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December  26,  18S5. 


THE 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 


^    Mccftlg    Jiriustratftr    journal 


Horticulture  and  Allied  Subiects 


(ESTABLISHED      IN       1841.) 


VOL.    XXIV.-NEW    SERIES. 


JULY    TO    DECEMBER,    i885. 


LONDON : 

41,    WELLINGTON    STBEET,    COVENT    GAEDEN,    WC. 

1885. 


issr 


LONDON  : 
BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    &   CO.,    PRINTERS,    WIIITF.FRIARS. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle,] 


[December  25,  1S85 


JULY    TO    DECEMBER,    1885. 


Aberdeen  show,  the,  369 
Abits  grandis,    563  ;   A,  magnifica,  725  ; 
A.    Morinda  ns   a    hedge  plant,    274  ; 
A.    nobihs,   652  ;    A.   n.   var.  robui^ia, 
725  ;  A.  Pinsapo,  468  ;  nobilis,  652 
Abnormal  form  ot  Puccinia  betoniccC,  iSo 
Abutilons,  hybrid,  374 
Acacia,    at    Masonic   funerals,    566  ;    at 

Worthing,  562 
Achillsetis,  204 
Adhatodd  cydoniLEfoHa,  531 
Adirondack,  forests  of  the,  531 
Adoxa,  disease  of,  21 
/Ecidium  betcc,  108 
/it-ranihus  Lconis,  80.  142 
Aerides    odoratura  var.   Demidovi.  585 ; 

A.  Vand.irum.  62S  ;  Leona^i,  783 
Affghan   Delimitation   Commission,   the, 

77 
Agaricus  rubescen>,  460 
Agaves,  flowering  in  HoMand,  142 
Agricultural    returns    of    Great    Britain, 

summary  of  tlie,  243,  590 
Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  India,  498  ; 

Society  of  Madras,  107 
Alfa  in  Algeria,  118 
Aloe  insignisx ,  40 
Allotment  question,  the,  792 
Alpine  flora,  protection  ot  the,  83 
Alpine  Hutchinsia.  the.  262 
Alpine  plants,  47,  78,  203.  524,  684  ;  and 
alpine  gardens,   234  ;  on  the   Gemmi, 
170  ;  seed  sowing,  524 
Alslrcemerias,  244 
Amaryllis,  the,  39,  270 
Amasonia  punicea,  693 
Amateurs,  Orchids  for,  750,  719 
Amber,  a  large  piece  of,  411 
American  Exhibition  of  1886.  178 
American  fibres,  173  ;  floriculture,  619 
Anacardium  occidentale,  691 
Anemone,  the,  461 
Anemone    Honorine    Jobert,    558  ;      A. 

polyanthes.  530 
Anemones,  408.  626  ;  disease  of,  308  ;  in 

September,  336 
Angr^ecum  Leonis,  626 
Annual  Chrysanthemums,  500 
Anthericum  Uliastrum,  47 
Antoine,  Bromeliads,  690  [144 

Antwerp    Botanical    Cungress,    17,    112, 
Antwerp  Exhibition,  176,  461 
Apiary,    the,   21,  179,  235,  301,  367,  430, 

555,   623.  684,  750,  811 
Apospory,  780 

Aponogeton  fenestralis,  434  [625,  753 
Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  Scottish,  306, 
Apple   crop,    American,    210  ;     in   Nova 

Scotia,  295  ;  Glossy  Reinette,  118 
Apples   for  planting,    cuhnary   varieties, 
407  ;     Golden    Noble    and    Waltham 
Seedhng,    436,    622  ;    to    plant,    463  ; 
Nova  Scotian,  at  Edinburgh,  658 
Apricot,  St.  Ambroise,  500 
Araucaria  excelsa,    113  ;    A.    imbricata, 

gumming,  220 
Arboretum  Segrezianitm,  561 
Arboretum.  Sir  C.  Bunbury's,  250 
Arbutus  Unedo,  491 
Architecture    and  landscape    gardening, 

140,  203,  263 
Arctotis  acaulis,  38  ;  A.  aspera,  38  ;  A. 
asperavar.  arborescens,  14  ;  A.  aureola, 
14  ;  A.  cinerari^,  38  ;  A.  cuprea,  38  ; 
A.  decumbens,  38  ;  A.  decurrens,  38 ; 
A.  fastuosa,  38  ;  A.  glaucophylla,  38  ; 
A.  grandiflora,  38  ;  A.  Leichtliniana, 
38;  A.  leplorhiza,  38;  A.  leucan- 
Ihemoides,  38  ;  A.   maculala,  38  ;    A. 


replans,  38  ;  A.  revolula,  39  ;  A.  rosea, 

39  ;  A.  speciosa,  39  ;  A.  squarrosa,  39 ; 

A.  tricolor.  39  ;  A.  undulaia,  39 
Arctotis.  the  genus,  14,  38 
Ari?a?mas,  179 
Aristolochia  elegans  301.  339 
Armena  cephaiotes,  78 
Arran,  Acacias  in,   694;    Cordylines   in, 

694  ;  Tree  Ferns  in,  694  ;  vegetation  in, 

694 
Arie  of  Gardening,  the,  434 
Artichokes,  Globe,  to  pickle,  for  winter 

use,  123 
Artificially  coloured  Potatos,  759.  792 
Arum  crinitum,  375  ;  fertilisation  of,  439 
.UaGray.  Dr..  722 

;\sarum  Thunbergi,  6go  1^435 

A^clepiads    and    Hoyas,    fertilisation   of, 
Ashridge  Park,  551 
Ashton  Court,  Bristol,  291; 
Asier  Bigelnvii,  135  ;  A-  Thomsoni,  io5  ; 

A.  Washington  \'eedle.  693 
Astrcintia  helleborifolia.  135;  major,  ir3 
Aihrotaxis  laxifolia.  584  ;  coning  of,  660  ; 

A  cupressoides,  270 
Auriculas,  double.  71 
Adas,  Popular,  Letts',  621 
Auricula,  the,  23 
Australian  Orchids,  688 
Australian  valley,  an,  90 
.Vutumn  flower,  400 
Automatic  irrigation,  210 
Ayapana,  140 
Azalea,  the,  270  ;   A.   mollis,  hybrids  of, 


Balata  industry  in  British  Guiana,  212 
Balfour.  Plants  of  the  Bible,  754 
Balfour's  terra-cotta,  146 
Balsam  Parameria,  813 
Bamboo,  146  ;  seeding,  730 
Banbury  show,  309 
Banyan  in  a  bowl,  713 
Barkeria  elegans,  142 
Barr's  grounds,  Tooting,  15 
Bartholina  Ethelse,  134;  pectinata,  136 
Bast  niais,  Canadian,  18 
Battle  Abbey,  423 
Baytordhury,  229, 
Beans.  French,  211 
Bean  weevil,  436 
Bed,  a  charming,  23 
Beech-leaf  miner,  156 
Beech-mast,  meaning  of  word,  156 
Bedding  plants,  propagation  of,  436 
Bees  and  bee-keeping,  531 
Begonia.  John   Heale,  593  ;    B.   Princess 
Beatrice,  310  ;  Reading  Snowflake,  660 
Begonias  at  Reading,  243  ;  tuberous,  at 

Swanley,  397 
Belon,  Pierre,  305 

Belladonna,  178  ;  Lilies,  vars.  of,  598 
Bentham  portrait,  the,  16,  369 
Benthamia  fragifera,  112 
Berberis  Wallichiana,  330 

Berlin,  Horticultural  Exhibition  at,  17 
Bermuda  Lily,  113  [815 

Berry-bearing  plants,  679.  717,  747,  777. 

Beurr*^  Clairgeau,   688  ;  Rome  Gaujard, 
665 

Big  Vine  of  Kinnell,  the,  i8i 

Bignonia  purpurea,  273 

Bilbergia  Breauteana  x,  114  [7^2 

Billing  Road  Nursfry,  notes  from,  782 

Bletchingley,  Surrey,  22 

Bobart,  Jacob,  208 

Boiler,     Wotherspoon's     tubular,     338 ; 
Wood's  patent,  336 


Boissier,  M.  Edouard,  434,  455 
Bokhara,  fruit  trees  in,  14 

Books,  Notices  of  : — Arboretum  Se- 
grezianum.  561  ;  Atlasof  Plant  Diseases 
(Zintmerman).720  ;  Australian  Orchids, 
688  ;  Bible  Flowers  and  Flower  Lore 
(Anonymous),  754  ;  British  Moss  Flora, 
561  ;  Broraeliads  (Antoine),  690  ;  Cey- 
lon Plants  (Dr.  Trimen),  305  ;  Brown- 
smith's  Boy  (Blackie&Son).  787  :  Cacao 
Planters'Manual,  107;  Canadian  Record, 
176  ;  Compendio  della  Flora  Italiana, 
178  ; Congres  International de  Botanique 
et  d'HorticuUure  d'Anvers.  17,  112, 
114;  Congre';  de  St.  Petersbourg, 
722;  Cours  de  Botanique  Fossile  (M. 
B  Renault).  138;  Dairy  of  the  Farm 
(lames  Long  and  J  C.  Morton),  no; 
Uictionnaire  de  botnnique  (Bailioni, 
144  ;  Dictionnairp  des  Roses  ou  Guide 
General  du  Rosieriste  (Max  Singer), 
136  ;  Dictionary  of  ihe  Names  of  British 
Hants  (Henry  Purefoy  Fitzgerald),  306  ; 
Familiar  Trees  (Boulger),  305;  Flore 
Complete  de  la  Belgique,  &c.  {Andr6 
de  Vos),  441  ;  Flowering  Plants  and 
Ferns  of  the  Riviera  and  Neighbouring 
Mountains  (C.  Bicknell).  562.  7^4  ; 
Forests  of  Poland,  Lithuania,  &c.  (Dr. 
Croumbie  Brown).  53  ;  Fruits  and  Fruit 
Trees  (Leo  Grindon).  723  ;  Gardeners' 
M;igazine  813  ;  Gardening,  the  arte  of, 
434  ;  Greenhouse  and  Siove  Plants 
(1  hos.  Baines).  470  ;  Herefordshire 
Pomona,  209,  503  ;  Histoiredes  Plantes 
(H.  Baillon),  722  ;  How  to  Make  the 
Land  Pay,  138  ;  Hortus  Floridus.  346, 
362.  395.  439,  468  ;  Indigenous  Flowers 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  (Mrs.  Sin- 
clair), 814  ;  Les  Pucerons  (Lichten- 
siein).  689  ;  Little  Folks  (Cassell  &  Co. ), 
813;  Madeira,  its  Climate  and  Scenery 
(James  Yate  Johnson),  53  ;  Males'a 
(Br-ccari),  594;  Mason's  Biirmah.  18; 
Nippon  and  Shokubustsumeil.  or  No- 
menclature of  Japanese  Plants  (}.  Mat- 
snmura),  370  ;  Observations  ot  Injuri- 
ous Insects  and  Common  Farm  Pests 
(E.  A.  OrmerMd),  7  ;  Orchid  Grower's 
Manual  (B  S.  WilliamsK  787  ;  Orchid, 
the  Royal  Family  of  Plants  (Harriet 
Stewart  Miner).  814;  Plant  Lice,  689; 
Plants  of  the  Bihl^  (John  Huiton  Bal- 
four), 754  ;  Recherches  Anaiomiques 
sur  les  Organs  Vegctatif  de  I'L'nica 
dioica  (Gravis).  594  ;  Roses.  How  to 
Grow,  596  ;  Russians  in  Central  Asia, 
the(H.  I^nsddl,  D.D.),  108  ;  Science 
of  Agriculture  (F.  J.  Lloyd).  138; 
Studies' of  Plant  Life  in  Canada  (Mrs. 
C.  P.  Traill).  754  ;  The  Golden  Gate 
and  Silver  Steps  (S.  Hibberd),  8T5  ; 
The  House  Sparrow.  626  ;  The  Live 
Stock  lournal.  815  ;  The  Praise  of  Gar- 
dens (Sieveking),  815  ;  Traite  de  Bota- 
nique, Agricole  el  Indnstrielle  (J. 
Vrsque),  158  ;  Vegetable  Garden,  the 
(Vilmorin  -'Andrieux),  814  ;  Vorle- 
Eungen  iiber  Bacterien,  625  ;  Wild 
Flowers  Worth  Notice  (Mrs.  Lankes- 
ter),  18  ;  Woods  of  the  United  States 
of  America  (C.  S.  Sargent,)  no  ;  Year- 
Book  of  the  Scientific  and  Learned 
Societies  of  Great  Britain  and  IrHand, 
723  ;  Ye  Original  Little  Book  on 
Daffodils  (Hartland),  562 

Boissier,  the  late  M  ,  656 
Bomareas  at  Kew,  746 
Books,  rare  old  gardening,  789 


B^or  tree,  the  Scotch,  375 

Bordeaux,  Iruit  crops  in,  242 

"  Border  Carnation,"  what  is  a,  183 

Botanic  Ggrden,  Cape  Town,  107,  813  ;  in 

Java.  682  ;  Lisbon,  24 
Botanical  Magazine,  50.  569.  530,  7S6 
Bjfaniker  Kiilender,  1886,  658 
Botany  and  gardening,  170 
Botany,  New  Zealand,  471 
Botany  of  South  Kent,  146 
Botany,  the  study  of,  753 
Bracts  falling  from  Poinsettias,  792 
Brazil,  Orchid  exportation  from,  690 
Bridgen  Place,  plant  growing  at,  119 
British  Association,  326,  363 
British  Guiana,  Orchids  in,  78 
British  India,  the  flora  of.  272 
Broccoli,  late,  53 
R'odineas.  82 
Bromcliad>.  83.  600;  of  ChiH,  the  gi^nt, 

747  ;  Antoir.e  on,  690 
Brougham  Hall.  69 
IVugmansia  suaveolens,  3^0 
Brunsvigia  Josephinas,  597 
Buch.an  Hill,  Crawley,  13 
Buckinghamshire  Garden,  notes  from  a, 

200,  365.  680 
Bulb    culture    in    Holland,     626  ;    show 

tickets.  Hooper's  illustrated,  374 
Bulbophyllum  Lobbii,  in 
Bunbury's.  Sir  C..  arboretum,  250 
Bur/ord  Lodge,  165 
Burmese  Dendrobes,  13  ;  Lacquer,  20 


Cabbages,  Early  Etampes,  150 

Cacti,  hardy,  151 

Cacao  Planter  s  Manual,  107 

Cactuses,   culture  of,    231  ;  hardy,   679  ; 

hedges,    178  ;    tender,    679  ;    uses    of 

spines  in,  265 
Caister  lifeboat  relief  fund,  the,  369 
Calanthe  nalalensis,  78  ;  C   Veiichii,  690  ; 

C.  vestita  oculala  gigantea,  6S3 
Cal-inthes.    136,    396.   808  ;    at    Oldfield 

Hall,  584  ;  their  culture,  12 
Caley,  George,  263 
Calochortus,  82 
Calochoitus  venustus,  52 
Carawnda  bush,  the.  262 
CaHipsyche  aur^ntiaca,  530 
Camellias,  72,  167 
Campanulas,  147 
Campanula    Hendersoni.    182  ;  C.    lacti- 

folia,    135;    C.    pyramidalis,    557;    C. 

pulla,  203  ;  C.  Zoysii,  267 
Camphor  in  China,  306 
Canada,  219 
Canadian  bast  mats.  18 
Canadian  Record  of  Science,  176 
Candytuft,  Empress.  24 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley  Nursery,  723 
Cape  Town  Botanic  Garden,  813 
Carnation  and   Picotee  Society,  National 

(Southern  Section),  85 
Carnation.    Clove,    Chiswick   Red,    242  ; 

layers,  treatment  of,  627 
Carnations  and  Picotees.  72,  171 
Carnations  at  Oxford,  264 
Carnations,  winter  blooming.  53,  811 
Caryopteris  Mastacanthus,  531 
Casimiroa  eduHs,  146 
Castanea  pumila,   686  ;  C.   vulgaris  var. 

pt-ndula,  561 
Casiiileja  indivisa,  242 
Cat  plants,  400  h-O 

Cat-^lpa   Bignonioides,  330;  C.    Eui  g.  i. 
Cataseium  and  insects,  104  ;  C.    matro' 

carpum,  78 
Caterpillars.  302  ;  dcslrucl'on  cf,  215   r47 


Iv 


The  Gardeners'  Chronidle,] 


iNDnx. 


Cattlcyas,  636 

Cattley.i  Aclandire.  lo  ;  C.  amethysto- 
glossa,  lo  ;  C.  bicolor,  ii  ;  C.  Bow- 
ringiana  (autuninalis),  683  ;  C.  cho- 
coensis,  10  ;  C.  crispa,  248  ;  flowers, 
honey  glands  on  the  sepals  of.  20  ;  C. 
Forbesii,  10;  C.  guttata,  10;  C.  g. 
Leopoldi,  10  ;  C.  g.  Williamsi,  715  ; 
C.  g.  var.  Leopoldi,  714  ;  C.  granu- 
losa, 10  ;  C.  Harrisoniana,  10  ;  C. 
Hardyana,  206  ;  C.  intermedia,  lo  ;  C. 
Lawrenceana,  168;  C.  Loddigesi,  10; 
C.  luteola,  10.  783  :  C.  maxima.  783  ; 
C.  m.  Backhousiana.  142  ;  C.  MosbiK 
(white  var.),  12;  C.  nobilior  Huguenevi, 
142  ;  C.  sulphurea,  10 

Cedrela  odorata,  338 

Centaurea  glastifolia,  135 ;  C.  macro- 
cephala,  135 

Cerasus  capuii,  561  ;  C.  Herincqulana, 
561  ;  C.  Pscndo-Cerasus,  561 

Ceratandra,  136  ;  C,  bicolor,  136  ;  C. 
chloroleuca,  136  ;  C.  grandiflora,  136  ; 
C  Harveyana,  136 

Cereals,  cross-breeding  of,  234 

Cereus,  an  extraordinary,  247 

Cicada,  the  periodical,  82 

Cider  and  perry,  2n 

Cinchona  bark,  691 

Cinerarias,  bidding  out,  248 

Cistus,  147  ;  C.  formosus,  5 

Citrus  tnptera,  691 

Chamascladon  metallicum,  750 

Cham^dorea  Arenbergiana,  530 

Cham^erops  excelsa,  176  ;  C.  Foriunei, 
304  ;  C.  Fortune!  and  Eucalyptus, 
flowering  of,  2t6 

Chard  Nurseries,  136 

Charming  bed,  a,  23 

Chelsea,  Botanic  Garden  at,  233,  562 

Chepstow,  public  improvements  in,  274 

Cherkley  Court,  tropical  fruits  at,  306  ; 
conservatory  at,  624 

Cherries  in  Kent,  17  ;  in  pots,  205.  238  ; 
.Morello,  23  ;  under  glass,  281,  333 

Chick  houses.  219 

Children's  exhibition,  85  ;  gardens,  53 

Chinese  Primula,  double  flowering,  269 

Chiswick,  trial  of  Peas  at,  106 

Christmas  plants.  775  ;  Rose,  818 

Chrysanthemums,  526  ;  annual,  499  ;  at 
the  Exeter  Nursery,  664  ;  at  B.  S.  Wil- 
liams' nursery,  626  ;  at  Finsbury  Park, 
563  ;  at  W.  Cutbush  &  Son's,  626  ;  at 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons',  626;  at 
Swanmore,  692  ;  bud  variations  in,  690  ; 
diseased,  120  ;  in  October,  554  ;  shoots 
eaten  by  insects,  731  ;  shows,  459 

Chrysanthemum  latifolium,  135  ;  C.  Leu- 
cinihemum,  150  ;  C.  maximum,  135  ; 
C.  Wermig.  500 

Chrysogonuni  virginianum,  267 

Chrysophyllum  camito,  691 

Cineraria,  the.  761 

Cirrhopetalum  Wallichii,  813I 

Combretum  micropetalum,  592 

CUdosporium  dendriticum,  691 

Cladotrichium  passiftoric,  724 

Clandon  Park,  711 

Clay  soils,  Pears  for,  523 

Cleistogamous  flowers  of  Hoya,  434 

Clematis  Davidiana,  530  ;  C.  Jackmanni, 
339  ;  the  wild,  310  ;  lite-flowering,  660 

Clianthus  Dampieri,  409 

Clibran  &  Son's,  notes  from  Messrs.,  627 

Climbing  plants  for  the  conservatory,  371 

Clip  or  holder,  patent,  309 

Coca,  117,  383 

Cooain,  461 

Cockscomb,  Glasgow  D  ,varf  Crimson, 
MacLachlan's.  183 

Colonial  notes,  107,  141 

Common  edible  Mushroom,  a,  460 

Commons  and  roadside  slips  of  land, 
7J6 

Coiiipare'tia  macropleotron,  365 

Comp.  nd  o  della  Flora  fialiana,  178 

Conindr  jn  ramondioides,  177 

Cones,  304  ;  of  Abies  brachyphylla,  151 

Conifer  grafting.  203  ;  propagation  of, 
6S7  ;    unusual  free  growth  of  season, 

Conmg  of  Athrotaxis  laxifolia,   660;   of 

Picea  Pinsapo,  635 
Cort,^rdf    Intemitional    dt    Botanique   ei 

£  Horticulture  d'Anvers,  17,  112,  144  ; 

de  St.  Peteribourg,  733 
Corn  mildew,  245 

Coryanthes  and  insect  fertilisers,  103 
Conservatory  at  Bleichley  Park.  333 
Cottage  garden,  a  novel  way  of  planting 

Cotton  seed  in  America,  uses  of,  409 

Cotton  wool  for  packing.  628 

Country  growers  and  town  salesmen,  408, 
439 

Covent  Garden,  6go  ;  v.  Asiatic  Cholera, 
242  ;  .market  and  Christmas  supplies, 
786  ;  prices,  500;  new  flower  market,  73 

Cow-keeping  by  labourers,  718 

Cracking  of  Apples  and  Pears,  691 

Crinum  augustum,  813 

Crocus  speciosus,  440 

Crocuses,  early  autumn,  at  Kew,  469 

CryptogamicSocietyof  Scotland.  213,  466 

Cry-it^'  '  alace,  ih",  561 


Cuba,  Tjb.aco  and  cignr  tradein,  300 
Cucumber,  bisexual,  17  ;  leaves,  spotted, 

794  ;  Telegraph,  375 
Cucurbits    in    the    vVater  Lily-house    at 

Kew.  70 
Cudrania  triloba,  410 
Cuscuta  reflexa.  692 
Cyananthus  lobatus,  203,  2j2 
Cycads  in  flower  at  Kew,  665 
Cyclamen,  a  double,  400 
Cyclamen    and    Vucca,    germination  of, 

216 
Cyclamen  at  Hanwell,  660  ;   at  Messrs. 

Clarke's,  787  ;  at  Messrs.  Page's,  787  ; 

at  Mr.  Walker's.  787 
Cypripedium   Drueryi,  142  ;  C.  Parishii, 

ito  ;  C.  Schroeden,  142  ;  C.  spectabile, 

53  ;  C.   tesselatum  var.   porphyrophyl- 

lum,  714 
Cypripediums,  783 
Cyrtopodium  punctatum,  334 


Daffodil  notes,  817 

Daffodil,  White  Hoop-Petticoat,  the, 
791 

Daffodils,  Leeds  and  Herbert,  724 

Dahlia  exhibition  for  the  North,  340 

Dahlia  show,  the  Grand  National,  144 

Dahlias,  274 ;  and  Marguerites,  627  ; 
new,  692  ;  reversion  in,  469  ;  in  1885, 
780  ;  self  sown,  533 

Dalmatia,  products  of,  651 

Daphne  rupestris,  651 

Date  Palm,  the,  178.  211 

David  Douglas,  173 

Decorations,  792 

Dendrobium  nobile  unpruned,  794 

De  CandoUe  Prize,  the,  530 

Delphiniums.  151 

Dendrobes,  Burmese,  13 

Dendrobium  Macarthiae,  no;  D.  nobile 
var.  Cooksonianum,  121  ;  D.  specio- 
sum,  715  ;  pruning,  339 

Desfontania  spinosa.  173,  686 

Deutzia  crenata,  172 

Devonshire  garden,  a,  494 

Dianthus  japonicus,  627 

Dicksonia  antarctica,  85  ;  D.  Lathami,  689 

Dictionnaire  de  Botanique,  Baillon's,  144 

Difficulty  of  breathing  caused  by  Pelar- 
goniums. 722 

Directorate  of  Kew,  the,  786 

Disa  cornuta,  562  ;  D.  crassicornis,  440, 
501  ;  D.  macranlha,  470.  501,  522 

Disease  and  decay  in  fruit,  51,  268.  564  ; 
of  Adoxa,  21  ;  of  bulbs,  149;  of  Gen- 
tian, 372 

Diseased  Chrysanthemums,  120  ;  Toma- 
tos,  23 

Diseases  of  fruit,  &c.,  755  ;  of  plants,  108  ; 
of  Potatos  and  Vines,  246 

Disinfectants.  108 

Dodder,  248,  309 

Downingia  pulchella,  17 

Dractcna  Draco,  propagation  of,  175  ;  D. 
intermedia,  175 

Dracaenas,  propagation  of,  174 

Dresden,  International  Exhibition  at,  656 

Dryas  octopetala,  204 

Drought  and  vegetation,  176,  242 


Ealing,  fruit  growing  at,  523 

Ealing.  Hanwell,  and  Acton  Society,  146 

Early  Etampes  Cabbage,  150 

Earthlng-up,  715.  757 

East  Anglia,  mildness  of  the  season  in, 

758 
Echeveria  Peacockii,  66t 
Echeveria.  wintering,  659 
Economy  and  seed  Potatos,  407 
Eccremocarpus  scaber,  340 
Edge   Hill,    Malpas,   plants  in  flower  at, 

106 
Edible  Mushroom,  a  common,  460 
Edinburgh    Apple   and    Pear    Congress, 

658.  753  ;  proposed  fruit  show  at,  339 
Edraianthus  dalmaticus,  203 
Edward  von  Regel,  243 
Eight  days  in  the  Garden  of  England,  406, 

428.  459.  55^.  6i3,  665.  683,  714 
Electric  tree  of  New  Guinea,  731 
Embothrium  coccineum,  82 
Encephalart^s  Hildebrandtii,  434 
Ensilage  of  Mulberry  leaves.  298 
Epidendrum  paniculatum,    142  ;  E.  pris- 

matocarpum,  334,  462  ;  seed  vessels  of 

species  of,  332 
Epilobium  Fleischerii,  267 
Epipactis  latifolia,   247  ;    and   its    vars., 

660 
Erigeron  caucasicus,  203 
Eritrichium  barbigerum,  716 
Erucastrum  inodorum,  275 
ErythrinaCrista-Gani,3io  ;  E.  suberosa, 

270 


Espirto  in  Tunis.  651 

Eucalypts,  617 

Eucalyptus.   167  ;  and  Chamasrops  For- 

tunei,    flowering    of,    «i6  ;    in    Arran, 

694 
Eucalypti,  transplanting,  569 
Eucalyptus  globulus,  23  ;   E.  globulus  in 

Scotland,  in  flower,  114 
Eucharis  amaxonica,  463  ;  E.  Mastersii, 

210,  722 
Eucharis  mite,  534 
Eucharis,  seedling,  a,  731 
Euryangium  Sumbul,  50 
Everlasting  Peas,  150 
Exhibiting  Chrysanthemum  blooms,  693 
Exhibits,  bonAfide,  815 
Extinction  of  species,  235 


Fadiana  imbricata  and  Ceanothus 
Veitchii,  23 

Fairy  rings,  22 

Familiar  Trees  (Boulger's),  146 

Farm  gardening,  18 

Fences,  ornamental  and  shelter,  587 

Fenn,  Mr.,  at  home,  225 

Fern,  a  proliferous,  244 

Fern  culture,  789 

Ferneries,  777 

Fernfield,  Bridge  of  Allan,  619 

Ferns  at  K'^w.  405,  724  ;  hardy,  440  ;  pro- 
liferation in.  371,  394.  437,  595.  783 

Fertilisation  of  Figs,  310  ;  of  the  Passion- 
flower, 150 

Fibres,  American,  173  ;  Cocoa-nut,  8o3 

Ficus  repens,  ^39  ;  F.  barbata  in  Scot- 
land. 813 

Figs,  271  ;  fertilisation  of,  247 

Filbert  bushes,  how  raised,  569  ;  extra- 
ordinary crop  of.  275 

Filmy  Ferns  of  Jamaica,  102 

Flavour  in  Pears,  333 

Floral  evolution,  370  ;  illustrations,  145  ; 
novelties,  716  ;  pyramids,  685,  726 

Flora  of  British  India,  the,  372  ;  of  Ice- 
land, the,  173 

Floriculture  in  the  City,  273 

Florida,  the  Italy  of  America.  154 

Florists'  and  fruiterer's  Christmas  sup- 
plies, 792 

Florists'  flowers,  15,  148,  171,  246,  270. 
335.  365.  398,  461,  '526,  554,  621,  719, 
761,  780 

Flower  garden,  management  of  the,  47, 
HI,  175.  239,  303.  367,  431,  495,  559, 
623.  687,  719,  750,  783  ;  in  a  cold  spot, 
443  ;  Jewish,  8o3 

Flowering  of  Eucalyplus  globulus  in 
Scotland,  114 

Flower  making,  58 

Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  rew,  72, 

Flower  shows,  370  (see  under  Societies) 

Flower  show  ethics,  177 

Flowers,  heat  in,  592  ;  fashion  in,  658 

Flowers  in  season,  113.  594 

Foliation,  unseasonable,  722 

Forests  and  moisture,  753 
'Forestry,  20,  51,  142,  145,  179.  238,  299, 
377.  406,  442,  531,  587,  655.   63s.  716, 
778  ;  and  forest  productions,  208  ;  ex- 
hibition, 240 

Forest,  Malayan,  a,  104 

Foster's  Seedling  and  Tokay  Grapes  at 
South  Kensington  fruit  show,  400 

Foxglove,  a  regular,  400 

Fragrant  Orchid,  a,  248 

France,  preserving  vegetables  in,  273 

Freesia,  refractory.  247 

French  Beans  and  insects,  763 

Fromow  &  Sons'  Nursery,  329,  462 

Frost  in  Scotland,  310 

Fruit  catalogue,  467 

Fruit  crops,  the,  374  ;  of  Nova  Scotia, 
147,  243  ;  of  the  year,  48  ;  remarks  on 
the.  72  ;  crops,  report  ot  the  condition 
of  the,  43 

Fruit  culture,  235  ;  profitable,  12 

Fruit,  disease  and  decay  in,  51,  268,  564. 
755 

Fruit  growing,  150;  at  Ealing,  523;  and 
jam.  333 

Fruit  culture  in  Los  Angelos,  650 

Fruit  Garden,  the  hardy,  15,  791,  143,  207, 
271.335.  463.  537,  591,  623,719;  at 
Osterley  Park,  367  ;  gathering  and 
storing,  499  ;  trees,  manuring,  783  ; 
notes,  42,  an,  236,  333;  raising  of, 
677  ;  room,  Mr.  Bunyards,  530;  show.  ■■ 
Edinburgh,  proposed,  339 ;  trees  in 
Bokhara.  14  ;  at  Ealing,  520;  pruning 
and  planting,  791;  seedling.  651  ;  select- 
ingand  planting,  438;  transplanting  and 
renovating,  408  ;  when  to  eat,  627 

Fruit  of  Stephanoiis  floribunda,  816 

Fruit  trees,  unseasoable  flowering,  817 

Fruits  under  glass,  management  of,  ic;^ 
47,  III,  143.  207.  271,  335,  399.  431, 
463.  495-  559.  591.  687.  751,  783 

Fuchsias,  330  ;  Lye's  new,  409  ;  F.  am- 
pliata,  530 


Fungi,  edible  English,  597 
Fungus,  common  edible,  a,  648,  649,  716  ; 
in  turf.  533  ;  poisoning  of  pheasants. 


Galls  on  the  roots  of  Orchids,  84,  121 

Galanthus  nivalis  var.  octobrensis,  628  ; 
G.  nivalis  corcyrensis,  656 

Garden,  flower  (see  Flower  Garden) ;  fruit 
(see  FmitGarden);an  old-fashioned,  142; 
kitchen  (see  Kitchen  Garden)  ;  market 
(see  Market  Gardening)  ;  insects,  com- 
mon,  180  ;  Palms,  586,  748  ;  Pears, 
499  ;  pests,  and  how  to  prevent  them, 
147  ;  refuse  disposal,  53  ;  Roses,  456  ; 
specialist's,  a,  183  ;  walls,  colour-wash 
for.  475  „     . 

Garden  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Society, 
Glasgow,  562 

Gardeners,  a  hint  to,  566  ;  as  voters,  466 

Gardeners'  education,  566  ;  Royal  Bene- 
volent Institution,  50,  366,  498,  530, 
690 

Gardening,  the  Arte  of,  434. 

Gas  lime  as  manure  insecticide,  339 

Gemmi,  alpine  plants  on,  170 

Geneva,  Le  Jardin  Alpin  d'AccIimatation, 
499.  784 

Gentian,  disease  of,  372 

Geniiana  pneumonanthe,  468  ;  G.  sep- 
temfida,  203  ;  G.  triflora,  115  ;  G, 
verna,  373 

Geranium  armenum,  135  ;  G.  Wallichia- 
num,  13s 

German  Carnations,  242  ;  grass  crops, 
275 

Germany,  introduction  of  the  Potato  into, 
753 

Geums,  hybrid,  20 

Ghent  Horticultural  Society,  656 

Gladioli,  the  Gourock  collection  of,  565  ; 
ripening  of,  662 

Gladiolus,  the,  335;  storing  hybrids  of 
gandavensis,  791 

Glands,  honey  on  the  sepals  of  Cattleya 
flowers,  20 

Glasgow,  Royal  Botanic  Institution  of,  464 

Glasnevin,  ii3 

Glazing,  shutter-bar  system  of,  213 

Gloxinias  at  Rangemore,  274 

Gooseberries  for  market,  sorts  of,  569 

Gordon  Castle,  rainfall  at,  469 

Govenia  deliclosa,  714 

Gourds,  ornamental,  597 

Grafting  Conifers,  203 

Grafting  of  seedlings,  658 

Grand  National  Dahlia  Show,  144 

Grapes  and  Peaches  at  Manresa  House, 
Roehampton,  213 

Grapes,  an  exhibition  of,  306  ;  at  Bexley 
Heath  and  Swanley,  595  ;  at  Exeter 
show,  310  ;  in  the  open  air,  368  ;  pack- 
ing, 369 

Grape  Gros  Colmar,  665,  692  ;  growing, 
good,  151 ;  late.  783  ;  Muscat  Cham- 
pion.  436  ;  shanking,  475 ;  the  Straw- 
Tokay  and  Foster's  Seedling,  440: 
berry,  336;  white  variety  of  Gros  Col- 
mar.   601 

Grass  crops,  German,  275 

Grasses,  chemical  composition  and  agri- 
cultural value,  817 

Gray,  Dr.  Asa,  752 

Great  Britain,  agricu'turfil  returns  of,  590 

Greenhouse  hard-wooded  plants,  271  ; 
plants,  culture  and  management,  237; 
Rhododendron,  533  ;   stove  plants,  112 

Grevillea  robusta,  725 

Grinding  machine,  a,  748 

Grinling  Gibbons.  337 

Grouping  in  the  greenhouse  at  Kew,  171 

Growth  and  rest,  428 

Guadaloupe  Island,  632 

Guiana,  British,  Orchids  in.  78,  103 

Gumming  of  Roman  Hyacinths.  149 


H 


Habenaria  bifolia,  206 

Hackney  Microscopical  and  Natural 
History  Society,  499 

Haemanthus  cinnabarinus,  114  ;  H. 
Baurii,  812 

Hailstorm  Insurance  Society,  Nursery- 
men's Mutual,  440 

Halesia  hispida.  16 

Hardy  flowers  in  July,  135 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the.  15,  79.  143,  20, 
271.335.399.463.  5^7'  591.  623,  655, 
719.  783  ;  Iruits,  raising  of  the,  677 

Hardy  ornamental  shrubs,  172,  330,  371  ; 
plants,  262 

Harpalium  rigidum,  558 

Hartwell,  133 

Hartz  Mountains,  the.  115 

Hawthorndean,  Orchids  at.  585 

Hay  crop,  the,  84 

Heat  in  flowers,  592 

Hcdychium  flavescens,  627 


INDEX. 


Helenium  autumnale,  with  stalked  florets, 

621  ;  H.  Bolanderi,  H.  £.utuninalis  var. 

pumilum,  135 
Helianthus   multiflorus  fl-.pl,    558;    H. 

multiflorus,  558 
Hemlock  Spruce,  bark  extract  of,  115,  724 
Hepialus      fusca    and     Chrysanthemum 

shoots,  731 
Herbaceous  border,  206  ;  plants,  267 
Herejordshire  Pomona,  the,  209,  583 
Heriliera  macrophylla,  753,  784,  815 
Heterotoma  lobeloides,  136 
Hippophae  rhamnoides,  491,  562 
Holland,  Agaves  flowering  in,  142 
Hollies,  815 
Holly  Leaves,  688 
Homalomena  insignis,  114 
Home  of  Laelia  monophylla,  the,  457 
Home-grown  limber,  466 
Honey  glands  on  the  sepals  of  Caltleya 

flowers,  20 
Honours  to  horticulture,  725,  758,  7S4, 

761 
Hooker,  Sir  J.,  resignation  ot,  688 
"  Hop  Dog,'  475 
Hop  shoots,  402 

Horse  Chestnut  tree,  a  large,  375 
Horticultural  Club,  531,  658,  786 
Horticultural  education,  304 
Horticulture  and  trade  depression,  498 
Horticulture,  schools  of,  160 
Horticulturist,  an  octogenarian,  373 
Hortt   Floridly  ^a  rare  gardening   book, 

346.  395 
Hortus  Floridus,  362,  439,  469 
Hothouse  Orchids  in  winter,  755 
Hot-water  throttle-valve,  562 
Houstonia  coerulea,  262 
HouUetias,    777 ;    H.    Brocklehurstiana, 

777;  H.  chrysantha,  777  ;  H.  odoratis- 

sima,  777  :  H.   Lowii,   777  ;  H.    picta, 

777  ;  H.  vittata,  777  ;  H.  Wallisii,  777 
How  not  to  do  it,  723 
Hoya,  cleistogamous  flowers  of,  434 
Hoya  Griffithi,  334;  fertilisation  of,  374 
Hoyas  and  other  Asclepiads,  fertilisation 

of,  435 
Humulus  japonicus,  716 
Hursley,  807 
Huxley,  Professor,  720 
Hyacinthus  candicans,  597 
Hyacinth  holder,  a,  594 
Hydrangea,  Dr.  Hogg,  331  ;  H.  hortensis, 

331  ;  H,  paniculata  grandiflora,  331 
Hypencum  olympicum,  263 
Hypochasris  macutata,  135 


Iceland,  the  flora  of,  173 

Impatiens  glandulitera,  627 

Indiarubber  in  Nicaragua,  690 

Indian  and  Colonial  Exhibition,  1886,  ii3 

Indian  notes,  219 

Ingram,  Mr.  W.,  testimonial  to,  562 

Industrial  exhibitions  at  flower  shows,  182 

Inner  Temple  Chrysanthemums,  562 

Insects,  443  ;  common  garden,  296,  425  ; 

injurious,  408 
Insect,  leaf  miner  on  Holly,  123 
International  Exhibition,  Liverpool,  498 
International    Horticultural     Exhibition, 

the  proposed,  497.  533.  592.  598,  624 
International  Potato  Exhibition,  459 
Ireland,    plants     from,    in    fruit,     432  ; 

seedling  Potatos  in,  523 
Iris  laevigata,  177  ;  reversion  in,  309 
Inula  glandulosa,  106 
Island  floras,  loi 
Ivy  Campanula,  the,  263 
Ixora  salicifolia,  t;3 


Jamaica,  droughts  in,  730  ;  Filmy  Ferns 
of,  102  ;  formation  of  horticultural 
society  at,  730  ;  Tea  from,  146 

James  Maclean,  Mr.,  presentation  to,  274 

fapygia.  coast  ilora  of,  336 

Jardin  d"Acclimatation  at  Geneva,  499, 
784 

iasminum  azoricum,  407 
ava,  botanical  garden  in,  682 
enman,  Mr.  J.  S.,  114 
ephson  Gardens,  Leamington,  393 
erusalem  Articlioke,  175 
Jewish  flower  gardens,  808 
Jubilee  year  of  Queen  Victoria,  176 
Judas  trees  in  1885,  336 
June  garden,  the,  7  ;  hardy  flowers  in,  135 
"Just  one  book,"  306 


K;EMPFERIA  ornata,  328 
Kandy  Exhibition,  24 
Kensington  Gardens,  trees  in,  114 
Kent,  the  botany  of  south,  146 
Kerria,  173 


Kew,  Cucurbits  in  the  Water  Lily  house 
at,  70  ;  Cycads  in  flower  at,  665  ;  direc- 
torate of  the,  786  ;  Ferns  at,  405  ;  group- 
ing in  the  greenhouse  at,  171  ;  New 
Holland  plants  at,  282  ;  Proteaceous 
plants  at,  375  ;  at,  375  ;  North  Gallery 
at,  296  ;  Orchids  at.  522  ;  rockwork, 
tlie,  370  ;  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  and,  688 

Khivan  Melons,  107 

Kinnell,  big  Vine  at.  iSl 

Kitchen  garden,  management  of  the,  15, 
79,  143.  207.  271,  335,  ^7.  431.463. 
527,  591,  623,  055,  087,  719,  751.(811 


Labels,  Tahpot  Palm,  364 

Labisia  pothoina,  114 

Laecken,  glasshouses  at,  16 

Lacquer,  Burmese,  20 

Lffilia  anceps,  405  ;  L.  a.  Williamsi,  78  ; 

L.   crispa,  334 ;  L.  harpophylla,   405  ; 

L.  Measuresiana,  585  ;  L.  monophylla, 

home  of  the.  4t;7  ;  L.  Perrini  and  vars., 

691 
Landscape  gardening,  531 
Lane    &    Son's    nursery,    Berkhamsted, 

526 
Larkspurs,  500 
Lasiandra  macranlha  floribunda  on  back 

wall  of  a  vinery,  85 
Lathyrus  sativus,  596 
Lavender  at  Brighton,  230 
Law  notes,    Kay  v.  parish  of  Finchley, 

155  (see  Rating,  Taxation) 
Lawn  roller,  improvised,  141 
Lawson  &  Sons,  Messrs.,  146 
Laxton's,  Mr.,  new  Iruit*,  594 
Leaf-cutter  bees  and    Rose  foliage,  52  ; 

miner  insect  on  Holly,  123 
Leaves,    manurial  value  of,    618  ;  Pear, 

skeletonised,  443  ;  the  green  coloration 

of,  432 
Lee  &  Son's  nursery  at  Eabng,  520 
Leeds  Daffodils,  660 
Leontopodium  alpinum,  78 
Leptospermum  lanigeruni,  690 
Leschenaultias,  458 
Lettuce,  propagation  of,  85  ;  winter  and 

spring,  182 
Leycesleria  iormosa,  172 
Light,  influence  on  transpiration,  625 
Lilies,  Belladonna,  375 
Lilium  auratum,   an  enormous,  594  ;  L, 

a.    cruentum,    597 ;    L.    Browni,    82  : 

L.   candidum,    151  ;   L.  giganteum  in 

West   Grinstead    Park,   310;    L.    Kra- 

meri.  120  ;  L.  polyphyllum,  689 
Lime  tree,  second  leafing  of,  693 
Linaria  alpina,  684  ;  L.    anticaria,  684  ; 

L.    cymbalaria,    684  ;    L.    gen -sti folia, 

684  ;    L.  hep:iticrefolia,   684  ;    L.  lini- 

tolia,   684  ;    L.    macropoda,    684  ;     L. 

melananiha,  684  ;  L.  origanifoHa,  684 ; 

L.  pallida,  684;    L.   petrasa,684;    L. 

pilosa,    684 ;    L.    pyrenaica,    684  ;    L. 

striata,  684  ;  L.  tristis,  684 
Lindenia,  8o3 

Linnean  Society,  the,  467,  560,  625 
Linum    campanulatum,     78  ;      L.      nar- 

bonense,  106 
Liriodendron  tulipiferum,  815 
Lisbon  Bntanic  Garden,   24  ;  parks  and 

gardens,  22 
Lissochilus    Krebsi,    102  ;    L.    Saunder- 

sonii,  17 
Listera  ovata,  39 
Lockhart,  David,  236 
Longford  Hall,  Stretford,  758 
Longleat,  743 
Loquat,  813 
Low's  nurseries,  363 
Lycaste  cruenta  seed-pod  of,  725 
Luculias,  375  ;  L.  gratfssima,  816 


Madras  forests.  107 

Magnolia  grandiflora,  725 

Malayan  forest,  a,  104 

Matesia,  Sig.  Beccari,  594 

Malva  lateritia,  267 

Malvastrum  Munroanum,  267 

Mangos,  wild,  409 

Manresa    House,    Roehampton,    Grapes 

and  Peaches  at,  213 
Manure  for  turf  newly  laid,  763 
Manurial  uses  of  tan.  83 
Many-homed  plants,  595 
Market    gardening,    75,    115,     170,    205, 

299,  404,  761  ;  vegetable  growing,  309. 

(See  also  under  Vegetable. ) 
Market  Pears,  new,  779 
Masdevallia   chimaera,    334  ;   M.   leonto- 

glossa,  429  ;  M.  Roeziii,  586 
Masonic  funerals.  Acacia  at,  566 
Mats,  Canadian  bast,  18 
Mealy-bug  on  Vines,  23 


Meconopsis  nepalensis,    725  ;    M.    Wal- 

lichi,  106 
Medinila  erythrophylla,  402 
Melons,  143  ;  canker  in,  9  ;  Khivan,  107 
Menziesia  polifolia,  263 
Mertensia  sibirica,  78 
Mesembryanthemum     edule,     145,    266, 

3ro 
Metropohtan  parks  and  open  spaces,  117 
Michaelmas  Daisies,  558 
Mildew,  594 
Mildness  of  the  season  in  East  Anglia, 

75S 
Milfoils,  308 

Mobile,  vegetables  at,  274 
Monarda  didyraa,  263 
Montbretia  Pottsi,  204 
Montserrat,  389.  426 
Mormodes  luxatum  eburneum,  176 
Morren,  Charles,  112 
Mote,  the,  458 

Mount  Torlesse,  ascent  of,  11 
Movement  ot  plants,  562 
Mucor  Mucedo,  755  ;  M.  stolonifer,  755 
Mulberry  leaves,  ensilage  of,  298 
Muscat  Grapes,  247 
Mushroom,  a  common  edible,  460,  620  ; 

dangerous,  unless  fresh,  82 
Mushroom  field,  a,  374 
Mustard,  Turnip-rooted,  33S 


Xanodes  Medusie,  17 

Narcissus  fly,  the,  338  ;  N.  monophyllus, 
530  ;  N.  poeticus  var.  stellaris,  275  ;  pro- 
fiferous,  a,  745  ;  N.  viridiflorus,  627 

National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  466  ; 
Dahlia  Exhibition,  722  ;  Pear  Con- 
gress, 144,  528  ;  Rose  Society,  530 

Native  flora  of  Great  Britain,  the  preserva- 
tion of  the,  51 

Naturalisation  of  Orchids,  140 

Naturalists'  Field  Club,  the  Woolhope, 

433 
Nature,  208  ;  in  gardens,  244,  332 
Nelumbium  luteum,  266 
Nepenthes,  746 
Nerine,  synopsis  of  species  and  hybrids, 

779,  810 
Nerine  Meadowbanki,  816 
Nettles  for  stock.  306  ;  stinging,  the,  594 
New  plants,  certificated,  754 
New  South  Wales,  pastoral  districts  of,  90 
New  Zealand  botany,  471  ;  North-west, 

793 
Nice  pomt  m  judging  groups,  a.  182 
Non-rated  trading,  758 
Normanhurst,  197 
North,  gallery  at  Kew,  296 
North-west  of  New  Zealand,  the,  793 
North  of  Scotland  Association,  813 
Nova  Scotia,  agricultural  affairs  in,    107  ; 

Apples  in  1885.    112  ;  Apple  crop   in, 

295  ;  fruit  crops  in.  243 
Nova  Scotian  Apples  at  Edinburgh,  658 
Nurseries,  the  rating  of,  183 
Nuts,  248 
Nymphaea  alba  var.  rosea,   151;  N.   zan- 

zibarensis,  306 


Oak.  a  large  Turkey,  ^yj 

OBiTtJARY  :  —  .\yson,  Alexander,  762  ; 
Brown.  Samuel,  536  ;  Bull,  Dr.,  583  ; 
Burr,  D.  H.  D.,  730  ;  Carpenter,  Dr. 
W.  B.,  626:  Chater,  W.,  155  ;  Cut- 
bush,  y.,  187;  Deville.  Joseph,  569; 
EUacombe,  Rev.  H.  T. ,  187;  Forsyth, 
Alexander,  667;  Harrison,  E.,  818; 
Holman.  W.,  6or  ;  Hovey,  Mr.  P.  B.. 
314  ;  HuUe,  Madame  Van,  506  ;  Jong- 
kindt-Coninck,  C.  J.  M.,  601  ;  Las- 
celles,  W.  H,,  569  ;  Murray,  Mrs. 
Jane,  506  ;  Muir,  Mr.,  28;  Newbig- 
ging,  Mr.  A.  J.,  252  ;  Otto,  Edward, 
601  ;  Protheroe,  Alex.,  818  ;  Roezl, 
B.,  521  ;  Seale,  Mr.  W  ,  219  ;  Stern- 
berg, Baron,  ^36  ;  Walters,  Samuel, 
667 

October  flowering  Chrysanthemums.  554 
Odontoglossum  brevifolium,  522  ;  O.  cir- 

rosum,  522,  687  :  O.  coronariura,   176  ; 

O.  crispum,  12.  715,  791 
Odontoglossum,  the  genus,  199,  239,  588, 

619,  680,  748 
Odontoglossum     hebraicum,      142  ;      O. 

Krameri,    334  ;     O.     nebulosum    with 

three  hps,  151  ;  O.  ramosissimum,  683  ; 

O.  vexillarium  at  Blendon  Hall,   no  ; 

O.    vexillarium    at    Pickering    Lodge, 

Timperley,    42  ;     O.    vexillarium     var, 

purpureum,  585 
Odontospermura  maritimum,  135 
CEnothera  Fraseri,  263  ;  OK.   marginata, 

135 
Oidium  fructigenum,  51 


Old  pot  Pears,  598 
Old  Warden  Park,  Bedfordshire,  404 
Oncidium  Brunleesianum,   585  ;  O.  chry- 
sornis,    522;  O.    Jonesianuin,  808  ;  O. 
Limminghei,  714  ;  O.  Lanceanum  var. 
superbum,   585  ;    O.   leucochilum,    82  ; 
O.  ochlhodes,   522  ;  O.  Rogersii,  334  ; 
O.  varicosum,  m 
Onion  seed  growing.  215 

Onion  exhibition,  598 
Ononis  rotundifolia,  262 

Onosma  taurica,  47.  150 

Oranges  and  Lemons  in  Sicily,  818 

Orchid  exportation  from  Brazil,  690 

Orchid-house,  the,  79,  391,  435 

Orchid-houses,  660 

Orchid  map,  the,  339 

Orchid  naturalisation.  140 

Orchid  notes,  20,  372.  398,  430,  462,  563 

Orchid  pruning,  41,  120,  216 

Orchid  roots,  galls  on.  121 

Orchid  sale,  great,  a,  620 

Orchids  and  Pitcher-plants  at  Bocking 
Place,  42 

Orchids  at  Brettargh  Holt,  Milnthorpe, 
78  ;  at  home,  71  ;  at  Kew.  462,  523  ;  at 
Knebworth,  718  ;  at  Qldfield.  no  ;  at 
St.  Alban's,  204  ;  at  The  Woodlands, 
Streatham,  361  ;  of  Australia,  107  ;  in 
British  Guiana,  78,  103 ;  at  Mr.  Bull's. 
617  ;  at  Mr.  Williams'  nursery,  682  ; 
at  F>nke  House,  Cheltenham,  654  ;  in 
England,  654 

Orchids,  cool-house,  435,  755 

Orchids,  diseased,  725 

Orchids,  exhibiting.  85,  121 

Orchids  for  amateurs,  10,  104,  167,  214, 
265,  294,  430,  750 

Orchids,  galls  on  the  roots  of,  84 

Orchids  on  walls,  654 

Orchids,  seed-vessels  of,  332 

Orchids,  spots  on,  794 

Orchids,  terrestrial,  of  South  Africa,  135, 
331.  308,  331,  402;  their  insect  friends 
and  foes,  103 

Orchids  vitality  of,  654 

Ornamental  and  shelter  fences,  587 

Ornamental  berry-bearing  plants.  747 

Osterley  Park,  261 

Ourisia  coccinea,  262 

Outdoor  Tomatos,  470 

Ovum  in  ovo,  561 


Packing  Grapes,  369  ;  Peaches  for  tran- 
sit, 105 

Palms,  garden,  362,  394,  586,  748  ;  for 
indoor  decoration,  402 

Palm,  a  hybrid,  689  ;  labels.  Talipot,  364  ; 
the  Date,  an 

Paterson,  Dr.,  testimonial  to.  784 

Pancratium  fragrans,  463 

Pansies,  375 

Papa  del  oso  Potato,  625 

Papaver  umbrosum,  113 

Paper,  wood  for,  407 

Paradise  stock,  506 

Parallels  of  Peardom,  519 

Parmeria  Balsam,  813 

Paronychia  argentea,  659 

Passiflora,  fertilisation  of,  i8r  ;  P.  tcetida, 
181  ;  P.  quadrangularis,  fruiting  of, 
2i6  ;  P.  violacea,  626  ;  P.  kermesina, 
625 

Passion-flowers,  120  ;  hybrid,  42,  150 

Past  season,  the,  791 

Path,  a  firm,  150 

Peaches,  463  ;  and  Grapes  at  Manresa 
House,  Roehampton,  213  ;  at  Port 
Elliott,  Cornwall,  85  ;  %d.  each,  120 

Peaches,  packing  for  transit,  105  ;  two 
crops  of,   561  ;  uncommon  growth  of, 

Peach  Konigin  Olga,  437 

Peach  yellows,  494 

Pea  Ameer,  217  ;  new,  i8i  ;  Veitch's 
Sturdy,  470 

Peas,  exhibition,  216,  247 

Pear  Beurr^  Clairgeau,  665 

Pear  Gilogil,  786 

Pear  and  Apple  Congress,  Scottish,  306 

Pear  blight,  direct  cause  of  the,  586  ; 
Beurr^  de  I'Assomption,  436.  590,  622  ; 
B^urr6  Clairgeau,  590,  632 ;  Beurr^ 
Tocqueray,  622  ;  Ciapp's  Favourite, 
118 

Pear  Conference,  202,  272,  274,  310,  338, 
409,  439.  464.  496.  534.  592 

Pear  culture  in  pots,  493 

Pear  growing  districts,  notes  from,  502 

Pear  leaves  skeletonised,  443 

Pear  notes  from,  Herts,  Worcester,  York- 
shire, 555  ;  from  various  districts,  534 

Pear  raising,  589 

Pear,  root-pruning  of  the,  491,  523 

Pears,  modern,  good,  779 

Pears,  new,  for  market.  779 

Pears  Princess  and  Mary,  665 

Pears,  499,  532  ;  against  walls,  525 

Pears  and  Junipers,  556  ;  and  stocks,  494 

Pears,  early  fruiting  of,  ^90 

Pears,  curious  position  for,  598  ;  flavour 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle,] 


INDEX. 


[Decembt.  i 


in.  333  ;  for  clay  soils,  523  ;  for  market, 
495  ;  lor  small  gardens,  487 
Pears  in  Wilts,  558 
Pears,  pot,  old,  598 
Pears,  pruning  and  training,  489 
Pears,  select  list  of  thirty  sorts,  526,  789  ; 
that  succeed  at  Goodwood,  590  ;  the  un- 
fruitlulness  of,  490  ;  varieties  of,  553 
Peat,  753 

Peculiariiies  of  the  Orobanche,  246 
Pelargoniums,     bedding,    215  ;      choice 

zonal,  120 
Pelargonium  growing  at  Foxhill,   West- 
wood,  119 
Pelargonium,  the,  621 
Penicillum,  sclerotia  of,  305,  625 
Pentstemon,  the,  440 
Peppermint  growing,  475 
Peppermint,  Japanese,  374 
Peradenyia,  Botanic  Garden  at,  107 
Periploca  grsca,  83 
Pernettya  mucronata,  173 
Peruvian  Andes,  flora  ot  the,  625 
Petty  pilfering    at    Dublin,    punishment 

ior,  601 
Petwonh  Park,  494 
Phacelia  campanularia,    112  ;  P.   Parryi, 

530,  716 
Phaius    grandifolius    and    P.    Wallichii, 

seed-vessel  of,  333 
ITialsenopsis    Stuartiana    var.    punctata, 

142 
Pheasants  poisoned  by  fungi,   148,  151, 

181 
Philadelphus,  173 
Phlox,  the,  441 

Phormiura  tenax,  85,  182  ;  and  its  thera- 
peutic value,    411  ;    or   New    Zealand 
Flax,  246  ;  in  Scotland,  150 
Phormium  tenax  variegala,  121 
Phylloxera  in  Greece,  50 
Phylloxera  laws,  434,  625 
Physiograph,  the,  530 
Picea  Engelmanni  and  P.  pungens,  273  ; 

P.  Mormda,  393,  435,  491 
Picea  Pinsapo  coning,  686 
Picotees  and  Carnations,  72 
Picotee  Favourite,  Liddinglon's,  374 
Pine  destroying  fungus,  a,  179 
Pines  in  small  pots  fruiting  at  Dalkeith, 

439 
Pink,  the,  440 

Pinus  albicaulis,  9  ;    P.  Bungeana,  561  ; 
P.  edulis  and  P.  raonophylla,  270  ;    P. 
tuberculala,  786 
Pitciier-plants  and  Orchids  at   Hocking 

Place,  42 
Pittosporum  undulatum,  114 
Pianera  Richardi.  433 
Plans  tree,  Oriental,  the,  787 
Plan  of  suburban  garden,  a,  172 
Piant  Diseases,  Atlas  of,  720 
Plant  growing  at  Bridgen  Place,  119 
Planting,    752  ;    v;inter  stuff,  149 ;   acci- 
dental ef^cLts  of,  375 

Plant     Portraits  :  —  ^chraea     bra- 
ziliensis,    693  ;    Aerides  Leoniei,  562  ; 
Allium  amblyophyllum,  410  ;  A.  gigan- 
teura.  210;  Aloe  Bainesei.  786;  Alpinia? 
puraila,    210  ;     Andromeda    fastigiata, 
787 ;  Anemone  trifolia,  658  ;  Anthurium 
Glaziovii,  369  ;    Arclotis  aureola,  370  ; 
A.  revoluta.   370  ;   Armeria  csespitosa, 
410 ;     Azalea   indica    var.    Harlequin, 
115;    A.    punctulata,    693;    Bilbergia 
Breauteana,    114;    B.    Glaziovii,    693; 
Boronia  heteropliylla  var.  brevipes,  658  ; 
Calanihe  natalensis,  658  ;    Carpenteria 
californica,   410;     Caryopteris   Masta- 
canthus,  530  ;  Chrysophyllum  Cainito, 
691  ;     C.     imperiale,      50;      Clematis 
Davidiana,  530  ;  Corydalis  pallida,  50  ; 
Crocus  3srius,  786;  C.  KoroUcowi,  786; 
Cyclamen    repandum,    115  ;     Cypripe- 
dium     Morganisex,      658;     G.    selli- 
gerum   majusx,    808;    Dactylis    cses- 
pitosa,      410 ;     Delphinium      cashmi- 
rianum   var.    Walkeri,    210 ;    Didynio- 
sperma  nanum,   370;    Epilobium    ob- 
cordaium,    787  ;    Eucharis     Mastersii, 
210 ;      E.     Sanderii    var.     multiflora, 
210 ;     Exacum    afline,    50 ;    Gentiana 
iriflora,      410 ;       Hedychium      ellipii- 
cum,      693  ;      Homalomena     insignis, 
114  ;      Karatas     fulgens,       83  ;      K. 
humilis,    83  ;     K.    Plumieri,    83  ;   K. 
purpurea,     83  ;     Kennedya    Marraty- 
ana,     v^io  ;     Labisia    pothoina,    114  ; 
Lcelia  elegans,    693  ;    Linaria  alpina, 
410 ;      MorKa    Robinsoniana,     115  ; 
Muscari  azureum,  787  ;  M,  Heldrechii, 
787;  Mutisia  decurrens,  693  ;  Narcissus 
pacliybulbos,    50;     N.    poeticus    var. 
billorus,   41Q  ;  Nymph^a  stellata  var. 
xanzibariensis,    658  ;    Passiflora   viola- 
cea,  626  ;    PentstL-mon  Menziesii  var. 
Scoulerii.  370  ;     Phakenopsis  Sander- 
ianum,   808  ;    Phyteuma  humile,  ,410  ; 
Pogonia   pulchella.    786 ;     Polygonum 
sphserostachyum,    638  ;    Primula    arc- 
lotis, 787  ;    P.  Auricula,  370  ;    P.  mi- 
nima,   787  ;    P.   pubescens,  787  ;    P. 
prolifera,    813;     Prunus    triloba   693; 
Ranunculus     Seguieri,    410 ;    Rhaphi- 
thamnus    cyanocarpus,     786  ;      Rho- 


dodendron Dalhousianum,  787  ;  R. 
Dennisoni,  787  ;  R.  javanicumvar. 
tubiflora,  786  ;  R.  Kochh,  337  ;  R.  ni- 
veum  var.  fulva,  50  ;  Rosa  alpina  pyre- 
naica,  115;  Saxifraga  avenoides,  115; 
Sisyrinchiura  filifoliiun,  210  ;  Skimmia 
rubella,  693;  Statice  Bonduelli,  115; 
S.  Thouini,  115:  Toxicophlcea  Thun- 
bergii,  115;  Tristania  conferta,  115: 
Trichocentrum  var.  splendens,  808  ; 
Verbascum  phlomoides,  115  ;  Veronica 
pinguifolia.  787  ;  Vanda  Denisoniana, 
808  ;  V.  saturejoides,  410 

Plants  and  their  culture,  15,  47,  78,  iii, 
143.  175.  207,  239,  271,  303.  367,  399, 
431.  463.  559.  590.  655.  719.  751 

Plants,  feedmg  of,  214  ;  some  tise- 
ful,  757  ;  ornamental,  262  ;  propaga- 
tion of  (see  Propagator)  ;  the  position 
of  certain  stems  in,  24 

Plants,  berry -bearing,  679,  777,  8r5  ; 
Christmas,  775  ;  disease  m,  181  ; 
hardy,  262  ;  in  flower  at  Edge  Hill, 
106  ;  new  certificated,  754  ;  stove,  143, 
761 

Plants,  new,  Descriheij  :— Adiantum 
cuneatum  elegans,  134 ;  A.  Mairesii, 
294  ;  Aerides  Ballantinianum,  19B  ;  A. 
Bernhardianum,  650 ;  A.  Lobbi,  134; 
Aglaonema  acutispathum,  39  ;  Alocasia 
sinuata,  678  ;  Angrzecum  apiculatum, 
456  ;  A.  glonieratum,  678 ;  Anthurium 
flavidum,  651 ;  A.  Veitchi  var.  acumi- 
natum, 651  ;  Aristolochia  elegans, 
301,  339:  Asplenium  CampbeUi,  7; 
Birkena  Vanneriana,  678  ;  Brassia  ele- 
gantula,  616 ;  Calanthecolorans.  360;  C. 
Langei,  679;  Catasetum  gLiucoglossum, 
55-2  ;  C.  medium,  6  ;  CatUeya  Lucieni- 
aiia,    456  ;    C.   porphyrophlebia,    552  ; 

C.  scita,  489  ;  C.  Warscewiczi,  678  ; 
Chlorophytum  rhizomatosum,  230  ; 
Cypripedium  Godefroyce  var.  hemian- 

■  ihina,  70 ;  C.  radissum,  424  ;  Cyrtan- 
thus  hybridus,  391,  776  ;  Dendrobium 
arachnites,  7  ;  D.    Christyanum,  294  ; 

D.  erythropogon,  198  ;  D.  infundi- 
bulum  carneo-pictum,  360  ;  D.  Lowii 
pleiotrichum,  424  ;  D.  parda  - 
linum,  230 ;  D.  parlhenium,  489  ; 
Dicksonia  Laihami,  584  ;  Diplazium 
CampbeUi,  7  ;  Epidendrum  punciu- 
latum.  70  ;  Eria  Kimanni,  712  ;  E. 
lineo^igera,  262  ;  Eucharis  Mastersii, 
210,  722  ;  Govenia  sulphurea,  70 ; 
Hemiphlebium  labiatuin,  7  ;  Hoya 
longifolia  var.  Shepherdii,  616  ;  Lslia 
Canhamiana,  6  ;  L.  elegans  platychila, 
134  ;  Lilium  Browni  viridulum,  134  ; 
Lissochilus  Krebsi  var.  purpurata,  102  ; 
Leptacina  tetraloba,  391  ;  Malvastrum 
GiUiesii,  165  ;  Masdevallia  hierogly- 
phica,  584  ;  M.  senilis,  489  ;  Miltonia 
spectabilis  var.  aspera,  70  ;  Mormodcs 
Dayanum,  552  ;  M.  lu.xatum  puncta- 
tum,  134  ;  Odontoglossura  constrictum 
var.  castaneum,  712  ;  O.  lasve,  165  ; 
O.  macrospilum,  70  ;  Oncidium  calo- 
glossuni,  165  ;  O.  chrysornis,  553  ;  O. 
crocodiliceps,  360  ;  O.  Htibschii,  650  ; 
O.  octhodes,  553  ;  O.  Pescalorei  Ruck- 
eriana,  424  ;  Primulas  from  Yun- 
nan, 712  ;  Saccolabium  giganteum, 
746  ;  Schismatoglottis  pulchra,  361  ; 
S.  Neoguineensis.  776  ;  Sedum  formos- 
anum,  134  ;  Selenipedium  Kaieteurum, 
262  ;  Tenaris  rostrata,  39  ;  Trichocen- 
trum fuscum  var.  Krameri,  198  ; 
Trichomanes  labiatum,  7  ;  Thunia 
Marshalliana  ionophlebia,  70  ;  Vanda 
Denisoniana  var.  hebraica,  39  ;  Zygo- 
petalum  Klabochii,  391  ;  Z.  larainatum, 
70 

Platanus  orientalis,  85 

Plum  St.  Etienne,  187 

Podisoma  juniperi,  556 

Poinseltias,  bracts  falling  from,  792,  S16 

Poleraonium  confertum,  12 

Pollen  pellets,  23 

Polyanthus,  the,  441 

Polygonum  vaccinifolium,  203 

Portea  Kermesina,  690 

Portrait,  Bentham,  the,  466 

Potatos,  273  ;   artificially  coloured,  759; 
earthing  up,  757 

Potato  blooms,  variations  in,  120  ;  crop 
of  1885,  115  ;  crop  in  Middlesex,  the, 
150;  disease,  181  ;  large  seed,  117  ; 
seed  and  economy  ;  407  ;  Exhibition, 
International,  459;  experimcntsat  Chis- 
wick,  656  ;  seed  and  forcing,  f  23  ;  the, 
245  ;  heavy  yield  of  2  lb.  of.  374  ;  hy- 
bridising at  Reading,  528  ;  inlroduction 
into  Germany,  the,  753  ;  origin  of  the 
cultivated,  80  ;  rot  in  Canada,  730 
Presentation  to  Mr.  G.  Smith,  531 
Prices  of  timber,  717 
Primula  amethystina,  712  ;  P.  bella,  712  ; 
P.  bracteata,  712  :  P.  bullata,  712  ;  P. 
calliantha.  712;  P.  cernua,  713;  P. 
Delavayii,  713  ;  P.  dryadifolia,  713  ; 
P.  farinosa,  47,  436,  469  ;  P.  floribunda, 
725  ;  P.  glacialis,  713  ;  P.  pinnalifida, 


713  ;  P.  secuudiflora,  712  ;  P.  septem- 

loba.    712  ;     P.    serraufolia,    712  ;    P. 

sinensis,  double,  24  ;  P.  sinensis,  658 ; 

P.   sonchifolia.  712  ;    P.  spicala,  713  ; 

P.  yunnanensis,  712 
Primula,  monstrous,  a,  596  ;  new  species, 

712 
Proliferous  I*erns.  244 
Proliferation  in  Ferns,  371.  394.  437-  595 
Propagator,   the,  174,  206,  269,  373,  4361 

527,  687 
Prosopis  juliflora,  243 
l^roteaceous  plants  at  Kew,  373 
Provincial  exhibition,  the,  498 
Pruning  and  planting  fruit  trees,  758,  791 
Puccinia    Betonicce,   abnormal   form   of, 

180;  P.   Gentianx',  371  ;  P.  saxilraga- 

rum.  21  ;  P.  vincK,  108 
Pumpkins,  the  King  of,  336 
Pyracantha  as  a  hedge  plant,  273 
Pyramidal  Ivy-leaf  Pelargonium,  685 


Rainfall  at  Gordon  Castle,  469 

Rain-water,  75 

Raising  of  hardy  fruits,  677 

Rating  of  nurseries,  &c.,  155.   183,   498, 

720,  758.  816 
Rare  old  gardening  books,  789 
Ranunculus,    47  ;    R.    Lyalli,    141  ;     the 

Turban,  early  history  of  the.  392 
Raspberry,   Late   Prolific,  408  ;  R.  Lord 

Beaconsfield,  237 
Realism,  305 
Red-spider  on  Vines,  22 
Regel,  Dr.  Von,  293 
Reichardt,  Dr  ,  177 
Rest  and  growth.  420 
Retinosporas,  propagition  of,  527 
Reversible  frames  in  bee-hives,  555 
Reversion  in  Dahlias,  469 
Ribes  multiflomm,  561 
Rhaphiihamnus  cyanocarpus,  436 
Rhinanthus  major,  248 
Rhododendrons    in    dry    soils,    11  ;    for 

market,  53 ;  greenhouse,  686 ;  for  forcing, 

815 
Rhododendron  Kocbi  and  R.  apoanum, 

337  ;  R.  Manglesi  x  ,  48 
Rhodo?tachys  Andiona,  813 
Rhubarb,  Scott's  Monarch,  24 

Rhus  Colinus,  275.  435 

Rcestelia  lacerala,  557 

Roezl,  Benedict.  521 

Root  growing  for  market,  139 

Root  structure,  i7r 

Roots  of  Qiiince  as  stocks  for  Pears,  792 

Rose,  W.  F.  B?nnett,  439 

Rose  blooms,  how  to  preserve,  120 

Rose  catalogue.  50 

Rose,  the  garden.  456 

Rose,  Marechal  Niel,  408 

Rose,  the,  in  1885,  359 

Rose  pruning,  50 

Rose  species,  catalogue  of,  273 

Rose  lube.  Slaughter's,  310 

Rosemary,  692 

Rosery,  the,  212,  236,  302,  404,  621,  666, 
729,  782 

looses,  Dictionnairc  des,  136 

looses  from  eyes,  84 

Roses,  garden,  a  classification  of,  199 

Roses,  mildew  on,  275 

Roses,  Tea  and  Noisette,  621 

Roses,  yellow,  468 

Roses,  striking  from  eyes,  300 

Rowe,  the  late  Mr.  :  an  appeal,  84,  113, 
177 

Royal  Botanic  Institution,  Glasgow,  464 

Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society's 
Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  466 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  committees 
and  judges,  149 

Royal  Horticultural   Society,    208,    272  ; 
First-class  Certificates,  182  ;  certificat- 
ing plants  at  the.  22 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  465 
Royal  Meteorological  Society,  625 
Russia,  vegetable  products  <  ^  698 


Saccolaijium  ampullaceum,  no 

Saccolabium  Blumei,  654 

Safflower,  the  trade  in,  19 

St.  Alban's,  Kent,  5  ;  the  rock  garden  at, 

264 
Salvia  Greggii,  434 
Salisburia  adiantifolia,  S15 
Sarcocephalus  esculentus,  210 
Sarracenia  Drummondi,  83 
Satyrium  carneum.   374,  432,    470.  500, 

562  ;  S.  coriifolium,  243 
Sawbridge worth  fruits,  114 
Saxifraga    pallida,     104  ;    S.    Stracheyii, 

55B 
Schedules  again,  121 
School  children  at  a  flower  show,  82 
Schools  of  horticulture,  168 
Schomburgkia  tibicinis,  585 
Science,  Canadian  Record  of,  176 


SciENriFicCoMMiTTEE:-Amorphophal- 
lus  Hydrosme,  86  ;  Clover  virescent,  86  . 
cones  of  Abies  brachyphylla.  151  ;  Cro- 
cuses, dried  specimens  of.  759  \  ^Jei- 
phinium  fasciated.  759 ;  ^-Ims,  diseased,  ■ 
86  ;  fungoid  diseases  in  fruit  trees.  8^  , 
Odontoglossum  nebulosuni  with  three 
lips,  151  ;  Ox-eye  Daisy,  86  ;  Peach 
blight,  86  ;  Peronospora  pygmiea,  rest- 
ing spores  of,  86  ;  pheasants  pouoned 
by  fungi,  86,  151  ;  P'^ea  pohta,  86  : 
Poppies,  vars.,  86  ;  Potato,  produce  of 
a  large  palmate.  759:  Pol^ios,  results 
of  earthing-up,  at  Chiswick,  759  )  ^^' 
tentilla  reptans  with  uni-  to  septem- 
foliate  leaves,  86  ;  reserve  materia,l  in 
plants  in  relation  to  disease,  759  I  ^^le- 
totia  in  stems  of  Chrysanthemums, 
759 

Scirpus  holoschcEnus  var.  zebrinus,  400 

Sclerotia  of  Penicillum,  305,  625^ 

Scottish  annual  hiring  sysiem,  661 

Scottish  ArboricuUural  Society.  177 1 
Horticultural  Association,  753 :  ^^^" 
teorological  Society,  Journal  of,  68:1 

Sea  Hollies,  597 

Seaside,  trees  and  shrubs  for  the,  779 

Season,  the,  16 

Seed  adulteration,  242.  306  ;  harvest  ot 
1885,  370  ;  pod  on  imported  Orchids, 
470  ;  raising,  282,  297,  328 ;  saving, 
53;  sowing,  216;  sowing,  &c.,  at 
Swanley,  9  ;   vessels  of  Orchids,  332 

Seeds,  vitality  of,  328,  375.  469 

S^edUng  Dahlia  prizes,  274  ;  Potitos  in 
Ireland,  523 

Seedling  fruu  trees,  651 

Scedhngs,  grafting  ol   658 

Senecio  japonicu^,  135  i  S.  Icucopliyllus, 
135  ;  S.  macrophyllus,  135  ;  S.  mari- 
timus,  135 

Shirecliffe  Hall,  Sheffteld,  471 

Shrewsbury  Horticultural  Exhibition,  274 

Shrubs,  hardy  ornamental,  115,  172,  330, 
371;  flowering,  in  Suftblk,  23;  note, 
on.  716 

Shrubberies,  neglect  of,  810 

Silene  acauhs,  651 

Silphium  laciniatum,  267 

Silene  alpestris,  47 
Silos  and  ensilage,  562 
Silverdale  Lodg^,  Orchids  at,  563 
Singer,  Max,  Dutionuairc  des  Roses.  136 
Smill  holdmg.  L-:>rd  Sudely  on,  498 
Smoking  in  the  conservatory  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Saciety,  50 

Societies":— American  Forestry  Con- 
gress, 600;  Ascot,  Sunningdale,  and  dis- 
trict, 664  ;  Atherstone  Plural  and  Hor- 
ticultural, 249  ;  Banbury,  312  ;  Barlow 
Moor  Flower  Show,  218  ;  Bith  Chry- 
santhemum, 663  :  Bith  Rose  Show, 
5!^  ;  Belgian  Horticultural,  402  ;  Bexley 
Heath.  89  ;  Birmingham    Rose   Show, 

121  ;  Birmingham  (Midland  Counties 
Fruit  and  Floral),  697  ;  Braintree  and 
Bocking  Horticultural,  58 ;  Brighton 
and  Sussex,  343  ;  Burton-on-Trent,  697  ; 
Carmarthen  Horticultural.  185  ;  Cheadle 
Horticultural,  277  ;  Cheshunt  Chrysan- 
themum, 664  ;  Chiswick  Horticultural, 

122  ;  Clonmel  Chrysanthemum,  728  ; 
Cray  Valley  and  Sidcup,  90  ;  Crystal 
Palace  Rose  Show.  55  ;  do  Chrysanthe- 
mum, 629  ;  Derby  Horticultural, 
377  ;  Devizes  Chrysanthemum,  696  ; 
Dundee  Horticulturd,  '219  ;  Ealmg 
Acton,  and  Hanwell,  89,  599  ; 
Eastbourne,  248  ;  Edinburgh  Apple 
and  Peir  Congress,  726  ;  Botanical,  24, 
88,  694.  662,  793  ;  Exeter  Apple  and 
Pear  Exhibition;  567;  do.  Horticultural 
281  ;  Glasgow,  346  ;  Grantham,  249  ; 
Han:pslead,  697  ;  Handsworth,  312  ; 
Harpenden,  26,  311;  Hastings  and  St. 
Leonards  Horticultural,  280  ;  High 
Wycombe  Horticultural,  280 ;  Hound 
and  St.  Mary's  (Netley).  154  ;  Hudders- 
fxeld  Chrysanthemum,  664  ;  Hull  Chry- 
santhemum,698;  International  tl'jrlicul- 
tural,  Antwerp.  182,  217  ;  Intern^.tional 
Potato,  Crystal  Palace,  473  ;  Ipswich 
and  East  of  England,  57  ;  Kandy  Agri- 
Honicultural  Exhibition.  26  ;  Kingston 
and  Surbiton,  631  ;  Latimer,  218  ; 
Lambeth  Amateur,  599  ;  Linnean  (see 
Linnean  Society) ;  Liverpool  Horticul- 
tural Association,  184  ;  do.  Chrysanthe- 
mum, 727  ;  Maidenhead  Chrysanthe- 
mum, 663  ;  Manchester  Botanical  and 
Horticultural,  696  ;  Massachusetts' 
Horticultural.  58.  346,  410.  760 ; 
National  Carnation  and  Picotee,  152, 
276  ;  National  Chrysanthemum,  498, 
568,  630,  760  ;  National  Dahlia,  341  ; 
do.  Gooseberry,  249 ;  Rose,  54 ;  £7 ; 
Newbury  Horticultural,  185  ;  New. 
castle-on-Tyne  Horticultural  and  Bo- 
tanical, 153  ;  Northamptonshire,  377  ; 
Northampton  Horticultural,  185  ;  Notts 
Horticultural  and  Botanical,  153  ; 
Oxford  Union  Carnation  and  Picotee, 
186;  Paisley,  345:  Portsmouth,  813; 
Reading    Chrysanthemum,    668  ;    do. 


The  GarJeners*  Chronicle,] 


INDEX. 


vn 


Horticultural.  311  ;  Richmond  Horti- 
cultural, 25,  6^1;  Royal  Cdled^nian 
Horticultural,  88,  376;  Royal  Horti 
cultural,  Sq,  151,2  17,  275,  340,  49S, 
503.  566,  623,  759:  (Chiswick),  £7; 
Sandy  and  district  Horticultural, 
312  ;  Scottish  Arboriculturists,  218; 
d:j.  Horticultural,  219,  312,  474,  753; 
Sevenoaks  Horticultural,  279  ;  Sheffield 
Botanical  and  Horticultural,  122  ;  Shep- 
perton  HorticuUural,  57  ;  Shirley,  Mill- 
brooke,  and  Freemanile,  343  ;  Shrop- 
shire HorticuUural,  279  ;  Smithfield 
Club,  760  ;  Southampton  Horticul- 
tural, 662  ;  Stamford  Horticultural,  153 ; 
Stoke  Newington,  632  ;  Swansea  Chry- 
santhemum, 727  ;  Taunton  Dean  Horti- 
cultural, :i48 ;  Teddington  HorticuUural, 
57  ;  Torquay  Horticultural,  25  ;  Trow- 
bridge Horticultural,  277  ;  Tunbridge 
Wells  HorticuUural,  56  ;  Twickenham 
Horticultural,  25,  695  ;  Warwickshire, 
344;  West  Kent  Chrysanthemum,  663  ; 
Weston-super-Mare  Horticultural,  278  ; 
Winchester  Horticultural,  154,  69^ 

Soil  fertilisers,  553 

Soils,  texture  ot,  121  ;  dry,  Rhododen- 
drons in,  II 

Solanum  Maglia,  622,  62!  ;  S.  trilobatura, 
402  ;  and  Potato  hybridising,  628 

Soldanella  alpina,  456 

Somerley,  441 

Sophora  violacea,  686 

South  African,  terrestrial  Orchids  of,  135, 
331 

Sjulh  Australia,  Botanic  Garden  of  Ade- 
laide, 107 

Sjulhwa'k  Park,  113 

Species,  extinction  of,  23^ 

Spines  in  Cactuses,  uses  uf,  265 

Spir^a  Douglasii,  172 

Spruce  and  Larch  hedge=,  598 

Spruce,  new  species  of,  305 

Stems,  certain,  the  position  of,  in  plants, 
24 

Stephanotis  floribunda  fruit,  8x6 

Stocks  degenerating,  309 

Stonecrops,  263 

Stones  in  trees,  247 

Store  roots  on  bulb:,  216 

Storing  Gladioli,  791 

Stove,  fine-foli;ige  plants,  143  ;  plants  in 
winter,  761 

Strawberry  Grape,  336 

Strawberry  grower,  the  largest,  283 

Strawberry,  the,  302  ;  The  Captain,  7  ; 
Quatre  Saison,  622 

Strawberries,  143  ;  and  Grapes,  abun- 
dance of,  470  ;  where  ihey  come  from, 
4H 

Striking  a  light,  51 

Slrophanthus  dichotonuis,  594 

Slyrax  japonicura,  74:,  780 

Suffolk,  (lo\ve;ing  sh-iibs  in,  23 


Sulphate  of  ammonia,  475 

Sulphide  of  potassium  and  mildew,  39, 

375.  599 
Sumbul,  117 

Summer  Hill,  Pendleton,  724 
Sun,  the,  T14 
Sunflowers,  how  grown  as  a  field   crop, 

602  ;  perennial,  330 
Sunningdale,  647 

Sutton  &  Sons'  Potato  hybridising,  528 
Swanley,  ssed-sowing,  &c.,  at,  9 
Swan,  Mr.  W.,  753  ^ 

Sweet  Chestnut,  a  native  oT  Britain,  337 
Sweet  Pea,  new,  625  ;  Peas  at  Boreaiton 

Park,  150 
Symphytum  asperrimum,  466,  533 


Tacson'ias  dying.  22 

Tfilipot  Palm  labels,  364 

Tamarisk,  173 

Tan,  manurial  uses  of,  83 

Taxed  versus  untaxed  traders,  720,  758 , 

816 
Ta.xus  baccata  fastigiata,  686 
Tea  and  Noisette  Roses,  621 
Tea  from  Jamaica,  146  ;  in  the  Caucasus, 

713  ;  sweet  of  Ssu-ch'uan,  402 
Tea  Roies  in  pots,  782 
Tea  shrub  in  Scotland,  813 
Telpherage,  619 
Tenant's  greenhouse,   is  it  a  building?, 

493 
Ten-week  Stocki  for  mirket,  724 
Thames  Embankment,  trees  on,  69  c 
Thladiantha  dubia,  498 
Thrinax  graminifolia,  140 
Thuia  Lobbi,  534 
Tigridia  grandifiora  alba,  273 
Tillandsia  Lindeni  vera,  693 
Timber,  home-grown,  463  ;  prices,  717 
Tip-ling,  experiments  at,  729 
Tobacco  and  cigar  trade  in  Cuba,  300 
Tomato,  the,   273  ;  Chiswick  Red,  216  ; 

culture,  275  ;  Laxton's  open-air,   340  ; 

N:;  PiUS  Ultra,  120 ;  roots  diseased,  731 
Tomatos,  diseased,  23,  725,  731 
Torreya  cahfornica,  553 
Trachycarpus  Fortunei,  304.  339 
Trade  memorandum,  103 
Trading,  non-rated,  758 
Trained  pyramidal  fruit  trees,  ^3,'^ 
Transpiration  of  plants  und.T  the  rays  ol 

the  solar  spectrum,  752 
Travelling  sixty  years  ago,  j^tij 
Tree  Carnations,  792 
Trees  and  shrubs,  hardy,  115,  815 
Trees  and  shrubs,  237,  435,  636,  815  ;  at 

Lee's  arboretum,  392  ;  for  the  seaside, 

779 


Trees,    shrubs,    and    hardy    flowers    for 

smoky  towns,  659 
Trees  of  the  United  States,  374 
Trepho,  753 

Trespassers  beware !,  658 
Trevarrick,  St.  Austell,  Cornwall.  115 
Trial  and  culture  of  seedling  Potatos,  459 
Trial  of  Peas  at  Chiswick,  106 
Tnbulus  platypteris,  274 
Trichocentrum  maculatum,  714 
Trichoglottis  fasciata,  583 
Trimen,  Dr.,  722 
Tring  Park,  -^7 
Tritomas,  534,  566 

Tropical  fruits  at  Cherkley  Court,  306 
Trop^^olum  tricolorum,  660 
Trowbridge  Horticultural  Society,  658 
Tulips,  a  collection  of,  83 
Turner  Memorial,  the,  176,  216,  306 
Turner  Memorial  prize,  the,  181  ;   Dahlia 

prize,  208,  336,  592 
Turnip-rooted  Mustard,  338 
Tway-blade,  the,  39     ■ 
lying  jllants,  23 


United  States,  treps  of  the,  374 
Urceohna  aurea.  463 
Utricularia  Endresti,  242 


Valerianekla  eriocarpa,  182 

Vanda  ccerulea,  431,  469.  522,  563,  598, 
599,  627,  692  ;  at  Lake  House,  Chel- 
tenham, 683;  at  Petschkiu.  651;  V; 
Denisoniana,  105  ;  V.  Lowii,  50  ;  V. 
Sanderiana,  145 

Vandas,  the  Rosefield,  24 

Vegetable  culture  at  Mobile,  274 

Vegetable  glass-paper,  818 

Vegetable  growing,  150 

Vegetable  Marrow  a  Gourd,  506 

Vegetable  Marrows,  234 

Vegetable  productions  of  Nice,  274  ;  of 
Russia,  698  ;  of  Dalmatia,  651 

Vegetables  in  the  North,  53  ;  large,  119. 
(See  also  under  Market  gardening.) 

Veitch  Memorial  prizes  for  1886.  560 

Vtiich's  nursery,  6S5 

Venus'  Fly-trap,  247 

Verbascum  olympicum,  19 

Verbena,  the,  427 

Veronica  Lyalli,  78 

Vine  diseases,  786 

Vnies,  mealy-bug  on,  23  ;  red-spider  on, 
22 

Violas,  bedding,  247 

Vitality  of  seed;,  328,  469 


Voflesnnsicn  Uber  Bacterien,  625 
Vriesii  hieroglyphica,  690 


Wall  fruit  on  a  wooden  fence,  665 

Warsaw  E>:hibiiion,  301 

Wdshingtonia  robusta,  370 

Watering  plants,  751  ;  in  India,  a  method 
of,  633 

Water  Ram,  75 

Wax  climber,  662 

Weevil,  Baan,  436  ;  grub,  215 

West  Indian  Cedrela,  338 

Weston-super-Mare,  178 

Wheat  crop  of  1885,  the,  467 

Who,  where,  what,  49S 

Wild  plants,  destruction  of  native,  48 

Wilkinson.  Miss,  336 

Wilmington  Square  Garden,  opening  of, 
114 

Winter  and  spring  Lettuces,  182 

Winter,  hothouse  Orchids  in,  755  ;  mild- 
ness of  last,  85 

Wisley  and  the  Graphic,  530  * 

Wistaria  at  Shrubb's  HiU,  Sunningdale, 
369 

Woburn-Abbey,  615,  653 

Woodlands,  why  they  do  not  pay,  313 

Wood,  paper  for,  407 

Wood's  patent  boiler,  '^^'^^ 

Woods,  useful,  in  America,  ']Z2 

Woolhope  Naturalists'  Field  Club,  433, 
504 

Worthing,  Acacias  at,  562 

Wrest  Park,  Bgifordshire,  244 

Wroxton  Abbey,  814 


Xanthosma  robustura,  813 


Ykar,  the,  812 

Yellow  Roses,  468 

York  Gala,  114 

Yucca  and    Cyclamen,    germination  of, 

216;  Y.  filamentosa,  fruiting  of,   598; 

fruiting,  628 


ZEP:-iYRAN'niE3  Candida,  408,  44  ^ 


The  Girdeners'  Chronicle,] 


INDEX. 


[Decemlier  i6,  1885. 


y 


1ST 


OF 


LLUSTRATIONS. 


Abies   brachyphylla,    145  ;    A.    grand!?, 

563.    566  ;     A.    magnifica,    661  ;      A. 

nobilis,    653 ;    A.   nobilis    robusta   {or 

magnifica),  657  ;  A,  Pinsapo,  465 
Adoxa  disease,  21 
Aeranthus  Leonis,  80,  81 
Aerides  Vandarum,  629 
Agaricus     infundibulilormis,     716 ;      A» 

odorus,   620  ;    A.    procerus,    648  ;    A. 

rubescens,   460,  461  ;  A.   trichosporus, 

148 
Aloe  insignis  X  ,  41 
Anemones,  disease  of,  30S 
Apple  attacked  with  Cladosporium  den« 

driticum,  691  ;  diseased,  53 
Apospory  in  Ferns,  781 
Architecture    and    landscape    gardening 

(see  Supplementary  Sheets  for  August  i, 

15,  and  29) 
Aristolochia  elegans,  301 
Aspergillus  glaucus.  564  ;  A.  glaucus  and 

Eurotium  repens,  565 
Aster  Washington  Needle,  692 
Athrotaxis  cupressoides,    273  ;    A.    laxi- 

folia,,  585 


Diseased  bulbs,  149 
Disease  of  Anemones,  308 
Douglas,  David,  173 


Epidendrum  nemorale,  seed-vessel  of, 
332  ;  E.  nocturnum,  seed-vessel  of, 
33= 

Eritrichium  barbigerura,  716 

Eucharis  Mastersii,  731 


Fern,  proliferous,  344 
Foxglove,  pelorla  of,  397 
Fruit-room  at  Messrs.  Bunyard's.  501 


Leaf  miner  insect,  the,  123 

Longleat  (see  Supplementary  Sheet,  De« 

t  cember  la) 

Lycaste  cruenta,  735 


Masdevallia  leontoglossa,  429 
Moth,  Death's-head,  379 
Montserrat,  401 
Mucor  Mucedo,  756 ;  M.  stolonifer,  756 


Narcissus  fly.  339 

Narcissus  stellaris,   975  ;  N.   hispanicus, 
789 


Picea'Morinda,  393 

Pinus  albicauhs,  9  ;   P.  tuberculata,  784. 

785 
Polemonium  confertum,  12 
Primula,  a  monstrous,  596  ;  P.  farinosa, 

437 

Proliferous  Fern.  244 

Puccinia  betonicae,  abnormal  form  of, 
180 ;  P.  gentianse,  372  ;  P.  graminis, 
245;  P.  saxifragarum,  2i;P.  vincae,  108, 


Raspberry,  Lord  Beaconsficld,  ^37 
Rhododendron  Manglesi  x ,  419 
Rockery  at   Battle  Abbey,    433  ;    at  St. 

Alban's  Court,  265 
Rcestelia  lacerata,  556,  557 
Roezl,  Benedict,  521 
Rose  from  an  eye,  300 
Rosa  Hardii,  469  ;  R.  simplicitolia.  46S 


Banyan,  trained,  713 

Battle  Abbey,  rockery  at,  433 

Bean  weevil,  436 

Benthamia  fragifera,  112,  113 

Bobnrt,  Jacob,  209 

Buchan  Hill,  Crawley,  new  houses  at, 


Cattleya  Lawrenceana,  169  ;  roott 
galls  on,  84 

Chamaecladon  metallicum,  749 

ChaniEcrops  Fortunei,  305 

Cherkley  Court  conservatory  (see  Sup- 
plementary Sheet,  November  14) 

Cladosporium  dendriticum,  691 

Cladotrichium  passifloras,  724 

Clematis  Davidiana,  529 

Clip,  patent,  309 

Cocoa-nut  fibre  manufactory.  809 

Combretiim  niicropetalum,  593 

Comparetlia  macroplectron  (fruits  and 
flowers),  365 

Conservatory  at  Bletchley  Park,  233 

Corn  mildew,  245 

Covent  Garden,  new  flower  market,  73, 
7^.  17 


Dendrobium,  root  galls  ( 
Dicksonia  Lathami,  689 


Galls  on  Cattleya  root,  84  :    on   Den- 

drobium  root,  84 
G^ll  on  Poplar,  and  insect,  59 
Gentiana  vema,  373 
Glaring,  shutter-bar  system  of,  313 
Grape  Vine,  out-door,  368 


Helenium  autumnale,  a  monstrous,  tfai 

Heterotoma  lobeHoides,  137 

Honey  glands  on  Cattleya'  20 

Houlletia  odoratissima,  777 

Hoya  Griffithi,  337  ;  H.  longifolia,  617 

Humulus  japonicus,  716 

Hursley  Vicarage,  816 


Insects,  common  garden.  181,  297,  425 


K/^mpferta  ornata,  339 


LaekEN,  houses  at.  17 
LRlia  anccps  harpophylla,  405 


Odontoglossum  Andersonianum,  680  ; 
O.  Andersonianum  var.  lobatum,  681  ; 
O.  coradinei,  200  ;  O.  coronarium,  177  ; 
O.  crispum  guttatum  roseum,  588  ;  O. 
crispum  var.  Stevensi,  589  ;  U.  excel- 
lens,  241  ;  O.  gloriosum,  680 ;  O.  neva- 
dense,  201  ;  O.  Pescatorei,  212  ;  O. 
PoUettianum,  681  ;  O.  polyxanthum, 
201  ;  O.  purpureum,  212  ;  O.  Ruckeri- 
anum,  204  ;  O.  R.  insigne,  748  ;  O. 
triumphans,  205;  O.  Wilckeanum,  205 
Oidium  fructigenum,  52 
Orchids,  seed  vessels  of,  332,  333 


Peach,  unusual  growth  of,  596 

Pea,  Uidium  of  the,  52 

Pear,  cordon  arch,  488  ;  downward  trained 
espalier,  523  ;  espalier  training,  500  ; 
formation  ot  the,  490 ;  Marie  Louise, 
columnar  training,  489  ;  Marie  Louise, 
wall-trained,  496  ;  methods  of  training, 
503  ;  palmette  trained,  497  ;  pyramid, 
500  ;  single  cordon,  532 

Pear  tree  Beurr^  Clairgeau,  492  ;  B. 
Hardy,  532  ;  B.  Superfin,  533';  Emile 
d'Heyst,  532 

Pear  trees  at  Combe  Abbey,  496 

Pear,  horizontal  cordon,  532  ;  renovat- 
ing an  old,  491  ;  upright  cordon,  524 

Pears,  pot  cultiu-e  of,  491  ;  pyramids, 
524.  525 

Pelargonmm,  pyramid  Ivy-leaf.  685 

Penicillum  crustaceum,  268,  269 

Phacelia  Parryii.  716 

Phaius  grandifolius,  seed-vessel  of,  333  ; 
P.  Wallichii,  seed-vessel  of,  333 


Sand-blast,  effect  of  on  tree  trunk,  8 
Schismatoglottis  pulchra,  361 
Sempervivum,  monstrous,  428 
Sharpeners    for    mowing    and    reaping 

machines,  749 
Shrubb's  Hill,  Sunningdale,  Wistaria  at, 

369 
Soldanella  alpina,  459 
Stephanotis  floribunda,  fruit  of,  817 
Styrax  japonicum,  745 
Suburban  garden,  a  plan  of.  172 
Sumbul,  117 


Thrinax  graminifolia,  141 
Torreya  califomica,  563 
Tortrix  angustiorana,  251  ' 
Trachycarpus  Fortunei,  305 


Vanda  Denlsoniana,  105 


W 

Weevil,  the  Bean,  436 

Wistaria  at  Shrubbs  Hill,  Sunningdale 

369 
Wroxton  Abbey    (Supplement,    D«cem. 

ber  26I 


THS 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaljlisijeli  1841. 


No.  6oi.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sSf.Es.}         SATURDAY,  JULY  4.  li 


(Registered  at  the  General  1      Price  5d, 
Postnafficeas  a  Newspaper.  TposT-FREE,  $\d, 


CONTENTS. 


Ado 


,  disc; 


:of., 


Antwerp  Rose  show 
Apiar>',  the 
Arctotis,  the  genus 
Asplenium  Campbelli 
Azaleas 

Barr's  grounds,  Toot 
Bentham  portrait,  thi 
Eletchingly 

Buchan  Hill,  Crawley 
Burmese  Dendrobes 

,,     lacquer 
Calaiuhes   and    their 


njj- 


Candytuft,  Empress 
Catasetum  me  ' 
Cittleya     Mo 


(white 


I  Lisbon  Botanic  Garden  .. 
.,     parks  and  gardens.. 
I  Melon  canker 
Mount  Torlesse,  ascent  of 

I  Orchids 

.,     for  amateurs 
Odontoglossum      crispum 
'      Alexandra: 
'  Pinus  albicaulis     . . 
Plants  and  their  culture  . . 
1  confertuni  . . 


Certificating  plants  at  tl 
Royal  Horticultural  Si 
ciety's  shows 

Cacumbers,  bisexual 

Dendrobium  arachnites  . 

Downingia  pulchella 

Eucalyptus  globulus 

Fairy-rings . . 

Farm  ga'-denlng     .. 

Forestry 

Fruit  culture,  profitable. 


Hardy  fruit  gardei 
Herbaceous  borde 
Honey.glands      01 
tleyas 


Edinburgh  Botanical  . . 
Harpenden  .-  -  - 

Kandy      Agri-Horticul- 

I       Richmond  Horticultural 
Torquay  Horticultural 
Twickenham     Horticul- 

Trichomanes  labiat-iim    . . 

Tying  plants 

Weather 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Ado 


:of  . 


Buchan  Hill.  Crawley,  Ne 
Honey-glands  on  Caitleyas 
Lacken,  Houses  at 
Pinus  albicaulis 
Polemoniura  confertum     . , 


Now  Ready,  in  cloth.  16s. 
"Y^/IE   GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

£       Volume  XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  i88s. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

1  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT.  8t4.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia.  U.S.A.,  towhom  American  Orders  may  be  sent, 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
NATIONAL    ROSE    SOCIETY'S    SHOW,   in   the   Con- 
servatory,   on   TUESDAY,    July    7.     Open  to  Fello*s  of  ihe 
Society  at  Noon.     Visitors  to   Internatioaal  Inventions  Exhibi- 
tion admitted  free  at  i  o'Clock. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
GRAND  ROSE  SHOW,  by  ihi:  National  Rose  Society,  in 
the  Conservatory,  on  TULSDAY,  July  7.      Doors  open  at 
I    o'Cloik        Admission    u  ,    which    includes  entrance  t^   the 
Inlemational  Inventions  Eshibiiion. 


LEE,   BLACKHEATH,  and   LEWISHAM 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

THE        SUMMER        EXHIBITION 

will  be  held  at  "  The  Cedars,"  Lee,  on 

JULY  8  and  9. 

Schedules  and  all  particulars  of 

C.  HELMER,  Secretary. 
5,  Bcones  Road.  Lee,  S.E. 

ROYAL    BOTANICAL    and  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY  or  MANCHESTER, 
The   NATIONAL    ROSE    SOCIETY  S     EXHIBITION 
will  be  held  in  the  above  Society's  Gardens.  Old  Trafford,  on 
SATURDAY.  July  it.  For  Schedules  apply  to  the  undersigned. 

BRUCE  FINDLAY, 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens.  Manchester. 

BOTANICAL      GA  R  D  E  N  S, 
BIKMINGHAM. 
A   ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  at  the  above   Gardens  on 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  July  15  and  16. 
Wednesday's  Show  from  3  to  8  o'clock. 
Thursday's    Show    from    9    to    8    o'Clock. 
Admission  each  day.  \s. 


TXTEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE 

X^  SUMMER  FLOWER  SHOW,  JULY  22  2^  and  24 
VEITCH  MEMORIAL  MEDAL,  and  ^5,  with  ^2  added 
by  the  Society,  as  rst  prize  ;  £s.  ad  ;  ^3.  3d  ;  j^a.  4th  ;  for  6 
Plants  in  bloom,  dissimilar,  open  to  bona  fide  Amateurs  or 
Gentlemen's  Gardeners.      For  Schedules.  &c.,  apply  to 

JAS.  J.  GILLESPIE,  Secretary. 
Cross  House  Chamberf,  Ncwcastle-on-Tyne, 


CARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CALCEO- 
LARIA.  — For  particulars  of  Awards,  see  issue  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  June  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets. 
ij.  (}d.,  IS.  Cd.,  3J.  6d.,  and  51. ,  Post-free. 


CARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CINERARIA. 
—  For  particulars  of  Awards,  sei  issue  of  the  Gardtturs' 
Chronicle  for  Juoe  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,  ij,  bd ^ 
is.td.,  2s.6d.,  and  5s.,  Post-fie\ 


CARTERS,  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H.R.H.  thePrmceof  Wales,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn. 
London.  W  C. 

PR  I M  U  LAS.— PRBUJCXS.— PRIMULAS. 
Sixteenih  year  of  disrnbution. 
WILLIAMS'  SUPERB  STRAIN,  u.  6^.  perdor.,  lor.per  loo. 
CINERARIAS  same  price.     Package  and  carriage  tree  for 
cash  with  order.      The  above  are   strong,  and  fit   lor  pottmg 
into  3-inch  pot? 


JOHNSTEVENS,  The  N 


Coventry. 


H 


YACINTHS,  TULrp.S,   CROCUS,  &c.— 

The  new  Wholesale  Trade  CATALOGUE  is  now  ready 
ill  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
v..  J.  LOMANS.  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem,  Holland. 


Dahlias. 

FRANCIS   R.  KINGHORN  offers   the  fol- 
lowing, in  strong  plants,  in  large  6o's  ; —Juarezi,  White 
Cactus   (Constance),    Fire  King.  Guiding   Star  :    also  the  best 
Single  and  Pompon  kinds,  at  low  prices  to  the  Trade  and  others. 
Sheen  Nuraeries.  Richmond,  Surrey. 


No-v  In  Fall  Bloom. 
EGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 

an  unrivalled  fljtal  dispUy.  Visitors  are  cordially 
vited.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 
Catford  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 

LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

ELWAY'S        MODEL        CINERArTa, 

KEI.WAV'S  MODEL  PRIMULA, 
KELWAYS  MODEL  CALCEOLARIA, 
2f.  dd.  anH  sr.  per  packet. 
KELWAY  AND  SO.M.   Lancport,   Somerset. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13J.  6d. 


B 


K 


CO..  Sea   View    Nu 


r  No 


ch). 


Ha 


Ha 


To  the  Traile  and  Large  Buyers. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  fine  Plants, 
ill  43-pols.     Purchasers'  selection  from  25  choice  varieties 
from  60J.  per  10a.      CUT  ROSKS  sutipli.d  in  large  quantities. 
EDWIN   HILLIER,  1  he  Nur~e.ies.  Winchester. 


Hyacinths  Tulips,  Crocus,  LUles,  &c. 
p     G.  VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 

\J'     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now  ready,    ai.d 
may  be  had  fiee  on  application  to 

R.  SILBERRARD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Garden'. 


Clutched  Fr 


E.C. 


OUR  SPECIAL  ORCHID  LIST,  No.  74,  is 
now  out.  with  List  of  Mr.  Edward  Wallace's  importations. 
OUR  JAPANESE   MAPLES  are  now  in  lull  beauty  :    a    -isit 
of  inspection  is  solicited.     7  wj  Bronze  Medals  have  been 
awarded  us  ft  r  these. 


Now  Ready,  Strong  Plants  of 
T^    V.  RASPAIL,    the    best    winter- flowering 


Scarlet  D.auble  GERANIUM  for  Maiket. 

e,  8j.  per  ico,  £  \  loj,  per  loco.     Packed  and  put  on  ra 

HASLETT.   florist.  Bolney.  Haywa.d's  Heath.  Susi 


A 


Me 


Hellehorus  nlger  (Christmas  Rose). 
RIEMSCHNEIDEK,      Nurseryman, 

Brandenburg-on-Havel,  bv  Berlin,  having  an  immense 
:k  of  these  useful  Plants,  can  offer  them  at  prices,  per  loo  or 
hich  defy  competition.     See  CATALOGUE,  which  may 

\nd  son,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 


ed,  fiee  of 


WANTED,  EUCHARIS,  flowering  Bulbs. 
Sample  and  puce  to 
J.  W.  STEEL  and  CO.,  Olantigh  Nursery,  Chigwell.  Essex. 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covert  Garden,  W.C, 
are    opsn    to    RECEIVE     CONSIGNMENTS    of 
Choice  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHA: 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  REQUIE 
a  quantity  cf  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prici 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.fi 

QUEL  C  H         AND         BAR  N  H  A  I 

giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  i 
1  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


thus 

SQUELCH         AND        BARNHA 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


s 


For  Present  Sowing. 
UTTON'S    FLORISTS'     FLOWER 

SEEDS,  post-free. 


SUTTON'S    CALCEOLARIA.     The  Best. 
"Some  plants  from  your  Calceolaria  seed  took  first  prize 
heie  last  week.     I  never  saw  anything  to  equal  them."— Sir  A. 


.  td.  and  55.  per  Packet,  post-free. 


SUTTON'S    CINERARIA.  The  Bes-t. 

"We  have  a  most  splendid  display  of  Cinerarias  from 
your  strain  ;  as  many  as  345  blooms  on  one  plant,  some  -2%  inches 
across,  aDd  all  perfect  in  shape."~Mr.  J.  Wat 


Pri. 


6d.'and  $s.  per  Packet,  post-free 


SUTTON'S    PRIMULA.  The  Best. 

"  The  strain  of  Primula  you  sent  me  is  the  best  I   hav« 
ever  seen  ;  they  are  beautifully  fringed."— Mr.  S.  Pearce. 
Price,  2J.  6d.,  35.  Cd  ,  and  5^.  per  Packet,  post-free. 


SUTTON'S    BEGONIA.  The  Best. 

"  The  Begonias  are  perfection.  I  have  a  small  conserva- 
tory entirely  filled  with  them,  which  are  the  admiratioa  of  all 
roy  friends."— J.  Darlington,  Esq.,  Netherwood. 

Price,  2j.  (d.  and  51.  per  Packet,  post-free. 


SUTTON'S    GLOXINIA.  The  Best. 

"  Allow  me  to  congratulate  you  on  your  success  in  having 
obtained  suqh  a  splendid  strain  of  Gloxinias.     From  the  packet 
of  seed  I  had  hundreds  of  plants,  which  cannot  be  equalled." — 
Mr.  A.  Smets,  Gardener  to  G.  Taylor,  Esq.,  Stourbridge. 
Price,  2S.  td  and  $s.  per  Packet,  post-free. 

SUTTON  AND  SONS,  Seedsmen,  by  Royal 
Warrants,  to   H.M.  the    Queen,  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  Readini;. 

ELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 

Sinale.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.        KELWAY  and  SON.  Langport.  Somerset. 

"  VE  '  N A R C IS S U S^or  D A F FODIL;'^ 

-L      containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  wuh  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  wiih  many  Woodcuis,    Price  is, 
UARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  G.irden.  W.C. 

U    L   B    S       TO       BE       SOLD 


B 


Double  White    NARCISSUS,   Pheasant's   Eye    NARCIS- 
SUS, and  DAFFODILS.    A  large  Assortment  of  these  superior 
Bulbs  are  olT.^rcd  to  the  Trade  for  the  Season  1885.     Apply  to 
W.  A.    BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Surrey. 


Berlin  LUy  of  the  Valley,  finest  Single  Blooming  Crowns  ; 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  S:c.,  &C. 

ARIEMSCHNEIDER,  Nurseryman, 
•  Brandenburg-on-Havel.  by  Berlin,  Germany,  has  just 
published  his  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  the  above,  which 
may  be  obtained  post-fren  from  his  Agents, 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  ss.  Savage  Gardens, 
London,  E.C. 

Prize  Fancy  and  Show  Pansles. 

JOHN  DOWNIE,  Beechhill  Nurseries,  near 
Edinburgh,  begs  to  intimate  that  his  Stock  of  PANSIES, 
including  the  newest  and  best  in  cultivation,  are  now  in  Full 
Flower,  in  one  section  alone  there  being  at  present  over  30,000 
fully  expanded  blooms.     Inspection  invited. 


rNDIAN    AZALEAS. 


Azalea    Gardens    in    Beleiurr 
CATALOGUE,  gratis,  apply 

EUGENE  VERVAET  DE  VOS,  Indi 
Swynaeide.  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Economise     -^o    per 

lers   to   the  largest  Indian 
r    the    Illustrated    English 


I  Azalea   Nursery, 


L    E. 


PINES        FOR        SA 
A  flee  lot  of  clean  healthy  plants. 
All  good  varieiies. 
J.  H.  GOODACRE.  Elvaston  Castle  Gardens,  Derby. 

East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    and    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
It.,  ^s.6d.,  &  51.  each  colour.    Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 

PR  I  M  U  L  A.  —  Williams    splendid    strain, 
strong  plants,  rr.  dd,  per  dozen,  12J.  per  100. 
CINERARIA.-The  best  si  rain,  is.  per  dozen,  151.  per  100. 
The  GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London.  N. 

10,000  Surplus  Carpet  Bedding  Plants  for  Disposal. 

ALTERNANTHERAS,  4   kinds,  viz.  :— 
Amocna  spectabilis,    magnihca,    Coecilis  amcena,    aurea 
nana,  new  dwarf  from  America,  fine  light  golden  colour ;  price 
41.  per  ico.     No  post-card  or  petsoiial  application  entertained. 
Alio  about  SCO  COLEUS  VERSCHAFFfcLTI.  same  price. 
R.  A.  SMITH,  Head  Gardener,  Catton.  Norwich. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  id.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVeLandSON. 

Strawberry    Growers.     Driffield. 

New  Turnip  Seed. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.   have   to 
offer,    of   crop    r885,    their    chaice    selected   stocks  of 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  iS 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Tuesday  Next. 
ONCIDIU.M  VARICOSUM  ROGERSII. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
aie  iiistiucled  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, al  Iheir  Centr.il  Sale  Rooms,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
July  7,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  very  grand  impor- 
iation  ol  ONCIDIUM  VARICOSUM  ROGERSII,  just  to 
hand,  m  extra  condition.  Its  easy  culture,  and  its  long  golden 
spikes,  make  it  one  of  the  very  finest  Orchids  extant. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
AERIDESLEONI,  fine  specimen  and  extra  variety,  in  flower. 
ORCHID  SPECIES.  In  flower,  very  beautiful. 
MORMODES  LUXATUM  EBURNEUM.  in  bud. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM    POLYXANTHUM,  extra  variety,  in 

flower. 
CATPLEYA  MOSSI/E,  superb  variety,  in  flower. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  the  above 
fine  ORCHIDS,  in  bloon,  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
July  7,  at  half-past  iz  o'clock  precisely.  Also  the  finest  speci- 
men of  MORMODES  LUXATUM  EBURNEUM  in 
existence  ;  very  fine  importations  of  ONCIDIUM  SUPER. 
BIENS,   PAPHINIA  SANDERI.^NA,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wanstead. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 

PLANTS 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Park 
Gates,  Wanstead  (the  residence  of  the  late  Mr.  Alderman 
Finnis),  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  8,  at  J  o'clock  piecisely, 
without  reserve,  a  quantity  of  well-grown  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  ten  line  Orange  Trees,  specimen  Aialeas 
for  exhibiting,  Eucharis  amazonica.  Camellias,  Lapageiia  rosea 
(good    plants),    Rhynchospermums,    Orchids,    and   many  other 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.G.,  and  High  Koad,  Lej  toi.sione,  E. 

Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  iheir 
Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C  ,  on  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  July  10,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  of 
IMPORIED  ORCHIDS  from  Messrs.  shuttlcworth.  Carder 
&  Co.,  in  splendid  conoition,  consisting  of  La:lia  albida,  very 
large  masses,  with  several  hundreds  of  bulbs  ;  Epidendrum 
vitellinum  majus,  Laelia  anceps,  the  very  dark  form,  large 
masses  with  perfect  leaves;  OdontoglorSum  Rossii  majus,  O. 
citrosmum,  O.  crispum  (Alexandise),  the   very  best  type,    and 

Also  from  Mr.  J.  E.  Bonny  a  fine  importation,  in  unusually 
good  condition,  of  SI  UTIC^KIA  STEELII  MAJUS,  ONCI- 
DIUM LANCEANUM,  ZVGOPETALUM  ROSTRATUM, 
lONOPSIS  UTKICULAK01DE3,  CORVANTHES  MAC- 
RANTHA.  PAPHINIA  GKANDIS,&c  ;  a  fine  lot  of  DEN- 
DKOBIUMS,  ONCIDIUMS,  and  oiher  ORCHIDS,  together 
with  300  very  fine  buibs  of  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA. 
On  view  morning  ot  Sale,  and  Catalogues, 


A  large  consignment  of  Mexican  Orchids,  received 

direct  through  a  gentleman  in  I  iverpool,  to  be  sold  without 
reserve,  consisting  of  splendid  masses  of  CATTLEYA 
CITRINA,  L/ELIA  ANCEPS,  LYCASTE  AROMA- 
TICA,  L.  DEPPEI,  EPIDENDRUMS,  CHYSIS 
BRACTESCENS.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  in  the  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and 
68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  lUESDAY,  July  14. 

Eltbam  Park,  Eltham,  Kent. 
IMPORTANT  UrN  RESERVED  SALE  o  a  valuable  COL- 
LECTION of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
ORCHIDS.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Executors  of 
the  late  Thomas  lackson,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by  AUClTON,on 
the  Premises.  Eltham  Park  (fifteen  minutes'  walk  from  Eltham 
Railway  Station),  on  THURSDAY,  July  16,  at  12  oClock  pre- 
cisely, a  valuable  Collection  of  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  many  fine  specimens, 
consisting  of  several  fine  Camellias  and  Azaleas,  Greenhouse 
Rhododendrons,  splendid  examples  of  Eucharis,  Draccenas, 
Crotons,  Cycas  revolula.  Anthunums,  Palms,  Ferns;  an  assort- 
ment of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  amongst  which  are 
several  large  examples  including  Peristeria  elata,  Dendro- 
chilum  filiforme,  Aerides,  and  Dendrobiums  in  variety,  Cattleya 
Skinneri  andC.  speciosissima,  Vanda  tricolor  and  V.insignis,  &.C. 
May  be  viewed  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  of 
Mr.  VVfAKELIN,  the  Head  Gardener,  on  the  Premises,  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Estate  Agents,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 

Notice  ot  Fostpouement  of  Sale. 

NEW  ORCHIDS, 

Angraecum  Leoni,  A.    Scottianum.    A.   fuscatum,   and   other 

valuable  species. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  the  SALE  of  the  above,  advertised 
to  take  place  on  Tuesday  next,  July  7,  is  unavoidably  POST- 
PONED UNTIL  FRIDAY,  JULY   17. 

Thviraday  Next.— (Sale  No.  61,37. ) 
CYPRIPEDIUM       IRAPEANUM. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  onTHURS- 
DAY  NEXT,  July  9,  at  hali-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  healthy 
imported   plants  just    starting   into    growth    of    this  splendid 


Thursday  Next. -(Sale  No.  6937.) 
TREE  and  other  FERNS  from  NEW  ZEALAND. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38  King 
Street.  Covent  Ga.den,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
July  '9,  a  Consignment  of  TREE  FERNS,  TODEAS,  AS- 
PLENIUMS,  &c.,  from  New  Zealand. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  6537.) 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E  ARTHURIANUM, 
and  eleven  other  varieties,  in  one  lot  :    L.1-;LIA  PURPU- 
RATA,  very  fine  importation. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covput  Garden.  W-C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  9.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely. ODOTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR-I  ARTHURI- 
ANUM, in  flower.  This  variety  belongs  to  the  group  which 
comprises  VEITCHIANUM  and  JOHNSONIANUM,  and  IS  a 
grand  thing.  Eleven  other  ALEXANDRAS  will  be  sold  wiih 
the  above  unique  variety  in  one  lot.  Among  the  imported 
ORCHIDS  will  be  found  a  grand  lot  ol  Lalia:  piirpurata, 
and     the     other    importations     are     also     line     and    in     extra 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orclilds  in  Flower. 

MR.  T.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden. 
W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY.  July  15,  and  he  will  be  glad  if 
gentlemen  who  are  desirous  of  entering  plants  for^lhis  Sal* 
please  send  particulars  of  same  1 
NEXT. 


than  THURSDAY 


WANTED  TO  RENT,  AT  ONCE,  about 
an  ACRE  of  LAND,  with  Glass  suitable  for  a  Florist, 
also  a  COTTAGE,  within  12  miles  of  London. 

A.,    Gardinen'  Chronicle    Office,    41,    WiUington    Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


Farnborough.-(Sale  No.  6212 ) 

Five  minutes  from  Aldershot  Camp  Railway  Station. 

Re  Edward  Smith,  deceased. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  with  Possession,  the  NORTH 
CAMP  NURSERY,  nearly  17  Acres,  with  Dwelling- 
house,  Stable,  Can-shed,  and  Greenhouse  standing  thereon. 
May  be  carried  on  as  a  Nursery  or  a  Market  Garden  ;  but  the 
Estate   having  jooo  feet   available   frontage  will  ultimately  be 

valuable  for  building.     Price  ;C'400.  

Apply  to  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS.  67  and 
68,  Cheapside    E.C. 


Nurseryman  and  Florist's  Business. 

TO    BE    SOLD,    a    bargain,    about    ^200. 
Splendid  Shop,  Greenhouses,  Vard,&c.,  including  Stock, 
Plants,  Seeds,  &c. 

Apply,  P.L.  KINGSBURY.  The  ParadeNursery,  I9and2i, 
High  Road,  Lee,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


TO  BE  SOLD,  a  NURSERY  and 
FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  doing  a  profitab'e  returii  of 
between  .^700  and  ZHoo.  Adjoining  busy  railway  station.  8  miles 
frcm  Lonoon.  A  rare  chance  for  business  man.  /550  required 
for  everything.  No  goodwill.  Further  particulars  of 
Mr.  LARN  ER,  Valuer  and  Agent,  67,  Paternoster  Row,  E.C. 


TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  a  FLORIST, 
SEED,  and  NURSERY  BUSINESS,  near  one  of  the 
principal  towns  in  the  South  of  England.  A  first  rate  oppor- 
tunity for  a  practical  gardener. 

For  particulars  apply,   by  letter,   to  Mr.    HENRY   FRY, 
Romsey  Rojd,  Winchester. 


'V'URSERY    GARDENS,   Maidu  Vale,  W. 

-1-^     Half  an  Acre  of  Land,  frontage  125  feet ;  House,  8-rooms, 
and  Shop;    11  Greenhouses,  3  Pits.      Rent  only  Z25.      Lease 
24  years.     Apply  to 
PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  6S,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


GARDENER  and  FLORIST'S.  —  A    good 
Business.  Rising  high-class  neighbourhood.    Price  ^£200, 
including  three  Glasshouses  :  Stock,  terms      21  years. 
Park  Nursery,  London  Road,  Bromley,  Kent. 


To  Florists. 

TO  LET,  a  commanding  NURSERY,  with 
Duelling  House  attached  ;  situated  in  the  main  road. 
West  End  position.  Fitted  up  with  all  the  necessary  Plant. 
Now  doing  an  extensive  Trade.     Long  Lease. 

For  pariiculars  apply  to  Mr.    EAST,  185.  Uxbridge  Road, 
Shepherd's  Bush,  W. 


Southampton —(6209 ) 

About  a  mile  from  this  important  town.— To  Market  Gardeners 

and  Others. 

TO  BE  LET  on  LEASE,  25  Acres  of  Land, 
in  a  high  state   of  cultivation.     Rent.  i;t6o   per  annum. 
Open  to  offer.     Crops  and  Tillages  at  valuation,  unrler  /400. 

Full  particiilais  and  orders  to  view  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE 
AND  MORRIS,  Market  Garden  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C,     Personally  inspected. 


PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Maeket  Garden  and  Estate  Auctionijers  and 
VaI-Uers,  f  7  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C  .  and  at  Leyton- 
stone,  E.       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
businesses  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  fuj 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat,    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 

To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYRE   (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
Its,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


Horticultural  Shows,  Bazaars,  &c. 

PROF.  BOURNE,  the  famous  Ventrilo- 
•  ii-isT,  M.v.iciAN,  and  Humourist  (of  St.  James'  Hall), 
attends  the  above  For  Programme  and  Testimonials,  address 
Prof.  BOURNE,  Hoxton.  London.     Mention  this  paper. 


ROYAL  CALEDONIAN  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY. 
The  GRAND  SUMMER  CO.VIPETITION  and  ROSE 
SHOW  wid  be  held  in  the  Waveiley  Market,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY and  THURSDAY,  July  8  and  9.  Scots  Grey's  Band 
each  day  and  evening.  Admission— Wednesday,  r  to  s.  ti.  : 
5  to  10,  M.  Thursday,  10  to  4,  \s.\  4  to  10  td.  Members' 
Tickets  admit  to  Private  View  at  12  o'Clock.  Tickets- ij.  each 
-to  be  had  at  Wood  &  Co. 's  and  the  Seed  Warehouses  ;  and 
alsoatthe  Offi;eof  the  Society,  iS,  Waverley  Market.  The 
Council  will  pay  the  expenses  of  Growers  who  will  send  Boxes 
ol  Roses  for  Exhibition.        ^y   YOUNG,  Assistant  Secieiary. 

BE  D  FO  R  D     and    B  E  D  F  O  RD  S  H I  RE 
HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 
SECOND  ANNUAL  SHOW  at  Bedford,  JULY  15. 
SPECIAL  PRIZES.     Open  to  all  England. 
48  Cut  Roses,  distinct,  ist  prize,  .£10  ;  2d,  .£5  ;  3d,  ^3. 
24  Cut  Roses,  distinct  (open  to  all  amateurs),   isl  prize,  ^£5  ; 

2d,  ^3;  3l,  ;C2. 
12  Cut  Roses,  dutinct  (open  to  all  amateurs),  1st  prize,  .£1  ; 

2d,  loj.  :  id,  sr. 
Collection    of    Cut  Hardy  Herbaceous  or   Bulbjus   Flowers. 
1st  prize,  Zz  ;   2d,  ;Ci  :  3d,  I-:'!.  ;  4th,  5J. 
Entries  Close,  July  7.      schedules  with  Forms  of  Entry  to  bo 
obtained  of 

Stoneleigh,  Bedford. 


HENRY  TEBBS,  Ho 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE  HORTICUL- 

TURAL and  BOTANICAL  SOCIETY'S  GRAND 
FLOWER  SHOW  and  HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION 
will  be  held  on  THURSD.4Y.  FRIDAY,  and  SATURDAY, 
July  23,  24,  and  25,  in  Mapperley  Park,  Nottingham.  ONE 
HUNDRED  and  FIFTY  POUNDS  and  numerous  Sptcial 
PRIZES  will  be  given.  Schedules  and  all  information  may  be 
obtained  on  application  to 

E.  STEWARD,  Hon.  Secretary. 
2.  Exchange  Row,  Nottingham. 

HIGHLAND       and       AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
FOUR  HUNDRED    POUND    PRIZE.— A   Prize  of  the 
above  amount  is  offered  for  the  discovery  1  f  the  most   practical 
and  satisfactory  Method  of  Utilising  the  URINE  OF  HOUSE- 
FED  ANIMALS.     Full  particulars  can  be  obtained  on  appli- 


TO      THE      TRADE      ONLY. 
CARNATIONS,  splendid  scarlet,  cut,  (,!.  per  100. 
GARDENIAS,  good  blooms.  3s.  per  dozen. 
TUBEROSES.  lorf.  per  dozen. 
Roses,  H.P.'s  and  Teas.  6a'  per  dozen. 
For  cash  only.     Postage  paid  for  orders  over  55. 
MARSHALL   BROS,  and  CO.,    Nurserymen,   Seedsmen, 
ind  Florists,  The  Nurseries.  Barnham,  Bognor. 


The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD  BEACUNSFIELD, 
A  Seedling. 
Finest  Rasberry  and  best  cropper  in  England.  First-class 
Certificate  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Now  to  be  seen  in  full  fruit.  Fruitery  z'^  miles  from  Kintbury 
Station  (G.  W.  R).  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners  are  invited  to 
an  inspection. 

A.  FAULKNOR,  Inkpen,  Hungerford. 

IniGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
-i  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2i-.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,   Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

SPECIAL  OFFER 

OF  GOOD  PLANTS. 
PALMS,  specially  hardy  grown,  Latania  botbonica  and 
Seaforthia  elegans.  20  inches  high,  I2r.  per  dozen,  80J.  per  100  ; 
Adianium  cuneatum,  c;-inch  pots,  good  specimens,  91.  per 
dozen,  6or.  per  100;  strong  plants,  out  of  thumbs,  35.  per 
dozen,  r8r.  per  io>.  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA,  s-inch 
pots,  good  plants,  181.  per  dozen  ;  small  plants,  41.  per  dozen, 
30J  per  100.  All  strong  healthy  plants. 
The  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Siamford  Hill.  London,  N 


Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  in  Spring. 

r>OEMER'S   Superb  Prize  PANSY    SEED. 
V  The  best  Pansy  Seed  ir  the  World. 

FANCY  VARIETIES,  saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  roi.  per  ounce,  dd.  per  packet. 
SHOW  VARIETIES,   saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed.  Si.  per  ounce,  dd.  per  packet. 
FANCY  and  SHOW  VARIETIES,  fine,  mixed,  31.  per  ounce, 

3'/.  per  packet. 
ASSORTMENT  of  18  splendid  distinct  varieties,  containing 

each  I  packet,  35. 
CAREFULLY  Sr.VED  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers, 

of  all  varieties,  splendid,   mixed,  highly  recommended, 

is.  6d.  per  1000  seeds,  6r/.  per  packet. 
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED   SHOW  VARIETIES,   new  and 

distinct,  flowers  up  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  sr.  per  looo 

seeds,  ir.  per  packet.     My  Pansy  gained  the  Fir;t  Prize 

at  the  Exhibition  at  Berlin,  1884. 
GIGANTIC     FLOWERS,      FANCY    VARIETIES,     very 

choice  collection,   10s.  per  1000  seeds,  is.  fid.  per  packet. 

Awarded  First  Prize  Berlin  Exhibition,  r884. 
For  Separate  Sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  forwarded  Post-free 

FRED.  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 

Roses,  &c. 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON  invite  inspection  of 
their  COLLECTION  of  ROSES,  which  is  now  in 
First  Bloom,  and  will  continue  blooming  throughout  the  summer 
and  autumn.  The  collection  is  this  year  rich  in  novelties.  The 
Ornamental  Trees,  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Fruit  Trees  are  aUo 

"wM°PAUL  AND  SON,  Paul's  Nurseries,  Waltbam  Cross, 
adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway. 

RICHARD  WALKER  can  supply  the  follow- 
ing,  for  cash,  all  from  the  very  best  stock  ;-Veitch's 
Giant  CAULIFLOWER  PLANTS,  6s.  per  rooo;  Knight's  Pro- 
tecting While  BROCCOLI.  41.  per  loco  ;  Sprouting  BROC- 
COLI. Brussels  SPROUTS,  Drumhead  SAVOY,  and  Scotch 
KALE,  all  at  2s.  td.  per  1000 ;  Solid  Red  CELERY  PLANTS, 
6s.  per  1000.— Market  Gardens,  Biggleswade,  Beds. 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


By  Special  Warrant. 
"Superb  SEEDS  for  PRKSENI'  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  Strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
II.  id  ,  sj,  bd.,  35.  6d..  and  is.  each.  Double  German  WALL- 
FLOWER, superb  strain,  is.  per  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
Dark  Bloodred  WALLFLOWER,  bd.  and  ii.  per  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "  Sprina  Gardening," 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  lor  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  and  Post  free.  Seeds  and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES      DICKSON     and     SONS, 

108,    EASTGATE    STKEET,    CHESTER. 

HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  HiUegoni,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBORG  Bkos.),  bcgs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  for  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  protection  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  m^ny  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LIbTS  othis  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  free  on  demand. 

To  the  Trade  —Roses  In  Pots. 
ARAWAY        AND       CO.        offer:— 

WHITE  PET,  full  of  flower,  in  43-pots,  8j.  per  dozen, 

SOI.  per  100. 

Tea  Rosea. 

DEVONIENSIS 
ETOILE  DE  LYON 
FIANCAILLES  DE  LA  PRINCESSE 
STEPHANIE 


G 


All 


HOMERE 
MDME.  CHARLES 

,.     FALCOT 
MARfiCHAL  NIEL 
NIPHETOS 
SUNSET 

GRACE  DARLING 
NEW  H.  P.  ROSES  of  1885,  our 
CARAWAY  AND  CO.,  Durdhair 


ol. 


CHEAP    BEDDING,  &c.,  PLANTS. 
All  out  of  Single  Pots. 

Mesembryanthemum  variegatum,  Stellaria  graminea  aurea, 
Echevena  secunda  glauca,  Mimulus  Harrisoni,  Coleus  Vers- 
chalfeltii.  Iresine,  Heliotropes.  Lobelias  (blue  and  white). 
Calceolarias  (yellow  or  dark),  Dactylis  elegantissima,  11.  id, 
per  dozen,  101.  per  roo. 

Dells  Beet,  Perilla,  Sedum  lydium  and  S.  glaucum,  Ager- 
atums,  II.  per  dozen,  61.  per  100. 

Centaurea  ragusina,  Kleinia  repens,  SantoUna  incana, 
21.  id.  per  dozen,  181.  per  100. 

Golden  Pyrethrum,  41.  per  100. 

Primula  sinensis,  splendid  strain,  11.  id.  perdoz.,  101.  per  100. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Ol.  field  Nursery,  Alirineham. 
To  the  Trade  only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurseymen, 
•  Sbedsmen,  and  Flokists,  Haarlem.  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No.  379A)  of  Dutch  Flower  Roots  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  T  uberous-rooted  Plantsfor  1885-86,  is 
Dowieady.  and  may  be  had  free  on  pre  paid  application  by  Nursery- 
men, Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extract  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
Svo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specialty.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
are  considerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  inferior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  \merica,  are  publi-^hed. 

Orchids— Orchids. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  beg  to  announce 
the  arrival  of  a  fine  con>iinment  of  EAST  INDIAN 
ORCHIDS,  including  a  grand  lot  of  DENDROBIUM 
BEN  SON  I,  and  many  other  fine  varieties.  Full  particulars 
on  application  to 

The  COMPANY.  The  Vineyard,  Garston. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH   BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaijer 
rate  the  same  quality  and  get  thtm  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS.  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.? 
Established  since  1S56.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
af  plication.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  the  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 


B      L 


NEW         D      0      U 
BOUVARDIAS. 

SANG  LORATNE,  a  free  flowering  variety,  producing  fine 
corymbs  of  large  double  flowers  of  a  bright  vermilion  colour. 

TRIOMPHE  DE  NANCY,  a  floriferous  variety,  with  well 
formed  doiiffle  flowers  of  orange-salpion  colour. 

V.  LBMOINE,  line  imbricated,  double,  firey  scarlet  flowers, 
produced  in  large  corymbs  in  I  he  finest  manner. 

H.  B.  MAY.  ofl-ers  established  plants  of  these  splendid 
varieties  at  21.  6lj^.  each,  or  the  set  of  three  for  61.,  cash  with 
order.         Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 


U      SHEPPERSON, 

O.     House.  Belper.  Derbvshirt 

of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  :— 

PRIMULAS  !     PRIMULAS  ' 

premier  prize  strain  of  the  fiQi 


Florist,    Prospect 

begs  to  offer  the  followicg, 


,  Cati 


i  Pl^' 


Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve.  S:c, 

beautifully    (ringed    ll 

li.  31/.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  ij.  6(?!.  all  fi 

CINERARIAS  !  CINERARIAS  !  !  CINERARIAS  !  ' 
— Bull's  celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf  compact  habit,  and  masi 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
\s.  "^d.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  15.  6(/, ,  all  free. 

CYCLAMEN!  CYCLAMEN  I  I  CYCLAMEN  GIGAN- 
TEUM  !  !  !— Grand  prize  strain,  warranted.  All  the  finest  ne« 
colours.     \s  6a'.,  free  ;  extra  strong,  2^.,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper; 
Derbyshire. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

*' The  hardy  floweringplant  of  theseason."      "  Certi- 
ficated utianimously." 

See  Gardeners  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883. 

Ncnu  being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.  and  10s.  6d.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 

CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.-Too  well  known  to  require 
Q.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
•.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
'  per  cake;  free  by  Parcel  Poit,  is. 
None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
;es  and  printed  cultural  directions 
closed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
limited).  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
erchants.  Highgate  Nurseries.  N. 


?»^ 


y:ked//'^r^A^u^ 


C 


Rape  Seed. 

ENGLISH.GROWN  RAPE  SEED  FOR  SOWING. 

HARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.  have   the 

to   cffcr.  of  line   qualiiv.     Sample  and  puce  on 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 

A     NEW     GREENHOUSE     FERN. 

ADIANTXTM     NEO-CALEDONI.a!. 

This  most  beautiful  Fern,  of  which  illustration  and  description 
may  be  had  on  application,  is  now  being  sent  out  by  us.  It  has 
been  awaided  a  First-class  Certificate  by  the  Rbyal 
Horticultural  Society,  at  South  Kensington  ;  a  Certificate 
of  Merit  by  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  at  Regent's  Paik  :  and 
a  FiEST-cLASs  Certificate  by  the  Royal  Manchester  Horti- 
culiuial  Society  It  is  of  easy  cultivation,  of  free  growth,  and 
is  undoubtedly  a  great  acquisiuon.     Price  lol.  id,  each. 

W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN   NURSEKY,   bALE,    MANCHESTER. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

i,d.  per  bushel ;   too  for  251  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
401,  ;  4  bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  251.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  :  sacks, 
^d.  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  11.  qi.  per  bushel  ;  151.  per  Half 
ton.  lis   per  ton  in  2-bushel  baas,  i,d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ri   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  id-  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

Notice. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  :  newly 
made. — Truck-load  of  i^ons,  201.  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
141.  :  forty,  251.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  toKail.  Cash  with 
orders.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Stieet,  Battersea,  S.W. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES,  as 
supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens.— Fresh  Cocoa-Nut  Fibre 
Refuse,  4  bushel  bags,  11.  each;  30  for  251.  — bags  inclu'^ed. 
Two-Ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail.  251.  Best  Brown  Fibrous  Kent 
Peat,  51.  per  sack  :  5  for  221.  id.  ;  10  for  351.  ;  20  for  601.  Best 
Black  Fibrous  Peat,  41.  id.  p^r  sack  ;  5  for  201.  ;  to  for  301. 
Coarse  Bedford  Sand,  ^s  id.  per  bushel  ;  141.  per  J^  ton  :  251. 
per  ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER,  torf.  per  lb.; 
28  lb.,  211.  :  cwl.,  701.  Second  quality,  -jd.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb.,  161. 
Finest  Tobacco  Cloih,  8rf.  per  lb  ;  28  lb.  'or  181.  Leaf-mould, 
51.  per  sack.  Peat  Mould.  41.  per  sack.  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam, 
31.  per  sack.  Charcoal,  21.  id.  per  bushel.  Bones.  Guano, 
Sphagnum,  &c.  LIST  free  Special  prices  to  the  Trade  for 
cash.  W.  HERBERT  AND  CO., 

Hop   Exchange   Warehouses,    Southwark    Street,  S.E. 
(near  London  Bridge.*. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  H  is.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI  BROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Bids,  tsi. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Hag,  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  221.  id.  ;  to  Bags, 
Bags  included.     Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  101.  id.  per  Bag. 


EPPS'S  SELECTED  PEAT.— Forty  sacks, 
21.  id.  per  sack  ;  30  ditto,  21.  fjd.  ;  20  ditto,  31.  id. 
ro  ditto,  41-  id.  ;  sacks,  id.  each.  In  tiucks  cf  14  cubic  yards, 
III.  per  yard.  For  Rhododendrons  and  common  purposes, 
tji  per  ton,  not  less  than  four  tons  :  sample  sack,  si.  id. 

LOAM,  SAND.  LEAF-MOULD,  SPHAGNUM,  &c. 
See    Special    List,    also    for    the   Trade.       Ringwood,    Hants. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND, 
LONDON,     W.C, 


Please    send    me     "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for _ 
commencing _^,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


1885. 
Months, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :—  12  Months,  £\  y,  \od.;    6  Months,  \\s,  \\d,;    3  Months,  ds.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  Intdia  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £\  6s,  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  ^i  Ss.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London, 
Cheques  should  be  crossed  "DRUMMOND:' 


to  JV.  RICHARDS. 


THE     GAkDENEliS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  4,  1883. 


THE    ONLY    LAWN  MOWER   riTTED    WITH 

DOUBLE  £0C£{>  SOt£  PLAT£ 

,^^,      fNABLINC  THE  CUTTING  PARTS 


Easily  Worked 

Making  the  Lawn  like  Velvet 
.  Does  not  get  out  of  order 


k 


lf 

PR  ICES. 

Tocu 

lOINCKESWIDE,  £3  iO  0  TO  CUnSlUCHES  WIDE, -111    0  0 

To  CUT 

MlUcKclSIS?'      5  IJ  J  T0CUT22IKCK£5WIDE,     8  10  0 

TOCUl 

ISirjCHESWIDE,      C  10   0  To  CUrS-HNCHESWIOE.      9    0  C    j 

Us**^'^  .uUSTRATEQ  LISTS  OF     '=«1C,, 
THESE  UKRiVALLED  MACHINES  POST  FREE 


QF"  AL-L.     S  I  Z  El  S 


«EX:StmNK5WS0i 

?,c;DENS  IRON  WORKS  ARBRG/VTHv?* 

:'::?(^7;LEADENHAIL  STREET.  LONDON  ;t  :€:?:-; 


A  large  Stock  of  Machinss  of  all  sizes  always  kept 

—  atZ71eadenhall  Street    — ■     , 
f-whert  repairs  can  also  be  executed  —  1 

l/V  S»iALL  LAWM  MOWERS  VT 


ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virein    Cork.    Kami    Mais.     Bamboo     Cane',     Rustic 
V\or^,   Manures.  &c.       Cheatest  prices  of 
TSON  AKD  SCULL    an    I.nwer  Thames?.!..  I.tindon.  F.T. 


G 

WATSON  I 


Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Pre=ervinE  Iionwo.k.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Resistcred  Trtidt  Hark.) 


H 


,VAR\'ISH  IS  an  excellent  subiiituie  (or  oil  paint  o 
all  outdoor  woik,  while  it  is  fully  Iwo-thirds  cheaper.  It  wa 
inlroducf  d  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers.  an< 
i's  geiiuine  good  quality,  notwitbstar.dinga  host  of  unprincipled 
iiu  tat.irs.  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  1 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requires  no  mixini 
t'r  ihinniiiR,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  a 
Windsor  t_aslle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  mm 
of  the    Nobility   and    Gentry,  from  whom  the  mos 


tlai 


Sold  111  Casks  of  al 
It  the  Manufactory, 
-taliun  in  the  Kinsdo 


.  U. 


r  galloi 


'PUrafiM  }Urk,  Juiu-  21,  1876— iir,  I  ha 
fill  warned  from  Chepstow  tn  your  aduress  a  black  % 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as 


pectlully,  Wm.  C. 
CAUTION.— i 
agaiasi 


Cu! 


ad»ei 


the  I 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  mosi 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  cf  thirty  years 
:.nl  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerou 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article 
Kveryca'k  is  legibly  maiked  with  their  name  and  Regislcret 
Trade  Mark  as  above   without  which  none  is  genuine 

Large  Illuslrated  C\TALO(,UE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Fielt 
and  Kntiauce  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Btierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire 
Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E,C    ;  and  196,  St.  Vincen 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF  FRUIT  TREES  AND   ROSES. 


THOMAS  RIVERS  &  SON 

Invite  those  interested  in  the  above  to  visit  their  establishment.  The  Fruit  Houses  for  the 
growth  of  PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  GRAPES,  CHERRIES,  FIGS,  ORANGES,  &c,  are 
now  full  of  Fruit  in  various  stages,  and  will  continue  to  be  of  great  interest  until  the  end  of  September. 

Many  thousands  of  PYRAMID,  BUSH,  and  CORDON  TREES  are  Grown  and  Fruited 
out-of-doors.  A  large  stork  of  the  best  ROSES  will  be  in  flower.  Full  information  will  be  given 
of  our  various  methods  of  cultivation. 

T/ie  Nurseries  are  situa'e  between  the  Hetrlow  and  Saubrid^eivortk  Stations,  Great  Eastetn 
Raiiway,  e.ich  I   tni.'e  distant,  and  convey  ances  nay  be  secured. 


,  Glasgow. 


SAWERIDGEWORTH,  HERTS. 

aoKTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  in  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &0. 


JAMES     BOYD    &    SONS, 

I  HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HE.^TING   ENGI.NliERS, 
I  PAISLEY. 

L0VD3N  OFFICE  :    48,  Pall  Mall,  S  W 


APPAKATUS  lor  WARMINQ  CHUKCHLb    SLHOOLb    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIOBS, 
1  ROOMS    DRYING  BOOMS,  HOTHOUSES    anil  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


Stand  120.— Royal  Show  at  Preston— stand  m. 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 

WHEEL 

BARROWS. 

Horse  Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

Side  Delivery. 


■iOa. 


PRICES  (including  Grass  Box). 

Tin.         E-in.         0-ln.        lo-m.        12111.        14  i  .         16  in.  18  in.         jo-in.         24  in. 

40s.    50s.    60s.    70s.    903     llOs.    ISOs.    1503.    1708.    190a. 


Is  the 

B  E  S  T 
in  the  Ma7-ket 


VIDE 
K  E  S  U  L  T  S 

CONTESTS. 

Side  Delivery. 
£23    £23    Jtao 


Sole   Makers:   JOHN   CROWLEY  &   CO.,   Sheffield. 


11 


la  W'^SSi^: 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS.  MIDDLETON.  MANCHESTER. 

rles 
ofc 
i,d  that  1 

Conservatorlea  and  Winter  Gardens  desii^ied  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  cur  fii 
from  the  smallest  in  ine  largest.     Hot-Water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected    and  success  guiranti 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Saahes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

/•Li:is.  f.itim.itti  and  Cataheues  /rtr.     Customers  -wailed  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 
I  lur  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


D  A   N    I    E   L  S* 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 

GIANT    EARLY    MARROW. 
The  Best  Early  Cabbage  for  General  Use. 


Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FREE  ; 
7s.  6d.  per  pound ;   43.   per  half-pound. 


ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROOCA,  per  packet,  u.  6d. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  ROCCA,  11.  per  ounce,  6s.  per  pound. 
Priced  DescHplive  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Reeds  for  present 
sowiii^,  gratis  and  post-free  to  all  applicants. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

SEED    GROWER.S    and    MERCHANT.'^. 
NORWICH. 


Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 
Bush  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfleld,  N. 

At  the  aboye-Damed  Nurseries  are  culiivated,  in  unusuilly 
large  quantities,  Azaleas,  I!ouvardias,  Camellias,  Climbini; 
Plaiits,  Cyclamen,  Epacris,  Ericas,  Ferns,  Ficus,  Floweiing 
and  Decorative  Plants  in  variety;  Fruit  Trees,  Gardenias. 
Oenistas,  Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety  :  Palms, 
Pelargoniums,  Rhododendrons,  Roses,  Ijhtubs,  Stove  Plants 
in  varietv,  &c. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY.— The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  ir,  it  is  not 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

The  plass  structures  cover  an  area  of  upwards  of  236,000 
supetficial  f^et. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 

cordially  invite  Gentlemen  interested  in  Horticulture  to 
inspect  the  Nurseries. 


R      O 


K 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 
and  Foreign  sorts,  from  iSj.  to  36.f.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  0}t  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

DAFFODILS^OJHE  TRADE 

PRINCEPS,  GRAND  TRUMPETER. 

One  of  the  very  earhest  to  bloom. 

May  he  had  in  large  quantity.    For  park  planting  one  of  the  best. 

4^  Tiuenty  other  good  sorts  to  offer  the  Trtifie,  and 

''Little  Book"  -with   Trade  Fr'tes    post-free. 

WM.    BAYLOR    HARTLAND. 
SEEDSMAN,  &c..    34,  PATRICK   STREET.    CORK. 

PERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

Hundreds  of  Thousands  of 

FERNS    AND    SELAGINELLAS, 

for  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Cultivation,  and  Outdoor  Ferneries. 

ABRIDGED       CATALOGUE 

of  over  \ioo  Species  and  Varieties  free  on  application. 
LARGE    CATALOGUE   (price  Is.),  containing  75  Illustra- 
tions   ol    Fenis   and    Selaginellas,    valuable    "  Hints   on    Fern 
Culture,"  and  other  useful  and  intereBting  information. 


W.     &    J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN  NURSERY,   SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


Appointed  by  Royal  U'.irrant  Afaiers  to 

Her  Majesty  the  Queen  and  His  Kojal  Highness  the 

Prince  of  WaJes. 

GREBN'S 

PATENT 

"  SilensJVIessor"  and  "  Multum  in  Parvo" 

LAWN  MOWERS 


iid'.liey  ha 


ried  off  every 


H.Tve  been  proved  to  be  the  b< 
Prize  in  all  cases  of  competition. 

Every  Lawn  Mower  is  guaranteed  to  give  entire  satisfaction, 
otherwise  they  maybe  returned  AT  ONCE,  free  of  cost  to  the 
Purchaser. 


HAND    MACHINES, 

"Sllens  MesBor  ■  Pattern. 


To  cut  24  in.  wide     . .  /, 
For  Donkey,  Pony  aod  Horse  Machine 


:  List. 


GREEN'S  PATENT 

«'  MDLTTXM  IN  PABVO ' 

HO  WEB. 

Soluble  for  Small  Grass  PlaU. 
t  useful  Machine. 


ea     V  aHjus  ed    is  well  adapted 
ng   bo  de  s    ve  ges    round   flower 
:  handy  serviceable 
1  very  easy  to  work. 

GREEN'S  PATENT 
GRASS    EDGE    CLIPPER. 

Wilh  Chain  and  Wheel  Motion, 
eful  Machme. 

Price,  £1 163. 
Packing  Case,  ar. 


GREEN'S    PATENT 

(No.  24ia 

LAWN    TENNIS 

COURT    MARKER, 

Price  20s. 

Small  Bag  of  Marking  Composi- 
tion. Mat,  and  Packing,  ij.  6d. 


^^^'i^^^^i^0?^^-'^ 


Price  List  free  on  application. 

The  above  Machines  can  be  had  of  all  respectable  Iron- 
mongers and  Seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom,  or  durect  from 
the   Manufacturers, 

THOMAS  GBEEN  &  SON 

(LIMIi  ED). 

SMITHFIELD  IRONWORKS,  LEEDS;  and 

SURREY  WORKS,  BLACKFRIARS  ROAD,  LONDON,  B.E. 

Carriage  paid  to  all  the  Principal  Railway  Stations  in 
the  United  Kingdom. 


(!5ardenerfr  (|Iironicli\ 

SATURDAY,  JULY   4,    1SS5. 


ST.     ALBAN'S. 

NOT  that  town  dominated  by  the  lofty 
square  tower  of  a  Norman  Abbey,  and 
across  which  the  long  nave  seems  to  stretch  like 
a  retaining  wall, nobody  knows  exactly  how  far — 
not  that  town  which  Mr.  Sander  has  rendered 
famous  among  Orchid  lovers,  indeed  not  a 
town  at  all,  not  even  a  village,  is  the  spot 
which  has  supplied  a  te.\t  for  this  note.  St. 
Alban's  Court  is  an  estate  belonging  to 
W.  O.  Hammond,  Esq.,  in  East  Kent, 
somewhere  about  midway  between  Canterbury 
and  Dover.  The  downs  hereabouts  are  bleak 
and  barren,  the  soil  a  mere  skin  above  the 
chalk.  Good  Barley  soil  it  looks  ;  Wheat,  the 
farmers  seem  to  sow  thickly,  as  if  they  thought 
the  haulms  were  not  strong  enough  to  hold 
themselves  up  and  so  required  reciprocal  sup- 
port !  Sainfoin,  with  its  pretty  pink  flowers,  is 
quite  at  home  in  the  district,  and  the  incarnate 
Trefoil  causes  a  field  here  and  there  to  glow 
with  a  depth  of  crimson  that  even  Poppies 
cannot  rival. 

Here  and  there,  too,  are  Hop  gardens,  though 
this  immediate  neighbourhood  is  not  specially 
a  Hop  district — the  soil  is  too  poor.  Not  far 
off,  however,  some  of  the  best  in  England  are 
grown.  The  bines  have  now  got  to  the  top 
of  the  poles,  they  are  trailing  along  the  strings 
stretched  from  pole  to  pole  like  a  child's  cat's- 
cradle,  or  climbing  along  poles  inclined  like 
"  fi.Ned  bayonets,  prepared  to  receive  cavalry," 
which  some  growers  are  now  adopting.  In 
Kent  the  talk  is  of  Hops,  very  hoppy,  and 
so  even  here,  where  Hops  are  few,  we 
were  shown  how  the  bines  were  brown  at 
the  bottom,  and  a  gardener  knows  what  that 
means  as  well  as  a  farmer.  The  Barley  looked 
well,  as  such  a  "  free  and  happy  "  cereal  ought 
to  do,  the  Wheat  just  in  flower  and  so  not  re- 
quiring rain  at  present,  though  to  our  eyes  it 
looked  as  if  it  had  been  rather  stinted  in  the 
matter  of  drink  during  growth.  But  from  now 
onward  but  little  rain  is  wanted  for  the  Wheat, 
a  little  drop  just  to  swellthe  grain,  perhaps,  and 
then  hot  sweltering  sun  to  ripen  the  golden 
corn  and  impart  quality  to  please  the  factors 
in  Canterbury  Market.  Roots— well,  we  did 
not  see  any,  except  some  old  ones  from 
the  pit  that  the  lambs  were  eating  to  supple- 
ment the  too  scanty  herbage.  Clover-hay  was 
lying  about  in  the  fields  ;  meadow-hay  is  a  rare 
commodity  hereabouts,  but  white  Clover,  closely 
cropped  but  full  of  bloom,  was  scenting  the  air 
with  its  rich  perfume.  Peas  and  Potatos,  too, 
looked  promising,  as  they  always  ought  to 
do  if  only  to  preserve  the  alliteration.  Cherry 
orchards  are  not  so  common  hereabouts  as 
higher  up  the  country  between  Faversham  and 
Sittingbourne,  but  still  the  baskets  at  Adisham 
Station  and  the  casual  conversation  of  the 
farmers  as  overheard  on  the  journey  betokened 
that  this  part  of  Kent,  if  not  so  richly  endowed 
as  some  others  with  the  national— of  course 
we  mean  comital  glories — Hops  and  Cherries, 
is  at  least  not  entirely  destitute  of  them, 
while  as  for  the  pretty  women,  which  constitute 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  18 


the  third  and  crowning  glory  of  the  county, 
far,  indeed,  be  it  from  us  as  born  natives  to 
dispute  the  fact  of  their  existence.  If  on  our 
journey  by  Barham  Downs  we  did  not  happen 
to  see  any,  that  was,  of  course,  our  misfortune. 
Neither  did  we  meet  any  of  Dick  Barham's 
acquaintances,  though  we  were  not  far  from  the 
heart  of  the  Ingoldsby  country,  a  district  as 
well  defined  as  that  which  that  prince  of  topo- 
graphers, Walter  Scott,  has  marked  out  in  the 
northern  half  of  the  country. 

Though  the  general  impression  is  one  of 
bleakness  and  w=nt  of  shelter,  yet  there  are 
rounded  masses  of  green  foliage  darkening  into 
black  as  we  saw  it  on  one  of  the  latter  days  of 
June,  and  in  the  distance  are  parks  and  woods 
where  we  know  we  should  find  the  Butterfly 
Orchis,  perhaps  Orchis  fusca  ;  the  wild  Lily 
of  the  Valley,  and,  earlier  in  the  season,  the 
Daffodil.  They  used  to  be  there  in  boyhood's 
days  ;  they  must  surely  be  there  now  ;  but  in- 
exorable fate  forbids  the  happiness  of  going  to 
look.  Down  in  the  hollows,  too,  are  trees  and 
rambling  old  farmhouses,  thatched  barns,  de- 
lightfully pictnral  ;  pigs  lying  sunning  them- 
selves in  the  yards  ;  young  chicks  running  to  see 
if  the  visitor  has  not  something  for  them  to 
eat,  and,  turning  away  with  a  disappointed,  not 
to  say  disgusted,  air,  when  they  find  the 
said  visitor  to  be  for  the  nonce  merely 
a  loafer.  Too  close  to  the  homestead 
are  the  horse-ponds  ;  indeed,  sanitary  reform 
does  not  seem  to  have  made  much  progress  in 
these  parts.  Is  it  not  the  country  ? — and  are 
there  not  sunlight  and  oxygen  enough  on 
Adisham  Downs  to  burn  away  all  impurities, 
and  bid  defiance  to  bacteria — bad  bacteria,  we 
mean,  not  the  beneficent  creatures,  who,  by 
turning  the  insoluble  into  the  soluble,  convert 
the  inert  matter  of  the  soil  into  the  rich  food 
which  plumps  out  the  ears  of  corn.  These 
good  friends  to  the  farmer  work  while  he 
sleeps,  but,  as  a  rule,  we  question  whether  he 
is  more  conscious  by  day  of  the  services  ren- 
dered to  him  by  these,  his  least  but  his  best 
friends.  Down  in  the  "  bottoms  "  hard  by  we 
may  chance  to  pass  one  of  those  mysterious 
bournes — rivulets  which  disappear  in  some 
seasons  and  reappear  in  others.  Littlebourne, 
Patrixbourne,  Bekesbourne,  and  other  villages 
close  at  hand  derive  their  names  from  these 
intermittent  streams. 

But  what  has  all  this  got  to  do  with  St.  AI- 
ban's  ?  This  much,  that  unless  the  reader  can 
form  some  idea  of  the  surrounding  conditions, 
and  of  what  Herbert  Spencer  calls  the  "envi- 
ronment," he  cannot  adequately  appreciate  a 
garden.  With  it  he  can  understand  why  certain 
things  are  not  to  be  found,  while  others  thrive  ; 
with  it  he  can  sympathise  with  the  efforts  of 
the  gardener,  admire  his  success  in  fighting  ad- 
verse conditions  no  less  than  his  skill  in  availing 
himself  of  those  that  are  favourable. 

The  principal  attraction  for  the  gardener  at 
St.  Alban's  Court  is  the  rock  garden.  Were  a 
competent  jury  empanelled  they  would,  we  are 
sure,  without  hesitation  give  it  a  First-class 
Certificate  ncm.  con.  They  would  not  stop  to 
consider  how  it  was  that  blocks  of  Hastings 
Sand,  in  defiance  of  geological  propriety  and 
sequence,  crop  out  above  the  chalk.  At  present 
people  see  no  incongruity  in  such  an  arrange- 
ment, but  as  knowledge  increases,  and  Girton 
and  Newnham  send  out  learned  ladies  to  regu- 
late the  destiny  of  gardens,  we  may  be  sure 
that  anachronisms  of  this  sort  will  in  time  be 
as  much  subjects  of  ridicule  as  was  the  painter 
handed  down  as  a  subject  for  perpetual  laughter 
by  Horace.  It  is  really  worth  consideration 
whether  we  do  not  err  in  attempting  to  imitate 
Nature  closely  rather  than  appropriately.  A 
rockery  which  would  be  appropriate  at  Groom- 
bridge  or  Penshurst,  is  certainly  not  in  keeping 
with  the  "environment"  in  this  part  of  East 
Kent.  The  chalkdowns  of  Kent  with  their  swoop- 
ing combes,  the  landslips  with  their  terraces  and 


plateaux,  the  pell-mell  confusion  of  the  fallen 
masses  by  the  sea,  all  furnish  hints  for  the 
general  construction  of  a  rockery  in  such  a 
district.  But  after  all  a  rockery  is  but  an  arti- 
ficial device  for  a  certain  purpose,  and  as  such, 
it  should,  to  our  thinking,  be  suggestive  rather 
than  directly  imitative.  In  this  particular  rock- 
garden— looked  at  from  a  cultuial  point  of  view 
— the  first  thing  that  struck  us  was  the  absence 
ol  "pockets"  and  niches.  The  rocks  at  St. 
Alban's  have  escarpments  jutting  out  from  the 
vertical  plane,  and  covered  with  luxuriant 
Saxifrages  now  in  full  bloom ;  but  as  a  rule,  they 
do  not  project  above  the  surface — some  do  so 
of  course — but,  for  the  most  part,  the  plants 
seem  to  be  growing  on  the  flat,  hence  at  first  an 
impression  is  given  that  there  can  be  but  little 
depth  of  soil  for  the  plants  to  root  in,  and  that 
consequently  they  must  be  burnt  up  in  summer. 
In  truth,  we  believe  the  rocks  are  tilted  down- 
wards at  a  considerable  angle,  so  that  provision 
is  made  for  depth  of  soil,  while  the  porous 
nature  of  the  sandstone  ensures  a  supply  of 
moisture  which  the  dry  chalk  soil  would  not 
afford. 

The  rock  garden  at  St.  Alban's  occupies  a  dell, 
which  looks  as  if  it  might  have  been  a  disused 
chalk  pit.  It  is  somewhat  oval  in  outline, 
shaded  on  the  north  by  trees  (including  a  fine 
Picea  Menziesii).  The  south  wall  is  of  rocks, 
between  which  are  sinuous  paths,  appropriately 
enough  leading  nowhere  in  particular,  obstructed 
here  and  there  by  a  boulder,  but  allowing  con- 
venient access  to  the  plants,  and,  at  one  end, 
running  up  into  a  little  couloir  lined  with  Ferns, 
among  which  Adiantum  pedatum  proves  hardy. 
At  the  base  of  this  is  a  little  bog,  with  Irises, 
Butomus,  Pinguiculas,  and  such  like.  At  the 
time  of  our  visit  the  most  prominent  plants  were 
the  Saxifrages— fine  masses  of  S.  longifolia  and 
pyrainidalis  jutted  out  from  the  rocks  in 
all  directions  ;  S.  lantoscana  stretched  its 
prostrate  pyramid  of  flowers  over  the  borders. 
Glorious  patches  of  Sempervivum  arach- 
noideum  and  Laggeri  revelled  in  the  chinks, 
reminding  one  of  Zermatt.  More  surprising 
than  this  is  the  profusion  of  Ramondia  pyren- 
aica,  a  plant  which  thrives  here  better  than  we 
have  seen  it  elsewhere.  The  Edelweiss  is  all 
over  the  place,  much  of  it  raised  from  home- 
grown seed.  The  curious  Aphyllanthes  mons- 
peliaca,  with  its  Rush-like  leaves  and  blue 
flowers,  was  in  full  bloom — one  of  the  plants 
which  the  Floral  Committee  would  pass  over, 
while  the  Scientific  Committee  might  properly 
grant  it  a  Botanical  Certificate.  Carpets  of  white 
Tyhmus  corsicus,  blue  Veronicas,  and  creamy 
Dryas,  tufts  of  Cypripedium  spectabile,  clumps 
of  Lilies  (partly  out),  screensof  Sibthorpia  cling- 
ing lovingly  to  the  rocks,  masses  of  Campanulas 
such  as  pulla,  turbinata— let  these  be  taken  as 
samples  of  what  may  be  seen  in  this  very  beauti- 
ful and  refined  rock-garden.  On  endeavouring 
to  analyse  m  what  its  beauty  consists,  we  must 
yield  the  first  point  to  its  construction  (forget- 
ting geological  anachronisms  for  the  moment). 
It  is  striking  without  obtrusiveness,  well  balanced, 
pleasing  to  the  eye.  The  next  point  is  the  care 
and  judgment  that  have  been  exercised  in  th"; 
selection  of  the  plants.  Although  tnere  is  great 
variety  there  is  no  confused  medley.  There  is 
no  straining  after  effect,  by  the  insertion  of 
bold  Yuccas  here  or  Retinosporas  there,  none 
of  those  devices  which  a  less  refined  taste  would 
undoubtedly  have  had  resort  to.  The  garden 
is  devoted  to  alpine  and  low-growing  herbace- 
ous plants.  Other  things  would  be  intruders, 
and  of  the  plants  that  are  admitted,  although 
all  seem  at  home  and  growing  freely,  there  are 
few  signs  of  that  desperate  conflict  for  existence 
that  one  often  sees  in  other  rock-gardens,  where 
the  strong  overpower  the  weak,  and  the  delicate 
and  frail  have  to  give  place  to  the  obtrusive 
and  rapacious.  To  some  extent  this  is  no 
doubt  a  matter  of  careful  planting  and  diligent 
supervision,  but   while    attaching   due  weight 


to  these  requisites  we  incline  to  think 
that  the  success  at  St.  Alban's  is  due  to 
the  great  care  exercised  in  selecting  the  right 
sort  of  plant.  A  meadow,  even  an  alpine 
meadow,  is  one  thing,  a  natural  rock-garden,, 
such  as  one  sees  above  the  level  of  the  alpine 
meadow,  is  another.  Doubtless  there  is  com- 
petition between  plant  and  plant  at  the  higher 
as  at  the  lower  level,  but  it  is  less  intense. 
Some  plants  are  not  unfairly  handicapped,  but 
all  seem  on  more  equal  terms,  and  consequently 
there  is  less  visible  predominance  of  one  over 
another.  Every  one  who  has  botanised  on  the 
Alps  will  see  our  meaning,  and  if  they  have 
the  good  fortune  to  visit  St.  Alban's  they  will, 
we  think,  see  what  has,  consciously  or  uncon- 
sciously, been  the  guiding  principle  in  its  con- 
struction. Another  point.  The  rockery  at  St. 
Alban's  appears  to  us  to  be  a  summer  rockery 
— all  rockeries  are  so  in  a  sense— we  mean 
that  there  seemed  a  deficiency  of  autumn- 
flowering  plants  to  take  the  place  of  those  now 
fast  passing  their  prime.  But  this  is  a  mee 
impression,  perhaps  not  well  founded. 

Elsewhere  is  an  avenue  of  standard  shrubs, 
including  some  one  is  delighted  to  see,  so  great 
is  the  neglect  of  such  things  now-a-days.  Then 
there  is— wonderful  to  relate — a  ribbon  border  ; 
the  cold  season  has  checked  its  radiance  so  far, 
doubtless  it  will  be  resplendent  by-and-bye. 
On  the  lawn  below  the  mansion  (a  handsome 
modern  edifice  in  the  Tudor  style)  is  a  large 
geometric  flower-bed,  not  out  of  place  where  it 
is,  and  doubtless  very  effective  from  the 
windows.  Then,  as  if  to  show  how  well  such 
formal  geometric  gardens  ally  themselves  to  archi- 
tectural lines,  there  is  a  short  "  Nesfield  "  border 
running  along  the  base  of  a  long  narrow  old 
building  with  a  turret  at  one  end— a  charming 
piece  of  architectural  effect  with  which  the  geo-  1 
metric  border  is,  to  our  thinking,  as  much  in  J 
place  as  it  would  be  out  of  place  in  the  rock 
garden.  The  Rose  garden  is  also  formal  ;  it,  too, 
is  encircled  by  mediaeval  buildings  of  stone  and 
red  brick,  and  in  it  are  two  or  three  small 
stoves,  containing  a  small  collection  of  Orchids  : 
but  after  all,  the  charm  of  St.  Alban's  resides  in 
its  rock-garden,  and  that  is  unique. 


^ttJ 


C.VTASETUM  MEDIUM,  k.  j/.- 
A  SMALL-FLOWERED  Catasetum,  with  a  blacUish-red 
peduncle  and  numerous  flowers.  Bracts  yellowish, 
ligulate,  acute.  Sepals  and  tepals  greenish- 
yellow,  with  brown  transverse  bars.  Lip  yellowish, 
with  red  side  lacinise.  Column  yellowish,  with 
purple  spots  at  the  base.  It  is  highly  remarkable,  as  by 
the  singular  callus  under  the  column  it  approaches 
"Myanthus  "  spinosus,  as  well  a?  in  its  fringed  lip, 
its  total  appearance  is  that  of  Catasetum  bicolor, 
color.     I  had  it  from  Mr.  W.  Bull.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

L.'ELIA  Canhamiana,  h.  hyh.  art. 
This  looks  like  an  improved  Lxlia  purpurata.  It 
might  be  mistaken  for  it  inadvertently,  had  it  not  the 
rhomboid  petals  of  Caltleya  Mossi^e  and  the  broad 
undulate  anterior  part  of  the  lip  of  the  same,  and 
those  well  known  diverging  rows  of  oblique  brown 
stripes  on  the  orange  ground  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
lip.  The  anterior  wavy  part  of  the  lip  is  tinted  with 
such  fine  dark  velvet-purple  that  you  may  scarcely  find 
finer  in  the  vegetable  kingdom.  The  margin  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  lip  is  white.  Sepals  and  petals 
lightest  rose,  as  in  the  old  Lselia  purpurata  aurorea. 
Column  white  with  light  green  on  the  sides  and  under 
the  fovea.  Pollinia  unequal,  four  being  much  smaller, 
as  would  appear  to  be  characteristic  in  all  mules  be- 
tween Laelias  and  Cattleyas.  This  Lxlia  is  a  cross 
between  Lojlia  purpurata  and  Catlleya  Mossix'.  The 
plant  is  thirteen  (I  !)  years  old,  which  I  cannot  find 
very  encouraging  for  going  in  for  hybridisation. 
"Flowering  bulb  8  inches  long,  leaf  12  inches  long  by  2\ 
wide,  flower-sheath  5  inches  long  and  ij  wide,  whereas 

"  Catasetum  mcdhtm,  n.  sp.— AfBne  CaUseto  bicolori  ■ 
l.ibello  parvo  conico  saccato  retrorso  limbo  Irifido,  laciniis 
lateralibus  anlrorsis  triangulis  finibriatis,  lacinia  mediana 
lineari  triangula  medio  mrinquc  ligulis  filiformis  quaternis : 
callo  sub  cofumna  biaristata  trifido ;  lamina  mediana  ancipit- 
triangula ;  laciniis  lateralibus  subouadiatis  superne 
H.  G.  Rihb./.  ^ 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


average  length  of  shealh  o(  Ln:lia  purpurata  is  with 
us  (i\  inches,  and  of  Mossise  2.!,  inches."  Those  ate 
the  remarks  of  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  who  wants  the 
plant  named  in  honour  of  Mr.  Canham,  a  very  ardent 
and  assiduous  Orchid  grower  of  the  Royal  Exoiic 
Nursery.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Dendrobium  arachnites,  Rchl>.  , 
This  lovely  gem  has  waited  a  long  time  from  our 
first  knowledge  of  it  up  to  its  flowering  in  England. 
It  came  first  from  my  oldest  English  correspondent, 
Mr.  Stuart  Low,  who  presented  me  with  a  giant  dried 
flower  that  exceeds  in  size  either  of  the  seven  other 
flowers  at  hand.  It  was  sent  by  Mr.  Boxall  in  1S75 
to  Mr.  W.  Bull,  who  sent  me  a  flower  and  an  extract 
from  his  correspondent's  letter,  which  said  the  plant 
was  very  rare.  Lastly,  Mr.  F.  Sander  appeared  very 
pleased  with  Mr.  E.  Rimann,  a  very  ardent  collector 
and  connoisicttr  of  Dendrobia,  for  sending  living 
plants,  dried  flowers,  and  sketches.  The  bulbs  are 
ratheryellowish honey  coloured,  neatlystalked,  perhaps 
not  so  always,  as  Mr.  Rimann's  sketch  does  not 
represent  it.  The  flowers  have  broad,  linear,  blunt 
equal  sepals  and  petals,  and  a  much  broader  lip  of 
different  shape,  sometimes  simply  ligulate,  with 
basilar  angle?,  sometimes  with  a  very  attenuate 
anterior  part.  It  is  convolute.  The  whole  flower 
is  of  a  very  bright  cinnabar-red,  the  veins  of  the  lip 
being  partly  covered  with  a  peculiar  hue.  The 
average  flowers  exceed  i  inch  in  length.  Mr.  Low's 
flower  is  like  the  father,  exceeding  the  present  ones 
by  a  half  length,  Mr.  E.  Kimann  speaks  in  the 
highest  terms  of  it,  and  such  a  pyramid  of  cinnabar 
flowers  as  he  sketched  them  must  be  striking.  Of 
the  leaves  I  know  nothing.  I  was  lately  most  agree- 
ably surprised  to  obtain  a  fine  fresh  bulb,  and  a  very 
good  flower  from  our  Orchid  Croesus,  Mr.  W,  Lee. 
//.  G.  Kchb.  f. 

TrICHOMANES    (HeMII'HLEBIUM)    LAlilATUM, 

Jcnman,  n.  sp. 
Rootstock  finely  thread-like,  dark,  dirty-tomen- 
tose ;  fronds  scattered,  variable  in  shape,  sub- 
orbicular  and  cordate  at  one  or  both  ends,  or  sub- 
ovate  and  narrowed  from  the  middle  each  way,  i^  —  2 
lines  long,  the  broader  ones  as  much  wide,  nearly  or 
quite  sessile  ;  margins  even  and  clothed  wilh  tufts  of 
stellate  hairs  ;  texture  membranous,  dark  green, 
pellucid,  veins  flabellale,  forked,  a  distinct  midrib 
only  in  the  fertile  fronds  ;  sori  confined  to  the  apex, 
usually  I,  rarely  2—4;  involucres  tubular,  free  or 
very  shortly  sunk,  wilh  tufts  of  hair  on  the  margined 
sides;  lips  large,  expanded  and  rounded.  Herb. 
Kew.  British  Guiana,  rare  on  trees  at  Burlica  Grove, 
The  broader  fronds  have  the  solitary  sorus  in  the 
sinus  at  the  top,  as  in  Motleyi,  the  narrower  taper 
from  the  middle  into  it,  as  in  setiferum.  Barren  ones 
are  in  all  cases  rounded  at  the  top.  The  marginal 
tufts  of  hairs  are  strong  and  plentiful  in  young  fronds. 

ASPLENIUM    (DlPLAZlUM)    CaMPBELLI, 

yenman^  n.  sp, 

Rootstocks  small,  erect,  with  a  few,  minute,  pale 
brown,  reticulated  scales  in  the  centre,  which  clothe 
the  base  of  the  stipites,  the  latter  caespitose,  erect, 
dark,  rather  strong,  4—6  inches  long,  fronds  erect, 
composed  of  one  to  two  pair  of  contiguous  lateral 
spreading  pinnce  and  a  similar  usually  slightly  larger 
terminal  one,  which  are  lanceolate-acuminate,  3 — 5 
inches  long,  \\  inch  broad,  more  rounded  than 
cuneate  at  the  constricted  base,  and  shortly  decurrent 
on  the  rachis,  margins  serrated  throughout  with 
blunt  teeth,  texture  thin  but  chartaceous,  copiously 
pellucid,  dotted,  colour  a  pale  yellowish-green,  veins 
spreading  at  a  wide  angle,  once  forked  at  the  base, 
and  usually  again  near  the  margins,  sori  copious, 
straight,  linear,  just  short  of  both  midrid  and  margins, 
all  single  or  few  or  several  double,  involucre  very 
narrow,  even-edged.  Herb.  Kew.  British  and 
Dutch  Guiana,  terrestrial,  but  growing  against  the 
base  of  saplings  in  the  front.  In  young  plants  the 
fronds  are  simple,  but  in  all  conditions  they  are  fully 
fertile.  Dedicated  to  the  late  W.  H.  Campbell,  of 
D erne rata. 


Strawberry  "The  Captain." — This,  one  of 
Mr.  Laxton's  raising,  has  been  lately  sent  to  us  for  an 
opinion  as  to  its  merits.  It  is  a  large  bluntly  conical, 
good-looking  fruit,  having  moderately  prominent 
yellow  seeds.  Colour  crimson,  interiorly  pink,  and 
the  flesh  not  solid  at  the  centre.  The  acidity  reminds 
one  of  the  Elton,  but  is  not  so  marked  as  in  that 
variety. 


INJURIOUS    INSECTS. 

Miss  E.  A.  Ormerod's  eighth  annual  Report  oj 
Observations  of  Injurious  Inscets  and  Common  Kiriii 
Rests  has  recently  been  issued.  As  in  former  years,  the 
report  treats  of  injuries  to  farm  and  garden  crops  of  all 
kinds,  chiefly  from  insect  agency,  though,  however, 
the  deprad^ions  from  the  common  sparrow  come  in 
for  a  full  share  of  consideration.  On  this  subject, 
which  is  one  of  considerable  importance,  and  one 
upon  which  much  misunderstanding  has  arisen,  Miss 
Ormerod  is  careful  to  point  out,  in  advocating  a 
wise  and  careful  diminution  of  the  number  of  birds, 
the  house-sparrow  only  is  intended,  and  the  subject 
should  not  in  any  way  be  mixed  up  wilh  the  con- 
sideration of  other  small  birds.  "  Nobody,"  the 
writer  says,  "  wishes  to  destroy  the  small  birds  broad- 
cast." We  should  suffer  severely  if  their  presence 
generally  was  lessened  ;  for  instance,  there  appears 
to  be  good  reason  for  considering  that  the  insect  pre- 
sence in  1879  was  more  than  usual,  owing  in  part  to 
the  destruction  of  birds  by  the  cold  of  the  preceding 
winter,  and  the  cold  and  wet  spring  affecting  nesting 
and  hatching.  On  this  subject  Miss  Ormerod  quotes 
the  following  note  from  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Agriculture  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  and  Horti- 
cultural Society  of  South  Australia.  He  says:  — "I 
have  been  writing  lately  on  the  sparrow  question,  and 
also  to  the  injury  to  Australian  cultivators  done  by 
imported  pests.  The  sparrows  here  have  driven  olT 
nearly  all  our  insectivorous  birds,  which,  of  course, 
are  small,  and  have  generally  soft  bills  and  a 
timid  nature  ;  but  the  sparrow  will  eat  nothing 
but  seeds  while  seeds  are  available  ;  when 
there  are  no  seeds  they  will  eat  fruit  ;  when 
there  are  no  seeds  or  fruit  they  will  condescend  to 
kitchen  vegetables  (or  zonal  Pelargoniums)  ;  but  if 
none  of  the  foregoing  are  to  be  had,  and  the  dog,  the 
pig,  and  the  cows  cannot  be  robbed,  the  sparrow  will 
stay  his  hunger  with  aphides,  or  soft  grubs,  and  cater- 
pillars." Miss  Ormerod  says  she  has  not  received 
from  any  of  her  correspondents  a  single  trustworthy 
observation  of  sparrows  feeding  regularly  on  insects — 
such  indeed  is  quite  exceptional.  Mr.  Reginald 
Christie,  of  Boynton  Hall,  near  Chelmsford,  says  : 
"All  other  remedies  having  failed,  lam  obliged  to 
poison  them  [the  sparrows].  I  have  examined  the 
contents  of  a  great  many  at  dilferent  times,  and  have 
invariably  found  corn  and  no  insects."  Another 
correspondent,  writing  from  Kingsnorth,  Kent,  says  : 
"As  soon  as  the  grains  of  corn  begin  to  swell  and 
become  milky,  the  sparrows  flock  to  the  fields  and 
commit  such  havoc  as  alone  is  enough  to  make  the 
farmer  demand  their  extermination.  It  is  not  what 
they  eat  so  much  as  what  they  destroy  that  is  so 
annoying." 

Lieut. -Colonel  Russell,  of  Slubbers,  near  Romford, 
who  has  paid  considerable  attention  to  the  habits 
of  the  sparrow,  says,  that  of  fifty  birds  of  all  ages 
killed  one  summer,  the  food  in  their  crops  consisted 
of  corn,  milky,  green,  and  ripe,  and  sometimes  green 
Peas  ;  only  two  small  insects  were  found  in  the  whole 
number. 

Of  the  Tipula  oleracea,  or  Daddy  Longlegs,  Miss 
Ormerod  says,  that  1SS4  has  been  marked  by  severe 
attacks  from  these  grubs.  The  large  number  of  the  flics 
which  had  been  noticeable  in  many  localities  in  the  pre- 
vious autumn  gave  signs  of  what  was  to  be  expected, 
and  the  steady  course  in  which  the  attack  came 
on  is  worth  notice,  as  this  is  one  of  the  kinds 
of  attack  in  which  (unless  measures  are  taken 
to  obviate  it)  the  presence  of  the  injurious  insect 
may  be  pretty  surely  foretold.  Miss.  Ormerod  re- 
ports a  case  which  occurred  at  Stroud  in  Gloucester- 
shire, where  the  larvae  of  a  large  kind  of  Tipula  was 
found  in  the  drinking  water,  and  absolutely  poured 
out  with  the  water  from  the  tea-kettle.  All  the  in- 
habitants of  the  house  had  suffered  from  illness. 
Besides  the  presence  of  the  grubs,  the  water  itself  was 
in  a  very  foul  state.  On  investigation  it  appeared 
that  the  water  supply  had  originally  been  conveyed  by 
pipes  from  a  tank  at  some  distance,  and  at  some  time 
unknown  a  drinking  place  had  been  made  for  cattle 
by  forming  a  pool  across  the  course  of  the  pipes,  taking 
up  a  portion  of  them  so  that  the  water  ran  into  the 
pool  on  one  side  pure  and  clean,  and  out  at  the  other 
dirty  and  defiled.  The  pool  was  noted  as  being  full 
of    duckweed   and    green   slime,    and   was   open   to 


defilement  by  cattle  standing  in  it,  and  the  water  was 
reported  by  the  sanitary  oflicer  as  injurious  to  the  health 
of  those  drinking  it.  A  list  of  the  vaiious  water- 
insects  which  had  been  carried  through  the  pipes,  and 
which  can.e  with  the  drinking  water  on  turning  the 
tap,  was  sent  to  Miss  Ormerod.  They  included  dragon- 
fly grubs,  as  well  as  grubs  of  some  of  the  large  water 
beetles.  On  this  case  Miss  Ormerod  makes  the  follow- 
ing remarks;  —  "  The  above  observation  is  of  service 
in  turning  attention  to  the  need  of  looking  when 
unaccountable  illness  occurs  as  to  what  may  have 
happened  where  supply  pipes  are  open,  even  to 
possibility  of  being  tampered  with,  and  likewise  to 
,  note  that  though  marsh  Daddy  Longlegs  grubs  and 
others  may  do  no  harm  beyond  being  exceedingly 
disgusting  when  appearing  from  a  tea-kettle,  yet  that 
the  foul  mud  that  suits  them,  ar.d  the  dirty  weedy 
water  that  suits  other  larv.-e,  are  some  parents  of  ill- 
ness, and  the  presence  of  the  grubs  is  a  sure  sign  of- 
something  amiss  that  should  be  looked  to  without 
loss  of  time." 

The  entire  report  is  full  of  interesting  matter.  It 
indicates  Miss  Ormerod's  power  for  work,  and  her 
assiduity  in  carrying  out  what  she  puts  her  hand  to. 


THE    JUNE    GARDEN. 

"  Cne  hour  with  thee,  when  burning  June 
Waves  her  red  flag  at  pitch  of  noon." 

June  is  the  most  beautiful  month  in  all  the  year. 
There  is  nothing  like  it.  After  years  of  wavering 
choice  between  autumn  and  the  spring, — which 
might  be  best,  —  the  decision  is  made,  and  the 
question,  in  my  own  mind  at  least,  at  rest  for 
ever,  on  this  green  June  morning.  There  is  no- 
thing else  on  earth  that  ever  can  compare  with 
beautiful,  flowery,  flowerful  June.  The  colour  of 
the  leaves  is  exquisite,  and  as  perfect  is  the  colour 
of  the  shade  they  cast.  After  June  is  past  it  will 
be  dilferent,  since  the  leaves  will  no  longer  then  be 
thinly  half-transparent  ;  but  now  on  this  glorious  1st 
of  June  the  sun  shines  down  upon  the  trees  from  his 
throne  of  cloudless  blue,  and  there  is  no  shade  ;  it  is 
all  green  sunshine  under  the  trees.  The  green,  when 
many-tinted  summer  is  new,  if  not  so  brilliant  as 
autumnal  gold  and  red,  is  yet  sufficiently  various  to 
satisfy  the  eye.  The  olive-green  of  young  Oak, 
and  Poplar,  and  Ash,  contrasts  with  the 
fresher  greens  of  Eim  and  Lime.  I  remember 
an  old  Somersetshire  woman  who  used  to  say  the 
woods  in  June  were  like  a  piece  of  "ladies  em- 
broidery work."  To-day  the  hedgerow  Elms  and 
lines  of  distant  wood  are  lustrous.  No  other  word 
could  give  so  well  this  wonderful  glow  of  June  upon 
the  leaves,  and  only  a  poet  could  have  found  the 
word  !  And  then  when  the  sun  is  down,  and  the 
glowing  trees  are  by  contrast  dim  and  solemn,  and 
the  soft  "  turr,  furring  "  of  the  turtle-doves  in  the 
Thorn  tree  in  the  field  is  hushed,  I  know  that  I  shall 
find  the  white  Irises  more  shining  in  their  polished 
whiteness  than  during  all  the  d.ay,  filling  the  air  with 
perfume.  In  the  garden  we  have  gold  as  rich  as 
October  ever  gave  ;  and  we  have  silver  which  is 
June's  alone.  Laburnums  rain  gold  above  the 
golden  Broom,  and  intermix  with  silvern  heaps 
of  White  Thorn  and  silvery  Broom.  And 
v.'hen  did  ever  autumnal-mellowed  Beech,  light  up 
the  yellow  groves  with  velvet  fires  so  softly  red  as  the 
young  shoots  of  Copper  Beech,  which  scatter  now 
their  spray  of  rubies  and  clear  jacinth,  dropping  down 
between  us  and  the  sun?  And  when  did  autumn 
ever  burn  wilh  such  crimsons  as  glow  in  these  scarlet 
double  Thorns,  or  in  the  piled-up  splendours  of  Rhodo- 
dendron, which  now  illuminate  the  woods? 

The  Yews  and  Vewen  hedges  have  put  on  a  new 
face,  and  conceal  all  trace  of  gloom  beneath  young 
leaves  of  russet-gold.  Yet  there  is  regret  and  grief 
this  beautiful  June  morning  !  I  find  myself  quoting 
Wordsworth,  saying  to  myself,  "  There  is  a  change, 
and  I  am  poor  ;  "  for  the  whole  garden  is  all  jubilant 
with  song,  but  the  song  that  is  best  is  not  heard. 
There  is  no  nightingale  this  year.  We  listen  and 
watch  in  vain.  Sometimes  some  thrush  singing  notes 
of  unwonted  fire  and  sweetness  will  for  a  moment 
deceive  the  ear  ;  this  has  happened  once  or  twice. 
But  when  indeed,  the  nightingale  sings,  he  is  never 
mistaken  for  a  thrush.  What,  .alas  !  is  the  mysterious 
cause  of  our  loss  ?  We  are  fain  to  hope  it  may  be  the 
cold  winds  of  May  and  April,  because  there  are  no 
glowworms,  or  because  there  is  so  little  Oak  about 
the  place  (Oak  scrub  must  this  autumn  be  planted 
somewhere).     Anything  is  better  to  believe  than  the 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  18 


ugly  reason  of  bird-stealers.     Whatever  the  reason 

be— 

*'  Such  change,  and  at  the  very  door 
Of  my  fond  heart,  hath  made  me  poor." 

Of  a  winter  garden  it  is  easy  enough  to  write.     But 
in   June — the   garden   in   midsummer  !     Out  of  the 
fulness  of  it  how  is  choice  to  be  made  of  one  sweet 
flower  for  praise  more  than  another  ?     It  is  a  world 
of   surpassing   beauty.      This   morning,   in    the   still 
shade  of  a  south  window,  one  small  petal  dropped 
upon  the  window-sill  from  a  flowery  branch  of  Coto- 
neaster  (Good   Neighbour).     One  is  seldom  present 
just  at   the  very  moment  when  a  petal   falls.     The 
flower  may  wither  or  be  shaken  in  the  wind,  or  fall 
at  a  touch,  and  the   leaves  be  scattered.     But  when 
both  shape  and  colour  are  unchanged,  and  yet  the 
petals  drop  quietly  one  by  one  in  some  profound  calm 
of  a  summer  dawn  or  evening  twilight,  there  is  pathos 
in  it.    The  flower  is  not  dead,  but  her  time  has  come. 
The  flowers  of   the    Cistus   family,    which    are    now 
delighting  us,  quite   literally  have  their  day.     In   the 
morning  there  is  a  mass  of  bloom  ;  at  evening  not  a 
single  flower  remains.     The  sole  trace  left  is  a  pink 
or  white  or  yellow  mosaic,  where  the   falling  petals 
have  showered  down  upon  the  grass  or  gravel.     The 
dift'iculty  is,  to  find  room  enough  for  Cistus.    They 
require  some  bank  or  lengths  of  rock  garden  to  be 
given  up  entirely  to  them.     Then  there  might  be  a 
blaze  of  colour  through  all  the  summer,  in  favour- 
able weather,  for  they  do  not  like  too  much  rain. 
In  proportion   to  the   brief  individual  existence  of 
ihe  Cistus  flowers  are  their  innumerable  buds  ;   and 
they  are  as  coslless  as  they   are    lovely.      A  few 
packets  of  seed  will  stock  a  garden  !     Once  we  had 
the  pink  Riviera  Cistu;  of  the  large  grey-green  leaves 
and  exquisite  flowers  which  light  up  the  hills  and 
dusty  roadsides  like   rosecjlourtd  lamps  alive   in 
broad    daylight  !       Our    plants    perished   in    some 
unusually  severe  frost.    The  white  Cistus,  with  nar- 
rower, more  polished,  aromatic  foliage,  is  hardier, 
and  stems  quite  happy  here  in  a  south  aspect.     We 
have  but  one  old  Gum  Cistus,  as  fragile,  and  more 
wundrously  beautiful  than  all  the  rest.      How  the 
fulJs  and  crumples  in  the  satin   of  her  ample  petal 
do  but  enhance  its  beauty  !   It  grows  on  the  lawn  at 
the  foot  ol  a  Noisette  Rose  that  now  envelopes  the 
hare   stem  of   a    dead    Weeping  Ash.     The   Rose 
climbed  up  to  the  top  of  the  tree  and  falls  over  in 
a  great  luxuriance  of   flower  and  leaf  and   thorn. 
Within  the   thorniest    heart    of   this  thorny    Rose- 
thicket    a    thru,h   has  her   nest.       I    think,   in  her 
wisdom,  she  this  time  made  it  ju  t  a  little  too  safe. 
The  young  thrushes  sit  lull   fledged  in  the  nest;  I 
think  they  dare  not  tempt  the  thorns. 

As  we  pass  through  the  south  porch  the  martin 
from    her   mud  hut  over  the  door  skims  out   in'o 
the  sunshine.     When  she  begins  to  sit  there  will  be 
little  time  lor  these  wide  sweeps  of  flight,  or  to  idle 
upon  the  Rose  arches,  twittering  and  preening  those 
long,  blue-black  wings  of  hers  !     On  either  side  the 
porch  there  grows  a  Lavender  bush  and  a  Rosemary. 
The  Lavender  is  failing,  as  it  did  last  summer.    The 
bud-stalks    look    quite    firm  and    healthy  up  to   a 
certain  point,  and  then  each  head  hangs  down,  and 
in  a  little  while  they  look  withered  and  black — as  if 
they  were  strangled.     **  Some  failure  at  the  root,"  is 
the  gardener's    verdict    for    this   and    many   another 
unpleasantness    in    the   garden.      Is    it    not   mostly 
"  failure  at  the  root  "  in  many  of  our  mistakes  outside 
the   garden?— None   of    the   other    Lavender   plants 
seem  affected  in  the  same   way,  fortunately.     Ferns 
and  a   fine  root  of  Turncap   Lily  grow  at   the  back 
of    the    Lavender,    and    up    the    porch    wall    is    a 
young  Banksia  Rose  climbing  apace,  and  flowering 
for  the  first  time.     It  ought  to  have  been  yellow,  but 
it  has  come  white.      Under  the  Rosemary  is  a  great 
old  conch  shell,  kept   tilled  with  fresh  water  for  the 
birds.     The  narrow  border  that  runs  along  under  the 
Oak-room    window    is    my   trouble    and     my     dear 
delight.     I  hope  nothing  will  ever  lead   me  to  call  it 
a  *'  herbaceous  border  !  "     It  has   become    so   much 
the  fashion  to  call  everything  herbaceous  which  is  not 
"bedding   out,"  that   the   meaning   of  the  word  is 
usually  lost  sight  of,  and  all  kinds  of  woody  perennials 
are,  so  it  seems  to  me,  included  in  the  "herbaceous 
border."     The  phrase  also  seems  to  leave  out  all  the 
poetry  of  the   garden.      Not,   I  think,    more    than  a 
dozen  or  fifteen  years  old,  it  dates  from  the  first  rage 
for  yellow  Calceolarias  and  Pyrethrums  and  the  car- 
petings,  when   "herbaceous"   things  were  admitted 
only  somewhere  out  of  the  way  by  sufferance.     May 
this  be  the  first  and  last  time  I  have  to  write  "  Herba- 


ceous." Under  the  window  a  Cotoneaster  bears  good 
promise  of  its  pink  liliputian  Apple  crop  for  the 
blackbirds  in  October.  And  then  there  is  a  little 
wilderness  of  wood  Strawberries.  They  want  to 
have  it  all  their  own  way  here,  and  mean  to  get  it. 
They  smother  the  Hepaticas,  and  choke  the  Irises, 
and  over-reach  the  turf  verge,  and  then  ground-Ivy 
stretches  along  and  over  the  Strawberries,  and  has 
to  be  quickly  made  an  end  of.  Red  wood-Straw- 
berries are  ripening  for  the  children,  mixed  with  a 
few  of  the  yellow-flowered  Fragaria  indica,  whose 
berry  is  very  handsome,  but  so  acrid  as  to  stay  safe 
enough  on  its  stalk.  Neither  child  nor  bird  would 
taste  a  second  time.  Italians,  with  their  characteristic 
gentle  fun  call  it  "  Inganna  Donne."  Vine  and 
Pomegranate  and  white  French  Honeysuckle,  Cle- 
matis and  Eccremocarpus,  grow  up  in  more  or  less 
of  wild  luxuriance  around  the  window.  The 
Pomegranate  never  yet  has  flowered,  though  her  sister 
plant  (since  dead)  in  another  part  of  the  garden  used 
to  flame  with  blossom.  Were  it  possible  to  decide 
which  to  like  best  of  all  these,  one  or  two  at  least  might 
attain  perfection.  It  ought  perhaps  to  be  the  Pome- 
granate, and  a  clear  place  should  be  made  for  it. 
But  none  of  the  others  can  be  sacrificed  ;  and  indeed 
I  wish  for  a  Pyracantha  and  a  Ceanolhus  (for  its  blue), 


&c.,  to  be  added  ;  then  there  come  the  Belladonna 
Lilies,  which  will  never  flower,  and  a  line  of  stately 
white  Lilies  which  always  bloom  well,  and  just  now 
brilliant  Roses  upon  unpruned  trees,  in  gadding 
wreaths  of  beauty,  stray  above  the  Strawberry 
leaves,  with  a  sullen  glow  of  yellow  and  purple 
Iris  (Darius)  between  the  wreaths.  These  tall 
Iris  defied  the  over-mastering  luxuriance  about  their 
roots,  while  the  beautiful  "Versailles"  was  dis- 
couraged.  There  is  aromatic  Santolina  and  Woodruff 
and  Japan  Anemone,  all  mixed  up,  and  entangled 
with  the  wood  Strawberries,  and  the  border  ends  at  a 
pink  wall  -pink  with  great  hanging  bunches  of  the 
old  China  Rose.  Right  in  front,  indifferent  alike  to 
Strawberries  and  all  the  world,  are  three  Euphorbias. 
Of  their  own  good  will  and  choice  they  grow  up  here. 
It  would  be  cruel  to  uproot  them,  they  stand  so  firm 
and  grand  in  their  placid  self-assertion.  I  do  not 
love  them,  but  they  compel  my  regard.  It  has  been 
remarked  of  them  'hat  they  are  beautiful,  from  the 
decision  of  character  they  display.  From  the  seed 
they  know  how  they  intend  to  grow,  and  they  com- 
plete their  plan.  There  is  the  smooth  firm  stem, 
straight  as  a  line,  in  colour  emerald  washed  with 
amethyst,  and  the  narrow  leaves,  exactly  matched  in 
size,  placed  with  perfect  symmetry  up  the  stem  till 
they  reach  the  four-branched  seed-holders,  proceeding 
like  a  branching  capital  from  the  top  of  the  green  tall 


pillar.  The  seed-holders  on  the  four  branches  sup- 
port leaves  of  another  shape  in  ordered  pairs,  and 
each  pair  guards  a  poisonous-looking  flower  or  seed. 
First  to  last  there  is  not  a  shade  of  indecision  in  the 
mind  of  any  one  of  these  three  tall  Euphorbias 
[Caper  Spurge]. 

The  "Roman  Walk  "in  the  morning,  when  shadows 
fall,    is  almost   picturesque.     There  are   some   large 
clumps  of  Sisyrinchium  striatum  in  profuse  bloom  ;  the 
flower-spikes  and  Iris-like  leaves  are  most  "  showy," 
contrasting  well  with  the  rocks  and  rounded  masses 
of  leaf  and  flower  near  them.     The  little  pale  yellow 
flowers,  taken  singly,  may  seem   rather  insignificant, 
yet  there  is  something  moving  almost,  in  their  religious 
attention  to  the  hour  which  unwritten  laws  have  deter- 
mined ;  for  even  when  gathered  and  kept  in  water  in 
the  house,  at  a  distance  from  the  windows,  they  shut 
up  just  the  same,  punctual  to  a  minute.     Lovely  little 
purple    Linaria    reticulata    (aureo-purpurea)   scatters 
itself,  self-sown,   about  the  ledges,    with   the  sweet, 
sad  coloured     Night     Stock   ;     and    I    am      afraid 
we   tread    heavier   than   need    be   upon    the   Camo- 
mile,   spread    flatly   on    the  stony   walk, — to   make 
it  give  out  all  its   aroma.      The    small    Campanula 
pulla's    deep    purple    bells,    nod    in    crevices    near 
Edelweiss   clothed    in   grey   cottony   bloom.       It    is 
curious  to  see  the  horror  which  an  English  dweller 
in    Switzerland    feels    for    this   throned    queen   of 
alpine    flowers  !      That    Edelweiss,    a    name    we 
pronounce  almost  with  reverence,  should  ever  be 
called    "a   cockney    flower,"   seems    almost    past 
belief.     Vet  so  it  is,  and  I  am  sorry,  for  there  had 
been  a  certain   pride    when   I   thought  our  plants 
were  finer  on  the  height  of  the  rock-garden  than 
in  its  lower  ranges  !    There  is  Mesembryantheinum 
and     painted     Portulaca,    a    coral    Schizostylis,    a 
yellow    Sisyrinchium,     and     the    Stonecrops    are 
coming  into  bloom.      The   Artichoke    rears   itself 
grandly,  almost  like  some  grey-leaved  giant  Fern,  ^ 

on  the  top  ridge  of  rock,  casting  a  great  shadow  \ 

across  the  stones. 

A  broad  border — screened  from  a  stray  bit  of 
kitchen  garden  bya  baltlemented  Arborvitse  hedge 
—  has  been  divided  into  large  squares  of  favourite 
plants.  There  is  a  square  of  Ranunculus,  and 
this  is  a  disappointment.  I  believe  the  flower 
resents  its  removal  from  the  old  place  under  the 
south  wall.  Our  Ranunculus  used  to  be  small  fire- 
balls of  vermilion  and  gold.  Then  there  is  a 
jquare  of  yellow  Sweet  Sultan,  and  with  it  a 
lovely  Lily  with  seagreen  silvery  leaves.  Pancra- 
t.um  maritimum  is  the  right  name,  I  believe,  but 
I  prefer  to  call  it  a  Star  Lily.  There  are  Ca-- 
nations,  and  then  most  delicately  beautiful  Spanish 
Iris  ;  a  large  variety.  The  last  square  in  the 
border  is  a  blue  mass  of  Anchusa  italica.  The  air 
just  there  is  perfumed  with  Musk.  We  let  the 
Musk  wander  at  will  all  over  this  border.  We  give 
it  neither  care  nor  culture,  and  it  gives  back  to 
us,  for  nothing,  the  treasure  of  its  sweetness.  With 
the  parterre  which  li^hs  up  the  lawn  before  the 
dining  room  windows,  I  have  little  to  do.  The 
gardener  plans  the  colours  and  arrangement  of  it, 
and  I  feel  it  is  in  good  hands  ;  two  centre  beds 
this  season  appear  to  me  especially  happy.  They 
are  White  Biide  Gladiolus,  mixed  with  deep  red 
Tuscan  Rose,  pure  while  and  crimson. 

The  other  long-shaped,  narrow  parterre  we  have 
tried  to  pattern  out  like  one  I  saw  last  summer  on  a 
sunny  Somersetshire  terrace.  It  was  in  Vandykes  of 
many-coloured  Verbena  ;  ours  is  chiefly  variegated 
and  scarlet  Pelargonium,  blue  Lobelias,  both  bronze- 
leaved  and  green  dwarf  Ageratum— Tagetes  for  yellow, 
and  Ceraslium  tomentosum,  known  sometimes  as 
Summer  Snow.  This  Snow  looks  very  brilliant  from 
a  distance,  seen  through  openings  in  the  dark  Yew 
hedge.  White  is  perhaps  too  much  neglected  in 
the  ordering  of  coloured  ploti  ;  yet  in  all  the  best  art 
of  old  times,  in  stained  glass  or  Eastern  embroideries, 
it  is  the  white  parts  that  give  brilliance  to  the  whole. 
In  the  garden,  yellow  is  the  trouble.  Calceolarias 
I  will  not  have  ;  I  seek  vainly  some  low-growing 
yellow,  the  same  tone  as  the  little  double  yellow 
Rose  that  is  teasing  me  by  blooming  high  up  out  of 
reach  by  Ihe  garden  gate.  It  should  have  the  same 
elTfct,  only  in  yellow,  as  pink  Silene. 

A  short  lime  since  this  Silene  was  used  at  Cliveden 
in  a  way  that,  once  seen,  cannot  be  forgotten.  An 
immense  circle  of  pink  lay  like  a  Magic  Ring  upon  the 
grass.  There  is  a  set  of  jewel-shaped  beds  on  a 
grand  scale,  leading  up  to  it  on  either  side.  Between 
the  ring  and  the  lofty  terrace  and  the  house,  there 
simply  lies  unrolled  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  green 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


velvet.  Beyond  the  pink  ring,  dip  down  in  sweetly 
wooded  lines,  steep  elite's  and  banks  to  level  meads 
and  windings  of  the  silver  Thames. 

"yune  24. — On  this  midsummer  morn  St.  John's 
Wort,  under  the  Elms,  is  not  yet  in  bloom.  Yet  I 
thought  as  I  went  over  the  garden  there  could  not 
be  a  more  ideal  24th  of  June. 

White  and  purple  Foxglove  throng  together  in 
stately  beauty  in  the  Boccage  and  i-antaisie,  wiih 
heads  bent  in  the  mid-day  sun  :  but  where  one  slender 
spike  — milk-white  or  red — rises  alone  in  some  shady 
spot,  peering  through  green  Brake  Fern,  that  is  belter 
still  I  I  wonder  what  like  was  the  "  lesser  dusky 
Foxglove,"  observed  by  Gerard  in  John  Tradescani's 
garden.  Also  his  "  Digitalis  ferruginea,  with  flower 
the  colour  of  iron."  A  fine  plant  of  the  yellow  Swiss 
Foxglove  lives  snug  and  solitary,  under  a  Currant  bush 
in  the  kitchen  garden.  It  is  certainly  handsome,  but  I 
never  know  whether  to  admire  it  much  or  not .  There  is 
always  an  uncertainty  about  the  name  of  Foxglove. 
In  old  French  it  is  Gante  nostre  dame;  In  high 
Dutch,  as  in  German,  Finger-hut.  And  Roses  ! — It  is 
Roses,  Roses  everywhere.  A  very  Pasque  della  Rose. 
Never  do  I  remember  the  garden  to  be  so  much  of 
a  real  Rose  garden  ;  and  the  sweetest  Rose  of  all 
is  that  which  decks  the  Sweet  Brier  hedge,  Paul 
NeroD,  with  all  his  seven  inches  across  and  no 
scent,  is  nothing  to  that  little  deep-pink  Brier  Rose  t 
The  damask  Roses  overspreading  a  corner  of  the  south 


deep  planting  ? — seeing  that  such  a  system,  if  fol- 
lowed by  young  beginners  and  would-be  Melon 
growers,  would  in  all  probability  lead  to  diastrous 
results.  It  was  simply  with  a  view  to  preventing  dis- 
appointment of  this  kind  from  occurring  that  my  pre- 
vious, like  these,  notes  were  penned,  and  not  from 
any  desire  to  disprove  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by 
your  correspondent,  "  C.  II.,"  who  has  failed  in  his 
endeavour  to  show  grounds  in  support  of  his  pre- 
viously formed  conclusions  respecting  the  cause  of 
canker  in  the  stems  of  Melon  plants. 

I  thought^rom  the  tone  of  "  C.  H.'s  "  observations 
at  p.  671  that  he  had  no  experience  of  either  Melon 
canker  or  of  the  plants  having  been  set  on  mounds, 
but  at  p.  770  I  find  that  his  mind  carries  him  back  to 
an  instance  of  both  which  occurred  twelve  years  since, 
and  which  he  cites  as  much  with  a  view  to  weakening 
my  case  as  strengthening  his  own,  but  how  far  he  has 
succeeded  in  doing  either  your  readers  can  decide  for 
themselves.  "  C.  II.,"  in  trying  to  justify  his  opinion 
as  to  Melon  canker  being  the  result  of  a  sudden  fall 
of  the  temperature  in  the  house  or  at  the  roots  through 
cold  water  having  been  applied  thereat  or  other 
cause,  says  that  in  his  experience  "canker  usually 
occurs  where  the  stems  come  in  contact  with  the  soil, 
and  not  the  buried  portion,  consequently  the  tempe- 
rature of  the  house  would  affect  it  ;  "adding,  "and  as 
the  sudden  fall  in  the  atmosphere  would  in  most  cases 


Fig.  2  -  I'iNus  aleicaulis. 


wall  are  an  ideal  of  Rose  loveliness.  It  is  worth  while 
to  make  a  good  south  place  for  this  old  Rose  ;  it  will 
soon  repay  you  a  hundredfold  in  delicious  beauty. 
Once  more,  after  nigh  two  score  years,  I  have  the 
pleasure  of  smelling  a  York  and  Lancaster  Rose. 
Her  perfume  is  divine.  And  we  have  a  real  Black 
Rose  (Empereur  de  Maroque  ?),  if  gathered  before  the 
sun  has  time  to  burn  it,  most  beautiful,  haunting  the 
memory  with  that  old  foolish  rhyme — 

"  Rosy  in  the  parlour.  Rosy  in  the  hall  : 
Rosy  was  a  black  Rose,  better  than  them  all." 

As  for  our  old  blush  Rose  age  does  but  increase  its 
charm.   E.  V.  B. 


MELON    CANKER. 

(CmtmutJ Jrom  /.  770,  vol.  .rj-m.) 

Permit  me  to  inform  "  C.  H."  that  I  am  perfectly 
well  awaie  that  the  stems  of  Melon  plants,  if  carefully 
planted  and  subsequently  landed-up  without  being 
injured  in  doing  so,  may  be  buried  a  couple  of  inches 
in  the  soil  without  much  fear  of  their  becoming  a  prey 
to  canker  providing  that  the  drainage  and  after-treat- 
ment be  good,  and  that  in  the  appiication  of  water  to 
the  roots  care  be  taken  not  to  watcx  close  to  the  stems 
of  the  plants.  Indeed,  before  1  had  recourse  to 
setting  the  plants  on  mounds,  1  used  to  draw  a  littJe 
soil  up  round  about  the  stems  of  the  individual  plants, 
and  made  the  same  firm  without  pressing  the  sterna, 
to  prevent  the  lodgment  of  water  thereat.  But  what 
advantage   docs    "  C.    H."   plaio  ss  resulting  from 


be  accompanied  also  by  a  similar  fall  in  the  bottom- 
heat  through  the  heat  from  the  hot-water  pipes  not 
atTording  enough  heat,  the  entire  plant  would  feel  the 
check."  I  beg  to  remind  "C.  H."  that  because 
canker  in  the  stems  of  Melon  plants  is  first  visible  at 
the  point  of  contact  with  the  soil  it  does  not  follow 
that  the  buried  portion  was  not  first  affected,  and  that 
the  canker  did  not  afterwards  ascend  in  the  stems  so 
far  as  the  latter  were  surrounded  by  damp  soil. 
However,  assuming  for  the  sake  of  demonstrating 
the  advisability  of  planting  on  mounds,  that  canker 
only  occurs  at  the  point  of  contact  with  the  soil,  then, 
I  ask,  why  not  set  the  plants  in  the  manner  indicated 
at  p.  703,  so  that  the  stems  do  not  come  in  contact 
with  the  soil,  and  thereby  avoid  canker?  "  C.  H." 
is  wrong  in  his  conclusions  regarding  the  correspond- 
ing fall  in  the  temperature  of  the  house  and  the  soil 
at  the  roots,  because  it  does  not  follow  that  when  the 
temperature  of  the  house  has  fallen  from  90°  at  4  P.M. 
to  65°  or  60°  between  then  and  the  following  morn- 
ings, as  is  frequently  the  case  during  the  summer 
months,  where  no  fire-heat  is  employed  for  supplying 
bottom-heat,  that  the  temperature  at  the  roots  has 
consequently  fluctuated  more  than  5°,  if  so  much, 
during  the  interval.  As  a  case  in  point,  I  may  say 
that,  from  plants  thus  grown,  but  having  one  4- inch 
hot-water-pipe  running  round  the  pit  for  supplying 
top-heat,  I  cut  five  crops  of  Melons  from  the  same 
plants  in  one  year  (1877,  and  which  fact  was  recorded 
in  your  numbers  for  August  14  and  September  S  of 
that  year),  and  the  plants  were  quite  as  vigorous  and 


healthy  when  the  last  crop  was  cut  as  they  were  when 
the  first  one  (the  end  of  April)  was.  Your  corre- 
spondent refers  to  the  effect  that  too  much  water  at 
the  roots  of  Calceolaria  and  Cineraria  plants  would 
produce,  but  says  nothing  about  the  like  results  that 
polling  the  said  plants  too  deeply  in  shilling  them  out 
of  small  pots  into  larger  ones  would  bring  about, 
though  less  quickly.  In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  assure 
"  C.  H."ihal  I  did  not  for  a  moment  question  his 
ability  as  a  first-rate  Melon-grower  ;  indeed,  on  the 
contrary,  if  "  C.  II."  truly  represents  his  name,  \ 
believe  him  to  be  a  good  all-round  practical  gardener, 
and  that  it  was  simply  the  soundness  of  his  views  on 
the  subject  under  notice,  and  the  conclusions  at 
which  he  arrived  in  connection  therewith,  that  I  did, 
and  do  still,  question.   H.   W.  Ward. 


PINUS    ALBICAULIS,    Exgelm. 

In  volume  ix.  of  this  work,  pp.  12,  13  (January  5, 
187S),  an  account  was  given  of  the  effects  of  the  sand- 
blast (wind-driven  sand)  in  eroding,  scoring,  and  fur- 
rowing the  hard  wood  of  some  of  the  Conifers  that 
inhabit  great  elevations  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  Cali* 
fornia  ;  and  the  account  was  accompanied  by  woodcuts 
that  are  veritable  fac  similes  of  the  eroded  surfaces  of 
two  species  collected  by  myself  in  the  autumn  of  1877. 
These  were  a  Juniperus  and  the  Pinus  albicaulis,  and 
fig.  2  is  a  reproduction  of  the  appearance  of  the 
plant  of  the  latter  which  afforded  one  of  the  illustra- 
tions, that  with  the  very  fine  strire.*  The  tree  in 
question  was  denuded  of  the  bark  for  a  great  extent 
of  the  trunk,  the  scored  naketi  wood  being  fully  ex- 
posed. It  grew  out  of  a  crest  of  rock,  on  the  bleak 
stony  side  of  Shasta  Butte  in  Northern  California,  at 
an  elevation  of  about  9000  feet,  where  it  was  exposed 
to  the  force  of  a  wind  thickly  charged  with  coarse  sand 
and  even  with  gravel  in  violent  gales.  In  its  ordinary 
condition  P.  albicaulis  forms  a  small  alpine  tree  20  to 
40  feet  high,  with  the  trunk  very  short  and  stout,  and 
rather  bushy  straggling  branches.  I  have  seen  it  only  in 
scattered  individuals,  never  forming  forests,  and  it 
appears  to  delight  in  great  elevations,  where  it  be- 
comes dwarfed  in  height  whilst  retaining  its  stoutness 
of  trunk  and  limbs.  The  latter  in  these  situations 
are  often  gnarled  and  prostrate,  covered  with  a 
whitish  bark  and  exceedingly  compact  wood,  the 
rings  of  which  are  difficult  to  count.  The  wood  is 
described  by  Professor  Sargent  as  light,  soft,  not 
strong,  brittle,  close  grained,  compact,  with  obscure 
medullary  rays,  the  colour  of  the  heart-wood  is  light 
brown,  and  of  the  sap-wood  white. 

P.  albicaulis  has  a  wide  range  and  latitude,  from 
the  coast  ranges  and  interior  of  British  Columbia  to 
Southern  California,  at  elevations  of  Sooo  to  10,000 
feet,  it  also  extends  eastward  to  the  Montana,  territory. 
I  found  it  on  Shasta  only  about  and  above  9000  feet 
elevation,  and  on  the  Sierra  Nevada,  always  as  stunted 
isolated  trees.  The  rude  sketch  here  given  was  made 
on  Shasta.  Engelmann  has  latterly  reduced  it  to  a 
variety  of  P.  flexilis,  which  is  a  Rocky  Mountain 
species,  inhabiting  lower  elevations,  and  forming  small 
forests,  and  which  does  not  grow  in  the  mountain 
ranges  where  P.  albicaulis  occurs,  J.  D.  Hooker.  [To 
render  Sir  Joseph  Hooker's  account  more  complete 
we  reproduce  at  fig.  i  the  illustration  of  the  effect  of 
sand-blast  on  this  tree.     Ed  ] 


SEED  SOWING,  &C.,  AT 
SWANLEY. 
It  may  be  safely  said  that  in  no  department  of 
gardening  has  there  been  a  more  real  advance  than 
that  which  has  been  effected  of  late  years  with  some 
of  the  popular  kinds  of  flowers  usually  grown  annually 
from  seed,  such  as  Chinese  Primulas,  Cinerarias, 
Calceolarias,  Cyclamens,  and  Gloxinias.  Primulas 
have  always  occupied  so  important  a  position  for 
winter  flowering  that  almost  every  one  possessed  of 
a  greenhouse  grows  them,  yet  time  was  when  there 
were  tew  things  caused  more  vexatious  disappointment. 
A  packet  of  what  professed  to  be  good  seed  would 
furnish  a  quantity  of  plants  ;  but  for  one  decent  form 
worth  growing  there  would  be  a  dozen  that  produced 
flowers  little  if  any  better  than  a  common  Primrose 
by  the  hedge  side.  The  result  of  this  was,  that  to 
get  a  sufficient  number  with  presentable  flowers,  ten 


•  By  inadvertence  in  the  account  of  these  woods,  given  at 
vol.  i\.,  p.  13,  all  three  (,\,  B,  c),  werc'attributed  to  the  Juniper, 
but  the  central  one,  B,  belongs  to  P.  albicaulis. 


lO 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lJu:.Y  4,   1S85. 


times  the  quantity  that  were  needed  had  to  be  grown 
on  to  blooming  con()ilion.  Of  the  other  kinds  of 
plants  mentioned,  so  little  dependence  could  be  placed 
on  seedlings  that  they  were  mostly  propagated  from 
named  kindsthat  possibly  stood  inthe  proportion  of  not 
more  than  one  in  a  hundred  of  the  seedlings  that 
were  raised.  Judicious  crossing  and  careful  selection 
have  so  far  changed  all  this,  that  now  the  strains  of  the 
plants  instanced  are  so  much  improved,  that  where 
good  seed  is  obtained  a  worthless  plant  is  an  exception. 
Messrs.  Cannell  have  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the 
advance  made  in  this  direction.  A  sight  of  the  houses 
when  the  immense  stock  of  plants  grown  for  seed  pur- 
poses are  in  bloom  is  both  interesting  and  instructive, 
disclosing  the  care  and  labour  bestowed  to  insure  the 
different  forms  of  each  kind  of  plant  yielding  seed 
that  will  come  true.  Of  Primulas  there  are  here  a 
number  of  forms,  sufficiently  distinct  in  the  colour  and 
general  character  of  the  flowers  to  make  them  well 
worth  growing.  Amongst  red  varieties  that  have 
recently  taken  such  a  prominent  position  Swanley 
Red  keeps  improving  year  by  year,  and  is  remark- 
able for  its  vivid  luby  colour,  with  distinct  yellow 
eye,  fine  habit,  profuse  blooming  disposition,  and  the 
inc.eased  size  of  its  flowers  :  many  of  the  plants  come 
with  a  distinct  shade  of  rose  and  violet.  Swanley 
Purple  is  a  large-sized  flower  of  an  intensely 
deep  shade  of  purple,  the  foliage  stout  and  bold. 
Swanley  While,  a  very  line  kind,  of  excellent  habit, 
producing  immense  trusses  of  large  pure  white  flowers. 
Another  white,  named  The  t^ueen,  is  a  larger  grower 
than  the  last,  of  splendid  habit,  the  leaves  drooping 
so  as  to  almost  cover  the  pots.  The  flowers  are  the 
largest  I  have  seen,  beautifully  fimbriated,  with  an 
orange-yellow  eye.  Princess  of  Wales,  blush  while, 
a  distinct  and  lovely  kind,  of  excellent  habit.  Deli- 
cata,  a  Fern-leaved  variety,  with  blush-coloured 
flowers.  Lilacina,  a  very  distinct  Primula,  of  a 
clear  lilac  shade,  sometimes  striped  with  red,  like  a 
Cirnation.  Mammoth,  an  enormous  crimson-purple 
flower.  Some  of  the  individual  flowers  of  this  kind 
that  I  measured  were  2\  inches  across.  (Jueen  of 
the  Stripes,  a  large-flowered  kind,  ground  colour 
white,  flaked  and  striped  with  purple,  and  sometimes 
flushed  with  crimson.  In  the  long  houses  occupied 
by  Primulas  each  form  is  kept  in  a  distinct  group  by 
itself.  Fertilisation  by  hand  is  regularly  carried  out, 
The  distinct  kinds  that  have  been  raised  here  have 
not,  as  might  be  supposed,  originated  by  accident, 
but  are  the  result  of  crossing  varieties  dissimilar  in 
colour  and  general  character.  Precautions  are  taken 
to  prevent  accidental  crossing  ;  the  doors  and  every 
opening  by  which  air  is  admitted  are  guarded  by  close 
netting,  so  that  flies  and  bees  cannot  get  through. 

Cinerarias 

are  in  immense  quantities,  dwarf  and  robust  in  habit, 
and  bear  big  compact  heads  of  bloom  in  innumerable 
shades  of  colour,  the  individual  flowers  being  of 
enormous  size,  many  running  from  z\  to  2^  inches 
across.  These,  like  the  Primulas,  are  each  variety 
kept  in  groups  by  themselves.  Exceptionally  fine 
varieties  that  from  timetotimemaketheirappearance^ 
such,  for  instance,  as  Victory,  March  Past,  and  others 
— are  propagated  in  quantity  from  suckers  or  grown  on 
for  producing  seed.  Like  care  is  here  taken  to  ex- 
clude everything  in  the  form  of  a  winged  insect  that 
could  carry  pollen  from  one  plant  to  the  other. 

Calceolarias. 
With  these  selection  and  rejection  have  been  carried 
out  until  the  stock  appears  to  have  a  fixed  uniformly 
dwarf  robust  habit,  every  plant  being  in  this  respect 
a  counterpart  of  its  neighbour.  They  fill  one  of  the 
long  houses.  The  plants  are  grown  in  larger  pots 
than  usually  employed  with  plants  for  seed  :  9  or  10- 
inch  are  used  ;  this,  with  liberal  feeding  admits  of 
their  getting  a  large  size,  showing  their  true  character. 
Self-coloured  varieties,  from  yellow,  through  the 
various  shades  of  red,  to  the  deepest  crimson,  receive 
equal  attention  with  the  spotted  flowers. 

Cyclamens, 
Of  these  a  very  large  stock  is  grown  for  seed.  The 
seed  is  sown  in  July  for  blooming  in  the  spring  but 
one  afterwards.  Here  again  each  colour  is  kept 
separate.  The  strain  collectively  is  unexceptionable, 
the  plants  having  stout  foliage,  and  producing  a  pro- 
fusion of  full-sized  flowers  in  all  shades  from  pure 
white  to  blackish-purple.  Hand  fertilisation  is  wiih 
these  plants  also  carried  out  daily  when  there  is  suffi- 
cient sun  to  dry  the  atmosphere,  the  flowers  on  each 


plant  receiving  a  good   shaking  with  a  thin  pliable 
stick. 

Those  who  have  seen  the  wonderful  plants  of 
double  Primula  exhibited  by  Messrs,  Cannell,  will  not 
require  to  be  told  of  the  extraordinary  cultivation 
brought  to  bear  on  them.  The  old  white  and  fim- 
briated white  slill  stand  unequalled  for  their  general 
usefulness,  especially  for  cutting,  A  very  large  num- 
ber of  these  are  grown  in  all  sizes,  from  smiU  trade 
plants  up  to  the  largest  specimens,  Gilbert's  seed- 
lings are  also  grown  inquantiiy;  here,  as  elsewhere, 
they  sport  in  all  directions  :  M-rrchioness  of  Exeter 
and  Eatl  of  Lleaconi^ficlJ  appear  to  be  the  best. 

Bego.mas. 

Amongst  flowering  plants  grown  here  that  keep  on 
blooming  continuously  through  the  winter  and  .spring, 
the  following  were  conspicuous:  — Of  Begonias,  which 
are  a  feature  at  Swanley,  may  be  named  the  old  B, 
nilida,  with  its  spikes  of  silver-blu-h  flowers,  slill  one 
of  the  best  ;  B.  semperflorens  alha,  one  of  the  freest 
of  all  white  flowering  kinds  ;  B.  semperflorens  gi- 
gantea,  one  of  Lemoine's  seedlings,  flowers  carmine  ; 
B.  semperflorens  rubra,  flowers  while,  edged  with 
red  ;  B,  Digswelliana.  a  compact  habited  kind  yield- 
ing an  abundance  of  flowers  of  a  soft  pink  colour ;  B. 
Saundersi  and  B.  Ingrami,  the  last  the  largest  flower, 
both  bright  ciimson.  The  old  B,  fuchsioides,  when 
well  managed,  is  not  only  one  of  the  freest  bloomers, 
but  its  bright  coloured  flowers  and  neat  foliage  give  it 
a  highly  decorative  appearance  in  spring.  Of  newer 
kinds,  B,  Carrierei  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  ih  it 
has  ever  been  introduced,  it  is  a  hybrid  between  H, 
sempetllorens  and  B.  Schmidiii  ;  the  flowers,  pure 
while,  a  little  inferior  in  size  to  B.  semperflorens,  aie 
borne  in  quantities. 

Winter  flowering  Carnations, 

Amongst  these,  now  so  deservedly  popular,  the 
undermentioned  uere  the  most  attractive  ; — The 
Moor,  dark  crimson ;  Marie  Nugue,  pure  white, 
lightly  tipped  with  scarlet;  Mrs.  (jeorge  Hawtrey,  a 
fine  yellow ;  Andalusia,  yellow  petals,  fringed  ; 
Avalanche,  flowers  large,  white,  edged  with  purple  ; 
Petunia,  base  of  petals  pale  flesh,  rosy-purple  at  the 
extremities  ;  Alegatiere,  still  one  of  the  best  reds ; 
Miss  Jolliffe,  another  old  variety,  unsurpassed  in  its 
colour.  Another  good  old  winter  and  spring  bloom- 
ing plant,  now  very  seldom  seen,  is  Browallia 
Jamesoni  ;  it  is  grown  in  the  form  of  small  stand- 
ards ;  its  uncommon-looking  orange-red  flowers  are 
produced  freely  from  every  bit  of  growth  it  mattes. 
T.  B. 


ORCHIDS    FOR   AMATEURS. 

(Co„thni,;l from  f.  8;o.,  ■■ol  xxiii  ) 

The  second  type  of  Cattleya  consists  of  a  single 
species,  C,  chocoensis.  The  general  appearance  of 
this  plant  is  like  those  of  the  Labiata  section,  but  the 
flowers  are  not  so  open  and  have  a  campanulate  form. 
The  pttils  have  marc  substance  than  in  the  Labiata 
type,  and  are  often  pure  white  ;  some  varieties  have  a 
delicate  rose  tint,  sometimes  rayed  with  carnation. 
The  labellum  is  either  whitCj  or  more  usually  more  or 
less  coloured  with  rose  or  violet  on  the  limb,  with  a 
citron-yellow  spot  in  the  form  of  an  anchor  in  the 
throat.  It  flowers  in  the  winter,  and  is  a  native  of 
New  Grenada. 

The  third  group  of  Cattleyas  is  very  distinct  from 
the  Labiata  section  ;  the  pseudobulbs  are  long  and 
cylindrical,  and  surmounted  by  two  or  three  coriace- 
ous leaves.  The  flowers  are  thick  and  fleshy,  and 
form  large  racemes.  The  petals  and  sepals  are  of  a 
rich  orange-green  or  brown,  marked  with  chocolate  or 
crimson  spots  ;  the  labellum  is  thtee-lobed,  and 
entirely  encloses  the  column.     They  form  the 

Cattleya  Forbesii  Section. 

CaHUya  Fotk-sii. — This  plant  has  been  made  the 
type  of  the  section,  but  it  is  less  beautiful  than  the 
nearly  allied  form,  Cattleya  granulosa,  which  it 
resembles  very  closely.  It  is  a  nalive  of  Brazil.  The 
flowers  are  yellowish-green  with  a  yellow  ot  white 
labellum,  rayed  and  spotted  with  crimson  on  its 
middle  lobe. 

C.  granulosa. — .\  native  of  the  hottest  parts  of  Bahia 
and  Guatemala.  Ii  has  long,  narrow,  upright  pseudo- 
bulbs,  about  I  foot  to  15  inches  long,  knotted  and 
channeled,  partially  covered  with  white  glislcniog 
membranous  sheaths,  with  two  horizontal  coriaceous 
leaves  at  their  summit.  The  flowers  are  faintly 
fragani,  2  to  T,  inches  in  diameter,  and  six  or  eight  on 
each  spike.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  of  an  olive- 
green,  with  a  few  blood-red  spots  scattered  over 
thera  ;  the  labellum  is  fleshy,  three-lobed  ;  the  lateral 
lobes,    folded   upwards  over  the  column,   are  pure 


white  ;  the  middle  lobe  is  deeply  cleft  and  dilated 
into  two  round  lobules  with  toothed  borders  ;  these 
lobules  are  folded  fanwise,  and  speckled  with  dots  of 
bright  crimson.  The  interior  of  the  lip  is  yellow.  It 
flowers  in  autumn  and  winter. 

C.  c:nlla/a  is  merely  a  variety  of  C.  granulosa,  with 
the  middle  lobe  of  the  labellum  of  a  uniform  purple 
tint.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  number  of  Sowers  on 
each  spike. 

C.  ^ti/'afa  Leo/olili,  sometimes  called  C.  Leopold*, 
is  a  large  variety  of  guttata  with  rich  brownish-green 
flowers  marked  with  spots  of  deep  magenta  and  • 
having  a  metallic  lustre.  It  is  very  floriferous  and 
fragrant. 

C.  amelhysto^^hssa  is  also  a  mere  variety  of  granu- 
losa, with  a  deep  carmine  lip  and  pale  rose-coloured 
sepals  and  petals  spotted  with  small  crimson  spots 
arranged  in  rows.  It  is  a  very  variable  plant  like  all 
those  included  in  the  section,  some  have  comparatively 
poor  flowers. 

C.  hitcola  or  siilphuica  is  a  small  variety  of  granu- 
losa, probably  a  cross  between  it  and  some  single- 
leaved  species.  It  usually  has  only  one  leaf  to  each 
bulb.  The  flowers  are  small,  and  of  a  pale  citron- 
yellow  colour.  It  flowers  in  winter,  and  is  a  native 
of  Brazil. 

A  distinct  species,  with  numerous  varieties  closely 
allied  to  the  preceding,  but  of  smaller  size  than  any 
except  the  last,  is  called  C.  Loddigesi,  It  has  lilac 
flowers  uiih  a  yellow  throat  to  the  labellum. 

C.  Hanisoniana  appears  to  be  a  maritime 
variety  of  C.  Loddigesi  with-  rose  coloured  flowers  ; 
a  violet  variety  is  also  known. 

C.  intcrmeiiia  is  another  variety  of  Loddigesi,  but 
differs  in  having  violet  in  the  throat  of  the  labellum 
instead  of  yellow;  it  is  not  considered  nearly  as  good 
as  the  last. 

All  the  plants  included  in  this  set;lion  come  from 
the  hottest  regions  of  South  America,  grow  in  the 
full  glare  of  the  tropical  sun,  and  pass  through  a  very 
severe  resting  period,  which  is  described  by  Hum- 
boldt in  the  following  graphic  terms :  — "  Then  beneath 
the  vertical  rays  of  the  bright  and  cloudless  sun  of  the  a 
tropics,  the  parched  soil  cracks  and  bursts  as  if  rent  J 
asunder  by  a  mighty  earthquake  ;  and  if  at  such  a 
time  two  opposite  and  conflicting  currents  of  air, 
moving  in  rapid  gyrations,  come  into  contact  with 
the  earth,  a  singular  spectacle  presents  itself :  funnel- 
shaped  clouds  of  sand  rise  from  the  earth,  sweeping 
on  like  the  rushing  waterspout  which  strikes  such 
terror  into  the  heart  of  the  mariner.  A  dim  sallow 
light  gleams  from  the  lowering  sky  over  the  dreary 
plain.  The  hot  and  dus'y  earth  forms  a  cloudy  veil 
which  shrouds  the  heavens  and  increases  the  slilTIing 
oppression  of  the  atmosphere.  (In  the  middle  of  the 
sand  cloud  the  thermometer  stood  for  several  minutes 
togetheratm  F'ahr.  The  dry  sand  in  the  village  of  San 
Fernando  de  .\pure  had  a  temperature  of  126  Fahr.)'' 
The  trees  all  lose  their  leaves,  and  every  particle  of 
vegetation  is  dried  up,  the  pseudobulbs  and  leaves  of 
the  Orchids  are  shrivelled  and  desiccated.  The  first 
rains,  however,  bring  about  a  total  transformation  ; 
vegetation  everywhere  bursts  forth,  and  in  a  few  days 
the  blossom  buds  of  the  Cattleyas  break  from  their 
sheaihs. 

Experience  tells  us,  Tiowever,  that  in  cultivation 
such  severe  desiccation  is  undesirable— at  least,  that 
is  the  opinion  of  most  growers,  although  severe  and 
forced  rest  is  absolutely  necessary,  or  new  shoots  will 
appear  after  the  formvinn  of  the  flower-sheaths,  and 
no  flowers  will  reward  the  cultivator. 

The  maritime  varieties  are  subject  (o  less  severe 
drought,  but  they  are  often  found  almost  within  the 
reach  of  the  salt  spray.  I  have  found  that  a  pinch  of 
salt  in  a  gallon  of  water  agrees  well  with  C.  Har- 
risoniana,  and  I  believe  its  natural  habitat  indicates 
such  treatment.  I  hope  to  recur  to  this  subject  on  a 
future  occasion,  when  a  longer  experience  in  its  use 
has  enabled  me  to  compare  the  condition  of  plants 
which  have  been  so  treated  with  those  in  which  no 
salt  has  been  given,  and  also  when  I  have  been  able 
to  note  the  effect  of  an  increased  quantity  upon  my 
plants. 

C.  gullala  certainly  needs  a  considerable  supply  ol 
nitrogenous  material,  and  flourishes  well  if  guano 
water,  of  the  strength  already  noted,  is  freely  suoplied. 
It  is  known  to  be  a  plant  which  feeds  greedily  by  its 
roots.  My  own  belief  is  that  all  the  Cattleyas  with 
cylindrical  pseudobulbs  require  much  sun  and  air  to 
bring  them  to  perfection,  A  close  moist  atmosphere 
does  not  agree  with  them,  and  the  period  of  rest  needs 
to  be  more  severe  than  in  those  with  ovoid  bulbs. 

Cattleya  .^clandi.-e  Section. 

The  forni  of  the  labellum  in  this  group  is  remark- 
able, the  lateral  lobes  are  very  large  and  not  folded 
over  the  column  as  in  Cattleya  Forbesii,  but  are 
flattened  out.  The  terminal  lobe  is  deeply  cleft  and 
very  broad. 

Cattleya  AcklanduT  is  the  type  form  ;  the  pseudo- 
bulbs are  clavate,  dilated  towards  their  summits,  with 
two  or  three  short  almost  round  leaves.  The  flowers 
are  usually  solitary,  more  rarely  in  pairs,  nearly 
3   inches    in    diameter,    of   a    pale  green,  strongly 


JULV  4,    1S85  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


II 


marked    with    intense  chjcolate-brown,    inclining  to       other  country  in  the  world.     The  vegetation  of  the      from  the  top  is  so  fine,  and  the  exercise  of  climbing 
i'aleSlo^e^orthri'aUUTrerht'.'^  fcrml^al       ""Z.  ^'^^    1"'^  '  K'   -■■<!-    almost   every      v.y  healthfn,. 

lobe   is   white,   veined   with   rose,   and   marked  with       P  ^  confined    to    the   cjlony.      Thus  a  rich  Lake    Lyndon,    a   fine   sheet   of  water,    and    the 

foot 


Zealar.d    Alps   is  quite   unique,    almost   every 
eined   with   rose,   and   marked  with       P'^"'    '"^'"^  confined    to    the   cjlony.      Thus  a  rich  Lake    Lyndon,    a   fine   sheet   of  water,    and 

giludinal    stria:   of    a   violet-purple       "a'^,''^^' "^^  reaped  by  Dr.  Haast  and  Dr.  Sinclair  on      highest  lake  in  the  province,  lies  at  the   western 


not  unlike  that  of  Lsli-  purpuraia.  "  The  ^^"^  '''^'  explorations  of  these  mountains,  and  Dr. 
olumn  is  very  large  and  flattened.  It  i-;  certainly  one  Haast  tells  us  that  on  his  first  visit  to  Mount  Tor- 
f  the  most  beautiful  and  remarkable  flowers  in  the  '"se,  now  twenty  years  ago.  he  collected  over  thirty 
genus  Cattleya.     The  perfume  is  aromitic,  and  has       plants    new    to  science.      o'(  course  now-a-days  the 

riety       case  is  diflferent,  scarcely  anything  new  is  to  be  found, 
but  there  is  plenty  of  work  to  be  done  in  working  out 


been  compared  with  the  odour  of  pepper.     A 
deliciously  perfumed,  with  gigantic  flowers,  is  known 
as  C.  Aclandi.T;  grandiflora.     It  grows  near  the  sea, 
and  is  a  native  of  Bahia. 

CatlUya  iiiu/ar.— This  plant  also  belongs  to  the 
C.  Aclandiae  group  ;  it  has  long  slender  pseudobulbs, 
often  2  feet  in  length,  which  bear  a  scape  of  eight  or 
ten  flowers.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  pale  green, 
wiih  bistre-coloured  spots,  and  the  labellum  is  of  a 
rich  purple  colour.  It  is  a  native  of  Brazil  ;  it  appears 
also  to  be  essentially  a  maritime  plant.  J>.  T,  L. 


of  Porter's  Pass,  and  affords  some  shooting  and  fish- 
ing, with  capital  camping  ground  on  its  banks.  The 
whole  can  be  easily  reached  the  first  day  from  Chiist- 
church,  and  may  some  day  become  a  popular  leiott. 
"  LittUton  Times"  New  Zealand, 


ASCENT    OF    MOUNT 
LESSE. 


TOR- 


Mou-NT  Torlesse  being  the  nearest  or,  at  any  rale, 
the  easiest  attainable  mountain  to  Christchurch,  ofl^ers 
to  the  botanist  or  geologist  a  most  interesting  ground 
for  collecting  specimens.  Hence  to  me  it  has  always 
been  a  tempting  goal  for  the  holidays.  Although  not 
by  any  means  to  be  considered  a  first-class  ascent  in  a 
mountainous  country  like  New  Zealand,  Mount  Tor- 
lesse is  nevertheless  6400  feet  high,  or  twice  the 
height  of  the  princip.al  peak  in  England— Scawfell — 
which  I  several  times  ascended  when  a  boy.  The 
mountain  forms  a  gigantic  mass  of  schisto-e  rock, 
extending  from  the  Waimakariri  Gorge  to  Porter's 
Pass,  and  has  two  peaks  reaching  the  height  above- 
mentioned.  Leaving  the  train  at  Springfield  one 
windy  day  in  January,  I  walked  from  that  pleasant 
township  to  the  top  of  Porter's  Pass,  3160  feet  above 
the  sea,  and  the  highest  point  on  the  West  Coast  road. 
Being  provided  with  a  small  tent  and  the  necessary 
kit,  I  camped  for  the  night  in  a  gully  some  500  feet 
higher  up  the  mountain. 

On  the  following  morning  I  commenced  the  ascent 
at  five  o'clock,  the  early  hour  being  selected  (rom  an 
impression  that  a  nor'-wester  was  brewing,  and,  un- 
fortunately, my  prognostications  proved  correct,  and 
my  investigations  were  much  interfered  with  by  the 
wind,  of  which  those  who  have  only  experienced  the 
half-tamed  nor'-wester  felt  in  the  streets  of  the  city 
can  have  but  a  faint  idea.  In  ascending  the  moun- 
tain, one  is  struck  by  the  apparently  barren  nature  of 
the  surface,  which  consists  of  large  areas  of  rolling, 
ever-moving  (/t-'i/jV,  alternating  with  narrow  strips  of 
1)W  shrubs  interspersed  with  beautiful  herbaceous 
plants. 

The  shrubs  are  principally  species  of  Veronica, 
Snowberries,  two  alpine  kinds  of  Tutu,  one  or  two 
small  mountain  Conifers,  and  several  kinds  of  Nei- 
neis  (Dracophyllum).  In  an  angle  of  the  mountain  a 
few  trees  of  Fagus  solandri,  the  While  Beech  of  the 
settlers,  have  found  a  home,  and  formed  a  miniature 
hanging  forest  crowded  with  the  usual  shrubby  sub- 
alpine  vegetation,  the  ground  and  rocks  being  clothed 
wiih  Filmy  Ferns.  The  grassy  strips  and  moisler 
parts  of  the  mountain  are  clothed  wi;h  immerse  num- 
bers of  the  larger  kinds  of  mountain  Daisies  or  Cotton 
plants  (Celmisia),  which  at  the  time  of  my  visit  were 
in  full  bloom  and  covered  the  ground  with  their  pure 
white  Chrysanthemum-like  flowers.  No  fewer  than 
ten  species  of  these  fine  plants  were  collected,  one  of 
them  {C.  Ilaaslii)  being  very  rare,  and  not  pre- 
viously obtained  on  Mount  Torlesse.  Altogether 
about  150  sorts  of  plants  were  obtained  on  the  grassy 
slopes,  and  about  fifty  more  on  the  rocks  and  shingle 
slips.  To  give  the  names  of  these  would  only  weary 
the  unscientific  reader,  but  a  few  of  the  more  interest- 
ing will  be  mentioned.  Although  the  shingle  slips 
look  so  barren  to  the  eye  at  first,  a  close  examination 
reveals  the  existence  of  many  plants  peculiarly  adapted 
for  living  in  such  places.  Many  partake  o(  the  fleshy 
habit  of  succulents,  although  belonging  to  genera 
quite  distinct  from  the  succulent  plants  of  other  coun- 
tries ;  thus  there  is  a  fleshy  Lobelia,  numerous  fleshy- 
leaved  plants  of  the  Carrot  tribe,  a  fleshy-leaved 
Buttercup  (Ranunculus  llaastii),  and  many  others. 

Climbing  these  masses  of  loose  dtbriSf  which  rest 
on  a  bed  of  rock  at  a  very  acute  angle,  and  cover  the 
greater  part  of  the  mountain,  is  rather  fatiguing  work, 
as  the  feet  often  slip  back  a  foot  or  so  at  every  step. 
But  the  botanist  is  repaid  by  the  harvest  of  plants 
found  only  on  such  places  in  this  colony,  and  in  no 


the  relationships  of  certain  plants  of  doubtful  posi- 
tion, and  in  determining  the  altitudinal  range  of  the 
species. 

My  object  on  the  present  occasion  was  to  study 
the  native  grasses  in  their  wild  state,  and  to  obtain 
fresh  specimens  of  what  are  called  by  the  curious 
name  of  Vegetable  Sheep,  in  order  to  determine  their 
botanical  relationships  more  definitely  than  has  been 
done  hitherto.  In  both  these  objects  I  was  perfectly 
successful,  obtaining  an  excellent^eries  of  rare  alpine 
grasses  and  excellent  specimens  of  both  kinds  of 
Vegetable  Sheep  in  perfect  condition.  These  ate 
most  singular  plants,  belonging  to  the  Cudweed  tribe, 


RHODODENDRONS    IN   DRY 

SOILS. 
The  present  race  of  hardy  Rhododendrons  hold 
undisputed  possession  of  the  first  place  amongst  out- 
door flowering  shrubs.  The  endless  variety  in  the. 
colours,  shades,  and  markings  of  the  flowers  of  the 
nutnbers  of  fine  varieties  now  existent,  combined  with 
their  profuse  blooming  disposition,  leave  little  to  be 
desired.  Even  when  not  in  flower  their  handsome 
dense  glossy  foliage  renders  them  second   to  none  of 


,      ,.  ,    ,  ,^.,  -    -•  .the  evergreens  in  cultivation  for  their  leaves  alone, 

and  which  have  hitherto  been  placed   in  the  genus       Consequently  it  is  no  wonder  that  all  who  are  locate'd 
Kaoulia.     They  grow  on  loose  JJliris  at  4500  'eet  to       where  the  character  of  the  soil  is  naturally  such  as 
booo  feet  altitude,  and  form  round  or  kidney-shaped       suited  to  them  or  admits  of  being  made  suitable,  give 
.      .  „<  .1  1.       ,[jg^  ([jg  jj|.gj  position  in  their  planting  arrangements. 


patches  like  immense  cushions,  some  of  them  as  much 
as  S  feet  across  and  j  feet  high.  In  one  species  the 
cushion  is  snow-white,  in  the  other  silvery-grey,  and 
in  both  is  foimed  of  a  dense  mass  of  leafy  branches, 
so  closely  packed  together  that  a  chisel  can  be  thrust 
into  the  mas;  only  with  considerable  difiiculty.  The 
flowers  are  so  very  small  that  their  parts  cannot  be 
distinctly  seen  without  a  microscope,  but  in  one 
species  they  exhale  a  delicious  perfume.  Owing 
to  the  peculiar  shape  and  appearance  of  these  plants 
they  were,  in  the  early  days  of  settlement,  some- 
times mistaken  for  sheep  by  the  shepherds,  and  hence 
the  name. 


As  to  the  nature  of  the  soil  Rhododendrons  like  best 
it  goes  without  saying  that  peat  is  the  material  before 
all  others  which  they  prefer.  It  used  to  be  thought 
that  they  would  not  succeed  without  it,  and  on  the 
strength  of  such  supposition,  where  soil  of  this  nature 
is  scarce,  much  trouble  and  expense  has  ofien  been 
incurred  in  procuring  it.  One  thing,  about  which  there 
can  be  no  question,  is  that  these  shrubs  cannot  thrive 
where  there  is  a  deficiency  of  moisture  within  reach 
of  their  roots.  The  moisture-holding  properly  of 
peat  has  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the   liking 


-    „   these 

plants  show  for  it,  independent  of  the  natural  food 
After  hours  of  hard  climbing,  scrambling  over  rocks  elements  suited  to  their  wants  which  it  contains.  A 
and  up  shingle  slips,  enlivened  at  short  intervals  by  cool  bottom  is  what  they  like,  such  as  is  present  where 
the  discovery  of  some  rare  or  beautiful  plant,  which  the  subsoil  is  composed  of  clay,  which  as  a  matter  of 
of  course  was  duly  transferred  to  the  vasculum  or  tin  course  does  not  admit  of  the  water  passing  except 
box  slung  over  my  shoulder,  I  reached  the  top  at  noon,  slowly  through  it.  Where  such  is  present,  and  where 
and,  owing  to  the  clearness  of  the  atmosphere,  a  fine  in  addition  the  upper  soil  within  reach  of  their  roots 
panorama  met  my  view.  The  whole  Canterbury  is  alike  of  a  nature  that  admits  of  its  holding  moisture. 
Plain  was  spread  out  at  my  feet,  with  the  Port  hills  there  Rhododendrons  are  to  be  seen  in  iheir  best  form! 
and  Lake  Ellesmere  in  the  east,  whilst  westwards  Where  the  opposite  of  thio  exists  both  as  regards  the 
Mounts  Rolleston  and  Franklin  shut  out  the  view  of      top  and  under  stratum— that  is,  where  in  addition  to 


the  sea.  Southwards  the  greater  part  of  the  Uppe. 
Rakaia  Valley  was  visible,  with  the  angular  mass  of 
Mount  Cook  in  the  extreme  distance.  The  scene  well 
repaid  the  trouble  of  climbing,  and  the  pure  mountain 
air  was  a  most  acceptable  change  from  the  close 
atmosphere  of  the  lower  plains. 

The  descent  of  the  mountain  is  very  easy,  though  a 
trifle  dangerous.  In  order  to  get  down  quickly  it  is 
only  necessary  to  sit  down  on  a  shingle  slip,  set  your 
heels  moving,  and  away  you  go  at  a  pace  far  exceed- 
ing at  times  the  average  speed  of  a  New  Zealand 
express  train.  It  is  necessary  to  see  that  you  are  not 
going  in  the  direction  of  a  precipice,  and  to  keep  a 
good  look-out  for  the  small  boulders  which  sometimes 
follow  in  your  wake,  and  that  is  all  the  danger,  unless, 
indeed,  you  attempt  to  stop  too  suddenly,  in  which 
case  your  nervous  system  is  apt  to  receive  a  shock  not 
forgotten  in  a  hurry.  In  this  kind  of  mountaineering 
the  alpenstock,  or  some  good  substitute,  is  very 
useful.  By  the  aid  of  a  few  of  these  shingle  slides  the 
bottom  is  reached  in  an  hour  and  a  half,  or  sometimes 
less. 

One  striking  feature  of  the  mountain  is  the  paucity 
of  animal  life.  Wekas  are  fairly  numerous  still,  and 
as  mischievous  as  ever.  A  few  stone  chats  were  to  be 
seen  on  the  lower  slopes,  and  these  were  all  the  birds 
observed  except  a  pair  of  rock  wrens  (Xenicus 
Giliventris),  which  were  hopping  about  on  some 
boulders  far  up  the  mountain.  This  bird  has  peculiar 
large  feet,  evidently  adapted  to  life  among  loose  rocks. 
When  frightened,  it  does  not  fly  away,  but  hides 
among  the  rocks.  The  pair  I  saw  were  singularly 
tame  for  their  kind,  and  performed  some  amusing 
antics  apparently  for  each  others  amusement.  On  the 
way  down  I  found  large  quantities  of  the  rare  moun- 
tain shield  Fern,  Polyslichum  cystostegium,  which 
grows  in  snow  runnels,  and  forms  compact  green 
masses  of  soft-textured  fronds  with  curious  bladdery 
fruit.  A  lovely  yellow  flowered  species  of  Forget-me- 
Not  also  rewarded  my  search  ;  it  is  probably  the 
finest  of  the  family,  and  will  no  doubt  become  a  great 
favourite  in  gardens.  It  is  strange  that  Mount 
Torlesse  is  not  more  visited  by  tourists,  as  the  view 


the  surface  being  of  a  light  nature  it    rests  on  gravel 
or  sand— something  requires  to  be  added  if  Rhododen- 
drons are  expected  to  succeed.     Those  who  have  had 
anything  much  to  do  with  the  plants  under  notice  are 
no  doubt  aware  that  where  peat  is  scarce  clay  can  be 
made  to  do  duty  in  the  place  of  peat.      Vet  this  is 
evidently    not    so    generally    known     as     it    might 
be,    and  in    many   cases    where  clay    is    used      the 
way   it    is    applied    is    such    as    to    preclude     the 
possibility    of   its    being    of    much    benefit    to    the 
plants.     Clay    when    fresh    dug,    and    in    its    crude 
raw  condition,  is  totally  unsuited  to  the  roots  of  any 
plant,  being  too  adhesive  for  them  to  enter  it  ;  when- 
ever used,,  it  should,  before  being  dug  in,  be  allowed 
to  lie  on  the  surface  until  it  is  pulverised — a  state  to 
which  it  is  soon  reduced  either  in  winter  or  summer ; 
in  the  former  by  the  action  of  frost,  in  the   latter  by 
the  drying   influence  of  the  sun,    followed  by  rain  : 
either  way  it   crumbles  down  so  as  to  admit  of  its 
being  evenly  incorporated  with   the  soil,  and  helping 
it  to  hold  moisture,  and  in  this  condiiion  the  panicles 
of  the  clay  are  in  a  state  to  invite  the  roots  to  enter 
them,  which  they  do  freely.      In  light  dry  soil,  where 
a  selection  of  good  Rhododendrons  was  to  be  planted, 
I  have  worked  in  as  much  as  S  or  10  inches  of  clay. 
The  ground  was  prepared  during  summer  for  planting 
in  autumn  ;  half  the  quantity  was  laid  on  first  ;  as 
soon  as  fit  it  was  dug  in,  and  a  second  application 
followed.     Where  so  much  as  this  is  given,  if  all  put 
on  at  once  it  is  difficult  to  get  in  condiiion.     In  place 
of  letting  the  clay  have   time  to  thus  become  fully 
disintegrated,  it  is  not  unfrequently  dug  in  at  once, 
simply  chopping  it  in  pieces  with  the  spade,  in  which 
state  it  is  little  capable  of  holding  moisture,   besides 
being  impervious  to  the  roots.     I   have  seen  ground 
where  raw  clay  without   stint  had  been   added    for 
Rhododendrons,    and     which,    after     lying    several 
years,    was   little   altered   in  condition  j    the  square 
lumps  as  left  by  the  spade  had  kept  intact,  the  roots 
refusing  to  enter  them. 

In  parts  of  the  kingdom  where  the  rainfall  is  light 
and  the  subsoil  is  such  as  not  capable  of  retaining 
enough   moisture,    however    liberal    the   addition  of 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  4,  1885. 


clay  or  peat  may  be,  it  often  becomes  necessary 
to  water  freely  in  dry  spells  during  the  growing 
season. 

Where  large  breadths  of  Rhododendrons  are  grown, 
the  labour  involved  often  precludes  the  possibility  of 
this  being  done  unless  special  provision  in  the  shape 
of  hydrants  and  hose-pipes  is  made.  But  where  the 
natural  soil  is  of  a  character  to  require  additions,  such 
as  instanced,  it  is  better  to  keep  the  quantity  grown 
within  limits  ihal  will  admit  of  their  receiving  the 
attention  they  need.  There  are  no  plants  existent 
that  better  deserve  to  have  all  they  require  than 
Rhododendrons  ;  but,  the  young  shoots  flagging  day 
after  day,  as  may  often  be  seen  in  dry  summer  weather, 
is  the  certain  forerunner  of  a  thin  crop  of  flowers  the 
year  following,  and  a  sickly  condition  of  the  plants. 
One  o(  the  most  common  mistakes  made  in  pre- 
paring the  beds  for  these,  and  other  things,  in  dry 
districts,  is  rounding  them  up  in  the  middle  in  place 
uf  making  them  flat.  By  this  means  half  the  rain 
that  falls  runs  off  to  the  sides  instead  of  soaking 
equally  in  over  the  whole  surface.  The  advantage  of 
picking  the  flower-heads  ofT  as  soon  as  faded,  before 
seed  formation  takes  place,  is  sufficiently  known,  but 
far  from  being  generally  acted  upon.    1\  B. 


PROFITABLE  FRUIT  CULTURE. 

Mr.  Watkins,  a  practical  fruit  grower,  in  a  paper 
read  before  the  members  of  the  Herefordshire  Cham- 
ber of  Agriculture,  cited  two  successful  cases  of  Apple 
growing  last  season  that  came  under  his  own  notice. 
In  one  case  a  small  orchard  of  about  three  acres  was 
recently  planted  with  standard  Apple  trees  of  good 
sorts  for  table  and  kitchen  use.  The  trees  were  pro- 
perly cared  for  and  manured,  and  as  some  sorts  were 
found  to  be  growing  too  freely  they  were  root-pruned. 
The  result  was  a  magnificent  crop  of  fruit  last  season, 
which  realised  about  £\^  per  acre  after  paying  all 
expenses. 

In  the  other  case  an  orchard  was  placed  in  Mr. 
Watkins'  hands.  The  trees  were  a  mixture  of 
culinary,  dessert,  and  cider  Apples,  a  few  of  the  sorts 
being  inferior  ;  but  care  was  taken  in  picking  and 
selection,  and  there  was  a  profit  of  7^15  an  acre.  In 
both  cases  grass  was  grown  in  the  orchards,  and  paid 
the  rent.  On  the  other  hand,  he  said,  there  were 
hundreds  of  acres  of  orchards  in  the  county  that 
barely  paid  the  rent,  but  only  because  the  trees  were 
mostly  of  inferior  sorts,  not  fit  for  cider  or  any  other 
purpose. 

Many  more  than  the  188,000  acres  of  land  under 
fruit  in  the  United  Kingdom  might  be  similarly  em- 
ployed if  tenants  had  proper  security  for  their  capital, 
and  if  varieties  suitable  to  the  climate  and  soil  of  the 
district  were  selected.  All  sorts  of  small  Apples 
must  be  di&carjed  by  those  who  grow  for  profit — such 
sorts  as  Court  of  Wick,  Golden  Harvey,  Old  Golden 
Russet,  Downton  Pippin,  Pearson's  Plate,  Sam 
Young,  and  many  others. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  varieties  which 
succeed  in  most  soils,  and  should  be  extensively 
planted  : — Yorkshire  Beauty,  Keswick  Codlin,  and 
Echlinville  Seedling  for  early  culinary  Apples  ; 
Beauty  of  Kent,  Warner's  King,  Mere  de  Menage, 
Hambledon  Deux  Ans,  Blenheim  Orange,  and  Dume- 
low's  Seedling  for  mid-season  and  late  culinary 
supply  ;  Devonshire  Quarrenden,  Duchess  of  Olden- 
burg, and  Worcester  Pearmain  for  early  dessert 
Apples  ;  King  of  the  Pippins  (also  called  Prince's 
Pippin),  Seek  no- Further,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin, 
Duke  of  Devonshiie,  and  Devonshire  Pearmain  for 
mid-season  and  late  dessert  Apples;  and  Cherry 
Pearmain,  Cowarne  Red,  Forest  Styre,  and  Kingston 
Black  for  cider. 

In  an  exposed  situation  plant  rather  thickly,  say 
18  feet  to  20  feet  apart  ;  but  if  you  have  a  sheltered 
situation,  with  a  good  deep  and  generous  soil,  give 
the  trees  plenty  of  room — 30  feet  or  more.  Apple  or 
Pear  trees  may  be  planted  alternately  with  Plums  ; 
the  Plum  tree  is  a  much  shorter-lived  tree  than  the 
Apple  ur  Pear,  and  comes  into  bearing  sooner,  thus 
bringing  in  a  return  till  the  other  trees  get  fairly 
grown.  A  strong  grower  and  a  small  grower  may  be 
placed  alternately  each  way.  Vet  another  plan  is  to 
plant  them  in  hexagonal  form  instead  of  square  ;  that 
is,  instead  of  the  trees  being  exactly  opposite  each 
other  in  adjoining  rows,  they  are  midway,  thus  giving 
more  room  to  each  individual  tree  without  increasing 
the  distance  between  or  in  the  rows. 

In  filling  up  old  orchaids  never  plant  in  the  old 
holes  ;  it  is  better  to  get  the  trees  planted  irregularly 


than  to  do  this.  Deep  digging  is  essential  in 
planting  ;  but  the  trees  should  not  be  put  in  too 
deeply. 

,  The  want  of  care  in  picking  and  packing  the  fruit  i 
a  frequent  cause  of  logs'.  Mr.  Watkins  prefers 
autumn  planting,  except  in  cold  wet  soils,  where  he 
would  plant  in  spring,  not  later  than  March. 


POLEMONIUM    CONFERTUM. 

This  is  probably  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the 
genus.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  of 
Colorado,  and  of  the  Californian  Sierras.  It  is  of 
dwarf  habit,  more  or  less  densely  covered  with  Musk- 
scented  glandular  pubescence,  with  linear  pinnated 
leaves,  the  pinna;  very  numerous,  and  overlapping, 
roundish. oval  to  linear-oblong.  The  flowers  arc 
clustered  on  the  ends  of  the  stalks,  rich  blue, 
funnel-shaped,  about  half  an  inch  across,  and  have 
three  ovules  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary.     The  specimen 


from  which  our  figure  (fig.  3)  was  taken  was  grown  i 
the  garden  of  E.  G.  Loder,  Esq.,  of  Floore,  Weedoi 


ird]i(l  ][otf2  Hird  ll^amngs. 


CATTLEYA    MOSSI^    (WHITE   VARIETY). 

A  SVPERB  form  of  this  is  now  In  flower  with 
H.  M.  Pollett,  Esq.,  at  Fernside,  Bickley,  who  seems 
to  have  a  happy  knack  of  acquiring  good  things  and 
growing  th^m  to  perfection.  The  variety  in  question 
has  soft  white  sepals  and  petals  of  fine  substance. 
The  labellum  is  of  great  beauty,  the  throat  being 
veined  with  mauve,  merging  into  dark  orange,  show- 
ing the  white  veins,  which  also  run  into  the  pale 
mauve  tint  which  fronts  the  orange,  the  whole  of  the 
lip  being  edged  with  a  handsome  pure  white  fringe, 
half  an  inch  in  width.  It  is  one  of  the  very  best  of 
white  Mossises,  and  some  idea  of  the  massive  appear- 
ance of  its  flowers  may  be  formed  when  we  consider 
that   actual    measurement   proves  each    petal    to   be 


4  inches  in  length  and  3  in  width,  every  point  of  the 
flower  coming  into  a  perfect  circle.  Phalccnopsis 
Marine  and  several  phenomenal  Odontoglossums  have 
just  flowered  with  Mr.  Pollett,  whose  collection  always 
has  an  extraordinary  proportion  of  fine  things  in 
bloom.   7.  O'R. 

Odontoglossum  crispum. 

Baron  Schroder  has  most  kindly  sent  me,  as 
my  share  of  the  Conference  Exhibition,  three  varie- 
ties of  this  protean  plant.  I  think  if  any  varieties 
deserved  to  be  picked  out,  at  least  two  of  these  have 
the  greatest  claim.  As  to  my  private  taste,  I  admire, 
as  much  I  can  admire  a  plant,  the  one  I  have  called 
elegantissimum,  for  the  chaste  nobility  of  its  colours. 
As  is  the  general  rule  with  Baron  Schroder's 
consignments,  these  came  fresh  and  richly  represented, 
and  unusually  well  packed — the  flowers  in  the  thinnest 
paper,  then  in  cotton — so  that  they  did  not  come  out 
of  the  box  woolly  as  Iambs. 

la.  Saudcriana. — This  has  both  sepals  and  side 
petals  very  broad.  Sepals  nearly  covered  by  the 
finest  mauve-purple,  with  very  narrow  white  borders, 
and  one  or  two  small  white  included  areas.  Lip  with 
some  large  spots  of  the  same  colour.  Column  yellow, 
with  purple  below  the  top.  Wrings  of  column  exceed- 
ingly variable.  I  gladly  adopt  the  name,  which  would 
appear  to  have  been  given  at  the  Orchid  Conference 
in  honour  of  Mr.  F.  Sander.  It  is  the  highest  deve- 
lopment of  crispum  fastuosum  I  ever  saw. 

25.  Ballatitynei.  — This  has  the  sepals  nearly  covered 
with  a  grand  blotch  of  a  very  fine  colour.  I  nearly 
imitated  it  by  adding  sepia-brown  to  cinnamon.  Petals 
neatly  high  and  atigled,  with  one  or  several  similar 
spots,  but  showing  far  more  white,  producing  a  very 
good  contrast.  There  were  some  similar  but  smaller 
spots  on  the  lip  and  apex  of  the  column.  It  is  light 
yellow  at  the  base  of  the  column  and  at  the  base  and 
anterior  part  of  the  disc  of  the  lip,  and  at  last  place 
exceedingly  light. 

No.  3  is  ele^^antissima^  a  crispum  Alexandrae  gutta- 
tum,  with  an  unusually  broad  lip  and  some  mauve  at 
the  apex  and  base.  H.  G,  Rchb  f. 

Calanthes  and  their  Culture, 
Such  varieties  as  C.  Veitchii,  C.  superba,  &c., 
when  in  bloom,  are  very  generally  acknowledged  to 
be  exceedingly  decorative,  and  for  early  winter 
blooming  they  have  few  to  equal  them  for  usefulness. 
The  bloom-spikes  keep  in  perfection  a  long  time 
when  used  in  the  living-room,  as  pot  plants  in  vases, 
»S:c.,  and  the  flowers  are  equally  good  as  cut  bloom,  for 
which  they  are  very  suitable  if  kept  in  the  warmest 
part  of  the  conservatory,  and  kept  free  from  draughts 
of  cold  air,  and  given  but  little  water ;  they  are, 
therefore,  most  convenient  plants  for  the  decorative 
gardener  to  have  on  that  account.  I  grow  about 
seventy  pots  in  three  sizes,  viz.,  6-inch,  7-inch,  and 
8-inch  pots,  three  bulbs  in  each  pot.  I  select  the 
largest  bulbs  for  the  largest  pots,  and  with  the  fol- 
lowing treatment  they  bloom  about  the  middle  of 
October,  bearing  spikes  of  flowers  2\  to  3  feet  in 
length,  and  at  that  season,  when  good  flowers  are 
usually  very  scarce,  they  are  very  effective.  I  keep 
up  the  supply  of  them  till  January,  and  they  can  be 
kept  much  longer  if  required. 

About  the  middle  of  March  I  pot  them  into  the 
mree  sized  pots  as  above-mentioned.  The  compost  to 
be  used  may  consist  of  half  good  fibrous  loam,  one- 
fourth  turfy  peat,  and  one-fourth  of  dry  cowdung, 
well  mixed,  with  a  little  broken  charcoal.  The  cow- 
dung  should  be  thoroughly  dried  either  in  the  sun  or 
on  the  hot-water  pipes  till  it  is  quite  hard,  when  it 
should  be  broken  into  pieces  about  the  size 
of  Walnuts,  and  mixed  up  with  the  other  mate- 
rials. The  pots  should  be  well  drained,  and  the 
soil  should  be  firmly  pressed  round  each  bulb  when 
potted.  The  most  suitable  place  for  them  to  stand 
is  on  shelves  in  the  front  of  the  fruiting  Pine  stove, 
where  they  are  kept  till  the  flower-spikes  are  seen, 
about  the  middle  of  October  ;  and  as  they  come  into 
flower  they  are  removed  into  the  plant-stove  and 
drawing-rooms  and  conservatory.  Many  of  my  plants 
have  now  leaves  on  them  iS  inches  and  2  feet  long, 
which  require  very  great  care  and  attention  to  keep 
them  on  through  the  flowering  season.  The  tem- 
perature most  suitable  for  them  is  75°  to  80°  by  day, 
and  70"  by  night,  and  placed  on  a  light,  airy  shelf, 
shaded  from  the  sun,  during  the  daytime.  I  syringe 
them  daily  in  April,  May,  and  June,  but  not  after 
that  time,  but  keep  the  leaves  dry.  They  have  air 
every  day. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


13 


As  soon  as  the  plants  have  done  blooming  I  take 
them  back  to  the  Pine  stove,  and  pack  the  pois  away 
under  the  shelf,  putting  the  pots  on  their  sides.  They 
can  remain  there  till  potting-time  comes  again, 
when  the  bulbs  will  have  begun  to  throw  out  young 
shoots  at  the  sides,  indicating  that  it  is  time  to  recom- 
comence  operations.  I  shake  all  the  old  soil  from  the 
bulbs  at  repotting,  and  sink  the  bulbs  to  half  their 
length  in  the  soil. 

Propagation  is  very  easily  accomplished,  as  the 
bulbs  or  pseudobulbs,  when  they  are  dry  and  ripe, 
shed  the  top  of  the  bulbs,  which  will  strike  freely, 
and  make  new  plants  if  potted  in  the  same  soil  as 
recommended  for  the  older  bulbs.  Wm.  Smythe,  The 
Gardens,  Basing  Park,  Alton. 

Burmese  Dendrobes. 
In  the  ,.new  edition  of  Mason's  Burma  we  find 
the  following  notes  from  the  Rev.  C.  Parish  con- 
cerning D.  Dalhousieanum,  D.  calceolaria,  D. 
moschatum,  and  D.  f5mbriatum  :— "  Of  the  four 
species  here  described,  D.  Dalhousieanum  and 
D.  calceolaria  have  creamy-white  flowers  tinged 
with  rose.  D.  moschatum  and  D.  fimbriatum  have 
yellow  flowers.  D.  Dalhousieanum  may  always  ie 
infallibly  distinguished  by  the  purple  lines  on  the  first 
season's  stems,  whereas  those  of  D.  calceolaria  are 
stippled  and  not  striped.  As  the  stems  of  D.  moscha- 
turn,  however,  are  also  stippled,  I  know  no  mark 
whereby  to  distinguish  this  species  from  D.  cal- 
ceolaria when  out  of  flower.  When  in  flower  the 
colour  alone  (yellow)  is  sufficient  mark.  D.  fim- 
briatum may  at  all  times  be  distinguished  from  the 
other  three,  both  by  the  absence  of  all  special  mark- 
ing, and  by  the  circumstance  that  its  stems  (according 
to  my  experience)  invariably  taper  at  both  ends, 
being  stoutest  in  the  middle.  All  four  are  beautiful 
Orchids,  but  D.  Dalhousieanum  bears  the  palm.  I 
may  add,  that  D.  moschatum  and  D.  calceolaria 
smell  strongly  of  Rhubarb,  the  other  two  do  not. 
They  are  all  abundant  in  the  ten  Asserim  Provinces, 
except  D.  calceoria,  which  I  never  found  but  once." 


BUCHAN    HILL,    CRAWLEY. 

Our  illustration  (fig.  4)  represents  a  group  of 
garden  erections  which  have  recently  been  built  by 
Messrs.  H,  Ormson  &  Co.,  of  Chelsea,  horticultural 
builders,  for  P.  Saillard,  Esq.  These  houses  form 
a  rectangular  parallelogram  at  the  norlhetn  side  o 
the  kitchen  garden,  from  which  they  are  separated  by 
a  fence  or  espalier  of  fruit  trees.  The  conieal-rooled 
structure  in  the  left-hand  corner  is  a  reservoir  for 
water,  the  tank  being  overhead,  so  as  to  obtain 
sufficient  force  to  carry  the  water  to  any  point  in 
the  houses  and  gardens.  The  building  in  the  oppo- 
site corner  is  a  plant-house,  near  it  being  the  stoke- 
hole  and  boiler-house,  containing  the  two  Trentham 
boilers  with  which  the  houses  are  heated. 

The  northernmost  range  consists  of  a  span-roofed 
greenhouse  in  the  centre,  flanked  on  one  side  by  two 
vmeries,  an  early  and  a  Muscat-house,  and  on  the 
other  by  a  late  vinery,  the  end  divisions  of  the  ranee 
being  Peach-houses.  The  central  path  divides  a 
span-roofed  plant  stove  from  a  greenhouse  of  the  same 
external  construction.  The  span  house  to  the  right 
of  the  group  is  intended  for  a  late  vinery 
and  that  to  the  left  for  the  culture  of  Roses.  These 
four  span-roofed  houses  measure  each  60  feet  in  length 
by  20  feet  in  breadth.  The  smaller  erections  lying 
between  these  are  pits,  to  be  used  for  a  variety  of  use- 
ful purposes,  as  propagating.  Melon  and  Cucumber 
growing,  for  Pine-apples  fruiting  and  succession 
Gardenias,  &c.  Each  is  30  feet  long  and  14  feet 
wide. 

The  long  rows  of  pits  on  the  south  side  of  the  block 
comprise  two  warm  ones  and  two  cold  ones,  8S  feet 
long  by  6  feet  6  inches  wide-capital  adju'ncts  for 
vegetable  forcing.  The  whole  is  surrounded  by  a 
brick  wall,  on  which  it  is  intended  to  grow  fruit  trees 
In  the  construction,  the  best  Pitch  Pine  has  been  tm. 
ployed,  and  every  useful  modern  appliance  in  venti- 
lating has  been  adopted. 


Tree  Lupines.— These  are  plants  common  enough 
m  gardens  some  twenty  years  ago,  but  now  rarely 
seen.  At  Mr.  Barr's  nursery  at  Tooting  great  bushes 
of  them  are  to  be  found  7  feet  in  height,  perfectly 
loaded  with  their  short  spikes  of  primrose,  light  blue 
and  white.  They  are  well  adapted  for  shrubbeiy 
borders  and  the  like  places. 


14 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


tfuLV  4,  iSSj. 


FRUIT    TREES     IN     BOKHARA. 

Thf.  first  thing  that  struck  me,  says  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Linsdell  in  his  recently  published  work  on  Central 
Aii.i,  was  the  enormous  size  of  the  Apricot  trees,  stand- 
ing like  avenues  of  old  English  Pear  trees,  from  30  to 
40  feet  high,  whilst  in  circumference  the  first  I  mea- 
sured was  3  feet  10  inches,  and  the  next  5  feet  3  inches, 
the  latter  being  about  four  years  old. 

The  wood  is  good  for  fuel  only,  but  the  Bek  of 
Shihr  had  told  me  ihey  often  grow  so  many  Apricots 
that  they  do  not  trouble  to  gather  them.  They  have 
three  sorts  in  Bokhara,  the  earliest  being  ripe  towards 
the  middle  of  June.  A  second  kind,  white,  is  obtained 
by  gr.ifiing,  one  peculiarity  in  the  process  being  that 
Ihf  scion  is  first  dipped  into  a  bowl  of  fresh  cow's 
milk.  Of  a  third  and  reddish  kind,  the  stones  are 
hrgely  prepared  as  lood.  The  dried  Apricots,  called 
"  Mriark,"  of  which  I  had  read  so  much,  were  to  me 
disappointing,  and,  till  cooked,  uneatable. 

The  Cherry  and  Peach  trees  did  not  strike  me  as  so 
remarkable.  Both  are  usually  grown  from  the  stone. 
The  fruit  of  the  Cherry,  being  acid,  is  very  little  used. 
Peaches  are  of  three  varieties,  distinguished  as  red, 
white,  and  green.  When  sown  the  seed  is  put  in  the 
eulh  two  fingers  deep,  before  the  frosts  set  in  ;  water 
ii  then  let  in  and  allowed  to  freeze.  After  that  earth 
is  put  over  it  and  left  till  the  following  spring,  when 
the  ycung  shoots  are  transplanted  at  intervals  of  four 
piccs.  The  best  Peaches  are  said  to  come  from 
Samarkand. 

The  Vines  in  the  Bek's  garden  were  in  some  cases 
allowed  to  trail,  and  in  others  were  trained  to  form 
colonnades,  under  which  one  might  walk.  In  Bok- 
hara are  cultivated  thirteen  different  kinds,  and  of 
these  we  tasted  several.  A  small  round,  greenish 
variety,  called  "Kishmish,"  was  thought  much  of, 
but  there  were  larger  kinds,  the  berries  of  which 
measured  fiom  i  inch  to  \\  inch  in  length.  The 
mode  of  cultivation,  however,  was  to  me  more 
curious  than  their  flavour.  In  grafting,  the  stem 
being  cut,  they  raise  the  bark  all  round  for  half  an 
inch,  though  without  removing  it  from  its  point  ; 
they  then  peel  the  graft  for  an  equal  distance  and  fix 
it  on  the  stem,  binding  it  all  round  with  the  bark. 
The  two  soon  unite,  and  next  year  the  Vine  yields 
fiuit.  In  autumn  a  trench  is  made,  and  the  tops  of 
the  Vine  buried  beneath  the  soil  for  the  winter.  The 
soil  chosen  for  the  Vine  is  half  clay  and  half  sand, 
enriched  with  from  i  to  2  Ions  of  manure  to  the  acre. 
The  ground  is  usually  watered  twice  before  budding 
time,  and  once  towards  the  end  of  May,  when  the 
earth  is  completely  inundated  for  24  or  36  hours. 
A  '^ood  crop  averages  from  40  to  50  tons  to  the  acre. 
Towa.ds  the  end  of  the  summer  the  bunches  are 
enclosed  in  bags,  and  cut  off  later  on  to  be  suspended 
from  the  ceiling,  and  so  preserved  through  the  winter 
as  food,  but  not  pressed  for  wine.  On  the  manufac- 
ture of  this  I  neither  heard  nor  saw  anything  in  Bok- 
hara, unless  it  were  to  some  insignificant  extent 
among  the  Jews.  The  Bokhaiiots  use  the  Grape  for 
making  syrup  and  vinegar  and  for  raisins.  The  last 
is  done  by  exposing  the  picked  fruit  to  the  sun  on 
the  housetops  for  three  or  (our  days,  whilst  the  syrup 
is  made  by  treading  Grapes  in  a  cylinder  lined  with 
plaster,  refining  the  juice  with  pounded  clay,  and  then 
boiling  it  to  ihe  solidity  required. 

We  saw  likewise  in  our  garden  many  dwarf  Pome- 
granate and  Fig  trees,  planted  in  what  appeared  like 
sunken  beds,  the  muddy-looking  soil  at  the  bottom 
showing  that  it  was  so  d.ine  for  purposes  of  irrigation. 
The  Pomegranate  requires  a  more  sandy  soil  than  the 
\ine,  and  that  it  be  under  water  the  whole  of  every 
tiiiih  day.  A  tree  spiinging  from  seed  can  yield  fruit 
in  the  fourth  year.  Bokhara  Pomegranates  are 
excelled  by  those  of  Shari-saby.  where  also  is  a  pecu- 
liar kind,  wiih  small  seeds,  called  InJone,  or  seedless. 
The  Bukhaiiot  gardeners  think  the  crop  improved  by 
the  tree  being  dwarfed. 

The  Fig  tree  requires  no  peculiar  soil,  and  only  two 
fingers'  depth  of  manure  ;  but  as  the  fruit  advances 
towaids  matuiily  the  roots  have  to  be  covered  with 
water  three  days  in  the  week.  The  crop  is  usually 
finm  70  to  140  lb.  from  one  tree. 

They  have  two  kinds  of  Plums-yellow  and  black. 
Of  c juise,  by  October  1 1  we  were  late  for  fresh 
fruit,  but  I  observed  some  o(  the  iiah,  or  black 
Plums,  on  a  branch  suspended  in  a  shop,  which 
having  told  Vakoob  to  purchase,  I  found  particularly 
well  flavoured.  From  150  to  200  lb.  usually  grow  on 
one  tree.  There  were  in  our  garden  Apple  trees,  but 
n-jnc  of  the  1  tu  umn  fiuit.     These  last  are  brought 


from  Hazarasp,  but  I  cannot  say  much  for  the  flavour 
of  any  I  tasted  in  Central  A^ia,  as  compared  with 
good  sorts  in  England.  Of  Quince  trees  we  had 
noticed  abundance  at  Khokand  and  elsewhere.  They 
grow  on  almost  any  soil,  and  need  little  water.  The 
fruit  is  not  eaten  raw  in  Bokhara,  but  minced  meat  is 
mixed  with  them  ;  the  seeds  are  administered  in 
medicine,  the  pulp  is  used  in  soups,  and,  once  more, 
boiled  Quinces  are  prescribed  as  good  against  humours. 
The  various  sunken  beds,  to  which  I  have  referred, 
in  the  Bek's  garden,  were  connected  by  runnels  with 
the  quadrangular  pool  near  the  w'omen's  apartments, 
and  near  this  pond  were  shady  tiees  and  two  or  three 
flower-beds ;  but  of  flowers  there  were  only  three  or 
four  varieties,  and  those  of  the  commonest  in  England, 
The  Bokhariols  cultivate  flowers  only  to  a  very  limited 
extent — the  Rose,  however,  among  them — and  then 
not  for  ornament  in  the  house,  but  simply  to  be 
carried. 


THE   GENUS   ARCTOTIS. 

This  is  one  of  the  finest  of  the  interesting  and 
beautiful  Cape  genera  which  have  been  neglected  for 
a  long  series  of  years.  In  some  measure  this  neglect 
is  due  to  the  modern  taste  for  indoor  decoration, 
which  necessitates  the  devotion  of  considerable 
resources  and  attention  to  a  class  of  plants  suitable 
for  the  purpose.  Be  this  as  it  may,  we  are  assured 
that  popular  favour  may  be  revived,  by  the  late  satis- 
factory appreciation  of  alpine  and  herbaceous  plants 
which  formerly  suffered  the  same  neglect,  and  those 
who  do  appreciate  the  beautiful  Cape  Heaths  and 
choice  greenhouse  plants  in  general,  can  scarcely  do 
too  much  to  show  forth  their  claims  for  a  much  larger 
share  of  attention. 

Of  the  lout  cultivated  species  of  this  genus  two  at 
least  must  be  regarded  as  valuable  greenhouse  plants, 
and  another,  the  one  annual  kind  we  have,  is  orna- 
mental in  pots  or  on  the  border  out-of-doors.  They 
are  as  follows  :  — 

A.  aureola.  —This  very  fine  species  has  long  been 
an  inhabitant  of  our  gardens  ;  it  was  introduced  in 
1710,  was  figured  in  the  Botanical  Re>islei-  in 
1815,  and  during  later  years  it  has  been  known 
as  a  rarity  in  several  choice  collections.  For  a  long 
time  it  was  known  erroneously  as  A.  grandiflora,  but 
when  the  correct  name  was  applied  about  ihiee  ysajs 
ago,  Mr.  Harpur-Crewe  remembered  that  it  was  the 
name  he  originally  used.  Quite  wrongly,  I  think, 
judging  from  cultivated  specimens,  it  is  placed  by  Da 
Candolle  and  llarvey  as  a  variety  of  A.  aspera — a 
mistake,  I  believe,  because  it  is  in  no  degree  hispid 
or  scabrous,  but  always  soft  and  cottony,  and  because 
it  appears  specifically  distinct  from  ihe  undoubted 
variety  we  cultivate  as  arborescens.  The  figure  in 
the  BolaiiiLal  Kc:>uto\  t.  32,  evidently  represents  our 
plant,  though  the  colour  was  made  or  has  become 
too  dark.  A  coloured  plate,  drawn  from  Cambridge 
specimens  which  had  been  verified  at  Kew,  was 
published  in  the  Garden,  October  14,  iSSi.  Mr. 
(jumbleton,  in  a  letter  to  me  shortly  before,  pointed 
out  that  it  could  not  be  A.  grandiflora,  but  that  it 
was  rather  A.  aureola.  He  also  said  in  the  same 
communication— "  Mr.  Crewe  writes  me  that  when 
first  he  got  the  plant  from  the  late  King  of  Scilly, 
-•Vugustus  Smith,  it  was  named  A.  aureola,  and  he  so 
called  it  for  several  years,  till  he  found  every  one 
else  who  had  it,  called  it  grandiflora.  In  habit  it  forms 
a  small  stiff  erect  shrub  ;  the  stems  are  covered  with 
silky  tomentum,  is  also  are  the  leaves,  which  have  a 
silvery  appearance  ;  they  are  pinnatifij,  with  long, 
spreading  and  undulated  lobes.  The  flower-heads 
are  4 — 4^  inches  across,  and  the  rays  are  of  fine 
orange  colour,  without  dark  basal  blotches,  in  the 
absence  of  which  it  differs  conspicuously  from  A. 
grandiflora. 

The  cultivation  of  this  species  is  not  perfectly  easy, 
for  although  it  does  not  often  die,  it  is  liable  to  be- 
come yellowish  if  it  is  not  happy  at  the  root.  I  have, 
however,  I  think,  found  a  means  of  growing  it  well 
without  trouble,  and  that  is  by  grafting  it  upon  A. 
arborescens,  which  is  always  robust  and  strong.  A 
specimen  so  grafted  last  spring  is  now  strong  and 
healthy;  it  has  made  free  growih,  and  is  the  best  I 
have.  It  has  had,  I  think,  five  flower-heads  open  at 
once  on  the  same  branch,  and  each  about  45  inches 
across.  The  grafts  .ippear  to  take  no  more  easily  than 
the  cuttings  root,  but  the  after  success  is  evidently 
worth  the  trouble  of  grafting.  Cuttings  are  most 
easily  rooted  in  July  and  August,  and  they  must 
have    hard    wood    for     insertion     in     the     soil,    as 


soft  tissue  is  sure  to  rot.  The  cuttings  should 
stand  on  a  greenhouse  shelf  with  but  sligh 
shade,  and  a  bell-glass  should  not  be  used,  as 
it  appears  by  enclosing  moisture  to  do  more 
harm  than  goad.  I  think,  however,  when  a  suffi- 
cient amount  of  care  can  be  assured  in  watering,  that 
a  bell-glass  may  be  of  service.  Gardeners  who  suc- 
ceed well  in  striking  Centaurea  ragusina  will  succeed 
with  this,  as  it  requires  similar  treatment,  being  of  a 
somewhat  like  nature,  though  it  is  of  more  delicate 
vitality.  In  potting  it  is  important  not  to  use  unne- 
cessarily large  pots,  because  a  large  body  of  soil  with 
few  roots  is  liable  to  remain  too  long  wet.  The 
drainage  must  be  good,  and  the  soil  should  consist 
of  good  loam  with  enough  grit  or  sand  to  permit  free 
percolation  of  water.  In  winter  the  plants  grow, 
following,  as  many  kinds  do,  the  time  of  their  activity 
in  a  wild  state,  and  therefore,  though  growth  should 
not  be  encouraged,  it  must  be  allowed,  and  water 
should  be  given  to  keep  the  soil  in  only  just  appre- 
ciably moist  condition.  The  object  is  to  have  as 
much  growth  as  possible  in  the  longer  days  of  spring, 
when  the  flowers  are  much  the  finest,  though  they  are 
produced  also  at  other  times  of  the  year,  often  freely 
in  summer,  but  principally  after  Christmas.  I  have 
never  known  good  seeds  to  be  saved  from  this,  or  the 
two  other  frutescent  species,  and  I  have  failed  to 
cross  it  with  A.  aspera  var.  arborescens.  I  have 
tried  A.  aureola  in  the  open  ground,  out-of-doors  in 
summer,  where  A.  aspera  arborescens  does  so  well, 
but  it  did  not  flower,  and  the  general  result  was  not 
so  good  as  by  pot  cultivation,  though  Mr.  Harpur- 
Crewe  has  found  it  tffeciive  as  a  summer-bedding 
plant,  and  therefore  it  will  have  to  be  tried  again. 
In  Scilly  it  is  perfectly  hardy. 

A.  aspera  var.  aihjresccm. — I  found  this  plant 
when  I  came  to  the  Cambridge  BManic  Garden,  and 
I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  that  it  was  cultivated 
anywhere  else  at  that  lime.  I  find  in  the  University 
Herbarium  a  specimen  named  A.  aspera  dated  1826,  'i 

so  that  probably  it  has  been  cultivated  from  or  before  m 

that  year  to  the  present.  In  the  Bolanual  Magazine 
Sir  Joseph  Hooker  says  "  It  was  cultivated  in  England 
befoie  1710,  and  in  Holland  much  earlier,  for  it  is 
described  in  Johan  Commelyn's  IforCtts  Medicus 
Anislelodamensis,  published  in  1697,  as  "  Anemolo- 
speimos  Africana,  foliis  Cardui  Benedict!,  florum 
radiis  intus  sulphureis."  There  is  a  figure  of  it  in 
Jacquin's  Horlu!  Schanbniuensis,  published  in  1797, 
and  the  next  after  is  the  beautiful  one  in  the  Bolameal 
Magazine,  1S80,  t.  652S.  This  is  the  A.  arborescens 
of  De  Candolle,  that  of  Willdenow  being  the  A. 
maculata  of  the  Bolanical  Resisler,  t.  130,  and  of 
Jacquin,  Horitts  ScJionlirnnemis,  ii,,  171,  which  is 
--\.  aspera  var.  scabra  of  De  Candolle's  Prodromus 
and  Harvey  and  Sondei's  flora  Capcnsii.  Our  plant 
differs  from  it  in  the  colour  of  the  flower,  and  in 
having  softer  foliage.  Willdenow's  A.  arborescens 
has  white  ray-florets  tipped  with  orange,  and  orange- 
coloured  beneath,  while  the  rays  of  this  plant  are 
cieamy-white,  yellow  at  the  base,  and  tinted  below 
with  rosy-pink.  It  is  described  by  De  Candolle,  but 
omitted  by  Harvey.  Besides  the  figure  in  the  Bolanical 
Magazine,  from  Cambridge  specimens,  there  is  an 
illustration  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  from  the  same 
source  February  3,  1SS3,  p.  145.  It  is  certainly  a 
valuable  species,  and,  unlike  A.  aureola,  it  is  grown 
and  propagated  with  the  greatest  facility.  It  is 
shrubby  in  habit,  but  the  stems  are  weak  and  require 
some  support  in  pots  ;  out-of-doors  in  beds  this 
decumbent  habit  is  advantageous,  as  the  plant  spreads 
instead  of  becoming  unduly  tall,  and  no  sticks  are 
necessary.  The  leaves  are  extremely  elegant,  oblong, 
or  oval,  and  pinnatifid  with  lanceolate  lobes,  angu- 
larly toothed,  and  undulated.  The  flower-heads  are 
from  2^  to  3  inches  across,  and  coloured  as  before 
described. 

For  cultivation  in  the  greenhouse  it  is  one  of  the 
most  charming  of  Composites,  and  the  flowers  are 
chiefly  produced  during  late  winter  and  spring.  The 
cut  flowers  are  very  lovely  in  vases,  and  they  remain 
open  at  night,  though  on  the  plant  they  close.  The 
buds  are  pretty  because  of  the  flush  of  pink  beneath 
the  ray,  and  they  expand  well  in  water.  As  a  flower- 
bed plant  I  have  found  it  extremely  attractive,  though 
it  does  not  flower  until  some  considerable  growth  has 
been  made  ;  it  forms  an  excellent  undergrowth  for 
such  large-leaved  plants  as  Ricinus,  and  the  creamy 
flowers  and  light  green  foliage  contrast  well  with  the 
led-Ieaved  kinds.  Its  cultivation  is  so  easy  that  little 
need  be  said  ;  it  should  have  a  position  always  in  lull 
light,  and  in  striking  cuttings  it  is  better  to  give  too 
little  than  too  much  water.     R.  I.  Lynch. 

(lobe  continued.) 


July  4,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


15 


lloiiisls'    flouj^rs. 


THE  CALCEOLARIA. 
It  will  now  be  quite  time  to  sow  seeds  of  the  choice 
florists'  strain.  These  showy  flowers  are  almost  indis* 
pensable  ornaments  in  our  greenhouses  and  conserva- 
tories during  the  summer  months  ;  they  make  a  splen- 
did display  during  April  and  May.  Those  of  us  who 
have  been  watching  the  progress  made  in  the  way  of 
improvement  during  the  past  thirty  years  feel  con* 
fident  that  it  has  been  much  greater  in  the  past  decade 
than  it  was  in  the  twenty  years  preceding  it.  The 
newer  brilliant  colours,  such  as  orange-scarlet,  crimson, 
crimson-scarlet,  crimson  tinted  magenta,  lS:c.,  are  not 
only  valuable  acquisitions  as  regards  colour,  but  the 
flowers  themselves  are  of  full  size  and  good  form, 
thickly  placed  on  dwarf  plants,  or  at  least  dwarf  in 
comparison  with  the  named  varieties  of  the  old 
florists,  which  were  borne  on  stems  2  feet  high  or 
more.  The  best  or,  indeed,  the  only  way  of  propa- 
gating these  Calceolarias  is  by  sowing  the  seeds  as 
soon  as  they  are  ready  in  fine  sandy  soil,  placing  the 
pots  or  pans  in  frames  or  hand-glasses  in  a  shady 
place.  A  frame  facing  north  or  a  handlight  behind  a 
low  wall  is  as  good  a  position  as  can  be  found  for  the 
young  plants  when  they  vegetate.  The  tiny  seeds 
must  scarcely  be  covered  with  the  finest  soil  or  sand. 
It  is  necessary  to  shade  from  the  sun  until  the  plants 
are  well  up  ;  indeed,  at  no  period  of  their  growth 
should  they  be  exposed  to  the  scorching  rays  of  the 
summer's  sun.  If  this  should  happen  during  the 
process  of  the  vegetation  of  the  seeds  the  embryo 
plants  would  all  be  killed.  Prick  off  the  little  seed- 
lings as  soon  as  it  is  possible  to  handle  them,  if  the 
plants  vegetate  thickly  in  the  seed-pans — they  soon 
die  oft  from  overcrowding  if  not  speedily  separated. 


It  is  safe  to  say  that  few  hard-wooded  plants  are 
more  easily  grown  than  the  Azaleas  if  they  are  kept 
clean,  and  one  or  two  essential  points  in  their  culture 
carefully  considered.  At  present  they  are,  or  ought 
to  be,  making  or  completing  their  growth  in  the  hot- 
house. At  that  time  they  luxuriate  in  a  moist  Cucum- 
ber-house or  rine-house  temperature,  being  shaded 
from  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun.  They  ought  also  to 
be  well  supplied  with  water  at  the  roots  and  over- 
head. Those  not  repotted  ought  to  be  surface- 
dressed  with  some  artificial  manure.  I  have  always 
used  a  small  quantity  of  guano — a  teaspoonful  to  a  pot 
10  inches  in  diameter,  I  mix  with  it  a  good  handful 
of  sandy  peat,  and  spread  the  mixture  thinly  over  the 
surface.  The  small  rootlets  soon  form  a  perfect  net- 
work in  the  dressing  :  another  may  be  applied  in 
two  weeks.  This  causes  a  very  vlgourous  growth, 
and  the  leaves  become  of  a  darker  green.  On  some 
plants  the  flower-budi  set  too  thickly  ;  ia  ihit  case  it 
is  best  to  thin  them  out.  When  the  buds  are  set, 
give  more  air,  less  shade  and  heat,  the  plants  to  be 
ultimately  placed  out-of-doors  ;  but  do  not  be  in  too 
great  a  hurry  to  place  them  outside.  Azaleas  do  best 
out-of-doors  in  the  late  autumn,  when  the  leaves  are 
laden  with  dew  from  dusk  to  daybreak.  J.  Doii:;las. 


the  public  generally,  as  it  would  then  know  with  rea- 
sonable certainty,  when  making  purchases,  that  the 
plants  were  what  they  were  said  to  be.  Mr.  Barr  is 
especially  to  be  commended  fur  his  useful  endeavours 
in  the  way  of  clearing  up  the  many  disputed  and 
doubtful  facts  in  connection  with  Preinies. 

Irises. 
Of  the  germanica,  squalen?,  and  variegata  species, 
the  flowers  were  mostly  over,  and  the  best  of  the  re- 
maining ones  were  being  cut  for  an  impending  show. 
That  a  worjjjerfully  complete  collection  has  been  here 
got  together  admits  of  no  doubt,  and  the  success  that 
13  seen  in  their  culture  proves  that  the  soil  suits  them 
generally  to  perfection.  It  was  a  great  treat  to  see 
great  beds  of  Iris  virginiana,  sheets  of  blue  and  white, 
the  flower-stalks  tall  and  slender,  and  the  newly 
opened  flowers  unrivalled  in  their  colours.  These 
plants  always  look  best  in  colonies,  as  in  isolated 
small  patches  the  delicate  blues,  purples,  bronzes, 
browns,  and  other  colours  not  easily  described,  are  not 
noticeable  in  the  same  degree.       * 


|lau{2  and  i\\n\  fultun/. 


DIVERSE  FERNS. 
There  are  several  species  of  exotic  Ferns  which 
deserve  more  recognition  than  they  generally  receive 
in  most  gardens.  Notably  so  is  this  the  case  with 
Asplenium  cicutarium,  than  which  it  is  hardly  pos- 
sible to  select  a  more  light  and  elegant  Fern  when 
well  grown  in  large  Go's,  or  even  in  smaller  pots 
than  these.  It  has  a  special  adaptability  for  cultiva- 
tion in  small  pots,  and  in  such  we  have  used  it 
effectively  in  groups  at  exhibitions,  and  likewise  in 
dinner-table  decorations,  placing  the  pot  in  a  finger 
basin  and  tilling  in  the  intervening  space  between  the 
pot  and  glass  with  fresh  green  moss.  This  Fern  is 
not  one  of  the  easiest  to  propagate,  but  if  a  well  estab- 
lished plant  can  be  obtained,  seedlings  can  be  secured, 
and  a  fctock  gradually  worked  up.  The  tinted  Adian- 
turns,  A.  linctum  and  .\.  rubellum,  are  also  very 
pretty  in  a  small  size,  being  distinct  and  striking  in 
the  beautiful  lints  of  their  younger  fronds.  Cheilanlhes 
hirta  Ellisiana  is  one  o(  the  most  effective  of  its  genus, 
of  stronger  growth  than  C.  elegans,  and  of  a  deeper 
green  shade.  This,  like  the  Asplenium  just  named, 
is  most  useful  when  of  a  medium  size,  and  is  very 
readily  propagated  from  spores.  When  growing  this 
genus  it  is  well  to  allow  them  an  abundant  supply  of 
water  at  the  roots,  and  a  rather  dry  atmospheric  con- 
dition if  possible.  Hypolepis  distans,  of  semi-scan- 
dent  growth,  is  a  rarely  seen  Fern  which  thrives  well 
in  a  cool  moist  house,  and  can  be  increased  both  by 
division  and  from  seed.  Onychium  japonicum  can 
be  increased  in  a  similar  manner,  being  an  excellent 
and  durable  Fern  for  conservatory  decoration,  where 
Pteris  tremula  can  likewise  be  turned  to  a  good 
account,  particularly  during  the  summer  months. 
James  Hudson^  Gunncrsbnty  House  Gardens^  Aclon. 


therefore  whenever  necessary  give  diluted  manure- 
water  at  the  toots  abundantly,  and  see  also  that  the 
outside  borders  do  not  lack  for  this  element. 

In  those  houses  where  the  Grapes  are  ripe, 
and  these  are  retpiired  to  hang  on  the  Vines  for 
soms  time  to  come,  it  will  be  necessary  to  keep 
the  house  cool  and  moderately  moist,  giving  them 
air  at  all  times,  and  an  abundance  of  it  during 
the  prevalence  of  hot  dry  weather.  Although  these 
conditions  are  indispensable  to  keep  them  fresh  and 
plump,  these  should  however  be  exposed  by  degrees, 
so  that  the  temperature  accorded  to  the  Vines  during 
the  ripening  process  is  not  brought  down  low  too 
suddenly.  In  houses  in  which  Grapes  are  now  colour- 
ing, the  temperature,  both  by  night  and  by  day,  should 
be  kept  as  uniformly  as  possible  at  about  70"  and  So' 
respectively  ;  for  this  purpose  a  little  fire-heat  will  at 
times  be  required,  so  that  the  air  at  the  apex  of  the  hcuse 
may  be  admitted  constantly,  thereby  ensuring  a 
circuLation  of  a  warm  and  genial  nature.  When 
sunshine  abounds,  freely  ventilate  and  also  maintain  a 
moderate  degree  of  moisture  by  sprinkling  available 
places  within  the  house.  G.  T.  Mites,  Wycombe  Abbey 
Gardens. 


MESSRS.    BARR'S    GROUNDS, 
TOOTING. 

Herbaceous  F/EOnies  are  just  at  present  obtaining 
special  attention  at  Mr.  Earr's  hands,  and  we  found 
the  finest  collection  of  these  showy  plants  which  it  is 
perhaps  possible  to  meet  with  anywhere  in  this 
country.  In  making  the  collection  much  difficulty 
has  been  met  with,  owing  to  the  confusion  existing  in 
the  various  subsections  of  the  genus,  different 
authorities  holding  a  variety  of  views  as  to  which  are 
the  distinguishing  points  of  P.  mollis,  I',  edulis,  P. 
oflicinalis,  P.  decora,  P.  paradoxa,  iS;c.,  and  even  if 
any  order  may  eventually  be  arrived  at  in  the  modified 
chaotic  condition  of  the  genus  there  will  yet  remain 
the  parentage  of  the  various  hybrids  to  clear  up. 

The  quantity  of  plants  that  have  arrived  at  a 
flowering  age,  and  which  have  been  collected  at  no 
small  expense  from  home  and  Continental  sources, 
permits  of  a  botanist  identifying,  by  means  of  the 
excellent  living  material,  many  of  the  species  with  a 
maximum  of  certainty.  And  should  that  desirable 
object  be   attained,  much  benefit  ought  to  accrue  to 


]pF(UIT?     'pNDEi^    "C^LAgg. 


T  HE  \  \  N  I'.  R  Y. 
In  early  started  vineries  the  Grapes  will,  ere  now, 
be  cleared  off  the  Vines  entirely.  This  will  allow  the 
ordinary  course  of  syringing  them  twice  a  day  now 
to  proceed  uninterruptedly.  On  sunny  days,  however, 
the  surface  of  the  borders  should  also  be  thoroughly 
well  moistened,  in  order  to  keep  the  atmosphere  cool 
and  salubrious — a  condition  much  needed  about  early 
started  Vines  at  this  season  for  the  preservation  of 
their  foliage  and  for  the  perfecting  of  the  wood.  As 
the  season  advances  and  the  foliage  on  these  Vines 
matures  and  becomes  thin  the  surface  or  mulching 
materials  on  outside  borders  will  naturally,  by 
the  powerful  effects  of  sunshine,  be  liable  to 
become  dry  much  sooner  than  before ;  as  this 
material  is  undoubtedly  permeated  by  the  young 
roots,  which  should  be  carefully  preserved,  it 
will,  under  those  conditions,  be  advisable  to  add  a 
little  more  to  the  mulching  material  for  this  purpose, 
and  thus  encourage  these  rootlets  to  grow  and  take 
up  the  nourishment  which  is  applied  for  the  benelit 
of  the  Vines,  which  at  this  season  need  much  support ; 


WALL  TREIiS. 


Peach,  Nectarine,  and  Apricot  trees  on  walls 
should  by  this  time  have  all  superfluous  shoots  thinned 
out  to  the  proper  distance  apart.  Nothing  is  ever 
gained  by  having  the  shoots  crowded  ;  from  9  to  12 
inches  apart  is  a  good  distance,  but  it  is  better  to  err 
on  the  side  of  having  the  shoots  too  thin,  than  crowded 
thickly  on  the  walls.  Where  any  gross  shoots 
appear  they  should  be  cut  back  to  one  or  two  eyes  so 
as  to  encourage  a  side  growth  to  take  the  place  of  the 
gross  shoot  — (or  these  last  seldom  bear  any  fruit  and 
as  a  rule  only  rob  the  tree  if  allowed  to  grow  un- 
checked. Pears,  Plums,  and  Apples,  on  walls,  should 
have  all  side  shoots  stopped,  and  well  thinned  out. 
Where  there  is  little  fruit  on  the  trees,  it  will  be  found 
that  such  tree  will  make  strong  growth  instead  of 
forming  fruit-buds.  These  shoots  are  better  thinned  out 
by  breaking  a  number  of  them  right  oil'  the  stems.  This 
is  to  be  preferred  to  cutting  back  to  one  or  two  eyes, 
as  by  cutting,  a  thicket  of  young  growth  ensues  instead 
of  fruit-buds  forming.  Bush  and  and  other  trees  may 
be  treated  in  the  same  manner.  Cherries  and  Plums 
may  be  budded  at  any  time  during  the  month.  Straw- 
berry runners  not  required  for  forcing  or  forming  new 
plantations  may  be  removed  every  week,  should  lime 
permit.  If  not  convenient  to  layer  in  pots,  they  may 
be  lifted,  and  pricked  out  thickly  in  a  frame,  where, 
if  kept  shaded  and  well  watered,  they  soon  form 
plants  6t  for  potting  up,  or  for  making  new  plantations. 
J.  Smith,  Mint  more,  Btut^s. 


\ht    Sit4 


SEED    SOWING. 

Any  spare  ground  at  the  foot  of  sunny  walls  should 
now  be  sown  with  French  Beans,  and  dwarf  early  Peas, 
placing  the  seed  at  about  i  foot  distant  from  the  wall, 
as  in  Potato  planting.  Both  these  will  continue  bear- 
ing in  the  autumn  much  longer  than  plants  in  the 
open  border,  they  are  also  easily  protected.  Should 
the  soil  be  dry,  water  the  drills  just  previous  to  sowing, 
and  as  soon  as  large  enough  they  should  be  well 
mulched.  A  frame  of  each  should  also  be  sown  ;  not 
placing  the  lights  over  them  until  the  nights  get  cool 
in  the  autumn.  The  following  varieties  of  Peas  are 
suitable  for  sowing  in  frames  in  the  middle  of  July  :  — 
American  Wonder,  Chelsea  Gem,  and  McL-an's 
Little  Gem. 

A  good  sowing  of  Cos  Lettuces  should  take  place 
in  the  (irst  or  second  week  in  July  ;  these  will  be 
full  grown  before  frost  sets  in,  and  il  lifted  and  placed 
in  frames  or  houses,  will  keep  up  the  supply  for  a  month 
or  so  later.  Hick's  Hardy  is  the  best  green  Cos  for 
this  purpose.  Unless  with  the  idea  of  lifting  when 
partly  grown,  to  place  in  frames,  the  above  should  be 
the  last  sowing  of  white  and  green  Cos.  About  the 
middle  of  July  sow  a  good  bed  of  hardy  Brown  Cos 
and  several  good  winter  varieties  of  Cabbage  Lettuce, 
such  as  Hammersmith  Hardy  Green,  Stanstead  Park, 
and  Hardy  Dutch.  The  last  outdoor  sowing  of  Cab- 
bage varieties  should  be  made  the  beginning  of 
August  ;  these  will  come  in  for  planting  under  wails 
and  in  sheltered  positions,  or  planting  in  frames. 
Endive  sowing  may  now  commence.  G,  H,  Ricttards^ 
Somerley,  Rin^u'ooJ,  Hants. 


i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  i8 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK 


bury  Park  (two  days). 

:?aleof  Imported  Orchicls,  at  Protheroc  & 
Morris'  kooms. 

Lee,  Blackheath,  and  Lewisham  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Show  (two  days) 

National   Rose  Society's    Rose    Show,    at 

Royal   Caledonian    Horticultural    Society's 

I      Show  (two  days). 
Sale  of  Plants,  at  Park  Gates.  Wanstead, 

L     by  Protheroe  fit  Morris. 

(  Hereford     and     West     of    England    Rose 
THMRcn.v        T..l,r   r.J      Sociciv's  show,  at  Herefotd 
iHURSD/T,      July   5<  s^ijof  Importation  ol  Rare  Orchids  from 

(      Mr.  F.  Sander,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

f  Chiselton,  Chester,  Rose  Show. 
Friday,  July  io-{  sale    of    Imported    Orchids,  at    Protheroc 

L      &  Morris'  Rooms. 

f  Royal  Botanic,  Manchester:  National  Rose 
Satlrdav,       July  ti  <      Society's  Show,  at  Manchester. 


IT  is  now  a  matter  of  certainty  that  the  visi- 
tors at  our  v.irious  floral  exhibitions  are 
most  numerous,  and  linger  the  longest  over 
the  bank  devoted  to  the  Orchids.  This  is 
not  at  all  surprising,  for  there  is  much  in 
such  groups  to  arrest  and  fi.x  the  attention 
of  those  who  know  little  and  of  those  who  have 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  numerous 
forms  and  varieties  that  are  then  displayed  ; 
here  opportunities  are  offered  for  comparing 
forms  that  may  have  been  seldom  seen,  or  in- 
specting varieties  that  are  quite  new,  whether 
natural  hybrids  or  those  that  are  the  product  of 
the  skilful  and  patient  hybridist  ;  or,  again,  to 
gaze  upon  old  favourites  which,  under  the  hand 
of  a  clever  grower  and  equally  clever  exhibitor, 
are  displayed  in  such  a  manner  that  the  older 
forms  often  seem  to  be  the  best  ;  and  a  deter- 
mination is  formed  to  endeavour  at  home  to 
encourage  growth  and  vigour  in  those  under 
culture,  so  that  the  best  results  may  be  obtained 
in  growth  and  flower.  All  this  comes  to  the 
mind  of  those  already  possessing  a  knowledge, 
and  having  a  collection  at  home  to  work 
upon  ;  and  then,  too,  to  the  many  who 
have  but  vague  ideas  respecting  this  class 
of  plants,  those  who  simply  gaze,  and 
wonder,  who  express  astonishment  and  surprise 
at  every  turn,  whether  in  the  inspection  of  the 
bulbs,  roots,  or  singular  flowers.  Numerous 
examples  of  each  class  are  always  to  be  found 
around  the  Orchid  groups,  and  doubtless  for 
many  years  to  come  it  will  still  be  the  same  ;  and 
yet  one  cannot  help  thinking  that  even  in  this 
interesting  class  of  plant,,  as  we  have  hitherto 
seen  them,  there  is  room  for  improvement — 
that  changes  may  be  introduced  which  would 
certainly  be  beneficial,  to  the  plants,  to  the 
exhibitor,  and  to  the  general  public.  For  some 
time  past  a  laudable  attempt  has  been  made,  and 
if  this  is  followed  up  more  assiduously  and 
determinedly  it  will,  as  certainly  as  anything 
can  be  predicted,  be  of  service  to  the  plants. 
We  allude  to  the  offering  of  prizes  for  bond  fide 
specimens.  No  doubt,  in  the  original  offer 
of  prizes  at  our  different  exhibitions,  bond  fide 
specimens  were  intended  to  be  shown  ;  but 
gradually,  a  lax  and  tolerant  spirit  creeping  in, 
many  specimens  were  admitted  that  by  no 
attempt  of  reasoning  or  sophistry  could  be 
looked  upon  as  single  plants,  until  at  the  pre- 
sent time  the  chances  are,  that  at  most  of  our 
shows  made-up  plants  are  as  numerous  as  those 
that  are  single  specimens. 

All  have  transgressed  more  or  less  in  this 
matter  ;  but  though  adopting  the  method  nine 
out  of  every  ten  disapprove  of  the  practice,  and 
would  much  rather  show  their  plants  just  as 
they  are  grown.  Now  to  show  si.xteen  Orchids 
there  are  often  fifty,  sometimes  sixty,  and  it  may 
have  happened  a  larger  number  even  than  that 
have  been  used,  shaken  out,  worked  in,  so  that 
an  effective  group  may  be  set  up.  Now  instead 
of  thus  jeopardising,  risking,  and  too  often 
sacrificing  a  large  number  of  plants,  why  not 
make  classes  for  larger  numbers  of  plants— say 
a  class  for  fifty  pl.-nts,  admitting  three  of  a  sort  ? 
This  would  bring  greater  variety  into  collections, 
and  would  be  equally  certain  to  bring  the  best 


grower  to  the  front.  Another  class  for  thirty — 
these  should  be  mixed  groups  ;  then  again  a 
class  for  twelve  Cattleyas  and  Ljelias,  two  of  a 
kind  ;  the  same  for  Cypripediums,  and  also 
Odontoglossums,  with  a  clear  understanding 
that  they  are  bci>id  fide  specimens,  not  made-up 
or  plunged  for  showing  purposes.  Each  group 
should  have  worked  in  with  it  a  stipulated 
number  of  Adiantum  cuneatum,  in  5  or  6-inch 
pots,  so  arranged  that  the  light  fronds  of  the 
Fern  may  help  to  throw  up  the  beauty 
of  the  flower,  as  well,  also,  to  hide  in 
some  degree  the  harshness  of  the  flower- 
pot, or  the  angularity  of  the  baskets,  or 
the  rusticity  of  the  blocks  upon  which  some 
may  be  growing.  This  method  would  be  bene- 
ficial to  the  plants,  it  would  also  be  an  advan- 
tage to  the  grower,  for  how  often  after  a  show 
where  made-up  plants  have  been  admitted  has 
one  to  look  along  the  stage  in  the  Orchid- 
houses  and  note  at  a  glance,  by  shrivelled  bulbs 
and  sickly  leaves  of  such  and  such  an  one  that 
was  used  on  an  important  occasion,  and  is  now 
suffering  on  account  of  the  ruthless  manner  in 
which  it  was  then  treated.'  Such  sickly  subjects 
are  the  cause  of  considerable  annoyance  to 
master  and  man.  And  then  to  the  public — first 
those  who  understand  and  know  what  Orchids 
should  be — is  there  any  pleasure  to  them  in 
seeing  thirty  spikes  of  Odontoglossum  Alex- 
andrae  all  huddled  together  in  a  pan  a  yard 
across  ?— in  a  score  of  plants  of  Masdevallias 
placed  with  geometric  precision  in  a  square 
deal  tray  .'—or  a  heap  of  Oncidium  concolor 
fixed  round  an  immense  block? — or  a  company 
of  Cypripedium  barbatum  and  its  varieties 
worked  in  so  exactly  that  the  flowers  face  all  to 
the  front  .■■  It  is  a  pity  that  plants  should  be  sub- 
jected to  such  treatment  ;  and  then  the  general 
public — those  who  having  a  few  plants  at  home, 
are  ever  comparing  their  little  plants  with  the 
elephants  at  the  show,  imagining,  through  im- 
perfect knowledge,  that  the  plants,  as  staged, 
are  the  standard  by  which  their  own  should  be 
judged ;  and  thus  a  painstaking  and  careful  man 
at  home  is  placed  at  a  disadvantage  because  he 
cannot  produce  anything  like  the  plants  at  the 
show.  And  again,  those  who  have  no  know- 
ledge whatever  of  the  culture  and  practices  of 
Orchid  growing  and  exhibiting — these  often 
receive  wrong  and  false  impressions  when  such 
unnatural  masses  are  placed  before  them  ;  but 
if  the  plants  were  staged  in  the  manner  sug- 
gested, a  great  advantage  would  be  obtained, 
and  the  groups  at  our  shows  would  be  much 
more  effective  and  pleasing  than  the  two  or 
three  rows  of  plants  that  are  now  mostly  staged, 
with  but  little  idea  or  attempt  at  beauty  of 
arrangement  or  effective  display. 


In  many  respects,  so  far  as  the  year  his 
gone,  The  Se.i.^o.m  has  been  a  pleasani:  one. 
The  flowering  of  the  spring  shrubs  has  been 
exceptionally  fine,  whilst  the  leafing  of  the 
greater  trees  has  been  everything  that  could  be 
desired.  A  rather  severe  attack  of  caterpillar 
now  on  Oak  trees  in  some  districts,  on  Thorns 
in  others,  is,  however,  much  to  be  regretted. 
Grass,  cereals,  and  Pulse  for  the  most  part 
look  healthy  and  promising.  But  doubtless 
there  will  be  local  complaints  amongst  the  fruit 
crops.  In  Warwickshire,  which  is  not  an 
Apricot  district,  there  are,  we  learn,  more  than 
for  many  years.  Plums  are  thin.  Cherries, 
especially  Morellos,  are  plentiful.  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  have  not  bloomed  nor  set  well  out- 
of-doors.  Apples  are  good  in  many  places, 
elsewhere  disappointing.  A  correspondent  in 
the  Midland  Counties  has  been  at  great  pains 
in  establishing  a  small  orchard  of  Apples  and 
Plums.  The  bloom  on  the  Apples  was  exceed- 
ingly plentiful  and  strong,  and  equally  so  on 
transplanted  and  non-transplanted  trees  ;  but  it 
is  all  gone  !  This  isalessonwhich  teaches  us  to  be 
careiul,and  in  nothingmore  than  in  anticipations 


of  fruit  crops.  As  regards  these,  there  are  two 
old  English  proverbs  which  ought  ever  to  be 
borne  In  mind.  The  one  is,  "  Not  to  count  our 
chickens  before  they  are  hatched,"  the  other, 
"  Not  to  halloo  before  we  are  out  of  the  wood." 
Gardeners  may  grow  fruit  trees  through  all 
stages,  from  the  graft  to  the  blossom,  but  then, 
at  the  very  moment  when  success  seemed 
possible,  and,  lest  one  should  feel  too  proud. 
Nature  steps  in  and  the  old  Adam  of  Apple 
proclivities  leaves  us  nothing  much  for  our 
pains  but  barren  trees.  Almost  as  soon  as 
the  new  year  sets  in  some  writers,  who 
ought  to  know  better,  are  busily  at  work 
peering  into  the  very  womb,  and  making  cal- 
culations of  the  probable  amount  of  Nature's 
fruitfulness  for  the  ensuing  year.  It  is  so  like 
a  child  at  breakfast-time  asking  its  mother 
what  kind  of  a  pudding  they  are  to  have  that  day 
at  dinner-time.  Pears  are  not  much  better  on 
standards  or  pyramids,  but  on  walls,  and  espe- 
cially where  they  have  the  advantage  of  a  flued 
wall,  they  are  very  satisfactory. 

Small  fruits,  such  as  red  and  black  Currants, 
will  scarcely  be  quite  an  average.  Gooseberries 
are  good,  butthinonthe  bushes,  but  it  is  a  comfort 
to  be  able  to  say  they  are  generally,  but  not  en- 
tirely, free  from  caterpillar  this  year.  Strawberries 
are  plentiful  but  will  require  plenty  of  water  to 
carry  them  on,  and  nets  to  protect  them  from 
birds,  which  latter,  owing  to  the  last  few  mild 
winters,  have  increased  in  extraordinary  numbers. 
Hazel  nuts  and  Walnuts  seem  promising. 

In  an  early  number  we  shall  be  in  a  position 
to  lay  before  our  readers  an  estimate  of  the 
condition  of  the  fruit  crops  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land. 


The  Glasshouses  at  Laekf.n.— Some  time 

sin':e  we  published  large  views  of  the  exterior  and  in- 
terior of  the  giant  conservatory  at  Laeken,  erected 
for  His  Majesty  the  King  of  the  Belgians.  In  our 
present  issue  we  give — thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  the 
Coinpagnic  Coiilinentak — a  view  of  the  new  houses 
elected  under  their  auspices  (fig.  5).  '  They  are 
devoted  especially  to  the  culture  of  Orchids,  Azaleas, 
and  other  decorative  plants ;  for  the  great  conservatory, 
like  others  of  its  class,  is  ill-suited  to  grow  plants, 
however  well  adapted  to  display  them  when  grown. 

The  Bentham  Portrait.— It  was  felt  by 

many  that  some  memorial  to  the  lale  Mr.  Bentham 
should  be  placed  in  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  to 
commemorate  the  services  of  the  eminent  botanist 
in  the  locality  where  so  much  of  his  life-long  work 
was  accomplished,  especially  in  connection  with  the 
Genera  Plaiitarum.  With  this  view  some  friends  of 
Mr.  Bentham  subscribed  (unds  for  a  copy  of  the 
portrait  in  the  Linoean  Society's  rooms.  This  has 
now  been  executed  by  Miss  Merrick,  and  was  exhi- 
bited on  Wednesday  evening  at  the  conversazione  of 
the  Linnean  Society  prior  to  its  removal  to  Kew. 

Great      Horticultural      E.xhibition, 

Berlin.— A  general  exhibition  of  horticultural  pro- 
ductions is  announced  to  take  place  in  Berlin  during  the 
month  c5  September  next,  lasting  from  the  5lh  to  the 
15th,  inclusive,  it  being  held  in  the  formerly  Hygienic 
Exhibition  building  near  the  Lehrter  Railway  Station. 
A  prize  list  is  already  issued,  in  which  are  to  be  found 
a  great  number  of  medals— gold,  silver,  gilt  and  bronze 
-and  objects  of  art.  Mr.  Sp.ipH,  Kopnickerstr. 
154,  Berlin,  has  the  management  of  the  Exhibition. 

Antwerp  Botanical  and  Horticul- 
tural Congress.— We  have  before  us  the  first  part 
of  the  preliminary  reports  on  various  subjects  of  the 
programme,  previously  published.  This  circulation 
beforehand  of  the  papers  to  be  read  and  discussed  is 
an  excellent  plan,  which  was  adopted  in  London  in 
1S66,  but  has  been  improved  upon  by  our  Antwerp 
friends.  We  shall  in  a  future  number  call  attention 
to  the  papers  just  issued,  and  may  again  remind  our 
readers  that  the  Exhibition  and  Congress  will  be  held 
from  August  I  to  August  10 

Halesia    hispida  — Mr.  Dartnall  sends 

us  from  the  Tunbridge  Wells  Nursery  sprays  of  this 
beaulilul  plant.     The  leaves  aie  like  those  of  a  Phila- 


July  4.  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


17 


delphus.  The  flowers,  which  are  like  those  of  a 
Deulzia,  are  produced  freely  on  the  young  wood  in 
long  pyramidal  racemes.  We  do  not  know  if  any  one 
has  tried  it  as  a  forced  plant  in  spring,  but  it  seems 
as  if  it  would  be  a  suitable  plant  for  the  purpose. 
A  large  figure  was  given  in  our  columns,  1SS4, 
August  9,  p.  177. 

LissocHiLUS  Saundersonii.— About  thirty 

species  of  this  genus  are  known  to  science,  inhabiting 
tropical  and  South  Africa.  According  to  the  transla- 
tion of  the  generic  name  the  above  species  would  be  a 
Eulophia,  for  a  well-developed  crest  of  elevated  plates 
or  ridges  are  present  on  the  labellum.  The  classifica- 
tion, or  rather  the  delimitation,  of  the  two  genera, 
according  to  the  Genera  Planlariwi,  rests  on  the  dis- 
similarity of  the  sepals  and  petals  both  as  to  size  and 
colour.  In  the  present  instance  the  sepals  are  com- 
paratively small  and  greenish,   while  the  petals  are 


usually  low  in  Cardiganshire  since  June  10,  both  day 
and  night.  On  the  loth  the  thermometer  fell  to  34°, 
on  the  I2th,  37°;  21st,  42°;  26th,  34'j° ;  27th,  34°; 
28th,  40"  ;  with  strong,  cold  north  winds  which  con- 
tinue till  the  30th.  On  the  26tb,  in  the  meadows 
at  5  A.M.,  there  was  ice  on  the  grass.  Outdoor 
Strawberries  are  not  ripe  yet,  and  everything  is  cor- 
respondingly late.  What  Apples  and  Pears  there 
are  will  be  small  and  scrubby  unless  warmer  weather 
succeeds  this  wintry  description. 

Nanodes  Medus.e. — On  a  superficial  exa- 
mination this  beautiful  and  extremely  curious  Orchid 
bears  little  or  no  resemblance  to  the  general  run  of 
the  vast  genus  Epidendrum,  with  which,  however,  it 
is  so  closely  connected  as  to  be  included  there  by  the 
more  recent  authorities.  The  leading  distinctive 
features,  however,  lie  in  the  aggregated  condition  of 
the  succulent  foliage  clothing  the  pendent  stems,  the 


hanging  crop."  "I  am  glad,"  said  the  other,  "for 
me  buyer  in  my  case  is  a  skinflint,  and  beat  me  down, 
and  now  the  grass  is  covered  with  Cherries."  It  is 
the  practice  in  Kent  to  grow  Cherries  over  grass,  and 
in  some  cases  to  sell  the  crop  on  the  trees ! 

Bisexual    Cucumbers.  —  The     interest 

attaching  to  flowers  of  this  description  is  chiefly  mor- 
phological. For  practical  purposes  there  is  no  advan- 
tage in  a  Cucumber  flower  having  both  stamens  and 
pistils,  nor  from  a  physiological  point  either,  but  to 
those  who  are  curious  to  know  about  the  construction 
of  the  flower,  and  how  the  singular  conformation  of 
these  flowers  has  come  about,  from  what  stock  it 
probably  descended,  and  what  are  the  possibilities  of 
its  future  development,  they  are  full  of  interest,  as 
aff'ording  just  the  sort  of  clue  that  a  detective  police- 
man likes  to  get  hold  of  when  he  gets  a  good  case. 
We  owe  the  opportunity  of  examining  such  a  flower 


Fig.    5. — PLANT-HOUSES    IN    THE    ROYAL  GARDENS   AT    LAEKEN.        (SEE   P.    l6.) 


large  and  pure  white.  The  large  labellum  has  the 
lower  part  and  lateral  lobes  greenish,  striped  with 
purple,  while  the  terminal  lobe  is  clear,  pale  purple. 
A  magnificent  specimen  is  now  flowering  for  the  first 
time  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew,  where  it  was  sent 
about  six  years  ago  from  Natal.  The  flowering  stem, 
when  fully  developed,  will  be  over  6  feet  high,  and 
the  great  lanceolate  plaited  leaves  are  3  to  4  feet  long. 
The  species  of  Lissochilus  are  terrestrial  in  habit,  and 
the  plant  under  notice  is  planted  out  in  one  of  the 
beds  in  a  mixture  of  peat  and  loam. 

Extraordinary  Low  Temperature  at 

THE  end  of  June.  —  Mr.  Woods,  of  Osberton 
Gardens,  Worksop,  writes  that  "on  the  night  of 
the  25th  ult.  the  thermometer  at  10  p.m.  stood 
at  39",  on  the  morning  of  the  26lh  at  4  A.M.  it  (ell  to 
32°.  To  show  the  effect  of  the  frost  I  send  you 
the  tops  of  a  root  of  Potatos  taken  from  a  piece  of 
ground  at  the  end  of  the  park  here  where  there  is 
about  2  acres  planted, the  tops  having  all  been  caught 
in  the  same  way." — The  temperature  has  been  un- 


germinate  sessile  flowers  closely  hugging  the  apex  of 
the  stem,  and  thirdly  in  the  pollinia  being  adnate  to 
a  scale  breaking  away  from  the  rostellum.  From  a 
garden  standpoint  the  value  of  this  Orchid  is  deter- 
mined by  the  large  and  showy  labellum.  It  is  almost 
orbicular  in  outline,  deeply  concave,  and  torn  at  the 
margin  into  a  series  of  long  entire  or  forked  fringes. 
The  colour  is  a  deep  amethyst-purple,  but  the  shade 
is  greatly  determined  by  the  direction  in  which  the 
light  falls  on  it.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  pale 
greenish,  suffused  or  margined  with  purple,  and 
dwindle  into  insignificance  in  presence  of  the  la- 
bellum. The  species  is  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Masazine,  t.  5723,  and  a  flowering  specimen  may  be 
seen  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew. 

Cherries  in  Kent.  —  Some  parts  of  Kent 

are  specially  renowned  for  Cherries.  Till  recently 
the  crop  promised  to  be  a  good  one,  but  lately  many 
have  fallen.  "  I  am  sorry  for  the  buyer,"  said  one 
farmer  to  another,  in  our  hearing,  lately,  "  for  he  is 
*  a  good  sort,'  and  offered  me  a  good  price  for  the 


to  Mr.  Thomas  Bunyard,  of  Ashford,  who  kindly 
sends  us  a  flower  in  which  the  sepals  are  inordi- 
nately developed  and  leafy,  the  petals  distinct,  also 
leafy  at  the  base,  and  surrounding  live  perigynous  and 
sinuous  anthers.  The  style  is  thick  and  columnar, 
dividing  above  into  three  wedge-shaped  fleshy  lobu- 
late  stigmas.  The  ovary  presented  nothing  abnormal. 
Botanists  familiar  with  the  volumes  of  controversy  as 
to  the  nature  of  the  stamens  in  Cucurbits  will  note 
the  significance  of  this  flower. 

DowNiNGiA   PULCHELLA.  —  Probably   few 

will  recognise  under  this  name  the  Ciintonias  of 
gardens,  but  by  virtue  of  this  priority  the  above  is  the 
name  this  genus  of  pretty  Lobeliaceous  plants  must 
bear.  The  species  of  Clintonia,  on  the  other  hand, 
are  members  of  the  Lily  family.  Considering  the 
time  the  above-named  plant  has  been  in  cultivation, 
it  is  altogether  surprising  how  comparatively  seldom 
it  is  seen  in  gardens.  Compared  with  Lobelia  erinus 
and  its  garden  varieties  this  plant  is,  to  say  the  least, 
a  neglected  one.     Furthermore  the  flowers  are  twice 


i8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jui-v  4,  iS?5. 


the  size  of  the  popular  garden  Lobelia.,  of  an  intense 
blue  colour,  wi:h  a  large  white  eye  beautifully  set  off 
with  two  large  yellow  blotches  and  three  small  almost 
black  ones  alternating  with  and  at  the  base  of  the 
latter.  In  a  sunny  position  it  forms  a  sheet  of  the 
most  dazzling  blue,  while  the  other  three  colours 
individualise  it  in  a  most  characteristic  manner.  The 
habit  is  more  compact  and  superior  in  every  way  to 
the  above-mentioned  Lobelia,  except  in  the  more 
select  garden  varieties.  It  requires  the  same  trta'- 
ment  as  its  ally,  and  would  certainly  reward  any. 
one's  trouble  to  give  it  a  trial.  Its  congener,  1). 
elegans,  though  inferior,  is  a  Eelect  and  pretty 
annual.  There  is  a  figure  of  D.  pulchella  in  the 
Botanical  Rcgislei,  1909,  and  it  has  been  Howeiing 
for  a  long  lime  in  the  herbiceous  collection  at  Kew. 

The  Antweui'  Rose  Show.— This  opened 

on  Sunday  last,  and  was  visited  by  the  King  and 
tjueen  of  the  Belgians.  We  have  not  yet  heard  of 
any  English  exhibitors,  but  among  the  j  irors  we  note 
the  name  of  Mr.  Shirley  Hieberd.  MM.  Soupert 
and  NoTTING,  of  Luxembourg,  obtained  the  t,)uecn's 
Prize. 

Future    Shows. — The    month   will   open 

with  the  great  show  of  Roses  at  the  Crystal  Palace, 
Sydenham,  where  a  special  exhibition  of  the  flower 
by  Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  So.ns  will  form  a  principal  at- 
traction. The  great  Rose  Show  at  South  Kensington 
follows  on  the  9th.  Louth  will  hold  a  Rose  and  flower 
show  on  July  7  and  S,  at  which  some  good  things 
are  likely  to  be  seen.  The  Lee,  Blackheath,  and 
Lewisham  Horticultural  Society  will  hold  its 
summer  show  at  the  "  Cedars,"  L^e,  on  July  S 
and  9.  The  Royal  Botanical  and  Horticul- 
tural Socieiy  of  Manchester  will  hold  a  Rose  show 
under  the  auspices  of  the  National  Rose  Society  on 
July  II.  Bedford  and  Bedfordshire  Horticultural 
Society's  Show  is  fixed  for  July  15  ;  Roses  at  this 
gathering  come  in  for  a  good  share  of  recognition. 
The  show  at  Saffron  Walden  is  to  be  on  the  same  day 
as  the  last  named,  followed  by  that  of  the  Winchester 
florticultura!  Society  on  July  16.  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne  Summer  Flower  Show  takes  place  on  July  22, 
lasting  three  days.  The  Veitch  Memorial  Medal 
will  be  there  given  for  six  plants  dissimilar  in  bloom, 
amateurs  or  professional  gardeners  competing.  The 
great  show  of  the  Nottinghamshire  Horticultural 
Society  will  be  held  at  Nottingham  on  July  23,  24, 
and  25  ;  that  of  Calne  on  July  2S. 

The    Rose    Show   and    Fire    Brigade 

Annual  Inspection  and  Compeiition — On 
the  nth  inst.  the  above  will  take  place  in  the 
private  grounds  of  Headington  Hill  Hall,  by  kind 
permission  of  the  High  Sheriff  and  Mrs.  Morrell, 
who  have  also  arranged  with  the  Rose  Society's  com- 
mittee to  throw  the  grounds  and  exhibitions  open  free 
to  the  public,  at  3  o'clock.  Members  and  friends 
holding  tickets  of  admission  will  be  admitted  at  the  lower 
lodge,  from  I  to  3  o'clock  (an  hour  earlier  than  usual). 
The  Oxon  Bee-keepers'  Association  bee  tent  will  be 
erected,  where  lectures  and  illustrations  will  be  given 
by  an  expert  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  cottagers  will 
avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  so  generously 
placed  within  their  reach.  In  order  to  compen- 
sate the  Society  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morrell  will  pre- 
sent to  it  a  cheque  for  the  largest  amount  ever 
received  by  the  Society  for  the  sale  of  tickets  at  their 
annuil  shows.  By  this  generous  offer  the  citizens 
will  have  the  opportunity  of  seeing  the  beautiful 
private  grounds,  for  which  Headington  Hill  Hall  is 
justly  celebrated,  while  at  the  same  time  the  Society 
will  suffer  no  loss, 

Canadian  Bast  Mats.— Bast  matting,  now 

so  much  used,  is  mostly  made  from  the  inner  bark  of 
the  Lime  tree  (Tilia  europjea).  The  bark  of  the 
.\merican  Linden  has  been  used  for  this  purpose,  and 
the  matting  made  from  it  is  said  to  be  quite  as  good 
as  the  Russian  bast  matting-  The  matting  is  obtained 
from  young  trees,  which  are  stripped  whenever  they 
peel  freely  ;  it  is  thrown  into  water,  and  after  a  few 
days'  steeping  the  layers  of  the  bark  readily  separate 
when  they  are  pulled  apart  and  hung  up  to  dry. 
As  an  incentive  to  the  promotion  of  bast  mat  in- 
dustry in  Canada,  the  Americans  point  to  the  fact  that 
14,000.000  bast  mats  are  annually  imported  into 
England  alone,  chiefly  from  Russia. 

GARDENiNcArroiNTMENTs.— Mr.  J.  Clark, 

Gardener  to  C.  Peel,  Esq.,  Manor  House,  Congle- 
ton,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Mrs.  Birchill, 
Ribbleton  Hall,  Preston.— Mr.  A.  Fenton  as  Head 

Gardener  at   Hopetoun  House,   Linliihgnw,  N.B. 

Mr.  James  Lee,  from  Dalkeith  Gardens,  as  Head 
Gardener  to  Captain  Grant,  Glen  Grant,  Moray- 
shire. 


gotitcs  of  ^0(j1is. 

Mason's   Burma. 

The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1S60, 
and  now  we  have  before  us  a  second  edition,  in  two 
very  thick  quarto  volumes.  It  is  the  second  volume 
which  specially  concerns  us,  but  although  it  bears  date 
1SS3,  it  is  only  recently  that  we  have  met  with  it. 
The  present  volume  contains  nearly  Soo  pages,  and  is 
exclusively  devoted  to  the  botany  of  the  country.  The 
editor,  Mr.  Theobald,  has  added  a  very  large  amount 
of  valuable  information,  but  he  has  hardly  been 
sufiiciently  careful  in  all  cases  to  accentuate  those 
portions  which  are  the  work  of  the  original  author. 
No  direct  charge  can  be  laid  to  the  editor  in  this 
respect  but  this,  that  he  might  have  remembered  that 
many  readers  are  lazy  and  others  overburdened  with 
work.  The  requirements  of  both  demand  recogni- 
tion at  the  hands  of  an  editor.  Again,  it  is  open  to 
question  whether  some  of  the  additions  made  un- 
mistakably and  a  vowedly  by  the  editor  might  not  have 
been  omitted  with  advantage.  They  increase  the  size 
of  the  volume,  already  too  bulky,  and  though  often 
interesting  and  suggestive,  might  better  have  been 
published  separately.  The  introduction  also  of  long 
quotations  from  such  easily  accessible  books  as  the 
Treasury  of  Botany^  itself  a  compilation,  might  surely 
have  been  dispensed  with  to  advantage. 

The  work  opens  with  an  account  of  the  Burmese 
forests,  based  on  that  given  by  the  late  Sulpiz  Kurz, 
in  his  forcsl  flora.  Then  comes  a  catalogue  of  the 
plants,  in  which  the  editor  acknowledges  the  assist- 
ance he  received  from  Kurz  and  the  Rev.  C.  Parish. 
The  lower  Cryptogams,  even,  are  not  omitted — in  fact, 
they  are  given  twice  over — though  naturally  the  lists 
in  this  department  are  more  incomplete  than  in  the 
case  of  other  plants. 

The  account  of  the  Orchids  has  been  furnished  by 
the  I\ev.  C.  Parish,  who,  in  accordance  with  the  plan 
of  the  work,  introduces  his  subject  by  some  remarks 
intended  for  the  general  reader,  and  devised  to  serve 
as  a  pleasant  "vehicle,"  as  the  doctors  say,  for 
the  administration  of  drier  details. 

Of  Burmese  Orchids  Mr.  Parish  catalogues  over 
350,  but  considering  how  large  an  area  remains  to  ^be 
explored,  he  considers  that  Burma  alone  is  capable  in 
the  future  of  showing  a  list  of  500  species.  Mr. 
Parish's  list,  with  authorities  and  references,  is  so  use- 
ful that  we  could  have  wished  it  had  been  issued 
separately,  for  the  benefit  of  Orchid  cultivators,  but 
as  it  must  be  incorporated  in  the  Flora  of  Brilish 
Iiiilia  we  must  be  content  to  await  the  completion  of 
that  work. 

Numerous  appendices,  indices  of  vernacular  names, 
botanical  terms,  of  genera  and  species,  of  synonyms, 
as  well  as  a  general  index  of  subjects,  attest  the  care 
and  labour  bestowed  on  these  volumes  by  the  Editor. 
A  final  illustration  suffices  to  show  this  clearly.  Under 
the  index  of  species  all  the  entries  of  any  particular 
adjective  are  referred  to  thus  :— In  the  index  under 
*'  alata  "  we  find  ten  entries,  referring  to  so  many 
species  of  dift'erent  genera  thus  named,  besides  one 
**  alatus,"  and  so  on  throughout.  Take  as  an  illus- 
tration the  following  note  apropos  of  epiphytes  and 
parasites  : — 

"There  grew,  when  I  first  went  to  Moulmain,  in  1852, 
just  inside  *  Tiger's  Gap  '  {as  the  entrance  to  the  canton- 
ments on  the  Xyabustec  side  was  then  called)  in  the 
centre  of  the  three,  cross-way — It  iviic  juncta  viiv — a 
fine  Vitex  arborea  some  40  feet  high.  There  stood  in 
the  same  place  when  I  left  in  1S76  a  *  Peepul '  or  '  Ficus  ' 
tree  of  even  larger  size,  the  Vitex  having  entirely  dis- 
appeared ;  yet  no  one  removed  the  one,  or  planted  the 
other.  It  was  a  simple,  natural  operation,  the  silent 
work  of  some  twenty  years. 

"  A  ripe  Fig  seed  obtained  a  lodgment  in  some  crevice 
of  the  unhappy  Vitex,  germinated,  and  became  a  small 
and  apparently  innocent  epiphyte.  Being  there  com- 
fortably entertained,  it  turned  parasite  (though  not  in 
the  strict  botanical  sense),  and  took  an  unhandsome 
advantage  of  its  position  to  turn  its  roots  downwards  till 
they  touched  the  earth,  and  its  branches  laterally  over 
those  of  its  supporter. 

"  '  In  the  meek  garb  of  modest  worth  disguised, 
The  eye  averted,  and  the  smile  chastised. 
With  sly  approach  it  spreads  its  dangerous  charms, 
And  round  its  victim  wound  its  wiry  arms.'  Darwin. 

"  For  some  years  it  did  no  very  evident  harm,  but  in 
course  of  time,  slowly  and  insidiously,  the  roots  and  the 
branches  united  into  a  solid  mass,  till  all  that  could  be 


seen  of  the  miserable  victim  was  an  arm  here  and  there, 
as  it  were,  imploringly  stretched  out  and  struggling 
towards  the  hght,  vainly  trying  to  escape  from  the 
treacherous  embrace  of  its  tormentor.  At  last  my  poor 
friend  the  Vitex  totally  disappeared,  enveloped  in  a 
winding  sheet  of  inextricable  folds,  and  strangled  to 
death  in  tlie  embrace  of  its  inexorable  foe— a  vegetable- 
Laocoon. 

"  '  Round  sire  and  sons  the  scaly  monsters  rolled. 
Ring  above  ring,  in  many  a  tangled  fold. 
Close  and  more  close  their  writhing  limbs  surround 
And  fix  with  foamy  teeth  the  envenomed  wound." 
Darwin,  "  Loves  of  the  Plants"  canto  iii.,  33r. 

Few  who  now  pass  by  and  see  the  placid  Ficus  (for 
I  doubt  not  it  stands  there  yet)  would  suppose  that  such 
a  foul  deed  had  been  done  by  it,  and  that  it  still  holds 
the  murdered  body  of  its  victim  hidden  within  that 
smiling  exterior.  Many  a  giant  Ficus  in  the  forests 
betrays  its  former  life  by  its  perfeclly  hollow  trunk,  from 
which  the  very  bones  of  a  too  confiding  friend,  similarly 
treated,  have,  by  the  process  of  inevitable  decay,  fallen 


Wild   Flowers  Worth  Notice. 

Mrs.  Lankester  has  recently  published  a  new  edition 

of  this  little  popular  manual,  which  is  accompanied 

by  coloured  plates,  the  execution  of  which  we  cannot 

commend.     Messrs.  Allen  &  Co.  are  the  publishers. 


FARM    GARDENING. 

The  promotion  by  noblemen  and  gentlemen  of 
unqueslioned  honour  of  a  national  company  for  ihe 
purchase  of  land  in  divers  parts  of  the  kingdom 
specially  for  resale  or  letting  on  favourable  terms  to 
labourers  and  others  wishing  to  become  small  lard- 
owners  or  occupiers,  is  one  of  the  signs  of  the  times. 
The  large  farm  system,  buoyed  up  as  it  was  only  by 
means  of  capital  and  a  vast   outlay,  has  practically  * 

collapsed  under  pressure  of  adverse  seasons  and  low  J 
prices  for  farm  produce  ;  rents  have  fallen  enormously, 
and  agriculture,  under  existing  conditions,  has  become 
an  unfortunate  business.  Naturally,  landowners  have 
experienced  the  force  of  this  depression  as  well  as 
farmers,  and  they  have  now  begun  to  realise  that  in 
throwing  several  small  farms  into  cne  vast  one,  destro)  - 
ing  homesteads,  and  otherwise  abridging  the  demand 
for  labour  on  the  land,  that  they  have  been  depopulat- 
ing the  rural  districts,  crowding  the  labourers  into  the 
towns,  to  linger  and  to  suffer,  whilst  the  once  highly 
cultivated  and  profitable  country  is  in  danger  of 
becoming  deserted  and  a  desert.  With  every  desire 
to  credit  landowners  with  some  return  to  common 
sense  and  kindly  feeling  towards  theirrural  dependent?, 
it  is  none  the  less  too  obvious  that  such  a  movement 
as  is  above  indicated,  has  within  it  no  inconsiderable 
substratum  of  selfishness,  for  now  it  is  seen  that  the 
only,  or  almost  only,  hope  of  a  revival  of  prosperity  for 
agriculture  and  the  land  lies  in  the  formation  of 
myriads  of  small  farms  and  freeholds  !  Landowners 
may  well,  for  their  own  sakes,  desire  to  promote  a 
company,  the  which  may  prove,  if  practically  worked, 
a  marvellous  power  of  good,  and  for  profit  presently. 
The  old  couplet  respecting  the  destruction  of  our  bold 
peasantry  has  b6en  in  danger  of  realisation,  and  it  is 
well  we  have  paused  ere  the  rubicon  is  passed,  and  the 
country's  pride  laid  low  beyond  reinstatement.  It  may 
be  feared  that  the  promotion  of  such  a  company  as 
that  to  which  reference  has  been  made  may  be 
regarded  as  chimerical  and  incapable  of  successful 
realisation.  On  the  other  hand  we  see  ample  en- 
couragement for  such  a  proposal  in  the  fact  that 
companies  have  in  and  around  our  great  towns- 
London  especially — purchased  large  plots  of  land,  and 
have  either  resold  such  land  in  small  plots  for  build- 
ing purposes  to  persons  of  small  means,  or  else  have 
built  houses  and  let  or  sold  them  to  working  men,  and 
have  found  in  the  transaction  much  profit.  A  large 
amount  of  sentiment  will  naturally  enter  into  the 
business  incidental  to  the  purchase  and  resale  or  let- 
ting in  small  plots  of  rural  land,  because  so  much  that 
is  moral  and  social  enters  into  the  suggestion.  Still 
the  basis  is  that  business,  if  it  may  be  so  tauto- 
logically  put,  must  still  be  business,  and  without 
that  basis  it  cannot  hope  to  be  profitable. 
The  reinstatement  of  our  bold  peasantry  is  a 
work  that  may  well  call  forth  the  hearty 
spmpathy  of  all  who  love  their  country,  and  if  that 
sympathy  will  tend  to  promote  financial  success  fo 
much  the  better.  It  may  be  asked — What  has  all 
this  to  do  with  gardening?  Well,  the  answer  is 
simple  enough— the  very  basis  of  any  system  of  small 


JULY   4,    tSSS.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


J9 


holdings  in  land  must  be  found  in  garden  practicS. 
The   crealion   of  a  vast  number  of  small  holdings, 
farms,  and  freeholds,    will  alone  avail  nothing.     All 
good    resulting    will    then    be    contingent   upon    the 
manner  in  which  the  land  is  cultivated.     Lord  Car- 
ringlon  said  the  other  day  that  by  subdividing  land 
into    small    allotments,    which    were    all    practically 
gardens,  the  produce  of  the  land  per  acre  was  more 
than  quadrupled,  as  compared  with  land  under  ordi- 
nary  farm  culture.     Small  holdings   of  a   few  acres 
must  practically  become  farm  gardens,  and 'it  will  be 
found — although  some   of  the   noblemen    promoting 
the  new  land  company  thought  difierenlly— that  the 
chief  elements  or  means  of  cirllivation   must  be  the 
spade  and  fork.     We  have  had  too  much  ploughing  ; 
we  want  more  digging.     The  labour  and  culli^tion 
which  in  gardens  proves  so  profitable  and  so  produc- 
tive, must   be  carried  into  any  system  of  small  hold- 
ings if  the  holders  of  these  small  farms  are  to  live.    In 
how  many  rural  districts  is  there  not  found  a  dearth 
of  those  garden  crops,  which  are  found  almost  too 
abundantly  in  large  towns.     With  absolutely  miles  of 
land  in  cuUivation  at  their  very  doors,  yet  residents 
in    rural    villages   are  often   unable    to    purchase    if 
they    need     them— and    they    often    do  — ordinary 
garden    produce,    milk,    eggs,    butter,    and    similar 
products,      because      under     our     present     farming 
system  garden  crops  find  no  place  for  sale,  and  the 
other    produce  is  sent  off  in  bulk  to  the  towns.     The 
association   of  cows,  pigs,  poultry,    and    bees,    wiih 
gardening,    ii  in  such  direction   as  projected    indis- 
pensable, not  only  for  the  production  of  manure,  but 
also  for  the  provision  of  labour.     No  man  could  hope 
10  find  full  development  for  his  energies  on  a  3  or  even 
6acre  plot,  if  his  cuUivation  is  to  be  performed  with 
ploughs  and  similar  implements.     Nay,  it  is  doubtful 
whether  the  small  holding  system  can  ever  prosper  on 
such  a  basis   of  cultivation,   because    the  small  man 
cannot  hope  to  extract  with  the  same  system  of  culture 
better   crops  from  the  soil  than  the  large  farmer  does 
now  ;  and  in  such  case  he  cannot  hope  for  a  pros- 
perous livelihood.    Ploughs  are  all  very  well,  but  they 
cannot  equal  the  spade  and  the  fork,  especially  when 
every   year   those  tools    in  the  hands   of  industrious 
men  turn  over  to  the  depth  of  2  feet  a  portion  of  the 
small    holding.     There  is  not  much  present  prospect 
of  beating  our  swords  into  ploughshares,  but  we  may 
with  good  reason  turn  ploughshares  into  spades  and 
forks,  and    in  their   use    find   employment  for  those 
myriads  of  labourers  who  just  now  seem  so  badly  in 
want  of  it.     After  all  bnd   is  not  meant  to  be  the 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Pear  Clapp's  Favourite.— We  are  trying  this 
variety  in  pots  this  season  for  the  first  time,  and  so 
far  as  the  short  experience  enables  us  to  form  an 
opinion  of  its  merits  for  this  purpose,  we  are  justified 
in  thinking  highly  of  it.  Crowing  in  a  house  with 
Pitmaston  Duchess,  Souvenir  du  Congres,  Beurrc 
de  I'Assomption,  and  other  kinds  known  for  their 
good  quality  as  well  as  suitability  for  poi-culture,  it 
has  set  its  fruit  as  well,  and  is  as  satisfactory  in 
growth,  as^ther.  I  think  it  was  Mr.  Bunyard  who 
exhibited -this,  to  me,  new  Pear  in  good  form  at 
South  Kensington  last  autumn,  and  if  he,  or  some 
other  cultivator  who  has  grown  it,  would  give  its  date 
of  ripening  compared  wiih  Jargonelle  or  Bon  Chr(5- 
tien,  and  also  stale  the  length  of  time  it  keeps  in 
good  condition  after  it  is  gathered,  I  should  deem  it 
a  favour,  and  the  informatron  might  be  of  service  to 
other  readers  of  the  Gard.iurs  Chronicle.  I  observe 
it  is  catalogued  as  an  early  sort.  The  drawback  to  the 
majority  of  early  Pears  is  the  shSrt  time  they  keep 
after  gaining  maturity.  I  hope  this  may  be  an  excep- 
tion.   Thomas  Coombsr,  Hcndrc  Gankns. 

Fruit  Growin-g. 
One  of  the  best  crops  o(  Peaches  and  Nectarines  I 
have  met  with  this  season  is  at  Sir  Henry  Davies', 
Greedy  Park,  Gredilon.  The  orchard-house  there  is 
about  150  feet  in  length,  and  divided  into  three  com- 
partments, for  early,  succession,  and  late  fruits.  This 
range  is  just  6  feet  wide,  a  dwarf  v;all  in  front,  and  is 
a  lean-to  building,  the  back  wall  being  about  12  feet 
high.  There  are  no  trees  grown  in  the  front,  all  that 
is  aimed  after  is  the  developing  of  the  growths  on  the 
back  wall,  and  these  are  carefully  chosen  and  splen- 
didly trained.  In  the  early  house  there  are  three 
dwarf-trained  trees,  which  completely  cover  the  wall 
from  the  bottom.  One  is  the  Royal  George  Peach, 
carrying  about  200  fruits  ;  the  middle  tree  has  just 
150,  and  is  the  Lord  Napier  Nectarine  ;  the  other  has 
rather  more  than  230,  and  is  also  a  Nectarine,  named 
Oldenburg,  an  old  and  excellent  kind.  The  fruits 
are  large,  and  beautifully  coloured  next  the  sun,  and 
are  now  ripening.  The  head  gardener,  Mr.  Seward, 
is  a  clever  cultivator,  and  quite  a  master  in  the 
orchard-house.   IV.  N.,  June  23. 

Fruit  Crops  in  Wales. 
Our  crops  of  Pears  and  Apples  here  are  a  failure. 


This,  I  think,  goes  a  long  way  towards  settling  the 
question.  It  should  be  stated  that  the  drought  here 
was  the  worst  I  ever  knew  so  early  in  the  year.  By 
June  15  (1SS4)  the  lawn  in  my  garden  and  the  drier 
pastures  were  as  brown  as  a  turnpike  road.  The 
total  rainfall  from  April  i  to  June  2S  was  only 
3.06  inches,  and  from  June  I  to  28  only  0.37  inch 
with  very  hot  weather.  We  have  had  no  plague  of 
insects  here  to  account  for  the  damage.  The  larva 
of  the  Currant  moth  (Abraxas  grossulariata)  is  very 
common  on  the  hedges,  but,  curiously  enough,  I  have 
not  seen  one  in  my  garden,  and  the  crop  of  Goose- 
berries is,  as  usual,  very  good.  There  is  more  than 
an  average  crop  of  Apricots,  and  a  fair  crop  of 
Peaches,  but  Plums  are  almost  entirely  a  failure  on 
walls,  and  quite  so  on  pyramids.  It  is  clear  from 
the  above  that  the  causes  affecting  our  fruit  crops  are 
even  more  complicated  than  is  generally  supposed, 
and  the  chances  against  the  cultivator  heavier.  I  ■ 
omitted  to  say  that  Pear  trees  on  espaliers  are  quite 
as  bad  as  pyramids,  and  those  on  walls  little  better. 
Alfredo.  Walker,  Nant-y-Glyn. 

Pear  Beurrk  Wamberchies. 
A  late  Pear,  not  in  season  till  May,  or  even  June-f 
The  tree  is  very  fertile,  but  flowers  early,  and  is 
thereby  exposed  to  the  chances  of  an  inclement 
spring.  The  fruit  varies  in  shape— that  figured  in  a 
recent  number  of  the  Biillc/in  d'Arlioriailliire  is  of 
medium  size,  roundish,  with  a  short  stalk,  moderately 
depressed  eye,  a  yellowish-brown  skin  freckled  with 
russety  brown  spots.  The  flesh,  though  firm,  is 
melting,  without  grit  and  sometimes  without  seed, 
full  of  sugary  juice  slightly  perfumed,  and  with  a 
peculiar  flavour.  This  Pear  was  raised  by  Mr. 
J.  Wamberghies,  of  Ressaix,  near  Binche,  and  is 
described  as  suitable  for  espalier  or  standard. 

Lord  Napier  Nectarine. 
This  fine  Nectarine  is  now  to  be  seen  to  the  best 
advantage  in  one  of  the  houses  at  Gunnersbury 
House.  One  tree  nearly  covers  the  whole  of  the 
interior  of  a  house;  the  dimensions  of  the  tree  are 
19  feet  by  10  feet,  it  had  originally  about  3S0  fruits, 
reduced  to  330  or  thereabouts  by  thinning.  The 
tree  is  in  the  very  perfection  of  health,  and  the  fruits 
are  rapidly  ripening,  and  becoming  very  fine  in  colour. 
One  needs  to  look  on  the  body  of  fruit  through  the 
glass  to  estimate  the  value  of  the  crop.  By  placing  a 
wooden  label  under  so  many  of  the  fruits  as  have  a 


delight  of  the   few.  but   the  means  of  living  to  the  »'"'=  ^^P^^'^'l^  '^^  '^"^r,  compared  to  their  average  IZZlTTr  '"'"''/  '.^    t     "'  ''.K      '  ^ 

J  •  -     •  -,  .  '""'s  lu   1"=  _,_j„.,:„„      -ru:,  ;,  ,1,    „         j-  ■  .-       ■  tendency  to  bang  down   under  the  leaves,   they  are 

many,  and  .n  no  way  ,s  U  possible  to  create  upon  it  ^  °'^"  "°"- .-J'"      1  ^^  ";";'  d.sappomfng  because  ^^^^^J  ^^^       ^  •       J 

mnre    latiniir      nr    pvtr^r-f    trr^m    If    m.^,.,  ... —  i.u 1  all    the    Condlt  ons  seemed    favonrariJe  fn    n   <;nlpn^i.^  _  '  ^ 


more  labour,  or  extract  from  it  more  wealth  and 
happiness,  than  through  the  vocation  of  gardening. 
We  have  been  sending  myriads  of  our  best  labourers 
across  the  sea  to  remote  lands,  where  they  have  found 
land  in  abundance,  have  raised  corn  cheaply,  and 
revenge  themselves  on  the  farmers  and  landowners  at 
home,  who  found  them  no  work,  by  sending  their 
produce  here  almost  to  the  ruin  of  home  agriculture. 
We  are  awaking  from  our  dream  of  prosperity,  and 
now  realising  that  we  should  have  done  wiser  had  we 
found  land  and  houses  here  for  those  whom  we  have 
made  aliens. 


lii{   |](!i;bai;cous   loi;(tci[. 


VERB.\SCUM  OLV.VU'ICUM. 
Flowering  in  my  nursery  at  Ashford  (Kent)  I  have 
some  six  plants  of  this  grand  biennial,  and  knowing 
it  to  be  new  and  rare  I  have  ventured  to  send  you  a 
few  particulars  for  publication.  The  flower-spike 
rises  from  5  to  6  feet  high,  from  a  rosette  of 
woolly,  acuminately  lanceolate  leaves,  each  of  these 
being  from  24  to  30  inches  long.  At  about  2  feet 
from  the  ground  the  spike  throws  out  from  thirty-six 
to  forty  candelabra-like  branches,  with,  on  an  average, 
forty  to  fifty  flowers  on  each.  These  flowers  are  of  a 
bright  and  rich  golden-yellow,  from  I  to  ij  inch  in 
diameter,  and,  of  an  evening,  agreeably  fragrant. 
Round  each  flower  are  clusters  of  buds,  which  con- 
tinue to  expand  in  succession,  so  that  the  plants  have 
been  flowering  for  a  fortnight,  and  still  maintain  their 
original  beauty.  Bees  seem  very  partial  to  the  flower, 
and  I  think  every  one  must  acknowledge  that,  asso- 
ciated with  the  blue  Delphiniums,  or  any  of  the  varie- 
ties of  Digitalis,  or  planted  in  the  .shrubbery,  this 
biennial  is  unrivalled.    Thomas  Bunyard. 


all  the  conditions  seemed  favourable  to  a  splendid 
crop,  and  the  blossom  was  most  promising.  It 
becomes,  therefore,  an  interesting  question  what  the 
cause  or  causes  of  the  failure  may  be.  It  cannot  be 
due  to  imperfect  ripening  of  the  wood  last  summer, 
because  we  had  the  hottest  and  driest  August  known 
for  very  many  years,  probably  since  1868.  Neither 
was  it  caused  by  spring  frosts,  because  in  the  first 
place  the  lowest  temperature  registered  after  April  iS 
was  35°  (on  a  verified  thermometer  in  a  Stevenson 
case),  and  in  the  second  place  because  the  only  I'ear 
trees  which  have  borne  even  a  tolerable  crop  are  in 
the  part  of  the  garden  most  exposed  to  frost  and  east 
wind.  These  and  nearly  all  the  other  Pear  trees 
were  in  full  fljwer  on  May  7,  as  noted  at  the  time  ; 
we  must,  therefore,  look  elsewhere  for  the  causes  of 
failure,  and  it  seems  to  me  to  be  due  to  one  of  two 
causes,  viz.,  the  excessive  drought  in  the  spring  of 
1SS4,  lasting  till  June  28,  or  the  somewhat  heavy  rain 
(4.43  inches)  of  July.  Were  the  Pears  alone  a 
failure  I  should  incline  to  ascribe  it  to  the  latter 
cause,  as  they  make  their  growth  early,  and  do  best 
the  year  following  a  hot  dry  July,  but  this  would  not 
account  for  the  failure  of  the  .\pples,  which  do  best 
after  a  hot  August.  I  must,  therefore,  conclude  that 
it  has  been  caused  by  the  drought  so  weakening  the 
trees  that  they  were  unable  to  set  their  fruit  this 
spring.  And  this  is  borne  out  by  the  position  of  the 
Pear  trees  mentioned  above  as  having  a  tolerable 
crop.  My  garden  is  on  a  sharp  slope  facing  south- 
east, and  the  greater  part  of  the  Pear  trees  are  simply 
planted  on  the  slope,  which  is  so  steep  that  heavy 
rain  has  little  chance  of  soaking  in,  especially  as  the 
soil,  though  dry  and  stony,  bakes  hard  on  the  surface. 
But  in  1SS2  I  terraced  a  part  of  the  garden,  and  the 
trees  mentioned  above  were  transplanted  there.  The 
ground  in  which  they  were  planted,  being  level,  would 
retain  any  rain  falling  on  it,  so  that  if  drought  were 
the  cause  of  failure  these  trees  would  have  a  con- 
siderable advantage  over  those  standing  on  the  slope. 


Negro  Largo  Fh.. 
This  tine  Fig  can  now  be  seen  in  the  best  con- 
dition at  Shipley  Hall,  near  Derby,  where  Mr. 
Elphinstone  has  it  planted  out  in  the  front  o( 
a  narrow  lean-to  Fig-house,  But  it  is  subjected 
to  a  kind  of  rough-and-ready  treatment  which 
drives  it  into  a  free  fruiting  stale,  and  producing  fine 
fruit  too.  Twice  a  year  the  spade  is  driven  down 
deeply  into  the  soil,  a  foot  to  iS  inches  from  the  plant 
all  round,  with  the  result,  that  instead  of  the  plant 
producing  growths,  it  yields  abundant  fruits.  One 
thing  appears  to  be  quite  certain,  that  if  this  Fig  is 
planted  out  its  roots  must  be  restrained.  This  is  why 
it  is  Mr.  Roberts  grows  it  entirely  in  pots  at  Gunners- 
bury  Park,  and  takes  admirable  crops  of  fruit  from 
his  plants. 


THE  TRADE    IN    SAFFLOWER. 

With  the  exception  of  Madder  there  is  no  vegetable 
dye  that  has  been  so  largely  interfered  with  as  Saf- 
fiower,  by  the  introduction  of  the  artificial  dyes  pre- 
pared by  the  chemist.  It  is  chiefly  a  product  of  the 
Kast,  and  there  it  still  retains  some  value  among  the 
natives.  From  1S51  to  1S55  the  ofticial  value  ol  the 
SafHower  imported  into  this  country  ranged  from 
^'71,000  lO;/,' 1 34,000.  Sixteen  years  ago  we  received 
over  32,000  cwt.  Last  year  our  imports  fell  below 
1400  cwt.,  valued  at  but  ^3500.  In  contrast  to  this 
our  imports  of  aniline  dyes  from  abroad  (exclusive  of 
those  made  at  home)  exceeded  in  value  ;i^7io,ooo. 
Cartharaus  tinctorius  [a  Composite  plant]  is  grown 
extensively  all  over  India,  mostly  as  a  subordinate 
crop.  That  grown  in  Dacca  is  the  best  in  India,  and 
ranks  next  to  that  of  China.  It  is  an  annual,  growing 
to  I  to  2  feet  in  height. 
The   plants  begin   to   flower   in    February,    when 


20 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,   18 


about  2i  feet  high  ;  from  then  till  May  the  flower 
are  picked  off  each  day  as  they  appear,  leaving  the 
flower-heads  on  the  stalk.  All  that  is  detached  is  the 
fragile-lcoking  corolla,  which  issues  from  the  summit 
of  the  prickly  Teazle-like  flower-head.  When  these 
are  picked  off",  their  subsequent  treatment  depends  on 
whether  they  are  to  be  made  up  into  the  Safflower  of 
commerce  or  whether  they  are  merely  to  be  prepared 
for  dyeing  purposes  in  the  country.  If  the  former  is 
intended  the  florets  are  damped  with  water  and 
pressed  into  lumps.  A  rough  strainer  is  made  by 
stretching  a  mat  on  a  wooden  frame ;  on  this  the 
lumps  of  florets  are  laid,  and  water  is  slowly  poured 
over  them,  while  a  man  treads  them  out  with  his  feet, 
supporting  himself  on  two  sticks,  used  as  crutches. 
In  this  way  the  yellow  colouring  is  eliminated  from 
the  flowers,  the  presence  of  which  would  detract  from 
the  beauty  of  the  crimson  tint,  for  which  they  are 
chiefly  priced.  When  the  water  (which  at  first  is 
coloured  yellow)  comes  clear  through  the  strainer  the 
process  is  complete.  The  flowers  are  then  made  up 
by  hand  into  round  flat  cakes,  the  water  squeezed  off, 
and  they  are  dried  in  the  sun.  In  this  form  they  are 
known  as  the  Salllower  of  commerce. 

SafHower  intended  for  local  use  in  India  is  not 
washed  in  the  method  above  described  at  the  time 
they  are  picked.  The  flowers  are  simply  dried,  in 
which  state  they  are  sold  by  cultivators. 

There  are  thus  two  pigment  principles  in  Safllower 
— Safllower  yellow,  which  is  extracted  by  pounding 
and  washing,  and  Safflower  red  (or  carthamin),  which 
is  the  dye  of  commerce.  The  carthamin  is  a  resinoid 
substance,  giving  to  cloth  a  beautiful  crimson  colour, 
which,  however,  oxidises  yellow  in  light.  It  is  one 
of  the  chief  ingredients  in  rouge.  It  is  soluble  in  an 
alkali,  which  is  used  to  extract  it  from  the  cakes  of 
florets  ;  an  acid  precipitates  it.  The  colours,  how- 
ever, obtained  from  this  vegetable  dye  are  not  very 
fast. 

The  following  shows  the  exports  of  Safflower  from 
India  in  the  years  ending  March  31  : — 


18,671 
18,145 


The  shipments  are  principally  to  the  United  King- 
dom, the  rest  goes  to  China  and  the  Straits  Settle- 
ments. There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  competition 
of  chemical  dyes  has  ousted  this  beautiful  and  once 
favourite  colour  from  the  home  markets,  and  it  is  very 
unlikely  that  it  will  ever  regain  the  position  it  once 
held.    P.  L.  S. 


with  a  pagoda- shaped  cover  employed  for  carrying  food 
to  monasteries,  and  pagodas  and  shrines  on  which  to 
place  images  of  Gotuma.  The  coflfers  referred  to 
appear  as  if  covered  with  pictures  drawn  in  black  on 
a  gold  ground,  and  the  effect  is  so  good  that  a  small 
'demand  for  tables,  panels,  bowls,  &c.,  of  the  same 
work  has  sprung  up.  If  a  black-coloured  lacquer  is 
required,  the  sap  of  the  tree  is  used  alone,  but  a  deep 
red  lacquer  is  much  used,  and  is  prepared  by  mixing 
the  sap  of  the  Lacquer-tree  with  Vermillion  in  the 
proportion  of  I2j  parts  to  10. 

The  wooden  bowls,  platters,  &c.,  are  scraped 
down  with  fine  steel  scrapers,  to  make  the  surface  as 
smooth  as  possible  before  laying  on  the  lacquer.  All 
cracks,  holes,  and  chipped  edges  are  filled  and  built 
up,  as  it  were,  with  a  putty  made  of  the  lacquer  itself 
mixed  with  Teakwood  sawdust.  The  articles  are 
ihet  put  away  until  the  putty  is  dry  and  quite  hard. 
The  raw  lacquer  is  next  rubbed  all  over  the  article 
with  the  bare  hand,  so  that  the  least  particle  of  sand 
or  stone  may  be  detected,  and  the  article  put  in  a 
cool  and  airy  place  to  dry — not,  however,  in  the  sun, 
which  would  cause  it  to  crack  or  blister.  The 
articles  are  sufficiently  dry  in  three  or  four  days  to 
receive  a  thick  even  coating  of  **  thayo,"  made  of 
"  thitsi "  (the  sap),  rice-water,  and  Paddy-husk 
ashes.  The  article  is  again  put  away  to  dry  and 
harden,  when  it  is  smoothed  down  with  water  and 
Paddy-husk  ashes  and  stone  polishers  of  graduated 
fineness  from  sandstone  to  a  smooth  pebble.  This 
process  lemoves  all  gloss  or  polish,  and  the  last  coat- 
ing of  either  black  or  red  is  given  to  the  article  as  a 
polish.  The  grounding  is  invariably  black,  and  only 
the  last  coating  red,  if  red-coloured  ware  is  required. 
The  black  enamel  used  is  made  of  two  parts  lead,  one 
part  silver,  and  one  part  copper,  melted  in  a  fierce 
fire,  and  sulphur  added  at  discretion. 


BURMESE    LACQUER. 

The  lacquer  manufactures  of  India,  Burma,  and 
Japan,  are,  as  is  well  known,  important  industries. 
By  far  the  best  known  in  Europe  is  the  lacquer-ware 
of  the  Japanese,  the  production  of  which  has  been  so 
well  described  of  late  in  a  report  by  the  British  Consul 
at  Hakodate.  Specimens  of  Indian  lacquer-ware  are 
also  often  seen  in  this  country,  but  are  not  so  common 
as  the  last,  while  the  Burmese  work  is  much  more 
rarely  seen  than  either.  These  three  kinds  of  manu- 
factures are  very  distinct  in  their  character,  in  their 
mode  of  preparation,  and  in  the  material  used  to  give 
the  well  known  polished  surface.  Thus,  while  the 
Japanese  lacquer  is  obtained  from  the  juice  drawn 
from  the  trunks  of  Rhus  vernicifera,  the  Indian 
lacquer  is  prepared  from  lac,  which  is  produced  by 
the  puncture  of  an  insect  on  species  of  Ficus  ;  and 
the  Burmese  lacquer  is  the  juice  obtained  from 
Melanorrhcea  usitata,  \Yall.  Though  this  lacquer,  or 
varnish,  is  largely  used  in  Burma,  but  comparatively 
little  has  been  written  on  its  preparation  and  uses; 
the  following  notes  from  a  recently  issued  report  on 
the  subject  will  therefore  probably  be  interesting  ; — 
^  The  Varnish-tree,  as  it  is  called,  is  a  large  de- 
ciduous tree  of  Munnipur,  Burma,  and  Tenasserim. 
The  lacquer-ware  used  in  Burma  is  described  as  of 
two  kinds — that  in  which  the  article  is  made  of 
basket-work  lacquered  over,  and  that  in  which  the 
article  is  made  of  wood.  All  the  lacquer-ware  of  the 
basketwork'form  comes  from  Upper  Burma,  where  it 
constitutesa  very  important  trade.  InBritishBurmathe 
trade  is  confined  to  the  production  of  wooden  articles 
lacquered  over,  such  as  the  large  round  platter  with 
a  raised  edge  in  which  the  family  dinner  is  served, 
round  and  square  boxes,  and  bowls.  And  the  Burmese 
artists  produce  richly  gilt  boxes  used  in  the  monas- 
teries for  holding   Palm-leaf  manuscripts,  the  bowls 


HONEY    GLANDS    ON   THE 

SEPALS     OF     CATTLEYA      FLOWERS. 

Some  little  time  ago  I  was  surprised  to  see  little 

drops  of  a  pure  saccharine  or  honeyed  secretion  on  the 


buds  of  Cattleya  Mendelii,  and  I  now  wish  to  record 
the  simple  fact,  leaving  to  others  with  more  leisure 
the  pleasant  task  of  accounting  for  the  sweet  secretion 
and  its  possible  uses  in  the  plant's  economy.  The 
accompanying  diagram  (fig.  6)  shows  the  pjsition 
of  these  hairy  or  papillose  honey-secreting  glands  on  a 
full-grown  flower  bud,  but  they  exist  also  on  the 
bracts  on  the  peduncles  or  flower-stalks.  Of  course 
the  above  simple  fact  may  not  be  new,  but  I  never 
observed  these  honey  glands  until  this  year.  E,  IV, 
BtirbiJge. 


form  of  Geum  urbanum.  A  second  generation  of 
seedlings,  self-sown,  produced  plants  which  I  could 
not  distinguish  either  by  leaf  or  flower  or  stature 
from  typical  Geum  urbanum.  G.  urbanum  is  not  a 
very  prevalent  weed  here  ;  until  introduced  in  this 
way  I  never  saw  a  plant  of  it  in  my  garden,  though 
it  is  found  in  the  neighbouring  lanes  and  hedges  ; 
but  I  suppose  it  is  more  probable  that  the  pollen  of 
it  is  brought  by  insects,  and  produces  this  change, 
than  that  G.  monlanum  passes  of  itself  in  two  gene- 
rations from  seed  into  G.  urbanum.  The  intermdiate 
forms  of  which  I  have  spoken  are  so  strong  and 
increase  so  readily  that  I  can  obtain  any  number  of 
plants  by  division,  and  will  willingly  send  a  plant  of 
them  to  any  botanist  to  grow  and  test  by  seedlings. 

The  genus  Geum  is  not  in  great  request  for  garden 
decoration.  Of  three  native  species  recorded  in  cata- 
logues it  is  generally  acknowledged  that  one,  G.  inter- 
medium, is  a  hybrid  between  the  other  two,  G.  urba- 
num and  G.  rivale.  This  is  said  to  be  a  fertile  hybrid, 
but  I  have  a  very  fine  form  of  it  in  my  garden,  on 
which  I  have  never  seen  any  good  seed,  though  I 
have  never  made  a  careful  examination  :  but  had  the 
seed  been  good  the  plant  could  hardly  have  grown 
where  it  is  for  ten  years  without  seedlings  coming 
up  round  it,  which  I  am  certain  they  have  never 
done.  I  have  also  had  in  my  garden  fo; 
several  years,  and  have  distributed  to  many 
other  gardens,  two  hybrid  Geums — one  raised  by  Mr. 
R.  Parker,  of  Tooting,  and  sold  as  G.  miniatum,  the 
other  raised  by  Mr.  Clibran,  of  Altrincham,  and 
sold  as  G.  hybridum.  The  flowers  are  large,  of  an 
orange-red  colour,  clearer  and  brighter  in  the  Altrin- 
cham variety,  but  in  all  other  respects  the  two  are 
alike.  They  continue  to  flower  from  April  to  July, 
and  become  at  last  fully  3  feet  high,  and  very  strag- 
gling. I  believe  these  to  be  seedlings  from  G. 
chilense,  fertilised  with  the  pollen  of  G.  urbanum, 
either  artificially  or  accidentally.  The  foreman  of 
Mr.  Smith's  nursery  at  Worcester  showed  me  five  I 
years  ago  several  such  hybrids,  and  told  me  their 
true  parentage,  which  was  as  mentioned  above.  I 
have  looked  for  good  seed  on  these  hybrids  in 
my  own  garden,  but  have  never  found  any.  Both 
the  Altrincham  and  the  Tooting  plant  are  of 
remarkably  vigorous  constitution.  Observing  this  I 
have,  by  way  of  experiment,  cut  up  a  plant  consisting 
apparently  of  a  single  crown,  into  eight  or  ten  pieces, 
and  in  two  or  three  months  each  piece  has  grown 
into  a  strong  flowering  plant.  Of  five  hybrid  Geums 
of  unrecorded  parentage,  now  in  flower  in  my  garden, 
each  developes  a  seed-head,  after  flowering,  quite 
distinct  from  the  others,  and  from  those  of  their 
supposed  parents.  The  soft  upright  plume  of  the  seed 
of  genuine  G.  montanum  is  absent  from  them  all, 
though  two  are  certainly  from  that  plant  as  the  seed 
parent.  That  the  pollen  parent  is  G.  urbanum  has 
not  been  ascertained  by  any  careful  experiment  of 
mine,  but  I  have  interred  it  from  the  evident  ten- 
dency of  the  seedlings,  as  well  as  from  the  statement 
of  Mr.  Smith's  foreman.  I  repeat,  that  I  am  willing 
to  send  plants  or  seed-heads  of  all  my  varieties  to  any 
one  willing  to  take  a  botanical  interest  in  them,  C 
Wolley  Dod,  Edgi  Hall,  Malfas. 


HYBRID    GEUMS. 

Some  plants  appear  to  produce  pollen  so  strong  as 
to  be  liable  to  form  a  cross  with  any  of  the  same 
genus  flowering  in  a  garden  together  with  them.  This 
seems  to  be  the  case  with  Aquilegia  canadensis 
amongst  Columbines,  and  with  Geum  urbanum 
amongst  its  kindred  species.  I  say  "  kindred  " 
because  the  plant  which  G.  urbanum  most  frequently 
selects  to  cross  with,  and  to  cause  to  degenerate  in 
my  garden,  is  classed  in  Nyman's  Conspeitu^,  not  as 
Geum,  but  as  Sieversia.  It  is,  however,  more  com- 
monly known  as  Geum  montanum.  Plants  of  this 
have  several  times  been  sent  to  me  from  the  Alps. 
They  at  first  flower  with  large  flowers  on  short  one- 
flowered  stalks,  rising  very  little  from  the  ground,  but 
after  a  year  or  two  the  same  plants  produce  divided 
stalks  fully  a  foot  high,  with  three  01  four  flowers  on 
each  stalk. 

I  have  never  attempted  to  make  any  artificial  cross 
with  them,  but  have  observed  that  both  the  seedlings 
which  come  up  round  them,  and  those  which  I  have 
raised  by  saving  the  seed  almost  always  depart  more 
or  less  from  the  type  of  the  seed-parent,  and  dege- 
nerate by  assuming  a  tall  straggling  habit,  and  a 
much   smaller    flower,    apparently   approaching    the 


FOf^ESTJ^Y. 

WORK  1-0 1<  JULY. 
Look  frequently  over  young  plantations,  to  see 
that  all  is  going  on  satisfactorily — that  the  plants  are 
not  being  choked  with  Furze,  Brambles,  Ferns,  or 
rough-growing  grasses,  all  ot  which  ought  to  be  cut 
down  before  they  are  likely  to  interfere  with  the 
general  health  of  the  plants.  Of  course  this  advice 
refers  directly  to  plantations  that  have  been  formed 
within  the  past  two  seasons.  Wind-swaying  should 
also  be  paid  attention  to  immediately  it  is  noticed, 
few  things  being  more  injurious  to  newly-planted  trees 
or  shrubs  than  allowing  them  to  rock  to  and  fro  with 
the  action  of  the  wind.  Ornamental  trees  of  large 
S'ze  that  were  planted  out  during  the  past  season  will 
require  particular  attention  in  this  way,  to  see  that  all 
the  ties,  stakes,  or  other  supports  are  in  good  order, 
and  not  cutting  or  chafing  the  bark. 

Nursery. 

In  the  nursery  great  attention    should    be    given 

to  the  keeping    down  of    weeds,    which,    with    the 

present  mild,   damp  weather,   are  unusually  plentiful 

and  vigorous  m  growth.     Hand-weeding  of  seed-beds 


Jiil.v  4,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


21 


is  best  performed  in  damp,  dripping  weather,  fail- 
ing which  a  good  watering  through  a  fine  rose  will 
to  a  great  extent  prevent  injury  to  the  remaining 
plants.  Keep  a  sharp  look-out  for  beetles  and  cater- 
pillars preying  on  the  young  shoots  and  leaves  of 
coniferous  and  other  trees,  and  take  all  available 
means  to  stop  their  ravages,  as  the  injury  inflicted 
even  in  a  few  days  is  by  no  means  easily  overcome. 
This  battle  with  insect  pests  should  be  extended  to 
newly-formed  plantations,  as  well  as  to  the  nursery 
borders.  Landed  proprietors  are  fast  finding  out 
that,  in  proportion  as  they  keep  their  planta- 
tions free  from  decaying  bfushwood  and  timber, 
so  in  proportion  are  they  freed  from  insect  pests  and 
the  many  evils  attending  their  presence  in  a  ^ood. 
Budding,  layering,  and  planting  cuttings  may  still  be 
engaged  in,  indeed  for  layering  we  consider  the  present 
one  of  the  best  seasons  in  the  year.  Prune  all  kinds 
of  nursery  hedges — Vew,  Box,  Liurustinus,  Privet, 
Barberry,  or  Cypress — and  keep  the  ground  for  a 
couple  of  feet  on  each  side  free  from  weeds  and  in  a 
partially  loose  condition  for  a  few  inches  in  depth. 
The  rot-heap  will  now  require  attenlion,  more 
especially  where  the  Holly,  Hawthorn,  and  Mountain 
Ash  have  been  stored.  Turn  heaps  of  rotting  weeds 
and  decaying  vegetable  matter,  and  by  adding  a  small 
quantity  of  lime,  the  vitality  of  seeds,  which  even 
fermentation  has  but  little  effect  upon,  will  be 
destroyed. 

Thinning  and  Pruning. 
The  thinning  of  young  plantations,  more  especially 
where  this  is  for  the  first  time,  may  now  begin  with 
safety,  and  be  continued  for  at  least  two  months.  In 
doing  so  keep  the  outer  line  or  lines  of  trees  rather 
thick,  so  as  to  prevent  too  sudden  a  change  of  tem- 
perature throughout  the  wood.  Pruning  forest  trees 
generally  should  now  be  engaged  in,  as  at  perhaps  no 
other  season  can  this  operation  be  performed  with 
better  success.  Ornamental  trees  may  be  pinched 
back  or  otherwise  pruned  into  shape. 

Branches  that  are  encroaching  on  the  sides  of  drives 
or  walks  should  also  receive  attention,  and  either  be 
cut  wholly  off  or  terminally  shortened.  Heavy  timber 
growing  contiguous  to  drives  or  walks,  and  that  it  is 
intended  to  thin  out  during  the  coming  season,  may 
now  be  marked,  as  the  change  in  the  landscape  occa- 
sioned by  such  removals  is  now  more  clearly  seen 
than  when  the  trees  are  leafless  in  winter.  Prune  off 
dead  branches,  or  such  as  have  become  twisted  ox 
broken  by  the  wind,  and  paint  the  scars  over  with 
tar  or  other  composition  specially  prepared  for  the 
purpose. 

Fencing. 
Continue  to  erect  new  and  repair  existing  fences  of 
wire,  wood,  or  stones.  At  no  period  of  the  year  is 
more  constant  care  required  to  prevent  the  inroads  of 
cattle  and  sheep  to  plantations  than  the  present. 
Ground  intended  for  planting  during  the  coming 
season  should,  when  a  temporary  lull  ensues,  be 
fenced  out,  as,  in  most  cases  at  least,  this  work  is 
more  readily  performed  during  the  summer  months 
than  in  autumn,  when  required.  The  cartage  of 
material  is  also  less  at  present,  more  especially  in 
hilly  high-lying  grounds.  Tar  fences  during  warm 
weather,  but  previous  to  this  have  all  herbage  cut 
closely  over  along  the  line  of  fence.   A.  D.  IVehWr, 


DISEASE      OF     ADOXA: 

PUCCINIA   SAXIFRAGARUM,  ScHL. 

No  botanist  who  knows  anything  of  the  diseases 
of  plants  can  look  on  a  large  bed  of  Adoxa  mos- 
chatellina  without  thinking  of  the  disease  or  diseases 
to  which  the  plant  is  liable.  Few  observers  would 
expect  to  see  parasitic  fungi  growing  in  luxuriance 
in  the  winter  or  very  early  spring,  and  during  a 
hard  frost.  On  March  15  last  I  saw  an  immense 
spread  of  Adoxa  on  Dunstable  Downs,  and  my 
thoughts  immediately  drifted  to  a  fungus  named 
iEcidium  albescens,  Grev.,  which  sometimes  grows 
upon  Adoxa  in  April.  Nearly  four  months  have  now 
passed,  but  no  trace  of  the  ^cidium  of  spring  has 
been  seen. 

Wishing  to  examine  the  underground  stems  and 
runners  of  Adoxa  last  March  I  dug  up  a  number  of 
examples  and  washed  them  carefully  in  water.  When 
the  subterranean  parts  were  perfectly  clean  I  noticed 
that  many  of  the  underground  stems  (and  those 
growths  only)  were  infested  with  a  Puccinia — a  para- 
site which  is  generally  considered  not  to   be  due  till 


the  summer  or  even  autumn.  In  no  single  instance 
was  there  a  Puccinia  pustule  above-ground. 

In  fig.  7,  I  have  engraved  a  flowering  stem  and 
radical  leaf  of  a  very  young  example  of  Adoxa  as 
gathered  in  March  last.  At  A  E  the  underground 
stems  are  swollen  wiih  disease  and  marked  with  Puc- 
cinia spots,  c  I)  is  the  ground  line  ;  similar  spots  were 
on  some  of  the  runners  and  bud-scales.  At  e  a  frag- 
ment of  one  of  the  swollen  disease  patches  is  enlarged 
to  ten  diameters,  and  at  F  G  11  the  Puccinia  spores  are 
illustrated  enlarged  400  diameters.  The  spore,  F,  is 
of  one  cell.^n  the  style  of  Uredo,  &o.  ;  G  and  three 
others  are  two-celled,  like  Puccinia  ;  and  H  is  three- 
celled,  like  Triphragmium.  Out  of  all  the  spores 
examined  no  one  resembled  another,  some  were  long 
and  narrow,  others  broad  and  flat,  some  angular, 
others  round.  With  such  materials  to  work  with,  an 
imaginative  person  might  "  prove  "  (to  his  own  satis- 
faction) anything,  and  make  out  even  new  genera  as 
well  as  new  species. 

By  April  15  the  leaves  were  invaded  with  the  Puc- 
cinia, and  on  May  9  the  floral  organs  and  young 
berries  were  infested. 

The  explanation  of  the  attack  being  first  made  on 
the  subterranean  parts  of  Adoxa  appears  to  be  this. 
The  plants  of  last  year  were  no  doubt  badly  affected, 
and  the  resting-spores  (Puccinia  spores)  fell  to  the 
ground   in   the   summer  :     they    hybernated    in    the 


ground,  close  to  the  Adoxa  plants  through  the  winter, 
and  germinated  exactly  at  the  time  when  the  Adoxa 
began  to  show  activity  for  the  new  year.  The  Puccinia 
spores  being  in  the  ground,  the  subterranean  parts  of 
Adoxa  were  necessarily  the  first  parts  affected. 

Every  species  of  Puccinia  affords  some  evidence, 
either  for  or  against  the  supposition  that  Corn 
Mildew,  Puccinia  graminis,  can  pass  part  of  its  life  as 
an  /Ecidium  on  Barberry  bushes.  The  following 
shows  how  the  case  standi  with  the  Puccinia  of 
Adoxa.  In  Cooke's  Handbook  P.  saxifragarum, 
Schl.,  is  said  to  grow  "on  Adoxa,  &c.;"  this  Puccinia 
Mr.  Plowright  says  exists  only  in  the  Puccinia  state  : 
it  has,  he  says,  no  /Ecidium.  But  other  authorities 
say  that  the  Puccinia  on  Adoxa  is  different  from  the 
Puccinia  of  Saxifrages,  and  the  latter  gentlemen  have 
distinguished  it  by  the  name  of  P.  Adox:e,  DC. 
Now  Mr.  Plowright,  who  assents  to  this  difference, 
says  that  P.  Adoxae  has  both  Uredo  and  /Ecidio- 
spores.  Dr.  Winter  says  that  there  is  no  difference, 
but  that  both  Puccinias  are  the  same.  The  question 
is,  Does  the  Puccinia  spread  from  Saxifrages  to 
Adoxa,  and  has  it  an  /Kcidium,  or  has  it  not  ?  What 
has  been  "  proved  ?  "  One  half  of  the  best  authori- 
ties say  "yes,"  the  other  half  "no,"  to  both  ques- 
tions. I  have  carefully  examined  authentic  examples 
of  both  so-called  species  of  Puccinia,  and  I  cannot 
see  the  slightest  difference  between  one  and  the  other. 
To   me   they  are  perfectly   identical,  and  my  notes 


show  that  no  .Ecidium  is  necessary,  as  the  Puccinia 
was  in  perfect  condition  underground  from  three  to 
five  months  before  it  was  due  aboveground — long 
before  the  .Ecidium  could  possibly  grow,  and  that  up 
till  now  July)  has  not  grown  at  all. 

In  calling  attention  to  another  instance  of  Puccinia 
attacking  the  fruit  and  seeds,  I  may  say  that  I  have 
proof  that  not  only  does  fungus  mycelium  often 
hybernate  within  the  membranes  of  seeds,  but  resting- 
spores  are  sometimes  produced  within  the  seed-mem- 
branes, and  these  resting-spores  germinate  with  the 
germinating  seeds.  In  other  words,  many  diseases  of 
plants,  as  Corn  mildew,  Puccinia  graminis,  are  here- 
ditary, i.e.,  the  diseases  of  the  parent  plants  are 
transmitted  direct  to  the  seedlings  by  infected  seeds. 
W.  G.  Swuli . 


h  t 


pm- 


OBSERV.\TIONS  0\  BEES. 
O.SCE  upon  a  time  the  people  of  England  who 
kept  bees  attended  to  them  about  twice  a  year— viz., 
at  swarming  time  and  in  the  autumn.  At  swarming 
time  the  swarm  was  taken,  put  into  a  skep,  and  then 
left  alone  till  the  autumn.  They  were  only  disturbed 
between  these  times  if  a  death  occurred  in  the  family, 
when  the  chief  of  the  house  went  to  each  hive,  and 
after  tapping  it,  announced  the  demise  of  the  person 
in  question.  This  was  considered  necessary  to  the 
prosperity  of  the  bees.  In  the  autumn  those  stocks 
which  were  supposed  not  to  have  been  able  to  gather 
enough  for  winter  were  "  taken  up,"  and  then  placed 
over  burning  sulphur.  The  effect  on  the  bees  and 
the  honey  is  so  well  known  that  it  is  now  unneces 
sary  to  go  into  it. 

There  has  of  late  years  arisen  a  more  excellent  way. 
Wooden  hives  have  taken  the  place  of  straw,  and 
the  bees  have  been  induced  to  hang  their  combs  on 
pieces  of  wood,  and  store  it  in  little  boxes,  &c.  These 
combs  can  be  taken  out,  and  examined  at  any  time, 
which  is  very  convenient,  but  which  has  given  rise  to 
many  evils.  A  gentleman  residing  less  than  50  miles 
from  here,  examines  and  overhauls  his  bees  about  four 
times  a-day.  lie  never  allows  one  drone  cell,  and 
the  thought  occurs  so  frequently  about  the  uselessness  of 
the  said  drones,  that  he  would  cut  out  these  cells  four 
times  a-day  {i.e.,  if  he  could  find  any).  He  makes — 
or  has  made — most  elaborate  chaff  cushions,  which  are 
placed  at  the  front  and  back  of  the  bees  just  before 
winter,  and  quilts,  counterpanes,  and  cushions,  are 
laid  on  top.  Cork  dust  is  put  all  round  the  hive, 
and  winter  passages  are  cut  for  the  bees  through  the 
combs.  The  legs  of  the  hive  must  project  at  an 
exact  angle  to  enlarge  the  base,  and  lest  the  cover 
should  happen  to  blow  off  in  a  storm  it  is  secured  with 
ropes  and  tent  pegs.  These  things,  or  most  of  them, 
are  utter  "  bosh,"  and  as  they  disgust  me  so  much, 
you  will  excuse  the  short  word  of  four  letters  just 
used. 

Bees  can  be  kept  and  wintered  in  four  stout  pieces 
of  wood  nailed  together,  with  a  low  cover  over,  or 
without  a  cover  at  all,  or  packing,  in  a  way  presently 
to  be  explained.  Another  fashion  has  also  arisen 
lately,  which  has  received  much  attention  from  certain 
hive-makers — of  course  gain  to  that  honourable  craft 
has  nothing  to  do  with  it.  This  fashion  consists  in 
having  reversible  combs,  which  at  certain  seasons  are 
reversed,  and  the  bees  being  turned  upside  down,  and 
finding  their  honey,  contrary  to  Nature,  at  the 
bottom,  quickly  remove  it  into  the  supers.  The 
principle  may  be  good,  but  the  practice  is  very 
expensive. 

Now  for  my  plan.  Take  four  pieees  of  wood, 
I  inch  or  i\  inch  thick,  and  cut  them  of  such  lengths 
that  the  inside  dimensions  shall  be  12  by  I4i  inches, 
and  9  inches  deep.  This  box  is  to  have  no  bottom, 
but  a  top  of  some  thickness  can  be  screwed  on,  and 
all  painted  outside  two  coats.  Then  fix  some  founda- 
tion comb  in  the  roof  of  the  box  radiating  from  the 
centre — a  mode  of  arranging  which  I  got  from  an 
American. 

Put  your  swarm  in  this  box.  If  it  is  a  fair  summer 
it  will  fill  the  box.  Leave  it  alone  for  winter.  It  will 
require  no  cork-dust,  cushions,  quilts,  nor  dry  sugar- 
feeder — price  half  a  guinea.  If  it  has  been  properly 
made  and  painted  it  will  require  no  cover,  and,  there- 
fore, no  rope  and  tent-pegs.     The  above  method  of 


22 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  1885. 


arranging  the  combs  does  away  wiih  the  ridiculous 
winter  passages,  as  the  bees  can  enlarge  or  contract 
with  the  greatest  ease,  and,  when  necessary,  eat, 
drink,  and  be  merry.  In  the  spring,  when  my  lords 
show  signs  of  swarming,  turn  them  upside  down— if 
you  like  that  fashion— and  phc;  another  box  on  top, 
with  no  top  or  b>itom,  but  same  internal  dimensions. 
In  this  you  can  hang  eight  frames  or  put  boxes,  and 
then,  of  course,  a  cover  would  be  required.  If  you 
do  not  believe  in  the  inverting  system  have  a  round 
hole  in  the  top  of  the  stock  hive,  and  it  can  be  supered 
without  inverting,  only  in  that  case  a  cover  would 
always  be  required,  but  no  packing.  So  much  could 
be  said  in  favour  of  the  time-honoured  skep  that  it  is 
quite  certain  it  will  never  go  out  of  la^hion.  Those 
persons  who  do  not  want  to  examine  their  hives  lour 
times  a-day  would  do  well  to  examine  the  catalogue  of 
Mr.  W.  1'.  Meado»s,of  Syston.near  Leicester.  He  has 
two  hives,  one  of  which  is  called  The  Gem,  and  the  other 
The  Favourite.  Both  consist  of  well-made  skeps  stood 
on  a  wooden  stand.  The  Gem  is  covered  wiih 
painted  z^nc,  while  The  Favourite  is  covered  wiih 
wood.  Crates  of  sections  can  be  put  on  each,  and 
whtn  partly  filled  others  can  be  placed  under.  This 
can  be  done  till  there  are  three  tiers  of  sections,  one 
above  the  other.  I  have  tiitd  many  hives,  and  have 
seen,  I  believe,  the  catalogues  of  every  tradesman, 
but  I  do  not  think  I  have  yet  seen  anything  of  the 
sort  to  equal  these,  and  can  thoroughly  recommend 
them  to  those  who  keep  bees  for  honey.  I  may 
give  a  little  more  of  my  experience  at  a  future  date. 


BLETCHINGLY,    SURREY. 

In  countiies  sul'ject  to  close  cultivation  there  is 
always  a  tendency  to  limit  or  almost  eradicate  the 
primitive  or  indigenous  vegetation.  What  remains  is 
generally  confined  to  the  most  determined  weeds,  or 
those  that  inhabit  places  unamenable  to  cultivation. 
Some,  although  of  a  weedy  character,  are  amongst 
the  most  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the  cornfield,  tnd 
not  unfrequently  the  sign  of  a  lazy  husbandman. 
Next  to  cultivation  the  plant  collector  must  come  in 
for  his  share  of  opprobrium  for  the  despoliation  of 
the  choicer  flora.  Notwithstanding  these  evils,  iso- 
lated spots  or  localities  occur  replete  with  many  of  the 
finer  forms  of  our  native  flora  in  tolerable  plenty  or 
great  abundance. 

The  N'orth  Downs,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bletch- 
ingly,  are  in  many  places  a  paradise  of  wild  flowers, 
and  together  with  the  corn,  hay,  or  pasture  fields  that 
skirt  the  base  of  the  hills  or  follow  their  sinuous  wind- 
ings, exhibit  a  rich  and  varied  vegetation.  The  spotted 
Orchis  miculala  occupies  both  dry  and  damp  situa- 
tions, but  in  the  latter  it  luxuriates  with  such  freedom 
as  to  give  its  own  tone  of  colour  to  the  meadow. 
\Vhi:e  varieties  are  not  uncommon,  and  Listera 
ovata,  together  with  the  fragrant  Habenaria  bifolia, 
are  partial  to  the  same  conditions  as  to  moisture. 
Gymnadeniaconopsea,  another  highly  fragrant  species, 
abounds  in  various  situations,  but  chiefly  those  of  a 
drier  or  chalky  nature.  No  plant  lover  could  fail  to  be 
interested  in  such  British  species  as  Ophrys  apifeta 
and  O.  muscifera,  especially  those  who  have  seen  them 
for  the  first  time.  The  latter  affects,  or  at  least  grows 
freely  in  shady  situations,  and  is  extremely  interesting 
on  account  of  the  resemblance  of  the  petals  to  antenniE 
and  the  labellum  to  the  body  of  a  fly.  The  larger- 
flowered  O.  apsifera,  however,  will  always  be  regarded 
as  an  object  of  great  beauty.  The  greatest  attraction 
lies  in  the  rosy  petals  and  the  brownish-purple 
labellum,  marked  wiih  traces  of  golden-yellow.  Not- 
withstanding its  beauty  and  high  development,  there 
is  visible  evidence  in  almost  every  fully  expanded 
flower  of  the  power  and  the  process  of  self-fertilisa- 
tion. The  species  delights  in  dry  exposed  places  in 
the  full  blaze  of  the  sun,  where  the  chalky  material  in 
which  it  grows  is  dust  dry.  Rather  uncommon 
Borageworts  are  Cynoglossum  officinale,  with  purple 
flowers  ;  and  Echium  vulgare,  of  a  brilliant  hue. 
The  latter  is  so  abundant  in  places  as  to  give  a 
most  decided  hue  to  the  existing  vegetation. 
The  stems  grow  from  i  to  3  feet  high,  bearing 
scorpioid  racemes  (not  cymes,  as  they  used  to 
be  considered),  densely  arranged  over  great  part  of 
their  length,  and  are  highly  conspicuous  and  effective. 
Orobanche  minor,  with  its  dingy  brownish-purple 
flowers,  is  by  no  means  a  fastidious  parasite,  but 
seems  to  affect  a  host  of  plants  of  widely  different 
afliniiies.  Here  it  occurs  on  the  tuberous  root-stock 
of '  Arrhenantherum    elatius     bulbosum.       In    the 


deep  shade  of  trees,  where]  few  of  the  above- 
mentioned  subjects  would  maintain  an  existence,  the 
curious  Liliaceous  plant,  Paris  quadrifolia,  enjoys  a 
Cool  retreat,  abhough  not  altogether  unmolested 
home.  The  leaves  vary  from  four  to  seven,  and  the 
flowers,  although  far  from  attractive,  are  interesting, 
as  the  plant  is  lare  or  local. 

Notable  amongst  the  flowers  of  the  cornfield  are 
Specularia  hybrida  and  Papaver  Argemone.  The 
latter  is  the  smallest  of  British  Poppies,  and  is  ren- 
dered conspicuous  by  its  bright  scarlet  flowers  with 
black  spots  at  the  base  of  the  petals  and  finely-divided 
foliage. 

In  spite  of  the  broiling  sun  and  the  steep  ascent, 
one  is  impelled  to  climb  or  scramble  up  the  best  way 
practicable,  through  a  rampant  and  tangled  vegeta- 
tion, whether  pathless  or  otherwise.  Scattered  about 
in  the  most  careless  and  natural  manner  are  the  Bee 
Orchis,  Wild  Thyme,  Erodiumcicutaiium,  and  broad 
patches  01  Ilippocrepis  comosa,  and  a  host  of  other 
choice  subjects  too  numerous  to  mention.  Later  in 
the  season  Chlora  perfoliala,  Erylhr.-ei  centaurium, 
and  Epipaclis  li'ifolia  will  keep  up  the  floral  display. 
Daphne  laureola  having  flowered  early  is  now  bear- 
ing its  clusters  of  black  berries.  Lathyrus  sylvestris 
covers  a  wide  range  in  this  neighbourhood,  extending 
for  some  miles  at  least  along  the  lower  slopes  of  the 
hills,  and  later  on  will  make  a  bold  and  lasting 
display. 

Once  the  summit  is  gained  the  eye  ranges  over  a 
wide  tract  of  pasture-lands  and  cultivated  fields 
variously  defined  by  brooks,  pathways,  and  hedi^e- 
rows,  forming  endless  and  fantastic  outlines.  Farther 
off,  Redhill,  Nutrteld,  and  Bletchingly  appear  to 
nestle  embosomed  and  sheltered  amidst  verdant 
clumps  of  trees.  In  another  direction  the  vision 
extends  uninterruptedly  to  the  familiar  and  character- 
istic lowers  of  the  Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham.  F. 


j4ojviE    f  orre3po;^de;^ce. 


Fairy  Rings,  — I  measured  the  diameter  of  an 
enormous  fairy  ring  to  day  on  the  chalk  downs  on  the 
west  side  of  Dunstable.  It  was  exictly  Oo  feet  in 
diameter,  and  was  dark  brownish-green  in  colour. 
This  dark  brownish  hue  was  not  owing  to  the  pre- 
sence of  rank  growing  grasses'but  was  almost  entirely 
due  to  one  broad  and  continuous  growth  of  wild 
Thyme  (Thymus  Serpyllum).  Dotted  amongst  this 
wild  Thyme  were  numerous  plants  of  the  coinmon 
Rockcist,  flelianihemum  vulgare.  Both  these  plants 
are  diffused  over  the  down-,  but  they  both  show  a 
most  distinct  and  special  liking  for  the  fairy  rings. 
The  common  Hippocrepis  comosa  is  also  frequent  on 
the  downs,  but  it  is  curious  that  this  plant  appears  to 
avoid  the  rings.  It  is  seldom  to  be  seen  on  them. 
The  Ilelianthemum  of  the  rings  is  of  a  more  sulphury, 
yellow  colour  than  the  Hippocrepis.  The  light  sul- 
phury-yellow tint  of  the  Helianlhemum,  on  the 
circles  of  dark  Thyme,  with  its  purple  flowers, 
looks  very  curious  and  pretty,  and  the  contrast 
with  the  darker  Hippocrepis  can  be  readily  seen. 
W.   G.  S. 

Certificating  Plants  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Show.— I  see  this  week  another 
peculiarity  of  the  system  of  certifying  plants  by  the 
committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  It  is 
that  they  gave  a  First-class  Certificate  to  Aoguloa 
Ruckeiii,  sent  up  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  ;  but  they 
did  not  give  one  to  the  plant  sent  up  by  Mr.  Ingram 
on  May  26,  which  had  seven  flowers,  nor  did  they 
to  one  I  sent  up  last  year  with  the  variety  san- 
guinea  (to  which  they  did  give  one).  Again,  the 
plant  of  Cattleya  delicatissima,  sent  up  by  the  New 
Plant  and  Bulb  Co.,  which  I  believe  is  a  pure  white- 
lipped,  rosy-sepalled  and  petalled  form  of  C.  Mendelii, 
was  denied  one.  I  also  sent  this  variety  up  to  the 
Conference,  and  that  day  my  plant   was  denied  a 


certificate.  Surely  a  form  of  C.  Mendelii  named 
leucoglossa,  which  has  a  white  lip  without  any  blotch, 
and  has  rosy  (though  fain')  sepals  and  petals,  is  worthy 
of  certificate.  There  is  growing  dissatisfaction  as  to 
the  manner  in  which  certificates  are  given  or  withheld,' 
and  it  behoves  the  committee  to  give  them  as  they 
should  be  given.  It  may  be  there  are  too  many  on 
the  committee  who  know  so  little  about  Orchids  that 
they  vote  in  a  manner  that  is  divergent  with  (he 
voting  of  the  orchidists,  and  thereby  cancel  the  vote 
that  should  be  given.  If  it  is  so  there  should  be  an 
Orchid  committee  alone,  and  as  there  are  plenty  of 
people  who  know  enough  of  Orchids  who  would  act 
it  should  be  considered  by  the  (Council  for  future 
years.  There  are  scores  of  good  plant-growers  who 
know  no  more  about  an  Orchid  than  it  knows  of 
them  :  if  there  are  such  on  the  committee  they  have 
no  business  there.  />£■  £.  Crnu's/iay. 

Lisbon  Parks  and  Gardens. — Will  you  kindly 
allow  me  to  m,rke  a  correction  in  the  note  on  the 
above  heading  in  your  issue  of  last  Saturday  (p.  S26), 
"Portico"  ought  to  be  "  palio."  For  the  benefit  of 
those  who  may  not  know  the  term,  I  may  say  that  it 
is  the  Portuguese  name  for  the  quadrangular  parcel  of 
ground  so  often  seen  in  the  centre  of  houses  in  that 
climate.  When  this  space  is  used  as  a  garden  it  is 
still  so  termed,  in  contradistinction  to  "  quinta," 
which  would  correspond  nearest  to  our  kitchen  gar- 
den. The  walls  of  the  house  round  the  "  palio  "  are 
generally  more  or  less  furnished  with  balconies,  which 
afford  a  delicioudy  cool  resort  during  the  burden  and 
heat  of  the  day.  Some  of  these  "  patios  "  are  merely 
stone  or  tile  pavements  set  around  a  fountain,  with 
perhaps  Camellias,  Loquats,  Neriums,  or  something 
else  in  each  corner,  according  to  the  discretion  of 
present  or  past  owners.  Others  again  have  mixed 
beds  of  flowering  and  foliage  plants,  and  a  balcony 
overrun  by  climbers  ;  such  an  one  had  I  in  my  remem- 
brance when  writing  the  sentence.  C.  A.  M.  Car- 
miihacl. 

Red-Spider  on  Vines.  — Having  had  to  force 
rather  sharply,  I  found  red-spider  attacking  the  Vines, 
and  after  trying  the  usual  remedy  of  sulphuring  the 
pipes  and  running  the  temperature  up  quickly  for  the 
heat  to  drive  off  the  fumes,  without  meeting  with  the 
immediate  success  I  desired,  I  resolved  on  other 
measures  and  set  to  work  wiih  the  garden  engine, 
charged  with  clear  soft  water,  with  which  we  quickly 
washed  the  insects  off,  and  instead  of  the  Grapes 
(which  are  fast  colouring)  looking  any  the  worse  for 
the  sousing  it  has  improved  their  appearance,  and 
they  give  every  promise  of  finishing  up  wiih  a  very 
fine  bloom.  The  way  we  managed  was  to  get  well 
under  the  Vines,  so  as  to  catch  the  leaves  right,  when 
the  water  was  driven  at  them  in  a  continuous  rushing 
spray,  which  at  once  broke  the  webs  of  the  spider, 
without  harming  the  foliage.  The  time  we  set  to 
work  was  about  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  we 
set  the  house  wide  open  and  had  a  good  fire  under 
the  boiler  that  the  Vines  and  Grapes  might  dry 
quickly,  and  to  hasten  this  we  now  and  then  gave 
them  a  knock  or  gentle  shake,  to  bring'  the  big  hang- 
ing drops  down,  and  they  fell  in  showers.  I  once 
tried  the  same  experiment  when  the  Grapes  were 
about  the  size  of  Peas;  they  got  a  little  damaged  then, 
the  skins  being  too  tender  to  stand  the  dashing  of  the 
water,  and  the  knocking  or  chafing  together  of  the 
berries  it  caused.  At  a  later  stage,  like  the  above 
referred  to,  no  one  who  has  red-spider  need  hesitate 
to  do  as  we  have,  and  wash  them  off,  but  care  must 
be  exercised  not  to  break  or  make  holes  in  the  leaves, 
which  is  soon  done  if  the  force  of  the  water  is  not 
regulated  to  what  they  will  bear.  J.  Sliepp.-ird. 

Tacsonias  Dying.— It  is  difficult,  without  seeing 
"  H.  K.'s"  plant,  to  say  what  is  the  cause  of  the 
shoots  dying  in  the  manner  indicated  at  p.  769  of  out 
list  volume.  But  have  known  shoots  of  T.  Van 
Volxemii,  when  infested  with  white  scale,  to  die  in  that 
way,  and  the  cause,  owing  to  the  shoots  being  a  good 
distance  from  the  floor  line,  was  not  at  first  sight 
obvious.  It  is,  therefore,  just  possible  that  the  shoots 
of  "  H.  K.'s  "  plant  may  be  similarly  affected.  Or  it 
may  be  that  they  are,  or  have  been,  tied  too  lightly  to 
the  trellis,  or  are  in  contact  with  unpainted  galvanised 
wire.  I  would,  therefore,  advise  your  correspondent, 
if  he  has  not  already  done  so,  to  thoroughly  examine 
his  plants,  cut  clean  away  the  decayed  shoots,  wash 
the  individual  plants  and  shoots  with  a  sponge  and 
sott-sQapy  water  if  necessary,  train  the  same  thinly 


Tui.N    4     ibS;,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


23 


and  loosely  underneath  the  roof  of  his  conservatory, 
and  then  give  the  plants  a  good  watering  at  the 
roots,  which,  seeing  that  "11.  K.'s"  border  is  about 
the  same  size  as  the  one  here,  and  well-drained, 
should  be  repeated  at  least  three  times  a  fortnight 
during  the  summer  and  autumn  n-onths,  with  occa- 
sional applications  of  liquid  manure,  and  whenever 
the  flowers  do  not  open,  it  is  in  a  border  made  like 
your  correspondent's,  and  presumably  full  of  roots,  an 
indication  of  dryness  at  ihe  roots.  Shoots  should  not 
be  stopped,  but  simply  thinned  out  to  prevent  them 
from  becoming  crowded.  Thus  treated,  and  with 
proper  ventilation,  satisfactory  results  may  be  looked 
for.  H.  ly.  War  J,  Longford  Caslk. 

Flowering  Shrubs  in  Suffolk.— Is  not  this  year 
exceptionally  a  flowering  year  ?  The  Hollies  have 
been  white  with  blossom,  and  even  the  flowering  of 
fjrest  trees — Oaks,  Sycamores,  &c. — has  been  uii- 
usually  profuse.  The  ]jan'<sian  Roses  have  been 
masses  of  bloom,  aud  the  Pomegranate  blossoms  just 
expanding  promise  us  wreaths  of  their  lovely  scarlet 
flowers.  Lilacs,  Laburnums,  Rhododendrons,  and 
double  May  trees  have  made  the  garden  one  glorious 
nosegay  ;  and  the  orchard,  so  gay  a  few  weeks  since, 
promises  a  splendid  crop.  Myrlk. 

Eucalyptus    globulus. — Mention    having    been 
made  in  your  columns  recently  respecting  the  Austra- 
lian Gum  trees,  and  of  the  difficulty  experienced   in 
getting  the  seed  to  germinate,  allow  me  to  say  that  I 
have  found  the  seed  of  E.  globulus  to  germinate  most 
freely.     In  the  spring  of   1S79   I   purchased  seed  of 
this  species  of  Mr.  Treseder,  of  Sydney,   which  had 
been  obtained  from  Tasmania,  and  which  was  at  least 
a  year  old.     It  was  brought  to  England  without   any 
special  precaution  to  protect  it  from  the  sea  air  (being 
merely  wrapped  tightly  in  a  fold  or  two  of  paper), 
and  sown  in  the  autumn  of  the  same   year;  in   about 
fourteen  days  nearly   every   seed   grew.     The   three 
strongest  were  selected,  and  are  now  grown  to  strong 
young  trees  15  feet  high,  the  largest  being  9  inches  in 
circumference  at  3  feet  from  theground.   Unfortunately, 
from  being  in  an  exposed  situation  they  have  suffered 
much  from  the  cold  winds,  the  result  being  that  the 
largest  has  lost  nearly  all  its  leaves  and  the  extremities 
of  the  branches  are  dead  or  dying,  but  strange  to  say 
it  is  budding  out  all  the  way  up  the  trunk   from   the 
ground.     It  has  twice  had  the  top  broken  off"  by  the 
wind.     Having   lived    through    these    mishaps,    it  is 
easy  to  conceive  what  the   tree    would    have    become 
had  it  been  planted  in  a  position  favourable  for  its 
development.     One  of  them   has   developed    foliage 
quite  different  to  the  others,  and  is  evidently  hardier, 
having  retained  its  leaves.     Of  several  seedlings  raised 
each  his  exhibited  some   slight    peculiarity   of   leaf; 
Ihcy  have  at  first  been  opposite  and  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  ultimately  becoming  alternate  and  lanceo- 
late ;  the  young  stem  and  branches  being  tetragonal  ; 
but  in  the  exception  mentioned  the  leaves  have  been 
not  only  ditTerent   in  shape   but   different  in  texture, 
being  coriaceous  and   more  like  the  common    Aus- 
tralian    Gums  ;     the     bark     of     the     young    stem 
is    also    different,     being   smooth,    round    and    red. 
(I  enclose  a  few  leaves  of  this  one  for  your  inspection). 
The  roots  of  this  tree  were  a  good  deal  meddled  with 
at  the  time  of  planting,  and  had  a  quantity  of  manure 
applied  to  them.     Whether  the  change  in  the  foliage, 
&c.,  was  the  result  of  one  or  both  of  these  causes,  or 
whether  it  was  from  a  seed  of  a  different  species,  it  is 
impossible  to  say.     The  leaves,  at   first,  showed   no 
perceptible   marked  difference    from    the   others.      I 
believe,  myself,  that  all  the  seed  was  true  E.  globulus  : 
if  so,  it  shows  to  what  an  extraordinary  extent  the 
foliage  and  habit  of  the  Eucalypti  may  vary,  and  gives 
some  indication  of  the  difficulties  overcome  by  those 
who  first  undertook  the  differentiation  of  the  species 
of  this  difficult  genus.      Last  spring  I  sowed  some 
more  of  the  same  seed  when  it   was  at  least  seven 
years  old,  and  at  the  end  of  about  four  weeks  nearly 
every  seed   germinated  as  before,  the  only  diflference 
being  that  the  seed  was  longer  in  germinating  and  the 
young  plants  did  not  grow  quite  so  fast  as  those  of  the 
first  sowing.     I  have  given  the  young  plants  away  to 
different  persons,  but   few  seem  to  comprehend  that 
such   small  plants  can  belong  to  a  class  of  trees,  in- 
dividuals of  which  have    been  known  to  reach  the 
enormous  height  of  over  400  feet,  and  evidently  regard 
the  statement  as  somewhat  over  the  left,  consequently 
the  plants  are  kept  too  long  in  the  pots  instead  of 
being  at  once  planted  out  where  they  are  to  remain. 
I  believe  the  best  way  would   be  to  put  the  plants 


where  they  are  to  remain  when  they  are  about  12  or 
18  inches  high,  as  the  pots  soon  become  choked  with 
roots  :  this  would  give  the  tap-root  a  chance  of 
descending  perpendicularly,  which  is  essential  to  the 
well-being  of  the  trees.  If  this  were  done,  and  some 
protection  afforded  during  the  first  two  or  three 
winters,  this  species  would  do  well  in  the  warmer 
parts  of  England  (and  indeed  Scotland,  as  is  evident 
from  Ihe  communication  of  your  correspondent,  the 
Rev.  D.  Lindsborough),  provided  suitable  sites  be 
selected  for  planting  ;  these  would  be  on  the  warm 
slopes  of  frfellered  valleys,  where  the  trees  would  not 
be  exposed  to  the  winds,  and  where  the  bed-rock  is 
some  depth  from  the  surface.  When  the  seedlings  are 
only  an  inch  or  so  high  they  have  roots  4  or  5  inches 
deep,  so  that  the  necessity  of  providing  depth  of  soil 
is  apparent.  Whilst  on  this  subject  I  cannot  help 
expressing  regret  that  the  magnificent  timber  trees  of 
Australia  should  have  been  so  ruthlessly  destroyed— 
all  along  the  coast  from  Melbourne  to  Sydney  the 
scenery  is  marred  by  thousands  06  dead  trees  which 
have  been  killed  by  the  process  of  ring-baiking,  so 
say  the  squatters,  for  the  sake  of  the  grass.  Whether 
the  end  justified  or  was  attained  by  the  means  is  open  to 
question;  there  cinnot  be  much  doubt  that  the  climate 
has  been  prejudicially  affected  in  consequence,  and 
some  of  the  colonists  are  waking  up  to  the  fact  now 
it  is  all  but  too  late.   Frank  Gunning,  Brislol,  June  4 . 

Pollen  Pellets. — Probably  those  masses  of  pollen 
sent  by  Dr.  Wallace  to  the  Scientific  Committee 
were  deposited  by  Osmia  rufa,  one  of  our  commonest 
wild  bees.  The  bee  found  what  seemed  a  convenient 
place  for  nidification,  and  then  some  human  monster 
(I  hope  the  lady  will  forgive  me)  opened  the  window 
and  spoilt  everything.  Entomophile. 

The  Auricula. — Will  you  allow  me  to  state  that 
of  the  four  types  mentioned  in  your  last  article  on 
the  origin  of  the  garden  Auricula  two  are,  according 
to  Professor  Kerner,  hybrids,  viz.,  venusla,  Hort., 
Auricula  x  carniolica,  and  pubescens,  Jacq.,  Super- 
auricula  X  hirsuta.  P.  venusta  is  only  found  in 
Carniola,  not  on  Monte  Baldo,  as  formerly  was 
believed.   0.  Forster,  Lcbcnhof,  Amlria, 

Tying  Plants.  — How  often  one  sees  plants  tied, 
twisted,  and  contorted  out  of  all  natural  shape,  to 
the  great  detriment  of  the  luckless  specimen  so 
operated  upon  in  more  ways  than  one.  While 
admitting  that  some  plants  lend  themselves  more 
readily  to  this  style  of  treatment  than  others,  I  do 
not  for  a  moment  think  that  any  plant  looks  so 
well  when  it  is  tied  down,  or  up,  as  the  case  may  be, 
without  a  twig  out  of  place,  as  it  would  do  were  it 
allowed  to  have  a  little  of  its  own  sweet  will,  and 
exhibit  some  of  its  natural  habit.  I  allude  t  J  both 
plants  in  pots  and  planted  out  against  pillars.  How 
often  one's  feelings  are  outraged  at  the  sight  of  a 
large  climber  trained  up  a  pillar  in  a  stilT-looking 
conservatory,  tied  in  to  its  supports  a;  tightly  and 
closely  almost  as  a  Birch  "  besom."  Now  would  the 
plant  not  look  much  happier  if  allowed  a  little  more 
freedom,  and  will  any  one  deny  for  a  moment  the 
improved  appearance  to  the  house  were  the  longer 
shoots  allowed  to  hang  loosely?  They  might  not 
just  give  an  effect  at  once,  but  the  shoots,  leaves,  &c., 
will  soon  adapt  themselves  to  circumstances,  and  look 
very  pretty.  I  remember  once  seeing  a  fine  plant  of 
Clianthus  puniceus  in  fine  flower,  but  it  was  tied 
in  to  the  pillar  of  that  conservatory,  and  a  more 
"badly  used"  looking  object  you  could  not  well 
imagine,  whereas  if  it  had  but  been  left  to  throw  its 
fine  graceful  shoots  out  from  the  pillar  a  little,  it 
wonid  have  been  a  thing  to  admire,  and  would  have 
afforded  a  relief  from  the  painfully  exact  routine  of 
the  house.  To  go  back  again  to  plants  in  pots,  I 
will  take  Azaleas  as  an  instance,  and  I  know  I  am 
treading  on  rather  dangerous  ground  here,  but  assure 
all  that  I  have  no  wish  to  hurt  any  one's  feelings  by 
writing  against  their  particular  hobby,  but  those  that 
are  so  much  in  favour  of  those  established  ideas  that 
Azaleas,  to  look  well,  &c.,  should  be  an  exact 
pyramid  and  have  the  flowers  regularly  distributed 
over  its  surface,  &c.  I  would  simply  ask  them  to  see 
a  large  plant  of  the  old  .\.  indica  alba  or  others 
allowed  to  grow  in  freedom,  and  see  the  pleasing 
effect  produced  by  its  introduction  amongst  Palms, 
Ferns,  &c.  Of  course  I  do  not  advocate  letting  it 
grow  where  and  how  it  likes  ;  keep  it  within  reasonable 
bounds  by  all  means,  but  do  not  adopt  the  fearfully 
exact  shape  so  much  in  vogue.     I  believe  the  chief 


argument  in  favour  of  close  tying  is  economy  in  space  : 
this  we  all  know  is  a  perplexing  problem  to  all 
gardeners,  who,  no  matter  how  much  glass  they  have, 
invariably  require  more,  but  against  this  may  be 
reckoned  the  lime  taken  up  with  the  operation,  also 
in  case  of  an  accident,  such  as  anything  falling  up 
against  it,  or  getting  a  knock  in  transit,  the  specimen 
that  is  tied  will  take  more  harm  than  one  not.  And 
will  any  one  maintain  that  plants  can  be  aseffeclively 
arranged  with  others  when  tied  into  a  "bunch  "  as 
they  can  when  growing  gracefully  and  free  ?  F. 

Diseased  Tomatos. — Can  you  kindly  explain 
the  cause  and  give  a  remedy  for  the  spots  on  the 
Tomato  leaves  herewith  enclosed  ?  The  plant  when 
so  attacked  is  generally  enfeebled,  and  the  fruit,  if  set, 
will  not  develope.  It  is  prevalent  in  a  district  where 
Tomatos  are  extensively  grown  under  glass  for' 
the  market.  //'.  A'.  k5r^  Co.  [The  orange  or  pinkish 
spots  infesting  the  Tomato  foliage  are  caused  by 
a  fungus  named  Dactylium  lycopersici,  by  Mr. 
C.  B.  Plowright.  A  description  and  illustration 
of  the  fungus  is  to  be  found  in  the  GarJeiters' 
ChronuU  for  November  12,  iSSi,  p.  621.  If  pos# 
sible  the  diseased  leaves  should  be  gathered  and 
burnt.   W.  G.  J.] 

Fabiana  imbricata  and  Ceanothus  Veitchii, 
&c. — Amongst  the  many  plants  in  the  nurseries  at 
Monifeith,  Messrs.  Laird  &  Sinclair's,  is  a  grand 
plant  of  the  above,  about  5  feet  high,  trained  against 
a  wall.  Covered  with  its  pure  white  Erica  like  flowers, 
what  a  grand  plant  as  seen  here  ;  a  great  pity  not 
more  generally  grown  and  known.  Another  telling 
plant  close  by  is  Ceanothus  \^eitchii,  trained  in  the 
same  way,  covered  with  its  bright  azure-blue  flowers, 
fine  branching  spikes,  contrasting  -Aell  with  the  former. 
Some  specimen  Deulzia  gracilis  also,  3  to  4  feet  high 
and  as  much  through,  are  laden  with  flowers  also. 
These  nurseriei  contain  an  extensive  and  varied  col- 
lection of  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  and  a  superb 
collection  of  herbaceous  and  alpine  plants,  which  are 
now  to  be  seen  in  flower  in  the  well  arranged  beds 
and  borders,  contrasting  nicely  with  the  ornamental 
plants.    ./.  O. 

A  Charming  Bed. — It  is  one  designed  by  Mr.  J. 
Hudson,  of  Gunnersbury  House.  It  is  a  circular  bed 
of  medium  size,  on  the  grass  plat,  and  is  planted  in 
this  way  : — In  the  centre  is  the  Persian  yellow  Rose 
pegged  down,  round  this  is  the  Apricot-coloured 
Austrian  Brier  similarly  treated,  and  as  a  margin  to 
the  whole  a  ring  of  the  ptetly  blue  Nemophila 
insignis  ;  then  from  amid  the  Roses  rise  up  plants 
of  Hyacinthus  candicans.  This  is  at  any  rate  an  un- 
usual bed,  and  with  the  Roses  and  Nemophila  in 
bloom  at  the  present  moment,  makes  a  very  unusual 
one,  and  it  is  a  great  relief  from  the  stereotyped  flower 
beds  one  sees  much  too  often,  /v.  D. 

Mealy-bug  on  Vines. — Thinking  that  a  detail  of 
my  experience  might  prove  useful  in  gelting  rid  of  the 
above  pest,  I  will  give  you  a  short  history  of  the 
case.  About  five  or  six  years  ago  I  introduced  a  fine 
plant  of  Stephanotii  into  a  corner  of  my  vinery,  where 
for  the  first  year  it  appeared  healthy,  and  flowered 
abundantly.  The  next  it  was  infested  with  mealy- 
bug, on  which  I  removed  it  from  the  house  ;  for  the 
next  three  years  my  Grapes  were  entirely  ruined,  and 
the  Vines  became  unhealthy  in  spite  of  every  appli- 
cation I  could  think  of.  I  tried  sulphur.  Fir-tree  oil, 
and  the  usual  recipes  for  washing  the  rods,  besides 
fresh  soil,  paint,  and  whitening,  without  effect  ;  but 
thinking  it  probable  that  the  eggs  or  larvce  were 
deposited  in  the  earth  (the  Vines  being  planted  inside), 
I  thought  I  would  try  the  application  of  soot  to  the 
roots  externally.  This  year  I  am  happy  to  say  no  mealy- 
bug has  manifested  itself,  and  I  have  great  hope  that 
a  cure  has  been  effected.  As  in  Phylloxera  the  mis- 
chief begins  at  the  roots,  the  application  of  soot  may 
be  of  service  in  that  terrible  pest.  I  wonder  whether 
it  has  ever  been  tried.   James  C.  Barnhani. 

Morello  Cherries.— Whether  it  is  the  result  of 
electricity  or  not,  I  was  last  year  deprived  of  a  very 
fine  Morello  tree  in  mid-season.  It  had  set  its  crop 
of  fruit,  and,  equally  healthy  with  those  near  it,  sud- 
denly it  withered  and  died.  On  taking  it  up  in  the 
autumn  I  could  detect  nothing  in  the  roots  or  stock 
that  would  give  me  any  reason  to  suspect  the  cause 
of  it.  I  have  had  Pears,  Roses,  Clematises  die  in 
exactly  the  same  manner,  and  have  attributed  it  to 


24 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  4    18S5. 


some  composition  in  the  soil  peculiar  to  this  locality. 
In  the  case  of  the  Rose  it  was  saturated  with  water 
several  times,  and  ultimately  recovered.  This  was 
one  of  about  400  dwarfs  planted  in  one  border.  The 
cause  was  not  dryness  at  the  roots,  because  only  the 
day  before  I  had  cut  an  exhibition  bloom  from  it  ;  the 
next  day  it  was  all  withered  up.  D.  C.  Powell. 

The  Rosefield  Vandas. — My  Vandas  bruised 
blooms  are  mentioned  on  p.  S23.  In  justice  to  them 
and  the  packing,  please  insert  that  they  first  opened 
on  April  19,  and  travelled  nearly  200  miles  to  four 
shows,  and  of  course  were  packed  and  unpacked  eight 
times,  making  sixteen  operations.  De  B.  Crawshay. 

The  Position  of  Certain  Stems  in  Plants. 
— In  reply  to  your  query  regarding  the  above 
(Gardners'  Chronitk,  June  13)  the  plants  to  which 
I  more  particularly  referred  were  various  species  of 
Iris,  notably  our  native  I.  pseudocarus,  and  the 
two  foreigners,  I.  gigantea  and  I.  cristata.  A  some- 
what similar  sample  may  be  found  in  the  leaves  of 
our  common  Beech  tree,  the  position  and  arrange- 
ment of  the  chlorophyll  cells  in  those  exposed  to 
strong  light  being  quite  the  opposite  of  such  as  grow 
in  the  shade.  A.  D.  IVebstir. 

Kandy  (Ceylon)  Exhibition. — Messrs.  James 
Carter  &  Co.,  London,  seed  growers  and  merchants, 
bave  obtained  the  highest  prizes,  consisting  of  four 
Silver  and  six  Bronze  Medals,  for  the  produce  of  their 
seeds  at  the  Agri-llorticultural  Exhibition  held  at 
the  above  place.  J.  C. 

Candytuft  Empress.  —  It  is  not  often  that  a 
plant  receives  from  the  Floral  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  a  First-class  Certificate 
of  Merit  twice,  but  if  the  records  of  the  doings  of 
this  body  are  examined  it  will  be  found  that  this  very 
plant,  which  on  Tuesday,  June  23,  received  a  First- 
class  Certificate  of  Merit  as  Candytuft  Empress,  was 
previously  awarded  the  same  distinction  in  August, 
or  early  in  September,  1SS3.  It  was  then  shown  by 
Messrs.  Biddies  &  Co.,  of  Loughborough,  under  the 
name  of  Giant  White  Rocket  Candytuft,  and  the 
Floral  Committee  awarded  it  a  First-class  Certificate 
of  Merit,  bestowing  upon  it  the  name  of  Iberis 
Empress.  It  is  now  shown  as  Candytuft  Empress,  and 
similarly  honoured.  If  it  received  twenty  First-class 
Certificates  of  Merit  they  would  be  deserved,  for  it  is 
a  great  and  remarkable  advance  in  white  annual 
Candytufts.  The  credit  of  originating  it  belongs 
rightly  to  Mr.  James  Dobbie,  of  Renfrew,  an  enter- 
prising florist,  who  has  done  good  work  in  the  way 
of  selecting  very  fine  types  of  flowers  and  vegetables. 
This  Candytuft  was  first  sent  out  as  Bobbie's  White 
Giant  Rocket  Candytuft.  I  think  Mr.  Dobbie  was 
a  little  too  anxious  to  get  it  into  the  market,  and  so 
introduced  it  before  its  fine  character  was  thoroughly 
fixed.  I  have  seen  seedlings  from  it  varying  con- 
siderably in  character,  some  comparatively  small, 
others  wonderfully  fine  ;  and  it  was  this  last  type  that 
was  shown  on  June  23.  It  should  be  grown  by  all 
lovers  of  hardy  annuals.  But  under  whatever  name 
it  may  be  known  let  Mr.  Dobbie  have  the  credit  of 
having  originated  it.  R.  D. 

Rhubarb  Stott's  Monarch. — I  beg  to  cor- 
roborate the  remarks  of  Mr.  Cullingford  at  p.  S27 
respecting  this  variety.  Its  being  of  a  green  colour 
and  large  size  may  perhaps  not  find  it  favour  with  the 
market  gardener  or  salesman,  but  for  private  estab- 
lishments it  would  be  appreciated,  its  flavour  sur- 
passing any  other  variety  I  know.  D,  C.  Powell. 

Double  Primula  sinensis. — These  are  admirably 
done  at  Shipley  Hall,  near  Derby,  by  Mr.  W.  Elphin- 
stone.  There  appears  to  be  something  novel  about 
his  method  of  management,  and  it  does  appear  to 
have  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the  production  of  such 
finely  grown  and  flowered  specimens,  fully  2  feet 
through,  representing  specimens  such  as  one  seldom 
sees.  Mr.  Elphinstone  grows  on  young  plants  every 
year,  and  propagation  commences  as  soon  as  possible 
after  the  specimens  have  done  flowering.  The  plants 
are  dried  off  gradually,  and  some  powdered  charcoal 
is  laid  upon  the  surface.  Then  the  side  shoots  ait 
cut  half  through  with  a  sharp  knife  on  the  upper  side, 
so  that  the  half  divided  shoots  sink  down  without  be- 
coming severed  from  the  plant,  and  the  charcoal 
beneath  reduces  the  risk  of  decomposition.  Here 
they  remain  for  a  few  days,  when  the  plants  are 
placed  in  a  temperature  of  something  like  55°  to  60°, 


where  they  put  forth  roots  at  the  point  of  half 
severance,  then  they  are  taken  off,  potted,  and  plunged 
into  a  strong  bottom-heat.  They  are  then  potted  on 
as  necessary  and  grown  on  coldly  through  the  summer 
until  the  autumn,  when  they  have  a  more  generous 
treatment.  Growing  in  this  manner,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  Mr.  Elphinstone  exhibits  such  splendid 
plants  at  the  Manchester  Chrysanthemum  shows,  and 
it  is  not  with  the  ordinary  double  white  that 
Mr.  Elphinstone  is  so  succesful,  but  with  Mr.  Gilbert's 
fine  varieties,  such  as  Marchioness  of  Exeter,  White 
Lady,  and  Earl  of  Beaconsfield,  also  with  Miss  Eva 
Fish  and  Empress.  This  appears  to  be  a  new  depar- 
ture in  the  matter  of  propagating  double  Primulas  ;  it 
is  quite  certain  that  it  is  a  very  successful  one.  D. 


Jforcigit  Comspanlieiite. 

LISBOX    BOTANIC    GARDEN'. 

The  Botanic  Garden  is  a  recent  formation  in 
Lisbon.  It  is  situated  on  some  high  ground  in  the 
city,  sheltered,  but  not  close.  The  curator.  Mens. 
Jules  Daveau,  a  young  botanist,  with  no  mean  future 
before  him,  and  who  has  already  done  good  work  in 
his  pamphlet  on  the  Etiphorbiades  dn  Portit^al^  has 
fulfilled  his  duties  in  such  a  way  that  the  garden  in 
every  way  exemplifies  the  climate.  This  is  high 
praise,  for  Portugal,  in  addition  to  a  very  rich 
indigenous  flora,  is  naturally  adapted  for  the  growth 
of,  amongst  others,  nearly  all  the  Australian  trees  and 
shrubs,  and  a  goodly  number  of  Palms  and  Brazilian 
and  Mexican  plants.  Vegetation  from  Madeira,  the 
Canaries,  and  even  the  more  distant  Cape  of  Good 
Ho^c,  jeenis  only  transplanted  to  a  second  home. 
The  Palms  in  the  open  air  are  most  interesting.  The 
collection  is  a  good  one,  and  the  growth  of  the  young 
trees  extremely  vigorous  and  rapid.  In  an  avenue  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  garden,  the  Palms  in  which  are 
eight  years  iiura  seed  and  four  planted,  have  been 
matured  in  this  short  space  of  time  into  imposing 
proportions.  Being  composed  of  different  varieties,  a 
reliable  estimate  can  be  formed  of  those  best  adapted 
for  the  country.  In  this  regard  Washingtonia  {Prit- 
chardia,  Brahea)  filamentosa  undoubtedly  bears  away 
the  Palm.  To  quote  Mons,  Daveau's  words,  it  is 
"  k  roi  des  Pabnie*-s  ui  en  Portugal  par  la  force  dc  son 
VL-^tiaiion.''*  A  specimen  near  the  conservatory  is  the 
tallest  in  Portugal,  and  is  perfectly  proportioned. 
Others  that  may  be  set  down  as  successes  are  Cocos 
flexuosa,  Livistonia  chinensis  (the  Latania  Palm), 
Brahea  Roezlii,  Ilowea  (Kentia)  Forsteriana,  Phcenix 
reclinata  (20  feet  high),  Livistona  (Corypha)  austra- 
lis,  Rhopalostylis  (Areca)  Baueri  and  sapida.  The 
Cycads  likewise  flourish,  and  mention  can  be  made 
in  particular  of  Encephalartos  villosus. 

I  will  not  attempt  to  enumerate  more  than  a  few  of 
the  noteworthy  trees.  Lisbon  is  not  so  far  away,  and 
Cintr?  is  one  of  those  places  a  man  ought  to  see 
before  he  dies.  The  collection  of  the  genus  Ficus 
approaches  completeness,  and  includes  fine  speci- 
mens of  the  taller  growiag  species.  Some  of  the 
Sterculiads  nave  attained  to  considerable  heights. 
Chorisia  speciosa,  from  Brazil,  is  furnished  with  a 
trunk  10  to  12  inches  in  diameter,  and  is  most 
formidably  armed  with  spikes.  Brachychiton  popul- 
neum,  a  number  of  the  leaves  on  which  were  trilobed, 
and  acerifoliura  are  likewise  well  represented  :  the 
latter  variety  is  quite  a  sight  when  in  flower.  Of  the 
Leguminosae,  noticeable  were  the  prickly  Parkin- 
sonia  and  the  Ccesalpinias.  Other  trees  and  shrubs 
that  are  among  the  features  of  the  garden  are  Janipha 
manihot,  Jatropha  coccinea,  Fabricia  laevigata,  Aralia 
capitata,  Cassine  Maurocenia,  Eucalyptus,  gom- 
phocephala,  Rhopala  corcovadensis,  Stadmannia  afri- 
cana,  Dracxna  indivisa,  Musa  sapientum,  and 
Astrapcea  WalHchii.  Besides  the  above  there  is 
probably  the  finest  specimen  of  Casuarina  tenuissima 
in  Europe.  A  more  interesting,  and  at  the  same 
time  pretty  tree  it  would  be  hard  to  pitch  upon. 
Strelitzia  augusta  forms  a  dense  mass  of  striking 
foliage. 

The  borders  of  flowering  plants  were  well  filled 
and  carefully  arranged.  As  is  only  natural,  the 
Cistuses  were   in  great   number  :    I  noticed  particu- 


larly albidus,  lanigerus,  hirsutus,  and  salvifolius. 
There  was  also  a  full  collection  of  the  indigenous 
Irises.  Near  the  Irises  were  bulbs  of  Gladiolus 
segetum  and  Colvillei,  Muscari  comosum,  Babiana 
villosa,  and  Ixia  maculata,  all  being  in  flower  in  the 
beginning  of  April.  M.  Daveau  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  growing  Orchises.  In  flower  at  the  same 
lime  were  Orchis  fusca,  Serapia  cordigera,  occulata, 
and  lingua  ;  Aceras  anthropophsora,  and  Anacamptis 
pyramidalis.  A  striking  plant  allied  to  the 
Eschscholtzia  is  Hunnemannia  fumarit-efolia.  It  is 
a  native  of  Mexico,  and  produces  brilliant  yellow 
flowers.  This  was  in  flower  also,  together  with 
various  Echiums,  Aloe  albo  cincta,  and  Agathaea 
amelloides,  one  of  the  prettiest  blue  flowers  in  cultiva- 
tion. It  is  extraordinary  why  it  is  so  little  seen. 
The  flower  is  shaped  like  a  Marguerite,  but  the  ray- 
florets  are  a  pure  blue.  The  same  remark  applies  to 
Mesembryantbemum  tricolor,  the  eye  of  which  is 
purple  and  the  petals  white,  edged  with  carmine. 
It  is  an  exceedingly  beautiful  annual,  that  flowers 
very  freely  under  Mons.  Daveau 's  care,  as  also  does 
crystallinum.  To  end  this  list  of  outdoor  plants 
there  is  an  extraordinary  example  of  Scabrosa  cretica, 
5  feet  high,  and  thick  in  proportion. 

The  glass  accommodation  is  not  very  large.  The 
best  Orchids  were  Arpophyllum  giganteum,  Zygo- 
petalum  crinitum,  and  Ada  aurantiaca.  Among  the 
Ferns  prominent  were  Asplenium  nidus,  Lomaria 
splendens,  and  Platycerium  Willinckii.  Caryota 
urens  was  the  most  striking  of  the  Palms.  I  have 
written  a  very  imperfect  account,  but  ^I  hope  I 
have  said  enough  to  show  that  these  gardens  ought 
not  to  be  missed-  even  by  a  visitor  to  Lisbon,  who 
is  only  superficially  bitten  by  horticultural  taste. 
C.  A.  J/.  C. 


EDINBURGH    BOTANICAL  :  June  11. 

The  Society  met  in  the  class-room,  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  Professor  Dickson  in  the  chair. 

The  following  communications  were  read  : — 

I.  "On  the  Germination  of  Ruscus,  Myrsiphyllum, 
and  Asparagus."  By  Professor  Alexander  Dickson, 
M.D.     With  illustrative  specimens. 

Professor  Dickson  exhibited  seedling  plants  of  Ruscus, 
Myrsiphyllum,  and  Asparagus,  chiefly  in  illustration  of 
the  postscript  to  his  paper  on  R.  androgynus,  recently 
published  in  the  Society's  Transactiofis.  Since  that  date 
the  seedlings  of  R.  racemosus  had  each  produced  (as  was 
anticipated)  a  well-developed  foliage-leaf  of  somewhat 
similar  character  to  those  produced  in  R.  androgynus. 
In  neither  R.  aculeatus,  nor  Myrsiphyllum,  nor  Aspara- 
gus, was  there  any  trace  of  foliage-leaves. 

Professor  Dickson  also  exhibited  seedling  plants  of  the 
remarkable  South  African  plant.  Bowiea  volubilis,  where 
in  the  adult  condition  the  leaves  are  all  reduced  to  small 
scales,  and  the  leaf  function  is  performed  by  the  green 
tendril-like  branches.  In  the  seedling  condition,  how- 
ever, there  are  developed  true  foliage- leaves,  elongated, 
linear,  channelled  on  the  upper  surface,  and  semi-cylin- 
drical on  the  lower.  For  detection  of  this  case  Professor 
Dickson  said  botanists  were  indebted  to  Mr.  George 
,  Oliver,  one  of  the  foremen  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Garden. 

II.  "Note  on  the  Prairie  Grasses  of  Manitoba,  with 
exhibition  of  specimens."     By  Andrew  Taylor. 

III.  "  Report  on  the  Progress  of  Vegetation  at  the 
Royal  Botanic  Garden."     By  Robert  Lindsay,  Curator. 

The  month  of  May  was  unusually  cold  and  ungenial, 
much  rain  and  frost  occurred  during  the  first  three 
weeks,  which  retarded  vegetation  considerably  until 
the  last  week  of  the  month,  when  good  progress  was 
made,  a  change  of  tern  perature  having  taken  place. 
The  season  being  a  late  one  no  permanent  damage  has 
been  done  ;  the  only  plant  seriously  damaged  was  Diely- 
tra  spectabilis,  which  had  its  flowers  destroyed.  The 
thermometer  was  at  or  below  the  freezing  point  on  five 
occasions,  indicating  collectively  13*  of  frost  (this  is  the 
greatest  amount  of  frost  registered  in  May  since  1876, 
when  26°  occurred.  Last  year  no  frost  was  registered  in 
May.  The  lowest  readings  were,  on  the  6th,  29°;  7th, 
31'  ;  8th.  29°  ;  12th,  26'  ;  14th,  32°.  The  highest  morn- 
ing  readings  were,  on  the  26th,  59°  ;  27th.  58°  ;  29th, 
63°  I  30th,  57° ;  31st,  60°.  The  highest  day  temperature 
was  71',  on  the  28th, (and  the  lowest  45**,  on  the  3d.  The 
foliage  of  the  ordinary  forest  trees  are  wfell  developed, 
flower-buds  are  numerous,  but  late  in  expanding.  By 
May  31  we  generally  have  the  Horse  Chestnut,  Pavia 
flava,  LabuTnum,  Lilac,  Hawthorn,  and  varieties  of 
Sorbus  in  flower.  This  year  we  have  only  had  double 
Cherry,  Gean,  Apple,  and  varieties  of  Maple  in  bloom, 
but  they  have  been  very  well  flowered  ;  Magnolias  on 
walls  are  better  set  with  flower-buds  than  they  have  been 
for  several  years  back.  Narcissus,  Tulips,  and  hardy 
spring  bulbous  plants  generally  have  flowered  well,  the 
earlier  kinds  are  now  forming  seed  freely.  On  the  rock 
garden  139  species  of  hardy  plants  came  into  bloom  as 
against  228  for  the  same  month  last  year.     Only  forty- 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


25 


two  plants  are  of  the  same  species  as  those  recorded  for 
May  I'bi  year,  the  remainder  having  yet  to  bloom. 
Among  the  finest  which  flowered  were  : — 


Andromeda  fastigial 

la 

Knkianihus  himalaicus 

Androsacc  chamjcja 

sme 

Linaria  alpina 

,,     villosa 

„     origanifolia 

Azalea  procumbens 

Mertensia  sibirica 

Anemone  narcissiflo 

ra 

Myosotis  antarctica 

„     alpina 

Olearia  Gunniana 

Penstemon  Menziesi 

Alyssum  alpestre 

Phlox  amccna 

Corbusa  Matthioli 

Coronilla  minima 

Primula  Sieboldi ' 

Daphne  cneorum 

„     obconica 

Dianthus  gelidus 

„     sikkimensis 

Dodecatheon  integr 

ifolium 

Rhododendron  lepidotu 

Dracocephalum  grand  iflorum 

&c.,  &c. 

IV.  "  Report  on  Temperature,  Vegetation,  &c.,  in  the 
Garden  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Institution,  of  Glasgow, 
for  May,  1885." 

During  the  first  half  of  the  month  23*  of  frost  were 
registered,  the  lowest  readings  being  27"  during  the 
nights  of  tlie  4,th  and  6th  respectively.  The  day  tempera- 
tures during  the  early  part  of  the  month  was  also  corre- 
spondingly low, cold  east  and  north-east  winds  prevailed, 
and  with  an  occasional  shower  of  hail  and  sleet,  was  any- 
thing but  May-like.  The  weather  during  the  latter  half 
has  also  been  variable,  and  generally  cold,  the  h'ghest 
day  temperature  recorded  being  62°  (in  the  shade),  on  the 
28lh.  Owing  to  the  untoward  weather  vegetation  has 
been  considerably  retarded;  the  leaves  of  some  hardy  trees 
such  as  the  Horse  Chestnut  and  Bird  Cherry,  have  a 
blighted  look.  Late-leafing  trees,  as  well  as  hardy  her- 
baceous plants, are  slightly  in  advance  ol  last  year.  Late- 
sown  annuals  have  germinated  freely.  Deciduous  trees 
and  shrubs  of  all  kinds  are  blooming  freely,  and  there  is 
every  propect  of  a  good  fruit  season. 

V.  Miscellaneous  communications  :— 

1.  Dr.  Buchanan  White  sent  the  following  note  :  — 

"  I  wish  to  exhibit,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  James  Brebner, 
of  Dundee,  and  a  Fellow  of  the  Society,  the  accompany- 
ing specimens  of  a  plant  which  Mr.  Brebner  gathered 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Loch  Tummel,  Perthshire,  in 
July  last,  and  which  I  have  recently  identified  as 
Schoenus  ferrugineus.  C,  a  species  which  has  not 
hitherto  been  recorded  as  British. 

"  S.  lerrngineus  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  the 
allied  S.  nigricans  by  being  smaller  in  all  its  parts,  by 
the  shot  ler  and  more  erect  lower  bract,  fewer  spik<^Iets 
(usually  two  but  often  only  one),  and  glumes  smooth  or 
almost  smooth  on  the  back.  From  its  Eiiropc;in  distri- 
bution it  was  not  unlikely  to  occur  in  Britain,  and  will 
probably  occur  elsewhere  in  Scotland  if  looked  for." 

2.  Mr.  C.  C.  Babington  sent  the  following  note  to  Mr. 
Taylor  regarding  an  accidental  enor  in  the  last  fasciculus 
of  the  Transactions  : — 

"  Vio!a  stjsnini,  new  to  Britain  (p.  165.  line  14).— 
What  does  NIr.  Ev?.ns  mean?  It  was  given  by  me  as 
a  British  plant  in  \\\c  Afanual,  ed.  3,  p.  36,  A.D.  1851. 
I  gathered  it  in  Bottisham  Fen  in  1829,""  but  we  then 
confounded  it  with  V.  lactea  (Sm),  our  present  V. 
canina,  /3  lancifolia.  Henslow  published  it  under  the 
name  of  V.  lactea  in  his  Catah^ue  of  British  Plants, 
ed.  2,  1835.  '  as  a  native  of  Cambridgeshire.'  " 

Mr.  Dunn,  Dalkeith  Palace  Gardens,  exhibited  a 
branch  of  Eucalyptus  globulus  with  flower-buds,  from  a 
plant  in  the  open  air  at  Dalkeith  Gardens. 

Mr.  Lindsay  drew  attention  to  a  flower  of  Phyllocactus 
anguliger,  which  was  sent  to  the  meeting  from  the 
gardens  at  Trinity  Grove,  and  to  a  plant  of  Iris  ib-rica 
from  Mr.  Munro,  Abercorn  Nursery,  Piershill  ;  and  to 
various  interesting  plants  in  flower  from  the  Botanic 
Garden,  among  which  were  the  following  : — 


:  folic 


,,     hybrid  from  neglcctus 
Delphinium  Brunor " 
Polygonum  afline  ' 

Primula  prolifera 


Primula  Horlbunda 

,,     capitata 
Platyslemma  violoidcs 
Silene  quadridenlata 
MyoBOtis  alpcstris 
Saxifraga  odontopliylla 


TORQUAY    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  annual  Rose  show  of  this  Society  took  place  on 
Thursday,  June  25.  It  was  held  in  the  private  grounds 
of  Apsley  House,  which  were  admirably  adapted  for  the 
purproses  of  the  exhibition,  being  well  sheltered  from 
gales,  which  have  on  previous  occasions  caused  great 
anxiety  to  the  committee.  It  was  more  central,  and 
therefore  more  easy  of  access  than  the  site  chosen  on 
Torbay.  Rose  growers  in  the  neighbourhood  had  to 
put  up  with  showery  weather  for  a  day  or  two  previous, 
just  sufficient  to  damage  their  blooms,  and  of  course 
could  not  stand  very  strongly  against  the  Oxford  growers, 
who  had  been  favoured  with  the  best  of  weather  for 
Roses.  One  or  two  large  growers  backed  out  of  their 
engagement  As  it  was,  there  was  more  competition 
than  in  many  former  years  Prizes  for  plants  were 
greater  than  usual,  and  should  have  brought  many  out- 
siders, but  competition  was  entirely  confined  to  the 
neighbourhood.  Fruit  and  vegetables  were  good,  but 
not  very  numerously  contested. 

Roses. 
Cut  blooms  (open)  ;  twelve  new  Roses  of  1884  and 
1885,  one  truss  ol  each.— 1st,  Messrs.  Curtis.  Sandford 
&  Co.,  Devon  Roseries,  Torquay.  Their  box  contained 
Caroline  Sivales,  very  fine  Rose  ;  Madame  B.  Mackart, 
Joseph  Mitral,  Mdlle.  M.  Rodocanachi,  Mrs.  G.  Dickson, 
very  much  hke  Madame  G.  Luizel— a  fine  satiny  Rose  ; 
Alphonse  Superb,   Mdlle.   Julie  Gaulain,  Madame  Dele- 


^aux,  President  Sinclair,  Benoil  Comte,  dark  crimson; 
:  1  d  Madame  Rambaue.  2d,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son, 
Path — Marguerite  de  Romaine  being  the  best  in  this 
collection. 

Six  blooms  of  any  new  Rose  of  1884  — ist,  Messrs. 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co..  who  had  a  splendid  stand  ot 
Alphonse  Superb  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son. 

Twelvebloomsaf  any  one  variety. — iit,  Messrs.  Curtis. 
Sandford  &.  Co.,  with  Ulrich  Brunner.  a  very  fine  bold 
grown  flower  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son,  who  had 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  a  hybrid  Tea  in  very  good  con- 
dition ;  3d,  Mr.  Prince,  Oxford. 

Seventy-two  distinct  varieties  (one  truss  of  each). — ist, 
Messrs.  Curtjp,  San(iford  &  Co.,  who  staged  an  excellent 
lot  of  blooms  of  good  substance  and  varied  in  colour, 
their  principal  varieties  being  Magna  Charla,  a  variety 
shown  well  this  season  ;  Madame  Rougier,  Mrs.  Baker, 
MerveilledeLyon,  a  beautiful  light  Rose  ;  A.  K.  Williams, 
Prince  Arthur,  Catherine  Merniet,  Violet  Bowyer,  Abel 
Carri^re,  Devoniensis,  and  Helen  Paul;  2d, .Mr.  R.  W. 
Beachy,  Fluder  Nurseries,  Kingskennel,  near  Torquay  ; 
3d,  Messrs.  Cooling. 

Forty-eight  blooms,  distinct. — Messrs.  Curtis,  Sand- 
&  Co.,  who  had  specially  good  GtSn^ral  Jacqueminot, 
Constanline  Treliakoff,  Victor  Verdier,  Xavier  Olibo, 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Duchesse  dc  Vallombrosa.  Mons. 
Noman,  and  Madame  Lacharme  ;  aa,  Mr.  Beachy,  who 
is  coming  well  to  the  front  with  Roses,  staging  excellent 
blooms  in  all  classes  he  exhibits  in. 

Thirty-six  blooms,  distinct. — Here  Mr.  Piince  obtained 
ist,  having  nearly  all  Teas,  in  splendid  condition,  including 
Alba  rosea,  Madame  Lambard,  Mons.  Furtado,  Alphonse 
Superb,  Etoile  du  Lyon,  A.  K.  Williams,  Niphetos,  Lady 
M.  Fitzwilliam,  Comlessc  de  Nadiallac,  Catherine  Mer- 
niet, Amazone,  a  beautiful  sulphur-yellow  ;  Rubens, 
Adam,  Marie  van  Houlte,  Souvenir  d'EHse  Varden,  and 
Anna  Olivier  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Curtis.  Sandford  &  Cl.  who 
staged  principally  H  P.'s  in  good  form  ;  3d,  Mr.  Beachy. 

Thirty-four  varieties  (three  trusses  of  each). — Messrs. 
Curtis  &  Sandlord,  carried  off  the  ist  prize,  with  an 
excellent  lot  of  blooms. 

Twelve  Teas  and  Noisettes,  distinct  (one  truss  of  each), 
—ist,  Mr.  Prince;  2d,  Miss  Watson  Taylor  (gr.,  Mr.  F. 
Gardon)  ;  3d,  Messrs.  CooUng. 

Amateurs'  Classes. 

Forty-eight  varieties,  distinct  (one  truss  of  each). — ist, 
Mr.  Gardon  ;  2d,  Mr.  M.  Sparke. 

1  welve  varieties,  distinct  (three  trusses  of  each), — Is^ 
Mr.  Gardon  ;  2d,  N^r.  Leach,  gr.  to  J.  Drew,  E:q.,  Park 
Villa,  Kenton  ;  3d,  Mr.  M.  Sparke. 

Twenty-four  varieties  (one  truss  of  each). — ist,  Mr. 
Gardon  ;  2d,  Mr.  M.  Sparke  ;  3d,  Mr.  Cole,  gr.  to  W. 
B.  Fortescue,  Esq.,  Ocion,  Torquay. 

Twelve  varieties  (one  truss  of  each). — Good  competition, 
and  numerous  entries  in  this  class,  ist.  Captain  Christy, 
with  a  very  nice  lot  of  blooms  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gardon. 

Six  trebles,  dislmct.  — ist,  Mr.  Gardon  ;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Colville. 

Twelve  blooms,  one  variety. — ist,  Mr.  Gardon,  with 
a  fine  box  of  blooms  of  Marcchal  Niel  ;  ad,  Captain 
Christy. 

Six  Teas  and  Noisettes  and  sk  H. P.'s,  distinct.— ist, 
Mr.  Girdon  ;  2d,  Captain  Christy  ;  3d,  Mr.  M.  Spaike, 

Plants. 

Twelve  plants  stove  or  greenhouse. — ist,  Mr.  H. 
Velland,  gr.  to  Col.  Campbell,  Torquay;  he  had  a  fine 
specimen  of  Pimelea  Hendersoni.  Crassula  coccinea, 
Trachelospermum  jasminoides,  and  a  very  lar^e  speci- 
men of  Phormium  tenax  variegata.  2d,  Mr.  F.  Ferris, 
gr.  to  J.  Kimber,  Esq.;  3d,  Mr.  Coles. 

Six  stove  plants.— ist,  Mr.  H.  Damerel,  gr.  to  Lady 
Macgregor. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  pots,  not  exceeding 
8  inches  in  diameter,  —ist,  Mr.  Stoneman,  gr.  lo  Captain 
Fane  Tucker  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cole. 

A  special  prize  was  offered  for  fifteen  tuberous  Bego- 
nias, Mr.  Beachy  securing  ist,  with  a  well-grown  lot  of 
specimens,  all  ol  good  variety  ;  2d,  Mr.  Stoneman — 
equal  2d,  Mr.  Ferris — both  ol  whom  were  close  on  the 
heels  of  the  ist.  This  class  was  quite  a  great  feature 
of  the  exhibition,  the  double  and  single  blooms  being  of 
unusual  size  and  fine  colour. 

Fruit. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  Coles,  with 
good  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh. 

Six  Peaches. — ist,  II.  B.  Samuelson,  Esq.,  a  very 
fine  dish  of  Barrington  ;  2d,  Mr.  |.  R.  F'isher. 

Six  Nectarines. — ist,  H.  B.  Samuelson,  Esq. 

The  local  nurserymen  came  out  strong  with  collections 
of  plants  ;  these  were  supplemented  with  large  collec- 
tions from  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Son  and  Messrs.  Lucombe, 
Pince  &  Co.,  of  Exeter,  Messrs.  Phillips  &  Co.,  Messrs. 
Horn  &  Co.,  and  others. 


RICHMOND  HORTICULTURAL:  June  24. 

This  large  suburban  society  held  its  annual  summer 
show  so  early  as  Midsummer  Day,  and  was  singularly 
favoured  by  the  weather,  which  was  so  warm  that  the 
gayest  toilettes  could  be  worn,  and  the  fullest  enjoy- 
ment obtained  from  the  music  the  two  fine  bands  dis- 
coursed. Held  as  usual  in  the  Old  Deer  Park  (where  we 
note  with  regret  not  a  few  fine  Beech  trees  have  died  from 
want  of  moisture),  the  ample  space  at  the  disposal  of  the 
committee  enabled  that  body  to  erect  ample  tent  accom- 
modation, indeed  one  tent,  some  230  feet  by  60  feet,  was 
one  of  the  finest  we  have  seen,  and  could  but  regret  that 
its  enormous  area  was  so  indifferently  occupied.  The 
most  pleasing  features  in  this  huge  canvass  erection  were 
the  competitive  and  non-competitive  groups  of  plants, 
arranged  with  much  effect.    Of  these  the  trade  displayed, 


not  for  competition,  as  under  :— Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Son, 
Forest  Hill,  some  superb  Begonias  set  in  a  frame  of 
foliage  plants,  in  which  way  these  rich  hued  flowers  dis- 
played their  beauties  admirably.  Mr.  J.  Vander  Rees, 
Tooting,  had  a  most  interesting  group  ot  hardy  plants, 
Posonies,  Pyrethrums.  Gaillardias,  Liliums,  Spir^sas, 
Arums,  Funkias,  Campanulas,  Sec,  that  secured  much 
attention.  Messrs.  Jackson  &.  Son,  Kingston,  had  a 
charming  group  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  inclusive 
of  many  capital  Orchids,  and  prominent  were  plants  of 
the  pretty  pink  flowered  Pimelea  diosm^folia,  also  many 
well  flowered  Ericas,  &c.  Mr.  K.  Drosk.  of  Kew  Road 
Nursery,  staged  a  huge  centre  group  of  Palms,  inter-, 
spersed  with  Hydrangeas,  IJIium  lancifolium,  Iris,  Ac, 
that  was  more  heavy  than  handsome. 

The  open  decorative  groups  of  100  feet  area  were  a 
charming  feature,  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham, 
taking  ist  place  with  a  very  elegant  arrangement  ;  Messrs. 
Fromow  &  Sons,  Turnham  Green,  coming  2d  with  an- 
other very  pleasing  group,  though  rather  too  thin  at  the 
base;  Mr.  H.James,  Norwood,  who  was  too  strong  in 
white  Hydrangeas  and  Marguerites,  was  3d  ;  and  Mr. 
W.  Browning.  Richmond,  4th.  Other  small  groups 
formed  a  pretty  feature,  and  were  admirably  arranged, 
the  competitors  being  limited  to  gardeners. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants 
were  fairly  well  shown  by  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son  and 
Mr.  H.  James.  The  former  had  fine  specimens  of 
Pimeleas  mirabilis  and  diosm?efolia,  Clerodendron  Bal-.. 
fourianum,  Franciscea  calycina,  Ixora  WiUiamsi,  and 
several  good  Heaths,  &c.  Mr.  James"  collection  were 
fine  plants  of  Darwinia  Hookerii,  Ericas,  Stephanotis 
floribunda,  and  AUamanda  grandiflora.  These  same 
exhibitors  were  chief  in  the  class  for  six  Orchids,  Mr. 
James  taking  ist  place  with  literally  masses,  finely 
bloomed,  of  Cattleyas  Mossiie  and  Mendelii.  Epiden- 
drum  vitellinum  majus,  Cypripedium  barbatum  nigrum, 
Oncidium  macrantha,  and  L^lia  purpurala.  Messrs. 
Jackson  had  good  Odonloglossums  Alexandra?  and  vex- 
ilUrium.  Cattleyas,  Dendrobiums,  .^c.  Mr.  F.J.Hill, 
gr.  to  H.  Little,  Esq.,  Hillingdon,  had  the  3d  prize  lot, 
including  a  good  plant  of  the  beautiful  white  Dendro- 
bium  Dearei.  In  the  small  class  for  stove  and  green- 
house plants  Mr.  Bates,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Wetk,  Poulelt 
Lodge,  Twickenham,  had  capital  Bougainvjllea  glabra, 
AUamanda  Hendersoni,  Dipladenia  hybrida,  Sobralia 
macrantha,  and  other  good  plants,  taking  ist  pUce  with 
ease.  Ferns,  Palms,  and  ordinary  foliage  plants  were 
in  great  force,  forming  a  most  uninteresting  feature  at 
mobt  shows,  and  of  which  far  too  much  is  made.  Classes 
for  these  things  need  to  be  cut  down  vigorously. 

Pelargoniums,  on  the  other  hand,  lend  ever  welcome 
colour  to  any  summer  show,  and  in  this  case  were  well 
set  up  by  Mr.  Little,  who  had  six  superb  large  flowered 
kinds  in  Thebais,  Ruth  Little,  Formosa,  Duchesse  de 
Morny,  Comtesse  de  Choiseul,  &c.  Mr.  Wiggins,  gr. 
lo  W.  Clay,  Esq  ,  Kingston,  was  equally  strong  in 
fancies,  having  really  finely  flowered  plants  of  Princess 
Teck,  Roi  des  Fantaisies,  Q  leen  of  the  Hellenes,  and 
Eist  Lynne. 

A  special  prize  for  the  best  group  of  large -flowered 
Pelargoniums  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Wiggins,  his  fine  lot 
of  seedling  plants  including  not  a  few  really  capital 
kinds,  giving  him  an  easy  ist.  Mr.  Brown,  of  St.  Mary's 
Nursery,  Richmond,  came  2d,  with  a  neat  group  ol  small 
plants;  whilst  Mr.  Little's  larger  group  of  half  specimens 
fell  out  for  want  of  variety. 

Some  capital  zonal  Pelargoniums  were  also  shown  by 
Mr.  Sallows,  gr.  toj.  T.  Flack,  Esq.,  Twickenham,  who 
had  finely  bloomed  Madame  Boleit,  Madame  Thibaut, 
M.  Gelein  Loumagie,  and  other  good  doubles.  Mr. 
Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Colonel  Talbot,  Esher,  who  was 
2d,  had  finely  flowered  plants,  chiefly  of  single  kinds. 

Fuchsias,  usually  so  strong  a  feature  at  Richmond, 
were  quite  unrepresented. 

Begonias  were  fairly  good,  and  some  excellent 
Gloxinias  were  staged. 

Cut  Flowers 
always  form  an  important  feature,  but  the  open  class  for 
thirty-six  Roses  in  trebles,  which  usually  brings  good 
competition,  was  a  good  thing  for  Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons, 
Cheshunt.  as  also  was  the  class  (or  twenty-four  trebles, 
this  firm  being  the  only  exhibitors.  Good  examples  of 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Mdlle.  E.  Verdier,  Alfred  Colomb. 
Xavier  Olibo,  Lady  M.  Fitzwilliam.  Mons.  E.  V.  Teas. 
Henri  Ledechaux,  Francois  Michelon,  A.  K.  Williams, 
NL  Prosper  Langier,  and  Maurice  Bernardin  were  notice- 
able. 

Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons,  Hammersmith,  put  up  a  very 
fine  collection  of  cut  Roses,  chiefly  H.P.'s,  not  for  com- 
petition, that  elicited  much  attention. 

In  the  open  class  lor  twelve  Teas,  for  amateurs,  the 
best  lot  came  from  Mr.  Mitchell,  Gerpins,  Esher,  who 
had  good  blooms  of  standard  varieties.  The  same  exhi- 
bitor was  ist  in  the  class  for  twenty-four  single  blooms, 
any  kind. 

Mr.  Bates  had  the  best  box  of  stove  and  greenhouse 
cut  flowers,  capital  things,  but  too  closely  arranged  ;  and 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.  the  best  lot  of  cut  hardy  flowers, 
a  charming  collection  well  set  up,  consisting  of  Poppies, 
Preonies.  Pyrethrums,  Delphiniums,  and  many  other 
showy  things,  for  which  this  firm  has  a  wide  reputation. 
Mr.  Bowell,  gr.  to  Lady  Parker,  Richmond,  had  very 
fine  Paeonies  m  his  collection. 

Table  Decorations 
were  generally  excellent,  though  in  the  arrangements  of 
a  dinner-table  for  ten  persons  some  effects  of  a  very 
dowdy  kind  were  produced  by  local  lady  amateurs,  that 
were  the  reverse  of  pleasing.  The  best  arrangement, 
which  included  three  simple  dressed  centre-stands  with 
pretty  decorated  finger-glasses,  and  six  moderately  filled 
dishes  of  fruit,  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Butcher,  of  Nor- 


26 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  4,  18 


wood,  tbe  whole  calling  for  the  highest  approval.  Mr. 
J.  R.  Chard,  Clapham  Common,  was  2d  with  stands 
somewhat  squat,  but  still  prettily  dressed,  light  dishes  of 
fruit,  rather  too  carefully  heaped,  and  white  Nymphseas 
simply  placed  in  finger-glasses.  Mr.  Chard  was  1st 
with  three  table-stands,  elegantly  dressed,  although  the 
prettiest  effect  no  doubt  was  obtained  by  Miss  Hassell, 
Gravesend,  whose  decorative  efforts  were  admirable,  but 
somewhat  marred  by  rather  heavy  stands.  Mr.  Chard 
had  the  most  solid  bouquet,  and  Mr.  Butcher  one  that 
erred  in  being  rather  too  loose,  still  much  better  than  the 
general  run  of  show  bouquets. 

Fruit. 

Mr.  J.  Munro.  gr.  to  E.  D.  Paul,  Esq.,  Cambridge 
House,  had  the  best  collection  of  six  dishes  of  fruit,  Mr. 
Bales  coming  next  with  also  capital  samples,  and  was 
ist  in  the  class  for  black  Grapes,  with  good  Aljcantes. 
White  Grapes  generally  were  not  ripe. 

Mr.  Waite  had  the  best  collection  of  twelve  vegetables, 
a  really  first-class  lot  ;  Mr.  J.  Coombs,  of  Sheen  House, 
came  2d.  Mr.  Filsell,  Cambridge  Park,  won  Messrs. 
Sutton's  special  prize  for  a  brace  of  Cucumber?,  with 
handsome  Royal  Windsor. 


TWICKENHAM    HORTICULTURAL  : 
June  30. 

Held  in  the  admirable  grounds  attached  to  the  Metro- 
politan Police  Orphanage,  in  pleasant  weather,  the 
annual  summer  exhibition  of  this  popular  suburban 
society  not  only  showed  marked  advance  on  preceding 
ones,  but  was  very  liberally  patronised.  Amongst  strik- 
ing features  were  seen  a  beautiful  group  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  from  Messre.  Jackson  &  Son,  Kingston. 
A  fresh  and  lovely  group  of  pot  Roses,  backed  by 
japmese  Maples,  and  faced  by  good  plants  of  Eurya 
lalifolia  variegata  from  Messrs.  Veitch  li  Sons.  A  good 
group  of  decorative  plants  from  Mr.  R.  Laing,  of  Twick- 
enham, and  a  gay  display  of  Pelargoniums  from  Mr. 
Wiggins,  gr.  to  W.  Clay,  Esq.,  Kingston,  to  some  tew  of 
which  Certificates  ol  Merit  were  awarded. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  of  Twickenham,  were  placed 
ist  for  a  beautiful  decorative  group  of  plants  in  the  open 
class,  one  thoroughly  characteristic  of  Mr.  Bruckshaws 
skill  in  arrangement  ;  Mr.  H.  James,  of  Norwood, 
coming  2d  with  one  in  which  Orchids  largely  predomi- 
nated, but  it  wanted  finish, 

The  best  collection  of  flowering  plants  came  from 
Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son,  who  had  a  fine  Clerodendron 
Balfourianum  and  Pimelea  diosmasfolia  ;  Mr.  James 
was  2d  with  large,  but  not  well  furnished  plants  ;  and 
Mr.  Parsons,  gr.  to  T. Twining,  Esq.,  Twickenham,  had 
in  the  3d  prize  lot  a  first-rate  Eucharis  amazonica,  and  a 
capital  piece  of  Oncidium  flexuosum. 

Foliage  plants  were  about  as  usual,  fair  of  their  kind, 
but  dull  and  uninteresting.  Mr,  J.  Follows.gr.  to  J.  J. 
Flack.  Esq.,  Twickenham,  had  six  first-rate  Begonias  in 
Snowflake,  Lothair.  Mrs.  Duke,  Marquis  of  Bute,  Stella, 
&c.  ;  the  same  exhibitor  had  the  best  pair  of  Achinienes, 
huge  masses  from  20  to  30  inches  through,  and  full  of 
bloom.  Mr.  Monro,  gr.  to  E.  D.  Paul,  Esq.,  Cambridge 
Park,  Twickenham,  coming  ;  2d  also  with  finely-flowered 
masses.  Mr.  Parsons  had  the  best  Gloxinias,  full  of 
bloom  and  luxuriant  foliage  ;  and  Mr.  Sallows  the  second 
best  lot.  also  excellent. 

Cut  flowers  were  shown  in  great  abundance,  Messrs. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  and  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons.  Hammer- 
smith, sending  large  collections  of  superb  Roses,  that 
were  greatly  admired,  keeping  fresh  to  the  last.  Mr, 
Laing  also  had  a  good  lot  of  flowers.  Messrs.  Hooper 
.&  Co.  sent  a  singularly  pleasing  collection  of  Irises  in 
many  hues  and  markings,  and  was  exceedingly  beautiful. 
Mr.  W.  Poupart  staged  a  big  group  of  market  flowers^ 
Paeonies,  Roses,  Carnations,  Pinks,  white  and  scarlet 
Sweet  Peas,  blue  Corn-flowers,  Ranunculuses,  &c.,  in 
great  variety.  The  best  twenty-four  cut  Roses  in  com- 
petition came  from  Mr.  Warwick,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Kitching, 
Esq.,  Hampton,  and  Mr.  Moorman,  Coombe  Bank, 
Kingston,  was  2d,  both  lots  of  blooms  being  excellent. 
In  the  competition  for  twelve  blooms  positions  were 
reversed,  and  Mr.  Moorman  took  ist  place.  The  class 
for  cut  blooms  of  Gloxinias  was  exceedingly  attractive  ; 
and  Mr.  Warwick,  who  from  the  first  seems  to  have 
taken  the  lead,  was  again  placed  ist  with  some  lovely 
flowers.  Dinner-table  stands  were  in  great  force,  and 
some  amateur  arrangements  displayed  unusual  excel- 
lence ;  Mrs.  Allfrey,  Mrs.  Tindall.  and  Mrs.  Gardiner, 
all  showing  stands  that  merited  high  approval. 

The  best  collection  of  six  dishes  of  fruit  came  from 
Mr.  Munro,  who  had  good  black  Grapes,  Gros  Mig- 
nonne  Peaches,  Elruge  Nectarines,  &c.  ;  Mr.  G. 
Trussler,  gr.  to  A.  Cooper,  Esq.,  coming  2d.  having 
some  fine  Duke  of  Euccleuch  and  Frankenthal  Grapes, 
&c.  Mr.  Waite.  gr.  to  Colonel  Talbot,  Esher,  had  the 
best  collection  of  ten  kinds  of  vegetables.  A  first-class  lot 
of  Hackwood  Park  was  the  best  Tomato  in  a  good  class, 
and  Royal  Windsor  and  Tender  and  True  the  best 
'  Cucumbers.  Mr.  Poupart  also  staged  a  grand  collection 
of  vegetables  and  hardy  fruits. 


HARPENDEN. 


A  Wild  Flower  Show.— The  practice  is  now  very 
general  at  country  floricultural  exhibitions  of  oftering 
^prizes  for  collections  of  wild  flowers  shown  by  children. 
The  competitors,  however,  rarely  seem  to  understand 
that  more  is  expected  than  the  mere  jumbling  together 
of  as  many  diflerent  sorts  as  possible.  It  does  not  occur 
to  them  that  pleasing  and  tasteful  arrangement  is  to  have 
any  influence  on  the  awards.  This  error  is  entirely 
obviated  by  the  capital  tuition  of  Mr.  John  Henshaw, 


the  energetic  master  of  the  British  Schools,  Harpenden, 
who  on  TImrsday  and  Friday  of  last  week  held  his  sixth 
annual  show  of  wild  flowers  and  grasses. 
,  To  stir  up  in  the  rising  generation,  who  are  likely  to 
spend  most  of  their  days  in  the  country,  a  pleasure  in 
botanical  pursuits  will  doubtless  be  attended  with  many 
beneficial  results,  and  Mr.  Henshaw  tries  to  cultivate  in 
the  young  lads  committed  to  his  charge  a  love  for  the 
beautiful,  taste  in  arrangement,  and  an  interest  in  the 
flora  of  the  neighbourhood. 

The  exhibits  were  arranged  in  rows  of  bottles  of 
various  sizes,  and  labelled  with  the  botanical  order  to 
which  the  plants  belonged,  also  the  scientific  and 
common  English  names. 

The  wild  flowers  were  backed  up  with  some  excellently 
grown  exotic  Fetns  from  the  conservatories  of  Mr.  H.  T. 
Hodgson  (gr.,  Mr.  C.  Sibley),  and  some  elegant  foliage 
plants  from  the  greenhouses  of  Mr.  C.  R.  Fenwick, 
High  Firs  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Underwood)  ;  these'were  very 
attractive,  and  imparted  a  Iropical-like  aspect  to  the 
show. 

Owing  to  the  limited  space  at  command,  the  com- 
petitors were  necessarily  confined  to  boys  of  the  upper 
classes,  and  were  divided  into  three  sections  :— Class  A., 
showing  fifty  different  species  ;  Class  B.,  showing  thirty 
different  species  ;  and  Class  C,  showing  twenty  different 
species.  Besides  the  ordinary  exhibits,  a  special  feature 
was  a  prize  of  £\  offered  by  Mr.  G.  Danford,  Ayres' 
End,  Harpenden,  for  twenty  of  the  rarest  wild  flowers 
found  wirhin  a  radius  of  5  miles  of  those  schools. 
This  prize  was  taken  by  Frederic  Deller  with 
the  following  plants : — Campanula  glomerata  (clus- 
tered Bell-flower).  Spircea  filipendula  (Dropwort), 
Cotyledon  umbilicus  (Pennywort),  Ophioglossum 
vulgatum  (Adder's-tongue  Fern),  Lychnis  diurna  (Red 
Campion},  Atropa  belladonna  (Deadly  Nightshade), 
Anthylhs  vulneria  (Lady's  Fingers),  Lychnis  flos-cuculi 
(Ragged  Robin),  Epipactis  grandiflora  (large  Epipaclis), 
Hebenaria  bifoli.i  (Butterfly  Orchis),  Helleborus  viridus 
{green  Hellebore).  Ophry's  apifera  (Bee  Orchis)  Ophrys 
mucifera  (Fly  Orchis).  Habenaria  viridis  (Frog  Orchis), 
Salvia  verbenacea  (wild  Sage),  Vicia  sepium  var.  alba 
(white  flowered  bush  Vetch),  Geranium  phoeum  (Dusky 
Crane's  Sill),  Adonis  autumnalis  (Pheasant's  Eye}, 
Calamintha  officinalis  (Calamint),  and  Conium  maculatum 
(Hemlock).  The  books  given  for  this  prize  were  Mar- 
garet Plues'  series,  comprising  Rtiifib/es  in  Search  of  Wild 
Flowers,  Briiuh  Ferns,  and  British  Grasses,  For  fifty 
specimens,  the  ist  prize,  two  books,  entitled  WildFioivers, 
with  176  coloured  plates,  by  Anne  Pratt,  was  awarded 
to  Frederic  Archer  Willis  ;  the  2d  prize.  Flowers  of  the 
Field,  by  the  Rev.  C.  A.  John,  being  taken  by  Frederic 
Deller.  the  winner  of  the  prize  for  the  twenty  rarest. 
The  i5t  prize  in  division  B,,  a  book  entitled  Rambles  in 
Search  of  Wild  Flowers,  by  Margaret  Plues,  was  won 
by  George  Underwood,  High  Firs  ;  the  2d  prize,  Wild 
Flowers  Worth  A^oticin^,  by  Mrs.  Lankesler,  was  taken 
by  Edwin  (iuess.  New  Farm  ;  and  the  3d  prize, 
Botany  for  Beginners,  by  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters,  was 
awarded  to  Sidney  Longland.  In  division  C,  for 
twenty,  speciiTiens  the  first  prize.  Fhnoers  of  the  Field, 
was  taken  by  Walter  Shore,  Bowling  Alley  ;  the  2d 
prize.  Botany  for  Beginners,  being  won  by  Samuel  Skill- 
man,  Redbourn;  the  3d  prize.  Rambles  in  Woodland, 
was  obtamed  by  James  Fishbourne  ;  the  4th  prize.  Lane 
and  Field,  h&wg  secured  by  William  Pearcc — the  col- 
lections of  J.  Aldridge  and  Charles  Harris,  all  of  Har- 
penden, being  highly  commended. 

A  great  acquisition  was  made  to  the  show,  as  in  former 
years,  by  several  magnificent  collections  of  hardy  her- 
baceous and  alpine  cut  flowers,  to  which  was  appro- 
priated the  class-room  of  the  school.  These  exhibits  in- 
cluded a  very  commendable  selection  from  the  nurseries 
of  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  of  Tottenham.  There  were  further 
collections  from  gardens  in  the  neighbourhood.  The 
walls  of  tlie  schools  were  adorned  with  an  exceptionally 
good  collection  of  mounted  botanical  specimens  of 
British  wild  flowers,  the  workmanship  of  Mr.  William 
Deller,  an  assistant  teacher  in  the  schools. 


KANDY  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  EXHI- 
BITION. 

The  first  show  of  this  Society  was  opened  in  Kandy 
on  May  27  by  His  Excellency  the  Hon.  Sir  Arthur 
Hamilton  Gordon.  His  Excellency  was  received  at  the 
entrance  at  3  p.m.  by  Dr.  Trimen  (the  secretary),  and 
several  members  of  committee.  The  entrance  was 
through  the  Buddhist  temple  grounds,  and  passing  the 
band-stand  on  the  left,  descended  into  the  building  over 
a  neat  artistic  Japanese  design  of  a  Bamboo  bridje. 
The  building  was  after  the  form  of  a  Maltese  cross, 
designed  by  Mr.  Spooner,  P.W.D.,  and  erected  by 
prison  labour  under  charge  of  Mr.  Wood,  who  was 
specially  thanked  by  His  Excellency.  Dr.  Trimen  con- 
ducted His  Excellency  over  the  exhibition,  and  he 
appeared  to  take  an  interest  in  everything  as  he  passed 
along.  The  building  was  entirely  Oriential  in  structure, 
not  a  nail  being  used.  The  roof  and  tables  were  buUt  of 
Bambusa  vulgaris,  B.  arundinacea,  and  DendrocLilamus 
giganteus,  supplied  from  Peradenija  gardens,  and  tied 
down  by  Cocoa-nut  yarn,  the  roof  covered  over  with 
"  Cadjus,"  plaited  leaves  of  the  Cocoa-nut  Palm.  Cocos 
nucifera.  The  interior  was  most  tastefully  decorated  by 
the  Sinhalese  headmen  with  fruit  and  flowers  of  the 
different     Palms,    Plantains,     Pine-apples,    Stag's-hom 

Garden  Perennials 
were  not  extensively  shown.  Roses  poor.  Some  good 
Begonias  and  Pelargoniums.  Mr.  Owen's  Gloxinias  were 
fine  and  would  have  done  credit  to  an  English  show.  A 
fine  stnnd  of  bronze-leaved  Pelargoniums  from  Cannell 
&  Sons'  stock  were  much  admired. 


Garden  .Annuals. 
Balsams,    Petunias,   Phlox,   Zinnias,   and  Asters  were 
exhibited. 

Ferns 
were  extensively  shown,  and  in  some  of  the  collections, 
especially  Mr.  Pate's  and  Mr.  Jouklas',  were  fine  speci- 
mens of  really  good  varieties. 

FoLL\GE  Plants. 
Crotons  were  a  nice  lot,  well-grown  and  highly- 
coloured,  by  Mrs.  Pearce.  Dracsenas  were  good,  sent 
by  one  of  our  most  persevering  horticulturists.  Mr.  W. 
H.  Wright.  Colombo.  Several  exhibits  of  CaUdiums, 
Marantas.  and  Coleus  were  staged,  and  the  honours 
going  to  the  Hon.  J.  F.  Dickson  and  Mr.  A.  Whyte. 

Vegetables. 

Two  good  collections,  grown  from  Messrs.  Carter's, 
R.  B.  Laird  &  Son's,  and  J.  Dickson  &  Son's  seeds.  Dis- 
appointed at  the  small  number  of  competitors  in  this 
class,  when  our  climate  is  so  suitable  for  their  cultivation. 
Tomalos  were  good,  The  Trophv  taking  the  lead  fol- 
lowed by  Excelsior  and  President  Garfield,  the  latter 
very  large. 

Fruit. 

Small  collection  ;  still  the  Peaches  and  Plums  sent  by 
Mr.  Cotton  were  very  fine,  and  much  admired. 

Native  Products. 
Paddy,  Oryza  sativa.  the  most  important  in  this  class, 
was  very  extensively  shown,  and  some  lots  contained  as 
many  as  fitty  varieties.  Mr.  Ingleton  was  still  to  the 
front  with  good  Tobacco  and  excellent  cigars  ;  Tree 
Cotton  (Bombax  nialabaricum),  in  good  samples— an 
industry  lately  developed  by  the  natives  ;  fibres,  ropes, 
and  seeds  fairly  represented. 

Estate  Products. 

The  island  of  Ceylon  may  well  give  this  class  the  prior 
claim  ;  for  every  one,  from  the  Governor  to  the  Tamil 
coohe.  depends  upon  our  planting  enterprise.  Collec- 
tion of  estate  products  poor  competition,  and  not  as  I 
expected.  Commercial  Teas,  numerous  entries,  but 
owing  to  some  misunderstanding  most  of  the  exhibitors 
had  wrongly  classified  their  Teas.  A  son  of  the  soil, 
Mr.  |.  H.  Barber,  carried  ofl"  the  Gold  Medal  with  Tea 
grown  and  manufactured  at  2000  feet  elevation  ;  he  also 
secured  a  Bronze  Medal  for  fancy  Tea.  The  fancy  Tea 
first  award,  also  low  grown,  went  to  Mr.  Maitland, 
Rakwane.  For  Coffee  in  parchment  and  cured  the  award 
went  to  the  Laird  o"  Logie  estate,  4500  feet  above  sea 
level.  Liberian  Coffee  was  also  well  shown.  Cocoa 
was  keenly  contested,  and  several  splendid  samples 
tabled,  the  Gold  and  Silver  Medals  going  to  Dumbura 
Valley,  near  Kandy,  Pallakelle,  and  Rajawelle  estates, 
well  known  marks  in  the  London  market.  Car- 
damoms a  fine  display.  Cinchona,  one  of  the  most 
important  exhibits  in  the  exhibition,  brought  forth  some 
very  fine  collections  and  beautiful  samples  of  bark.  The 
Gold  Medal,  "  Kirklees  Estate  ;  "  Silver  Medal,  Mr.  Q. 
M.  Christie,  St.  Andrews.  Cinnamon,  a  splendid 
exhibit  from  "  Ekelle  Estate."  Other  small  products 
well  shown. 

A  nice  collection  of  plants,  containing  several  new 
and  rare,  were  forwarded  by  Mr.  Nock  from  Hakgala. 
Considering  that  they  travelled  10  miles  by  road  and 
80  miles  by  rail,  arrived  in  perfect  condition,  reflecting 
great  credit  on  his  foreman  for  careful  packing. 

This  proved  one  of  the  most  successful  exhibitions  ever 
held  in  Ceylon,  leaving  the  finances  in  a  very  healthy 
condition.  The  committee  have  every  reason  to  feel  proud 
of  their  labours.  J.  A.,  June  j^. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHBATH,  LONDON ^ 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  July  i,  1885. 


Hyerome- 

trical    De- 
from 

TEMPE!!ATUHE  op 

Wind. 

Glaisher's 

> 

Tables  6th 

Q 

Edition, 

Q 

S 

1 

"  1° 

5 

% 

1 

1^ 

8 

1 
\ 

a 

1 

i 

June 

In. 

Tn 

In. 

23 

-.9.84 

+0  02 

57.346.0 

...5 

51.2 

-  99 

49.0 

93{ 

E.N.E-:„  „ 
N.  NW.,°  " 

36 

3004 

+a32 

63.25o.5j".7 

34  0 

—  7-246.3 

73 

W.NVV.  0  00 

S7 

3'"9 

H-0.27 

71.344.826.7 

5S  7 

-  s-646.0 

70 

E.       0.00 

:8 

29.88 

+0.06[72.l'47.5j74.6 

37-2 

7" 

E.      00] 

=9 

29.78 

-0.04  690  52.3  i6,7'57.5 

-  3b'49-7 

76 

E.       0.00 

30 

2983 

+00270.5  31.519,039.0 

-    2.2 

43.9 

37J 

E.  N.'e  °°° 

29.97 

+0.i6  6S.55i.a'i7.3S7.7 

—  3  3 

46.6 

67] 

N.  ti.E.  °°° 









— 

Mean 

29.93 

+0.1067.349-118.4560 

-  5-2 

4^ 

73 

E. 

0.2 

-Fine,  dull 
-Very  fine  day  3 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


27 


June  28.— Very  fine  day  and  night. 

—  29. — Dull  morning,  fine  bright  afternoon. 

—  30. — Very   fine  morning,   occasionally  cloudy  in  after- 


July 


-Fine,  dull  day,  gleams  el  sunshii 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  June  27,  tlie  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.56  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.16  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  the  22d,  decreased  to  29. S5  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  24th,  increased  to  30.23  inches  by  i  p.m.  on 
the  26th,  decreased  to  30.20  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the 
same  day,  increased  to  30  33  inches  by  9  A.M.  on 
the  27lh,  and  was  30.24  inches  by  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.09  inches,  being  0.18 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  o.  10  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  85°,  on  the  24ih  ;  on  the 
25th  the  highest  was  57°.S.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  69°. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  4i''.2,  on  the  2Ist  ; 
on  the  24th  the  lowest  temperature  was  55°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  48°.  5. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
31°,  on  the  24th  J  the  smallest,  on  the  25th,  was  II°.5. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  20''.  5. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  2 1st,  52^.3  ; 
on  the  22d,  56°;  on  the  23d,  59'. 3  ;  on  the  24ih, 
69^.5  ;  on  the  25th,  5i°.2;  on  the  26th,  54°;  on 
the  27th,  55°.7  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  (excepting  the  24th,  which  was  S'.6  above) 
by  7°.S,  4^.4  i\4,  9°.9,  7"'.2,  and  5^.6  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  56°.  9, 
being  I°.8  higher  than  last  week,  and  4°  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  143°,  on  the  24th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  ii6°.8. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  37^.2,  on  the  27th,  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  44^ 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  the  25th,  to  the  amount  of 
o,  12  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing June  27,  the  highest  at  Cambridge  was  86".  3,  at 
Blackheath  86',  at  Brighton  75°.5  ;  the  highest  at 
Bradford  was  6i'.9,  at  Leeds  and  Preston  65°.  The 
general  mean  was  69°. 8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  38°,  at  Wolver- 
hampton and  .Sheffield,  39°  at  Hull  ;  the  lowest  at 
Brighton  was  47°. 3,  at  Truro  47°,  at  Liverpool 
45°. 4.     The  general  mean  was  42°.3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  46°.  7,  at  Cambridge, 
44°.8  at  Blackheath,  30°. 4  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the 
smallest  ranges  were  I9^7,  at  Liverpool,  20^  at 
Preston,  20°.  2  at  Plymouth.  The  general  mean  was 
27°.  5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  69°,  at  Cambridge  68°. S,  at 
Brighton  67° ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bradford,  59°. 3,  at 
Bolton  59°.6,  at  Preston  and  Newcastle  60°.  The 
general  mean  was  62°.  7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth  and  Brighton,  5I°.7,  at  Truro 
5I°.3;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  4S°.5,  at  New- 
castle 46°,  at  Sheffield  and  Hull  47°.  The  general 
mean  was  48°. 6. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Blackheath, 
20°. 5,  at  Cambridge  19°. 2,  Brighton  15°.  3,  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  10°.  5,  at  Plymouth  10°.  7,  at 
Preston  II°.9.     The  general  mean  was  14°. I. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton, 
57°.6,  at  Cambridge  57°.4,  at  Blackheath  56°.9  j  and 
was  lowest  at  Bolton,  50°.7,  at  Bradford  5i°.5, 
at  Wolverhampton  and  Preston  52°.  2.  The  general 
mean  was  54°. 2. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  1.83  inch  at  Bolton, 
1,32  inch  at  Truro  and  Hull  ;  the  smallest  falls  were 
0.06  inch  at  Brighton,  0.12  inch  at  Blackheath, 
0.14  inch  at  Cambridge.  The  general  mean  was 
0.90  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing June  27,  the  highest  temperature  was  74°.  2,  at 
Paisley ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
66°.  5.     The  general  mean  was  70°.  5. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  38°,  at 


Glasgow  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  43°.  8. 
The  general  mean  was  41°.  5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
55°.2  ;  and  lowest  at  Greenock,  53°. I.  The  general 
mean  was  53°.9. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  o.  1 7  inch,  at  Edinburgh, 
0.04  inch  at  Perth.  The  general  mean  fall  was  o.io 
inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  June  29,  18S5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  wcalhcr  was  dull  and  rainy 
in  most  parts  of  the  kingdom  during  the  first  day  or 
two  of  the  period,  but  subsequently  became  dry  and 
very  fine  in  the  western  and  noith-western  districts, 
and  dry,  though  generally  cloudy  or  overcast  at  the 
southern  and  south-eastern  stations.  Severe  thunder- 
storms were  experienced  over  France,  and  on  the 
28th  thunder  was  heard  at  Jersey  also. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
distiicts,  the  deticit  varying  from  1°  in  "  England, 
S.,"  to  4'  in  the  "  Midland  Counties,"  "  England, 
N.W.,"  and  to  5°  in  "England,  N.E.,"  and  "Ire- 
land, N."  The  maxima,  which  were  recorded  on  the 
24th  in  the  south-east  of  England  and  on  the  2Sth 
elsewhere,  ranged  from  82°  in  "England,  S.,"  and 
Si°  in  "  England,  E.,"  to  6S'  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  and 
the  "Channel  Islands."  The  minima,  which  were 
registered  either  on  the  25lh,  26th,  or  27th,  were  very 
low  for  the  season.  In  "Ireland,  N.,"  the  thermo- 
meter fell  to  32°,  and  in  most  other  distiicts  to  between 
35°  and  39°,  but  in  "  England,  S.,"42°  was  the  lowest 
reading,  and  in  the  "  Channel  Islands  "  52°. 

Bright  suns/iiuc' shows  a  striking  decrease  at  Jersey, 
but  a  decided  increase  in  most  other  localities.  The 
percentages  of  the  possible  duration  varied  from  56 
in  "  Ireland,  S.,"  to  24  in  "  England,  N.E.,"  and  to 
12  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  a  little  more  than  the  mean 
in  "England,  N.E.,"  the  "Midland  Counties,"  and 
"  England,  N.W.,"  and  about  equal  to  it  in  "  Scot- 
land, N.,"  and  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  but  less  else- 
where. 

Depressions  observed. — As  the  period  commenced 
a  rather  extensive  low-pressure  system  was  shown  far 
to  the  northward  of  our  islands,  while  oQ'  the  east 
coast  of  England,  and  also  over  the  St.  George's 
Channel,  subsidiary  depressions  were  observed,  the 
barometer  being  highest  over  France.  A  gradual 
change  in  the  distribution,  however,  now  took  place, 
the  highest  readings  being  transferred  to  our  western 
and  north-western  coasts,  while  over  the  Bay  of 
Biscay  and  France  depressions  appeared.  The  wind, 
which  was  at  first  south-westerly  or  westerly,  conse- 
quently shifted  to  the  northward  or  north-eastward, 
and  in  many  parts  of  eastern  England  and  over  the 
Channel  blew  freshly  and  strongly. 


inquiries. 

"  He  that  questionetiL  much  shall  kam  much,'' — Bacon. 

Anemone  fclgens  duple.v. — Will  you  allow  me  to 
ask  through  your  columns  if  there  is  a  variety  of  Anemone 
fulgens  duplex  worth  growing?  If  so,  it  seems  scarce  ; 
at  any  rate,  the  variety  usually  grown  as  doublti  .Anemone 
fulgens  is,  to  my  mind,  totally  worthless.   Graiver, 

Perennials,  Herbaceous  Plants  :  R,  will  be 
glad  if  any  one  will  give  him  the  names  of  the  best  and 
rarest.     Address,  Catton  Grove,  Norwich. ) 


Caterpillar  ;  A.  D.  From  cates,  food  ;  and  piller, 
plunderer,  old  English. 

Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  as  a  Salad 
Plant  :  J,  C,  We  never  heard  of  its  being  used  as 
a  salad. 

Colour  of  Fruit  Tree  Walls  :  T,  T,  Neither 
white  nor  lead-colour,  but  dull  red,  with  a  roughened 
surface,  is  found  to  be  best.  Black  is  also  conducive 
to  wood  and  fruit  ripening,  but  is  an  ugly  tint  for  a 
wall,  but  might  be  tolerated  on  a  wooden  fence. 
Colour  the  wall  when  the  trees  have  lost  their 
fohage. 


Cucumber  Disease:  J,  W,  We  are  sorry  we  cannot 
help  you  to  a  cure.  It  is  best  to  clear  out  and  start 
afresh.  In  what  state  are  the  roots  t—J.  E.  C,  See 
our  reply  to  "  J.  W." 

Cyclamen  Starting  Badly.  &c.  ;  R.  The  tubers, 
having  bloomed  once,  required  a  longer  period  of  rest 
than  you  have  given  them.  The  plant  is,  as  you 
know,  a  hardy  one,  and  although  it  bears  with  im- 
punity high  temperature  for  an  alpine  plant  in  the 
stages  previous  to  its  first  crop  of  bloom,  yet.  having 
once  flowered,  it  ought  to  have  been  rested  under 
cool  moist  conditions  till  the  end  of  August,  at  the 
earliest,  but  September  would  be  better.  By  applying' 
greater  heat  now  you  will  not  cure  the  evils  attendant 
on  your  faulty  practice.  Young  stock  in  a  growing 
condition  would  do  you  more  service  in  November. 
Pelargoniums :  disbud  for  the  last  time  six  weeks 
before  you  want  them  to  bloom.  Eucharis  amazonica, 
if  ol  flowering  age,  ought  to  have  expanded  blooms  in 
a  month,  but  longer  time  is  required  in  the  dull 
months. 

Dale's  Hybrid  and  Aberdeen  Turnips  :  A.  D,  It 
would  be  better  to  apply  to  an  agricultural  authority. 

Dictionary  of  Plants  and  their  Cultivation, 
&c.  :  T,  C.  Trmtsbridge,  "X^i^  Illustrated  Diction-try 
of  Gardening,  now  being  issued  by  L.  Upcott  Gill, 
170,  Strand,  London,  W.C.  ■ 

Digitalis  :  G,  S.  The  cup-like  flower  at  the  end  of^ 
the  raceme  is  the  result  of  the  fusion  of  several  flowers 
into  one.     It  has  been  often  figured  in  our  columns. 

Diseased  Pear  Leaves  ;  J,  R.  The  appearances  in 
question  are  due  to  the  attacks  of  a  mite,  Phytoptus 
Pyri.  We  fear  there  is  nothing  to  be  done  but  to 
destroy  the  affected  leaves  as  far  as  you  can. 

Ei  LCTRic  Lighting,  Dr.  Siemens'  E.xperiments  : 
Subscriber,  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  iS8i,  vol. 
xw.,  pp.  404,  407,  436,  and  1882,  vol.  xvii.,  pp.  772, 
835.  The  correspondence  has  not  been  published 
separately, 

Embothrium  coccineum  :  F.  G,  Eliot.  Try  some 
Devon  nurseryman. 

Euonymus  Weak  and  Doing  Badly  :  C,  Marvin. 
You  can  slightly  prune  back  the  tips  of  the  shoots 
now,  and  apply  some  weak  manure-water.  It  is  pos- 
sibly growing  in  a  shady  place,  and  thus  the  wood 
does  not  get  well  ripened,  which  will  partly  account 
for  the  weak  wood  made.  In  early  spring  cut  the 
shoots  hard  back,  and  when  it  has  sprouted  again  a 
little,  transplant  it  carefully  into  well-manured  loamy 
soil,  and  cut  back  or  pinch,  while  tender,  the  young 
shoots  made  during  May  and  June.  You  will  then 
get  a  bushy  healthy  plant  instead  of  your  straggly 
weak  one  that  is  laid  by  every  shower. 

Fungus  :  J.  J,  W,  The  Stinkhorn  Fungus  (Phallus 
impudicusj.  It  might  be  killed  by  a  solution  of  carbolic 
acid.  Try,  and  let  us  know  the  result.  In  any  case 
the  nuisance  will  soon  be  over. 

Grapes,  &c.  :  Salopian.  The  Vine  roots  must  be  in  a 
very  poor  condition,  the  leaves  sent  being  thin  and 
small,  and,  moreover,  burnt  in  places  by  sun-heat. 
If  the  border  is  as  bad  as  you  state,  all  your  ills 
spring  from  that  cause.     The  Potato  is  slug  eaten. 

Names  of  Plants  :  H,  W,  H..  Wilton,  Phate- 
nopsis  amabilis.  —  C,  W,  Lychnis  chalcedonica.  — 
A.  O.  Walker.  Euonymus  latifolius,  and  Cytisus 
candicans. —  W.  Scott.  Leptospermum  scoparium. — 
1 1 '.  f/opiins.  Your  flowers  were  too  withered  to  be 
recognisable.  They  are  varieties  of  the  larger  flowered 
Spanish  Iris.  —A,  A.  C,  Escallonia  PhiUppiana 
(figured  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  27,  1878,  p, 
log).— Notts,  I,  Vicia  cracca  ;  2,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anum  ;  3,  Ajuga  reptans  ;  4,  Listera  ovata  ;  5,  Po- 
tentilla  Tormentilla.— .4.  5.  Abelia  triflora.— A  E. 
I.  Lilium  Thunbergianum  ;  2.  Lilium  Martagon,— 
7,  R,  Hasmerocallis  flava.— jV.  H.  W.  Next  week. 
—J.  B,  I,  Pinus  austriaca  ;  2,  P.  Cembra  ;  3,  P. 
Strobus  ;  4,  perhaps  P.  austriaca,  But  these  are  open 
to  doubt  ;  we  cannot  be  sure  of  the  species  from  the 
inspection  of  small  sprays,  and  a  named  pinetum  does 
not  exist  in  Wellington  Stieet.  — fK  R.  W.  i.  Orchis 
palusuis  ;  3,  Serapias  lingua  ;  4,  Chrysanthemum 
coronaiium  ;  5,  Achillea  ageratum  ;  6,  Helichrysum 
sp.  —  Camjee.  Dendrobium  secundum,  —  Red-wood, 
Muscari  monstrosum. 

Notice  to  Quit  Employment  :  A.  P.  If  the  gar- 
dener employed  has  been  engaged  as  a  yearly  servant, 
at  so  much  salary  per  annum,  unless  he  has  miscon- 
ducted himself,  a  month's  notice  can  be  demanded,  or 
its  equivalent  in  money.  We  do  not  suppose  that 
taking  the  wage  weekly  would  set  that  aside. 

Orchis  i.atifolia  :  C,  W.  Strickland,  The  bloom- 
spike  was  of  a  rich  colour,  and  very  densely  flowered 
throughout. 

Pansy  Blooms,  Fancy  and  Self  :  F.  Roemer, 
Smaller  than  they  had  been  earlier  in  the  season,  but 
still  of  considerable  size  and  substance  ;  the  niarkings 
of  the  fancy  varieties  being  very  good  and  distinct. 

Roses  from  Eyes  :  H.  W.  W,  Thanks  for  commu- 
nication.    Plant  will  be  figured  later. 

Rubus,  &c.  :  A,  D.  W.  All  the  plants  you  mention 
are  shrubs,  not  herbs.  AcROCLADON— airoc,  the 
point  :  klados,  branch  (Greek). 

Weigelas  and  Aquilegia  Hybrids  :  J.  W.  None 
of  the  seedling  Weigelias  seem  to  be  improvements  on 
existing  forms.  The  Aquilegia  is  a  pretty  flower,  the 
habit  more  erect  than  usual. 


28 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  4,  18 


CATALOGUE   RECEIVED. 
W.    AND  ].   Birkenhead,  Sale,   Manchester  — North 
American  Ferns. 


Weeds,  How  to  Destroy  them.— Use 

SMITH'S  Celebrated  WEED   KILLER,  the 
cheapest  and  most  effectual  preparation  ever    invented 


preparatit 
.,.uui...w,u  prices  add.  „o 
ufacluring  Chemist,  Loulh,  Lincolnshir 


—  BSsle,  — p.  B.— J.  D.— Otto  Forr '     "  — "     >' — ^^ 

I,. 


DIED  —Recently,  Mr.  MuiR.  gardener  to  the  Eart  of 
Hopetoun,  Hopetoun  House,  Linlithgow.  Mr.  Muir 
was  a  good  gardener  and  a  worthy  man,  and  kept  the 
gardens  in  tirst-rate  order  since  he  came  there  about 
three  years  ago. 


CO  VENT   GARDEN,    July    2. 

Supplies  still  continue  heavy,  and,  with  a  glut  of 
Strawberries  now  reaching  us,  prices  all  round  are  much 
affected.  Trade  better.  Jam(S  H'Mer,  WholrsaU 
Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholes.^le  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d.  I  J-  d.   !.  d. 

Cherries,  H-sieve    ..  4  o-io  o     Melons,  each  ..26-40 

Figs,  per  dozen  . .  30-50  Peaches,  per  doz.  .  z  0-10  o 
(Joosebcrries.J^-sievc  20-23:  Pine-apples,  Eng.,lb  30-40 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..10-40—  St.  Michael,  each  26-80 
Lemons,  per  case    ..15  0-35  o  i  Strawberries,  per  lb.  03-09 


GREAT     SUCCESS. 

TEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this   Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
directions,  .md  applied  with  an  ordinary  walerinK-can, 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds.  Mobs.  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price    3(-  td   per  Onlton.  including  drum  ;  40  gallon  Casks, 
14  lOJ.     C:*rriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO-   (Limited), 

^,.  Cannon   Street.   London.   E.C. 


—Average  Re 


,  Prices. 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

Asparagus,    English, 
per  bundle 
—  French,     bundle 
Beans,  iing..  per  100 
Beet,  per  dozen 
Cabbages,  per  dozen 
Carrots,  per  bunch. . 
Cauliflowers,       Eng- 
lish, spring.perdoz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Cucumbers,  each     .. 
Endive,  per  dozen  .. 
Garlic,  per  lb. 
Herbs,  per  bunch 


Horse  Radish,  bun.  ^ 
Lettuces.   Cab.,  doz.   1 

—  Engll.'^hCos,  doz.  1 
Mint,  green,  bunch.,  c 
Mushrooms,  basket.,  i 
Onions,  per  bushel..  ( 

—  Spring,  per  bun.  ( 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .  ( 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  dozen  : 
Rhubarb,  bundle  . .  < 
Small   saladin^',    per 

punnet       ..  ..   < 

Spinach,  per  bushel 
Tomatos,  per  lb.     .. 


Tun 


ips. 


PoTATOS.— English,  new,  £8  to^ig;    Magnums,  old  .^410^5 
per  ton. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  1  s.d.s.n. 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-24  o     Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18  o 
Arbor-vitse  (golden).  |  Foliage  Plants,  van- 

per  dozen  ..  -.6  0-18  o         ous.  each  ..  ..2  o-io  o 

—  (common),   dozen  6  0-12  o     Fuchsias,  per  dozen  6  o-iz  o 
Ar>.m  1  \\\f<  \\rxjfn..   fi  0-12  o  !  Hydrangeas,  dozen.. 12  0-18  o 
o     Lilium  auratum,  per 
o  j      dozen  ..  .-30  o~40  o 

o  —  longifoHum,  doz.  1 8  0-36  o 
o  I  Marguerite  Dai^y, 
o  j  per  dozen  . .  . .  8  0-15  o 
I  Musk,  per  dozen  ..  30-40 
o  I  Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  o 
o  i  Palms    .  in     variety. 


per 


^,._. js,  dL_.. 

—  Cavendishii,  doz.i 

Euonym.  ,in  var.  ,doz. 
Evergreens,  in  var., 

Ficus  clastica,  each.. 


)-3o  . 


Pelargonii 


per 


BEESON'S 

MANURE 

Is  the  best  for  all  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Sold  111  Tina  at  Is  .  2s.  6d..  and  10a  6d  each  ;  also  In 
Sealed  Alr-tlght  Bags,  containing  lowt,  13s. 

The  lOl  W  Tins  seri'S  as  a  stmig  iiibitanlial  rtceftaclc  to 
rrfill  from  the  i  cwt.  i-igs. 
Supplies  can  be  obtained  through  all  respectable  Nurseryinen, 
Seedsmen  and  Florists  ia  the  Kingdom  ;  or.  in  d'Stricis  where 
„o  Ag«ts  ^eside-Carnage  Paid  lor  Cash  with  O.der-duect 
from  the  manufacturer,  rr^    i  j 

W.H.Beeson,Carbrool<  Bone  Mills,  Sheffield. 

Testimonials  from  the  Rev.    Canon  Hole,  and  most  o(  the 

leading  Gardeners,  free  on  appliiation.  ,      ,,.       T>     J... 

Put? Crushed  Unboiled  BONES,  any  size,  for  Vine  Borders, 

'^'  CORKY,  SOPER.  FOWLER  &  CO^  (Limited). 

NORWECIANFISH-POTASH 

GUANOS. 

Composed  of  Pure  Flesh  and  Bone  of  Cod  and 
Herrint;  and  Refined  Potash. 

A  Perfect  Fertiliser  for  Garden  and  Greenhouse, 

Lawns  and  Tennis  Courts,  Vegetables, 

Flowers,  E.xotics  and  Fruit  Trees. 

Price<.  carriage  f  did,  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order: 

28  lb.  6a.  6d.;  66  lb.,  10s.  6d.;  VA  cwt,  203  ;  2  twt., 

30b  ;  6  cwt ,  603.    Bags  free. 

Urger  Quanlities  at  Special  Prices,  for  which,  and  for 
Analysis,  &c.,  apply  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 

lo,  ST.  HELEN'S  PLACE,  LONDON,  E.C. 
Manufactory— 

BRETTESN/F.S.  LOFFOTEN  ISLANDS.  NORWAY. 


GLOUCESTER  WAGON  COMPANY 

(Limited),    GLOUCESTER. 

Makers  at  Ihctr  Jonury    IVorls  of 

MODERN    CATTLE    SHELTERS. 
GREENHOUSES. 
CONSERVATORIES. 
GARDEN    SEATS. 

HUNT  AND  SACKE, 
2?,  Parliament  Street,  London,  S.W. 

ALFRED  SL.i^TEK,  General  Manager,  Glcucesttr. 

EXTRA  STOUT  STRONG  TANNED  NET, 
2  yards  wice,  x\id.  p.ryard  ;  4  V^'ds  wide,  -^d.  per  ya.d  : 
or,va.dswideicj.prr,oo:  4  yards  wide,  sor  per  .00  yards. 
NEW  TWINE  NETTING.  1  yaid  wide.  id.  per  yard  ;  2 
yards  wide,  Ad.  per  yard  ;  4  yaids  wide,  id.  per  yaid  ;  12  yards 
wide,  ir  per  yard.  COITON  NET,  nme  meshes  10  !quaie 
inch.  iJ4  ya'd  wide.  7</.  per  yard  run. 

W.  CULLINGFORP,    Forest  Gate.  S.E. 


6  0-18  o  I    —  sea 
j  Rhoda 
6  0-24  o  I  SpiriEa 
16-70I 


Cut  FLOwaRS. — Average  Wh 


■..d. 


Lapageria,  white, 

blooms       . . 
—  red,  r2  blooms 
Lilium     longifloru 

,2  blooms  . . 
Lilium  candidum. 


Myos  tis, 
Pelargonn 


Picotees.  la 
Pinks,  var. 


bun. 


:  bun 


ible,bu 
Rhodanihe,  12    bun.  6  o-  1 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  1  o- 

—  coloured,     dozen  2  o- 

—  per  doz.  bunches  2  o-  1 

—  Moss,  i2V.un.  ..20- 
Spirsa,  12  bunches..  6  o- 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  2  6- 
Swcct  Sultan,  per  12 

bunches     ..  ..40- 

Tropaolum,  12  bun.  i  o- 


TOHN  SHAW  AND  CO.,  31,  Oxford  Street, 
f)  Manchester,  Manufacturers  of  TIFFANY  and  NET- 
TING  of  every  Description.  Circular  and  Prices  on  apphcalion. 

TANNED     GARDEN    NETTING. 

,  yard    wide  ..     Hd.  per  yard  I  3  ya'ds  wide  ..   iV.d.  per  yard. 

2  yards  wide  .  .    ij^d.  per  yard  |  4  yards  wide  ..  ^d.      per  yard. 

500  yards  aud   upwaids  delivered  free  to  any  part. 


QBEENHOXJSE    SHADINGS. 

SCRIM,     TIFFANY     and     COTTON      NETTING. 
A  set  of  samples,  with  puces,  post-free. 

RU3"=IA    MATS,    RAFFIA,    TOBACCO   PAPER,   PEAT, 

SILVER  SAND.  CoCOA  FIBRE  REFUSE, 

GARDEN    TOOLS,  &c..   at  the  lowest  possible  puces. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application 

JAMES    T.    ANDERSON, 

149   Commercial  Street,  Shoredltch.  London.  E. 


GARDEN 
S 


NETTING. 


SANDS 

to  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Watianled  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hall,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds,  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Pott. 

Address^rX"SAWDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 


NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 
Seed  Beds,  Bipe  Strawberries,  &c. 

TANNED    NETTING   for    Protecting    the 
above  fiom  Frost,  Blisht,    Birds.  &c.,   2  yards  wide   ,d. 
yards,    15s.  ;  4  yards  wide,  id.  per  yaid,  or 

DELLER,  6  and  7,  Crooked  Lane,  London 


SEEDS. 

London  :  July  i. — Complete  inactivity  continues  to 
mark  the  trade  for  farm  seeds  ;  values  consequently 
remain  unchanged  all  round.  Higher  prices  are  asked 
for  French  Trilolium,  which  English  buyers  do  not  care 
to  give.  Mustard  and  Rape  seed  move  off  slowly  on 
former  terms.  Rather  more  money  is  asked  lor  Canary 
seed.  Hemp  seed  continues  abundant,  and  very  moderate 
rates  are  demanded.  Occasional  orders  for  Tares  still 
come  to  hand.  Feeding  Linseed  is  firm.  John  Shaw  6* 
Sons,  Seid  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 

POTATOS. 

The  Borough  and  Spitalfields  Markets  reports  state 
that  supplies  o(  new  Potatos  are  shorter  and  prices 
hardening.  English  will  come  on  the  market  towards 
the  end  of  the  week.  The  supply  at  market  was  chiefly 
of  Cheibourg  rounds,  31  £(1  to  £6  los.,  and  |ersey  kid- 
neys at  £()  to  ;^lo  per  ton. — The  imports  into  London 
last  week  comprised  3638  boxes  360  cases  from  Cher- 
bourg, 192  baskets  St.  Nazaire,  2212  packages  Jersey 
and  Guernsey,  and  480  cases  from  Barfleur. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

_  Two  Pkize  Medai-S. 

Quality.  THE  BE5T  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  iuduJed  ) 

?tAT,  best  bro.n  Sbrous    ..   4'-  «^-  P='  "ck  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   3J.  6./.  „  5  sacks  lor  15.. 

FEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid    5 J.  6./.  ,, 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous..     "1 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (,  ^^j^.  (sacks  inc'uded). 

LEAFMOULD.bestonly  ..     I       ^ 

PFAT  MOULD /      ,      V  >,  ir. 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  tJ,  3./.  per  bush.,  iis.half  ton,  22i.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  tnly,.         ..         ..     ";?=■•"'■,.      „ 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8A  lb.,  sS  lb.  iBr. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         IStecialiie)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  hush.,  6j.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  Iby  thubb's  special  process), 
saiks,  ij.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  131.  ;  !o  sacks,  171.  ; 
30  sacks,  25r  ;  40  sacks,  301.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality.  Eran"lated,  in 
sacks  only.  2'.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  wilh  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 
r^  ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

VT  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  F.y.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  a*  winter  dressine  for  Vines 
and  (Jrchard-house  Tites  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.     Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  10 


Made  of  prepared  Hair  and  Wool,  ^ /v. 
perfect  non-conductor  of  heat  °''  Z,^/ 
cold,  keeping  a  fixed  tempera-  /A^ 
ture  where  it  is  applied.  /  ^y 

'  I  have  just  laid  out  about  14.000    /j\J 
plants,  and  keep  the  greater  part   /^t? 


under  your    '  Frigi    D< 
have  done  so  for  the  last  three 
years,    and     every    one    wl 
sees  my  plants  is  astonished 
to  see   how  healthy  and 
well  they  are  without 
the  use  of  glass." 

_  Frotti  a  —       /,Q 
GARDENER,      /J^ 
October  32,      //.QV  / 
1856.         /JJ 


Bo.x 


.  bd. 


GISHURStInE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  IJ ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholes.le  frJm  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London.  

niOBACCb  CLOTTl^dPAPER,  finest  and 

-L      most   etTecttve,   14  lb.  for  gr.  ;    28  lb.,    i8f.  :    cwt.  705. 
Special  quotations  lor  ihe  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road.  Clapton.  E. 

Must  be  Sold. -A  Bargain. 

FLOWER  STANDS.— Five  handsome  3-lier, 
suitable  for  a  Conservatory  or  Hall.     Fitted  with  silvered 
glass  panels  to  back,  and  zinc  lining.     Samole  one  to  be  seen  at 
Mr.  BARRFHT'S.  58,  Praed  Street.  Paddington,  W. 
Cost  ;(;i5o.     Made  by  Owen,  Bond  Street. 


To  be  had    I 

^/       2  yards,  i 

/S//    3  yards  and 

4  yards  wide, 

of  all   Nursery-  | 

men  and  Florists, 

from    the    Sole 

Proprietor  and  Maker, 

.     /  BENJAMIN  EDGINGTONI 

//y/  2,  DUKE  STREET, 

Sr/  LONDON    BRIDGE,    S  E.    j 

/  ^^/        AaU  for  "  Frlgl  Domo,"  and  see 
0-    V    tHat  It  Is   stamped   '■Frtgl  Domo," 

Keglatered  Trade  Mark.  I 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  above  Labels  are  made  of  a  White  Metal,  with 


ThK  Gardeners'  Magazine  z:>ys:—"'^^  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit.'' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 


JL!LV   4,    1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


29 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  abo  e  s  zes  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  ah  ays  l^ept  in  stock 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glaises,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from    . 

GEORQE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smltlifield,  London, 'E  C 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Ouote  CkronuU. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espaliers,  &c. 

MATERIAL  for  WIRING  GARDEN  WALLS. 


GALVANISED. 


EYES.  7</.  per  dcz.        HOLDFASTS,  with    J 
Winders,  ^s.  per  dozen.  WIRE.  2J.  p 

C  A  r  A  LOG  U  E  free.     Pleme  „«ine 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA     WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON. 
And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Stre^,  London,  E.C. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON 

(Limited), 

Smithfield   Ironworks,   Leeds, 

And  Surrey  Works.  Elackfrlars  Eoad,  London,  S.E. 

Hnnici.lniral  EngiDeers  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queei-, 
CALL      SPECIAL      ATTENTION       TO      THEIR 

PATENT 

WROUGHT  -  IRON     TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS, 

And  others  with  SHELVES. and  Hol'ow  or  Ordinary  Cast-iron 
GKATE  BARS  ; 

SABDLE    BOILEBS. 

With    WATERWAY    BACKS,  and   WELDED   BOILERS, 
which  are  Specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhouses,  Conser- 
vatories, Lhurchei.  Chapels,  Schools,  Public  Buildings.  Entrance 
Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c. 
Tliey  are  t/u  neatett,  cluapest,  most  ej^ective,  and  Jurab'e 

o/atty  extant. 
The  Tubi;;ar   ones  are  remarkable   for  their  greit   heating 
power,  slow  combustion,  and  the  length  of  lime  the  fire  will 
turn  without  requiring  attention.     This  pattern 

Had  the  First  and  Highest  Prize,  a  Silver  Medal, 

Awirdcdt.^itai  the  H oyal Hfyrticultural Society' s  E.xhibilLn, 
South  h'en.in^tou,  London,  onjune  3   1881. 


Jllji 


teLASSHOUSES8c«EAtlNG>| 


urnal  of  Hotlkulture  of  June  g  says  : — 
"  H Hating  Atpakatus  — A  great  number  of  boilers,  valves, 
&c  ,  were  txhibiied  by  ei^ht  competitors,  and  considerable  in- 
terest wis  manifesieJ  in  the  verdict  of  the  judges,  and  much 
discussion  was  brougbt  to  bear  on  the  merits  and  shortcomings 
ff  the  diflerent  buners.  'Ihe  apparatus  for  which  the  Silver 
Medal  was  awarded  was  a  wrought-iron  saddle  boiler,  with  a 
series  of  intersecting  tubes,  somewhat  in  the  form  of  a  letter  X, 
but  the  tubes  in  ogee  form,  in  the  crown  of  the  boiler.  Most 
gardeners  who  examined  the  boiler  expressed  a  favourable 
(.pinion  of  il.  It  is  no  doubt  a  quick  and  powerful  boiler  with- 
out being  complex,  the  latter  condition  having,  no  doubt,  had 
weight  with  the  judges." 

The  Garden  of  June  ii  says  : — 
"The  premier  prize,  a  Silver  Medal,  was  taken  by  Messrs. 
Green  &  Son  for  their  new  patent  tubular  saddle  boiler.  It  is  a 
modification  of  their  original  patent,  the  boiler  being  longer  and 
not  so  high.  It  is  found  to  be  a  powerful  and  efficient  boiler,  and 
heat?  a  large  quantity  of  water  quickly  with  a  small  consumption 
of  fuel."' 

Dcicriptive  Illustrated  Piice  List  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Estimates  given  for  all  kinds  of  Heating  Apparatus,  and  Hot- 

wa'er  Fittings  of  every  variety  supplied  on  the  shortest  notice. 

Galvanised  Tron  Cisterns,  from  ^d.  to  is.  6d.  per  gallon. 


C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


ml 


Tenants' Fixture,  lobySlt., 

lis- 

For  Brickwork.  .£13  71. 


:   of  SIX    HANOI  IGHTS 
Dshing  stzes,   painted   3 


and  (registered)  Set  opes    as     hjwn    ^bove,  4  feet  by  4  fc< 
extra     12  feet  by  4  feet    15^   exlra      Cases,  5J 

Carnage  paid  to  any  Railway  'station  in  England  and  Wales, 
als:.  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  post-free,  two  penny  stamps. 

DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBKOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD.  MANCHESTER. 

Plans   and    Estimates   on   application   for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildines  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Framti   and  Sa%kes   in   Stock. 


BOULTOH  &  PAUL,  NORWICH. 

SMALL,,    HANDY,    LEAN-TO    FBAMES. 


TWO-LIGHl  tRAMtS,  6  f«t  by  4  feet.  p..luted  thrl 
coats,  and  pisz-d  with  21-cz.  English  glass.  Caring 
paid,  price     £2  2S. 

If  wiih    hinges,    jet-noes,     and    prop,     as    shown,    prii 
£2  103   6d.     i-acking  33  ,  all.iwed  loluU  i(  returned. 


THREE-LIGHT  FRAMF,  large!  s 


lade,  9  feet  by  4  feet, 


No.  75.-Melon  and  Cucumber  Frame. 


KI  UUUl  D  CASH  I  RILES   Carriage  Pa  t" 

S  ze  I  e  g  1  W  U  1  P  ice      Pack  r  g  Cas 

No    a  8  feet  6  f  et  ;£i     5     o  ^     bd 

No    3  iz  feet  6  feet  4  12     6  .;,   c /■ 

No.  4      ..    iDieet      ..      o  leei      ..        000..      5J.  OfT. 

Depth    in  Iront    13  inches,   back    74  inches,    lights  1  ir.ch 

thick,  strengthened  with  iron  rod.     One  handle  to  each  ligli 

Lights  only,  6  feet  by  4  feet,  uoglazed  and  unpainted.  6f.  eac 

Glazed  with  21-oz.  sheet  glass  and  painted  4  coats,  i6i.  each. 

The  Frames  carriage  paid  to  any   Railway  Station  in  En 

land  and   Wales :    also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,   Dublin  ai 

Belfast.  

Ptke  Llit  fcst-free.     Illustrated  Catalogue:  12  stamft. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHaL    ROW,     LONDON,    EO 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  »  II  g  ve  est  u  ales  for 
every  dtscription  of  HORl  ICULl  UR -VL  WORK  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

ijt,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

R.     H  O  L  L I  D  AY,' 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE   WORKER, 

GARDEN  IMPLEMENT  MAKER. 

SWING      WATER      BARROWS. 


GARDEN    ENGINES    and    ROLLERS. 
GARDEN    PLANT    TRUCE    and    WHEELBARROW. 


For  GARDEN  and  CONSERVATORY  WIRE  WORK, 

see  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

R.      HO  LLI  DA  Y, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE  WORKER, 
The  Pheasantry.  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


Cucumber  Frames 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
.     draw    special    attention   to   their   Cucumber    Frames. 
of  which  they  always  hive    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  mateiials,  and  can  be  put 
together  ann  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       l  s.  d. 
a  light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  I    p^^^;         (       3  ■=    ° 
■""    ^;:^!!    rCasesfre.        ,\    I    ° 


3-light  frai    _.  __  ^ 

6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feel  ) 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied   ir 

brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  pric 

R.  HALLIDAY  andCO.,  Hoihoi 

Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middlet  

Notice  to  Orchid  Growers,  &c. 

TEAK-W(10D,  for  Orchid   Baskets  ;   Teak- 
wood  TUBS  for  Plants;  Bamboo  CANES,  for  Slaking. 
P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer,  Dutton  Street.  Liverpool. 


Lights  and  framing  for 

I  Builders  and  Engineers 
I.  Manch.ster. 


30 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(July  4,  iS 


THE  GARDENER^  CHROKICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Ltnt  charged  as  tivo 

4  Lines. ../[o 

5  „     ...    o 


15  Lines. ..£0  8 
..09 
..09 
..    o   10 


5    6  16 

6  ,,...040  17 

7  ...046  18 

8  ,,...050  19  „  ..•  o  1° 

9  ..056  20  „  ...on 

10  ,    ...   o    6    o  I      21  „  ..  o  II    '' 

11  '    ...066  ,     22  „  ...  o  12    o 

12  ,,...070  23  „  ...  o  12    6 

13  ,,...076  I     24  „  ...  o  13    o 

14  „    ...    o    S    o  I     25  „  ...  o  13    6 

AND   SIXPENCE    FOR   EVERY   ADDITIONAL   LINK. 

11  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  3M. 

Page  i-9     °    ° 

Half  Page 500 

ColuniD        3     5     o 

GAEDENERS.  and  OTHEKS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  I  J.  6rf.,  and  6rf    for  every  additional  line 

(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE    ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST    BE    PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  -  Advertisers  are  caulioned 
aeainst  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Pest-unices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  oJ,ened  by  the  authorities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  51.  each  insertion. 
Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 
by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months.  11  3B,  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6s. 

Foreign   (excepting    India    and    China)  ;    including    Postage, 

£1  6S    for  12  Months ;    India  and  Lhina,  4.1  83.  za. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C..  to  W.  Richards. 

Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


ELEVEN  SILVER 


MEDALS. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  ROYAL  Potter V, 
Westonsuper.mare.  Manufactmer  ol  TERRA- 
COTTA VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS, 
BORDER  TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  I  10  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  Irost,  ^n  J /''"O™.  xi  c 
green-  ORCHID  FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS, 
RHUBARB  and  SEAKALE  POTS,  &c. 

~       .  LIST  post-free.     Book  of  Designs,  1;.  til. 


TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  id.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  who  esale  puces. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tymg. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street 
London,  E.C.  ^ 

DOULTON   &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,    LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,    PEDESTALS,    FOUNTAINS, 

GAKDEN    EDGINGS,    &c., 


IMPERISHABLE 


COTTA. 


Samples  and  Petce  Lists  Free. 

Children's  1/5  I  Hemstitched. 

CAIVIBRIG  Genir    iiys    GenSv.6/9 

,'/fcV  P  P*'  dozen.     I      per  dozen. 

'^        t"  -X.    By  Appoint-  All  Pure  Flax, 

fc-*^^    ments  to  the  "  The  Cambrics 

;en     and  Dnpl/CT  "'    Robinson    & 

»n  Prin-  PUuKt  I    Cleaver   have  a 

;  of  Ger-  woild-widefame.' 

jy  Queen. 

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H  HOWELL,  Foreman  at  Easthampstead 
.  Paik,  Wokingham.  Berks,  has  been  APPOINTED 
HEAD  GARDENER  to  Miss  Ellis,  Waltham  Place,  near 
Maidenhead,  Berks. 

GERMANY— A  Firm  of  Seed  Growers  in 
Erfurt  is  open  to  ENGAGE  a  young  ENGLISHMAN 
desirous  of  Learning  Seed  Culture  in  Germany.  Small  salary 
given  Knowledge    of    German    not    necessary.  -  Messrs. 

C.  SERGEL  and  CO..  17.  Philpot  Lane,  E.C. . 

Nursery  Manager.  .     •   , 

WANTED,  for  an  extensive  Provincial 
Nursery  a  thoroughly  qualified  and  experienced 
GENERAL  MANAGER.  A  sound  practical  knowledge  of 
every  branch  of  the  Nursery  Trade,  combined  with  energy  and 
ability  to  control  and  direct  the  various  departments  of  a  large 
Business  in  au  efficient  and  thorough  manner  are  indispensable. 
Personal  character  must  bear  the  closest  scrutiny.  Applicants 
are  requested  to  give  full  particulars  of  their  business  . 
perience,  and  where  acquired.  State  the  nature  and  extern 
their  former  charge,  references,  aae,  and  salary  expected 
Z  Y.  ITcarde^rs-  Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellmgton  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,     IMMEDIATELY,     a     GAR- 
DENER.   Married     Rooms  on  premises.    State  age, 
waees.  and  particulars. -W.  A..  .4,  Finsbury  Circus,  E.C. 

\\7aNTED,     a     WORKING      GAKDEN 

VV  FORR  MAN,  used  to  a  country  place.  Must  under- 
stand Grapes,  Peaches,  Flowers,  &c.  Wages  iSr.  a  week  w,  h 
house  and  cial.  Three  under  men  kept.  State  age  length 
of  character,  and  full  particulars.  -  T.,  Strensham  Bag, 
Tewkesbury. 


of 


WANTED,  to  take  charge  of  the  Glass 
Department,  which  is  extensive,  a  fi'|t-class  MAN, 
thoroughly  acquainted  wuh  the  Culiivaiion  of  Hard  and  Soft, 
wooded  Plants,  Vines,  &c.- Apply  with  al  particulars  of 
experience,  age,  salary  expected,  &c  to  Messrs  JAMES 
DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton     Nurseries.  Chester. 

ANTED,     an     INDOOR      NURSERY 

ASSISTANT.  Must  be  experienced  in  Greenhouse 
Plants.  Wages  zcs.  per  week.-G.  AND  W.  YATES,  Heaion 
Norris  Nurseres.  Sicckport. 

ANTED,  a  young  man  as  ASSISTAN"!" 

to  the  Manager-one  who  has  had  some  expe.ience  m 
Superintending  Men  and  Nursery  work  generally  'f'^'- 
intellig^i.t,  and  obliging.  A  good  opoo.tunity  for  anv  one  wno 
wishes  to  obtain  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  Trade. 
If  able  to  Draw  Plans,  Make-out  Estimates,  &c,  it  will  be 
a  recommendation.  Moderate  ways  to  comme.,ca  .wun. 
MANAGER,  Cranston's  Nursery  and  Seed  Company  (Limited), 
King's  Acre,  Hereford. 


July  4,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


31 


WANTED,  to  go  to  America  in  October, 
a  young  manied  couple,  without  encumbrance.  Man 
(Gaidener  preferred)  as  OUIDOOR  HAND,  and  Wife  as 
PLAIN  COOK  Preference  eiven  to  those  who  could  take  a 
Girl  as  Housemaid.— R.  D.  ANDERSON,  Waverley  Abbey, 
Farnham. 

ANTED,    a    married   man,    as    THIRD 

HAND,  who  thorouEhly  understands  Lawns,  Flo»er 
and  Kitchen  Garden.  Must  be  active  aoG  industrious,  and  of 
unexceptional  character.  Cottage,  garden,  and  milk  provided. 
— Write  full  particulars,  stating  age  and  wage<;  required,  to  K., 
Housekeeper,  Eg.  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 


WANTED,  an  active  young  MAN,  with 
some  experience  in  Houses,  to  Grow  Cut  Flowers 
and  Cucumbers  for  Market.— W,  L.  MILNE,  Florist,  New 
Hampton,  Middlesex. 

W ANTED, agoodOUTDOOR  NURSERY 
HAND.  Mustbea  good  liudderandGralter.  Wages 
181.  per  week.  Permanent  place.—  ROBERr  GRAHAM, 
The  Newmarket  Nursery,  Newmarket.  ' 

TS/'ANTED,   an   active   young   MAN,   in   a 

VV  Market  Nursery,  with  a  fair  amount  of  experienci  in 
the  Growing  of  Pelargoniums,  Bouvardias,  and  Cyclamens. 
State  where  experience  has  been  gained,  age,  and  wages  required. 
Permanent  situation  to  suitable  person.— TURNER  BROS  , 
Nurserjraen  and  Florists,  Green  Hill  Nursery,  Alletton, 
Liverpool. 

ANTED~GRAPE    THINN^ERS.— 

C.    R.    TURNER,     Rabley    Nursery,    near    South 
Mimms,  Barnet. 

WA  N  T  e1),  a  Ma'n  for  the  Ware- 
house Must  be  active,  industrious,  and  sober.  AUo 
a  JUNIOR  COUNTER  HAND.-K.  SANDER  and  CO., 
Seed  Growers,  bt,  Albans. 


w 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  7iegotiatiitg  it. 

N.B. — The  best  and  sajest  ?neans  oj  Remit  tins; 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  ^^  Paste  Rest  ante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

Gardeners,  Fatrm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries,  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c.,  on  application. 

fc  haIi  D    S  M  It  H^  a  n'd~~C  o. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  fr&m  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 

MclNTVRB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake   Foroiation  and   Hanting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

US,  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


TO  NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smart,  sound,  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWAKD.s,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c.,  in  Obuining  Men  specially 
suitable  for  their  requirements  -VICCARS  COLLYER  AND 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CKEWS.  Manager. 

RB.  LAIRD  and  SONS  (Successors  to  the 
•  late  Firm  of  DowNlE  &  Laikd)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wiih  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCO  1 CH  GAR- 
DENERS, whose  character  and  abilities  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Establishments  or  Single-handed 
Situations;  also  FOREMEN,  UNDER  GARDENERS,  and 
FARM  BAILIFFS.— 17,  Frederick  Street.  Edinburgh. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS,  cr  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  Upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 


G 


riARDENER  (Head). — Age  32  ;  nine  years' 

*     good  character  from  last  situation. — T.   WARD,  Aving- 
Park.  Winchester, 


GARDENER  (Head). —Age  36,  married, 
one  child  :  thoroughly  understands  the  profession  in  all 
branches.  Good  reference.  —  W.  P.,  47,  Leicester  Road, 
Loughborough. 

C;j.ARDENER  (Head),  age  32,  married,  no 
y  family.— Lord  Charles  Thvnne  recommends  a  tho- 
roughly expe.ienced  man —J.  LIDINGTON,  Culver  House, 
Woudchesler,  Gloucestershire. 


GARDENER  (He.\d),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept  — Married  when  luited  ;  two  years  Second  with 
a  Nobleman.  Go  ,d  expeiience  in  Vines,  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Excellent  character. — 
C.  ALDER,  16,  Bukbeck  Place,  West  Dulwich,  S  E. 

ARDENER(Head).— Sir  Henry  Hawley, 

Bart.,  wishes  to  recommend  his  Head  Gardener  to  any 
Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiting  a  high-class  practical 
man  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.- J  AMES  EVANS, 
Gardener,  Leybourne  Grange,  West  Mailing,  Kent. 


/^ARDENER    (Head\  — Mr.  P.  C.  Hard- 

VX  wicKE  wishes  to  Highly  recommend  his  late  Head  Gar- 
dener, who  lived  fifteen  years  at  Hollanden„Tonbridge,  to  any 
one  requiring  a  thoroughly  practic.d  man. — P.  C.  HARD- 
WICKE,  Es<i.,  2,  Hereford  Gardens.  Park  Lane,  W. 

G"  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  thoroughly 
experienced  with  Orchids,  Fruit  and  Flower  Forcing, 
and  general  routine  of  Gardening.  Good  personal  character. — 
H.  PAYNE,  I,  North's  Terrace,  Blackhorse  Lane,    Waltham- 

GARDENER  (Head),  age  40  ;  disengaged. 
— Thorough  first-clas  practical  man  in  every  deparlmenl. 
Could  undertake  to  make  the  Gardens  pay.  Excellent 
references.  Wages  265.  per  week,  house  and  firing. — T.  WIL- 
LIAMS, oa.  New  Jamaica  Street,  Bristol. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.— Canon  Hole,  Caunton  Manor,  Newaik-on- 
Trent,  recommends  H.  Dowding,  who  has  lived  with  him  for 
five  years,  as  well  qualified  in  every  way  for  the  situation. — 
— H.  DOWDING,  Ditchampton,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  2>i,  married,  two 
children.- H.  Wells  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
want  of  a  thorough  practical  man 
men. -Present employer.  J.  MAR- 
ir,  HeckSeld,  Winchlield.  will  be 
es  as  to  character  and  abilities. 


Nobleman  or  Gentleman  ir 
as  above.  Not  less  than  fivi 
TINEAU,  Esq.,  Park  Con 
pleased  to  answer  all  enquii 


To  Gardeners  and  Nurserymen. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  married. 
-£i    Bonus.       First  class  references.       Sixteen    years' 
experience. -L.  P.    7,  Danby  Street,  Peckham,  S.  E. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING),  where  one 
or  moie  are  kept. — Age  30,  niairied  :  understands  the 
Management  of  a  good  Garden  in  all  branches.  Knowledge  of 
Land  and  Stock.  Good  character. —A.  B.,  Bank.  Lyndhurst, 
Hants. 

GARDEN1:r  (He-^d  Working)  ;  age  39, 
married. --A  Gentlem  ^N,  giving  up  his  esiablishmeni, 
can  cortfidently  recommend  the  abave  to  any  Lady  or  Genllc- 
man  ..c;'"iring  a  thoroughly  competent,  trustworthy  man. — 
R  ,  The  Gardens,  Soulhfidd,  Louth,  Lincolnshire, 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed).— Age  s;,  single  :  thoroughly  cxpeii- 
enced  in  all  branches.  First-class  references.  — G.  W.,  Mrs 
Ashford.  Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 


(':j.ARDENKR  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 

V_J  BAILIFF. — Age 49,  no  family  ;  understands  every  branch 
of  the  profession.  Testimonials  and  re'erence  of  the  highest 
class.-J.    L.,    Mrs.    Williams,   .2,    Bertha    Road.  Greet,  near 


/:j.ARDENER.— Age  32,  married;  thorough 

VT  practical  knowledge  of  his  business  in  all  departments. 
Excellent  character.-HEAD  GARDENER,  Penton  Park, 
Andover. 


/^ARDENER   (Single-handed),  or  where 

V-^  help  is  given. — Age  22.  single  ;  thoroughly  understands 
his  work.-B.  H.  HUTCHINGj,  .,  i;hurch  Vdlas,  Castelnau, 
Barnes,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 
—  Age  28,  married  ;  understands  Vines.  Cucumbers, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  &c.  Good  references.— K.  N., 
Tjne  Lane,  near  Chertsey.  Surrey. 

CT^RDENER  (Second).— Age  22  ;  has  been 
-^      fjur  years  as  Secjnd  under  glass.     Goocl  chatacter. — 
H.  G.  C,  Manor  House.  Woodmansterne,  near  Epsom,  Suirey 

C GARDENER  (Second). —Age  22  ;  has  a 
^  practical  knowledge  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Flants, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gaidcni.-g.  Good  character.— D.  G.,  The 
Garden,  Grey  Court,  Ham,  Kichmond,  Surrey. 

C:i  ARDENErTseconIiT,  where  four  or  five 
^      are  kept,  in  Houses  preferred. — Age  28.  married  ;  eight 
years*  experience.     Good  character.     Wife  can  take  Dairy  and 
in  House  occasionally.— T.  B.,  Six  Acre  Cottages,  Fawk- 
lear  Daitford,  Kent. 


hail; 

GARDENER  (Under).— Young  ;  four  years' 
experience  in   Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  and  Vines. 
-G.  M.,  5,  Retreat,  Horn  Lane,  Woodiord,  Essex. 

To  Nurserymen 

LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  in  a  large 
Nurserv.-Has  a  first-class  knowledge  of  Value  of 
Nursery  Stork,  requirements  of  Gardens  and  Forests.  Good 
Salesman.  Can  prepaie  Designs  and  work  them  on  the  most 
approved  principles.  —  References  on  application  to  DUNCAN 
SMITH,  Burbage,  Hinckley.  Leicestershire. 


To  Notilemen  and  Gentlemen. 

MANAGER,  or  HEAD  in  a  large  establish- 
ment,  where  the  <;urp!us  i*;  sold  to  part  pay  expenses. — 
Good  testimonials.— REX,  Hope  Cottage,  Burnt  Oak,  Eogware. 


To  Nurserymen. 

MANAGER,  FOREMAN,  and  PROPA- 
GATOR, Market  or  othtrwise.— Can  be  highly  recom- 
mended by  London  and  Provincial  Firms  as  to  ability,  sobriety, 
&c.  —A.  B.,  Ivy  Terrace,  Green  Lanes,  Stockport. 


FOREMAN  or  MANAGER.— Age  45  ;  ex- 
perienced  Plantsman  and  Salesman,  also  in  Bouquets, 
Wreaths  and  Crosses,  Decorations,  Landscape  Gardening  and 
the  Management  of  Men.— FLORIST,  22,  Anhalt  Road, 
Battersea  Park,  S.W. 


FOREMAN. — Age  28  ;  thirteen  years'  prac- 
tical experience  in  Fruit  and  Plant  Growing.  Two  and 
a-half  years'  reference.— H.  G.,  3,  Silver  Cottages,  Elm  Grove, 
Lower  Norwood.  S.E. 


FOREMAN  ;  age  25.— T.  CARTER,  Gardener, 
Oipringe  House,  Faveisham,  Kent,  can  with  Confidence 
recommend  a  young  man  to  any  Gardener  being  in  want  of  a 
trustworthy  good  Plantsman.— Address  as  above. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 
establishment. — Age  26;  eleven  years'  piactical  ex 
perience.  Two  years*  good  character  from  last  employer. — M 
FIELD,  Wellington  Road  Nursery,  St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — 
Age  25  ;  well  up  in  the  Culture  of  Orchids,  Ferns.  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Highly  recommended  from  present 
and  previous  places —C.  B.,  Major  Mason,  The  Firs,  Warwick. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 
25  ;  has  lived  in  several  Noblemen's  gardens  ;  can  be  well 
recommended  from  last  and  previous  places— G.  S.  CASl", 
6,  Calcutta  Terrace,  Tamworth. 


ipOREMAN.— Age  23  ;  has  had  good  ex- 
perience in  England  and  abroad  in  first-class  establish- 
ments. Highest  references.  Situation  abroad  preferred. — 
R.  C,  8,  Park  Road,  Twickenham. 

To  Head  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  moderate-sized  establish- 
ment ;  age  25  -The  Advertiser  desires  to  recommend  a 
reliable  man  as  above —G.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Athelstan  Road, 
Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

To  Nurserymen 

FOREMAN  (General),  under  Glass.— One 
of  the  most  succesjul  Propagators  and  Plaiitsmen  in  the 
trade.  Thirty  years'  extensive  practice.  "Twenty  years  as 
Foreman  and  Salesman  with  leading  firms.— H.  E.,  7,  Mill 
Street.  Alirincham,  Cheshire. 

FOREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden  —Age  27  ;  good  testimonials  as  to  ability,  &c. — 
B.  W.,  Elmdon,  Saffron  VValden,  Essex. 

URSERY  FOREMAN  (Working).— Well 

up  to  his  business.  Indoors  and  Out  ;  six  years  in  present 
place.— T.  P.,  Tupsley  Nursery,  Hereford. 

ROPAGATOR     ^i^d      GROWER.  —  Teff 

years'  experience  in  Roses  Indoor  and  Out.  Coniferz, 
Rhcdodendrons.  and  general  Plant  Growing.— W.  S  ,  3,  White- 
hall  Street  (south  side),  Tottenham,  London. 

ROPAGATOR  and  GROWER,   where  Cut 

Flowers  and  Flowering  Plants  are  wanted  in  quantity. 
— -^S*  35.  married  ;  good  references.  London  experience. — 
A.  B  ,  89,  Greenside  Road,  Sheoherd's  Bush.  London.  W. 


"poSE-GROWER  (Indoor).— Age  26;  good 

-Lv  Budder  and  Grafter.  Six  years'  experience,  and  six 
years  in  othei  branches.  Good  character.— J.  E.  FERNSIDE, 
5,  Dafford  Street,  Laikhalf,  Bath. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 

O  esUbiishment.-Age  24;  highly  recommended.  — F.  H., 
The  Gardens.  Effingham  House.  Leaiherhead,  Surrey. 

TOU R N eYnFaTn,  In  a  C^tleman's~Garden, 

^  Out-o!-doors. — Age  22.  Two  years'  good  character  from 
last  place. —T.  E..  Pearce's  Cottages,  Long  Ditton  Hill,  Svurey. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  19  ; 

t/  used  to  Forcing  Grapes,  Peaches,  and  Roses.  Five  years 
'  1  present  situation.  Can  be  highly  recommended.— R.  SMITH, 


r  Str, 


,  Maidsl 


TMP ROVER.— Wanted,   by    a    young    man 

J-  (age  30)  wishine  to  improve  himself,  a  situation  la  a  large 
Nursery  under  a  Foreman.  Has  had  two  years'  Grafting. 
Budding,  Pruning,  &c.  Gjod  character— JOHN  MANSEY, 
Bridge  biiuate.  Farnham.  Surrey. 


To  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation. 
Small  Nursery  preferred.  Understands  Propagating  and 
Growing  Soft-wooded  Plants,  &c.  Could  act  as  Salesman  and 
Assist  at  C)flice  Work  and  in  the  Business  generally.  Steady 
and  trustworthy.  —  ASSISTANT,  Gardeners'  Chtonkle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GROWERS,  &c.— A  young  man  (age  28)  seeks  a  situa- 
tion in  a  Market  Nursery  ;  able  to  take  charge  of  Glass,  and 
capable  of  producing  good  stuff.  1  htee  years  in  last  situation. 
Midlands  preferred. —E.  V.,  i.  Merchant  Street,  Bristol. 

To  the  Trade.  " 

MANAGER  of  a  Nursery,  HEAD  SHOP- 
MAN, or  both.— First-class  Bouquet  Maker.  Nine 
years  with  one  of  the  most  successful  prize-takers  in  England. 
Two  years  Manager  in  last  and  present  situations.  Un- 
exceptional references.  Total  abstainer.— Mr.  T.  JONES, 
77,  Highgate,  Kendal. 


To  Seed  Merchants  and  Nurserymen. 

MANAGER,  HEAD  SHOPMAN,  or 
TRAVELLER.— Age  35  ;  respectable  appearance,  and 
of  good  address  ;  thorouglily  experienced  in  the  various 
branches  of  the  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  Excellent  references 
from  several  well-known  firms.- SEEDSMAN.  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

URSERY  TRAVELLER,  or  AGENT 

and  TRAVELLER,  representing  Foreign  Firm.— 
Please  state  full  particulars  to  D.  C,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HO  P  M  A  N,  A  S  Sl  S  T  A  N  T,  or  could 

MANAGE  a  Branch  Establishment.— Thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  Seed  Business.  First-class  references.  —  A., 
1,  The  Lodges,  Chandos  Street,  Hereford. 

O  SEEDSMEN  and  NURSERYMEN.— 

A  young  man  requires  a  situation  in  a  Seed  Warehouse 
or  Nursery.  Four  years'  experience.  Good  references.  Wages 
i5i.  to  zoj.— F.  E.  C.  Holmfirth,  Yorks. 

O  FLORISTS.— Lame  youth  (age  17),  had 

some  experience,  wants  situation  at  a  good  Florist's 
where  he  would  have  an  opportunity  to  Learn  the  Trade,  time 
given.  — C.  DAVIS,  Bourne  Farm,    Bourne  Hill,  Southgaie.  N. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT. 
—  Bilious  affections,  with  all  their  concomUant  annoy- 
ances induced  by  atmospheric  changes,  or  too  liberal  diet, 
should  be  checked  at  once  or  serious  consequences  may  ensue. 
When  any  one  finds  his  ideas  less  clear  than  usual,  his  eyesight 
dimmed,  and  his  head  dizzy,  accompanied  by  a  disinciinaiioa 
for  all  exertion,  physical  or  mental,  he  may  be  quite  sure  that 
he  is  in  immediate  need  of  some  alterative  medicine.  Let  hitn 
at  once  send  for  a  Box  of  Holloway's  Pills,  a  mild  course  of 
which  will  lemove  the  symptoms,  and  speedily  renew  his  usual 
healthful  feeling.  If  the  bowels  be  irritable,  Holloway's  Oint» 
ment  should  be  diligently  rubbed  over  the  stomach  and  Uver 
every  night  and  morning. 


32 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


QuLV  4,  1885. 


Eoslier's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 

wmm    '11 

^E  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in  mateiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  j^m=raa»siaato 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  '^sa^^^S 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up    little    room,    and, 

further    labour 
as  do  "prown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  supeiior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfiiars.  S.E.  1  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  : 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FDXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS 

lllu.lratec  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
tor  Conservatcres,  Halls,  Corridors.  Balconies,  &c., 
from  31  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design.  *iih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHriE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

I.ardors,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baihs.  &c.  Grooved  and  other Siable 

Paving  o(  great  durability,  WallCopings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  vaiiety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO  .  Brick  and  Tile  Metchants. 

Sse  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fire  or  coarse  grain   as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Too 
or  Truckload.  00   V\haif  in  London,  or  delivered  diiect  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Stalinn-     Sample,  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  KKICK  BUR  RS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rales  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.-Orde.s  promptly  f.xecuted  by  Rail  or  to  Wha  ves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

SLUG  TRAPS,  IS.  p.  doz  ,  ips.  p.  gross,  free. 
Mr  A.  Morton  rc/Vfi:— "  Slu^  Traps  success;    recipe 
for  bait  good."— K.  COI  E.  53,  Pear  Tree  Road,  Derby. 

BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    THREE-QUARTER    PLATS 
WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.    4658) 
'■  LUDGATE"  WATCH. 

SILVER, 


£5  5s. 


£12  12s. 


a  "Speciil  Sirengih"  Silver  English  Lever,  my  best 
London  make,  with  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 
yeive'led  throiiffftoid. 

Cktoriomeier  b.ilance.  wtlh  damp  ami  duit  proof 
Piiirnt  ringbjnd,  and e.T tended  barret. 


M„. 


tteritng  j 


r  dome 


iVith  crystal  glass  /> 

Winds,  iei  /tandi  aud  openi  at  back. 
The  superioity  in  value,  accuracy,  and  durability  of  the 
■' Ludgaie"  Watch  over  ihe  Swiss  and  American  Keyless  and 
Non- Keyless  Watches,  made  in  Imitation  of  and  sold  as 
Knelijh  work,  and  the  ordinaiy  Full.pl.ite  English  Watch  is 
enormous.  The  "  Ludgaie  "  'tVatch  is  cumpact,  strong,  hand, 
some,  and  durable.  Being  Th.ee  Quarter  Plate.it  is  superior 
in  value  and  appearance  to  any  ;tio  Watch  sold,  and,  being 
compensated,  it  keeps  perfect  lime  ;  fitted  with  crystal  front,  it 
combines  the  strengih  of  the  Hunter,  and  convenience  of  the 
open  face.  Of  my  best  London  make,  it  will  last  a  lifetime, 
stand  rough  usage  of  all  and  every  k  nd  without  damage,  and, 
bell  g  made  in  ihtee  sizes,  it  is  fsrr  ihe  above  reasons  suited  for 
Home.  Indian,  and  Colonial  use  by 

Gardeners.  Workmen,  and  Gentlemen. 

TI14  '  Liidgate"  U'atcli  n far iu/erior 
To  any  Watch  at  tile  price  yet  made,  and 
Wiil  be  ientjree  and  safe  at  our  risk 
To  alt  pans  of  tilt  world  for  Cs  SS.. 
Cask  or  P.O.O.  ;  or  in  Itunlins  csses,  16  6j. 
/•rice  in  18-Carat  gOla.  crystal  glass  ca:es. 

Twelve  tjuineas. 
SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  aTh.ee  tjjaiter  Plate  English  Watch  for  £5  51  in  Silver, 
or  lit  sis.  HI  Gold,  and  ihat  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  ol  any  Watchmaker  in  the  King* 
dcm.  Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  again. t.  A  BoOk  explaining  the  advantages  of 
this  Watch  over  the  Full.pl.ile  English  Watches  sold  by  all 
other  makers,  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  spp'ication  to 

J.    "W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  E  C. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  ot  Watches  from  ..£2  to  .^500,  Gold  and 
Jewelleiy,    Clocks   (House.    Chime,    ana    Turret),  and 


EOYAL   AaEICULTURAL   SHOW,    PRESTOI. 

STAND,    No.  341. 

FOSTER   &    PEARSON, 

BEESTON,  NOTTS, 

HOTHOUSES,    FRAMES,    BOILERS, 
VALVES. 

ROYAL  A&RICULTURAL   SHOW,    PRESTO!. 


"FAWKES"    UNIVERSAL    RANGE. 


This  Is  the  cheapest  range  yel  introduced,  which  cmbines  first-das';  workmanship,  practical  utility,  and  pleasinjt  appearance.        A 
It  may  be  used  as  two  Vineries  and  a  Plant  House;  or  Vinery,    Peach  House,  and   Stove;    or  Vinerv,    Melon  House,  and  Green-     J 
house  ;  or  Siove,  rireenhouse,  and  Vinery ;  or  Cucumber  House,  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  ;  or  Fetch  Houie,  Cucumber  House,  and 
Stove  ;  or  Ferneiy,  PUot  House,  and  Orchid  House  ;  or  as  various  other  combinations. 

Rc7'isCii  Prices  and  full  particulars^  Post-free. 

CROMPTON      ^    FAWKES 

(formerly  T.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co.), 

CHE  L  M  S  F  O  E  D. 

LONDON       OFFICE  —  Uansion    House    Buildinga. 


DEANE  k  CO.'S  GARDEN  FURNITURE 


LAWN     MOWERS, 

f>.  r>.    PER    CENT     FOR   CASH 
^11     OFFMAKERS'PRICES. 
LA  \j  CARRIAGE   PAID. 


GARDtN     KOLLtRS 


SWING  WATEB,  BABBOWS 

Strongly  made,  with  Galvanised  Iron 


Wltl 

Balance 

Ha 

ole 

Do 
18  in 

tlBLB   C\ 

'.  551.  1 

4  in 

by 

Si 

KC1.E   CV 

LINE 

RR 

16  in 

..    .  =  '.    1   > 

0  in 

by 

i!i  in 

..  15s    1  s 

2  in 

by 

luO. 


STRONG  WOOD  BARROW. 

Well    constructed  of  seasoned    Elm,  well 

painted,  and  cheap.      Price,  -i^s.  td. 
Wim  loose  lop  (as  engraving)  ....    32^.  6J. 


GARDEN    ENGINES. 

allon  tv    I  34  Gallon  ....   i 

duj    I  30  Gallon  „  . .   ] 


SUBURBAN     SEAT 

(as   engraving),    strong    and    easy,    the 

Length.  5  teet,  17J.  ;    6  feet,  191. 
GARDEN  SEAIS  in  Great  Varibtv 


BRONZED  IKON  TABLE, 

With  solid  Walnut  top, 
iS  in.  diameter.   \is.  I  34  in.  diameter,  its. 


Musical  Boxes, 


application. 


Summer  Houses,  Vases,  Water  Carts,  Wire  Netting,  Hurdles,  and  Tools  of  all  Descriptions. 

DEANE    AND    CO.S    ILLUSTRATRD    CATALOGUE    OF    GARDEN    FURNITURE    GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 

All  Orders  sent  Carnage  Paid  to  any  Railway  Station.      Discount  on  cash  payments. 

DEANE  &  CO..  46,  King  William  Street,ToNDON  BRIDGE,  E.G. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3jd. 
VV.  RICHARDS,  41.  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbi'RY.  Agnew.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars.  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
said  Wlliam  Richards,  at  the  OlTice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  July  4.  1S85. 

Agent  for  Manchester— JOHM  Hevwood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estaijlisijetr  1841. 


No.  602.— Vol.  XXIV.  {s^K^rs.}        SATURDAY,  JULY  11,  li 


{Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  5d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPoST-FREE,  5^(/. 


CONTENTS. 


ARlaepnema  acutlspathur 
Aloe  insignia 
Alpine  plants 
Amarj[Ilis.  the 
Arctolia,  the  genus 
Books 

Broccoli,  late 
Flower  garden,  the 

,,     making 
Forestry 
Fruit  crops  of  the  year 

„     „     report  on  the  CO 
'       of 


Garden 
of 


ase  and  decay  in 

leV glass".    :: 

efuse,     disposal 
'  Royal  Benevo- 


Gardener^ 

lent  Insi 
Leaf;cutte 

foliage 

Native  flora  of  Great 
Britain,  the  preservation 
of  the 

Orchid  notes 

Passion-flower,  hybrid     . . 

Phylloxera  in  Greece 


Poplar  gall  Insect . . 

Rhododendrons  for  market 

Rhododendron  Manglesi  x 

Rose  pruning 

Seed  saving 

Smoking  m  the  conserva- 
tory, Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society 

.       Bath  Rose 

j       Braintree   and    Bocking 

I  Horticultural.. 

Crystal  Palace  Rose    . . 

Ipswich    and     East    ol 
i  England 

National  Rose  .  , 
^      Shepperton    Horticultu- 
ral        . .  . .  . . 

Tcddington    Horticultu- 


r  bees  and  Ro 


]      Tunbridge  Wells  Horti- 
cultural 
-  Striking  a  light 


I  Tring  Park 

I  Vanda    Denlsoniana     van 

',      hebraica  . . 

Weather,  the 

Wild    plants,     destruction 


ofn 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Apple,  diseased 53 

Oidium  fructigenum  . .  . ,  . .  . .         . .  . .  52 

Poplar  gall  and  insect 59 

RhododendroQ  Manglesi  X  49 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE, 


T 


Now  Ready,  In  olotU,  163. 
HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Stretl,  Strand,  W.C. 

THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICL E 

■I  IN  AMERICA, 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

A>ent  tor  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  s.-^nt. 

rJOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
kj  South  Kensington,  S.W 

NOTICE  !  — COMMITTEES'  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  11  AM,,  in  the  Conservatory  ;  Scientific  at  i  I'M., 
in  the  Library. 

GENERAL  MEETING  for  the  Election  of  Fellows,  &c., 
at  3l'.M.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  July  14    in  the  Conseivatory. 


EOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
'  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

SHOW  of  PLANTS,  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  in  the 
Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  74.  Admission  to 
Fellows  at  Noon.  \'isitors  to  the  Inlernational  Inventions 
Exhibition  admitted  free  from  i  p  M. 


IVTEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE 

X>  SUMMER  FLOWER  SHOW,  JULY  22.  23  and  24. 
VEITCH  MEMORIAL  MEDAL,  and /;5,  wuh  ^'2  added 
by  the  Society,  as  ist  prize  ;  Cs.  ad  ;  {,-i.  3d  ;  £,2,  4th  ;  for  6 
Plants  in  hloom,  dissimilar,  open  to  hana  fide  Amateurs  or 
Gentlemen's  Gardeners,      For  Schedules,  &c.,  apply  to 

Cross  Ho 


SALTERHEBBLE  and  DISTRICT  ROSE 
SOCIF.IV. 
The  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  ol  ROSES  will  be  held  on 
THURSn.AY,  July  23.     Entiies  Cltse  July  21.     Schedules  on 
application.  g^^j^   SEED,  Sec. 

Salterhebble,  Halifax. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE       HORTI- 
CULTURAI.   SOCIETY. 
The  GRAND  SUMMER  SHOW   will  be  held  at   Ntrih. 
amplon.  AUGUST  3  (Bank   Holiday).       For  best    iz    Plants, 
£'t.  If,.  Ci-      Entries  Close  July  25.     Schedules  and  full  par- 

S,  Sheep  Street.  Northampton.  ■*■  fORBES,  Sec. 

MATLOCK    BATH    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
FOURTEENTH   EXHIBITION,   AUGUSTS.    FORTY 
POUNDS  given  in  CKass  open  to  all  England.     For  Schedules 
"■'■''^  Mr.  CLARK,  Hon.  Sec,  Matlock  Bath. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Sinele.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratU.       KELWAY  and  SON,  Langport,  Somerset. 


East  LotUan  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    AND    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain   of  the  above,  in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
l»..  2i.M.,  &  51.  each  colour.    Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 

INDIAN  AZALEAS.  — Economise  30  per 
cent,  and  come  with  your  orders  ta  the  largest  Indian 
Azalea  Gardens  in  Belsium.  For  thelUustrated  English 
CATALOGUE,  gratis,  apply  to 

EUGENE  VERVAET  DE  VOS,  Indian  Azalea   Nursery, 
Swynaerde.  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Berlin  Lily  of  the  Valley,  finest  Single  Blooming  Crowns  ; 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  &c.,  &c. 

ARIEMSCHNEIDER,  Nurseryman, 
•  Brandenburg-on-Hsvel.  by  Berlin,  Germany,  has  just 
published  his  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  the  above,  which 
may  be  obtained  post-free  from  his  Agents, 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
London,  E.C. 

EIGHTY^THOUSAND  CLEMATIS^ 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine.  from  lit.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  appUcation. 

RICHARD    SMITH     and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

FECIAL  OFFER 

OF  GOOD  PLANTS. 
PALMS,  specially  hardy  grown,  Latania  boibonica  and 
Seaforthia  elegans,  20  inches  high,  121.  per  dozen,  80J.  per  100  ; 
Adiantum  cuneatum,  5-inch  pots,  good  specimens,  9;.  per 
dozen,  6oj.  per  100  ;  strong  planis,  out  of  thumbs,  3J,  per 
dozen,  iSt.  per  roj.  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA,  s-inch 
pots,  good  plants,  i8r.  per  dozen  :  small  plants,  41.  per  dozen, 
3or.  per  ico.  All  strong  healthy  plants. 
The  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge.  Siamford  Hill.  London,  N, 


New  Seeds  for  Present  Sowing. 

W      THOMPSON,    Sf.kdsman,     Ipswich, 
•    begs  to  cffer  the  following  New  Seeds,  just  harvested, 
at  ir.  per  packet  each  :  — 
ANEMO.VE,  new  Irish  or  St.  I  IRIS  reiiculata  KrelageL 
GENTlANAverna.     [Brigid.     PR  I MULA  flonbunda. 
IRIS  reticulata.  |  PRIMULA  rosea. 

The  Six  for  51.  6,/.   in  stamps  or  postal  order. 
For  single  packets,  13  stamps  must  be  sent. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH    HULBS-Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  freiglit  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate  the  Same  quality  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Ihpoktkr  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses.  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C? 
EsUblished  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
ai  plication.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  the  end  of  Dec,  in  each  year. 


New  Turnip  Seed. 
pHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO. 

V>'     offer,    of    crop    1885,     their    choice    selected 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants, 

have   to 

stocks  of 
Sleaford. 

T  OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

-LJ                    Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  3,/.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVEL  AND  SON. 

Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield. 

RICHARD  WALKER  can  supply  the  follow 
ing,  for  cash,  all  from  the  very  best  stock  :— Veitch's 
Giant  CAULIFLOWER  PLANTS,  61,  periooc;  Knight's  Pro- 
tecting While  BROCCOLI.  45.  per  loco:  Sprouting  BROC- 
COLI, B.ussels  SPROUTS,  Drumhead  SAVOY,  and  Scotch 
KALE,  all  at  21.  bd.  per  1000  ;  Solid  Red  CELE  RY  PLANTS, 
6s.  per  1000.  — Market  Gardens,  Biggleswade,  Beds. 

QU  ELCH         AND         BARN  HAM 

Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.&c. 

Q  O  U^E^L^C  H         AN^D         BARN  H  A  M, 

kj*     giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv. 
B.ANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


w 


ISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
are  opsn  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGNMENTS  of 
FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


WANTED, PELARGONIUM  CUTTINGS 
best  Market  Varieties.       Ounie  piice  per  loco  to 


CARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CALCEO- 
LARIA.—For  particulars  of  Awards,  see  issue  of  the 
Cardemrs'  ChronUle  for  June  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets, 
is.6d..  2S.6d.,  3J.6(/.,  and  sr,,  Post-free. 


w 


Show  Pelargoniums. 
ANTED,  tops  of  COMET,    MARTIAL, 

JOE,  SULTANA,  and  ROYAL  REVIEW. 

State  size  of  plants  and  price  to 

A.  C,   4,  Walford   Road,   Stoke  Newington,   N. 


(BARTER'S   FIRST  PRIZE  CINERARIA. 

V^  —For  particulars  of  Awards,  see  issue  of  the  CnrJtfwrs' 
Chronicle  for  June  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,  li.  td., 
•is.  6d.,  3^.  6d.y  and  5J.,  Post-free. 


CARTERS,  SEEDSMEN  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H.R.H.  the  Pnnce  of  Wales,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 
London,  W,C 


Hellebonis  nlger  (Clirlstmas  Rose). 

ARIEMSCHNEIDER,      NURSERYMAN, 
•      Brandenburg-on-Havel,  bv  Berlin,  having  an  imme 
stock  of  these  useful  Plants,  can  offer  them  at  prices,  per  tot 
which  defy  competition.    See  CATALOGUE,  whidi  n 


be  obtained,  fre 

Messrs.   R.  SILBERRAD 
London,  E.C. 


SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 


Now  Ready,  Strong  Plants  of 

FV.  RASPAIL,   the   best   winter-flowering 
•  Scarlet  Double  GERANIUM  for  Market. 

Price,  8j.  per  too,  £t.  ioj.  per  1000.     Packed  and  put  on  rail. 
JAS.  HASLETT,   tiorist,  Bolney.  Hayward's  Heath.  Sussex. 

UR  SPECIAL  ORCHID  LIST,  No.  74,  is 

now  out.  with  List  of  Mr.  Edward  Wallace's  importations. 
OUR  JAPANESE  MAPLES  are  now  in  full  beauty  ;   a  visit 

of  inspection  is  solicited.     Two  Bronze  Medals  have  been 

awarded  us  for  these. 
OUR  JAPANESE  LILIES  are  now  on  view. 

NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


Hyacinths.  TuUps,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 
p     G.   VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun,,    Haarlem, 
V7.     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs,  R.  SILBEkRARD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Garden', 
Clutched  Friars,  EC. 

To  the  Trade  and  Large  Buyers. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE   ROSES,  fine  Plants, 
in  43-pots.     Purchasers'  selection  from  2;  choice  varietits 
from  601.  per  103,      CUT  ROSES  supplied  in  large  quantities. 
EDWIN    HILLIER,  The  Nurseries,  Winchester. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13s.  6d. 

EWING  AND    CO..  Sea  View   Nu 
(late  of  Eaton,  near  Norwich). 


K 


B 


ELWAY'S        MODEL        CINERARIA, 

KELWAY'S  MODEL  PRIMULA, 
KELWAYS  MODEL  CALCEOLARIA, 
2S.  (id.  and  55.  per  packet. 
KELWAY  AND  SO.M.   Langport,   Somerset. 

Now  In  Full  Bloom. 
EGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 
senting an  unrivalled  floral  display.    Visitors  are  cordially 
Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 


Dahlias. 

FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  offers  the  fol- 
lowing, in  strong  plants,  in  large  6o's  ; —Juarezi,  White 
Cactus  (Constance),  Fire  King,  Guiding  Star  :  also  the  best 
Single  and  Pompon  kinds,  at  low  prices  to  the  Trade  and  others. 
i,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,   CROCUS,  &c.— 
The  new  Wholesale  Trade  CATALOGUE  is  now  ready 
and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 

B.  J.  LOMANS.  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem,  Holland. 


PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 
Sixteenih  year  of  distribution. 
WILLIAMS'  SUPERB  STRAIN,  ii.  (,d.  perdoz.,  loi.per  too. 
CINERARIAS  same  plice.     Package  and  carriage  free  for 
cash  with  order.      The  above  are   strong,  and  fit    for  potting 
into  3.inch  pots. 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

RIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS 

Fine  pi  nt-,  ready  for  single  pots,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  larj;e  flowered  strains  we  have  distributed  for 
fourteen  J  ears,  is.  6d  perdoz.    ics  per  ro-»,  22j  6d  for  950. 

WM,  CLIliRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiinch  m, 
ai  d  .2.  Market  Street.  Manchestir. 


Roses,  &c. 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON  invite  inspection  of 
their  COLLECTION  of  ROSES,  whiih  is  now  in 
Fust  Bloom,  and  will  continue  blooming  throughout  the  summer 
and  autumn.  The  collection  is  this  year  rich  in  novelties.  The 
Ornamental  Trees,  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Fruit  Trees  are  also 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,   Paul's  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross, 
adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway. 

Rape  Seed. 
ENGLISH.GROWN  RAPE  SEED  FOR  SOWING. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    AND    CO,  have   the 
above   to   offer,  of  fine   quality.     Sample  and  price  on 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


34 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  i8 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  6939 ) 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  15.  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  choice  collection  of  ORCHIDS 
m  FLOWER,  including  fine  forms  of  Catlleya  Wallisi,  C. 
Mendelii,  C.  Gaskelliana,  C.  gigas,  and  C.  Mossia:  ;  Odonto- 
glcssum  Alexandras,  O.  vexillarium,  splendid  specimens— one 
nth  90  blooms  ;  O,  polyxanthum,  Masdcvallias,  Dendrobiiims, 


On 


On> 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next  —(Sale  No.  6939.) 
1000  EUCHARI^  AMAZONICAfSowering  bulbs). 
2CO  CALANTHE  DISCOLOR,  just  received. 
5CO  CLEMAIIS  CRISPA,  from  America. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the 
above  in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  July  15. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(Jale  No.  {940.) 
SEEDS,  So. 
6aoo  KENTIA  CANTERBUVANA,  5000  K.  BELMORE- 
ANA.  7000  K.  FOSTERIANA,  and  12,500  ARECA 
P.AUERI,  from  New  South  Wales  :  ijo  ib.  of 
JAPANESE  SEEDS  in  variety;  500  CLEMATIS 
CRISPA  from  America,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
iu  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
33  King  Sireet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURbD.AY 
NEXT.  July  16. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  6940  ) 
VALUABLE     IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  16.  at 
half-past  t2  o'clock  precisely,  fine  importatior.s  of  L^tLIA 
ALBIDA  (enormous  masses).  L.  ANCEPS  (very  dark  form), 
L.  AUrUMNALIS  ATRORUBENS,  EPIDHNDRU.M 
VITELLINUM  MAJUS,  ODONrOGLOSSUM  MA- 
DRENSE,  O.  ROSSI  MAJUS,  O.  INSLEAYI  LEOPAR- 
DINUM,  O.  CRISPUM  (ALEXANDRA),  the  best  type, 
O.  CITROSMUM,  While  and  Rose  vanetie.s,  &c..  fiom 
Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Conder  &  Co.  ;  also  two  cases  containing 
somesplendidmas-esofL^LIAPERRINI.SOPHRONITES 
on  blocks,  and  other  ORCHIDS  in  fine  condition,  just  received 
direct  from  Brazil,  and  about  2C0  lots  of  good  Impoited  and 
Established  ORCHIDS,  from  Mr.  J.  E.  Bonny. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next,  July  14. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT.  RYDE.     "  THE  BAYS,"  HAVLANDS. 

To  Florists,  Gardeners,  Private  Growers,  and  Oihers. 

MESSRS.  E.  MARVIN  and  SONS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION  as  above,  at  ii  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, the  valuable  collecii  n  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS.  PALMS,  FERNS.  RARE  ORCHIDS,  &c.,  late 
the  property  of  Lady  Grey,  deceased,  without  reserve. 

Catalogues  td.  e:ich.  of  the  ,-\uctioneers.  On  view  the  day 
previous.- Auction  Offices.  9,  Union  Sireet,  Ryde. 

Fontamman,  near  Ammanford,  Carmarthenslilre. 

IMPORTANT  and  UNRKSERVED  SALE  of  Rare  and 
Valuable  FLOWERS,  FERNS.  PLANTS,  GARDEN 
REQUISITES,  &c. 

MK.  W.  N.  JONES  has  been  favoured  with 
instructions  Irom  Mrs.  Morris  (who  is  leaving  Pontam- 
man).  to  SELL  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  July  is.  at  half-past  i  o'clock  precisely, 
the  whole  of  her  Valuable  and  Choice  Colleciion  of 

FLOWERS,  FERNS,  PLANTS,  &c., 
comprising  Camellias,  Palms,  Rlaidenhair  and  other  Ferns, 
Show  and  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  Amaryllis,  Daphnes,  Begonias, 
Abutilons,  Fuchsias,  Azaleas,  Corcnillas,  Chrysanthemums, 
Cinerarias,  Cyclamen,  Petunias,  Gloxinias,  Primulas,  Calceo- 
larias, Lobelias.  &c  ;  together  with  the  whole  of  the  Garden 
Seats,  Tools  antl  Requisites,  Lawn  Tennis  and  Crcquet  Sets. 

The  whole  of  which  will  be  fully  described  in  Catalogues,  to 
be  had  from  the  Auctioneer.  Tirydail,  Ammanford,  one  week 
prior  to  Sale.  Pontamman  is  distant  from  Ammanford  Railway 
Station  J^  mile,  and  Irom  DulTryn  i  mile.   Credit  on  conditions. 

Auctioneer's  Offices,  Ammanford,  Llandilo,  and  Cwmamman. 


Tuesday  Next. 
ESTABLISHED  and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their 
Central  Sale  Rooms,  6/  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.C  ,  on 
TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  r4,  at  half-past  12  o'Clnck  precisely, 
a  large  consignment  of  MEXICAN  ORCHIDS,  received 
direct  through  a  Gentleman  in  Liverpool,  to  be  sold,  without 
reserve,  consisting  of  splendid  masses  of  Catlleya  citrina,  Lielia 
anceps,  Epidendrums,  Chysis  bractcscens,  Lycaste  aromatica, 
L.  Depnei,  and  others  ;  also  two  small  collections  of  ESTAB- 
LISHED ORCHIDS  from  private  Gentlemen  who  are  giving 
up  their  cultivation,  amongst  which  will  be  found  several  fine 
pieces  of  Aerides,  Dendrobiums,  Oncidiums.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Eltbam  Park,  Elttiam,  Kent. 

IMPORTANT  UNRESERVED  SALE  of  a  valuable  COL- 
LECTION of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
ORCHIDS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  Irom  the  Executors  of 
the  late  Thomas  Jackson,  Esq..  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on 
the  Premises.  Eltham  Park  (fifteen  minutes'  walk  from  Ehham 
Railway  Station),  on  THURSDAY.  July  i6,  at  12  oClock  pre- 
cisely, a  valuable  Collectioa  of  well-Rrown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  many  fine  specimens, 
consisting  of  several  fine  Camellias  and  Azaleas,  Greenhouse 
Rhododendrons,  splendid  examples  of  Euchans,  Drac:enas, 
Crotons,  Cycas  revoiuta,  Anihuriums,  Palms,  Ferns  ■  an  assort- 
ment of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  amongst  which  are 
several  large  examples  including  Periiteria  elata,  Dendro- 
chitum  filiforme,  Aerides.  and  Dendrobiums  in  variety,  Cattleya 
Skinneri  andC.  speriosissima.Vanda  tricolor  and  V.iosignis,  &.c. 
May  be  viewed  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  of 
Mr.  WAKELIN,  the  Head  Gardener,  on  the  Premises,  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Estate  Agents,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 


Friday  Next.— New  Orcliida 

ANGR/ECUM  LEONI»  a  magnificent  novelty,  for  the  Catt- 

"      ""UM   ^LUl  i.1  AINU M.  rare  and  stnKine. 

rith 

ANGR/ECUM  ROSTELLARE.  Pogonia  Barklyana,  Eulo- 
pliia  raegistopliylla. 

EULOPHIA  PULCHRA,  LISSOCHILUS  STYLOSUS, 
L.  JULAX,  &c 

ANGR.'ECUM  LEONI.— This  is  a  most  wonderful  novelty, 
and,  next  to  Vanda  Sanderiana,  we  consider  it  the  finest 
Orchid  we  have  bad  the  pleasure  to  offer.  It  was  dis- 
covered and  collected  by  Mr.  Leon  Humblot  in  the 
Comoro  Islands,  growing  at  an  altitude  of  5000  feet.  It 
should  be  grown  in  the  Cattleya  or  the  Dendrobium  house, 
and  it  will  be  a  plant  cf  very  easy  culture  ;  the  plants, 
although  only  just  imported,  are  beginning  to  grow. 

ANGK.'ECUM  LtONI  is  a  serious  rival  to  A.  sesquipedale, 
surpassing  it,  we  consider,  not  only  in  its  extraordinary  and 
very  beautiful  form,  but  in  its  adaptability  to  the  Cattieya- 
house,  its  cool  habit,  and  great  florifcrousness,  some  of  the 
plants  actually  showing  up  to  fifteen  flower-spikes,  and 
each  bearing  six  to  ten  of  the  large  pure  white  flowers. 

Our  Woodcut  gives  the  exact  size  of  the  plant.  The 
leaves  are  fleshy,  and  are  quite  a  remarkable  feature,  stand- 
ing boldly  sideways,  and  are  so  arranged  as  to  form  a  per- 
fect halt  circle,  in  front  of  which  the  flower-spikes  arrange 
themselves  ;  altogether  it  is  a  remarkable  and  grand  thing, 
and  nothmg  like  it  is  in  cultivation. 

Professor  Dr.  Reichenbach  says  in  his  description  :-- 
"  The  flowers  may  be  well  compared  to  Angraecum  sesqui- 
pedale—a  veiy  stately  thing,  taking  little  space,  bearing 
great  flowers.  Is  not  this  sufficient  to  make  beat  a  col- 
lector's heart  with  satisfaction  ?" 

The  importation  is  simply  grand,  and  every  plant  in 
extra  condition.     See  Flowers  and  Woodcut. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL 
the  above  and  other  very  valuable  ORCHIDS  tn  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  July  17,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  at  their 
Genual  Sile  Roan  s,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchlds.-Speclal  Sale. 
ESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

beg  to  announce  that  their  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHID^,  m  Flower  and  in  Bud.  will  take  place  on 
TUESDAY,  July  2S,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  receive 
Notice  of  Entries  as  early  as  possible. 


Farnborough.-tSaie  No.  6212 ) 

Five  minutes  from  Aldershot  Camp  Railway  Station. 
Re  Edward  Smith,  deceased. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  with  Possession,  the  NORTH 
CAMP  NURSERY,  nearly  17  Acres,  with  Dwelling- 
house.  Stable,  Cart-shed,  and  Greenhouse  standing  thereon. 
May  be  earned  on  as  a  Nursery  or  a  Maiket  Garden  ;  but  the 
Estate  having  200J  feet  available  frontage  will  ultimately  be 
valuable  for  building.     Price  jC'400. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

FOR    SALE,    a  FLORIST'S    BUSINESS. 
Good    poviiion.       Buckingham   Palace    Road.       Lease, 
Q-:i  years.     Applv  10 

Mr.  THORPE,  17A,  Alllngton  Street,  S.W.     . 


M 


F 


OR  SALE,  a  SEED  BUSINESS.     Small 

but  old-established  and  compact,      jfiaoo  for  Stock.  Kix- 
aoti  Goodwill.     In  country  place.     Would  suit  delicate 


Norwich, 

2  miles  from,  and   i  mile  from  a  Railway  Station  on  Mam  Line. 

'PO    LET,   with   possession   at     Michaelmas 

J-  next,  a  productive  MARKET  GARDEN  and 
ORCHARD  of  about  5  Acres,  on  which  are  four  long  Glass- 
houses heated  with  Hot-water  Apparatus  on  the  newest  principle. 
Also  a  comfortable  Dwelling-house,  Stables,  Barns,  Cowhcuses, 
Piggeries,  and  other  Outbuildings.  Excellent  water  supply. 
A  good  business  now  being  carried  on. 

Apply  to  L'LiJWES  AND  NASH,  Auctioneers  and  Estate 
Agents,  Bank  Clumbers,  Norwich. 


To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTVKE  (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  o(  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.     Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat.    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.    Established  1854. 


YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.  Price  ts. 
BARK  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

Ferns.— Fems.-Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADp;    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM,  A.  STRICTUM,  LOMARIA  GIBBA. 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA,  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  2or.  per  100,  C^  per  1000. 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  loi.  per  100. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.  fine  plants,  in  4'^  and  5-inch 
pots,  4or.  and  505.  per  loo. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BtiDDHNBORG  Bros.),  begs  to  iufotm  his  numcrous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  for  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  :  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  protection  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTSofhis  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  free  on  demand. 


By  Special  Warrant. 

"Superb  SEEDS  for  PRESENT  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  Strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
Ii.  a  ,  3s.  6d.,  3i.  6i.,  and  5^.  each.  Double  German  WALL- 
FLOWER, superb  strain,  15.  pei  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
Dark  Blood-red  WALLFLOWER,  6J.  and  ts.  oer  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "Spring  Gardening." 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  tor  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  and  Post  free.  Seeds  and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Desciiptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     and     SONS, 

108,    EASTGATE    STREET,    CHESTER. 

SSHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect 
•  House.  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  following, 
of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  !  PRIMULAS  !  I  PRIMULAS  !  !  !-Grand 
premier  pri2e  strain  of  the  finest  new  colouis,  as  White,  Carmine, 
Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  ;  fine  large  trusses  and 
beautifully  fringed  flowers.  Strong  plants,  to  bloom  well, 
ij.  3</.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  is.  6J.,  all  free. 

CINERARIAS!  CINERARIAS!!  CINERARIAS!!! 
— Bull's  celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf  compact  habit,  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
IJ.  3t/.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  is.  td.,  all  free. 

CYCLAMEN  !  CYCLAMEN  !  !  CYCLAMEN  GIGAN- 
TEUM  I  !!— Grand  prize  strain,  warranted.  All  the  finest  new 
colours.     IS   6d.,  free  :  extra  strong,  25.,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist.  Prospect  House,  Belper, 
Derbyshire. 

To  the  Trade  only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nursevmen, 
•  Seedsmen,  and  Flokists,  Haarlem.  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No.  379A)  of  Dutch  Flower  Roots  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  1  uberous-rooted  Plants  for  1885-86,  is 
nowready.  and  may  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  N  ursery* 
men.  Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extt  act  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
8vo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specially.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
are  considerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  inferior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  published. 

ROSES. 


The  Largest  Rose  Nurseries  in  the  World, 

A  visit  is  respectfully  invited.  No  descrip- 
tion can  convey  the  slightest  idea  of  the 
magnificent  stock  now  in  flower.  They  will 
continue  in  their  beauty  until  October. 

Descriptive  Catatonic  sent  post-free  on  application. 


CRANSTON'S   NURSERY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

KING'S    ACRE,   HEREFORD. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 
Busli  HIU  Park  Nursery,  Enfleld,  N. 

At  the  ab3ve-Damed  Nurseries  are  cultivated,  in  unusually 
large  quantities.  Azaleas.  Bouvardias,  Camellias,  Climbing 
Plants.  Cyclamen,  Epacris,  Ericas,  Ferns,  Ficus,  Flowering 
and  Decorative  Planu  in  variety  ;  Fruit  Trees,  Gardenias, 
Genistas,  Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety :  Palms, 
Pelargoniums.  Rhododendrons,   Roses,   Shrubs,   Stove  Plants 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY.— The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

The  glass  structures  cover  an  area  of  upwards  of  236,000 
superficial  feet. 

HUGH    LOW    <a    CO. 


NEW     GREENHOUSE     FERN. 

ADIANTUM     NEO-CALEDONIiE. 


This  most  beautiful  Fern,  of  which  illustration  and  description 
may  be  had  on  application,  is  now  being  sent  out  by  us.  It  has 
been  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  at  South  Kensington  ;  a  Certificatk 
of  Merit  by  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  at  Regent's  Park  ;  and 
a  FiRST-CLASs  Certificate  by  the  Royal  Manchester  Horti- 
cultural  Society.  It  is  of  easy  cultivation,  of  free  growth,  and 
is  undoubtedly  a  great  acquisition.     Price  lor.  td.  each. 

W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 
FERN   NURSERY.   SALE,   MANCHESTER. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883. 

N(/w  being  sent  out  at  ys.  6d.   and  10s.  6d.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 


July  ii,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


35 


SUTTON'S    SEEDS 


PRESENT  SOWING. 

POST-FREE. 

CABBAGE. 

Sutton's  Flower  of  SpriDg     ..  ..     per  packet 

Wheeler's  Imperial per  ounce 

Ellam's  Eirly  Dwarf „ 

ONION.  " 

Giant  Rocca per  ounce 

Sutton's  Giant  Blood- Red  Rocca    .. 

The  Queen         ..          ..          ..          ,.  per  packet 

Globe  Tripoli    ..          ..          .,          ..  per  ounce 

LETTUCE. 

Sutton's  Improved  Black -seeded  Bith  Coi  peroz. 
London  Hardy  While  Cos.  .. 

!-tanstead  Park  Cabbage „ 

Hammersoiith  Hardy  Green  Cabbage      ..       ,, 


Prict-!  andjull  particular;  of  other  Seeds  for  preu-i, 
sowing  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post-free,  on  af plication. 


"kkitn^o 


(m 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M  the  Queen 

and  H.R.H.  tue  Prince  of  Wales, 

BEADING. 


The  Livepool 
Horticultural   Co. 

(John  Cowan),  Limited, 

GRAPE  VINES.o-^'^-g-^hicSrt^ 

never  been  surpassed,  if  indeed 
equalled.  Intending  purchasers 
are  requested  to  come  and  see 
them  during  the  growing  sea- 
son. The  Black  Hamburghs 
for  fruiting  in  Pots  are  especially 
fine,  and  the  entire  stock  are 
from  eyes  this  season.  Planting 
Canes,  51,  and  -js.  6d.  each  ; 
Fruiting   Canes,    loi.    ed.    and 


TEA    ROSES 

MANURE, 
ORCHIDS 


Circulars  with  kuu.  Pa 
Special  P,ic, 

THE  VINEYARD^ 

GARSTON, 


,  6d. 

The  Company  have  a  very 
large  stock  of  TEA  and  NOI- 
'  SETTE  ROSES,  comprising 
all  the  leading  varieties.  The 
plants  ate  healthy  and  in  good 
condition  for  sending  out.  12S  , 
iSs.,  and  24^.  per  dozen. 


COWAN'S  VINE 
PLANT  MANURE.  1 
too  well  known  to  need  r 
mendation.     i3r.  per  cwt 


and 


arge 


;ed  ORCHIDS, 
Jition,  and  they  are  constantly 
■eceivmg  fresh  importations 
'rom  various  parts  of  the  world. 

nCULARS    ON    APPI.ICATIU.V. 

lo  tite  Trade. 


and  NURSERIES, 

LIVERPOOL. 


^&^cme  arid  <^e. 


THE  HOME  OF  FLOWERS.- Just  now  it 
is  a  magnificent  sight,  probably  the  most  complete  lloral 
disolayever  seen  in  one  establishment.  ROSES.  BEGONIAS, 
FUCHSIAS,  PELARGONIUMS.  BALSAMS,  VIOLAS 
CARNATIONS,  PICOTEES,  HARDY  PLANTS,  AN- 
NUALS,  and  numerous  other  plants  are  now  in  their  full 
beauty,  and  once  seen  never  to  be  forgotten.  The  Garden, 
March  7,  says  :— "  No  matter  at  what  season  one  visits  the 
'  Home  of  Flowers.'  whether  in  the  dead  of  winter  or  height  of 
summer,  one  is  sure  to  be  treated  to  a  rare  sight  of  some  kind 
ot  flower  just  in  the  height  of  perfection  " 

Ai.i.  Lovers  of  Flowers  are  Cordially  Invited. 

Entrance  from  tlie  Station. 

SEND    FOR    A    CATALOGUE. 

'\^.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


T4ic-i+oKr.i'-^^^-FW£Rei 


pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE.— Best 

>->'  and  fresh  only,  11,  per  bag  ;  ts  bags,  taj.  :  30  bags. 
221  ,  sent  to  all  parts  T  trucks,  13J..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM.— A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Mary  Am,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4</.  per  bushel ;   roo  for  iji  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
405.  :  4-bushel  bag^,  .d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  si.  6d.  per  sack  ; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  411'.  each, 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5J.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  :  sacks. 
\d.  each, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND.  ts.  9/.  per  bushel;  rsi.  per  half 
ton,  26J,  per  ton  in  2-bushel  baes,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  tj   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  td.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSMA  MATS.  &c.  Write,  for 
Pt€e  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH.  2r,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
DVury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 


12-oz.  Sample  Paclsets.  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  qiialitjr  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  .£6  6ivper  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  rsj. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  51.  ;  5  Bags,  -its.  (,d.  ;  10  Bags, 
4jS.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  toi- 6,/.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  peJ  Truck  01  4  Tont. 
WALKER  AND  CO-.  Farnborough  Station.  Hams. 


/^^ENUliNE    GARDEN    R^OUISITES,  as 

V-'  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens.— Fre7h  Cocoa-Nut  Fibre 
Refuse,  4  bushel  bags,  is.  each  ;  30  for  25s.— bags  inclu'^ed. 
Two- Ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail,  251.  Best  Brown  Fibrous  Kent 
Peat,  5s.  per  sack  ;  5  for  22s.  6d.  :  10  for  351,  ;  so  for  60s.  Best 
Black  Fibrous  Peat,  41.  6tt.  psr  sack  ;  5  for  !os.  ;  to  for  3es. 
Coarse  Bedford  Sand.  is.  6d.  per  bushel  :  T4S.  per  U  ton  :  25s. 
per  ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER,  lo't.  per  lb.  ; 
23  lb.,  2ts.  :  cwt..  70s.  Second  quality,  yd.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb..  16s 
Finest  Tobacco  Cloth,  8d.  per  lb  ;  23  lb.  for  18s.  Leaf-mould, 
55.  per  sack.  Peat  Mould,  4s.  p.r  sack.  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam, 
3s.  per  sack.  Charcoal,  21.  6d.  per  bushel.  Bones.  Guano, 
Sphagnum,  &c.  LIST  free.  Special  prices  to  the  Trade  for 
cash.  W.  HERBERT  AND  CO., 

Hop  Exchange  Warehouses,    Southwark   Street,  S.E. 
(near  London  Bridge,'. 

Notice. 
pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE   REFUSE:    newly 

V--'  made.— Truck-load  of  2  tons,  20s.  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14s.;  forty.  25J,,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.-J.  STEVENS  and  CO..  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
•'Greyhound  Yard,"  and  i5:t,  High  Street,  Batttrsea.  S.W. 


"PPPS'S  SELECTED  PEAT.— Forty  sacks, 

-Li  2S.  6d.  per  sack  ;  30  ditto.  2s.  qJ.  ;  20  ditto.  31.  6d.  ; 
10  ditto,  4J.  6d. ;  sacks.  6d.  each.  In  tiucks  of  14  cubic  yards, 
Its.  per  yard.  For  Rhododendrons  and  common  purposes, 
i5.r.  per  ton,  not  less  than  four  tons  ;  sample  sack,  7S.  6d. 

LOAM,  SAND.  LEAF-MOULD,  SPHAGNUM,  &c. 
See    Special    List,   also    for    the   Trade.       Ringwood,    Hants. 

NORWECIANFISH^OTASH 

GUANOS. 

Composed  of  Pure  Flesh  and  Bone  of  Cod  and 
Herrinc;  and  Refined  Potash. 

A  Perfect  Fertiliser  for  Garden  and  Greenhouse, 

Lawns  and  Tennis   Courts,  Vegetables, 

Flowers,  E.xotics  and  Fruit  Trees. 

Prices,  carriage  paid,  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order  : 

28  lb.,  63.  6d. ;  66  lb.,  10s.  6d. ;  I'l  cwt.,  203  ;  2  cwt, 

303  :  6  cwt ,  60s.    Bags  free. 

Larger  Quanlities  at  Special  Prices,  for  which,  and  for 
Analysis,  i^'cc.  apply  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 

lo,  ST.  HELEN'S  PLACE,  LONDON,  E.C. 

MaBufactory— 

BRETTESN^S.  LOFFOTEN  ISLANDS.  NORWAY. 


YOU   CAN   IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARASITEii  timt  infest  Trees  and  Plants 

fu-hel)u;-  at  tlie  ruuU  or  on  llic  fohmjej  by  using 

FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  (i^°^ifit) 

firppn  Flu         '  From     Garden,    Grefnhouse,    ..      ,     r, 
m    T  c  1  Orchard,  or  Vinen-;  these  and    ''""''''  ^"S 

Black  l-ly  J3i[  i„sg(.t   p£s(j   „,,(,  speedily,  Thrip 

Woolly  Aphis  J  cleared  by  the  use  of  Fir  Tree    Red  Spider 
Grubs  Oil.     Effectual,    Economical, ;  Caterpillars 

Anfc  5  J^nd  Safe.    It  does  not  iniure    ...,  . 

"   '^  I  Flowers,  Foliage,  or  the  bloom  ,  "^ '  '''<=" 

worms  ;  on  Grapes,  Stone  Fruit,  &c.      >  Scale,  &c. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  destroys  Lice  ami  Fleas  on  Animals;  it 
will  cure  liiiii/worm  and  all  Slciii  Diseases  produced  hij 
rorasilcs,  and  is  pcrfecthj  liarmlea  to  the  Bands  S;  Skin. 
Sold  by  Sced.smen  nnd  Chemists.  1  'fi,  2/6,  and  4/G  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  ;!1,  extra,  reifrillon  rj  i'..  nr  less  in  larger  quiintities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL.  as  an  INSECTICIDE,  Its 
application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  of  address,    by  the  Manufacturer 

E,  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES.  Manchester, 

Wh..l..val,,:-|l(H-.ri,R  ,\-ri) :l!Y,  SOBER,  FOWLER 

K,  (1SM.\.\  A:  III,;  :i„d  from  all  the  London 


A      GREAT      SUCCESS. 

JEYES' 

GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fhiid,  diluted  with  water  according  to 
directions,  and  appHed  with  an  ordinary  watering-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  ou  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price,  35.  6d.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40-galIon  Casks, 
£4  lof.     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'    SANITARY   COMPOUNDS    CO.    (Limited),' 

43,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  ai  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  ihe  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3J.,  and  iqs.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on  ' 
wet     ground.       Boxes,    ed.    and    u ,     from  the    Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pbi^e  Mebals. 
Quality,  THE  BE3T  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  tibrous    ..   41.  6a.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..    ^s.  6d.  ,,  5  sacks  lor  rsr. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   51.  6i. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     \ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  ( 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     ( 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3rf.  per  bush.,  rjj.  half  ton,  jzj.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only tj.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     S./.  lb.,  aS  lb.  i8f. 

TOBACCO  PAPER      •,.         (Sfecialile)    Sa'.  lb.,  28  lb,  rSi. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     ss.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2t.  per  bush.,  6i.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubbs  special  process), 
sacks,  ts.  each  ;  ro  sacks,  g^,  ;  is  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  : 
30  sacks,  25;  ;  40  sacks,  30J.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25^.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDOK,   E. 


SILVER  SAND,  excellent  coarse,  ys.  and 
ar.  perron.  PEAT,  excellent.  6s  ,  81.  and  201.  per  cubic 
yard.  LOAM,  excellent,  ros.  and  t2s.  per  cubic  yard.  Free  on 
rail  by  truckloads.     In  sacks  at  moderate  prices. 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 

rT  holliday, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKER, 

GARDEN  IMPLEMENT  MAKER. 

SWING       WATER       BARROWS. 


For  GARDEN  and  CONSERVATORY  WIRE  WORK, 

see  Illustrated  CaUlogue. 

R.      HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE  WORKER, 
Tlie  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


36 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY    II,    l8 


B.     S.     WILLIAMS 

Being  at  present  rc'THpied  in  harvesting  thi 

crop  nf  S  -erl  of  his  ^^    ^. 

UnrlvalledCollectloiiof  Amaryllis.  ^^ <C'  ^ 

"     ^      ^!^hou^ibe^own  ^  ^,  ^ 

ned.  hi  h3«;  decided  to    ^y^  ^^^   kir.ds,  which 

The  seed  ^^ .  ^  ^-^  ''^^^  *^^*"  '^^''^' 
has  been  saved  ^^  ^  ^  j^  fully  hybddised.  and 
from  all  the        ^^  \      ^■''"'^^     purchasers  may  expect 

6i^.  per  packet. 

\^^^^victorla  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 

UPPER     HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 


FERNS   A  SPECIALTY. 

Hundreds  of  Thousands  of 

FERNS    AND    SELAGINELLAS, 

for  Sieve  and  Greei.liunse  Cullivation,  and  ( )uldoor  Ferntriei. 

ABRIDGED       CATALOGUE 

of  over  I200  Species  and  Varieties  free  on  application. 

LARGE  CATALOGUE  (price  Is.),  containing  75  Illuara- 

"    aginellas,    valuable    "  Hints   on    fern 


W.     &    J.     BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN  NURSERY.    SALE.    MANCHESTER. 


R      O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  iSj.  to  36J.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  applicalion. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 
-  -  ■'-^        PUTBUSH^S      MILL- 

^,     V-^      TRACK      MUSHROOVl 
^,    SPAW  N.-Too  well  known  to  require 
description.         Price    6r.     per    bnjhel 
(tj  extra  per  bushel   for  package),  or 
bd  per  cajte;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  ir. 
None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed    cultural  directi.ms 
enclosed,  wiih  our  siiinature  attaclied 
W\I.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 
nd     Seed 


"jX        \%^^,^       (limited),      Nu 
^if-~<1^^"-^    M.rch.nts.  Hi,.| 


:  Nur. 


.  N. 


D   A    N    I    E    L   S' 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 

Gl.XNT    EARLY    M.\KRO\\'. 
The  Best  Early  Cabliagc  for  General  Use. 

Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FREE ; 
73.  64.  per  pound ;   43.    per   half-pound 


Ttitiiiionial  /r,^i 

>    Mr.   J.    M.    Clbmme 

NS,   East  End, 

X<:mQuay.—-\\c 

have  giownl  our     Del 

ance'  Cabbage 

fur   EIGHT    YEARS    > 

iih   various  other  son 

,  as  a  test,  and 

always   lind    your 

■  Defiance  '    he.)ts   all. 

being    tarlie', 

er  shape  and  flivour." 

ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS'  GOLDES  ROCCA,  per  packet,  is.  td. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  ROCOA,  11.  per  ounce,  Ci.  per  pound. 
Priced  Dcicifltve  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Seeds  for  pment 
smiling,  gratis  and  post-free  to  alt  applicants. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

SEED    GROWERS    and    MERCHANT.* 
NORWICH. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF  FRUIT  TREES  ANQ   ROSES. 


THOMAS  RIVERS  &  SON 

Invite  those  interested  in  the  above  to  visit  their  establishment.  The  Fruit  Houses  for  the 
growth  of  PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  GRAPES,  CHERRIES,  FIGS,  ORANGES,  &c,,  are 
now  full  of  Fruit  in  various  stages,  and  will  continue  to  be  of  great  interest  until  the  end  of  September. 

Many  thousands  of  PYRAMID,  BUSH,  and  CORDON  TREES  are  Grown  and  Fruited 
out-of-doors.  A  large  stock  of  the  best  ROSES  will  be  in  flower.  Full  information  will  be  given 
of  our  various  methods  of  cultivation. 

The  A'urseries  are  nlux'e  bettvcen  the  Harlow  and  Sa-xbridgeivorth  Stations,  Great  Eastetn 
Rat. way,  each  i   nii'e  distant,  and  conveyances  may  be  lei tired. 


S  A  W  B  R  I  D  G  E  W  O  R  T  H, 


HERTS. 


BOULTON     &     PAUL, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS    AND    HEATING    ENGINEERS, 

NORWICH. 


CONSERVATORIES,    ORCHID    HOUSES, 

VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES,  &c.,       [l^Z'^^tl^'^ 

Dcsij;ned  in  appropriate  sty.'e  to  si/it  any  position 
requirements,  with   Curved  or  Straii^hl 
Glass  as  required. 


t. 


^y  ^_ 


^  --LJT 


1  //r 


A 


.%U±l^.^^l]J^'\^Vr.r>\t 


ESTIMATES  and  LISTS  Post-free.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 


EOYAL  AGEICULTUIliL   SHOW,    PRESTOI. 

STAND,    No.  341. 


FOSTER   &    PEARSON, 

BEESTON,  NOTTS, 

HOTHOUSES,    FRAMES,    BOILERS, 
VALVES. 


EOYAL  AGEICTFLTUEAL   SHOW,    PEESTOI. 


July  ii,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


37 


Appointed  by  Royal  Warrant  Makers  to 

Her  MaJeBiy  the  Queen  and  His  Royal  Hlgbness  tbe 

Prince  of  Wales. 


GREEN'S 

PATENT 

"  Silens  Messor"  and  "  Multum  in  Parvo" 

LAWN  MOWERS 

Have  been  proved  to  be  the  bc^^t,  and  they  have  carried  ofT  every 
Prize  in  all  cases  of  compttition. 

Every  Lawn  Mower  is  guaranteed  to  give  entire  satisfaction, 
otherwise  they  may  be  returned  AT  ONCE,  free  of  cost  to  the 
Purchaser, 


HAND    MACHINES, 

"Sllena  Messor  '  Pattern- 


For  Donkey,  Pony  and  H' 


To  cut  iS  in  wile 

To  cut  so  in  wide 

I  To  cut  -2  in  wide 

ide         jCq    °  o 


,  see  Price  List. 
GREEN'S   PATENT 
MULTUM  IN  PARVO ' 
MOWER. 

Suitable  for  Small  Grass  Plats. 
A  most  useful  Machine 
Prices,  with  Grass  Box 


f         i\        I,     5lr  I     1,  wril    ,d    ptf  1 

ling    borders     verges    round    H  wer 
^c      It  IS  a  most  handy,  serviceable 

GREEN'S  PATENT 
GRASS    EDGE    CLIPPER. 

With  Chain  and  Wheel  Motion. 
A  most  useful  Machine. 

Price,  £1  163. 
Packing  Case,  2j. 


GREEN'S    PATENT 

(No.  2,12) 

LAWN     TENNIS 

COURT    MARKER. 

Price  20b. 

Small  Bag  of  Marking  Compo' 
lion,  Mat,  and  Packing, 


Price  List  free  on  application. 

The  above  Machines  can  be  had  nf  all  respectable  Iron- 
mongers and  Seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom,  or  direct  from 
the  Manufacturers, 

THOMAS  GBEBN  &  SON 

(LIMITED). 

SMITHFIELD  IRONWORKS,  LEEDS;  and 

SURREY  WORKS,  BLACKFRIARS  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.E. 

Carriage  paid  to  all  the  Principal  Railway  Stations  in 

the  United  Kingdom. 


ORCHID    EXHIBITION. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights  in  Lordon. 

o 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID 

EXHIBITION  is  now  Open,  and  will  continue  on  view 
every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  lo 
to  s  o'clock,  throughout  JULY,  to  Patrons  of  ihe  Estab- 
mtiit  and  those  having  received  Cards  of  Invitation. 

EsBblishment  for  New  am 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W 


and  Rare  Plants,  530,    King's 


QRCHIDS.— "Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 

ORCHIDS.  —  Specimens  in  flower  from 
Brazil.  Colombia,  Mexico,  Eucador,  Madagascar. 

ORCHIDS.  —  Specimens  in  Flower  from 
Central  America.  Peru,  Biirmah,  Borneo,  atd  various 
other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipe^go. 

ORCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  EXHI- 
BITION Op-n  to  Ihe  Public  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  ro  to  5  o'clock,  throueh- 
oulJULY.     Admission  each  d,iy,2j.6k 

ORCHIDS. -The   EXHIBITION    at    Mr. 

vy  WiLLMM  Bull's  is  quite  astonishing  and  enchanting  ; 
many  beautiful  kinds  new  to  Scienceand  this  country  in 
blossom.  The  Exhibition  is  not  only  unparalleled  in 
connection  with  Horticulture  and  Botanical  Science,  but 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  sichts  in  London. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rate  Plants,  S3'i,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


RCHIDS.— Private  View  every  TUESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY  throughout  JULY,  to 
Patrons  of  the  Establishment  and  those  having  received 
Cards  of  Invitation. 


RCHIDS.— ThischarmingExhibition  baffles 

description  and  defies  exacgeration.— Mr.  William 
Bull's  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  s^5. 
King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


NEW  PLANTS  FOR  1885. 


IE.  WI.  BULL'S 
NEW  CATALOGUE  FOR  1885, 

PRICE,    ONE    SHILLING, 


ARDISIA  PICTA. 
ARIS/EMA  FIMBRIATUM. 
BEGONIA  ALBO-PICTA. 

bignonia  regalis. 
camoensia  maxima, 
clerodendron  delectum. 
crinum  sanderianum. 
curculigo  densa. 
dich/ea  vaginata. 
drac.'ena  excellens. 
erythrina  vespertilio. 
govenia  deliciosa. 
heliotropium  incanum. 
hemigraphis  colorata. 
ixora  eminens. 

,,     GEMMA. 
MARANTA  CONSPICUA. 
NEPENTHES  RAFFLESIANA  INSIGNE. 
ODONTOGL03SUM  VEXILLARIUM  INSIGNE. 
PHILODENDRON  NOBILE. 
PINANGA  SANDERIANA. 
SCHISMATOGLOTTIS  SIAMENSIS. 
STYRAX  CALIFORNICA. 
Also  New  FUCHSIAS,  New  GLOXINIAS,  New  PELAR- 
GONIUMS,  &c. 


Now  Published. 

EW    PLANTS.— Mr.    William    Bull's 

New   Illustrated   PLANT   CATALOGUE   for  188;  is 
now  ready.     Price  ri. 


EW  PLANTS.— Vide  Illustrations  in  Mr. 

\M  Bull's  Catalogue  for  1885.     Price  is. 

EW   PLANTS.— See   Description   in   Mr. 

ui  Bull's  New  Catalogue  for  t885.     Price  is. 


MR,  WILLIAM  BULL, 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants, 

536,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.'W. 


danlenerf)^  (Jlliri}mrk, 


SATURDAY,   JULY    ii,    i8 


TRING     PARK. 

MR.  DISRAELI  was  never  tired  of  assert- 
ing—as he  did  most  effectively  in  his 
famous  chapter  on  the  Jews,  in  \\\tt  Life  oj  Lcrd 
George  Bentinck^\\\e.  genius  and  influence  of 
the  chosen  race,  scattered  though  they  be.  It 
is  interesting  to  i-eflect  that  Isaac  Disraeli's 
place  of  residence  and  final  rest  was  at  Braden- 
ham,  and  Lord  Beaconsfield's  after  forty  years' 
residence  and  ownership,  at  Hughenden,  in  the 
same  county  of  Bucks  where  the  chiefs  of  the 
house  of  Rothschild,  after  the  two  Disraelis,  set 
up  their  roof-trees.  All,  in  fact,  of  that  great 
house  who  were  resident  in  England, 
save  the  late  Baron  Lionel  de  Rothschild,  of 
Gunnersbury,  settled  in  or  near  the  Vale  of 
Aylesbury,  and  within  or  on  the  confines  of 
Buckinghamshire.  Faithful  cohesion  among 
kindred  implies  that  they  possess  virtues  of  no 
common  order  and  much  considerate  charity, 
and  therefore  it  is  pleasing  to" record  that  five 
members  of  a  most  united  family,  respected  by 
all,  reside  in  close  proximity.  It  is  sometimes 
said,  in  such  cases,  that  neighbours  may  remain 
very  good  friends  provided  they  see  as  little  of 
each  other  as  possible.  But  the  "satirical 
knave"  who  said  that  was  not  describing  the 
Rothschilds. 

From  the  leads  of  Mentmore  Towers,  for- 
merly the  residence  of  the  late  Baron  Meyer  de 
Rothschild,  now  that  of  Lord  Rosebery,  the 
husband  of  his  only  child,  most  of  the  seats  I 
have  referred  to  are  actually  visible.  They  are 
Waddesdon  (see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1885, 
xxiii.,  p.  820),  the  princely  place  of  Baron  Ferdi- 
nand ;  Halton,  where  Mr.  Alfred  has  laid  out 
a  mint  of  money  in  house  and  gardens  ;  Ascott, 
near  Leighton  Buzzard,  where  Mr.  Leopold 
resides,  and  keeps  the  staghounds  and  manages 
the  racing  stud  which  was  formerly  at  Ment- 
more ;  Aston  Clinton,  owned  by  the  late  Sir 
Anthony,  from  whom  Sir  Nathaniel  inherited 
his  baronetcy,  and  still  occupied  by  his  widow  ; 
and,  finally,  Tring  Park,  the  residence  of  Ihe 
head  of  the  family,  Sir  Nathaniel,  whom  we 
must  now  call  Lord  Rothschild.  Tring  Park  is 
just  within  the  borders  of  Herts,  and  it  comes 
last,  and  is  the  least  on  this  list  of  the  country 
seats  of  the  Rothschilds.  The  head  of  the  firm 
and  family  has  not  yet  cared  to  encumber  him- 
self with  the  greatest  nuisance  that  any  man 
has  ever  yet  invented  for  his  own  discomfort — 
a  tremendous  house.  He  has  lived  for  years  in 
an  unpretentious  mansion,  well  situated  for  him 
in  a  delightful  part,  one  hour  from  Euston 
Square,  and  of  comparatively  moderate  size. 
There  are  signs,  however,  that  Aladdin  has 
rubbed  his  lamp  and  bid  the  genie  enlarge  his 
dwelling,  for  a  new  house  is  manifestly  growing 
and  the  old  one  is  being  absorbed.  Handsome 
new  stables  have  been  already  built,  and  other 
improvements  are  in  progress,  especially  in 
those  departments  which  Mr.  Hill,  the  head 
gardener,  presides  over  with  so  much  skill. 

The  Park  and  home  woods,  which  are  all 
"kept"  and  under  Mr.  Hill's  control,  contain 
300  acres,  beautiful  undulating  acres,  close  to 


38 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  ii,  i8 


the  town  of  Tring.  You  turn  out  of  the  street 
of  Tring  by  a  very  modest  entrance,  and  follow 
a  carriage-drive  uphill  and  among  trees,  every- 
thing looking  very  snug,  and  very  much  in  the 
style  of  a  local  banker,  or  of  a  brewer  who  has 
prospered,  or  even  of  a  country  squire,  till  pre- 
sently you  pass  the  stables,  and  arrive  at  the 
rear  of  a  house. 

"  Good  gracious  ! "  you  exclaim,  "why,  if  a 
brewer  lives  here,  he  must  own  something  better 
than  public-houses— to  wit,  a  mind  of  marked 
refinement.  See  what  improvements  are  going 
on  ? "  One  would  know  tnerely  by  those  fine- 
leaved  Ivies  covering  a  new  wall,  with  Golden 
Queen  auriferous  among  them,  that  some  one 
out  of  the  common  order  must  be  in  residence 
here  with  appreciative  landscape  gardening 
eyes.  A  broad  new  carriage  drive  leads  to 
where  a  grand  entrance  to  the  house  is  evidently 
meditated,  and  on  the  right  of  this  approach  is 
a  bank  of  evergreens.  It  was  planted  only 
eighteen  months  since  with  large  shrubs  of 
Yew,  Bay,  Box,  Aucuba  japonica,  and  other 
things,  which  have  been  so  well  watered  and 
managed  that  they  have  not  winced. 

Passing  round  the  house  you  will  find  a  lawn, 
much  enlarged  lately,  and  clipped  about  by  a 
very  unlevel  park,  beautifully  planted  with 
clumps  of  Limes,  animated  by  deer  and  short- 
horns, and  enclosed  by  masses  of  encircling 
Beech  woods  on  the  high  ground  which  bounds 
the  view. 

Except  on  the  north  side,  where  the  eye  may 
range  from  the  newly  projected  front-door,  far 
over  the  country  towards  Mentmore  Towers 
and  the  smooth  turfed  hills  of  Ivanhoe,  this 
beautiful  place  is  quite  secluded.  It  is  not 
overlooked  by  a  single  road,  and  its  near 
neighbour,  the  town,  might  be  a  hundred 
miles  distant.  Among  the  proofs  of  outlay,  as 
well  as  of  excellent  taste,  are  the  nume- 
rous costly  shrubs  around  the  house,  in- 
cluding the  bushes  of  Golden  Yews  grown 
from  cuttings,  as  well  as  the  much  rarer  seed- 
lings furnished  with  leaders,  and  growing  into 
trees.  I  daresay  thousands  have  been  expended 
in  shrubs  lately,  and  they  are  all  looking  well, 
not  omitting  a  number  of  Golden  Yews  planted 
only  two  months  since.  Numbers  give  only  a 
mechanical  idea  of  works  of  planting  like  those 
which  Mr.  Hill,  with  his  men  and  long  hose, 
has  brought  to  such  a  successful  issue  ;  but  it 
may  please  nurserymen,  and  make  their  mouths 
water,  to  repeat  that  500  Golden  Yews,  cost- 
ing a  great  sum,  have  been  planted  here 
lately,  and  10,000  bulbs  of  Gladioli  set  in  the 
shrubberies  to  enliven  them.  The  owner  loves 
to  watch  the  progress  of  the  shrubs,  knows 
their  names  and  qualities,  and  takes  delight  in 
that  newly  planted  long  broad  clump  which 
fringes  the  lawn,  and  already  shows  superb 
and  glowing  with  gold  from  across  the  path. 
I  can  only  say  that  it  is  filled  with  costly 
"  things,"  and  in  standing  before  that  largest 
Japanese  specimen  which  is  many  times 
repeated  in  smaller  sizes,  one  cannot  help 
counting  the  cost.  It  is  the  beautiful  Reti- 
nospora  obtusa  nana  aurea,  and  is  worth  seven 
guineas.  The  double  Spanish  Gorse  is  used 
as  an  edging  of  this  grand  clump  of  shrubs,  and 
I  observed  several  specimens  of  weeping  Yew 
on  stems  i  foot  or  more  high,  and  then  spreading 
horizontally. 

The  kitchen  gardens  are  on  the  roadside  near 
or  in  the  town,  and  will  soon  be  entirely  shut 
in  by  walls,  and  enlarged  from  3  to  6  acres. 
The  houses  are  numerous,  and  the  management 
unsurpassed.  Five  houses  are  devoted  to  Or- 
chids, which  have  been  described  by  specialists 
from  time  to  time  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
They  were  generally  out  of  bloom  at  the  time  of 
my  visit,  but  not  so  the  Carnations  in  two 
houses  devoted  entirely  to  that  flower,  one  of 
them  to  the  favourite  "  Malmaison."  The 
foliage  plants — Crotons,  Caladiums,  Alocasias, 


Draca?na5,  and  others — all  gathered  together 
in  one  house,  were  superb,  and  the  varieties  of 
Coleus  and  Begonia  in  another  house  looked 
charmingly  bright.  I  believe  that  a  London 
firm  decorates  the  London  house  so  far  as 
plants  in  pots  are  concerned  ;  but  the  cut 
flowers  are  sent  from  Tring,  and  two  houses  of 
Adiantum  cuneatum  are  required  for  the  growth 
of  Fern  foliage  by  the  bushel.  There  are  five 
vineries  where  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes, 
of  five  years'  growth,  are  as  good  as  can  be, 
and  the  adjoining  Black  Hamburghs,  too, 
having  this  year  the  largest  berries  yet  pro- 
duced here  In  the  Fig-house  the  first 
crop  was  just  over,  and  the  second  coming 
in.  The  Orchard-house  here  might  be  imi- 
tated at  lesser  establishments  with  advantage, 
being  simple  and  comparatively  inexpensive. 
It  consists  of  135  yards  of  wall,  enclosed  by 
glass,  having  hot-water  pipes  to  keep  the  tem- 
perature above  freezing,  and  making  all  the 
wall  fruit — Apricots,  Peaches,  Pears,  and  Plums 
— perfectly  secure.  The  width  is  sufficient  for  a 
stage  in  front,  where  several  transformation 
scenes  occur  during  the  year.  At  present  the 
stage  is  partly  devoted  to  fruits  in  pots,  and  as 
soon  as  these  have  ripened  the  double  pots 
containing  them  will  be  plunged  in  the  open 
ground  till  next  spring.  They  will  be  followed 
presently  by  pot  Roses  and  Tomatos,  and  later 
on  autumn  Chrysanthemums  will  appear  upon 
the  stage.  In  short,  a  practised  gardener  finds 
that  the  rotations  he  can  introduce  on  a  stage 
of  this  sort  are  endless,  and  most  profitable.  I 
suppose  all  sorts  of  half-hardy  bedding  plants 
may  be  included,  as  well  as  Strawberries. 

I  must  not  omit  to  mention  "  the  cottage," 
not  far  from  Mr.  Hill's  house,  in  the  kitchen 
garden,  where  six  unmarried  gardeners  are 
made  comfortable  ;  nor  the  orchard  of  pyramid 
Apples  in  front  of  it,  in  an  unsuitable  light  soil 
18  inches  deep,  with  a  subsoil  of  gravel.  The 
trees  are  about  10  feet  high,  and  they  are 
pruned  as  the  fruit  swells,  and  not  allowed  to 
increase  in  height.  Apples  can  be  grown  any- 
where by  culture,  but  the  crops  must  be  gained 
by  manure  on  soils  like  this,  and  only  small 
trees  are  adapted  to  them.  H.  E. 


THE   GENUS  ARCTOTIS. 

{C-,:diidtd  frmi,  p.   m) 

Ardotis  lcptorhi~a.—\a  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of 
September  I,  1SS3,  this  annual  species  was  mentioned 
as  one  of  ttie  most  striking  Composites  then  in  flower 
in  the  herbaceous  department  at  Kew  ;  at  the  same 
time  I  had  beautiful  pot  specimens  from  seed  which  1 
had  received  as  of  A.  breviscapa,  under  which  name 
it  was  offered  by  Mr.  Thompson,  of  Ipswich,  and 
other  seedsmen.  It  is  thus  found  to  be  valuable,  both 
for  the  greenhouse  and  the  open  ground.  De  Can- 
doUe,  whom  Dr.  Harvey  has  frequently  followed 
apparently  in  this  genus,  distinguishes  two  varieties 
under  A.  leptorhiza,  the  A.  breviscapa  of  Thunberg 
and  his  own  longiscapa,  the  first  as  having  scapes 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  and  the  latter  as  having 
scapes  longer  than  the  leaves.  The  plant  I  have 
belongs  to  the  latter  variety,  longiscapa,  and  the  name 
breviscapa,  under  which  the  seeds  were  received,  is 
therefore  wrong.  The  plants  grown  at  Kew  and 
Cambridge  ate,  I  believe,  identical.  There  is  no 
figure,  and  I  am  unable  to  compare  with  specimens, 
but  Mr.  Baker  kindly  confirms  me  in  the  name  lon- 
giscapa. Seeds  of  another  kind  are  offered  with  the 
name  A.  grandiBora,  but  I  have  never  found  them 
capable  of  germination, 

Arctotis  Leichtliniana,  m.  sp* 

The    subjoined    description    applies    to    a    plant 

received  from  Mr,   Max  Leichtlin,   who  obtained  it 

from  the  Palermo  Botanic  Garden  as  A.  speciosa — a 

name  that  belongs  to  a  variety  of  A.  acaulis.     There 

•  Suffruticose  and  lax  in  habit,  3  feet  hich,  not  hispid. 
Stems  elongate,  furrowed,  covered  with  thick  white  tomentum. 
Leaves  2  to  8  inches  long,  obovate,  or  oblanceolate,  petioled, 
pinnatifid  and  toothed,  not  auricled  or  decilrrent,  tomentose 
below,  arachnoid  above  ;  lobes  oblong,  slightly  lobulate,  with 
pointed  or  angular  a]3ices.  Flower-heads  2  %  inches  in  diameter, 
or  when  pressed  3^  inches  ;  upper  free  part  of  outer  involucral 
scales  spreading  in  bud,  but  little  recurving  in  full  flower,  less 


was  much  interest  in  getting  this  supposed  A.  speciosa, 
seeds  of  which  I  tried  without  success  ;  and  as  we 
are  indebted  to  Mr.  Max  Leichtlin  for  distributing  it, 
and  finding  it  undistinguished,  I  name  it  in  compli- 
ment to  him.  Professor  Oliver  kindly  examined  this 
plant  for  me,  and  said  he  thought  it  must  be  referred 
to  the  species  I  had  forwarded  before,  which  was  A. 
aureola.  From  a  garden  point  of  view,  at  least,  it 
must,  I  think,  be  regarded  as  a  distinct  species,  dif- 
fering entirely  in  habit,  coloration,  and  relative  pro- 
portion in  size  of  the  parts  of  the  flower,  and  in 
constitution.  It  strikes  freely  from  cuttings,  and  is 
an  easily  grown  plant,  while  A.  aureola  can  only  with 
difficulty  be  grown  from  cuttings,  and  is  cultivated 
less  easily.  The  coloration  of  the  flower  might  be 
regarded  as  a  small  matter,  but  these  plants  have  not 
been  "broken  "  or  worked  up  for  our  instruction  by 
the  hybridist,  and  it  is  combined  with  other  points  of 
difference.  Itdiffers  from  A.  grandiflora.  Ait.,  which 
has  a  tricoloured  ray,  though  to  that  also  it  is  nearly 
allied.  This  plant  has  very  pretty  flowers,  but  its 
lax  habit  is  not  in  favour  of  its  becoming  popular. 

The  following  kinds  have  been  cultivated,  and  all 
are  worth  reintroduction.  The  attention  of  friends 
at  the  Cape  may  here  be  drawn  to  them  : — 

A,  acaulis.  Hot.  Reg.,  ii,  122. — A  nearly  stemless 
perennial  with  long  petaloid  radical  leaves,  which  are 
lobed  and  green  above,  covered  with  rough  pile  which 
peels  off.  The  flower-heads  are  large,  with  golden 
rays,  orange  below. 

A.  aspera,  Bot.  Keg.,  t.  34. — ilalfshrubby,  hispid, 
and  scabrous,  with  deeply  incised  leaves  ;  the  lobes 
obtuse.  The  flower-heads  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
cultivated  variety  arborescens,  but  ate  apparently 
larger. 

A.  f/Wi-rtir/d,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun,,  ii,  174, — 
Stem  half  shrubby,  branches  tomentose,  leaves  small, 
pinnatifid.  The  flower-heads  are  yellow  rayed  with- 
out a  ring  about  the  black  disc. 

A.  cttprea,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii.,  176. — 
Referred  by  Harvey  as  a  variety  of  A.  aspera.  It  is 
shrubby,  the  leaves  are  pinnatifid  with  long  narrow 
spreading  lobes,  which  are  toothed  and  undulated  ; 
the  flower-heads  are  large,  with  orange-coloured  rays, 
coppery  below. 

A.  decuinbens,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schrenbrun.,  iii., 
381.  —  Stem  stout  and  decumbent  ;  leaves  elliptical, 
strongly  three-nerved,  dentated,  not  lohed  ;  flower- 
heads  large,  with  yellow  ray,  bronze  beneath. 

A,  dccurrens,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii.,  165. 
— Stem  diffuse  or  erect,  leaves  short,  petioled,  lan- 
ceolate or  elliptic-oblong,  with  slight  tendency  to 
form  lobes.  The  ray-florets  are  white,  with  purple 
at  the  base,  forming  a  ring  about  the  disc. 

A,  fasluosa,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii.,  166, 
— Said  to  be  annual  j  stem  hollow,  leaves  elliptic- 
oblong,  coarsely  toothed  or  sinuous,  pilose  on  both 
sides.  The  flower-heads  are  large,  with  orange  ray- 
florets  and  a  deep  red  ring  around  the  disc.  One  of 
the  handsomest. 

A.  ^laucopliylla,  JicqmD,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii., 
170. — Allied  to  A.  acaulis ;  stem  short,  with  leaves 
crowded,  pinnately  divided  into  many  lobes.  The 
flower-heads  are  ornamental,  with  a  clear  orange  ray, 

A.  iiraudijlora,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  iii., 
37S. — Stem  sutTtulicose,  leaves  pinnatifid,  with  narrow 
lobes.  The  flower-heads  are  very  large  and  hand- 
some, the  ray-florets  of  orange  colour,  each  with  a 
dark  basal  mark,  forming  a  ring  around  the  disc. 
Apparently  near  to  A.  aureola,  but  it  differs  in  hav- 
ing the  ring,  and  the  lobes  of  the  leaves  are  much 
narrower. 

A.  leucanlhcmoidcs,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii., 
164. — Apparently  annual.  The  branches  are  sparingly 
leafy,  the  leaves  are  obovate  and  toothed,  the  upper 
ones  lanceolate  and  entire.  The  flower-heads  have 
numerous  white  ray  -  florets,  suffused  with  pink 
beneath, 

A.  maculata,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  iii.,  379  ; 
Bot.  Reg.,  ii.,  130. — Suffruticose,  very  distinct  in 
the  colour  of  the  ray-florets,  which  are  white,  tipped 
with  orange,  and  orange  below.  The  leaves  are  in 
form  similar  to  those  of  A.  aspera,  but  much  softer. 
A.   reptans,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  iii.,  382. 

than  half  a  line  broad — involucre  otherwise  as  in  A.  aureola  ;  ray- 
florets  golden-yellow,  with  dark  basal  nuirk,  below  flaked  with 
red,  1%  inch  long,  4^  lines  broad.  Most  nearly  allied  to  A. 
aureola,  which  has  short  and  stout  stems,  clothed  with  purplish 
tomentum  ;  lobes  of  leaves  always  rounded  at  the  apex  ;  flower- 
heads  4 — 4^  inches  in  diameter  ;  outer  scales  of  involucre 
recurving  in  bud,  free  portion  one  line  broad  ;  ray-florets  orange 
coloured,  without  basal  mark,  2  inches  long,  4J4  lines  broad. 


July  ii, 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


— Much  branched  and  dwarfed  ;  leaves  obovate, 
obtusely  lobed  or  toothed.  The  ray-florets  are 
creamy-white,  orange-coloured  below,  and  a  dark 
ring  is  (ormed  by  the  basal  marks  around  the  disc. 

A,  rcvohila.  ]i.z^\i\n,  Hort.  Schrenbrun.,  ii.,  173. — 
Suffruticose,  branches  tomentose,  the  leaves  with  dis- 
tant lobes.  The  flower-heads  are  large,  with  orange 
ray-florets,  each  with  a  dark  basal  mark. 

A.  rosea,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schtoabrun.,  ii.,  162. — 
Stemless,  apparently  annual,  compact,  with  a  number 
of  white  sinuate-pinnatifid  leaves,  the  lobes  short  and 
obtuse.  Very  pretty;on  accountjof  the  pink  ray-florets. 
A.  spccioia,  Jacquin,  Hort.  .Schcenbrun.,  ii.,  161  ; 
Bot.  Mag.,  xlvii.,  21S2.— A  distinct  form  of  A. 
acaulis,  with  many-lobed  leaves,  and  handsome 
flower-heads  with  showy  reddish  ring. 

A.  J./au'-rwa,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Scha:nbrun.,  ii.,  177. 
Rather  coarse-growing,  but  very  pretty,  having 
numerous  flower-heads,  with  orange  rays  lineated 
with  darker  colour.  It  is  well  marked  by  this 
coloration.  Is  placed  with  A.  grandiflora  by  Harvey 
under  A.  Irevis. 

A.  tricolor,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schrenbrun.,  ii.,  159; 
Bot.  Reg.,  ii.,  131.— This  is  allied  to  A.  acaulis,  to 
which  Harvey  refers  it,  but  it  is  probably  quite  dis- 
tinct. It  difl^ers  in  foliage,  not  having  a  dense  rough 
pile.  The  flower-heads  are  large  and  showy,  with 
white  ray  florets,  purple  beneath,  and  a  dark  ring 
surrounding  the  disc. 

A.  undidata,  Jacquin,  Hort.  Schcenbrun.,  ii.,  160. 
—This,  no  doubt,  is  a  form  of  acaulis.     It  is  a  fine 


structure  and  movements  of  the  organs  of  fertilisation 
in  this  Orchid— which  any  one  who  is  interested  in 
this  subject  would  do  well  to  note— I  was  forcibly 
reminded  of  him  who  has  done  so  much  to  enlighten 
us  on  this  subject,  whose  statue  was  the  other  day 
unveiled  in  the  Natural  History  Museum,  and  for 
whom  none  felt  a  more  sincere  regard  than  the  true 
horticulturist.     A.  D.  W. 


AGL.EONEMA    ACUTI.SPATHUM,  N.  R.  Brown, 
n.  ip. 

Stem  erect,  J  inch  thick,  smooth,  dark  green. 
Petioles  3-4*  inches  long,  vaginate  for  I— I  their 
length,  but  only  sheathing  the  stem  at  the  base, 
green,  the  evaginate  part  terete,  with  a  slight  flattening 
on  the  face.  Lamina  6—8  inches  long,  2j— 3J  inches 
broad,  elliptic-ovate  acuminate,  a  little  oblique,  base 
rounded  and  slightly  cuneale  at  the  petiole,  apex 
gradually  attenuated  into  a  line  point  about  an  inch 
long,  margins  undulate,  uniform  dark  green,  paler 
beneath.  Midrib  and  veins  impressed  above,  promi- 
nent and  rounded  beneath ;  primary  lateral  veins 
4—6  on  each  side  of  the  midrib,  ascending,  curved. 
Scape   about   as   long   as   the    petioles,   compressed, 


plant   with    rather   coarse    leaves,  and    large  bright      smooth,  dark  green.     Spathe  31  inches  long,  \\  inch 


orange  flowers, 

These  names  I  take  as  given  with  the  figures  re- 
ferred to,  because  Harvey's  arrangement  in  the  Cafe 
Flora  does  not  give  the  distinctions  necessary  from  a 
garden  point  of  view,  the  good  and  bad  being  often  re- 
duced under  one  name.  It  is  unfortunate  that  real  dif- 
ferences, such  as  Harvey  no  doubt  saw,  should  not 
have  been  pointed  out,  because  it  is  apt  to  be  in- 
ferred that  the  plants  are  identical.  This  aggregation 
of  more  or  less  distinct  forms  is  a  difficulty,  I  am  told, 
in  the  use  of  some  foreign  Floras  on  the  spot,  because 
the  segregates  of  a  species  are  often  found  to  be  very 
diSerent  practically,  and  in  need  of  some  distinction. 
This  difliculty,  however,  could  only  be  fully  remedied 
by  the  cultivation  of  all  the  plants,  which  is  impos- 
sible, and  probably  the  genus  Arctotis  can  only  be 
well  understood  by  cultivation  of  the  various  forms. 
Allied,  but  really  distinct  plants,  appear  sometimes  to 
mimic  each  other,  just  as  those  do  that  belong  to  dif- 
ferent natural  orders,  and  probably  this  mimicry  is  all 
the  more  likely  to  occur  on  account  of  relationship. 
In  Jacquin's  Nor/us  Sihniiliriimnsis,  omitting  those 
now  referred  to  other  genera,  no  less  than  twenty- 
seven  kinds  are  figured,  and  without  doubt  are  all 
more  or  less  distinct,  though  Harvey  reduces  many  to 
other  species  without  distinguishing  them  as  varieties, 


broad,  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate,   widely  expanded 
(as  in  A.  commutatum),  a  little  decurrent   but   not  at 


THE    AMARYLLIS. 

The  present  season  has  marked  a  decided  advance 
in  the  culture  and  position  o(  the  Amaryllis.  Its 
history  was  carefully  written,  and  its  culture  well 
understood  by  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  William  Herbert 
so  long  ago  as  1837.  What  a  pily  that  some  enthu- 
siast possessing  Herbert's  love  for  the  flower,  his 
ability  and  perseverance,  was  not  ready  to  take  his 
place,  and  carry  on  the  work  where  the  master  Itft 
it.  Such  varieties  as  Herbert  possessed  were  caie- 
fully  cultivated  in  his  own  garden.  Being  a  keen 
hybridist,  he  raised  some  distinct  and  good  varieties 
by  cross-breeding,  most  of  them,  if  not  all,  being  now 
lost  to  cultivation.  The  type  of  flower  of  which  Hip- 
peastrum  pardinum  is  a  representative  species  was 
unknown  in  the  time  of  Herbert,  but  to  that  species 
and  the  more  recently  introduced  H.  Leopoldi  we 
owe  the  beautiful  hybrid  forms  recently  seen  at  our 
exhibitions.  The  very  handsome  form.  Empress  of 
India,  also  introduced  into  English  gardens  by 
Messrs.  Veitch,  of  Chelsea,  has  worked  even  a 
greater  revolution  in  this  genus  than  either  of  the 
above  species.  The  taste  of  the  flower-loving  publi(r 
is  all  for  large  handsome  varieties  of  what  may  be 
termed  the  florist's  type,  and  doubtless  they  form  the 
most  beautiful  decorative  objects  for  our  greenhouses 
and  plant  stoves.  There  are  other  forms  interesting 
to  botanical  science  which  might  well  be  taken  in 
hand  by  the  hybridist.  Some  of  the  species  are 
conspicuous  for  their  long  tubes,  the  flowers  more 
elegant  perhaps  though  not  so  showy  as  the  modern 
garden  varieties.  The  South  American  species,  A. 
solandrjefoli; 


all  convolute  at  the  base  (in  bud  it  is  terete,  gradually      T'lZTr'  '°'  '°%T'<^ "'  """  T"'  f '"<=', "^  '^^ 
•       .  .-  .     .      '"'■="="=.  S'-'""'"'/      long-tubed  species.     The  flowers,  S  mches  in  length, 

green   and    yellowish-white.     A    variety    of  this 


tapering  to  a  very  fine  point),  light  green.  Spadix 
sessile,  if  inch  long,  female  part  about  §  inch  long, 
the  rest  male. 

This  species  is  allied  to  A.  commutatum  and  A. 
modestum,  but  distinct  from  either.  Its  native 
country  is  a  little  uncertain.  It  was  presented  to  the 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  by  Mr.  Knaggs,  from  whom  I 
learn  that  it  was  bought  in  Hong  Kong,  and  believed 
to  come  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Canton.  Mr. 
Knaggs  further  writes  that  "  they  seem  to  be  hardy, 
and  some  of  them  flowered  at  sea,  on  the  voyage 
home,  in  water,  and  two  of  them  continued  to  live  in 
water  in  our  back  garden  (in  London)  for  some  con- 
siderable time."  iV.  E.  Brown. 

Tenaris  rostrata,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 
Hitherto  this  Asclepiadaceous  genus  has  consisted 
of  but  one  species,  a  native  of  the  eastern  frontier  of 
Cape  Colony  ;  now  we  have  another  from  Usagara, 
in  East  Tropical  Africa,  near  Zanzibar,  the  tuber  of 
which  was  sent  home  by  ^L  Last  and  has  just  flowered 
at  Kew.  It  has  quite  the  habit  of  the  original  species, 
but  is  at  once  distinguished   when  in   flower  by  the 


Twenty-one  kinds  are  recorded  in  the  Hortm  Kew-      '"''^^  °^  "^^.  ^0'°"^  being  nearly  acute,    instead  of 
ensis  of  1813,  and  thirty  species  are  allowed  in  the 
Genera  Plantarum, 

The  late  Mr.  Harpur-Crewe  intended  to  have 
written  notes  upon  this  genus,  but  his  illness  pre- 
vented him  from  so  doing,  and  before  his  death  me- 
moranda were  forwarded  to  me  which  Mr.  W.  E. 
GumbletOD  had  made  for  him  from  the  nearly  com- 
plete series  of  Arctotis  figures  in  his  library.  R.  Irwin 
Lynch. 


THE   TWAY-BLADE    (LISTERA 
OVATA.) 

PERHAfS  nowhere  does  this  inconspicuous,  but  by 
no  means  uninteresting.  Orchid  grow  so  strong  and 
stately  as  in  rather  damp  shady  woods,  with  a  southern 
exposure.  This  was  forcibly  brought  to  my  mind 
but  the  other  day,  when  meeting  with  a  large  number 
of  these  plants  growing  most  luxuriantly  under  the 
above  conditions.  Several  of  these  specimens  mea- 
sured 30  inches  in  height,  with  large  ovate  leaves 
7  inches  by  6  inches,  and  strong  erect  spikes,  on 
which  I  counted  upwards  of  eighty  flowers. 

The  flowers  were  remarkably  viscid,  and  contained 
a  large  supply  of  nectar— no  doubt  for  the  purpose  of 
enticing  insects  for  cross-fertilisation,  as  I  have 
repeatedly  noticed  that  in  several  of  our  Orchidaceous 
plants  a  greater  number  of  seed-bearing  capsules  are 
produced  by  plants  growing  in  the  open  than  those 

,  J  .  -,  -       knew  its  existence  from  a  sketch  prepared  by  Mr.  Ernest 

puzzled  me  very  much  to  account  for,  but  it  is  never-      Rimann,  Mr.  F.  Sander's  fortunate  traveller.     H.  G. 
theless    a    fact,      "  ■         "  .    -  -       - 


truncate,  and  by  the  segments  of  the  inner  corona 
having  their  apices  prolongeil  into  subulate  beaks. 
The  following  is  a  description  of  the  plant  :— Tuber 
depressed— globose,  \\\  inch  in  diameter;  stem 
18  inches  high,  slender,  about  \  line  thick,  erect, 
green,  with  about  four  pairs  of  distant  linear  acute 
leaves,  2 — 3  inches  long,  \  inch  broad,  arched,  spread- 
ing. Peduncles  I  (—2  ?)  flowered,  3 — 5  lines  long, 
solitary  from  the  side  of  pairs  of  small  bracts,  arranged 
along  the  terminal  part  of  the  stem  in  a  racemose 
manner.  Pedicels  2  lines  long ;  calyx  -jV,  inch  in 
diameter,  lobes  lanceolate,  acute.  Corolla  J  inch  in 
diameter,  rotate,  lobes  4  lines  long,  ij  line  broad, 
linear-oblong,  subacute,  very  spreading  with  revolute 
margins,  whitish,  densely  covered  towards  the  base 
of  the  lobes  with  minute  purple  dots,  giving  the 
flowers  a  pinkish  hue.  Outer  corona  of  five  small, 
concave,  broadly  ovate,  bifid,  yellowish  lobes,  with 
two  minute  teeth  on  their  inner  face  ;  inner  corona  of 
five  erect  or  slightly  recurving,  subulate,  pinkish 
segments,  slightly  gibbous  on  the  shoulder.  N.  E. 
Br  (nun. 

Vanda  Denisoniana  (Bent.,  Rchb.  f.)  VAR. 

HEBRAICA,  H.  var. 

Mr.  B,  S.  Williams  kindly  sends  a  flower  of  this 
fine  variety.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  sulphur- 
coloured  on  both  sides,  darker  inside,  where  they  are 
covered  with  numerous  spots,  transverse,  short  bars, 
and  figures  comparable  partly  to  a  Greek  lambda  (A). 
Spur  orange  inside.     Anterior  part  of  the  blade  of  the 


i„7wr>7jirn/    TV    \ ^n  ,  ''gl"  olive-green.   I  had  never  seen  this  alive,  though  I 

in  a  woodland.    This  seems  strange,  and  has  certainly  knew  its  existence  from  a  sketch  oreoared  bvMr.  Ernest 

uch  to  account  for,  but  it  is  never- 

When    examining   the    wonderful  Rchli.  f. 


described  by   Herbert  had  flowers  10^  inches  long, 
faintly  striped   outside  with   red  ;  tube  purplish-red. 
Dean  Herbert   raised  many  hybrids   in  his  garden  at 
Spofforth,    the  produce   being   distinguished    by   the 
names   of    both   species,    examples   of    which   were 
aulica  x  vittata,  stratifolia  x  vittata,  solandrajfolia  x 
Johnsoni.     Several  crosses  from  A.    reticulata    were 
produced  by  this  zealous  cultivator,  such  as  bulbosa 
reticulata,     reticulata     bulbulosa,   and     aulica    reti- 
culata.       At    this     early   period    A.    reticulata    was 
cultivated  in  two  varieties,  one  with  green  leaves  and 
the  other   with   stripes,   as  grown   in  our  gardens  at 
present.     The  striped  leaved  variety  of  reticulata  has 
been  met  with  frequently  in  a  wild   state  in  Brazil, 
not  so  that  with  green   leaves,  which  is  also  lost.     It 
is  necessary  to  tr.ace  the  different   varieties  to  their 
source  before  we  can  be  sure  of  the  best  method  of  cul- 
ture to  be  pursued.    Some  of  the  cultivated  species  are 
almost,  if  not  quite,  greenhouse  plants,  although  they 
may   require   stove-heat    to    bring    them    up    to    the 
flowering  stage.     Those  species  originally  introduced 
from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  such  as  A.  vittata,  are 
representatives  of  this  type.     A.  reticulata  is  quite  an 
evergreen,  and  succeeds  well  in  a  Cucumber-house  all 
the  year  round,  and  it  ought  not  to  be  quite  dried  up  at 
the  roots.     The  cultural  remarks  in  the  "  AmarylliJa- 
te,r  "  are  evidently  founded  on  a  large  and  successful 
experience  ;  and  I  am  sure  most  successful  cultivators 
would  endorse  the  following  as  being  good  advice  for 
the  present  time.     Herbert   says  : — "  The    principal 
causes  of  the  sickly  state  of  Hippeastra  in  cultivation 
are  too  light  a  soil,  want  of  water  at  the  roots,   when 
the  leaves  are  pushing,    and  too  much  water  after." 
His  experience  also  confirmed  him  as  to  the  value  of 
small  pots.     "I  have  had,"  he  says,    "seedlings   of 
crosses  with  H.  vittatum  which  sent  up  two  stems  of 
blossoms  from  a  pot  scarcely  twice  the  size  of  the 
bulb."     Experiments  were  also  made  with    various 
kinds  of  potting  soil.     Peat  did  not  give  good  results, 
the  best  being  obtained  with  good  loam,  of  a  holding 
nature  which  formed  a  compost  that  would  not  be- 
come powdery  when  dry.     We  have  now  a  consider- 
able advantage  over  the  cultivators  of  fifty  years  ago  ; 
we  have  a  better  class   of  hothouses,    with   a    more 
complete  system  of  top  and  bottom   heating.     Some 
cultivators  make  a  mistake,  by  either  neglecting  the 
plants  when   the  flowering  period  is  over,  or  by  not 
taking  into  account  the  fact  that  the  nature  of  the 
plant  is  to    make  a  second  growth   at  midsummer. 
The  leaves   come     with    the    flowers,     and    if    the 
plants  are  kept  comparatively  dry  during  May  and 
June    they    will    not     make     much      growth,     and 
may  be  dried  off  almost  for  the  rest  of    the  season 
if   they  are   kept  in   a   cool-house,  but  perhaps  not 
50  per  cent,  would  flower  next  season  ;    whereas  if 
they  are  grown  on  freely  during   the  summer  and 


40 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


IJULY    II,    iS 


autumn  months,  the  proportion  of  flowering  bulbs  to 
flowerless  ones  would  be  as  ten  to  one.  Over-potting 
is  also  a  great  evil.  Good  large  bulbs  may  be  potted 
in  5-inch  pots,  and  will  not  only  flower,  but  grow 
better  in  such  pots  than  they  will  in  larger  ones. 
We  had  some  small  bulbs  planted  in  6o-sized  pots  in 
the  season  of  1SS4,  which  produced  flowering  bulbs 
of  large  size  and  of  the  best  quality.  Some  growers 
have  a  belief  that  flowering  bulbs  cannot  be  produced 
unless  they  are  grown  in  5  and  6  inch  pots  A  very 
limited  experience  with  two  sizes  smaller  would  dis- 
pel this  delusion.  We  use  a  rich  polling  soil,  of  four 
parts  good  substantial  loam,  one  of  decayed  manure, 
and  one  of  fibrous  peat.  The  past  season  was  a  very 
good  one  for  a  prolonged  bloom.  Uusually  the  end 
of  March  and  the  early  days  of  April  are  hot,  with 
drying  winds,  and  few  flowers  are  left  by  the  end  of 
April. 

A  careful  inspection  of  the  varieties  raised  this 
season  reveals  the  fact "  that  improvements  have 
been  made  in  every  direction  ;  but  one  of  the  most 
important  gains  from  a  gardening  point  is  the  in- 
creased number  of  flowers  of  the  very  best  form 
and  substance  produced  on  one  scape.  The  South 
American  species,  Hippeastrum  pardinum  and  II. 
Leopoldi,  gave  good  form  and  substance  to  the 
flowers,  but  reduced  the  number.  But  by  intercrossing 
with  some  of  the  finest  Continental  varieties,  such  as 
Empress  of  India,  which  produces  six  flowers  on  one 
scape,  we  have  now  well-formed  flowers  of  good  sub- 
stance, six  of  them  being  produced  on  one  scape,  and 
as  many  as  three  stems  from  one  bulb.  For  several 
years  I  have  carefully  noted  the  best  flowers  in 
Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery  at  Chelsea,  and  also  at  the 
London  exhibitions.  The  best  production  of  the 
present  season  is  undoubtedly  the  variety  named 
Perfection  :  two  plants  exactly  alike  flowered  from  the 
same  seed-pod — at  least,  as  nearly  alike  as  it  is  pos- 
sible for  two  distinct  plants  to  be  ;  the  flowers  are  of 
fine  form,  petals  slightly  reflexed,  the  colour  creamy- 
white,  with  a  while  centre  ;  the  segments  being 
irregularly  marked  with  bright  scarlet. 

Lady  of  the  Lake  is  a  very  fine  white  variety,  not 
quite  pure,  but  nearly  so  ;  it  is  quite  distinct  ;  the 
flowers,  of  the  largest  size,  are  borne  aloft  on  stout 
stems,  and  are  very  conspicuous  in  the  collection. 

Lady  Macbeth  is  quite  an  artistic  flower,  of  large 
size,  the  segments,  slightly  twisted,  are  marked  with 
rosy-scarlet. 

Kilworth  has  not  been  seen  outside  the  Chelsea 
nursery  ;  it  is  formed  after  the  florist  standard  ;  the 
colour  crimson  with  a  greenish  tip  to  each  segment, 
and  a  green  centre. 

I  may  add  here  that  the  green  centre  is  not  much 
thought  of,  but  it  sometimes,  as  in  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
adds  to  the  beauty  of  the  flower. 

Triumphans  is  a  noble  variety,  with  richly-coloured 
flowers,  the  petals  nearly  4  inches  across,  the  flowers 
of  the  best  form,  greenish  centre. 

Linda,  creamy-white,  dashed  with  crimson,  had  ten 
flowers  on  two  scapes. 

The  Giant,  certificated  about  three  years  ago, 
flowered  well  this  year.  It  has  produced  more  flowers 
from  one  bulb  than  any  other ;  Ihey  are  distinct  in 
colour  and  very  handsome. 

Orestes,  crimson,  the  centre  of  each  petal  being 
richer  in  colour,  green  centre. 

Titian,  very  distinct  salmon-red,  with  a  conspicu- 
ous maroon-crimson  centre  ;  flowers  7  inches  across. 

Dona,  greenish-white,  marked  with  crimson  lines, 
and  mottled  the  same  colour. 

Ernita,  rosy-blu^h  ground,  with  a  bright  rose 
central  band  to  each  segment,  the  flowers  being  also 
suffused  with  ro5e.  and  marked  with  brighter  lines. 

Prince  Albert  Victor  has  flowers  of  the  finest  form, 
rosy-crimson,  and  white  central  band  on  each  petal. 
Fairy,  primrose,  with  reddish  lines. 
Hedila,  white,  with  crimson  streaks  on  each  side 
of  a  whitish  central  band. 

Lady  Lawrence,  a  very  distinct  and  handsome 
variety,  the  colour  a  peculiar  pale  purplish-rose,  the 
segments  marked  with  a  greenish-white  band,  the 
colour  deepest  on  each  side. 

Countess  of  Rosebery,  reddish-crimson,  greenish- 
white  star,  the  ground  colour  creamy-white. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  purplish-rose,  mottled 
creamy- white,  greenish-white  star. 

Mirabel,  one  of  the  most  distinct  in  the  whole  col- 
lection, the  flowers  are  so  well  blended^scarlet, 
crimson,  and  magenta,  on  a  creamy-white  ground. 

Janet,  fine  large  creamy-white  flowers,  scarlet 
flakes. 


Storr's  Beauty,  a  distinct  and  charming  variety, 
raised  in  the  Rev.  W.  Stainforth's  garden,  rosy- 
scarlet,  with  whitish  bands  on  each  petal,  the  colour 
bright  rose  on  each  side. 

Serapis,  pale  salmon-buff,  suffused  crimson. 

Boadicea,  very  large  broad  petals,  scarlet,  greenish 
star. 

Modesty,  narrow  reflexed  petals,  white  and  rose. 

Endymion,  very  distinct,  the  centre  of  petals 
maroon,  with  creamy  white  margin. 

Picotee,  distinct  whitish  flowers,  marked  on  the 
edge  with  a  narrow  line  of  a  red  colour. 

Lady  Howard  de  Walden,  by  far  the  best  pure 
white  variety.     Four  flowers  on  one  scape. 

Mrs.  Whitbourne,  deep  vermilion,  with  a  whitish 
margin. 

The  above  notes  on  the  most  recent  varieties  will 
show  the  endless  variety  of  colour  now  obtained,  and 
most  of  them  produced  two  scapes  from  each  bulb, 
and  from  three  to  six  flowers  on  each.  The  large 
number  of  flowers  produced  from  each  bulb  with  such 
a  variety  of  form  and  colour,  have  put  such  good  old 
species  and  varieties  as  A.  Ackermanii,  pulcherrima, 
pardina,  Chelsoni,  Junius,  Sultan  and  Leopoldi, 
quite  in  the  shade.  The  flowers,  though  well  formed, 
only  came  two  on  a  scape,  and  usually  one  stem  only 
from  each  bulb. 

The  increasing  popularity  of  the  Amaryllis  has  in- 
creased the  number  of  growers,  and  of  course 
novel  systems  of  culture  are  brought  forward. 
It  has  been  stated  ^in  a  contemporary  that  Messrs. 
Kelway,  of  Langport,  grow  them  in  borders 
out-of-doors  "with  a  little  litter  strewn  on  the 
surface,"  as  a  suflicient  protection  in  winter.  The 
drying  oft' of  the  bulbs  is  also  objected  to  as  unneces- 
sary and  perhaps  injurious.  The  gain  by  not  drying  off 
the  bulbs  in  winter  is,  we  are  told,  an  increased 
number  of  flowers  on  a  spike  ;  we  are  not  told  how 
many  flowers  Messrs.  Kelway  obtain  from  one  spike 
of  Hippeastrum  grown  out-of-doors,  but  if  they  get 
more  than  six  from  one  spike  or  sixteen  from  one  bulb, 
it  will  be  glorious  news  for  hardy  plant  growers. 
Referring  to  the  drying  oflf  system,  Mr.'Heale,  who  has 
had  the  management  of  Messrs.  Veitch's  entire  collec- 
tion for  many  years,  writes  to  say,  "  that  they  have 
tried  both  drying  oft'  and  keeping  the  roots  moist  in 
winter,  but  that  the  drying  off  system  is  best,  and  is 
the  one  adopted  at  Chelsea,"  as  it  is  in  our  garden  at 
Great  Gearies.   7tii.  Doit^las. 


alof:  INSIGNISx,N.  E.  brown. 

(New  Hybrid  Alok.) 

In  several  respects  this  handsome  Aloe  is  a  very 
interesting  one  ;  not  only  is  it  a  beautiful  species  in 
its  class,  but  is  perfectly  distinct  in  appearance  and 
character  from  every  other  Aloe  known,  and  teaches 
us  to  what  a  wide  range  the  genus  possesses  the 
capability  of  being  hybridised,  and  what  great  pro- 
bability there  is  that  several  of  the  wild  species  of 
Aloe  owe  ;their  origin,  not  to  variation,  but  to 
hybridisation.  A  few  hybrid  Aloes  are  already  in 
our  gardens,  but  so  far  as  I  am  aware  nothing  in  this 
genus  has  been  raised  from  such  widely  dissimilar 
parents,  and  wiih  such  a  very  distinct  result.  The 
history  of  this  interesting  novelty  is  as  follows  : — In 
1S74  Mr.  Cooper  fertilised  flowers  of  Aloe  drepano- 
phylla  with  the  pollen  of  Aloe  echinata,  and  the  seeds 
were  sown  in  1S75.  In  April  of  this  year  (1SS5) 
some  of  the  plants  commenced  to  flower  for  the  first 
time,  that  is,  at  an  age  of  ten  years. 

Now  Aloe  drepanophylla  is  a  species  described  by 
Mr.  Eaker  in  the  Gardeners'  Chtonicle  some  years 
since  from  this  very  plant  that  Mr.  Cooper  hybridised  ! 
It  is  one  of  the  tree  Aloes,  that  is,  it  has  a  stem 
several  feet  high  (about  S  feet  in  Mr.  Cooper's  plant) 
which  does  not  throw  out  suckers  or  side  shoots  like 
the  dwarf  species,  but  may  branch  at  the  top  when 
sufficiently  tall.  Mr.  Cooper's  plant  is  now  three- 
branched  at  the  top.  Mr.  Cooper  had  grown  the 
plant  for  several  years  before  it  flowered,  and  the  plant 
was  many  years  old  when  he  first  had  it.  It  was 
in  the  second  year  of  its  flowering  that  Mr.  Cooper 
hybridised  it ;  the  first  year  he  did  not  hybridise  it, 
and  it  set  no  seed-pods,  nor  has  it  done  so  since, 
although  I  have  seen  the  plant  flower  every  year 
since,  so  that  it  appears  not  to  be  capable  of  being 
fertilised  with  its  own  pollen,  and  Mr.  Cooper  has  only 
tried  to  hybridise  it  on  the  one  occasion  mentioned. 
There  are  some  plants  of  it  at  Kew  which  have  been 
there  many  years,  and  I  believe  have  never  flowered. 


From  this  it  appears,  first,  that  A.  drepanophylla 
requires  to  attain  an  age  of  many  years  (pro- 
bably twenty  at  the  least)  before  it  flowers;  and, 
secondly,  that  it  requires  to  be  cross-fertilised  to  pro- 
duce seeds.  Furthermore  this  species  belongs  to  the 
section  ;Pachydendron,  all  of  which  are  tall-growing 
species,  characterised  by  having  their  stamens  pro* 
truding  beyond  the  perianth. 

The  male  parent,  Aloe  echinata,  on  the  otbei  hand, 
is  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  genus,  being  quite  stem- 
less,  and,  leaving  the  flower-stem  out  of  the  question, 
it  does  not  exceed  4  inches  in  height,  and  produces 
suckers  at  its  base.  Compared  with  A.  drepano- 
phylla it  soon  reaches  flowering  maturity,  for  if  raised 
from  seed  it  will  flower  in  a  few  years,  about  five  or 
six  I  believe.  This  species  belongs  to  a  very  dis- 
tinct group  of  the  section  Eualoe,  all  of  which  are 
small  stemless  species,  and  have  their  stamens  included 
in  the  perianth. 

Thus  we  must  class  the  male  parent  among  the 
dv/arfs,  and  the  female  parent  among  the  giants  of  the 
genus,  and  few  people,  looking  at  the  two  plants  side 
by  side,  would  expect  to  obtain  a  hybrid  between 
them.  Turning  to  the  hybrid  itself,  we  find  that  it 
is  interesting  not  only  in  partaking  of  the  characters 
of  both  parents,  but  at  the  s^me  time  in  being  so 
perfectly  different  from  either  that  were  its  parentage 
unknown  no  one  would  suspect  it  to  be  a  hybrid, 
and  least  of  all  a  hybrid  between  its  real  parents. 

In  the  possession  of  a  stem,  and  in  the  number  of 
years  it  has  taken  for  it  to  arrive  at  flowering  matu- 
rity, it  resembles  the  female  parent,  whilst  in  the 
tendency  which  some  of  the  plants  have  to  produce 
shoots  upon  their  stems  it  resembles  the  male 
parent,  which  produces  offsets  at  the  base.  The  leaves 
in  their  erect  or  slightly  incurved  habit,  and  the 
presence  of  tubercles  on  the  face  and  back,  exhibit  in 
a  degree  the  characteiistics  of  the  male  parent,  since 
in  the  female  parent  the  leaves  are  very  spreading, 
quite  smooth  on  the  face  and  back,  and  strongly 
falcate  (whence  the  name  drepanophylla)  ;  some 
leaves  of  the  hybrid  are  also  somewhat  falcate,  show- 
ing perhaps  a  slight  trace  of  the  female  element  ;  in 
size  the  leaves  of  the  hybrid  are  intermediate  between 
those  of  the  parents. 

In  the  erect  flower-stem  more  lax  arrangement 
and  droop  of  the  flowers  it  partakes  of  the  characters 
of  the  male  parent  (the  female  parent  having  spread- 
ing flower-stems  with  very  numerous  densely  packed 
and  more  spreading  flowers),  whilst  in  the  colour  of 
the  flower,  and  in  having  exserted  stamens  it  resembles 
the  female  parent.  The  form  of  the  flower  is  different 
from  both  parents.  In  shape  the  bracts  are  inter- 
mediate, but  in  the  brown  nerves  they  resemble  the 
female  parent.  The  whitish  colour  of  the  open 
flowers,  which  is  a  very  rare  colour  in  this  genus,  and 
effectively  contrasts  with  the  deep  coral-red  of  the 
unexpanded  buds,  at  once  renders  this  an  attractive 
and  conspicuous  plant  among  its  fellows.  My  draw- 
ing of  it  (fig.  8)  represents,  B,  the  entire  plant  of  the 
hybrid  one-third  its  natural  size,  and  a  leaf,  bract  and 
flower  of  ditto,  natural  size.  A  represents  the  leaf, 
bract  and  flower  of  the  seed-producing  parent,  A.  dre- 
panoph)lla,  all  natural  size,  and  C  the  leaf,  bract, 
and  flower  of  the  male  parent,  A.  echinata,  also  all 
natural  size.  The  following  is  a  description  of  this 
fine  hybrid,  which  is  I  think  the  most  interesting  yet 
recorded  for  the  genus,  although  Mr.  Cooper  has 
another  and  far  more  interesting  one  botanically,  of 
which  I  shall  give  an  account  on  a  future  occasion. 

Stem  in  the  plants  seen  at  this  date  about  3  inches 
high,  and  |  — f  inch  thick,  crowned  with  a  rosette  of 
about  30—40  ascending  and  often  slightly  incurved 
and  slightly  falcate  glaucous-green  leaves,  7  — 11  inches 
long,  gradually  tapering  from  a  i  —  \\  inch  broad  base 
to  a  rather  fine  point  ;  flat  on  the  face,  or  sometimes 
concave  towards  the  apex  from  the  margins  being  in- 
rolled,  with  an  excentric  median  row  of  small  prickles 
or  tubercular  points,  and  sometimes  a  shorter  row  of 
smaller  ones  on  each  side  of  it,  or  now  and  then  with- 
out prickles  on  the  face.  Convex  on  the  back  wiih 
several  longitudinal  rows  of  small  tubercular  points. 
Towards  the  apex  of  the  leaf,  one  or  two  of  the  rows 
often  develope  into  decided  prickles.  Margins  some- 
times, but  not  always,  incurved  towards  the  apex  of 
the  leaf,  armed  with  prickles  about  \  —  \  line  long,  of 
a  rather  paler  green  than  the  rest  of  the  leaf.  Flower- 
stem  iS— 20  inches  high,  erect,  clothed  almost  from 
the  base,  but  not  at  all  densely,  with  elHptic-oblong 
or  elliptic-ovate,  acuminate,  membranous,  whitish 
bracts,  with  brown  nerves  6 — 9  lines  long.  Flowers 
racemose,  numerous  (forty  to  fifty),  pedicels  8 — 12 


TULV    II, 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


41 


lines  long,  ascending,  longer  than  the  bracts,  green 
when  the  flower  is  open.  Buds  at  first  erect,  after- 
wards drooping,  deep  coral-red,  changing  on  expansion 
to  whitish,  with  three  green  dorsal  lines  towards  the 
apex  of  the  perianth  segments.  Perianth  straight, 
15 — 16  lines  long,  4  lines  in  diameter  at  the  middle, 
where  it  is  very  slightly  inflated.  Stamens  exserted 
3— 4i  lines  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  perianth,  fila- 
ments yellow,  anthers  burnt-sienna  coloured.  N.  E. 
Brown,  Herbarium,  A'cui. 


Fig.  8. — alob  insignisx,  n.  k.  brown. 

,  Entire  plant,  one-third  natural  size,  with  leaf  (to  the  left),  bract,  and  flower,  natural  size  ;  A,  Leaf,  bract,  and  flower  of  female 
parent.  Aloe  drepanophylla,  natural  size  ;   c.  Leaf,  bract,  and  flower  of  male  parent.  Aloe  echinata,  natural  size. 


mn\\\i  ||otj)»  and  il^airinp. 


ORCHID  PRUNING. 
In  continuation  of  my  pruning  experience  I  have 
to  record  the  history  of  a  Lselia  anceps.  In  1873  I 
obtained  a  plant  consisting  of  three  bulbs  with  a  leaf 
to  each.  It  grew  and  bloomed  yearly,  and  as  a 
matter  of  course  the  old  back  growths  lost  their 
foliage  as  time  passed  away.  Alhough  I  was  con- 
scious that  I  had  in  Lcelia  a  plant  differing  con-* 
siderably,  both  in  its  growth  and  requirementi,  to 
either  of  the  species  .already  mentioned,  yet  I  con- 
sidered it  right  and  proper  to  cut  away  these  old  leaf- 
less bulbs.  Therefore,  at  potting  time,  when  the 
operation  could  be  better  performed,  I  cut  out  the 
bulbs,  rhizome  and  all,  close  up  to  the  bulbs,  which 
retained  good*  healthy  foliage.  This  has  been  my 
practice  ever  since  at  potting  time.  The  plant  broke 
away  very  freely,  and  produced  strong  spikes  and  fine 
bloom  every  year.  And  notwithstanding  that  I  took 
off  a  largd  piece  on  one  occasion  to  have  a  second 
plant,  and  small  pieces  often  for  friends,  the  plant  was 
sufficiently  attractive  to  the  eye  of  Mr.  Outram,  who 
made  a  bid  for  it  on  behalf  of  his  firm  ;  and  our  second 
plant  was  coming  on.  Moreover  we  were  glad  to  thin 
out,  so  by  the  consent  of  Mrs.  Ilaselfoot  {my  employer) 
the  plant  was  allowed  to  go  to  the  IloUoway  nur- 
series for  £6.  It  had  eleven  spikes,  bearing  a  total 
of  thirty-two  blooms,  only  one  leafless  bulb,  but  quite 
a  mass  of  fine  healthy  foliage.  This  was  in  February, 
18S4— a  little  over  ten  years  after  receiving  it. 
The  piece  taken  from  it,  and  which  we  still  possess, 
produced  thirty-one  blooms  this  present  year.  It  was 
seen  by  many  lovers  of  Orchids,  and  specially  admired 
by  Dr.  Ward  of  Southampton,  who  is  one  of  the 
greatest  lovers  of  Orchids  in  this  district,  and  whose 
opinion  is  valued  all  over  the  kingdom.  This  speci- 
men contains  at  the  present  time  two  leafless  bulbs, 
thirty-one  with  fine  leaves,  and  is  breaking  very 
strongly  nine  new  growths.  This  plant,  like  our 
first,  has  been  pruned  at  potting-time,  which  takes 
place  with  me  about  every  third  year,  and  would  be 
worth  £$  at  least  to  the  trade  at  the  present  time.  Here 
then  we  have  obtained  £11  value  from  the  three  bulbs 
of  1S73,  and  have  also  a  fine  young  No.  3  specimen 
coming  on.  Can  it  be  said  in  the  face  of  these  facts 
that  pruning  weakens  the  plants  ? 

If  pruning  out  the  old  worn-out  back-growths  is 
ruinous,  as  has  been  stated  by  the  objectors  to  the 
system,  then  the  whole  of  our  little  collection  should 
have  been  on  the  rubbish-heap  long  ago,  for  a  large 
majority  of  them  have  been  pruned.  But  I  think 
sufficient  has  been  shown  to  satisfy  reasonable  men 
that  pruning,  as  I  have  it,  is  not  injurious  to  the 
health  and  vigour  of  many  species  of  Orchids  ;  in 
fact,  I  have  a  very  strong  opinion  that  many  of 
the  species  really  grow  stronger  and  look  healthiei, 
and  they  certainly  require  less  pot-room,  when 
pruned. 

I  have  now  to  speak  of  Cattleyas,  but  cannot 
go  back  many  years,  as  my  knowledge  of  these  has 
been  more  recently  acquired,  but  for  four  years 
I  have  pruned  C.  Harrisonise,  C.  intermedia, 
C.  Mendelii,  C.  Mossice,  and  others.  All  of 
them  look  healthy ;  they  grow  well,  and  bloom 
very  freely.  Moreover,  their  appearance  is  improved, 
and  this  counts  something  with  most  people.  I  have 
just  started  the  practice  with  a  plant  of  Ansellia 
africana.  In  March  last,  while  the  plant  was  resting, 
I  took  it  in  hand  for  repotting.  It  bloomed  last  year 
but  made  very  weak  growth — so  weak  that  I  did  not 
expect  it  to  bloom  this  year.  I  therefore  determined 
to  shake  it  out  and  start  afresh.  It  had  but  one  lead, 
but  seven  growths,  two  with  foliage  and  five  quite 
bare,  I  cut  four  of  the  back  ones  out,  repotted  the 
plant,  and  it  soon  started  into  growth  at  two  places, 
and  is  now  rooting  very  freely  and  pushing  up  two 


42 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  n,  i8 


strong  growths.  I  cannot  believe  that  it  would  have 
started  stronger  if  I  had  left  the  old  growth  still  on. 

I  am  quite  satisfied  with  the  results  of  pruning,  so  far 
as  I  have  tried  the  system,  and  as  I  have  given  the 
matter  some  years  of  attention  and  practice  I  will 
close  my  present  notes  on  the  subject  by  giving  three 
rules,  which  I  think  are  very  important  to  a  perfect 
knowledge  of  the  culture  of  Orchids.  Since  I  have 
followed  these  my  plan  of  procedure  has  been  shaped 
accordingly. 

The  first  is  to  bear  in  mind  that  Orchids  are  never 
quite  stationary  as  to  growth,  like  other  plants,  but 
are  alway  moving  onward.  Every  new  growth  throws 
out  roots  which  require  to  be  fed,  and  these  growths 
soon  become  independent  plants,  and  moreover  the 
roots  attached  to  any  bulb  do  not  live  many 
years.  In  some  cases  they  die  annually.  The 
second  rule  is  to  ascertain  at  what  age  the  young 
growths  will  produce  their  bloom,  and  how  many 
times  or  seasons  will  thesa  continue  to  bloom  ;  also 
in  what  manner  they  will  produce  new  growth,  and 
when  they  lose  the  power  to  break  afresh.  Rule 
three  is  to  remember  that,  though  Nature's  law  is 
slow  in  its  operation  to  separate  the  dying  from  the 
living,  it  does  not  follow  that  this  law  must  be  rigidly 
adhered  to  when  plants  are  brought  under  cultivation. 
Of  course  there  are  many  other  things  to  know,  such 
as  seasons  of  growing,  of  resting,  watering,  shading, 
temperature,  and  a  hundred  other  things,  but  above 
all,  the  individuality  of  every  species.  But  these 
things  are  generally  known  and  written  about.  N. 
BlanJford. 

Orchids  and  Pitcher-plants  at  Bocicing 

Place. 
The  effect  of  these  when  arranged  together  is  well 
exemplified  in  the  well-grown  collection  belonging  to 
Sydney  Court.;uld,  Esq.,  at  Btaintree,  where  the 
three  principal  Orchid-houses  are  very  showy  and 
interesting  with  rare  and  well-grown  plants  in  flower. 
Suspended  over  the  tank  in  the  warmest  house  is  a 
splendid  collection  of  Nepenthes,  including  all  the 
obtainable  species  in  cultivation — some  of  the  rarer 
ones,  such  as  N.  Norlhiana,  bearing  unusually  fine 
pitchers ;  indeed,  the  whole  collection  shows  the 
plants  at  their  very  best,  and  it  is  difficult  to  imagine 
anything  more  noble,  showy,  or  curious  than  the 
large  blood-red  pitchers  on  Mr.  Courlauld's  specimen 
of  N.  sanguinea  and  N.  Mastersiana  v. ,  the  horny, 
hirsute  ones  on  N.  Veilchii,  or  the  richly  mottled  leaf 
appendages  on  N.  Rafllesiana  and  its  allies.  About 
the  house  are  arranged  many  fine  Orchids  in  bloom, 
the  pouches  of  the  Cypripediums  seeming  much  in 
keeping  with  the  pitchers  of  the  Nepenthes  overhead. 
One  fine  plant  of  the  best  variety  of  C.  Stonei  has 
two  spikes  of  eight  flowers;  C.  niveum  fifteen  snowy 
blooms  ;  C.  Veitchii  equally  good,  and  many  nice 
specimens  of  C.  barbatum  superbum,  C.  Roeziii,  and 
Phalsenopsis  grandiflora.  Also  good  in  this  house  are 
many  forms  of  Odontoglossum  Roeziii,  Dendrobium 
Lowianum,  Dendrochilum  filiforme  with  many  spikes, 
Broughtonia  sanguinea,  Oncidium  Papilio,  and  some 
Aerides  and  Saccolabiums,  the  whole  being  very 
effectively  displayed  with  the  Nepenthes. 

The  principal  flowering  plant-house  is  gay  with 
many  excellent  examples  of  the  many  varieties 
of  Odontoglossum  Alexandrse,  O.  Pescatorei  and 
other  Odontoglots,  including  some  well  bloomed 
masses  of  O,  vexillarium,  many  handsome  and  high- 
coloured  forms  of  Masdevallia  Ilarryana,  and  a 
charming  specimen  of  the  lovely  M.  rosea  with  about 
100  blooms  ;  also  good  M.  Veitchii  and  M.  Shuttle- 
worthii.  Among  the  other  plants  are  some  wcll- 
flowered  Vanda  lamellata,  Lycaste  Deppei,  L.  aro- 
matica,  L:elia  xanthina,  many  Epidendrum  vitellinum 
majus,  E.  nemorale,  E.  variegatum,  Angra^cum  faica* 
turn,  Promenxa  cittina,  with  thirty  blooms  ;  Oncidium 
macranthum,  with  twenty  flowers  on  a  spike  ;  O.  cris- 
pum,  Sobralia  macrantha  nana,  Ulricularia  Endresii, 
Cypripedium  Dominianum,  C.  Schlimii,  in  very  robust 
condition  ;  Odontoglossum  citrosmum,  with  thirty 
flowers  on  one  spike  ;  O.  CEerstdii,  Epidendrum 
Wallisii.  The  unique  and  healthy  collection  in  the 
Masdevallia-house  also  contributed  some  rare  things, 
both  curious  and  beautiful,  to  add  variety  to  the 
display  in  the  show-house,  and  among  those  may 
be  noted  Masdevallia  leontoglossa,  very  curious  ;  M. 
porcellipes,  like  a  smaller  form  of  M.  leontoglossa, 
M.  velifera,  M.  Bonplandii,  M.  coriacea,  M.  gem- 
mata,  and  M,  tridactylites  with  numerous  flowers 
like  brown  beetles  ;  M.  Macruta,  M.  ionocharis,  M. 
Chelsoni,  M.  Wallisii  discoidea,  and  several  forms  of 


M.  chim.Tsra.  It  may  be  noted,  too,  that  the  rare 
and  curious  Coryanthes  macrantha,  and  equally 
uncommon  Eriopsis  biloba  have  juU  bloomed  here  in 
great  perfection.  In  the  Cattleya-house  a  good  show 
is  still  kept  up  with  many  varieties  of  C.  Mossire,  C. 
Mendelii,  C.  gigas,  and  C.  Warneii,  one  form  of  tue 
last-named  with  gigantic  flowers,  and  another  of 
Sander's  form  of  C.  gigas  with  higly-coloured  flowers 
on  a  spike,  being  of  remarkable  beauty.  It  is  a 
pleasure  to  note  that  the  Bocking  Orchids,  under 
the  management  of  Mr.  Alfred  Wright,  are  fast 
coming  to  the  front  rank  for  clean,  healthy,  well- 
grown  and  well-flowered  plants  in  every  depart- 
ment, the  Catileyasand  Lslias  especially,  which  used 
formerly  to  be  difficult  here,  being  now  in  grand 
vigour,  y.  O'B. 

Odontoglossum  ve.xillarium  at  Pickering 
Lodge,  Timperley. 

This  species  affords  a  sight  that  should  be  seen  by 
every  one  interested  in  these  beautiful  flowers.  The 
centre  stage  of  the  house  they  occupy  is  simply  solid, 
to  the  enormous  number  of  about  10,000  blooms. 
This  seems  almost  incredible,  but  here  they  are,  and  of 
such  grand  forms,  some  measuring  across  the  lip 
3:1  inches,  and  ^\  inches  deep,  from  almost  white  to 
the  very  darkest  varieties,  and  in  some  cases  beauti- 
fully spotted.  I  should  say  there  is  not  such  a  sight 
to  be  seen  in  any  other  establishment  like  this  just 
now,  and  the  foliage  is  of  such  colour  !— none  of  the 
rust,  as  sometimes  seen  upon  them  ;  they  are  more 
like  well-grown  Leeks.  The  plants  are  full  of  dark, 
vigorous  growth.  The  forthcoming  Rose  show  will 
afford  visitors  a  good  opportunity  of  visiting  this 
establishment,  and  I  would  advise  all  to  see  them, 
and  they  can  then  form  their  own  opinion  of  it.  The 
Eucharis  here  are  in  grand  form.  I  noticed  one  that 
I  believe  is  not  yet  named  ;  the  leaves  are  slightly 
ribbed,  but  not  so  much  as  Sanderii,  about  3  inches 
across  ;  the  flowers,  if  possible,  purer  in  whiteness 
than  E.  amazonica.  In  one  of  the  Odontoglossum 
Alexandra;  houses  I  counted  about  seventy  spikes  of 
splendidly  formed  flowers,  and  of  very  superior  qual- 
ity. The  Phal.-enopsis-house  is  also  very  fine,  every 
plant  being  full  of  vigorous  health.  The  huge  giants 
of  Cattleyas  and  Lxlias  are  in  grand  healthy  condi- 
tion. I  noticed  some  fine  forms  of  Callleya  Sanderi- 
ana,  Mendelii,  and  numerous  others,  but  the  majoruy 
of  these  have  done  flowering,  though  the  plants  in 
themselves  are  sufiiciently  interesting  to  those  practic- 
ally acquainted  with  them.  Cypripedium  niveum  are 
very  beautiful,  carrying  quantities  of  their  white 
flowers.  Masdevallias  are  full  of  vigorous  growth  and 
fine  colour.  Mr.  Hardy  has  recently  rebuilt  most 
of  his  glass,  and  must  have  spent  a  v.ast  sum  to  bring 
this  collection  to  its  present  magnitude.  Two  vineries 
rebuilt  and  planted  in  March  last  are  promising  to 
give  good  return  for  the  expenditure  ;  the  Vines  have 
run  to  the  top  of  the  houses  with  good  canes,  almost  as 
thick  as  a  walking-stick,  with  close-jointed  wood. 
The  whole  establishment,  is,  in  fact,  one  thorough 
practical  work  ;  whatever  Mr.  Hardy  takes  in  hand 
he  does  not  do  by  halves,  but  in  right  down  earnest. 
Let  me  once  more  impress  upon  strangers  visiting  the 
Rose  show  not  to  miss  the  sight  of  the  vexillarium, 
which  alone  will  well  repay  all  lovers  of  Orchids. 
S,  Johnson,  Clarendon  Nursery,  Sale. 


out  readers  might  not  thank  us,  it  may  suffice  to  say 
that  in  this  plant  we  have  the  foliage  of  P.  racemosa, 
the  inflorescence  of  P.  cceiulea,  the  white.  The 
internal  conformation  is  more  like  that  of  P.  racemosa, 
and  the  coloration  of  the  sepals  and  petals  interme- 
diate between  the  two,  that  of  the  coronal  threads, 
however,  being  in  one  of  the  two  flowers  like  that  of 
Constance  Elliott. 

It  is  very  interesting  to  note  that  one  of  the  earliest 
hybrid  Passion-flowers  raised  was  that  known  as  P. 
cojruleo  x  racemosa,  a  hybrid  between  the  same  two 
species  as  that  before  us ;  but  in  P.  cceruleo-racemosa 
the  leaves  are  mostly  five-lobed,  not  peltate,  deep 
green,  and  intermediate  between  those  of  the  parents, 
while  in  the  cross  before  us  the  foliage  is  more  dis- 
tinctly like  that  of  P.  racemcsa.  The  structure  of 
the  flower  in  our  present  hybrid  is  essentially  the 
same  as  in  P.  cct-ruleo  x  racemosa,  with  the  exception 
that  in  one  flower  the  outermost  coronal  threads,  as 
we  have  said,  are  ivory-white,  as  in  Constance 
Elliott. 

It  is  a  very  singular  circumstance  that  the  colour  of 
Mr.  Geeson's  hybrid  should  be  so  exactly  that  of  P. 
cceruleo-racemosa,  for,  although  Constance  Elliott 
is  a  derivative  from  P  .cxrulea,  her  flowers  are  ivory- 
white,  and  yet  in  her  descendants  (crossed  with  P. 
racemosa)  the  dull  purplish  hue,  caused  by  the  ad- 
mixture of  the  blue  of  one  parent  and  the  bright  pink 
of  the  other,  comes  out.  The  hereditary  tendency, 
latent  in  Constance  Elliott,  thus  shows  itself  in 
her  descendants.  The  original  P.  cceruleo-racemosa 
was  raised  by  Milne  at  Fulham,  in  1S19,  and  as  it 
appears  the  pollen  parent  was  also  P.  co^rulea. 
SaLiine,  in  describing  this,  mentions  that  there  was 
great  variation  in  the  products  of  this  cross  ;  and 
Gaertner,  who  crossed  the  two  species  reciprocally, 
also  mentions  the  variations  he  obtained.  l-or  a 
summary  of  the  history  ol  these  hybrids  the  reader 
may  be  referred  to  Dr.  Focke's  uselul  work.  Die 
B/laiizen  Mischlitise. 

It  is  a  well  known  fact,  commented  on  by  all  recent 
writers  on  hybridism,  that  Passion  flowers  are  often 
infertile  wiih  their  own  pollen  (like  the  Aloe  mm- 
tiontd  in  ihc  present  number,  p.  40,  col.  b),  even  when 
it  is  applied  artificially  ;  but  this  is  not  universal,  for 
P.  cojiulea  near  London  fruits  abundantly  on  outside 
walls  in  some  seasons  under  conditions  which  would 
appear  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  any  impregnation 
save  that  by  its  own  pollen.  Possibly,  however,  the 
seed  may  not  be  fertile.  This  is  a  point  to  be 
cleared  up.  M.  T.  M. 


HYBRID    PASSION-FLOWER. 

Mr.  Geeso.N',  of  The  Gardens,  Haldon,  near 
Exeter,  sends  us  flowers  of  a  hybrid  Passion-flower 
raised  by  him  between  P.  racemosa  (better  known  in 
gardens  as  P.  piinceps),  as  the  seed  parent,  and  the 
white  form  of  P.  coerulea  known  as  Constance  Elliott. 

The  cross  is  a  very  interesting  one  botanically,  and 
may  turn  out  important  horticulturally,  for  if  Mr. 
Geeson  can  succeed  in  combining  the  hardiness  of  P. 
ccerulea  with  the  inflorescence  and  colour  of  P.  race- 
mosa, he  will  accomplish  a  feat  which  should  entitle 
him  to  the  thanks  of  all  gardeners.  The  specimens 
sent  comprise  a  leaf  which  has  the  form  and  yellowish- 
green  colour  of  that  of  P.  racemosa,  and  two  flowers 
which  have  the  internal  conformation  of  those  of  P. 
racemosa,  but  which  differ  in  colour,  the  sepals  being 
of  a  dull  lilac,  and  the  petals  also  of  lilac  somewhat 
deeper  and  brighter.  The  flowers  are  borne,  Mr. 
Geeson  tells  us,  on  the  joints  (axillary),  not  in 
bunches,  as  in  P.  racemosa— r'.f.,  in  terminal  race- 
mose clusters. 

Hence,  omitting  minute  botanical  detail  for  which 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

The  "  Centennial  "  Cherry  is  a  seedling  from 
Napoleon  Bigarieau,  being  raised  in  Napa  Valley 
by  Mr.  Henry  Chapman,  and  sent  out  by  Coates 
&  Tool,  of  the  Napa  Valley  Nurseries,  Napa,  Cali- 
fornia, and  fruited  by  Mr.  Chapman  for  the  first 
lime  in  1S76.  It  is  alleged  to  be  the  most  valuable 
shipping  and  canning  Cherry  in  the  world.  The 
fruit  is  larger  than  its  parent,  more  oblate  in  form,  and 
of  a  slightly  higher  colour.  It  is  sweeter  than  Napo- 
leon, and  has  a  smaller  ;eed,  but  its  chief  value  lies 
in  its  firmness.  [A  sample  forwarded  to  us,  which 
was  picked  June  i,  1S85,  arrived  in  not  quite  so 
bad  a  condition  as  the  length  of  time  the  fruits  had 
been  packed  would  warrant  us  to  expect.  Ed.] 

Whinham's  "Industry"  Gooseberry. 

Among  the  many  varieties  of  Gooseberries,  none 
have  deservedly  gained  so  rapidly  in  public  estima- 
tion as  Whinham's  Industry.  This  is  not  a  very  new 
variety,  but  one  that  well  deserves  a  much  more  exten- 
sive cultivation.  Wiiere  grown  it  is  highly  appreciated 
for  its  many  excellent  qualities.  It  is  of  very  vigorous 
growth,  a  heavy  cropper,  and  bearing  a  large  beiry. 
For  gathering  green,  few  are  superior  to  it.  When 
ripe  it  is  a  splendid  red  fruit.  This  is  one  of  the  few 
sorts  that  do  well  in  America,  not  being  troubled  by 
mildew,  and  some  excellent  authorities  in  the  States 
have  expressed  an  opinion  that  it  will  revolutionise 
Gooseberry  culture  in  America.  A  correspondent 
stales  that  "  Whinham's  Industry  surpasses  any  of  the 
older  varieties  for  growth,  bearing,  and,  what  is  of 
great  importance  to  market  gardeners,  its  earliness, 
weight  and  size  of  berry.  From  a  plantation  of  two 
and  a  half  years,  say  three  summers' growth,  at  the 
time  of  gathering  my  average  crop  was,  from  ten  trees, 
one  pot,  local  measure,  or  84  lb.  berries.  The 
growth  is  so  vigorous  that  trees  planted  6  feet  by  5 
feet  are  nearly,  and  in  some  cases  touching  each 
other." 

We  send  you  by  same  post  a  few  branches  taken  at 
random  from  a  quantity  of  trees  in  full  crop,  and  we 
think  you  will  agree  with  us  that,  bearing  in  mind 
the  number  of  berries  on  the  branches,  this  variety  is 
capable  of  yielding  an  immense  crop  of  large  and 
excellent  fruit,  Richard  .Smith  &=  Co.,  Si.  John's 
Nurseries,  Worcester.  [The  sample  sent  amply  con- 
firmed our  correspondents'  statement.   Ed,] 


JlU.Y    II.     1SS5  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


43 


REPORT    ON    THE    CONDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CROPS. 

[FROM    OUR    OWN    CORRESPONDENTS,    JULY,    1885.] 


5C0TLAr.D. 
AUERDEEN    

ARGYLL    

BANFF   

BERWICK    

CAITHNESS    

CLACKMAN.N'AN 

DUMBARTON   

DUMFRIES     

F.AST   LOTHIAN  ... 

FIFE    

FORFAR    


INVERNESS 


Undo 
Undti 


PLUMS.      CHERRIES. 


Under  aver.ige  Ui.dc 

.\veiage ;  good  Aver 

Under        I      Av 


Under 

Under 

Under  ;  g'iod 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under  ;  very 

Under 

Und. 


PEACHES 

AND  NEC- 
TARINES. 


r;ige|Undc; 
.igc  :  Over 


age 


KINROSS 

MIDLOIHIAN Over  average 

very  good 
Over  average 

MORAY !        Under 


ORKNEY . 
PEEBLES. 
PERTH  ... 


ROXBURGH Ov 


Under 
G.od 


Under 

ge  Average ;  good 
I         Under 
Average 
i     Early  bad  ; 

u.,^i:^rt.rj 

good 
Average 


.\ver.'.ge  ;  good 
Average  ;  very 


Under 


Extra  good  ; 


Under 


Average 


Very  few  ; 
aierage 
Under 


Jolin    Forest.    The   CarJens 

Haddo  House 
John  Proctor,  Slaines  Castle 

R.  Fariiuliar.  Fyvie  Castle 

James     F.     Smiih,    Dunech 


,G.     Taylor,    1 

Gardens 
John  Webster 


Gordc 


Average 

very  soo 

UnJer 


Castle 
.  Castle 
Ayton 


Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 
.\verage  ;  good  I O' 

Under        j 
.Average  ;  good 


Over 
Very  good 

Average 


Average ;  not 

Aver^"  e 

Under;  good 

Under 


^erage 
ige .  s,oi 


Average  :  good 
Under  ;  g 

good 
Average  ;  good 


.\verage  ;  good  -Vverage 


STIRLING    

SUIHERLANl)     .. 
WIGTON    

ENGLAND 
NORTHERN 
COUNTIES. 

CUMBERLAND     .. 
WESTMORELAND 

DURHAM 

YORKSHIRE 

LANCASHIRE     ... 


Average ;  vet 
Average 


Over  average 
Under ;  good 
Average ;  good 
Average ;  good 
Over 


Under 
Average;  virj 

Under  average 


Ui.dei 
Under; 
Under  avt 


Mo 


g.od 


■age 


Unde: 


.\verage  ; 
.Vvvrage; 


Under 
Very  good 


Under 

Over  ;  very 

good 

Average   good 

Good  ;  very 
go.d 


Under 
Bad 

Under ;  good 

Under  averagt 

Moderate 

Average  on 
ivalls;    good 

Under 
Average 

Under 


Under 
Under ;  goad 


Good 
Average       [  .... 

Very  good  |  Very  good 
Average ;  good!  Ovcr:g;o( 
Under  ;  good   -Average  :  good -Average  :  good 

Under         '  Good  average  !       Average 
Under  average  Good 

Average :  good  .... 


I     Ycry  1 


rage;  good; 
Morellos    very 


Ov 


-Average 


Average  ;  very 
good 
Under 

Under;    bad 


Abundant 
very  fine 
-Average 


bla  k  good  ; 

Gooseberries 

average 


Average  ;  very 
good 
Under 


:    bad  i    Over  ;  good 
;  good  .Average;  good 


Ov..r  j 

Verygocd     , 
Average 
Average  ;  good  Under  ; 
Over 


Over  average 
good 

Average 

3vcr :  good 


iam    Richards* 
astle  Gardens.  Ayto 
John    Sutherland,    Langwell, 

Uerridale 
["hnmas  Ormiston,  -Alloa  Park 

Gardens 
James  Dewar,  The  Gardens, 

Beecbwood.  Tillicoultry 
Jno.    Mitchell,     Camiseskan, 

Helensburgh 
James  Smart,  RaehilLs,  Lock- 

..  Dow,  The   Gardtns,  New 
I     Byth.  Prestonklrk 
ijohn  Proctor,  The   Gardens, 

Donit.ristle 
James      Mitchell,     Panmure 
Gardens,  CarnouMic 

esponrlcnt,    in  the  Carse 


A.      Macdonald,     Ealinacaan 
Gardens 

John  Fortune,  Blair  Adam 

Malcolm      Dunn,       Dalkeith 
Gardens,  Midlothian 

Charles  Johnston,    Dalhousie 
Castle  Cn'dens 
onald    Cunningham,    Darn- 
away  Castle  Gardens,  Forres 


.  McDonald.  B-ilfour 
stle  Gardens,  Kirkwall 

Malcolm  Mclnlyrc,  The 
Glen,  Innerleithen 

John  Robb,  Druramoni 
Castle  Gardens 

J.  Mackay,  Tarbat  G.irdens, 
Parkhill 

D-  Harvey,  Gardens,  Inver- 
gorden Castle 

John  Gallownv,  Minto  Car- 
dens,  Hawick 

Archibald   McKcllor,    Floors 

Gardens,  Kelso 

aurice  Fit;«crald,  Dunmore 

Park,  Stirling 
n.  Melville,  Dunrobin  Castle 

Golspie 
Archibald      Fowlc 


Kennedy,  Stt 


Castle 


Under 
Under 


Under 
A  vet-age 


Full  crop 
I  L'nder ;  good 


V\*ry  good 


Oi  er  average 

Very  good 
Average  ;  very 


Under  ;  good  -Average  ;  goi  d 
.Average;  good:    Under  ;  bad 
Under  aver.i;c  Good  average 
Very  good  Good 


rry  good 

er ;  good    -Avcrag 


-   Hammond,  The   Gardens, 
Brayton,  Carlisle 

V.      A.      Miller,     Underley, 
Kirkhy  Lonsdale 

idward    Evans,   Storry   Gar- 
dens, Windermere 
J-    Hunter,    Lambton   Fence 


Fowler.  The  Gard 

ewood  Hoitse,  Le»d 

[Thomas  Jnnes,  T  he  Gard, 


Walnu's  .,uly  i     Ribston  Hall.  Wetherl.5 
-Average ;  goodj    Under,  bad    [Robert    C.     Kingston.     IJran- 
tingham    Thorpe,    Broigh. 
Good :  very  Average       I  Joseph  Shaw,    Nunappleloir, 

good  I  I      Bolton  Percy 

\'ery  good     |      Moderate     iWilliam    Culverwell,    Thorpe 


Under  aver- 
age :  good 
Oier;    good 

Average 


Average  ; 

All  boa 
cropjicd  ; 

Over 

Aliiindai 

late 

Undei 


c  ;  good  „ . . 

good    Walnuts 


W.  B   Upjohn,  Worsley  Hall 

Gardens 
Win.    P.    Roberts,    Cuerden 

Hall,  Preston 

F.  Harrison,  Knowsley 
Andrew  Jamie^on,  The  Gar- 
dens, Haigh  Hall,  Wigan 
Henry  Lindsay,  1  he  Gardens 
Huntioyde  Park 


MIDLAND 
COUNTIES. 
CHESHIRE 


44 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[Jui.v  II,   1885. 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  CROPS— (av;//«;m/.) 


MIDLAND 
COUNTIES- 
CHESHIRE  


STAFFORDSHIRE 


WARWICK  ... 


NORTH.AMPTON 


EASTERN 
COUNTIES 

LINCOLN 


APRICOTS.        PLUMS, 


PEACHES 
CHERRIES.      AND  NEC- 
TARINES, 


.Average 
Average;  good 

Average 
Average    good 


Average  ;good 

Over  ;  very 

good 
Over  ;  good 

Average 

Over 


Under  aver- 
age :  good 
Under  average 


Thin 
Under 
Under 
Under 
Under 


Average 

Average 

Over 

Under  average 

Under 

Average :  good 

Average 


partial  on 
orchard  stand- 


Under 

Good 

Average 

Under  ;  pro- 
mi-ing 
Average 

Average ;  goo 

Average 
Average ;  good 


Under  aver 
age  ;  good 
Average 

Average 


Average 

Under 
Average 


Average  ; 
Morellos    ove 


Average ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Average 

Over 

Average 

Under 

Over  average 

Over  average 

Over 


Under 
Average 


Average  ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

,-er  average 

Average 


Under  average 
Average 


Over;    go( 
Under 
Plentiful 
Under  average 
Under  ;  pro- 
Under  :  good 
Over  average  ; 

Under  average 

Average 

Under  aver 
age  ;  good 

Under  aver 
yge 


:r  average 

;avy  crop ; 
ery  good 


Average  Bad 

Over  ;    good  Under 


Average 
Over  average 
Over ;    good 

Plentiful 
Under  average 


Average;  good 
Morellos 
average. 
Under  average 


Under 
Average  :  good 
Average  ;  good 
r  average 


Fair 
Average 


Poor 
Under 


Under  Average 

•ver ;  good    Average ;  good 

Average       i  Good 

Under  average'  Over  average 
orchards,  on  walls 

e   plentiful  I 
I  trained 

Over  ;  good    Average  ;  good 


Over  ;  very 

Under 


Ov 


Average 
Average 
Average ;  good 
er  average 

Over 


erage     Over  average 

Over 

Average 

Under 

Average 

Under  average 


Under 

Average  ;  good 

Under  aver- 
age :  good 
Average  ;  very 


Under 


Average 
Average;  good 

Average 

Average ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Under  aver 

age  :  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Under 


Under 

Under 
Under 

Under  ;  pr 

mising 
Average ;  g< 

Average  ;  good 
Average ;  % 
Under  av 


Under 

Average 

Aveiage  ;  very 

Average 


age .  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 
Average ;  g< 


Average 


Under 
Under;  good 

Under:    bad 

Under 
Under ;  good 
Average ;  good 
Thin ;  under 


Average 
Under 

Under 

.\verage ;  gOi 
Average  ;  got 

Average 
Average 


Average ;  good 

Average 

Average  T 

Under 

1    Under ;  good 

I  Average ;  good 

I       Average 

Average 


Average  ;good 
Average 
Average 
Under 

Average ;  gc 

Under 

Under 
Average ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Over  average  ; 
Over 

Under  aver- 
age 

Under  aver- 
age 
Over  average 

Good  average 

Over 

Under  average 

Average 
Average ;  v 


Over 

Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 


Under;    bad 

Average 

Average 

Average ;  good 

Plentiful 

Under  average 

Average  ;   pro- 
ising 
average  ; 

erage  ; 


Over ;  goc 

Average 

Average 

Under  average 

Average  ;  good 

iver  average  ; 

very  good 
Dver  average 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


Average 

3ver ;  gooc 
)ver  average 


Robert      MacKellar,      Abney 

Hall  Gardens,  Cheadle 
O.  Thomas,  Chatsworth  Gar- 

rhos.  Keetley,  The  Gardens, 

Dai  ley  Abbey 
Richard  Carr,  Welbeck  Gar- 
is,  Worksop 

.   Woods,  The  Gardens, 
berton  Hall,  Worksop 
J.  Edmonds,  Bestwood  Lodge 

Gardens 
A.  Henderson,  Thoresby 
V.     S.     Kemp,    Offley    Villa, 
Shifnal 


Over  ;  very 

Over ;  good 
Average 
Average 
Average 
Abundant    and 
Average  ;  very 
)ver  average 

Average 


Average ;  good 
Average  ;  good 


Average 
Average 


imes  Lowden,  The  Quinta, 
Chirk 

Richard  Milne,  Sundorne 
Castle  Gardens.  Shreu-sbury 

Henry  Purser,  Berwick  Gar- 
dens, Shrewsbury 
V'm.      Davidson,      Sandon, 

Edwin    Simpson,  Wrottesley, 

Wolverhampton 
W.  Bennett,  Rangemore  Gar- 

W.  Ward,  Little  Aston  Gar- 
dens, Sutton  Coldfield 

John  Waliis,  Keele  Gardens, 
Newcastle 

James  Maclean,  The  Gardens, 
Beau  Manor  Park,  Lough- 
borough 

William  Ingram,  Belvoir 
Castle  Gardens 


Average  ;  good 
Abundz 


Abundant  ; 
Above  average 


Ov, 


ery 


good 


Under  average 


tver  average  ; 

very  good 
3ver  average 


Average ; 
k'alls  ver>'  good 
Over  ;  very 


Failure 

Over 
Average 


Under  aver- 
age :  bad 
)ver  average 


Plentiful  : 
very  good 
Average 

Average 
Over  average 


Jver  average 

Average 

Abundant ; 

)ver  average 

verj'  good 

Average ;  good 

Over  average 

Average  ;  good 

Over  average ; 
good 

Under  average  T 


Abundant ; 

iver  average ; 

very  good 
Dver  average 


Walnuts 
others  average 
Average 

Over 

Promising 

Average 

A\'erage 

Average  ;   pro- 
mising 
Average 


G  C.  Maynard.  Ihe  Gardens, 

Cole  Orton  Hall. 
John       Grey,        Normanton, 

Stamford. 
Hetiry  Mason.  The  Gardens, 

Eisbrook   Hall,  Uppingham 
Wm.  Miller,  Coombe  Abbey, 

Gardens.  Coventr>- 
Robt.       Greenfield,       Priory 

Gardens 
E.  Cooper,    Highbury   Moor 

Green,  Birmingham 
J.  Tugger,  Milton  Park  Gar- 
dens, Peterborough 
Edmund  Cole,  Althorp  Park 


Walnuts ; 

average 

Dver  average 

verage:  Wal- 


Charles  Turner,  The  Gardens, 
Cranfield  Court,  Newport 
Pagnell 

jaac  Watson,  Nuneham  Park 
Gardens 

has.  Hewett,  Sarsden  Gar- 
dens, Chipping  Norton 

'.    Doherty,  Wroxton  Abbey 
Gardens,  Banbury 
Benj.  Hope,  Middlelon  Park 
Gardens,  Bicester 
hos.       Bailey,       Shardeloes 
Garden,  Amersham 

ieo.  Thos.  Miles,  Wycombe 
Abbey  Gardens 


average 

Over  average  ilUnderaverage:'J,  Smith,  Mentmore 
good  I  Walnuts  over 

I  average  ;  good 
Average  ;  good        Average 


Averag" 

Average  ;  goodiAvcrage  ;  good 
Average 


Abundant  ; 

ver>'  good 

Average  ;  good 


Average ;  good 


Average        1  Ovei 

Average  Under 

Under  ;  good  Average  ;  good    O 

Over  average  ;  Over  average  ;  Ov 
good  good 

Under  Under 


Average 
Under 

Over  ;     very 

Average 

Under  ;  good 

Average 


Average 
Average 


Over  average ; 
Over  average 
Over ;  good 


Haskins,  Stowe 
George  Norman,  The  Gardens. 

Hatfield 
Richard  Ruffett,  Panshanger 

C    Mundell,    Moor    Park 
Gardens.  Rickmansworth 
Joseph    Thompson,   Gorhara- 
bury  Gardens,  St.  Alban's 


Very  good  Very  good 


Average 

Very  good 

Under 

Under 

Under  ;  good  , 

Average 

Under 

Over ;    good 

Average  ;  good  I 

Over 

Very  good 


David    Lumsden,      Bloxholir 

Hall  Gardens 
Thomas    Vinden,    Harlaxtoi 
Nlanor,  Grantham 


age 

Over  ;    good 
Average 
Average 

A\'erage 

Over;    good 

er  average ; 
goo«' 
Undi 


J.      Taylor, 

borough 
H.    Batchelor,   Catton  Park, 

Norwich 
Wm.  Shingler,  Melton    Con- 
James       Forder.      Hillington 

Hall.  King's  LjTin 

James  Sheppard,  Wolverstone 

Park.  Ipswich 
John     Waliis,    Orwell    Park, 

near  Ipswich 
Robert     Squibbs,     Ickworth, 

Bury  St.  Edmunds 
J.   Mill,  The  Gardens.    Ren- 

dlesham  Hall.  Woodbridge 
D.  T.  Fish,  Hardwicke,  Bury 

St.  Edmunds 
D.      Donald,      The     Green, 

Leyton 
W.     Bones,    Havering   Park, 


July  ii,   1885] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


45 


CONDITION   OF  THE   FRUIT  QKOV%— {Continued). 


EASTERN 
COUNTIES. 

ESSEX   


SOUTHERN 
COUNTIES. 

BERKS 


MIDDLESEX. 


ser  average 
very  good 
)ver  average 


Average 
Very  scarce 


Average  ;  very 
Average 


Over ;    g 

Average  ;  good 

.  Average ;  good 

Medium 

Average ;  not 
many  grown 
Over  average 

good 
Average  ;  good 


Average 

Average  ;  very 

good 

Average 

Average ;  good 
Average ;  very 


Average ;  very 

good 
I         Under 

Average 

Average;  gc 

■  ,  Under  average 

Under  average 


Under  ;  good 
Under  average 

Average 
Under  ;  good 


Average  ;  good 
Averagi 
Averagt 
erage  ;  very 


Average ;  good 
Very  scarce 


Average 
Average 


Average ;  good 
Under  average 

Under,    except 

on  walls 
Average  ;  very 

Over ;  good 

Light 

Average 

Over  average 

Over  average 

Average  ;  very 

g 
Over 

] 

Average  ;  very 

Average 

Under ;  good 

Under   aver- 
ige  ;  Damsons 

Under 
Under ;  good 

Over  average 

Total  failure 


Under 
Under  average 


Over  average  ; 

very  good 
Average  ;  good 


Under   ..    .. 
age;  good 


I    PEACHES    , 
CHERRIES.      AND  NEC-    ,     APPLES. 
TARINES.  i 


iver  average  ;  Under  average   Ov' 
very  good      i  [ 

Average  Average        '  Over  average 


Under  average 

Over  average 
Under  average 
Average ;  \ 

Average;  brd 
Over  average 

Over  ;    good 

Average ;  good 

Average  ;  very 

Scarce 

Average 

Average 

Average  ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Over ;    very 

Under  average 

Average ;  good 

r  average 


Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good     Over ;  good       O 
rage    O1 

Average 
Under  f  very  Average  ;  good 


very  good  ; 

Gooseberries 

and  Curiam: 

plentiful 

"  verage 


ver  average 
ejtcellent 
Average 


;  good       Under  ;  bad 
average 


r'cr  average 
very  good 
Average 


Average 
Good 

Average 

Under  average  Under  average 

Under  average  Under  average 

Under  average  Under  aver- 
on  walls  ;  very  age  ;  Morellos 
\.^A  -,ygr  average 

and  good 


Under  average 
Under  average 
Average ;  good 

Average  ;  good 
Average 

Over  ;   go( 

Average  ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Under  average 

Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 

Over  ;  good 
Average ;  good 


Average 
Fair  average 

Average;  very 
Average 

Over  average 

Over  average 
Faur  crop 

Average  ;  good 


Average ;  good 
Full  crop 

Over  average 


Full  crop 

Over ;  very 

Average  of 
some  kinds 

Average 

Over  average   Over  average 
I     very  good 
3ver  average   'Over  average: 
good         I     very  good 

Under  ;  good  i   Over  ;    very 

Average  Over  average 


Average 
Average ;  ve 


Over  average  ; 
Under  average 
Under 
Over  ;  very 
Bad 
Under  average 
Under  average 

Under 
Under  average 

Over 
Average  ;  good 

Over  average 

Much  below 

blighted 
Average 

Very  good 

Over  average 


Over  average 
very  good 

Light  crop 

Under 
Iver  average 
Over  average 


Average 

Under  average 

Average 


•  average 
■  average 


r-    Average  ;  good  Over  average; 
very   good 
Average        Over  average  ; 

Sweet,    under  :  .... 

bad:    Morellos 


WILTS     Very  good 


Average 
Under  average 
Under  average 

I         Under 

Average 

Under  average 
Under  average 


Average 

Under  average         n.vci<i}jc 
Under  average  Under  average 
Under  average    "^ — -  «,.-»-.«<. 


Under 


[Under  average 

Average       |       Average 
under  average  .... 

Over  average     Over  average 

Over  '         Under 

Under 

Under  average 
Average 


Average 
Very  good 
Average 


dropped  off 

'ver  average 

very  good 

Average  ;  gooi 


Over  average 
Average ;  gooc 


Under  average  Over  average 
Over  average  j  Over  average 
Over  average         Average 


Full  crop 


Red  and  Black 

Currants  o\ 

average 

Average 

Average 

Average  ;  good 


Jver  ;    very 


Plentiful  and 
Average  ;  good 
Average ;  good 
Heavy  crop 
Average 
Over  average 
Average ;  good 


Average 

Full  average 

Blackcurrants 

bad  ;  red   Cur- 

Its    average, 

very  good 

Average  ;  goof* 

Average  ;  good 


Jver  average 
\''ery  good 

Good 
Average ;  good 

Averag( 
Good  and 


:r  average 

good 
:r  average 


Average 
Average 


Average 


Average ;  very 
good 
Average 


Average 
Average ;  good 


Average 


very  good 
Over ;  good 

Good  crop,  but 

late 

Average 

Under  average 


Average 
Under 


:rage  Average  ;good 
:  Average 


Good,  and 
plenty  of  Wal 


erage 


Average 


Average  ;,good 

Very  good 

Average ;  good 

Over  average 

Abundant 


)ver  average 
very  good 
Lverage  ;  good 


Average 
)ver  average 
Average 


NAME 
ADDRKSS. 


William   Sm 

Ih, 

P.I 

rrh 

Hall 

Colcllester 

W.     F.     Bo^ 

n. 

Hy 

ands 

Chelmsford 
Henry  Lister,  Easton  Lodge, 

Dunmow 
James    Vert,     Audley    End, 

Gardens,  Saffron  Walden 


Over  averag 

Average 
Average ;  got 


Jver  average : 

Average 

Over ;    great 

promise 
Over  ;    good 


er  average 
ery  good 
cr  average 
ery  good 


Average 
Average 


Over  average 

Under  average 

Average 

Over  avera 

Promises    ver> 

go'id 

Average 


Alexander  Dean,  Bedfont 
nas  Perkins,  Stanmore 


John  Woodbridge,  Syon  Gar- 
dens. Brentford 
.    F.    Barron,    Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society 

William  Bates,  The  Gardens, 
Poulelt  Lodge,  Twicken- 
ham 

J.  Burnett,  The  Deepdene 
Gardens,  Dorking 

W.  Denning.  The  Gardens, 
Coombe  Lane,  Kingston- 
on-Thames 

A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill,  Haslc- 

J.  Tanner,  Tandridge  Court, 

Godstone 
Jas.     Child,    Garbrand     Hall 

Gardens,  Ewell 
William  .    Smith,       Famham 

James  Gold,  High  Ashurst, 
Dorking 

tios.  SiUence,  Nonsuch  Park 
Gardens,  Cheam 
R.  Gray,   Chevening,   Seven- 
George    Bunyard,   Old    Nur- 
series, Maidstone 
H,  Cannell,  Swanley 

Fredk,   Deuxberry,    Cobham 

Hall,  Gravesend 
John     Charlton,    37,    Royal 

Parade,  Tunbridge  Wells 
Charles     Haycock,     Barham 

Court,  Maidstone 


Bcdgebury, 
Houselands, 


Correspondent, 
Hawkhurst 
.     Goldsmith: 

Tonbridge 


F.  Bridger,  Penshurst  Place 
A,    Waterman,    Preston   Hall 

Gardens,  Aylesfnrd 
Joseph  Ru^t,  Fridge  Cast'.c 


F.  Rutland,  Goodwood 

Sidney     Ford,     Leonardslee, 

Horsham 
John  Halsey,  <.owdray  Park, 

Mid  hurst 
Alex.       Reid,      Possingworth 

Phihp  Edwards,  Fowley  Gar- 
dens, Liphook 

Wm.  Smythe,  The  Gardens, 
Basing  Park,  Alton 


Under  average,  Over  average 

Over  average         Average 
Under  Over  average  ; 


Under  average 
Average 


Average 
Average 


W.  Wiidsmith.  The  Gardens, 
Heckfield,  Winchfield 

F.  Thirlby,  Broadlands, 
Romsey 

T.  D.  Myles.  The  Gardens, 
Appley  Towers,  Ryde,  Isle 
01  Wight 

Wm.  Phipps,  Bowood  Gar- 
dens, Calne 

J      Hi.rsefield,     Heytesbury 

Thos.  King.  Devizes  Castle 

H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castle 
Gardens,  Salisbury 

W.  Pratt,  Longleat  Gardens, 
Warminster 

John  Powell,  Ilsington  Gar- 
1  dens,  Puddlctown,  near 
Dorchester 

William  P.  Leach,  B-yanston 
I     Gardens,  Blandford 

James  Beck,  Crichel  House. 
Wimbome 

J.  Uphill!,  Encombe 

J.  W.  Mills,  Minteine 


46 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  i8 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  Z'^OVS— {Continued). 


WESTERN 
COUNTIES. 
Hi;KEio:iu  


WORCESTER 


GLOUCESTER 


MONMOUTH . 
S1MERSET... 


WALES, 
HRECON    

CARMARTHEN 
CARDIGAN 

CARNARVON  .. 
GLAMORGAN  .. 
MERIONETH  .. 
MONTGOMERY 
PEMBROKE    .... 


IRELAND. 
ANTRLM    


KILKENNY    

WESTMEATH    .... 

CHANNEL 
ISLANDS. 
GUERNSEY    

JERSEY     

SCILLY  ISLES  ..  . 


PEACHES 
APRICOTS.        PLUMS.       CHERRIES.      and  NEC- 
TARINES 


Uiiilei 
Unde 


Over  average  ;'Und=i 

very  good 
Under  aver.nge         A« 


Under ;  good 


.Average  ;  good 

Under ;  \ 
.Xveragi" ;  good 

Very  good 
Average ;  good 


Under  ; 
Unde 


•-t-       Undi 
i  aqe, 

"Morellos 

)od    Average  ;  good 

age  Average ;  good 

I      Average 
ad  Under 

j       Average 

Under 
Under 


Under ;  good 
Under  aver- 


Vvera\;c ;  good 
Under  ;  good 
Average  ;  good 
Average  ;  good 

Very  bad 
Under  average 

Under  average 
Under ;  bad 


Under  average 
Under  avc 


:r  average 


Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good 
Over  aver-      .Average  :  good 


0\-' 


Average 
Under  aver; 


Under  ;  good  I 
Average  :  good. 
vcrage; 


;  Undei 


pge 


Averagi 


Under  .i 
Under  .n 


good  Under  ; 
;  good!  Under  ;  1 
very  Average  ;  good 


leragc 
verage 


Avcr.isc ;  gnodl 
crop  and  I 
Iiealihy         i 


'Under 
Undei 


Average  ;  good,  Under ;  good 


Under 

Under 

Under  :  good 

Under 
Under  average 


erage  ;  good 


Average ;  good  Ai 


Under 
Kid 


Ov. 


Average 
Under 


Average  ;  very      Over  ;  very 

good  good 

\vcrage  ;  good  A^-erage  ;  good 

Average  ;  good 'Average  ;  good 

Average;  good jO' 


Average 


Average ;  good 


cy  good 
Avt-rage 


Jver  average 
Average 


i_Jver  av 

( loose  ber 
Over  :  V 

A^e^ase 

\'crj'  good 

Over  ;  verj- 

Gooseberries 
ivcragc  ;   Cm 


Average ;  good 
Over  average 


NAME 

ADDRESS. 


Under  aver.ige      Wry  good 
Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good 


vcrage 


Over  aver- 
age ;  very 

Over;  good 


Under 


Average 

Ver>'  good 


Average 
Average 
icrage ;  good 


I  Wii 


Nash,      Br>-ngwyn 
ownton  Castle   Gar- 


Coleman,     Eastnoi 
Ledbury 
A-brec,  I'he  Garden?. 


average 


iry  good 
cry  good 
Average ;  gooi 

vcrage 


Average  ;  good 
Over  average 
Over  average 

very  good 
Good 


Ov, 


IE,  C.  Gaseliine.  Shobd 
I  Court  Gardens,  Leominsl 
|K.      McKenzie,     Allensmc 

I  Arthur   Ward,  The  G  rdci 
Stoke  Edith  Park 


Average        Cliarles  Denning,  Holm  Lacy' 

Over  K.  Paln.er,  Hagley  Gardens, 

Stourbridge. 

)ver;good    .Wjilter  Child,  Croome  Court, 

Severn  S:oke 

Crump,       Madrcsfield 
irt.  Malvern 
Austen,   Witley  Court, 

lexander   Scott,     The    Gar- 
dens,      Sherborne       Park, 
NorthUach 
Samuel    Wathcn,     Kingscote 

I'ark 
Jiilm  Sowray,  Highnam  Couit 
Gardens 
)ver  avtrag'.:    Mr.  Greenaway,  Doddington 

Park,  Chipping  Sodbury 
)ver  average    R.     Keeble,     The     Gardens, 
I     Kingsland,      Newnham-on 

Very  good       Arthur     Chapm.^n,  Weston 
I     iJirt,  Telbury 

Average;    pro-|K.    Mansel     Davis,  Llanover 

good          Court      Gardens,  Aberga- 


Average ;  good  Wn 

I     *-*: 

Over  average  ;  J'^lu 

good  G: 

Under  average  Alex 

Average 


j  Average  ;  good  Average  ;  go  jd  Average;  good  Average  ;  giod 


orellos  overK 
•crage  ;  good! 
ndcrav.-rage' 

Under 


\'ery  g'-od 

Abundant  : 

good 


Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good  Over  ai  erage 

:      very   gnod 

Full  average  !  Below  average     Fair  avtr.ige 

Average;  small  Average;  smalil     Over  ;  fine 

Average  Under 

Average       j       Average 
Under         I       Average 


I  Over  average 


are  ;  gooi 
Average 


od  Average;  gio-*! 
.     Average;  good 


Average 
Average :  vei 


Under 

'('cr  :  good 


Undtr 
Average 


lAverage ;  good 

Over 
:  Under  average  Under  average 


Over :  very 


Average 


e ;  g.iod 


Under  average    Unde: 


:ry  Average ;  good 


ben 

►ver ;  good 
Average 
Under 


Over 

Under 

Under 
Under 


Under  ;  bad    Avi 


\veragc 
UlvJcr 

Average 
f'Ood  ;  average 

Aveiage 

Undtr 

Much  under 

Under 

Average  ;  good 

Under ;  b.id 

Over 

Average 

Average 

rage  ;gn 

od     Under;    bad 

Average  ;  good 

U 
Av 

ider 
rage 

U 

ider 

Under 
Average 

U 

der 

u 

der 

Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good 
Average ;  good        Average 


Averajje  : 
Average 


Average 

Very  good 

Average;    badl  Over  avc-age  ' 

Average  ;  very'      Very  few       John  Chal: 
good  Gardens 

Average;  were IWalnut-;    pood  I'avid  C. 
j     dens. 


W.  Hallett.  Cossington  Farm, 

Uridgw  tcr 
Henry     Jones,    Cricket     St. 

W.  Ig^ulden.  Marston  House 


.  Fr 


■s,  Orchardleigh 


very  good 
firbt,  but  n 
suffering  from 
drought 
Good 
Under  average 

Unde 


very   good 

Very  good ; 

full    average 

Average;  smal 

Under ;    bad 

A\' erage 


Average 
Over  average 


Filberl 


'George 

..Frederir 
Ij     budici 

'■G.^  J. 


Ti  Egg« 
:  Baker, 


below  average  J^' 

Average  :    latc'G. 

Few  grown     Ja. 

Under  Ge. 

Ca 


DU.     liictoii, 

Stoodl.;igh 

i   Enslo«e,   Wear,   near 

ec,      Roconnoc      Park, 
twithiel 
Murton,    Pcncalenick, 


.ewis     Powcn,     Ed>vin>rord, 

Uandilo 
\.    Howard,    The    Gardens, 

Castle  Malgwyn 

Ulan  Cali'er,  Vaynol  Park 

iirgain     Pitrk, 


J.      Mu 


Average 


:rage  ,Over  average  ; 
'      very  good 


Over 

Very  fine 

Average 


Over  ;     very 

good 

Average  ;good 


Under ;  good 
Average 


J.  Bennett,  Rhug  Gardens, 
Corwen 

W.  Lee.  Powis  Caslle  Gar- 
dens, Welshpool 

Geo.  Griffin,  The  Gardens, 
Slebech  Park 


George      Porteous,      Garran 

1  ower,  Belfast 
Thomas  Bennett,  Oak  Park 
James  Philps,  Londesborough 

Lodge,  Belturbet 
\V.  Wilson,  Dromoland    Gar- 

dens,Ne\vmarket-on- Fergus 
J.  El  am,  llrcnan  town  House 
Majec,        Florence 


Gray,     Woodstock, 
Vale, 


les    Smith  &   Son,  Calc- 
nian  Nursery 
Charles      B.      Saunders,     St. 
Saviours 

CO.    D.     Vallance,      Tresco 
Abbty  Gardens 


TULY    II,    1885. 1 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


47 


The  flower  garden,  or  that  part  of  it  occupied  by 
the  summer  bedding  plants,  will  now,  or  will  shortly, 
be  at  its  best,  and  the  enjoyment  of  it  will  be  greatly 
enhanced  by  keeping  all  its  surroundings  and  occu- 
pants in  trim  condition.  Walks  should  be  frequently 
rolled,  verges  and  edgings  clipped,  and  the  lawn  be 
mown  weekly.  The  plants  forming  the  groundwork 
and  pattern  of  the  flower-beds  should  be  kept  in 
regular  order  by  pegging  or  pinching,  and  the  design 
preserved  as  trim  as  when  first  marked  out.  What 
is  known  as  carpet  bedding  can  only  be  successfully 
accomplished  by  strict  and  almost  daily  attention  to 
these  points  of  management.  It  will  be  well  to  make 
notes  of  the  best  arrangements,  and  also  of  desirable 
improvements,  in  order  that,  if  thought  well,  they  may 
be  carried  out  next  year,  noting  any  kinds  of  plants 
that  may  be  discarded  as  failing  to  give  satisfaction. 
Low-growing  Sedums  and  Saxifrages,  Echeverias, 
Antennarias,  and  Cerastiums,  and  all  plants  of  that 
type  which  are  used  for  carpet  bedding,  should  have 
their  flowers  kept  picked  off. 

Mesembryanthemum  cordifolium  variegatum  and 
Leucophyton  Brownii  and  Alternantheras,  all  will 
require  to  be  pegged  until  they  have  covered  the 
ground,  after  which  they  should  be  kept  pinched. 
The  large  growing  Echeverias  which  are  used  as  dot 
plants  should  have  all  their  flowers  picked  cff. 
Calceolarias,  Verbenas,  and  Violas  require  liberal 
supplies  of  manure-water.  The  heat  of  the  past  week 
and  the  north-east  wind  that  prevailed  have  been 
very  trying  to  all  plants.  All  kinds  of  Alternantheras, 
Coleus  and  Iresines  will  be  very  much  improved  if 
sprinkled  daily  with  clean  water  over  their  foliage  ; 
it  will  brighten  their  colours  and  much  improve  them 
during  the  hottest  weather.  Now  that  the  Rhodo- 
dendrons and  Azaleas  have  done  flowering  let  all  the 
seed-pods  be  removed,  as  by  so  doing  the  plants  will 
be  much  benefited. 

Roses. 

These  are  now  in  full  bloom,  and  I  never  saw  them 
looking  better,  but  they  are  quite  ten  days  later 
than  last  year.  The  overblown  flowers  should  be 
picked  off  and  all  straggling  shoots  shortened  back  so 
as  to  produce  a  later  crop  of  flowers.  Budding  should 
have  every  attention  as  soon  as  the  stocks  and 
buds  are  ready.  IV.  Smythe^  The  Gardens^  Basing 
Park,  Alton. 


jlant»  and  i\\f\\  rfulluiii;. 


SEED    SOWING. 

Now  will  be  a  very  good  time  to  sow  another 
pinch  of  Cineraria  seed.  The  stock  obtained  there- 
from will  make  better  progress  than  from  the  earlier 
sown  seed  ;  the  plants  will  not  have  lime  to  reach  the 
dimensions  attained  by  those,  but  their  growth  will 
be  of  that  size  and  habit  of  plant  which,  in  a  Cine- 
raria, is,  in  our  opinion,  of  essential  service,  viz.,  the 
plant  of  medium  size,  the  habit  dwarf  and  compact, 
the  foliage  of  good  substance  and  not  too  large.  The 
large  and  flaccid  foliage  of  early  sown  stock  is  often- 
times lost  to  the  plant  in  its  younger  stages  of 
development,  at  least  before  there  is  any  indications 
of  bloom,  leaving  a  plant,  when  in  full  flower,  without 
the  embellishment  of  healthy  foliage. 

It  often  happens,  also,  that  there  is  a  lack  of  room 
in  pits,  frames,  and  cool-houses  during  the  dull  days 
of  late  autumn  and  early  winter,  when,  with  the 
usual  prevailing  atmospheric  moisture  any  over- 
crowding must  be  prejudicial  to  all  plants  of  rapid 
growth  ;  if,  therefore,  by  late  sowing,  we  can  modify 
these  disadvantages  and  provide  the  Cineraria  with 
more  room  after  the  Chrysanthemum  season  is  over, 
we  shall  have  better  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the 
plants  when  in  flower.  Late  sown  seed  will  also 
produce  a  stock  of  plants  that  are  not  so  liable  to 
attacks  of  aphis  as  the  early  ones. 

A  late  batch  of  Primula  sinensis  will  be  equally 
useful  in  this  same  respect,  but  earlier  grown  examples 
of  this  popular  greenhouse  annual  are  far  more  needed 
than  in  the  case  of  the  Cineraria.     The  earliest  of  the 


Primulas  for  autumn  use  should  soon  be  in  their 
flowering-pots,  and  the  later  batches  shifted  into 
smaller  sizes,  either  from  their  seed-pans  or  those 
into  which  they  have  been  pticked  off,  when  large 
eiough  to  handle.  Slight  shading  only  should  be 
used  for  the  genera  on  which  I  have  just  commented  ; 
this  is,  however,  preferable  to  growing  them  in  frames 
under  the  shade  of  a  wall  with  a  north  aspect.  In 
the  latter  position  the  growth  may  be  more  rapid, 
but,  as  before  stated,  not  of  an  enduring  character. 

Other  Annuals. 
A  little  Seed  of  the  dwarf  Ten-week  Slock,  if  sown 
soon,  will  prove  of  much  s^rrvice  in  the  autumn,  when 
sweet-scented  flowers  are  valued  ;  Mignonette  like- 
wise should  be  sown  now  lor  the  same  period,  and  a 
few  weeks  later  on  for  winter  and  spring  work,  bear- 
ing in  mind  with  the  culture  of  this  annual  to  ram  the 
soil  very  solidly  into  the  pots  before  sowing  the  seed 
thereon.  We  hive  done  this  almost  to  the  bursting 
of  the  pots,  and  had  the  best  results  thereby.  It  some 
old  mortar  rubbish  is  at  hand  it  should  be  mixed  with 
the  soil,  and  a  covering  of  fowls'  dung  laid  over  the 
drainage.  The  dwarf  Scabious,  Corn-flowers  (Cen- 
taurea  cyanus  minor),  Rhodanlhes,  and  Nemophila 
insignis,  should  also  be  sown  at  once  for  flowering  in 
pots  during  the  winter  season.  Of  the  last-named 
annual  another  sowing  should  be  made  in  a 
month's  time  for  spring  blooming  in  the  conservatory, 
for  which  purpose  it  is  most  floriferous  and  very  dis- 
tinct, being  well  adapted  for  the  edgings  of  orna- 
mental baskets  or  suspended  from  brackets.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  month  will  be  ample  time  for  sowing 
herbaceous  Calceolarias,  taking  the  precaution  to 
stand  the  seed-pan  over  a  saucer  containing  water,  in 
order  to  guard  against  slugs  feeding  upon  the  young 
plants.   James  Hudson,  GunKcrsbury  House,  Acton. 


regularly,  giving  them  weak  manure-water  once  or 
twice  a  week  if  it  be  required.  As  the  watering  will 
now  be  ;the  most  important  operation,  see  that  it  is 
done  judiciously. 

Plum  trees  in  pots,  from  which  the  fruit  is 
gathered  should  now  be  treated  in  the  same  way  as 
recommended  for  Cherry  trees  in  pots.  C.  T.  Afiles, 
liy.omie  Alhcy. 


"pF(UIT3     ^NDEF{    'Ql.AS3. 


GRAPE  HOUSES. 
In  late  houses  which  contain  late  kinds  of  keeping 
Grapes  intended  for  bottling  by-and-bye  a  free 
ventilation  should  be  afforded.  In  this  case  very 
large  bunches  are  not  so  desirable,  because  sometimes 
they  are  not  found  to  keep  good  so  long  a  time  as 
moderately-sized  bunches.  These  should  be  well 
thinned,  and  in  the  operation  care  should  be  taken  to 
cut  the  foot-stalks  of  the  berries  removed,  quite  short, 
as  otherwise  the  remnant  often  produces  mould, 
which  is  inimical  to  sound  keeping.  Late  Grapes 
unquestionably  should  be  fully  ripe  by  the  end  of 
September.  If  this  is  not  likely  to  be  the  case,  much 
can  be  done  towards  this  end  by  means  of  utilising  sun- 
heat  to  the  full  whenever  possible.  In  late  Muscat- 
houses  with  borders  inside,  see  that  the  roots  in 
them  have  ample  supplies  of  tepid  manure-water  in  a 
much  diluted  state,  and  keep  the  mulch  constantly 
moist  at  this  period,  in  order  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  arising  from  the  foliage  scorching. 
Keep  a  little  air  on  at  the  top  ventilators  constantly, 
and  if  possible  avoid  using  shading  materials.  If 
scorching  should  take  place,  let  the  lateral  growths 
which  the  Vines  are  making  be  allowed  to  fill  up 
defective  places,  and  afford  that  protection  to  the 
fruit  which  is  absolutely  indispensable,  and,  more- 
over, necessary  to  finish  the  fruit  perfectly. 

The  Cherry  house. 
If  this  structure  is  furnished  with  movable  sashes 
these  should  be  taken  off  the  trees  altogether  now,  so 
that  they  can  have  the  benefit  of  natural  influences 
entirely.  This  course  of  treatment  is  a  considerable 
advantage  to  Cherry  trees  that  are  forced,  year  after 
year  consecutively,  inasmuch  as  it  tends  to  arrest  the 
precocious  development  so  apt  to  occur  with  such  trees. 
Keep  the  foliage  of  these  trees  clean  and  healthy  by 
washing  them  regularly  every  day  when  dry,  with  a 
forcible  use  of  the  syringe  ;  let  the  roots  also  be  well 
attended  to  as  regards  water. 

Trees  in  Pots. 
These  should  be  brought  out-of-doors  at  once, 
stood  on  a  bed  of  ashes  to  stop  the  worms  getting 
into  the  pots,  and  in  a  sunny  position.  The  pots 
should  be  surrounded  with  partly  decomposed  leaves 
or  manure  to  prevent  the  scorching  rays  of  the  sun 
shining  too  fiercely  on  them.  Syringe  the  trees  over- 
head  in   dry  weather,   and   attend   to   the   watering 


ALPINE    PLANTS. 

Onosma  taurica.— This  but  little  known  plant, 
introduced  from  the  Caucasus  in  1801,  has  many 
recommendations  in  favour  of  its  extended  use  in  our 
gardens.  The  bright  yellow,  tubular  flowers  are  of 
exceptional  beauty,  distinct  in  form,  and  deliciously 
fragrant ;  and,  further,  the  plant  is  an  almost  per- 
petual bloomer  from  early  June  until  molested  by  the 
winter  frosts.  A  nobler  or  handsomer  plant  we  have 
not  got  if  well  placed  on  the  rock  garden,  or  a  finer 
and  more  desirable  thing  in  both  form  and  colour.  It 
delights  in  a  dry,  sunny,  and  well  exposed  situation, 
therefore  elevated  rockwork  will  be  found  the  best 
position,  and  where  the  pendent  flowers  can  be  seen- 
to  advantage.  Although  usually  described  as  herba- 
ceous, this  is  hardly  true  o(  the  plant,  for  it  usually 
retains  much  of  its  fresh  foliage  throughout  the  winter. 
In  the  variety,  or  species,  O.  stellata,  we  have,  so  far 
as  general  appearance  is  concerned,  a  miniature  of 
O.  taurica,  with  less  beautiful,  less  bright  flowers. 

SiLENE  ALPESTRXS, 

The  Alpine  Catchfly  (Silene  alpestris)  is  certainly 
one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  interesting  of  rock 
plants,  and  possessing  every  qualificalion  that 
renders  an  alpine  plant  worthy  of  our  best  care  and 
attention.  It  is  of  neat,  compact  habit,  thrives  well 
under  ordinary  circumstances  if  left  alone,  and  pro- 
duces during  June  an  abundance  of  pure  whit« 
flowers,  which  the  notched  petals  further  improve, 
thrown  well  above  the  shining  green  masses  of  leaves. 
This  plant,  it  should  be  remembered,  is  rather  im- 
patient of  disturbance,  and  when  once  thoroughly 
established  should  be  allowed  to  roam  at  will,  and 
thus  alone  can  perfect  sheets  of  bloom  be  secured. 

Ranunculus. 
Amongst  Rinunculaceous  vegetation  I  would  espe- 
cially notice  Ranunculus  as  being  a  distinct  and 
showy  border  plant,  with  bright  yellow  blossoms  as 
double  and  compact,  though  of  perhaps  less  size  than 
those  of  a  Persian  Ranunculus.  Like  the  majority  of 
its  relatives  this  desirable  plant  is  best  at  home  in 
rather  damp  loam,  or  a  mixture  of  the  latter  and 
peat ;  indeed,  the  finest  clump  here  is  thriving  luxu- 
riantly under  similar  circumstances  to  Iris  cristata, 
Cypripedium  spectabile,  the  Parnassias,  and  other 
damp-loving  subjects.  It  is  readily  increased  by 
division  of  the  root,  and  being  a  plant  of  hardy  con- 
stitution, is  but  little  affected  thereby. 

Anthericum  liliastruih. 

St.  Bruno's  Lily  (Anthericum  liliaslrum)  is  at 
present  very  effective,  the  fragrant  silvery-white, 
Lily-like  flowers  being  borne  in  great  profusion. 
It  is  a  neat-growing,  elegant  plant,  that  one  cannot 
have  too  much  of,  and  which  for  effect  during  June 
has  but  few  equals.  The  flowers,  which  are  faintly 
tipped  with  green,  are  boine  on  stems  averaging  a 
foot  or  more  in  height  and  during  fine  weather  remain 
good  for  a  considerable  time.  The  variety  major, 
which  grows  to  double  the  latter's  height,  is  a  valu- 
able addition,  the  large  fragrant  flowers  and  grassy- 
like  leaves  being  both  distinct  and  effective.  Good 
loam  with  a  moderate  supply  of  water  is  all  it  wants, 
and,  perhaps,  during  severe  winters  it  will  be  all  the 
better  of  a  slight  covering  of  ashes  as  a  safeguard 
against  frost. 

Primula  farinosa. 

Than  the  Bird's-eye  Primrose  (Primula  farinosa) 
there  is  no  prettier  plant  of  the  early  summer.  Some- 
how it  is  seldom  seen  in  a  happy  state,  most  people 
having  not  yet  got  the  knack  of  growing  it  freely. 
Coddling  in  pots  will  not  do,  nothing  suiting  this 
pretty  native  better,  than  a  cool,  boggy  spot  amongst 
rich  vegetable  soil.  The  slender  powdery  stems, 
half-a-foot  in  height,  surmounted  with  graceful  lilac- 
purple,  pink,  rose,  or  deep  crimson  flowers,  are  at 
present  very  effective,  and  a  worthy  occupant  of  even 
the  more  prominent  portions  of  the  rock  garden. 
Emergo. 

(To  k  if/ilintittf.) 


48 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  i8 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Royal    Horticultural   Society:    Meeting   of 
I       Fruit  and   Floral  Commiltees,  at  ii  am  ; 
Tuesday,  luly  '4  \      Scientific  Committee,  at  i  P.M. 

I  Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 
I      at  I'rotheroe  &  Morris'  Rooros. 
(  Hedforc 


'■n' 


I  Wirkworth,  Derby,  Rose  Show. 

I  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  Seeds,  &o,,  at 
July  r6  i.      Stevens'  Rooms. 

I  Sale  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  and 
Orchids,  at  Ellham  Park,  by  Protheroe 

l      &  Morris. 
,    I,.  ,,  J  Sale  of  Valuable  Angraecums    and    other 
J  uij  17  ^       Orchids,  at  Protheroe  &  Morns'  Rooms 
July  i8_\Virral  Rose  Show. 


BY  a  singular,  or  was  it  a  designed,  coin- 
cidence ?  the  Times  of  a  few  days  since 
published  two  letters,  one  relating  to  the  British 
(see  p.  51),  the  other  to  the  Alpine  Flora.  With 
the  main  object  of  these"  letters  we  and  all  our 
readers  will  be  in  full  sympathy.  The  botanist 
proper  looks  upon  marauders  such  as  are 
alluded  to  in  the  two  communications  we  have 
referred  in  much  the  same  light  as  the  scholar 
would  regard  him  who,  having  found  one  of 
the  lost  books  of  Livv,  proceeded  to  destroy  it. 
In  truth,  the  greatest  ravages  are  usually  the 
result  of  pure  ignorance.  Those  who  know 
and  those  who  merely  appreciate  do  not  do 
these  things.  The  botanist  desires  to  accu- 
mulate information  respecting  the  structure, 
affinities,  life-history,  relation  to  insects,  to 
soil  and  climatal  conditions  of  the  plants 
in  question.  He  takes  the  keenest  pleasure  in 
observing  facts  and  in  learning  some  at 
least  of  the  lessons  these  loveliest  of  instructors 
convey,  not  only  as  to  the  present  condition  of 
the  world  in  which  he  lives,  but  also  as  to  the 
former  states  of  its  surface.  The  interest  is 
with  the  past  equally  with  the  present.  It  is 
absolute,  it  is  concrete,  at  the  same  time  that  it 
is  relative  and  abstract.  From  whatever  point 
of  view  the  botanist  proper  may  chance  to 
observe  the  wild  plants  of  this  or  any  other 
country,  his  feeling  of  reverence  necessarily  for- 
bids him  from  compassing  their  destruction. 
His  tendencies  are  all  the  other  way.  Again, 
the  botanist,  if  he  be  not  more  imbued  than 
other  people  with  the  love  of  all  that  is  beau- 
tiful, that  is  good,  that  is  true  in  Nature,  is  at 
least  as  much  so,  and  hence  he  is  not  to  be 
feared  as  an  uprooter  of  rare  and  beautiful 
specimens. 

Then  there  is  the  amateur  botanist  or  gar- 
dener. He,  too,  is  scarcely  to  be  pointed  at  as  a 
Goth  or  a  Vandal  ;  he  may  have  the  collecting 
instinct  strongly  developed — too  strongly  in 
many  cases— but  he  is  generally  wise  enough 
to  remember  the  adage  which  warns  us  not  to 
kill  geese  that  lay  golden  eggs. 

As  to  the  professional  collector,  whose  interest 
is  mainly  a  mercenary  one.  Well,  we  do  dread 
some  of  these  gentlemen.  No  one  who  sees,  as 
we  do  from  time  to  time,  the  rubbish  heaps  of 
dead  Orchids  that  may  be  seen— we  will  not 
say  where— but  will  dread  the  destructive 
agency  of  this  class  of  plant-collectors.  Men 
who  do  this  sort  of  thing  in  Central  America, 
Borneo,  Burmah,  or  wherever  it  may  be,  must 
not  be  aggrieved  if  we  class  them  with  the 
wretched  tramps  who  root  up  Ferns  and  wild 
plants  to  sell  in  our  markets  and  streets,  or 
on  our  railway  platforms.  We  say  advisedly 
some,  for  it  has  been  our  privilege  to  know 
many  who,  labouring  diligently  in  their 
allotted  vocation,  are  yet  quickened  and 
restrained  by  their  botanical  conscience. 

Another  class  ol  maurauders  are  merely 
thoughtless,  and  among  these  must  be 
reckoned  hundreds  of  alpine  tourists  who  pluck, 
and  by  thoughtless  purchase,  encourage  pea- 
sants and  children  to  grab  at  plants  simply 
because  they  are  pretty.  We  do  not  believe 
that  much  real  mischief  is  done  by  this  latter 
class  ;  they  have  no  very  potent  mercenary 
motive,  and  for  the  most  part  they  have  not 


enough  knowledge  to  be  able  to  compass  much 
damage. 

What  is  the  remedy  for  these  evils  ?  Are 
Acts  of  Parliament  or  Cantonal  Edicts  of  any 
use  ?  We  doubt  it  ;  nay  we  rather  fear  that  by 
drawing  attention  to  the  supposed  value  of  the 
plants  and  the  profit  to  be  obtained  from  them 
such  enactments  might  tend  to  increase,  rather 
than  palliate  the  evil?  Popular  sympathy  is  apt 
to  be  on  the  side  of  the  smuggler,  and  the 
creation  by  law  of  an  offence — we  speak  with 
deference  in  the  presence  ot  Mr.  Justice  Wn  LS 
—is  not  sound  law,  nor  does  it  commend  itself 
to  the  conscience  of  the  layman's  mind.  What, 
then,  is  to  be  done  ?  What  do  we  do  in  the  case 
of  marauding  birds  ?  Do  we  not  often  find  it 
cheaper  and  more  effectual  to  feed  them 
and  so  save  our  fruit  and  our  Peas  than  to  main- 
tain an  army  of  watchers  and  vivisectors  for  their 
destruction.  If  we  can  ensure  effectual  protec- 
tion by  means  of  nets  or  other  means,  well  and 
good  ;  but  if  our  directly  repressive  measures 
must  be,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  partial  and 
ineffectual,  as  generally  happens,  then  it  were 
better  to  fall  back  on  indirect  means,  and  go 
round  the  mountain  whose  summit  we  cannot 
climb.  It  appears  to  us  that  this  is  the  prin- 
ciple upon  which  the  Society  for  the  Protection 
of  Alpine  Plants  at  Geneva,  for  which  Mr. 
Justice  Wills  asks  the  suffrages  of  plant 
lovers,  acts  ;  and  from  what  we  have  ourselves 
seen  of  Mr.  Correvon's  procedures,  we  are 
bound  to  say  that  we  believe  that,  by  their 
means,  a  much  larger  and  less  intermittent 
supply  of  alpine  plants  maybe  obtained  than 
would  ever  be  secured  by  other  means  ;  while  at 
the  same  time  no  ruthless  depopulation  of  the 
mountain-side  would  ensue,  and  specially  the 
chance  of  extinction  of  rarities  would  be  mate- 
rially lessened.  Plants  which  are  rare  in 
Nature  are  so  because,  from  some  or 
other  cause,  they  are  not  in  full  harmony  with 
the  conditions  under  which  they  happen  to  be. 
It  is  the  gardener's  privilege  to  be  able  to  rescue 
such  plants  from  the  fierce  struggle  of  relent- 
less competition,  or  the  storr.is  of  adverse  fate. 
Let  him,  therefore,  be  called  to  the  rescue,  and 
the  requirements  of  all  classes  interested  will 
thus  be  more  fully  consulted,  and  with  less 
injury  to  the  sentiment  of  the  lover  of  Nature, 
than  by  any  other  means  we  can  think  of.  We 
append  Sir  Alfred  Wills'  letter  ;— 

"  The  number  of  English  tourists  who  visit  Switzer- 
land is  very  iarge,  and  increases  yearly.  Not  the  least 
charm  ol  that  country  is  the  rich  flora  which  adorns  the 
valleys,  the  margins  of  the  glaciers,  and  the  alpine  slopes. 
The  impoverishment  or  destruction  of  this  flora  must 
largely  diminish  this  charm,  and  must  be  regarded  with 
serious  apprehension  on  this  if  on  no  higher  ground.  It 
is  a  lamentable  Uulh  that,  so  far  as  some  of  the  loveliest 
Swiss  plants  are  concerned,  their  destruction  is  already 
an  accomplished  fact,  while  the  entire  flora  of  the 
country  has  undoubtedly  undergone  a  palpable  and 
grievous  impovensliment  during  the  last  few  years. 

"  The  chief  causes  of  this  evil  are— first,  the  reckless 
gathering  of  plants  by  the  crowds  of  visitors  who  pour 
into  Switzerland  every  year  ;  secondly,  the  wholesale  up- 
rooting of  plants  for  sale  to  tourists  by  professional 
plant-hun  -;rs,  who  penetrate  constantly  into  remoter 
alpine  regions  in  search  of  specimens,  and  even  willully 
destroy  large  numbers  of  plants  in  order  to  increase  the 
rarity  and  so  enhance  the  market  value  of  some  species. 

"  In  either  of  these  cases  specimens  are  obtained 
under  conditions  wholly  unfavourable  to  life,  being 
gathered  carelessly,  often  in  the  height  of  their  flowering 
season,  and  subsequently  carried  or  sent  by  rail  or  post 
over  long  distances,  with  little  or  no  soil,  exposed  to 
heat  and  drought,  as  well  as  to  all  kinds  of  rough  usage. 
It  is  beheved  by  those  who  have  most  carefully  studied 
the  subject  that  not  more  than  lo  per  cent,  of  such  plants 

"  It  should  also  be  remembered  that  all  annuals  and 
biennials  depend  for  the  perpetuation  ol  their  kind  upon 
the  production  of  fresh  generations  from  seed,  and  hence 
that  their  extirmination  is  effectually  secured  by  the 
constant  abstraction  of  their  flowers  alone.  It  may  be 
assumed  that  every  lover  of  Nature  and  every  true 
botanist  will  welcome  any  means  by  which  these  acts  of 
vandalism,  whether  deUberate  or  resulting  from  careless- 
ness and  ignorance,  may  be  checked. 


' '  A  society  has  lately  been  formed  in  Geneva  (Asso- 
ciation pour  la  Protection  des  Plantes)  the  aim  of  which 
is  to  compass  this  desirable  result.  Its  operations  are 
mainly  directed— first,  to  the  education  of  public  opinion 
on  the  subject  ;  secondly,  to  the  supply  of  all  the  rarest 
and  most  attractive  alpine  plants  to  the  public  at  prices 
below  those  usually  paid  to  the  plant  hawkers  who  vend- 
their  specimens  in  the  market  places  of  Geneva,  Lau- 
sanne, Vevey,  &c.,  and  in  the  best  possible  condition 
instead  of  the  very  worst.  With  this  view  the  Society 
has  taken  a  large  garden  (Jardin  Alpin  d'Acclimatation, 
2,  Cherain  Daucet,  Plainpalais,  Geneve),  which  is  laid 
out  in  rockwork,  bog,  c<tc. ,  and  devoted  solely  to  the 
raising  of  innumerable  Swiss  plants  from  seed  and  to  the 
sale  of  them  well  estabUshed  in  pots  at  low  prices. 

"  Such  plants  are  vastly  more  robust  and  indepen- 
dent of  local  and  climatic  conditions  than  any  which 
have  been  transplanted  from  their  native  habitats,  and 
can  always  be  brought  or  sent  home  with  the  certainty 
that  every  species  which  is  amenable  to  cultivation  will 
have  the  best  chance  ol  living  and  thriving  in  its  new 
home. 

"The  Society  is  already  prepared  to  supply  a  large 
number  of  plants  in  vigorous  health  in  pots  at  low  rates, 
and  it  appeals  to  all  English  tourists  to  visit  the  Alpine 
Garden,  to  purchase  from  this  establishment  such  plants 
as  they  desire  to  possess,  and  rigidly  to  abstain  from 
encouraging,  directly  or  indirectly,  the  misdeeds  of  the 
professional  Swiss  plant-hunter.  To  this  appeal  it  is 
very  earnestly  to  be  hoped  that  all  English  travellers  in 
Switzerland  will  cordially  and  loyally  respond. 

"  Funds  are  much  needed  lor  extensive  works  still 
required  for  the  full  prosecution  of  this  admirable  scheme, 
and  Dr.  Maxwell  Masters.  F.R.S.,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Covent  Garden  (Gardeners'  Chronicle  office), 
has  kindly  consented  to  receive  subscriptions  for  trans- 
mission to  the  Society.  Lovers  of  Nature  may  also  give 
valuable  help  by  taking  shares  in  the  undertaking,  which 
are  issued  at  100  f.  each.  These  may  be  obtained  from 
its  enthusiastic  director,  M.  H.  CoRREVON,  at  the  Alpine 
Garden,  Geneva,  who  is  also  desirous  of  entering  into 
arrangements  with  the  curators  of  botanic  gardens,  with 
nurserymen  who  devote  themselves  to  the  culture  of 
hardy  perennial  and  alpine  plants,  and  with  private 
growers  for  the  supply  of  specimens  or  of  seeds.  He  will 
also  gladly  forward  the  reports  of  the  Society,  which  are 
extremely  interesting,  lists  of  plants  on  sale,  and  any 
other  information,  upon  application,  to  any  one  who 
feels  an  interest  in  the  effort  which  the  Society  is  making 
to  popularise  the  cultivation  of  a  very  charming  class  of 
plants  without  encouraging  the  systematic  destruction  of 
the  mountain  flora,  which  lends  to  the  scenery  of  Swit- 
zerland one  of  its  subtlest  charms." 


Rhododendron     Manglesi  x.— Messrs. 

Veitch  h  Sons  recently  favoured  us  with  a  truss  of 
this  magnificent  hardy  Rhododendron,  raised  by  them, 
and  with  which  they  appropriately  associate  the  name 
of  the  late  Mr.  Mangles,  whose  premature  decease 
our  plant-lovers  and  gardeners  so  earnestly  deplore. 
As  to  the  beauty  of  this  cross,  the  illustration  (fig.  9) 
speaks  for  itself;  suffice  it  to  say  that  it  was  raised  as 
a  cross  bet  ween  the  glorious  Himalayan  R.  Aucklandise 
and  the  garden  hybrid  R.  album  elegans.  In  its  calyx  it 
shows  traces  of  R.  Aucklandix,  as  also  in  the  bold 
white  flowers.  Our  illustration  was  taken  from  a 
specimen  which  flowered  in  the  open  air  at  Coombe 
Wood,  but  experience  is  required  in  order  to  enable 
us  to  know  whether  it  will  prove  hardy  in  other 
localities.  In  any  case,  no  one  would  grudge  the 
slight  protection  such  a  glorious  object  would  require. 

The   Fruit   Crops  of  the  Year. — The 

materials  which  have  come  to  hand  in  respect  to 
the  crops  of  the  more  important  fruits  of  the 
United  Kingdom  help  to  support  the  belief  of  many 
persons  capable  of  forming  an  opinion  on  the  subject, 
that  these  would  be  found  to  be  in  only  moderate 
abundance  ;  and  although  the  end  of  June,  when  the 
bulk  of  the  returns  reached  us,  is  somewhat  early  in 
the  year,  we  can  yet  see  that  the  crop  of  Apples  will 
be  greater  than  that  of  last  year,  but  less  than  that  of 
1SS3,  and  that  Pears  will  afford  an  average  crop, 
whilst  the  crop  of  Plums  is  a  poor  one  outside  of  the 
Home  Counties  and  the  Severn  valley.  Strawberries, 
now  becoming  more  generally  grown  round  the  large 
centres  of  population,  are  a  more  than  average  crop, 
whilst  the  useful  Currant  and  Gooseberry  crop  is 
generally  abundant,  so  that  the  great  preserving 
industries  will  be  enabled  to  get  the  ingredients  used, 
including  sugar,  at  reasonable  (and,  we  may  hope,  for 
the  sake  of  the  growers)  and  satisfactory  prices.  The 
cold  weather  in  May,  which  included  several  nights 
in  the  middle  of  the  month  when  8°  to  10°  of  frost  were 
experienced,  did  much  harm  in  the  Northern,  Central, 
and  Eastern  parts  of  England,  and  but  little  in  Scot- 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.  — ]vl\    n,    ii 


J<1G.    9.  — KHODOUtNJJliOh    MAMiLEbl   :     HARDY    HVKKID  ;     FLOWEKb    WHITt.       (StE    1'.    48.) 


50 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  i8 


land,  where  blossoming  had  been  retarded,  and  in 
Ihe  Southern  Counties  of  England,  where  it  fortu- 
nately happened  that  the  air  was  unusually  dry,  and 
the  trees  were  tolerably  full  ol  foliage.  In  the  most 
favoured  districts  the  persistent  falling  of  the  fruit 
points  to  organs  in  the  bloom  injured  by  cold,  but  the 
period  has  now  been  reached  when  the  loss  from  this 
cause  will  cease.  The  fruits  grown  on  garden  walls, 
or  similarly  protected,  in  the  Home  Counties  are 
fairly  abundant,  in  the  West  of  England  above  the 
average,  and  the  same  may  be  remarked  generally 
concerning  these  in  all  counties  south  of  a  line  drawn 
across  the  country  from  the  Wash  to  Bangor.  In 
Scotland  we  find  the  fruit  growing  district  olthe  Carse 
of  Cowrie,  with  its  exceptional  salubrity,  still  suffered 
materially  by  the  late  spring  frost,  more  so  than  in 
localities  in  which  vegetation  is  always  later.  In 
Ireland  good  crops  are  spoken  of,  but  very  late,  and 
will  require  a  long  warm  summer  for  their  proper 
ripening. 

An  Appeal. — A  very  painful  case  of  distress 

has  come  before  us,  of  which,  we  trust,  the  mere 
mention  may  serve  in  some  measure  to  alleviate. 
Some  months  ago  Mr.  RoWE,  formerly  Gardener  to 
Viscountess  Clii'DEN,  and  of  whom  the  record,  as 
we  learn,  is  such  that  any  one  might  envy,  died.  It 
appears  that,  on  leaving  his  situation,  from  no  fault  of 
his  own,  he  went  into  business,  and  lost  the  savings 
of  many  years.  At  his  death  he  left  a  widow  and 
four  children.  About  three  weeks  ago  the  widow 
also  died  suddenly,  after  having  had  a  brief  but  painful 
struggle  to  provide  for  her  children  and  herself.  The 
four  children  are  consequently  left  unprotected  and 
unprovided  for,  and  it  is  on  their  behalf  that  we 
insert  this  appeal.  The  Rev.  F.  S.  Thornton,  of 
St.  Sepulchre's,  Northampton,  has  interested  himself 
in  the  matter,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to  forward  to 
him  any  sums  that  we  may  receive  for  the  purpose, 
and  we  trust  that  they  may  be  many.  The  smallest 
contributions  in  such  a  case  have  a  value  of  their 
own. 

Smoking   in  the  Conservatory,  Royal 

Horticultural  Society.— We  publish  the  follow- 
ing note,  and  strongly  endorse  our  correspondent's 
complaint  :  — 

"  Heatherbank,  Weybridge  Heath,  July  7. 
"  I  think  a  note  in  your  paper  might  lead  the  Exhibi- 
tion authorities  to  instruct  their  policemen  to  stop  people 
smoking  in  the  conservatory  while  a  flower  show  is  goin^ 
on.  To-diy  Tobacco-smoke  mixed  with  the  scent  of  the 
Roses.  I  asked  several  policemen  if  they  had  authority 
to  stop  smoking  ;  they  had  not.  As  the  conservatory 
forms  part  of  the  Exhibition,  I  believe  neither  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  nor  th<!  Royal  Albert  Hall  authori- 
ties have  jurisdiction.  "Gf.okge  F.  Wilson." 

EURYANGIUM    Sambul. — This     interesting 

Turkestan  plant  is  now  flowering  at  Messrs.  James 
Dickson  &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester.  As 
the  plant  was  strong,  the  flower-stem  is  about  10  feet 
high,  sparsely  branched,  presenting  a  unique  ap- 
pearance in  the  hardy  flower-garden.  It  is  a  singularly 
handsome  foliage  plant,  producing  large,  freely 
divided  foliage,  reminding  one  of  some  of  the 
Marattias,  and  many  readers  of  the  GartUncrs' 
Chronicle  will  know  the  use  of  its  dried  roots  in 
pharmacy.  Mr.  Ware,  of  Tottenham,  also  has  this 
notable  plant  in  bloom  in  his  nurseries.  Although 
its  medicinal  virtues  are  not  very  highly  esteemed,  or 
indeed  known,  in  this  country,  the  Chinese  attach 
the  highest  importance  to  it.  It  is  mentioned  by  Ttr, 
Landells  in  his  recent  work  on  Central  Asia. 

Rose  Pruning. — The  following  experiments 

are  suggestive.  Three  vigorous  bushes  of  Charles 
Lefebvre,  Paul  Neron,  and  Nor.LE's  t^ueen  of  the 
Bedders  respectively,  were  thus  treated.  All  the 
branches  on  each  were  divided  into  three  sets.  One 
set  of  each  on  the  same  plant  was  hard  pruned  late  in 
March,  one  set  had  the  buds  rubbed  olTas  theyappeared 
for  several  weeks  in  succession,  and  one  set  of  branches 
was  left  alone  to  grow  as  it  would.  The  result  is  at 
this  dale  that  the  branches  which  were  let  alone  have 
been  bearing  in  profusion  flowers  of  fair  aveiage 
quality  for  the  last  fortnight  ;  those  that  were  hard- 
pruned  are  only  now  expanding  a  comparatively  few 
flowers  no  better  than  those  which  were  let  severely 
alone  ;  while  those  in  which  the  buds  were  rubbed  off 
systematically  till  about  the  end  of  May  are  weak 
and  sickly,  with  few  or  in  some  cases  no  flower- 
buds,  and  what  there  are  very  backward  and  small. 


It  should  be  stated  that  the  growth  in  all  cases  in  the 
garden  where  these  experiments  were  conducted  has 
been  unusually  vigorous  this  spring,  with  an  almost 
complete  absence  of  greenfly,  maggot,  or  mildew.  In 
most  season;  greenfly  or  maggot  very  seriously  check 
and  deform  the  first  flowers,  so  that  as  far  as  they  go 
these  experiments  would  seem  to  indicate,  that  in  an 
ordinary  season  moderate  pruning  by  checking  and 
retarding  the  first  growth  enables  the  Roses  to  escape 
the  attacks  of  their  enemies,  but  if  these  latter  do 
not  put  in  an  appearance,  unpruned  Roses  do 
best.  Of  course,  we  have  not  the  exhibition-table 
in  view. 

CiSTUS    FORMOSUS.  —  Mc.    Kettlewell, 

Balrath  Burry,  sends  us  flowers  of  this  bright  yellow 
alpine  plant— a  beautiful  carpet  plant  on  sunny  parts 
of  a  rock  garden,  or  when  planted  in  light  ground  in 
the  perennial  border,  but  where  it  should  always  have 
some  flattish  stones  placed  round  it,  to  elevate  the 
growths  and  to  retain  the  warmth  of  the  sun. 

__  Phylloxera  in  Greece.— The  following 
official  communication  has  been  forwarded  to  us  for 
publication  :  — 

'■  Considerable  alarm  is  felt  here  about  the  possible 
spread  to  this  country  ol  the  Phyllo.xera,  which  is  said  to 
have  appeared  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Constantinople. 
Stringent  measures  will  be  adopted  to  prevent  its  intro- 
duction, the  importilion  of  all  trees,  plants,  fruit,  grass 
and  hay  from  cistern  countries,  including  Candia  and 
Egypt,  being  prohibited  under  very  severe  penallies. 
Things  are  bad  enough  in  Greece  as  it  is,  and  the 
scourge,  should  it  reach  this  co\intry,  would  almost  con- 
summate its  ruin  from  an  economic  and  financial  point 
of  view.     I  have  the  honour,  &c. , 

(Signed)  ■'  Horace  Rumhold. 

"The  Earl  GRANVILLE,  K.G." 

"The    Agricultural    Gazette."— Uur 

old  friend  and  former  associate  has  lately  appeared 
in  a  new  guise,  and  in  an  enlarged  form.  The 
Editorship  is  still  retained  by  that  most  estimable 
man  and  sound  agriculturist,  John  Chalmers 
Morton,  which  is  warranty  enough  for  those  who 
know  him,  and  those  who  do  not  will  do  well  to 
make  his  acquaintance,  at  least  through  the  Gizdlc, 
as  speedily  as  possible. 

The  "Botanical  Magazine."— The  July 

number  contains  figures  of  the  following  plants  :  — 

Chryiophyllum  imperialc,  t.  6S23.  —  This  is  the 
noble  stove  foliage  plant  provisionally  named  Theo- 
phrasta  imperialis,  remarkable  for  its  bold  leaves,  like 
those  of  the  Sweet  Chestnut  in  form,  but  larger, 
firmer,  and  deeper  in  colour.  The  plant  having 
flowered,  it  has  been  determined  to  be  a  Sapotad,  of 
the  genus  Chrysophyllum.  Its  native  country  is  the 
province  of  Rio  Janeiro.  The  specimen  figured 
flowered  in  the  Botanic  Garden,  Cork,  where  it  was 
observed  by  Dr.  Hartog. 

Exacum  afiine,  t.  6824. — A  Socotran  Gentianad, 
discovered  by  Professor  Bayley  Balfour,  with 
ovate  leaves  and  small  lilac  flowers,  described  in  these 
columns,  May  10,  1S84,  p.  604,  fig.  116. 

Narcissus  pachybulbos,  t.  6825. —An  Algerian 
species,  very  rarely  seen  in  flower.  It  has  very  large 
bulbs,  glaucous  leaves,  small  white  fragrant  flowers, 
like  those  of  the  Paper-Narciss,  in  bunches.  The 
specimen  figured  came  from  the  garden  of  E.  G. 
LODER,  Esq. 

Corydalis  pallida,  t.  6826.— A  Chinese  species, 
with  verv  deeply  cut  leaves  and  elongated  pyramidal 
loose  racemes  of  yellow  flowers. 

Rhododendron  niveum  var.  fti'va,  t.  6S27.— Only 
differs  from  the  type  in  the  rich  tawny  pubescence  on 
the  under-side  ol  the  leaves  and  the  deeper  coloured 
flowers. 

Vanda    Lowii.— The  fine  specimen  ol  this 

Orchid  at  Chateau  de  Fetrieres,  which  last  year  bore 
eleven  spikes  of  bloom,  has  this  season  seventeen. 
There  is  one  leader,  seven  breaks,  and  120  leaves, 
each  70  centimetres  long.  The  total  height  of 
the  plant,  exclusive  of  the  basket,  is  I  metre  So  centi- 
metres. The  flower-spikes  measure  2h  metres  in 
length  each,  and  bear  400  flowers. 

Rose    Catalogue.  —  In    the    Gardeners' 

Magazine  of  July  4  is  published  the  first  instalment 
of  what  bids  fair  to  be  a  very  useful  list  of  garden 
Roses,  arranged  alphabetically,  and  with  indications 
of  the  class  to  which  each  belongs,  the  name  of  the 


raiser,  ihe  year  of  its  introduction  to  this  country,  the 
colour,  the  size,  and  habit.  None  but  tho=e  who 
undertake  such  a  task  know  the  labour  involved, 
and  that  is  one  reason  why  people  are  so  indi''- 
ferent,  not  to  say  ungrateful,  to  the  race  of  index 
makers. 

Gardeners'   Royal   Benevolent   Insti- 
tution.-On   July    3    the    forty-second   anniversary 
festival  of  this  Institution  was  held  at  the  "  Albion  " 
Hotel,   Aldersgate   Street,    E.    Tidswell,    Esq.,    of 
Chigwell,  in   the  chair.     A  numerous  and  influential 
company    assembled,    including    Mr.    G.     Lambert, 
Master  of  the  Patten-makers'  Company  ;  Mr.  G  Cutis, 
Senior  Warden  of  Ihe  Fruiterers'  Company  ;   Mr.  J. 
F.  Aldridge,  Major  Grant,  Colonel  S-  Clarke,  Messrs. 
Nutting,  Gibbs,   Sherwood,  Carter,  Veitch,  Dickson, 
Barr,  Webber,  Ilopcraft,  Shirley  Hibberd,  and  others. 
The  Chairman,  in  giving  the  toast  of  the  evening — 
"Success  to  the   Gardeners' Benevolent  Institution  " 
— said  this  Institution  had  now  been  doing  useful  ser- 
vice since  the  year  1S3S.     Its  first  years  of  lingering 
existence  have   been   succeeded  by  years  of  vigorous 
usefulness,  and  it  had  had  500  annuitants,  receiving 
pensions  of  ,^12  and  /'le  per  annum.     It  was  gratify- 
ing to  reflect  that,  as  men  engaged  in  commerce,  they 
could  yet  feel  they  had  contributed  to  smoothen  the  last 
days  of  many  a  poor  sufl'erer.     Owing  to  the  generous 
donation  of  /500  by  an  anonymous  donor,  a  legacy 
of/450,  and  ihe  generosity  of  numerous  contributors, 
these  pensions  were  increased  last  Christmas  from  ^  16 
t0;^20  per  annum  for  men,  and  from  ;ri^i2  to  ^16  for 
women.       At    the    present    time    104    annuitants — 
fifty-four     men     and    fifty    women  —  were    on    the 
pension    list    of    the    Institution.       One    chief    aim 
of    the    Society    has    been    to    endeavour   to    make 
gardeners  feel  the  value  of  thtiTt,  because  they  believed 
that  it  was   right  for  every  one  to  assist   those  who 
had  first  tried  to   help   themselves;  hence  the  funda- 
mental rule  ol  this  Society  was  that  any  gardener  who 
subscribed   his  guinea    a    year  for    fifteen  years,   or 
who  gave  his  10  guineas  in  one  donation,  should  take 
precedence  over  any  others   who  might   be  elected. 
Another  principle  was  to  make  their  expenditure  for 
all  efiicient  work  as  small   as  possible  ;  and  he  was 
glad  to  say  that  nearly  the  whole  of  the  funds  went  to 
the  annuitants.     After  alluding  in  fitting  terms  to  the 
fine  productions  of  fruit  and  flowers  contributed  by 
members  ol  the  Institution,  the  Chairman  touched  on 
the  great  help  that  had  been  given  by  their  Secretary 
at  all  times,   and  especially  in  getting  together  the 
Augmentation    Fund.       "The    committee    believed 
that      the     benefits     accruing      to     the     Institution 
were    mainly   due    to    his    great    efforts,    wonderful 
assiduity,    and    great    gifts.      Immediately  after    the 
realisation    of    the    hopes    they    had    lately     been 
working   for,  it  was  at  once  suggested  that  a  testi- 
monial should  be  presented  to  Mr.  Cutler,  and  he 
now  had  great  pleasure   in  offering  him  a  valuable 
gold  watch  land  a  cheque  lor  ^^450.     He  was  glad  to 
say  that    4S0   subscribers  had  contributed   a  sum  of 
^505    up  to   that  time,    and  if  the   sum    should  be 
swollen  to  ^705  or  ^1005.   no  one  would  be  more 
gratified   than    himself."      Mr.    Cutler,   who   was 
enthusiastically  received,  expressed  in  a  few  appropriate 
sentences  the  pleasure  he  felt  on  the  receipt  of  such 
a   handsome   present.     Short   speeches    followed    by 
Mr.  Sirley  Hibberd,  the  Master  of  the   Fruiterers' 
Company,    Mr.   C.   Lambert,  Mr.  J,   R.  Bourne, 
Mr.    Sherwood,   Mr.    B.    S.    Williams,  and  Mr. 
Nutting.     The  Secretary  announced   at  the   close 
of    the    entertainment    subscriptions    amounting    to 

High   Priced   Orchids.  —  The  following 

prices  were  obtained  on  July  3  at  Messrs.  Prothe- 
ROE  &  Morris' sale  rooms  ;— LKliaelegans,  imported 
mass,  25  guineas  ;  Catlleya  Reineckianasuperbissima, 
one  good  plant,  33  guineas  ;  C.  Arnoldiana,  one  good 
plant,  29  guineas ;  Odontoglossum  species  in  flower, 
iS-\  guineas. 

Gardening  Appointments— Mr.  Towers, 

late  Gardener  at  Syston  Park,  Grantham,  as  Gardener 
and  Bailiff  to  Mrs.  Kincaid  Smith,  Wood  End, 
Chichester.— Mr.  Edmund  Williams,  Head  Gar- 
dener at  Peasmarsh  Place,  Sussex,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  John  Parsons,  Esq.,  Ashurst 
Place,  Langton,  Tunbridge  Wells.  —  Mr.  Thos. 
Oldham,  late  Head  Gardener  to  E.  Homan,  Esq., 
J. P.,  Friern  Watch,  Finchley,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  Miss  Onslow,  Upton  House, 
Alresford,  Hants. 


July  u,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


5f 


THE  PRESERVATION  OF  THE 
NATIVE  FLORA  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN. 
^VE  {Times)  have  received  from  the  Council  of  the 
Midland  Union  of  Natural  History  Societies,  including 
upwards  of  twenty  natural  history  societies  and  field 
clubs  in  the  Midland  Counties,  the  following  state- 
ment upon  the  subject  of  the  preservation  of  the 
native  flora  of  Great  Britain  :  — 

"The  Mason  College.  Pirmingham,  June  30. 

"It  is  a  tact  only  too  evident  to  the  most  superficial 
observer  that  many  of  our  rarest  and  most  beautiful 
native  plants  have  already  been,  or  are  being,  rapidly 
exterminated  ;  and  it  may  be  assumed  that  this  extermi- 
nation will  be  viewed  with  regret— even  with  indignation 
—alike  by  the  student  and  by  the  ordinary  lover  of 
natural  beauty,  and  that  both  will  be  willing  to  assist  in 
any  measures  which  may  afford  the  prospect  of  arresting 
its  course. 

"  The  Council  of  the  Midland  Union  of  Natural  His- 
tory Societies  bespeaks  serious  attention  to  the  following 
brief  statement  of  the  causes  of  the  rapid  destruction  of 
British  plants,  and  of  what  it  ventures  to  suggest  as  the 
best  means  of  miiigaiing  the  evil.  These  causes  appear 
to  be  mainly  as  follow  :  — 

"  I.  The  ravages  of  professional  plant-hunters,  who 
offer  to  the  tourist,  or  to  the  general  public  by  advertise- 
ment, plants  attractive  by  reason  of  their  beauty  or  of 
their  comparative  or  absolute  rarity. 

"  The  large  dimensions  which  this  traffic  has  assumed 
are  indicated  by  the  number  of  such  advertisements 
which  appear  in  some  of  the  gardening  periodicals 
offering  Ferns  from  Cornwall,  Devonshire,  Somerset,  the 
Wye  Valley,  &c.,  at  from  4^.  to  75.  bd.  per  100,  in  named 
varieties  ;  Hymenophyllum  tunbridgense  and  H.  uni- 
laterale  at  2J.  per  square  foot ;  various  species  of  Orchis, 
Saxifrage,  &c.,  at  from  2j.  to  51.  per  100  ;  bog  Asphodel 
at  2i.  per  dozen,  &c.;  or  inviting  tenders  for  Daffodils 
and  Primroses  at  so  much  per  100.000. 

"2.  The  operations  of  exchange  clubs,  the  members 
of  which  are  often  asked  to  supply  large  numbers  of  the 
rare  plants  of  their  own  districts  in  exchange  for  corre- 
sponding quantities  of  those  of  other  neighbourhoods. 

"3.  1  he  reckless  gathering  of  plants,  often  taken 
with  their  roots  attached  or  in  seed,  by  botanists  and 
their  students  in  the  course  of  their  excursions. 

"  4.  The  careless  gathering  of  large  numbers  of  speci- 
mens by  individual  botanists. 

"  Recognising  that  restrictive  legislation  or  poHce 
interference  are  neither  applicable  nor  desirable,  the 
Council  believes  that  it  is  by  the  indirect  influence  of 
example  and  the  promotion  of  healthy  public  opinion 
thit  the  evil  in  question  can  alone  be  combated. 

"  They  therefore  strongly  urge  the  following  consider- 
ations upon  botanists,  members  ot  field  clubs,  natural 
history  and  other  scientific  societies,  upon  all  lovers  of 
Nature,  and  upon  the  public  generally  : — i.  That  they 
should  rigidly  abstain  from  encouraging  or  countenancing 
the  purchase  from  professional  plant-hunters  of  any 
native  plants,  for  the  sake  either  of  their  rarity  or  of 
their  decorative  value.  2.  That  botanists  should  resort 
to  the  assistance  of  exchange  clubs,  if  at  all,  only  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  such  single  specimens  as  are  neces- 
sary to  fill  up  blanks  in  their  herbaria,  using  such  assist- 
ance with  discrimination,  and  excluding  from  their 
operations  plants  of  great  rarity.  3.  That  all  teachers 
should  inculcate  on  their  pupils  by  precept  and  example 
the  lamentable  consequences  of  the  wholesale  or  indis- 
criminate gathering  of  plants,  especially  with  their  roots 
or  when  in  seed.  4.  That  individual  botanists  should 
seriously  reflect  on  these  consequences,  and  abstain  from 
taking  more  than  the  smallest  number  of  specimens 
indispensable  for  the  purpose  of  genuine  study,  and  even 
from  taking  any  where  the  extermination  of  a  particular 
species  from  a  restricted  habitat  is  threatened.  5.  That 
tourists  and  amateurs  should  be  urged  to  refrain  from 
collecting  plants  of  any  degree  of  scarcity,  especially 
when  in  flower  or  seed,  it  being  certain  that  not  10  per 
cent,  of  those  gathered  under  such  conditions  can  pos- 
sibly live  after  removal." 


STRIKING    A    LIGHT. 

In  the  new  edition  of  Mason's  Burma  we  read 
that  among  other  uses  to  which  the  Bamboo  is  ap- 
plied, not  the  least  useful  is  that  of  producing 
fire  by  friction.  For  this  purpose  a  joint  of  thorouhly 
dry  Bamboo  is  selected,  about  1 4  or  2  inches  in 
diameter,  and  this  joint  is  then  split  in  halves.  A 
ball  is  now  prepared  by  scraping  off  shavings  from  a 
perfectly  dry  Bamboo,  and  this  ball  being  placed  on 
some  firm  support,  as  a  fallen  log  or  piece  of  rock, 
one  of  the  above  halves  is  held  by  its  ends  firmly 
down  on  it,  so  that  the  ball  of  soft  fibre  is  pressed 
with  some  force  against  its  inner  or  concave  surface. 
Another  man  now  takes  a  piece  of  Bamboo  a  foot  long 


or  less,  and  shaped  with  a  blunt  edge,  something  like  a 
paper-knife,  and  commencesasawingmotion backwards 
and  forwards  across  the  horizontal  piece  ot  Bamboo, 
and  just  over  the  spot  where  the  ball  of  soft  fibre  is 
held.  The  motion  is  slow  at  first,  and  by  degrees  a 
groove  is  formed,  which  soon  deepens  as  the  motion 
increases  in  quickness.  Soon  smoke  arises,  and  the 
motion  is  now  made  as  rapid  as  possible,  and  by  the 
time  the  Bamboo  is  cut  through  not  only  smoke  but 
sparks  are  seen,  which  soon  ignite  the  materials  of 
which  the  ball  beneath  is  composed.  The  first  tender 
spark  is  now  carefully  blown,  and  when  well  alight 
the  ball  is  withdrawn,  and  leaves  and  other  inflam- 
mable materials  heaped  over  it,  and  &  fire  secured. 
This  is  the  only  method  that  I  am  aware  of  for 
procuring  fire  by  friction  in  Burmah,  but  on  the 
hills  and  out-of-the-way  parts,  that  philosophical  toy, 
the  "  pyrophoru=,"  is  still  in  use.  This  consists*  o(  a 
short  joint  of  a  thick  woody  Bamboo,  neatly  cut, 
which  forms  a  cylinder.  At  the  bottom  of  this  a  bit 
of  tinder  is  placed,  and  atightly-fitiing  piston  inserted 
composed  of  some  hard  wood.  The  tube  being  now 
held  in  one  hind  or  firmly  supported,  the  piston  is 
driven  violently  down  on  the  timber  by  a  smart  blow 
from  the  hand,  with  the  result  of  igniting  the  tinder 
beneath. 

Another  method  of  obtaining  fire  by  friction  from 
Bamboos  is  thus  described  by  Captain  T.  H.  Lewin 
(Hill  Tracts  of  Chitlazong,  and  the  Dwellers 
Therein  :  Calcutta,  1S69,  p.  83),  as  practised  in 
the  Chittagong  Hills.  The  Tipporahs  make  use 
of  an  ingenious  device  to  obtain  fire  ;  they  take 
a  piece  of  dry  Bamboo,  about  a  foot  long,  split  it 
in  half,  and  on  its  outer  round  surface  cut  a  nick 
or  notch,  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  broad,  circling 
round  the  semi-circumference  of  the  Bamboo,  shallow 
towards  the  edges,  but  deepening  in  the  centre  until  a 
minute  slit  of  about  a  line  in  breadth  pierces  the  inner 
surface  of  the  Bamboo  fire-stick.  Then  a  flexible 
strip  of  Bamboo  is  taken,  about  il  foot  long  and  an 
eighth  of  an  inch  in  breadth,  to  fit  the  circling  notch 
or  groove  in  the  fire  stick.  This  slip  or  band  is 
rubbed  with  fine  d:y  sand,  and  then  passed  round  the 
fire  stick,  on  whxh  the  operator  stands,  a  foot  on 
either  end.  Then  the  slip,  grasped  firmly,  an  end  in 
each  hand,  is  pulled  steadily  back  and  forth,  increas- 
ing gradually  in  pressure  and  velociiy  as  the  smoke 
comes.  By  the  time  the  fire-band  snaps  with  the 
friction  there  ought  to  appear  through  the  slit  in  the 
fire-stick  some  incandescent  dust,  and  this  placed, 
smouldering  as  it  is,  in  a  nest  of  dry  Bamboo 
shavings,    can   be  gently  blown  into  a   flame. 


D  R  A  I  N'  I  N  G. 

The  advantages  of  thorough  drainage  are  at  all 
times  visitjle  in  well-managed  plantations,  but  where 
a  superabundance  of  moisture  is  allowed  to  accumu- 
late the  evils  have  seldom  been  so  marked  as  during 
the  present  season.  Attend  to  open  drains  in  the 
woodland,  and  see  that  no  accumulations  of  leaves 
and  twigs  impede  the  progress  of  the  water.  This 
should  receive  particular  attention  in  recently  thinned 
Oak  woods,  and  where,  from  the  thinness  of  the 
trees,  a  rank  undergrowth  prevails.  The  mouths 
of  culverts  and  closed  drains  should  be  regularly 
examined  at  least  once  each  fortnight,  and  during 
wet  stormy  weather  it  may  be  found  necessary  to 
have  them  cleared  even  once  or  twice  a  week. 

General  Work. 
The  season  being  comparatively  late,  barking 
operations  should  now  be  all  but  completed.  Har- 
vesting of  the  bark  has  been  considerably  retarded  by 
the  wet,  unsettled  weather  that  has  generally  been 
experienced  during  the  latter  half  of  June.  No 
opportunity  should  now  be  lost  in  having  any  that 
may  be  yet  unsecured  placed  beyond  the  reach  of 
danger.  Remove  all  timber,  firewood,  and  branches 
at  once,  as  later  on  considerable  damage  to  the  stools 
and  young  shoots  is  almost  unavoidable.  Repair 
plantation  roads,  and  towards  the  end  of  the  month 

*  It  is  also  made  of  a  solid  cylinder  of  buffalo's  horn,  with  a 
central  hollow  of  ,\  on  an  inch  in  diameter  and  3  inches  deep 
burnt  into  it.  1  he  piston,  which  (its  very  tightly  in  it,  is  made 
of  ironwood  or  some  wood  equally  hard. 


clear  them  of  all  bracken,  bramble,  or  rough  grasses, 
at  the  same  time  paying  attention  that  no  overhang- 
ing branches  can  interfere  with  the  passer-by.  New 
roads  and  walks  may  now  be  formed,  and  stones  and 
gravel  got  ready  for  future  repairs.  Prune  and  trim 
hedges,  and  keep  them  free  from  weeds  at  their  roots  ; 
and  during  dry,  warm  weather,  finish  up  the  tarring, 
painting,  or  varnishing  of  all  outdoor  erections. 
Carriage  drives  and  walks  should  be  cleaned  and 
edged,  surface  inequalities  put  right,  and  grass  mown 
for  a  couple  of  feet  back  along  their  seeds,  to  prevent 
seeding. 

Tree  growth  looks  remarkably  well  this  season, 
which,  to  a  great  extent,  may  be  attributed  to  the 
mild,  rather  damp  nature  of  the  past  and  present 
seasons.  Coniferous  trees  are  at  present  specially 
attractive,  from  the  difference  ot  tints  in  the  old  and 
young  foliage.  Cones  we  have  seldom  seen  so 
abundant,  many  of  the  rarer  Bines  and  Fiis 
bearing  for  the  first  time  an  abundant  and 
healthy  crop.  Where,  more  particularly  in  the 
case  of  rare  and  valuable  Conifetx,  a  few  sound 
seeds  are  desired,  we  have  often  found  it  necessary  to 
assist  Nature  in  the  operation  of  fertilisation.  It  may 
here  be  well  to  state  that  in  the  Abies  and  Picea 
groups  young  trees,  although  they  may  produce  an- 
abundant  crop  of  cones,  are  rather  tardy  in  bearing 
male  flowers.  (I  have  noted  one  exception  to  this 
rule.)  Under  these  circumstances  it  is  important,  in 
order  to  procure  good  seed  and  economise  the  pollen, 
to  assist  Nature  in  the  operation.  The  proper  time 
for  impregnating  the  cones  is  when  the  tree  is  in  full 
flower,  and  the  following  is  the  system  pursued  :— 
When  the  pollen  is  ripe,  which  is  ascertained  by  gently 
shaking  a  branch  bearing  some  male  flowers  (which 
will  cause  the  pollen  to  leave  the  flowers  in  a  small 
cloud  of  yellow  dust,  like  sulphur),  it  should  be  col- 
lected upon  white  paper,  and  applied  to  the  cones 
with  a  camel's-hair  pencil,  beginning  at  the  top,  and 
brushing  it  in  all  round  to  the  base  :  and,  if  possible, 
a  dry,  sunny  day  should  be  chosen  for  the  operation. 
A.  D.  Webster. 


DISEASE    AND    DECAY    IN 

FRUIT.— I. 

OlDIUM    PRUCTIGENUM 

Every  person  who  has  walked  in  a  fruit  garden  or 
orchard  where  Apple  trees  are  grown  must  have 
noticed  fallen  Apples  diseased  with  Oidium  fructige- 
num,  .Schr,ader.  The  fungus  is  often  extremely  destruc- 
tive to  stored  Apples  when  kept  in  damp  or  unventi- 
lated  store-rooms  ;  the  same  pest  destroys  Pears, 
Plums,  and  other  fruits. 

The  very  familiar  external  appearance  presented 
by  an  Apple  diseased  with  Oidium  fructigenum, 
is  shown  natural  size  in  fig.  12,  p.  53.  The  disease 
spots  are  generally  arranged  in  concentric  circles, 
hke  miniature  Fairy-rings,  one  within  the  other,  and 
each  spot  projects  like  a  soft  wart  from  the  surface  of 
the  fruit.  The  warts  are  generally  grey  in  colour, 
varying,  however,  in  tint  from  cream  to  fawn  colour, 
or  dilfcrent  shadesof  grey. 

The  word  "  Oidium  "  is  derived  from  the  Greek, 
and  means  like  an  egg  in  reference  to  the  shape  of  the 
conidia  or  spores  ;  "  fructigenum  "  is  from  the  Latin, 
and  means  born  on  fruit. 

.Species  of  Oidium  are  very  familiar  to  garden- 
ers in  the  mildew  of  Roses,  O.  leucoconium  ;  of 
Vines,  O.  Tuckeri ;  the  white  mildew  of  corn,  O. 
monilioides  ;  of  the  Pea,  O.  erysiphoides  ;  and  many 
others.  The  fungi  just  mentioned  are  often  termed 
spurious  species  of  Oidium,  because  they  have  been 
proved  to  be  the  early  and  imperfect  condition  of 
other  fungi,  and  because  they  diflfer  in  other  ways 
from  what  are  recognised  as  genuine  species  of  Oidium. 
It  is  difficult  to  characterise  the  dilference  in  words, 
the  general  appearance  of  all  species  of  Oidium  being 
more  or  less  similar.  Still,  a  person  familiar  with 
these  fungi  can  tell  the  difference  at  a  glance.  The 
genuine  species,  like  the  one  before  us,  often  grow 
in  tufts  and  patches,  forming  warts,  whilst  the  spurious 
ones  form  a  thin  while  or  grey  powdery  stratum. 
Under  the  microscope  the  genuine  species  have  a 
more  solid,  lustrous,  translucent,  and  generally  robust 
appearance,  as  compared  with  the  thin  watery-looking 
spurious  species. 

An  illustration  of  a  spurious  species  is  given  in  the 
powdery  Oidium  of  Pea  mildew,  enlarged  400  diame- 
ters, in  fig.  10,  p.  52.  I  am  not  aware  of  any  previous 
illustration  of  this  Oidium  in  an   English  book.     The 


52 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,   i8 


club-like  growth  of  the  Pea  Oidiutn,  O.  erysiphoides, 
Fr.,  is  shown  at  fig.  lo,  A,  B,  and  c.  ;  each  club  rises 
from  a  thread  of  mycelium,  as  at  D,  which  has 
emerged  as  a  germinal  tub;  from  an  opening  in  the 
spore  as  at  E.  The  germinating  spore  was  originally 
borne  by  the  perfect  condition  of  the  Pea  mildew. 
The  perfect  fungus,  which  originally  bore  the  spore  at 
E,  is  named  Krysiphe  Martii,  Lk. 

If  we  take  an  Apple  diseased  with  Oidium  fructi- 
genum,  in  our  hands  we  find  the  tufts  of  the 
fungus  seated  on  a  portion  of  the  skin  which  covers 
a  soft,  brown,  and  internally  rotten  portion  of  the 
Apple  ;  the  fungus  has,  in  some  instances,  the  power 
of  changing  the  skin  of  the  Apple  to  a  jet-black 
colour ;  if  we  cut  or  break  the  Apple  we  always  find 
the  parts  underneath  the  fungus-growth  brown, 
watery,  collapsed,  decayed,  and  very  soft.  Each 
individual  grey  fungus-tuft  is  somewhat  compact, 
though  soft  and  powdery. 

If  we  examine  with  the  microscope  a  very  small 
portion  of  the  rotten  brown  substance  taken  from  the 
interior  of  an  Apple  diseased  with  Oidium  we  find  it 
traversed  in  every  direction  by  the  spawn  or  myce- 
lium of  the  fungus.  In  some  Apples  this  mycelium 
causes  a  highly  disagreeable  and  bitter  taste.  The 
abundant  spawn  of  this  (ungus,  by  appropriating  to 
its  own  use  the  elaborated  juices  of  the  Apple,  sets 
up  putrescence  and  death  in  the  fruit.  The  mycelium 
seldom  produces  spores  within  the  Apple ;  but  it 
bursts  through  the  skin  from  within  outwards,  and 
there  produces  the  Oidium  tufts. 

A  fragment  of  one  of  ihese  tufts  of  Oidium  fructi- 
genum,  is  shown,  enlarged  to  400  diameters, 
in  fig.  II,  and  the  great  difference  in  general  ap- 
pearance between  this  fungus  and  O.  erysiphoides, 
Fr.  (fig.  10),  is  now  apparent.  Neither  of  the  plants, 
however,  can  be  termed  altogether  typical,  as  the 
sptcies  vary  amongst  themselves  greatly.  I  am  not 
aware  of  an  illustration  of  Oidium  fructigenum, 
in  an  English  book,  so  the  present  figure, 
engraved  from  Nature,  may  be  useful.  Neither  am 
I  aware  of  any  full  description  of  the  fungus. 

The  fruiting  threads,  or  clubs,  arise  from  an  in- 
volved stratum  of  septate  mycelium,  as  shown  at 
the  base  of  the  illustration  (fig.  11).  The  clubs  of  con- 
joined, lustrous,  anil  translucent  spores,  or  conidia, 
grow  in  long  upright  chains  as  shown,  and  it  is 
remarkable  that  these  spores  (analogues  of  seeds) 
are  almost  invariably  in  pairs  ;  that  is,  each  individual 
conidium  is  not  cut  off  from  its  fellows  by  a  septum,  or 
joint,  but  one  septum  only  occurs  to  two  conidia.  This 
mode  of  growth  is  shown  in  the  illustration.  Some 
imaginative  botanists  would  call  a  phenomenon  of  this 
class  "conjugation,"  not  simple  fusion.  It  is  not 
described  under  O.  fructigenum,  Schrader,  inany  books 
to  which  I  have  access.  Another  remarkable  habit 
belonging  to  this  fungus  is,  that  some  of  the  conidia 
open  at  the  side  as  shown,  and  there  produce  secondary 
chains  of  conjoined  spores  after  the  manner  of  yeast 
fungi.  Two  conjoined  conidia  are  shown  at  A,  and 
three  conidia  still  more  curiously  conjoined  are  shown 
at  B.  It  is  by  no  means  uncommon  to  see  three  spores 
or  conidia  conjoined  by  a  narrow  band,  and  it  follows 
that  (if  true  conjugation  takes  place)  there  must  in 
some  instances  be  either  two  fathers  or  two  mothers. 
But  this  fact  need  cause  no  surprise,  for  it  is  common 
to  see  two  or  more  males  (antheridia)  attach  them- 
selves to  one  female  (oogonium)  in  the  fungus  of  the 
Potato  disease  (Peronospora  infestans,  Mont.).  The 
peculiar  shape  of  the  conidia  is  shown  further  enlarged 
to  1000  diameters  at  fig.  11,  c;  each  conidium  ismarked 
with  fine,  almost  invisible,  diagonally  curved  lines,  as 
shown.  It  requires  good  eyes  to  see  these  lines  ;  if 
some  person  who  reads  these  lines  tries  to  see  them 
and  cannot,  it  does  not  prove  that  they  do  not  exist. 
i  can  always  see  them. 

Oidium  fructigenum,  Schr.,  is  highly  infectious  ;  if 
a  few  of  the  spores  are  placed  upon  a  cut  or  broken 
surface  of  an  Apple  or  Pear  they  immediately  germi- 
nate, set  up  decay,  and  reproduce  the  Oidium.  All 
Apples  and  Pears  are  not  equally  susceptible  to  infec- 
tion, the  Oidium  grows  with  most  rapidity  and  luxuri- 
ance on  the  exposed  inner  substance  of  soft  ripe  and 
juicy  fruit. 

In  my  experiments  the  fungus  has  never  under  any 
circumstances  whatever  pierced  the  skin  of  the  Apple 
from  the  outside  inwards  ;  the  skin  of  the  fruit  acts  as 
impenetrable  armour  against  the  attacks  of  its  foe. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  the  skin  of  the  fruit  is  injured 
in  the  slightest  degree,  broken  by  a  bruise,  or  pricked 
with  the  point  of  a  fine  needle,  and  the  spores  laid  on 
the    little    injured    place,    germination    immediately 


takes  place,  and  the  germ  tubes  invade  the  interior  of 
the  fruit  by  the  gate  thus  opened  for  them.  When 
the  spawn-threads  are  once  inside  the  fruit  they  make 
use  of  the  sweet  juices,  and  increase  with  great 
rapidity.  The  spawn-threads  spread  in  radiating 
lines  from  a  central  spot  (like  the  spokes  from  the 
centre  of  a  wheel),  and  having  now  acquired  extra 
potency  from  the  absorption  of  the  juices  of  the  in- 
vaded Apple,  Plum,  or  other  fruit,  the  spawn-threads 
pierce  the  skin  of  the  fruit  from  within  outwards,  and 
the  grey  tufts  of  the  Oidium  appear  outside.     As  the 


first  tufts  appear  at  the  circumference  of  the 
imaginary  wheel  it  follows  that  the  growth  out- 
side the  Apple  resembles  a  series  of  miniature 
Fairy-rings.  After  a  temporary  rest  of  from  a  few 
hours  to  a  day  the  mycelium  makes  a  fresh  start 
within,  and  enlarges  the  circumference  of  the  disease 
patch  ;  a  second  crop  of  Oidia  are  then  protruded 
through  the  skin  of  the  Apple  at  the  margin  of  the 
new  growth  within.  The  circle  of  spawn  within  the 
Apple  or  Pear,  Plum,  or  other  fruit,  goes  on  widening 
and  producing  other  circles  of  grey  Oidia  outside  till 


I  am  led  to  the  belief  that  when  the  tubers 
are  not  properly  moulded  up  slight  injuries  are  likely 
to  accrue  to  the  Potatos  by  the  action  of  the  sun, 
rain,  hail,  wind,  insects,  &c.,  and  that  these 
slightly  injured  and  possibly  microscopically  small 
places  are  the  open  gates  by  which  the  spores  of  the 
fungus  of  the  Potato  disease  often  attack  the  tuber. 
When  the  Potatos  are  well  covered  with  mould  the 
skin  remains  intact,  and  will,  in  most  instances, 
effectually  repel  attacks  from  the  germinating  spores 
of  Peronospora  infestans,  Mont. 

There  is  no  difficulty  in  accounting  for  the  way 
in  which  Oidium  fructigenum,  tides  over  the 
winter,  for,  unlike  the  fungus  of  the  Potato  disease, 
which  is  generally  only  seen  for  a  few  weeks,  or 
sometimes  days,  the  Oidium  of  fruit  may  be  seen  at 
all  times  of  the  year.  It  is  common  in  orchards  and 
gardens  in  the  summer  and  autumn,  and  it  grows 
during  the  winter  and  spring  months  amongst  the 
stored  Apples  of  fruit-rooms,  especially  in  fruit-rooms 
that  are  damp  and  improperly  ventilated,  and  amongst 
sweating  and  bruised  fruit. 

In  the  fruit-rooms  the  spores  of  the  fungus  are  pro- 
duced in  millions,  and  they  either  rest  on  the  fruits 
or  on  the  floors,  ceilings,  or  shelves  of  the  house. 
They  have  a  stronger  hold  of  life  than  the  spores  of 
spurious  species  of  Oidium  (as  the  Oidium  of  Vines, 
&c.),  and  they  are  able  to  rest  before  germinating. 

The  ravages  of  this  Oidium  may  be  kept  within 
bounds  by  keeping  the  fruit-room  perfectly  dry,  airy, 
and  clean  by  cleaning  the  room  thoroughly  every 
summer  before  the  fruit  is  stored,  and  by  burning  a 
small  piece  of  sulphur  about  once  a  week  during  the 
winter  and  spring  on  a  hot  iron.  The  sulphurous 
fumes,  when  dissipated  in  the  air,  are  fatal  to  all 
germinating  spores. 

Sometimes  Potato  tubers  are  attacked  by  a  fungus 
which  in  habit  and  general  external  appearance  so 
closely  resembles  Oidium  fructigenum,  to  the 
unaided  eye,  that  it  appears  identical,  and  one  is  con- 
stantly mistaken  for  the  other  by  gardeners.  The 
Potato  fungus,  which  grows  in  grey  concentric  tufts, 
is,  however,  a  totally  different  plant,  named  Spicaria 
Solani,  Harting.  It  is  a  mere  case  of  fortuitous  (not 
*'  protective  ")  resemblance.    W,  G,  Smith, 


at  last  the  whole  fruit  becomes  a  mass  of  infectious 
rottenness. 

The  spores  or  conidia  borne  outside  the  fruit  are 
wafted  away  by  the  air  to  invade  other  fruits,  but  I 
hive  shown  that  the  spores  appear  to  be  quite  power- 
less over  sound  fruit.  If,  however,  there  is  an  orifice 
in  the  skin,  however  small,  caused  by  a  wasp,  a 
scratch  or  a  slight  bruise,  the  spores,  by  their  ger- 
minal threads,  will  quickly  find  an  entrance  to  the 
interior  of  the  fruit,  and  speedily  complete  its  utter 
destruction. 

From  observations  like  the  foregoing  made  on 
Potato  tubers  with  the  spores  of  Peronospora  infestans. 


JiojVlE     jD0RRE3P0^IDE^(CE. 


Leaf-cutter  Beesand  Rose  Foliage. — I  enclose 
you  samples  of  Rose  leaves  taken  from  a  house.  Pro- 
bably all  who  saw  these  or  similar  samples  would  aver 
that  the  semicircular  incisions  in  them  had  been  made 
by  caterpillars,  as  indeed  it  was  my  belief  on  first  notic- 
ing leaves  similarly  treated.  Watching,  however,  for 
the  depredators  I  was  surprised  to  observe  a  some- 
what large  wild  bee,  one  about  the  size  of  an  ordinary 
drone,  alight  upon  the  edge  of  a  leaf,  and  commence 
with  the  greatest  rapidity  and  precision,  using  its 
mandibles  as  shears,  to  cut  a  piece  of  the  leaf  clean 
oat,  and  carry  it  away.  Further  watching  showed 
the  same  process  continually  repeated,  curiously 
enough  the  bee  adopting  the  tactics  of  the  man  who 
sawed  off  the  portion  of  the  limb  of  a  tree  to  which  he 
was  clinging  ;  kept  light  grip  with  its  feet  to  the  por- 
tion being  cut  out,  and  the  moment  it  was  fully  severed 
tlying  off,  being,  in  this  respect,  better  provided 
against  a  fall  than  was  the  unfortunate  bipid.  Further 
observation  revealed  the  fact  that  there  were  two  of 
these  bees  engaged  in  this  work,  and  also  that  having 
found  a  hole  in  one  of  the  rafters  of  the  house  where 
decay  had  set  in,  the  insects  would  seem  to  have  set 
up  house  and  engaged  in  the  furnishing  it.  Perhaps 
others  may  have  found  their  Rose  foliage  similarly 
excoriated,  and  wondered  how  it  was  produced. 
Possibly  the  incident  above  related  may  help  to  solve 
the  mystery.  Of  course  I  do  not  intend  permitting 
these  unwelcome  visitants  to  continue  their  depreda- 
tions, and  should  you  like  to  see  them  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  secure  and  submit  them  for  your  inspection. 
A.  D.,  Bcdfont. 

Calochoitus  venustus. — This  charming  variety 
is  now  in  good  condition  with  us.  We  planted  the 
bulbs  in  a  cold  frame  with  south  aspect,  last  November ; 
the  soil  was  made  up  of  rich  loam,  leaf-mould,  and 
sand  in  equal  proportions,  to  the  depth  of  iS  inches, 
with  good  drainage.  The  lights  were  entirely  re- 
moved the  third  week  in  April  ;  we  are  rewarded  now 
with  a  profusion  of  bloom,  one  spike  showing  twelve 
flowers.     This  variety  varies  a  little  in  the  colour  of 


July  m,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


53 


its  blooms,  the  chief  part  of  ours  have  bright  lemoQ 

petals,  with  chocolate  blotch  in  centre  and  slightly 
spotted,  the  colour  and  markings  in  the  others 
being  much  lighter.  W.  Kettleivelly  The  Gardens, 
Balrath  Burry. 

Seed  Saving.— The  paper  on  seed  growing,  &c., 
at  Swanley  (p.  9)  is  very  interesting,  in  so  far  as  it 
describes  varieties  and  products  of  fertilisation  of 
diverse  kinds  of  florists'  flowers.  What  would  have 
been  of  more  interest— something  as  to  the  seed 
products  of  high-class  selection  and  breeding — is  not 
referred  to,  but  it  is  a  matter  of  great  importance  both 
to  seed  growers  and  the  general  public.  I  fear  it 
must  be  regarded  a?  an  unquestioned  fact  that  the 
nearer  we  approach  to  perfection  in  florists'  flowers 
the  farther  do  we  find  ourselves  from  seed  bearing. 
Constant  interbreeding  seems  to  be  productive  of 
infertility,  which  even  the  most  patient  manipula- 
tion does  little  to  correct.  A  gardener  told  me  the 
other  day  that  he  had  sowed  with  every  possible  care 
the  moment  received  a  ^s.  packet  of  choice  Primula 
seed,  obtained  Irom  one  of  our  leading  firms,  and 
raised  from  it  only  two  or  three  plants.  No  one 
questions  the  entire  integrity  of  the  house  in  ques- 
tion, or  the  superior  form  of  their  Chinese  Primula 
strains  ;  but  the  fact  illustrates  what  is  true^that 
much  apparently  good  seed  from  high-class  flowers  is 
infertile.  Cinerarias,  Calceolarias,  and  other  florists' 
flowers  showthe  same  characteristics — a  lack  of  pollen, 
and  consequent  lack  of  good  seed.  Inferior  strains  of 
these  things  will  produce  seed  in  great  abundance, 
even  without  any  attempt  at  artificial  fertilisation. 
Very  high-class  strains  seed  only  most  sparsely  even  if 
fertilised.  Thus  the  discrepancy  often  seen  in  seed 
stocks  as  represented  and  seedling  productions,  and 
which  creates  so  much  disappointment.  This  deca- 
dence in  fertility  is  a  heavy  price  to  pay  for  our  floral 
improvements  in  flowers,  the  production  of  which 
depends  upon  seed  ;  but  it  is  the  result  of  natural 
laws.  A  knowledge  of  this  matter  should  reconcile 
some  who  complain  of  high  prices  for  good  seeds  to 
the  incidence  of  the  charge.   D. 

Vegetables  in  the  North. — All  vegetables  are 
thriving  well,  and  so  far,  have  not  suffered  so  much 
as  usual  from  insect  attack.  Indeed,  vegetation  in 
general  is  unusually  vigorous  and  healthy,  and  growth 
and  foliage  fully  developed.  M.  Dunn, 

Children's  Gardens.— At  the  Police  Orphanage 
at  Twickenham  there  may  be  seen  some  forty-two 
gardens  worked  by  the  orphan  boys.  These  are 
about  half  a  rod  in  extent,  and  are  in  the  keeping  of 
two  boys,  one  of  whom  is  head  gardener.  Prizes  were 
given  for  the  best  gardens  by  the  local  horticultural 
society  the  other  day,  when  its  exhibition  was  held 
in  the  Orphanage  grounds,  and  much  interest  was 
of  course  aroused  on  the  part  of  the  youthful  com- 
petitors. The  superintendent  of  the  institution,  who 
is  a  devoted  gardener,  not  only  specially  encourages 
the  lads  in  their  work  but  also  gives  them  frequent 
lessons  in  elementary  botany,  with  special  reference  to 
familiar  garden  flowers.  These  gardens  are  literally 
prizes  in  themselves  for  good  conduct,  and  are  highly 
appreciated.  A.  B. 

Cypripedium  spectabile.— At  the  foot  of  the 
east  end  of  one  of  our  hills  this  variety  is  now  in  good 
condition,  our  rich  maiden  loam  mixed  with  a  little 
peat  and  leaf-mould  seems  to  make  it  a  home.  This 
is  the  third  season  we  have  had  it.  In  the  first  in- 
stance we  planted  a  small  crown.  The  first  season 
we  had  one  flower,  the  second  three.  This  season 
the  plant  (clump)  has  twenty-seven  breaks,  ten  flower- 
spikes,  and  eleven  flowers.  We  tried  several  of  the 
other  varieties,  but  they  perished  in  out  wet  climate, 
not  being  sufficiently  strong  to  start.  W.  A'.,  Balrath 
Burry. 

Winter  Blooming  Carnations.— I  read  with 
much  interest  "  T.  B.'s"  graphic  notes  on  "Seed 
Growing  at  Swanley,"  last  issue,  until  I  came  to  this 
paragraph,  about  which  there  has  been  some  dis- 
cussion and  some  misunderstanding.  Fur  several 
years  I  raised  a  batch  of  seedlings,  which  are 
sowed  in  February,  transplanted  any  time  in  June 
or  July,  to  where  they  are  to  flower.  Those,  as 
a  rule,  commence  to  bloom  that  were  twelve  months 
in  the  open  air.  The  Moor,  Mrs.  George  Hawtry, 
Andalusia,  Miss  Joliffe,  Alegaticre,  &c.,  will  do 
the  same,  but  they  will   not   bloom   beyond   October 


or  November.  Must  it  then  be  distinctly  understood 
that  to  have  those  in  bloom  in  winter  or  spring,  they 
must  be  grown  under  glass  ?  The  word  winter  is 
misleading.    W,  J.  Murphy^  ClonvieL 

Ixora  salicifolia. — Good  well  grown  flowering 
plants  of  Ixoras  are  very  useful  and  showy,  but  how 
seldom  we  meet  with  them.  Years  ago  I  used  to  see 
this  variety  figuring  occasionally  at  some  of  our  exhi- 
bitions, which  from  its  graceful  habit  and  intense 
bright  orange-scarlet  flowers  is  very  attractive.  I  was 
pleased  to  meet  with  a  good  plant  at  Woodbank, 
Dumfries  {C.  W.  Scott,  Esq.)  the  other  day  witli 
over  fifty  trusses,  many  measuring  8  Inches  across. 
It  is  an  object  of  great  beauty  as  seen  here.  The 
plant  in  question  is  worked  upon  the  old  coccinea, 
which  makes  the  best  stock  for  it,  so  I  was  informed 
by  Mr.  George  Cole,  the  gardener.  A,  O. 

Rhododendrons  for  Market. — I  have  been  much 
surprised  to  find  that  the  sellers  of  cut  flowers  in 
London  never  keep  Rhododendron  flowers  for  sale. 
Why  is  this?  If  cut  before  being  fully  expanded, 
they  will  travel  perfectly  well.  Every  year  I  send 
many  hampers  of  them  to  friends  in  London,  and 
they  arrive  in  excellent  condition.  Nor  do  they  soon 
wither  in  water  ;  if  picked  before  they  come  to 
maturity  they  will  last  a  week,  a  fortnight,  or  even 
longer  in  water.  I  have  even  seen  an  instance  in 
which  a  truss  of  flowers  lasted  more  than  a  month 
before  it  withered.  I  will  say  nothing  as  to  the 
beauty  of  the  flowers.     No  plant  which  I  know  will 


furnish  bouquets  on  a  large  scale  with  the  variety  of 
colour  which  the  Rhododendrons  will  afford,  and  this 
is  true  not  only  of  the  named  sorts,  but  of  the  hybrids. 
Among  these  last  the  loveliest  shades  of  pink,  lilac, 
&c.,  may  be  found.  Few  shrubs  have  the  same  power 
of  holding  their  own  in  woods  or  other  bits  of  land 
already  preoccupied  by  wild  shrubs  and  plants,  and 
in  suitable  situations  and  soils  they  will  produce  in- 
numerable seedlings.  If  there  were  a  sale  for  the  cut 
flowers  in  London,  tens  of  thousands  of  trusses  could 
easily  be  sent  every  season.  Siipe. 


Late  Broccoli. — I  saw  in  quantity  so  recently 
as  the  3d  ult.,  both  in  the  kitchen  gardens  at 
Heckfield  Place  and  at  Bearwood,  remarkably  fine 
examples  of  Sutton's  Late  Queen,  which  seems  to  be 
one  of  the  finest  of  late  Broccolis.  But  for  the  time 
of  year  it  might  have  been  easy  to  mistake  this  grand 
Broccoli  for  the  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower,  so  large, 
white,  and  massive  were  the  heads.  At  Heckfield 
the  soil  is  deeply  trenched,  but  very  light  and  porous  ; 
at  Bearwood  it  is  altogether  so  stiff  and  strong  that 
when  baked,  as  it  was  the  other  day,  it  might  well 
have  borne  a  traction  engine.  A  deep  drain  cut  in 
the  latter  garden  showed  4  feet  of  solid  clay  beneath 
the  soil.  I  mention  these  matters  to  show  that  this 
Broccoli  thrives  equally  well  in  both  kinds  of  soil, 
as  doubtless  it  will  do  well  anywhere.  Veitch's 
Model,  with  its  large  skittle-pin  shaped  and  well-pro- 
tected heads,  was  also  in  fine  form  at  Heckfield,  and 
it  is  certainly  a  grand  late  variety  for  private  gardens, 
though  I  think  less  useful  for  market  work,  because 
it  does  not  display  its  heads.  I  should  think  it  would 
pay  any  market  grower  whose  soil  does  Broccoli  well 
to  invest  largely  in  Late  Queen  if  seed  can  be  obtained 
at   a   reasonable    price.     From    the   middle  of  May 


onward  all  kinds  of  field  vegetables  are  scarce,  and 
a  good  Broccoli  should  then  prove  a  very  profitable 
crop.  Some  market  growers  may  object  that  such  a 
late  Broccoli  is  too  long  in  the  ground,  and  comes 
off  too  late  to  enable  another  summer  crop  to  follow. 
Certainly  the  best  succession  would  be  found  either 
in  Celery,  or,  in  the  field,  in  whi'e  Turnips.  A.  D, 

Garden  Refuse  Disposal. — Looking  over  the 
large  kitchen  garden  attached  to  the  Metropolitan 
Police   Orphanage   at    Twickenham   the    other    day, 

1  was  much  interested  to  note  the  way  in. 
which  Mr.  Gardiner,  the  superintendent,  dis- 
poses of  his  garden  refuse,  leaves,  sweepings, 
tS:c.  A  piece  of  ground  is  always  kept  vacant, 
and  a  piece  which  trenching  will  improve.     A  trench 

2  feet  in  width  and  depth  is  thrown  out,  and  into  this 
is  placed  all  the  refuse  of  the  garden  as  collected. 
When  full,  and  well  trodden  in,  another  trench  is 
thrown  out,  and  the  soil  covering  the  refuse  in  the 
first  trench  deeply,  and  of  course  raising  the  ground 
somewhat  for  a  time.  In  the  course  of  a  year  a 
large  piece  is  thus  treated  and  improved,  and  as  the 
trenching  and  burying  proceed  perpetually,  the  soil 
in  time  becomes  deeply  worked  and  exceedingly  fer- 
tile.  B.  A. 


joints  of  JUohs. 

Madeira,  its  Climate  and  Sceneiy,  &c.  By  James 
Vate  Johnson.  London  :  Dulau  &  Co. 
This,  though  nominally  a  third  edition,  is  in  reality 
a  new  book,  and,  what  is  more,  it  is  an  excellent  one. 
*'  The  writer  has  endeavoured  to  give,  in  addition  to 
the  usual  information  of  a  guide-book,  such  an  account 
of  the  island  in  its  chief  aspects,  as  an  intelligent 
visitor  would  desire  to  see."  The  author  has  in  our 
opinion  amply  succeeded  in  his  endeavour.  In  the 
introduction  ample  details  are  given  as  to  the  means 
of  reaching  the  island,  and  copious  hints  are  supplied 
to  the  traveller  and  visitor.  Chapters  on  the  history 
of  Madeira,  its  government,  manners,  and  customs, 
agriculture  and  physical  geography  follow,  and  then 
come  details  of  special  excursions  to  various  places  of 
interest.  The  fauna,  flora,  geology,  and  climate  all 
come  in  for  a  share  of  attention,  and,  so  far  as  we  can 
judge  from  those  sections  with  which  we  are  most 
familiar,  excellent  abstracts  are  given.  So  far  as  tem- 
perature is  concerned,  the  highest  point  yet  recorded 
was  90°  in  July,  1S82,  the  lowest  45'-.6  in  March — the 
mean  temperature  of  the  coldest  month  is  60'^. 3,  in 
February  ;  that  of  the  three  coldest  months,  January 
to  March,  being  only  slightly  higher,  August  and 
September  are  the  hottest  months,  their  mean  tem- 
perature slightly  exceeding  yz".  Rainy  days  vary 
from  thirty-nine  to  ninety-nine,  the  mean  annual 
number  at  Funchal  being  seventy-eight,  the  summer 
months  being  comparatively  rainless.  The  mean 
climatal  characteristics  are  the  high  winter  tempera- 
ture, the  moderate  summer  heat,  and  the  general 
equability.  As  a  brief  compendium  of  what  intelligent 
readers  and  intending  visitors  are  most  likely  to 
require,  some  knowledge  of  this  unpretending  little 
volume  niay  be  thoroughly  recommended,  the  more 
so  as  ample  references  are  given  to  works  of  greater 
magnitude  for  those  in  search  of  details  that  would  be 
out  of  place  in  this  handbook. 


Forests  of  Poland,  Lithuania,  &c.  {01iver&  Boyd.) 
Dr.  Croumbie  Brown's  untiring  diligence  receives 
fresh  illustration  in  the  publication  of  this  little 
volume,  the  companion  to  many  others  from  the  same 
pen.  The  preliminary  chapter  is  taken  up  with  a 
graphic  account  of  travelling  in  Russia,  from  the 
author's  own  experience,  and  from  Mr.  Mackenzie 
Wallace's  well  known  book.  The  contrast  between 
the  author's  earlier  travelling  experiences  in  Russia  in 
1836,  and  his  more  recent  ones  is  indeed  remarkable, 
as  also  the  substitution  of  2^d.  as  postage  for  a  letter 
conveyed  from  London  to  St.  Petersburg  in  four  days 
for  ip.  6ii.  for  a  letter,  the  transmission  of  which 
occupied  nearly  three  weeks.  The  little  volume,  in 
addition  to  statistical  details  relating  to  forestry,  con- 
tains so  much  incidental  matter  that  it  may  be  taken 
up  to  read  at  odd  times  with  pleasure,  though  it  has 
little  reference  to  forestry.  In  Poland  we  are  told  an 
endeavour  has  been  made  to  introduce  the  most 
advanced  forest  management  of  the  day — the  block 
method,  or  methode  des  compartiments  of  the  French, 
while  in  the  Baltic  provinces  there  are  special 
regulations  for  forest  management  which  are  specified 
at  the  end  of  the  volume. 


J-HE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  iSSj. 


NATIONAL  ROSE  :  July  7. 
It  shows  how  very  dependent  Rose.'  exhibitors  are  on  the 
Slate  of  the  weather,  that  had  the  magnificent  exh.b.t.oii 
which  was  held  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday  been  held 
on  the  previous  day,  or  had  the  same  sort  of  weatlier  pre- 
vailed on  the  day  of  the  show,  we  .hould  have  had  to 
chronicle  not  as  we  now  do,  the  most  successfttl,exhib.tion 
that  the  National  Rose  Society  has  ever  held  but  one,  and 
in  which  we  should  have  to  deplore  a  day  of  expanded 
and  staring  blooms,  and  for  which  all  kinds  of  names 
would  have  had  to  be  made.  As  it  was,  the  excess.vely 
hot  days  of  Saturday,  Sunday,  and  Monday,  had  so 
crippled  the  resources  of  the  smaller  growers,  that  more 
than  one-third  of  the  entries  fell  through.  T  his  was  not 
altogether  an  unmixed  evil,  for,  had  all  been  exhibited 
that  were  entered,  it  would  liave  been  difficult,  notwith- 
standing Mr.  Barron's  well  known  fertility  of  resource,  to 
have  known  where  to  have  placed  the  stands  :  as  it  was, 
every  available  space  was  occupied,  and  Roses  over- 
flowed in  all  directions.  No  boxes  of  spare  blooms  were 
required  to  fill  up  vacant  spaces,  and  every  coign  of 
vantage  was  occupied.  Many  of  the  classes  were 
placed  in  double  rows,  where  it  was  possible  to 
do  so  and  "a  feast  of  Roses,"  such  as 
perhaps  never  before  was  seen  was  held.  Our  memory 
goes  back  many  years,  and  although  some  are  ever 
praisers  of  the  past,  yet,  whether  for  variety  or  excellence, 
we  are  inclined  to  think  this  was  the  finest  Rose  show 
ever  held.  It  is  essenti.ally  the  amateurs'  field  day  ;  other 
places  may  have  as  extensive  a  display,  perhaps  more  so, 
contributed  by  the  growers  for  sale,  but  in  this  the  ama- 
teurs have  so  many  classes  provided  for  ihem-the  \vanls 
of  large  and  small  growers  are  so  carefully  thought  of 
—  that  all  have  an  opportunity  of  competing,  and  in  no 
way  perhaps  is  the  interest  of  Rose  growing  more 
increased  than  by  the  ample  opportunity  afforded  to  all 
to  engage  in  the  friendly  strife. 

There  were  two  especial  features  in  this  exhibition 
which  call  for  remark— the  novelty  introduced  by  the 
new  classes  for  Moss  Roses,  garden  Roses,  and  button- 
hole Roses.  Some  very  taking  stands  in  these  classes 
were  exhibited  and  attracted  much  attention  :  in  the 
class  for  garden  Roses  some  old  and  well-nigh  forgotten 
favourites  were  brought  forward,  and  we  cannot  but 
rejoice  on  this  step  taken  by  the  National  Rose  Society 
to  popularise  other  than  exhibition  Roses  ;  it  is  a  fitting 
corollary  on  their  publication  of  the  catalogue  of  garden 
Roses  issued  by  the  Society  last  year  ;  the  other  was  the 
wonderful  excellence  and  amount  of  the  Tea  Roses  m  all 
classes  whether  of  nurserymen  or  amateurs.  No  class 
of  flowers  has  been  more  improved,  or  more  increased 
in  the  extent  of  its  cultivation  or  the  number  of  those 
who  grow  them,  than  has  this  most  exquisite  and  lovely 
tribe  mainly  owing  to  the  better  knowledge  of  culture 
and  to  the  cultivation  of  the  seedling  Brier  which  is  so 
admirably  suited  as  a  stock.  Go  where  one  might  through 
the  exhibition  one  was  met  with  lovely  blooms,  shown  in 
many  instances  by  those  who  a  few  years  ago  would 
have  Ihoiioht  it  impossible  to  have  competed. 

We  never  recollect  an  exhibition  where  the  Roses 
stood  so  well  as  at  this  show,  a  cool  breeze  swept  through 
the  conservatory,  the  day  was  cloudy,  the  awnings  and 
shadings  were  carefully  placed,  and  when  at  the  close  of 
the  day  we  went  through  the  exhibition  we  never  recol- 
lect to  have  seen  so  few  Roses  staring  at  one  with  open 
eyes  as  on  this  occasion.  It  were  almost  superfluous  to 
add,  that  the  arrangements  under  Mr.  Barron's  ex- 
perienced hand  were  everything  that  could  be  desired, 
the  judging  was  over  by  twelve  and  the  members  ad- 
mitted to  the  private  view,  and!  the  general  public  were 
admitted  punctually  at  one  o'clock. 

XUKSEKVMEN. 


In  this,  the  highest  number,  seventy-two,  of  distinct 
kinds  in  sini^le  trusses,  was  shown,  the  ist  prize  being 
taken' by  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  of  Colchester.  The  blooms 
appeared  to  be  of  better  quality  than  the  exhibitor  had 
brought  to  the  Rose  show  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on  the 
4th  and  were  deservedly  placed  first.  We  specify  the 
following  as  being  some  if  not  all  of  his  best  blooms- 
Marie  Baumann,  Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Gloirc  de 
Vitry,  Souvenir  de  Madame  Boll,  Souvenir  d'Elise,  a 
kind  shown  in  good  style  in  many  stands  this  season  ;  A. 
K  Williams,  by  no  means  so  good  as  last  year  ;  Reynolds 
Hole  Horace  Vernet,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Niphetos, 
another  Rose  nowhere  seen  up  to  the  maik  this  year  ; 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Marie  Rady,  Beauty  of 
Waltham,  La  France,  Madame  Welch,  seldom  shown 
—a  beautiful  distinct  Tea,  of  a  coppery  colour  ;  Ulrich 
Brunner,  and  Madame  Caroline  Kuster.  The  2d  prize 
fell  to  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  the  finer  blooms 
being  Francoise  Level,  Uhich  Brunner,  Marechal  Niel, 
Mrs  G.  Paul,  Mons,  E.  Y.  Teas,  Countess  of  Rosebery, 
Camille  Bernardin,  and  Queen  of  Queens.  The  Cran- 
ston Nursery  Co.,  Hereford,  were  3d,  and  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  Slough,  4th. 

For  the  best  forty-eight  distinct  Roses,  three  trusses 
of  each,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  secured  Ihe  ist 
prize  exhibiting  duplicates  of  the  varieties  put  up  by 
them  in  the  larger  competition,  and  some  fair  examples 
were  noticed  of  Madame  Lacharme,  Captain  Christy, 
Etienne  Level,  Madame  Prosper  Langier,   Marie  Bau- 


mann Maiie  Kady,  and  Baroness  Rolhschild  ;  cd,  Mr. 
C  Ttirner  his  Due  de  Montpensier,  Madame  Margottin, 
Camille  Bernardin,  MadameHippolytejamain,  FranfOise 
Michelon  and  Souvenir  d'un  Ami  being  of  considerable 
merit  ;  ^id,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Salis- 
bury -^'ih    Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

For  eighteen  Tea  or  Noisette  Roses  Mr.  G.  Prince, 
Oxford,  took  ist  prize,  with  a  lot  of  much  beauty,  taking 
likewise  the  Society's  Silver  Medal  for  the  best  Tea  Rose 
bloom  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  The  other  extra  fine 
blooms  were  Catherine  Mermet,  a  kind  that  appears  of 
good  quality  generally  this  year  ;  Ann.a  Olivier.  Souvenir 
de  Paul  Ncron,  Hon.  Edith  Gifl-Qrd,  Niphetos,  Madame 
Marie  Amand,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  and  Madame  H. 
1  amain- the  last  a  very  superior  bloom  ;  ad,  Mr.  B.  1<. 
Cant— Madame  Welch,  Innocente  Pirola,  Marechal 
Niel  C.  Mermet,  lean  Duclier,  Madame  Bravy,  and 
Madame  Angele  facquier  -  the  last  named  a  hue 
example,  parlaking  of  the  form  of  C.  Mermet,  and  of  a 
coppery-yellow  colour;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough, 
Louis  Gigot,  Madame  Margottin,  and  Catherine  Mer- 
met being  among  the  best  examples  seen  in  <he  stand  ; 
4th,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  with  fine  kinds,  but 
inferior  in  size.  n  ,  j  , 

In  the  division  of  the  nurserymen  s  class  alloted  to 
those  not  exhibiting  in  the  classes  previously  noted 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford,  &  Co.,  Torquay,  were  placed 
l>.t  for  forty-eight  distinct  single  trusses— the  finest  spe- 
cimens of  their  blooms  were  Deviene  Lamy  Magna 
Charta,  La  France.  MdUe.  Marie  Lagrange  Nierveille 
de  Lyon.  Star  of  Waltham,  Madame  Ducher  Victor 
Verdier  Etienne  Level,  Camille  Bernardin,  Duchess  de 
Mornv  Annie  Laxton,  Sultan  of  Zanzibar.  Dupuy  jamara, 
and  Madame  Lcveque  ;  Mr.  F.  Cant,  Colchester,  was 
od  his  finest  blooms  being  Mar.5chal  Niel,  Le  Havre, 
Madame  Eugenie  Verdier,  Uhich  Stunner,  Horace 
Vernet,  Annie  Laxton,  Etienne  !-«'■'='■  .Pj'"" /"*;""• 
Franfoise  Michelon,  Baroness  Rothschild  and  M.ir- 
gu(5rite  de  St.  Amand  ;  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co  Howe 
House  Nursery,  Cambridge,  were  3d  with  pel  feet  but 
small  blooms  ;  4tl>.  Mr-  1-  "o"^<='  Peterborough,  with 
medium-sized  blooms.  .       .  , 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties  in  trusses  ot 
three  blooms,  ist.  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  ;  2d, 
Mr  T  House;-,d,  Messrs.  G.Coohng|&  Co.,  Bath  ;  4th, 
Messrs.  lohn  Itllries  &  Son,  Cirencester. 

For  twenty-four  distinct  varieties,  single  "u^ses,  the 
ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Kinmont  &  Kidd 
Vau.xhall  Nurseries,  Canterbury,  for  a  fine  stand  o 
Roses,  Kent  not  shining  in  the  Rose  field,  this  year  at 
least  where  light  soil  is  found.  Some  very  nice  bloonis 
came  from  this  old  established  nursery,  and  «e  noticed  in 
the  stand  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Beauty  of  '^Valtl  am. 
Charles  Lefebvre,  A.  K.  Williams,  Duchesse  de  ^allom- 
brosa,  Dupuy  Jamain,  Fran90ise  Michelon  Reynolds 
Hole  Xavier  Olibo,  and  Horace  Vernet,  all  cf  them 
superior  blooms.  Mr.  Mattock,  nurserymen,  New 
Headington,  Oxon,  was  2d.  with  sorts  medium  as  to 
size  •  Mr  I.  \S'alker,  Thame.  Oxon.  was  3d  ;  Mr.  G. 
Mount.  St.  Dunstan's  Nursery.  Canterbury,  4th--the 
exhibitor  receiving  the  Society's  Medal  for  the  best  HP. 
in  the  nurseryman's  and  open  classes.  Mane  Baumann, 
that  figured  in  the  last-named  stand.  t  ,.   „r 

For  the  competition  for  the  best  twelve  Teas  or 
Noisettes.  Mr.  G.  W.  Piper,  The  Nursery.  Uekfield 
took  ist  prize,  excellent  samples  being  seen  in  C.  Mer- 
met.  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Juhe  Mansais,  Souvenir 
dePaulNeron.  Innocente  Pirola.  Devoniensis  Souv'emr 
d'un  Ami,  and  Adam  ;  ad,  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co., 
Maidstone,  some  good  blooms  of  Souvenir  dEliseVar- 
don,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  and  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  being 
found  in  the  stand  ;  4ih,  Messrs.  Burrell  .'>;  Co. 

Am.\teurs'  Classes. 
For  the  competition  in  forty-eight  distinct  single 
trusses,  ist,  Kev.  J.  H.  Penrberton  Uavenng.  Komfo") 
who  took  not  only  the  Rose  Society  s  Challenge  Trophy 
for  the  best  fortveight  Roses,  but  also  the  Silver  Medal 
for  the  best  H.P.  in  the  amateurs  classes,  with  Ulrich 
Brunner  The  blooms  in  his  stand  were  of  great  sub- 
stance, large,  [and  full  ;  very  good  were  .^nna  Olivier 
Exposition  de  Brie.  Madame  Lambaud,  (_  oiiiuess  01 
Rosebery,  Marquis  de  Castellane,  Mane  van  Houtte. 
The  -'d  prize  was  awarded  to  W.  j.  Grant,  Esq.,  Hope 
End  Farm,  Ledbury,  for  some  beautiful  fresh  wtll-fiUed 
blooms.  The  kinds  were  mostly  old  favourites  :  very 
fine  were  Francoise  Michelon,  and  A.  K.  Williams 
Mr  1.  \\'.  Girdlestone,  Sunningdale,  Berks,  was  awarded 
-d  prize  for  blooms  of  great  size,  but  loose,  and  wanting 
fn  suhs.ance.  The  Rev.  R.  C  Hale,  Woodmanscote 
Rectory,  Uckfield.  Sussex,  took  4th  prize. 

For  twenty-four  single  trusses,  distinct.  Rev  H.  V 
Roberts,  Scale  Rectory.  Norfolk  was  ist.  and  his  finest 
blooms  were  found  in  Caroline  Kuster  A  K.  -Williams. 
Etienne  Level.  Madame  Eugenie  Verdier.  Baroness 
Rothschild,  Xavier  Olibo,  Ulrich  Brunner  and  Anna 
Olivier;  2d,  J.  G.  Fowler,  Esq.,  Woodford,  Essex, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Franyoise  Michelon,  Centifolia  losea, 
and  Louis  van  Houtte  were  the  choicest  examples. 

For  twelve  distinct,  three  trusses  of  each,  the  winner  ot 
the  Trophy  again  appeared  as  winner— Exposition  deHrie, 
Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Madame 
G  Luizet.  and  Pride  of  Waltham,  being  fine  blooms ; 
^d  I  W  Girdlestone— Marie  Baumann.  .\mazone,  Mer- 
veille de  Lyon,  and  Marie  Finger,  having  great  merit  ; 
R  N.  G.  Baker,  Esq.,  Heavitree,  Devon,  was  3d— Ul- 
rich Brunner  and  Madame  G.  Luizet  appearing  m  first- 
rate  condition  ;  Mr.  J.  P.  Budd,   8.    lury  Street,   B.uh. 

^^  The  c'ompetiUon  for  the  best  eighteen  Tea  or  Noisette 
Roses,  distinct  (single  trusses),  brought  some  capital 
flowers  together,  the  ist  prize  being  awarded  to  the- Rev. 
F  Page  Roberts— the  finest  in  the  stand  being  Mane 
Guillot.  Catherine  Mermet,  Mane  van  Houtte  Jean 
Duchet,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Anna  Olivier,  Madame 


WtlJi,  Caroline  Kuster,  La  Boule  d'Or,  S  juvenir  d  Elise. 
Rubens.  Madame  Bravy,  and  Innocente  Pirola  ;  y.  W. 
Girdlestone,  Esq.,  took  2d  prize,  his  Louis  Gigot, 
Madame  Bravy,  David  Pradel,  Niphetos,  and  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon,  being  fine  blooms;  3d,  -Mired  Slaughter. 
Esq.,  jarvis  Villa,  Sleyning  ;  4th,  ].  B.  Hall,  Esq  ,  Larch 
Wood,  Rock  Ferry. 

The  best  twentv-four  distinct,  single  trusses,  were— 
ist,  A.  J.  Waterl'ow,  Esq  ,  Gre.at  Doods,  Reigate  (gr., 
Mr.  j.  Browne),  his  finest  blooms  being  seen  in  Hemy 
Schultheis,  Due  de  Rohan.  Lady  Mary  Filzwilham.  Star 
of  Waliham,  Marie  Rady,  Pride  of  Reigale,  Marie 
Finger,  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Etienne  Level,  and  Duchess 
of  Connaught.  Miss  Watson  Taylor,  Manor  House, 
Headington,  was  awarded  2d  prize,  the  bloonis  of  Marie 
Baumann,  A.  K.   Williams,    Mad.ame  Eugenie  Verdi,  r, 

id  Abel  Carriere  being  very  good.     3d,  R.  West,  Esq., 


.eigaie. 

For  eight  distinct  varieties,  in  trusses  of  three  each, 
Mr  Browne,  gr  .  Great  Doods.  was  ist—Diipuy  |amair. 
Etienne  Level,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  and  M.ane  Racy 
being  his  best  blooms.  The  Rev.  W.  H.  Jackson, 
Stagsden  Vicarage,  Eed5.  was  awarded  2d  prize,  and 
Elienne  Level  and  Marie  Finger  were  the  best  blooms 
in  the  stand  ;  3d,  W.  H.  Wrfkely,  Rainham,  Kent,  and 
Rev.  E.  L.  Kellowes.  Wimpole  Rectory,  Royston. 

For  the  best  eighteen  dislincl.  single  trusses— ist,  Miss 
Baker.  Holmfels,  Reigate  (gr.,  Mr.  Budgeon).  The  finest 
examples  of  her  Roses  were  Charles  Lefebvre,  Jules 
Finger,  Dr.  Hogg,  Madame  H.  yamain,  Violctle  Bowyer, 
La  France,  Marquis  de  Castellane,  and  Franqoi^e 
Michelon  ;  E.  M.  Bethune,  Esq.,  Denne  Park,  Hors- 
ham, took  2d  prize— Henri  Ledechaux,  Pierre  Nolting, 
and  Marie  Rady  being  some  of  his  best  blooms  ;  3d, 
Miss  Chrisly,  Coombe  Bank,  Kingston  ;  4th,  Rev. 
E.  L.  Fellowes. 

The  best  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  single  trusses, 
were  shown  by  Mr.  y.  Browne,  ist— his  yean  Ducher, 
Bouquet  d'Or,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Caroline  Kuster,  Souvenir  d  Elise  Vardon,  and  Alba 
rosea  being  excellent  ;  2d,  Miss  Baker.  Marichal  Niel 
in  this  stand  had  an  extraordinary  deep  yellow  lint, 
although  not  so  remarkable  for  size  of  bloom.  3d,  Rev. 
E.  G.  King,  Madingly  Vicarage,  Cambs  ;  4th,  W.  H. 

Wakely,  Esq.  

E.  B.  Lindsell,  Esq  ,  Bearton.  Hitchin.  took  the  ist 
prize  for  twelve  distinct  varieties,  single  trusses  ;  and 
Rev.  A.  P.  Melliar.  Toslock  Rectory,  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
the  2d  ;  Rev.  W.  Wilks  the  3d. 

For  the  best  nine  distinct  kinds,  single  trusses.— ist, 
Mrs.  Fuller;  2d.  C.  Eddy,  Esq.,  Br.imley  Rectory, 
Basingstoke  ;  3d.  Rev.  J.  G.  Hodgson.  Sallwood  Rec- 
tory. Hythe ;  4th,  Julius  Sladden,  Badsey.  Edward 
Home.  Esq  ,  Park  House,  Reigate,  was  the  winner  of 
the  class  for  six  distinct  single  trusses.  Rev.  F.  Taylor, 
being  2d.  Mr.  y.  Bateman,  Twisden  Road,  Highgaie 
Road,  3d  ;  Rev.  F.  R.  Burnside,  Chipping  Camden, 
Gloucestershire,  4th. 

In  the  competition  for  six  Teas,  distinct,  single  trusses. 
Rev.  A.  F.  Melliar  took  the  lead,  his  Boule  dOr  being 
an  extra  fine  bloom  ;  Julius  SladJen,  Esq.,  2d  ;  Rev.  G. 
P.  Hodgson  3d. 

E.xTRA  Classes. 
For  twenty-four  distinct,  single  trusses,  twelve  H.P. 
and  twelve  Tea  or  Noiseltc.  — isl  and  Veitch  Medal,  Rev. 
W.  H.  Jackson,  the  finest  examples  in  the  stand  being 
Marie  Rady,  Etienne  Level.  Ducheise  de  Vallombrosa, 
F  Michelon,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Caroline  Kusler,  and 
Souvenir  d'Elise;  Rev.  H.  .\.  Burners,  Halsie.id 
Rectory,  Norwich,  was  2d.  with  a  stand  that  had  a 
superior  number  of  points,  but  in  which  unluckily  the 
proportion  of  H.P. 's  to  Teas  was  not  preserved,  hence 
Its  liaving  to  take  the  2d  place  ;  31!,  W.  H.  Grant,  Esq. 
For  a  basket  of  Teas,  Hybtid  Teas,  or  Noisettes,  the 
ist  prize  a  piece  of  plate,  went  to  Eckroyd  Cl.a.xlon,  Esq  , 
Allerlon,  Liverpool  ;  2d,  Mrs.  Culhcl,  Chapel  Crolt, 
Dorking  ;    3d,    Rev.    .\.    Clieales,   Brockham  Vicarage, 

For  the  best  si.x  single  trusses  of  any  H.P.— ist,  S. 
P  Budd,  Esq  ,  with  that  generally  good  variety  Ulnch 
Brunner  ;  2d,  G.  Christy,  Esq.,  8uckhurst_  Lodge, 
Westerham,  with  Mons.  Noman  ;  3d,  J.  Grant,  Esq.,  with 
Constanline  Fietiakofl';  4th,  E.  M.  Bethune,  Esq.  (gr., 
Mr.  Harris).  .       ■     , 

In  the  last  class  for  amateurs,  that  for  six  single 
trus'es  of  any  Tea  or  Noisette— isl.  Rev.  J.  H.  Pember- 
ton  with  Anna  Olivier;  Miss  E.  C.  Cuihell  2d,  wilh 
Marechal  Niel  ;  3d,  Miss  W.  Taylor,  with  Cathenne 
Mermet;  and  4th,  E.  M.  Bethune,  Esq.,  with  Innocente 
Pirola.  This  was  a  greatly  admired  class,  and  the 
blooms  were  altogether  ol  fine  quality. 

Open   Classes. 

For  the  best  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct  (ihree 
trusses  of  each).— ist,  Mr.  G.  Prince,  taking  also  the 
piece  of  plate.  The  finest  in  this  stand  were  Marechal 
Niel,  Catherine  Mermet,  Comtesse  Nadaillac,  a  very  beau- 
tiful flower,  as  was  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  and  Jean 
Ducher  ;  2d.  Mr,  B.  R.  Cant— Comtesse  Nadaillac  and 
Souvenir  d'Elise  being  .also  fine  blooms  here,  too,  as 
was  also  Madame  Welch  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son. 
Cheshunt,  whose  Souvenir  d  Elise  Vardon  and  C. 
Kuster  were  fine  examples  ;  4th,  Mr.  F.  Cant. 

For  the  best  collection  of  garden  Roses,  not  men- 
tioned in  the  catalogue  of  the  National  Rose  Society, 
there  were  some  interesting  stands  set  up,  Julius 
Sladden,  Esq.,  taking  ist  prize  for  a  stand  con- 
taining, amongst  others,  Madame  Filleon,  Piincess 
Clementine,  LaCapuciae,  Aniabilis  La  Ville  de  finixelles, 
Brugerie,  Jules  Margouin,  Olga  Marie.  Miss  Hansard, 
Narcisse,  Honore,  Fellembourg,  and  Madame  Planner— 
a  number  of  pretty  Ros-.s,  good  tor  bouquets,  button-hole 
flowers,  and  other  uses  where  preuiness  alone  is  a 
recommendation.     Mr.  y.  Walker  was  2d— Juno,  Lane  s 


July  ii,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


55 


Single  White  Prolific  Moss.  Maiden's  Blush,  CapUin 
Ingram.  Blush  China,  being  amongst  the  prettier  sorts  ; 
3d,  Messrs.  G.  Bimyard  &  Co.,  who  had  Crested  Moss. 
Rugosa.  Cannes  le  Coquette,  Leda,  and  Paul  Ricaut  ; 
^thT  Mr.  W.  Rumsey,  Waltham  Cross. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  Cheshunt  ;  the  Cranston  Nur- 
sery Co.,  Mr.  G.  Prince,  and  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co., 
touk  the  four  prizes  in  the  order  of  their  names  for  twelve 
bunches  of  Moss  Roses,  in  not  less  than  eight  varieties. 

For  the  button-hole  Roses,  twelve  bunches  in  six  varie- 
tit;5_ist,  \.  Mattock,  Ksq.  ;  2d,  the  Cranston  Nursery 
Co. ;  3d,  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co, 

New  Roses. 

For  the  best  varieties  of  these  not  in  commerce  in 
England  before  1883— 1st,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  & 
Co..  for  Lord  Bacon,  Madame  Rambaud,  Melled'Annia, 
Directeur  Alphand,  Mrs.  G.  Dickson,  Madame  Julie 
Gaulain,  Madame  Dellevaux,  Mary  Bennett,  Admiral 
Seymour,  Marguerite  de  Romane,  Souvenir  de  Leon 
G.imbetta.  Baron  de  Rothschild  ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son, 
Cheshunt,  were  placed  2d,  with  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  a 
crimson  ;  Longfellow,  purple  ;  Madame  Francesque 
Reve,  purplish-rose  ;  Sunset,  fawn  ;  Madame  Norman 
Neruda,  purple-rose  ;  Eclair,  crimson  ;  Grace  Darling, 
M.  Benoit  Comte.  a  full  crimson. 

For  the  best  twelve  blooms  of  any  new  Rose  not  in 
commerce  in  England  previous  to  1883— ist,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  with  M.  Walteville.  a  pretty  Tea  variety.  Messrs. 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  were  2d.  with  Alphonse  Soupert  ; 
Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co.  3d,  with  MerveiUe  de  Lyon. 

For  the  best  twelve  yellow  Roses,  single  trusses.  Mr. 
G.  Prince  was  placed  ist,  for  fine  examples  of  Comtesse 
Nadaillac.  clear  and  well  finished  ;  the  Cranston  Cn.  were 
2d.  with  the  same  kind,  but  smaller  flowers  ;  Mr.  Turner 
was  3d,  with  Madame  Margottin,  fairly  nice  blooms. 

For  the  be:,t  twelve  white  Roses,  single  trusses— ist. 
Messrs.  Curtis.  Sandford  ^  Co.,  with  very  large  and 
perfect  MerveiUe  de  Lyon  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  with  the 
same  variety  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  the 
same. 

Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son  took  ist  prize  for  the  best 
twelve  crimson  Roses,  with  A.  K.  Williams  ;  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  were  2d,  with  Alfred  Colomb  ; 
and  Mr.  G.  Prince,  with  Ulrich  Brunner. 

For  dark  velvety-crimson  Roses,  twelve  single  trusses, 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  took  ist  prize  wiih  HT^ 
Jean  Lilievre,  a  beautiful  dark  variety  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Paul 
ik  Son.  Cheshunt,  with  Abel  Carricre— exquisite  in  its 
velvety  look  ;  3d,  Miss  W.  Taylor,  with  Dr.  Hogg. 

For  the  best  twelve  single  trusses  of  any  Rose  Mr.  H. 
Bennett  was  an  easy  1st,  with  the  Rose  of  his  raising, 
Her  Majesty,  showing  it  in  splendid  condition  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant, 
with  Souvenir  d'Elise  ;  4th.  Mr.  F.  Cant. 

In  new  seedling  Roses  Mr,  H.  Bennett  was  the  only 
exhibitor,  taking  the  Gold  Medal  for  Mrs.  John  Laing, 
a  distinct  Rose,  light  pink,  with  a  silvery  sheen  on  the 
petals,  less  in  size  than  Her  Majesty,  and  perhaps  more 
generally  available  for  decorative  purposes,  and  with  a 
delicious  perfume, 

Messrs.  F.  Woollard  &  Son,  Rose  growers  and  nur- 
serymen, Cooksbridge,  Lewes,  had  a  nice  collection  of 
cut  blooms  of  Roses,  not  for  competition. 

Messrs.  J.  Veilch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  six  boxes 
of  capital  Rose  blooms,  consisting  of  old  and  new  varie- 
ties. Rosa  lucida  was  likewise  from  the  same  firm  ;  it  is 
an  excellent  kind  for  bouquet  work  or  buttonhole,  the 
calyx  being  peculiarly  long,  as  in  the  old  Moss  Rose, 
but  is  glabrous  and  not  mossy. 

A  striking  display  was  made  by  a  row  of  well-grown 
Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  Canations  {200)  from  Ascott. 
Mr.  Leopold  de  Rothschild  (gr.,  Mr.  Jennings)  having 
made  himsell  famous  by  their  cultivation.  1  he  plants 
were  disposed  in  a  straight  line  on  the  centre  table, 
stretching  at  touching  distance  its  whole  length. 

Mr.  T.  Ware,  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son.  Messrs.  Kel- 
way  &  Sons,  added  to  the  attractiveness  of  the  show  by 
an  exhibition  of  the  choicest  hardy  perennial  flowers. 


THE  CRYSTAL  PALACE  ROSE  SHOW: 

July  4. 

Favoured  by  splendid  weather  this,  the  first  great 
meeting  of  the  competitors  in  Rose  growing  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  metropolis,  gave  the  cue  to  what  might 
be  witnessed  at  the  National  and  other  shows  in  the 
following  week.  .A.s  had  been  anticipated  the  flowers 
were  not  so  fine  as  they  should  have  been,  the  cold 
intermittent  sort  of  weather  we  have  been  sub- 
ject to  having  checked  and  crippled  bloom,  the 
fact  as  to  this  being  equal'y  visible  in  the  winning 
stands  as  in  those  of  ihejless  lucky  competitors,  notwith- 
standing culture  always  tells.  The  flowers  have  not 
fulled  well,  the  eye  is  too  olten  a  conspicuous  mark, 
petals  are  uneven  in  growth,  markingwhere  the  cold,  and 
maybe  frosty  night  arrested  their  growth  ;  cross-eyed 
blooms  were  not  rare  even  in  winning  stands  ;  even  a 
premier  bloom,  in  a  later  show,  had  such.  Such  being 
the  kind  of  Roses  seen  as  yet  this  year,  we  can  only 
chronicle  the  feats  of  the  contending  exhibitors  as  exhi- 
bited on  the  show  table. 

Taking  the  open  classes  first,  Mr.  R.  B.  Cant,  of  Col- 
chester, took  the  ist  prize  for  seventy-two  distinct  single 
blooms,  with  an  even  lot  of  flowers,  very  little  superior 
to  the  next  winning  stand,  rendering  the  decision  of  the 
judges  a  very  near  thing.  Many  old  favourites  figured 
in  the  collection,  and  were  seldom  absent  from  any  of 
the  bigger  competing  groups,  viz.,  Catherine  Mermet. 
Violette  Bowyer,  Marie  Baumann,  Souvenir  d'Elise, 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam.  Madame 
Gabriel  Luizet,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  Marquis  de  Cas- 
tellane,  A.  K.  Williams,   Marie  Rady,  Caroline  Kuster, 


Niphetos,  Innocente  Pirola,  and  .\lphonse  Soupert. 
The  2d  prize  in  this  competition  fell  to  Messrs.  Paul  & 
Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt.  In  this  collection  there 
were  good  Xavier  Olibo,  Comte  Rembrandt.  Marie 
Verdier.  Captain  Christy,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  and  Beauty 
of  Waltham.  The  3d  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

For  forty-eight,  three  trusses  of  bloom  each,  distinct, 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons.  Cheshunt,  were  placed  ist.  with  a 
nice  even  lot,  very  good  being  Abel  Grand,  Madame 
Eugenie  Verdier,  E.  Y.  Teas.  Fran9oise  Michelon, 
Madame  H.  Jamain,  Mrs.  G.  F*aul,  and  Centifolia  rosea, 
Louis  van  Houtte,  Mons.  Noman, and  Prince  Arthur ;  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant  was  2d,  his  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  Duke  of 
'  Teck,  Madame  Marie  Verdier,  and  Ulrich  Brunner  bein^ 
extra  fine  examples  ;  Mr.  C.Turner  was  3d<-good  blooms, 
that  wanted  a  day  or  two  more  to  develope  them. 

Mr.  |.  House.  Peterborough,  took  the  ist  prize  for 
twenty-four  varieties,  three  trusses  each^Fisher  Holmes. 
Exposition  de  Brie.  Dr.  Andry.  Camille  Bernardin,  and 
Horace  Vernet  being  amongst  the  best  flowers  ;  Mr.  W. 
Rumsey,  Joyning's  Nursery,  Waltham  Cross,  was  2d — 
Ed.  Morren,  hlie  Morel,  and  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps 
being  the  pick  of  the  bloo:ns  in  his  stand  ;  3-i,  Mr.  F. 
Cant,  Colchester  ;  and  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath, 
received  an  extra  prize  for  a  meritorious  stand  of  twenty- 
four  trusses. 

For  twenty-four  varieties,  single  blooms,  distinct,  Mr. 
J.  House  secured  the  ist  prize,  the  blooms  of  Marechal 
Niel,  Alfred  Colomb,  Lord  Macaulay,  Niphetos,  and 
Charles  Lefebvre,  being  his  best  ;  Mr.  F.  Cant  was  2d — 
Constantine  Fretiakoff,  Sir  Garnet  Wolseley,  Abel  Car- 
riere,  being  nice  blooms,  and  Catherine  Mermet  extra 
fine  ;  the  3d  prize  fell  to  the  Oxford  grower,  Mr.  Prince. 

For  eighteen  Tea-scented  and  Noisette  Roses,  Mr, 
Prince  headed  the  list,  his  Madame  Welch.  Jean  Ducher, 
Devoniensis.  and  La  Bouled'OrbL-ing  very  good  blooms ; 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  was  2d — Catherine  Mermet  and  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami  having  extra  quality  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

For  a  collection  of  yellow  Roses,  Mr,  G.  Prince  took 
the  accustomed  lead  in  this  class,  the  blooms  of  Com- 
tesse de  Nadaillac,  Marquise  de  Sanina.  Fian9oise 
Kruger,  were  amongst  his  best,  the  whole  being  better 
than  any  we  have  seen  as  yet  of  the  kind  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  whose  Madame  Falcot,  Maiie 
van  Houtte,  and  Madame  Berard,  were  of  much  good 
quality  ;  the  3d  prize  fell  to  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co., 
Cambridge. 

For  white  Rose,  in  trusses  of  three— ist,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  good,  big  and  fresh  being  all  he  showed,  Violette 
Bowyer,  Niphetos,  and  MerveiUe  de  Lyon  especially  so  ; 
2d,  Mr.  W.  Rumsey  ;  the  3d  prize  was  withheld,  a  good 
Rose  often  classed  and  nearly  always  sold  as  a  white  one. 
viz.,  Madame  Hippolyte  Jamain.  being  included  in  a 
very  nice  lot,  but  as  it  is  a  pink  Rose  it  caused  the  dis- 
qualification of  the  stand. 

In  collections!  of  pink  -  coloured  Roses  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  were  ist  — 'Julie  Touvars, 
Duchesse  de  Morny,  and  Claude  Bernand  being  the  best 
blooms  ;  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  was  2d— La  France.  Mons. 
Noman,  and  Madame  G.  Luizet  were  the  finest  flowers 
in  this  lot  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Mattock.  New  Headington.  Oxon 
— nice  selection  but  of  unequal  merit. 

The  prizes  for  a  collection  of  crimson  Roses  were 
awarded,  1st,  to  Messrs.  Paul  <i  Son,  Cheshunt — Jean 
Sury,  Due  de  Rohan,  A.  K.  Williams,  Beauty  of  Wal- 
tham, Mons.  E.  V.  Teas,  &c.,  were  the  pick  of  the  stand  ; 
the  2d  to  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard.  Maidstone,  whose  Dupuy 
Jamain,  Richard  Laxton,  and  Bariholoniy  Joubertwere 
fine  blooms  ;  and  3d,  Mr.  Riinisey. 

For  velvety  crimson  Roses  Messrs.  Bunyard  took  the 
ist  prize,  the  blooms  of  Rosieriste  Jacobs,  Chas.  D.ir- 
win.  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  and  Prince  Arthur  being  of 
good  quality  for  Kent  Roses  this  year  ;  2d.  Mr.  B  K. 
Cant,  whose  Louis  van  Houtte  and  Abel  Carriire  were 
extra  good  blooms  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Rumsey. 

For  Marcchal  Niel  Roses  the  ist  prize  was  withheld, 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  taking  the  2d. 

For  eighteen  trusses  of  any  Tea  or  Noisette  kinds  Mr. 
F.  Cant,  Colchester,  was  placed  ist,  with  Souvenir 
d'Elise— fresli  and  not  over-bloomed  :  2d,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  with  the  same  kind  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son, 
Cheshunt.  with  nice  blooms  of  Jean  Ducher.  of  medium 
size.     .'\n  extra  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

For  eighteen  trusses  of  Marie  Baumann — ist,  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Paul  ^S:  Son.  Cheshunt  ;  3d, 
Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.,  Bush  Hill  Park,  Enfield. 

The  two  prizes  awarded  for  eighteen  Roses  of  Prince 
Camille  type  fell  to  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  and  Messrs. 
H.  Low  &  Co.,  respectively,  the  first-named  showing  the 
rich  dark  crimson  Abel  Carricre. 

For  eighteen  Roses  of  Franc  jise  Michelon.  or  similar, 
Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Son  took  the  ist  prize,  with  a  superior 
lot  of  Ulrich  Brunner.  fresh  and  even  as  to  size  ;  the  2d 
and  3d  fdlling  to  the  Cranston  Nursery  Company,  Here- 
ford, and  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

For  eighteen  Roses  of  Lady  ^L  Fitzwilliam,  as  by  right, 
the  ist  prize  fell  to  the  fortunate  raiser,  Mr.  Bennett, 
Shepperton  ;  2d  to  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  Bath  ;  and  the  3d 
to  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

The  prizes  for  eighteen  Roses  of  A.  K.  Williams — ist, 
Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Son,  Chesliunt,  for  blooms  of  fairly 
even  quality  and  size  ;  2d,  Mr,  G.  Mount.  St.  Dunstan's, 
Canterbury  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  G.  Grant,  Hope  End,  Led- 
bury. 

Mr.  House  took  ist  prize  for  eighteen  bunches  of  W. 
A.  Richardson  ;  Mr.  F.  Cant  was  ist  for  Niphetos, 
eighteen  trusses ;  and  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  2d  ;  Mr.  Prince, 
the  3d. 

Amateur  Classes. 

For  forty-eight  varieties,  distinct  (single  trusses),  a 
great  many  stands  were  shown,  the  same  kinds  being 
noted  in  those  that  were  present  in  the  open  classes, 
and  in  so  far  as  the  winning  stands  were  concerned,  the 
quality  was  equally  as  good    as  in  those,      ist,    Mr. 


Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B,  Hcywood,  Esq  .  Woodhatch 
Lodge,  Reigate— Magna  Charta,  MerveiUe  de  Lyon. 
Violette  Bowyer.  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Ed.  Morren,  and 
Charles  Darwin  being  conspicuous  as  good  examples  ; 
2d,  Rev.  |.  H.  Pemberton,  Havering,  Romford— Will 
Warden,  Marie  Montet,  Marquis  de  Gibot  being  his  best 
blooms  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  Slaughter,  jarvis  Villa,  Steyn- 
ing. 

For  twenty-four  varieties,  H.P.,  distinct,  Mr.  Gray, 
gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Stanhope,  Chevening  Park,  was  ist — 
Madam  C.  Wood,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  and  Mar- 
guerite Brassiac  being  amongst  his  best  blooms  ;  ad, 
Mr.  G.  Christy,  Buckhurst  Lodge,  Westerham  ;  3d, 
Mr.  R.  E.  West,  Reigate. 

For  twenty-four  varieties,  in  three  trusses  of  each, 
Mr.  T.  W.  Girdleslone,  Sunningdale,  took  ist  prize — 
Madame  Langier,  climbing  Captain  Christy,  Ulrich 
Brunner,  Thos.  Mills,  Marie  Finger  being  some  of  the 
most  noticeable  blooms  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Browne,  gr.  to  A.  J. 
Walerlow,  Esq.,  Greflt  Doods,  Reigate  ;  3d,  Rev.  J.  H. 
Pemberton. 

For  twelve  varieties,  a  class  which  included  the  best 
Roses  seen  at  the  show,  Mr.  E.  B.  Lindsell,  Bearton, 
Hitchin,  Herts,  was  ist  ;  Mr.  J.  Browne  2d,  Mr.  E. 
Wilkins,  Lyndhurst,  Sutton,  3d  ;  an  extra  prize  being 
awarded  to  Mr.  E.  Bethune.  Denne  Park,  Horsham. 

For  Tea-scented  Roses  Mr.  A.  Slaughter  took  the 
ist  place,  Mr.  Bethune  the  2d,  and  ReV.  H.  A.  Berners 
the  third. 

Amongst  the  minor  attractions  may  be  named  Messrs. 
Laing  &  Co.'s  Begonias,  of  which  the  names  of  the* 
cerlificated  varieties  will  be  found  below.  Hardy 
flowers  and  others  from  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Son  ;  Be- 
gonias from  Messrs.  H.,  Cappin  &  Sons.  Shirk^y,  Croy- 
don ;  Lilium  auratum  from  Mr,  C.  Turner,  and  a  large 
show  of  Roses  at  the  eastern  side  of  the  main  transept, 
brought  by  W.  Paul  &  Son.  of  Waltham  Cross. 

Prizes  for  Picolees  were  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
Great  Gearies,  Ilford,  and  Mr.  C.  Turner  respectively— 
ist  and  2d  in  the  order  of  their  names ;  and  lor  Carna- 
tions, in  which  the  order  was  reversed. 

First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  to  Messrs.  John 
Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  for  Begonias  Mrs.  Howe,  a 
double  rose-coloured  flower  ;  Little  Beauty,  also  double, 
and  pink-coloured  ;  Anak.  an  immense  single  scarlet ;  and 
Princess  Victoria,  a  double  pink,  having  a  white  centre. 
Mr.  Henry  Bennett,  Shepperton,  received  a  First-class 
Certificate  for  his  new  Rose,  Mrs.  John  Laing,  a  fine 
flower,  full,  and  less  gigantic  than  Her  M;ijesty,  and 
therefore  likely  to  find  more  numerous  admirers  ;  the 
colour  is  light  pink,  with  a  silver  sheen— very  beautiful. 


BATH  ROSE  SHOW:   July  2. 

The  annual  Rose  show,  which  as  regards  the  number 
and  excellence  of  the  exhibits,  as  well  as  the  financial 
success  attending  the  efforts  of  the  Bath  Floral  Fete  and 
Band  Committee  to  make  the  show  a  thoroughly  repre- 
sentative one  by  providing  such  a  liberal  schedule  of 
prizes,  must  be  classed  us  one  of  the  best  of  the  season, 
was  held  in  association  with  the  National  Rose  Society 
in  the  Sydney  Gardens,  Bath,  on  Thursday  last,  under 
most  auspicious  circumstances  as  regards  the  weather, 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  and 
Messrs.  George  Cooling  &  Son,  were  well  to  the  hont 
in  the  nurserymen's  and  open  classes.  In  the  latter  and 
amateur  classes  Messrs.  T.  W.  Girdlestone,  S.  P.  Budd, 
A.  Evans,  Captain  Christy.  Rev.  C.  Eddy,  and  Miss 
Watson  Taylor,  occupied  prominent  positions,  as  a 
glance  at  the  following  prize  list  will  show. 

Nurserymen. 

The  liberal  prizes  which  the  committee  very  wisely 
ofl"ered  this  year  in  a  few  of  the  leading  classes  brought 
out  a  good  competition  and  a  capital  lot  of  blooms.  In 
the  class  for  seventy-two  distinct  varieties  there  were  four 
grand  lots  staged,  and  these  took  the  judges  some  con- 
siderable lime  to  adjudicate  upon  ;  finally,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  of  Colchester,  was  awarded  ist  honours.  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Clieshunt.  Herts.  2d  ; 
and  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Salisbury,  a  good 
3d  ;  each  exhibitor  staging  fairly  large,  even,  and  fresh 
blooms. 

For  thirty-six  varieties  (three  trusses  of  each),  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son  were  awarded  ist  position  for  a  truly  grand 
lot  of  blooms  ;  2d,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  There  were  four 
lots  put  up  in  this  class  also. 

Out  of  three  lots  of  eighteen  varieties  (three  trusses  of 
each),  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  Torquay,  had 
thebest  ;  showing  grand  bloomsof  old  andnew  favourites. 

Ulrich  Brunner  was  awarded  the  National  Rose 
Society's  Silver  Medal  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual 
Rose  in  the  show  ;  Messrs.  George  Cooling  &  Son, 
Bath,  were  a  good  2d,  showing  Roses  in  grand  con- 
dition. 

Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  were  again  ist  (out 
of  four  lots  put  up  in  capital  form)  for  thirty-six  varieties, 
single  truss  of  each  ;  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son  being,  as  in 
the  preceding  class,  a  capital  2d  ;  and  Mr.  George 
Mount  3d. 

In  the  following  tlass  for  eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes, 
distinct  there  were  only  three  contestants  :"  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  Mr.  J.  Mattock,  and  the  Cranston  Nursery  Co.. 
secured  the  awards  in  the  order  in  which  their  names 
appear. 

Amateurs. 

In  the  class  for  thirty-six  distinct  varieties  (single 
trusses),  J.  W.  Girdleslone,  Esq. ,  Sunningdale,  Berks,  had 
the  best  among  four  lots  put  up  ;  P.  Budd.  Esq.  (gr. 
Mr.  George  Campbell),  was  a  good  2d— his  blooms  were 
very  good  ;  Miss  Watson  Taylor  was  a  good  3d. 

Out  of  eight  stands  of  twenty-four's  Captain  Christy, 


56 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  1885. 


and   Miss  Watson 
varieties,  three  trusses  of 


Sidmouth,  secured  ist  position,  with  a  grand  lot  of 
blooms  :  the  Rev.  Charles  Eddy,  Andover,  being  2d, 
and  A.  Evans.  Esq.,  3d. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  trebles,  distinct,  four  lots  were 
staged.     J.  W.  Girdleston,  Esq.,  scored  another  victory, 
P.    Biidd,    Esq.,  being  a  good 
Taylor  a  good  3d. 

Out  of  six  lots  staged  of  — -  .     ^.    ■ 

each,  the  Rev.  Charles  'F.ddy  was  ist.  Captain  Christy 
and  I.  Smith,  Esq.,  Warminster,  being  respectively  2d 
and  3d.  J     u        • 

Si.\  lots  of  six  singles,  distinct,  were  staged,  the  pnzes 
being  awarded  to  Mr.  Tanner.  Mr.  J.  Witts,  and  the 
Rev   C   C.  Layard(gr.,  Mr.  |.  Weston),  m  that  order. 

In  the  class  for  twelve   Teas  or   Noisettes,  distinct, 
single  trusses,  seven  lots  of  excellent  blooms  were  put 
■■"   the  ist  prize  going  to  ].  W.  Girdleston,  Esq.,  for 
eally  good  lot  of  blooms,  amongst  them  a  beautiful 


Strawberries. 


N'iphetos,  which  secured  for  its  very  successful  exhibitor       fleshed  Melon  of  excellent  flavour.     It  is  the  result  of 
National  Rose  Society's  Silver  Medal  for  the  best       "-~"  i,. ..■.»<."  ^;I.3roHl^^•c  i-ochmoro  onH  Rastnnr  Castl 


Tea  or  Noisette  Rose  in  the  exhibition.  Miss  Watson 
Taylor  (gr..  Mr.  Gurdon)  was  a  good  2d,  and  W.  J. 
Grant,  Esq..  was  a  good  3d. 

In  the  following  class  for  six  Teas,  distinct,  single 
trusses,  Mr.  W.  Garrawav!  Oxford,  had.the'best  out  of 
six  lots  staged  ;  Joseph  Smith,  Esq.,  was  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
G.  Tanner,  Chippenham,  3d. 

Open  Classes. 
These  were  well  contested.  There  were  eleven  lots  ol 
twelve  single  trusses  of  any  Rose  staged.  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son  were  ist.  Miss  Watson  Tavlor  being  a  good  2d, 
and  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  and  the  Cranston  Nursery  Co. 
equal  3d. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  twelve  trusses  of  any 
vellow  Rose  five  lots  were  put  up.  A.  Evans,  Esq., 
Oxford  was  ist,  with  grand  blooms  of  Mari^chal  Niel  ; 
the  Cranston  Nursery  Co.  2d,  with  rather  small— as 
compared  with  those  in  the  ist  prize  stand— blooms  of 
the  same  varietv  ;  3d.  Miss  Watson  Taylor,  with  neat 
blooms  of  Belle  Lyonnaise. 

For  a  like  number  of  trusses  ol  any  crimson  variety 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant's  Marie  Biumann  secured  ist  place, 
and  Alfred  Dumesnil  2d,  for  Messrs.  Curtis.  Sandford 
&  Co.  ;  and  A.  K.  Williams  3d.  for  the  Cranston 
Nurserv  Co.     Nine  lots  were  shown  in  this  class. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  was  again  to  the  front  in  the  pink 
Rose  class,  with  twelve  large  blooms  of  Madame  Gabriel 
Luizet,  followed  closely  by  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  with  La 
France  and  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet  ;  and  S.  P.  Budd, 
Esq  ,  with  La  France.     Seven  lots  were  staged. 

There  were  six  lots  staged  in  the  class  for  six  trusses 
of  any  new  Rose  of  1883-84.    Alphonse  Soupert  gained 


Althou.gh  the  neighbourhood  of  Bath  is  somewhat 
famed  for  the  production  of  fine  Strawberries,  the  thirty- 
eight  dishes  which  came  under  the  notice  ol  the  judges 
on  the  present  occasion  were  but  mediocre.  For  six 
dishes  of  thirty  fruits  there  were  three  competitors,  one 
being  disqualified  for  showing  two  dishes  of  one  variety 
under  two  names.  The  ist  and  2d  prizes  went  to  Mr. 
G.  Garaway  and  Mr.  W.  Tylee.  in  the  order  in  which 
their  names  appear.  Mr.  H.  Scott  was  ist  for  three 
varieties,  and  Mr.  Beavis  2d.  Mr.  G.  Garaway  was  ist 
for  a  single  dish,  with  President  ;  Mr.  Warden  following 
closely  witli  Sir  J.  Paxton,  Mr.  T.  Evry  securing  3d 
place. 

New  Melom,  Longleat  Perfection. 

Mr.  Pratt,  of  Longleat  Gardens,  Warminster,  obtained 

First-class  Certificate  for  a  large  green-skinned  white- 

-.jshed  Melon  of  excellent  flavour.     It  is  the  result  of  a 

cross  between  Meredith's  Cashmere  and  Eastnor  Castle. 


Tuberous  Begonias. — With  these  Mr.  Allan  took  the 
lead,  having  nicely-flowered  medium-sized  plants  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Turner. 

Selaginelas. 


Messrs.  Curtis.  Sandford  &  Co.  premier  position,  as  did 
MerveiUe  de  Lyon  the  Cranston  Nursery  Co.  2d  :  and 
Lady  Mary  FiztwiUiam  secured  Mr.  ].  Mattock  the  3d 
place.  ,  ,. 

In  the  class  for  a  basket  of  Roses  (with  Rose  fohage 
only)  tastefully  arranged,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son  were  a 
good  ist,  with  a  good  arrangement  of  well  chosen  varie- 
ties ;  Mr.  Mattock  was  2d,  and  Mr.  Drummond,  Bath,  3d. 

Local  Prizes  :  Amateurs. 
There  was  only  one  stand  of  twenty-four  distinct  varie- 
ties, single  trusses,  put  up  in  competition  for  the  Na- 
tional Rose  Society's  Gold  Medal  and  two  pounds  pre- 
sented by  the  committee.  This,  consisting  of  excellent 
blooms  of  the  leading  varieties,  secured,  as  all  admitted 
it  deserved  to  do,  for  Samuel  P.  Budd.  Esq.,  the  veteran 
amateur  grower  of  the  district,  the  prizes  indicated. 

Six  stands  of  twelve  varieties,  singles,  were  put  up. 
Mr  F.  Clerk  secured  ist  place  with  a  very  neat,  fresh, 
even  lot  of  blooms  ;  2d,  Rev.  G.  Gardener  ;  and  Mrs. 
Home,  3d.  ,        ,        . 

There  was  only  one  award  made  in  the  class  for  nine 
Teas,  distinct,  one  truss  of  each.  This  went  to  S.  P. 
Budd,  Esq. 

Bouquets  (Open). 
In  the  class  for  twelve  bouquets  of  Roses  for  the 
hand,  the  prizes  went  to  Messrs.  George  Cooling  &  Son. 
Mr,  Mattock,  and  Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond  in  that  order. 
The  1st  and  2d  prize  ones,  which  were  very  close  to  each 
other  in  point  of  merit,  were  composed  of  suitable 
varieties. 

With  six  bouquets  of  Roses  Miss  Watson  Taylor  was 
ist ;  Mr.  Charles  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  H.  Bathurst. 
Bart..  Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury,  was  a  close  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  lames  Stuckey,  3d. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  some  of  those  Roses  that 
were  best  shown  in  all  the  show  :— Dupuy  Jamain,  Marie 
van  Houtte,  La  France,  Duke  of  Wellington,  Homer, 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam.  Innocente  Pirola,  Souvenir 
d'Elise,  G<5niral  Jacqueminot,  Mar(5chal  Niel.  Mane 
Finger.  Devoniensis,  Catherine  Mermet.  Souvenir  d'un 
Ami,  Violet  Bowyer,  Mane  Verdier,  Captain  Chnsty, 
A.  K.  Williams,  Etienne  Levet,  Xavier  Olibo,  Duke  of 
Teck,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  Niphetos, 
MerveiUe  de  Lyon,  &c. 

Plants. 

Two  lots  of  twelve  ornamental  foliage  plants,  in 
variety,  and  two  lots  of  twenty-five  exotic  Ferns,  in 
twelve  varieties,  were  staged  (one  row)  along  the  centre 
of  the  staging  in  the  two  large  exhibition  tents  by  Mr. 
S.  E.  Bryant  and  Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond,  to  whom  in 
each  case  the  prizes  were  awarded  in  that  order  ;  and  by 
way  of  affording  variety,  six  plants  of  Orchids,  in  two 
varieties,  viz.,  Cattleya  intermedia  and  Odontoglossum 
Alexandrae,  were  contributed  by  Mr,  R.  B.  Cater,  Bath, 
which  receivedja  Certificate  of  Merit,  a  similar  award 
being  given  to  Messrs.  Hooper,  Bath,  for  a  nice  stand  of 
seedling  Carnations. 


TUNBRIDGE    WELLS    HORTICUL- 
TURAL :    July  3- 

The  twenty-fourth  annual  summer  show  held  by  this 
society,  hke  so  many  that  have  preceded  it.  was  a 
decided  success.  In  most  of  the  various  classes  the 
competition  was  unusually  close.  Plants,  both  flowering 
and  fine-leaved,  were  remarkable  for  their  general  excel- 
lence, not  the  least  commendable  feature  attached  to 
them  being  their  fresh  appearance — a  condition  not 
always  present  at  this  advanced  period  of  the  exhibition 
season,  when  many  of  the  specimens  forthcoming  often 
show  the  effects  of  repeated  packing  and  long  travel. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class  for  eight  in  bloom  there  was  a  near 
run  between  Mr.  Gibson,  gr.  to  T.  F.  Burnaby  Atkins, 
Esq.,  and  Mr.  Gilbert.  Hastings,  who  were  respectively 
rst  and  2d.  Mr.  Gibson's  group  contained  profusely 
flowered  examples  of  Dipladenia  amabilis  and  D.  rosacea. 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  with  numerous  large  and 
highly  coloured  flowers  ;  the  seldom  seen  Cleroden- 
dron  fallax,  large  and  full  of  bloom  ;  Ixora  Williamsii, 
Clerodendron  Balfourianum  profusely  flowered,  Statice 
profusa,  and  AUamanda  nobilis  ;  Mr.  Gilbert  had 
amongst  others  a  very  finely  bloomed  specimen  of  l-"rica 
Cavendishii,  E.  Exquisite,  and  Dipladenia  amabilis  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Rann.  gr.  to  j.  Warren,  Esq.,  Crawley. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (open). — With 
these  likewise  Mr.  Gibson  took  ist,  showing  Ixora 
Fraseri.  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  Dipladenia  amabilis 
bearing  large  and  highly  coloured  flowers,  and  Anthu- 
rium Scherzerianum  ;  Mr.  Pope.  gr.  to  ].  |.  Barron, 
Esq. ,  Tunbridge  Wells,  was  a  good  2d. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs). — ist, 
Mr.  Moorhouse,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Temple.  Esq..  Groom- 
bridge,  who.  in  a  nicely  grown  well-flowered  half-dozen, 
had  Kalosanthes  coccinea.  -Anthurium  Scherzerianum, 
and  the  pretty  white  Erica  Shannoni  ;  Mr.  Pope,  2d, 
having  a  well  bloomed  specimen  of  Erica  Aitoniana 
Turnbulli  and  Ixora  javanica. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs). — ist. 
Mr.  Pope,  with  medium  sized  examples,  full  of  flower. 


With  eight, 
honours  for  ( 
noticeable 


Fine-foli.\ge  Plants. 

in  the  open  class,  Mr.  Rann  had  ist 
le  of  the  finest  groups  he  has  staged, 
it  being  Phcenix  tenuis,  some  15  feet 
across  ;  Thrinax  elegans,  Croton  Evansianus.  a  large 
leaved,  highly-coloured  variety  ;  and  a  beautiful  speci- 
men of  Bonapartea  stricta. 

Six  ornamental  plants  (amateurs). — Here  Mr.  Moor- 
house was  ist,  showing,  amongst  others,  in  a  creditable 
collection,  Areca  sapida,  Chamxrops  humilis.  and  Arau- 
caria  excelsa  ;  2d,  Mr.  Turner,  gr.  to  J.  A.  Le  Lacheur, 
Esq  ,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

Ferns 
of  immense  size  and  in  beautiful  condition  were  shown 
in  the  open  class  for  eight,  Mr  Rann  again  taking 
the  lead,  (his  best  examples  being  Cyathea  dealbata. 
C.  Smithii,  both  large  and  in  fine  order  ;  dense 
specimens  of  Gleichenia  rupestris  and  G.  Mendehi. 
with  the  rare  Thyrsopteris  elegans  ;  Mr.  Pope,  who  was 
2d,  also  had  a  very  nice  group  containing  Dicksonia 
squarrosa,  D.  antarctlca,  Cyathea  medullaris,  and  C. 
dealba  a. 

Fuchsias. 

These  were  staged  in  nice  order  by  Mr.  Shoebridge. 
gr.  to  W.  Edwards.  Esq..  Tunbridge  Wells,  who  had 
large  bushy  specimens,  clothed  with  healthy  foliage  and 
plenty  of  flowers  :  the  plants  not  being  over-trained  had 
a  free  and  natural  appearance ;  2d,  Mr.  Beilby,  gr.  to 
W.  H.  Tindall,  Esq. 

Pelargoniums. 


With  six  large  flowered  varieties  Mr.  Wilkins,  gr.  to 
S.  Hall,  Esq.,  took  ist  ;  2d,  Mr.  Shoebridge. 

Six  fancies. — ist,  Mr.  -Allan,  gr.  to  G.  H.  Field,  Esq,; 
2d,  Mr.  Wilkins. 

Double  zonals  were  well  represented,  Mr.  Wilkins 
taking  ist  for  six.  Mr.  .\llan  2d. 

Single  zonals.— ist,  Mr.  Beilby  ;  2d,  Mr.  Allan. 

Gloxinias  and  Begonias 

were  in  first-rate  condition,  compact,  and  stout  in  foliage, 
the  flowers  large,  numerous,  and  free  from  bruise  or 
speck.  With  six  Mr.  Read,  gr.  to  Mrs.  W.  C.  Cripps. 
was  ist  :'  Mr.  Beilby,  who  was  2d,  Ukewise  exhibited 
good  plants. 


have  rarely  been  seen  so  well  grown,  Mr.  Aylward, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Foster,  and  Mr.  H.  Scammell,  gr.  to 
C.  Reily,  Esq.,  having  equal  ist  prizes,  and  both  staging 
plants  in  faultless  condition. 

Groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect  are  generally  well 
done  in  this  part  of  the  country,  and  the  present 
occasion  was  no  exception  to  the  rule.  A  good  sized 
tent  was  wholly  filled  with  them.  In  a  close  run  Mr. 
F'ennell,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Cazalet,  Tonbridge,  headed  the  com- 
petition with  a  beautiful  group,  in  which  colour  and  form 
in  the  plants  used  had  been  kept  well  in  view  ;  Mr. 
Wilkins,  and  Mr.  A.  Bashford,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Stoddart- 
Douglas,  who  were  2d  and  3d  in  the  order  of  their  names, 
also  had  very  effective  exhibits. 

An  extra  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Coleman,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Arthur  Pott,  for  an  attractive  group  of  flowering 
and  fine-leaved  plants  shown  not  for  competition. 

Mr.  F.  Webber,  nurseryman,  Tonbridge,  received  a 
well  merited  commendation  for  a  beautifully  arranged 
group  of  Ferns,  a  hke  award  being  made  to  Mr.  W. 
Wilkins,  for  a  collection  of  tuberous  Begonias. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  not  shown  in  such  large  quantities  as  we 

have  been    acccustomed    to  meet  with  at   Tunbridge 

Wells,  but  the  quality  of  those  present  made  up  the 

deficiency  in  point  of  numbers. 

For  forty-eight  distinct  varieties,  single  blooms,  in  the 
open  class,  Mr.  Piper,  nurseryman,  Uckfield,  staged  a 
a  fine  lot  of  flowers  which  were  a  long  way  ahead  of  the 
other  exhibitors  in  the  class,  but,  unfortunately,  the  mis- 
take was  made  of  putting  in  two  blooms  of  Duke  of 
Edinburgh,  by  which,  as  a  matter  of  course,  the  stand 
was  disqualified.  It  was  an  unfortunate  mistake,  as 
both  the  flowers  were  labelled  ;  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co., 
Maidstone,  were  2d  ;  Messrs.  WooUard,  nurserymen, 
Cooksbridge,  3d. 

With  twenty-four,  Mr.  Alfred  Slaughter,  Steyning, 
took  a  decided  lead,  having  a  beautiful  lot  of  full-sized, 
even  flowers,  prominent  amongst  which  were  G^n^ral 
J.icqueminot,  Marie  Rady,  Charles  Lebfevre,  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  and  Louis  van  Houtte;  Messrs.  Bunyard,  2d. 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  twenty-four,  Mr.  Slaughter 
was  again  ist,  with  another  grand  lot  of  blooms  ;  Mr. 
Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  who  was  2d,  also 
showed  well. 

Twelve  Roses. — Here  also  Mr,  Slaughter  had  first 
honours,  with  a  good  dozen,  all  but  too  many  of  a  colour, 
red  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ridout. 

Twelve  Tea  or  Noisette  varieties. — With  these,  Mr. 
Slaughter  was  once  more  to  the  fore,  showing  a  fine  set 
of  blooms,  noticeable  in  them  being  Alba  rosea,  Perle  de 
Lyon,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  and  Araazone  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ridout. 
The  National  Rose  Society's  Silver  Medal,  offered  for 
the  best  single  bloom  of  hybrid  perpetual  shown  in  the 
open  classes  ol  forty-eight  and  twenty-four,  was  won  by 
Messrs.  Bunyard  with  a  fine  flower  of  Violette  Bowyer. 

A  similar  medal,  offered  for  the  best  bloom  of  hybrid 
perpetual  in  the  amateurs'  classes  of  twenty-four  and 
twelve,  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Ridout  for  A.  K.  WilUams 
in  its  taest  form. 

The  Bronze  Medal  for  the  best  single  Tea  Rose 
shown  in  the  class  for  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  was 
taken  by  Mr.  H.  Simmonds,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  R.  C. 
Hales,  with  a  well  formed  highly  coloured  example  of 
Marquis  de  Sanina. 

Collections  of  eighteen  varieties  of  cut  flowers  made 
an  imposing  display,  Mr.  Moorhouse  taking  a  long  lead 
with  a  beautiful  lot 

Fruit. 
Of  this  there  was  a  large  display.  In  the  class  for  a 
collection,  unlimited  in  number  of  varieties,  Mr.  Hop- 
good,  gr.  to  Sir  Juhan  Goldsmid,  Tonbridge.  was  ist, 
his  best  examples  being  three  Pines,  Black  Hamburgh 
and  Muscat  of  .Alexandria  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
a  couple  of  Melons,  Figs,  StrawlDerries,  and  Cherries  ; 
Mr.  Fennell  was  a  good  2d,  with  fruit  in  nice  condition  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  A.  Brassey,  Esq.,  Ayles- 
■ford. 

Of  three  bunches  of  black  Grapes  there  were  several 
very  good  exhibits,  the  best  being  contributed  by  Mr. 
Moorhouse,  who  had  bunches  of  even,  highly  finished 
berries  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hopgood,  who  also  staged  fine 
examples,  perfectly  coloured,  but  a  little  over-thinned  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Morris,  gr.  to  C.J.  Ebden.  Esq.,  St.  Leonards. 
Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes.— With  these  Mr.  Harvey, 
gr.  10  C.  L.  Higgins.  Esq  ,  Warlingham,  took  the  lead, 
having  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Wilkins. 
Three  bunches  of  Grapes,  in  three  varieties,  exclusive  of 
Haraburghs  and  Muscats.— Here  Mr.  Allan  was  ist, 
"  with  Foster's  Seedling.  Buckland  Sweetwater,  and  Black 
Prince  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gore,  gr.  to  Captain  Taylor.  Hastings. 
Peaches  were  well  shown  by  a  number  of  exhibitors, 
the  1st  prize  going  to  Mr.  Moorhouse.  for  a  good  dish 
of  Grosse  Mignonne  ;  Mr.  M.  J.  Bashford,  gr.  to  j. 
Corlett,  Esq..  East  Sutton,  taking  2d,  with  beautiful 
examples  of  Early  York. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.— ist,  Mr.  Allan,  with  Violette 
Hdtive  ;  2d,  Mr.  Moorhouse,  who  had  Lord  Napier, 
beautifully  coloured. 

Dish  of  Cherries.— ist,  Mr.  Hopgood.  with  Black 
Tartarian,  in  excellent  condition  ;  2d,  Mr.  Waterman. 

Green-flesh  Melon.— ist.  Mr.  Moorhouse,  who  had  a 
handsome  fruit  of  Wilham  Tillery  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bishop,  gr. 
to  F.  Peake,  Esq.,  Croydon.  Scarlet-flesh  Melon.— 
With  this  also  Mr.  Moorhouse  had  ist,  showing  Blen- 
heim Orange. 

Strawberries.— ist,  Mr.  Braybon,  gr.  to  the  Countess 
Ashburnham.  Frant,  with  a  beautiful  dish  of  Sir  J.  Pax- 
ton  ;  2d,  Mr.  Staples,  with  the  same  variety. 


July  ii,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


57 


SHEPPERTON    HORTICULTURAL: 
July  2. 

This  Society  carae  into  existence  last  year,  when  an 
exhibition  confined  to  Roses  only  was  held,  which  was 
S3  successful  that  the  promoters  were  induced  to  launch 
out  further,  so  as  to  make  the  competition  representative 
of  gardening  in  its  various  branche?.  The  committee 
have  every  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  result,  as  the 
show  was  a  success  in  every  way.  The  exhibition  was 
held  at  Sunbury  Court,  Lieut. -Colonel  Harfield's  beauti- 
ful place  ;  the  well  kept  garden  and  grounds  of  which, 
adorned  with  grand  examples  of  trees  and  shrubs,  added 
no  little  to  the  general  attractions  of  the  show. 

The  leading  feature  was  the  group  of  plants  arranged 
for  effect,  which  alone  filled  a  tent,  two  or  three  of  the 
exhibitors  running  so  close  as  to  make  the  judging  diffi- 
cult. 1st  honours  were  won  by  Mr.  Sutton,  gr.  to  J.  S. 
Sassoon,  Esq  ,  who  for  flowering  plants  mostly  depended 
on  things  of  a  simple  character,  but  well  calculated  to 
give  the  requisite  colour,  which  was  placed  so  as  to  pro- 
duce an  elegant  effect.  In  a  bed  of  Adiantums  and 
Lycopodiums  he  had  Palms,  Lilies,  Campanulas,  &c, 
Mr,  West,  gr.  to  Major  Lendy,  was  2d,  likewise  having 
an  excellent  group,  but  slightly  deficient  in  the  larger 
green  foliage  plants.  Remarkable  in  this  exhibit  were 
two  or  tluee  plants  of  Cattleya  gigas  Sanderiana,  a  good 
form  of  Cattleya  Mendelii,  a  magnificent  variety  ot  the 
bright  yellow  Oncidium  Rogersii.  light  and  dark  varieties 
of  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  O.  crispum,  and  Utricu- 
laria  montana. 

Orchids 
in  sixes  were  also  very  well  shown  by  Mr.  West  and 
Messrs.  Jackson,  the  former  taking  a  decided  lead,  having 
a  fine  half-dozen  large  and  \\ell  bloomed,  including 
Cattleya  gigas  Sanderiana,  bearing  nineteen  flowers  on 
four  spikes  ;  C.  Mendelii,  a  good  variety  ;  Odontoglossum 
vexillarium,  Lselia  purpurata,  and  Dendrobium  thyrsi- 
fiorum  ;  Messrs.  Jackson,  who  were  2d,  had,  amongst 
others,  fine  plants  of  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Dendro- 
bium suavissimura,  and  Oncidmm  macranthum. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants 
were  nicely  shown  by  Mr.  Reeves,  gr.  to  W.  Hewett, 
Esq..  and  Mr.  Wakefield,  gr.  to  E.  Petlit,  Esq  ,  who 
were  istand  2d  in  the  order  of  their  names.  Mr.  Reeves' 
best  plants  were  Erica  Cavendishii,  Statice  profusa,  and 
Plumbago  capensis — Mr.  Wakefield's  most  meritorious 
being  Stephanotis  floribunda  and  Erica  venlricosa  alba. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 
With  six,  Mr.  Wakefield  had  ist,  his  collection  includ- 
ing Chamserops  excelsa,  Latania  borbonica,  and  Araii- 
caria  excelsa  ;    2d,    Mr.    Reeves,   who  also  had  a  nice 


staging  a  very  fine  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  West. 
Ferns. 

In  the  class  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse  varieties  Mr. 
Wakefield  was  to  the  fore,  his  best  plants  being  a  fine 
Platycerium  grande  and  Davallia  Mooreana  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Waite. 

Six  Adiantums. — These  were  very  well  shown,  Mr. 
Pratt,  gr.  to  Lieut. -Col.  Harfield,  being  ist  with  a  fine 
lot,  the  most  noteworthy  of  which  were  A.  farleyense, 
A.  macrophyllum,  and  A.  trapeziforme  ;  2d,  Mr.  Frankis, 
gr.  to  J.   W.  Wilson,  Esq.,  who  also  had  a  meritorious 


collection. 


Fuchsias. 


These  were  better  than  often  met  with  thus  early  in  the 
season. 

In  the  class  for  four  those  exhibited  by  Mr.  Plowman, 
gr.  to  C.  Lavers-Smith,  Esq. ,  were  shown  as  these  plants 
should  be,  full  of  flowers  and  healthy  foliage,  with  very 
little  training  except  a  support  to  the  main  stem.  The 
formal  chimney-pot  style  of  plant  that  meets  with  so 
much  favour  at  the  present  day  is  about  as  stiff  and 
unnatural  as  it  well  could  be.  2d,  Mr.  Reeves,  with 
nicely  done  pyramids. 

Gloxinias 
were  well  shown,  both  in  twelves  and  sixes.  With 
twelve  Mr.  Bowden,  gr.  to  E.  Barnett.  Esq.,  took  ist, 
having  a  beautiful  lot  of  erect  and  drooping  sorts  ;  zd, 
Mr.  West,  who  also  had  good  plants.  In  the  class  for 
SIX,  Mr.  Batl,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Cuthbert,  Esq.,  was  ist, 
with  remarkably  well-grown  plants  of  fine  varieties. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Of  these  there  was  an  imposing  display.  In  the  class 
for  twenty-four  distinct  varieties  Mr.  West  was  easily  ist, 
with  a  beautiful  lot,  composed  wholly  of  Orchids, 
amongst  which  may  be  mentioned  Cattleya  Schofieldii, 
C.  gigas  Smderiana,  C.  Regnelii  ;  Cypripedium  cauda- 
tum,  Vanda  tricolor,  and  Dendrobium  Dalhousieanum. 
Roses  were  forthcoming  in  plenty,  eight  or  ten  exhibitors 
putting  in  an  appearance  in  most  of  the  classes. 

With  twenty-four,  Mr.  Warwick,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Kitchin, 
Esq.,  took  the  lead,  having  a  very  fine  stand,  the  best 
blooms  being  Gt^neral  Jacqueminot,  Dr.  Andry,  Charles 
Lefebvre,  Madame  Lacharme,  La  France,  Etienne 
Levet,  and  Abel  Carri^re  ;  this  stand  contained  the  pre- 
mier Rose  bloom  in  the  show,  G(5n(^ral  Jacqueminot,  a 
grand  flower  ;  2d,  Mr.  Davis,  gr.  to  E.  Rutter,  Esq  , 
who  also  had  a  fine  stand. 

Twelve. — ist,  Mr.  Warwick,  whose  best  flowers  here 
were  Etienne  Levet,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas,  Fran9ois 
Michelon,  and  La  France  ;    2d,  Mr.Davis. 

Six  Roses.— ist,  Mr.  Goddard  ;  2d,  Mr.  Roper. 

Twelve    Tea    varieties. — 1st,    Mr.    West,    with    nice 


Fruit. 

Collections  were  nicely  shown,  Mr.  Sutton  being  ist 
for  six  dishes  of  Black  Hamburgh  and  Buckland  Sweet- 
water Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Strawberries,  and  a 
Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bowden.  Black  Grapes  were  present  in 
first-rate  condition,  Mr.  Osman,  gr.  to  L.  H.  Baker, 
Esq.,  taking  the  lead  with  Black  Hamburgh,  fine  bunches, 
berries  well  swelled  and  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bowden. 
White  Grapes  also  were  well  represented,  Mr.  Osman 
having  ist,  with  Buckland  Sweetwater,  fine  bunches  and 
berries,  nicely  coloured. 

Of  Peaches  half  a  dozen  good  dishes  were  staged.  Mr. 
Wakefield  being  ist  ;  Mr.  Burns,  gr.  to  H,  H.  Rigg, 
Esq.,  2d. 

Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Bowden,  with  a  good  dish  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Sutton.'  ^ 

Strawberries  were  forthcoming  in  quantity  and  mostly 
fine  condition.  Mr.  West  having  the  best  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  W.  P.  Talbot,  who  likewise  had 
fine  fruit. 

Mr.  Pratt  received  a  commendation  for  a  nicely 
arranged  group  of  plants. 

From  Messrs.  Jackson,  Kingston,  came  an  effective 
display  of  miscellaneous  flowering  and  fine-leaved  plants. 

Messrs.  Charles  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  contri- 
buted a  collection  of  Roses. 

Mr.  Bennett,  Shepperton,  exhibited  a  beautiful  lot  of 
Roses,  including  several  of  his  own  pedigree  seedlings, 
amongst  which  were  charming  boxes  of  Lady  Mary  Fitz- 
william  and  Her  Majesty.  With  these  were  twenty-four 
blooms  of  Mrs.  John  Laing,  a  recent  addition  to  Mr. 
Bennett's  seedlings.  This  is  a  grand  Rose,  whether 
looked  at  from  an  exlnbition  or  a  decorative  point  of 
view  ;  the  colour  is  a  beautiful  shade  of  pale  pink.  It  is 
a  full-sized,  deep  flower,  unexceptionable  in  form,  with 
plenty  of  stuff  in  it— one  of  those  Roses  that  can  be 
shown  big  enough  in  a  morning  without  being  too  far 
open  in  the  latter  part  of  a  hot  day.  By  not  a  few  the 
question  was  raised,  if  it  is  not  the  best  Rose  Mr.  Ben- 
nett has  yet  brought  out.  It  received  a  well  merited 
First-class  Certificate. 


bio 


Bouquets.— ist,  Miss  E.  Donnel  ;  2d,  Mr.  |.  Reeves, 


TEDDINGTON    HORTICULTURAL: 
July  1. 

The  exhibition,  which  was  held  on  the  above  date  in 
the  grounds  attached  to  Bushy  Lodge,  gave  evidence  of 
successful  cultivation  in  the  several  departments  of  plants, 
flowers,  and  fruits. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Flowering  Plants. 

With  six  Messrs.  Jackson,  Kingston,  took  ist,  with 
well  bloomed,  medium-sized  plants. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — ist,  Mr.  Sutton, 
gr.  to  J.  S.  Sassoon,  Esq. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 

With  six  Mr.  Sutton  had  ist  honours,  staging  a  nice  lot, 
the  best  of  which  were  Kentia  Baueri  and  Euterpa  edulis. 

Three  foliage  plants. — 1st,  Mr.  Higginson,  gr.  to 
Major-General  Vialls  ;  ^d,  Mr.  Hoare,  gr.  to  J.  W. 
Clarke,  Esq. 

Single  foliage  plant. — ist,  Mr.  Sutton,  with  Latania 
borbonica. 

Four  Caladiums. — ist,  Mr.  Harkett,  who  had  well 
done  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Staples. 

Miscellaneous. 

In  the  class  for  Ferns,  six  varieties,  the  ist  prize  went 
to  Mr.  Lambert,  gr.  to  W.  Truefitt.  Esq.,  for  a  nice 
collection  ;  2d,  Mr.  Coombes,  gr.  to  W.  Furze,  Esq. 

Three  Ferns. — 1st,  Mr.  Sutton,  whose  best  plant  was 
a  fine  specimen  of  Cyathca  dealbata. 

For  the  best  show  and  fancy  Pelargonium  varieties, 
six  plants,  Mr.  Wiggins,  gr.  to  W.  Clay,  Esq.,  had  ist, 
staging  very  good  examples  for  so  late  in  the  season,  the 
best  being  East  Lynne,  Princess  Teck,  Evelyn,  and 
Modesty. 

Gloxinias  were  very  well  shown,  Mr.  Coombes  having 
ist.  with  nine  beautiful  plants,  finely  flowered  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Sallows,  gr.  to  J.  J.  Flack,  Esq. 

Tuberous  Begonias  were  very  good,  Mr.  Sallows  tak- 
ing the  lead  in  the  class  for  six. 

Groups  of  Plants  Arranged  for  Effect 

were  remarkably  well  done,  especially  in  the  open 
competition,  the  Ferns  and  other  green-leaved  plants 
used  as  a  setting  for  the  taller  things  and  flowering  sub- 
jects to  give  colour,  being  employed  in  sufficient  ijuantity 
to  avoid  the  overdone  appearance  in  the  matter  of  colour 
that  is  too  often  an  objectionable  feature  in  competitions 
of  this  kind. 

In  the  open  class  there  was  a  very  close  run  between 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  of  Twickenham,  who  were  ist, 
and  Messrs,  Fromow  &  Sons,  of  Chiswick,  who  were  2d. 
In  the  corresponding  class  confined  to  gentlemen's  gar- 
deners, the  competing  groups  were  also  very  well  done, 
the  ist  prize  going  to  Mr.  Coombes,  and  Mr.  Buckland, 
gr.  to  J.  F.  Atkins.  Esq..  and  Mr.  Filsell,  gr.  to  T.  R. 
Greaves,  Esq.,  had  each  meritorious  groups. 

Fruit, 
collectively,  was  nicely  shown.  With  six  dishes.  Mr. 
Bates,  gr.  to  —  Meek,  Esq,,  had  ist,  staging  black  and 
white  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Strawberries,  and  a 
Queen  Pine  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sutton.  Black  Grapes  were  well 
shown  by  several  exhibitors.  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to  — 
Howard,  Esq.,  taking  the  lead,  while  Mr.  Bates  was  2d. 
The  class  for  white  Grapes  brought  out  the  best  finished 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  we  have  seen  this  year,  Mr. 
Coombes  being   ist ;  Mr.   Smith    who    was    2d,    had 


Fosters' Seedling  in  nice  condition.  Single  Pine.— ist, 
Mr.  Bates,  with  a  nice  Queen  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sutton,  who 
also  had  the  same  variety. 

Dish  of  Peaches. — ist.  Mr.  Lake,  with  Royal  George  ; 
2d.  Mr.  Sutton,  who  had  the  same  variety,  large,  beautiful 
Iruit,  but  not  ripe. 

Dibh  of  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Lake,  Violette  Halive, 
very  well  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sutton. 

Strawberries  generally  are  not  so  fine  this  year  as 
u=-ual,  not  having  ripened  kindly  in  most  places.  Mr, 
Higginson,  who  was  ist,  had  a  very  good  dish  of  James 
Veitch. 

Cut  Flowers. 

With  twenty-four  Roses,  Mr.  Warwick,  gr.  to  J.  P. 
Kiichin,  Esq.,  had  ist,  putting  up  a  good  stand  ;  2d. 
Mr.  Coombes,  who  also  had  a  meritorious  collection. 
Twelve  Roses. — ist,  Mr.  Bateman  ;  2d,  Mr.  Higginson. 
Twelve  bunches  of  Gloxinias  —ist,  Mr.  Warwick,  who 
had  splendid  flowers  of  fine  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Coombes. 
Stand  of  cut  flowers. — 1st,  Miss  F.  J.  Walker,  with  a 
beautiful  arrangement  ;  2d,  Mr.  Futcher. 

Dr.  Whitney's  special  prize  for  the  best  collection  of 
British  flowering  plants,  dried  and  mounted,  was  won 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  Hellier,  whose  exhibit  was  exceedingly 
well  done,  the  colours  of  both  flowers  and  leaves  being 
well  preserved. 

Messrs  Jackson,  Kingston,  exhibited,  not  for  com- 
petition, an  effective  group  of  flowering  and  other  plants. 
Messrs.  Veitch,  Charles  Lee  &  Son,  and  Mr.  Anderson 
contributed  cut  Roses. 


IPSWICH     AND    EAST    OF    ENGLAND. 


This  Society  held  its  summer  meeting  on  July  i,  in 
Chiistchurch  Park,  which  is  an  extensive  and  highly 
picturesq'ie  piece  of  ground,  it  being  well  broken  up  and 
diversified  by  hill  and  dale,  and  finely  timbered  with 
grand  old  trees. 

The  most  attractive  feature  of  the  exhibition  was  the 
Roses,  which  were  unusually  fine,  the  premier  prize  for 
the  best  forty-eight  distinct  trusses  going  to  the  cham- 
pion grower,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  of  Colchester,  and  Mr.  F. 
Cant,  of  the  same  place,  coming  in  2d. 

In  the  class  lor  amateurs  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Berners,  the 
Honorary  Secretary,  was  ist  for  thirty-six,  and  exhibited 
a  superb  lot  of  blooms. 

For  twenty-four  the  Rev.  P.ige  Roberts  came  in  ist, 
with  a  good  even  stand.  The  Rev.  H.  T.  Frere  was 
awarded  2d,  and  showed  a  fine  fresh-looking  loL 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  twelve  .the  Rev.  H.  A 
Berners  was  again  to  the  fore,  and  the  Rev.  Pagi 
Roberts  and  Mr.  T.  H.  Powell  were  placed  equal  2d. 

There  was  also  an  open  class  for  twelve,  and  in  thi 
Mr.  B.  K.  Cant  out-distanced  competition,  but  Mis; 
Penrice  showed  strong  and  took  2d. 

In  the  class  for  Teas  the  Rev.  A.  Foster  Melliar  was  a 
good  ist,  with  highly  finished  blooms.  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac  was  awarded  the  Silver  .Med^l  for  the  finest 
Rose  in  the  show.  The  Rev.  F.  Page  Roberts  came  in 
2d,  and  Mr.  T.  H.  Powell  3d. 

For  sixes  the  Rev.  Page  Roberts  was  ist,  and  Mr. 
T.  H.  Powell  2d. 

Next  to  the  Roses,  the  stands  of  herbaceous  and  other 
hardy  flowers  came  in  for  the  greatest  share  of  attention, 
but  the  prizes  for  these  were  very  disproportionate,  for 
while  £2  was  offered  for  the  best  twelve  Roses,  the  ist 
prize  for  twelve  herbaceous  cut  flowers  was  ys.  6d.,  and 
jof.  for  twenty-four,  in  which  latter  class  Messrs.  Gilbert 
took  the  lead,  with  a  very  fine  lot  ;  and  Mr.  j.  Shep- 
pard,  of  Woolverstone,  was  ist  in  the  twelves,  and 
occupied  the  same  place  again  in  the  sixes. 

For  the  best  six  stove  and  greenhouse  cut  flowers,  Mr. 
Mundey,  gr.  to  R.  C.  Ransome,  Esq.,  was  ist ;  and  the 
Messrs.  Gilbert,  of  St.  Margaret's  Nursery,  Ipswich,  2d. 

In  the  table  decorations  and  bouquets  great  taste  was 
displayed,  the  Messrs.  Gilbert  taking  ist  for  their  stand 
in  the  open  class  ;  and  in  that  for  lady  amateurs  the 
premier  position  fell  to  Miss  Bruff. 

In  the  plant  department  a  great  falling  off  was 
noticeable,  some  of  the  older  and  principal  exhibitors 
having  partly  withdrawn. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse, 'the  Messrs.  Gilbert  took 
the  lead  ;  and  Mr.  Mundey  came  in  2d. 

In  the  class  for  the  six  best  ornamental  foliaged 
plants,  the  Messrs.  Gilbert  were  again  1st  ;  and  Mr.  W. 
Sheppard,  gr.  to  G.  Packard,  Esq.,  of  Berkficld,  2d. 

For  four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  Mr.  Mundey 
was  isl,  and  Mr.  W.  Sheppard  2d  ;  the  same  positions 
being  occupied  for  four  ornamental. 

What  constituted  a  most  useful  class,  and  one  de- 
serving of  more  encouragement  at  shows,  was  that  for 
the  best  group  of  plants  arranged  in  a  space  of  12  feet  by 
5.  in  which  Mr.  Mundey  was  a  good  ist,  with  a  very 
nice,  well-grown  lot  of  clean,  healthy  stuff;  and  Mr. 
Chenery,  gr.  to  H.  Booth,  Esq.,  2d,  with  a  most  useful 
collection. 

For  the  best  specimen  in  bloom,  Mr.  W.  Sheppard 
was  ist  ;  and  Mr.  Mundey  took  ist  for  the  best  Orchid, 
with  a  large  and  superbly  flowered  Dendrobium  nobile, 
in  which  class  Mr.  W.  Sheppard  came  2d. 

For  the  best  specimen  foliaged  plant.  Mr.  Mundey  was 
again  ist ;  and  the  same  for  six  exotic  Ferns. 

Mr.  Mundey  was  also  to  the  fore  in  the  class  for  six 
tuberous-rooted  Begonias,  and  again  for  six  Gloxinias, 
his  plants  of  these  being  remarkably  fine. 

In  the  fruit  tent,  for  the  collection  of  eight  dishes,  the 
contest  laid  between  Mr.  W.  Allan,  gr.  to  Lord  Suffield. 
of  Gunton  Park,  and  Mr.  J.  Sheppard,  gr.  to  J.  Berners, 
Esq.,  of  Woolverstone,  the  prizes  being  awarded  in  the 
order  named. 

Mr.  AUm  was  also  ist  for  the  best  three  bunches  of 
black  Grapes,  and  the  same  for  three  of  white  ;  the  2d 
in  the  first-named  class  going  to  Mr.  Chenery. 


58 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July,  ii,  i8 


For  six  Peaches,  Mr.  Allan  was  ist,  with  some  fine  well 
coloured  fruil— the  prize  for  the  best  six  Nectarines 
faUing  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  W.  Sheppard,  who  had  a  fine 
half-dozen  of  Lord  N'apier. 

Cherries  were  fine,  Mr.  [.  Sheppard  showing  good 
dishes  of  Tartarian  and  Frogmore  Bigarreau. 

Outdoor  fruits  were  conspicuous  by  their  absence,  the 
season  being  so  late  that  none,  except  Cherries,  had 
ripened. 

The  vegetables  were  remarkably  fine,  Mr.  Cresswell, 
gr.  at  Stoke  Park,  taking  the  coveted  reward  for  the  best 
collection  of  twelve  sorts  ;  and  Mr.  Blair  2d. 


BRAINTREE  AND  BOCKING  HORTI- 
CULTURAL. 

The  annual  summer  show  of  this  Society  was  held  on 
July  2,  in  the  grounds  belonging  to  Sydney  Courtauld, 
Esq.  The  day  was  a  delightfully  fine  one,  and  as  the 
two  preceding  shows  had  unfortunately  fallen  on  pouring 
wet  days,  the  large  company  which  assembled  this  year 
was  all  the  more  in  the  mmd  to  enjoy  the  weather,  the 
numerous  fine  exhibits,  and  the  good  music,  which  a 
large  and  well  trained  band  discoursed.  Four  large 
tents  were  provided  for  the  different  classes,  one  being 
allotted  to  the  foliage  and  flowering  plants,  and  another 
to  the  cut  flowers  and  table  decorations  and  fruit,  a  third 
to  the  cottagers'  classes,  and  a  fourth  to  the  vegetables. 
Among  the  extraordinary  plants  may  be  noted  a  grand 
Cycas  revoluta  (not  (or  competition),  some  10  or  12  feet 
across,  and  coming  to  fruit,  from  George  Courtauld, 
Esq.,  M. P.  ;  Cycas  media,  Cocos  Weddelliana  in 
the  group  from  Sydney  Courtauld,  Esq..  the  generally 
fine  exhibits  of  Mr.  Dance,  gr.  to  Colonel  Lowe,  who  took 
ist  for  foliage  plants,  and  a  magnificent  Cyathea  Burkei  in 
Miss  Cawston's  collection.  Mr.  F.  Smoothly  had  some 
grand  Coleus  and  good  Gloxinias,  Messrs.  Saltmarsh  good 
Roses  and  Tuberous  Begonias.  The  prize  twenty-four 
cut  Roses,  of  Mr.  W.  Brown,  of  Braintree,  were  superb. 
The  Braintree  show  is  becoming  noted  for  table  decor- 
ations, and  some  of  those  set  up  on  Thursday  were  of 
first  merit,  notably  that  of  Mr.  W.  Sodor  (:st  prize, 
open)  and  of  Miss  Tuffnell.  Both  from  a  business  and 
a  pleasure  point  of  view  the  show  was  a  great  success, 
and  reflected  great  credit  on  all  concerned,  and  parti- 
cularly on  Mr.  H.  Gibbs,  the  secretary,  and  the  com- 
mittee, who  must  have  worked  hard  to  arrange  so  many 
exhibits  in  such  a  short  space  of  time.  (A  Corrafondrnt.) 


MASSACHUSETTS    HORTICULTURAL: 
Boston,  June  6. 

This  was  prize  day  or  Rhododendrons  and  hardy 
Azaleas,  but  on  account  of  the  lateness  of  the  season  the 
competition  was  not  very  close.  Mrs.  F.  B.  Hayes  was 
the  only  person  to  compete, and  took  the  1st  prize  for  the 
best  twenty-four,  twelve,  six,  three,  and  a  single  tender 
Rhododendron,  and  also  the  ist  prize  for  the  best  six 
hardy  kinds.  Among  the  tender  kinds  we  noticed  John 
Walter,  VV.  E.  Gladstone,  Lady  Grenville,  Baron  Shro- 
der.  Lady  Rolle,  Auguste  van  Geert  (eannie  Deans,  Lady 
Dorothy,  and  Mrs.  Thom.is  Longman. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Hunnewell  filled  a  large  stand  with  Azaleas 
and  Rhododendrons  ;  Mr.  B.  G.  Smith  took  the  2d  prize 
for  a  cluster  of  hardy  Azaleas,  Baron  Geo.  Pike. 

Mr.  R.  T.  yackson  exhibited  a  splendid  httle  alpine 
plant,  Erinus  alpinus,  which  has  probably  never  bloomed 
before  in  this  counliy. 

Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards,  West  Medford,  exhibited  forty- 
eight  species  and  two  vars.  of  wild  flowers,  receiving 
the  ist  prize. 

Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder  exhibited  a  collection  of  Tree 
Paeonies.  J.  W.  Woodford  displayed  Clematis  in 
varieties,  and  from  many  other  contributors  came  her- 
baceous plants,  hardy  flowering  trees,  cut  flowers,  and 
wild  flowers. 

The  Secretary  read  a  letter  from  the  General  Union 
for  the  Promotion  of  the  Cultivation  of  Bulbs  at  Haarlem , 
proposing  to  offer  a  Gold  Medal,  a  Silver-gilt  Medal, 
and  a  Silver  Medal  for  the  best,  2d  best,  and  3d  best 
Hyacinths  in  pots  at  the  next  spring  exhibition  of  the 
Society.  The  Society  appointed  a  delegation  to  attend 
the  next  meeting  of  the  American  Pomological  Society, 
to  be  held  in  the  State  of  Michigan  in  September  next. 

Boston  :  June  13. — The  Rhododendrons  from  Mrs. 
F.  B.  Hayes  were  very  fine,  and  shown  in  large 
numbers,  nearly  filling  a  large  table.  Mrs.  Hayes 
also  exhibited  a  large  collection  of  Azaleas  and  Irises. 
H.  H.  Hunnewell  filled  another  large  table  with  Rhodo- 
dendrons and  Azaleas.  E.  Sheppard  showed  Rhododen- 
drons, Azaleas,  Delphiniums,  and  Irises.  J.  H.  Wood- 
ford again  made  a  good  display  of  Clematises  and  two 
vases  of  Lamarque  Roses.  \V.  C.  Strong,  Brigtiton, 
showed  the  new  white  Weigela  Candida,  which  proves 
to  be  hardy  in  this  country.  From  Miss  S.  W.  Story 
came  a  collection  of  named  herbaceous  plants.  Mrs. 
P.  D.  Richards  exhibited  a  large  collection  of  wild 
flowers. 


Bricks  of  Cork. — The  waste  cuttings  ot  cork 
are  now  being  employed  for  making  bricks,  which  can 
be  used  for  wall?,  impervious  alike  to  heat  or  damp. 
The  cork  cuttings  are  reduced  to  powder  in  a  mortar, 
and  mixed  with  lime  or  clay,  and  from  this  composi- 
tion the  bricks  are  made  in  the  usual  way.  When 
dried,  they  are  capable  of  resisting  a  crushing  strain 
of  3  6  kilogrammes  per  square  centimetre  (51.0S  lb. 
per  square  inch).  They  are  very  light,  having  a  specific 
gravity  of  0.35.  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts. 


FLOWER    MAKING. 

Certainly  not  artificial  flowers,  for  these,  won- 
drous as  they  are,  and  singularly  like  to  real  as  many 
may  be,  yet  do  not  come  within  the  scope  of  garden 
woik,  and  are  not  referred  to  in  the  present  instance. 
The  flower-making  under  immediate  notice  is  that  of 
real  flowers,  such  as  are  in  request  in  vast  quantities 
in   the    flower   market,  and   always   command  good 
sale.     The  term  flower  "  making  "  may  be  objection- 
able in  some  respects,  because  it  seems  to  convey  an 
impression  of  manufacture  rather  than  of  actual  culti- 
vation.    To  those  engaged  in   market  flower  produc- 
tion on  a  large  scale  the  distinction  seems  to  lie  less 
in  terms  than   in  method.      A  visit   to    the  market 
establishment  of  Messrs.  Hawkins  &  Bennett,  Twick- 
enham, is  always  of  interest,  but  specially  so  at  this 
season  of  the  year,  for  a   very   pleasing  specialty  of 
this   firm    is   found    in    Lily  of  the  Valley.      Their 
splendid   Victoria  strain  is   admittedly  the  finest  in 
cultivation,  and  of  them  they  have  immense  quantities, 
all  planted  in  beds  8  feet  in  width,  and  so  arranged 
that  lights  used   to  protect   the  earlier  beds  may  be 
shifted  from  one  set  of  beds  to  later  ones,  and  so  on, 
so  that   the  season  of  bloom  is  as  prolonged  as  pos- 
sible.    How  many  hundred   yard  lengths  of  beds  of 
this  width  are  grown  we  cannot  say,  but  on  the  evening 
of  our  recent   visit  we  learned  that  several  hundred 
dozens  of  blooms  had   been   that    day  gathered   (or 
market.      These    are     assorted    and    bunched    with 
exceeding  care,  as  prices  vary  according  to  quality. 
To   those   unaccustomed   to   the  work    the   perfume 
found    in    the   lying    shed    is    as    overpowering,    as 
it  is  in  a  lesser  degree  most  delicious.     Beds  stand 
several  years  just  as  they  may  produce  good  spikes  of 
bloom  or  otherwise.     As  soon  as  these  show  lack  of 
quality  the  roots  are  in  the  following  autumn  lifted, 
the  crowns  assorted  or  sized,  and,  the  old  soil  in  the 
beds  being  removed,  fresh  is  introduced   with  ample 
dressings  of   manure,   and    the    roots  are   replanted. 
The    beds    are    not    as    a    rule    considered    worth 
protection    until    the    third    year,    when    they    are 
strong,  and  if  doing  well  they  will  continue  to  produce 
a  fine  crop  of  flowers  for  several   seasons.     The  Vic- 
toria Lily  of  the  Valley  is  a  fine  strain,   but   it  owes 
some  of  its  superior  character  also  to  the  high-class 
cultivation  bestowed  upon  it  at  Twickenham.     But 
whilst  these  hardy  flowers  are  occasional  specialties 
here,  the  backbone  of  flower-making  is  found  in  white, 
scarlet,    and    pink    Pelargoniums,    of    which    many 
thousands  in  4S  sized  pots  are  grown.     It   is  always 
difficult  to  ascertain  the  exact  numbers  of  plants  found 
in  any  of  these  large  market   establishments,  espe- 
cially as  we  do  not  care  always  to  submit  a  direct 
query.     Perhaps  it  would  be  fair,  however,  to  say  that 
if  every  Pelargonium  in  pots  in  this  establishment 
were  stood  close  together  an  acre  of  ground  would 
not    hold   them.       How   many   4S-sized  pots  would 
stand  on  such  an  area  we  leave  youthful  arithmeticians 
to  settle.     Pelargoniums- here  are  never  out  of  bloom. 
No  matter  at  what  season  of  the  year  visitors  may 
drop  in  upon  Messrs.  Hawkins  &  Bennett  ;  even  if  it 
be  the  foggiest,  dullest  day  of  mid-winter,  they  will 
still  see  what  for  the  time  of  the  year  may  well  be 
termed  a  blaze  of  colour.     Those  who  have  seen  Mr. 
Cannell's   winter  displays  of  bedding   Pelargoniums 
will  not  doubt  this  statement.     What  is  seen  in  mid- 
winter is,  however,  not  quite  so  brilliant  a  display  as 
may  be  seen  in  the  many  long  broad  houses  here 
now  ;  and  this  brilliant  show  is  all  the  mote  remark- 
able when  it  is  remembered  that  the  flowers  are  being 
gathered   in  quantity  from  day  to  day.     Vesuvius  is 
still  the  most  largely  grown  of  single  scarlets,   and 
wondrously   florilerous  it   is.     A  house   full  of  this, 
20  feet  wide  and   200  feet  long,  is,  indeed,  an  un- 
wonted sight,  all  the  plants  being  in  blooming  pots, 
making  good    growth,   and  not  in  the  bedding  60, 
as  may  be  imagined.      The   firm  grow  no  bedding 
stuff— indeed,  they  send  no  plants  to  market  early, 
but  later,  when  furnishing  makes  demand  for  colour, 
some  thousands  will  go,  because  plenty  of  others  will 
be  prepared  to  take  their  places.     But   if  rather  less 
free  than  is  Vesuvius,  certainly  very  much  finer  is  that 
grand  scarlet,  De  Lesseps.     So  perfect,  so  fine,  and 
richly    coloured    is    this    kind,    as    bloomed    here, 
that    it    would     seem     as     if     improvement    upon 
it    were    impossible.      Perhaps    something    is    due 
to  cultivation,  but  certainly  De  Lesseps  at  Twick- 
enham is  a  grand  variety  ;  as  one  truss  is  of  more  value 
in  the  market  than  three  of  Vesuvius,  no  wonder  it 
is  highly  thought  of  here. 

Naturally  those  who  work  in  market  flower  making. 


must  prcceed  slowly  in  the  use  of  new  materials 
lest  they  commit  a  serious  trade  error.  Hence 
Vesuvius  has  held  ils  own  for  a  long  time,  be- 
cause it  is  so  certain  and  so  amenable  to  culti- 
vation. Other  kinds  must  be  well  tried  before  they 
can  displace  it,  and  thus  change  in  material  proceeds 
slowly.  A  very  fine  scarlet,  too,  is  Commander-in- 
Chief,  but  it  pales  its  fiiei  materially  in  presence  of 
De  Lesseps,  whilst  Master  Christine  seems  to  be  the 
most  largely  grown  of  single  pinks.  The  sway  held  by 
old  Madame  Vaucher  so  long  as  a  market  white  has 
at  length  been  quite  broken,  indeed  a  real  queen  has 
been  found  in  one  of  the  most  perfect  of  white  kinds 
we  have  ever  seen,  and  named  fitly  <^>ueen  of  Whites. 
This  is  one  of  that  market  veteran,  Mr.  Ladds'  raising, 
and  should  be  in  universal  demand.  Not  only  has 
the  plant  a  sturdy  compact  habit,  but  it  is  wondrously 
free  and  its  flowers  are  borne  in  good  sized  trusses, 
the  pips  being  not  only  stout  and  of  the  fullest  and 
most  perfect  form,  but  is  a  pure  standing  white.  An- 
other extremely  striking  white  is  Niphetos,  perhaps 
the  purest  white  ever  seen  ;  the  plants  are  robust 
growers,  and  the  trusses,  borne  on  tall  stout  stems,  are 
large,  but  the  flowers  partake  somewhat  of  the  Hybrid 
Nosegay  habit,  and  lack  form.  It  is  greatly  to  its 
credit  that  it  never  pinks  or  discolours,  and  for  that 
reason  is  most  valuable  for  its  particular  use  here, 
especially  in  the  winter.  Arethusa  is  also  largely 
grown  as  a  while  kind.  All  singles  are  gathered  as 
trusses,  and  before  going  to  market  pass  through  the 
hands  of  experts,  who  place  a  drop  of  liquid  gum  into 
each  flower,  thus  making  the  petals  adhesive  and  en- 
during. Doubles,  on  the  other  hand,  ate  chiefly 
gathered  singly,  the  pips,  when  fully  expanded,  being 
placed  in  small  tissue-paper  bags  in  dozens  or  scores, 
and  dropped  into  trays.  To  all  ordinary  observers 
these  bags  might  be  supposed  to  hold  sweets  or 
cakes,  but  their  contents,  though  sweet  and  very 
beautiful,  barely  came  under  the  appellation  of  sweets. 
The  finest  double  here  is  the  deep  scarlet  E.  V.  Ras- 
pail,  which  produces  very  fine  pips.  King  of  Doubles, 
colour  orange-scarlet,  is  also  a  very  striking  kind  ; 
and  Madame  Thibaut  is  largely  grown,  its  purplish- 
pink  flowers  standing  out  in  bulk  with  fine  etTect.  The 
double  Ivy-leaved  section  of  Pelargoniums  is  also 
well  represented,  such  fine  forms  as  Madame  and 
Albert  Crousse,  Jean  d'Arc,  and  Gloire  d'Orleans, 
being  largely  grown.  There  are  several  others  in  the 
various  sections  than  those  named,  and  also  a  quan- 
tity of  seedling  large-flowered  Pelargoniums,  all 
blooming  freely,  and  giving  a  wondrous  display  of 
colour. 

A  great  specialty  with  the  firm  is  found  in  Maidenhair 
Fern,  the  chief  kind  grown,  because  of  its  admirable 
habit  and  usefulness,  being  the  common  Adiantum 
cuneatum.  This  is  seen  in  thousands  of  big  plants, 
chiefly  in  large  24's,  and  some  few  specimens  in  large 
pots  from  4  feet  to  5  feet  through,  the  which  it  is  pur- 
posed to  show  shortly  at  South  Kensington.  All 
these  Ferns  are  grown  for  the  production  of  fronds, 
which  are  pulled  and  bunched,  going  to  market  in 
boxes  with  the  flowers.  To  maintain  the  supply  of 
fronds  required,  it  is  needful  to  have  a  big  stock  of 
plants,  and  these  obtain  the  best  cultivation.  In  the 
production  of  large  specimens,  a  few  of  which  are 
always  on  hand,  seedling  planis  are  preferred  to 
divided  ones,  as  in  the  former  the  fronds  come  up  in 
a  duster,  and  do  not  run  out.  The  firm  have  a 
Maidenhair,  which,  whilst  possessing  all  the  admirable 
qualities  of  cuneatum,  is  quite  intermediate  between 
that  and  the  somewhat  fragile  gracillimum.  How  far 
it  may  be  distinct  from  other  kinds  opportunity  will 
doubtless  presently  offer  for  determination.  The 
entire  establishment  is  kept  in  good  order,  and  whilst 
every  yard  of  ground  is  fully  utilised,  yet  all  is  as  tidy 
as  in  a  private  garden.  A.  D. 


Gigantic  Trees.  —  At  Darlington  Hall  (the 
seat  of  A.  Champernowne,  Esq.),  near  Totnes, 
opposite  to  and  within  sight  from  the  front  of  the 
mansion,  are  seven  Spanish  or  Sweet  Chestnut  trees- 
great  monsters. 

No.  I  has  .-I  trunk  i.i  feetO  inches  in  circumrcrencc. 


The  ground  covered  by  these  noble  specimens  is 
about  23  yards  x  60  yards,  and  they  are  from  60  to 
70  feet  in  height. 


July  ii,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


59 


STATS  Oy  7ffB  WEATHER  A7  BLACA'HEATH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  July  8,  1885. 


Hygrome- 
trical    De- 

Glaisher's 
Tables  6th 
Edition. 

Q 

Barometer. 

Temperature  or 

THE  AIR. 

Wind. 

< 

1 
1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 

1' 

5 

1 

Range- 
Mean  for 
Day. 
Departure  of  Mean 
from  Average  ol 
SO  years. 

ill! 

II 
^1 

1 

July 

I.    \    I„. 

.  1  . 

• 

„ 

In- 

a 

3roo  +0.18 

77.048.0  29.o'6l.3 

+  -46.8 

58 

E.       0  00 

3 

19-W  +0.17 

79.3SS.5>3.8  6s  8 

-1-  4-6^54-2 

67 

E.       0.00 

4 

30.03  +0.21 

77-5  53  8  33.7  6S.3 

+  4o!si-9 

61 

E.         0.03 

5 

3004  +0.3383057.222.865.9 

+  5.4  54-3 

64  f 

W.NW: 

N.W-    °°° 

6 

30.01  |+o.2i|S3  556  5  37.0|68  3 

+  6,7Jso.6 

S3 

S.W.     0.00 

7 

30.00 

+0.19 

74-SS4-5 

30.0 

63.7 

■H09 

54-5 

75 

S.W.    0.00 

8 

29.93 

+O.II 

72.055.5 

■ss 

61.3 

—  0.7 

55. 

76 

S.W.    0  02 

1 

Meui 

3a  00 

+0.19 

77.7;S..6 

23-> 

64.S 

+  30 

53-5 

a5 

S.W.      003 

July  2- — Very  fine  morning,  dull  aftemoon- 

—  3. -Fine  day.  dull. 

—  4- — Fine  dull  day- 

—  5. — Dull  morning,  fine  bright  afternoon- 

—  6- — Very  fine  day- 

—  7- — Very  fine  day. 

—  8- — Fine  day,  slight  shower  of  rain  at  1.30  i 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
f  esk  ending  July  4,  the  reading  of  the  barometet  at 
Ihe  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.24  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29-94  inches  by 
S  P.M.  on  the  29th,  increased  to  30.01  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  June  30,  decreased  to  30  inches  by  I 
P.M.  on  the  same  day,  increased  to  30.17  inches  by 
9;a.m.,  decreased  to  30-13  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
July  I,  increased  to  30.22  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the 
2d,  decreased  to  30.11  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  3d, 
and  was  30.20  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
was  30.10  inches,  being  o.oi  inch  higher  than  last 
week,  and  o.  1 1  inch  above  the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  79°.  3,  on  the  3d  ;  on  July  i 
the  highest  was  68°.  5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  73°.4. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47°.  5,  on  June  28  ; 
on  the  3d  the  lowest  temperature  was  55^. 5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  51^.4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
24°. 6,  on  June  28  ;  the  least  range  was  16°. 7  on  the 
29th.     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  22\ 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  2Sth,  57°.  2  ; 
on  the  29th,  57°.5  ;  on  the  30th,  59°  ;  on  July  1st, 
57°.7  ;  on  the  2d,  61.3  ;  on  the  3d,  65°.S  ;  and  on 
the  4th,  65°.  3  ;  of  these  the  first  four  were  below  their 
averages  by  4°.  I,  3". 8,  2°. 2,  and  3°. 5  respectively,  and 
the  last  three  were  above  by  0.2,  4°.6,  and  4°,  re- 
spectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  60^.5, 
being  3°.  6  higher  than  last  week,  and  0°.  7  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  157°,  on  June  28.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  126". 4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  37'.  i,  on  the  28th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  41°. 8. 

Rain. — No  rain  fell  during  the  week, 

England  :  Temperatttre. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  4,  the  highest  at  Cambridge  was  80^.5,  at 
Blackheath  79°.3,  at  Plymouth  75°.3  ;  the  highest  at 
Bradford  was  69°.!,  at  Liverpool  70^.3,  at  Preston 
7I°.5.     The  general  mean  was  44°. i. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  39°  at  Cambridge, 
40°  at  Truro,  40°.  5  at  Bolton  ;  the  lowest  at  Liver- 
pool was  49°.  5,  at  Brighton  48',  at  Blackheath  47"- 5. 
The  general  mean  was  44°. I. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  i,\' ■%  at  Cambridge, 
32°. 9  at  Wolverhampton,  32°  at  Truro  and  .Sunder- 
land ;  the  smallest  ranges  were  20^8  at  Liverpool, 
23^1  at  Bradford,  24°.  5  at  Preston.  The  general 
mean  was  22°.  5. 


The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath  and  Cambridge,  73°'4>  *' 
Leeds  69^.5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Liverpool,  64°.  3,  at 
Sunderland  65°.4,  at  Hull  65°.9.  The  general  mean 
was  68°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Preston,  53°.  3,  at  Liverpool  53°.  2,  at 
Leeds  5i°.7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Truro,  4S°-4i  at 
Wolverhampton  47°.6,  at  Cambridge  and  Hull  47°.7. 
The  general  mean  was  49°.  7. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
25°-7,  at  Truro  23°.2,  at  Blackheath  22°,  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  11°. I,  at  Prestan  I4°-7.  at 
Sunderland  i6°.3.     The  general  mean  was  i8°.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
6o°.5,  at  Preston  58°.8,  at  Leeds  58°.7  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Hull,  54°- 9,  at  Truro  55°. I,  at  Sunderland 
55°. 3.     The  general  mean  was  57°.  I. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.07  inch  at  Wolver- 
hampton ;  and  the  smallest  fall  was  o.oi  inch  at 
Sunderland.  No  rain  (ell  at  Truro,  Plymouth, 
Brighton,  Bristol,  Blackheath,  Nottingham,  Sheffield, 
Liverpool,  Bolton,  Hull,  Bradford,  Leeds,  or  Pres- 
ton,    The  general  mean  was  0.01  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  4,  the  highest  temperature  was  79°.  8,  at 
Paisley ;  at  Leith  the  highest  was  7I°.S.  The  general 
mean  was  75°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  41°,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  45°.  i. 
The  general  mean  was  43°.  4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Dundee, 
59°. 6 ;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow,  57°.3.  The  general 
mean  was  58°.4- 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.59  inch,  at  Aberdeen, 
and  0.06  inch  at  Greenock,  The  general  mean  fall 
was  0.21  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Poplar  Gall  :  T.  P.  W.  This  is  the  production  of 
an  aphis  allied  to  the  greenfly  of  the  Rose.  Sweep  up 
the  leaves,  and  burn  them. 


Diseased  Pear  Leaves  :  -S-  .S.  The  Pear  leaves  are 
infested  with  Phytoptus  Pyri.  Vou  can  only  cut  off 
affected  foliage  and  burn  it. 

Grapes  Diseased  :  C.  J.  Whcckr,  Houghton.  As  the 
examples  forwarded  are  infested  with  the  common 
Grape  mildew,  it  is  only  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the 
injury  is  due  to  this  parasite-  In  bad  cases  like  yours 
the  fungus  inserts  a  large  number  of  microscopically 
small  suckers  into  the  skin  of  the  fruit,  and  the  minute 
orifices  thus  formed  are  the  beginning  of  the  soft  de- 
cayed spots.  On  to  these  spots  often  fungi  speedily 
affi.\  themselves,  as  in  your  cise.  and  destruction  of 
the  fruit  is  soon  complete.  We  think  good  ventilation, 
and  the  other  precautions  usually  taken  against  mil- 
dew, would  prevent  a  recurrence  of  the  decay. 
W.  G.  S. 

Hull  Show  :  W.  Green.  November  19,  two  days. 
Mr.  MacMahon,  Botanic  Garden. 

Names  of  Plants  :  C.  M.  O.  Allium  neapolitanum  ; 
Aconitum  lycoctonum.  The  other  specimens  were 
unfortunately  dried  up  beyond  recognition.  —  IV.  S. 
I,  Spiriea  arirefolia  ;  2,  next  week  ;  3,  Sedum  spurium 
var.  album ;  4,  Sidalcea  malviflora.  —  H.  H.  W., 
Brighton.  I,  Erigeron  speciosus  ;  2,  E.  glabellus  ;  3, 
one  of  the  numerous  forms  of  Veronica  spicata ;  4, 


Ornithogalum  narbonense  ?  5,  Lobelia  erinus  ;  6,  pro- 
b,ibly  Helichrysum  staschas.  but  not  sufficiently  ad- 
vanced. —  A.  C.  r,  Thuia  giganlea  ;  2.  T.  occi- 
dentalis?:  3.  Libocedrus  decurrens  ;  4.  Abies  cepha- 
lonica?  5.  Cunninghamia  sinensis. — -■/  Reader,  McC. 
I,  Polystichum  angulare  proliferum  ;  2,  P.  aculeatum  ; 
3,  Lastrea  Filix-mas  cristata  ;  4,  L.  dilatata  ;  5, 
Scolopendrium  vulgare  ;  6,  l.astrea  spinulosa. — Notts. 
I.  PotentiUa  tormentiUa ;  2,  Lycopsis  arvensis  ;  3, 
Galium  Cruciata  ;  4,  Fumaria  officinalis  ;  5,  Centaurea 
nigra  ;  6,  Lychnis  dioica. — P.  J.  r.  perhaps  Hiera- 
cium  umbellatum,  but  specimen  insufficient,  and  con- 
verted into  ensilage  before  it  reached  us  ;  2,  Melica 
uniflora  ;  3,  Scleranthus  annuus  ;  4,  Poa  rigida  ;  5, 
Lysiniachia  ncmorum  ;  6,  Rromus  sterilis. — E.  F. 
Trifolium  pralense. — Burr  b'  Sons.  I,  Bromus  com- 
mutatus  :  2  and  6,  .\grostis  nebulosa  ;  3,  Briza  media, 
stained  ;  4,  .\nthoxanthum  ovatum  ;  5.  Bromus  ma- 
crostachys  ;  7,  Bromus  brizaeformis  ;  8.  Polypogon 
monspeliensis  ;  9.  Festuca  heterophylla  (?),  no  leaves. 
— Alpha.  I.  Lathyrus  pratensis  :  2,  Lotus  cornicu- 
latus  major  ;  3,  Trifolium  procumbens  ;  4,  Lotus  cor- 
niculatus  ;  5.  Hieracium  pilosella  ;  6,  Chasrophyllum 
sylvestre. —  Young  Gardener.  Epidendrum  selligerum. 
~Q.  F.  We  cannot  name  plants  from  incomplete 
specimens. 

Peach  Leaves  :  R.  M.  The  holes  in  your  Peach 
leaves  are  caused  by  the  rays  ol  the  sun  shining  on 
drops  of  water,  and  turning  them  into  burning-glasses. 
Probably  some  of  your  panes  of  glass  are  of  bad 
quality. 

Poplar  :  C.  M.  The  female  calkins  of  the  Poplar, 
with  the  silky  seeds. 

Tubers  on  Haulms  :  R.  P.  It  is  clear  you  do  not 
read  your  Gardeners  Chronicle  very  attentively,  or  you 
woultl  know  that  the  occurrence  is  not  uncommon.  It 
is  said  that  the  c.^use  is  some  injury  to  the  plant,  which 
is  very  likely.  They  are  adventitious  buds,  as  you 
Suppose,  and  they  would  develope.  if  planted  like  other 
sets,  into  edible  tubers. 

Tulips  :  G.  P.  The  formation  of  bulbs  in  the  axil  of 
the  stem-leaves  is  uncommon,  but  occurs  occasionally. 

WiREWORM  :  A.  Curtis.  Slight  dressings  of  agricul- 
tural salt  strewn  between  the  crop  in  showery  weather. 
Give  enough  to  be  just  visible  as  a  thin  coating. 

Yew  Diseased  :  C.  M.  O.  The  black  spots  on  the 
Yew  leaves  are  caused  by  a  fungus  named  Sphsropsis 
taxi,  and  quite  different  from  the  Spha:rella  taxi, 
recently  described  and  illustrated  in  the  Gardeners* 
Chronicle.  The  Sphaeropsis  is  not.  we  think,  capable 
of  causing  serious  injury  to  Yews.  Your  Yew  appears 
to  be  infested  with  an  unicellular  alga  and  lichens. 
We  should  say  it  is  in  a  bad  situation  for  growth. 
W.  G.  S. 


Communications  Received:-;.  H.  (next  week).— S.  &  M. 
— W.  W.— J.  GarLand  (too  late).-!.  Veitch  &  Sons. -Mr. 
Gilbert— A.  D.  (next  week).— N.  E.  B.— Daniels  Brothers 
(shortly). -W-  N. -J.  R.  R.-A-  M.-J.  D  — H-  E.— 
I.  M.  Cameron.  —  H-  W.  —  Lambert  &  Re.ter.— D.  M. 
Mackay.— P-  Barr.— R.  D.— M-  A.  L,— W.  O.  H.^Miss 
Hunt.- A.  van  Geert.-J.  L.  M..  Guernsey. -E  P.,  Ghent. 
-C.  V.  M.— I-  M.— H.  B.— C.  K  ,  Pardublitz,  Bohemia.— 
E.  V.  B-M.  M.,  Tasmania— C.  D.,  Boston,  U-S.-E  T., 
Northampton.— R-  H.  B.,  Turin. 


inquiries. 

"  He  that  qiiesticneth  much  sluill  lean,  ;«w/i-'— Bacon. 

Smooth  Cayenne  Pine-apple. — Can  any  one  give 
the  history,  and  date  ol  introduction  of  this  fruit  into 
Europe  ? 


CO  VENT  GARDEN,  July  9. 
A  GENERAL  falling  off  in  demand  for  best  goods,  the 
London  season  being  nearly  over,  and  prices  are  conse- 
quently lower.  Bush  fruit  has  commenced,  and  with 
rain  will  show  a  heavy  crop.  Jaines  Webber,  Wholesale 
Apple  Market. 


Fruit. 

Cherries,  J^-sJeve 
Currants,  red,  %-^ 
—  black,  H-siev< 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries,  ^-si. 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


;  Wholesale  Prh:hs. 

s.  d. 
Lemons,  per  case  ..15  ' 
Melons,  each  ..  2  - 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . .    2  < 
•apples,  Eng., lb.    3  ( 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d 

Artichokes,       Globe, 

per  dozen  . .  ..30-.. 

Asparagus,    English, 

per  bundle  . .    1  6-  6  c 

Beans,  Eng.,  per  lb.  09-.. 

Beet,  per  dozen       . .    10-.. 

Cabbages,  per  dozen  16-2*: 

Carrots,  per  bunch. .  o  6-  . . 

Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, spring, per  doz.  2  o-  4  c 

Celery,  per  bundle..   16-26 

Cucumbers,  each     ..  o  6-  1  c 

Endive,  per  dozen  ..    20-.. 

Garlic,  per  lb.  ..06-.. 

Herbs,  per  bunch   .,  02-04 


Horse  Radish,    bun. 
Lettuces,   Cab.,  doz. 

—  English  Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch..  ( 
Mushrooms,  basket;.   : 
Onions,  per  bushel. .  ( 

—  Spring,  per  bun.  t 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .  < 
Peas,  per  quart  ..  : 
Radishes,  per  dozen  i 
Small    saladinj,    per 

punnet       . .  ..   c 

Spinach,  per  bushel  4. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  1 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  c 


d.  s.  d. 
10-40 

6-   \\ 


POTATOS.— English,  new,  8^.  ;    Jerseys,  55.  to  8*.  per  cwt. 
Old  Potatos  finished. 


eo 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  iS 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Arbor-vltae  (golden). 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6 
—  (common),  dozen  6 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4 
Bouvardia,  dozen  . .  9 
Calceolarias,  doz.  . .  6 
C-lrnations,  12  pot-...  6 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4 
Dracaena  terminalis, 
per  dozen  . .  ■ .  30 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12 
Erica,    various,    per 


tvergreens, 
per  dozen  . 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

\  Fuchsias,  per  dozen  . 
I  Hydrangeas,  do 


'  Lilii 


u~,u  ^  dozen 

0-90  —  longifolium,  doz.  1 

o-iz  o  Lobelia,  per  doz.    .. 

0-12  o  Marguerite       Dai>y, 

0-60  o     Musk,  per  dozen     .. 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. . 


0-24 
o-iS  o 


Pain 


.18  o  :  Pelargoniums,        per 
dozen 
—  scarlet,  dozen     .. 
\  elasnca,  eacii..   i  ^j-  /  ^  \  Rhodanthe,  per  doz. 
;,  in  var.',  dozen  4  0-18  o  1  Spiriea,  per  dozen  .. 

Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Pric 


Abutilon.  jz  bunches  2  o-  4  c 
Arum  Lilies,  izblms.  3  o-  6  c 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  9-  1  < 


Cornflower,  12  bun 
tschscholtria,  I2bu 
Euch.-iris.  per  doze 
Cardeiiias,  12  bloom 


Lapageria,  whit 

blooms       .. 
—  red,  12  bloon 
J.ilium     longiflo 


Mignonette,  12  bun. 


Myosotis.  12  1 
Pelargoniums 


Primula.double,  bun. 
Rhodanthe,  12  bun.  < 
Ruses  (indoor),  doz, 

—  coloured,     dozen 

—  per  doz.  bunches 

—  Moss.  12  lun.  .. 
Spiraea,  12  bunches.. 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. . 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun. 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

Tropajolum,  12  bun. 


SEEDS. 


London  :  July  8.— There  is  but  very  litlle  business 
p,i55ine  on  the  seed  market.  Samples  of  new  French 
Trilolium  are  now  showing  :  the  reports  of  tiamage 
done  to  the  crops  by  the  recent  rains  cause  higher  prices 
10  be  asked.  More  attention  is  being  devoted  to  white 
Clover  seed,  and  slightly  enhanced  rates  are  obtained. 
For  Mustard  seed  there  is  rather  more  inquiry,  but  Rape 
seed  is  neglected.  Hemp  seed  is  still  extremely  cheap. 
The  trade  for  Canary  seed  is  steady.  John  Skiw  &■ 
^.ons,  Held  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 

CORN. 

At  Maik  Lane  on  Monday  the  increase!  granary 
stocks  from  recent  large  arrivals,  combined  with  the 
estim.ued  deficiency  of  20  million  quarters  in  the  Ameri- 
can Wheat  crop,  and  the  reported  almost  entire  loss 
of  the  crops  on  the  large  Wheat-growing  districts  of 
So'jthern  Kussia,  had  great  weight  with  holders,  and 
there  was  no  disposition  to  press  sales  at  anything  under 
current  rates.  Flour  was  also  dull,  and  barely  so  steady 
in  tone  as  Wheat.  The  dry  weather  is  not  so  favour- 
able for  spring  corn,  which,  although  very  quiet,  is 
generally  very  steady  in  vahie.-On  Wednesday  the  quo- 
tations for  Wheal  were  nominally  unaltered.  Hour  was 
flat  There  was  no  movement  in  spring  corn  to  afTect 
values  essentially.-Average  prices  ol  corn  for  the  week 
ending  July  4  ;— Wheat,  331.  3</.;  Barley,  281.  ;  Oats, 
221  ^d.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  :— 
Wheat,  yjs.  id.  ;  Barley,  27J.  2d. ;  Oats,  231.  5./. 

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  thai  trade 
was  dull,  with  short  supplies,  more  especially  of  straw-. 
Quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  80s.  to  107J. ;  prime  second 
cut  8=;!.  to  J07S.  ;  inferior,  6or.  to  75.1.  ;  hay,  pnme, 
■70s'  to  q6s.:  interior.  40J.  to  60s.;  and  straw.  26s.  to 
qr/  per  load.— On  Thursday  there  was  a  moderate  sup- 
ply on  sale.  Straw  was  in  demand,  and  best  hay  some- 
what dearer,  but  common  quality  very  dull.— Cumberland 
Market  quotations  :— Clover.best.  Ssr.  to  105J.  ;  inferior. 
60s.  10  80.. ;  hay,  best,  841.  to  95J. ;  inferior,  401.  10  7<w- ; 
and  slraw,  30s.  to  361.  per  load. 

POTATOS. 

The  latest  quotations  to  hand  are  as  follows  ;- Mag- 
num Bonum.  505.  to  601.  per  Ion  ;  new  ditto,  lersey 
kidneys.  Ss.  6d.  to  91.  6d.  per  cwt.  ;  ditto,  flukes,  iw.  per 
cwt  -ditto,  rounds,  ■js.  6d.  per  cwt.  ;  ditto.  St.  Malo. 
6'  6d  1071.  6./.  per  cwt.  ;  ditto,  Cherbourg.  6s.  to  yJ. 
per  cwl.  ;  ditto,  flukes,  ^s.  to  95.  6d.  per  cwt— The  im- 
ports into  London  last  week  consisted  of  4452  boxes  from 
Cherbourg,  and  4549  packages  from  St.  Nazaire. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  al  market  during 
the  week  —East  Wylam.  151.  6d.;  Ravensworth  West 
Hartley,  141.  od.\  Holywell  West  Hartley.  141.  6./.; 
Walls  End-Harton,  13J.  6,/.  ;  Tyne  (unscreened), 
iij  3,1'  ;  Helton,  151.  ;  Helton  Lyons.  13*.  6d.;  Haw- 
thorn. 135.  6d.\  Lambton.  14J.  6d.\  Wear,  ly.  bd.\ 
South  Hetlon,  15J. ;  East  Hartlepool.  141.  ^d. ;  South 
Hartlepool,  131.  gcA ;  Tees,  151.;  Lambton,  i+J.  6d.\ 
Chilton  Tees,  13J.  9./. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 

Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 

s.        d. 

Supplied  in  Tins,     1    0  eacli. 
.,       2    6    „ 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12    0  per  Bag. 
„        i    „    20    0       „ 
„         1    „    37    6       „ 

Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  appUcation. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  eiTects,  very  little  need  be 
used  -,  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  tlian  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  Irom  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


C.  G.  FRAZER  k  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


THREE-QUARTER     SPAN-ROOF    GREENHOUSES 
made  in  liBhVs,  glazed  with  2.-0Z.  e1»ss.  and  painted  three  coals 
"fBoid   oil   colour.     Tenanls-    Fixtures.     15  feet   by    .0  feet, 
for  Brickwork.  Ill 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

DEANE    &   CO.'S 
"GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 

(Owiin  RclLUred,  No.  i,,865.) 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


10  (t.  long,  8  ft. 

Price  complete,  with  .taging  "'<>""='' ,f,^^^-„,^'^  „;,|,in 
Louphbotoueh  Hot-water  Apparatus.  Erected  conH.lete  w.tmn 
iSoTiles  of  London  Bridge,  or  delivered  carnage  free  to  any 
sulion  in  Erg'and.  X*  Q  R 

LARGER  SIZES,  complete  as  above, 

„  ft.  by  8  ft.       ,,r..by,(t.       .o<..  by.oft.       '5  (•    bv  "  ft. 

£28.  £35  lOB.  £44  10a.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories  Green- 
houses, &c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE 
ON  APPLICATION. 

Surveys  made  and  Plans  and  EsUmales  Free. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 
46.  King  William)    LONDON    BRIDGE. 


Fixed  in  any  part  of  the 

Kingdom  with  Hot-water 

Appaiatus  complete. 

CATALOGUE 
free. 


Government  Stock.— The  closing  prices  o(  Con- 
sols on  Mond-iv  were  908  to  09^  for  delivery,  and  99,,  to 
99'  5  for  the  account.  Tuesday's  figures  were  99^  to  99! 
for  delivery,  and  991',,  to  99',1  for  the  account.  Wednes- 
d.ay's  figures  were  99 1'j  to  09^  for  both  transactions. 
Thursday's  prices  were  99}  10  99S  for  delivery,  and 
99is  to  99t|  for  the  account. 


X  TAKE    NOTICE    OF  A 

WOOD  dtJIILTON'S  PATENT. 

Tie  Future  Boiler  for 
Nurserymen  and  Gardeners 

Healinganyamountupto  15,000  ft 

Advantages  over  all  other  inven 

lions.  Price  List  free  on  application 

_  Please  vvrite  your  addresses  plainly 

T.    'WOOD,  Hot-'water  Engineer, 
I   RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    EASTVILLE,    BRISTOL 


NORTH  OF  ENGLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS, 

DAEIilNGTON. 


£'■<' 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  ate  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
FrI'm'e  ^o'-p^^Growi^g  and  very  one  with  a  garden  eho.Ud 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  rignt  "  "j"  "'  \.,  .aken  apart 
•^a'rrw  mt-ut^es! 'l'.l^\'nTpri"etS;itge  p"ard\Vat".a?ion 
in  England,  ready  gUzed  and  painled:-  ,        ,     „ 

6  leel  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     AJ  JS     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,.         "  ,  ,,     „ 

6  feet  long,  5  feer  w.ae 6  10     o 

12  feel  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  "...'' 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 


July  ii,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


61 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Precervine  Iionwoik,  Wood,  or  Slone. 
{Registered  Trade  Jtark.) 


This  Vrtk.SlSH  is  an  excellent  ,uhsi,tu  e  lor  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  woik.  while  it  is  fully  two-lhitds  cheaper.  It  was 
tntroducf  d  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  ihe  Aovenisers,  and 
its  gerjuine  good  quality,  notwithatauding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requires  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u^^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  (.astle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the    Nobility  and    Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 


lials  ha 
Sold  in  Casks  of  abou 
t  the  Manufactory,  or 
tation  in  the  Kingdom. 

CIN 


;o  gallons  each,  at  is.  61.  per  | 
8(/.  per  gallon  carriage  paid 


•'  Piercefield  P,i,k,  Ju„e  =,,  1876 —sir,  I  have  thii  day 
rwarded  from  Chepstow  tn  your  adorcss  a  bijck  varnish  cask, 
be  filled  and  returned  with  as  g'wd  Varni^h  as  ihe  last  we 
id,  which  I  candidly  aflmit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Pierc_elield  Paik,  Chepstow.— 1  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 


.».peci(ully.  \Vm.  Cox 

CWf/r/O.V.-HiLi. 
Cust>  mtrs  against  ihi 


&S^ 


[  their 


adv 


.  H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  mos 
of  the  large  estates  in  ihe  kingdom  for  upwaida  of  thirty  years 
pnl  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerou 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article 
Kverycak  is  legibly  maiked  with  their  name  and  Kegistetei 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  nof<e  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATaLOIjUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Fiek 
and  lint'aiice  Gates   S:c  .  t-ent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  ANt)  SMITH,  Btierlev  Hill  Ironworks.  Stafford.hire 
1.8,  Queen  Victoria  itreet,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  196,  St.  Vincen 
hiren,  Glasgow. 


"  Gathsr  Honey  from  Your  Fiowers." 
^ETGHBUUR'S    Celebrated    DEEHIVES. 


NEIGH  BOUR'S 

COTTAGE    BEEHIVE, 

as  or'gioally  introduced  by  thent, 
woiking  ihtec  bell  gla-ses  or  airrfy 
of  sectional  supers,  is  neatly  a.,tt 
strongly  made  of  straw  ;  it  }i.is 
three  windows  in  the  lower  Hive. 
This  Hive  will  be  found  to  pos- 
sess many   practical    advantages, 

ih;in    any    oihcr     that    has    been 

introduced. 

Price    ..  ..   JEI  15     0 

Stand  foi  ditto       0  10     6 

NEIGHBOURS  FIFTEEN 
SHILLING        FKAME-HIVE. 

1  his  hive  has  been  designed  to 
supply  a  want  long  felt  by  those 
who  desire  a  Hive  at  once  tasteful 


appeal 


and    mode 


and  sufficient  warmth 
-»  Frames,  of  the  standard 
a  dummy  fir  redui  ng  the  K 
Heq  tit    t3    fhre     set  ihe  Ft! 


^-ii^ 


rofv 


ti  prolprt  frf 


the  weather,  are  also  locludet]. 

mplete    tSJ 

Also  BAR  FRAMF  HIVES   from  71  61  to  4W  each 

"THE    API  ARY,"by  ALFRF,  D    NEIGHBOUR. 

Price  55.,  post-free. 

CATALOGUE  of  Improved    Beehives  and  Appliances    may 

be  had  on  application  to 

GEO.    NEIGHBOUB,    &    SONS, 
127,    HIGH    HOLBORN,   LONDON,  W.C, 

and  149,  REGENT   STREET,    LONDON,  W. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 


(Li; 


Have  attached  to  their  extensive  woiks  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 


Full  piit'culars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFBED  SLATES,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


Eosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


IHE  ABOVE  anci  many  other  PATTERNS 

ate  made  in  maleiials  of  gieat  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  f  CHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  hat- 
fa  ,ur  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up    little    loom,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 

i  do  "grown"    Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artihcial  Stone, 

very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design! 

Upper    On 


Manufaa 


ROSHKR 

Street,  Backlriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chiisea,  S.W.  , 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  •■ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  hOXES  also 
for  FOXLEVS  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lllu.tratec  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconie-,  &c., 
from  3S.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  ol  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wnh  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE  GLAZtU  TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 
Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 
Paving  ol  great  durability.  Wall  Copings.  Drain  Pipes  andT'iIes 
>fing  Tilts  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 
to  CO  ,  Bnck  and  T  ile  Merchants, 
e  Addresses  above. 


OILVER  SAND, 

kj     fire  or  coarse  gram  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 

or  Truckload.  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  dliecl  from 

P  ts  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample,  of  Sand  free  by  post. 

FMNTSand  BkICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Femeries 

KEIVIT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lo« est  rates  in  any 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresjes  see  ahi've. 

N.B -O.deis  promptly  .Xfciited  by  Rail  or  to  Wha  ve". 

A    iberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

DOULTON    &   WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,    PEDESTALS.    FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN    EDQINOS,    &c., 

IMPERISHABLE '"terra    COTTA. 


Tiles  for  Linini;  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,   including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c.. 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,    LAMBETH  FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW  SILICON  WAKE. 


Show  Booms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


ol   16-OZ.   glass   in 
■200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cutnimber   fi'a'ses.  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  txin  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARBIILOE    ft    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  (JIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smltbfleld,  London,  E  C. 

Stock  List  and  Frices  on  apfiiieattan.     Ouote  Chronule. 


OHN  SHAW  AND  CO.,  31,  Oxford  Street, 

R,   Manufacturers  of  TIFFANY  and    N  B.T- 
scription.   Circular  and  Prices  on  application. 


J 

TING  of 


Notice  to  Orchid  Growers,  &c. 
^EAK-WOOD,  for  Uichid   Baskets  ;    Teak- 
wood  tubs   lor  Plants;  BambooCANES,  for  Slaking. 
P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer.  Ehmon  Street.  Liverpool. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork.    Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Cane.',     Rustic 
Wont,   Manures,  &c.      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  S(.,  London,  E.C. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

iS.coa  OF  THE  NoBiLiTV,  Gentrv,  and  Clergy. 

Is  extensivelv  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Ftee  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-free, 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

LOST5DN,  E.C.  ; 

21  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WAl  K,  DUBLIN. 

Diicount  for  Cash. 

The   Original   and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  olher  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle.  Staffordshire. 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Cardeners'  Magazine  says  ;- 
palm  beluieall  oiher  plant  labels,  as  the  very  hrst  in  met  it." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Slralford.t.n-Avon. 

NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 
Seed  Beds,  Ripe  Strawberries,  &o. 

TANNED  NETTING  for  I'rotecling  the 
above  from  Frost,  Blight,  Birds,  &c.,  i  jards  wide.  -id. 
per  yard,  or  too  yards,  15J.  ;  4  yards  wide,  ^d.  per  yaid,  or 
50  yards,  151 

EA'I ON  AND  DELLER,  6  and  7,  Crooked  Lane,  London 
Bridge,  K.C.       . 

GARDEN      NETTING. 
S.      A.      SANDS 


Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  FrOst,  Winds,   Hail,  and 
Fiutt  Irom   B.rds,  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Poit. 


Address— S.   A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 


TANNED    GARDEN    NETTING. 

I  yard    wide  . .     Y^d.  per  yard  I  3  yards  wide  . .  ^\id.  per  yard. 

z  yards  wide  . .    ij^d.  per  yard  I  4  yards  wide  . .   31/.      per  iard. 

500  yards  and    upwaids  delivered  free  to  any  part. 


GREENHOUSE    SHADINGS. 

SCRIM.     TIFFANY    and     COTTON      NETTING. 
A  set  of  samples,  with  prices,  post-free. 


RUSSIA    MATS,    RAFFIA,    TOBACCO  PAPER,    PEAT, 

SILVER  SAND,  COCOA  FIBRE  REFUSE, 

GARDEN    TOOLS,  &c.,   at  the  lowest  possible  ptices. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  fost-free  on  application 

JAMES    T.    ANDERSON, 

149,  Commercial  Street,  Sboredltcb,  London,  E. 


62 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  ii,  i8 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Liru  chari^ed  as  two. 

4  Lines. ..;^o    3    o 


6 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

11 

12 
13 
14 


I  across  columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be 

Page  £a    o    o 

Half  Page 500 

Column   '..         ..         ..         "SSO 


15  Lines. 

.^0    8 

6 

16     „    . 

.    0    9 

0 

17     „    . 

•    0    9 

6 

18     „    . 

.    0  10 

0 

19     „    . 

.    0  10 

6 

20     „    . 

.   0   II 

0 

21     „    . 

.   0  II 

6 

22     „    . 

.   0   12 

0 

23     „    . 

.    0  12 

6 

24     „    . 

.   0   13 

0 

25     „    . 

.   0  13 

6 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advcrthtn  art  cautionid 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  tlie  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sx.  each  insertion. 

reach  the  Office 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  in  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :  12  Months,  {,\  33,  lOd. ; 

6  Months,  lie.  lid.  :    3  Months,  69. 

Foreign   (excepting    India  and    China)  :    includine    Postage, 

£1  6b.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


ii-LES  AND  Price  Lists  Free 

Children's  1/5 

PAMRDIP  Ladies'  ..-.If, 

UAIVIDltlU  Gents     ..3/8 

per  dozen. 

Hemstitched 

Ladles'. .3/.. 

Gents'  ..6/9 

per  dozen. 

By  Appoint*                           Al 

raents  to  the 

Queen     and  DnPI^CT  »' 

L  Pure  Flax 
The  Cambrics 
Robinson    & 

hav 


;  of  Ger-  world-widefame." 

many.  Queen. 

ANDa.AVKK.^^ST^   jiANDKERCHIEFS 

TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  ^d.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.   BLACKBURN  and  SUNS,  4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street 
London,  E.C. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


BAYLISS.  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA    WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON; 

And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

SKINNER  &  BOARD,  BhIbTOL, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS   k   HOT-.VATER   ENGINEtRi, 
PATENTEES 

'^'^^  "VENETIAN    -^1 


IRISH 


FISH  NAPKINS,  -a.  iid.  per  dozen.  DINNER 
NAPKINS,  55.  6i.  per  doz.  TABLE  CLOTHS, 
2  yards  square,  is.  iid.  TABLE  CLOTHS. 
2  ji  by  3  yards,  5J.  nrf.  each.  KITCHEN 
TABLE  CLOTHS,  iiM''.  each.  LINEN 
SHEETING,  z-yds.  wid"e,  is.  iirf.  per  yard. 
FINE  LINENS  and  LINEN  DIAPERS, 
riAMAQI^  "°^  P"V<I-  SURPLUS 
UMIVIftOlA  LINEN,  V/id.  per  yard. 
LINEN  DUSTERS,  31.  3./  per  dozen. 
GLASS  CLOTHS.  41.  6d.  per  doz.  Strong 
HUCKABACK   TOWELS,   45.  (d.  dozen. 

TABLE  &  HOUSE  LINEN 


FIVE   GOLD    MEDALS 

BORWICKS 


FOR  PASTRY, PUDDINCS,TEA- CAKES 
AND   WHOLESOME    BREAD. 


THE  "GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE"  lor 
the  years  ii?4i  and  1S42,  bound,  and  in  gocd  preservation. 
Best  offer. 

H.  J.  P.,C.>r./',OT>-i'C.«ro«/c/<rOffice,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 


THE    COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  from   the  Gardeners'    Chronicle,    with 
Alterations  and  Addition.s. 

Price  id.  ;  post-free  j%d, 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richa 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  .It  the  Office   of  the  Gardener's  Chronicle, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland Cojijtties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let, 


The  Sydney  Mail 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELLS  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.     (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  .ind  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.     THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COM.MERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 

Th..  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  v.iriety  of  subjects. 

Subscription  in  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum, 

Sinj;le  Copies,  (jd.  ;  Stan.pcd,  -jd. 
Publishing  Office-Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD. 
NEY  MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co,  30,  Comhill,  EC. 

Mr.   F.   Algar.  8,  Clements  Lane,    Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,   St.    Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristoi.   James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchester..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 
Edinburgh....    Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^g"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  filed  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'AKBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  .\  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  I'.i  UVE- 
NiCH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hili.i-, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER  (either  sleeping 
or  active),  with  Capital,  for  an  old-established  Nursery 
and  Seed  Business  in  one  of  the  best  districts  in  England,  Co 
miles  from  London,  or  the  Business  may  be  purchased  on  easy 
terms.  Inspection  invited. — Communications,  in  first  instance, 
to  JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Forest  Hill,  S.E  ,  who  recom- 
mend this  as  a  good  opportunity. 

Nursery   Manager. 

WANTED,  for  an  extensive  Provincial 
Nursery,  a  thoroughly  qualified  and  experienced 
GENERAL  MANAGER.  A  sound  practical  knowledge  of 
every  branch  of  the  Nursery  Trade,  combined  with  energy  and 
ability  to  control  and  direct  the  various  departments  of  a  large 
Business  in  an  efficient  and  thorough  manner  are  indispensable. 
Personal  character  must  bear  the  closest  scrutiny.  Applicants 
are  requested  to  give  full  particulars  of  their  business  ex- 
perience, and  where  acquired.  State  ihe  nature  and  extent  of 
their  foimer  charge,  references,  age,  and  salary  expected. — 
Z.  Y.  X.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  HEAD  WORKING  GAR- 
DENER. Four  Orchid  Houses  (not  large).  Vinery, 
Frames,  Kitchen  and  Herbaceous  Garden,  &c.  A  lover  of 
Orchids  essential,  as  many  hundreds  of  home- raised  hybrid  seed- 
lings in  collection.— Apply,  with  full  particulars,  to  NORMAN 
C.  COOKSON,  Oakwood,  Wylam-on-Tyne,  R.S.O. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  practical 
GARDENER,  to  take  charge  of  moderate-sized 
Garden.  Assistance  given.  Married  man,  without  family,  pre- 
f-^rred.  Wages  2ir.  per  week,  with  lodge  residence  and  coals. 
Character  must  bear  strictest  investigation. — Apply  by  letter  to 
F.  MAY,  Esq.,  The  Grange,  E'slree.  Herts. 

WANTED,  a  good  practical  WORKING 
GARDENER,  a  single  man.  He  must  perfectly 
understand  the  Kitchen  Gaiden.  the  Cuhivation  of  Fruit  and 
Flowers,  also  of  Vines  and  all  Greenhouse  Plants.  An  un- 
deniable character  both  as  to  conduct  and  talents  :  a  youth 
under  him.— C.  E.  P.,  Ripley  House,  Ripley,  Surrey. 

ANTED,  a   SINGLE-HANDED   GAR- 

DENER,  for  a  small  place  near  London  ;  married, 
without  encumbrance.  Abstainer  preferred.  Must  be  well 
recommended,  and  have  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  his 
business  in  all  branches  except  stove.  Wages  231.  per  week 
with  Lodge.  No  extras. — Apply,  stating  age,  to  H.,  33, 
Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

W "anted,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN, 
who  thoroughly  understands  Fruit  Plantation.  Tea- 
totaller  preferred.  Gardener's  house  provided.  —  Mr.  BUT- 
LER,  s.  Hart  Street,  Bloomsbury,  W.C. 

\\7"ANTED,     a     thorough     practical     Soft- 

»»       wooded     PLANT     GROWER. —GREGORY    and 

EVANS.  Sidcup. 

ANTED,  a  GROWER  of  Pelargoniums, 

<S:c  ,  for  the  London  Markets.  Good  wages  given  to  a 
suitable  man —CHILD'S  Nursery,  Half-way  Street,  New 
Ehham,  Kent. 


w 


ANTED,  a  FRUIT   GROWER,  able    to 

ipply  all  kinds  of  Fruit,  suitable  for   Family  Trade 
-E.  GRIFFIN,  2.  Queen  Street,  Cardiff. 


WANTED,  to  take  charge  of  the  Glass 
Department,  which  is  extensive,  a  first-class  MAN, 
thoroughly  acquainted  wiih  the  Cultivation  of  Haid  and  Soft- 
wooded  Plants,  Vines,  &c.—  Apply,  with  all  particulars  of 
experience,  age,  salary  expected,  &c.,  to  Messrs.  JAMES 
DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries,  Chesti. 


WANTED,  a  steady  sober  young  MAN, 
not  under  25,  who  thoroughly  understands  Propagat- 
ing of  all  kinds,  and  the  Growing  of  Plants  for  Cut  Bloom  ; 
able  to  make  up  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  None  need  apply 
who  are  not  quite  competent.  To  be  under  a  Foreman.  —  Writs 
with  all  particulars,  wages  required,  to  Mr.  J.  PAGE,  The 
Hornsey  Nursery,  Hornsey,  N. 

WA N TE D,  AT  ON CE,  a  thorough  practical 
MAN  to  Grow  and  Propagate  Greenhouse  Plants  for 
Sale.  One  used  to  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making,  also  fair 
good  writer,  prefened.  To  a  good  man  good  wages  will  be 
given.— Apply,  with  references,  to  S.  HARTLEY,  Headingley 
Nursery,  near  Leeds. 

WANTED,  for  the  Glass  Department,  an 
active,  obliging,  steady  MAN,  of  good  character,  and 
with  experience  m  the  Cultivation  of  Soft  and  Hard-wooded 
Plants,  Vines,  &c.— Apply,  with  copies  of  references,  stating 
age,  wages  required,  &c.,  to  LITTLE  and  BALLANTYNE, 
Knowelield  Nurseries,  Cariisle. 

WANTED,  a  trustworthy,  active  young 
MAN,  with  a  knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Flower  Growing 
under  glass.  —  McCORMICK,  The  Nurseries,  Ashford 
Staines,  Middlesex. 


WANTED,  ONE  or  TWO  respectable 
YOUTHS  as  Apprentices  at  a  Noblemans  place  in 
Ireland.  Good  opportunity  of  acquiring  a  sound  practical 
knowledge  of  Gardening.— Terms  on  application  to  WM  I 
IRELAND,   Headfort  Gardens,  Kells,  Co.  Meath. 

ANTED,     an      INDOOR      NURSERY 

ASSISTANT.-Must  be  experienced  in  Greenhouse 
Plants.  Wages  20i.  per  week.— G.  and  W.  YATES,  Heaton 
Norris  Nurseries.  Stockport. 

Second  Stiopman. 

WANTED,  an  active,  reliable  young  MAN. 
State  particulars,  wages,  Sc  — B.  C,  Messrs.  Nutting 
&  Son,  Seedsmen,  Houndsditch.  London,  E. 

ANTED,  a  PORTER,  married,   without 

children,  for  London.  Must  have  some  knowledge  of 
Gardening.  A  pensioned  soldier  or  policeman  preferred.— 
Mr.  HILES,  i,  Kensington  Gore,  S.W.,  by  letter  or  personally. 


July  ii,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


63 


WANT    PLACES. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Resiante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirine  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

TO  NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smart,  sound,  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWARDS,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c.,  in  Obuining  Men  specially 
suitable  for  their  requirements.-VICCARS  COLLYER  AND 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 

TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 
McIntyre  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Paik,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

Gardenera,  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries,  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c.,  on  application. 

("GARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  thorough 
J  practical  experience  with  Orchids.  Plants,  Fruit  Forcine, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  E.vcellent  character.  — H. 
PAYNE,  I,  Norths  Terrace,  Blackhorse  Lane,  Walthamstow. 

GARDENER  (Head\  where  one  or  more 
are  kept.  — Married  when  suited  ;  two  years  Second  with 
a  Nobleman.  Good  experience  in  Vines.  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Excellent  character.— 
FRANCIS  HICKS,  Fiiltenden  House,  near  Staplehurst,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  39,  married  ; 
twenty  years'  thorough  practical  experience,  gained  in 
all  branches.  Fully  competent  to  Manage  a  Large  Establish- 
ment. First-rale  reference  as  to  ability,  &c.  Abstainer.— 
H.  GARDENER,  Ivy  House.  Balham  Hill,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (HeadV  — Mr.  P.  C.  Hard- 
WICKE  wishes  to  highly  recommend  his  late  Head  Gar- 
dener,  who  lived  fifteen  years  at  Hollanden,  Tonbridge,  to  any 
one  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man,  — P.  C.  HARD- 
WICKE,  Esq.,  2,  Hereford  Gardens,  Park  Lane,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married  ;  Scotch. 
Has  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  Cultivation  of 
all  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  both  Inside  and  Out.  First- 
class  testimonials  and  references. — G.  B  ,  l6(,  Albany  Street, 
London,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  33,  married,  two 
children.  — H,  Wells  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Nobleman  or  Gentleman  in  want  of  a  thorough  practical  man 
as  above.  Not  less  than  five  men.  —  Present  employer.  J.  MAR- 
TINEAU,  Esq.,  Park  Corner,  Heckfield,  Winchfield.  will  be 
pleased  to  answer  all  enquiries  as  to  character  and  abilities. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  Married  ;  great 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Forcing,  Cultivation  of  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns  (British  and  exotic).  Kitchen  and 
Flower  Gardening,  and  Management  of  a  Large  Estate.  Six 
and  seventeen  years'  excellent  character  for  honesty  industry, 
and  sobriety.  Abstalner.-J  AMES  CHESHER,  2,  Lime  Villa, 
Bell  Lane,  Hendon.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 
BAILIFF. — Age  49.  no  family  ;  understands  every  branch 
of  the  profession.  Testimonials  and  reference  of  the  highest 
class.— J.   L.,    Mrs,   Williams,  r2,    Bertha   Road,  Greet,  near 


To  Gardeners  and  Nurserymen. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  married. 
—  .£5   Bonus.       First-class  references.       Sixteen    years' 
experience.— L.  P.    7,  Danby  Street,  Peckham,  S.  E. 


G 


ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  married. 

— Thorou,:hIv  practical,  long   experience.      Good  refer- 
— T.  N.,The  Lodge,  Shinlield  Lodge,  Shinfield,  Reading, 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
married  ;  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  branches. 
Three  years'  good  character  from  last  s'tuaticn.— R.  E.  B., 
TheGaidens,  Orchaid  House,  Erilh,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38  ; 
twenty  years'  thorough  experience  in  all  branches. 
Wife  Poultry  or  assist  otherwise.  Both  highly  recommended. 
—GARDENER,  Mr.  Macelield,  Sutioner,  Knight's  Hill, 
Norwood.  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  more 
are  kept.— Married,  no  family;  twenty-six  years' large 
experience  in  every  branch  of  the  profession,  also  Land  and 
Stock.  Highly  respectable,  energetic  and  trustworthy.  Excel- 
lent character.— R.  M.,  Chase  Lodge,  Mill  Hill,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  middle- 
aged,  married,  no  family— Sir  T.  E.  Coikjirooke 
Bart.,  M.P,,  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head  Gardener,  as 
a  trustworthy  servant,  and  a  good  Gardener.  Active  and  in- 
dustrious —JAMES  MANDERSON,  16,  Vorlcy  Road,  Junc- 
tion Road,  tjpper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— W.  J. 
MiTCHrsoN.  Foreman  at  the  Marquis  of  Kildare's, 
Kilkea  Castle,  Mageney,  wishes  a  situation  where  two  or 
three  hands  are  kept.     Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 


First- class  t 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SiNGtE-HANDED).— Age  2/,  single  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  First-class  references.— G.  W.,  Mrs 
Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working),    or 

GENERAL  FOREMAN,  in  a  large  private  establish- 
ment.— Age  30;  fourteen  years'  experience  in  all  branches, 
acquired  in  Noblemen's  Gardens.  Excellent  testimonials.— W. 
STEPHENS,  1.  St.  John's  Cottages.  Polegate,  Sussex, 

GARDENER  (Foreman  or  Head),  where 
help  is  g_iven.— Age  24  ;  eleven  years' experience.  Can 
be  highly  recommended  by  Head  Gardener.  X)ne  year  and 
nine  months  in  present  situation. —  For  further  particulars 
apply  to  G.  HAINER,  The  Gardens,  East  Horsley  Towers, 
Leatherhead. 


GARDENER. — Age  39  ;  practical  and  ener- 
getic. Thoroughly  understands  his  work.  Eighteen  years' 
experience  in  all  branches.  Wife  could  Manage  Poultry. 
Good  characters.— F.  H.,  iS,  Queen's  Road,  Crown  Hill, 
Norwood,  S.E. 

ARDENER  and  COOK,  or  any  place  of 

trust.— Respectable  married  couple  ;  thoroughly  under- 
stand their  work.  Good  characters.  —  GARDENER, 
Kingsey  Vicarage.  Thame. 

ARDENER     (Single-handed).  — Tho- 

roughly  practical  ;  first-class  references  from  present  and 
previous  situation.-EDWARD  FULLER,  i,  Roslyn  Villa, 
Granville  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

GJ.ARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
^  help  is  given.— Age  24,  single  ;  will  up  in  the  general 
routine  of  Gardening,  Inside  and  Out.  Four  years'  good 
charac;er  from  last  situation.- H.  MARTIN,  River  Nook, 
Wraysbury.  near  Staines,  Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second). 
— Age  25  ;  nine  yeatb'  experience  in  all  branches  :  gjod 
character.— J.  b.,  72,  South  Street,  Isleivoith,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (Second),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept.-Willing  to  assist  outside.  Eight  years'  ex- 
perience. 'T«o  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended. —  W.  MASKELL,  The  Gardens,  Queen's  Park, 
Brighton. 


GARDENER  (Second)  in  a  good  establish- 
ment. — Young  and  active;  thoroughly  understands  the 
Work;  or  good  Market  Place.  First-class  character.  — F. 
WOUDWAkD,  Hadzor  Garden,  near  Droitwich,  Worcester- 
shire. 


GARDENER  (Second),  or  FOREMAN, in  a 
Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden. -Thirteen  years' 
experience  in  the  Culture  of  Choice  Fruits  and  Flowers  ;  also 
House  and  Table  Decorations.-H.  R.,  2,  Myrtle  Cottage, 
Belmont  Grove.  Chislehurst. 

GA  R  D  e"n  E  R  (Second),  or  FIRST 
JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  large  eitablishment.-Age  25  ; 
well  recommended.— J.  K.,  The  Gard.os,  Streatham  Grove. 
Gibson's  Hill,  Norwood,  S.E. 


G 


ARDENER  (Under),  where  two  or  more 

kcpt.-Age  19.— JOHN  WILSON,  Rothay  Cottage, 


,  Wesl 


and. 


To  Nurserymen,  Florists,  &c. 

MANAGER,  in  a  gooel  sittiation.- Energetic. 
Has  had  great  experience  in  all  branches  of  Nursery 
and  Florist  work.  Can  be  well  recommetded.— O.  J.  O., 
6a.<i'«if^j'C/uv.ijV/,fOffice,4T.  Wellington  Street,  Strand, W.C. 


NURSERY  MANAGER  or  FOREMAN.— 
A  sound  knowledge  of  Nursery  Stock.  Successful 
Budder  and  Grafter.  Clever  Landscape  CJardener.  Testimonials 
on    application.- D.,    The    Nurseries,    Burbage,    Hmckley, 


ershir 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 
establishment. — Age  26:  eleven  years'  piactical  ex- 
perience. Two  years'  good  character  from  last  employer. — M. 
FIELD,  Wellington  Road  Nursery,  St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 

To  Head  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  moderate-sized  establish- 
ment; age  25 —The  Advertiser  desires  to  recommend  a 
reliable  man  as  above —G.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Athelstan  Road, 
Harold  Wood,  Romford. 


To  Horticultural  Builders. 

FO  R  E  M  A  N.— Well  acquainted  with  all 
branches  of  the  Trade.  Eleven  years  Shop  Foreman 
for  the  late  Henry  Ormson,  of  Chelsea.  —  B.  PHILLIPS, 
22,  Biitannia  Road,  Fulham,  London,  S.W. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Nobleman's 
or  Gentleman's  establishment.- Age  26  ;  well  up  in  Forc- 
ing, and  well  acquainted  with  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Orchids.  &c.  Ten  years' experience.  Good  character. — T.  T  , 
West  Brighton  Nurseries,  West  Brighton,  Sussex. 


To  Market  Growers  and  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  or  PLANT   GROWER.— Age 
30  ;  used  to  Covent  Garden  stuff      Permanency  desired, 
— State  wages  to  A,  B.,  Station  Road,  Stevenage,  Herts. 


FOREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  a  private 
establishment.— Age  24  ;  willing  to  assist  with  Outside 
Work  if  required.  Highly  recommended.— ADVERTISER. 
Ardeii  Cottage,  Malvern  Wells. 

FOREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  23  ;  nine  years' experience,  two  in  present  situation. 
Can  be  well  recommended  from  present  and  previous  employers. 
J.  CLARK.  The  Gardens,  ColeOrton  Hall,  Ashbyde-la-Zouch. 

OREMAN,    in     the     Houses,    or    FIRST 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  large  establishment.  —  Nine 
years'  good  character.  Can  be  highly  recommended.— 
GEORGE  GURNEY,  Btiden's  Camp,  Kernel  Hempstead. 
Herts, 


PROPAGATOR     and     GROWER,     where 
Plants  and  Cut  Flowers  are  wanted  in  quantity.     Small 
Nursery  preferred.     Capable  of  producing  good  stuff.     Three 
"    '  -E.  v.,  1,  Merchant  Street,  Bristol. 


ORCHID  GROWER,  or  ORCHID  and 
PLANT  GROWER— Adierii-ier  would  be  pleased  to 
communicate  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  good 
practical  man.  Has  twelve  years' experience  in  above  capacities. 
-G.  CYPHER,  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  Orchid  Importers,  St.  Albans. 


TJOSE-GROWER  (Indoor).— Age  26;  good 

J^y>    Budder  and  Grafter.     - 

years  in  other  branches.     Goi 

5,  Daflord  Street,  Laikhall,  Bath. 

To  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 
pLANT    and     FRUIT     GROWER.— Long 

J-       experience,  being  in  the  Trade  for  above  twenty  years. — 
W.  DRA  YCOTT.  2,  Charles  Road,  Coventry  Road,  Birmingham. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses  in  a  gooh. 

^'      establishment,  —  Ape    20  ;     six    years'    experience.  —  A. 
SMITH,  Wichnor  Park,  Buitonon-Trent. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,— Age  23  ; 

f  seven  years'  experience.  Good  character  from  last  and 
previous  places.  Bothy  preferred.— F.  G.  SKELTON,  Bodor- 
gan  Gardens,  Llangefni,  Anglesey.  N.  Wales. 


rOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  22  : 

^  seven  years'  experience.  Excellent  testimonial  from  last 
place.  Bothy  preferred.— F.  SKELTON,  i,  Edith  Cottages, 
Withernsea,  Hull. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

W  Age  23  :  seven  and  a  hall  years'  experience.  Good 
referencts.  Bothy  preferred.— E.  TICKNER,  14,  Auckland 
Road,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  20  ;  over  two  years'  experience  in  a  first-class  estab- 
lishment. Good  character,  liolhy  preferred. —A.  BARKER, 
Ponsbourne  Park,  Hertford,  Herts. 

IMPROVER,   in    a    Gentleman's   Garden.— 
Age  19  ;    over  four  years'   character.— A.   JENNINGS, 
Broughton  Rectory,  Banbury,  Oxon. 

JMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  19;   three 

-•-  years'  experience.  Good  character.  Total  abstainer. 
Bothy  preferred.— W.  BREWER,  Penton  Gardens,  Andover. 

O    NURSERYMEN   and   FRUIT 

GROWERS.-!  he  advertiser  having  the  entire  stock  of 
a  fine  new  early  Peach,  of  great  sire  and  merit,  desires  an 
engagement  where  he  can  Grow  it.  Fruit  it,  and  arrange  for  its 
distribution.  —  NEMO,  Gardeneri  Chronicle  Office,  ai, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

fyO  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS,  &c.— 

-*-  Wanted  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  or  Gentleman's  Garden. 
Six  years'  experience  with  Plants,  Roses,  and  Fruits.  Good 
Budder.  Age  21.  Good  character.— A.  W.  W..  2,  Windsor 
Terrace,  Windsor  Road,  Upton,  Forest  Gate,  Essex. 


'pO  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS, &c.— 

-L  Wanted,  by  active  young  man,  a  situation  in  the  Culti- 
vation of  Flowers  In  and  Out  of  Greenhouses.  Has  had  some 
experience.  Good  references.— R,  BOITING,  Hurst  Bams, 
South  Common,  Lewes,  Sussex. 


fpo  GARDENERS.— Wanted  a  situation  for 

-L  a  youth  (age  17)  in  a  good  Garden.  Three  years' experi- 
ence under  a  good  Gardener.  A  Premium  given,— Mr.  KEEL- 
ING, Orsett,  Romford,  Essex. 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Wanted  to 
apprentice  a  youth  (age  \b%)  ;  has  been  working  in  the 
Garden  two  years.— Please  state  all  particulars  to  HEAD 
GARDENER,  Priory  Lodge.  St.  Helen's,  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight. 

APPRENTICE,  under  a  good  Gardener.— 
Age  18;  tallandstrong.— D.  GUNN,  Rousham,  Oxford. 

CONTINENTAL  TRAVELLER  or  RE^ 
DENT  AGENT.-Wanted,  an  engagement  asabove.by 
a  Gentleman,  who  has  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the 
Seed  and  Nursery  Trade,  Wholesale  and  Retail.  Speaks  and 
writes  both  French  and  German  fluently  ;  the  highest  references 
as  to  character  and  ability.— Address  by  letter  only,  to  A.  Z  , 
C.tro'em-r.t'C/ir«r!;iV,- Office,  41,  Wellington  Strand, London,W.C. 

URSERY  TRAVELLER,  or  AGENT 

and  TRAVELLER,  representing  Foreign  Firm.— 
Please  state  full  particulars  to  D.  C,  Gardeners'  ChronicU 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT  SHOP- 
M AN.— Age  23.  Seven  and  a  half  years*  experience  in 
all  departments  of  the  Retail  Seed  Trade  ;  also  good  general 
knowledge  of  Plants  and  Bulbs.  Six  years  with  Jimes  Veiich 
&  Sons,  Chelsea.  First-class  references.  —  S.  GEORGE, 
10.  Victoria  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

pLERK   (Junior),   or  ASSISTANT,   in    a 

V--'  Florist  or  Seed  Business. — Age  18  ;  good  references. — 
H,  A.  BUNYARD,  The  Nurseries,  Ashford,  Kent. 

LORAL     DECORATOR,    in    a    good 

Florist's  business,  or  to  MANAGE  Show  House.— Age 
26  ;  has  had  good  expesience  in  Ball-room  Decorations,  Bal- 
conies, &c.  Also  used  to  waiting  on  Customers.  Ten  years' 
references.  Good  character.  — E.  C,  West  Brighton  Nurseries, 
West  Brighton,  Sussex. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
-Old  Wounds.  Sores,  and  Ulcers.— Daily  experience 
confirms  the  fact  which  has  triumphed  over  all  opposition  for 
more  than  40  years,  viz  ,  that  no  means  are  known  equal  to 
HoUoway's  remedies  (or  Curing  Bad  Legs,  Bad  Breasts.  Sores, 
Wounds,  Diseases  of  the  J^kin,  Erysipelas,  Abscesses,  Bums, 
Scalds,  and,  in  truth,  all  maladies  where  the  skin  is  broken. 
To  cure  these  infirmities  quickly  is  of  primary  importance,  as 
compulsory  confinement  indoors  weakens  the  genera!  health. 
The  ready  means  of  Cure  are  found  in  HoUoway's  Ointment 
and  Pills,  which  Heal  the  Sores  and  expel  their  cause.  In  the 
very  worst  cases  the  Ointment  has  succeeded  in  effecting  a  perfect 
Cure  after  every  other  means  had  tailed  in  giving  adequate  relief. 


64 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


QULY    II,    iS 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    KOW,     LONDON,    E.O. 


Bijou  Greenhouses, 

Being  complete  OreenhouBes 

at  the  Price  of  Flant 

Frames. 

New  revised  PRICE  LIST  and 
full  particulars  Post-lree  on  appli- 
cation to  the  Original  DesigDcrs 
and  Manufacturers, 
OROMPTON  &  FAWKES 
(foimerlyT.H.  P.  Dennis&Co.), 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  OrFicE-Mansion  House 

Buildings,  £.C. 


\V.    H     lASCELIES    and    CO     «ill    give    - 
cveiy    dtsnipinn    of    HOk  1  ILULl  UR  AL    V\0«K,  liee  of 
charge,  and  sei.d  competent  Assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obiaitied  at 

121,  Bunhlll  Row,  and  35    Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  I  isis  of  Wooden  Bmldines,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conseivilorie^.  and  Cot^crete  SLbs  f.,r  wa.ls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-'ree  .  n  appl. cation. 


'Invincible" 

LAWN 
MOWER 


%L7^SSHeUSES8c»EATWG?i 


BW.^A^^«UBST 


LSU.  BEADTOKT  STKBET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.(^^''^ 


Stand  120.— Poyal  Show  at  Preston— stand  120. 

SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT. 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 


Horse  Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

Side  Delivery 

PRICES  (Including  Grass  Box). 

6  in.         7  in.         8-in.         gin.        lo-ir.        ism.        14  i-.         16  in. 

30s.    408.    503.    60s.    70s.    903     110s.    130s. 


First  Prize 

at  each  of  llie 

3  Great  Contests, 

BIRMIN'GH/IM, 
MANCHESTEit 
and    LONDJ.V. 


Is  the 

B  E  S  T 
in  the  Market 


150s.    170s.    1908. 


VIDE 
RESULTS 

CONTESTS. 

Side  Delivery. 
£23    £26    £30 


Sole   Makers:   JOHN    CROWLEY  &   CO.,   Sheffield. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER      HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STANJLEY    BRIDGE.     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 
Citalogues,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  wiited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

CONTBACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

_  UPPEE     GEOUND     STEEET,     LONDON,     S.E., 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

"~~  ----^  HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 


Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  i^th  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

"^    Hot-water  ard  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


HORTICULTURAL 
BUILDINGS 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 
ERECTED  and  HEATED. 


MESSENGER  &  CO  S  GREENHOUSES  are  constructed  so  as  to  obtain  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun.  [he  greatest  Strength  and  Rigidity. 

The  best  M  ilcnals  and  Workm  mship.  at  pnces  which,  owing  to  their  facilities,  dcly  competition. 

Three  Medals  awarded  to  Messenger  &  Co.  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1882.       Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  free.      Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  over  6o  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 

Forcing  Houses,  dr'c,  recently  erected  by  M.  Is^  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSBNG-BE 


COMPANY,      LOUGHBOEOUGH. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbi:rv,  Acnew.  ,<l  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
the  said  W  LLiAM  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturdav,  July  11,  1885. 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hevwood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Eduiburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaljlisijeti  1841. 


No.  603.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sSfiL}        SATURDAY,  JULY  iB,  iJ 


(Registered  at  the  General  I.     Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jposT-FREE,  $U. 


Acranthus  Leonis. 
Afghan  flora 

Auriculas,  double . 


Brougham  Hall  , 
Calanihe  natalensi 
Calochortus 


CONTENTS. 

80  I  Mushrooms  dangerous  un- 

77  I      less  fresh  . . 

78  i  New  garden  plants 
oglossum    macrospi- 


82, 


Children's  exhibitions  .. 
Cicada,  the  periodica!  . . 
Covent   Garden,    the   new 

flower  market     . . 
CucurbiU    in    the    Water 

Lily-house  at  Kew 
Cypripedium      Godefroyse 
•     var.  hemixanthina 
Epidendrum  punctulatum 
Fruit  crops,  remarks  on  the 
Galls  on  Orchid  roots      .. 
Govenia  sulphurea 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  the . . 
Hay  crop,  the 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
La:lia  anceps  Williamsi  . . 
Lettuce,  propagation  of  . . 
LihumBrowni_     .. 
Market  gardening 
Miltonia    spectabili; 


Oncidium  leucochilum    . . 
78  I  Orchids  at  home  . . 

82  „     in  British  Guiana  .. 
72         „     at    Brellargh    Holt, 

Milnthorpe 
8s         ,,     exhibiting 

Orchid-house,  the . . 

83  Periploca  graeca    . . 

72     Plants  and  their  culture  . . 
78     Potato,  the  origin  of 
85     Roses,  raising  from  eyes. . 
82     Sarracenia  Dnimmondi  . . 

Bexley  Heath  Horticul- 


EalinR,  Acton,  and  Han- 
well  Horticultural     . . 

Edinburgh  Botanical  . . 

Foot's  Cray  Valley  Hor- 
ticultural 

National    Rose,     Man- 


che! 


Royal  Caledoni 
ticultural 

Royal  Horticultural 
Tan,  manurial  uses  of 
Thunia  Ma'shalliana  ii 

phiebia  .. 
Water  Ram 
Weather,  th( 


Hor- 


aspersa     ..         ..  ..      70  '  Zygopetalum  lamii 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Aeranthus  Leonis  ■ .  ■ .  . .  . .  . . 

Covent  Garden,  New  Flower  Market 

Galls  on  Cattleya  Root 

,,     ,,     Dendrobium  Root 


JVOT/CE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 


'^Qi^  Reatiy,  in  cloth,  16s. 

"J^HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIIL.  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellmgton  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

SALTERHEBBLE  and  DISTRICT  ROSE 
SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  o!  ROSES  will  be  held  on 
THURSDAY,  July  23.    EnUies  Close  July  21.     Schedules  on 
application.  S^j^^  SEED.  Sec. 

Salterhebble,  Halifax. 

LIVERPOOL       HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION,     1885. 
The  SEVENTH  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS.  FLOWERS, 
FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES  wdl  be  held  in  Sefton  Patk  on 
SATURDAY  and  MONDAY,  August  i  and  3-     Entries  Close 

"tU^SIXTH  EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  FRUIT  will  be  held  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  24  and  25.  Schedules  on  application  to 

Huytoo.  Liverpool.  EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secretary. 

ROYAL      HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY  of  SOUTHAMPTON. 
ANNUAL  GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW.  SATURDAY  and 
MONDAY,  Aug.  i  and  3.    THREE  HUNDRED  and  FIFTY 
POUNDS  in  PRIZES.     All  persons  subscribine  not  less  than 
5».  are  entitled  to  compete  for  the  Prizes  free.     Entries  Close 

^t^k'suet' Thi  Avenue^';-  S-  FUIDGE,  Secretary. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE       HORTI- 
CULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The  GRAND  SUMMER  SHOW   will  be  held  at   North- 
ampton.  AUGUST  3  (Bank   Holiday).       For  best    12   Plants, 
iJta.  ;C6,  ;£3.      Entries  Close  July  25.     Schedules  and  full  par- 

'"s':'sheep°'st,ae..  Nor.han.pton.  A.  FORBES.  Sec. 

SHROPSHIRE     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  GREAT    SUMMER   SHOW  will  be  held  at  Shrews- 
buiT,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY.  August  19  and  20. 
TWENTY  PLANTS,  in  variety.  ^25,  {.to,  ^.3. 
Schedules  free  on  application  to 

ADNITT  AND  NAUNTON,  Hon.  Sees..  Shrewsbury. 


HULL  and  EAST  RIDING 
CHRY.SANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  SECOND  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will 
be  held  in  the  Artillery  Barracks,  Hull,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  November  iv  and  20.  Class  i,  ^i  Blooms,  ist  Prize, 
a  Silver  ChallenRe  Vase  value  Fifteen  Guineas  and  .£10  in 
money  ;  2d  Prize,  Ci  :  3d,  .£5  :  4th,  {i.  Class  2,  24  Blooms, 
ist  Prize,  li  ;  2d.  ij  ;  3d,  it  loi.  Schedules  are  now  ready, 
and  may  be  had  on  application  to 

R.  FALCONER  JAMESON,  and  1  „       c 

WM.  HAWk'SWORTM  >  Mon.  beCS. 


CARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CALCEO- 
LARIA.—For  particulars  of  Awards,  see  issue  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chranicle  for  June  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets. 
If.  6e/..  2 J.  hd.,  3J.  td.,  and  3J  ,  Post- free. 


CARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CINERARIA. 
—  For  particulars  of  Awards,  see  issue  of  the  Cardtners' 
Chronule  tot  June  20.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,  11.  6d., 
3S.  6d.,  3r.  6^,,  and  51,,  Post-free. 


CARTERS,  SEEDSMEN  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H.  R.  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  238.  High  Holborn, 
London.  W  C.  .    J/  J  .      6 

Roses,  &c. 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON  invite  inspection  of 
their  COLLECTION  of  ROSES,  which  is  now  in 
Fust  Bloom,  and  will  continue  blooming  throughout  the  summer 
and  autumn.  1  he  collection  is  this  year  rich  in  novelties.  The 
Ornamenul  Trees,  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Fruit  Trees  are  also 

WM,  PAUL  AND  SON,  Paul's  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross, 
adjoining  Wallham  Cross  Mation,  Great  Eastern  Railway. 

IJRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS^ PRIMULAS. 

*-  fine  phnt«,  ready  for  single  po  s,  of  the  same  well- 
cloured  and  large  flowerid  strains  we  nave  distributed  for 
lourleen  years,  ir.  ftd-  per  doz.    los   per  10^,  22r.  6d  for  250. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiinch  m, 
and  12.  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

PrTmULAS.— PRIM  ULAS.— PRIMULAS. 
Sixteenih  year  of  distribution. 
WILLIAMS'  SUPERB  STRAIN,  is.  id.  perdoz.,  loi.  per  too. 
CINERARIAS  same  price.     Pack.ige  and  carriage  free  for 
cash  with  order.      The  above  are  strong,  and  fit  lor  potting 
tnlo  3-inch  pots. 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries.  Coventry. 

Now  In  FuU  Bloom. 

BEGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 
senting an  unrivalled  Horal  display.  Visitors  are  cordially 
invited.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 
to  Catford  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 

LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

ELWAY'S        MODEL        CINERARIA, 

KELWAY'S  MODEL  PRIMULA, 
KELWAYS  MODEL  CALCEOLARIA, 

zs.  6d.  and  51.  per  packet. 
KELWAY  AND  SO.V.   Lancport,   Somerset. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13J.  6d. 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants 
(late  of  Eaton,  near  Norwich). 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  LUles,  &c. 

CG.  VAN   TUBERGEN,  Jua,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R  SILBEKRARD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  E.C. 

EUCHARIS  AMAZONIC/T FLOWERS.— 
Price  on  application. 
TURNER    BROS  ,    Nurserymen    and    Florists,    Allerton, 
Liverpool. 


K 


Now  Ready,  Strong  Plants  of 

FV.  RASPAIL,   the   best   winter-flowering 
•         Scarlet  Double  GERANIUM  for  Market. 
Price,  8r.  per  too,  .£3  loj.  per  1000.     Packed  and  put  on  rail. 
JAS.   HASLETT.   Florist,  Bolney.  Haywatd's  Heath.  Sussex. 

Rape  Seed. 
ENGLISHGROVVN  RAPE  SEED  FOR  SOWING. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.  have   the 
above   to  offer,  of  fine   quality.     Sample  and  piice  on 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants.  Sleaford. 


WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
are    open    to    RECEIVE     CONSIGNMENTS    of 
Choice  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 

QiTe^LC^H         and        barn  HAM, 

Long  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers. &c. 

QQUELCH         and         barn  ham, 

^v^     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


WANTED,  good  GERANIUM  CUT- 
TINGS of  Henry  Jacoby.  Master  Christine,  Vesuvius, 
Gold  and  Silver  Tricolors,  and  other  choice  Bedders.  Send 
samples  and  price  per  rooo  to 

DANIELS  BROS  ,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 


WANTED,    BUDS    of     ROSES,     A.     K. 
Williams,   Gloire  de   Dijon,  Lady  Mary  FitzwiUiam. 
Quantity  and  price  to 

HUGH  LOW  and  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


H 


Hydrangea  Otaksa.  In  flower. 
UGH   LOW  AND  CO.  offer  the  above; with 

fine  buds,  in  48-pot?,  50J.,  75J.,  icoi,  per  ico, 
Clapton  Nurser.  London,  E. 


To  the  Trade. 

EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
Our  first  consignment  of  these  has  arrived  in  splendid 
condition,  and  quite  up  to  specified  size.  We  shall  be  glad  to 
quote  lowest  special  price  upon  application. 

HURST  AND   SON,  Seed  Warehouse,    157,     Houndsditch, 
London,  E. 


NOTICE.  —  H.  COLLYER,  147,  Camden 
Road,  Tuntridge  Wells  (late  Propagator  to  T.  Cripps 
&  Son),  can  now  offer  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  and 
LANUGINOSA  CANDIDA,  strong  Plants,  iu  ^-inch  pots, 
at  60J.  per  loo,  C'5  per  icoo.    ■ 

Specimen  Roses.  In  pots  7  and  8  inches  diameter. 

W    JACKSON  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Bedale, 
•     have  a  few  PRIZE  ROSES,  as  above,  to  dispoie  ol, 
very  cheap,  at  i8j.  to  24^.  per  dor.      Particulars  on  application. 

FOR  SALE,  Cheap,  several  fine  Exhibition 
Plants-CROTON  lOHANNIS.  C.  FASCIATUS.  DIP- 
LADENI AS,  I XORAS, EUCHARIS. CLE RODENDRONS, 
Stc— D.  BLOODWORTH,   King^wood  Hill  Nursery,  Bristol., 

YE    NARCTSSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.  Price  is. 
BARR  and  SON.  King  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 
DUTCH  BULBS-Season  1SS5. 

WHY  pay  freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate  the  same  quality  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS.  Wholesale  Importer  or  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate,  E.C! 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
amplication.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  the  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

FECIAL  OFFER 

OF  GOOD  PLANTS. 
PALMS,  specially  hardy  grown,  Lalania  boibpnica  and 
Seaforthia  elegans,  20  inches  high,  12s.  per  dozen,  8ai.  per  xoo  ; 
Adiaotum  cuneatum,  5-inch  pots,  good  specimens,  91.  per 
dozen,  60s.  per  100  ;  strong  plants^  out  of  thumbs,  3^  per 
dozen,  181.  per  loa.  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA,  s-inch 
pots,  good  plants,  i8j.  per  dozen  ;  small  plants,  4J.  per  dozen, 
30J.  per  loo.  All  strong  healthy  plants. 
The  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill.  London,  N. 

HOLESALK  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on 
application. 

It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  kniw.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AMD  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
13,  E.veler  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

OMAN      HYACINTHS.  —  Early     Single 

White,  for  forcing,  first  size  Bulbs,  151.  per  lo^.     Special 
quotation  for  large  quantities. 

EAST     LOTHIAN     STOCK. -Splendid     strain,    Purple, 
White.  Scarlet,   Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  is.,  is.  6d., 
and  51.  per  packet. 
IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  so,  Waterloo  Place.  Edinburgh. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

SINGLE  DAFFODILS,  Scilla  campanulata, 
Star  of  Bethlehem,  good  sound  bulbs.  Samples  and  price  on 
application.— THOS.  PIPER  and  SON.  Maresfield.  Sussex. 

Berlin  Lily  of  the  Valley,  finest  Single  Blooming  Crowns  ; 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  &c.,  &c. 

ARIEMSCHNEIDER,  NURSERYMAN, 
•  Brandenburg-on-Havel,  by  Berlin,  Germany,  has  just 
published  his  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  the  above,  which 
may  be  obtained  post-free  from  his  Agents, 

Messrs.  F.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 
London,  E.C. 

East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    and    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  live  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  While  Wall-leaved,  at 
ij.,  zs.6d.,  &  51.  each  colour.   Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 

Helleborus  nlger  (Cbrlstmas  Rose). 
RIEMSCHNEIDER,      NURSERYMAN, 

el.  bv  Berlin,  having  an  immense 
in  offer  them  at  prices,  per  100  or 
See  CATALOGUE,  which  may 

AND  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 


A. 


Brandenburg, 
stock  of  these  useful  Planu,  a 
tooo,  which  defy  competition, 
be  obtained,  free  of 

Messrs.   R.  SILBERRAD 
London,  E.C. 

Strawberries  for  Present  Planting. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S     Descriptive    and 
Priced  CATALOGUE  can  be  had  on  application. 
The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  y^.        Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVtL  andSON. 

Strawberry    Growers,     Driffield. 


66 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


July  iS,  1S85. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Tuesday  Next. 

IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  in  ^i.lendid  condition, from  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co-,  comprising  Lselia  albida, 
enormous  masses:  L.  anceps,  the  very  dark  form;  L.  aullim- 
naUsatrorubens;OdontoglossumDomini3num,0.  madrense  ; 
Oncidium  tierinum,  O.  Krametianum  ;  Epldendrum  vitelli- 
num  majus,  and  others  ;  a  tew  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS,  impoitation  from  New  Zealand  of  New  Seeds, 
consisting  of   Eucalyptus  of  sorts,  Alsophilas,  Iris  Robin- 

M'eSSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY 
NEXT,  July  21,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next, 
CATTLEYA  MOSSI.1i.  fine  masses;  PESCATOREI 
CERINA,  ONCIDIUM  TRICUSPIDATUM,  COM- 
PAKETTIA  FALCATA,  MASDEVALHAS,  DEN- 
DRODIUMS,  Mexican  ORCHIDS  and  others,  and 
600  Bulbs  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  V.  Sander  to  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  CenttiJ  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  24,  at  half-past  12  oClock 
precisely 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids  —Special  Sale 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS,  m  Flower  and  in  Bud.  will  take  place  on 
TUESDAY,  July  2S,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  receive 
Notice  of  Entries  as  early  as  possible. 


Whetstone.  Middlesex— Preliminary  Notice. 
The  well-known  FREEHOLD  PROPERTY,  distinguished  as 
the  Whetstone  Nurseries,  or  New  Lodge,  Whetstone, 
carried  on  so  successfully  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  by  the 
present  proprietors,  comprising  about  5  Acres  of  LAND, 
Thirty-four  superiorly  erected  GREENHOUSES,  with 
nearly  4  miles'  run  of  HOT- WATER  PIPING,  a  sub- 
stantially-built Twelve-roomed  DETACHED  RESI- 
DENCE, and  numerous  other  TRADE  BUILDINGS; 
also  13  Acres  of  valuable  Freehold  Building  LAND  adjoin- 
ing, opposite  Oakleigh  Park,  and  10  minutes'  walk  from 
Totteridge  Sution. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  The  Mart.  London.  EX.,  at  an  E.ARLY  DATE, 
the  above  very  VALUABLE  PROPERTY,  in  three  lots,  by 
order  of  Messrs.  Davis  &  Son,  in  consequence  of  failing  health 
of  Mr.  Davis,  Jun. 

Particulars  and  Plans  will  be  ready  in  due  course,  and  can  be 
obtained  at  the  Auctioneers'  Office. 


Thursday  Next  —(Sale  No.  6942.) 
VALUABLE     IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  July  23,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine 
impjrtation  of  PERlSTERIA  ELATA.  wonderful  pieces; 
immense  masses  of  CATTLEYA  SKINNERI,C.D0W1  ANA, 
in  extra  condition  ;  L.-ELIA  PURPURATA,  L.  ANCEPS 
STELLA,  and  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


WANTED,  to  RENT,  at  ONCE,  about  an 
Acre  of  LAND,  or  a  Large  GARDEN,  with  Ghrss  ; 
also  a  COTTAGE,  suitable  for  a  Florist,  about  12  miles  from 

FLORIST,    Gardeners'    Chronicle    Office,    4;,   Wellington 


Street,  Strand.  W,C. 


T 


FOR  DISPOSAL,  a  GARDENER'S, 
FLORIST'S,  and  CARriNG  BUSINESS.  Genuine 
old-establiiihed  concern,  in  rising  high-class  neighbourhood.  Ill- 
health  cause  of  selling.  Incoming  all  at  ;iC65o,  including  stock, 
2  Horses,  Van,  and  2  Tip  Carts. 

Furlher  particulars  of  HERBERT  DRAKE,  3  doors  from 
the  "Prince  ofWales,"  Hajrow  Road,  Paddiogton,  W. 

O  BE  DISPOSED  OTjasmaUNURSERY, 

consisting  of  4  Greenhouses,  of  about  2000  feet  of  Glass, 
large  Garden  of  about  an  acre,  and  good  Shop  in  main  thorough- 
fare. Held  as  a  yearly  tenant.  Together  with  the  business  of 
a  Seedsman.  Fruiterer,  and  Greengrocer,  to  which  might  be 
added  that  of  a  Jobbing  Gardener,  in  a  rapidly  rising  neighbour- 
hood, 9  miles  north  of  Covent  Garden,  with  Horse  and  Carts, 
add  all  appliances  for  carrying  on  the  above.  Advertiser  re- 
moving to  larger  premises,  the'reason  of  disposing  of  the  same. 
Apply  on  the  premises,  to  J.  W.  WOODHALL.  Seedsmin, 
Floriftt,  and  Fruiterer.  High  Road,  Whetstone.  Nearest  Kail- 
way  Station,  Woodside  Park,  High  Barnet  Line. 

Gardening. 
O    BE    DISPOSED    OF,     the    Business, 

Greenhouses,  Tools,  &c.,  of  a  Jobbing  Gardener.    Death 
cause  of  lotting. 
80,  St.  John's  Wood  'I'errace,  N.W. 

California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  .nnd  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  ^T.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  ^tg,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Capital  Old-fashioned  Garden. 

TO  BE  LET,  FAMILY  RESIDENCE, 
facing  Claphani  Common,  having  advantages  of  the  above 
nature  not  to  be  found  in  connection  with  a  modern  builder's 
house,  and  with  but  few  houses  within  so  short  a  drive  of  the 
City  and  West  End.  Good  accommodation  for  a  family.  House 
much  improved  and  modernised  of  late  years.  Stabling,  Cow- 
house, Fowhhouses,  &c..  Vineries,  Stove.house,  Rose-house,  and 
Melon  Grounds.  Worthy  the  attention  of  any  one  who  can 
appreciate  a  good  old  garden. 

Messrs.  M'LACHLAN  and  SONS,  Clapham  Common  ; 
and  Messrs.  DEBENHAM,  TEWSON,  FARMER,  and 
BRIDGEWATFR,  3j,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

TO  LET  (16  miles  from  London),  a 
NURSERY  of  4  Acres,  with  3  Greenhouses.  S.roomed 
House,  Stabling,  and  Shed  accommodation.  Rent  ;^50.  Price 
for  stock,  lease,  &c.,  ;£400. 

Apply,  R.  L.,  Gardemrs'  Chronicle  Ofiice,  41.  Wellineton 
Street,  Suand,  W.C. 


PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  London.  E.C,  and  at  Leytoo- 
stone,  E.      Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat,    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post. freest  every  _Hortjcultural  Requi 


Plai 


Old  Kent  Road,  S,E.    Established  1854. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE  (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.        KELWAV  and  SON,  Langport,  Sc 


pCELOGYNE     CRISTATA.— Si.x    Pans    of 

V-^     the    above    for     sale.       Average    forty    growths     each. 
Guaranteed  clean  and  in  perfect  health.     No  reasonable  ofler 

j.  EASTER.  Ralhdaire.  Monasterevao,  Ireland. 

TgHTy" THOUSAND  "CLEMATIS     in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  ihade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddiner,  from  i2r.  to  -i^s.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  apphcation. 

RICHARD    SMITH     and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


To  BE  SOLD,  CHEAP, 
a  SMALL  COLLECTION  of  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  including  a  very  fine  ALLAMANDA  in 
flower,  STEPHANOTIS.HOYACARN()SA,ioo  EUCHARIS 
AMAZONICA  CANDIDA,  PANCRATIUM  FRAGRANS, 
too  Maideiihau^  KERNS.  130  CYCLAMEN,  good  strain  ; 
DRACAENAS,  two  dozen  GARDENIAS,  Pot  ROSES,  good 
sorts  ;  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  from 
I  to  6  feet  high  ;  four  dozen  GERANIUMS,  double  White, 
Heroine,  and  several  others.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

Mr.    W.    MAY,   Gardener,  Vine   Cottage,  Navatino  Road, 
Hackney.  E. 

WHOLESALE     BULB      CATALOGUE. 
Contains  List  of  all  varieties  of  English,  Dutch,  and 
French  grown  Bulbs,  including  the  following  :  — 
ANEMONES,  all  the  best  varieties. 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILLI/E,  charming  blue  spring  flower. 
CROCUS,  all  named  varieties,  and  mixed. 
FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA,  beautiful  white  sweet-scented 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Christmas  Rose.  [Cape  bulb. 

HYACINTHS,  all  colours,  named,  for  pot,  glasses,  or  bedding. 
IRIS,  all  the  best  varieties 
IXI.AS,  handsome  showy  spring  flowers. 
LILIES,  all  the  leading  named  sorts. 
NARCISS,  Poly.inthus  varieties. 
NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS,  in  forty  varieties. 
SCILLAS  and  SNOWDROPS,  including  the  newest  varieties 
TULI  PS,  Double  and  Single,  in  great  variety.      Lof  the  latter. 
WINTER  ACONITES,  bright  yellow,  the  first  bulb  to  bloom 
alter  Christmas. 

May  be  had  on  application.   Please  compare  our  prices  before 
sending  your  orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AND    SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SOMETHING    WORTH    HAVING. 


AOUILEGIA      6LANDUL08A, 

Grij^or's  Glandular  Columbine  (true). 

"  Respecting  our  variety  of  Aquilegia  or  Columbine,  Dr. 
Lindley,  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle^  said; — "The  plant  is 
perhaps  the  handsomest  hardy  perennial  in  cultivation  ;  its 
stems  rise  about  2  feet  high,  and  sometimes  carry  from  50  to 
80  blossoms.  We  have  a  plant  now  before  us  which.  aJter  a 
journey  from  Scotland,  has  11  expanded  flowers,  each  3'i  inches 
in  diameter,  with  broad,  thiOi  delicate,  spreading  sepals,  of  the 
deepest  ultramarme-blue  surrounding  5  short  petals,  the  upper 
part  of  which  is  pure  white,  resting  on  an  azure  ground.  Ihe 
effect  is  beautiful  m  the  extreme,  and  no  description  that  we  have 
formerly  given  of  it  has  done  justice  to  its  exquisite  appearance. " 

Having  sent  a  specimen  of  this  Columbine  to  the  Editor  of 
the  Gardener'.'  Magazine,  he  says  (June  10,  1870)  :— "  If  we 
could  favour  our  readers  with  a  sight  of  a  bunch  of  flowers  we 
have  now  before  us,  a  few  of  them  would  exclaim,  'Prodigious  !' 

'Wonderful''    'Glorious!'    and  so  forth We  are 

bound  to  be  cautious  in  the  employment  of  the  language  of 
eulogy,  but  we  shall  probably  be  quite  safe  in  saying  that  there 
is  not  in  cultivation  a  finer  hardy  herbaceous  plant  than  Grigor*s 
variety  of  A.  glandulosa,  the  Glandular  Columbine.  The  plant 
is  robust,  handsome,  and  leaty  ;  the  flowers  are  produced  in 
great  profusion  ;  they  average  1%  inches  in  diameter  :  the 
sepals  deep  ultramarine-blue,  the  corolla  pure  white  with  blue 
spot  .at  the  base  of  each  petal,  remarkably  elegant,  distinct,  and 
refined, at  the  same  time  showy  almost  to  a  fault.  We  advise  all 
who  appreciate  first-class  hardy  plants  to  secure  this  Forres 
edition  of  an  old  favourite." 

Now  Ready. 

Price  for  Strong  Flowering  Plants,  carriage  paid, 
€iS.  per  dozen,  or  2  dozen  for  lor.,  likcivise  carriage  paid. 


JOHN    GRIGOR    &    CO., 

THE      N  URSERIES,      FORRES. 

EARLY   WHITE    ROMAN    HYACINTHS. 
B.    S.    WILLIAMS 

Takes   tire  opportunity  of  announcing   that   l.e   has 

received  his  annual  consigninents  of  the  above  Bulbs, 

which  are  invaluable  for  early  forcing,  and  solicits  Early 

Orders,  which  will  have  prompt  and  immediate  attention. 

Tlic  Bulls  arc  unexceplionally  fine  this  year. 


New  Turnip  Seed. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.   have   to 
offer,    of    crop    1S85,     their    choice    selected   stocks   of 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sloaford. 


HWATERER,  Importer  of  Plants  and  Bulbs, 
•  3Scg,PoweIton  Avenue, Philadelphia.  Pa  .U.S.  A. .offers: 

PAMPAS  PLUMES,  fresh  white,  for  fall  1885,  all  picked, 
18  to  24  inches,  S3  per  100.  §25  per  loco;  24  to  30  inches,  S6 
per  100,  $io  per  1000  :  30  to  56  inches.  S  ic  per  100,  SSo  per  loco  ; 
36  inches  and  upwards.  ?I5  per  100,  Sioo  per  100:). 

LILIUMS  (orders  for  these  mmt  not  arrive  later  than 
Sept.  1)  :— columbianum.  Sio  per  too,  3!o  per  1000;  parda- 
linnm,  true.  S15  per  100,  ?tio  per  1000;  pardalinum  var. 
pubellum,  §14  per  ico.  ?  100  per  1000  ;  parvum,  ?25  per  100,  Sico 
per  1000  ;  Humboldtii,  S'S  per  loo,  Sioo  pei  1000:  Washing- 
tonianum,  $25  per  lOo,  Szod  per  1000.     Very  fine  picked  bulbs. 

Ferns.— Ferns.— Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUiM,  A.  STRICIUM,  LOMARIA  GIBBA. 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA,  nice  Plants,  m  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  20t.  per  100,  jCq  per  icoc. 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  301.  per  100. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  4^  and  5-inch 
pots,  40J.  and  SOS.  per  lOD. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


VICTOEIA    AND    PARADISE    NURSERIES, 
UPPER  HOLLOWAV,  LONDON,  N. 


TecopliUaea. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurserymen, 
•  Seedsmen,  and  Floeists.  Haarlem,  Holland,  are 
now  ready  to  send  out  good  cultivated  flowering  Bulbs  of  this 
splendid  and  rare  beauty  for  the  early  spring.  Such  bulbs  are 
much  to  be  preferred  to  the  f>eshly  introduced  ones. 

E.  H.  K.  &  Son  supply  such  Bulbs  free  to  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland.  No  charge  for  package  when  remittance  with  Orders 
is  sent  in  Post-bills  or  Cheques. 

TECOPHIL.T.ACYANOCROCUS,  6s.  each,  6oJ.perdoz. 
,,    ,,     LEICHTLINI,  6s.  each,  60s.  pel  doz 
„     „    VIOLACEA,  splendid  novelty,  us.  6</.  each. 

Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  in  Spring. 

ROEMER'S   Superb  Prize  PANSY   SEED. 
The  best  Pansy  Seed  in  the  World. 
EANCY  VARIETIES,  saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  los.  per  ounce,  kd.  per  packet. 
SHOW  VARIETIES,   saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  5s.  per  ounce,  dd.  per  packet. 
FANCY  and  SHOW  VARIETIES,  fine,  mixed,  3s.  per  ounce, 

3'/.  per  packet. 
ASSORTMENT  of  18  splendid  distinct  varieties,  containing 

CAREFULLY  SAVED  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers, 

of  all  varieties,  splendid,   mixed,  highly  recommended, 

IS  6ii.  per  1000  seeds,  6d.  per  packeL 
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED   SHOW  VARIETIES,   new  and 

distinct,  flowers  up  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  51.  per  1000 

seeds,  is.  per  packet.     My  Pansy  gained  the  First  Piiie 

at  Ihe  Exhibition  at  Berlin.  1S84. 
GIGANTIC     FLOWERS,      FANCY    VARIETIES,     very 

choice  collection,    10s.  per  1000  seeds,  is.  dd.  per  packet. 

Awarded  First  Prize  Berlin  Exhibition,  1884. 
For  Separate  Sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  forwarded  Post-free 
on  application. 

FRED.  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 

To  the  Trade  only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurseymen, 
.  SsECSMEN,  and  Florists,  Haarlem,  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No.  379A)  of  Dutch  Flower  Ronts  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  luberous.rooted  Plants  for  i8S5-86,is 
now  ready,  andmay  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  Nursery- 
men, Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extract  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
8vo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specially.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
.*re  considerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  inferior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  published. 

SHEPPERSON,     Florist,    Prospect 

•  House.  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  following, 
of  winch  he  makes  a  specl.ilty  : — 

primulas  !  PRIMULAS  !  !  PRIMULAS  !  !  !-Grand 
premier  prize  strain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as  White,  Carmine, 
Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  ;  fine  large  trusses  and 
beautifully  fringed  flowers.  Strong  plants,  to  bloom  well, 
IS.  2d.  per  dozen;  extra  strong,  is.  6d..  all  free. 

CINERARIAS!  CINERARIAS!!  CINERARIAS!!! 
—  Bull's  celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf  compact  habit,  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
js.  3r/.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  is.  fir/.,  all  free. 

CYCLAMEN!  CYCLAMEN!!  CYCLAMEN  GIGAN- 
TEUM  !  !  !— Grand  prize  strain,  warranted.  All  the  finest  new 
colours,     is   6d.,  free  :  extra  strong,  2S.,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper, 
Derbyshire. 


By  Special  Warrant. 
"Superb  SEEDS  for  PRESENT  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
IS.  6d  ,  2s.  6d.,  3s.  6d.,  and  5s.  each.  Double  German  WALL- 
FLOWER,  superb  strain,  is.  per  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
D.rrk  Blood.red  WALLFLfJWER,  6d.  and  is.  ner  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "  Spring  Gardening." 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  lor  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  and  Post  free.  Seeds  and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     and     SONS, 

108,    EASTGATE    STREET.    CHESTER. 

ERMAN      BUDDENBORG,      Bulb 

Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBORG  Bros.),  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  for  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  san:e  protection  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  free  on  demand. 


July  iS,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


67 


Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 
Bush  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 


At  the  above-named  Nurseries  are  cultivated,  in  unusually 
large  quantities.  Azaleas.  Bouvardias,  Camellias,  ClimbinR 
Plants,  Cyclamen,  Epacris,  Ericas,  Kerns,  Ficus,  Flowering 
and  Decorative  Plants  in  variety;  Fruit  Trees,  Gardenias, 
Genistas,  Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety  ;  Palms, 
Pelargoniums,  Rhododendrons,  Roses,  Shrubs,  Stove  Plants 
in  variety.  &c. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY,— The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

The  glass  structures  cover  an  area  of  upwards  of  237,000  feet 
superficial. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 


R      O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  \%s.  to  36j'.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


FERNS   A  SPECIALTY. 

Hundreds  of  Thousands  ol 

FERNS    AND    SELAGINELLAS, 

for  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Cultivation,  and  Outdoor  Ferneries. 

ABRIDGED       CATALOGUE 

of  over  r20o  Species  and  Varieties  free  on  application. 
LARGE   CATALOGUE  (price  Is.),  containing  75  Illustra- 
tions   of_  Ferns   and    Selaginellas,    valuable    "Hi 
Culture,"  and  other  useful  and  interesting  informat 


Fern 


W.     &    J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN  NURSERY.   SALE.    MANCHESTER. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883. 

Now  being  sent  out  at  -js.  61/.   and  loj.  6/.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 


OUR    BEGONIAS. 

We  hold  much  the  largest  and  finest  stock  in 
Europe,  which  enables  us  to  offer  Plants  show- 
ing flowers  at  greatly  reduced  prices.  The  dis- 
play bcth  in  and  ouside  our  houses  is  a  grand 
sight.  Send  for  a  Catalogue. 

IVY-LEAF         PELARGONIUM 
"MADAME   THIBAUT." 

Much  the  finest  of  this  class  ever  seen. 
First-class  Certificate.  Double  as  any  Rose. 
Plants,  showing  flower,  3^-.  each,  post-free. 


H.  'CANNELL   &    SONS, 


»&ttcip^^^«ti>MiWE|? 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4if.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25s.  ;  truck  {loose,  about  2  tons), 

\os. :  4-bushel  bags,  t^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.    U.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  25.C.  ;  sacks,  \d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUb  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  r,i.  per  bushel ;  15s.  per  half 
ton.  s6r.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4^.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  M.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G   SMYTH.  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 

Drury  Lane  (lately  called  i7A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

IflBROUb  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c. ,  .£6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI BROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  155. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  s  Bags.  22s.  td.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  10s.  td.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  S2S.  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough  Station,  Hants. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous  ..  41.  kd.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20s. 
PE.AT.  best  black  fibrous  ..v<>d.  „  5  sacks  for  13s. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  f,i.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .  -| 
PREPARED  COMPOST.best  ( 
LEAF  MOULD,  bestonly  ..     (  "• 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3rf.  per  bosh.,  I2j.  half  ton,  221  ton. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only  ..         ..  is.  por  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported  ..  Si/,  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (SpJci.rlini)    So'.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milhrack  ..     ss.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  ifiecial  process), 
each  ;  10  sacks,  9s,  ;  js  sacks,  13s. '.  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 


>  per  bush,  (sacks  included). 


30  i 


.cks,  25s;  40  sacks,   30s.     1  ruck-load.  loose,  free 

Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
i  only,  2S.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 


CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 
Notice. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE:  newly 
made.— Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2:s,  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
t4S.  ;  forty,  25s.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cashwith 
o.ders.-;.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoanut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Stieet,  Battersea,  S.W. 


GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES,  as 
supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. — Fresh  Cocoa- Nut  Fibre 
Refuse,  4  bushel  bags,  u.  each  ;  30  for  25^.— bags  included 
Two-Ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail.  25J.  Best  Brown  Fibrous  Kent 
Peat,  5^.  per  sack  ;  5  for  22^.  ^d.  ;  10  for  35J.  ;  20  for  60s  Best 
Black  Fibrous  Peat,  41.  60".  par  sack  ;  5  for  20J.  ;  10  for  30s 
Coarse  Bedford  Sand.  i-t.  td.  per  bushel  ;  141.  per  J4  ton  25^ 
per  ton.  SPECIALITE  TOBACCO  PAPER.  lorf.  per  lb 
28  lb.,  IIS.  ;  cwl.,  70X.  Second  qiiahtv.  id.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb  i6,s 
Finest  Tobacco  Cloth,  Zd,  per  lb  :  =3  lb.  for  \%s.  Leaf  mould 
5i.  per  sack.  Peat  Mould,  41.  per  sack.  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam 
IS.  per  sack.  Charcoal,  us.  td.  per  bushel.  Bones,  Guino 
Sphagnum,  &c.  LIST  free.  Speci.il  prices  to  the  Trade  for 
cash.  W.  HERBERT  and  CO., 

Hop   Exchange   Warehouses,    Southwark   Street    S  E 
(near  London  Bridge). 

A      GREAT      SXTCCESS. 

JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND," 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  according  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  watering-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &o. 

Price,  3s.  fid.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40-gallon  Casks, 
(,1,  los.     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO.   (Limited), 

43.  Cannon  Street.  London,  E.G. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  t  to  i  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  ics.  dd. 

(^  ISHURSTINE  keeps  Kootsdry  and  soft  on 

VJ  wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


Koshers  Garden  Edging  TUes 


HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

are     made    in    mateiials    ot     g  eat    durability       The 
plainer    sorts   a  e     pec  ally    .^  -^^nvf 
suited  for  K  I  I  L  H  E  N 
GARDENS    a     lh«y  har 
hour    no    SI  or  Ins  cts 

take  up  1  ttle  roo  n  and 
once  put  down  ncur  no 
further  labour  or  expense 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artihcial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  supeiior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES. 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  ^s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

I.arders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  duect  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 


A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON 

(Limited), 

Smithfield   Ironworks,   Leeds, 

And  Surrey  Works.  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E. 

Horticultural  Engineers  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen, 
CALL      SPECUL      ATTE.VTW.V       TO      THEIR 

PATENT 

WROUGHT  -  IRON     TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER   BOILERS, 

And  others  with  SHELVES,  and  Hollow  or  Ordinary  Cast-iron 
GRATE  BARS  ; 

SADDLE    BOILERS, 

Wiih    WATERWAY    BACKS,  and  WELDED   BOILERS. 
which  are  Specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhouses,  Conser- 
vatories, Churches,  Chapels,  Schools,  Public  Buildings,  Entrance 
Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c. 
They  are  ike  neatest,  clteapest,  most  elective,  ami  durable 

of  any  extant. 
The  Tubular  ones  are  remarkable    for  their  great   heating 
power,  slow  combustion,  and  the  length  of  time  the  fire  will 
burn  without  requiring  attention.     This  pattern 

Had  the  First  and  Highest  Prize,  a  SUver  Medal, 

Awarded  to  it  at  ike  Royal  HnrikuUural  Society's  E  xhibition 
^0  tth  I  tun  i^ton   Lonion   onjune  %   i88t 


The  Jo7if},ai  of  HorticSfliure  of  June  9  says  .— 
"  Heating  Apparatus  —A  great  number  of  boilers,  valves, 
&c.,  were  exhibited  by  eipht  competitors,  and  considerable  in- 
terest was  manifested  in  the  verdict  of  the  judges,  and  much 
discussion  was  brought  to  bear  on  the  merits  and  shortcomings 
of  the  different  boilers.  The  apparatus  for  which  the  Silver 
Medal  was  awarded  was  a  wrought-iron  saddle  boiler,  with  a 
series  of  intersecting  tubes,  somewhat  in  the  form  of  a  letter  X, 
but  the  tubes  in  ogee  form,  in  the  crown  of  the  boiler.  Most 
gardeners  who  examined  the  boiler  expressed  a  favourable 
opinion  of  it.  It  is  no  doubt  a  quick  and  powerful  boiler  with- 
out being  complex,  the  latter  condition  having,  no  doubt,  had 
weight  with  the  judges." 

The  Garden  of  June  n  says  ! — 
"The  premier  prize,  a  Silver  Medal,  was  taken  by  Messrs. 
Green  &  Son  for  their  new  patent  tubular  saddle  boiler.  It  is  a 
modification  of  their  original  patent,  the  boiler  being  longer  and 
not  so  high.  It  is  found  to  be  a  powerful  and  efficient  boiler,  and 
heats  a^  large  quantity  of  water  quickly  with  a  small  consumption 

Descriptive  Illustrated  Price  List  may  be  had  free  on  application. 
Estimates  given  for  all  kinds  of  Heating  Apparatus-,  and  Hot- 
water  Fittings  of  every  variety  supplied  on  the  shortest  notice. 
Galvanised  Iron  Cisterns,  from  ^d.  to  is.  6d.  per  gallon. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

'  r  Preserving  Ironwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Ulark.) 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  pa  nt  on 
ill  outdoor  wo  k  while  u  is  fully  two  th  rds  cheaper  It  is 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requires  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  td.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  \s.  €d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 
"  Pierce  field  Park,  June  21,  1876.— Sir,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Paik,  Chepstow. — I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox." 

CA  L/T/ON.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  and  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staffordshire  ; 
irS,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  196,  St.  Vincent 
Street,  Glasgow. 


68 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  iS,  i8 


Aj'pointed  by  Royal  Warrant  Makers  to 

Her  Majesty  tbe  Queen  and  His  Rojal  Highness  the 

Prince  of  Wales. 

GREEN'S 

PATENT 

"  Silen?  Messor"  and  "  Multum  in  Parvo" 

LAWN  MOWERS 

Have  been  proved  to  be  the  best,  and  they  have  carried  oflf  every 

'  1  awn  Mower  is  guaranteed  tn  eive  entire  satisfaction, 
tiicy  maybe  .elurned  AT  ONCE,  free  ol 


HAND    MACHINES, 

SN    '^  "silens  MesEor  '  Pattern. 


nd  Hjrse 

GREENS    PATENT 

MTJLTUM  IN  PARVO ' 

MOWER. 

Suitable  for  Small  Grass  Plats. 

iseful  Machine. 

Prices   withGt: 


»ell  adapted 
rges  round  flower 
handy,  serviceable 


GREEN'S  PATENT 
GRASS    EDGE    CLIPPER. 

With  Chain  and  Wheel  Motion, 
ieful  Machme. 

Price,  £1  163. 

Packing  Case,  2j. 


GREEN'S    PATENT 

(No.  J„2) 

LAWN    TENNIS 

COURT    MARKER. 

Price  203. 

Small  Bag  of  Marking  Corapo 
on.  Mat,  and  Packmg 


-'^■L^^y-^i,., 


Price  List  free  on  application. 

The  above  Machines  can  be  had  of  all  respectable  Iron- 
mongers aid  Seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom,  or  direct  from 
the   Manu'aclurers. 

THOMAS  GBEEN  &  SON 

(LIMITED), 

SMITHFIELD  IRONWORKS,  LEEDS  ■  and 

SURREY  WORKS,  BLACKFRIARS  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.E. 

Carriage  paid  to  all  the  Principal  Railway  Stations  in 
the  United  Kingdom. 


PRIMULAS-PRIMULAS-PRIMULAS. 

PRINCESS  LOUISE,  fine  fleshy  white,  of  great  substance,  the  finest  white  Primula  extant.     20  Seeds,  2^.  6d. ; 


MARQ,UIS  of  LORNE,  fine  purple-crimson,  immense  s 

30  Sfeds,  2s.  6d, 

The  above  Primulas  have  been  cirefully  selected, 


;e  and  substance.     The  finest  Primula  of  this  colour, 
nd  much  finer  than  when  originally  introduced. 


CARTER'S  BLUE,  novd  colour.     20  Seeds,  Qs.6d. 

We  have  just  harvested  a  fine  lot  of  the  above  Primulas,  the  seed  was  selected  and  gathered  by  Mr.  RosC,  who 
rriised  (during;  the  time  he  was  with  the  late  Mr.  Tomkins)  Marquis  of  Lome,  Princess  Louise,  Emperor,  and  the 
(Jueen,  which  may  fairly  claim  to  be  the  four  best  Primulas  in  cultivation. 

One  remarkable  characteristic  of  these  Primulas  is  that  while  most  Primulas  degenerate  after  the  first  few  spikes 
of  bloom,  the  sorts  raised  by  Mr.  Rose  invariably  improve  on  2-year  or  3-year  old  plants,  whilst  the  other  kinds  are 
generally  useless  after  the  first  year. 

POPE       &       SONS, 

KING'S  NORTON;    120,  121,  and  122,  MARKET  HALL,  and  3,  GREAT  WESTERN 
ARCADE,  BIRMINGHAM. 


PRINCE'S 

IMPROVED  EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE. 

Od.  fcr  Packet^  or  free  by  Post^  7  stamps, 

S">\\  for  earliest  Spi in  r  Crops,  from  middle  to  end  of  July,  and  trans- 
plmt  first  week  in  October;  also,  sow  again  from  March  till  June  for 
successions  during  Sununer  and  Autumn. 

This  is  generally  udmitted  to  be  the  quickest  and  best  flavoured 
kind  in  its  early  formation  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  and.  if  left, 
will  form  a  large  handsome  Cabbage  in  June  ;  at  the  same  time  it  is  a 
variety  less  liable  to  run  to  seed  than  any  other  grown, 


GEORGE  PRINCE,  Seedsman  and  Rose  Grower, 
14,   Market   Street,    OXFORD. 


To    Orchid   Amateurs,    Herbarists,    Collectors    of 
Natural   History   Specimens,   &c. 


Mr.  F.  C.  LEHMANN, 

OF     POPAYAN     (CAUCA),     U.S.     OF     COLOMBIA, 

Who  has  travelled  for  pver  9  years  in  Central  and  South  America,  has  established  himself  in 
the  above  place  to  continue  his  labours. 


Genllemen  desirous  to  complete  or  enlarge  their  Collections  Jroni  that  part 
of  South  America  may  direct  their  Letters  to  POPAYAN. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF  FRUIT  TREES  AND   ROSES. 


THOMAS  RIVERS  &  SON 

Invite  those  interested  in  the  above  to  visit  their  establishment.  The  Fruit  Houses  for  the 
growth  of  PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  GRAPES,  CHERRIES,  FIGS,  ORANGES,  &c.,  are 
now  full  of  Fruit  in  various  stages,  and  will  continue  to  be  of  great  interest  until  the  end  of  September. 

Many  thousands  of  PYRAMID,  BUSH,  and  CORDON  TREES  are  Grown  and  Fruited 
out-of-doors.  A  large  stock  of  the  best  ROSES  will  be  in  flower.  Full  information  will  be  given 
of  our  various  methods  of  cultivation. 

The  Nurseries  are  situate  between  the  Harlow  and  Sawbridgeiuorth  Stations,  Great  Eastern 
Railway,  each  i  ?nile  distant,  and  conveyances  7nay  be  secured. 


SAWBRIDGBWOKTH,  HERTS. 


July  i8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


69 


^EBBS; 

EMPEROR   CABBAGE, 

The  Best  Variety  in  Cultivation, 

6d  and  Is.  per  packet. 
78.   per  Pound,   Post-free. 


IHr.  J.  MUIR,  In  the  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture" of  May  24,  says:  — 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures   70  feet  by  50  feet,  and  here 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.      The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  Is 
WEBBS'  EMPEROR. " 


EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  Pe) 
ENFIELD  MARKET 
EARLY  RAINHAM 
EARLY  DWARF  YORK   ,. 
LARGE  RED  DUTCH 


ONION. 


Webbs'  New  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
White  Italian  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Giant  Rocca  

White  Lisbon        

White  Spanish  or  Reading  .. 


All  Garden  Seeds  Free  by  Post  or  Rail. 

Fi-.'r  ft'  Crut.  Dtiomntpr  Cmh. 


WEBB      &      SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

WORDSLEY,    STOURBRIDGE. 


The  Livepool 
Horticultural   Co, 


(John  Cowan),  Limited, 


GRAPE  VINES.o^'- 


TEA 


I 

avi- 

his  seas 

n  a  stock  of 

GRAPE 

VINES 

nev 

cr  be 

n  surpassed,  if  indeed 

equ 

ailed 

Inteodir 

g  purchasers 

requ 

sted  to 

ome  and  see 

the 

n  du 

ing  the 

growing  sea- 

son 

The    Black 

Hamburghs 

for  fruilin 

K  in  Pots 

are  especially 

fine 

anc 

the  ent 

re  stock  are 

(ron 

this  seas 

on.    Planting 

Cm 

I.  and    7 

.   dd.    each  ; 

Fru 

ting 

Canes, 

oj.   6d.    and 

n  I  )  S  r  S  'arge  stock  of  TEA  and  NOl' 
'*^  *-'  ^'^'SETTE  ROSES,  comprising 
all  the  leading  varieties.  The 
plants  are  healthy  and  in  good 
condition  for  sending  out.  12J  , 
i8j.,  and  t^s.  per  dozen. 

AM      I  I      n      r  COWAN'S        VINE        and 

1\  U  ti  t  .^""^^^  ^''^^^^^"  "^^'^ '^ 


ORCHIDS. 


The  Comoany  have  a  large 
stock  of  established  and  Impor- 
ted ORCHIDS,  all  in  fine  con- 
dition, and  they  are  constantly 
receiving  fresh  importations 
from  various  parts  of  the  world. 

f  to  the  Trade. 


THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    LIVERPOOL. 

R  O  S  K  S. 


The  Largest  Rose  Nurseries  in  the  World, 

A  visit  is  respectfully  invited.  No  descrip- 
tion can  convey  the  slightest  idea  of  the 
magnificent  stock  now  in  flower.  They  will 
continue  in  their  beauty  until  October. 

Descriptive  Catalo^te  sent  post-free  on  application. 


CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

KING'S   ACRE,  HEREFORD. 


SUTTON'S    SEEDS 


PRESENT  SOWING. 

POST-FREE. 

CABBAGE. 

J.  d. 
Sutton's  Flower  of  Spring     .,         ..     per  packet     2     6 

Wheeler's  Imperial pcroun.e      o     8 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf „  i    o 

ONION.  ~ 

s.  d. 

Giant  Rocca per  ounce      i    o 

Suitcn's  Giant  Blood-Red  Rocca  ..  „  i    6 

The  Queen        .,  per  packet     i     o 

Globe  Tripoli    ..         ..         ..         ..     per  ounce      i    o 

LETTUCE. 

J.  d. 

Sutton's  Improved  Black-seeded  Bath  Cos,  per  oz.  i     6 

London  Hardy  While  Cos ,,  i     6 

Stanstead  Park  Cabbage       16 

Hammersmith  Hardy  Green  Cabbage      ..       ,.  10 

Prices  andjull  particulars  of  other  Seeds  for  present 
sowing  may  be  Jtad,  gratis  and  post-free,  on  application. 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M  the  Queen 

and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

BEADING. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN  -Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(ir  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  i  j. 
None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 


ages 


iltural  dir 
ent!     ed   with  our  signature  a 
W  M       CUTBUSH      ANE 
(Limited)      Nurserymen    ar 


died. 


D  A   N    I    E   L  S' 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 


GIANT    EARLY    MARROW. 
T/ie  Best  Early  Cabbage  for  General  Use. 


Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FREE ; 
7s.  6d.  per  pound ;   43.   per  half-pound. 


Testimonial  front   Mr.  J.   M.  Cl 

KMMENS,  East  End, 

New  Quay.—"  We  have  grown  your 

■Defiance'  Cabbage 

for  EIGHT  YEARS  wiih    vaJious  othe 

sorts,  as  a  test,  and 

always   find    your    'Defiance'    beat 

s  all.    being    carher, 

heavier,  and  of  better  shape  and  flavo 

ur." 

ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA,  per  packet,  ri.  6d. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  KOCCA.  is.  per  ounce,  6j.  per  pound. 
Priced  Descriptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  0/  Seeds  for  present 
saiuing,  gratis  and  post-free  to  all  applicants. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

SEED    GROWERS    and    MERCHANTS, 
NORWICH. 


SATURDAY,  JULY    iS,    1SS5. 


BROUGHAM   HALL. 

HENRY  BROUGHAM,  owner  of  this 
ancient  Hall,  the  home  of  his  ancestors 
before  the  Conquest,  died  at  Cannes  in  i85S,  . 
when  the  title  he  had  won  as  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England,  and  earned  by  his  services  in 
politics  and  literature,  passed  to  his  brother, 
ihe  present  owner.  According  to  Dcbrett's 
/"tvrrt^^  the  venerable  lord  was  born  in  1795. 
The  old  house  occupies  a  steep  ledge,  easy  of 
access  in  the  rear,  precipitous  and  exceedingly 
picturesque  in  front.  The  Saxon  Broughams 
chose  this  site  for  their  manor-house  hundreds 
of  years  before  the  building  of  Brougham 
Castle,  whose  ruins,  a  few  fields  distant,  may 
remind  us  that  Westmoreland  now  needs  no 
fortresses,  and  the  lord  of  the  manor  no  em- 
battled gateways  nor  deep  ditches  before  his 
door. 

The  scenery  is  magnificent,  embracing  dis- 
tant views  of  the  Lake  Country  and  its  several 
heights,  and  the  Valley  of  the  Lovvther,  while 
the  pretty  village  of  Eamond  lies  immediately 
below  the  windows,  and  not  far  distant  are  the 
castle,  town,  and  beacon  of  Penrith,  and  the 
British  mound  known  as  King  Arthur's  Round 
Table,  which  all  tourists  visit.  The  entrance 
to  the  park  and  grounds  of  Lowther  Castle  is  on 
the  high  road,  near  the  Brougham  gates.  Occu- 
pying, as  the  Hall  does,  high  ground  amongst 
trees,  its  occasional  name  of  Bird's  Nest  would 
seem  to  be  appropriate,  even  if  the  property 
had  not  been  owned  during  two  generations  by 
a  family  named  Bird. 

The  Hall  is  an  extensive  building  surrounded 
by  high  walls,  venerable  from  age  and  Ivy. 
Two  courts  are  enclosed  within  these  walls,  the 
doors  of  the  outer  one  opening  on  the  approach 
road,  which  reaches  the  house  by  an  avenue  of 
fine  Oaks.  One-third  of  a  mile  from  the  door, 
across  the,  path,  the  rapacious  Vipont,  the 
Norman,  erected  Brougham  Castle,  and  here 
the  ruins  of  that  ambitious  building  are  now 
seen.  Under  these  circumstances  the  Hall  doors 
were  made  of  solid  Oak,  6  inches  thick.  The 
original  doors  of  the  thirteenth  century,  studded 
with  nails,  still  remain,  and  no  one  could  pass  them 
without  observing  their  strength,  the  enormous 
armorial  knocker  in  front,  and  the  round  arch  of 
the  embattled  gateway  which  they  close.  Within 
is  the  outer  court,  with  its  range  of  buildings. 
The  house  itself  has  been  in  great  part  rebuilt 
and  renovated,  but  it  is  still  remarkable  for 
Oak  carvings,  tapestry,  stamped  leather  and 
ancient  decorations,  and  for  a  fine  collection  of 
armour.  Some  years  since  the  Crusader, 
Udard  de  Broham,  resting  in  peace  in  the 
chancel  of  Brougham  Church,  cross-legged  in 
the  usual  attitude  of  a  Crusader,  with  his  cross- 
handled  sword,  and  the  talisman  which  he  had 
brought  home  from  the  Holy  Land,  by  his  side 
[Arcltceological  Journal,  1S47),  was  disinterred, 
and  the  "  prick  spur"  taken  from  his  heel.  It 
is  now  here  in  the  armoury.  The  incident  is 
mentioned  as  affording  a  glimpse  of  history 
such  as  adds  to  the  interest  of  the  place. 

To  have  held  an  estate  at  the  Conquest  and 


70 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


guLY  i8,  1885. 


to  own  it  still  is  an  honourable  distinction-the 
reward  of  much  virtue  and  persistency.  Bu 
the  twenty-four  Lords  of  Brougham-for  that 
is  the  exact  number  according  to  Sir  B.  Burke 
-have  done  more  than  rule  the  roost  at  home, 
since  they  have  served  their  country  in  war  or 
peace,  according  to  the  needs  of  each  passing 
century.  Nor  have  they  escaped  the  vicissi- 
tudes which  are  frequent  in  great  families 
After  submitting  to  the  Conqueror  they  held 
their  land  by  the  tenure  of  drengage,  a  military 
service.  But  King  William  gave  Robert  de 
Vipont,  one  of  his  barons,  such  oppressive 
rights  of  reigning  over  the  manor  of  Brougham 
that  Gilbert  de  Brougham,  in  the  reign  of  John, 
relinquished  one-third  of  his  estate  to  Vipont 
on  condition  of  holding  the  remainder  free 
The  Castle  was  built  by  this  great  Westmoreland 
Lord  Vipont,  on  land  which  he  had  thus  ac- 
quired the  older  family  having  long  resided  m 
the  ancient  manor-house  now  called  Brougham 

The  Castle  stands  close  to  the  Roman  station 
of  Brocavam,  which  can  still  be  traced  by  its 
fosse,  and  which  Agricola  founded,  a.d.  79,  by 
the  side  of  the  military  road  to  Carlisle.  Here 
he  fixed  one  of  his  camps,  and  here,  after  a 
thousand  years,  Vipont  built  his  Castle,  and 
here,  five  or  six  hundred  years  later.  King 
James,  on  one  of  his  journeys  from  Scotland  to 
London,  slept  in  the  Castle,  which  had  been 
at  that  time  much  improved  ;  and  here,  m  the 
adjoining  Hall,  in  1S60,  Lord  Brougham  wrote 
his  British  Conslitutioii,  and  its  sonorous  dedi- 
cation to  the  Oueen.  It  is  a  book,  he  says, 
which  "  professes  to  record  facts,  institute  com- 
parisons, draw  conclusions,  and  expound  prin- 
ciples often  too  little  considered  in  this  country 
by  those  who  enjoy  the  inestimable  blessings  of 
our  political  system." 

One  of  the  lessons  to  be  read  m  connection 
with  the  history  of  Brougham  Hall  is,  that 
England  has  grown  like  her  Oaks,  slowly,  and 
that  social  progress,  like  the  growth  of  trees,  is 
always  comparatively  slow.  But,  to  complete  the 
narrative,  about  the  year  1659  the  Castle  fell 
into  neglect  till  at  length  its  materials  were  sold, 
including  stone,  timber,  lead,  and  wainscoting. 
Reverting  to  the  manor-house,  it  only  just 
escaped  permanent  alienation,  when,  in  1607, 
Thomas  Brougham  sold  it  to  a  Mr.  Bird.  In 
16S0,  however,  John  Brougham,  of  Scales 
Hall,  Cumberland,  repurchased  the  estate,  and 
entailed  it  for  his  nephew,  from  whom  it  passed 
in  direct  succession  to  the  great  man  for  whose 
sake  it  has  now  become  an  object  of  interest  to 
his  country,  much  visited  by  tourists.  //. 


this  plant  from  Messrs.  Veitch.  It  is  believed  to 
come  from  Paraguay,  being  one  of  Mr.  Saint  Leget  s 
discoveries.  //.  G-  RM.  f. 


GOVENIA  SULPHURE.^,  ».  sf.* 
This  is  a  curious  Govenia.  The  bulbs  appear 
to  be  of  the  shape  of  Onions,  according  to  a 
sketch  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Harry  Veitch.  Leaves 
unusually  narrow,  the  narrowest  in  the  genus  as  it 
would  appear,  since  they  scarcely  attain  2  inches 
in  breadth.  The  median  rib  is  of  the  colour  of  the 
juice  of  the  fruits  of  Sambucus  nigra.  Flowers 
rather  large,  equalling  those  of  Govenia  Andrieuxii. 
Sepals  light  sulphur-coloured.  Petals  white  on  the 
disc,  sulphur  on  the  margin,  with  numerous  trans- 
verse broken  purple  lines.  The  lip  is  white,  with 
some  dark  brown  spots  at  the  apex.  Column  white, 
with   numerous  brown  spots   on   the  fovea.     I    had 

*  Govenia  sulphurea,  n.  sp. — "  Pseudobulboce  phreformi  :  " 
foliis  cuneato  lanceolalis  acuminatis  angustis  duos  polUces  latis ; 
racemo  plurifioro ;  bracteis  amplis,  ovaria  pedicellata  non 
xquantibus ;  sepalo  imparl  cuneato  lanceolato  acuto ;  sepahs 
lateralibus  paulo  latioribus,  decurvls  ;  tepalU  latiorlbus  cuneato 
obtusls  acutis,  labello  cordato  oblongo  obtuso  acuto,  basibipli- 
cato ;  columna  basi  producta,  trigona,  curva,  apice  utrinque 
antrorsum  obtusangula;  anthers  mucrone  subulato.  H.  G. 
RM./. 


ZVOOPETALUM   LAMINATUM,    11.   Sp.'' 

A  small-flowered  Kefersteinia.  Leaves  rather 
narrow.  Sepals  and  petals  light  yellow.  Lip  white, 
quite  new  in  its  affinity  for  its  exceedingly  large  nearly 
totally  free  laminK  at  the  base,  white  with  numerous 
purple  spots.  Column  very  plump,  three-lobed  on  each 
side  apiculate  at  the  top,  the  last  inferior  lobe  much 
anMed  in  middle  of  the  column,  yellowish  with  green 
spots  I  have,  however,  not  much  belief  in  the  con- 
stancy of  this  lobing.  I  bad  this  botanical  curiosity 
last  and  this  year  from  my  excellent  correspondent, 
Mr.  y.  Pay,  who  informs  me  he  saw  it  named  asZygo- 
pet'alum  for'cipatum  in  a  celebrated  emporium.  As  to 
myself,  I  had  this  [latter  ?]  plant  only  from  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth  &  Carder,  and  it  is  widely  distinct  in 
its  lip,  column,  and  colour.  //.  G.  Kchi.  f. 

Odontogi.ossum  mackospilum,  hyhr.  (?)  nat. 

This  has  a  broad  triangular,  cordate  apiculate  or 
acute  denticulate  lip  with  numerous  lateral  keels,  a  cen- 
tral one  looking  forward,  the  lateral  ones  terminating 
in  one  or  several  bristles.  Sepals  and  petals  cuneate, 
lanceolate-acute  in  the  way  of  those  of  Odontoglossum 
odoratum,  with  deep  blotches  of  dark  cinnamon  ;  light 
sulphur  iti  the  original  from  Mr.  Vuylsteke's— white, 
with  light  mauve,  in  Mr.  Day's  plant,  which  we  may 
call  C.  albidum.  The  wings  ol  the  column  are  denti- 
culate, entire  or  lacerate.  I  learn  some  Orchidists 
ate  of  opinion  that  I  regard  all  those  doubtful  plants  as 
hybrids,  hut  we  know  just  nothing  about  il,  and  I 
quite  agree  with  those  who  think  them  partly  varieties. 
Here  would  te  a  fine  area  where  the  gardeners  might 
really  help  science.  Help  us  for  thousands  of  seedlings. 
H.  G.  RchK  f. 

EriDENDRUM   PUNCTULATUM,    12.  .1/.  t 

This  is  very  near  Epidendrum  amabile,  Rchb.  f. 
It  is  distinct  in  the  presence  of  a  sessile  ovate  acute  mid- 
lacinia,  and  in  the  side  laciniae  of  the  lip  being  square. 
There  is  a  slender  panicle  with  stellate  flowers.  Sepals 
and  tepals  lanceolate  acute,  brown,  green  outside. 
Lip  trifid,  sulphur-coloured,  with  minute  brown  point- 
like spots.  Mid-nerves  incrassate.  Column  brown  and 
green  ;  border  of  anther-bed  white,  with  brown  spots. 
Plant  nearlyas  in  Epidendrum  vitellinum.  Of  Mexican 
origin,  according  to  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  who 
kindly  forwarded  it.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

MiLTONIA  SPECTABILIS  {Lindl.)  VAR.   ASPEKSA, 

«.  var. 

A  very  interesting  variety.  Sepals  and  petals 
cream  coloured,  partly  washed  with  white  mauve-lilac. 
Keel  of  lip  unusually  developed,  colour  of  lip  light 
mauve-lilac.  Wings  of  column  lobed,  and  projecting 
in  an  angular  way,  which  looks  very  uncommon. 

I  have  deliberated  in  vain  as  to  whether  it  could 
he  conjectured  a  mule.  There  is  no  species  whose 
features  it  partly  has. 

Major  Lendy,  Sunhury  House,  Sunbury  -  on- 
Thames,  kindly  sent  me  three  flowers,  all  of  which 
proved  identical.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Thunia  Marshalliana  ionophlebia,  «,  var. 

Mr.  W.  Bull  kindly  sends  me  a  variety  with  sulphur- 
coloured  disc  and  crest  of  lip,  and  in  erose  veins  to 
the  apex,  when  the  disc  is  more  orange,  and  there 
are  orly  such  veins  at  base  in  the  original  plant.  H. 
G.  Rent.  f. 

Cypripedium  Godefroy.e  [Goilf.  Let'.)  var. 

HEMI.XANTHINA. 

A  curious  variety  with  sulphur-ochroleucous  sepals  ; 
kindly  sent  by  J.  Day.  H.  G.  Rchl:  f. 


Pince's  Black  Muscat  Grape.— Few  gardeners 
grow  and  finish  this  rather  diflicult  variety  better  than 
Mr.  Foot,  at  Clowance,  Camborne.  Last  year  the 
bunches  were  nigh  perfection,  and  this  season  the 
crop  promises  well.    W,  N. 


*  Zyropetnlum  {Kefersteinia)  lamtnatum,  n.  sp.— Foliis 
lineari  lanceolatis ;  pedunculo  unifloro  ;  sepahs  tepahsque 
ligulatis  apiculatis  ;  labello  oblongo  antice  cnspulo  dendciilato  , 
lamella  baseos  pro  maxima  parte  liberas  prope  dimidium  labeli 
xquante,  antice  paulo  medio  fissa  ;  columna  medio  obtusangula 
carina  sub  fovea  obtusata.  H.G.Rchb.f. 

t  Epidendrum  pMictutaUim,  n.  sp.— Aff.  Epidendro  amabili, 
Rchb.  r.  Labelli  lacinias  lateralibus  quadratis,  lacinia  mediana 
sessile  ovata  acuta  venis  medianis  incrassatis ;  androclmu  mar- 
gineintegro.  Pan'icula;  "PlantaEpideudri  vitellini."  Mexico. 
H.  G.  RcKb.J-. 


CUCURBITS  IN  THE  WATER- 
LILY  HOUSE  AT  KEW. 
Last  year,  after  the  new  arrangements  for  heating 
and  other  improvements  were  effected,  convenience 
was  made  for  an  extensive  collection  of  climbers  all 
round  the  house.  This  was  composed  chiefly  of 
members  of  the  Convolvulus  order,  but  this  season 
the  experiment  has  been  made  with  Cucurbits  on 
rather  a  different  principle,  that  at  present  gives 
ample  promise  of  success.  This  is  the  more  encourag- 
ing, seeing  that  collections  not  merely  of  Gourds  but 
of  Cucurbits  in  general,  the  public  at  large  have  very 
little  opportunity  of  seeing. 

They  are  planted  out  on  a  bank  of  turves  occupying 
the  narrow  shelf  surrounding  the  house— a  shelf  too 
narrow  in  ilself  to  allow  of  a  proper  arrangement  of 
pot  plants  of  any  sort.  This  bank  of  soil  is  covered 
with  a  variety  ol  trailing  fine-foliage  plants,  and  occa- 
sions no  unsightliness.  Prominent  amongst  these 
may  be  noticed  Pellionii  Daveuana,  Zebrina  pen- 
dula,  and  Panicum  variegatum,  dotted  about  with 
such  plants  as  Cuphea  Commetsoni,  Impatiens  epis- 
copi,  Hcmigraphis  colorata,  Episcia  chontalensis,  and 
Chitila  Moonii,  with  lis  enormous  pale  violet  flowers. 
The  Cucurbits  themselves  are  trained  up  the  side 
and  along  the  roof,  and  afford  endless  variation  for 
combinations  to  give  effect,  or  for  the  purposes  of 
study,  not  only  in  the  size,  shape,  and  colour  of  the 
fruit,  but  the  size  or  conspicuousness  of  Ihe  flowers, 
together  with  the  remarkable  diversity  in  the  leaves. 

Prominent  among  those  in   fruit  is  an  East  Indian 
species,  Cucumis  utillissimus,  seedlings  of  which  have 
produced  green  and  almost  white  fruits.     These  are 
cylindrical,    and  notwithstanding   their   similarity    to 
those  of  Cucumis  sativus,  prove  of  immense  interest 
to  visitors,   especially  the  white   fruit,  which  is  over 
2  feet  in  length.     Lagenaria  gigantea  is  doubtless  a 
variety  of  the  common  Bottle  Gourd,   L.  vulgaris,  a 
variable    form,    like    other    long.cultivated    species. 
Fruit  hangs  in  a  prominent  position   over  the  path- 
way, measuring  about  i  foot  long  and  9  inches  across 
the  'bottom   of   the  bottle,  which  corresponds  to  the 
apex  of  the  fruit.     The  enormous  size  of  the  cordate 
leaves   is   another   striking    feature   of    this    Gourd. 
Various  species  of  the  Snake  Gourd  are  making  rapid 
progress,  and  the  slender  twisted   fruits  are  mote  or 
less  variegated  and  striped  with  deep  green  and  grey. 
The    finely    fringed    white    flower    is    a    character 
common  to  the  thirty  known  species,  but   the  value 
or  economic  importance  of  this  common   inheritance 
in  the  life  history  of  the  plant  it  would   be  difficult 
to  conjecture.     The  lower  leaves  of  Trichosanthes  pal- 
mata  are  reniform,  the  upper  .also  small,  deep  green, 
palmately  five  to  seven  lobed,  and  very  effective  for 
variety.     About  five  species  are  represented  in  the 
collection.     Considering  it  as  a  mere  variety  of  the 
common  Cucumber,  Cucumis  sativus  sikkimensis  is  a 
most  remarkable  and  interesting   form.      The  fruits 
are   cylindrical,   deep   bronzy   green,  slightly   tuber- 
culated,  and  when  mature  become  brownish-orange, 
most  attractively  reticulated  with  yellow.     There  is 
an  excellent   figure  of  it  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
t.  6026.     A  small,  as  yet  unnamed  Gourd  from  Natal 
is  interesting  on  account  of  its  small   Ivy-like  leaves. 
They   are    deep  green   and    shallowly  five-lobed   or 
angled,  constituting  a  remarkable  counterfeit  for  Ivy. 
The  fruit  is  said  to  be  small  and  beautifully  coloured. 
Another  unnamed  Gourd  now  finely  in  fruit  proves 
to   be  CitruUus    vulgaris.     The   spherical  fruits    ate 
deep    green    and    most    attractively    blotched    and 
scrolled    in  regular    lines,  with  a  pale  green  almost 
white  colour.     This  highly  attractive  and  ornamental 
Gourd  is   readily  distinguishable  from  its  congener, 
C.  colocynthis,  by  the  larger  size  both  of  its  fruit  and 
foliage.     The  former  is  edible,  and  the  latter  is  exten- 
sively  cultivated   for   medicinal    purposes.      Several 
species  of  Luffa  are  rapidly  passing  into  fruit,  and 
amongst  these  L.  cylindrica  is  the  most  forward.    The 
fruit  is  cylindrical,  deep  green,  and  variegated   with 
small  grey  tubercles  and  short  ridges  in  regular  lines, 
corresponding  to  the  midribs  and  lines  of  union  of 
the  carpels.     They  are  known  as  Towel  Gourds,  from 
the  fact  that  the  vascular  network  of  the  fruits  when 
removed  from  the  pulp  is  of  a  spongy  character  and 
used  for  towels,  for  straining   Palm  wine  and  other 
economical  purposes.     Luffa  spha:rica  of  Harvey  and 
Sondet's  Flora   Capensis,  vol.  ii.,  49°.  's  a  Sphx'to- 
sicyos.     The  authors  had  not  seen  the  female  plant 
at  the  publication  of  that  volume. 

On  the  other  hand  a   plant  under  the   name  of 
Sphaetosicyos  sp.  from  West  Africa  is  evidently  a 


July  i8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


71 


LufTa  from  the  monoecious  flowers,  cylindrical  fruit, 
striltingly  striped  with  dark  green  along  its  whole 
length  and  variegated  with  oblong  grey  markings. 
Lufia  velans  is  conspicuous  for  its  large  shallowly  five- 
lobed  leaves  and  the  enormous  size  of  its  bright  yellow 
flowers.  An  unnamed  species  alongside  of  it  has 
equally  large  flowers  and  a  long  slender  (ruit.  A 
species  of  Sicana  with  deep  green  five  to  nine  lobed 
leaves  is  no  doubt  S.  odorifera,  a  plant  well  meriting 
a  place  amongst  the  finer  leaved  sorts.  The  fruit 
will  be  anxiously  waited  for  and  noted.  It  is 
figured  by  Naudin  in  the  Annxles  dcs  Sciences, 
ser.  4,  xvii.,  iSo,  t.  S.  An  unnamed  Cucurbit 
from  New  Guinea  is  notable  on  account  of  its 
small  shortly  oblong  greenish-white  fruit,  which 
changes  on  arriving  at  maturity  to  a  golden  yellow. 
Alongside  of  this  is  a  large  rambling  plant  of  Momor- 
dica  involucrata,  a  South  African  species  with  live- 
lobed  leaves  resembling  a  deeply  cut  Vine.  The 
flowers  are  creamy-while,  with  a  large  central  dark 
blotch,  abundantly  produced  and  forcibly  reminding 
one  of  Hibiscus  trionum  or  Turnera  trioniflora. 
More  interesting  is  M.  Charantia,  an  East  Indian 
species  with  equally  fine  leaves  and  yellow  flowers. 
The  fruit  is  spindle-shaped,  deep  green,  and  densely 
covered  with  irregular  sized  projecting  tubercles,  that 
give  it  a  highly  curious  and  characteristic  appearance. 
On  arriving  at  maturity  the  green  changes  to  an  orange- 
yellow,  and  the  fruit  ultimately  bursts  into  valves,  ex- 
posing the  seeds  covered  with  a  fleshy  red  aril.  The 
small  deeply  five  to  seven  lobed,  almost  digitate 
leaves  of  Cephalandra  palmata  are  noteworthy.  The 
plant  is  grown  under  the  name  of  Coccinia  palmata, 
also  synonymous  with  Momordica  palmata,  and  is  a 
native  of  South  Africa,  near  Port  Natal.  Benincasa 
hispida,  figured  in  Rheede's  Harttis  Malabarinti, 
viii. ,  t.  3,  bears  large  hispidly  hairy,  edible  fruit,  but 
is  not  yet  in  flower.  Several  varieties  of  Cucumis 
Melo  are  making  rapid  progress,  amongst  which  may 
be  noticed  C.  M.  odoratissima  with  ellipsoid  pale 
green  fruit,  maculated  with  darker  spots,  and  another 
form  named  C.  M.  flexuosa,  the  fruit  of  which  is  long, 
slender,  twisted,  and  striate  with  wavy  lines,  render- 
ing it  extremely  curious  and  interesting. 

Probably  the  most  remarkable  Cucurbit  in  Kew  is 
Acanthosicyos  horrida.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the 
conditions  of  its  successful  cultivation  have  not  yet 
been  exactly  hit  upon,  so  that  it  might  be  placed  with 
the  collection.  The  leaves  are  reduced  to  small  bract- 
like organs,  with  two  formidable  looking  spines  at  the 
base,  one  on  each  side.  It  is  a  native  of  the  arid 
legions  of  Dammara  Land  and  Angola,  and  is  a  fit 
companion  for  Welwitschia  mirabilis.  With  this  ex- 
ception, all  the  above,  besides  some  as  yet  unnamed 
species,  are  making  rapid  progress  in  the  Lily-house 
interspersed  with  Ipomcea  paniculata,  I.  velutina,  I. 
rubro-ccerulea,  Argyreia  Ilookerii,  Allamanda 
Schottii  var.  Ilendersoni,  Dipladenia  amabilis,  and 
other  twiners  in  full  flower.  F. 


ORCHIDS    AT    HOME. 

The  natural  order  of  Orchidacere,  the  handsome 
and  grotesque  flowers  of  which  are  so  fascinating  to 
the  gardener  and  botanist,  comprises  over  4000  species, 
of  which  about  two  hundred  are  native  to  British 
Guiana. 

They  are  found  everywhere,  except  in  the  dense 
forests  and  on  the  coasts  ;  a  moderate  amount  of  light, 
plenty  of  moisture,  and  protection  from  strong  winds 
being  necessary  to  their  good  condition,  and  free 
flowering.  They  vary  in  size,  from  the  Pleurothallis 
of  I  inch  to  the  climbing  Vanilla,  which  mounts 
above  the  forest  trees  to  open  its  flowers  in  the  bright 
sunlight.  The  greater  number  are  epiphytes.  These 
epiphytes  flourish  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  creeks, 
inside  the  fringe  of  bushes  which  usually  lines  them  to 
the  water's  edge.  The  ordinary  passenger  sees  but 
few,  but  the  collector  pushes  his  bateau  through  the 
bushes,  olten  finding  some  tree  covered  with  Orchids. 
Zygopetalum  rostratum  generally  grows  in  such  a 
position,  its  large  white  flowers  opening  freely  in  the 
diffused  light. 

About  15  miles  up  the  Hobaboe  creek  is  a  fringe 
of  trees,  bordered  on  one  side  by  the  creek,  and  on 
the  other  by  a  park-like  savannah,  the  bushes  on 
either  side  being  almost  impenetrable.  Here,  in 
looking  for  a  wounded  parrot,  I  came  upon  quite  a 
family  of  Zygopetalum  in  full  flower,  decorating  the 
rather  thin  Iree  trunks  very  prettily.  In  the  same 
creek,  above  the  lock,  when  the  savannah  is  covered 


with  water,  and  the  people  in  the  canals  complain  of 
floods,  the  trees  are  decorated  with  hundreds  of 
Brassavola  angustata,  and  Epidendrum  nocturnum, 
their  pretty  flowers  making  up  in  numbers  what  they 
want  in  individual  beauty.  Below  the  lock  grows  the 
Oncidium  altissimum,  one  of  our  largest  epiphytes, 
perfuming  the  air  with  hundreds  of  flowers,  which 
grow  on  long  stems,  often  12  feet  high.  A  large 
plant  is  a  magnificent  object  ;  4  or  5  feet  through, 
with  leaves  i  yard  long,  and  six  or  more  flowering 
stems  :  it  can  scarcely  be  equalled  among  Orchids. 
The  savannahs  are  bordered  with  belts  of  Eta  Palms  ; . 
and  below  the  parasol  of  leave?,  among  the  old  leaf- 
sheaths,  is  seen  something  waving  in  the  wind  like 
tassels  of  broad-leaved  grass.  If  it  is  the  wet  season 
the  bateau  is  brought  as  near  as  possible  by  poling, 
or  the  men  get  out  and  haul  it  through  the  dense 
razor-grass,  at  the  risk  of  cutting  their  fingers  and 
legs.  Nearing  the  Palm  you  see  that  the  grassy 
leaves  belong  to  Catasetum  longifolium,  and  the  next 
business  is  to  get  it.  One  of  the  boatmen  climbs  up 
and  attempts  to  pull  out  a  plant,  perhaps  breaking  a 
few  bulbs  ;  or  coming  down  with  a  run,  covered  with 
ants  ;  or  frightened  at  a  lizard  or  hairy  spider.  There 
is  nothing  left  but  to  cut  down  the  tree,  which  you 
must  do  standing  in  water  up  to  your  knees.  Pre- 
sently you  hear  a  crack,  and  with  splash,  splash,  you 
get  out  of  the  way  of  the  falling  giant,  which  comes 
down  with  a  great  crash,  throwing  the  splashes  in 
every  direction.  All  round  the  Palms  you  see  the 
water  covered  with  ants  ;  large  brown  fellows  which 
nip  pretty  hard,  and  perhaps  a  dozen  hairy  spiders 
and  a  wood  slave.  After  a  good  deal  of  trouble  and 
a  few  bites  you  get  the  Orchid,  and  find  a  bunch  of 
beautiful  flowers,  the  colour  almost  unique,  being  a 
bright  orange. 

On  the  tree  branches  overhanging  the  Hyama 
creek  the  Stanhopea  eburnea  hangs  its  magnificent 
waxy  flowers,  together  with  Brassias,  Gongoras,  and 
thousands  of  small  species. 

At  the  front  of  the  sand  hills,  on  the  low  bushes, 
may.beseen  plenty  of  Epidendrums,  Maxillarias,  and 
other  inconspicuous  Orchids,  but  two  or  three  miles 
aback,  where  visitors  rarely  go,  a  very  good  collection 
may  be  made.  One  of  the  best  is  Scuticaria  Steelii, 
with  long  pendulous,  whip-like  leaves  and  fine  flowers 
richly  perfumed.  Near  the  ground,  and  sometimes 
on  the  sand,  Sobralia  sessilis  opens  its  rosy  flowers  in 
the  morning,  but  unfortunately  they  last  but  a  few 
hours.  Its  stems,  like  small  Bamboos,  with  leaves  at 
the  top,  may  cause  it  to  be  olten  overlooked.  If 
fortunate,  the  collector  may  find  Paphinia  cristata, 
with  crimson  barred,  pendulous  flowers ;  and  the 
little  gem,  Burlinglonia  Candida,  with  delicate  white 
and  yellow  flowers  perfumed  like  Violets.  IIere_I 
have  found  what  is  perhaps  the  smallest  native  Orchid, 
a  species  of  Aeranthus,  without  leaves,  the  whole 
plant  consisting  of  a  few  aerial  roots,  and  a  spike  of 
flowers  I  inch  high. 

In  sand,  or  on  rocks  in  the  interior,  various  species 
come  to  perfection,  in  fact  many  epiphytes  grow  well 
in  either  situation,  but  Cyrtopodium  Andersoni,  our 
finest  sand  Orchid,  appears  never  to  grow  on  trees. 
It  has  very  long  bulbs  lined  with  Palm-like  leaves, 
and  a  large  panicle  of  bright  yellow  flowers,  on  a 
flower-stem  6  feet  high.  Where  charcoal  has  been 
burnt,  the  banks  of  the  pits,  which  look  like  newly 
opened  graves,  are  covered  with  Catasetum  discolor 
flowers,  like  green  or  yellow  (Juaker  bonnets. 

Under  a  silk-cotton  tree  at  Soesdyk  grows  a  ter- 
restrial species  with  white  spots  on  the  leaves 
(Spiranthes) ;  its  flowers  are,  however,  not  very  con- 
spicuous. Among  the  cake  of  decomposing  leaves  in 
the  forest,  among  Voyrias,  I  have  found  the  singular 
Wullschlegelia  aphylla,  a  leafless  root  parasite  with  a 
few  almost  colourless  flowers. 

On  the  savannahs,  where  the  razor-grass  is  not 
too  thick,  may  be  found  the  Habenaria  macrocera 
(something  like  the  English  butterfly  Orchis),  its 
whitish  flowers  having  spurs  6  inches  long.  But  the 
queen  of  ground  Orchids  is  Cleistes  rosea.  It  is  about 
3  feet  high,  with  a  leafy  stem,  and  two  or  three  rosy 
lipped  flowers  on  the  top.  The  park-like  savannah 
in  which  they  grow  reminded  me  of  an  English  meadow 
as  the  thin  wiry  grass  allowed  myriads  of  Utricularias, 
Sauvagesias,  Droseras,  Burmannias,  and  other  pretty 
low  flowering  plants  to  grow  to  perfection. 

Some  of  the  epiphytal  Orchids  are  common  on  the 
Calabash  trees  surrounding  the  huts  on  the  banks  of 
rivers,  and  even  the  canals,  near  town.  The  crimson- 
flowered  Rodriguezia  secunda,  Notylia  albida  with 
pendulous    spikes    of ,  greenish-white    flowers,    and 


Ornithocephalus  gladiatus,  a  pretty  fan-like  plant, 
2  or  3  inches  high,  with  little  bird-like  white  flowers, 
are  found  almost  everywhere.  Even  the  Moca- 
Moca  (Montrichardia  arborescens)  has  its  especial 
epiphyte  in  the  graceful  lonopsis  utriculariodes. 
J.  R.,  Demerara. 


DOUBLE    AURICULAS. 

When  and  with  whom  the  earliest  of  our  double- 
flowered  Auriculas  originated  it  would  be  perhaps 
difficult  to  say.  For  years  past  I  have  grown  the 
old  double  black  and  the  old  double  yellow,  known 
also  under  the  names  of  Othello  and  Yellow  Prince 
respectively,  but  I  am  unable  to  determine  how  long 
they  have  been  in  cultivation.  Report  states  there  are 
two  double  black  varieties,  which  is  not  improbable, 
but  I  am  acquainted  with  but  one  only.  The  old 
double  black  is  not  a  robust-growing  form,  and  it 
requires  good  culture,  but  when  well  done  throwing 
up  from  its  healthy  leaves  a  strong  flower-stem,  and 
a  good  truss  of  flowers  :  it  is  very  pretty.  The  old 
double  yellow  is  of  a  much  stronger  constitution,  and 
throws  up  (in  the  case  of  a  good  plant)  several  flower- 
stems.  The  most  vigorous  produce  several  flowers  of 
a  clear  golden  colour,  and  a  white  centre,  but  they  are 
never  so  fully  double  as  the  double  black  form.  It  is 
very  sweet  and  attractive',  and  well  worth  growing  for 
cutting  from.  During  the  spring  I  received  from  the 
North  of  Ireland  a  double  yellow  of  a  different 
character,  the  flowers  about  the  same  size  as  the 
other,  paler  in  colour,  and  with  the  petals  rounded  at 
the  edges  instead  of  being  serrated,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
older  type.  I  like  it  very  much,  and  hope  to  bloom 
it  well  next  spring. 

Occasionally  a  double  variety  will  come  among  the 
seedlings  raised  from  the  seed  of  ordinary  alpine 
Auriculas.  A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Thomas  Hewitt, 
then  of  Solihul,  exhibited  at  one  of  the  spring  shows 
at  Birmingham  a  seedling  double  dark,  of  fine  colour 
and  proportions, but  I  fear  he  lost  it.  A  correspondent 
in  Scotland  was  equally  fortunate  in  raising  a  dark 
purple  double  variety  of  great  beauty,  which  I  hope  has 
not  suffered  the  same  fate  as  Mr.  Hewitt's  flower. 

My  own  collection  of  double  Auiiculas  comprises 
some  dozen  and  a  half  varieties.  They  have  been 
collected  in  various  parts  of  the  Continent.  They 
vary  in  character,  colour  and  size  of  the  flowers,  but 
they  aie  full  of  interest,  and  when  in  good  condition, 
unusual,  novel,  and  attractive,  and  find  plenty  of 
admirers.  I  do  not  for  a  moment  presume  to  put 
them  on  a  level  with  our  finest  green,  grey,  white- 
edged,  and  self  varieties  ;  but  there  is  plenty  of  room 
in  this  world  for  them,  and  a  large  number  of  persons 
who  see  much  that  is  beautiful  in  them.  They  are 
later  in  flowering  than  the  ordinary  show  Auricula, 
and  that  is  why  I  have  been  unable  to  produce  any 
in  good  conditiou  at  our  annual  Auricula  show  in 
London.  They  are  all  in  pots,  but  I  find  it  necessary 
to  give  them  a  very  generous  soil ;  in  all  other  respects 
they  are  treated  Just  as  the  show  Auriculas. 

One  that  finds  most  favour  is  a  large  primrose- 
coloured  variety,  named  Dehcata  ;  it  is  a  strong 
grower,  and  produces  fine  large  full  flowers  of  great 
size,  on  strong  flower-stems  ;  it  is  the  largest  flowered 
sort  I  have.  Purpurea  is  large,  full,  handsome,  of  a 
charming  tint  of  pale  purple,  the  flowers  produced  in 
fine  trusses,  and  highly  attractive.  Both  the  fore- 
going have  received  First-class  Certificates  of  Merit. 
Violacea  I  was  able  to  show  at  the  last  Auricula 
meeting  at  South  Kensington  ;  it  is  of  a  very  pleasing 
shade  of  violet,  suft'used  with  deeper  tints.  It  is  very 
pretty,  and  some  one  at  South  Kensington,  as  I 
thought,  happily  described  it  as  representing  a  large 
double  Violet.  Cleopatra  is  a  very  distinct  sort,  the 
flowers  maroon,  dashed  with  purple,  large,  full,  and 
very  double  ;  a  strong  grower,  producing  a  fine  truss. 
One  named  Hercules  is  the  beau  ideal  of  a  double 
Auricula ;  the  flowers  are  so  full  that  it  appears 
difficult  to  add  another  petal  without  spoiling  their 
symmetry.  It  is  difiicult  to  describe  it,  for  there  is  a 
mixture  of  purple,  lilac,  salmon,  and  buff  in  the 
blossom.  It  is  a  good  grower,  and  I  am  very  proud 
of  it.  Hercules,  purpurea,  and  delicata  have  Balsam- 
like flowers,  so  large  and  full  are  they.  Pandora  and 
Juno  are  smaller,  fully  double,  and  have  flowers  that 
are  tinted  with  shades  of  brown  and  yellow.  They 
are  of  close  and  compact  growth,  and  very  free. 

The  foregoing  are  all  I  have  named.  I  have  others 
that  require  another  season's  growth,  and  each  season 
I  raise  a  few  from  seed.  I  must  mention  the  double 
white,  which  I  obtained  from  the  late  M.  Louis  van 


72 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July,  i8,  i8 


Houtte,   of    C;hent.      It  is  a  misnomer    to    term  it  Autea  floribunda,  Miss  Mary  Anderson,  and  Knaptin 

double,' (or  the  flowers  come  with  two  or  perhaps  are  all  high-class  yellow  varieties.    Belle  Halliday  is  a 

three  rows  of  petals,  but  not  more  ;  the  flowers  are  distinct  and  handsome  yellow,  the  form  of  the  flower 

delicate  creamy-white,  very  chaste  and  large.     It  is  reminding  one  of  Hodges'  Bride  ;  this  is  a  Scotch 

a  good  grower,  and  however  strongly  I  may  grow  it  production.     John  Barnet  must  not  be  omitted  from 

I  cannot  get  it  of  a  more  fully  double  character.     But  the  bright  pink  varieties;    it  is  one  of  the  best   of 

it  is  always  admired.  'hem. 

There  are  doubtless  other  double  Auriculas  about  The  season  has  not  been  particularly  favourable  for 

untry  :     will    those    who   possess  them   make  healthy  growth.    Cold  days  and  colder  nights  checked 


known  the  fact  through  the  Chronicle.     R.  Dean. 


Ilapta'   I 


\m\x^. 


CARNATIONS  AND  PICOTEES. 
The  question  is  frequently  asked,  "What  are  the 
best  flowers  for  town  gardens?  "  The  florist  would  ex- 
claim at  once,  and  that  truthfully,  "The Carnation  and 
Picoiee."  Those  who  would  like  to  see  this  verified 
in  a  practical  way  would  do  well  to  visit  the  nurseries 
of  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Son's,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  where  every  class  and  section  of  these 
beautiful  plants  are  now  fully  represented  in  bloom, 
planted  out  in  beds  in  the  open  air,  and  treated  as 
any  other  hardy  plants — not  in  isolated  specimens 
merely,  or  in  clumps  of  a  dozen  or  so,  but  large  beds 
containing  a  hundred  or  more  plants  of  one  variety. 
All  the  best  flakes  and  hizarres  in  Carnations,  and  the 
most  refined  delicate  Picotees  are  cultivated  to  per- 
fection, but  the  demand  for  these  is  not  nearly  so 
large  as  that  for  the  selfs,  border  Carnations  as  they      yg,y   brittle,    and  a   wholesale  destruction    of   them 


their  development  early  in  the  year.  It  has  also 
caused  the  bloom  to  be  late,  although  nearly  all  the 
varieties  have  pushed  rapidly  into  bloom  during  the 
last  few  warm  days.  In  looking  over  Messrs.  Veilch's 
collection  it  was  interesting  to  notice  that  some  varie- 
ties were  even  more  vigorous  and  healthy  this  season 
than  they  were  last,  amongst  them  being  the  old 
Clove,  The  Bride,  W.  P.  Milner,  Exquisite,  Florence, 
and  a  few  others. 

The  Camellia. 
At  this  season  of  the  year  these  gorgeous  plants  are 
often  exposed  to  neglect,  owing  to  carelessness  in 
watering,  or,  if  the  weather  is  hoi,  red-spider  attack- 
ing the  leaves.  It  is  a  good  plan,  if  the  plants  are 
large,  to  place  them  out-of-doors,  not  in  full  exposure 
to  sun  and  wind,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  they  must 
not  be  over-shaded,  else  the  growths  will  be  weak. 
The  plants  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  having  a 
surface-dressing  of  turfy  loam  and  peat,  pressed  firmly 
down  upon  the  roots  with  the  fingers — that  is,  if  the 
larger  roots  are  exposed  on  the  surface.  This  is  a 
good  time,  now  the  growth  is  formed  and  the  buds 
set,  to  repot,  but  a  hint  must  be  given  about  the 
careful  treatment  of  the  roots  ;  the  young  fibres  are 


are  sometimes  termed  ;  but  why  one  class  or  sectii 
should  be  termed  border  kinds  to  the  exclusion  of 
others,  it  is  diflkult  to  say.  Many  varieties  of 
Picotees  are  possessed  of  She  most  vigorous  constitu- 
tions, and  few  things  are  more  beautiful  in  the  floral 
world  than  the  glistening  purity  of  the  Picoiee,  and 
the  rich  purple  or  delicate  rose  edges.     It  would   be 


leans  a  serious  check  to  the  further  development  of 
leaf  and  bud.  I  may  allude  to  some  very  old  plants 
we  are  now  potting  in  our  own  garden.  They  have 
been  placed  oul-of-doors,  and  the  pots  they  had  been 
growing  in  have  become  choked  in  the  drainage.  The 
plants  were  turned  out,  the  drainage  removed,  a  little 
of  the  spent  useless  soil  carefully  picked  from  amongst 


Market,  with  its  chief  entrance  in  Wellington  Street — 
views  of  which  we  give  in  this  issue  (figs.  14,  I5i  t6), 
is  built  on  the  site  of  houses  formerly  standing  on  the 
north  side  of  Tavistock  Street.  The  buildings  are 
most  substantially  built  with  red  brick,  of  excellent 
quality,  with  quoins,  arches,  and  copings  of  white 
stone  ;  and  while  being  mainly  constructed  of  strong 
materials,  have  a  sufficiency  of  light  admitted  by 
lantern  roofs,  and  windows  of  a  large  size  at  the 
sides.  A  main  pathway  divides  the  building  longi- 
tudinally into  two  main  divisions,  these  being  again 
subdivided  by  paths  of  lesser  width.  Alongside  these 
stand  the  wrought-iron  staging,  in  three  tiers,  on  which 
the  growers  display  their  wares,  and  that  are  indi- 
cated on  the  ground  plan  of  the  building,  fig.  15. 

Underneath  the  market  is  ample  cellarage  for  the 
storing  of  fruit,  &c.,  which  is  approached  by  means 
of  an  inclined  path,  by  the  side  of  the  building  on  the 
Tavistock  Street  front,  and  by  stairs  in  Wellington 
Street,  and  in  the  general  market.  Further  westwards 
an  open  flower  market  will  be  held  on  a  considerable 
piece  of  ground  that  will  be  specially  reserved  for  that 
purpose.  Altogether  this  additional  accommodation 
in  Covent  Garden  Market  will  prove  a  great  boon 
to  the  frequenters,  be  they  buyers  or  sellers,  and  the 
new  structure  will  rank  among  the  most  handsome  of 
our  public  markets. 

We  understand  that  the  Duke  proposes  to  effect 
other  improvements  in  the  market,  so  as  to  increase 
the  facilities  for  business  in  all  branches  of  the  trade. 
The  works  are  being  carried  out  by  Messrs.  Cubitt 
&  Co.,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  John  R.  Bourne, 
the  Duke's  steward  ;  and  for  the  plans  whence  our 
figures  were  taken  we  are  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of 
Mr.  Rogers,  the  architect. 


tedious  to  enumerate  even   the   best  varieties  of  the      the  roots,  and  the  plants  replaced  in  the  pots  in  which 


florist's  type,  as  they  will  be  found  in  the  reports  of 
the  exhibitions  in  subsequent  numbers.  I  was 
careful  to  note  the  best  varieties  in  the 
various  colours,  adapted  for  beds  or  to  plant  in 
groups  in  the  borders.  What  can  be  more  beautiful 
at  this  season  than  a  group  of  a  dozen  or  more  Car- 
nations of  one  variety— rose,  pink,  purple,  scarlet, 
crimson,  white,  or  yellow,  planted  in  a  herbaceous 
border?  Pure  white  forms  are  now  very  numerous, 
but  I  question  if  any  of  them  surpass  The  Bride 
(Hodges) ;  the  flowers  are  pure  white,  of  good  form, 
and  last  longer  than  any  of  the  others,  it  has  also  a 
good  pod  which  does  not  burst. 

There  is  a  very  large  bed  of  W.  P.  Milner,  a 
well-knnwn  hardy  and  handsome  variety.  Virgo  is 
a  beautiful  while,  very  pure,  of  medium  size.  Ossian 
btush-whiie,  large  fringed  petals,  very  beautiful  and 
distinct.  ICxquisite  flowers  later  than  any  of  the 
others,  very  free,  and  of  good  habit ;  the  petals 
broad,  forming  symmetrical  blooms.  The  best  of  the 
scarlet  coloured  varieties  are  Magnum  Bonum  ;  this 
has  the  largest  and  most  handsome  flowers,  with  a 
dwarf  habit.  Vivid  very  bright.  Field  Marshal  also 
a  very  bright,  full  scarlet.  Delviensis,  a  late  blooming 
variety,  dwarf,  compact  plant  and  bright  scarlet. 

Pink  colours  are  very  attractive,  and  this  section  is 
well  represented  by  Celia,  the  best  of  the  whole 
group,  which  forms  a  charming  bed  ;  the  colour  is 
rosy-pink,  the  flowers  large,  full,  and  well  formed. 
Clove-scented.  Corsair,  pale  rosy-pink,  distinct  and 
good.  Gertrude  Teigner,  small  or  medium,  flowers 
pale  pink,  excellent  to  cut  for  small  bouquets. 
Ouida,  bright  crimson,  dwarf,  and  abundant  flowering 
habit. 

Purple  selfs  were  well  represented  by  Improvement 
and  Lady  Manners.  The  old  crimson  Clove  formed 
a  very  effective  bed  ;  the  plants  strong  and  vigorous 
although  they  were  not  planted  out  until  March. 

Yellow  self,  and  yellow-edged  Picotees  form  a  large 
part,  and  also  the  most  interesting  part,  of  this  fine 
collection.  They  were  well  described  at  p.  43  of  vol. 
xxii.  for  last  year,  and  still  maintain  their  first  promise 
of  high-class  quality,  and  the  profusion  of  flowers  pro- 
duced is  very  remarkable.  Lord  Tennyson  is  one  of 
the  best  yellow  varieties  this  year.  Duchess  of  Teck 
is  a  handsome  yellow  Picotee,  well  marked  with 
crimson.  Goldfinder  is  a  vigorous  and  distinct  yellow 
Picotee  edged  wich  rose.  Janira  grows  with  remark- 
able vigour  out-of-doors  and  is  very  distinct.  Emperor 
is  very  large  bright  yellow,  with  flowers  freely  produced. 


they  were  previously  growing.  If  the  ball  of  roots 
was  thickly  matted,  and  the  roots  perfectly  healthy, 
larger  pots  would  have  been  necessary.  Do  not 
water  at  the  roots  for  a  few  days  after  repotting,  but 
lightly  syringe  the  leaves  twice  a  day.   J.  Douglas. 


NEW    FLOWER    MARKET, 
COVENT   GARDEN. 

Any  one  acquainted  with  the  London  flower  trade 
of  twenty  years  ago  will  recognise  the  enormous 
increase  that  has  taken  place  within  that  com- 
paratively short  period.  This  is  not  exclusively  to  be 
attributed  to  the  increase  in  the  number  of  the  buyers, 
but  is  the  result  of  the  aggregation  which  has  taken 
place  in  the  ranks  of  the  cultivators  for  the  markets 
in  London  itself  and  other  large  towns.  The  supply 
of  flowers  in  greater  abufadance,  their  variety,  and 
the  cheapness  of  their  production,  aided  by  the  great 
skill  shown  by  the  growers  in  preparing  plants  and 
cut  blooms  for  the  public  supply,  have  helped  to 
create  a  trade  in  these  beautiful  productions  of  the 
garden,  which  it  may  confidently  be  said  would  have 
been  unattainable  under  the  old  conditions  of  the 
trade.  That  being  so  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  agent 
saw  that  Covent  Garden  Market,  at  least,  roust 
be  so  enlarged  that  the  accommodation  afforded  there 
should  be  proportionate  to  the  trade  done  or  likely 
to  be  done.  It  will  doubtless  supply  the  long-felt 
want  for  a  short  time,  but  London  is  far  too  vast  a 
place  to  get  nearly  all  its  supply  of  plants  and  cut 
flowers  from  one  market,  be  that  market  never  so 
centrally  placed. 

The  congestion  of  traffic,  with  all  its  attendant 
evils,  must  eventually,  when  broader  views  are  enter- 
tained on  this  subject,  give  way  to  tyrannical  neces- 
sity ;  and  although  Covent  Garden  will  remain  the 
head  market,  whence  the  choicest  articles  will  be 
obtainable,  district  markets  of  convenient  size  will 
have  to  be  built  in  many  other  districts  of  London. 
By  that  means  the  grower  in  the  country  will  be 
brought  into  contact  with  the  actual  consumers,  who 
will  be  enabled,  to  a  greater  extent  than  now,  to  do 
their  own  marketing,  as  in  Continental  towns,  instead 
of  being  heavily  mulcted  by  every  species  of  middle- 
men ;  and  the  former  will  obtain  better  prices  for  bis 
productions. 
The   handsome  addition   to   the   existing   Flower 


REMARKS  ON  THE  FRUIT  CROP, 

1885. 

[For  Tabular  Summary,  see  p.  43.] 
SCOTLAND. 
Aberdeen. — Fruit  trees  and  bushes  of  all  sorts 
had  an  extra  abundant  blossom,  but  owing  to  the 
cold  weather  in  the  end  of  April  and  beginning  of 
May  Plums,  Pears,  and  Cherries  set  very  thinly,  and 
are,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  a  poor  crop.  Apples 
are  in  general  a  very  abundant  crop,  but  very  late  ; 
small  fruits  also  suffered  from  the  cold  weather  :  in 
low-lying  places  they  are  a  very  poor  crop,  while 
in  others  they  are  a  good  crop.  Strawberries  promise 
to  be  a  heavy  crop.  John  Forrest^  Haddo. 

Banff.— All  kinds  of  hardy  fruit,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Plums,  bear  an  abundant  crop  here.  On 
walls  Plums  are  the  lightest  crop  we  have  had  for  a 
number  of  years.  Standards  are  better,  still  numbers 
of  them  have  gone  back  since  setting.  Apricots  and 
Peaches  are  both  good.  Fruit  clean.  Trees  healthy 
and  vigorous.  Cherries  are  plentiful  and  clear  of 
insects.  All  kinds  of  bush  fruit  are  in  great  abund- 
ance, especially  Currants.  7-  Wel-ster^  Gordon  Cnstk, 
Forfar.— At  the  present  time  ([uly  i)  the  fruit 
prospects  in  the  Carse  are  not  so  great  as  at  one  lime 
anticipated.  On  account  of  the  late  severe  and 
continued  frosts  and  hailstorms  a  good  deal  of  the 
early  bloom  of  all  kinds  has  been  blasted.  Apri- 
cots, Peaches,  and  Nectarines,  outside,  suffered 
severely,  as  well  as  early  Pears  and  Cherries,  but  the 
later  kinds  of  Pears  give  better  promise,  and  Morello 
Cherries  will  be  a  fair  crop.  The  earlier  kinds  of 
Gooseberries  have  also  suffered  severely,  especially 
those  in  exposed  situations,  but  later  kmds  are  not  so 
bad,  and  what  they  want  in  numbers  will  be  partly 
made  up  by  increase  of  size.  Most  of  the  red  and 
black  Currants  we  have  examined  give  promise  of  an 
abundant  crop,  and  what  with  a  few  refreshing 
showers,  the  6rst  instalment  of  which  we  have  had. 
Strawberries  will  be  good.  We  think  Apples  will 
be  the  most  prolific  crop  of  the  fruit  kind  this  season 
in  the  Carse.  We  have  been  privileged  to  examine  a 
number  of  the  best  orchards,  and  in  most  cases  find 
them  well  laden  with  young  Apples.  We  have  also 
examined  a  number  of  good  gardens,  which  give 
equally  good  promise.  Through  the  kindness  of 
A.  Lacaille,  Esq.,  Gourdiehill— whose  orchard  is  the 
largest  in  the  Carse,  if  not  in  Scotland — we  have  had 
opportunities  of  examining  for  ourselves,  and  from 
what  we  have  seen  feel  sure  that  Apples  will 
be  abundant  if  the  summer  be  warm,  and  good 
ripening  weather  occur  in  the  autumn.  Mr.  Lacaille 
has  been  making  great  improvements  in  his 
orchard    since   he   came    into    possession  of  it — an 


July  i8, 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


73 


improvement  which  waa  greatly  needed,  as  it 
had  been  allowed  to  run  almost  to  waste  for  several 
years  before.  What  with  draining,  planting,  pruning, 
and  manuring,  he  has  had  his  hands  full  of  it,  but  now 
Nature  promises  to  recompense  him  for  all  his  labour 
in  her  behalf.  In  addition  to  his  extensive  orchard 
of  over  40  acres  he  has  lately  planted  about  12  acres 
more,  partly  of  small  fruit,  such  as  Gooseberries,  red 
and  black  Currants,  Strawberries,  Raspberries,  and 
a  large  number  of  the  newer  kinds  of  Apples  not 
formerly  grown  on  the  estate,  such  as  Eclinville 
Seedling,  Lord  Suffield,  and  the  like.  Of  Lord 
Suffield  he  has  planted  700,  all  looking  well  ;  and 
200  Victoria  Plums,  which  were  in  full  bloom  about 
the  first  and  second  week  of  May,  when  we  had  such 
heavy  hailstorms,  and  which,  nevertheless,  are  setting 
well.  This  Plum  seems  to  be  the  best  for  outdoor 
cultivation  in  our  northern  climate,  as  it  stands  the 
cold  well,  is  a  free  setter,  and  great  bearer.  We 
wish  the  Laird  of  Gourdiehill  every  success  in  his 
most  laudable  enterprise— an  enterprise  which  greatly 
beautifies  the  world,  for  what  is  finer  in  spring  than 
the  Apple  bloom  ?  and  which  adds  greatly  to  the  food 


down  at  32°,  and  blackened  the  Potatos  a  good  deal 
near  the  seaside,  up  here  they  were  not  so  far  ad- 
vanced, and  being  mostly  dry  weather  the  frost  did 
not  trouble  us  much  although  it  was  down  at  36"  on 
the  25th  in  the  garden.  J.  Mitchell^  Carnousiie, 

Midlothian. — The  season  is  a  fortnight  later 
than  the  average  at  this  date,  but  crops  are  making 
good  progress,  and  if  the  remainder  of  the  season 
prove  favourable  the  fruit  crop  promises  to  be  the 
heaviest  and  finest  we  have  had  for  the  last  ten  years 
at  least.  Fruit  trees  are  generally  in  fine  health,  and 
free  from  insects.  All  the  best  sorts^of  Apples  are 
bearing  abundantly,  and  there  is  scarcely  any  sort 
but  has  a  fair  crop  upon  it  Pears  are  a  heavy  crop 
on  some  trees,  and  light  on  others  of" the  same  kind, 
but  fully  an  average  on  the  whole.  Plums  and 
Cherries  are  similar  to  the  Pears.  Apricots  have  not 
been  so  fine  for  many  years,  both  for  crop  and 
quality.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are  also  fully  an 
average  crop,  and  fine  clean  fruit.  Strawberries  and 
all  small  fruits  are  abundant,  and  very  fine,  if  the 
next  month  will  only  be  favourable  to  ripen  them. 
M.  Dunn,  Dalkeith. 


ENGLAND.— NORTHERN    COUNTIES. 

Durham. — Fruit  crops  gave  indications  of  being 
heavy.  Pear  trees  were  covered  with  clean  and 
healthy  blooms,  but  the  repeated  late  frosts  caused 
most  to  drop,  so  there  is  only  a  scanty  crop  left. 
Apple  trees  fared  better  by  being  later  in  blooming, 
and  have  set  a  good  crop.  Gooseberries,  black  and 
red  Currants  all  suffered,  and  although  a  fair  crop 
remains,  a  great  many  dropped.  J.  Hunter,  Lambton 
Castle  Fence  Houses. 

Westmoreland.  —  A  very  promising  show  of 
bloom  was  completely  ruined  by  cold  weather  in  May. 
From  May  7  to  19  an  aggregate  of  29"  of  frost  was 
registered,  S"  on  the  Sth  being  most.  Gooseberries 
are  a  failure  ;  Currants  lost  the  top  berries  on  strings  ; 
Apples  seem  to  have  been  frosted  when  in  bud.  IV. 
A.  Miller.  Under  ley,  Kirby- Lonsdale. 

V'ORKSHIRE.  —  Apricots  are  very  good  in  some 
places,  in  other  places  they  were  partly  destroyed  by 
frost  ;  on  the  whole  they  are  good.  Plums,  too, 
suffered  very  much  from  the  same  cause.  Currants 
suffered  very  much  from  frost  when  in  bloom,  but 
there  will  be  a  fair  crop.     Apples  and  Pears  will  be 


Fig.   14. — NEW  FLOWER  MARKET,    COVENT  GARDEN  :     ELEVATION   NEXT  TAVISTOCK  STREET. 


supplies  of  our  country.  We  are  glad,  however,  to 
be  able  to  say  that  others  in  the  Carse  are  "going  in" 
heartily  for  the  same  sort  of  work,  notably  Mr.  Jack- 
son, farmer,  Port  Allen,  and  lessee  of  the  orchard  there, 
who  has  been  pruning  on  a  very  extensive  scale,  and 
has  had  one  of  the  most  scientific  men  in  the  horticultu- 
ral profession  assisting  him.  We  learn  with  pleasure 
he  is  likely  to  be  rewarded  for  his  labour,  as  the 
orchard  this  year  is  looking  uncommonly  well.  There 
are  others  in  the  district  who  are  "going  in"  for 
orchard  improving,  some  on  a  larger  and  some  on  a 
small  scale,  and  all  are  hopeful  of  being  amply  re- 
warded for  their  labour  notwithstanding  the  fearful 
forebodings  of  some  unsuccessful  pomologists,  who 
foolishly  declare  that  fruit  will  not  now  pay  the 
grower  unless  the  prices  are  raised  by  legislative  pro- 
tection— a  dream  which  is  not  likely  to  be  realised. 
A  Correspondent  in  the  Carse  (?'  Goavrie. 

•  Apples  have  set  a  most  abundant  crop.    Pears 

planted  in  or  about  1855  did  not  recover  from  the 
effects  of  iSSo-Si,  a  few  young  trees  we  have  now  set 
well,  but  all  late.  Currants  of  all  sorts  are  most  abun- 
dant. Rasps  only  in  flower  and  not  set  yet,  but  will  be 
good.  Thesamemay  be  said  of  Strawberries.  We  had 
frost  every  now  and  again  up  to  June  8.  when  it   was 


Apricots  are  really  a  good  crop,  and  if  the 

season  is  in  their  favour  there  will  be  a  good  return. 
Plums,  none,  through  rough  weather  when  in  bloom  ; 
ditto  Cherries  ;  rough  weather  made  them  set  thinly. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  none  outside.  Apples  seem 
to  have  set  splendidly,  but  I  am  afraid  they  are 
very  late.  Pears  a  meagre  crop.  Small  fruits 
and  Strawberries  seem  about  the  usual  weight. 
Nuts,  none.  C.  Johnstone,  Dalhousie  Castle  Gardens, 
Lasswade. 

WiGTON. — Plums  flowered  abundantly  but  set 
irregularly,  and  on  the  whole  the  crop  will  be  light. 
Cherries  are  a  fuJl  crop.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are 
not  much  grown  out-of-doors,  but  where  grown  the 
leaves  are  much  blistered  ;  a  fair  amount  of  fruit  has 
set.  Of  Apples  I  do  not  remember  ever  to  have  seen 
a  more  abundant  set  than  there  is  this  year.  The 
foliage  is  unusually  fine.  Pears  flowered  freely.  The 
crop  is  irregular,  in  some  places  moderate,  but  gene- 
rally thinly  set.  Small  fruits,  generally  a  large  crop. 
Gooseberries  in  some  places  indifferent,  in  others 
loaded  with  fruit.  The  fine  summer  and  autumn  of 
last  year  ripened  the  wood  of  all  sorts  of  fruit  trees 
thoroughly,  conseqently  the  fine  bloom,  A.  Fowler, 
Castle  Kennedyt'^Slranraer. 


a  large  crop  ;  the  trees  are  in  fine  foliage,  and  the 
fruit  look  healthy.    W.  Culvejwell,  Thorpe  Ferroiu. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Currant  bushes  all 

the  fruit  trees  here  are  remarkably  clean.  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  and  Apricots  are  promising  well  for  a 
good  crop  of  fine  fruit.  Plums  and  Gooseberries  are 
the  worst  crops  ;  both  suffered  by  the  7°  of  frost  we 
had  on  May  7.  Thomas  Jones,  Ribston  Hall, 
IVetherby. 

Lancashire. — We  had  an  extraordinary  promise 
of  fruit  in  the  spring,  bloom  was  abundant  and  good. 
The  protracted  cold  and  sharp  frost,  however,  proved 
too  much  for  the  Pears  and  Plums,  only  a  sprinkling 
escaping.  Black  Currants  and  early  Strawberries 
were  much  injured  also.  I  expected  an  extraordinary 
crop  of  Apples,  but  so  many  have  dropped  after 
apparently  setting  that  I  do  not  now  anticipate  any- 
thing over  an  average  crop.  The  trees  were  attacked 
with  Aphis  during  the  dry  weather  of  last  month, 
which  undoubtedly  caused  much  injury.  IV.  B.  Up- 
john,  Worsley  Hall,  Manchester, 

On  the  whole  this  is  a  fruitful  year,  but  things 

are  backward.  It  was  the  26th  of  this  month  before 
I  could  see  colour  in  a  single  Strawberry  on  a  south 
border.      There     are    not     many    Apricots    grown, 


vV 


74 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  i8 


but  I  have  seen  mote  fruit  of  these  anJ  Plums 
than  for  four  years.  Damions  none.  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  set  well,  and  where  tiniL-ly  attention  has 
been  given  to  arrest  the  progress  of  the  fly  there  are 
good  crops.  In  a  neighbouring  garden  I  have  seen 
several  varieties  of  Pears  on  south  wall  so  well 
furnished  with  fruit  that  a  dozen  could  be  covered 
with  the  hand.  Many  of  our  large  orchard  trees  are 
almost  destitute  of  fruit,  a  circumstance  we  attribule 
to  the  north-west  wind  which  blew  with  force  and 
bitterness  during  nearly  the  whole  of  May.  At 
present  there  is  a  good  crop  of  Apples  on  all  trees, 
but  many  may  drop.  Small  fruiis,  excepting  perhaps 
black  Currants,  are  as  good  crops  as  any  one  could 
wish.  Gooseberries  in  these  gardens  have  a  tremen- 
dous crop.    IV.  Roberts,  Ctterdcn  Hall,  Preston, 


conspicuous  by  the  unusual  size  of  the  flowers,  and, 
had  the  weather  been  favourable,  fruit  would  have 
been  plentiful  instead  of,  as  it  now  is,  only  paiiial. 
Richard  Can;  U'dh-ck  Gardens,  Worksop. 

Leicestershire. — A  profuse  display  of  blossom 
on  fruit  trees  generally  was  followed  by  an  abundant 
setting  of  fruit.  Although  the  weather  was  cold  in 
April  and  May  no  frost  of  sufficient  severity  occurred 
in  this  district  to  affsct  the  fruit  crops.  Owing  to  the 
deficient  rainfall  of  the  preceding  seventeen  months, 
the  subsoil  is  very  dry,  and  it  has  been  necessary  lo 
apply  copious  waterings  to  Apricots  and  Peach  trees 
on  outer  walls.  Morello  Cherries  have  suffered  from 
black-fly,    W.  Iii^r.uii,  Btlvoir. 


MIDLAND  COUNTIES. 
Bucks. — Peaches  and  N"ectarines  look  remarkably 
well,  very  clean  and' healthy.  Pears  are  a  very  fine 
crop,  trees  look  well  ;  we  have  thinned  once  and  shall 
have  to  thin  again.  Apples  bloomed  beautifully,  but 
set  badly,  and  a  good  many  have  dropped  off.  Straw- 
berries are  a  wonderful  crop.  Morello  Cherries  are 
very  fine  and  much  cleaner  than  usual.  In  orchards 
about  here  a  good  crop  generally  of  sweet  Cherries. 
T.  Bailey,  Shardiloes,  Amersham. 

This   is   a   very    fruitful   season    hereabouts. 

Apricots,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Plums  are  very 
plentiful  and  good  ;  Apples,  Pears,  and  Cherries  very 
abundant ;  Raspberries  and  Strawberries  likewise. 
The  Gooseberry,  black  Currant,  and  A\'alnut  crops  in 
certain  places  sustained  considerable  damage  by  frost, 
are  therefore  less  abundant.  I  fear  insect  pesls  will 
be  very  troublesome,  they  ate  already  very  abundant, 
and  will,  under  the  influence  of  real  summer  weather, 
such  as  we  are  now  having,  so  rapidly  increase  and 
spread  that  it  will  take  up  much  time  to  keep  the 
number  within  reasonable  bounds,  G,  T,  Miles, 
Wyeombe  Abbey. 

Hertfordshire. — The  fruit  crops  in  this  and  sur- 
rounding neighbourhood  are  generally  good.  Apples 
being  the  exception  ;  owing  to  the  severe  frosts  from 
May  S  to  12,  much  of  the  Apple  blossom  was  killed, 
consequently  the  crop  is  a  very  partial  one,  and  trees 
much  infested  with  aphis  and  American  blight.  Pears 
and  Cherries  are  generally  good  crops,  also  Plums 
and  Damsons  ;  Green  Gages  thin,  except  in  sheltered 
situations  ;  Gooseberries,  Currants,  and  Raspberries 
abundant  crops,  and  good  ;  Filberts  appear  very 
plentiful  everywhere.  R.  Ritjfett,  Panshaiiger 

PiaRKS.  —  Our  fiuit  crops  on  the  whole  are  very 
good.  Some  of  the  Apple  trees  are  very  much 
blistered,  with  very  little  young  wood  on  them,  which, 
no  doubt,  is  owing  to  the  spring  frosts  and  cold  east 
winds.  I  may  add,  we  still  have  most  unfavourable 
weather  for  both  trees  and  fruit,  as  the  temperature  for 
some  nights  past  has  been  down  to  37°  and  'i,%^,  with 
a  very  cold  north-east  wind.    T.  Jones,  Fro^more. 

Wilts. — .\lthough  the  Apricot  and  Plum  crops  are 
light  the  fruit  crop  of  1SS5,  taking  it  altogether,  may 
be  pronounced  a  plentiful  one.  The  Apple  crop  is  an 
abundant  one,  though  some  of  the  trees  in  our 
orchard,  which  are  exposed  to  the  north  and'east 
winds,  have  suffered  from  the  effects  of  May  frosts. 
Trees  of  the  following  varieties  of  Pears  are  bearing 
heavy  crops,  viz.  :— Marie  Louise,  Glou  Morceau, 
Chaumontel,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Beurre  Ranee,  Ne 
Plus  Meuris,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Passe  Colmar, 
Van  Mons  Leon  le  Clerc,  Allhorp  Crasanne,  Bon  Chre- 
tien, Fondante,  Duchesse  de  Mars,  Easier  Beurre, 
Jargonelle.  Plums  of  the  following  varieties  are 
fairly  well  cropped  :— Magnum  Bonum,  Mitchelson's 
Orleans,  Denyer's  Victoria,  Pond's  Seedling,  Kirke's, 
and  a  sprinkling  of  Gteen  Gages.  Cherries  :— May 
Duke,  Bigarreau,  Cleveland,  Empress  Eugenie,  and 
Governor  Wood,  are  bearing  well.  H.  W.  Ward, 
Longford  Castle,  Salisbury. 

Stafford, — I  never  saw  the  Apple  trees  so  full  of 
doom  as  they  were  this  season  ;  however,  some 
varieties  have  not  set  well,  and  are  only  a  thin  crop. 
The  most  prolific  here  are  Cellini,  Lord  Suffield, 
Keswick,  Small's  Admirable,  and  Hawthornden. 
Pears  were  very  full  of  bloom,  but  are  only  just  an 
average  crop.  With  a  fine  autumn  they  should  be 
good  in  quality.  Gooseberries,  Raspberries,  Straw- 
berries, and  black  and  red  Currants  I  never  saw  so 
full  of  fruit  as  they  are  this  season.  J  IValtis,  A'eele 
Hall  Gardens,  Neii'cast le-tinder- Lyne. 

Notts.— Apples,  Plums,  and  Pears  flowered  in 
the  greatest  profusion.      Pears  generally  were  very 


EASTERN  COUNTIES. 

Suffolk. — The  show  of  blossom  and  the  set  of 
fruit  on  nearly  all  trees  gave  promise  of  a  more  than 
usually  heavy  crop,  but  the  effects  of  the  frosts  in 
May  are  now  showing  themselves,  as  the  ground  is 
quite  covered  with  Appples,  Pears,  and  Cherries, 
more  than  half  of  which  have  fallen  ;  but  as  regards 
the  two  first. named  this  is  rather  an  advantage,  as 
there  would  have  been  much  labour  and  lime  taken 
up  in  thinning.  Plums  aie  almost  a  total  failure, 
and  the  trees  are  much  afl'ecled  with  aphis.  Bush 
fruit  is  abundant  ;  but  Strawberries  are  deformed 
through  the  cold  when  the  plants  were  in  bloom. 
J.  Sheppard,  ipi-i'ich. 

Never  were   prospects  more  brilliant,  but  the 

produce  will  prove  disappointing.  Plums,  Apples, 
and  Pears,  will  be  thin,  while  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
Apricots,  and  Cherries,  will  be  fairly  plentiful. 
Gooseberries  and  Currants,  unless  where  frost-tjitten 
and  bird-picked  in  bud,  will  be  plentiful.  Rasp- 
berries very  fine.  Strawberries  also  full  crop.  The 
Apple  fruits  are  not  only  falling  fast,  but  the  trees  are 
considerably  blighted  and  mildewed.  D.  T.  Fish, 
Hardiuieke,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Norfolk. — Crops  in  general  very  backward. 
Apples  a  wonderful  show  of  bloom,  but  crops  appa- 
rently thin.  Strawberries,  good  show,  but  many 
blind  ;  at  present  time  a  few  only  changing  colour. 
The  late  spring  frosts  spoiled  the  crops  of  Currants 
and  Gooseberries,  except  in  a  few  districts ;  also 
Plums  and  Pears  got  well  set  before  the  late  frosts, 
but  a  good  ciop  left  after  a  severe  thinning.  Nuts 
only  beginning  to  form — apparently  a  good  crop. 
Raspberries  a  heavy  crop.  J.  Forder,  Hillington 
Hall  /un£s  Lynn. 

Lincolnshire. ^The  fruit  crops  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, as  a  whole,  are  very  promising.  Plums  and 
Cherries  excepted  ;  Morello  Cherries  a  good  crop.  I 
have  never  witnessed  such  a  show  of  blossom  on  fruit 
trees  of  all  kinds  as  we  have  had  this  spring.  Apple 
and  Pear  trees  were  quite  pictures  to  look  upon,  and 
in  most  casi.s  have  set  fairly  well,  and  we  anticipate 
a  better  fruit  season  than  we  have  had  (or  several 
years  back.  D.  Lumsden,  Bloxham  Hall,  Sleaford. 


WESTERN    COUNTIES. 

Chesmike. — Apricots,  there  is  an  average  crop  in 
this  district.  Plums  are  under  ;  scarcely  any  Dam- 
sons. Cherries  are  good  ;  Morellos  plentiful.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  are  bad,  scarcely  worth  the  growing. 
Apples  will  be,  I  think,  about  an  average  crop,  but 
like  all  other  fruits  are  very  late.  Pears  will  be  a 
poor  crop.  Of  small  fruits,  except  Raspberries, 
there  is  scarcely  any ;  Strawberries  promise  a  fine 
crop,  bu'  are  very  late.  J.  Grant,  Wiiliim^on  Hall, 
Cre-we. 

Worcestershire. — The  garden  crops  generally 
are  more  satisfactory  than  for  the  past  two  seasons. 
Pears  on  the  walls  are  clean,  and  uniformly  well- 
coloured,  even  at  this  early  date.  In  the  case  of 
Apples,  although  such  a  profusion  of  Vjlossom,  in 
many  places  only  a  part  of  the  crop  remains,  so  many 
have  fallen,  due  in  a  great  measure  to  the  excessive 
heat  and  drought  of  last  summer.  Gooseberries  are 
an  exceedingly  heavy  crop,  and  the  berries  of  very 
large  size,  in  fact  all  bush  fruits  are  a  heavy  and 
excellent  crop.    IF.  Child. 

• The   Apple  crop  is  not  so  abundant  as  was 

expected — so  many  fruit  have  dropped  off,  probably 
from  weakness,  resulting  from  an  extra  profusion  of 
bloom.  Pears  are  growing  kindly,  and  good  gene- 
rally. Apricots  fairly  good  crops,  accompanied  by 
the  usual  tantalising  dying  off  of  branches.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  a  thin  crop  ;  much  blistering  of  leaves, 
but   trees  are    now  growing   out   of  it.     Plums  an 


indifferent  crop,  Pershores,  Victorias,  and  the  Shrop- 
shire Damson  excepted.  Cheriies  are  a  good  crop  j 
trees  of  both  Cherries  and  Plums  affected  with  aphides. 
Strawberry  crops  are  enormous,  consequently  small  in 
size.  Bush  fruits  very  good,  although  in  places  birds 
have  reduced  the  crops  by  their  mischievous  attacks 
upon  the  buds  in  winter.  Walnuts  in  abundance. 
W.  Crump,  Madresfield  Court. 

Hereford.— The  fruit  crop  in  this  district  is 
partial,  low-lying  gardens  having  suflered  from  the 
effects  of  the  sharp  frosts  in  May.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines are  abundant  and  fine,  and  the  trees  are  in 
fine  condition.  Some  kinds  of  Pears  will  require 
much  thinning,  while  many  trees  growing  under 
similar  conditions  are  fruitless  or  carrying  very  thin 
crops.  Apricots  in  some  places  are  abundant,  in 
others  the  trees  lost  nearly  all  their  flower-buds  when 
the  size  of  swan-shot.  Cherries  of  all  kinds  are  plen- 
tiful on  walls.  Orchard  trees  are  generally  thin,  and 
the  fruit  is  still  dropping.  Apples,  our  sheet-anchor, 
do  not  quite  realise  many  people's  expectations,  and 
although  there  will,  no  doubt,  be  a  good  harvest, 
many  trees  being  laden,  there  is  not  the  all-round 
crop  of  the  choicer  kinds  which  the  abundant  blossom 
led  us  to  anticipate.  Heavy  crops  last  year,  a  pre- 
mature check  during  the  intense  heat  last  August, 
followed  by  a  tardy,  sluggish  spring,  may  account  for 
a  partial  set  of  fruit.  Frost  cannot  be  the  cause, 
as  we  have  not  had  any  since  the  first  flowers  opened. 
Grub,  as  might  be  expected  after  a  mild  winter,  is 
rather  troublesome  in  some  orchards.  Black  Currants 
are  badly  blighted.  All  other  bush  fruits,  also  Straw- 
berries, are  clean,  plentiful,  and  fine.  W.  Coleman, 
Eastnor  Castle. 

Somersetshire.- Abundance  of  bloom  on  all 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  but  where  exposed  to  cold  winds 
the  greater  portion  of  the  apparently  well-set  fruit 
failed  to  swell.  Apples  and  Pears  over  plentiful  on 
some  trees,  and  very  thin  on  others,  a  good  deal 
evidently  depending  upon  the  time  of  blooming  of 
the  respective  sorts.  Peach  trees  blistered  badly,  but 
they  are  recovering  rapidly.  Strawberries  suffered 
both  from  cold  winds  and  drought,  and  the  fruiis  are 
unusually  small  in  consequence.  Raspberries  very 
promising.    W.  /^gulden,  Marston  House,  frome. 

Devonshire. — There  is  every  prospect  of  a  good 
fruit  season.  We  have  had  scarcely  any  rain  for  a 
long  time  to  get  down  lo  the  roots  of  fruit  Irees,  and 
unless  it  comes  very  soon  the  drought  will  seriously 
affect  the  crop.  Strawberries  are  suffering  much  now 
on  our  light  soil,  I  looked  through  the  Apple  orchards 
to-day  :  both  table  and  cider  fruit  are  full  crops.  In 
market  gardens  in  the  neighbourhood  early  Plums 
(Rivers' Early,  which  is  extensively  grown)  are  very 
prolific  and  good.  D.  C.  Poifell,  Po^odetham  Castle 
Gardens,  Kenton. 

Apple  and  all  other  fruit  trees  were  remark- 
able for  the  density  and  quantity  of  bloom  on  joung 
and  old  trees  alike,  and  also  for  the  generally  healthy 
vigorous  growth  they  have  since  made.  The  Apple 
crop  now  promises  abundantly,  but  Pears  and  Plums 
are  decidedly  deficient  in  fruit  bearing,  though  they 
still  retain  their  vigour  of  growth.  Apricots,  Peaches 
and  Nectarines,  too,  are  remarkable  for  vigorous, 
clean,  healthy  growth,  and  the  fruit  upon  tliem 
decidedly  beyond  average,  more  especially  Apiicots. 
Other  fruits  are  a  fair  crop,  but  likely  to  suffer  from 
Ihe  dry  stale  of  the  ground,  the  rainfall  being  much 
below  average  during  the  winter  months,  and  up  to 
this  time.  J.  Enstone,  Wear,  Exeter. 


WALES. 


Pembroke. — The  Apple  trees  bloomed  wonder- 
fully well  this  season  ;  but  wet  and  stormy  weather 
prevailing  at  the  time,  all  but  destroyed  the  crop. 
The  varieties  which  withstood  the  weather  best,  and 
of  which  we  have  fair  crops,  are  Royal  Russet, 
Hawthornden,  Keswick  Codlin,  Ilanwell  Souring, 
Rymer,  Eclinville,  King  of  Pippins,  Wyken  Pippin, 
Perry  Pippin,  Red  Autumn  Calville,  Reinette  du 
Canada,  and  sheltered  trees  of  other  sorts  are  fair, 
especially  Cox's  Orange  and  Blenheim  Pippins.  The 
trees  on  the  walls  are  also  good.  Pears  are  bad  with 
the  exception  of  Josephine  de  Malines,  which  is  very 
good.   Geo.  Griffin,  Slebecfz  Park. 


CHANNEL    ISLANDS. 

Jersey. — Fruit  trees,  as  a  rule,  are  looking  healthy 

and  well,  making    vigorous   growth.     The  bloom  of 

Apricots,  Nectarines,   Peaches,   and  Plums,    suffered 

much  during  the  hot  weather  in  May,  much  of  the 


July  iS,   1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


75 


setting  fruit  falling  off.  Morello  Ch;rries  promised  to 
be  an  abundant  crop,  but  quantities  of  the  fruit  turned 
yellow  and  fell  ofT.  Strawberries  are  a  low  average, 
but  Currants  and  Raspberries  will  be  abundant.  Nuts 
are  not  grown  here.  Medlars  and  Quinces  will  be  a 
full  crop.   C.  B.  Sanders,  SI.  Sa:nour's. 


SOUTHERN  COUNTIES. 
Middlesex. — The  Pear  crop  is  especially  good, 
nearly  every  variety  and  nearly  every  tree  bearing  a 
full  crop.  The  trees  are  healthy  and  the  fruit  swelling 
freely.  By  far  the  linest  crop  that  has  been  noted 
for  many  years.  Apples,  especially  on  young  dwarf 
trees,  are  very  abundant  and  good.  Plums,  a  few 
leading  varieties  such  as  Victoria,  Wood's  Seedling, 
Goliath  are  very  abundant  ;  others  a  complete 
failure.  A.  F.  Ban  on,  Koval  Horticultiiial  Scdclys 
Garden,  Cliiswitk. 

Generally   throughout   this    market    orchard 

district  the  fruit  prospects  give  the  greatest  satisfaction  ; 
still,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  in  many  cases  the 
superb  bloom  prospects  have  not  been  fully  borne 
out.  This  is  specially  the  case  with  Cherries,  which, 
though  marked  in  the  tabulated  return  from  here  as 
"average,"  must  not  be  assumed  to  be  good.  Really, 
an  average  Cherry  crop  is  a  very  moderate  one,  and 
that  is  the  state  of  the  crop  this  year.  In  some 
gardens  Gooseberries  are  thin,  having  fallen  in  swell- 
ing ;  but  in  many  other  gardens  the  crop  is  an  abun- 
dant one.  Currants  are  moderate,  the  bloom  bunches 
having  been  thinned  by  frost  ;  but  no  doubt  the  fruit 
sample  will  be  good.  On  the  whole  it  may  be  said 
that  the  present  season's  fruit  crop  will  prove  to  be 
one  of  the  best  known  for  several  years  in  this  locality. 
A.  D.,  Bedfonl. 

Surrey.  —  The  spring  of  1S85  will  be  looked 
upon  as  the  most  promising  one  for  fruit  crops 
lor  many  years.  Owing,  I  think,  to  the  late  hot 
summer,  which  ripened  the  wood  so  well,  every 
variety  of  fruit,  and  nearly  every  plant  or  bush  was 
clothed  with  blooming  buds  and  crowns,  and  to  a 
great  extent  our  hopes  and  prospects  are  realised. 
The  frosty  nights  which  we  had  the  second  week  in 
May  did  little  or  no  damage  to  the  bulk  of  fruit  trees. 
Gooseberries  were  clothed  with  foliage  ;  Apples  were 
not  forward  enough  ;  Pears  and  Cherries  were  in  full 
bloom,  but,  being  dry,  they  did  not  suffer  to  the 
extent  that  was  expected  ;  but  in  the  third  week  we 
were  visited  by  heavy  and  continuous  hailstorms,  which 
cut  off  the  Pears  from  the  tops  and  exposed  sides, 
and  the  leaves  were  riddled  with  the  stones.  The 
varieties  that  carry  the  best  crops  are,  of  Pears, 
Jersey  Gratioli,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Bergamo, 
d'Esperen,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Iluyshe's  Prince 
of  Wales,  Winter  Nelis,  Seckle,  Ne  Plus  Meuris, 
Dr.  Trousseau,  and  Swan's  Egg.  Apples  are  good 
all  round  :  the  first  on  my  list  of  heavy  bearers  are  :^ 
Duchess  of  Oldenberg,  Lord  Suffield,  Dumelow's 
Seedling,  Forge  iVpple,  King  of  the  Pippins,  Blen- 
heim Orange,  and  Yorkshire  Greening.  Strawberries 
are  excellent,  but  quite  three  weeks  late.  Goose- 
berries and  Currants,  red  and  black,  are  even  crops. 
Plums  are  scarce,  except  on  walls,  where  they  are 
plentiful  and  clean.  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apri- 
cots are  good  crops,  clean  and  free  from  blister. 
Cherries  also  are  above  the  average  A,  Evans,  Lyihe 
Hill,  llaslemere. 

Kent. — Our  whole  crop  in  this  district,  with  hardly 
a  single  exception,  is  most  abundant  ;  a  few  varieties 
of  Apples,  Pears,  and  Plums,  which  bore  heavily  last 
year,  are  thin  ;  other  varieties  are  carrying  immense 
crops,  and  strenuous  endeavours  are  made  to  secure 
the  yield,  but  in  my  opinion,  half  must  be  left  un- 
picked or  otherwise  spoiled.  The  foliage  of  every- 
thing is  remarkably  clear  of  insects  and  blight, 
particularly  the  Apples,  which  have  for  some  years 
past  been  infested  with  caterpillar.   //.  Canncll. 

The  blossoming  was  the   most  abundant  seen 

for  many  years,  but  the  low  temperature  prevented  a 
perfect  set,  and  the  frost  in  many  places  entirely 
destroyed  the  crop  of  black  Currants  and  Plums  ; 
but,  generally  speaking,  the  crops  may  be  described 
as  good,  and  that  o  I  Pears  as  the  most  abundant  lor  many 
years.  The  Kent  Damsons  are  very  partial,  but  Cob 
Nuts  are  unusually  abundant.  G,  Bunyatd,  Maidstone. 

Sussex. — Apple  crops  excellent.  Apricots,  Peaches, 
Nectarines  abundant,  all  looking  well.  Pears  good 
on  the  walls  but  thin  on  standards.  All  kinds  of 
Currants  plentiful.  Gooseberries  thin,  principally 
owing  to  birds  destroying  the  buds,  which  is  becoming 
very  general  about   this   locality.     Filberts  are  the 


heaviest  crop  I  have  seen  for  years.  F.  Rnlland, 
Goodiuood,  Sussex, 

Hants,— Until  May  8  fruit  trees  ofal!  kinds  looked 
unusually  promising  for  abundant  crops  of  fruit ; 
Pears  and  Plums  setting  freely,  but  the  S°  of  frost  on 
May  7  and  S  caused  the  fruit  to  drop,  and  Cherries 
are  very  much  blighted  and  much  affected  with  black- 
fly,  and  a  poor  crop  with  the  exception  of  Morellos, 
which  are  good.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  where  pro- 
tected are  carrying  a  good  crop  and  trees  look  well. 
Apples  a  good  crop  but  many  kinds  much  blighted. 
Small  fruits  a  good  and  abundant  crop.  IV.  Smythe, 
Basing  Pari;  Allan.  » 

With  the  exception  of  Plums,  all  fruit  crops 

in  this  district  are  much  above  the  average.  Plums 
flowered  profusely,  but  when  in  full  blossom  we  had 
from  4**  to  8°  of  frost  every  morning  for  a  fortnight,  and 
though  they  did  at  first  seem  to  set  well  they  dropped 
as  soon  as  warmer  weather  set  in.  Pears  have  an 
extra  heavy  crop.  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apricots 
the  same,  and  the  trees  are  clean  and  vigorous. 
Apples,  like  Plums,  suffered  from  frost,  but  still  there 
is  a  good  crop  and  the  trees  are  clean.  IV.  Wildsmitli, 
Hechfield.        

MARKET    GARDENING. 

(.Continued /rem  /.  799,  vol.  xxiii.) 

I  HAVE  referred  more  than  once  in  past  remarks  to 
"thick  cropping  ;"  indeed,  the  very  fact  that  "foot 
crops  "  exist  in  market  gardens  by  the  hundreds  of 
acres  is  proof  of  their  desirability.  Such  crops 
besides  are  as  often  short  of  the  mark  as  up  to  or 
over  it  ;  thus,  not  infrequently,  stiff,  stocky  seedlings 
are  planted  at  10  inches  apart.  Practical  tests  have 
shown  me  that  wide  planting  has  little  in  itself  to 
recommend  it. 

Autumn-planted  Cabbage  plants  at  7  inches  apart 
hearted  up  in  the  following  spring  splendidly,  fitting 
tightly  together,  so  that  a  dense  row  of  hearts  was  the 
result.  Cabbages,  as  all  know,  are  not  needed  to  be 
very  large,  as  good  medium-sized,  well-hearted  heads 
are  preferred.  I  wish  to  show  how  economically  the 
ground  can  be  employed.  Plants  protect  each  other, 
when  thickly  planted,  during  winter,  and,  above  all, 
the  great  advantages  accruing  to  the  ground  being 
covered,  both  as  regards  the  retention  of  moisture  in 
it  during  dry  weather,  and  the  prevention  of  growth. 
These  considerations  are  important,  but  that  of  thick 
cropping,  so  as  to  retain  moisture,  is  during  the  late 
spring  and  early  autumn  months  all-important.  Be- 
sides these  advantages,  the  practice  lessens  the 
work  of  hoeing  immensely.  Nor  should  it  be  at 
variance  with  the  best  system  of  culture,  for  surely  to 
cover  the  ground  with  a  green  garb  should  be  the  aim 
of  good  gardening,  not  to  permit  bare  places  between 
rows  like  "  drives  "  in  a  wood.  The  adage 
"  Whoever  can  make  two  ears  of  corn  or  two  blades 
of  grass  grow  upon  a  spot  of  ground  where  only 
one  grew  before,  deserves  well  of  mankind,"  has 
more  in  it  than  appears  in  confirmation  of  my 
statement,  supported  as  it  is  by  market  garden  farm 
practices  around. 

As  regards  Cabbages,  reasonably  thick  cropping 
means  earlier  maturity  and  more  weight  from  a  given 
piece  of  ground.  Whilst  upon  this  subject  a  contrast 
may  well  be  drawn  between  open-air  in  the  fields, 
and  the  more  confined  limits  of  most  gardens.  Full 
free  air  means  "stocky"  plants,  early  maturity,  and 
excellence. 

Here  I  may  turn  aside  to  refer  to  the  ground-line 
conformation  of  kitchen  gardens  generally.  In  a  far 
too  common  way  ' '  quarters  "are  much  lower  between 
paths  and  the  bush  or  espalier  fruits,  which  all  but 
invariably  surround  them,  than  is  needful.  When 
forming  gardens  of  this  kind  there  can  be  no  reason 
why  walks  may  not  be  lowered  lor  the  benefit  of  the 
crops  upon  the  quarters— the  soil  removed  being  applied 
to  raising  the  latter,  and  levelled  down  at  the  sides  of 
the  walks  whereon  such  fruits  are  grown  so  as  to,  in 
a  word,  elevate  the  actual  vegeLable  ground.  Again, 
the  old  system  of  forming  alleys  between  crops  has 
a  similar  advantage,  giving  crops  by  elevation  a  far 
more  favourable  aspect.  Moreover  it  is  beneficial  to 
root-crops,  such  as  Beet,  Carrots,  &c.,  so  to  grow 
them,  as  even  during  dry  weather  they  benefit  by 
being  forced  to  push  their  tap-roots  downward  in 
search  of  moisture. 

If,  however,  one  kind  of  vegetable  more  than 
another  will  succeed  well  thickly  planted,  or  upon 
what  I  may  call  mound-beds,  it  is  the  Cabbage. 
The  plants  like  exposure  and  firm  roothold.    To  the 


latter  I  can  testify  from  a  fact  which  has  come  to  my 
knowledge  of  a  perfect  Cabbage  having  been  grown 
near  the  apex  of  a  wall,  in  precisely  the  same  manner 
as  Wallllowers  often  grow.  After  all  the  mound- 
shaped  bed  is  but  an  imitation  of  beds  formed  in  the 
process  of  ploughing  upon  all  plough-cultivated  lands. 
It  is  the  usual  intention  of  growers  to  have  as  abund- 
ant a  crop  of  each  as  is  possible  from  a  given 
space  of  ground.  I  maintain  emphatically  that  the 
old  rule  of  thumb  practice,  of  setting  out  Cabbage 
plants  wide  apart,  letting  them  struggle  on  upon 
a  bare  surrounding  throughout  the  winter,  only  to 
give  an  ordinary  heart  and  superabundance  of  gross 
useless  outer  leaves,  and  when  cut  to  still  continue 
the  stumps  for  the  purpose  of  a  meagre  supply  of  off- 
shoots, is  not  one  likely  to  satisfy  such  wishes — this, 
even  apart  from  the  incidental  work  of  hoeing 
ground,  impoverishment,  &c.,  before  referred  to. 

Clubbing  is  as  great,  or  greater,  an  enemy  to  the 
market  garden  grower's  crops  than  to  those  of  private 
growers.  Many  expedients  are  tried  lor  its  cure,  but 
with  little  result.  Gas-lime  seems  to  have  greatest 
value.  Large  quantities  are  annu.illy  carted  from 
gas  companies'  works  for  this  purpose.  Slight 
surfacings  are  given  before  ploughing  up  the 
ground,  and  some  growers  even  give  surfacings  imme- 
diately before  planting.  Artificial  manures  are  often 
applied  to  these  particular  crops  with  great  advan- 
tage. Fish  manures  in  any  form  give  marked  results, 
and  are  known  to  give  more  lasting  etiect  than  any 
others.  Soot  is  used  very  generally.  It  is  applied 
just  at  the  time  the  plants  are  in  active  growth  ;  and 
whilst  it  may  have  the  power  of  limiting  injury  by 
clubbing,  it  certainly  invariably  gives  the  crop  when 
applied  a  fillip  in  the  matter  of  growth,  and 
causes  it  to  become  of  a  deep  green  colour.  This 
is  a  kind  of  manure  easily  obtainable  and  applied, 
and  one  likely  to  prove  beneficial  to  all  enclosed 
gardens,  and  should  be  generally  used,  more  espe- 
cially where  only  a  limited  supply  of  farmyard 
manures  is  obtainable.  When  it  is  considered  how 
much  good  this  simple  aid  docs  to  the  soil,  even  with- 
in the  limits  of  what  may  be  called  the  soot  showers 
upon  land  around  the  metropolis,  is  it  not  reason- 
able to  say  that  its  influence  is  likely  to  be  far 
more  marked  or  beneficial  in  country  districts,  far 
removed  from  smoky  atmospheres  ?  Willi  tm  Earlty, 
Ilford. 


WATER    RAM. 

I  THINIC  it  will  be  some  time  before  the  expe- 
riences of  the  drought  of  last  summer  and  autumn 
are  forgotten  by  any  of  us.  In  common  with  many 
other  places  we  suffered  the  inconvenience  of  a  short 
supply  of  water;  horses  and  water-carts  were  daily 
at  work  to  keep  up  the  supply,  but  in  vain — for  the 
tanks  got  empty,  and  all  this  with  a  cloudless  sky, 
and  for  weeks  and  weeks  the  temperature  at  So°  or 
90°  in  the  shade.  It  became  quite  serious,  for  what 
is  a  garden  without  water?  At  last  Mr.  Blake,  the 
well-known  hydraulic  engineer,  was  consulted. 
"Nothing  simpler,"  said  he  j  "  you  have  a  plentiful 
supply  of  water  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant. 
I  can  supply  a  ram  which  will  give  you 
a  supply  of  6000  gallons  per  day  easily." 
Leave  was  granted,  and  in  a  wonderfully  short 
time  it  was  at  work,  and  the  aspect  of  everything  was 
changed,  for  on  the  topmost  tower  of  the  Castle  there 
was  water,  in  the  garden,  stables,  laundry,  mechanics' 
yard,  and  the  farm,  upwards  of  a  mile  distant  there 
was,  as  Coleridge  said,  "  Water,  water   everywhere." 

When  our  Ram  was  first  set  to  work  the  sound 
travelled  up  the  naked  pipe  in  a  remarkable  manner. 
"I'll  see,"  said  a  visitor  to  me  one  morning,  "that 
that  fine  ram  of  yours  is  stopped  at  night,  for  I  do 
believe  I  heard  it  all  night,"  but  this  noise  ceased 
directly  the  pipes  were  covered.  A  new  difficulty 
arose,  for  the  chemical  propertiesof  the  water  corroded 
the  iron  valves,  as  barnacles  do  an  uncoppered 
ship.  These  were  soon  replaced  with  valves  made  of 
gun-metal,  and  now  all  goes  as  "  merry  as  a  marriage 
bell  "—every  tank  is  brimful  of  soft-water,  and  already 
its  temperature  is  65°,  and  I  doubt  not  in  a  month  it 
will  have  risen  to  70°,  and  this  from  an  open  lake  of 
20  acres.  "  But  why  all  this  yarn  about  your  water 
supply?  "  asks  some  one.  Why  just  this  :  that  our  case 
represents  thousands  throughout  the  country,  and 
although  I  am  "  neither  a  prophet  nor  a  prophet's 
son,"  yet  many  do  predict  another  dry  season,  and  for 
the  encouragement  ol  those  who  contemplate  supply- 
ing their  estates  with  plenty  of  water  I  have  written 


76 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  i8 


RUSSELL     STREET. 


TAVISTOCK   STREET. 


10     5      o IP  go  30  40  50  63  73  8o  go 

I      I      L_.       I  _    _  I L_        I I L._     I I I 


Fig.  15. — NEW  FLOWER  MAKKET,  COVENT  GARDEN  :  GROUND  PLAN. 


this,  for  nearly  everywhere  it  is  practicable  and  no- 
where expensive,  compared  with  the  comfort. 

Before  I  leave  this  subject  I  would  also  ask  a 
question.  Why  is  it  that  from  Land's  End  to  John 
o'  Groat's  one  sees  every  brook  and  river  polluted  by 


the  drainage  of  dwellings  being  turned  into  them? 
On  the  sea  coast  and  in  our  very  large  cities  there  is 
some  excuse,  but  surely  in  the  open  country,  where 
millions  of  acres  are  starving  for  want  of  something  to 
encourage   vegetation,  surely  the  case   is   otherwise. 


So  fashionable  has  this  become  that  it  behoves  .hose 
of  us  who  live  in  the  country  at  all  times  to  raise  our 
voices  against  this  twofold  folly.  Why  poison  the 
stream  when  the  land  all  around  is  crying,  "  Give, 
give,  give  ?  "  J,  Rust,  Bridge  CastU^  Sussex, 


July  i8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


11 


THE  AFGHAN  DELIMITATION 
COMMISSION. 
We  {Xatttre)  are  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the 
Kew  authorities  for  the  opportunity  of  publishing  the 
accompanying  letter  from  Surgeon-Major  Aitchison, 
C.I.E.,  F.R.S.,  which  gives  the  most  recent  account 
of  his  work  as  naturalist  to  the  expedition  : — 

"  CampTir-Phul,  Northern  Afghanistan, 
6  miles  from  Khusan. 
"  Dear  Sir  Joseph  Hooker, — 

"  I  am  now  able  to  write  to  you  with  some  pleasure, 
as  I  have  been  able  to  put  together  this  year  some  300 
species  in  all.  The  last  100  I  obtained  on  a  ten  days' 
trip  that  I  made  from  this  camp.  I  left  this  on  April  25 
under  very  bad  auspices,  as  it  had  blown  all  night  and  was 
blowing  a  terrible  gale  with  every  chance  of  a  heavy  fall 
of  rain  from  the  north.  But  I  started  and  got  as  far  as 
Khusan,  in  the  vicinity  of  which,  beside  the  ruins  of  an 
old  'serai,'  I  halted.  I  picked  up  a  few  odds  and  ends, 
the  chief  attraction  was  the  Rosa  Margarita  (if  a  new 
sp.)  mihi.  It  covers  the  whole  country  in  localised 
patches,  and  being  very  dwarf  in  habit,  not  above  2  feet, 
the  flowers  are  seen  to  perfection  ;  they  open  out  expand- 
ing almost  flat,  when  the  brilliant  eyes,  formed  by  the 
claret  colour  of  the  bases  of  the  petals,  gives  it  quite  a 
character.     Amongst  my  Rose  hips  sent  to  you  last  year 


of  any  sort :  these  are  only  to  be  found  in  the  river  bed 
— viz.,  Populus  euphratica,  and  two  species  of  Tamarisk, 
and  a  Lycium.  At  TomAn-aghd,  in  the  bed  of  the 
river,  was  a  woody  Salsolaceous  shrub,  which  I  do  not 
know.  I  got  good  specimens  of  the  wood  and  flowering 
branches. 

"  I  left  TomSn-dghd  on  the  28th,  passing  the  remains 
of  some  old  ruins  2  miles  from  my  encampment,  and 
turned  east  by  north  towards  '  Galicha  '  (a  carpet).  As 
we  marched  along,  fancy  crossing  the  markings  of  two 
pairs  of  carriage  wheels  1  These  had  been  made  some 
months  ago  by  the  carriage  of  a  Persian  prince  who  had 
come  to  our  camp  at  Gulran  to  be  doctored.  The  route 
lay  now  across  towards  the  base  of  the  Paropamissus 
range  over  a  most  extensive  plain  on  which  the  attraction 
was  a  miniature  forest  ol  a  species  of  UmbelliferEe, 
excessively  like,  but  not  the  Assafoetida.  This  was  in 
full  bloom,  the  stem  and  flowers  being  at  first  all  of  a 
light  orange-yellow  ;  as  the  fruit  ripens  the  whole  colour 
changes  to  a  russet-brown.  Each  flowering  stem  is  from 
3  to  5  feet  higli,  and  there  are  usually  fifty  plants  to 
100  yards  square,  the  interspaces  being  altogether  tilled 
up  by  grass  of  a  foot  in  height.  On  the  29th,  left  Galicha 
for  the  Kambao  Pass  to  enable  nie  to  cross  through  the 
range.  Our  march  lay  over  a  plain  the  continuation  of 
that  of  yesterday,  and  which  from  its  extent  is  lost  to  the 
sight.  This  is  celebrated  as  the  plain  of  the  wild  donkey, 
and  here  I  counted  sixteen  herds  of  at  least  10,000  in 
each.   The  nearest  was  a  mile  off,  and  their  presence  was 


an  Elosagnus,  of  which  I  sent  you  the  fruit  last  year  ;  one 
Pistachia  bush,  a  large  number  of  Astragali,  which  I 
feel  sure  will  puzzle  Baker  ;  a  curious  Rubiaceous  shrub, 
a  fine  Orobanche,  only  five  grasses,  and  a  most  lovely 
Everlasting  Pea.  like  the  ordinary  English  cuUivated  one, 
only  dwarf.  I  believe  everything  here  is  dwarfed  by 
exposure  to  the  winds.  You  cannot  understand  the 
difficulty  I  have  with  it  in  collecting.  To  save  my  plants 
at  all  I  have  to  put  them  at  once  into  paper.  It  takes 
three  of  us  to  do  this,  and  not  allow  paper  or  plants  to 
blow  away.  I  must  say  it  does  not  improve  one's 
temper. 

"  I  got  one  or  two  species  of  a  very  nice  Gentian  ' 
like  Gentiana  Kurroo  of  Royle,  the  altitude  of  Hari-rud 
River,  2000  feet  ;  Kambao  Pass,  west  side,  2900  feet ; 
pass  itself,  3550  feet  ;  Kambao  on  north-east,  3250  feet. 
Not  a  Fern  of  any  sort,  not  even  Ophioglossum,  which 
I  looked  upon  as  a  certain  find.  I  spent  my  second 
day— viz.,  May  2— at  the  camp  on  the  north-east  side  of 
pass  ;  here  there  is  a  fine  Hawthorn,  from  which  I 
collected  flowers  in  bud  on  the  ist.  Along  the  whole  of 
this  range,  well  within  it,  where  the  water  is  sweet  and 
the  air  cool,  the  Hawthorn,  a  common  Plum,  and 
Amygdalus  eburnea,  are  more  or  less  plentiful.  I  picked 
up  an  Oxygraphis,  and  a  very  pretty  Geranium  with  a 
most  ciuious  Potato-like  root,  only  the  tubers  are 
heaped  up  on  each  other  when  there  is  more  than  one 
to  a  plant.  You  know  they  made  me  naturalist,  so,  in* 
addition  to  collecting  plants,  I  have  to  shoot  poor  little 


this  was  one  of  the  species.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  supply 
you  with  a  lot  more  of  it.  It  would  make  a  lovely  flower 
border. 

"  I  marched  next  to  a  place  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Heri-Rud  River  opposite  Tom^n-aghd,  15  miles.  Our 
route  lay  over  a  plain  that  had  once  been  the  bed  of  a 
river  where  the  river  had  made  a  great  bend  ;  the  river, 
after  silting  up  this  bend,  had  left  it.  The  most  cha- 
racteristic plant  here  was  a  Rhubarb,  usually  with  three 
root  leaves  of  immense  proportion  for  the  size  of  the 
flowering  stem  ;  these  leaves  are  so  pressed  flat 
to  the  ground  that  it  reminds  one  more  of  the 
Victoria  regia  leaves  (without  the  margin),  and 
this  is  the  habit  of  the  plant.  The  plant  was 
fruiting,  having  large  winged  fruit  of  the  most  brilliant 
scarlet  ;  it  will  make  a  grand  thing  in  gardens.  The 
beautiful  colour  of  the  fruit  is  much  helped  out  by  the 
splendid  green  of  the  leaf  background.  There  are,  one 
may  almost  say,  no  leaves  on  the  flowering  stem — one  or 
two  most  minute.  I  measured  one  of  the  largest  on  the 
ground  :  it  was  4  feet  from  the  base  to  apex  and  5  feet 
across  ;  the  other  two  with  this  one  were  a  little  smaller: 
the  three  together  gave  it  a  very  curiouslook.  I  hope  soon 
to  get  the  seeds  home.  I  have  collected  a  good  deal  of 
the  root  ;  it  is  called  '  Fool's  Rhubarb '  owing  to  its 
purgative  qualities,  and  curiously  enough  the  fruit  is  em^ 
ployed  in  preference  to  the  root  as  a  purgative,  given  as  a 
decoction.  With  the  exception  of  an  occasional  woody 
shrub  that  may  rise  to  5  feet,  the  place  was  covered 
with  a  species  of  Artemisia  (probably  several)  about  2  feet 
high,  and  occasional  Umbelliferse.    There  were  no  trees 


recognised  by  a  cloud  of  dust  rising  in  a  swirl  on  their 
galloping — like  the  smoke  from  the  chimney  of  a  steamer. 
It  was  a  most  extraordinary  sight,  watching  these  clumps 
moving  from  place  to  place.  They  are  occasionally  shot 
and  eaten.  I  forgot  to  tell  you  that,  except  my  own 
party,  there  was  probably  not  a  human  being  within 
30  miles  of  us.  The  country  has  7:13  inhabitants,  and 
until  the  nomads  turn  up  with  their  flocks  from  the 
lower  regions  it  is  a  desolation.  The  last  part  of  our 
march  was  for  6  miles  withm  the  ridges  ol  the  base  of 
the  hills,  and  here  in  the  stream-beds  Tamarisk  was  the 
only  (woody)  shrub.  I  halted  some  5  miles  to  the  west 
of  the  pass,  hoping  to  make  a  great  haul  on  the  30th. 
From  the  moment  of  entering  these  valleys  they  seem  a 
mass  of  colour — one  from  Buttercups  (one  species  only), 
another  from  a  Poppy  ;  the  bed  of  the  stream  purple 
with  a  tall  Onion,  and  the  interstices  green  with  one 
grass.  I  had  previously  got  most  of  the  things  so  pro- 
mising here,  but  saw  signs  of  getting  into  a  very  fine 
new  lot.  On  the  morning  of  the  30th  a  regular  hurricane 
of  wind  blew  from  the  north,  so  that  I  thought  the  best 
plan  would  be  to  move  my  camp  across  the  pass,  and 
get  a  better  and  more  sheltered  locality.  I  just  managed 
to  get  to  the  north-east  side,  when  it  did  come  down — 
such  a  torrent  !  but  as  all  preparations  had  been  made 
we  were  comfortable  ;  had  I  remained  on  we  must  have 
been  swept  out  of  our  old  camp. 

"  May  I  proved  a  most  superb  morning,  so  I  was  up 
and  out  at  6  a.m.,  went  straightback  to  my  old  encamp- 
ment on  the  west  side,  and  from  there  collected  back.  I 
got  some  thirty-five  species — a  second  Arum,  a  Prunus, 


birds,  and  I  hate  it.  I  got  two  bee-eaters,  the  one  more 
lovely  than  the  other,  and  a  nightingale. 

"  On  the  3d  I  marched  to  a  place  8  miles  nearer  our 
first  Gulran  encampment.  I  had  picked  up  most  of  the 
cream,  and  there  was  not  much,  except  additions  in  the 
way  of  fruiting  species,  to  be  made.  This  I  did,  and  got 
a  venomous  snake  which  may  be  a  cobra — aU  but  walked 
on  to  him — 5  feet  long  and  6  inches  at  his  thickest,  fangs 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  ;  a  most  unpleasant  fellow  to 
meet.  I  shot  him,  and  after  fancying  I  had  killed  him, 
cut  off  his  head  and  neck  to  keep  (I  could  not  keep  his 
whole  body),  when  lo  I  his  body,  minus  his  head,  walked 
off  searching  for  escape,  the  head  trying  to  fang  its  own 
neck. 

"  On  the  4th  I  moved  still  east  by  north  some  12  miles 
to  our  first  encampment  at  Gulran.  I  got  some  nice 
things  en  route,  and  had  just  ticketed  and  arranged  them 
preparatory  to  great  work  for  the  morrow,  when  in  came 
a  letter  from  Sir  Peter  Lumsden  telling  me  to  return  at 
once.  Alas  for  my  great  expectations  !  I  packed  up, 
and  we  moved  camp  at  2  A.M.  on  the  5th,  marched  up 
the  valley,  passing  our  second  Gulran  encampment,  and 
on  south  to  the  east  by  north  side  of  the  Chashma-sabz 
Pass,  I  had  no  time  to  halt  and  collect.  I  passed  a 
Gladiolus  and  an  immense  number  of  things.  On  the 
pass  I  collected  the  'Siah-chot,'  which  is  to  me  in  all 
probability  Cotoneaster  nummularia.  I  had  collected 
its  fruit  and  sent  it  to  you  from  these  very  bushes.  I  got 
it  in  this  pass  last  year.  It  is  from  this  shrub  that  'i^hir- 
Khist,'  the  manna  of  these  parts,  is  collected.  1  have 
seat  you  a  bottle  of  it  packed  amongst  some  other  things. 


78 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  iS,  1885. 


Tliey  have  two  other  kinds— one  from  a  Tamarisk  and 
the  otiier  from  Alhagi.  I  myself  collected  it  from  a  Sal- 
sola.  I  got  across  the  pass  by  2  P.M.  ;  hailed  until 
8  P.M.  and  got  into  Tir-Phul  at  8  .\.M.,  the  camels  at 
10  A.M.  of  the  6th  :  did  60  miles  in  thirty-four  hours- 
good  going  for  camels,  and  men  more  or  less  on  foot. 

"  I  am  glad  I  am  in,  because  my  plants  had  to  be 
looked  to.  I  got,  as  I  said  before,  100  species  in  this 
tour,  not  less  than  1200  specimens.  It  is  much  harder 
work  than  Kurram  ;  the  fact  is,  I  am  not  younger,  and 
my  back  wants  a  good  deal  of  oiling. 

"J.   K.   T.  .\ITCHIS0N." 


|«lli<t   I 


otcs  and  ilfaninus. 


ORCHIDS   AT    BRETT.JRGH    HOLT,    MILX- 
.THORPE. 

Amongst  the  many  grand  examples  of  cultivation 
at  this  garden  the  following  are  well  worth  noting  : — 
Cattleya  .Sanderiana,  a  superb  specimen,  with  four 
dozen  of  its  fine  gigantic  flowers  expanded,  a  good 
variety,  is  well  worth  seeing.  Oncidium  macranthum, 
several  flowering  well,  one  specimen  alone  five 
spikes,  in  all  over  150  flowers,  is  very  attractive. 
There  are  also  several  fine  \'andas  in  flower— suavis 
and  tricolor- a  plant  of  the  former  had  a  dozen 
spikes.  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  several  fine 
forms  ;  also  others.  A  sight  worth  going  to  see  is  the 
Masdevalliahouse,  which  is  about  24  feet  long,  span- 
roof  staging  round  the  sides  full  of  grand  varieties 
now  is  perfection.  There  ate  between  2000  and 
3000  expanded  flowers  of  all  the  best  varieties  in 
cultivation.  Mr.  Walker  has  for  some  time  past 
been  selecting  these  when  in  flower,  and  of  all  I  have 
seen  have  never  yet  met  with  its  equal.  Gigantic 
forms  of  Ycitchii,  ignea  Harryana,  Lindeni,  Deni- 
soni,  Chelsoni  in  many  varieties,  are  here  to  be 
seen  growing  like  weeds,  and  flowering  magnificenrly 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  Macgrigor,  his  intelligent 
gardener.  A.  O. 

Calanthe  natalensis,  RM.  /.* 
This  exceedingly  handsome  species  is  now  flowering 
at  Kew,  and  probably  for  the  first  time  in  Europe. 
It  is  a  native  of  Natal,  and  the  district  of  King 
William's  Town,  and  doubtless  occurs  in  the  region 
between  ;  the  Kew  plant  was  received  from  King 
William's  Town,  and  is  probably  from  the  same 
locality  (viz.,  Tetie  Bush,  near  King  William's 
Town),  as  plants  of  it  have  been  cultivated  in 
the  Cape  Botanic  Gardens.  It  is  the  only  South 
African  species  of  Calanthe  ;  and  according  to  the 
species  on  dried  sp.;cimens  only  grows  in  swampy 
places  in  woods  and  forests  ;  one  label  slating  that  it 
is  "found  only  in  very  wet  places  in  bush" — 
"bush"  being  the  teim  lor  forest.  The  following  is 
a  brief  description  of  the  plant  : — 

Leaves  elliptic,  lanceolate  acute,  growing  up  to  a 
foot  in  length,  and  2.\— 4  inches  broad,  plaited,  and 
a  little  crisped  at  the  edges,  bright  green,  with  a 
slight  tendency  to  variegation.  Flower-stem,  present 
with  the  leaves,  12  — iS  inches  high,  green,  pubescent 
in  the  upper  part.  Bracts  lanceolate  acute,  4  inch 
long,  spreading.  Flowers  numerous,  about  an  inch 
in  diameter  ;  sepals  and  petals  oblong-elliplic  acute, 
bright  lilac  on  the  outside  and  edges,  the  inner  sur- 
face whitish-lilac ;  lips  flattish,  3  lobed,  at  first 
bright  lilac,  afterwards  changing  to  salmon  colour  ; 
lateral  lobes  triangular  oblong,  spreading ;  middle 
lobe  somewhat  ttuncately  obcordate,  with  an  apiculus 
in  the  notch,  and  three  contiguous  rows  of  small 
roundish  calli  towards  the  base,  the  middle  row 
longest.  Spur  \  inch  long,  curved,  whitish-lilac. 
N.  E.  Brown. 

Okchids  in  British  Guiana. 
A  correspondent  of  the  Demerara  Argus  is  pub- 
lishing in  that  journal  a  series  of  articles  on  the 
Orchids  of  that  colony,  and  the  most  appropriate 
methods  of  cultivation  in  that  country.  The  follow- 
ing extract  will  show  the  practical  nature  of  the 
advice  given.  We  shall  watch  the  continuance  of 
this  series  of  articles  with  much  interest  :  — 

'*  In  the  cultivation  of  epiphytal  Orchids  it  is  neces- 
sary to  take  into  consideration  that  they  live  on  gases 
and  moisture  derived  from  the  air  ;  comparative  stillness 

*  C.  natalcnsis,  Rchb.  f ,  in  Boiiplandia,  1856,  p.  322. 


is  requisite,  and  strong  winds  very  injurious.  The  east 
and  north  winds  uhich  prevail  at  certain  seasons,  if 
allowed  free  access  to  the  plants,  dry  and  ultimately  k'll 
them.  When  the  air  is  still,  and  the  garden  below  well 
watered,  a  current  of  moist  air  is  continually  ascending 
Irom  the  earth,  creating  a  genial  atmosphere  in  which  to 
grow  epiphytes  on  low  trees.  Some  species  require  very 
little  shade  if  well  protected  by  a  leafy  screen  to  wind- 
ward ;  others  must  have  a  canopy  above,  which  only 
allows  broken  sunlight  to  penetrate. 

"  Two  of  the  hardiest  and  best  (Oncidium  Lanceanum 
and  Cattleya  superba)  are  rather  common  in  George- 
town, and  often  represent  the  survival  of  a  number  of 
species.  These  flourish  in  a  drier  atmosphere  than  many 
others,  and  do  not  flower  if  too  much  shaded. 

"A  well  grown  Orchid  has  plump  bulbs,  and  firm, 
stiff  Iraves.  If  too  much  shaded  tlie  leaves  are  limp, 
and  hang  over  ;  and  if  too  dry  they  shrivel  and  fall  off. 
Epiphytes  should  be  fastened  on  the  under  parts  of  a 
branch,  or  on  the  trunk  below  a  fork,  to  get  some  mois- 
ture from  dew  and  rain  trickling  down  the  small  channels 
in  the  bark.  Until  they  have  roots  they  should  be 
fastened  with  wire,  but  when  they  are  established  the 
wire  should  be  removed,  being  no  longer  necessary,  but 
a  hindrance  to  the  growth. 

"Several  kinds  of  pots  and  baskets  are  used  in  grow- 
ing epiphytes.  Nothing  stagnant  or  sour  must  remain 
near  the  roots.  Rotten  wood  is  a  poison.  Hardy  plants 
will  do  well  on  blocks  or  shingles,  but  open  baskets 
made  of  wood  bars  are  better  for  the  miijority.  Many 
grow  best  in  pots,  especially  in  the  glass-house.  Pots 
and  baskets  must  be  filled  with  some  material  which  is 
porous  and  retentive  of  moisture.  Crocks,  burnt  earth, 
and  charcoal  are  suitable  for  outdoors,  but  in  the  green- 
house fibrous  peat  and  sphagnum  moss  are  best.  All 
mounted  plants  should  be  dipped  in  water  occasionally, 
to  drive  out  woodlice  and  cockroaches. 

"  \\'atering  will  depend  so  much  on  weather,  position, 
&c.,  that  no  general  rule  can  be  given,  except  that  during 
the  flowering  season  less  is  required.  In  an  airy  situa- 
tion it  is  scarcely  possible  to  water  too  much,  but  in 
close  damp  places  much  water  causes  rotting." 

Catasetum  mackocarpu.m. 
A  species  with  elliptical  pseudobulbs,  deciduous 
lanceolate  leaves,  and  few  flowered  racemes  of 
flowers  proceeding  Irom  the  base  of  the  pseudobulbs. 
The  individual  flowers  measure  5  inches  across.  The 
sepals  and  petals  lanceolate-acuminate  with  purplish 
spots  on  a  green  ground.  The  two  side  petals  are 
directed  vertically  upwards  behind  the  column  parallel 
to  it  and  to  the  dorsal  sepal  ;  the  lip  is  an  inch 
across,  funnel-shaped,  yellow,  with  a  3-lobed  re- 
flected border,  column  erect  with  three  awns.  Orcliid 
Album,  t.  1S9. 

L.-ELIA  ANCEPS  WiLLIAMSI. 
A  lovely  variety  with  star-like  flowers,  with  five 
white  spreading  segments,  the  three-lobed  lip  project- 
ing, the  side  lobes  erect,  yellow,  with  red  veins,  the 
central  lobe  flattish,  tongue-shaped,  with  a  yellow 
blotch  at  the  base.  It  is  figured  in  the  Orchid  Allmm, 
t.  190. 


ALPINE    PLANTS. 

Veronica  Lyalli  has  proved  itself  perfectly  hardy, 
having  withstood  our  past  four  winters  without  the 
shadow  of  harm.  It  is  a  neat  little  plant,  dense  and 
compact,  the  stems  closely  furnished  with  small  leaves, 
and  at  present  sutYused  with  tiny  mauve-coloured  blos- 
soms. Hailing  from  New  Zealand  this  pretty  Veronica 
was  at  first  branded  with  the  reputation  of  tenderness, 
but,  like  many  another  of  theso  called  tender  foreigners, 
it  has  proved  itself  not  only  well  suited  for  our  climate, 
but  a  valuable  addition  as  a  neat,  free-t5owering  rock 
or  border  plant.  As  regards  soil  it  is  by  no  means 
particular,  light  or  stiff,  dry  or  damp  coming  alike. 
It  is  readily  propagated  from  cuttings  inserted  in  the 
open  towards  the  end  of  summer. 

Mertensia  sibirica, 

although  similar  in  growth  to  the  old  Virginian  Lung- 
wort (M.  virginica),  is  yet  distinct  in  both  foliage  and 
flowers,  and,  in  my  opinion,  a  more  desirable  plant  in 
every  way.  The  leaves  are  large,  of  a  beautiful  glau- 
cous blue,  not  unlike  those  of  Eucalyptus  globulus, 
and,  being  freely  produced,  give  to  the  plant  a  decided 
characteristic  of  its  own.  This  elegant  plant  is  very 
attractive,  the  drooping  panicles  of  sky-blue  bell- 
shaped  flowers  still  further  enhancing  its  beauty,  and 
at  once  rivetting  the  attention  of  the  passer-by.  As  a 
genus  Mertensia  is  distinguished  from  Palmonaria, 
which  is  tht  old  name  of  the  plant,  by  the  stamens 


exceeding  the  corolla  tube,  and  also  by  the  nuts 
being  fleshy  when  in  a  young  state.  A  white- 
flowered  variety  of  sibirica  has  crept  into  circulation, 
but  it  is  still  somewhat  rare,  and  a  worthy  com- 
panion to  the  normal  form.  Peaty  loam  suits  this 
genus  best. 

Amongst  the  Cinquefoils,  of  which  we  have  many 
worthless  and  troublesome  forms,  few  can  perhaps 
equal  either  for  richness  of  bloom  or  for  ornamental 
foliage,  the  Cashmerian  variety  Potenteila  dubia. 
The  flowers,  which  are  bright  yellow,  and  the  size  of 
a  shilling,  rise  but  a  short  distance  from  the  intense 
green  and  remarkably  dwarf  foliage.  In  ralherdamp 
ground  it  succeeds  well,  and  during  early  June  and 
July  the  foliage  is  almost  hidden  with  the  innumerable 
bright  yellow  flowers.  This  is  a  fitting  ornament  for 
borders  or  rockwork,  and  easily  increased  by  division. 

Leontopodium  alpinum. 
The  Edelweiss,  or  Bridal  Everlasting,  is  now 
grandly  in  flower,  and  evidently  as  much  at  home 
in  the  lowland  garden  as  on  the  great  Continental 
mountains  ranges.  The  white  dwarf  flowers  we  need 
not  describe,  for  who  has  not  seen  these  as  dried  speci- 
mens brought  in  quantity  from  its  Swiss  home  year 
by  year  until  the  plant  is  now  threatened  with  total 
extinction?  The  Bohemian  Government  are,  how- 
ever, trying  to  acclimatise  it  on  their  mountains,  and, 
should  the  experiment  succeed,  the  flora  of  Northern 
Bohemia  wi'l  have  received  a  valuable  addition.  In 
this  country  it  is  a  perfectly  hardy  perennial,  but 
methinks  I  see  in  home-raised  plants  a  step  onwards 
in  the  way  of  acclimatisation.  As  a  rock  plant  it  is 
very  ornamental,  but  should  be  planted  in  rather 
poor,  stony  soil,  that  of  a  heavy  strong  nature  causing 
too  luxuriant  growth,  and  doing  away,  to  a  great 
extent,  with  the  white  colour  of  the  flower,  which  is 
so  marked  a  characteristic  of  Continental  over  home- 
grown specimens.  Seeds  are  easily  procured  and  as 
easily  raised,  so  there  is  no  excuse  for  this  distinct 
and  beautiful  everlasting  being  any  longer  a  stranger 
in  our  gardens,   Emergo. 

LiNUM    CAMPANULATUM. 

Can  any  reader  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  tell  me 
whether  this  plant  is  in  cultivation  in  England  ?  It 
is  in  many  catalogue?,  but  the  plant  sent  for  it  is 
either  L.  flavum  or  a  blue  Flax  of  the  class  of  L. 
perenne.  L.  campanulatum  is  a  native  of  the  South 
of  France  and  North  of  Spain,  and  is  figured  in 
Loddiges'  Cabinet,  tab.  1254.  It  is,  I  think,  much 
earlier  in  flower  than  L.  Ravum,  a  native  of  Austria, 
which  is  correctly  figured  and  described  in  the 
Botaniial  AIai;azine,  tab.  312,  and  more  herbaceous 
and  prostrate  than  L.  arboreum,  a  native  of  Crete, 
figured  in  tab.  234  of  the  same  work.  All  three 
species  have  yellow  flowers,  bearing  much  resem- 
blance to  one  another ;  but  I  cannot  meet  with  L. 
campanulatum  true,  though  I  have  long  had  abund- 
ance of  the  other  two  species,  which  are  often  con- 
fused with  it  and  with  one  another.   C.  U'olhy  Dod, 

Armeria  cephalotes. 
This  variety  is  now  a  thing  of  great  beauty  on  our 
rockery.  It  is  one  of  the  best  perennials  we  have. 
Its  pink  flower-heads,  2\  feet  high,  are  very  effective. 
It  is  a  variety  that  should  be  in  every  collection,  and 
certainly  no  selection  of  perennials  should  be  made 
without  it.  It  is  easily  raised  from  seed  ;  we  have 
had  no  success  by  division.  IV.  A'cliiavell,  The 
Gardens,  Balratk  Bitrry. 


jjlaufs  aiiti  ll|di[  iuliuiit 


PLANTING  OUT  IN  THE  OPEN  BORDER. 
This  system  I  have  consistently  recommended  in 
many  previous  Calendars  as  being  more  congenial  to 
the  wellbeing  of  the  subjects  under  notice  as  well  as 
a  material  saving  in  labour  with  the  water-pot  during 
the  summer  months.  It  will  be  well  to  look  over  the 
stock  of  winter  and  spring  blooming  plants  once  more, 
and  see  if  there  are  any  remaining  in  pots  that  can  be 
so  treated  for  the  remainder  of  the  summer  and  early 
autumn.  We  are  just  preparing  a  piece  of  ground  that 
will  be  well  suited  to  the  old  corms  of  the  Cyclamen, 
which  will  at  once  be  planted  therein  fresh  root-action 
will  then  soon  commence,  although  no  leaf  develop- 


July  iS,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


79 


ment  will  be  apparent  for  some  lime  lo  come.  We 
have  worked  bolh  sool  and  lime  into  Ihe  soil,  and  also 
added  some  leaf-mould  that  was  rotted  down  in  the 
forcing-pits.  The  soot  and  lime  will  prevent  the 
witeworm  and  slugs  frcm  troubling  us  for  sometime  to 
come.  My  latest  batch  ol  Spiirca  (lloteia)j  jpor.ica  are 
only  just  being  removed  fromtheconservatory — aproof 
of  the  great  value  o(  this  plant  for  late  as  well  as  early 
work.  This  late  lot  of  plants  were  stood  in  the  open  as 
soon  as  any  danger  of  spring  frosts  was  over,  and  taken 
lo  the  conservatory  when  expanding  their  flower-spikes. 
Retarding  their  too  rapid  advancement  wasedecled  by 
a  shading  (somewhat  heavy)  during  the  day-time;  this 
also  accomplished  another  end  that  must  not  be  lost 
sight  o(T,  viz.,  in  causing  the  flower-spikes  to  be  of  a 
purer  while  than  when  the  plants  are  fully  exposed  to 
the  light,  as  under  the  latter  condition  they  are 
disposed  to  assume  a  creamy  tint.  This  late  lot  of 
plants  will  be  turned  out  at  once  on  a  border  where 
they  can  remain  for  one  season,  and  be  liberally 
supplied  with  water  when  needed.  Dielylra  spec- 
tabilis  is  another  suliject  that  succeeds  when  treated 
in  a  similar  manner  as  regards  planting  out.  If  a  few 
vacant  spaces  exist  in  Ihe  herbaceous  border  advantage 
could  be  taken  of  the  same  lo  plant  the  Dielytras 
therein,  and  in  such  a  case,  leave  them,  if  possible, 
for  two  seasons. 

Early  Forced  Pot  Roses. 
These  should  receive  attention  in  regard  to  re- 
potting and  other  minor  details  as  soon  as  possible. 
It  may  seem  rather  early  to  reduce  the  balls  and  place 
them  into  fresh  soil,  but  they  will  soon  make  up  lor 
what  little  check  they  receive  by  rooting  freely  into 
the  same,  thoroughly  establishing  themselves  before 
the  late  autumn  rains  come  on.  Pot  Eupatoriums 
and  keep  them  pinched  to  obtain  dwarf  bushy  plants  ; 
exception  must  be  taken,  however,  to  the  Uller 
operation  being  performed  in  the  case  of  the  auUimn- 
flowering  variety.  James  Hudson,  Gunncrdnuy 
House,  AitoK, 


arin    fruit  iardsn. 


W.'iLL    TREES. 

Fruit  trees  on  walls  and  in  the  garden  borders 
will  require  much  attention  during  the  present  month. 
The  weather  being  very  hot  and  dry,  watering  and 
syringing  will  be  required  daily.  Young  growths  will 
require  nailing-in  and  some  cutting-out,  or  pinching 
back  as  the  case  requires.  All  weakly  growths  are 
best  cut  out  as  much  as  possible,  for  it  is  impossible  lo 
expect  good  results  from  small  unhealthy  shoots  ; 
therefore  it  is  most  essential  to  obtain  as  far  as 
possible  a  strong  heallhy  well  matured  growth  on  all 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  whether  on  walls,  the  open  garden, 
or  orchard. 

Orchard. 

Pear  and  Apple  trees  growing  vigorously,  but  not 
bearing  fruit  freely,  should  now  be  marked  for  root- 
pruning  early  in  the  autumn.  Varieties  that  are  most 
fruitful  in  certain  districts  should  also  be  noted  wiih 
the  object  ol  increasing  the  stock  at  the  proper  season, 
either  by  grafting  old-established  trees  wilh  the  most 
prolific  varieties,  or  planting  young  ones.  Cherries  and 
Plums  may  still  be  budded,  much  in  the  same  manner 
as  Roses,  or  by  inserting  buds  on  any  heallhy  shoots 
of  established  trees.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  may  be 
treated  in  the  same  manner,  with  every  prospect  of 
success.  Mildew  and  green-fly  must  be  kept  under, 
the  former,  by  using  sulphur  freely  whenever  it  appears, 
the  latter,  by  a  free  use  of  tobacco-powder. 

Figs  and  Vines. 

Figs  and  Vines  on  walls  will  require  constant 
watering  and  the  syringe  to  be  used  freely,  or  the  fruit 
of  bolh  will  be  small.  One  of  the  best  varieties  of 
Fig  for  Ihe  open  wall  is  Brown  Turkey,  which  is  very 
hardy  and  prolific.  Old  trees  are  apt  to  produce  a 
thicket  of  young  shoots,  which  should  be  timely  re- 
moved and  the  strong  shoots  left  stopped  five  or  six 
joints  above  the  fruit.  A  good  variety  of  Vine  for  the 
open  wall,  if  not  Ihe  best,  is  Royal  Muscadine, 
which  rarely  fails  to  ripen  its  fruit,  and  if  well  thinned 
and  not  over-cropped  will  be  of  good  size  and  average 
quality. 

Raspberries. 

Raspberry  canes  should  be  gone  over  again,  and  all 
shoots  not  required  for  next  year's  fruiting  pulled  up 


or  cut  away.  Any  one  looking  out  for  a  good- free- 
fruiting  vigorous  growing  variety  with  fine  large 
fruit,  will  not  be  disappointed  by  ordering  Bamforlh's 
Seedling.  J,  Smilh,  Mcnimoic,  Bucks. 


JhE    ^pRCHID     ]4oUgE. 

S  U  M  M  E  I^     W  O  R  K . 

July,  August,  and  September,  are  the  months 
during  which  we  expect  the  largest  proportion  of  the 
plants  to  piake  their  growth,  and  if  they  are  neglected 
at  this  season  the  results  are  sure  to  be  unsatisfactory. 
In  our  own  collection  we  make  a  point  of  getting  a 
good  growth  on  everything  at  this  season,  and  to  that 
end  we  give  each  genus  as  far  as  possible  the  treatment 
best  suited  to  if.  Take,  for  instance,  the  Dendro- 
biums,  the  advocates  of  the  pruning  system  say  that 
the  growth  must  be  made  in  a  high  temperature,  and 
that  this  is  necessary  to  make  up  in  part  for  the  lack 
of  nourishment  obtained  from  the  back  bulbs ;  but 
what  is  good  for  pruned  Dendrobiums  is  equally 
good  for  those  thai  have  not  been  so  treated. 
We  have  placed  most  of  the  Dendrobiums  into  the 
warmest  house  we  have,  where  they  have  a  tempera- 
ture when  the  house  is  shut  up  in  the  afternoon 
ranging  to  90°  and  loo',  the  night  temperature  not 
falling  below  70"  or  75°,  and  wilh  plenty  of  moisture 
in  the  atmosphere  the  growih  is  sure  lobe  satisfactory. 
Those  thai  luxuriate  in  this  high  temperature  and  moist 
atmosphere  are  D.  nobile,  D.  Farmeri,  E.  thyrsi- 
florum,  D.  Dalhousieanum,  D.  Paxtoni,  D.  cryso- 
toxum,  &c.  In  three  months  the  growths  are  made 
and  matured,  and  when  the  winter  season  arrives  they 
are  prepared  to  pass  through  it  in  a  low  temperature 
and  rather  dry  atmosphere.  While  growth  is  being 
made  plentiful  supplies  of  rain-water,  at  least  as 
warm  as  the  atmosphere  of  the  house,  is  necessary. 

In  the  warmest  house  Odontoglossum  RoezUi  is 
also  making  good  growth  at  this  season.  We  repot 
these  and  O.  vexillarium  once  in  two  years.  They 
also  like  plenty  of  moisture,  and  to  be  freely  watered 
at  the  roots.  Angrcecum  sesquipedale  is  also  pushing 
from  the  stem  above  the  moss  its  thick  succulent  roots. 
Has  any  one  noticed  that  when  the  moss  in  which  the 
plants  are  growing  is  fresh,  green,  and  healthy,  the 
roots  descend  close  to  the  stem,  so  as  to  reach  it  as 
speedily  as  possible,  but  when  the  potting  material 
is  in  bad  condition  they  (:jrow  out  in  a  horizontal 
position,  and  thus  avoid  it  ?  The  attraction  which 
suitable  soil  or  potting  compost  of  any  kind  has  for 
the  roots  of  different  plants  ii  worthy  of  investigation, 
not  only  lo  the  scientific  man  but  to  every  one  having 
to  deal  wilh  practical  gariJenin,;^.  I  ought  to  state  that 
Vanda  teres  should  be  placed  in  the  lightest  part  of 
the  warm  house,  the  growths  trained  close  to  the 
glass  roof,  and  very  lightly  shaded  from  the  sun's  rays 
during  the  warmest  part  of  the  day.  We  treat  V, 
Hookerii  in  the  same  way,  but  cannot  get  anything 
like  such  strong  growth  upon  it  as  we  do  on  the  other 
species.  In  the  warm  house  the  temperature  will 
range  from  65'  as  a  minimum  to  lOO*  when  the  house 
is  shut  up  in  the  afternoon. 

The  treatment  given  to  the  occupants  of  the  Catt- 
leya-house  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  warmest 
department.  All  the  plants  not  repotted  during  the 
last  six  months  have  had  some  fresh  material  placed 
on  the  surface,  and  this  has  caused  the  roots  to  grow 
freely  from  the  base  of  the  last  formed  pseudobulbs, 
or  from  those  in  course  of  formation.  They  are  doing 
this  in  any  garden  where  the  plants  are  cared  for  ; 
but  in  some  gardens,  either  from  want  of  knowledge 
or  some  other  cause,  Catlleyas  do  not  get  the  right 
treatment.  I  visited  a  garden  during  the  present 
week,  and  found  a  number  of  plants  of  Cattleya 
Mossiae,  but  not  one  of  them  was  making  roots  on 
the  surface  ;  the  moss,  which  ought  to  have  been  in 
a  living  state,  was  dead,  and  the  peat  powdery  and 
not  in  a  condition  to  form  a  healthy  field  for  the  roots 
to  run  into.  Slugs  and  wood-lice  are  very  fond  of 
the  fresh  young  roots,  and  if  they  eat  them  off  the 
plants  are  sure  to  suffer.  The  destruction  of  these 
pests  should  constantly  be  going  on,  late  at  night  and 
early  in  the  morning.  Lrelia  purpurata,  L.  elegans, 
and  others  of  this  type,  are  also  rooting  freely  ;  they 
like  a  warmer  temperature  than  some  of  the  Caltleyas, 
hence  it  is  better  to  place  these  wilh  the  Catlleyas 
that  require  most  heat  in  the  warmest  end  of  the  house, 
or  at  the  cool  end  of  the  warm-house.  Odonto- 
glossum citrosmum  is  also  growing  freely  with 
the  Catlleyas  and  L?elias  on  the  sunniest  side  of  the 
house.  They  have  recently  been  potted,  and  are  now 
rooting  freely  into  the  fresh  sphagnum  and  tutfy  peat. 
On  the  shady  side  of  the  house,  all  the  Cypripediums 
requiring  an  intermediate  temperature  are  growing 
freely  ;  most  of  them  have  passed  out  of  flower  and 
are  making  their  growth.     They  are  all  the  better  to 


be  syringed  overhead  on  the  afternoon  of  hot  days. 
Nearly  the  whole  of  them  were  potted  in  May.  I 
fancy  all  the  Ladies'  Slippers  succeed  best  when  re- 
potted in  summer  ;  the  young  roois  can  be  seen  in  a 
week  or  ten  days  after  pushing  freely  near  the  surface, 
and  ihe  plants  speedily  recover.  Most  of  the  ex- 
hibitors ci  Cypripediums  grow  ihe  plants  in  5  and  6- 
inch  pots,  and  a  day  or  two  before  the  exhibiiion  they 
are  turned  out  of  the  pots  and  placed  together  in  a 
laige  mass.  From  ten  to  thirty  pois  may  be  required 
to  make  up  one  plant.  When  the  exhibitions  are 
over  they  are  repotted  again  in  the  small  pots,  and 
the  operation  does  no  material  injury  lo  them. 
Vandas  and  Acrides  Fieldingi  we  place  on  the  shady, 
side,  during  the  summer  months  at  least.  It  is  best 
to  repot  them  if  they  require  it  early  in  the  year.  The 
Fox-brush  Aerides  are  yet  in  flower,  and  are  rooting 
freely  into  the  potting  material,  which  is  live  sphag- 
num intermixed  with  some  drainage  and  charcoal. 
They  are  making  leaf-growth,  and  will  continue 
to  do  this  for  some  lime.  The  \'andas  are  a 
puzzle  to  me.  I  have  been  trjing  for  many  years 
to  grow  them,  and  at  the  same  time  save  the 
lower  leaves,  but  somehow  they  will  die  off.  If  a 
plant  flowers  well,  and  the  spikes  are  allowed  to 
remain  on  the  plants  for  six  weeks  or  thereabouts,  one 
or  two  pairs  of  leaves  will  become  yellow  and  die  off. 
Some  growers  have  plenty  of  bloom  on  their  Vandas, 
and  save  all  the  leaves  from  the  base  upwards,  but  I 
must  confess  this  is  a  feat  we  cannot  accomplish.  Th* 
plants  are  in  an  intermediate  temperature,  they  have 
been  placed  in  every  position  in  the  house,  they  have 
been  watered  freely  at  times,  and  at  other  times 
sparingly,  but  we  do  not  jet  master  their  culture. 
The  Cymbidiums  have  received  numerous  and 
important  additions  during  the  last  few  years  ;  C. 
Lowianum  is  a  noble  plant,  producing  long  spikes  of 
.flowers  which  remain  in  good  condition  for  three  or 
four  months  :  it  is  one  of  the  very  best  plants  for  tx« 
hibilion  owing  to  the  character  of  the  flowers,  which 
do  not  readily  sutler  injury  during  packing  or  transit, 
C.  devonjanum,  though  introduced  and  described  by 
Lindley  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle  more  than  forty 
years  ago,  is  yet  a  very  rare  and  beauiiful  species. 
The  flowers  are  very  distinct  in  their  yellowish-green 
sepals  and  petals  marked  wiih  lines  of  brown  spots,  the 
lip  is  red  with  two  large  spots  or  blotches  of  maroon- 
purple.  Most  of  the  Cypripediums  seem  to  be  ditch 
plants, and  require  loam  in  their  potting  soil  ;  they  also 
require  a  good  supply  of  water  during  the  period  of 
growih — that  is,  when  they  are  rooting  freely,  as  they 
are  doing  at  present.  They  do  not  require  so  much 
potting  soil  as  is  sometimes  given  to  them.  The 
healthiest  plants  and  the  most  vigorous  are  those  that 
have  the  pots  packed  full  of  roots  ;  and  as  long  as 
they  continue  to  do  well  it  is  not  necessary  to  repot 
them.  The  most  useful  of  Orchids  is  the  brilliant 
orange-scarlet  Epidendrum  vitellmum  majus.  Not 
many  years  ago  ordinary  plants  of  it  were  eagerly  pur- 
chased at  the  Orchid  sales  for  as  many  pounds  as  they 
now  cost  shillings,  but  a  plant  is  none  the  less  valu- 
able because  it  is  cheap.  There  is  no  need  now  to 
pay  high  prices  in  order  to  have  a  goodly  display  of 
magnihcent  Orchids.  J,  Douglas, 


SEED  SOWING,  PLANTING,  &c. 
The  end  of  July  is  a  good  time  to  make  sowings  of 
nueen  and  Early  Naples  Onions,  selecting  a  piece  of 
ground  where  sufficient  space  will  remain  to  make  the 
main  sowing  (autumn)  the  second  or  third  week  in 
August.  Amongst  later  varieties  for  the  last-mentioned 
sowing,  should  size  be  a  consideration.  White 
Elephant  (Daniels')  and  Giant  Kocca  should  be 
sown  in  conjunction  wilh  the  ordinary  white  and  red 
Tripoli.  In  the  beginningof  August  a  sowing  of  Early 
Nantes  Carrot  should  be  made  on  a  well  drained  piece 
of  ground.  Short-horn  Carrots  of  various  sizes  are 
always  esteemed  at  table. 

Caijbage. 
The  last  week  in  the  month  Ellam's  Early  Dwarf 
should  be  sown  for  early  spring  cutting,  and  a  fortnight 
later  them  ain  autumn  sowing  should  be  made.  To 
save  labour  of  transplanting  the  seedlings  into  nursery 
beds,  a  sufficiently  large  bed  should  be  sown,  not  only 
to  provide  plants  enough  for  the  autumn  planting, 
but  also  to  leave  some  hundreds  in  the  seed  beds  to  fill 
up  probable  blanks,  and  to  make  a  similar  plantation 
in  the  following  spring  if  necessary.  As  soon  as  suit- 
able weather  occurs,  the  Savoys  and  Kale,  and  late 
sown  Broccoli  should  be  got  out  into  permanent 
quarters.  Tomatos  on  walls,  &c.,  will  now  require 
constant  attention  in  pinching  and  nailing,  or  tying  to 
stakes.  Of  herbs  a  selection  of  the  various  kinds 
should  now  be  cut  and  dried  for  winter  use.  They 
are  best  dried  in  a  shed  where  there  is  a  good  current 
of  air.  G^  H,  Richards^  SomcrUy  Gardens^  Rin^ood, 
Hants, 


8o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


(July  i8,   i8 


APPOINTMENTS    FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

T,„„  ,   ,  (  Salt  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Prolheroe  & 

Tuesday,        Jjily  2.  ,      m^^^,.  ^^^^ 

I  West  of  bcotland  Pansy  Society's  Show, 
Glasgow. 


Wednesday,  Julj  : 


wcastle-on-Tyne    Flower    Show    (thn 
r  Show 


i  Sallerhebblc    and    District  Rose  Society's 
,    ,  I      Annual  Rose  Show. 

J"'i^3-;Sale    of    Valuable     Imported    Orchids,    in 

I      variety,  irom  Messrs,    K.  Sander  &  Co., 

L     at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
,    ,  ,        (  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 


J"')  '5  \  Darlingto 


Rose  Show. 


THE  question  as  to  the  origin  of  the  culti- 
vated Potato  is  not  fully  settled,  even 
after  the  elaborate  researches  of  Mr.  Baker, 
on  which  we  commented  at  the  time  of  their 
publication.  Practical  men,  so  called,  are  in- 
clined to  undervalue  such  researches,  because 
they  do  not  appreciate  their  importance.  They 
do  not,  say  they,  help  them  to  cultivate  better 
or  to  secure  larger  crops,  and  so  all  this  hair- 
splitting about  wild  species  and  the  localities 
where  they  grow,  is  in  their  eyes  but  trifling. 
This  sort  of  feeling  was  more  common  once 
than  it  is  now.  The  progress  of  scientific  dis- 
coveries has  been  so  vast,  and  the  practical 
results  so  obvious,  that  scientific  research  meets 
with  much  more  lespectful  attention  now-adays 
than  once  it  did.  But,  curiously  enough,  the 
same  feeling  crops  up  now  in  a  somewhat 
different  form,  and  in  a  quarter  where  it  was 
least  looked  for,  and  where  there  is  the  least 
excuse  for  it.  The  physiological  side  of  botany, 
up  till  within  a  few  years,  was  sadly  neglected 
in  this  country — the  country,  nevertheless,  of 
Grew,  of  Hales,  of  Robert  Brown.  From 
the  time  of  Brown  to  that  of  Darwin  there 
was,  roughly  speaking — disregarding  e.xcep- 
tions — a  period  when  structural  and  systematic 
botany  was  taught  and  pursued  in  this  country 
to  the  almost  entire  exclusion  of  vegetable  phy- 
siology. In  former  years  we  had  repeatedly  to 
lament  in  these  columns  this  one-sided  ten- 
dency as  a  serious  impediment  in  the  way  of 
horticultural  progress. 

The  pendulum  has  swayed  in  the  opposite 
direction,  and  now  we  have  to  regret  the  rela- 
tively little  attention  paid  to  structural  and  sys- 
tematic botany  on  the  part  of  the  coming 
generation.  We  have  frequent  opportunities 
of  observing  this,  and  examiners  are  making 
it  a  subject  of  complaint.  The  modern  system 
of  selecting  a  few  types  as  illustrations  of  the 
whole  plant-world  is  in  its  way  excellent,  still 
more  so  is  the  practical  teaching  occasionally 
associated  with  the  didactic  instruction  of  the 
lecturer.  Practical  teaching,  such  as  may  be 
had  in  a  few,  still  a  very  few,  of  our  institutions, 
is  an  admirable  preparation  for  an  introduction 
to  further  research  ;  but,  limited  in  scope  as  it 
is,  the  results  are  not  much  more  satisfactory 
than  they  were  on  the  old  system,  and  students 
are  found  profoundly  versed  in  the  structure 
and  physiology  of  Chara  or  Torula,  but  unable 
to  recognise  the  difference  between  a  Poppy 
and  a  Buttercup.  Not  only  is  this  the  case,  but 
the  professors  of  the  new  rt'gime,  especially  in 
Germany,  are  apt  to  ridicule  and  make  light  of 
the  work  of  the  morphologist  and  systematic 
botanist,  and  to  treat  the  departments  of  science 
to  which  they  are  addicted  much  in  the  same 
way  as  the  old-fashioned  self-styled  practical 
men  did  science  of  any  description. 

One  remedy  for  this  state  of  things  is  to  be 
found  in  the  demonstration  of  the  practical 
utility  of  such  studies.  Such  a  demonstration 
is  the  only  telling  one  with  a  practical  man  ; 
but  that  such  a  method  should  be  needed  for  the 
enlightenment  of  those  whose  boast  it  is  to  fol- 
low knowledge  for  knowledge'  sake  is  passing 
strange.  When  it  is  pointed  out,  for  instance, 
that  a  knowledge  of  the  distinctions  between 
various  species  of  Solanum,  and  of  the  condi- 
tions under  which  they  grow  naturally,  is  likely 
to  be  productive  of  good  results  in  the  way  of 


preventing  or  evading  the  Potato  disease,  the 
practical  man  is  ready  to  pay  attention.  When 
it  is  shown  that  the  same  sort  of  information 
affords  valuable  evidence  as  to  the  formation 
of  tubers,  the  origin  and  history  of  the  Potato, 
and  the  action  of  the  forces  which  have  made 
it  what  it  is,  then  perhaps  the  physiologists  and 
the  histologists  of  the  present  day  may  come  to 
see  that  morphology  and  systematic  botany  are 
not  the  mere  pastimes  they  consider  them 
to  be. 

We  have  been  led  to  make  these  remarks 
by  a  request  we  have  recently  received  for  in- 
formation as  to  the  form  of  the  calyx-lobes  in 
various  Potato  blooms.  In  most  cases  the  lobes 
of  the  calyx  or  sepals  are  lance-shaped  or  acutely 
pointed.  Whether  this  is  universal,  or  whether 
there  are  varieties  with  blunt  sepals,  is  the  point 
it  is  wished  to  clear  up.  The  work  of  the  cul- 
tivator has  been  principally  directed  to  the 
improvement  of  the  tuber,  and  so  we  find  an 


long,  sword-like,  sickle-shaped  leaves  being  uncleft, 
except  at  the  point  of  juncture  with  the  stems  from 
which  they  gracefully  curve  on  each  side  of  the  stem. 
The  flowers,  which  are  profusely  produced  on  stout 
spikes,  are  white,  the  dark  green  leaves  fortning  an 
effective  background  ;  the  spur,  which  ranges  from 
5 — 7  inches  in  length,  is  curved  in  a  most  curious, 
manner,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  our  illus- 
tration (fig.  17).  The  lip  occupies  its  original  or 
normal  position,  for  the  customary  position  of  the 
lip  on  the  lower  half  of  the  flower  is  due  only  to 
the  twisting  of  the  ovary  after  the  first  formation 
of  the  flower.  The  seed-vessels,  or  fruits,  too, 
which  vary  in  form  in  the  different  specimens, 
are  interesting  in  structure.  At;ranthus  (Angraecum) 
Leonis  was  discovered  and  collected  by  M.  Leok 
HuMBLOT  in  the  Comoro  Islands,  growing  at  a  height 
of  5000  feet,  and  it  is  therefore  said  to  be  an  inter- 
mediate, if  not  a  cool-house  plant  —  a  statement 
which  its  whole  aspect  fully  bears  out,  the  leathery 
texture  of  its  leaves,  and  the  wiry  nature  of  its  toots 
seeming  to  assert  that  the  plant  is  anything  but 
delicate.     It  will,  no  doubt,  succeed  admirably  in  the 


Fig.  17.— flower  and  fruit  of  aeranthus  leonis. 


amount  of  variation  in  the  tuber  much  greater 
than  in  the  flower.  Potatos  have  never  been 
grown  for  their  flowers  exclusively,  and  hence 
if  we  find  variations  in  them  the  evidence  so 
afforded  will  be  the  more  valuable  in  that  it  is, 
so  to  speak,  less  artificial,  and  consequently 
more  useful  in  aft'ording  a  clue  as  to  the  real 
origin  of  the  cultivated  plant.  The  matter  may 
seem  trifling,  but  as  it  is  one  which  has  a  direct 
bearing  on  the  history  of  the  Potato,  and  in- 
directly on  the  prevention  or  circumvention  of 
the  disease,  we  venture  to  ask  those  of  our 
readers  who  may  have  the  opportunity,  to  tell  us 
the  names  of  any  variety  in  which  the  calyx- 
lobes  are  blunt  or  rounded  at  the  tips. 

AliRANTHUs    Leonis. — This  singular    and 

beautiful  Oichid  (figs.  17  and  iS),  which  was  described 
by  Professor  Reichenbach  in  our  columns  at  p.  726, 
vol.  xxiii. ,  and  which  was  mentioned  by  us  in  a  recent 
issue  when  caHing attention  to  the  peculiar  arrangement 
of  its  spur,  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing of  recent  introductions.  In  habit  of  growth  it  is 
unlike  any  other  Orchid,  its  thick  flat  4—8  inches 


Cattleya-house,  either  in  baskets  or  pots,  in  sphag- 
num moss,  if  kept  tolerably  moist  when  at  rest,  and 
copiously  watered  when  growing.  None  need  fear  to 
acquire  this  lovely  stranger,  for  it  is  one  of  those 
plants  which  take  kindly  to  a  new  home,  and  it  will, 
under  cultivation,  even  surpass  in  beauty  the  flowers 
gathered  when  the  plants  were  collected.  The  ques- 
tion arises.  What  can  be  the  moth  which  ensures  the 
fertilisation  of  such  a  plant  ?  The  proboscis  mast 
needs  be  long  and  flexible  to  penetrate  the  curiously 
curved  nectary  of  such  a  plant. 

Apropos  of  the  Antwerp  Exhibition. 

— A  new  express  day  service  between  London  and 
Antwerp  will  commence  on  the  25th  inst.,  when  the 
Great  Eastern  Railway  Company  will  run  a  special 
Continental  train  from  Liverpool  Steet  Station  at 
9  A.M.  In  connection  with  this  train  their  fast  steel 
paddle  steamer  Adelaide  will  leave  Harwich 
(Parkeston  Quay)  at  1 1  A  M.,  arriving  at  Antwerp  the 
same  evening.  The  service  will  be  run  every  Wednes- 
day and  Saturday,  and  there  will  be  a  corresponding 
morning  service  from  Antwerp  on  Tuesdays  and 
Fridays,  reaching  London  the  same  night.  The 
ordinary  week-day  service  leaving  Liverpool  Street 
Station  at  8   p.m.  every  evening,    reaching  Antwerp 


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82 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  iS, 


and  Rotterdam  early  the  following  morning,  will  be 
run  in  addition  to  the  new  day  service. 

Erodi.i;as. — By  accident  we  happen  to  have 

three  so-called  species  of  this  genus  before  us,  in  the 
form  of  specimens  kindly  forwarded  by  the  Rev.  H. 
EWDANK  and  Mr.  Ware.  In  the  Genoa  Plaitla- 
rum  Mr.  Bentham  combines  some  of  the  Millas, 
the  Triteleias,  and  the  Calliproras  into  one  genus, 
Brodia'i ;  and  although  we  would  not  presume  to 
question  the  propriety  of  so  doing  on  purely  botanical 
grounds,  yet  the  structural  differences  are  so  great, 
and  general  appearances  are  so  different,  that  it  is  a 
question  whether  for  purely  garden  purposes  it  would 
not  be  well  to  retain  the  original  appellations.  In 
the  case  of  Brodiaja  coccinea  the  form  of  the  perianth 
is  so  diflerent  that  it  seems  better  to  retain  the 
original  name,  Brevoortia. 

^;W;<ra7?i7!7,r.— The  funnel-shaped  flowers  of  this 
species  are  borne  on  long  spreading  slender  stalks, 
arrangfd  in  simple  umbels;  each  flower  is  about 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  long,  tubular  below,  tbe 
limb  divided  into  six  oblong  segments,  coloured 
brownish-red  outside,  clear  yellow  within.  The  six 
stamens  are  of  equal  length,  inscparate  from  the 
tube  of  the  perianth.  Each  filament  is  two-lobed 
at  the  apex,  the  lobes  membranous,  oblong,  with  the 
anther  sessile  between  them.  The  ovary  is  stalked. 
This  is  the  Calliprora  flava  of  some. 

Bio.iitva  hixa.—On  the  top  of  a  long  wiry  stalk  is 
placed  a  simple  umbel  of  erect  or  spreading  very 
slender  flower-stalks,  each  supporting  a  funnel-shaped 
flower  about  l\  inch  long,  of  a  purplish-lilac  colour, 
with  SIX  oblong  segments  and  as  many  perfect  stamens 
inseparate  from  the  tube  of  the  flower.  The  pistil  is 
raised  upon  a  long  stalk  like  that  of  a  Passion-flower— 
an  unusual  circumstance  in  Liliactre.  The  variety 
Murrayana  is  every  way  superior  as  a  garden 
plant— its  larger  much  more  richly  coloured  deep 
violet  flowers  give  it  a  special  claim.  Mr.  Bentham 
who  originally  described  the  plant,  called  it  Triteleia 
laxa  ;  Kunth  called  it  Seubertia  laxa  ;  Baker  ranged 
it  under  Miila  laxa  ;  and  finally  Mr.  Bentham  in  the 
Gaicia  PlanlatKin  reduces  it  to  Brodi.-ea.  In  Triteleia 
in  addition  to  the  characters  mentioned  by  Baiter  and 
Bentham,  the  flowers  are  distinctly  articulate  at  the 
top  of  the  flower-stalk. 

BrcvMilia  in,r/«i-a.— From  the  apex  of  a  tall  stalk 
hang  in  clusters  long  cylindrical  bells  of  deep  ciimson 
colour,  the  segments  turned  back  like  the  cuff  of  a 
coat,  and  of  a  pale  green  colour.  Within  the  six  seg- 
ments stands  up  a  white  frill  of  three  oblong  segments 
which  on  cutting  the  flower  open  are  found  to  be 
abortive  stamens  alternating  with  the  perfect  ones. 
Mr.  Bai-cer  refers  this  to  Brodi.-ea,  but  the  tubular 
form  of  the  perianth  distinguishes  it  from  that  genus. 

School  Children  at  a  Flower  Show. 

—The  Council  of  the  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society  have  followed  out  the  course  originated  at 
the  spring  show  this  year  of  inviting  the  school  chil- 
dren to  see  their  exhibition  in  the  Waverley  Market. 
On  the  morning  of  the  gth  inst.  711  of  the  boys  and 
girls  attending  New  Street  School,  and  belonging  to 
the  poorest  district  of  the  city  ;  250  boys  from  the 
Original  Ragged  School,  Ramsay  Lane,  and  a  similar 
number  of  girls  from  the  corresponding  institution  in 
Leith  Walk,  with  between  300  and  400  from  the 
United  Industrial  School,  Blackfriars  Street,  assembled 
in  the  Market,  and  under  the  guidance  of  their 
teachers  were  shown  the  various  exhibits.  The 
teachers  proposed  that  the  children  be  kept  in  sections 
in  order  that  there  might  be  no  danger  of  the  flowers 
being  injured,  but  the  officials  of  the  Society  gave 
them  liberty  to  walk  about  freely,  and  it  is  satisfac- 
tory to  learn  that  no  injury  was  done  to  any  of  the 
flowers.  Mr.  Middlemas,  of  the  Edinburgh  Hotel, 
very  generously  provided  each  of  the  children  with  a 
bun  and  sweetmeats,  which  they  seemed  thoroughly 
to  enjoy,  and  a  similar  present  was  made  by  the  same 
gentleman  to  the  children  at  the  Institution  who  were 
unable  to  attend.  The  show  was  visited  on  the  second 
day  by  5000  persons,  exclusive  of  the  children.  The 
Ramsay  Lane  boys  had  their  band  and  pipers,  and 
played  selections  of  music  while  the  children  sang  at 
intervals. 

Oncidium  leucociiilum.— The  majority  of 

the  species  of  Oncidium  are  of  some  shade  of  yellow, 
blotched  with  brown — a  fact  which  greatly  enhances 
the  value  of  those  that  depart  from  the  type.  We 
have  an  instance  of  this  in  O.  incurvum,  with  violet 


and  white  flowers,  a  plant  that  sometimes  passes 
muster  for  Odontoglossum  albo-violaceum.  The 
flowers  of  the  plant  under  notice  present  another 
happy  combination  of  colours.  The  flowers  are  of 
medium  size,  and  produced  on  lateral  racemes  along 
nearly  the  whole  length  of  a  branched  peduncle  some 
5  or  6  feet  high.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  pale 
yellow,  heavily  blotched  with  chocolate-brown.  The 
labellum  is  white,  suffused  with  clear  purple  about 
the  distinct  and  conspicuous  crest.  The  column  is 
white,  wiih  large  clear  purple  wings,  a  yellow  callus 
in  front,  and  a  maroon  anther-cap.  This  attractive 
combination  constitutes  the  plant  a  valuable  one  for 
ordinary  cultivation,  and  although  the  flower-stem  is 
tall,  the  leaves  and  pseudobulbs  are  compact,  occupy- 
ing little  space,  and  well  deserving  of  more  extended 
cultivation.  A  vigorous  well-flowered  specimen  may 
be  seen  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kcw,  and  this  species 
forms  the  first  plate  in  Bateman's  Orchids  of  Mexico. 

Calochortus.  —  Mr.    Ware    sends    us    a 

handful  of  several  varieties  of  these  most  exquisite 
flowers.  Oi  Calochortus  venustus  he  sends  us  several 
varieties  of  surpassing  loveliness,  but  which  it  would 
be  vain  to  attempt  to  pourtray  in  words.  To  those 
who  are  seeking  some  mark  by  which  to  recognise 
them  we  draw  attention  to  the  fringe  of  hairs  placed 
below  the  blotch  of  colour  above  the  base  ol  the 
petals,  on  their  inner  side  ;  sometimes  this  is  a  tuft  of 
short  dense  tawny  hairs,  occupying  the  centre  only  of 
the  petals— at  other  times  it  stretches  across  from 
edge  to  edge  in  a  crescenlic  or  horse-shoe  form,  as  in 
a  form  called  purpureus. 

Caloihorlia  (itrinus  has  smaller  flowers  than  some 
of  its  congeners,  measuring  about  2  inches  in  diameter. 
The  petals  are  brilliant  canary-yellow,  with  a  half- 
moon-shaped  fringe  of  short,  thickset  orange  hairs 
above  the  base. 

Calochortus  sp'endcns.—K  not  very  appropriate 
name  for  a  flower  which  owes  its  chief  beauty  to  the 
lavender-grey  colour  of  its  flowers — just  one  of  those 
dolours  which  'Quaker  ladies  used  to  affect  before  their 
taste  had  become  vulgarised.  The  inside  of  the  petals 
is  lined  with  long  hairs,  and  just  above  the  base  is  a 
small  patch  of  much  denser,  shorter  hairs,  looking 
like  a  mass  of  white  powdered  sugar.  The  anthers 
discharge  their  pollen  before  the  stigmas  are  ripe, 
and  sometimes  the  anthers,  which  are  placed  in  front 
of  the  sepals,  open  before  those  which  are  placed 
opposite  the  petals.  The  structure,  therefore,  as  in 
the  allied  genus,  Cyclobothra,  is  clearly  in  relation  to 
cross-fertilisation  by  insect  agency.  What  insects  can 
they  be  that  recpiire  the  allurements  of  such  special 
beauty  as  these  flowers  present  ? 

Rose  Show,  Antwerp. — We  are  informed 

that  Messrs.  Lambert  &  Reiter,  Rose  growers  at 
Trier,  Rhenish  Prussia,  were  awarded  the  1st  and 
highest  prize  at  the  Antwerp  Exhibition  for  a  col- 
lection of  cut  Roses  in  200  varieties  ©f  all  classes. 
For  their  collections  of  new  Roses,  sent  out  since 
iSSo,  100  varieties  ;  and  for"  Tea  and  Noisettes,  in  fifty 
varieties,  they  gained  as  well  the  1st  prizes.  Messrs, 
Lam  BERT&  Reiter  were  theonly  German  competitors. 

Embothrium  COCCINEUM.— We  understood 

that  the  specimen  at  Combe  Royal,  Kingsbridge,  was 
the  largest  ol  this  ornamental  South  American  shrub, 
but  we  have  just  learned  of  another  which  is  yet  finer. 
This  one  is  flourishing  in  Mr.  Bolitho's  garden  at 
Trewidden,  Penzance,  and  has  been  a  blaze  of  scarlet 
recently,  even  now  its  flowers  may  be  counted  by 
hundred  .  The  trunk,  at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  is 
44  inches  in  girth,  and  its  entire  height  is  certainly 
not  less  than  25  feet;  moreover  it  is  a  good  all  round 
plant,  being  quite  20  feet  through. 

Lilium    Browni. — Mr.  Ware   sends    us 

blooms  of  this  sturdy-looking  Lily,  with  its  long, 
trumpet-like  flowers  speckled  with  purplish-brown 
on  the  outer  side,  white  within.  The  anthers  are 
orange,  and  open  before  the  stigma  is  ripe.  It  was 
formerly  known  as  L.  japonicum. 

Lilium  /•ardalinnm  californicum,  with  six  flowers 
on  one  stem,  the  segments  recurved,  orange-red 
spotted  like  the  pard  at  the  base.  The  peduncles 
spring  from  the  axil  of  a  leafy  bract,  and  each  bears 
at  its  base  on  one  side  a  lesser  bract  or  bracteole  so 
close  to  the  proper  bract  that  there  appear  to  be  two 
leaves  in  juxtaposition  ;  where  the  leaves  become 
crowded  by  the  non-development  of  the  internodes, 
an  appearance  of  a  whorl  is  presented,  but  the  con- 


stituentj  leaves  are  not  all  of  the  same  order  or  age 
as  they  would  be  in  a  true  whorl. 

Lilium  pardaliuum  Bourc^i^i  is  very  similar,  but 
has  broader  flower-segments  of  a  deeper  orange  colour. 

Lilium  elcgaiis. — Various  forms  of  this  are  sent  us 
by  Mr.  Ware,  some  rich  enough  in  their  blood-red 
colour  to  be  worth  calling  atsosanguineum.  We 
quite  subscribe,  however,  to  Mr.  Elwes'  opinion, 
that  it  is  not  possible  to  frame  sufficiently  constant 
distinctions  between  these  forms.  It  is  worth  men- 
tioning that  this  is  the  Lily  formerly  but  erroneously 
called  L.  Thunbergii.  L.  philippinense  was  also  ex- 
hibited by  Mr.  Ware,  in  his  wonderful  collections, 
daily  renewed,  at  the  "  Inventories." 

The   Periodical  Cicada.  —  Dr.   Riley 

obligingly  sends  us  a  report  on  this  remarkable  insect 
(CicJda  septemdecim),  which  after  a  period  of  some- 
thing like  hibernation  lasting  for  seventeen  or  for 
thirteen  years,  suddenly  assumes  a  winged  state.  The 
insects  are  very  destructive  to  the  roots  of  fruit  trees 
in  some  parts  of  the  United  States.  Dr.  Riley  is 
enabled  to  predict  the  occurrence  of  broods  of  these 
insects  almost  each  year  from  1SS5  to  1901,  the  brood 
which  appears  in  any  one  year  being  that  hatched 
from  the  egg  seventeen  or  thirteen  years  previously. 
The  history  of  the  insect  is  most  remarkable,  as  may 
be  judged  from  the  following  extract,  with  which  Dr. 
Riley  commences  his  paper  : — 

"  Few  species  can  claim  such  a  singular  history  as  can 
our  Peiiodical  Cicada.  We  are  moved  to  admiration  in 
contemplating  the  fact  that  an  insect,  after  living  f,jr 
nearly  seventeen  years  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  should 
at  last  ascend  from  its  earthy  retreat,  change  its  sluggish, 
creeping,  and  wingless  form,  and,  endowed  with  the 
power  ot  flight,  become  a  denizen  of  the  air,  and  enjoy 
the  full  glory  of  the  sun.  But  our  wonder  increases 
when  we  reflect  that  this  same  insect  has  appeared  in 
some  part  or  other  of  the  United  States  at  regular 
interv.ils  of  seventeen  years  for  centuries — ay,  for  ages, 
in  the  past !  Long  ere  Columbus  trod  American  soil  this 
lowly  insect  must  have  appeared  regularly  at  its  appointed 
time.  It  must  have  filled  the  woods  with  its  rattling 
song,  when  none  but  wild  beasts  and  savages  were  pre- 
sent to  hear  it.  To  me  there  is  something  pleasant  in 
the  idea  that  through  its  periodicity  we  are  enabled  with 
tolerable  certainty  to  go  back  in  thought,  for  centuries  in 
the  p<'\st.  to  a  particular  month  of  a  particular  year,  or 
even  to  a  given  day,  when  the  woods  resounded  with  its 
song  in  the  same  manner  as  they  did  in  1868,  or  will  the 
present  year. 

"It  was  my  good  fortune  to  discover  that  besides  the 
17-ycar  broods — the  appearance  of  one  of  which  was 
recorded  as  long  ago  as  1633— there  are  also  13-year 
broods  ;  and  that,  though  both  sometimes  occur  in  the 
same  States,  yet  in  general  terms  the  17-year  broods  may 
be  said  to  belong  to  the  Northern,  and  the  13-year 
broods  to  the  Southern  States,  the  dividing  line  being 
about  lat.  38^,  though  in  some  places  the  17-ycar  broods 
extend  below  this  line,  while  in  Illinois  the  13-year  broods 
runs  up  considerably  beyond  it. 

"  1 1  so  happened  that  one  of  the  largest  r7-year  broods, 
together  with  one  of  the  largest  13-year  broods,  appeared 
simultaneously  in  the  summer  of  1868.  Such  an  event, 
so  far  as  regards  these  two  particular  broods,  had  not 
taken  place  since  the  year  1647,  nor  will  it  take  place 
again  till  the  year  2089. 

"  There  arc  absolutely  no  perceptible  specific  differ- 
ences between  the  17-year  and  the  13-year  broods,  other 
than  in  the  time  of  maturing  ;  but  while  the  insects 
forming  these  two  classes  of  broods  are  not  specifically 
distinct,  they  are  good  and  distinct  races  which  do  not 
cross,  and  1  have,  therefore,  for  convenience  sake,  named 
the  13-year  broods  Cicada  tredecim." 

Hull  and  East  Riding  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society. — If  we  may  anticipate  success  for  the 
autumn  show  of  this  Society  from  any  data,  it  is  that 
contained  in  its  last-issued  schedule,  which  has  just 
reached  us.  The  money  prizes  offered  for  cut  bloom 
. — in  the  premier  classes  say  ^25 — is  more  than  the 
corresponding  class  of  any  other  Society,  not  even 
excepting  the  National  ;  besides  which,  the  1st  prize 
of  /"lo  carries  with  it  the  Chairman's  Silver  Chal- 
lenge \'ase  of  still  more  value.  The  prizes  in  the 
second  class  for  cut  bloom  is  also  large.  A  silver 
challenge  cup  of  the  value  of  5  guineas  is  offered  in 
the  amateurs'  classes,  open  to  those  residing  within 
six  miles  of  Hull. 

Mushrooms  Dangerous  unless  Fresh. 

— We  learn  from  the  Farmers'  Gazelle  that,  at  the 
last  meeting  of  the  French  Academy  of  Science  the 
question  of  poisons  in  edible  Mushrooms  was  dis- 
cussed, and  MM.  Roux  and  Houde  presented  a 
report  upon  some  poisonous  products  which  they  had 


July  iS,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


83 


obtained  from  Mushrooms  purchased  in  the  market. 
Half  the  iNFushrooms  were  eaten  (resh  without  any 
bad  result,  the  other  half  was  allowed  to  putrefy  to  a 
slight  extent,  and  were  then  submitted  to  treatment 
with  a  view  to  extract  the  alkaloids.  Four  were 
separated,  and  these,  when  injected  into  the  animal 
tissues  of  guinea-pigs,  brought  about  death  with 
symptoms  of  intoxication.  Those  rather  numerous 
persons  who  prefer  Mushrooms  in  an  incipient  stage 
of  decomposition,  on  account  of  their  stronger  flavour 
in  that  state,  should  take  warning. 

A  Fine  Collection  of   Tumps. — Among 

the  numerous  fine  collections  of  late  Tulips  cultivated 
once  by  amateurs  at  Lille,  France,  one  of  the  best 
was  that  of  Mons.  Tritier.  This  collection 
lately  became  the  property  of  Mons.  Jules  Lesg- 
LART,  son-in-law  of  M.  TkiI'IER,  who  united  it  with 
his  own  fine  collection  in  1S51.  M.  Lenglart 
is  a  passionate  Tulip  amateur,  and  has  preserved  his 
collection  till  now,  adding  to  it  everything  fine  and 
good  to  be  found  in  his  neighbourhood  in  France,  or 
Belgium.  While  all  the  collections  of  some  import- 
ance at  Lille  have  been  sold  at  public  auction  and  dis- 
persed, M.  Lenglart  kept  a  standard  collection  of 
the  best  broken  varieties,  as  well  as  a  very  splendid 
collection  of  bearers,  among  which  are  many  of  his 
own  seedlings.  The  whole  collection  has  been  lately 
sold  to  Messrs.  E.  H.  Krelage  &  Son,  Haarlem, 
Holland,  and  arrived  in  good  condition  in  their 
nursery.  It  will  be  exhibited  next  May  separately  in 
a  flower-bed  close  to  the  two  largeparade  beds  which, 
formed  this  spring,  already  make  a  fine  show  in  that 
nursery. 

Perh'locagr.eca.  — It  is  close  upon  300  years 

since  this  useful  Ascltpiad  was  first  introduced  to 
British  gardens,  yet  notwithstanding  its  hardiness  and 
other  rare  qualities,  its  occurrence  in  gardens  is  ex- 
ceptional, especially  where  the  modern  system  of 
flower  and  carpet-bedding  is  carried  out  to  any  great 
extent.  This  is  to  be  regretted  since  it  could  be  put 
to  a  variety  ol  purposes,  such  as  covering  walls  or 
trellis-work.  For  the  latter  purpose  its  rapidity 
of  growth  is  a  great  recommendation,  enabling  it  to 
cover  large  spaces  in  a  short  time.  The  leaves  are  a 
deep  shining  green,  but  deciduous,  and  the  flowers, 
of  a  rich  velvety-purple,  are  produced  in  great  pro- 
fusion on  extra-axillary  cymes.  The  segments  of  the 
corolla  are  bearded  on  the  inner  (ace,  and  together 
with  the  tail-like  appendages  of  the  corona,  present 
on  clo^e  examination  a  curious  and  complicated  ap- 
pearance. A  good  specimen  has  been  flowering  for 
weeks  on  the  wall  of  the  herbaceous  ground  at  Kew, 
and  is  likely  to  do  so  for  some  time.  This  species 
is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Register,  t.  803,  and  in 
the  Flora  Cr,cca,  t.  249.  We  can  speak  well  of  it  as 
a  hardy  climber  in  the  smokiest  of  town  gardens. 

Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  Carnation. 

— The  splendid  lot  ofihis  Carnation  fiom  Mr. Leopold 
de  RoTHSCHii.ii's  garden  at  AscotI,  Bucks,  which 
appeared  at  the  National  Society's  Rose  Show  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Ijarden  on  the  7ih 
inst.,  and  which  for  size  and  variety  have  never  been 
excelled,  have  been,  we  are  informed,  awarded  a 
Silver  Banksian  Medal  by  the  latter  Society. 

Bromeliads.— Herr  Antoine  continues  the 

publication  of  his  magnificent  series  of  plates  of 
Bromeliads.  The  fifih  part  now  before  us  contains 
descriptions  and  elephant  folio  illustrations  of  the 
following  species  ;  — 

Kiualas  IVtimieri,  X.  21,  22. — Leaves  tufted,  very 
long,  strap-shaped,  pointed,  remotely  spine-toothed 
at  the  margins.  Inflorescence  contracted  ;  floral 
leaves  and  bracts  minium-red  ;  corolla  red. 

A'aiatas  huinilis,  t.  23.  —  Similar  in  habit  to  the 
foregoing  but  with  narrower  leaves  (I  inch  in  width 
at  the  base).  Bracts  leaf-like,  reddish  ;  corolla  lobes 
red  at  the  tip. 

Ka'-alas  fiili;ins,  t.  24 — Leaves  tufted,  each  a  span 
long,  2 — 3  inches  wide,  linear  oblong,  obtuse,  finely 
spinous,  dentate.  Inflorescence  cootracted  ;  bracts 
scarlet  at  the  base.  Calyx  scarlet,  less  than  half  the 
length  of  the  corolla,  the  lobes  of  which  are  purplish. 

A'aiatas  I'urfurca,  t.  25.— Leaves  tufted,  oblong 
acute,  finely  spine-toothed.  Inflorescence  contracted  ; 
bracts  purple  at  the  base.  Calyx-lobes  reddish, 
oblong,  acuminate,  half  the  length  ol  the  scarlet 
corolla. 

Protection   ov  the  Alpine  Flora. — In 

consequence  of  the  articles  which  have  appeared  in 
the  Tillies^  and  in  our  own  columns,  on  this  subject, 
we  have  received  a  subscription  of  £2  2s.  from  Mr. 
Justice  Wills  for  the  benefit  of  the  "  Association  pour 
la  Protection  des  Plantes. "  We  have  sundry  publi- 
cations, detailing  ihe  objects  and  procedures  cf  the 
Society,  which  will  le  sent  on  applicaiion. 


SARRACENIA    DRUMMONDI. 
THE  Right  Time  to  Pot. 

The  varieties  of  Sarracenia  Drummondi,  when 
well  managed,  are  alike  remarkable  for  their  singular 
formation  and  the  beautiful  colouring  of  their  long 
horn-shaped  pitchers.  The  light  coloured  variety,  S. 
Drummondi  alba,  is  the  largest  grower,  and  is  a 
most  desirable  plant,  but  the  markings  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  pitchers  are  not  so  distinct  and  clearly 
defined  as  they  are  in  S.  Drummondi  rubra,  in 
which  the  red  spotting  on  the  white  ground  is  so 
decided  as  To  give  it  a  brighter  appeariuice. 

There  is  a  miniature  form  of  the  red  kind,  like  it 
in  every  way  both  in  shape  and  colour,  only  that  it 
does  not  grow  to  more  than  a  fourth  ol  the  size  that 
the  larger  form  attains.  Both  the  red  and  the  white 
varieties  of  S.  Drummondi  have  been  long  known  to 
cultivators,  but  from  the  fact  of  their  not  producing 
their  horn-shaped  leaves  so  freely  under  the  treatment 
usually  given  them  as  the  other  species  and  varieties 
do,  they  are  oftener  met  with  destitute  of  leaves  that 
show  the  true  character  of  the  plants  than  otherwise. 
All  the  kinds  of  Sarraccnias  produce  one  crop  of 
pitchers  a  year,  in  spring,  except  the  Drummondi 
varieties,  which  differ  from  the  others  that  they 
come  with  two  distinct  crops  each  year — ^  in  spring, 
and  again  in  autumn.  The  natural  habit  of  the 
plants  is  that  a  portion  ol  the  leaves  which  rise  from 
each  crown  should  come  plain,  or  strap-shaped,  the 
remainder,  the  strongest — usually  one  or  two  to  each 
crown— hollow,  and  furnished  with  the  lid  appendage. 
Bat,  as  ordinarily  treated,  it  usually  happens  that  all 
the  spring  crop  of  leaves  of  the  Drummondi  varieties 
come  strap-shaped,  in  which  condition,  it  is  needless 
to  say,  there  is  little  beauty  or  interest  attached  to 
them.  For  a  good  many  years  after  I  began  to  grow 
Sarracenias  this  was  the  way  that  the  Drummondis, 
both  red  and  white,  served  me. 

Being  otherways  successful  in  getting  the  various 
kinds  unusually  strong,  I  felt  dissatisfied  at  the  be- 
haviour of  the  sorts  particularly  under  notice  ;  as, 
with  their  old  autumn-formed  pitchers  in  a  dingy 
discoloured  stale  through  the  summer,  when  the  other 
sorts  were'in  their  best  condition,  in  place  of  adding  to 
the  appearance  of  the  collection,  they  detracted  from  it. 
To  grow  Sarracenias  with  any  degree  of  certainty 
as  to  their  doing  as  they  ought,  they  require  to  be 
taken  wholly  out  of  the  old  potting  soil  once  a  year  ; 
for,  however  lasting  in  texture  it  may  be,  the  satu- 
rated condition  the  plants  like  it  to  be  kept  in 
endangers  its  becoming  sodden  and  pasty  before  the 
end  of  a  second  season,  in  which  state  the  roots  die  ; 
and  it  takes  years  to  bring  the  plants  round  again. 

My  practice  up  to  the  time  named  had  been  to 
repot  the  whole  stock  early  in  the  year,  about  the 
end  of  February.  The  Drummondi  varieties  begin 
to  grow  considerably  earlier  than  the  others.  [They 
come  from  more  southerly  latitudes.  Ed.]  The  roots 
of  all  the  kinds  are  in  active  motion  before  top 
growth  begins  ;  consequently  at  the  time  I  had 
hitherto  potted  them  the  Drummondis  were  moving. 
It  then  occurred  to  me  that  the  disturbance  conse- 
quent on  shaking  out  after  the  roots  had  commenced 
growing  might  be  the  cause  of  their  failing  to  make 
leaves  of  the  right  character  in  spring.  To  prove 
whether  this  was  so  or  not,  I  again  shook  out  the 
Drummondis  the  following  summer,  about  July,  when 
Ihey  were  wholly  at  rest,  both  tops  and  roots.  The 
result  was  that  in  the  autumn  they  made  their  full 
complement  of  horn-shaped  leaves,  and  in  spring 
another  crop,  individually  bigger  than  ever  the  autumn 
set  had  been.  The  largest  produced  by  the  white 
variety,  which  is  a  stronger  grower  than  the  red  sort, 
were  over  a  yard  long,  stout  in  proportion,  with  more 
than  an  ordinary  amount  of  white  ground  colour  and 
spotting.  After  this  the  Drummondi  section  were 
always  potted  in  summer,  and  continued  to  give  two 
crops  of  leaves  of  the  desired  shape  each  year. 

Where  Sarracenias  do  well  I  know  of  no  more 
interesting  or  desirable  plants  ;  their  singular  forma- 
tion of  leaf,  and  equally  singular  and  beautifully 
shaped  flowers,  differing  wholly,  as  they  do,  from  all 
other  things,  never  fail  to  make  them  attractive.  In 
addition  to  the  curious  shape  of  the  flowers,  common 
to  all  the  species  and  varieties,  those  of  S.  purpurea, 
and  the  seedling  varieties  that  have  sprung  from  it, 
are  of  a  beautil^ul  deep  crimson  colour,  glossy  and 
smooth  in  texture,  whilst  those  of  S.  rubra,  which  are 
proportionately  smaller  than  those  of  S-  purpurea, 
besides  their  leaf  colouring,  are  as  sweet  and  highly 


perfumed  as  Violets.  Most  of  the  other  kinds  pro- 
duce pale  yellow  or  sulphur-coloured  flowers.  Whilst 
Sarracenias  are  small,  and  have  not  acquired  enough 
strength,  it  is  well  to  remove  the  flowers  as  soon  as 
they  appear,  as  this  naturally  helps  to  strengthen 
them.  Little  account  has  hitherto  been  taken  of  the 
bloom  of  Sarracenias  ;  but  when  the  plants  get  strong 
the  flowers  are  by  no  means  the  least  attractive 
feature  they  present,  as  the  fine  series  of  illustrations 
in  this  joumal  some  year  or  two  since  may  testify. 

The  condition  in  which  these  plants  are  often  met 
with  is  not  such  as  is  likely  to  induce  those  who  have 
not  seen  them  when  fairly  managed  to  commence  to 
grow  them.  Many  suppose  their  cultivation  is  diffi- 
cult, but  su  is  not  the  case.  I  cannot  admit  that 
any  plant  is  difficult  to  grow  that,  like  the  Sarra- 
cenias, requites  nothing  more  than  continuous  routine 
treatment,  with  little  more  variation  than  the  differ- 
ence between  the  summer  and  the  winter  season 
necessitates. 

There  need  be  no  hesitation  about  the  degree  of  dry- 
ness the  soil  must  be  allowed  to  get  to  at  different  sea- 
sons of  the  year,  such  as  requires  to  be  studied  with  a 
good  many  plants.  The  soil  wants  to  be  kept  sopping 
wet  from  the  time  the  roots  begin  to  stir  until  late  in 
autumn  ;  in  the  winter  less  moist,  but  never  dry.  To  ^ 
be  repotted  in  wholly  new  soil  once  a  year  at  the 
times  stated  ;  the  plants  to  be  kept  close  to  the  glass, 
with  no  more  shade  than  will  keep  the  sun  from 
burning  the  leaves.  A  temperature  of  48"  to  50°  in 
the  night  in  winter,  about  60^  at  night  during  summer, 
and  a  proportionate  rise  in  the  day,  according  to  the 
time  of  the  year  and  state  of  the  weather,  and  kcep- 
i,ng  perfectly  free  from  aphides  and  thrips,  is  all  they 
want.  So  treated  they  will  go  on  increasing  in  size 
and  vigour,  with  an  absence  of  the  uncertainty 
attached  to  many  kinds  of  plants. 

The  fact  of  their  only  requiring  to  be  kept  in  an 
intermediate  temperature  at  all  seasons  commends 
Sarracenias  to  many  who  have  not  command  of  heat 
enough  to  grow  Nepenthes,  to  which  they  are  little, 
if  any  inferior,  when  all  their  merits  are  taken  into 
account.   T.  B. 


MANURIAL    USES    OF    TAN. 

Has  spent  tan  any  manurial  value?  Applied  to 
grass  land,  either  in  afresh  or  rotten  state,  it  gives  no 
good  result  at  all — its  presence  seems,  if  anything, 
detrimental.  Does  it  contain  any  essential  plant 
food  ?  and  if  so,  do  certain  deleterious  properties 
counteract  any  benefit  that  might  otherwise  accrue 
from  that  plant  food  ?  At  many  leather- tanning 
establishments  throughout  the  country  vast  accumula- 
tions of  spent  tan  exist,  for  which  there  seems  to  be 
difficulty  in  finding  suitable  use  ;  yet  I  am  impressed 
with  ihe  idea  that  it  should  have  its  uses  in  aiding 
fertility  in  the  soil,  or  at  least  in  awakening  dormant 
fertility  in  close  difficultly  workable  soils. 

Poor  land,  whether  of  the  light  dry  sandy  or 
extremely  stiff  clayey  order,  is  greatly  benefited  by 
admixture  with  humu?,  although  the  humus  contain 
no  plant  food  in  its  composition  ;  for  humus  certainly 
tends  to  modify  certain  defects  in  both  these  kinds  of 
land  ;  it  lends  a  retentiveness  of  moisture  to  the  dry 
sandy,  and  tends  to  keep  open  and  pervious  to  water 
the  stiff  close  clays,  by  both  mechanical  and  chemical 
action.  That  pure  humus  is  not,  and  does  not  con- 
tain, a  plant  food,  such  as  plants  take  in  by  means  of 
their  roots,  has  long  since  been  demonstrated  by 
Liebig.  Usually,  however,  humus  is  by  no  means 
(chemically)  pure,  and  it  is  considered  that  great 
benefit  is  derived  from  it  by  plants,  when,  on  its 
decay,  it  yields  up  these  impurities  {probably  valuable 
plant  foods)  in  that  soluble  condition  in  which  they 
(the  plants)  can  make  use  of  them.  What  we[now  want 
to  know  is — Is  tan,  when  fully  rotted,  pure  or  impure 
humus?  and,  if  the  latter,  are  the  impurities  con- 
tained in  such  humus  good  plant  food,  or  merely 
harmless,  or  really  deleterious  matters  ? 

Till  science  has  thrown  more  light  on  the  subject, 
I  hold  that  quite  rotten  tan  is  humus,  and  it  is  well 
known  that  many  kinds  of  soil  are,  as  before  stated, 
much  improved  in  condition  and  consequent  produc- 
tiveness, by  having  humus  mixed  into  them,  although 
that  humus  contains  no  plant  food  whatever. 

I  have  had  large  heaps  of  tan  placed  close  to  a 
dead  well,  and  whenever  the  latter  has  become  full 
the  contents  have  been  pumped  out  on  to  the  tan,  the 
water  subsequently  draining  away,  while  the  virtue, 
or  at  least  some  ol  it,  remained  in  the  tan. 

This  saturated  tan  applied  to  grass  land  appears  to 
give  very  good  results  so  far.  In  the  absence  of 
scientifically  conducted  experiments,  however,  it  is  of 


84 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  1885 


course  impossible  for  me  to  judge  whether  all  the 
goodness  out  of  the  dead-well  stuff  is  retained  by 
means  of  the  tan,  or  even  so  much  of  it  as  would  be 
retained  by  using  in  a  similar  manner  charcoal, 
dried  peat,  or  earth  of  some  kind.  I  have 
also  for  some  years  used  tan  mixed  with  ordinary 
farmyard  manure,  rotted  down  together,  as  a  mulch- 
ing for  Roses  and  fruit  trees  in  hot  dry  soil,  and  the 
result  has  apparently  been  very  beneficial.  I  imagine 
ground  coprolites  mixed  intimately  with  tan  by  being 
thrown  on  a  heap  thereof,  and  at  the  same  time  turn- 
ing the  tan  well  over,  would  shortly  have  the  phos- 
phates rendered  as  soluble  as  in  superphosphate,  and 
in  the  above-named  soils  (especially  where  phosphoric 
acid  is  deficient)  would  then  make  a  very  valuable 
manure.  Kainit  and  other  potash  manures  would 
also  have  their  solubility  much  increased,  and  so 
become  much  more  valuable  by  being  mixed  with  the 
tan  some  time  before  its  application  to  land. 

If  any  of  your  correspondents  learned  in  scientific 
agri-horticulture  would  give  us,  through  the  medium 
of  your  columns,  their  opinions  on  this  subject  they 
would,  I  feel  sure,  interest  a  large  class  of  your 
readers.  J,  E.  E. 


seemed  to  me  (on  the  authority  of  observations  made 
by  the  eminent  American  entomologists,  Harris,  Riley, 
and  Walsh)  to  be  plant-feeders.  This  article  was  sup- 
plemented by  me  in  a  more  extended  memoir  pub- 
lished in  the  Transaclions  of  the  Enloinoloi^ical 
Society  of  London,  in  which  my  opinion,  as  stated 
above,  was  maintained. 

Several  naturalists,  including  Mr.  McLachlan,  dis- 
sented from  my  view  of  the  subject,  considering  that 
the  Isosoms  agreed  with  other  Eurytomides  (to  which 
group  the  Isosomx  were  structurally  referrible)  in  being 
parasites  on  the  beetles,  or  some  other  insects  infesting 
the  Orchids  ;  and  in  an  article  which  appeared  in  the 
Gardening  Il'or/J  on  May  16,  1SS5,  Mr.  McLachlan 
writes  concerning  Isosoma  orchidearum,  "  There  is 
some  amount  of  mystery  attached  to  it.    The  Isosoma 


THE    HAY   CROP. 

At  the  end  of  April  of  the  present  year  it  was  con- 
fidently expected  that  we  should  gather  in  an  exceed- 
ingly abundant  hay  crop,  but  the  result  once  again 
proves  how  very  much  the  cultivator  of  the  soil  is 
dependent  upon  the  weather  for  his  reward. 

Although  May  gave,  according  to  the  Rothamsted 
rain-gauge,  the  heaviest  rainfall  that  has  occurred 
since  the  year  1S79,  yet  the  cold  atmosphere  which 
accompanied  it  counteracted  to  a  great  extent  its 
beneficial  effects  upon  the  mixed  herbage  of  our  grass- 
lands. 

The  month  of  June,  while  giving  a  more  than 
average  amount  of  rain,  experienced  exceedingly 
variable  temperature,  the  night  air  being  frequently 
not  many  degrees  above  the  freezing-point  of  water. 
The  variation  in  warmth  between  two  succeeding 
days,  the  24th  and  25th,  was  l8°.6,  the  one  registering 
77°.S,  and  the  other  59°.2. 

These  great  extremes  are  very  trying  to  vegetation, 
and  accordingly  we  find  from  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes'  expe- 
rimental hay  at  Rothamsted,  which  has  just  been 
secured  in  capital  condition,  that  the  general  result  of 
this  year's  crop  is  below  the  average  of  the  past 
twenty  years.  Without  manure  the  produce  per  acre 
was  igi  cwt.  This  is  about  3  cwt.  more  than  the 
same  plot  gave  last  year,  but  is  2  cwt.  below  the 
average  return. 

The  portion  of  ground  which  this  season  gave  the 
heaviest  yield  of  hay  per  acre  was  manured  with 
mixed  mineral  manure  and  600  lb.  of  ammonium 
salts.  The  result  of  this  heavy  dressing  of  artificial 
manure  was  563  cwt.  of  hay,  being  I3,V  cwt.  less  than 
the  same  quantity  of  manure  gave  last  year,  and  is 
5l  cwt.  per  acre  below  the  average  for  this  plot. 

Between  these  two  extremes  there  are  twenty  plots, 
each  receiving  a  different  manurial  application,  and 
under  each  condition  of  manure  the  yield  of  hay  is 
deficient,  r.inging  from  i  cwt.  to  9  cwt.  per  acre 
below  the  average  record. 

The  leguminous  plants— the  Clovers,  Vetchlings, 
and  Bird's-foot  Trefoil— have  this  season  made  extra- 
ordinary growth  in  the  mixed  herbage  of  our  mea- 
dows, more  particularly  Lathyrus  pratensis  and  Lotus 
corniculatus ;  so  that  while  the  bulk  is  somewhat 
small,  the  quality  of  the  hay  is  generally  excellent, 
and  fully  makes  up  for  the  deficient  yield,  y.  IV., 
Harpcnden,  July  13. 


GALLS    ON    THE    ROOTS    OF 
ORCHIDS. 

There  will,  I  trust,  be  no  need  for  apology  for  re- 
ferring the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  to  an 
article  which  was  published  in  that  work,  in  1S69, 
p.  1230,  on  two  kinds  of  insects  found  between  the 
leaves  of  a  bud  of  an  exotic  species  of  Orchis  by  Mr. 
Bateman,  one  of  which  was  evidently  the  larva  of  some 
kind  of  weevil  (Curculio  sp  ?),  and  the  others  were  im- 
mature specimens  of  a  minute  hymenopterous  insect, 
to  which  I  applied  the  name  of  Isosoma  Orchidearum, 
belonging  to  a  very  numerous  family,  Chalcidida?,  of 
which  the  species  had  theretofore  been  observed  only 
as  parasites  in  the  bodies  of  other  insects,  but  which 


imported  in  June,  187S,  by  Mr.  G.  E.  Cox,  of  Leyton. 
These  galls,  represented  in  fig.  19,  D,  are  about  the  size 
of  grains  of  Wheat,  and  on  opening  one  of  them  (x) 
a  minute  oval  cell  was  found,  tenanted  by  a  small 
orange-yellow  larva  (e),  one  eighth  of  an  inch  long, 
and  which  was  clearly  referable— as  proved  by  the 
structure  of  the  head  (F),  exhibiting  the  little  corneous, 
forked,  refractile  implement  shown  separately  (G) 
within  the  underside  of  the  front  of  the  segment  next 
to  the  head— to  one  of  the  little  midges  of  the  genus 
Cecidomyia.  In  this  case,  therefore,  it  is  clear  that 
the  gall  was  the  product  of  the  gall- midge,  and  that 
the  latter  had  not  been  supplanted  by  an  Isosoma. 

Since  my  memoir  was  published  there  have, 
however,  appeared  several  further  notices  on  the 
Isosoma,  both  in  America  and  Russia,  fully  con- 
firming the  existence  of  Isosoms  where  no  true  gall- 
flies, either  midges  or  Cynipidse,  occurred.  And 
in  our  own  country  I  have  the  opinion  of  a 
very  competent  observer,  Mr.  Thomas  Whitmarsh, 
of  Wilton,  near  Salisbury,  who  has  examined  "  thou- 
sands "  of  specimens  of  "  joint  worms "  found  in 
grass,  and  which  the  structure  of  the  mouth-organs 
clearly  proved  that  they  were  mandibulated  larvje  of 
IsosomK  and  not  those  of  a  midge.  /.  0.  W.,  Oxford, 
May  26. 


belongs  to  a  group  of  Hymenoptera,  parasitic  in  the 
larvie  of  other  insects,  but  some  maintain  that  in  this 
case  the  habit  is  abandoned,  and  that  the  Hymen- 
optera [Isojoma]  itself  is  the  true  cause  of  the  damage. 
Since  Professor  Westwood's  paper  was  published,  I 
have  myself  bred,  from  swellings  on  the  roots  of 
Cattleya,  both  the  Isosoma  and  minute  midges  of  the 
dipterous  family  Cecidomyiidae ;  hence  I  think  it 
highly  probable  that  Isosoma  is  really  parasitic  on  the 
midge,  and  that  it  is  the  latter  that  does  the  damage. 
What  was  the  colour  of  the  larvK  found  within 
swollen  buds  of  Cattleyas  in  company  with  the 
Isosomse?  If  reddish  or  orange  they  are  pretty  sure 
to  be  those  of  the  midge."  The  Editor  adds  :— "  The 
larvre  are  not  red,  but  pure  white,"  which  would  imply 
that  they  are  the  larvje  of  the  Isosomse. 


Mr.  McLachlan  was  good  enough  to  give  me  speci- 
mens of  the  infested  root  of  the  Cattleya  (fig.  A  in  the 
accompanying  woodcut,  fig.  19)1  showing  two  galls  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  root.  He  also  gave  me  a  specimen 
of  each  sex  of  the  very  minute  midge  itself.  Of  the 
male  I  have  here  represented,  in  fig.  B,  one  of  the 
binodose  joints  of  the  antenna,  together  with 
one  of  the  wings  (fig.  c),  in  which  the  lower  or 
posterior  vein  (*)  becomes  scarcely  visible  at  about 
half  of  its  ordinary  distance  from  the  base  of  the 
wing.  These  figures  are  sufficient  to  prove  that  these 
CecidomyiK  were  inhabitants  of  the  root-galls  of  the 
Cattleya,  although  on  opening  the  larger  upper  gall 
in  fig  A,  the  interior  was  found  to  be  solid,  and 
untenanted  by  any  insect. 

I  had,  however,  long  previously  been  able  to  make 
another  observation  on  the  inhabitant  of  a  root-gall 
found  at  the  end  of  the  rootlets  of  a  Dendrobium 


jiOjVlE     f  0RRE3P0J^DEJ^CE. 


Raising  Roses  from  Eyes, — As  this  mode  of 
raising  Roses  has  of  late  obtained  some  slight  share 
of  the  attention  it  deserves,  it  is  likely  that  a  hint  as 
to  one  point  in  the  practice  may  be  useful.  About 
the  year  1856  I  first  adopted  the  practice,  and  very 
soon  acquired  expertness  in  it,  so  that  from  a  half- 
ripe  rod  I  could  obtain  as  many  plants  as  the  leaves 
on  the  rod,  save  the  youngest  at  the  extremity.  By 
making  a  fair  cutting  of  the  top  the  whole  of  the  rod 
was  utilised,  and  the  result  was  a  batch  of  own- 
root  Roses  with  a  vigour  of  life  and  general 
character  approximating  to  seedlings.  I  explained 
by  means  of  a  diagram  the  right  way  to  do  it  in  the 
Floral  World  oi  July,  i860,  and  subsequently  in  my 
Amateurs'  Rose  Book,  p.  52.  The  bud  is  cut  in  pre- 
cisely the  same  as  for  budding,  but  a  portion  of  the 
leaf  is  retained  and  the  bud  is  not  peeled  ;  in  other 
words,  wood  and  bark  remain  intact,  to  form  a  disc 
from  which  roots  will  in  due  time  be  emitted.  The 
newer  practitioners  of  the  art  remove  the  leaf  entirely. 
Now  we  know  where  to  look  for  the  proof  of  the  pudding, 
and  I  shall  leave  all  the  newer  practitioners  to  go 
their  own  way.  But  having  propagated  from  eyes 
with  leaves  and  eyes  without  leaves,  I  can  say  that 
the  leaf  hastens  the  rooting  process.  But  with  entire 
leaves  it  is  impossible  to  pack  the  eyes  closely  in  the 
cutting  boxes,  therefore  I  remove  by  a  clip  with 
scissors  all  but  the  two  lowest  leaflets,  and  if  need  be 
clip  off  the  halves  of  them.  When  dibbed  into  sand 
just  deep  enough  to  hold  them  and  placed  on  a  gentle 
bottom-heat,  the  rooting  is  soon  accomplished,  and 
the  bud  rises  in  a  beautiful  healthy  growth.  It  is  the 
best  of  all  modes  of  propagating  Roses.  Shirley 
Hibberd. 

The  late  Mr.  Rowe  ;  an  Appeal — About  three 
months  since,  I  read  in  your  paper  an  account  of 
the  death  of  Mr.  Rowe,  ol  Northampton,  florist,  late 
gardener  to  the  Lady  Clifden,  and  formerly  of  Roe- 
hampton,  where  he  was  well  known  and  much  re- 
spected as  a  gardener.  At  his  death  he  left  a  widow 
and  four  children,  who  have  since  had  a  hard  struggle 
for  a  living.  A  short  time  since,  as  you  have  already 
stated,  the  poor  widow  was  taken  suddenly  ill  from 
the  effects  of  sunstroke  and  died  in  less  than  two 
hours,  thus  leaving  the  four  children  in  a  most  desti- 
tute state,  three  of  them  quite  unable  to  do  anything 
for  their  support.  The  eldest,  a  girl,  is  apprenticed  to 
the  dressmaking,  and  is  of  course  quite  unable  to  help 
to  support  the  other  three.  My  oliject  in  writing  to 
you  is  to  ask  aid  for  these  poor  orphans,  by  publishing 
this  letter  in  order  to  enlist  the  sympathy  of  my  fellow 
gardeners  for  these  poor  helpless  children.  From  my 
own  knowledge  of  gardeners  generally,  I  believe  this 
appeal  will  not  be  made  in  vain.  I  therefore  trust,  for 
humanity's  sake,  that  every  gardener  on  reading  this 
letter  will  at  once  contribnte  any  small  sum  they  can 
spare  to  so  laudable  an  object.  I  have  great  pleasure 
in  adding  that  the  children  are  now  under  the  care  of 
the  Rev.  F.  S.  Thornton,  Vicar  of  St.  Sepulchre's, 
Northampton,   who  will  be  pleased  to  receive  any 


TULY  i8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


85 


small  contributions  sent  to  him  on  behalf  of  these  poor 
children,  and  willsee  the  same  properly  applied  to  their 
use.  H.  Beailey,  Gardener, Earls  Barton,  Northampton. 
[We  have  already  received  from  H.  G.Gribble  5-t.,  and 
from  H.  Maycock  2j.  6</.,  and  shall  be  happy  to  for- 
ward any  subscriptions  we  may  receive  to  the  Rev.  J. 
S.  Thornton,  on  behalf  of  these  orphans.  Ed  ] 

Mildness  of  Last  Winter.— As  evidence  of  the 
mildness  of  last  winter,  it  may  be  interesting  to 
mention  that  there  are  now  freely  blooming  in  the 
borders  of  my  garden  in  Shropshire,  and  in  an 
exposed  situation,  some  dozens  of  Calceolarias  and 
several  Purple  King  Verbenas  which  have  stood  the 
winter  without  the  least  protection.    W.  H.  0.  S. 

National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society 
(Southern  Section).— The  ninth  exhibition  of  the 
above  Society  will  be  held  in  the  Conservatory  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  July  2S.  The 
Treasurer  (Mr.  H.  A.  Rolt,  170,  Hartfield  Road, 
New  Wimbledon),  will  Ibe  glad  to  receive  subscrip- 
tions or  donations  to  make  the  exhibition  a  financial 
success.  He  requires  .ifao  more  than  he  has  yet 
received.  Tne  prizes  have  to  be  paid  immediately 
after  the  exhibition.  A  few  friends  came  forward 
and  generously  subscribed  the  funds  to  make  the 
Auricula  exhibition  a  financial  success.  The  com- 
mittee hope  that  the  more  popular  Carnation  exhibi- 
tion may  receive  at  least  tqual  support.  A  few  old 
subscribers  annually  fall  off,  but  if  each  member 
would  obtain  one  new  subscriber  the  success  of  the 
exhibition  would  be  assured.  Intending  exhibitors 
will  please  to  send  their  entries  to  Mr.  Barron,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  South  Kensington,  at  least 
four  clear  days  before  the  2Sth.  y.  Douglas,  Hon, 
Sec. ,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford. 

Propagation  of  Lettuce. — It  may  be  an  object 
with  some  to  propagate  Lettuces  without  waiting  for 
their  more  tedious  production  by  seed.  Everybody 
knows  that  when  a  Lettuce  is  cut  the  stump  sends  up 
a  parcel  of  shoots  ;  but  it  may  not  be  known  to  every- 
one that  each  of  these  shoots  possesses  its  own  peculiar 
root,  and  that  by  slipping  it  off,  with  a  portion  of  the 
skin  and  stalk  below  it,  a  perfect  Lettuce  plant  will 
be  obtained.  It  is  said  Cabbages  are  thus  propa- 
gated In  India.  A  Lettuce,  however,  has  much  the 
advantage  of  a  Cabbage  in  this  matter  ;  for  it  is  much 
easier  to  slip  off  with  the  Lettuce  shoot  a  small  por- 
tion of  the  old  root,  which  may  probably  assist  the 
rooting  of  the  plant.  We  have  frequently  propagated 
Lettuces  in  this  way,  and  the  result  has  been  most 
satisfactory.  We  proceed  thus  :— We  take  up  the 
stump  when  the  shoots  are  about  an  inch  long  ;  but 
we  have  often  taken  some  even  3  or  4  inches  long. 
We  slice  the  stump  for  about  an  inch  or  so  down,  so 
as  to  form  a  small,  triangular-shaped  slice  of  old  stem 
to  each  shoot,  and  tear  this  off  so  as  to  bring  a  small 
portion  of  the  old  root  with  it.  We  dibble  them  out 
on  well  manured  ground,  about  twice  as  thick  as  we 
propose  them  to  stand,  lest  there  should  be  any  failure  ; 
and  as  we  can  transplant  the  spare  ones  afterwards, 
we  put  them  in  pretty  deep,  so  as  to  have  the  entire 
stem  slice  below  the  surface,  and  give  them  plenty  of 
water.  Of  those  so  treated  not  one  will  fail. 
*' Farmers*  Gazette.** 

Children's  Exhibitions. — It  is  now  a  somewhat 
common  practice  to  offer  prizes  at  horticultural  exhi- 
bitions for  collections  and  bouquets  of  wild  flowers 
gathered  and  made-up  by  children.  This  is  some- 
thing gained,  but  it  is  by  no  means  all  that  should 
be  sought,  and  a  few  days  ago  the  Rev.  George 
Henslow,  when  speaking  at  the  luncheon  in  connec- 
tion with  the  summer  exhibition  of  the  Ealing,  Acton, 
and  Hanwell  Horticultural  Society,  in  Gunnersbury 
Park,  highly  praised  the  bouquets  made  up  by  children, 
which  he  regarded  as  a  very  interesting  collection,  and 
one  in  which  he  felt  a  peculiar  interest,  for  thirty  years 
ago  his  father,  in  Suffolk,  used  to  teach  the  children  in 
the  National  School  the  elements  of  botany,  so  that  they 
not  only  made  bouquets  of  wild  flowers,  but  they  would 
tell  the  name  of  every  plant  and  the  structure  of  every 
flower  in  the  bouquet.  [The  late  Professor  Henslow's 
letters  on  this  subject  were  published  in  this  journal  at 
the  time,  and  excited  great  attention.  Ed.]  This  point 
he  enforced  as  one  of  great  practical  importance.  Some 
might  say  it  was  superfluous  to  teach  children  such 
things,  and  ask — What  is  the  good  ?  Practical  good, 
however,  had  come  of  such  teaching.  When  he  had  a 
curacy  in  the  South  of  England  he  followed  his  father's 


practice,  and  the  children,  instead  of  getting  into  mis- 
chief in  the  streets,  were  increasing  their  intelligence  by 
going  in  search  of  wild  flowers  for  prizes.  If  any  one 
would  teach  the  exhibitors  of  the  wild  flower  bouquets 
the  elements  of  botany  a  great  deal  of  practical  good 
would  come  of  it.  They  might  be  taught  the  uses  of 
plants,  that  Aconite  was  a  deadly  poison,  and  that  any 
member  of  the  Wallflower  family  of  plants  could  be 
eaten  without  harm.  This  knowledge  would  be  very 
useful,  for  he  had  known  many  children  poisoned  by 
eating  the  berries  of  Belladonna.  One  instance  where 
such  teaching  had  led  to  advancement  in  life  could 
be  given.  Mr.  Maries,  who  had  beei^a  collector  of 
plants  in  Japan  for  Mr.  Veilch,  told  him  some  time 
since  that  his  interest  in  flowers  dated  from  the  time 
when  he  learned  the  elements  of  botany  at  his  (the 
speaker's)  school  in  Warwickshire,  and  that  he  had 
found  the  knowledge  he  there  gained  of  the  greatest 
use  to  him  in  gardening,  and  in  his  botanical  jour- 
neyings.  R.  D. 

Peaches  at  Port  Elliot,  Cornwall.- Mr.  Knox, 
who  has  held  for  many  years  the  position  of  gardener 
to  the  Earl  of  St.  Germans  at  Port  Elliot,  Cornwall, 
is  well  known  as  a  good  fruit  grower,  and  the  Peach- 
house  there  is  similar  in  style  to  the  one  at  Creedy 
Park,  recently  described  in  this  journal.  The  dimen- 
sions of  the  early  house  are  about  40  feet  by  8  feet, 
and  on  the  back  wall  are  trained  Tea  Roses,  which 
supply  abundance  of  flowers  from  early  spring.  There 
are  three  Peach  trees  in  the  house — two  of  Royal 
George,  and  one  of  Violette  Hative ;  these  are  planted 
in  the  front  of  the  border,  and  trained  parallel  to  the 
lean-to  roof,  being  16  or  iS  inches  from  the  glass. 
The  crop  numbered  about  350  large  fruits,  some  of 
them  measuring  9  and  10  inches  round,    IV,  Napper. 

Exhibiting  Orchids. — As  a  grower  and  also  an 
exhibitor  of  Orchids  I  read  with  much  interest  the 
remarks  at  p.  16  on  this  subject.  The  writer  is,  like 
myself,  against  the  system  of  making  up  Orchids  on 
purpose  to  show  them  ;  but  there  are,  it  is  needless  to 
say,  two  sides  to  this  question.  The  managers  of 
flower  shows  cannot  be  expected  to  object  to  made-up 
specimens,  as  the  larger  they  are  so  much  the  greater 
is  the  display.  And  if  amateurs  and  the  trade  like  to 
risk  any  probable  injury  to  their  plants  it  is  no  one's 
business  but  their  own.  As  a  practical  illustration  I 
might  allude  to  the  schedule  issued  by  the  managers 
of  the  Regent's  Park  exhibition.  The  exhibitors  have 
a  considerable  degree  of  freedom  ;  they  are  not 
required  to  show  distinct  species,  or  even  varieties  of 
species.  In  one  class  no  allusion  is  made  to  speci- 
mens massed  together,  but  exhibitors  please  them- 
selves whether  they  will  exhibit  in  that  way  or  show 
single  specimens,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  In  another 
class  bond  fide  specimens  only  are  admitted.  This 
arrangement  I  greatly  approve  of,  and  hope  it  will  be 
continued  in  future.  The  suggestion  to  provide  a 
class  for  fifty  Orchids  is  one  that  I  hope  managers  of 
flower  shows  will  not  adopt.  Such  a  class  would 
bring  the  best  growers  to  the  front  it  is  said.  This  is 
very  doubtful.  Who  could  show  such  a  large  num- 
ber? Very  few  indeed.  It  would  be  the  means  of 
bringing  some  very  poor  specimens  to  the  front  ;  in 
that  case  the  Maidenhair  Ferns  would  be  useful  to 
hide  the  blemishes.  Some  exhibitors  of  Orchids  do 
not  grow  Maidenhair  Ferns  by  the  half  hundred.  I 
do  not ;  and  protest  against  being  required  to  exhibit 
Ferns  or  any  other  plants  because  I  am  required  to 
show  Orchids.  Masdevallias  may  be  exhibited  in 
square  deal  trays  ;  but  such  an  infringement  of  good 
taste  never  occurred  at  any  London  show,  and  on 
this  subject  I  may  remark  that  Masdevallias  are  not 
injured  by  being  turned  out  of  the  pots  in  which  they 
are  grown  and  used  to  make  up  a  large  specimen. 
Cypripediums  may  be  used  in  the  same  way  without 
being  injured  ;  so  also  may  other  species  and  varieties 
of  Orchids.  It  must  not  be  supposed,  because  I  say 
this,  that  I  advocate  making  up  masses  of  Orchids. 
I  do  not  approve  of  it,  and  rarely  ever  do  it.  The 
writer  of  the  article  in  question  is  drawing  upon 
his  imagination,  when  he  alludes  to  the  annoyance 
caused  to  master  and  man  by  the  ruthless  manner 
in  which  their  plants  have  been  treated.  It  is  also 
begging  the  question  to  write  of  "  thirty  spikes  of 
Odontoglossum  Alexandra  all  muddled  together  in  a 
pan  a  yard  across,"  "  a  score  of  Masdevallias  in  a 
deal  tray,"  or  a  '*  heap  of  Oncidium  concolor  fixed 
round  an  immense  block."  And  further,  I  cannot 
understand  how  "  a  painstaking  and  careful  man  can 
be  placed  at  any  disadvantage  because  he  cannot  pro- 


duce anything  like  the  plants  at  the  show."  This  is 
the  old  grievance  trotted  out  once  more.  It  is  very 
unfair  too  to  write  of  the  present  manner  of  exhibiting 
"as  producing  false  impressions,"  and  an  insult  to 
exhibitors  to  say  that  the  Orchids  are  now  **  mostly 
staged  with  but  little  idea  or  attempt  at  beauty  of 
arrangement  or  effective  display."  Those  who  have 
little  or  no  experience  of  exhibiting  themselves  are 
always  ready  enough  with  their  advice.  The  plan  of 
exhibiting  a  large  number  of  Orchids  mixed  with 
Ferns  has  been  tried  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  the 
result  has  not  been  such  as  to  recommend  its  adoption  - 
anywhere  else.  Jas.  Douglas,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford. 

Dicksonia  antarctica  and  Phormium, — Two 
fine  specimens  of  the  former  enjoy  sheltered  positions 
in  the  gardens  of  Trewidden,  Cornwall,  and  great 
masses  of  Phormium  tenax  are  now  sending  up  their 
tall  flower-spikes.  W.  M.  [The  latter  plant  is  in 
flower  in  the  open  at  Kew.   Ed.] 

Platanus  orientalis. — In  the  public  park  of 
Buda  Pest,  where  a  national  exhibition  is  now  being 
held,  there  are  two  beautiful  trees  (of  I  should  suppose 
forty  or  fifty  years  old)  of  a  variegated  Platanus 
orientalis.  Can  you  tell  me  where  young  plants  can^ 
be  bought  ?  They  are  most  beautiful.  W.  H.  A/., 
July  \l.  [Write  to  any  leading  nurseryman.  Ed.] 

Lasiandra  macrantha  floribunda  on  the  Back 
Wall  of  a  Vinery. — At  Clowance,  near  Camborne, 
the  home  of  the  Rev.  H.  Molesworth  St.  Aubyn,  on 
the  back  wall  of  the  succession  vinery  is  an  excep- 
Jional  specimen  of  the  Lasiandra  macrantha  flori- 
bunda. All  its  growths  are  tied  in,  and  the  space 
covered  is  about  16  feet  by  9  feet.  The  floriferous 
character  of  this  beautiful  plant  when  properly  ci^lti- 
vated  is  not  generally  known  among  gardeners,  and 
the  plant  under  notice  is  no  exception,  there  being  at 
the  time  of  my  visit  abundance  of  its  flowers  on  the 
point  of  bursting  ;  in  fact,  every  shoot  is  set  with 
bloom-buds.  Mr.  Foot,  the  gardener  there,  has 
experienced  no  difficulty  whatever  with  this  plant 
when  grown  in  a  vinery,  and  it  does  not,  he  says, 
interfere  with  the  well-being  of  the  Grapes.  It  sup- 
plies plenty  of  its  lovely  blooms  from  July  until  far 
into  the  winter,  and  they  are  much  appreciated, 
IV.  Napper. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL:    July  14. 

This  last  meeting  was  the  occasion  of  a  very  in- 
teresting display  of  fruit,  flowers,  and  vegetables.  The 
tables  were,  however,  not  so  loaded  with  the  produc- 
tions of  the  garden  as  will  be  the  case  when  autumn 
arrives  with  its  abundance  of  mature  fruits,  roots,  and 
other  products  of  the  kitchen  garden,  orchard,  and 
forcing-house. 

Plants  for  competition,  because  of  the  restriction 
imposed  as  to  size  of  pots,  were  small,  and  it  must  be 
said,  wanting  in  novelty ;  but  the  collections  of 
hardy  plants  from  well  known  growers,  were  of  a  varied 
and  charming  description,  especially  noticeable  being 
Lilies  and  Calochortus. 

Scientific  Committee, 
A.  Grote,  Esq.,  in  the  chair. 

Fungoid  Diseases  in  Fruit  Trees. 
A  communication  was  received,  through  Sir  J.  D. 
Hooker,  from  Mr.  T.  Kirk,  Wellington,  New  Zealand, 
asking  for  advice  as  to  remedial  measures.  In  some 
districts  the  fruit  trees  are  being  destroyed  by  the  my- 
celium of  a  ground  fungus — a  small  Puftball— though 
the  author  suspects  that  several  Agarics  affect  them. 
When  the  ravages  are  most  serious  the  reproductive 
state  is  but  rarely  developed.  It  first  appears  as  a 
circular  patch,  in  which  all  vegetation  (as  in  fruit 
trees.  Oaks,  Walnuts,  grass.  Sorrel,  Strawberries, 
&c.)  is  more  or  less  "  blighted,"  the  plants  exhibiting 
a  withered  appearance,  the  leaves  becoming  slightly 
curled,  droop  and  fall  long  before  their  time,  and  the 
plant  dies.  The  roots  are  more  or  less  covered  with 
mycelium.  The  effects  extend  in  a  most  singular 
fashion,  travelling  half-way  across  a  garden  or 
orchard  from  one  side  only,  at  others  extending 
in  all  directions.  It  is  most  fatal  to  fruit 
trees.  It  is  almost  exclusively  confined  to  light 
soils,  on  which  Fern  (Pteris  aquilina)  has  grown. 
Damp  or  dry  soils  have  no  attractions  for 
it.  It  occurs  abundantly  in  the  decaying  rhizomes 
of  the  Fern,  transferring  its  attentions  to  fruit  trees 
whenever  the  opportunity  is  afforded.  The  first  parts 
on  which  the  affection  shows  itself  is  the  juncture  of 
root  and  stem.     The  bark  becomes  absolutely  rotten 


86 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  iJ 


when  permeated  by  the  mycelium,  and  emits  a 
nauseous  odour.  Plum  trees  usually  show  but  lillle 
mycelium  as  compared  with  Apples,  but  the  trunk  is 
more  obviously  affected,  and  exudes  gum  (reely. 
Experiments  are  heing  carried  out  in  the  followine 
directions  :-(i)  Soaking  the  soil  wilh  tar-water  and 
dressing  ihe  affected  parts  with  the  same  ;  (2)  dress- 
ing the  soil  with  soot  ;  (3)  with  sulphur  ;  (4)  with 
mild  brine  washes,  both  for  trees  and  soil.  So  far  the 
tar-water  seemed  the  most  effective,  but  the  author 
was  inclined  to  think  that  sulphur  will  have  the  most 
permanent  effect. 

Peach  Blight. 

The  author  adds,  that  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
the  Peach  is  dying  wholesale,  but  the  cause  is  m.ost 
obscure.  The  trees  appear  to  flower  with  their 
accustomed  luxuriance,  and  ihe  fruit  to  set  as  usual. 
If  a  sudden  change  of  temperature,  or  a  severe  froit 
has  been  experienced  during  the  dowering  lime,  the 
fruit  does  not  swell,  the  leaves  make  their  appearance 
readily  and  fall  quickly—minute  orange  coloured 
blotches  are  seen  on  the  twigs.  These  become  con- 
fluent and  black,  and  then  the  buds  decay.  At  this  stage 
the  plant  may  die,  or  if  the  season  prove  favourable,  a 
weak  autumn  growth  may  be  made,  and  new  leaves 
developed,  tassel-hke,  at  the  tips  of  the  branches  ; 
but  a  renewed  attack  the  following  spring  proves 
fatal,  and  the  plant  dies.  Plants  one  year  from  the 
seed  are  attacked  as  readily  as  the  oldest.  Occasion- 
ally a  tree  partially  sheltered  has  suffered  less  than  its 
neighbour  or  has  escaped  entirely  ;  while  two  kinds 
appear  to  resist  the  disease  more  than  others,  viz  , 
Cornet  and  Salway,  but  they  are  certainly  not  blight- 
proof  by  any  means. 

In  the  absence  of  material  the  members  of  the 
Scientific  Committee  did  not  feel  competent  to  pass 
aa  opinion  on  the  subject, 

POITIES,     VAKS. 

Mr.  Sraee  exhibited  seedling  Poppies  of  P.  Ivhreas 
with  wedge-shaped  black  patches  and  while  botdcis 
at  the  base  ;  they  had  originated  from  the  common 
form. 

Amorphophallus  (Hydrosme). 

Mr.  Ridley  exhibited  a  seedling  he  had  raised  from 
a  fruit  from  Gambia,  West  Africa. 

PlCEA  POLITA. 

Dr.  Masters  exhibited  a  Fpray  of  this  Japanese 
Conifer  with  cones,  received  from  Mr.  Veilch. 

Elms  Diseased. 
Dr.  Masters  mentioned  the  fact  of  an  avenue  of 
Elms  filteen  years  old,  in  Guernsey,  of  which  some 
thirty  or  forty  trees  were  rapidly  dying  wifhout  ade- 
quate cause  being  apparent.  Diseaied  branches  were 
referred  to  Mr.  Murray  for  examination  and  report. 

Plants  Exhikited. 
Mr.  Lynch  brought  from  the  Botanic  Garden, 
Cambridge,  a  fine  flowering  spike  of  Vucca  angusti- 
folia;  the  anthers  appeared  to  he  aboiiive,  ard  it 
never  set  seed.  A  spray  of  Pelargonium  Endlicheri- 
anum,  from  Australia  ;  Jasminum  angulare  var. 
glabralum,  a  plant  new  to  culiivaiion,  from  the  Cape ; 
Nclumbium  luteum,  from  North  America.  Dr. 
Masters  exhibited  from  Mr,  Ware  an  umbel  of  Eury- 
angium  (Ferula)  Sumbul,  remarkable  for  the  acrid 
and  musk-scented  juice. 

Clover,  ViREbCENT. 
Mr.  Houston  exhituted  specimens  of  a  not  uncom- 
mon form,  in  which  the  ovules  were  pariicularly  well 
developed  in  the  form  of  leaves. 

POTENTILLA  REFTANS  WITH  UNI-  TO  SEPIEM- 

foliate  Leaves. 

The  Rev.  G.  Ilenslow  exhibited  specimens  of 
Cinquefoil,  showing  transitional  stales  from  one-foliate 
leaves,  through  teinale  and  quinque-foliate  to  seven- 
foliate  forms. 

Ox-EVE  Daisy. 

Mr.  Smith  sent  specimens  in  which  the  ray-florets 
were  tubular,  like  those  of  Centaurea,  and  not  ligulate, 
as  usual. 

Pheasants  Poisoned  v.\  Fungi. 

The  following  communications  were  received  from 
Mr.  W.  G.  Smiih:— *'A  week  or  two  ago  Mr. 
Henry  Mills,  of  The  Gardens,  Eny?,  Penryn,  Ct.rn- 
wall,  5ent  me  an  example  of  a  fungus  which  had 
poisoned  pheasants  :  the  gamekeeper  had  cut  open 
the  pheasants'  crop?,  and  found  pieces  of  the  fungi  in 
them.  The  buds  swell,  and  are  soon  dead.  On 
asking  Mr,  Mills  to  secure  other  specimens  of  the 
fungi  he  could  not  find  them,  but,  strange  to  say,  the 
pheasants,  with  superior  eyes  for  such  things,  found 
them  easily,  for  other  birds  died,  and  pieces  were 
again  found  in  their  crops.  It  is  remarkable  that 
sheep  and  lambs  have  died  suddenly  in  the  same 
field,  as  well  as  in  an  adjoining  field.  Whether  the 
sheep  have  died  from  the  effects  uf  the  fungi  is  un- 
certain, but  sheep  will,  no  douV»t,  sometimes  eat 
fungi.  I  have  seen  sheep  eat  Mushooms.  I  hope  to 
be   able    to    name    the    species    of    Agaricus   [and 


Champignons.  Eij  ]  with  certainty  at  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Scientific  Committee,  as  I  have 
just  received  fresh  and  better  material.  I  am, 
however,  able  to  point  out  the  series  to  which  it 
belongs.  It  is  one  of  the  Hypoihodii,  or  pink-spored 
Agarics,  a  series  limited  in  Britain  to  a  comparatively 
small  number  of  species.  The  Agaric  is  a  small  one, 
about  I  inch  in  diameter,  with  characteristic  nodular 
spores.  It  is  probable  an  Entoloma,  close  to  A, 
placenta.  A.  helodes,  and  A.  repandus.  A  close 
ally  of  these,  viz.,  A.  sinuatus,  once  put  me  to  con- 
siderable inconvenience  and  annoyance." 

Resting-spokes  of  Peronospora  pygm.^a. 

*' A  correspondent,  Mr.  George  Brebner,  of 
Aberdeen,  has  sent  rae  a  large  supply  of  the  oospores 
of  this  Perono?pora  delected  by  him  in  leaves  of 
Anemone  nemorosa.  He  has  also  forwarded  a  draw- 
ing and  a  microscopic  slide  showing  the  oospores 
in  sitit.  In  the  slide  the  oospores  can  be  dis- 
tinctly seen  attached  to  the  same  mycelial  threads 
as  the  conidiophores.  Mr.  Brebner  states  that  Pro- 
fessor Trail  has  recently  lighted  on  the  oospores  of 
Peronospora  arborescens  in  the  leaves  of  Papaver 
Argemone.  It  is  a  misiake  to  suppose  that  oospores 
of  Peronospora  are  rare  ;  they  are  easily  found  by 
competent  observers;  and  when  seen  on  the  same 
threads  as  the  conidiophores — as  by  myself  in  Perono- 
spora infestans.  and  by  Mr.  Brebner  in  P.  pygmcea — 
no  unprejudiced  person  can  doubt  their  true  nature." 


Floral  Committee. 

Present:  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq,  in  the  chair; 
and  Messrs.  Ilensfow,  B.iines,  Eennelt.  Bealhy, 
Wilks,  Kinghorne,  J.  James,  Ilerbst,  G.  F.  Wilson. 
Duffield,  Noble.  J.  Eraser,  Dominy,  Pollett.  [. 
O'Biien,  Hill,  Llewellyn,  Douglas.  Hudson,  Walker. 

Competitive  Groups  (Open). 

For  the  best  nine  distinct  Dracaenas. —ist,  Mr.  J.  Hud- 
son, gr.  to  H.  1.  Atkinson,  Esq,,  M.P..  Gunnersbury 
House,  with  plantsslockyandwellfoliaged  ;  the  green  and 
white  Regina  Leopoldi.  bronze  and  crimson  Amabilis 
Baptisti  Mooreana,  a  better  plant  and  showier  than 
some  others  ;  Guilfoylei  being  the  best  of  them  ;  2d,  Mr. 
H.  lames,  Lower  Norwood  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  Luff.  gr.  to  R. 
R.  Hyatt,  Esq..  Leighara  Court  Road,  Streatham. 

In  the  competition  for  nine  distinct  Crolons  Mr.  Hud- 
son took  the  ist  prize,  with  C.  aneitumensis,  light  yellow 
and  green,  a  distinct  variety  ;  Disraeli,  Andreanum,  <S:c.  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Luff,  in  whose  group  was  the  singular-looking 
Hankeri,  with  foliage  half  yellow,  half  green. 

A  few  Nepenthes  and  Sarraccnias  were  shown  by  Mr. 
H.  James  and  Mr.  Lutf,  who  were  awarded  respectively 
1st  and  2d  prizes  in  the  order  of  their  names. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  fine-follaged  plants,  Mr.  H. 
James  took  the  ist  and  only  prize  awarded,  his  speci- 
mens consisting  of  well-known  species  and  varieties. 
We  noticed  f'andanus  utJIis,  Dictfenbachia  Jennianni, 
Maranla  Veitchii,  Areca  rubra,  and  Cocos  Weddelliana. 

Mr.  Hudson  took  ist  prize  in  the  amateurs'  class  for 
nine  distinct  finc-foliaged  plants — in  the  collection  there 
being  several  small  well  furnished  Palms,  a  good  plant  of 
Asparagus  plumosus  and  Croton  Warner),  a  distinct  and 
singular  variety  with  twisted  pendulous  leaves  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Luff,  whose  lot  contained  three  varieties  of  Asparagus  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger 
Hill,  Ealing, 

Coleus.  six  distinct,  were  shown  by  Mr.  C.  Waite,  gr. 
to  Colonel  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  ist  ;  Afr.  Luff  2d  ; 
Sunset  and  BuiterRy  in  the  lot  shown  by  Mr.  Waite 
being  the  prettiest  varieties. 

Adiantums,  six  distinct,  were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Chad- 
wick,  ist,  and  Mr.  Luff  2d,  The  plants  were  in  either 
instance  nicely  grown,  small  furnishing  material,  con- 
sisting of  such  varieties  as  decorum,  gracilHmuin,  con- 
cinnum  latum,  pentadactylon,  lenerum,  &c. 

Mr.  Ware,  Tottenham,  showed  twelve  cut  spikes  of 
Plilox,  and  obtained  the  ist  prize.  Tfiere  were  some 
bright  and  distinct  colours  amongst  them,  viz..  Colonel 
Flatter,  purplish-ro^e  ;  Madame  Marie  Benson,  crimson  ; 
Kinnaird,  a  soft  rose  and  while  ;  Miss  Robertson,  a  very 
fine  white  ;  and  Madame  de  Siiiel,  pink  with  crimson  eye. 
Mr.  War  took  also  ist  prize  for  six  Liliums.  cut  spikes, 
the  species  comprising  Humboldti,  a  splendid  yellow 
with  crimson  spots  ;  Martagon  dalmalicum,  canadense 
rubrum,  small  orange-coloured  species  with  crimson 
spots,  flowers  pendulous  ;  Browni,  Parryi,  and  testa- 
ceum.  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  Cheshunt,  were  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  Quarterman,  gr.  to  A.  S.  Smith.  Esq.,  Silvermere, 
Cobham,  3d.  Mr.  Bateman,  Twisden  Road,  N.,  took 
the  prize  in  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son's  Special  Class  for  the 
best  collection  of  Roses  raised  at  their  nursery. 

Hardy  Herbaceous  Perennials. 

Mr.  Ware  staged  an  immense  quantity  of  these,  occu- 
pying a  table  nearly  half  the  length  of  the  conservatory. 
The  genus  Lilium  was  in  great  numbers,  and  the  spikes, 
being  cut  and  put  up  in  profusion,  gave  a  fine  idea  of 
their  decorative  value  in  masses  or  clumps.  Brownii, 
longiflorum,  Sieboldi.  candidum  speciosum,  vars.  of 
pardalinum,  the  soft  yellow  pallidifiorum,  philippense, 
Humboldti  and  rubescens  were  amongst  the  more 
striking  kinds  ;  Iris  Kcempferi,  Alstrumerias,  Veronicas, 
Pentstemons,  Hemerocallis,  Funkias,  and  Papaver  nudi- 
caule.  Messrs.  Paul  ^;  Son  took  2d  prize  for  herbaceous 
perennials  ;  and  Mr.  E.  Morse,  Nurseries.  Epsom  the  3d. 

Mr.  J.  Hill,  gr.  to  G.  Hardy,  Esq.,  Pickering  Lodge, 
Timperley,   Cheshire,  grouped  a  splendid  lot  of  Odon- 


loglossum  ve.xillarium,  consisting  of  between  sixty  and 
seventy  specimens,  eight  of  them  being  in  15-inch  pots  ; 
all  of  them,  large  and  small,  profusely  bloo.iied,  and 
comprised  flowers  of  several  shades  of  colour,  from 
faintly  shaded  white  to  deep  rose,  the  size  of  flower 
corresponding  to  their  high  state  of  cultivation.  The 
trifling  recognition  of  a  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded  them. 

A  pretty  collection  of  cut  blooms  of  mixed  Roses  came 
from  Messrs.  Veilch  &  Sons.  Chelsea,  consisting  of  well 
approved  kinds.  A  box  of  twenty-four  blooms  of  La 
France  was  greatly  admired.  A  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Messrs.  Lee  &  Son  had  a  similar  award  for  a  group  of 
shrubs  and  Roses  suitably  placed  on  the  terrace  in  the 
conservatory. 

Messrs.  Kelway  received  a  Bronze  Medal  for  hardy 
flowers  in  a  cut  state,  such  as  Gaillardias,  Tea  Roses, 
Delpliiniums,  also  for  some  Petunias,  &c. 

Certificated  Pl.\nts. 

Mr.  Hill,  Tring  Park,  showed  some  spikes  of  the 
striking  Renanthera  cocclnea  (Storeyi),  the  flowers  of 
which  are  brilliant  scarlet,  the  upper  limbs  being  barred 
with  ytllow  faintly ;  the  spike,  as  in  Renantheras 
generally,  being  of  considerable  length. 

R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  showed  a  variety  of  Odonto- 
glossum  vexillarium,  named  Measuresii,  having  bloom 
of  a  pure  white,  and  crest  bright  yellow— a  pretty 
variation  from  the  type. 

Mr.  R.  Owen,  Floral  Nursery,  Maidenhead,  brought 
a  new  Begonia,  named  General  Gordon,  cherry-red  in 
colour,  semi-globular  in  form,  and  double  petalled. 

Mr.  W.  Bealby.  The  Laurels,  Roehamplon,  had  a 
white  zonal  Pelargonium,  Blanc  Parfait,  pure  white, 
nicely  formed,  regular  pip,  and  possessing  a  few  extra 
petals,  inferior  in  size  to  the  normal  ones. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  showed  a  Privet,  Ligustrum 
sinense  var.  floribundum,  a  plant  nearly  6  feet  high, 
literally  smothered  with  its  white  flowers.  They  also 
showed  the  spotted  Rose,  Pride  of  Reigate,  and  Rose 
Madame  Norman  Neruda. 

Messrs.  Henderson  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Maida  Vale, 
exhibited  Alocasia  Hendersoni,  a  plant  with  sagittate 
leaves,  of  dark  metallic  hue. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  Colchester, 
showed  some  fine  handsome  varieties  of  Calochortus, 
now  at  their  best  ;  also  Lilium  aurantiacum  verum,  of  a 
pure  orange  colour  ;  and  L.  elegans  "  Benny." 

From  %.\x.  Turner,  the  Slough  Nurseries,  came  a 
useful-looking  white  Carnation,  Rose  Molyneux,  a  fairly 
good  flower. 

Messrs.  Carter  iSc  Co.,  Holborn,  London,  showed 
Sweet  Peas  in  many  separate  sh.ades  of  colour,  and  a 
new  Silene  pendula  compacta,  much  more  compact  and 
sturdy  than  the  old  S.  pendula  which  was  shown  along- 
side (or  the  purpose  of  comparison.  Rhodanthe  Man- 
glesii  alba  shown  by  this  firm  is  a  useful  variety. 

Messrs.  Henderson  &  Son  showed  Hcemanthus 
Katherinoe  with  a  corymb  of  cerise  blossom,  and  a  col- 
lection of  Caladiums  in  small  pots. 

Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ealing,  showed  New  Giant  Ten-week 
Stock  grown  from  seed  sown  in  April.  The  spikes  were 
large  and  stout,  at  the  same  time  compact.  He  showed 
likewise  Mauve  Beauty  and  Bedfoni  Crimson  Stocks — 
good  strains. 

Mr.  King,  Rousham,  Aylesbury,  brought  Coleus 
Pride  of  the  Market,  a  prettily  marked,  compact  growing 
kind. 

Le  Comte  de  Germiny,  Rouen,  sent  Cattleya  Warsce- 
wiczii  Sanderiana,  a  spike  of  seven  very  big  flowers  of 
bright  purple. 

Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Albans,  had  a  new 
Saccolabium  as  yet  unnamed,  the  flowers  pure  white, 
all  but  the  lip,  which  is  pale  lilac,  the  flower-spike 
on  the  weak  plant  seen  not  being  more  than 
4  inches  long.  Mr.  Salter,  Selborne,  Streatham, 
sent  blooms  of  Sobralia  macrantha  splendens,  a  trifle 
deeper  in  colour  than  S.  macrantha.  A  nice  white  Pelar- 
gonium of  the  '•  Regal  "  section,  of  good  substance  and 
form,  came  from  Mr.  T.  Bunyard,  nurseryman,  Ashford, 
Kent.  From  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  came  Lycaste 
Deppei  viridis.  Odontoglossum  cristatellum,  the  latter 
with  small  dark  brown  flowers,  more  curious  than  orna- 
mental, on  stout  spikes  of  ij  foot  high  ;  Anguloa  Mea- 
suresii, of  cream  suffused  with  rose  externally,  and 
densely  spotted  with  minute  crimson  interiorly.  Messrs. 
Veitch  &  Sons  showed  their  fine  Andromeda  speciosa 
var,  cassinefolia,  the  short  shoots  densely  covered  with 
large  white  bell-shaped  blossoms  ;  Clematis  coLcinea  and 
C.  flammula  rubra  marginata.  From  G.  N.  Wyatt,  Esq., 
Lake  House,  Cheltenham,  was  sent  Vanda  Denisoniana 
hebraica.  a  singular  looking  dirty  white  blossom  with  a 
green  lip  ;  and  Brassia  Lyalli,  a  flower  with  green  sepals 
and  petals,  the  lip  b°ing  yellow,  spotted  with  dark 
brown.  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  showed  the  same  species  of 
Orchid-  Messrs.  Heath  &  Son,  Cheltenham,  showed 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium  giganteum,  bright  and  large 
as  the  name  denotes  ;  the  centre  being  white.  From 
W.  Cobb,  Esq.,  Silverdale  Lodge,  Sydenham,  came 
Odontoglossum  Cobbianum,  having  the  upper  petals  of  a 
pink  colour,  whilst  the  under  ones  are  white,  Mr. 
Munro,  from  far  away  Dingwall,  sent  seedlings  of  Pan- 
sies  of  excellent  quaUty  ;  the  margined  blooms  being  very 
fine. 

First-class  Certificates. 

To  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  for  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium Measuresii. 

To  Messrs.  Henderson  &  Son,  for  Alocasia  Hender- 
soni. 

To  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  for  Rose  Pride  of  Reigate  and 
Rose  Madame  Norman  Neruda. 


July  i8.  1885] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


87 


To  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  for  Lygustrum  sinensc  flor 
bunduni. 

To  Mr.  R.  Owen,  for  Begonia  General  Gordon. 
To  ihe  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Co.,  for  Lilium  Parryi. 
To  Mr.  E.  Hill,  for  Renanlliera  coccinea. 
To  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  for  Pelargonium  Blanc  Parfait. 
To  Mr.  T.  F.  Rivers,  for  Nectarine  Gordoni. 


Fruit  Committee. 


Present:  J.  D.  Godman,  Esq.,  io  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  Harriion  Weir,  T.  F.  Rivers,  Lyon,  G.  Paul, 
H.  Veitch,  Ross,  J.  Lee.  Rutland,  Blackmore,  Ford, 
Willard,  G-  Bunyard,  Hayward,  Burnett,  W.  Paul, 
Roberts,  Woodbridge. 

Fkuit. 

The  most  prominent  section  under  this  heading  was 
found  in  the  GRAPES,  which  were  generally  admirably 
shown,  the  class  for  three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburghs 
bringing  not  fewer  than  eleven  exhibits,  and  nearly  all  first- 
class.  The  best  were  staged  by  Mr.  Taverner,  gr.  to  Sir 
A.  K.  Macdonald.  Liphook.  whose  bunches,  though  of 
medium  size,  and  fairly  solid,  had  very  fine  berries,  rich 
in  colour,  and  highly  finished  ;  Mr.  ).  Loudon,  gr.  to 
Thomas  Barnes,  Esq.,  The  Quinta,  Chirk,  had  larger 
and  tapering  bunches,  the  berries  smaller,  but  well 
coloured  ;  and  Mr.  D.  Roberts,  Prestwood.  Essex,  came 
3d,  with  good  clusters,  the  berries  black  as  Sloes,  but 
somewhat  too  glossy.  With  three  bunches  of  any  other 
black  kind  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  the  Messrs.  De  Rothschild, 
Gunnersbury  Park,  was  a  good  ist,  with  Madresfield 
Court  ;  his  bunches,  though  somewhat  clustered,  were 
grandly  berried — indeed,  about  as  finely  so  as  could  be — 
and  richly  coloured.  Mr.  W.  Allan,  gr.  to  Lord  Suffield. 
Gunton  Park,  had  same  kind,  smaller,  but  more  tapering 
'bunches,  berries  good,  but  wanting  more  colour;  and 
Mr.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord  Carrington,  Wycombe  Abbey, 
came  next  with  fine  examples  of  Gros  Maroc,  only 
wanting  also  a  little  more  colour  to  make  them  perftct. 
There  were  seven  lots  in  thisclass,  and  in  that  for  Muscat 
of  Alexandria  less  competiiion,  only  five  sets  of  bunches 
being  staged.  The  best  three,  targe,  solid,  although 
fairly  sweet  yet  almost  green,  came  from  Mr.  A.  Smith, 
gr.  to  W^  H.  Sewell,  Esq.,  Loughton,  Essex  ;  Mr.  Lou- 
don was  2d,  with  smaller  but  better  coloured  bunches, 
and  Mr.  Cakebread.  gr.  to  Sir  P.  F.  Rose,  Bart.,  Penn. 
Bucks,  who  was  3d,  had  moderate  bunches.  The  class 
was  not  a  satistactory  one. 

Pines  madeagood  show,  not  less  than  seventeen  couple 
beingstaged  in  one  class  for  any  one  variety.  Mr.  Loudon 
had  some  clean  handsome  Queens  ;  Mr,  Mundell,  Moor 
Park  Gardens,  toUowedwidi  good  samples  of  same  variety  ; 
and  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J.  Atkinson.  Esq.,  M.P., 
Gunnersbury  House,  was  3d,  with  Queens  also.  Some 
fine  fruits  of  the  Smooth  Cayenne  were  shown  in  the 
class,  but  wanting  colour.  There  were  nine  fruits  staged 
in  the  single  specimen  class,  the  best,  a  handsome 
clean  Moscow  Queen,  coming  from  Mr.  D.  Roberts — 
Mr.  R.  Nicholas,  of  Castle  Hill  Gardens,  South 
Moulton,  following  with  a  large  and  well  coloured 
Smooth  Cayenne  ;  and  Mr.  Loudon  was  3d,  with  a  very 
good  Queen. 

Peacuks  were  represented  by  eleven  dishes,  the  finest 
Barringlon,  a  large,  though  not  highly-coloured,  sample, 
being  staged  by  Mr.  R.  Farrance,  Chadwell  Heath, 
Essex,  Mr.  Coombes,  Sheen  House,  Surrey,  came  next, 
with  good  but  pale  Grosse  Mignonne  ;  and  Mr.  ].  Bash- 
ford,  gr.  to  G.  Scarlett,  Esq.,  East  Sutton,  was  3d  with 
well  coloured  Crimson  Galande.  Violette  Hative  and 
Bellegarde  were  very  well  represented. 

Nect.\kines  were  in  great  iorce,  no  fewer  than  sixteen 
dishes  being  staged.  Of  these  the  finest  were  Stanwick, 
rich  in  colour,  irom  Mr.  Bashford  ;  Lord  Napier,  fairly 
good,  from  Mr.  Wallis,  Keele  Hall  Gardens  ;  and 
Violette  Hative  from  Mr.  Allan.  Scarcely  any  other 
kinds  than  those  named  were  shown. 

Figs. — With  4hese  fruits  Mr.  W.  Wildsmith,  gr.  to 
Viscount  Evcrsley,  Heckfield  Place,  was  an  easy  ist,  his 
samples  of  Brown  Turkey  being  specially  good  and 
bright.  With  the  same  kind  Mr.  Tavener  was  ad  ;  and 
Mr.  W.  Iggulden.  Maston  House  Gardens,  3d. 

Melons  were  pretty  good,  ten  pairs  being  staged. 
The  best  and  a  superbly  flavoured  kind,  fiesh  soft, 
melting,  and  luscious,  was  found  in  Longleat  Perfection, 
a  product  from  Eastnor  Castle.  Hybrid  Cashmere, 
staged  by  Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bath,  Long- 
leat, ist.  This  variety,  which  has  white  llesh  and  a  smooth 
skin,  received  a  First-class  Certificate  from  the  Fruit 
Committee  last  week  at  Chiswick.  Mr.  P,  Goddard 
and  Mr.  Wildsmith  came  2d  and  3d.  with  Hero  of 
Lockinge. 

Strawberries  were  for  the  season  very  good,  though 
samples  were  in  some  cases  irregular  in  form.  The  best 
brace  of  dishes,  of  which  eleven  lois  were  staged,  came 
from  Mr.  D.  Roberts,  who  had  good  Presidents  and 
fair  British  Queens.  Mr.  Allan  followed  with  finely 
coloured  Crimson  Queen  and  fine  James  Veitch  ;  Mr. 
J.  Smith,  Romford,  coming  3d.  with  Dr.  Hogg,  rather 
pale,  and  fair  British  Queen.  In  the  single  dish  class 
Sir  Joseph  Paxton  won  ist  place  for  Mr,  T.  Edington, 
Woodthorpe  Grange  Gardens.  Nolls  ;  Mr.  J.  Waite,  gr. 
to  Hon.  Colonel  Talbot,  Esher,  having  good  British 
Queen  ;  and  Mr.  Allan  was  3d,  with  Ur,  Hogg,  out  of 
thirteen  lots. 

Cherries  were  good,  the  samples  especially  which 
came  from  Mr.  Hudson  being  fine  and  richly  coloured  ; 
these  were  Black  Circassian  and  Bigarreau  Napoleon. 
Mr.  Ward,  gr.  to  Earl  Radnor,  Longford  Casile.  was 
2d,  with  M;iy  Duke  and  Cleveland  Bigarreau  ;  and  Mr. 
Goodacre,  Elvaslon  Castle,  3d,  with  Governor  Wood 
and  Frogmore  Early.  We  cannot  quit  the  fruit  without 
referring  here  to  the  truly  grand  lot  of  Cherries,  some 
twenty  dishes,  sent  by  Mr.  T.  Rivers,  of  the  Sawbridge- 


worth  Nurseries,  from  pot  plants  grown  under  glass, 
the  samples  in  most  cases  being  marvellous.  Rivers' 
Early,  Black  Bigarreau,  Bedford  Prolific,  Bigarreau  de 
Schrenken,  and  Noir  de  Guben,  wtre  of  ihe  finest  blacks  ; 
and  of  whites.  Bigarreau  Napoleon,  Bigarreau  Gros 
Cocuret,  Bigarreau  Monstreuse  de  Mexel,  and  Emperor 
Fran9)is,  were  superb.  Mr.  Rivers  also  staged  twelve 
sample  dishes  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  having  espe- 
cially fine  of  the  former,  the  •A.merican  Conkling,  large, 
handsome  and  brilliantly  coloured  ;  Dr.  Hogg,  and  deep- 
coloured  Spenser  Pine-appIe,  with  handsome  Goldoni 
Nectarines  ;  and  was  awarded  a  Silver-gilt  Medal  for 
the  collection, 

Messrs.  Webber's  Peach  Packing  Prizes. 
In  competiiion  for  the  handsome  prizes  offered  by 
Messrs.  Webber  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  for  the  best 
packed  box  of  twenty-four  Peaches,  eight,  were  sent  by 
rail  and  delivered  as  parcels.  Of  lliese  when  opened, 
three  were  packed  with  moss,  one  with  bran,  and  four 
with  wadding.  The  moss  proved  to  be  the  best  material, 
as,  dry,  clean,  and  well  picked,  it  is  soft,  cool,  and  elastic; 
whilstof  the  wadding  packed  fruit,  nearly  all  ripe,  were  more 
or  less  bruised,  and  the  wadding  becomes  damp  and 
less  elastic.  Mr.  J.  Turton,  gr.  to  John  Hargreaves. 
Esq..  Nfaiden  Erieigh.  Reading,  and  who  was  ist  last 
year,  again  won  with  his  admiiable  packing  in  soft  moss 
each  fruit  being  enclosed  in  soft  tissue  paper.  Mr.  T, 
Hare,  The  Gardens,  Wellingore.  Grantham,  was  2d 
with  similarly  packed  fruit ;  and  Mr.  Waterman  3d,  also 
using  moss. 

Vegetables. 

The  class  for  eight  kinds  of  these  brought  a  strong 
display  in  not  less  than  fourteen  lots  staged.  Very  close 
indeed  were  the  best  collections—Mr.  G.  H.  Richards, 
gr,  to  the  Earl  of  Normanton,  Somerley  Park,  coming 
a  good  ist  ;  and,  as  a  young  exhibitor,  meriting  very 
high  praise,  in  this  beating  old  and  experienced  exhi- 
bitors. His  collection  comprised  good  solid  London 
Cauliflowers,  White  Elephant  Onions  of  great  size, 
Saunders'  Marrow  Peas,  like  to  Telegraph  ;  Sutton's 
Improved  Intermediate  Carrots,  long,  tapering,  and 
very  handsome  ;  Carter's  Perfection  Tomatos,  Canadian 
Wonder  Beans,  Globe  Artichokes,  and  pretty  Lapstone 
Potatos.  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  was  within  a  point  or  two  of 
Mr.  Richards,  but  his  London  Cauliflowers  were  a  trifle 
too  large.  He  also  had  white  Onions,  only  here  called 
Naples  ;  Culverwell's  Giant  Marrow  Peas,  fine  Stam- 
fordian  Tomatos,  Snowdrop  Potatos,  &c.  Mr,  Haines, 
Coleshill  Castle  Gardens,  came  3d  wiih  good  exhibits, 
including  Duke  of  Albany  Peas  ;  Pen-y-byd  round 
Marrows,  small  and  pretty  ;  fine  Trophy  Tomatos,  and 
Woodstock  Kidney  Potatos  ;  Mr.  T.  A,  Beckettt, 
Penn,  Bucks,  and  ^Ir.  Waite,  both  received  extra  prizes 
for  their  capital  collections,  the  latter  having  in  Snow- 
drop, white  kidney,  the  best  dish  of  Potatos  in  the  show, 

Tomatos  were  good,  the  best  coming  from  Mr. 
Farrance, Jwho  had  large  Trophy,  well  coloured  ;  Mr. 
Thompson,  gr.  to  Messrs.  W.  &  E.  Wells,  Hounslow, 
coming  next  with  same  variety  ;  and  Mr.  Philips,  The 
Deodars,  Meopham,  was  3d.  with  very  handsome  Carter's 
Perfection. 

A  dozen  brace  of  Cucumheks  were  staged,  but  none 
specially  good.  Mr.  Goodacre,  who  had  the  best  in  Tele- 
graph and  Purley  Park  Hero,  was  ist  ;  and  Mr.  Ward 
and  Mr,  Richards,  ad  and  3d. 

Special  Prizes  tor  Peas  were  offered  by  Messrs, 
Webb  &  Sons.  Wordsley.  for  their  Wordsley  Wonder,  a 
scimetar-shaptd  kind,  the  best  samples  all  coming  from 
Boston— Mr.  H.  Marriott,  Mr.  Cooke,  and  Mr.  H. 
Marriott,  jun.,  taking  the  prizes,  and,  curiously  enough, 
coming  in  the  same  order  in  the  class  for  a  dish  of 
House's  Perfect  Marrow,  much  like  British  Queen,  the 
prizes  being  given  by  Mr.  J.  House,  Peterborough. 
There  was  very  good  competiiion  in  both  classes.  Mr. 
T.  Laxton,  Girtford,  showed  several  new  Peas,  mostly 
very  fine  indeed,  including  Evolution  and  Walton  Hero. 
Messrs,  Jas,  Carter  &  Co. ,  seedsmen.  High  Holborn,  put 
up  sixty  dishes  of  Peas,  of  varying  size  and  quality,  their 
own  famous  kinds  coming  out  finest,  and  secured  a 
Silver  Medal  for  the  collection.  Some  smaller  collec- 
lions  of  Peas  came  from  Mr.  J.  C.  Mundell  and  Mr. 
Waterman  ;  and  a  large  collection  of  Lettuces  from  Mr. 
Beckett,  to  all  of  whom  Votes  of  Tlianks  were  awarded  ; 
the  last-named  grower  receiving,  in  addition,  a  Bronze 
Medal.  

Trials  of  Fruit  and  Vegetables  at  Chiswick. 

At  a  meeting  oi  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee 
held  at  Chiswick  on  July  2  (present  :  Mr,  C.  Silverlock, 
in  the  chair  ;  Messrs.  Goldsmith,  Ross,  Burnett,  and 
Rivers)  the  collection  of  Peas  growing  in  the  garden 
was  e-vamined,  and  a  First-class  Certificate  awarded  to 
The  Ameer,  the  result  of  a  cross  between  Laxton's  ,\o.  i 
(wrinkled)  and  Little  Gem  (seedling),  having  the 
appearance  of  a  well  Selected  slock  of  William  I.,  and 
coming  into  use  about  the  same  time. 

Cauliflowers. 

The  collection  of  Cauliflowers  was  next  examined. 
The  following  were  all  considered  selections  ot  the 
Early  Eriurt,  more  or  less  pure,  and  were  highly  com- 
mended, viz..  Dean's  Early  Snowball  (Dean),  Snowball 
(Williams),  Earliest  Erfurt  (Koster,  Rutley),  Haage's 
Dwarf  (Koster,  Anderson),  Erfurt,  very  dwarf  (Benary), 
Erfurt,  dwarf  earliest,  first  quality  (Benary),  Early 
Erfurt  (Carter).  Carter's  Defiance  (Carter),  New  Dwarf 
(Rutley).  Erfurt  (Vilmorin),  Sharpe's  First  Early  (Sharpe 
&Co.) 

Strawberries. 

The  following  seedling  Strawberries  from  Mr.  Laxlon 
were  next  examined,  viz. : — King  of  the  Earlies,  Captain, 


A.  F.  Barron.  Admiral ;  a  First-class  Certificate  being 
awarded  to  the  variety  named  A.  F.  Barron,  stated  to  be 
the  result  of  a  cross  between  Sir  C.  Napier  and  Sir  j. 
Paxton,  an  extraordinary  prohfic  Strawberry,  bright  in 
colour  and  of  fine  quality. 

Some  fiue  examples  of  The  Czir  Plum  and  Early 
Rivers  Cherry  were  exhibited  by  Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &. 
Sons. 

Mr.  C.  Ross,  Welford  Park,  Newbury,  submitted  e.x. 
amples  of  a  new  Grape  raised  from  the  Black  Monukka. 
The  berries  were  large,  ovate,  clear  pile  green.  The 
committee  requested  to  see  it  again  when  more  ripe. 


NATIONAL    ROSE. 


Royal  Botanic  Gardens.  Old  Traki-ord.  Man- 
chester :  Jidy  II.  —  Tlie  exhibition  of  Roses  held 
at  the  above  gardens  on  Saturday  last  must  be  con- 
sidered a  success  in  every  sense  of  the  word.  It  is  not 
often  such  a  display  has  been  spread  out  as  was  the 
case  on  this  occasion  ;  the  blooms,  besides  being  very 
numerous,  were  perfect  in  form  and  very  rich  in  colour. 
The  exhibits  were  staged  in  the  large  exhibition  house, 
and  during  the  time  the  show  was  open  a  stream  ol 
visitors  was  passing  and  examining  the  splendid  stands 
of  ihe  queen  of  flowers.  In  many  classes  the  competi- 
tion was  very  severe  ;  nine,  ten,  and  in  one  case  no  less 
than  fourteen,  entries  were  sent  in.  The  weather  was 
all  that  cjuld  be  desired,  the  company  very  numerous, 
and  the  promoters  doubtless  will  have  found  this  show 
at  least  to  have  been  a  financial  success. 

The  Nursesvmen's  Class. 

For  seventy-two  distinct  blooms. — Paul  &  Sons,  Ches- 
hunt,  were  placed  ist  with  blooms  of  grand  substance, 
form,  and  colour.  In  the  group  we  noticed  Star  of 
Waltham,  Boieldieu,  verybiauiiful  ;  La  France,  Captain 
Christy,  Ulrich  Brunner,  A,  K.  Williams,  very  fine 
blooms  ;  Madame  Gabriel  Lu^zet,  Miidame  Eug6nie 
Verdier,  Horace  Vernet.  Marguerite  de  St,  Amand, 
large  and  full  ;  Mrs.  Baker,  Madame  Lacharme,  Sultan 
of  Zanzibar,  Comtesse  d'Oxford.  Queen  of  Queens,  and 
Zavier  Olibo.  The  2d  prizi  went  to  Cranston's  N'ursery 
and  Seed  Co!,  Hereford,  who  also  had  a  grand  lot  of 
blooms :  3d,  B.  R,  Cant,  Colchester  ;  and  4th.  F.  Cant, 
Colchester. 

For  thirty-six  distinct,  three  trui^ses  of  each. — Here 
Paul  &  Sons  ag^iin  secured  isl  honours,  having  Edouard 
Morren,  Paul  Neron,  Dr.  Andry.  Duke  of  Teck,  Coun- 
tess of  Kosebery,  La  France,  Marie  Baumann,  Duke  of 
Edinburgh,  Niphelos,  Alfred  Colomb,  grand  trusses  of 
Madame  Lacharme.  Souvenir  d'Elise  Varden,  Madame 
Prosper  Langier,  Jean  Ducher.  Senateur  Vaisse,  Mer- 
veille  de  Lyon,  Marshall  F.  Wilder.  Madame  Norman 
Nerudi.  Marechal  Niel,  Pride  of  Waltham,  and  Star  of 
Waltham.  2d,  G.  Prince.  Oxford:  in  this  stand  were 
fine  examples  of  Lady  Mary  FiizwiUiam,  M-idame  Marie 
Finger,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Madame  de  Walleville, 
Princess  of  Wales,  Innocente  Pirola,  Violette  Bouger, 
and  Krancisca  Kruger.  3d.  B.  R.  Cant :  in  this  collec- 
tion Duke  ol  Wellington  and  Hon.  E.  Gifford  were  very 
full  and  fine. 

Eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes  was  awarded  to  G.  Prince, 
who  had  as  a  formidable  opponent  Paul  &  Sons,  who 
secured  2d  honours,  the  3d  prize  falling  to  B.  R.  Cant. 
The  winning  stand  contained  superb  examples  of 
Amazone.  .Souvenir  de  Madame  Pernet,  Mdlle,  Marie 
Amand,  Souvenir d'un  Ami.  Rubens,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Marie  van  Houtte,  Alba  rosea.  Madame  Cusin.  Com- 
tessedeNadaillac,  Anna  Olivier,  Niphetos,  Jean  Ducher, 
Mar(Schal  Niel,  Innocente  Pirola,  and  Souvenir  d'Elise 
Varden. 

For  ihirty-six  distinct  blooms,  eighteen  three  trusses  of 
each,  and  twelve  Noisettes  or  Teas. — John  House, 
Eastgate  N  urseries,  Peterborough ,  was  successful  i  n 
securing  ist  prizes  in  the  two  former  classes  ;  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co.,  Torquay,  being  2d;  whilst  for  the 
twelve  Teas  J.  Matlock,  New  Headington,  Oxford,  was 
placed  2d.  J.  Burrelt  &  Co.,  and  |.  Jefferies  &  Sons, 
Cirencester,  also  competed  in  these  classes. 

The  Amateurs'  Classes. 

For  thirty-six  distinct  blooms  the  Rev.  J.  Pemberton, 
Romford,  was  1st,  with  blooms  of  perfect  form  and  grand 
colour  : — Star  of  Waltham,  La  France,  Exposition  de 
Brie,  Elienne  Levet,  Madame  E,  Verdier,  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington. A.  K.  Williams,  Countess  of  Oxford,  Franfoise 
Michelon,  Madame  Lambard,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Harrison 
Weir,  Madame  Vallombrosa,  Dr.  Andry.  Innocente 
Pirola,  Ulrich  Brunner.  Madame  E.  Verdier.  J.  S.  Mill. 
Horace  Vernet.  Jules  Finger.  Auguste  Rigotard,  Caro- 
line Kusler,  E.  Y,  Teas,  Abel  Carriere,  jean  Ducher. 
and  Pride  of  Waltham  :  2d,  W.J.  Grant,  Esq.,  Hope  End 
Farm.  Leabury  ;  3d.  T.  B.  Hall,  Rock  Ferry  ;  4th,  T, 
W.  Girdlestone.  Esq..  Sunningdale. 

For  twelve  distinct,  three  trusses,  W.  ].  Grant  was 
1st,  T.  B.  Hall  2d.  and  Rev.  J.  Pemberton  3d. 

For  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  single  blooms,  T.  B. 
Hall  was  awarded  ist  prize,  having  splendid  blooms  of 
Madame  Lambard,  Innocente  Pirola.  Madame  Cusin, 
Anna  Olivier,  Jean  Ducher.  Alba  rosea,  Marie  van 
Houtte,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Francesca  Kruger,  Madame 
Willermoz,  Madame  Margottin,  and  Comtesse  Riza  du 
Pare  ;  2d,  Rev.  F.  Page-Roberts,  Scole,  Norfolk.  This 
was  a  very  fine  stand,  and  contained,  besides  Comtesse 
de  Nadaillac,  Caroline  Kuster,  Niphetos,  Devoniensis, 
Marie  van  Houtte,  &c.,  a  grand  bloom  of  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Varden  which  was  awarded  the  Silver  Medal 
as  the  finest  Tea  or  Noisette  in  the  show.  3d,  Rev,  J. 
Pemberton. 

Twenty-four  distinct  single  blooms,  ist,  Rev.  L,  Gar- 
nett,  Christleton,  Cheshire  ;  2d,  A,  Tate,  Esq,,  Woolton. 

Eighteen  distinct  single  blooms.— W.  Boyes,  Milford, 
Derby,  was  ist. 


88 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


QULY   18,    18 


For  twelve  blooms,  Rev.  E.  L.  Fellowes,  Wmpole 
Rectory.  Royston,  was  ist,  with  a  magnificent  stand  ; 
2d,  ].  Fibher.  Esq.,  Brigg.  In  this  collection  the  Silver 
Medal  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual  was  awarded  to  a 
bloom  of  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  ;  the  3d  prize  falUng  to 
\V.  E.  Hall.  ,      ^ 

For  nine  Teas  or  Noisettes,  Rev.  L.  Garnett,  ist ;  A. 
Tate,  2d  ;  W.  Boyes,  3d.  ,     .      „ 

For  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes  (three  trusses),  the  Rev. 
F.  Page-Roberts  was  ist,  with  a  very  fine  stand  ;  T.  B. 
Hall,  2d  ;  Rev.  J.  Pemberton,  3d. 

For  six  new  Roses,  not  in  commerce  in  England  pre- 
vious to  1883,  ].  W.  Girdlestone  was  ist,  with  President 
Senelar,  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Joseph  Metral,  Edith  Gif- 
ford.  Sunset,  and  MerveiUe  de  Lyon. 

In  the  open  classes  for  twelve  new  Roses,  single 
blooms,  not  in  commerce  in  England  previous  to  1883, 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  came  m  ist,  with  a  very  fine 
stand,  beating  Paul  &.  Sons,  who,  however,  secured  a 
2d  place  ;  the  3d  prize  being  taken  by  H.  Trellingham, 
Beeston,  Notts.  In  the  winning  lot  were  fine  examples 
of  Alphonse  Soupert,  President  Senelar,  Madame  J. 
Gautier,  Souvenir  de  Leon  Gambetta.  Lord  Bacon, 
MerveiUe  de  Lyon,  Baron  N.  de  Rothschild,  Madame 
Dellevaux,  Directeur  Alphand,  Madame  Rambaux,  Mrs. 
George  Dickson,  and  Francisque  Rivie. 

For  twelve  single  trusses  of  any  yellow  Rose,  F.  Cant 
was  ist,  with  Mari5chal  Niel  ;  George  Prince  2d,  with 
Comtesse  de  Nadaillac  ;  P.aul  &  Sons  3d,  with  Mar^chal 
Niel. 

Twelve  blooms  of  any  white.— Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co. 
were  ist,  with  MerveiUe  de  Lyon  ;  F.  A.  Dickson  & 
Sons,  Chester,  being  2d,  with  the  same  variety  ;  G. 
Prince  coming  3d,  with  Innocente  Pirola. 

Twelve  blooms  of  any  crimson  Rose.— Here  Paul  & 
Sons  were  well  to  the  fore,  winning  with  fine  blooms  of 
Alfred  Colomb  ;  Cranston  Nursery  Co.  2d,  with  splendid 
blooms  of  A.  K.  WilUams  ;  J.  House  being  3d,  with 
the  same  form. 

For  twelve  blooms  of  any  dark  velvety-crimson,  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co.,  and  Paul  &  Sons  were  respectively  ist 
and  2d,  with  Abel  Carriere  ;  the  3d  tailing  to  B.  R. 
Cant,  with  Prince  Camille  de  Rohan. 

For  twelve  blooms  of  any  kind,  F.  Cant  was  ist,  with 
a  grand  lot  of  Souvenir  dElise  ;  the  Rev.  F.  Page- 
Roberts  being  2d,  with  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac  ;  B.  R. 
Cant  3d,  with  large  and  fine  blooms  of  Ulrich  Brunner. 
Messrs.  R.  Ker  &  Sons,  Liverpool,  had  a  fine  lot  ol 
Crotons,  Dracaenas,  and  Palms,  running  all  down  the 
centre  of  the  tables,  also  a  good  lot  of  plants  of  Lilium 
lancifolium  rubrum.  S.  Barlow.  Esq.,  showed  a  number 
of  varieties  from  Llandudno  of  sorts  not  usuaUy  provided 
for  in  schedules  for  Rose  exhibitions. 

An  extra  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Williamson,  gr. 
to  G.  B,  Blair,  Esq.,  Whalley,  for  a  collection  of  fruit, 
among  which  were  good  examples  of  Pines,  ten  Melons, 
including  Victory  of  Bath,  Eastnor  Castle,  Davenham 
Early,  and  William  TiUery.  (A  Corrispoiident.) 


ROYAL    CALEDONIAN     HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

The  summer  show  of  our  greatest  Northern  horticul- 
tural society  was  held  in  Edinburgh  on  Wednesday  and 
Thursday,  the  8th  and  9th  inst.  The  entries  numbered 
604,  as  compared  with  559  in  1884.  521  in  1883,  375  as 
1881,  and  459  in  1880.  In  1882,  owing  to  the  Interna- 
tional, there  was  no  summer  show.  Everything  was 
shown  in  splendid  condition,  and  the  Waverley  Market 
Hall,  in  which  the  exhibition  was  held,  presented  a 
charming  appearance.  Everything  passed  off  in  a  satis- 
factory way.  The  arrangements  were  excellent,  the 
number  o(  visitors  large,  and  altogether  the  Caledonian 
officials,  especially  such  hard-working  members  as 
Messrs.  A.  Macleod,  Malcolm  Dunn,  D.  Mitchell,  D- 
Thomson,  the  Treasurer,  P.  NeiU-Fraser,  and  the  Assist. 
ant-Secretary,  W.  Young. 

At  this  show  Roses  are  generally  the  great  feature — for 
some  years  past  it  has  come  to  be  called  the  Rose  show. 
On  this  occasion,  however.  Our  Scotch  growers  were 
heavily  handicapped  in  competing  with  such  a  formidable 
rival  as  Hugh  Dickson,  of  Belfast.  In  Scotland  the 
season  has  been  backward,  the  winds  of  June  having 
been  very  cold.  Roses  are  just  beginning  to  come  into 
condition,  and  exhibitors  in  consequence  have  not  the 
same  choice  of  blooms  to  select  their  competitive  stock 
from  :  another  week  would  have  made  a  great  difference. 
At  the  same  time,  despite  these  disadvantages,  the  dis- 
play of  Roses  was  exceedingly  creditable,  and  attracted 
great  attention.  Hugh  Dickson,  Belfast,  carried  every- 
thing before  him.  Certainly  the  Irish  Roses  showed  no 
signs  of  any  fault  in  the  character.  They  were  for  the 
most  part  of  large  size,  excellently  grown,  pure  in  colour, 
and  with  a  soft,  satiny  bloom  upon  them  which  made 
them  very  charming  to  the  eye  to  rest  upon.  Thomas 
Smith,  Stranraer,  was  not  so  good  a  2d  as  he  generally 
is,  solely  on  account  of  the  state  of  the  season.  A  few 
Roses  on  his  stand  were  of  good  size,  shape,  and  colour. 
In  the  gardener  class  Mr.  Parlane,  Roslin,  had  an 
excellent  show,  and  had  no  difficulty  in  carrying  off  the 
honours  in  the  section  in  which  he  competed.  In  aU 
respects  his  Roses  showed  signs  of  excellent  cultivation. 

In  the  other  secuons  there  was  a  very  fair  show  of 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants — of  the  Heaths  especially. 
Erica  Bothwelliana  being  in  good  condition.  The 
Orchids  were  a  briUiant  show — several  of  the  plants 
shown  being  of  great  beauty.  Conspicuous  among  these 
might  be  mentioned  a  splendid  Cattleya  regalis,  two 
examples  of  Oncidium  macranthum,  a  Vanda  suavis, 
and  an  Odontoglossum  vexillarium. 

The  competition  tables  of  plants  were  of  average 
merit,  though  the  ist  prize  collection  included  some 
pretty  Orchids  and  other  expensive  things.  There  was 
also  exhibited  one  of  the  best  collections  of  British  Ferns 


which  has  been  seen  in  any  of  the  Caledonian  shows  for 
many  a  day.  The  varieties  were  well  selected  and  the 
plants  beautifully  grown. 

Little  can  be  said  for  the  Fuchsias,  the  art  of  growing 
which  seems  not  much  attended  to  in  this  quarter  ;  but 
of  Pelargoniums  there  was  a  first-class  display.  A  very 
taking  show  was  made  by  the  cut  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants — a  competition  which  is  comparatively  new  to  the 
Caledonian,  though  common  enough  at  the  English 
shows.  It  is  likely  to  grow  in  favour,  as  an  effective 
display  can  be  made  in  connection  with  it.  Some  excel- 
lent Tree  Carnations  were  staged. 

Of  fruit  there  was  for  this  early  period  of  the  season 
a  very  fair  amount  staged.  Mr.  Johnstone,  of  Glamis, 
sent  for  exhibition  two  really  fine  bunches  of  Black  Ham- 
burgh Grapes,  and  there  were  excellent  Nectarines, 
large  in  size  and  high  in  colour,  from  Oxenford  Castle, 
and  Peaches  from  New  Battle.  A  special  award  was 
made  for  seven  fine  Pine-apples  from  Culzean  Castle. 
The  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  entered  for  competition 
were  of  good  quality,  the  Muscats  were  decidedly 
poor.  Some  very  fine  Strawberries  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Sinclair,  East  Linton.  The  quantity  of  vegetables 
tabled  was  not  large,  but  the  quality  was  good. 

To  the  nurserymen  of  Edinburgh  the  show  as  usual 
was  indebted  for  some  of  its  most  attractive  features. 
One  firm  only,  however,  entered  the  competi- 
tion lists  for  the  best  table  of  plants,  40  feet  by  10, 
arranged  for  effect,  for  which  a  prize  of  £6  was 
offered.  This  was  the  Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird  &  Son, 
whose  table  did  them  every  credit— the  quality  of  the 
exhibits  being  good  and  the  arrangement  tasteful  and 
artistic.  The  flowers  were  grouped  so  as  to  show  masses 
of  bloom,  and  in  their  setting  of  green  were  exceedingly 
effective  ;  among  other  good  things  we  noted  were  AraUa 
Chabrieri,  a  splendid  specimen  of  Orchis  maculata 
superba,  a  double  Ivy-leaved  Pelargonium,  Hydrangea 
paniculata  grandiflora  (the  hardy  variety  we  have  found 
exceedingly  useful  for  forcing);  Kalmia  latifolia,  and  the 
new  and  rare  Alocasia  Thibautiana,  with  its  large  hand- 
some white  ribbed  leaves.  The  table  of  Messrs.  Methven 
was  also  a  model  of  good  taste  in  arrangement,  flowering 
and  foliage  plants  being  alternately  grouped,  while  at 
regular  intervals  some  outstanding  plant  was  weU  dis- 
played. They  were  strong  as  usual  in  their  wide-famed 
decorative  Pelargoniums,  and  they  had  also  several  in- 
teresting examples  of  other  plants.  Conspicuous  among 
these  were  four  magnific&t  Croton  Mossias,  C.  trium- 
phans,  C.  Victoria,  and  C.  cronstadtii  :  a  free-flowering 
dwarf  Latania.  a  good  Lavatera  arboreavar.,  a  Draco- 
cephalum  gracile,  and  a  fine  example  of  Nicotiana  affinis. 
Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson  had  a  very  choice  exhibition 
of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  elegantly  arranged,  in- 
cluding beautiful  Crotons,  Orchids,  and  Liliums,  and 
their  competition  box  of  cut  flowers  was  exceedingly 
fine.  .    ,    , 

Dicksons  &  Co.,  Waterloo  Place,  were  particularly 
strong  in  cut  flowers,  of  which  they  showed  an  excellent 
variety.  Among  other  things  here  worthy  of  notice  was 
a  new  white  Lobelia,  Pilrig  Park,  and  a  new  white  Pink, 
Mrs.  W.  M.  Welsh,  which  was  awarded  a  First-class 
Certificate.  They  were  also  a  good  2d  for  their  cut 
greenhouse  flowers. 

Mr.  Robertson  Munro  exhibited  a  very  nice  lot  of  her- 
baceous and  alpine  plants  in  pots,  some  of  the  former 
showing  what  can  be  done  in  cultivating  even  the 
simplest  materials,  there  being  in  particular  an  admirable 
plant  of  the  common  creeper,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 
There  were  also  shown  the  North  American  Evening 
Primrose,  CEnothera  marginata,  with  delicious  perfume  : 
the  Iceland  yeUow  Poppy,  which  has  won  the  hearts  of 
the  ladies  at  present,  and  some  fine  new  seedling  Car- 
nations. 

Lamont  &  Son,  The  Glen  Nurseries,  Musselburgh,  had 
a  pretty  display  of  Spanish  and  English  Irises  (fifty 
varieties  being  shown)  and  sweet-scented  Paeony  Roses, 
and  they  had  also  a  new  variegated  Silver  Ivy. 

T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  London, 
showed  some  exceedingly  fine  cut  herbaceous  flowers. 

The  specialty  on  the  table  of  Stuart  &  Mein,  Kelso, 
was  a  new  free  flowering  white  Lobeha,  Miss  Hope  ; 
James  Dickson  &  Sons  showed  some  new  Conifers.  The 
horticultural  builders  present  were  Mackenzie  &  Moncur 
and  Keith  &  Hawke.  The  former  showed  a  very  handy 
greenhouse,  costing  about  ;^6o.  fitted  up  in  an  artistic 
style  ;  and  the  latter  a  lantern-roofed  conservatory,  the 
speciality  of  which  is,  as  the  glass  roof  is  all  round,  the 
plants  are  prevented  from  being  "  drawn."  TiUie  & 
Turner  seed  merchants,  had  a  tasteful  stand,  con- 
spicuous on  which  were  their  prize  American  lawn 
mowers,  which  combine  lightness  and  power,  and  appear 
to  have  given  much  satisfaction. 


EDINBURGH  BOTANICAL  :  July  9. 

The  Society  met    this    evening  in    the    class-room. 
Royal  Botanic  Garden  :   Professor  Dickson  in  the  chair. 
The  following  communications  were  read  : — 

I.  "  Notes  on  the  Grasses  of  the  Southern  Punjab." 
By  W.  Coldstream,  B.A.,  H.M.  Bengal  Civil  Service. 

II.  "  An  account  of  Haberlandt's  views  on  '  The  Phy- 
siological Functions  of  the  Tissues  of  Plants,'  with  illus- 
trative microscopic  preparations."  By  G.  F,  Scott- 
ElHot,  B.A. 

III.  "  Report  on  the  Progress  of  Vegetation  at  the 
Royal  Botanic  Garden."     By  Robert  Lindsay,  Curator. 

IV.  '■  On  Temperature,  Vegetation,  &c.,  in  the 
Botanic  Garden,  Glasgow,  for  June."  By  Robert 
Bullen,  Curator. 

•Abstract  of  Mr.  Coldstre.'^m's  Paper. 

The  tract  of  country  described  in  the  paper  is  that 

which,    tiU    the    occurrence    of    recent   administrative 

changes,  constituted  the  Hissar  division.     It  stretches 


from  near  Delhi  westward  to  the  Sutlej  River  to  the  con- 
fines of  Multan  and  Bahawalpur  ;  there  are  large  sandy 
areas  in  this  track,  which,  however,  is  in  parts  watered 
by  the  Western  Jumna  Canal,  and  the  stream  of  the 
Ghaggar.  The  soil  is  prolific  in  the  rainy  season,  which 
is  the  time  of  growth  of  the  principal  harvest.  The 
country  is  on  the  whole  very  dry,  hot  and  sandy. 
Rainfall  varies  from  12^  to  20  inches.  Some  of  the 
principal  trees  are  Acacia  arabica  (native  name, 
Keekur),  A.  leucophlsea  (native  name,  Ronj),  Tecoma 
undulata  (native  name,  Rohira),  which  has  large 
showy  orange-coloured  blossoms,  and  grows  wild  even 
in  thebarrenandsandy  tracts  ;  Prosopisspicigera  (|hand), 
Capparis  aphylla  (Karil),  Salvadora  oleoides  (Jiil),  and 
on  the  banks  of  streams  and  canals  the  valuable  Dal- 
bergia  sissu  (Sheesham  wood),  a  congener  of  the  Bom- 
bay Black-wood  The  principal  crops  are  Sorghum  vul- 
gare(Jowar)  and  Penicillaria  spicata  (Bajra).  These 
form  the  staple  food  of  the  people.  But  Wheat,  Gram 
(Cicer  arietinum),  and  on  the  fertile  spots  Sugar-cane, 
are  also  grown  in  considerable  quantities.  The  unripe 
Sorghum  plant  is  said  to  be  sometimes,  in  seasons  of 
drought,  poisonous  to  cattle.  The  crops  sometimes 
grow  on  sandhills  and  wonderfully  unpromising  looking 
soil.  The  farmer  often  dreads  too  heavy  a  rainfall  be- 
cause it  is  apt  to  wash  his  crop  out  of  the  soft  and  sloping 
ground  of  the  sandhill.  The  wild  grasses  are  numerous, 
and  as  this  is  a  pastoral  region  their  nutritious  qualities 
as  fodder  render  them  a  peculiarly  valuable 
natural  product.  For  months  in  the  year  the 
cattle  are  largely  dependent  on  the  produce  of  the 
uncultivated  grass  lands.  The  breed  of  cattle  is  famous. 
The  region  is  very  liable  to  scarcity  and  fodder  famines, 
owing  to  failure,  or  partial  failure,  of  the  rains.  The 
mitigation  of  distress  at  such  times  by  attendon  to 
fodder  supply,  is  one  of  the  practical  questions  which  are 
engaging  the  attention  of  the  .Agricultural  Department  of 
the  Government  of  India.  That  this  is  an  eminently 
practical  question  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  in  the  cold 
season  of  1877-78  about  480,000  head  of  stock,  including 
bullocks,  cows,  buffaloes,  camels,  sheep,  and  goals  are 
estimated  to  have  died.  The  questions  of  stacking, 
ensilage,  arboriculture,  the  supply  of  arboreal  fodder, 
have  yet  to  be  studied.  Stacks  of  Sorghum  and  Millet 
keep  weU  ;  but  the  natives  do  not  stack  grass,  although 
the  officers  at  the  Hissar  cattle  farm  do,  and  it  is 
found  that  the  hay  keeps  well  for  five  or  six  years,  or 
even  longer.  Nor  do  the  natives  sow  grass  :  all  the 
grass  fodder  which  is  consumed  is  what  grows  wild  in 
the  uncultivated  areas.  Much  might  be  done  to  keep 
the  cattle  alive  in  times  of  scarcity  by  stacking  fodder 
in  large  quantities.  The  recent  remark  of  Sir  Alfred 
Lyall,  Lieut. -Governor  of  the  North-VVest  Provinces, 
holds  good  for  this  region,  that  "a  large  number  of 
cattle  die  every  year  because  their  owners  take  no  trouble 
to  keep  them  alive. " 

Some  of  the  most  interesting  grasses  of  the  region 
are  the  following,  the  native  names  being  given  in 
parentheses  : — 

Cynodon  dactylon  (Dflb). — Makes  into  good  turf  for 
lawns,  and  is  much  eaten  by  horses.  The  grass  is 
stubbed  up  from  the  roots  and  given  to  the  horses. 

.Andropogon  pertusus  (Palwa). — Especially  relished  by 
buffaloes. 

Sporobolus  tenacissimus  (Kheo).— Particularly  good 
for  horses. 

Heteropogon  contortns  (Sarwala). 
Panicum  colonum   (Sanwak).— Its  grain  is  coUected 
and  sold  in  the  bazaars  for  making  bread. 
Panicum  helopus  (Kuri). 
Elionurus  hirsutus  (Sin,  or  Sewan). 
Eleusine  flagelliflora  (Ghantil). 

Eleusine  aegyptiaca  (Bhobra).— One  of  the  most  nutri. 
tious  grasses  ;  seeds  eaten  in  seasons  of  scarcity. 

Pennisetum  cenchroides  and  Cenchrus  montanus  (both 
called  Anjan  and  Dhaman). —These  grasses  are  con- 
sidered the  most  nutritious  of  all. 

.Andropogon  Laniger  (Biir,  or  Khawi).— A   nutritious  . 
and  fragrant  grass  ;  imparts  an  aroma  to  the  miUt  of 
cattle  eating  it. 

Sorghum  halepense  (Baru).— The  wild  Sorghum  or 
lowar.  When  eaten  in  a  season  of  drought  before  its 
grain  is  developed,  is  said  to  be  sometimes  fatal  to  cattle  ; 
but  at  other  times  a  nutritious  grass  grain,  much  eaten 
by  the  poorer  classes  in  Bikaner. 

Andropogon  muricatus  (Panni).— The  principal 
thatching  grass  of  the  Punjab.  Its  root  forms  the 
scented  Khas-khas  used  for  lattices  or  damp  screens. 

Elionurus  hirsutus  (Sin  or  Shin). — Seed  collected  and 
eaten  by  the  people  of  Rajputana.  It  is  the  grass  (along 
with  a  few  others)  whose  grazing  qualities  give  the  graz- 
ing grounds  of  Bikaner  their  high  character.  Called 
Cusa  in  Hindu  mythology. 

(Bhurat). — A  grass  very  common  in  the  Bikaner 

territory  and  elsewhere  ;  seeds  eaten  mixed  with  Bajra 
flour. 

The  first  eight  are  said  to  stack  well.  If  thoroughly 
protected  from  rain,  stacked  grass  will  last  in  the  climate 
of  Hissar  for  a  very  long  period — some  species  tor  ten, 
twelve,  and  even  twenty  years  ;  it  seems,  in  fact,  when 
properly  dried  and  protected,  to  be  nearly  imperishable. 

Progress  of  Vegetation  at  the  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  June,  1885. 
The  month  of  June  was  mild  and  pleasant,  though 
somewhat  dry.  "On  the  whole  it  was  favourable  in 
advancing  outdoor  vegetation  generally.  The  luxuriant 
foli.age  which  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  developed  during 
the  month  has  been  matter  ot  general  observation. 
Most  trees  were  late  in  coming  into  leaf,  and  thus 
escaped  injury  from  late  frosts.  This,  combined  with 
the  well-ripened  condition  of  the  wood  produced  last 
autumn,  is  sufficient  to  account  for  the  fine  display  of 
foUage  now  seen.  Amongst  those  which  flowered  well 
were  various  species  and  varieties  of  Crataegus,  jEsculus, 


July  iS,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


89 


Pyrus,  Sorbus,  Sambucus,  Rhododendron,  Azalea,  and 
Fraxinus  Ornus.  Variegated  forms  of  Taxus,  Biota, 
Retinospora,  and  other  Conifers  are  remarkably  well 
coloured,  affording  a  pleasing  contrast  with  the  dark 
green  foliage  of  the  typical  species.  Late  transplanted 
trees  and  shrubs  have  suffered  severely  from  drought, 
and  grass  on  lawns  and  verges  began  to  turn  brown  by 
the  end  of  the  month.  Herbaceous  plants,  as  a  rule, 
have  done  well,  notwithstanding  the  drought  which  pre- 
vailed. The  lowest  night  temperature  was  35'^  on  the 
9ih  of  the  month,  other  low  readings  occurred— on  the 
lolh,  37"  ;  i5lh,  38"  ;  23d,  39' ;  26th,  37"^.  The  lowest 
day  temperature  was  59^  on  the  8th,  and  the  highest, 
77°,  on  the  i2th.  There  were  twenty  perfectly  dry 
days,  and  slight  showers  only  during  the  remainng  ten 
days. 

On  the  rock  garden  350  species  of  herbaceous  and 
alpine  plants  came  into  flower  during  the  month, 
making  a  total  of  818  for  the  season  as  compared 
with  798  at  corresponding  date  last  year.  The  fol- 
lowing were  amongst  the  most  conspicuous  which 
flowered,  viz. : — 


AdphyIla5quarrosa{<5  9) 

Gaukheria  camea 

Ajuga  genevensis 

Haplocarpa  Leichtlini 

Androsacc   rotundifolia    ma- 

Hedysarum  obscurum 

crocalyx 

Houstonia  cocrulua 

Allium  coLTuleum 

Hypoxis  erecta 

Anagallis  tenella 

Melissa  grandiflora 

Arcnaria  moiitana 

Mulgedium  alpinum 

Aster  atpinus 

Lewisia  rediviva 

„     „     albus 

Linum  alpinum 

Astragalus  vaginatus 

Libertia  grandiflora 

Calochortus  coeruleus 

Lychnis  pyrenaica 

Calceolaria  Kellyana 

„     viscaria     sjrlendens, 

Celmisia  spectabilis 

fl.-pl. 

Chrysobactron  Hookeri 

Ononis  rotundifolia 

Clinlonia  Andrewsiana 

Onosma  laurica 

Coronilla  ibcrica 

Oxytropis  H;iUerii 

Craspedia  Richea 

Pentstemon  Lew.sii 

Dianthus  alpinus 

Potentilla  eriocarpa 

,,     eximius  (hybrid) 

Pratia  angulata 

,,     Fischeri 

Rosa  pyrenaica 

,,     neglectus 

Sedum  Oreganum 

,,     superbus 

Trifolium  alpinum 

Diphylleia  cymosa 

Vaccinium  Mortinia 

Kchium  rubrum 

Vellaspinosa 

Erigcron  auraiitiacum 

Veronica  Haastii 

,,     purpureum 

„    carnosula 

Erlnus  hispanicus  albus 

„     Chathamica 

Kriophorum  alpinum 

,,     Hulke.ina 

Gaillardia  maxima 

Vancouvcria  hexant'ra 

Gentianaluua 

Verbascum  olympicum 

Geranium  cinerium 

Wahlenbergia  saMcola,  &c 

On  Temperature,  Vegetation,  &c.,  in  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden.  Glasgow,  fok  June,  1855. 

The  temperature  has  been  low,  -^f^  having  been  regis- 
tered several  times  in  the  latter  as  well  as  in  the  early 
part  of  the  month,  and  frequently  the  temperature  did 
not  exceed  40^.  The  lowest  day  reading  was  58*,  the 
highest  78^.  The  weather  has  been  very  dry  ;  bright 
sunny  days  have  been  general  ;  the  few  ilight  showers 
which  have  fallen  have  been  of  little  benefit  to  vegetation, 
and  most  garden  and  farm  crops  are  suffering.  Spring- 
sown  seed,  particularly  those  of  annuals,  promised  well, 
but  being  kept  alive  by  artificial  watering  have  made 
little  progress  ;  indeed,  all  halt-hardy  plants  have  a 
stunted  look.  Hardy  trees  and  shrubs  of  all  kinds  have 
been  prolific  of  bloom,  but  owing  to  the  occasional  cold 
nights  and  dry  days  the  foliage  is  not  so  healthy  as  usual. 
Hardy  herbaceous  plants  are  mostly  early  in  bloom. 


EALING,      ACTON,       AND      HANWELL 
HORTICULTURAL:    July  7  and  8. 

In  celebrating  this  year  the  attainment  of  the  twenty- 
first  anniversary  of  its  existence,  this  Society  held  in  the 
park  attached  to  the  mansion  of  Lord  de  Rothschild  and 
brothers  at  Gunnersbury  on  the  above  days,  an  exten  ive 
exhibition,  which  it  was  also  resolved  should  on  this 
occasion  extend  over  two  days  that  the  population  in- 
habiting the  suburbs  around  Gunnersbury  might  have 
opportunity  to  inspect  the  park  so  kindly  placed  at 
the  Society's  disposal.  In  addition  to  this  kindness, 
which  was  largely  helped  by  the  courtesy  sliown  by 
Mr.  Roberts,  the  Messrs.  Rothschild  placed  at  the  com- 
mittee's disposal  the  sum  of  50  gs.,  which  was  offered  in 
various  special  prizes,  and  aided  materially  the  pro- 
duction of  a  fine  horticultural  display.  On  Wednesday 
Ladyde  Rothschild  presented  the  numerous  prizes  won  by 
the  cottager  section  ol  competitors  to  them,  thus  adding 
personal  interest  to  tangible  assistance.  The  show  filled 
four  large  tents,  one  being  entirely  devoted  to  cut 
flowers,  table  decorations,  bouquets,  and  fruit,  and  was 
one  of  the  best  displays  we  have  seen  for  a  long  lime. 
The  cottagers'  contributions,  comprising  several  hundred 
entries,  occupied  a  large  area  of  table  ;  whilst  the  plant 
tents  were  well  filled.  The  trade  recognised  the  im- 
portance of  this  year's  show,  and  sent  many  collections, 
prominent  amongst  which  was  a  grand  group  of  some 
150  Roses  in  pots,  all  fresh  and  finely  flowered,  from 
Messrs.  )a5.  Veitch  &  Sons,  and  including  most  of  the 
best  kinds.  Backed  with  Japanese  Acers,  and  fenced  with 
dwarf  Ferns  and  ornamental  foliage  plants,  it  attracted 
attention.  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons  sent  a  group  of 
their  ornamental  foliaged  trees  and  shrubs.  Messrs. 
B.  S.  Williams  &  Son  had  one  of  their  collections  of 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  inclusive  of  some  Orchids, 
proving  an  attrjictive  feature.  Messrs.  John  Laing  & 
Co.  had  a  group  of  their  Begonias  that  startled  visitors 
by  the  huge  size  of  their  blooms  and  rich  colours,  and 
were  effectively  set  in  the  midst  of  decorative  plants. 
Mr.  R.  Dean  showed  fine  examples  of  the  new  Rocket 
Candytuft,  Empress. 


Decorative  Competitive  Groups. 
These,  always  an  interesting  feature,  were  specially  so 
here,  three  separate  classes  being  set  apart  for  them. 
In  the  large  groups  Messrs.  Froniow  &  Sons,  Turnham 
Green,  again  met  their  powerful  rivals  in  decorative 
art,  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham,  both  having 
groups  of  much  beauty.  The  former  had  rather  the  best 
position,  and  perhaps  more  bloom  ;  the  latter  rather 
the  most  elegant  arrangements.  Eventually  bloom, 
which  was  strong  in  Lilium  auratum  and  L.  longi- 
folium,  some  good  Orchids,  &c.,  gave  Messrs.  Fromow 
the  premier  place.  Still,  opinions  varied,  and  many 
thought  Messrs.  Hooper's  collection,  which  was  put  2d, 
the  most  pleasing.  Mr.  Ravenhill,  gr.  to  Mrs.  'Fread- 
away,  came  3d.  having  many  gay  Pelargoniums  in  his 
group.  In  another  group  class  Mr.  CllBdwick,  gr.  to 
E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Ealmg,  came  ist  with  a  pleasing 
arrangement  of  while  Pancraliuins,  Amaryllis,  Ericas, 
&c.  Mr.  G.  Fulford,  gr.  to  J.  Boosey,  Esq..  Acton, 
came  2d,  the  compelilion  bemg  large.  There  was 
also  a  class  for  yet  smaller  groups.  Ol  honorary  groups 
shown  by  gardeners,  special  mention  must  be  made  of 
the  very  elegant  and  beautiful  one  put  up  by  Mr.  Hud- 
son, gr.  to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.P.  Gunnersbury 
House,  who  did  not  exhibit  in  the  plant  competitions. 
This  group  included  as  a  central  figure  a  huge  and 
grandly  done  piece  of  Asparagus  plumosus,  some  17  feet 
high,  and  4  feet  through  ;  also  handsome  Palms,  Ferns, 
Crotons,  Dracaiuas,  &c.,  lit  up  with  fine  Gloxinias.  To 
this  a  special  award  was  made,  as  also  to  a  fine  lot  of 
Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  and  Amethyst  Clove  Car- 
nation, in  pots,  faced  by  others  of  the  crimson  Napoleon 
mule  Pink  and  Maidenhair  Kern,  staged  by  Mr.  Roberts 
from  the  gardens. 

Specimen  Plants. 
These  were  prominent  amongst  the  foliage  classes. 
Ferns,  Palms,  Caladiums,  red  Begonias,  Coleuses,  &c., 
were  in  fine  form  and  great  variety.  Flowering  stove 
and  greenhouse  plants  were  less  strong,  which  is  to 
be  deplored  in  the  interest  of  most  exhibitions  now.  Mr. 
Davis,  gr.  to — Lake,  Esq.,  Chiswick,  had  the  best  of 
these  in  Pentas  camea,  All.imanda  Hendersoni,  Bougain- 
villea  glabra,  and  a  capital  Vinca  rosea.  Mr.  Chadwick 
came  next  with  a  good  Slatice  profusa,  Clerodendron 
Balfourii,  &c.  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to  T.  Nye,  Esq  ,  Ealing, 
had  a  gigantic  Beauty  of  Wills  Fuchsia  in  his  collection, 
finely  flowered.  The  best  four  Fuchsias  came  from  Mr. 
Wright,  gr.  to  G.  P.  Greenfield,  Esq.,  Hanwell.  who 
had  large,  though  rather  thin,  pyramids  of  Arabella 
Improved,  Cannell's  Gem,  Mrs.  Rundell,  and  Brigade 
Mr  Davis  had  smaller  but  denser  plants  in  Symmetry 
and  Lord  F.almouth,  reds  ;  and  Emily  Lye  and  Arabella, 
whites.  Tlie  four  best  large-floivercd  Pelargoniums,  full 
of  bloom  and  singularly  fresh  for  the  time  of  year,  came 
from  Mr.  Ravenhill  ;  and  Mr.  Davis  had  in  Laura  Slraun, 
reddish-salmon  ;  Mrs.  Levers,  rosy  pink  ;  Sarah  Bern- 
hardt, white  ;  and  Ouida,  rich  rosy-cerise  ;  some  splen- 
didly grown  and  flowered  plants.  The  only  collection 
of  six  Orchids  came  from  Messrs.  Fromow  &  Sons,  and 
included  Cattleyas  Gaskelliana  and  Roezlii,  Odontoglos- 
sums  Alexandrae  and  citrosmum,  Atirides  odoratum, 
and  Dendrobium  suavissimum.  Petunias,  Begonias,  and 
Gloxinias  amongst  flowering  plants  were  largely  shown, 
and  proved  most  attractive. 

Cut  Flowers. 
Foremost  amongst  these  was  a  fine  lot  of  cut  Roses, 


In  the  open  class  for  eight  dishes,  Mr.  |.  Hudson 
was  invincible  with  Madresfield  Court  and  Foster's 
SeedUng  Grapes,  Queen  Pine,  fine  and  wonderfully 
coloured  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  President  Straw- 
berries. Black  Circassian  and  Napoleon  Bigarreail 
Cherries,  and  a  Melon.  Mr.  Baird,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Dtw, 
Esq.,  Castle  Hill,  had  the  best  six  dishes  of  fruit,  in- 
cluding Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes, 
Peaches,  Cherries,  all  good.  Mr.  Milson  had  the  best 
black  Grapes  in  two  superb  bunches  of  Black  Ham- 
burgh, finely  coloured  and  finished,  Mr.  Baird  coming 
2d  with  same  kind,  but  was  a  good  ist  in  the  class  lor 
whites  with  some  huge  Duke  of  Buccleuch  ;  Mr.  Raven- 
hill coming  next  with  rich  coloured  Buckland  Sweetwater. 
Strawberries  were  very  fine,  some  splendid  samples  of 
J.  Veitch.  British  gueen.  Dr.  Hogg,  and  Sir  J.  Paxton, 
being  staged. 

Vegetables  were  shown  in  large  quantities  by  gar- 
deners, amateurs,  and  cottagers,  and  of  high  quality  ; 
and  some  150  bunches  of  wild  flowers  and  fitty  of  garden 
flowers  were  staged  by  children  for  numerous  prizes. 


sent  by  Messrs.  Lee  &  Sons  from  their  Ealing  1 
The  collection  comprised  twelve  boxes,  and  many  of  the 
the  blooms  were  first-class,  even  though,  as  we  learn 
from  Mr.  Cannon,  only  ordinary  culture  had  been 
bestowed.  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons  aUo  put  up 
a  fine  collection  of  choice  kinds,  Messrs.  Lee  Ik. 
Sons  and  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co. ,  each  staged  very  in- 
teresting and  representative  collections  of  hardy  flowers  ; 
and  Sweet  Williams,  Antirrhinums,  Gloxinias,  and 
mixed  cut  flowers  were  in  great  force;  specially  charming 
were  the  boxes  of  cut  Petunias,  fine  double  and  single, 
striped  and  fringed  flowers,  creating  rich  and  striking 
elTects.  Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  also  in  great  force 
in  this  section. 

Table  Decorations,  Bouquets,  &c., 
were  remarkably  attractive  and  beautiful.  Mrs.  Hudson 
had  the  best  dressed  table  for  ten  persons,  her  stand 
being  elegantly  dressed  and  fruit  of  the  best  quality  ; 
Mr.  Butcher,  of  Norwood,  had  the  2d  best  table,  also 
charmingly  decorated,  but  the  fruit  wanted  freshness. 
These  tables  were  greatly  admired. 

The  three  finest  bouquets  in  competition,  one  for  bride 
and  two  for  bridesmaids,  came  from  Mr.  Phippen,  of 
Reading,  and  were  of  more  than  usual  excellence, 
although  perhaps  too  large.  Mr.  J.  A.  Morris,  Acton, 
had  three  good  bouquets  also,  and  Mr.  Chadwick  had 
the  best  single  bridal  bouquet:  also  was  ist  with  bouquet 
of  Roses.  A  capital  class  and  including  some  fine 
arrangements. 

Miss  E.  Nelson,  Hanger  Hill,  had  the  prettiest  yet 
simplest  button-hole  bouquets,  and  was  also  ist  in  the 
class  for  sprays  for  ladies'  hair,  using  chiefly  white 
Gardenias,  Stephanotis,  Gladiolus,  pink  and  white 
Pelargoniums,  &c. 

Vases  and  stands  of  Roses  and  Ferns  were  beautiful, 
Mrs.  Howard  Hayward  taking  ist  place,  and  being  also 
ist  with  a  basket  of  flowers  for  drawing-room  table,  with 
a  simple  but  pleasing  arrangement. 

Mrs.  H.  B.  Smith,  Ealing,  exhibited  two  Court 
bouquets,  and  sprays  for  head  decoration,  mounted 
on  velvet  stands. 

Fruit. 

Mr.  J.  Gough,  Harefield  Grove  Gardens,  sent  (not  for 
competition)  some  fine  Highcross  Hybrid  and  Victory 
of  Bath  Melons,  handsome  Queen  Pines,  Tomatos,  &c. 


BEXLEY      HEATH     HORTICULTURAL: 
July  8. 

In  no  part  of  the  kingdom  is  there  so  much  to  be 
seen  in  gardening  matters  that  excites  surprise  in  those 
who  have  been  for  some  years  absent  as  in  the  extent 
to  which  the  cultivation  o(  (ruit  and  vegetables  has  been 
extended  in  such  parts  of  the  county  as  are  best  adapted 
for  the  purpose.  .'\nd  the  displays  present  at  the  exhi- 
bitions held  by  the  horticultural  socielies  in  these  parts 
give  evidence  that  the  standard  of  cultivation  has  kept 
pace  with  the  extension  that  has  occurred.  The 
Society  under  notice  held  their  annual  summer  show  at 
the  Grove,  Bexley,  on  the  above  date.  Plants,  both 
flowering  and  fine-leaved,  were  very  well  shown. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  varieties,  in  bloom. — Mr. 
Mitchell,  gr.  to  Mrs  .\rbuthnot,  Rridgen  Place,  took  ist, 
with  a  well-grown  half-dozen,  which  included  Allamanda 
grandiflora,  A.  Hendersoni,  Anlhurium  ,Scherzeri,inum, 
bearing  some  forty  highly  coloured  flowers  ;  Aerides 
odoratum,  with  twenty  spikes  ;  Dipladenia  profusa,  an,d 
Vinca  oculata,  full  of  flower. 

Single  specimen  plant  in  flower.— ist,  Mr.  Moore,  gr. 
to  W!  Pickersgill,  Esq.,  Blendon  Hall,  with  a  very  fine 
specimen  of  .'\nthuriuru  Andreanum,  carrying  eight  very 
large  flowers.  It  is  an  unusually  good  variety  of  this 
variable  plant,  of  which  there  appears  to  be  many  that 
are  inferior  to  the  few  that  produce  large,  well-developed 
flowers  ;  Mr.  Mitchell  2d,  with  .\llamanda  Hendersoni. 

Begonias. 
ist,   Mr.  Moore ;    2d,   Mr.    Mitchell,  both    showing 
nicely  flowered  plants. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 
In  the  class  for  six  Mr.  Mitchell  was  easily  ist.  staging, 
amongst  others,  a  beautiful  specimen  of  Croton  Queen 
Victoria,  finely  coloured  :  C.  lohannis,  and  Asparagus 
plumosus,  in  the  form  of  a  feathery,  well-furnished  bush  ; 
Mr.  Moore  2d,  his  best  examples  being  Seaforthia 
elegans,  Alocasia  Veitchii,  and  Anthurium  crystallinum. 

COLEUS 

were  well  shown.     For  six.  Mr.   Burgess,  gr.  to  G.  J. 
Mitchell.  Esq.,    had  ist  ;  Mr.   Tomlin,  gr.  to  S.  White, 
Esq.,  being  2d. 
Six  table  plants.  — ist,  Mr.  Burgess  ;  2d,  Mr.  Moore. 

Ferns. 
Here  again  Mr.  Mitchell  took  the  lead  with  six,  stag- 
ing a  nice  group  of  medium-growing  kinds,   the  best 
being    Adiantum    farleyense,      Gymnogramma    chryso- 
phylli  and  G.  Wettenhalliana  ;  2d,  Mr.  Moore. 

Groups  of  Plants 
arranged  for  effect,  as  now  at  most  exhibitions,  excited 
much  attention.  On  this  occasion  Mr.  Mitchell  and  Mr. 
Moore  were  placed  equal  ist:  the  former  had  a  very 
tasteful  arrangement  with,  as  there  ever  should  be  in 
combinations  of  this  character,  an  absence  of  too  much 
colour  through  there  not  being  too  many  flowering 
plants,  nor  such  as  are  massive  in  appearance,  in  place 
of  which  those  of  light  elegant  habit  are  much  preferable. 
Mr.  Moore  amongst  others  had  finely  flowered  examples 
of  Odontoglossum  vexiUarium  and  Anthurium  Scherzeria- 
num  13d,  Mr.  Tomlin,  gr.  to  S.  While,  Esq.,Oakwood. 

Fkuit 
was   shown  in  good  condit'on.     For  three  bunches  of 
black  Grapes,   Mr.   Moore  was    easily  ist,   with  nicely 
finished  examples  of  Black  Hamburgh;  2d,  Mr.  Mitchell. 

With  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes  the  order  was 
reversed,  Mr.  Mitchell  taking  the  lead  wilh  Foster's 
.Seedling,  nice  bunches  well  coloured  ;  Mr.  Moore  had 
larger  bunches  of  the  same  useful  variety,  but  not  so 
well  up  in  colour. 

Dish  of  Peaches. — isl,  Mr.  Moore,  with  Royal  George, 
full  sized  fruit  in  beautiful  condition  ;  Mr.  King,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  T.  Burton,  who  was  2d,  had  Hale's  Eirly,  also 
well  shown. 

Dish  of  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Moore,  with  Newing- 
ton,  handsome  fruit,  finely  coloured. 

Cut  Flowers. 

With  twenty-four  Roses  Mrs.  Fuller,  Bexley,  took  the 
lead,  having  a  fine  stand  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co  , 
Maidstone. 

Twelve  Roses.— ist,  Mr.  Marshall ;  2d,  Mr.  Burgess. 

A  beautiful  stand  of  twelve  varieties  of  Teas,  three 
blooms  of  each,  was  shown  by  Mrs.  Fuller,  not  for  com- 
petition. 


90 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


QuuY  iS,  1885. 


There  was  a  sufficient  number  of  exhibits  of  table 
decorations,  centre-pieces,  bouquets,  &c. ,  to  fill  a  good 
sized  tent.  Mrs.  Rogers  took  ist,  for  a  nicely  arranged 
table  ;  Mr.  Eyles  2d. 

With  a  table  arranged  with  wild  flowers  alone  Miss 
A.  Jenkins  had  ist. 

Bouquets  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Mitchell  taking  the 
lead  with  a  very  nice  example  ;  2d,  Mrs.  Mitchell. 


THE      CRAY      VALLEY      AND      SIDCUP 
HORTICULTURAL  :  July  11. 

The  National  Rose  Society  has  been  the  means  of 
calling  into  being  so  many  Rose  shows  that  it  is  not 
matter  for  wonder  one  was  started  in  that  pleasantdistrict 
of  Kent  known  as  the  Cray  Valley.  It  was  the  first 
exiiibition  of  this  newly  formed  Society,  and  took  place 
in  the  grounds  of  Sidcup  Place,  the  residence  of  the  Rev, 
R,  M.  Berens.  It  was  more  particularly  a  Rose  exhibi- 
tion, though  there  were  classes  for  plants,  flowers,  fruits, 
and  vegetables. 

Roses. 
The  classes  open  to  all  comers  brought  an  excellent 
display.  The  best  forty-eight  varieties,  single  trusses, 
came  from  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Col- 
chester, who  had  nice,  fresh,  bright  blooms  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  who  had  the 
blooms  in  good  form. 

Messrs.  Geo.  Bunyard  &  Son  had  the  best  twenty-four 
varieties,  single  trusses,  staging  charming  blooms  ;  2d, 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

The  class  for  twelve  varieties  of  Teas  and  Noisettes 
brought  a  good  competition  also.  The  best  came  from 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  who  had  nice  fresh  blooms  ;  2d, 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  with  a  stand  containing  some  very  fine 
blooms. 

In  the  class  for  six  trusses  of  Roses  of  one  variety,  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant  was  ist,  with  A.  K.  Williams  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Bunyard  &  Co.,  with  Marie  Baumann. 

In  the  classes  for  amateurs  residing  within  3  miles  of 
Sidcup,  Mrs.  Fuller.  Bexley,  was  ist,  with  twenty-four 
varieties;  2d,  G.  T.  Ongley,  Esq.,  Eltham  ;  3d.  A. 
Harris,  Esq.,  Eltham. 

The  Silver  Medal  of  the  National  Rose  Society  was 
also  awarded  to  Mrs.  Fuller's  stand  in  this  class. 
Mrs.  Fuller  was  also  ist,  with  twelve  varieties. 
With  six  varieties  of  Teas  Mrs.  Fuller  was  again  to 
the  fore,  having  good  blooms. 

The  Bronze  Medal  of  the  National  Rose  Society  was 
awarded  to  the  Rev.  J.  N.  Rowsell  for  the  best  specimen 
Rose,  having  a  capital  bloom  of  Etoile  de  Lyon. 

Honorary  contributions  of  a  valuable  character,  not 
for  competition,  were  sent  by  Messrs.  George  Bunyard 
&  Co. .  who  had  a  collection  of  old-fashioned  Roses,  and 
a  very  interesting  collection  of  Moss  Roses  ;  ].  H.  Bath, 
Esq  ,  North  Cray  (W.  Parsons,  gr.),  who  had  a  charm- 
ing collection  of  Orchids  ;  Mr.  R.  Sim,  nurseryman, 
Foot's  Cray,  wlio  had  a  fine  collection  of  hardy  Ferns  ; 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  who  had  a  collection  of  cut 
flowers,  including  Pelargoniums,  Begonias,  &c. ;  Messrs. 
|.  Laing  &.  Co.,  Stanstead  Park  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill, 
who  had  a  collection  of  choice  plants,  including  some 
pretty  Begonias ;  Mr.  R.  C.  Ravenscroft,  Granville 
Nursery,  Lewisham.  who  had  a  collection  of  flowering 
plants  ;  and  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.,  Crystal 
Palace  Nursery,  who  had  a  group  of  Empress  Petunias. 


Variorum. 

The  Pastoral  Districts  of  New  South 
Wales. — There  are  many  who  entertain  an  impres- 
sion that  the  far  inland  districts  of  New  South  Wales 
partake  much  of  the  character  of  the  African  desert, 
consisting  of  broad  arid  plains,  wholly  destitute  of 
animal  and  vegetable  life.  It  is  true  that  during  pro- 
longed periods  of  drought  they  possess  a  dried  up 
appearance,  and  are  insufficient  to  feed  the  millions 
of  sheep  scattered  over  their  surface,  but  a  few 
showers  of  rain  suffice  to  change  the  scene  to  one  of 
luxuriant  abundance.  A  recent  visitor  to  the  western 
portion  of  New  South  Wales,  a  region  devoted  chiefly 
to  pastoral  purposes,  describing  his  arrival  at  the 
township  of  Narrandera,  says  it  is  in  the  heart  of  a 
fertile  agricultural  country,  which  only  lacks  a  regular 
rainfall  to  make  it  all  that  the  selector  could  desire. 
For  the  last  three  years  it  has  been  suffering,  in  com- 
mon with  the  whole  of  the  western  districts,  with 
continued  drought ;  but  the  soil  is  good,  the  land 
comparatively  cheap,  and  the  construction  of  the  rail- 
way has  already  transformed  a  part  of  it  from  wild 
uncultivated  bush  to  productive  land,  and  is  destined 
to  transform  the  rest  at  no  very  distant  date.  For 
miles  and  miles  the  line  passes  throughs  mail  forests  of 
Gum  trees,  thinly  scattered,  to  be  sure,  and  not  costing 
much  to  remove  ;  broken  here  and  there  with  level 
tracts  of  cultivated  ground,  and  relieved  at  intervals 
by  small  townships  and  stations,  or  more  frequently  a 
siding  erected  by  the  Government  for  the  conveyance 
of  the  produce  from  fertile  districts.  Half  way  be- 
tween Narrandera  and  Hay  the  scene  changes.  The 
Gums  are  left  behind,  except  where  they  serve  to 
mark  the  course  of  the  river  to  the  left,  and  only  a  few 
stragglers    remain    here    and    there    to    break     the 


monotony  of  the  immense  pastoral  plains  which 
stretch  out  on  either  side  for  many  a  weary  mile.  A 
few  weeks  ago  the  whole  of  this  country  was  abso- 
lutely bare.  Not  a  blade  of  grass  covered  the  face  of 
the  earth,  nor  had  one  been  seen  for  months  past  ; 
and  vast  flocks  of  sheep,  with  numbers  considerably 
thinned  by  the  drought,  were  huddled  together  in 
small  paddocks  strewn  with  hay,  stored  for  the  pur- 
pose in  long  wooden  sheds,  erected  near  the  sidings 
in  order  to  be  as  near  as  possible  to  the  rail  by  which 
the  food  was  brought  down  from  town  at  ruinous 
expense.  But  now  the  whole  (ace  of  the  country  was 
changed.  The  downpour  of  rain  in  January  had 
fallen  upon  a  soil  which  was  so  parched  for  want  of 
it  that  it  almost  despaired  of  ever  being  able  to  quench 
its  thirst  again,  and  which  was  only  too  ready  to  show 
its  gratitude  to  Heaven  for  the  long-delayed  blessing 
when  at  length  it  was  vouchsafed.  The  long  stretch 
of  level  land  was  covered  with  a  carpet  of  the  ten- 
derest  green  ;  the  ditch  which  at  intervals  fringes  the 
side  of  the  line  is  adorned  with  velvet  as  pleasing  to 
the  eye  as  it  must  surely  be  to  the  touch  ;  while  from 
above  the  waters  rise  mounds  of  grass  as  verdant  as 
any  that  ever  waved  by  the  banks  of  the  Hooghly,  or 
adorned  the  American  plains.  The  sheds  are  deserted, 
and  feeding  on  the  tender  shoots  which  have  sprung 
up  with  such  marvellous  rapidity  under  their  feet  are 
thousands  of  sheep,  which  bask  in  the  glow  of  the 
evening  sun,  or  browse  on  the  sweet  young  grass,  as 
their  fancy  directs. 

An  Australian  Valley. — About  46  miles  from 
Sydney,  on  the  Blue  Mountain  Railway,  is  a  place 
which,  if  situated  in  Europe,  would  annually  attract 
thousands  of  tourists  and  pleasure-seekers.  It  is 
known  as  "The  Valley,"  and  is  a  lovely  vale  of 
grassy  undulating  land,  lightly  timbered  and  well 
watered,  presenting  quite  an  English  park-like 
appearance  ;  but  instead  of  huge  gnarled  Oaks, 
Beeches,  and  I'^lms,  we  have  here  colossal  Euca- 
lyptus, and  other  majestic  indigenous  timber,  while 
the  rocks  with  which  the  gullies  are  faced  are 
everywhere  clothed  with  a  wealth  of  Ferns  in  im- 
mense variety  ;  Gleichenias,  Adiantums,  Dicksonias, 
Pterts,  and  a  host  of  other  forms  valued  by  collectors, 
may  Jje  gathered  here  in  waggon-loads.  If  the  fortu- 
nate owner  of  an  acre  of  this  country  could  but 
transport  its  vegetation  unimpaired  to  London  or 
Paris,  he  would  quickly  find  himself  a  moderately 
wealthy  man.  Gleichenias,  and  other  rare  varieties 
which  abound  here,  are  frequently  sold  in  Lon- 
don at  from  3  to  10  guineas  per  plant.  In  the 
spring,  and  during  the  early  summer  months,  some 
of  the  most  beautiful  members  of  the  mountain  flora 
are  in  full  bloom.  The  Waratah  (Telopia  speciosis- 
sima),  Eriostemons,  Boronias,  Correas,  Indigoferas, 
Heaths,  Dilwynias,  and  many  others,  are  radiant  with 
blossom,  while  the  Selaginellas  and  mosses  every- 
where abound,  giving  life  and  incident  to  the 
' '  Zigzag  paths  and  juts  of  pointed  rocks, " 
to  the  beauties  of  which  ^nly  a  Kendall  could  do  full 
justice.  Sydney  Paper, 


July     9.— Dull  day,  sun  shining  at  times. 

—  10. — Very  fine  day. 

—  1 1 . — Very  fine  d.iy. 

—  12.— Rain  in  early  morning,   faint  gleams  of  sunshine 

at  intervals.     Dull  day. 

—  13.— Dull  daj',  fine  and    bright  occasionally,  thunder- 


1  betw 


andi 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDOA, 
Fob  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Jlly  15,  1885. 


Hygrome. 

trical    De- 
ductions 
from 

THE  Air. 

Wind. 

Glaisher's 

Tables  6th 

a 

Edition 

. 

Q 

5 

1 

s 

1 

z 

g 

^c     li. 

s° 

■  L  ■  ■ 

rl 

s 

Mean  Rea 

Reduced 

32"  Fah 

Departure 

£ 

^ 

S 

1^ 

0 

Q 

July 

I„. 

In. 

0  j  . 

o 

In. 

9 

30.01 

+030 

73  847  s 

26.3 

596 

-2.5 

43  3 

59 

s.w. 

o.oo 

10 

29  97 

+0.6 

84.349  9 

34-4 

65.5 

+  4-3 

47-4 

SI 
S6{ 

E. 
S.W.; 

0.00 

II 

2983 

+003 

S3  3  52.0 

33.3 

686 

+  6.3|52.2 

S.S.W. 

0.00 

12 

29  87 

+  005 

68.057.8 

10.2 

60.6 

-  I.SS4.6 

8.] 

W.NW 

0  41 

13 

298; 

+  0  0 

^74  ,',4,20.0 

61.5 

-  1.049.2 

6S 

S.W. 

„ 

+  0.2 

,8.7 

-  3-9  44  7 

,8 

N.W. 

o.oo 

48{ 

IS 

30.01 

+  0.1 

77.050  826.2,63.9 

+  0.243,3 

S.S.W.  o.oo 

Mcar 

29  9) 

+  0.1 

'76  451.624.862.6 

+  0.248.1 

6o 

S.W.    043 

-Fine  and  bright  mostly. 
-Very  fine  day. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressttre.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  II,  tlie  reading  of  the  barometer 
increased  from  30.20  inches  at  the  beginning  of 
the  weelc  to  30.27  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  6th, 
decreased  to  30.09  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  8;h, 
increased  to  30.22  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  gth, 
decreased  to  30.17  inches  by  I  r.  M.  on  the  9lh, 
increased  to  30  20  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  loth, 
and  was  29.96  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.16  inches,  being  o.o5 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  o.  iS  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  85°. 3,  on  the  Ilth  ;  on  the  8th 
the  highest  was  72°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  79°. i. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47*.  5,  on  the  9th  ; 
on  the  5th  the  lowest  temperature  was  57*- 2.  The 
mean    of    the   seven   low   night    temperatures    was 

53°- 5- 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
34°. 4,  on  the  io!h  ;  the  smallest  was  I5°.5  on  the 
Sth.     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  25'.  6. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  5th,  66".  9  ; 
on  the  6th,  6S°.3  ;  on  the  7ih,  62°. 7  ;  on  the  Sth, 
6i°.3  ;  on  the9th,  59'. 6  ;  on  the  loih,  65°.5  ;  and  on 
the  nth,  6S°.6;  of  these  the  5th,  61b,  7th,  loth,  and 
nth,  were  above  their  averages  by  5^.4,  6".7,  0°.9, 
4°.3'and  6'.3  respectively;  and  the  Sth  and  gih  were 
below  their  averages  by  o°.7  and  2°. 5  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  65°, 
being  4°. 5  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°.9  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  142°,  on  the  loth.  The  mean  of  the  seven  read- 
ings was  I3i''i. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  34'.$,  on  the  glh.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  41°. 9. 

Rain. — 0°.02  inch  fell  on  the  Sth, 

England  :  Temperature .—Vimmg  the  week  end- 
ing July  II,  the  highest  at  Blackheath  was  85°. 3,  at 
Cambridge  S3°.S,  at  Sheffield  So°.  ;  the  highest  at 
Bolton  was  70°.8,  at  Preston  71°,  at  Liverpool 
71^.3.     The  general  mean  was  76^. I. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  38'  at  Truro,  40°.5 
at  Wolverhampton,  44°. 2  at  Bolton  ;  the  lowest  at 
Newcastle  was  52°,  at  Preston  51°,  at  Brighton 
4g\5.     The  general  mean  was  46\6. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  3S'  at  Cambridge, 
37°.S  at  Blackheath,  36°  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the 
smallest  ranges  were  20°  at  Preston,  22^.4  at  Liver- 
pool, 24°  at  Newcastle.  The  general  mean  was 
29°.  5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  80°,  at  Blackheath  79°.  I,  at 
Leeds  74° ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  66°.2,  at 
Liverpool  66°.7,  at  Preston  67°.6.  The  general  mean 
was  7i°.7- 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Newcastle,  54°.6,  at  Leeds  53°.  9,  at 
Brighton  53°. S  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  47°.6,  at 
Wolverhampton  47°.7,  at  Truro  49°.3.  The  general 
mean  was  5i°.5. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
29°.7,  at  Blackheath  25''.6,  at  Sheftield  25°  ;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  I3°.S,  at  Preston  14°,  at  Plymouth 
16°.     The  general  mean  was  20". 2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
65°,  at  Cambridge  63°.  2,  at  Leeds  62°.  I  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Bolton,  55°,  at  Truro  57°,  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton 57°.S.     The  general  mean  was  59°.7. 

Rain.—Tht  largest  falls  were  i.oi  inch  at  Liver- 
pool, 0.79  inch  at  Bolton,  0.49  inch  at  Newcastle  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  o.oi  inch  at  Cambridge  and 
Bradfard,  and  0.02  inch  at  Blackheath.  The  general 
mean  was  0.26  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  II,  the  highest  temperature  was  74°.?,  at 
Dundee;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was  68°. 
The  general  mean  was  7i°.9. 


July  i8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


91 


The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  41°,  at 
rerth  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  47°.  3. 
The  general  mean  was  45°.  9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith, 
6i°.5;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow,  S7°.8,  The  general 
mean  was  59°.S. 

Kain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.63  inch,  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.06  inch  at  Edinburgh. 
The  general  mean  was  0.3S  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  13,  1SS5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  has  been  ralher  dull, 
unsettled,  and  showery  over  the  greater  part  of  Ire- 
land and  Scotland;  but  in  England,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  some  local  showers  in  the  south-east  towards 
the  end  of  the  period,  it  has  continued  fine  and 
bright. 

The  temperature  has  about  equalled  the  mean  for 
the  season  in  "  Scotland,  E.,"and  "  England,  N.E," 
but  in  all  other  districts  it  has  been  below,  the  deficit 
varying  from  1°  or  2°  in  the  north-east  and  south  to 
between  3"  and  5°  in  the  west  and  south-west.  The 
maxima,  which  were  generally  recorded  on  the  loth, 
ranged  from  66°  to  73'  in  Scotland,  from  67°  to  72° 
in  Ireland,  and  from  So°  to  83°  over  southern,  cenltal, 
and  eastern  England.  The  minima  were  registered 
either  on  the  gth  or  I3lh,  when  the  thermometer  fell 
as  low  as  33°  in  "  England,  S.V/."  (at  Llandovery), 
to  39°  in  the  "Midland  Counties,"  and  to  between 
40°  and  44°  in  all  other  districts  except  the  "  Channel 
Llands,"  where  51°  was  the  lowest  reading. 

The  ;a/»/;2-'/ has  been  ralher  more  than  the  mean 
in  "  Scotland,  N."  and  "  Ireland,  N.,"  but  less  in  all 
other  districts.  A  very  heavy  fall  occurred  in  the 
extreme  west  of  Ireland,  on  the  night  of  the  loth. 

Bright  sunshine  does  not  differ  materially  from  that 
recorded  for  the  previous  week,  the  percentages  of  the 
possible  duration  varying  from  60  in  the  "Channel 
Islands  "  and  between  50  and  52  in  most  parts  of 
England  to  26  in  "  Ireland,  N.,"  and  24  in  "  Scot- 
land, N." 

Depressions  observed.  —  During  nearly  the  whole  of 
this  period  the  barometer  was  highest  over  the  south- 
ern and  south-eastern  parts  of  our  area,  with  depres- 
sions moving  in  a  north-easterly  direction  some 
distance  to  the  north-westward  and  northward  of 
Scotland.  Local  irregularities  of  pressure  were  occa- 
sionally observed  over  our  islands,  but  the  only 
depression  worthy  of  notice  was  a  well-defined  sub- 
sidiary which  passed  north-eastwards  over  our  extreme 
north-west  coasts  on  the  nth.  Fresh  or  strong 
southerly  to  south-westerly  winds  were  very  general 
on  our  western  and  northern  coasts,  but  in  the  south 
and  east  light  or  moderate  south-westerly  to  westerly 
breezes  were  most  prevalent. 


dBuqui: 


rics. 


"  He  that  qiicstioneth  much  shall  leant  much" — BacoN. 

Gum  Cistus. — I  should  feel  much  obliged  if  any  one 
would  send  nie  a  flowering  spray  of  the  Gum  Cistus  (C. 
ladaniferus)  as  figured  in  Sweet's  Ctstinccr,  No.  i.  In 
the  plant  I  want  to  see  the  leaves  are  narrow,  clammy, 
and  almost  sessile,  with  a  large  solitary  terminal  flower, 
pure  white,  with  dark  spot  at  the  base  of  each  petal. 
Henry  N.  Ellacombe,  Bitton  Vicarage. 

Pkeserving  Rose  Blooms.  — Will  any  one  kindly 
inform  me  how  I  can  preserve  Rose  blooms  to  fill  a  large 
bowl?  What  cones,  seeds,  leaves,  &c.,  would  be  suit- 
able to  mix  with  tliem,  and  what  process  they  should 
be  subjected  to  so  as  to  emit  a  pleasant  odour  during  the 
winter  months  ?   W.  Comfort. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Clematis  ;  W.  K.  You  will  do  better  to  send  flowers 
and  foliage  to  some  of  the  nurserymen  who  raise  these 
plants.  We  cannot  name  florists'  varieties  from  single 
flowers. 

Creeping  Jenny:  C.  W.  It  is  the  common  English 
name  of  Lysimachia  nummularia,  sometimes  called 
Moneywort. 

Diseased  Chrysanthemum  :  G.  G.  P.   Next  week. 

Gardenias  :  J.  IVilliaius.  They  are  very  badly  in- 
fested with  aphides.  Try  some  of  the  well-tried 
insecticides,  applied  with  a  sponge,  so  as  to  thoroughly 
cleanse  the  foliage  ;  and  for  the  future  keep  the  insects 
in  check  by  fumigation,  &c. 


Insects  on  Strawberries  :  G.  Paton.  The  frothy 
masses  observed  on  your  Strawberries  are  deposited 
by  the  larvae  of  one  species  of  Frog-hopper  (Aphro- 
phoea  spumaria).  It  is  ejected  (rom  their  bodies  for 
their  protection.  If  you  push  aside  the  froth— which, 
by  the  way,  is  nothing  more  than  minute  bubbles  of 
water— a  small,  soft,  whitish  body  will  be  found 
therein,  which  has  the  power  ol  jumping,  by  means  of 
its  hind-legs,  immense  distances. 

Monstrous  Begonia  :  R.  F,  S.  It  is  not  very  unusual 
for  the  upper  leaves  to  become  petaloid.  We  have 
figured  some  much  more  extraordinary  examples  of  the 
kind  in  former  volumes. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A.  S.  Abelia  triflora. — The  Sur- 
I't-yor.  Tor^iuav.  Mesembryanthemun^edule. —  W.  S. 
2,  Melica  ciliata.  —  Orchidomaniac.  Chelidonium 
majus,  not  Thalictrum  ;  Epipactis  latifolia  variety. — 
P.  J.  H.  I,  Silene  ;  2,  Kalniia  latifoha  ;  3,  Phila- 
delphus  coronarius  ;  4,  Galega  officinahs  var.  alba  ; 
5.  Borago  oflicinalis. — A.  G.  Celsia  cretica. — A.  H. 
S.  Lonicera  Ledebourii,  hardy  shrub. — Notts,  i, 
Scabiosa  arvensis ;  2,  Lathyrus  pratensis  ;  3,  Scab- 
iosa  columbaria  ;  4,  Epilobium  parviflorum. — J.  M. 
Cotoneaster  frigida. — X.  Y.  Z.  i,  Avena  flavescens  ; 
2,  Airacxspitosa. — ''J ohji  Leinan .  Eucharisamazonica. 
Double  flowers  are  by  no  means  of  rare  occurrence  ; 
yours  results  from  the  union  of  two  flowers  :  you  are 
not  likely  to  be  able  to  perpetuate  it.  —  J.  Earl. 
Stanhopea  saccata  ;  Epidendrum  selligerum. —  W.  H. 
I,  Aerides  aftine  var.;  2,  Odontoglossum  Schleiperia- 
num  :  ^.  Epidendmm  Grahami  ;  4,  Epidendrum 
"  speciosa. — .S".  M.  1   and   2, 

3,  Inula  Hodk&n.—Ficus. 
2,  Pentstemon  procera. — 
rmmi  niacrophyllum  ;  2,  Aco- 
litum  thehphonum  ;  3,  Gladiolus  segetum  ;  4.  Eu- 
phorbia sp. ;  5,  Euphorbia  dulcis  ;  6,  Mulgedium 
alpinum. 

Orchids  at  the  Floral  Committee  :  H.  We 
cannot  publish  your  letter,  dealing,  as  it  does,  with 
what  should  be  discussions  at  the  committee.  The 
committee  may  have  had  good  reasons  for  what  they 
did,  and  their  refusal  to  give  a  certificate  on  this  occa- 
sion does  not  necessarily  indicate  that  they  thought  ill 
of  the  plant,  .\nother  time,  when  in  better  condition, 
they  may  give  the  award.  The  same  post  brought  us 
a  complaint  the  exact  opposite  of  yours,  and  saying 
that  annuals  and  seedlings  of  biennials  and  perennials 
were  passed  over  in  favour  of  Orchids. 

Pea  :  E.  C.  C.  D.  The  so-called  Mummy,  or  Crown 
I'ea,  a  fasciated  v.iriety.  The  mummy  story  is  all 
nonsense. 

Tomatos  and  Small  White  Fly  :  Amateur.  Fumi- 
gate with  tobacco-paper,  or  use  liquid  insecticides,  at 
siiort  intervals. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  4r,  WeUington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Thomas  Methven  &  Sons,  Edinburgh— Dutch  Flower 
Roots. 

Eugene  Vervaet  de  Vos,  Indian  Azalea  Nursery, 
Swynaerde,  near  Ghent— Autumn  Catalogue. 

Peter  van  Velsen  &  Sons,  Hontvaart,  Haarlem- 
Dutch  Flower  Roots. 


fragrans  ;    5,   CEnothera 
Cnicus    heterophyllus  ; 
r,    NeiUia    opulifolia  ; 
I,  Chrysanthe 


H.  K. 


.CATION'S   RecBlvED.-H.-A.  W.-J.  J.  W.-H.  v.. 

V.  B.— T.  S.  T.— W,   R.— J.   F.  (next  week).— Rev. 

Rydc.— J.  M.— F.  v.  M.— H.  Correvon,  Geneva.— 
a.,  till  Ihurn,  british  Guiana.-J.  Hart,  Jamaica.— H.  G.— 
Marples  &  Co.— M.  .\.  L.-E.  B.,  Orbe,  Switzerland.- W. 
F.— J.  G.— W.  T.  C— W.  O.  H.— Sir  J.  L.— S.  H.-AIph. 
dc  Candolle,  Geneva.— J.  B.  M.  (next  week).— G.  F.  W.— 
llley  &  Sankey,  shortly. 


llarhcts. 

COVENT   GARDEN,    July    16. 
With  heavy  supplies,  and  demand  falling  oft",  prices 
are  again  lower,    our  market  all  round  being  heavy. 
James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Cherries,  J^-sieve 
Currants,  red,  J4-5 
—  black,  ^-sievi 
Figs,  per  dozen 


:  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d 
Lemons,  per  case  ..15  0-35  1 
Melons,  each  . .  2  o-  3  < 

Peaches,  per  doz.  . .  20-81 
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb.  2  o-  3  ( 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  6-  5  < 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  03-0; 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

Asparagus,  English, 
per  bundle 

Beans,  Eng.,  per  lb. 

Beet,  per  dozen 

Cabbages,  per  dozen 

Carrots,  per  bunch . . 

Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, spring,pcrdoz. 

Celery,  per  bundle.. 

Cucumbers,  each    . . 

Endive,  per  dozen  . . 

Garlic,  per  lb.  .. 

Herbs,  per  bunch   . . 

POTATOS. — English,  r 


Horse  Radish,    bun. 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz. 

—  English  Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch..  1 
Mushrooms,  basket.. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  I 

—  Spring,  per  bun.  1 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .   < 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  dozen  : 


all 


punnet 

Spinach,  per  bushel  40-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..10-.. 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  06-.. 

J  g^. ;  Jerseys,  Zs.  to  qs.  per  cwt. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholes, 


Aralia  Sicboldi,  doz.  6  0-24  o 
Arbor-vita;    (golden). 

per  dozen  . .         . .   6  0-18  o 
—  (..uninion),    dozen  6  0-12  o 
per  dozen  4  0-12  o 


l;<,uv 

Cake 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  per  dozen  4  < 
Hydrangeas,  dozen. .12  i 
Liliv 


rias,  doz.    . . 
,  per  dozen.. 


doz< 


per 


Euonym.,in' 
Evergreens, 


,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


—  longifolium,  doz.  18  t 
Lobelia,  per  doz.  . .  3  < 
Marguerite      Dai>y, 

per  dozen  . .         . .   8  < 
Musk,  per  dozen     . .  2  < 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    6  ( 
Palms     in     variety, 
I      each  ..         ..21 

dozen 

—  scarlet,  dozen    . 
Rhodanthe,  per  do; 

I  Spircea,  per  dozen  . 


per 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  20-4* 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  30-6. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  00-11 
Carnations,  12  bun...  20-41 
—  r2  blooms  . .  10-21 
Cornflower,    12  bun.  20-41 


2  blooms  ] 
Lapatieria,  white,  12 

blooms       ..  ..   ! 

—  red,  12  blooms  . .    : 
Lilium    longifiorum, 


!  bio 

bunche: 
—  12  blot 
Marguerite 


ndiduir 


0  6-  r  . 
30-6. 

1  6-  3< 


Pinks,  var.,  12  bun.  1  o-  . 
Primula, double,  bun.  o  9- 
Khodanlhe.  12  bun.  6  o-  1 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  1  o- 

—  coloured,    dozen  2  o-  , 

—  per  doz.  bunches  2  o-  1 

—  Moss.  12  bun  . .  20- 
Spira^a,  12  bunches..  6  o-  ' 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  .20-, 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  2  o- 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

bunches  ..  ..40-1 
Tropseolum,  12  bun.  r  o- 


SEEDS. 

■  London  :  July  15.- The  market  for  farm  seeds  still 
remains  quiet  and  uninteresting.  New  seeds  of  various 
kinds  are  coming  to  hand,  the  present  weather  being 
favourable  for  harvest  operations.  Samples  of  this 
season's  Rape  seed,  Treloil,  white  Clover,  and  Tri- 
tolium  incarnatum  have  been  shown,  but  values  are  not 
yet  fi.xed.  French  dealers  continue  to  ask  such  high 
rates  for  their  Trifolium  that  business  is  prohibited. 
Hemp  seed  continues  cheap.  Canary  seed  remains 
steady,  with  but  a  small  business  passing.  There  is  a 
firmer  feeling  for  feeding  Linseed.  John  Shaw  if  Sons, 
Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  B.C. 


CORN. 

At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  prices  for  Wheat  remained 
about  where  they  were  on  the  preceding  Monday,  though 
supply  of  native  produce  was  light.  For  foreign  Wheat 
and  flour  buyers  showed  more  reserve  in  their  opera- 
tions. On  the  other  hand,  there  was  no  pressure  to 
sell.  Perhaps  Maize  and  Oats  tended  more  decidedly 
in  favour  of  buyers  than  last  reported.— On  Wednesday 
there  was  very  little  inquiry  for  any  kind  of  grain  ;  but 
on  disquieting  news  from  Central  Asia  rather  a  firmer 
feeling  became  apparent,  and  some  business  was  done 
in  Wheat  and  flour  at  Monday's  prices.  Barley  was 
slack,  and  Maize  continued  quiet.  Beans.  Peas,  and  Oats 
were  quiet  and  unchanged.— Average  prices  of  corn  for 
the  week  ending  July  it  :— Wheat,  33^.  81/.;  Barley, 
28J.  81/.  ;  Oats,  22J.  4./.  For  the  correspondmg  period 
last  year  ;— Wheat,  36^.  <jd.  ;  Barley,  28r.  2d. ;  Oats, 
2y.  id.  

CATTLE. 

At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  the  catde  trade  was 
dull,  and  prices  mostly  rather  lower.  Sheep  and  lambs 
sold  without  alteration,  and  calves  with  great  difficulty 
at  previous  rates.— Quotations : — Beasts,  31.  loi^.  to 
4J.  lod.,  and  51.  to  S'-  6d.  ;  calves,  3J.  81/.  to  51.  ; 
sheep,  4s.  4rf.  to  5^..  and  sr.  4./.  to  sr.  lorf.  ;  lambs, 
S.I.  Sd.  to  6s.  6d.  :  pigs,  4s.  to  4r.  6rf.— Thursday's  cattle 
trade  was  very  quiet.  The  tendency  Wiis  weak.  Supplies 
were  tolerably  good  for  a  Thursday,  and  were  ample  for 
the  demand,  Both  be<asts  and  sheep  moved  off  quietly, 
at  barely  Monday's  prices.  Lambs  were  dull.  Calves 
were  only  saleable  on  lower  terms,  and  pigs  were  weak. 

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
was  dull,  with  fair  supplies.  —  Quotations  :— Clover, 
prime,  8oj.  to  zojs. ;  prime  second  cut,  851.  to  107J.  ; 
inferior.  6or.  to  75^.  ;  hay,  prime.  70J.  to  97J.;  interior, 
4or.  to  60s. ;  and  straw,  261.  to  38J.  per  load.— On  Thurs- 
day there  w.as  a  moderate  supply  on  sale.  Best  hay  was 
in  demand,  and  rather  dearer,  otherwise  there  was  no 
change.— Cumberland  Market  quotations  ;— Clover,  best, 
8sr.  to  losr.  ;  inferior,  60J.  to  Boj.  ;  hay,  best,  841.  to 
97r.  6d.  ;  inferior,  405.  to  7or.  ;  and  straw,  30s.  to  361. 
per  load. 

POTATOS. 

The  Borough  Market  report  states  that  with  fair  sup- 
plies there  was  a  steady  demand,  at  the  following  prices  : 
—Early  Roses,  ^4  5J.  to  j/,4  lor.  ;  Shaws,  £6  to  £6  los. ; 
Kidneys,  £7  to^S  per  ton. 


Qovernment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  100  to  tooj  for  both  delivery  and  the  account.  Tues- 
day's figures  were  looj  to  looj  for  both  transactions. 
Wednesd.ay's  final  quotations  were  98^  to  99  for  both 
delivery  and  the  account  ;  and  business  on  Thursday 
closed  at  99J  to  99^  for  both  transactions. 


92 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  1885. 


DOULTON   &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,    LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,    PEDESTALS.    FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN    EDQINOS,    &c., 

IMPERISHABLE '"terra    COTTA. 


Plain  and  \ 

Ornamental 
FaTlngB. 


Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c., 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,   LAMBETH  FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

N E W  SILICON  WARE. 

Show  Booms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E, 

TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finesTand 
m)bt   effective,    14  lb.  for  gj.  ;    28  ib.,    i8f.  ;    cwt.  -JOS. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Koad.  Clapton,  E. 


ho 


Made  of  prepared  Hair  and  Wool,  a  y  .  , 
perfect  non-conductor  of  heat  or   /  ^^ 
cold,  keeping  a  fixed  tempera-   /MD 
ture  where  it  is  applied.  //^ 

"  I  have  just  laid  out  about  14,003     / m\J 
plants,  aid  keep  the  greater  part    /  ^^ 

-jVV    To  be  had 

>  '  /    3  yards  and 
4  yards  wide, 
of  all   Nursery- 
men and  Florists, 
from    the    Sole 
' jC^/     Proprietor  and  Maker, 

'x/ BENJAMIN  EDGINGTON 

'  ^*/  2,  DUKE  STREET, 

'  Jy/     LONDON    BRIDGE,    S  E. 

',^^  /        Ask  for  "  Frlgl  Domo,"  and  Bee 
'^       '     tliat  It  Is  stamped   "  Frlgl  Domo," 
Registered  Trade  Mark. 


years,  and  every  one  ' 
sees  my  plants  is  astonishe 
to  sec  how  healthy  and 
well  they  are  without 
the  use  of  glass. 

—  Prom  a  —         /  Q 
GARDENER,        ^   ^ 
October  ; 


^TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 

-*-  Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  at/,  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.  BLACKBURN  and  SONS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street 
London,  E.C. 

TANNED    GABDEN    NETTING. 

I  yard    wide  ..     y^d.  per  yard  |  3  yards  wide  ..   2%d,  per  yard. 

3  yards  wide  .  .    i%6.  per  yard  1  4  yards  wide  . .   31/.      per  yard. 

500  yards  and    upwards  delivered  free  to  any  part. 


QBEENH0T7SE    SHADINGS- 

SCRIM,     TIFFANY    and     COTTON      NETTING. 
A  set  of  samples,  with  prices,  post-free. 


RUSSIA    MATS,    RAFFIA,    TOBACCO  PAPF.R,    PEAT, 

SILVER  SAND,  COCOA  FIBRE  REFUSE, 

GARDEN    TOOLS,  &c.,   at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 


Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  foslfri 


application. 


NETTING. 


JAMES    T.    ANDERSON, 

149.  Commercial  Street,  Shoredltch,  London,  E. 

GARDEN 

S.      A.      SANDS 

(Successor  to  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds.  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 

Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM, 
ELEVEN  SILVER       iSl^tJa  MEDALS. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 

f-t  WESTON-surHR-MARB.  Manufacturer  ol  TERRA- 
COTTA VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS, 
BORDER  TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  I  to  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  frost,  and  seldom  turn 
green;  ORCHID.  FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS. 
RHUBARB  and  SEAKALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  LIST  post-free.     Book  of  Designs,  is.  id. 


SPECIALLY   CHEAP   GLASS. 

Packing  Cases  free  and  ?tot  returnable. 
100  squares  Glass  at  the  following  Prices  In  Leeds  :— 

15  oz.  31-OZ  3J0  squares  15  OJ.,  8  by  6, 

3iby  8  for  loj.  od.  for  14J   od.      or  250  squares.  8i  by  6\, 


.  (d. 


l6t.  od. 
3or.  oaf. 


I70squai 


All  Glass  packed 
Intending  purchiic 


„    3SI.  orf. 
n  own  Wareho 
s  will  oblige  by 


s.  9  by  7*. 

■  by  8,  for  : 
■putty,  id  per  Ib.  ;  Paini 
ready  mi.xed,  in  i  lb.,  z  Ib 
4  lb,,  and  7  Ib.  tins,  at  sc 
perlb.  Oiher  sires  of  Gla! 
quoted  for  on  applicilion. 
use,  seldom  any  breakage, 
making  their  Frames  to  su 


(d. 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

Wholesale  Glass  Warehouse, 
Sand  10,  ALFRED  STREET.  BOAR  LANE,  LEEDS. 


Notice  to  Orchid  Growers,  &c. 

TEAK-WOOD,  for  Orchid    Baskets  ;    Teak- 
wood  TUBS,  for  Plant!  ;  Bamboo  CANE-i,  for  Slaking. 
P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer,  Dutton  Streer,  Liverpool. 

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKER, 

GARDEN  IMPLEMENT  MAKER. 

SWING       WATER       BARROWS. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  size 
ids  aiid  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  1 
A  large  stock    of  similar   curren 


)0  and  3CO  feet  boxes, 
ot    IG-OZ.    glass   in 


GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 

Stoci  List  ami  Friers  en  application.      Ouote  Ckronictt. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

JS  M  I  T  H' S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Cordeliers'  Magazine  says  ;— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  meiit."' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Slratford-on-Avon. 

ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Coik,     Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     CaneF,     Rustic 
Worlc,   Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN  PLANT  TRUCK  and  WHEELBARROW. 


CHAIRS  in  Rustic  Iron  Work. 

For  GARDEN  and  CONSERVATORY  WIRE  WORK, 

see  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

R.       HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON andWlRE  WORKER, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


Stand  120.— Royal  SHow  at  Preston— Stand  120. 

I     SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT. 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 


Horse  Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

side  Delivery. 


30s. 


ios. 


503. 


PRICES  (Including  Grass  Box). 
60s.    70s.    90s.     110s.    130s. 


First  Prize 

at  each  of  the 

3  Great  Contests 

BIRMINGHAM, 
MANCHESTER 
and   LONDON. 


150s.    170s.    190s. 


Is  the 

BBS  T 

in  the  Market 


VIDE 
RESULTS 

CONTESTS. 

side  DeUyery. 

30-in.       ^6  in.       42-in. 

£23    £26    £30 


Sole   Makers:   JOHN   CROWLEY  &  CO.,   Sheffield. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS.  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Green.houses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  th 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work 
and  that  thk  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     HOt- Water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guarantee 

in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock, 

Plans^  Estimatei  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  pari  of  the  Kingdom. 
Our  Maxira  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


TuLv  18,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


93 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


^Sj^^^ 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54^.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed    for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Eail  of  Esstx. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  ol  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


THE    IIVrPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULfC    RAM. 

This  useful  .^ell-aL•llng  Apparatus,  wnicn  worKS  aay  ana  nignt  Wltnout  neeaing  attenlion,  will  raise  water  to 
any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-power,  where  a  few  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  EstabUshmenls,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 

No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 

No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Steam  Power.  [GarHens.  &c. 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED    DOUBLE-ACTION    PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
■No.  493.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  5oand54<z.     F.^RM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hvdraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS.  WARMING  APPARATUS.  B.ATHS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  G.ASWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribuuon.  FIRE  MAINS,' 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  fart  0/  the  Country.       Plans  and  Eitimates  furniihed. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    mc    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    fo, 


1885. 
Months, 


commcncinsi  - 


_,  foi-  which  I  enc/osc  P. 0.0. 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  OfiBce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 


THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  y.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lu.  11,/.  ;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  ;— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  -id. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMAWND." 


94 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Qdly  i8,  i8 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ot 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

at  extrtniely  moderate  prices. 


Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  ispaliers,  &c. 

MATERIAL  for  WIRING  GARDEN  WALLS. 


EYES,  7<f.  perdoz.        HOLDFASTS,  with   3 

Winders,  7s.  per  dozen.  WIRE,  w.  per  ico  yards. 

C  A  T  A  L  OGU  E  free.     PUase  mxiue  this  pitprr. 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA      WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON, 
And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street.  London,  E.C. 

BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    THREE-QPARTER    PLATE 


BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.   465S) 
"  LUDGATE  ■'  WATCH, 

SILVER,  V  GOLD, 

£5  5s.    ,     1^     ^.£12  12s. 


Is  a  "Special   Stren-d,'   Silver   English   Lever,  my  best 
London  make,  with  TUrec-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

Jewelled  ikrou^hctit. 

Chronometer  balance,  with  damp  and  dust-proof 

Patent  ring-band,  and  extended  barrel,  in 

Massive  sterling  silver  dome  cases 

IVith  crystal  glass  front. 

li'tnds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 
The  superiority  in  value,  accuracy,  and  durability  of  the 
"  Ludgale  ■' Watch  overihe  Swiss  and  American  Keyless  and 
Non-Keyless  Watches,  made  in  imitation  of  and  SOld  as 
English  work,  and  the  ordinary  Full-plate  English  Waich  is 
enormous.  The  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  is  compact,  strong,  hand- 
some, and  durable.  Being  Three-Quarter  Plate,  it  is  superior 
in  value  and  appearance  to  any  X^io  Watch  sold,  and,  being 
compensated,  it  keeps  perfect  time ;  fitted  with  crystal  front,  it 
combines  the  strength  of  the  Hunter  and  convenience  of  the 
open  face.  Of  my  best  LondOn.  make,  it  will  last  a  lifetime, 
stand  rough  usage  of  al!  and  every  kind  without  damage,  and, 
being  made  in  three  sizes,  it  is  for  the  above  reasons  suited  for 
Home,  Indian,  and  Colonial  us©  by 

Gardeners,  Workmen,  and  Gentlemen. 

TJu  '-Ludgate"  Watch  is  Jar  superior 

To  any  Watch  at  tlu  price  yet  made,  and 

Will  he  ientjree  ami  zafe  at  our  risk 

To  all  pans  of  the  luorld/or  £s  ss.. 

Cash  or  P.O.O.  ;  or  in  hunting  cases,  £6  6s. 

Pru,'  in  18-Carat  gold,  crystal glaa cases. 

Twelve  Guineas. 
SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three  Oaarter  Plate  English  Watch  for  ^5  55.  in  Silver, 
or  ^12  i2i.  in  Gold,  and  ihat  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  Watchmaker  in  the  King- 
dom. Any  infrineement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  again-^t.  A  Book  explaining  the  advantages  of 
this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate  English  Watches  sold  by  all 
other  makers,  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  apphcation  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to   Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  E  C. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  ^2  10  J^^tx,  Gold  and 
Silver  JeweUeiy,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  and 
Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


ipi.ES  AND  Price  Lists  Free. 

Children's  1/5  I  H 

CAMBRIC  j=g;;..3;^ 

By  Appoint-  At 


Ladi< 


The  Carabri 


■  ot     RoBIl 


Gown  pfin-  POCKET 

cess  of  Ger-  world-widefaine." 

many.  Queen. 

...  cL....^Sitr^l    HANDKERCHIEFS 


PROTECT  YOUR  FRUITfrom  theBIRDS. 
when  you  can  get  18  square  yards  of  BEST  NETITNG 
or  14  yards  of  SECOND  QUALITY  NETTING  for  11.  This 
Net  has  been  through  a  process  to  preseive  it  from  the  sea, 
{hereby  making  it  better  than  new  Net,  but  is  shrunk  too  much 
for  my  fishing  puipose.  Supplied  any  width,  carriage  paid 
on  all  Orders  over  5s      Address, 

JAMES  GASSON,  Cinque  Port  Street,  Rye,  Sussex. 


105,000  Accidents. 

For  which  T»o  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cotnhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ^£260,000;  Premium  Income,  ;^235.ooo. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 

FISH  NAPKINS,  21.  iirf  per  dozen.     DINNER 

NAPKINS,  51.  6i.  per  doz.      TABLE  CLOTHS, 

ards  square,  2M  irf.    TABLECLOTHS. 

by  3  yards,  51.  iid.  each.       KITCHEN 

_  .  IBLE  CLOTHS,  n'.id.  each.     LINEN 

»  '^HF.ETING,  2-yds.  wide,  11.  no',  per  yard. 

%        1  INE  LINENS  and  LINEN  DIAPERS, 

_^q.  UAIVIAoK  LINEN,  S'iJ.  per  yard. 
I  INEN  DUSTERS.  31.  3./  per  dozen. 
(  I  ASS  CLOTHS,  4S.  6d.  per  doz.  Strong 
IRCKABACK  TOWELS,  41.  6,1"  dozen. 

TABLE  &  HOUSE  LINEN 


IRISH 


FIVE   GOLD 


FOR  PASTRY, PUDDINCSJEA- CAKES 
AND   WHOLESOME    BREAD. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER  (either  sleeping 
or  active),  wiih  Capital,  for  an  old-established  Nursery 
and  Seed  Business  in  ore  of  the  best  districts  in  England,  fo 
miles  from  London,  or  the  Business  may  be  purchased  on  easy 
terms.  Inspection  invited. — Communications,  in  first  instance, 
to  JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Forest  Hill,  S.E  ,  who  recom- 
mend this  as  a  good  opportunity. 

PARTNER  (sleeping  or  otherwise),  to  enlarge 
Florist  Nursery.  Doing  good  London  and  home  trade. 
Splendid  opportunity  to  invest  ;6400.  —  C,  C,  Florist,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


»  A  R  T  N  E  R  S  H  I  P   W  A  N  T  E  D.— The 

-L  Advertiser  is  seeking  for  a  Partnership,  in  a  Nursery- 
man's Business,  where  the  Growth  of  Conifers  and  Rhododen- 
drons is  the  special  feature.  Has  a  good  knowledge  of  the 
business.  Capital  at  command.  ;6500  to  XSoo.  References 
given  if  required. -A.  RANGER,  E>q.,  12.  Idol  Lane,  Great 
Tower  Street.  London,  E.C.  

Swansea  Burtal  Board— Appointment  of  Curator. 

THE  SWANSEA  BURIAL  BOARD 
REOUIKE  ihe  services  of  a  competent  M  in  to  act  as 
CURATOk  at  the  Danygraig  Cemetery.  Swansea.  The 
person  appointed  wilt  be  required  to  possess  a  knowledge  of 
Gardening,  and  will  be  responsible  for  the  General  Manage- 
ment and  condition  of  the  Cemetery.  Salary,  3or.  per  week. 
Applications  in  Candidates' oin  handwriting,  st.aling  age,  and 
accompanied  by  not  more  than  three  recent  testimonnls  as  to 
character  and  con.pelency,  and  endorsed  "CURATOR  of 
CEMETERY."  to  be  sent  to  my  Offices  not  later  than  Friday, 
the  24th  July  init.  JNO.  THOMAS,  Clerk. 
Town  Clerk's  OfTice,  Swansea.— July  10,  1ES5.     _        

ANTED,    a    HEAD    GARDENER,    to 

lake  charge  of  Greenhou-es  and  grounds  generally.  An 
energetic  man  required,  of  not  more  thrn  40  years  of  age.— 
G.  R.  S.,  Aston  Grounds  Co.,  Aston,  Birmingham. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  steady, 
active,  and  industrious  WORKING  GARDENER 
(one  other  kept).  Must  thoroughly  understand  Stove,  Feinery, 
and  Greenhouse  Wcrk,  and  the  Management  of  a  Large  Lawn 
and  F  iwer  Garden.  Will  be  required  to  Grow,  Train,  and 
Force  Plants  for  Decoration  of  Rooms  and  Conservatory  well, 
and  be  very  neat  and  tasteful  in  his  work.  Good  rooms  pro- 
vided.—Apply,  stating  when  available,  wages  required,  and  all 
particulars,  enclosing  copies  of  testimonials,  to  f.  B.  SAUN- 
DERS, Esq  ,  Eastchff,  Teignmouth. 


w 


WANTED,  a  thorough  practical  WORKING 
GARDENER,  to  take  charge  of  a  moderaie-sized 
Garden.  Must  uncerstand  Vines,  Wall  Fruit,  and  Stove  Plants. 
Cottage  found,  and  assistance  given  in  garden  —Address,  stat- 
ing age.  wages  required,  and  former  employment,  to  B.  G., 
Daneslield,  Walton-on-Thames. 

Gardener 

WANTED,  ,1  Man  and  his  W'ife,  without 
family,  as  GARDENER  and  LAUNDRESS.  Both 
thoroughly  good  and  experienced.  Assistance  given.  Vines 
and  Hothouses.  Good  wages  and  a  comfortable  dwelling. — 
Apply,  by  letter  to  R.  B.  P.,  Tonge  House,  York  Uoad, 
Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 


Nursery  Foreman  Wanted. 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  in 
a  Provincial  Nursery.  Must  be  an  expert  Biidder 
and  Grafter,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Fruit  Trees,  Evergreens, 
&c.,  and  be  competent  to  execute  orders.  Liberal  wages  offered 
to  a  suitable  man.  —  Apply,  stating  age,  reference,  &c., 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Cirencester. 


Lawn  Foreman. 

WANTED,  a  married  MAN,  about  30,  with 
snull  family.  He  must  be  a  good  Mower,  and 
understand  Roses,  Shrubs,  &c.  Wife  to  live  in  Lodge  and 
attend  to  Gate.  Must  have  an  excellent  character  from  last 
situaiion.— W.  OWEN.  Harrow  Weald  Park.  Stanmore. 

WANTED,  a  MAN  who  thoroughly  under- 
stands the  Forcing  of  Roses  for  Market  both  Pot  and 
Cut.  None  need  apply  who  cannot  give  good  references  both  as 
to  ability  and  character. — Apply,  by  letter  only,  stating  wages 
expected,  to  E.  WEATHERILL,  Woodside  Nursery,  North 
Finchley. 


WANTED,  an  active,  steady  MAN  to 
Grow  Plants.  Flowers,  Cucumbers,  &c.,  for  Market, 
in  a  Small  Nursery  of  seven  houses  near  a  large  town. — Apply, 
with  full  particulars,  to  HARRISON  and  SONS,  Seed  Mer- 
chants, &c..  Leicester. 


WANTED,  a  steady,  active,  married  MAN, 
without  family.  A  good  Grape,  Peach,  and  Mushroom 
Grower.  Cottage  on  the  premises,  situate  at  Peckham  Rye,  ?.  E. 
—  State  terms  to  EDWARD  BENNETT,  The  Vineyard, 
Potter's  Bar,  N. 

WANTED,  a  HAND,  used  to  Grow  Ferns 
for  Market.  Must  be  well  up  to  his  work  ;  and  an. 
other  used  to  PACKING  FLOWERS,  who  must  also  have  a 
general  knowledge  of  Inside  Work. — -Apply,  sending  references 
tosave  time,  to  MARSHALL  BROS,  and  CO.,  Nurserymen, 
B.itnham  Junction.  Bognor, 

W^ANTED,   a  good  ROSE  BUDDER,  for 
the  season.     Reference  as  to  ability  necessary. — Mr. 
WnODTHORPE.  Glazenwood  Nursery.  Braintree.  Essex. 


WANTED,    ONE    or    TWO     experienced 
BUDDE  KS  of  Fruit  Trees  and  Roses.— HUGH  LOW 
AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

ANTED,    a    good  "OUTDOOR    MAN, 

accustomed  to  Budding  and  Training.  A  permar.ent 
place  for  a  good  man.  —  State  wages,  experience,  and  age  lu 
Mf.  THOS.  RELFE.  Tivoli  Nursery,  Hastings. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  not  under 
24  years  of  age,  for  the  Houses,  to  work  under  the 
Foreman  ;  must  have  had  good  experience,  and  be  well  recom- 
mended. Wages,  soj.  per  week. — Apply,  with  full  pariiculars, 
to  J.  ANDERSON.  The  Gardens,  Streatham  Grove, 
Norwood,  London.  S.W, 

WANTED,  an  active,  experienced  SHOP- 
MAN, for  small  Seed  and  Florist  Business.— Must  have 
a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  Making-up  of  Cut  Flowers  ; 
shght  knowledge  of  Fruit  Trade  desirable. — Address,  with  par- 
ticulars.  W.  BARRACK,  Florist,  Kendal. 

A^T^ANTED,    a   young  or  middle-aged  man, 

»  T  with  a  good  general  knowledge  of  Trees  and  Plants,  to 
act  as  a  SALESMAN  and  an  ORDER  CLERK,  and  possibly 
to  occasionally  take  a  journey. — Applicants  will  please  furnish 
particulars  as  to  age,  experience,  &c. ,  in  their  own  handwritirg, 
to  RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  St.  John's  Nurseries, 
Worcester. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL     ORDERS— To    Advertisers, 

Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  fneans  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEW-VRDS,   BAILIFFS,  tr  GARDENi:RS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S,  High  Holborn.  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
pirticulars.  &c.-St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 

JL      MclNTVRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  hberty  to 

undertake   Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

rpo    NOBLEMEN,     GENTLEMEN,    &c., 

-L  requiring  smart,  sound,  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWARDS,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  Stc,  in  Obtaining  Men  specially 
suitable  for  their  requirements. -VICCARS  COLLYER  AND 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 

C^  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  thorough 
T  practical  experience  with  Orchids.  Plants,  Fruit  Forcing, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Excellent  characler.— H. 
P.AVNE,  t.  North's  Terrace,  Blackhorse  Lane,  Walthamstow. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.  — Married,  no  family  :  understands  his  pro- 
fession in  all  its  branches.  Good  character  from  last  and 
previous  employers. — T.,  i,  Langton  Terrace,  Sydenham.  S  F. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Understands  Early 

and  Late  Forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables. 
Fourteen  years'  character  from  last  employer. — L.  I'ANSON, 
Foxley,  Hereford. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.— Canon  Hole,  Caunton  Manor,  Newark-on. 
Trent,  recommends  H.  Dowding,  who  has  lived  with  him  fjr 
five  years,  as  well  qualified  in  every  way  for  the  situaiion  — 
Apply,  H.  DOWDING,  Ditchampton,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 


July  \S,  1S85.] 


r/I£     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


95 


GARDENER  (Head).  — Mr.  P.  C.  Hard- 
WICKE  wishes  to  highly  recommend  his  late  Head  Gar- 
dener, who  lived  fifteen  years  at  Hollandeo,  Tonbridge.  to  any 
one  requirmg  a  thoroughly  practical  man.  —  P.  C.  HARD- 
WICKE,  Esq.,  3,  Hereford  Gardens,  Park  Lane,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  35,  married  ; 
energetic,  thoroughly  understands  Eirly  and  Late 
Forcing,  Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kuchen  Garden, 
Estate  Alteraiion,  Planning  and  Laying-out  of  Grounds. 
Steady  and  respectable.  Good  character.— E.  G.,  Shobdon, 
Herefordshire. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Mr.  C.  Butters, 
for  the  last  ten  years  Head  Gardener  at  Luton  Hoo  Pa.k, 
Bedfordshire,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady.  Noblemtn, 
or  Genllman  wanting  a  thorough  practical  Gardener.  Can  ba 
highly  recommended  by  his  late  employer. — 25,  Woodpecker 
Road,  New  Cross,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (He.\d).— The  Rev.  Dr.  Bark- 
WORTH  can  highly  lecommsnd  his  Second  Girdener,  who 
has  lived  with  him  for  three  years,  and  is  only  leaving  because 
the  lodge  where  he  resided  is  otherwise  required,  and  because 
he  is  no*  qualified  for  a  belter  situation.— Rev.  Dr.  BARK- 
WORTH,  Larchwood,  Tonbiidge  Wells. 


GARDENER(He.;\d);  married,  I  daughter.— 
GsoRCE  PUNVARD  &  Co.  Will  be  happy  to  recommend 
a  first-rate  man  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
trustworthy  and  capable  Gardener,  who  can  have  fifteen  years' 
character.  Has  filled  positions  of  great  trust. — The  Old 
"     ,  Maidstone,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Married  ;  great 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Forcing,  Cultivation  of  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns  (British  and  exotic),  Kitchen  and 
Flower  Gardening,  and  Management  of  a  Large  Estate.  Six 
and  seventeen  years*  excellent  character  for  honesty  industry, 
and  sobriety.  Abstainer. -JAMES  CHESHER,  2,  Lime  Villa, 
Bell  Lane,  Hendon,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  36,  married,  no 
incumbrance.— tijWAKD  Oilman,  Gardener  lo  the  Earl 
of  Shrewsbury  and  Talbot,  can  confidently  recommend  a  man 
of  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Tropical  Plants  and  Fruit, 
Hardy  Fruit  and  Flowers,  and  Kitchen  Garden  ;  and  a  com- 
petent Manager  of  Lawns,  Flower  Garden,  and  Shrubberies. 
Testimonials  and  references  far  over  20  years. — logestre  Gar- 
dens, Stafford. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  27,  single,  Pro- 
testant.-Mr.  Ward.  Gardener  to  Lord  Windsor.  Hewell 
Grange,  Bromsgrove,  can  thoroughly  recommend  Howard 
Chesshire.  late  G.irdener  to  Mons.  Eckhardt-Fould,  Rue  de 
Havre.  Havre.  France,  as  above  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  sei  vices  of  a  thoroughly  experienced 
man  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Has  also  served  as  Fore- 
man several  years'  at  Chateau  du  Val,  Seine  et  Oise,  France, 
and  also  with  advertiser  in  the  extensive  Gardens  at  Hewell 
Grange.     Good  references.- .'Vddressas  above. 

C"^[aRDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age~32, 
^  mauied  ;  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  inall  branches. 
Three  years'  good  character  from  last  situation.— R.  E.  B., 
The  Gardens,  Orchard  House,  Erith,  Kent. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 

Scotch :  sixteen  years'  practical  experience  in  all 
branches,  lliree  years'  character  from  present  employer. — 
W.  M.,Crofton  Lodge  Cottage,  Orpineton,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married,  no  family  ;  good  practical  experience  in  all 
branches.  Good  references —GARDENER,  i,  Cavendish 
Cottages.  Centre  Avenue,  Aldershot. 

ARDENER"(He.\d  Working).— Age  38, 

married  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Orchids,  and  the  general 
Management  of  a  good  Garden.  Highest  references. — 
G.  LUCAS,  Strensham,  Tewkesbury. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  44, 
mrrried  ;  twenty-eight  years'  practical  experience.  Well 
up  in  Forcing.  Good  Graoe  Grower.  Can  also  Design  and 
Lay-out  Grounds.  Personal  character  if  necessary.  Abstainer. 
— W.  H.  M.,  Mr.  Smith,  Dorset  Street,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  28  ; 
married  when  suited  ;  understands  Gardening  in  all 
branches.  Three  years  in  present  situation,  and  can  be  highly 
recommended— W.  T.,  The  Gardens,  Wokefield  Park, 
Mortimer,  Reading. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27  ; 
thoroughly  understands  Grapes,  Peaches,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Ex- 
cellent character.— A.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Casino  House,  Heme 
Hill,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (HEAD  Working)  ;  age  30, 
single,  Scotch.— E.  M.  Browell,  Esq.,  highly  recom- 
mends the  advertiser  as  one  who  knows  his  work,  and  can  do 
it  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Two  years'  character. — 
J.  CAMPBELL,  4,  Hurst  Road,  East  Molesey,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  46, 
one  boy  (ten)  :  Scotch.  Welhexoerienced  in  Orchids, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Fruit  Growing,  i^c.  Could 
undertake  the  Management  of  Land  and  Stocic.  Wife  Dairy 
and  Poultry.- W.  ROSS,  The  Gardens,  King's  Hill,  Dursley, 
Gloucestershire. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  36, 

married  ;  twenty-four  years'  experience  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession.  Well-up  in  Orchids  and  Stove  Plants.  Satis- 
factory reasons  for  leaving.  Good  character  from  last  and 
previous  employers.— GARDENER,  Woodlands,  Nightingale 
Lane,  Balham,  S.W. 

GARDENErThead  Working),  or  FORE- 
MAN,  in  a  good  esublishment.  — Age  26,  single; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Abstainer.  —  R.  I 
WALTERS,  The  Gardens,  Clifton  Hall,  Nottingham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working  or  good 
Single-handed).- .\ge  27  ;  experienced  in  all  branches 
and  can  be  highly  recommended  from  last  situation.  State  all  par- 
ticulars and  wages  given.— G.  H.,  3,  Elgin  Terrace,  Catford. 


GARDENER  (Head),  or  PROPAGATOR 
and  GROWER  for  -Market-Age  26.  abstainer  ;  tho- 
roughly experienced  in  both  Private  and  Nursery.  Good 
references.  State  particulars. — A.  B.,  5,  Dyer's  Lane,  Upper 
Richmond  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

/T^ARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). — 

VT  Age  22  ;  well  up  in  Vines,  Peaches.  Stove  and  Green- 
house, Melons,  Cucumbers,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Can  be  well  recommended.- C.  TUCKER,  The  Gardens, 
Flower  House,  Southend,  Catford,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED  Or  Head 
Working). -Age  41  :  large  experience  in  all  brai  ches. 
Good  character.  —  A.  MACKiMURDO,  Halcyon  House, 
Enfield. 

(^ARDENER.— A   Gentlem.\n    wishes    to 

V-^  recommfend  his  Gardener,  who  understends  Gardening 
and  Glass  Culture  in  all  branches.- Z.  WILTON,  Esq., 
Winsor  House,  Beckton,  North  V/oohvich,  E. 


C^ARDENER  (Single-handed).— Age  30, 
-^  married,  one  child  ;  understands  Greenhouse,  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Does  not  object  to  Pony  or  Cow.  Wife 
to  attend  Poultry  if  required.  Two  years' good  character. — J. 
PAVELEY.  Duranl's,  Green  Street,  Enfield  Highway, 
Middlesex. 

/^ARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 

V^  help  is  piven — Age  31, "married  ;  thoroughly  experienced 
in  all  branches  of  the  profession.— J.  G.,  Gardener,  The  Grove, 
Gosport.  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
help  is  given. — Age  2S,  married  ;  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  its  branches.  Three  and  a  halt 
years'  good  character  from  present  situation. — W.  G.  S.,  Ware 
House,  Lyme  Regis.  Dor.et. 

/'JJ.ARDENER    (Single-handed),  or  where 

VJ  one  or  two  are  kept  :  age  28.  married.- H.  Nelson  can 
be  thoroughly  recommended  by  the  HEAD  GARDENER, 
Dailey  Abbey,  Derby. 

GARDENER    (good    Single-handed),   or 
where  help    is    given.— Age  27. —G.   G.,    Clay    Hill, 
Lambtrhurst,  Kent. 


GARDENER     (good    Single-handed).— 
Age  20  :  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.     Good 
character.- D.  WATKINS,  Etrathfieldsaye,  Winchfield,  Hants. 

(^ARDENER  (Second).— Age   26  ;    has    a 

V-^  praclical  knowledge  of  Vineries,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Seven  years*  character.  — L., 
Monksilver,  Taunton,  Somerset. 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment, or  good  Market  Place.— Young  and  active;  tho- 
roughly understands  the  Work.  First-class  character.— 
F.  WOODWARD,  Hadzor  Garden,  near  Droitwich, 
Worcestershire. 

GARDENER  (Second),  or  FIRST  JOUR- 
NEVMAN.-Age  24;  ten  years'  experience  in  all 
branches.  Three  years'  good  character  from  present  employer. 
-T.  HILL,  182,  Sunny  Hill  Road,  St/eatham,  Surrey,  S  W. 


G1.ARDK 
'  MAN.- 
branches  of  thi 
Cottage,  Ospringe,  Faversham,  Ki 


NER(SECOND),orgoodJOURNEY- 

-Age  22  ;  seven  years'  practical  experience  in  all 
profession.     Good  character.- M.  C,  Loreiiden 


G^ 


ROGERSON 


lNER    (Under). —  Age    20;    total 

ler.      Three  years'   good  character  from  present 
.  H  AWKES,  Widford,  near  Chelmsford,  Essex. 


NER  (Under),  in  the  Houses.- Age 

!i    years'    experience.       Gaod    refeience.  —  W 
,  Rose  Cottage.  Shepperton,  Walton-on-Thames. 


G" 


iNER   (Under),   or  where   two    or 

are  kept.-Has  worked  principally  in  the  Houses. 
;er.— C.  T.,  48,  Handcroft  Road,  West  Croydon, 


ARDENER  (UNDER),or  JOURNEYMAN, 

in  the  Houses.— Age  21  :  seven  years' experience.    Good 
ictcr.-J.  B.,  The  Grove,  Beckley,  near  Oxford. 


MANAGER.— Age  29;  thorough  practical 
Seedsman  and  Florist,  with  sixteen  years'  experience 
and  highest  testimonials,  will  shortly  be  open  for  re.engagement 
-A.  C,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsdltch,  E, 

"POREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 

-L  25  ;  has  lived  in  several  Noblemen's  Gardens.  Can  be 
well  recommended  from  last  and  previous  places  — G  S 
CAST,  6,  Calcutta  Terrace,  Taniworth. 

To  the  Trade! 

FOREMAN,  General  Nursery  or  Depart- 
mental.—Good  Plainsman,  Propagator,  and  Salesman, 
thorough  knowledge  of  Hardy  Herbaceous  Plants  — Z 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  G.arden,  WC. 

To  Head  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  moderate-sized  establish- 
ment ;  age  as.-The  Advertiser  desires  to  recommend  a 
reliable  man  as  above.— G.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Athelstan  Road, 
Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

OREMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  26  ;  used 

to  general  routine  of  Gardening,  bcth  Indoors  and 
Out.  Can  have  good  references  from  last  and  previous 
places.  Seven  years'  experience.  Abstainer.— T.  ASHLEE, 
Iver,  Bucks, 

"FOREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  the  Houses.— 

J-  Age  23  ;  nine  years' experience— two  in  present  situation. 
Can  be  well  recommended  from  present  and  previous  employers. 
—J.  CLARK,  The  Gardens,  Cole  Orton  Hall,  Ashby.de- 
la.Zouch. 

XpOREMAN,  or  SECOND.— Thirteen  years' 

J-  practical  experience  wilh  all  Fruits,  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plant<;,  Forcine,  and  other  branches.  Excellent  refer- 
ences.-A.  DICKINSON,  WUmington  Hall  Gardens,  Dart- 
ord,  Kent, 


F 


To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  PLANT 
GRO W  ER. — Has  had  good  experience  in  Slovc  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Vines,  &c.,  also  well  up  in  Floral  Decora- 
tions of  all  kinds.  —  l^ixteen  years'  experience.  Good  re- 
ferences.— A,  IJ  ,  7,  Goers  Lane,  Formby,  near  Liverpool. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN. —  Many  years' 
practical  experience  in  all  branches,  five  years  in  pre- 
sent situation  ;  satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving  ;  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  Landscape  Gardening,  Making  of  Plans,  &c.  Can 
be  well  recommended. -H.  H.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  132, 
Hounsditch,  London,  E. 

URSERY  FOREMAN    PROPAGATOR. 

-Well  up  in  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Plants,  Roses, 
Fruits.  Conifers,  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs.  Good  Sale,- 
man.  Six  years  in  present  employ. — T.  P.,  Tupsley  Nursery, 
Hereford. 

ORCHID  GROWER,  or  ORCHID  and 
PLANT  GROWER— Adveniser  wou'd  be  pleased  to 
communicate  wilh  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  gocd 
praclical  man.  Ha^  twelve  years' experience  in  above  capacilits. 
-G.  CYPHER,  F.Sander&Co., Orchid  Importers,  SLAlbans. 

To  Nurserymen,  Gentlemen,  &c. 
RUIT    GROWER.  —  Understands   Vines, 

Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  and  Tomatos.  Abstainer. 
-G.,  Child's  Hill  Farm  Nursery,  Child's  Hill,  Hendon,  N.W. 

JOURNEYMAN   (First),   in  a   good  esta- 

^  blishment. — Age  25  ;  ten  years' praclical  experience  in  all 
branches  Highly  recommended.  —  J.  K.,  The  Gardens, 
Strealham  Grove,  Norwocd,  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good 

^'  establishment.  —  Age  20  :  six  years'  experience.  —  A. 
SMITH,  Wichnor  Park.  Bujton-on-Trent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishmenl.— 

f-'  Age  22  :  well  recommended.  Total  abstainer.  — F. 
WALKER,  Hingham,  Attleboro'. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

^  Age  24  ;  good  charact;rs  from  previous  situations.  Total 
abstainer.— J.  JOHNSON,  7,  Laurel  Villas,  Lower  Edmonton, 
Middlesex. 

JMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.- Has  had  good 

J-  experience.  Good  character  and  references.  Bothy  pre- 
ferred^—XJL^^29A^Weste^^  Bath  Road,  Reading,  Berks. 

JMPROVER  ;  age  17.— T.  Hill, The  Gardens, 

-L  Durwards,  Witham.  wishes  to  obtain  a  situation  for  his 
son  as  above.  Five  years'  experience.  Total  abstainer.  Eothy 
preferred. 

JMPROVER.- Wanted,    by    a    young    man 

J-  (age  20)  wishing  to  improve  himself,  a  situation  in  a  large 
Nursery  under  a  Foreman.  Has  had  two  years'  Gratling, 
Budding,  Prunine,  Sic.  Good  character.— JOHN  MANSEY, 
Bridge  Square,  Farnham,  Surrey. 

O    HEAD    GARDENERS,   &c.— Wanted, 

by  a  young  man  of  experience,  a  situation  where  Flowers 
are  grown  with  great  spirit,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment  or  f,  r 
market.- G.  M.  N  ,  3^,  Norman  Road,  St.  Leonatds-on-Sea. 

'yO  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 

-L  ma  Gentleman's  garden  or  Nursery.  Age  19.  Four 
years  experience.-R.  B.,  9,  Devonshire  Place,  Chile's  Hill, 
London,  N.W. 


T 


T 


O  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Mr.  H.  Long- 

iKD,  The  Jephson  Gardens,  Leamington,  wishes  to 
recommend  a  young  man  for  Kitchen  Garden,  Pleasure  Grounds, 
or  both.  — For  particulars  please  address  as  above. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

MANAGER.— Capable  of  Managing  a  Large 
Florist's  or  Nursery  liusinf  ss.  Well  up  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession.  — First-class  hand  at  making-up  Wreaths, 
Crosses,  Bouquets,  Lady's  Sprays,  &C.-Q,  J,,  Gardeners' 
Ckronule  OHizii,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  or  ASSISTANT.— Age23;  seven 
and  a  half  years'  experience  in  all  departments  ot  the  Re- 
tail Seed  Trade,  also  good  general  knowledge  of  Plants  and 
Bulbs.  Six  i  ears  with  James  Veilch  si  Sons,  Chelsea.  First- 
class  references- S.  G.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Sons,  152,  Hounds- 
ditch.  London,  E. 


s 


To  Seedsmen  and  Florists, 
H  O  P  M  A  N    (Assistant,  or  Second).— 

Age  21 :  willing  and  obliging.      Good  references.— J.  B., 


CLERK,  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.— 
Thoroughly  experienced  in  both  branches.  Good  Corre- 
spondent and  Book-keeper.  Would  take  a  Journey  if  desired.^ 
M.  L.,  Gardeners'  ChronkU  Office,  41,  Wellington  Stieer 
Strand,  London,  W.C. 

TO     SEEDSMEN. —  Advertiser,     age    37, 

i  desires  a  situation.  Would  give  three  months  or 
Premium.  Quick  at  Nomenclature.  —  H.  A.,  20,  Arlington 
Road,  Camden  Town,  N,  W. 


HANDY  MAN,  on  a  Gentleman's  Estate.— 
Well    experienced    in    Plumbing,     Gas    Fining,    &c. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.— Nervous  Debility. 
—No  part  of  the  human  machine  requires  mare  watch- 
ing than  the  nervous  system— upon  it  hangs  health  and  life 
itself.  The^e  Pills  are  the  best  regulators  and  strengtheners  cf 
the  nerves,  and  the  safest  general  purifiers.  Nausea,  Headache. 
Giddiness.  Numbness,  and  Mental  Apathy  yield  to  them.  Ihey 
dispatch  in  a  summary  manner  those  distressing  Dyspeptic 
Symptoms,  Stomach  Pains,  Fulness  at  the  Pit  of  the  Stomach, 
Abdominal  Distension,  and  overcome  both  Capricious  Appetites 
and  Confined  Bowels— the  accompanying  signs  of  defective  or 
deranged  nervous  power.  HoUoway's  Pills  are  particularly  re- 
commended to  persons  of  studious  and  sedentary  habits,  who 
gradually  sink  into  a  nervous  and  debiliuted  state,  unless  some 
such  restorative  be  occasionally  taken. 


96 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  i8,  iSSj. 


Cucumber  Frames. 

KH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      1  hey  are  made  of  the  lest  malttialj,  ard  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       /  s.  d. 
2-lisht  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p,.|,i„-     (       3  to    o 
3-lieht  frame,  la  feet  by  6  feet  I  ""'"S     J        550 
6-liBht  frame,  =4  feet  by  6  feet )'-""'"' I     to     o     o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied   in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  p  t^  at  pr^p-^ttio^ately  low  prices. 

".  HALLlUAVAnnCO.,  Ho' house  P.ui'ders  and  Engineers. 


Royal  Ho 


1  W.irk^,  Middle! 


,  Manch  I 


BOULTON    &    PAUL, 

NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL      BUILDERS      AND 
HEATING  ENGINEERS, 


VILLA     GREENHOTTSES. 

Good  workmanship  and  lowest  prices  in  the 
Kingdom.  With  all  the  latest  improvements, 
best  materials,  ventilation  without  draughts, 
and  perfect  glazing. 


Estimates  and  Lists  post-free. 

Gentlemen  waited  upon  in  every  part  of  the 
kingdom.  References  to  every  county  in 
England.  Surveys  made.  Plans  and  Estimates 
prepared  for  any  description  of  Horticultural 
Buildings.  Hothouses  of  any  design  estimated 
for,  and  built  of  the  best  material  and  workman- 
ship, with  strict  regard  to  economy  in  price. 


New  CATALOGUES.  Post-free,  12  stamos. 


TCL^ftSSHeHSES&WEATING: 


B.W.WA-R«U-RST 


l^U,  BEAUTORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.^i 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULIURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,  -E  0 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  est  mates  for 
every  desciiption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  BunhiU  Row,  and  55.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


HORTICULTDBAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


JAMES     BOYD    <&    SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDLRSand 
HEATING   ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 
LONDON  OFFICE      48,  PaU  Mall,  S  W 


HOT-WATEB,    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIOHS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


O  tfl 

o  w 


s^ 


D 


EANE  k  CO.'S  GARDEN  FURNITURE 


LAWN     MOWERS, 

PER    CENT.     FOR    CASH 
OFF  MAKERS' PRICES. 
CARRIAGE  PAID. 
Stock. 


20 


GARDEN    HOLLERS. 

le  cast,  highly  finished,  and  well  titled, 
with  Balance  Handles. 


,  Ran 


SWING  WATER  BABROWS 

Stroogly  made,  with  Galvanised  Iroo 


STRONG  WOOD  BARROW, 

Well    constructed  of  seasoned   Elm,  well 
46J.  painted,  and  cheap.      Price,  ^^.  64. 

54*.     With  loose  top  (as  engraving)  ....    ■^zs.  6d. 


GARDEN    ENGINES. 

tjGallon    ....  631.  I  S4  Gallon  ....  »oj 
lOOallon    ....  aoj.  I  3oGallon  _  ..    ,201. 

SUBURBAN     SEAT 

(as  engraving),    strong    and   easy,   the 

cheapest  seat  made. 

Length,  5  feet,  175.  ;    6  feet,  igs, 

GARDEN  SEATS  in  Gkeat  Variety. 


BRONZED  IRON  TABLE, 

With  solid  Walnut  top. 
18  in.  diameter,  laf.  I  24 
2t  in.  diameter,  14J.  | 


l6i. 


Siumner  Houses,  Vases,  Water  Carts,  Wire  Netting,  HurtUes,  and  Tools  of  all  Descriptions. 

DEANE    AND    COS    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    OF    GARDEN    FURNITURE    GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 

All  Orders  sent  Carriage  Paid  to  any  RaUway  Station.     Discount  on  cash  payments. 


DEANE  &  CO.,  46,  King  William  Street,  LONDON  BRIDGE.  E.G. 


"FAWKES"    UNIVERSAL    RANGE. 

This  is  the  cheapest  r^oge  yet  introduced,  which  combines  first-class  workmanship,  practical  utility,  and  pleasing  appearance. 
It  may  be  used  as  two  Vineries  and  a  Plant  House;  or  Vinery,  Peach  House,  and  Stove;  or  Vinerv,  Melon  House,  and  Green- 
house ;  or  Slove,  Gteenhouse,  and  Vinery ;  or  Cucumber  House,  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  ;  or  Peich  House,  Cucumber  House,  and 
Stove  ;  or  Fernery,  PUmt  House,  and  Orchid  House  ;  or  as  various  other  combinations. 

Rei'ised  Prices  and  full  particulars^  Post-free. 


CROMPTON       &      FAWKES 

(formerly  T.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co.), 

CHELMSFOED. 

LONDON       OFFICE  —  Mansion    House    Buildings. 


Editorial  Communica 
Printed  by  William 

:  said  WiLLlA.M    RlCHA 


ions  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Ed 

Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  ] --       . , 

DS.  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County. 
Agent  for  Manchester— John  He^-u-qod.  Agents  for  Scotland— Mcs£ 


Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

&  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaijlisijeti  1841. 


No.  604.— Vol.  XXIV.  {series. }        SATURDAY,  JULY  25.  i! 


(Registered  at  the  General  \      Price  6d. 
PostKiffice  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  5J1/. 


CONTENTS. 


Alfa  in  Algeria 

Apple      crop 

Scotia,  the 


Colonial  ni 
Dendrobiu 

Diseased 


Cilasnevin  . . 

Hardy  trees  and  shrubs  . 
Hemlock-bark  extract  , . 
ladianand  Colonial Exhi- 


Lissochilus    Krebsii  v 

purpurata 
Malayan  forest,  a 
Melons,  Khivan  .. 
Metropolitan    parks  a 

open  spaces 
Orchid  notes  and  gle: 

ings 


Orchids,  exhibiting 


,,     pruning  of  . . 
Packing  Peaches  for  tran- 

Peas,  trial,  at  Chiswick. . 

Pelargonium  growing   at 

Foxhill,        Westwood, 

Pitlosporum  undulatum  . 
Plant-growing  at  Bridgen 

Place      ..         .. 
Plants  and  their  culture  . 
Potato  blooms,  variations 

„  crop,  the 
Promenadeand  Boulevard 

Association 
Sajcifraga  pallida. . 

Birmingham  Rose  Show 
Chiswick  Horticultural 
Sheffield  Botanical  and 
Horticultiu^l 

Soils,  texture  of  . . 

SouthM  ark  Park  . . 


Trevarrick,    St.   Austell, 

Cornwall 
Vanda  Denisoniana 
Vegetables,  large 
Weather,  the 
Zonal  Pelargoniums 


Benthamia  fr; 
Leaf-miner  in 
Puccinia  Vim 
Sumbul  .. 
Vanda  Dcnif 


ILLUSTR-\TIONS. 


NOTICE  lo  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 


Now  Ready,  In  clotb,  I63. 

rHE   GARDENERS"   CHRONICLE, 
Volume  XXni.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

'THE    GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

J.  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 


Twelve  Months. 


-C.  H.  MAROT,  81, 


«hom  An 


1  Orde 


EGYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NOTICE  !  — COMMITTEES'  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  11  A.M.,  ia  the  Conservatory  ;  Scientific  at  1  p  m., 
in  the  Library. 

GENERAL  MEETING  for  the  Election  of  Fellows,  &c., 
at  3  P.M.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  28.  in  the  Consei  valory. 

SHOW  of  BEGONIAS.  &c..  and  NATIONAL  CARNA- 
TION and  PICOTEE  SOCIETY'S  SHOW. 

N.B.-Exhib.tors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

IVERPOOL       HORTICULTUR'aL 

ASSOCIATION,    1885. 

The  SEVENTH  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS,  FLOWERS, 

FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES  will  be  held  m  Sefton  Park  on 

SATURDAY  and  MONDAY,  August  i  and  3.     Entiles  Close 

July  25. 

The  SIXTH  EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  FRUIT  will  be  held  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  24  and  35.  Schedules  on  application  to 

EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secretary. 


Huyton,  Liverpool. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY  of  SOUTHAMPTON. 
ANNUAL  GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW.  SATURDAY  and 
MONDAY,  Aug.  I  and  3.  THREE  HUNDREDand  FIFTY 
POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  All  persons  subscribing  not  less  than 
Sr.  are  entitled  to  compete  for  the  Prizes  free.  Entries  Close 
July  25.     Schedules  of  r'  c    e'ttit-....c.    c 

54.  Yotk  Stree.,  The  Avenue,     '-  ^-  FU'Dt^E,  Secretary. 

O  RT  H  A  M  P  TO  N  S  H  IRE       H  O  RtT^ 

CULTURAL   SOCIETY. 
The  GRAND  SUMMER  SHOW   will  be  held  at   North- 
ampton. AUGUST  3  (Bank  Holiday).      For  best   12  Plants, 
;Ci2,  £6,  £i.      Entries  Close  July  25.     Schedules  and  full  par- 

5,  Sheep  Street,  Northampton.  ■*■  fORBES.  Sec. 

ILTS    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY 

SHOW.  Salisbury.  AUG.  20.     Division  A  Open. 
isSTOVEandGREENHOUSE  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 
ist  Prize,  i,<s:     "  VARIEGATED  and   FINE-FOLIAGE 
STOVE   and   GREENHOUiE    PLANTS,    ist   Prize,  £,i. 

W.  H.  WILLIAMS,  Hon.  Sec. 

FOR      SPECIALLY       CHEAP       GLASS 
see  I-a-t  or  Next  Week's  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
II Y.  WAINWRIGHT,  8andio,  Alfred  St.,  Boar  Lane,  Leeds 


'Wholesale  Bulb  Catalogue. 

HURST  AND  SON  have  now  Posted  their 
New  Trade  LIST  to  all  Customers.  Any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  intorming  them,  and  another 
shall  be  sent. 

Seed  Warehouse  : — 152,  Houndsditch.  London,  F. 


East  Lothian  iDtermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    and    SONS 
cffer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet,  Purple.  While,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
IS..  2S.6d.,  &  51.  each  colour.    Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 

HOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  aud  may  be  had  en 
application. 

It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  kn  jw.  Please  com- 
pare our   Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AN-n  SlMP-iON.  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


YK     NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
a  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts    Price  u. 
BARR  AND  SON.  King  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS     in 

of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
inches  across,  and  are  of 
darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
per  dozen,  strong  plants. 


E 


B'hich  be. 


of  the   flowei 
every  shade,  from  pure  wh 
ing  and    bedding,  from    la 
Descriptive  LIST  on  appli 


CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


fPEA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 

-*-      select  (torn.     The  beautiful  pure  white  Niphetos,  full  of 
buds,  Marechal  Niel,  Gloire  de  D  j  in,  and  others  ;  t3s  ,  i8s.,  to 
36i.  per  doz-n. 
t\  STREE  r,  Heatherside  Nurseries,  Famboro*  Sution,  Hants. 

To  Nurserymen.  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH    BULBS-Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate  the  same  quality  and  get  (hem  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWiS  ISAACS.  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  EC. , 
Established  since  1836.  Wholesale  Caialogue  sent  post-tree  on 
arplicatioD.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  for  Early  Forcing. 
The  Bulbs  o(  these  beinc  unusually  fine  this  season,  eirly 
Orders  are  respectfully  solicited.  Price,  per  iod,  ijj.  ;  per 
dozen.  21.  Delivered  entirely  free  in  London  and  other  ports. 
See  Catalogue. 

The  CATALOGU  E  of  cur  immense  Collections  of  New,  Rare, 
and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  for  1S33  (84  pages,  in  English). 
is  now  ready,  and  will  as  usual  be  sent  Post-free  on  appli- 
cation to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain 
Messrs.  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at- 
Hill,  London.  E.C. 
ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Oveiveen,  near  Haarlem.  Holland. 


LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants.  3</.       Price  LIST  free. 
W.  LOVfcL  AND  SON. 
Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield. 


Strawberries  for  Present  Planting. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S     Descriptive    and 
Priced  CATALOGUE  can  be  had  on  application. 
The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough. 


New  Turnip  Seed. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.   have   to 
otfer,    of   crop    1S85,    their    choice    selected   stocks  of 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fini'Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers. &c. 

Q  Q  U  E  L  C  H         anI)         bXr  N  HAM, 

^-^     giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  P R ICE. 

SQ  U  E  L  C  H         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


WANTED,  good  GERANIUM  CUT- 
TINGS of  Henry  Jacoby.  Master  Christire,  Vesuvius, 
Gold  and  Silver  Tricolors,  and  other  choice  Bedders.  Send 
samples  and  price  per  rcoo  to 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 

ANTED,  AMARYLLIS  (Seedlings   pre- 
ferred).   Sute  quantity,  also  price  per  dozen  or  100,  to 
ROBERT  BULLEN,  Botanic  Gardens,  Glagow. 

ANTED.largeSpecimensof  CAMELLIAS 

Mathottiana,  Lady  Hume's  Blush,  and  other  varieties. 
Must  be  in  perfect  health,  good  form,  and  well  furnished.    Send 
full  particulars,  size,  and  price,  to 
JAS.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "  Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 


w 


c 


ARTER'S  FIRST  PRIZE  CALCEO- 
LARIA.-The  size  and  biilliancy  of  colour  in  this  strain 
is  remarkable— Z'idV  award-!.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,  u.  6</., 
us.  6d ,  3j.  6rf.,  and  51  ,  Po^t-free. 

ARTER'S    FIRST   PRIZE  CINERARIA. 

—The  most  varied,  best  formed,  and  brilliant-coloured 
strain— -'/A-  awards.  Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,  is,  6X.,  2S.  id., 
2S.6d,,  and  s^..  Post-free. 


CARTERS,  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H  R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 
London,  W  C. 


H 


Hydrangea  Otaksa,  in  Sower. 
UGH   LOW  AND  CO.  offer  the  above, with 

ads.  in  48-pots,  5oi.,  75s.,  icot.  per  ico. 
Clapton  Nursery.  London,  E. 


New  Turnip  Seeds. 

MESSRS.  HURST  .and  SON  can nowsupply 
Green    and   White   Globe  and   Greystone    TURNIP. 
Crop  1885.  151,  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

OU R  AUTUMN  7~RADE  LfSTS,  Nos.  75", 
76,  are  now  publisher^.     Tradtrs  not  having  received  a 
copy  are  requested  to  apply  for  one. 
The  NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

PALMS,  specially  Hardy,  grown  for  cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses.— Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  ^lagans,  splendidly  foliaged,  zo  inches  high.  12S. 
per  dcz-n  ;  sample  plants,  is.  yi.  :  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
25J.  perioD;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  post  free. 
-Postal  orders  to  GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamlord  Hill. 

UCHARIS  AMAZONICA  FLOWERS.— 

Price  on  application. 
Nurserymen    and    Florists,    Allerton, 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  jsc. 

CG.  VAN   TUBERGEN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•      Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now  ready,   and 
may  be  had  ftee  on  application  to 

Messrs.    R.    SILBEKRADand  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 
Gutched  Friars,  E.C.  

Now  Keady. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  wiU  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13s.  td. 

EWING  AND    CO..  Sea  View   Nurseries,  Havant,   Hants 
(late  of  Eaton,  near  Norwich). 

Now  In  Full  Bloom. 

BEGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 
senting an  unrivalled  floral  display.  Visitors  are  cordially 
invited.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 
to  Catford  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 

LAING  AND  CU.,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


To  the  Trade. 

EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
Our  first  consignment  of  these  has  arrived  in  splendid 
condition,  and  quite  up  to  specified  size.  We  shall  be  glad  to 
quote  lowest  special  price  upon  application. 

HURST  AND  SON,  Seed  Warehouse,    151,    Houndsditch, 
London,  E.  

RIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 

Sixteenth  year  of  distribution. 

WILLIAMS'  SUPERB  STRAIN,  is.  bd.  perdoz.,  los.per  100. 

CINERARIAS  same  puce.     Package  and  carriage  free  for 

cash  with  order.      The  above  are   strong,  and  fit   (or  potting 

into  3.inch  pots. 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries.  Coventry-. 

rTmULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 

fine  plants,  reidy  for  single  pots,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large-flowerdd  strains  we  have  distnbuted  for 
fourteen  years,  iS.  6J.  per  doz..  loj   per  lO"-,  32s.  6d  for  550. 

WM    CLIBRAN  and  SUN,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiinchim, 
and  12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

Roses,  &c. 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON  invite  inspection  of 
their  COLLECTION  of  ROSES,  which  is  now  in 
Fust  Bloom,  and  will  continue  blooming  throughout  the  summer 
and  autumn.  'I  he  collection  is  this  year  rich  in  novelties.  1  he 
Ornamental  Trees,  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Fruit  Trees  are  also 

WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  Paul's  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross, 
adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway.    

HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  HilleKOm,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBORG  BROS.),  begs  to  inform  his  uumerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  for  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  protection  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his.free  on  demand. 

Rape  Seed. 
ENGLISH-GROWN  RAPE  SliED  FOR  SOWING. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.  have   the 
above   10  offer,  of  fine   quality.     Sample  and  price  on 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


98 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18S5. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Spaclal  Sale  of  OrchtdB  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  will  lake 
place  at  his  Gieat  Rooms,  38,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden. 
W.f.,on  WEDNESDAY,  August  is.  and  he  vill  be  glad  if 
Gentlemen  desirous  of  entering  Planls  for  this  Sale  will  please 
send  particulars  of  same  at  their  earliest  convtnience. 

Tuesday  Next.— Flowering  Orchids, 
FLOWERINC,  liKCHinS.-SPECIAL  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside  E.G..  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  j8, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  about  200  lots  of  ORCHIDS 
in  Hower  and  from  various  well  known  collections,  including 
several  fine  p'ants  of  Disa  grandiflora,  Mormodefi  luxatum  ebur- 
neum,  magnihcent  specimens  ;  Odontoglossum  vtxil  ariurn, 
many  plants,  Restrepia  species;  Odonlo^jloisum  cristatellum, 
rare.  &c. ;  a  convignment  of  .MEXICAN  ORCHIDS,  received 
direct  for  unreserved  sale, and  other  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next  —Very  Valuable  OrcWda. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instiucled  by  Mr.  F.  .Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  6/  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  31,  at  half-past 
12  o'Cl.  ck  precisely,  a  grand  importation  of  CATTLEYA 
IJOWIANA,  many  new  ORCHIDS  from  the  Comoro  Islands, 
PERISTERIAELATA.  CATTLEYA  SKINNERI.LjELIA 
PURPURATA    in    fine    masses,    and    many    other    very    fine 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Enderslelgh,  Harvard  Road,  Gunnersbury, 

close  to  Gunnersbuiy  Station. 

MR.  F.  R.  HAYES  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
July  30,  at  I  o'clock  prtcisely,  in  lots,  a  gland  C  lleciion 
o(  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  ORCHIDS,  BEGO.MAS, 
PALMS,  and  STOVE  PLANTj.  trgether  with  other 
PLANTS.  GARDENER'S  TOOLS,  ROLLER,  LAWN 
MOWERS,  FRAMES,  LIGHTS,  &c. 

On  view  day  prior  and    morning  of  Sale.     Catalogues  at  the 
Auctior,e;t's  Offices,  8,  King  Street,  West  Hammersmith,  W. 


WANTED,  to  RENT,  at  ONCE,  about  an 
Acre  of  LAND,  or  a  Large  GARDEN,  with  Glass  ; 
also  a  COTTAGE,  suitable  for  a  Florist,  about  12  miles  from 
London,  —  FLORIST,  Gardeners'  Chtonicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


n-^O  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  the  LEASE  of  a 

J-  SEEDSMAN,  FLORIsT,  and  JQBBING  BUSI- 
NESS, in  main  thoroughfare,  wuh  immediate  possession.  No 
rtasonable  cITer  refused.     Must  be  sold. 

B..  CarUrners-  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen,  Landscape  Gardeners,  Florists,  and 

SEEDSMEN. 

77'OR     SALE,     an    OLD    ESTABLISHED 

J-'  BUSINESS,  in  one  of  the  best  suburbs  of  Birmingham, 
owing  to  a  very  serious  accident  to  the  present  proprietor.  The 
Nursery  contains  about  2j^  Acres,  and  is  well  stocked  with 
Shrubs,  Trees,  and  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Four  Glass  Houses, 
Seed  Warehouse,  Frames,  Sic,  together  with  a  Stall  in  Market 
Hall.  'J  he  above  is  thoroughly  genuine,  and  will  be  Sold  as  a 
fioing  concern.    Possession  can  be  had  at  once. 

Full  particulars  from  FLEETWOOD  and  GOODEVE, 
Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  42,  Cherra  Street,  Birmineham. 

California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  tjalifornia. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  T.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOR  SALE,  or  TO  BE  LET,  an  Old- 
Established  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  on  high  road, 
close  to  a  city.  Noted  for  Roses  and  Clematises.  Nearly  12 
acres,  2  acres  covered  with  Fruit  Trees,  and  Fruiting  Bushes  ; 
Dwelling  House,  and  Seed  Shop ;  convenient  Glass  Houses, 
Barn,  Stables,  Piggeries,  &c. 

Apply  to  Mr.  G.  B.  KENNETT,  Solicitor.  Norwich. 

ARDENER    ajid      FLORIST'S. 

'— ^      A  commanding  Nursery,  with  Dwelling  House  attached. 


G 


lease.     Fur  particulars,  apply  t 

Mr.  EAsT,  iSs,  Uxbndfie  Road.  Shepherd's  Bush,  W. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  September  29  next,  a 
good  HOUSt  and  FARM  BUILDINGb,  with  about 
15  Acres  of  very  productive  Fiuit  Plantations;  also  GAR- 
DENER'S HOUSE,  aud  about  13  Acres  of  MEADOW 
LAND,  situated  near  Southali  and  Huunslow  Railway  Stations. 
For  particulars  apply  to  J.  BUTLER,  16,  Hamsell  Street, 
London,  E.C. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

THE  DIRECTORS  of  the  ASTON 
GROUNDS  CO.  (Limited),  Aston  Lower  Grounds, 
Birmingham,  are  willing  I  O  LET,  on  advantageous  terms,  the 
magnificent  GREENHOUSES  tituated  at  the  above  grounds, 
eight  m  number,  heated  by  Steam  Pipes,  and  inciudiug  Stove 
and  Propagating  Houses,  to  a  responsible  firm.  The  Houses 
measure  from  60  to  loa  feet  in  length,  and  are  at  present  fully 
stocked  ;  thty  are  well  fiited  with  strong  staging,  and  are 
generall  in  a  state  ol  perfect  r<pair.  The  Gip.en houses  them- 
selves are  situated  in  an  eoclosuie  about  60  yards  squaie,  which 
also  contains  about  300  feet  run  of  Hardening-ofT  Frames,  and 
Tool  Store  and  Potung  Shed  ;  also  two  DweUmg  Cottages.  The 
Aston  Lower  Grounds  are  the  most  important  pleasure  gardens 
in  the  Midland  Counties,  and  are  visited  annually  by  nearly  a 
million  of  people  coming  from  all  parts  of  the  Kingdom.  This 
is  an  cflfer,  which  to  an  enterprising  firm  wou'd  afford  an  oppor- 
tunity of  acquiring  a  world-wide  reputation,  and  of  establishine 
at  the  same  ihime  a  profitable  business.  Every  facility  would 
be  given  in  the  grounds  for  the  Sale  of  Flowers  and  Plants, 

The  Houses  can  be  viewed  at  any  lime  on  application  at  the 
Offices,  and  full  particulars  maybe  obtained  from  G.  REEVES 
SMITH,  Jun.,  General  Manager,  Aston  Grounds  Co, 
(Limited),  BumioKham, 


Southampton -(62:9.) 

Abnut  a  mile  from  this  important  Town. 
TO    MARKET    (;AKDENEkS  and    OTHERn 

^O    BE     LET,   on    LEASE,    25    Acres    of 

LAND,  in   a  high  state  of  Cultivation,  Irom  Stp-ember 


Capital  Old-fashioned  Garden- 

TO  BE  LET,  FAMILY  KhSIDENCE, 
facing  ClaphJin  Common,  having  advatilaKe'.  of  the  above 
natute  not  to  be  fountl  in  connection  with  a  modern  builder's 
houie,  and  with  but  tew  houses  within  so  short  a  drive  of  the 
City  and  West  End.  Good  accommodation  for  a  family.  House 
much  improved  and  modernised  of  late  years.  Stabling.  Cow- 
house. Fowl-houses,  &c..  Vineiies,  Stove-house.  Rose-house,  and 
Melon  Grounds.  Worthy  the  attention  of  any  one  who  can 
appreciate  a  good  old  garden. 

Messrs.  MXACHLAN  .and  SONS.  Clapham  Common  ; 
.ami  Messrs.  DEBENHAM,  TEWSON.  lARMER,  and 
BRIDGEWATER,  8j,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

"'{I  O     LET     (16  miles    from    London),     a 

i  NURSERY  of  4  Acres,  with  3  Greenhouses.  S-roomed 
Dwel'ing  House,  Stabling,  and  Shedaccommod.uiin.  Rent/50. 
Price  for  stock,  lease.  &c-,  ;£400. 

Apply,  R.  L.,  Cnrdentri'  Ckronklc  Ollri:e,  4t.  Wellington 
Stieet,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE  (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   KORMATIDN    ard 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GAKDEN  .nod   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lisiria  Park,  Slamfnrd  Hill,  N. 

JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat,    Loam,    Jand,   and    Beikshiie   Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  ot  every  Horticultural  Kequisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 


HWATERER,  Importer  of  Plants  and  Bulbs, 
•  38oo.PoweltonAvenue,Phil.idelphia  Pa  .U  S..A..  offers  : 
PAMPAS   PLUMES,  fresh  white,   (or  (all  1885,  all  picked, 
18  to  ?4  inches,  .^3  per  100.  .$25  per  loco;    24  to  30  inches.  §6 
per  100.  ^jO  per  1  jco  :  30  to  36  inches.  S.o  per  100,  -*:o  ptr  lOt-o; 
36  inches  and  ii;.wards.  $15  per  ico,  $100  per  ico... 

LILIUMS  lotders  lor  these  mu  t  not  arrive  later  than 
Sept.    1)  :— coliinibianum.  S.o  per   lOD,  ^  o  per    1000;    paidi- 

pubellum,  ^14  per  ico.  6100 pci  looo  :  parvum,  ^15  per  100,  $ 'Oo 
per  1000  :  Humbjidtii,  81S  per  too,  $ioo  pti  toco  ;  Wa-hing- 
tonianum,  s;;5  per  10a,  ita.  per  1000.     Very  tine  picked  bulbs. 

O     Sil  EPPERSON,     Florist,    Prospect 

0»  House,  Helper,  Derbyshire,  be^s  to  offer  the  following, 
of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  :  — 

PRl.MULAS'  PRIMULAS!!  PRIMULAS  !!  !-Grand 
premier  prize  strain  of  the  (rnest  new  colours,  as  White,  t_'armine. 
Rose,  Salmon,  Ciirason,  Mauve,  &c.  ;  fine  large  trusses  and 
beautifully  tringcd  Bowers.  Strong  plants,  to  bloom  well, 
IS.  id.  per  dozen  ;  exlra  strong,  ij.  td..  all  free. 

CINERARIAS!  CINERARIAS!!  CINERARIAS!  ! 
— RuH's  celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf  compact  habit,  and  m  >sl 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
15.  ■i.d.  per  dozen  ;  exlra  strong,  \s.  i^d-,  all  free. 

CYCLAMEN!  CYCLAMEN!!  CYCLAMEN  GIGAN- 
TEUM  !!!— Grand  priwstrain.  warranted.  All  the  finest  new 
colours,     ir   6./.,  free  :  extra  strong,  25.,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper, 
Derbyhiie. 

SOMETHING    WORTH    HAVING. 

AQUILEGIA      6LANDUL08A, 

Grigor's  Glandular  Columbine  (true). 

Respecting  our  variety  of  Aqiiilegia  or  Columbine,  Dr. 
Lindley,  in  the  Gardeners'  ChronicU,  said:— "The  plant  is 
perhaps  the  handsomest  hardy  perennial  in  cultivation  ;  its 
stems  rise  about  2  leet  high,  and  sometimes  carry  from  50  to 
80  blossoms.  We  have  a  plant  now  bc'ore  us  which,  aJter  a 
journey  from  Scotland,  has  -ai  expanded  flowers,  each  3!^  inches 
in  diameter,  with  broad,  thin,  delicate,  spreading  sepals,  of  the 
deepest  uhramarine-blue  surrounding  5  short  petals,  the  upper 
part  of  which  is  pure  white,  resting  on  an  azure  groui.d.  1  he 
elTect  is  beautiful  m  the  extreme,  and  no  description  that  we  have 
formerly  given  of  it  has  dooe  justice  to  its  exquisite  appearance." 

Having  scot  a  specimen  of  this  Columbine  to  the  Editor  of 
the  Gardeners'  Afagaziru,  he  says  (June  10,  1870)  :— "  If  we 
could  favour  our  readers  with  a  si^ht  ot  a  bunch  of  flowers  we 
have  now  before  us,  a  le*  of  them  would  exclaim,  '  Prodigious  :' 
'Wonderlul  !"  'G'orious!'  ard  s:)  forth.  ....  We  aie 
bound  to  be  cautn^us  in  the  employment  of  ihe  language  of 
eulogy,  but  we  shall  probably  be  quite  safe  in  spying  th^t  ihere 
is  not  in  cultivation  a  finer  hardy  herbaceous  plant  than  Grigoi's 
variety  ot  A.  glandulosa,  the  Glandular  Columbine.  The  plant 
is  robust,  handsome,  and  lealy  :  the  fl^>wers  are  produced  in 
great  profusion  :  they  average  3!^  inches  in  diameter  ;  the 
sepali  deep  uhiamarine-blue,  the  corolla  pure  white  with  blue 
spots  at  the  base  of  each  petal,  remarkably  elegant,  distinct,  and 
refined, at  the  same  time  showy  almost  to  a  fault.  We  advise  all 
who  appreciate  first-class  hardy  plants  to  secure  this  Forres 
edition  of  an  old  favourite." 

Now  Bead7. 

Price  for  Strong  Flowering  Plants,  carriage  paid,- 
6s.  per  dozen,  vr  2  dozen  for  lOr. ,  likewise  carriage  paid. 

JOHN    GRIGOR    &    CO., 

THE      NURSERIES,      FORRES. 

ROSES 

IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  lis.  to  36^.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

&    CO., 


RICHARD     SMITH 

WORCESTER. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Sinele.     No*  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.        KELWAY  and  50N,  Langport,  Somerset. 


Tbe  Success  of  ttie  Rose  Season. 

PAUL        AND        S'ON'S 
Three  New  Che^hunt  Roses. 
H.P.  MADAME  NORMAN  NERUDA— The  perfection  of  a 
show  Ro'e.        Eiist-class  Certificate  Royal   Horticu'tutal 
Society.  July  14. 
H.P.  LONIjfELLOW— The  new  Moss  Rose,  vigorous, violet. 

Charles  I  efebvre. 
H.P.  PRIDE  of  REIGATE— The  finest  stripetl  real  autumnal 
floweiiiig  Rose.     First. class  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  July  14. 
The  Set  ot  the  Three,  gooti  Plants  in  pots,  for  budding  from  ; 
orslrong  good  Plants  in  November  ;  zij.theSet.    Order  at  once. 
The  "  Old  '■  Nurseries,  Lheshunt,  Herts. 


New  Hybrid  Aloe. 

ALOE  INSIGNIS.— A  very  beautiful  and 
highly  ornamental  Aloe,  raised  from  A  drepanophylla 
fertilised  by  A.  echinata.  Flowers  remarkable  and  beautiful ; 
requires  ordinary  ereenhouse  culture.  Described  and  figured 
in  this  volume  of  the  Cardcurs'  Cliramcli.  p.  4  ..  f.  4t.  Orders 
riceived  will  be  sent  out  later  in  the  season  ;  every  one  should 
possess  this  plant.     Price  3  Guineas. 

AlsothtnewpUnt.THALICTRUMRHVNCHOCARPUM, 
with  graceful  Fern-like  foliage,  very  ornamental.     Now  offered 
the  first  lime  :  referred  to  in  Gardeners'  Chronicie,  vol.  xxi  , 


1  Guii 
large     Collei 


of     SUCCULENT    PLANTS 


Ferns.— Ferns.— Ferns. 

TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECOKU.M.  A,  STRICIUM,  L(JM  ARIA  GIUBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTA  lA  VARIEOATA,  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  20f.  per  100,  £(f  per  icoo. 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  loi.  per  100. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fi..e  plants,  in  ^}i  and  5-incll 
pot.,  40J.  ard  501.  per  loj. 

Ihe  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited,  Ihe  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


By  Special  Warrant. 
"Superb  SEEDS  for  PRESET  I'  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  Strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERAKIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
ij  6d  .  IS.  6d.,  31.  6/.,  and  55.  each.  Double  German  WALL- 
FLOWER, superb  strain,  u.  pei  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
D.iik  Blood  ted  WALLFLOWER,  6r.  and  is  ner  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "Spring  Gardening," 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEED.S  lor  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  ard  Post  free.  Seeds  and  Planls  of  every  descriptiou. 
Desciiptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post.free. 

JAMES      DICKSON     and     SONS, 

108.    EASTGATE    STREET,    CHESTER. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d  per  bushel ;   100  for  25^  ;  mick  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
4ar.  ;  4-bushel  bags,  4./.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  6d.  per  sack  J 
5  sacks  25r.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  72s. :  sacks, 
4/.  each, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gj.  per  bushel;  iji.  per  half 
ton,  76s   per  ton  in  z-bushel  bags,  41/.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IJ   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6./.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUS-sIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O.  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith-s  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

Notice. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  :  newly 
made.— Truck-load  of  i  tons,  ai-i  ;  twenty  sacks  ofbame, 
14s.  ;  forty,  25J.,  ^acks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
o-ders.-J.  STEVENS  and  CO..  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,  '  and  153,  High  Stieet,  Batttriea,  S.W. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES,  as 
supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens.— Fresh  Cccoa-Nut  Fibre 
Refuse,  4  bushel  bags,  is.  each;  30  for  as^.  —  bags  inclm'ed. 
Two-Ton  Truck,  free  on  Kail.  25J.  Best  Bio*-n  Fibrous  Kent 
Peat,  51.  per  sack  ;  5  for  22J.  6d.  ;  10  for  35^.  ;  20  for  601.  Best 
black  Fibrous  Peat,  41.  Od.  per  sack  ;  5  for  20j.  ;  10  for  30J. 
Coarse  Bedford  Sand.  if.  6d.  per  bushel  ;  14J.  per  %  ton;  25J. 
per  ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER.  lorf.  per  lb.; 
28  lb.,  215.  ;  cwi.,  70J,  Second  quality,  ^d.  per  lb.  ;  38  lb.,  t6s. 
Finest  Tobacco  Cloth,  8</.  per  lb  ;  28  lb.  for  181.  Leaf-mould, 
ss.  per  sack.  Peat  Mould,  4s.  per  sack.  Yetluw  Fibrous  Loam, 
35.  per  sack.  Charcoal,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel.  Bones,  Guano, 
Sphagnum,  &c.  LIST  free.  Special  prices  to  the  Trade  for 
cash.  W.  HERBERT  AND  CO., 

Hop  Exchange  Warehouses,  Southwark  Street,  S.K. 
(near  London  Bridge). 

A      great      SX7CCESS. 

JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this   Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  waieniig-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,   Moss.   Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  Re- 
price, 3i.  td.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40  gallon  Casks, 

^^4  ios.     Crriage  paid. 

JEYES'    SANITARY    COMPOUNDS    CO.    (Limited), 

43,  Canooa  Street,  London,  E.C. 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


99 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


s.  d. 

Supplied  in  Tins,     1  0  each. 

5  0 

Or  In  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  E 

*    „    20  0  „ 

1    M    37  6  „ 


ti 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
•economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


So/e  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

■zulio  only  stipply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  AlercJiants. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Mhdals. 

Quality.  THE  BE3T  In  the  Market.    (All  sacts  included.) 

ht-A  r.  best  Itrown  fibrous    ..   4".  hd.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PKAT,  bebt  black  fibrous     . .    31.  erf.  „  5  sacks  lor  1 51. 

PEAT,  exlia  selected  Oichid    5.1.  f.  i".  „ 

Li  )AM.  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     'i 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (  1,    1,  /      ,     •     1   j  .,% 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  . .      f "'  P"  ''"'''•  <""''=  included). 

PKAT  MOULD,        „         ..    ) 

.SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  -id.  per  bush.,  i2i.half  ton,  sji.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  fiuesllmporled         ..     Srf.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSr. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (.Su'eiaUK)    Srf.  lb.,  =8  lb.  iSs. 

MUSH  ROOM- SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5k  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush,,  6j.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
satks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  95  ;  15  sacks,  r3r. ;  20  sacits,  171.  ; 
30  sacks,  25j;  40  sacks,   30^.     1  ruck-load,  loose,   free  on  ra 
255.     Limited  quantities  ot  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
sacks  only.  ar.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD    MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

YOU   CAN   IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARAS/ TE6-  that  infest  Trees  and  Plants 
(ivhethti-  at  the  roots  or  on  the  foliagej  by  using 

FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSEGTIGIDE(il°^i^^ 

Green  Fly  ^1.' h'\a''n''vH,M  ' '''tl"''"",!;i  ""^-'V  °"S 

Black  Fly  ;,||    ]„„,  ,    ,,   ,,  ;  ;,,  si.,...,lily  Thrip 

Woolly  Aphis  .1.  M.  ,1  1  vth.>  II  .   ,,1  Fii-Tree  Red  Spider 

Grubs  OIL  ^^  hll- lull.    l..,„„,„ir,il.  Caterpillars 

,*"'=  ;  Ho^^'rs'iFoliagTor  the  bl'iom  i  ""'''* 

Worms  ;  on  Grapes,  Stone  Fruit,  «:c.     1  Scale,  &c. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  dmtroi/s  lice  ami  Fleas  on  Ammals:  it 
u-ill  cure  Jiingu'oym  and  all  Slnti  Diseases  produced  bij 
Parasites,  and  is  perfectly  harmless  to  the  Hands  ^  Sli}i, 
Bold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chomi.sts.  Ifi.  2/6,  and  4/6  a  Bottlp. 
Per  post  3jI.  extra.  Per  p.illoii  1'.'  il,  m  less  in  larger  quantities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL,  .is  an  INSECTICIDE,  its 
application  to  Plants  and  Anin  .nis,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  ol  address,   by  the  Manufacturer, 

E  GRIFFITHS  HTJGHrS.  Manchestei, 

Whole'^ale  — ni  "111       11       1  1  H  i  \    SOPEE  r(  iWI  I  K 

AND  CO  ,   C    r    o^M  \N    >,  (    )        1  1  fiom  aU  the  London 

Seud  Merch.int     1    1    A\  i    1       1     I    1  nt    Medicine    Houses 

^ew  \jik  -iidlML  4.   SONS 


pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE.— Best 

Vy  and  fresh  only.  15,  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  125.  :  30  bags, 
22J  ,  sent  to  all  pans  :  trucks,  23s.,  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM. -A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Maty  Axe.  London,  E.C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROU.'i  PEAT  for  URCHIU.S,  &c.— 
LROWN  FIliKOUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
StovePlants,ftc.,;<:6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  isr. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  si.  ;  5  Baes,  22s.  fit/.  ;  10  Baes, 
45^-.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  6^.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52J  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough  Station.  Hants. 


£,    GRIEF ITHS    HUGHES.    Operative    Chemist, 

VICiORU  STREET.  MAMCHESTER. 

/^ ISHURST"cOMPOUND,"used  by  leading 

VT  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fiy,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  a,  winter  dressing  lor  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tiees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  calte  against 
American  Blight.     Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 


super! 


,  31.. 


GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  fit',  and  15,  Ironi  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  frum  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

FOR    SALE,    CHEAP,    loo   Loads  of  good 
GARDF.N  MOULD,  and  200  Lo.ids  of  BALLAST. 
Apply  to  the   FOREMAN  of  the  WORKS,  84,  South  Lam- 
beth Road,  Vauxhall,  S.W. 


I. 

mi.  I 


i 


:-'h\ 


CROIVIPTON(StFAWKES 

(bteT.  II.  P.  DKNN1S&  Co), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Otfice :  Mansion  House 

Buildings. 

-^      Horticultural  Builders  in  Wood 
■^'J  or  Iron. 

A\  Hot-water   Heatinc   Engineers  and 
•>-V*  Boiler  Makers. 

\    h.^/v^S    B^st  Workmanship  and  Materials. 
'"H^^a^  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

'  CATALOGUES    FREE. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

w. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     IV.  C. 

Please     send    me     "The     Gardeners'     C  il  r  o  n  i  c  l  e"    for 
commencitig ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Ofl&ce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  ^i  3s.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  lid.;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  %s.  2d. 


P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS.     \  j^^^hii^. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUAIMOND." 


lOO 


THE     GAkDENBRS'     CHRONICLE. 


(July  25,  18 


SUTTON'S  seed: 

PRESENT  SOWING. 

POST-FREE. 

CABBAGE. 

Suli,.n\Howi!rofS.;ii,ig     ..  ..     pirinckcl     J 

W  I. -.Ic.'-  Imperial p,  r  oun  c      o 

El'.iii.Vs  Early  Dwaif „  i 

ONION. 

ni:inl  Uoc.-B rerour.ce  'i 

Simfn'iGuuil  BIood-Rtd  Rocci   ,.             ,,  i 

'riic  (Jiieen         ..          ..          ..          .,  [erpacVct  i 

Ulubc  Tripoli    ..          ,.          ..          ..  ptT  ounce  i 

LETTUCE.      "^ 

Sult.iii'!.  Improved  lilack-setded  B  thCos  percz.    i 

Liidon  Hardy  Whi.c  Ccfi 

Man  tcad  Paik  C:iU..ige „         i 

Haiiiiiietsmiih  Hardy  Green  Obbage      ..       ,,        i 

Prlct!  and/ull  partkiiUrs  of  other  Seeds  for  pir\/ 
iOivttiji  may  be  Itad^  grotit  nttd  fvst-free ,  on  (tppliuiti.ti. 


SacclBiuen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M  tlio  Queen 

and  Hit  H.  the  Prirco  of  Wales, 

HEADING. 


fAI^LY    WHITE    ROMAN     HYACINTHS. 

B.    S.    WILLIAMS 

Takes   the  opportunity  of  nnnouncinjj   th;it    lie   has 

riToivcd  liis  annual  consignments  of  the  above  Hulbs, 

ivhich  are  invaluable  for  early  forcing,  and  solicits  Early 

Onlers.  which  will  have  prompt  and  immediate  attention. 

The  Bulbs  are  uiiexceptionally  fine  this  year. 


VICTORIA    AND    PARADISE    NURSERIES, 

UHl'ER  IIOI.LHWAY,  LONDON,  N. 

ROSES. 

Tic  La'gest  Rose  Nurseries  in  the  World. 

A  visit  is  respeclftilly  invited.  No  descrip- 
tion can  convey  the  slightest  idea  of  the 
niagr.ificent  stock  now  in  flower.  They  will 
continue  in  their  be.iuty  until  October. 

Desciiptive  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on  application. 


CRANSTON'S   NURSfRY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITEPI, 

KINC.S    ACRE,   HEREFORD. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 

OF       CHOICE 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS. 

HV  haiv  much  plea.uire  in  offering   strotix    hc.Ulhy 


CalMMhul.s,  I,    u,   >l„  ucsl  n.wers  oi.ly. 

I  '  'ii  I  :,!  \  lu^ud  and  spotted 

Ciirnatlous  and   I'lcotees,   irom  stage 

II  nvcMs.      Will  pioiUice  So  per  ceui. 
t  f  lino  doutjlc  blooms  , .  , , 

,      ctuiccst  yellow,  veiy  Bne 
Cluerailas,  from  a  grand  strain  of  beau  i- 
fulll.wcrs         

..     New,  dwarf,  large  flowered,  splendid 
Primula,  Crimson  Kin(r,  magnificent 

.,    alba  magnlSfUi,  large 


10    6 

10    6 
10    C 


D.1 


ith  bcaulifully  fringed  fl  )■ 
ids'  ihuiceM  red.  very  fim 
while,  ve.y  fine 


:  while 


.,     exlia  strong  plants  . 
Vfd.  vety  choice,  mixed 
r  Free  (H  KCfipt  cf  Poit  ft 


2    6    IS 
1    6    10 

■  Ord-r. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

TOWN  CLOSE  NURSERIES,  NORWICH. 


PRINCE'S 

IMPROVED  EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE. 

6(/.  per  Packet^  or  free  by  Posty  7  stamps. 
Sow,  for  earliest  Sprintj  Crops,  from  middle  to  end  of  July,  and  trans- 
plant first  wei-k  in  October  ;  also,  sow  again  from  March  till  June  for 
successions  during  Summer  and  Autumn. 

This  is  generally  admitted  to  be  the  quickest  and  best  flavoured 
kind  ;  in  its  early  formation  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  and,  if  left, 
will  form  a  large  handsome  Cabbage  in  June  ;  at  the  same  time  it  is  a 
variety  less  liable  to  run  to  seed  than  any  other  grown, 

GEORGE   PRINCE,  Seedsman  and  Rose  Grower, 
14,   Market   Street,    OXFORD. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF  FRUIT  TREES  AND   ROSES. 


THOMAS  RIVERS  &  SON 

InVITF.  those  interested  in  the  above  lo  visit  their  establisliincnt.  The  Fruit  Houses  for  the 
growth  of  I'EACHES,  NECTARINE.S,  tiRAl'E.S,  CHERRIES,  FIGS,  ORANGES,  &c  ,  are 
now  full  of  Fruit  in  various  stages,  and  will  continue  to  be  of  great  interest  until  the  end  of  September. 

Many  thous.inds  of  PYRAMID,  BUSH,  and  CORDON  TREES  are  Grown  and  Fruited 
out-of-doors.  A  large  stock  of  the  best  ROSES  will  be  in  flower.  Full  information  will  be  given 
of  our  various  methods  of  cultivation. 

The  Nurseries  are  situate  betueen  the  Harlow  and  Sawbridjicworth  Stations,  Great  Eastirn 
Railway,  each  i  mile  distant,  and  conveyances  miy  be  secured. 


SAWBRIDGEWORTH,  HEBTS. 

INVENTIONS      EXHIBITION, 

No.  99,  South  Promenade. 

FOSTER  &  Tears  ON, 

REESTON,  NOTTS, 

HOTHOUSES,    FRAMES,    BOILERS, 
VALVES. 

INVENTIONS      EXHIBITION. 


WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

HIGH  CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING,  a  n.inJy  Manual  for  the  improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  liy  William  Earley,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "How  to 
Grow  .Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.     Crown  Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  4J.  6</. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S   LADIES'  COMPANION   TO  THE   FLOWER   GARDEN. 

A  complete  Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  Edition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  "js. 

THE    ART   OF    GROWING    ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.     By  Rev.  o.  fisher. 

Fourth  I'dition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  Is, 

HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.     By  William  Earlev.     Price  u.  stitched. 

HOW  TO  GROW  ASPARAGUS.  A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earley.     Price  \s,  stitched. 


London  :    BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  &  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  E.G. 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


101 


WEBBS' 

EMPEROR   CABBAGE, 

The  Best  Variety  in  Cultivation, 

6d.  and  Is.  per  packet. 
Vs.   per   Pound,   Post-free. 


Mr.  J.  MUIR,  In  the  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture" of  May  24,  says:- 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures   70  feet  by  60  leet,  and  bere 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.      The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  is 
WEBBS'  EMPEROR." 


EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  Ptr 
ENFIELD  MARKET 
EARLY  RAINHAM 
EARLY  DWARF  YORK      „ 
LARGE  RED  DUTCH 


ONION. 


Webbs'  New  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
White  Italian  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Giant  Rocca  

White  Lisbon       

White  Spanish  or  Reading  .. 


All  Garden  Seeds  Free  by  Post  or  Rail. 

Fii'!  tt'  Crnt.  Dhcnmt  for  Cash. 


WEBB      &      SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

WORDSLEY,    STOURBRIDGE. 


WHOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  all  varieties  of  English.   Dutch,  and  Fretlch 
grown  Bulbs,  including  the  following  :  — 


ANEMONES,  all  the  best 
CHIONODOXA  LUCILLI/E,  ch; 
CKOCUS.all 


FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA.bi 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Christmas  Ro-e. 
HYACINTHS,  all  colours,  named,  for  pot,  gl 


ling  blue  spring  flower, 
xert. 


[Cape  bulb. 

RIS.  all  the  best 
JXIAS,  handsome  showy  spring  flowers. 
LILIES,  all  the  leading  named  sorts. 
NARCIS?,  Polyanthus  varieties. 
NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS,  in  forty  varieties. 
SCILLAS  and  SNOWDROPS,  including  the  newest  varieties 
TULIPS.  Double  and  Single,  in  great  variety.      [of  the  latter. 
WINTER  ACONITES,  bright  yellow,  the  first  bulb  to  bloom 
after  Christmas. 

May  be  had  on  application.  Please  compare  our  prices  before 
Bending  your  orders  abroad.  —  WATKINS  and  SIMPSON, 
Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants,  n,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6f.  per  bushel 
(ij.  extia  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
bd  per  cake  ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchints.  Hiehcal 


Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 
Bush  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 


abov. 


ned  Nu 


Bouv 


At  th. 
large    quantll 
Plants,  Cycl! 
and    Decorati 

Genisus,  Grape  Vines,   Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety  ;  Palms. 
Pelargoniums,   Rhododendrons,   Roses,   Shrubs,   Stove   Plants 


ultivated,  in  unusually 
,  Camellias,  Climbing 
rns,  Ficus,  Flowering 
uit  Trees,   Gardenias, 


,  &c 


Clapto 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY.— The  stock  at 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeii 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

The  glass  structures  cover  an  area  ol  upwards  of  237,000  feet 
supeificial. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 


FERNS    A    SPECIALTY. 

The  Largest  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

Illustrated     CATALOGUE,    containing    *'  Hints    on     Fem 
Cultivation,"  ij.     Smaller  Catalogue,  of  over  i2(x»  species  and 
varieties  free  on  application. 
Special  descriptive  *'  List  of  new,  rare,  and  choice  Ferns,"  free. 

Descriptive  "  List  of  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


w. 


&  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY, 
SALE,       MANCHESTER. 


D  A   N    I   E   L  S' 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 


GIANT    E.ARLY    .MARROW. 
The  Best  Early  Cabbage  for  General  Use. 


Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FREE ; 
7s.  6d.  per  pound ;  43.   per  half-pound. 


Tesiimom 

xl/rc, 

<    Mr.  J. 

M    Cl 

MMHt 

s,  East  Eld, 

New  Quay.- 

-"  We  have  grov 

vn  >our 

Deh 

nee'  Cabbage 

ith   vario 

us  other 

as  a  test,  and 

always   lind 

your 

'  Defianc 

'    heat 

all, 

being    larlier. 

heavier,  and  of  betl 

er  shape  a 

ltd  fl..vo 

ur." 

ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS-  GOLDEN  ROCCA,  per  packet,  tj.  6d. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  ROCCA,  is.  per  ounce,  6s.  per  pound. 
Priced  Descriptive  LIST  of  nil  kinds  of  Reeds  for  present 
sowing,  gratis  and  posl-frtc  to  all  applicants. 


DANIELS   BROS., 

SEED    GROWERS    and    MERCHANTS, 
NORWICH.  

CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

See  Gardc7ters  Chronicle,  July  38,  1883. 

Now  being  sent  out  at  js.  6(i.  and  los.  6d.  each. 
Cask  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 

The  Livepool 
Horticultural   Co. 

(John  Cowan),  Limited, 

U  nA  r  h  V  I  N  bOl  *^^^^*^  VINEs'"whiclr*have 
never  been  surpassed,  if  indeed 
equalled.  Intending  purchasers 
are  requested  to  come  and  see 
them  during  the  growing  sea- 
son. The  Black  Hamburghs 
for  fruiting  in  Potsarc  especially 
fine,  and  the  entire  stick  are 
from  eyes  this  season.  Planting 
Canes,  ^s.  and  75.  dd.  each  ; 
Fruiting  Canes,  10s.  6d,  and 
12s  6  J.  each. 

mn  rV  O  r  O  The  company  have  a  very 
n  I  I  n  r  O  '■I'-K'^  -tock  of  TEA  and  NOI- 
IIUU  I-Uis^;i1-E  ROSES,  comprising 
all  the  leading  varieties.  The 
planfi  are  healthy  and  in  good 
cnndition  for  sending  out.  us  , 
iSs.,  and  24i.  per  dozen. 


AN  U  RE. 


COWAN'S  VINE  a 
PLANT  MANURE.  This 
too  well  known  to  need  lecoi 
inendation.     181.  per  cwt. 


OP     P     U     I      n     Q  T"=  Comnany  have  a  larg 

rt    U     n     I      U     0    .s'^'KaL^K^yiihedandlmpor- 


■d  ORCHIDS,  alii 

nion,  and  they  are  constantly 

■ceivinK     fresh     importations 


ill  Prices  to  the  Trade. 


THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    LIVERPOOL. 


THE 
SATURDAY,  JULY   25,    1885. 


ISLAND  FLORAS.* 
TT  will  be  within  the  remembrance  of  our 
-L  readers  that  a  scientific  expedition,  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Nares,  was  despatched 
a  few  years  ago,  mainly  with  the  object  of 
investigating  the  depth  and  nature  of  the  sea- 
bottom  in  various  parts  of  the  globe,  and  of 
studying  the  physical  and  natural  history  of  the 
ocean,  and  of  such  lands  as  might  be  touched  at. 
It  was  hoped  that  many  problems  in  the  pheno- 
mena  connected  with  the  peopling  of  various 
lands,  and  the  filiation  and  dispersion  of  living 
creatures  might  thus  be  solved,  and  help  to 
throw  light  on  the  past  history  of  the  plants  arid 
animals  which  now  occupy  the  globe.  How 
this  was  accomplished  is  sufficiently  known  to 
the  general  reader.  The  collections  made  were 
naturally  very  large,  and  have  occupied  the 
attention  of  numerous  naturalists,  some  of  whom 
have  already  published  the  results  of  their 
labours  ;  and  as  regards  generalities,  Mr. 
Moseley  has  already  communicated  to  the 
Linnean  Society  some  notes  on  the  general 
aspect  of  the  vegetation  of  many  places  visited. 

The  botany  of  continents  was  naturally  but 
little  attended  to,  but  special  attention  was  given 
to  the  vegetation  of  oceanic  islands.  What  are  the 
constituents  of  the  vegetation  of  such  islands  .' 
Whence,  and  in  what  manner  has  it  been 
derived .' 

In  the  case  of  islands  near  the  mainland 
with  only  a  shallow  channel  between,  it  is 
easily  understood  that  the  flora  of  the  main- 
land and  of  the  island  are  one  and  the  same. 
Where  the  distance  between  the  mainland  and 
the  island  is  greater,  and  the  depth  of  the  inter- 
vening channel  more  profound,  it  is  natural  to 
suppose  that  there  are  greater  variations  in 
the  vegetable  population,  and  to  infer  that  the 
separation  has  taken  place  at  a  period  remote 
in  proportion  to  the  degree  of  diversity  of 
the  flora  from  that  of  the  nearest  land.  IJut 
in  the  case  of  most  oceanic  islets,  their  re- 
cent origin,  volcanic  or  coralline,  precludes  the 
idea  of  their  ever  having  been  attached  to  any 
continent,  and  their  great  distance  from  any 
other  land  lends  great  interest  to  the  problem 
of  the  origin  of  the  vegetation  which  clothes 
their  surface.  The  set  of  the  currents,  the 
direction  of  the  prevalent  winds,  the  inigrations 
of  birds  and  other  creatures,  all  have  to  be  taken 
into  consideration,  while,  of  course,  the  study  of 
the  endemic  or  aboriginal  vegetation  (where  such 
exists,  and  has  survived  the  ravages  of  goats 
and  other  destructive  agencies),  is  of  sur- 
passing interest  to  the  botanist.  These  points 
were  ably  treated  of  in  Sir  Joseph  Hooker's 
lecture  on  "  Insular  Floras,"  published  in  our 
columns  in  1866,  and  they  form  the  subject  of 
Mr.  Alfred  Wallace's  instructive  book  entitled 
Jslaiid  Life. 

But  now  we  have  in  the  bulky  volume  before 
us,  for  the  first  time,  a  more  complete  account  of 
the  vegetation  of  these  oceanic  islets.     The  col- 


•  Report  CK  the  Scientific  Results  of  the  Vcyitie  c/ H.M  S. 
Challenger,  during  the  years  1873 — 76,  ^c  — Botany.  Vol.  i.,^ 
1885,  quarto. 


I02 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  1885. 


lections  made  during  the  voyage  of  tlie  Chal- 
lenger have  been  studied  by  Mr.  Hemsley,  who 
in  reporting  on  them  has  availed  himself  of 
what  has  been  previously  collected  by  other 
travellers,  and  of  what  has  been  published  by 
other  writers.  When  Mr.  Hemsley  began  his 
task,  he  tells  us,  he  was  inclined  to  speculate, 
fascinated  no  doubt,  as  so  many  of  us  have  been, 
by  the  writings  of  Darwin,  of  Hooker,  of  Wallace, 
and  of  others  on  this  subject,  but  as  materials 
accumulated  Mr.  Hemsley  found  that  he  would 
be  doing  better  service  by  arranging  and  co- 
ordinating facts  than  by  framing  theories.  In 
the  introductory  notes  on  the  vegetation  of  the 
various  islands  are  given  tables  showing  the 
numbers  and  distribution  of  the  genera  and 
species,  together  with  observations  on  the  com- 
position and  aftmities.  of  the  dilTerent  floras, 
the  agencies  operating  in  the  dispersal  of  plants, 
and  the  part  played  by  oceanic  currents,  drifts, 
and  migratory  birds. 

The  general  characters  of  remote  oceanic 
insular  floras  are  stated  by  Mr.  Hemsley  to 
consist  in  the  large  relative  proportion  of  orders 
and  genera  to  species,  in  the  number  of  endemic 
species,  the  woody  habit  of  a  large  number  of 
the  species,  the  prevalence  ot  plants  with  small 
narrow  leaves  [perhaps  due  to  the  prevalence 
of  wind-storms],  and  the  relative  rarity  of 
brightly-coloured  flowers  [perhaps  corelated 
with  a  corresponding  deficiency  of  insects]. 

The  islands  themselves  admit  of  being 
roughly  grouped  into  three  divisions — those  in 
which  there  is  a  large  aboriginal  endemic  ele- 
ment especially  in  the  case  of  genera,  those  in 
which  there  is  a  less  marked  endemic  element, 
and  that  more  especially  marked  in  the  case  of 
species  ;  and  thirdly,  islands  in  w'hich  there  is 
no  special  endemic  element. 

In  the  first  group  may  be  placed  St.  Helena, 
Juan  Fernandez,  the  Sandwich,  Galapagos,  and 
Seychelle  groups.  In  the  second  category  are  the 
Azores,  Bermudas,  Ascension,  the  Admiralty 
Islands,  &c.  The  third  group  consists  of  recent 
coral  islands  in  the  Indian  and  Pacific  Oceans. 
The  generalities  relating  to  the  floras  of  these 
several  islands  are  described  by  Mr.  Hemsley 
in  the  introduction,  as  well  as  certain  special 
features  pertaining  to  them,  such  as  the  rela- 
tively large  proportion  of  shrubby  Composites, 
the  relatively  small  proportion  of  Leguminosa?, 
ConiferLC,  Cycadaceif,  Orchidacex,  and  petaloid 
monocotyledons  generally.  The  species  of  Carex 
(Sedge),  are  found  in  a  large  number  of  islands, 
both  temperate  and  tropical,  some  of  the  islands 
having  species  peculiar  to  themselves,  and  hence 
they  are  made  the  subjects  of  specal  investi- 
gation. Several  of  the  species  common  in  the 
northern  hemisphere  are  found  also  in  New 
Zealand,  but  nowhere  else  in  the  southern 
hemisphere — a  circumstance  rather  d  of 

explanation.  Other  phenomena  of  distribution 
such  as  the  very  limited  range  of  certain 
orders,  genera,  and  even  species,  are  dis- 
cussed with  a  view  to  show  that  restricted 
distribution  is  not  confined  to  islands  ;  thus 
Campanula  isophylla  is  peculiar  to  a  small 
strip  of  coast  near  Noli,  on  the  Genoese 
Riviera  ;  Saxifraga  florulenta  is  found  on  the 
Alps  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Col  de  Tenda,  and 
nowhere  else  ;  Diona;amuscipula  is  confined  to 
North  and  South  Carolina  ;  and  so  forth.  Lists 
are  also  given  of  plants  known,  or  surmised,  to  be 
distributed  by  currents,  birds,  &c.  The  origin 
of  the  antarctic  flora  is  discussed,  and  then  some 
general  remarks  on  the  floras  of  each  one  of  the 
islands  specially  treated  of  in  the  present  volume 
are  supplied.  After  these  generalities  the  author 
proceeds  to  give  a  detailed  list  of  the  plants  of 
each  island  or  group  ot  islands  visited  by  the 
Ch'illcnger,  beginning  with  Bermuda,  where  one 
of  the  most  interesting  plants  is  the  Juniperus 
bermudiana,  already  commented  on  and 
figured  by  Mr.  Hemsley  in  our  columns.  The 
Bermuda  Lily,  L.  Harrisi,  appears  to  be  known 
only  in  cultivation,  and  is  not  alluded  to  by 


Mr.  Hemsley,  but  how  thoroughly  it  is  suited 
to  the  climate  may  be  judged  from  the  illustra- 
tion we  gave  of  a  Bermuda  Lily  ground  some 
time  since.  The  botany  of  St.  Paul's  Rocks 
may  be  summed  up  by  saying  there  is  none,  at 
least  there  are  but  seventeen  plants  known,  and 
these  are  sea- weeds.  Fernando  Noronha  seems 
to  have  a  flora  like  that  of  Tropical  America, 
with  no  specially  numerous  endemic  elements, 
but  the  discourtesy  of  the  Governor  prevented 
a  full  investigation  of  this  little  known  island. 
Ascension  is  next  mentioned,  concerning  the 
extremely  scanty  vegetation  of  which  Mrs.  Gill 
has  a  few  incidental  memoranda  in  her  charm- 
ing Six  Months  in  Ascension— -d.  book,  by  the 
way,  not  included  in  Mr.  Hemsley's  biographi- 
cal list.  Some  notes  concerning  this  island 
may  also  be  found  in  earlier  volumes  of  this 
journal.  Dr.  Lindley  having  been  called  on  by 
Government  to  report  on  the  capabilities  of  the 
island.  The  flora  of  St.  Helena  is  richer  and 
better  known,  but  the  botanist  will  be  glad  to 
have  so  compendious  a  summary  as  that  given 
by  Mr.  Hemsley.  South  Trinidad  has  been 
visited  only  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  and  Dr. 
Copeland.  The  latter  gentleman  found  enorm- 
ous numbers  of  dead  trees,  but  not  one  living 
one.  A  Tree  Fern,  Cyathea  Copelandi,  has  been 
discovered  here,  but  up  to  the  present  only 
thirteen  species  are  known  from  this  island. 
The  vegetation  of  Tristan  d'Acunha  is  fairly 
well  known.  The  Crozets,  Kerguelen,  and 
Heard  Islands  have  a  substantially  identical 
flora.  In  Amsterdam  and  St.  Paul's  Islands 
the  Phanerogams  andCryptogams  occur  in  equal 
numbers,  though  only  thirty-eight  species  are  at 
present  known  (excluding  cellular  Cryptogams'. 

The  third  part  of  the  volume  is  devoted  to 
the  botany  of  Juan  Fernandez,  the  south 
eastern  Moluccas,  and  the  Admiralty  Isles. 
Juan  Fernandez  is  decidedly  Chilian  in  its 
vegetation,  with  a  strong  endemic  element. 
The  south-eastern  Moluccas  have  a  rich  luxu- 
riant vegetation,  the  constituents  of  which,  un- 
fortunately, are  only  imperfectly  known,  and 
the  same  may  be  said  of  the  Admiralty  Isles. 
The  work  is  completed  by  a  chapter  on  the 
various  seed-vessels,  seeds,  and  other  parts 
of  plants  collected,  as  drifts.  Moseley  even 
mentions  in  Little  Ki  Island  a  mass  of  epi- 
phytic pseudobulbs  of  some  Orchid  which  had 
been  washed  up  in  a  storm,  but  which  was  still 
in  vigorous  vitality. 

The  work  consists  of  three  separate  parts, 
each  with  separate  pagination,  and  with  its  own 
index  and  plates.  Happily  the  latter  are 
numbered  consecutively,  so  that  we  are  spared 
the  annoyance  of  three  sets  of  plates  in  one 
volume.  A  general  index  for  the  whole  volume 
is  a  desideratum,  and  a  separate  list  of  the  new 
species  and  genera  described  by  the  author 
himself  would  have  been  an  improvement. 

Mr.  Hemsley  has  completed,  with  great 
ability,  what  must  occasionally  have  been, 
from  its  necessarily  fragmentary  and  discon- 
tinuous character,  a  very  perplexing  task. 
Botani'ts  and  geographers  will  be  grateful  to 
him  for  the  work  he  has  accomplished,  the 
suggestions  he  has  made,  and  the  references  to 
other  literature,  that  he  has  supplied.  The 
plates,  sixty-five  in  number,  have  been  executed, 
very  satisfactorily  on  the  whole,  by  Miss  Smith. 

Considering  the  scanty  material  Mr.  Hems- 
ley too  often  had  to  deal  with,  his  work  com- 
pares favourably  with  that  hitherto  published  in 
connection  with  this  famous  expedition. 


Cydonia  japonica. — It  is  the  habit  of  some 

Pears  to  flower  twice  in  the  season,  the  second  bloom 
being  formed,  not  on  the  spur  of  last  season's  growth, 
but  on  the  new  shoot  of  the  year,  as  in  a  Rose.  This 
year  we  noticed  in  the  Chiswick  Garden  that  Cydonia 
japonica  is  doing  the  same  thing — a  pretty  clear 
proof  that,  great  as  the  difference  appears  to  be 
physiologically,  it  is  of  no  "  specific  "  importance. 


m 


LISSOCHILUS  KREBSII  VAR.  PURPURATA.^ 
This  is  a  far  finer  plant  than  the  original  form, 
and  is  really  a  most  beautiful  plant.  It  has  conical 
pseudobulbs,  about  3  inches  in  length,  with  very 
stout  roots,  and  broad,  thin,  plicate,  lanceolate  acute 
leaves,  the  longest  of  which  are  a  little  over  a  foot 
long  and  2  inches  across.  The  scape  is  3^  feet  in 
height,  and  terminated  by  a  raceme  of  twenty  flowers, 
four  of  which  only  open  at  a  time.  The  flowers 
measure  sometimes  nearly  2  inches  across.  The 
sepals  are  dark  green  at  the  back  and  deep  maroon- 
purple  in  front,  the  margins  being  revolu'e.  The 
petals  are  ovate,  bright  yellow  above,  and  paler  cream, 
faintly  veined  with  red,  beneath.  The  lip  dull 
orange  yellow  with  the  lateral  lobes  chocoUte-purple, 
streaked  with  darker  lines.  The  spur  lipped  with 
pink.  The  column  is  white.  The  plant,  which  has 
been  recently  introduced  by  Mr.  E.  A,  Heath,  from 
Southern  Africa,  is  now  flowering  in  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  Regent's  Park.  It  does  not  seem  to  pre- 
sent any  great  dithculties  in  cultivation,  and  is  cer- 
tainly well  worth  the  attention  of  Orchid  Trowers.  //". 
N.  Ridley, 


THE    FILMY    FERNS    OF 

JAMAICA. 
A  PERIOD  of  ten  years'  residence  in  the  island 
employed  in  botanical  and  horticultural  pursuits  has 
afforded  many  opportunities  for  becoming  acquainted 
with  these  beautiful  members  of  the  cryptogamic  flora. 
A  few  remarks  on  their  homes,  and  the  climate  and 
situations  in  which  they  are  found,  may  therefore 
be  of  some  interest  to  your  readers,  especially  to  those 
who  have  of  late  years  initiated  the  cool  system  of 
treatment  for  these  beautiful  plants.  Some  450  species, 
with  sixty-five  varieties,  of  Ferns  indigenous  to  the 
island  are  now  known  to  exist.  The  most  of  which 
have  either  been  seen  by, or  specimens  are  in  possession 
of  your  correspondent.  Of  this  number  some  forty- 
seven  species  belong  to  the  genera  Hymenophyllum 
and  Trichomanes.  Their  principal  home  is  among 
the  gullies  adjacent  to,  and  on  the  ridges  and  peaks 
of  the  highest  range  of  mountains  in  the  island  in 
situations  for  the  most  part  nearly  inaccessible,  and  not 
available  for  cultivation  on  account  of  the  steep  and 
precipitous  nature  of  the  mountain-side,  which  often 
closely  approaches  the  perpendicular,  and  is  seldom 
of  an  easier  slope  than  an  angle  of  45°.  In  many 
places  the  sides  of  the  main  ridge  is  broken  into 
subsidiary  ridges  by  large  gullies  or  ravines  through 
which,  during  the  rainy  season,  the  mountain  torrent 
foams  and  roars  on  its  way  to  the  sea,  bringing  down 
in  its  course  huge  boulders  of  rocks  from  the  heights 
above.  The  hills  and  gullies  are  clothed  throughout 
with  a  vegetation  wild  and  varied  in  its  character,  in 
which  the  Phasnogamnus  flora,  though  well  repre- 
sented, is  eclipsed  in  point  of  number  and  variety  by 
the  cryptogamic  Ferns,  Lichens,  mosses,  Hepati- 
cums,  and  fungi,  in  one  form  or  another,  are  to  be 
seen  on  every  branch  and  twig,  living  or  dead  ;  while 
on  the  ground  they  form  a  carpet,  including  number- 
less forms  of  varying  colour  and  of  exqusite  beauty. 
In  the  few  puddles  and  pools,  and  on  wet  rocks 
among  the  mosse>,  many  members  of  the  lowest  forms 
of  vegetable  life  find  a  congenial  home.  The  older  and 
well  known  forms  of  Algx,  Desmidiace3e  and  Diaio- 
macex  being  met  with  in  fair  proportion,  while  some 
few,  new  to  science,  have  lately  been  discovered. 
Among  the  trees  composing  the  forest,  lofty  speci- 
mens of  the  '*  Bloodwood,"  Laplacea  hasmatoxylon, 
Carab.,  prominently  abound,  covering  the  ground 
below  them  during  their  period  of  flowering  with  a 
snowy  carpet  of  their  while  deciduous  blossoms. 
Podocarpus  coriaceus.  Rich.,  the  "  Vacca "  of  the 
natives,  is  also  abundant  in  places,  but  its  habitat  is 
usually  so  inaccessible  and  remote  from  seaports  that 
its  wood,  in  common  with  many  others  indigenous  to 

Lissochiius  Krebsii  -jar.  purpurata,  n.  var.— Kloribus  speclo- 
sis ;  sepalis  dorso  viridibus  antice  atropurpure  s,  niarginibus, 
revolutis;  petalis  dorso  splendide  flavis,  antice  pallid ioribu=, 
venis  pallidc  rufis ;  labelli  lobo  medio  luteo,  costis  purpnreo 
tinctis,  lobis  lateralibus  brunneo-purpureis ;  calcare  brevi  apice 
ro.'^eo.  Africa  meridiqnalis.  Introd.  E.  A.  Heath.  H.  *V, 
Kidky. 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


103 


Jamaica,  though  of  good  value  for  cabinet  use,  will 
not  pay  the  cost  of  transit  to  the  seaside  for  export 
purposes,  especially  when  placed  in  competition  with 
woods  of  a  similar  character  more  readily  obtained 
from  other  countries. 

Cyrilla  anlillana,  Mich.  ;  Lyonia  jamaicensi>, 
Don  ;  Clethra  tinifolia,  Sw.  ;  Vaccinium  meri- 
dionale,  Sw.  ;  Fadyenia  Hookerii,  Endl  ;  two 
species  of  Uipholis,  several  Eugenias  (Myrtus), 
and  the  smooth  -  leaved  members  of  the  Ilicinas 
stud  the  ridges  mo5t  exposed  to  the  wind,  and 
by  their  weatherbealsn  appearance  bear  evidence 
of  the  humours  of  wild  Boreas.  The  Composites 
are  represented  by  Critonias  and  the  arboreous 
Senccios,  and  are  found  in  sheltered  spots  ia 
common  with  the  arboreous  species  of  S jlanum, 
Hedera,  and  Sciadophyilum,  with  two  or  three  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Enphorbiactx.  Climbing  Bamboo 
(Chusquea  abietifolia,  Gr. )  and  several  species  of 
Gieichenia,  form  almost  impassable  barriers  on  the 
more  exposed  or  infertile  spots  where  the  arboreal 
vegetation  is  somewhat  scanty.  Types  of  Melas- 
tomacese  and  Rubiaceoe  are  met  with  at  every  turn, 
while  Leguminous  trees  are  rendered  conspicuous  by 
their  total  absence.  It  is  in  traversing  the  ravines, 
gullies,  and  ridges  of  the  mountains  covered  with 
such  a  variety  of  vegetation  as  I  have  attempted  to 
describe,  thai  the  Filmy  Ferns  are  met  with  in  all 
their  native  beauty.  The  great  majority  of  them  are 
found  at  high  elevations,  for  the  most  part  in  well 
'shaded  and  sheltered  spotSj  secure  from  exposure  to 
sun.  wind,  and  storm,  and  in  situations  where  even 
at  mid-day  the  atmosphere  is  nearly  saturated  with 
moisture  almost  every  day,  even  during  dry  seasons. 
The  mountains  are  enveloped  in  cloud  and  mist, 
though  at  times  dissolved  by  the  sun,  they  are  again 
covered,  as  by  a  mantle,  at  the  approach  of  evening. 
The  temperature  in  these  regions  may  be  approxi- 
mately ascertained,  by  allowing  a  reduction  of  3^  Fahr. 
for  each  1000  feet  above  sea  level,  the  mean  annual 
temperature  of  which  stands,  for  Jamaica,  at  So"  Fahr. 
As  most  of  the  Filmies  are  inhabitants  of  regions 
between  3000  and  6000  feet,  it  follows  that  the  tem- 
perature most  suitable  is  a  range  from  62"  to  71°, 
mean  annual,  which  has  been  proved  by  experiment 
to  be  that  which  actually  exists.  The  range  of  daily 
temperature  at  5000  feet  is  from  19"  to  20°.  The 
maximum  temperature  seldom  being  above  75°,  or  the 
minimum  below  55"  in  the  warmest  months  ;  while 
in  the  cooler  months  a  difference  of  5''  in  both  maxi- 
mum and  minimum  may  usually  be  observed.  To 
those  of  your  readers  who  have  these  gems  in  culti- 
vation these  facts  may  be  of  interest,  but  there  are 
other  points  relating  to  their  habits  and  mode  of 
growth  which  must  be  attended  to  as  well  as  humidity 
and  temperature  to  ensure  success  with  artificial  culti- 
vation ;  but  as  these  points  vary  with  the  different 
species,  I  would  mention  them  for  convenience  in 
connection  with  each  species,  in  the  order  in  which 
they  are  placed  in  Jenman's  Hand-List  of  Jamaica 
Ferns— 2.  mere  list  in  itself,  but  soon,  I  trust,  to  be 
followed  by  a  more  important  descriptive  work  from 
the  same  pen.  A<;  the  elevation  is  given  at  which 
each  species  flourish,  the  temperature  it  requires  can 
be  easily  ascertained  by  noting  the  foregoing  remarks. 

List  of  Species  of  Hymenophyllum  and  Tri- 

CHOMANES  indigenous  TO  JAMAICA. 

{The  figures  between  parentheses  denote  the  height  above 

sea  level. ) 

Trichomanes  spicatum  (500 — 150c). — One  of  the  few 
species  found  at  low  elevations,  on  rocks,  In  gullies,  or 
by  river  sides. 

T.  reptans  (3000—5000). — In  gulHes,  on  wet  rocks, 
and  among  the  shorter  growing  Sphagna  and  HepalicEe. 

T.  punctatum  {2000 — 4000). — On  trees,  in  shady 
woods  and  ravines. 

T,  mcmbranaceum  (3000 — 4000). — Grows  on  wet 
rocks,  beside  waterfalls,  where  it  is  constantly  bedewed 
with  spray,  but  able  to  stand  some  degree  of  drought. 

T.     setiferum     (4000—5000). — The    smallest    of    the 
Jamaica  Ferns,  scarcely  ever  exceeding  three-quarters  of 
■  an  inch  in  length.     Grows  on  wet  rocks  in  deep  shade. 

T.  apodum. — Not  seen  growing. 

T.  muscoides  (3000--4000). — Grows  side  by  side  with 
T.  membranaceum. 

T.  pusillum  (4000— 5000).  —On  rocks  and  among 
mosses  on  shaded  and  moist  banks. 

T.  sinuosum. — Not  st-en  growing. 

T.  Bancroftii  (3000 — 4000).— Grows  on  damp  rocks  in 
shaded  gullies,  living  apparently  on  the  decayed  remains 
of  Alga:  and  mosses. 

T.  crispum  (5000—6000). — Finds  a  congenial  home  in 
forests  covering  the  peaks  and  ridges  of  the  highest 


mountains. T  It  grows''on  moss-covered  ground  on'peaty 
beds  ;  will  stand  water  overhead  in  quantity. 

T.  Kaulfussii  (5000— 6000).— Usually  found  growing 
under  shade  of  old  decayed  tree  ;tumps.  Doubtfully 
distinct  from  the  last.  Its  liabitit  may  account  for  the 
laxness  of  habit  and  thinness  of  texture,  which,  together 
with  its  reduced  basal  pinnae,  form  the  best  marks  of 
distinction. 

T.  crinitum  (4000 — 6000). — A  very  pretty  species  ; 
evidently  does  not  like  a  wet  jacket.  In  common  with 
all  the  viUose  species,  always  found  hidden  on  the  under- 
side of  a  rotten  tree  stump  or  Tree  Fern  root. 

T.  alatum  (4000—6000). — L'su/illy  grows  among  mosses 
at  the  base  of  *rree  t'erns  in  shaded  situations. 

T.  Krausii  (500 — 1000).— On  naked  stems  of  trees  near 
river  courses  under  thick  shade. 

T.  pyxidiferum  (4000 — 5000).— On  the  ground  among 
decaying  vegetable  matter,  and  on  rotten  tree  stems  in 
dense  woods. 

T.  radicans  (3000 — 6000). — In  ravines,  cHmbing  on 
rocks  and  tree  stems,  and  in  shady  woods  by  river  sides. 

T.  lucens  (5000). — One  of  the  rarest  and  handsomest 
of  all  the  indigenous  Trichomanes  ;  usually  found  on  the 
underside  of  rotten  and  overhanging  tree  stumps.  It 
has  a  pendulous  habit  of  growth  and  evidently  does  not 
like  overhead  moisture. 

T.  rigidum  (3000—6000). — Invariably  found  on  the 
ground,  under  shade.  Fronds  often  covered  with  Algse 
and  JungermannitC  ;  grows  in  stiff  clayey  soil. 

T.  scandens  (3000— 6ooo).— On  the  ground  and  on 
rotten  tree  stumps,  among  mosses  and  decaying  vege- 
table matter. 

T.  tenerum  (3000). — In  very  dense  woods,  on  damp 
dark  banks,  in  clayey  soil. 

T.  trichoideum  (4000— 6000).— This  Fern  covers  the 
stems  of  Tree  Ferns,  especially  Cyathea  pubescens,  to  a 
height  of  10  or  t2  feet  forming  a  thick  mossy  mass  in 
positions  where  it  must  receive  the  drip  from  surround- 
ing trees. 

Hymenophyllum  asplenioides  (3000 — 6000). — Covers 
stems  of  trees,  on  which  it  hangs  in  a  pendulous  manner, 
fairly  exposed  to  light,  but  not  to  direct  sunshine. 

H.  abruptuni,  H.  rarum,  H.  L'Herminieri  (4000 — 
6000). — .'\niong  mosses  on  rotten  logs  on  the  ground  in 
shady  woods. 

H.  polyanthus  (4000— 6000). —  The  most  common 
species  ;  grows  in  almost  every  conceivable  position,  on 
the  variety  of  which  depends  the  size  and  substance  of 
the  fronds  ;  will  stand  water  freely  overhead. 

H.  sphasrocarpum  15000). — On  shaded  and  overhang- 
ing damp,  clayey  banks,  among  roots,  &c. 

H.  undulalum. — Not  as  yet  noticed  in  situ. 

H.  axillare  (4000— 6000).— A  soft,  flaccid  species, 
growing  in  large  masses  on  overtianging  trees,  in  such  a 
position  as  to  freely  shed  any  water  that  falls  upon  it. 

H.  crispum  (4000—6000). — In  similar  positions  as  the 
last. 

H.  tunbridgense  (4000—6000). — Though  answering 
fairly  to  the  description  of  the  British  plant  I  have 
reason  to  think  our  species  is  merely  a  depauperated 
form  of  the  next. 

H.  fucoides  (4000 — 6000). — On  tree  stems  and  mossy 
trunks  in  shady  woods. 

H.  lanatum,  H.  hirsutum.  H.  Hneare,  H.  sericeuni 
(40C0— 6000). — .Are  all  of  similar  texture,  hirsute,  pen- 
dulous, and  impatient  of  stagnant  moisture.  Any  of 
them  will  soon  succumb  if  subjected  to  the  same  treat- 
ment that  H.  polyanthus  requires.  Though  impatient 
of  drought  they  should  have  a  free  play  of  air  around 
them,  tempered  with  humidity.  They  are  found  cling- 
ing to  the  shady  side  of  upright  or  leaning  rotten  stumps 
in  shady  woods. 

H.  CaiheriniE,  H.  ciliatum  (4000—6000). — Both  found 
in  precisely  similar  places,  among  moss,  on  decayed 
logs,  and  on  peaty,  moss-covered  soil  on  the  ground. 

H.  elegantissimum  {5000). ^A  most  beautifully  deli- 
cate and  fragile  species,  growing  in  deep  shade  in 
moist  situations,  on  banks,  or  at  the  base  of  Tree  Ferns. 

H.  mitellum,  H.  microcarpum(.iooo— 6000). — On  the 
ground  or  dead  logs  among  mosses  and  Hepaticae  in 
shady  woods. 

For  all  the  species  one  of  the  first  desiderata  in 
attempting  cultivation  is  to  secure  abundant  drainage. 
The  other  essentials  are  a  humid  but  not  stagnant 
atmosphere,  and  a  temperature  in  accordance  with 
elevation  at  which  they  are  found.  The  most  suitable 
potting  medium  for  the  generality  of  species  is  a 
mixture  of  fibrous  peat,  sharp  sand,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  thoroughly  decomposed  leaf-mould,  with 
the  addition  of  a  small  quantity  of  well  broken  porous 
brick  or  charcoal  which  has  been  well  exposed  to  rain 
and  air  to  remove  its  otherwise  somewhat  caustic 
propertie?.  ?.  H.  Hart,  Sn/^erintendent,  Govonmcnt 
Cinihona  Phutaliotis,  Jamaiia. 


TRADE    MEMORANDUM. 


C.     SteinpocKj 
Austria. 


Scheibmuhl  -  Traisen,     Lower 


GUIANA    ORCHIDS. 

Their  Insect  Friends  and  Foes.— When  I 
saw  Coryanthes  speciosa  flourishing  luxuriantly  with 
its  oval  mass  of  roots,  a  nest  for  myriads  of  stinging 
ants,  the  questions  naturally  occurred  to  me  :  — "  What 
is  the  connection  between  the  insect  and  the  plant  ?  " 
**  Is  there  any  benefit  or  injury  from  the  association  ?  *' 
"Did  the  Orchids  grow  on  the  ants'  nest,  or  the 
insects  make  their  home  in  the  root  of  the  plant  ?  " 

These  questions  can  be  answered,  thanks  to  Darwin, 
Lubbock,  and  other  naturalists  who  have  investigated 
the  connetion  between  ants  and  Orchids  ;  and  con- 
firmed by  my  own  observations  in  some  cases.  The 
Orchid  being  pendent  from  small  branches,  or  creep- 
ing plants,  it  affords  a  secure  asylum  for  the  insects, 
in  the  same  way  that  the  mocking-birds'  nest  is  hung 
from  the  outer  branches  of  tall  trees  to  preserve  the 
brood  from  their  enemies.  It  is  certain  that  the 
Orchid  sufters  no  injury  from  its  tenants,  but 
on  the  contrary,  flourishes  to  perfection  under 
such  circumstances.  That  the  plant  does  not 
originate  upon  the  ants'  nest  is  proved  by  the 
fact  that  young  specimens  are  often  found  un- 
inhabited, but  with  bunches  of  roots  similar  to  the 
older  ones.  *'Ants  plants"  derive  benefits  from 
their  tenants  from  the  fact  that  these  are  carnivorous, 
preying  upon  such  pests  as  naked  caterpillars,  cock- 
roaches, and  plant  mites.  It  is  a  common  and  inter- 
esting sight  to  watch  a  small  regiment  of  ants  carrying 
a  cockroach  up  a  wall,  or  attacking  a  live  caterpillar  ; 
but  when  an  army  of  yakman  or  hunter  ants  make  a 
raid,  hundreds  of  plant-eaters  may  be  seen  running, 
jumping,  and  crawling,  to  rid  themselves  of  their  tor- 
mentors, which  hold  on  in  spite  of  the  big  jumps  of 
grasshoppers,  or  the  rolling  of  caterpillars. 

In  growing  these  plants  near  the  coast  (their  tenants 
having  been  evicted  by  the  collectors),  some  difficulty 
is  experienced  to  keep  them  free  from  cockroaches, 
which  gnaw  at  the  roots,  and  often  kill  the  Orchids 
in  a  little  time.  In  collecting  them,  the  supporting 
branches  are  cut  away  quickly,  and  the  whole  plant 
dropped  into  the  water,  then  pushed  under  with  a 
long  pole  until  the  ants  come  to  the  surface.  As  may 
be  supposed,  the  collector  is  almost  certain  to  get 
well  bitten,  even  with  most  careful  management. 

Although  the  Coryanthes  is  benefited  by  its  freedom 
from  cockroaches,  &c.,  there  is  one  insect  which 
(being  essential  to  the  propagation  of  the  species)  it  is 
necessary  to  attract.  The  contrivances  by  which  the 
insect  is  attracted  are  among  the  most  wonderful  in 
Nature.  Below  the  bulbs  hangs  a  flower-stem  about 
2  feet  long,  near  the  tip  of  which  five  to  ten  flowers 
are  ranged.  The  texture  of  these  flowers  is  fleshy, 
and  probably  attractive  to  cockroaches,  but  these 
vermin  are  kept  away  by  the  ants.  It  is  rather  diffi- 
cult to  describe  the  flower  in  popular  language,  but 
the  general  shape  is  like  a  cock,  the  place  of  the 
body  being  a  cup,  into  which  a  liquid  drips  from  the 
horn-like  process  above.  When  the  flowers  open  a 
number  of  brilliant  green  flies  are  seen  swimming  in 
the  liquid  at  the  bottom.  They  have  been  attracted 
by  the  smell,  which  is  something  like  stale  meat,  and 
flying  at  that. part  which  stands  above,  they  fall  into 
the  cup,  wetting  their  wings  so  that  they  cannot  fly 
out.  The  sides  of  the  cup  being  steep  and  slimy,  and 
the  fly  smeared  over  with  the  liquid,  it  cannot 
climb,  but  moves  round  and  round,  like  a  cock- 
roach in  a  tea-cup,  sometimes  being  drowned 
instead  of  finding  the  way  out.  It  generally, 
however,  finds  its  way  to  the  only  place  of  exit,  where 
the  column  which  contains  the  essential  organs  of 
fertilisation  conies  near  to  a  gap  in  the  cup.  Seme 
force  is  necessary,  as  the  cup  is  like  a  spring  door, 
and  in  pushing  through  the  fly  passes  the  sligma 
(female  organ),  ruptures  the  box  containing  the  pollen 
(male  organ),  which,  being  glutinous,  sticks  to  its 
back,  and  is  carried  off.  The  wings  being  smeared 
it  cannot  fly,  but  crawls  from  one  flower  to  another, 
and  in  going  through  the  same  process  again  carries 
the  pollen  and  rubs  it  on  the  stigma,  thus  fertilising 
the  seeds.  Insect  fertilisation  of  Orchids  is  by  no 
means  so  certain  as  that  of  most  other  flowers.  Seed- 
vessels  are  rather  rare,  even  on  common  species,  not 
one  flower  in  a  hundred  producing  perfect  seeds  ;  but 
as  one  pod  will  have  20,000,  or  more,  it  is  not  so 
necessary  for  each  to  be  fertilised,  as  in  some  other 
plants.  I  have  often  watched  the  flies  doing  what  is 
here  described,  and  even  caught  them  with  the 
pollen  masses  adhering  to  their  backs.  [Figures  of 
Coryanthes  illustrative  of  these  phenomena  were  giveq 
in  vol.  xvii,,  1882,  p.  593.  Ed.] 


I04 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  1885. 


The  three  species  of  Coryantbes  show  the  best 
types  of  dependence  on  insect  friends,  but  most  of 
the  species  of  Orchids  are  fertilised  by,  and  many 
others  provide  homes  for,  them.  Epidendrum  bicor- 
nutum  has  hollow  bulbs  with  small  holes  at  the  base, 
where  the  ants  have  their  doorway.  These  bulbs 
are  the  perfection  of  ants'  nests,  their  inhabitan's 
being  perfectly  sheltered  from  rain  or  enemies.  This 
Orchid  is  difficult  to  cultivate,  even  in  England, 
probably  from  want  of  its  insect  protectors. 

Catasetum. 

The  Catasetums  usually  have  hood  like  flowers, 
and  below  the  hood  the  pollen  masses  are  contained 
in  little  spring  boxes.  From  the  anthers  or  pollen- 
boxes  two  antenna-like  appendages  project  inside 
the  hood,  one  nearly  straight  and  the  other  bent 
like  a  tish-hook.  When  the  flowers  open  a  great  buz- 
zing is  heard,  and  a  pretty  yellow  and  black  bumble- 
bee is  seen  hovering  round  Ihem.  Watching  carefully 
you  see  the  insect -fly  into  the  flower,  and  in  a  moment 
come  out  with  something  slicking  to  its  head.  It  has 
tickled  the  sensitive  antenna  of  the  flower,  the  spring 
box  is  opened,  and  out  jumps  the  pollen  mass  like  a 
skipjack,  adhering  by  means  of  a  disc  covered  with 
a  gum  like  birdlime.  Into  another  flower  goes  the 
bumble-bee,  and  pushing  its  head  against  the  stigma 
fertilises  the  flower.  The  pollen  masses  spring  out 
with  considerable  force,  and  when  touched  with  a 
needle  «ill  jump  6  feet,  adhering  closely  to  whatever 
comes  in  the  way. 

Many  of  our  Orchids  do  not  get  fertilised  in  George- 
town, pio'iably  because  the  particular  insect  required 
does  not  live  near  the  coast.  The  white  flowered 
species  are  generally  fecundated  by  nocturnal  moths, 
and  are  usually  highly  scented  at  night  ;  it  is  obviously 
more  difficult  to  see  the  process  in  their  cases.  Once 
only  (in  the  early  morning)  I  saw  a  hawk  moth  with 
its  long  proboscis  inserted  within  the  flower  of  Bur- 
linctonia  Candida. 

The  scale  insects  (cocci)  are  great  pests  to  Orchids, 
A  small  black  ant  is  always  found  with  the  coccus, 
apparently  living  on  some  exudation  from  it.  I  have 
thought  that  the  ants  have  something  to  do  with 
bringing  them,  acting  as  nurses,  but  I  have  not  been 
ahle  to  prove  it.  Possibly  they  may  carry  the  eggs 
from  one  plant  to  another,  as  I  have  seen  some  of  the 
deid  cocci  perforated  on  the  hick  as  if  an  ant  had 
been  getting  inside,  J.  R,,  " Dimaara  Argosy." 


A    MALAYAN    FOREST. 

Tropical  forest  would  be  a  better  term  than 
jjngle,  and  less  likely  t)  be  misunderstood  ;  for  it  is 
H  forest  of  noble  trers,  mingled  with  saplings,  tall 
and  slender,  growing  as  close  as  may  be.  When  one 
tries  to  analyse  the  constituents  of  the  mass,  the  eye 
soon  loses  itself  in  the  confusion  of  stems,  vines, 
branches,  and  foliage.  There  are,  however,  three 
kinds  of  tree  conspicuous,  that  is,  tall  saplings,  shorter 
trees  as  tall  and  straight,  a  foot  or  so  in  diameter, 
with  a  green  or  grey  smooth  bark  ;  and  finally  the 
large  brown  heavy  s'ems  with  rugged  scaly  bark 
(Drpterocarpus  and  Mammar  Pines).  From  the  latter 
hang  loose  swinging  vines  of  every  size,  from  the 
thickness  of  twine  to  stout  hawser,  sometimes  leafy, 
sometimes  like  loose  cordage,  or  the  tangled  rigging 
of  a  ship.  Then  the  leaves  are  of  every  shape — 
minute  or  immense,  opening  like  huge  umbrellas,  or 
spreading  in  feathery  sprays  like  a  mist  over  the 
water. 

These  leaves  are  of  every  colour.  The  glorious 
autumn  tints  of  a  European  forest  are  surely  outdone 
by  a  IVIalayan  jungle.  Looking  down  from  any  ele- 
vation the  trees  form  a  mosaic  pattern.  While  I 
write  I  see  around  me  crimson  and  light  green, 
yellow,  grey  with  brown,  and  even  blue  tints,  like  so 
many  gems,  for  they  always  glisten  with  the  moisture 
of  the  woods. 

The  stems  of  the  large  trees  are  seldom  without 
festoons  of  Draccenas,  Ferns,  and  climbing  plants.  At 
the  branching,  or  just  below  where  the  branches 
spread  out,  there  is  usually  a  crown  of  the  well-known 
liird's-nest  Fern  (Asplenium  nidus),  or  more  rarely  a 
species  of  Platycerium,  or  Stag's-horn  Fern.  A  stout 
Polypodium  Ileraclcum  often  makes  a  frill  round  the 
stems,  with  fronds  S  and  10  feet  long,  a  perfect  giant 
of  its  kind.  But  the  most  graceful  as  well  as  the  most 
common  Fern  is  Aspidium  exaltatum,  which  hangs 
down  its  long  feather-like  fronds  for  5  feet  and  more 
from  the  stems  of  trees.  I  once  measured  a  frond 
drooping  from  the  limestone  rocks  in  Salongore, 
which  was  10  feet  7  inches  long,  and  in  no  part  wider 
than  4  inches. 

We  have  hitherto  been  looking  above  us  in  this 


view  of  the  jungle.  As  we  lower  our  gaze  the  eyes 
rest  upon  the  close  growth  of  Bananas  and  Palms. 
Below  these  are  the  ground  Ferns,  the  Lycopods, 
Selaginellas,  the  fallen  timber  (in  great  abundance), 
the  fungi  (many  luminous  at  night),  and  many  small 
flowers  of  Gesneraceas,  Begonias,  and  Acanthaceos. 

The  evergreens,  which  twine  in  garlands  around  the 
stems  of  trees,  are  endless,  such  as  Peppers,  Dios- 
coreas,  and  the  pretty  bead-like  Dischidia.  The 
latter  plant  is  with  difficulty  distinguished  from  a 
Fern  named  Drymoglossum  carnosum,  which  spreads 
its  slender  brown  rhizomes  over  the  stems  of  nearly 
every  old  tree  in  the  peninsula.  The  barren  fronds 
are  nearly  round  and  somewhat  about  half  an  inch 
across,  while  the  fertile  ones  are  like  long  leaves  with 
the  fructification  halfway  between  the  midrib  and 
margin.  Near  the  ground  most  of  the  trees  have 
long  fringes  of  moss  (Jungermannia)  with  trans- 
parent Ferns  of  the  genera  Hymenophyllum  and 
Trichomanes. 

I  need  scarcely  say  that  this  is  the  country  for 
Orchids  ;  they  abound  in  every  tree  and  rock,  which, 
I  am  sorry  to  add,  they  do  not  in  general  adorn.  Few 
of  them  have  conspicuous  flowers,  the  general  aspect 
of  their  fleshy  stems  forcibly  reminds  one  of  half- 
withered  Cabbage  stumps.  Yet,  as  they  will  grow 
anywhere,  there  is  a  great  taste  for  hanging  them 
everywhere  by  amateur  gardeners  in  the  Straits  Set- 
tlements. Thus  verandahs  become  places  in  which 
you  can  scarcely  walk  with  safety.  These  plants  are 
perfect  ants'  nests,  with  an  occasional  centipede  ready 
to  invade  the  bedrooms  as  soon  as  the  rainy  season 
sets  in. 

There  is  a  curious  phenomenon  connected  with  the 
undergrowth  of  the  jungle  for  which  1  cannot  account. 
Mosses,  Ferns,  and  small  plants,  such  as  Selaginella, 
Ferns,  and  Melastomads  (Sonerilla  especially)  are 
clothed  in  certain  areas  with  a  beautiful  metallic  lustre 
of  the  clearest  blue,  like  the  blue  of  steel.  It  affects 
all  the  plants  in  the  locality, 

I  have  not  mentioned  yet  the  extraordinary 
brilliancy  of  the  variegations  of  leaves  among  certain 
shrubs,  notably  Maranta,  Begonia,  Caladium,  Anaec- 
tochilus,  and  Sonerilla.  They  all  grow  here  in  the 
greatest  profusion  close  to  the  ground  ;  a  small 
Sonerilla,  with  dark-green  heart-shaped  leaves, 
regularly  dotted  with  brilliant  white,  sometimes  covers 
acres  of  ground.  I  would  say  more  about  the 
Begonias,  but  every  horticulturist  knows  what  they 
are  better  than  I  can  describe.  This  country  is  one 
of  their  homes.  It  will  be  news  to  many  perhaps  to 
hear  that  the  Malays  use  the  succulent  leaf-stalks  pre- 
cisely as  we  do  Rhubarb. 

It  need  not  be  said  that  such  a  vegetation  gives  a 
shade  which  the  sun  can  scarcely  penetrate.  Just  at 
the  place  I  am  describing  the  forest  was  opened  to 
the  sky  by  the  stream,  whose  banks  were  fringed  by 
many  an  ornamental  shrub  and  flower.  Crinum, 
Pandanus,  and  Caladiums  grew  in  the  water  ;  Ixora 
coccinea  was  also  common,  so  that  every  few  yards 
the  colour  was  \aried  by  Its  thick  clusters  of  star-like 
scarlet  blossom.  Another  glory  of  the  jungle  is 
.Eschynanthus,  a  beautiful  crimson  creeper  often  seen 
on  trees. 

I  might  particularise  many  other  flowers,  but  it 
must  be  admitted  that  the  Malayan  jungle  derives  its 
beauty  more  from  its  graceful  masses  of  vegetation 
than  from  flowers,  and  thus,  with  all  its  luxuriance 
and  magnificence,  there  is  a  certain  sameness  every- 
where— lovely,  if  you  will,  but  which  palls  somewhat 
when  you  get  nothing  else. 

I  mrst  not  omit  to  mention,  however,  that  several 
of  the  fruits  are  very  ornamental.  The  crimson 
Modecca  is  just  like  a  large  Capsicum  ;  the  fruit  of  a 
Dysoxylon  like  an  Orange,  while  the  open  seed-pods 
of  some  Pithecolobiums  equalled  any  flower  in 
brilliancy.  The  Malays  brought  us  in  wild  fruits  such 
as  Mangosteens,  Lunsats,  and  some  wild  Grapes,  but 
none  very  savoury  ;  indeed,  some  of  the  party  suffered 
much  from  a  burning  throat  and  tongue  after  eating 
the  Grapes. 

For  vegetables  we  had  Yams  (Dioscorea)  and  the 
while  inner  leaves  of  a  Cabbage  Palm,  which  was 
very  agreeable  when  cooked,  besides  the  stalks  of 
the  Begonia  leaves  already  referred  to.  All  the  shrubs 
are  juicy  and  succulent,  as  one  might  expect  in  a 
country  where  rain,  rain,  rain  is  the  usual  weather. 

Gutia  trees  of  the  genera  Icosandra,  Bassia,  and 
Willughbeia  were  common.  A  small  incision  into 
the  latter,  which  bears  a  large  edible  fruit,  exudes  a 
thick  viscid  white  juice,  which  one  can  wind  off  in 
round  balls.     In  a  few  minutes  it  becomes  elastic, 


like  indiarubber.  There  are  many  trees  here  with 
milky  juices,  but  only  a  few  harden  into  a  good 
gutta.  The  Malays  of  Keddab,  however,  have  a 
method  of  hardening  some  of  these  sufficiently  to 
make  them  useful  in  adulterating  the  valuable  kinds 
of  rubber.  My  men  showed  me  how  this  was  done. 
They  collected  about  a  pint  of  juice  and  mixed  it 
with  common  salt,  which  caused  it  to  curdle.  The 
compressed  curds  from  this  juice  made  a  hard 
white  ball  about  I J  inch  in  diameter.  It  was  not 
elastic,  but  broke  into  pieces  like  enamel,  yet  not 
without  a  hard  blow.  The  substance  wants  all  the 
elastic  qualities  of  good  gutta,  but  still  might  be 
turned  to  many  useful  purposes.  The  tree  from  which 
the  juice  was  obtained  was  conspicuous  for  its  enor- 
mous leaves,  shaped  like  a  Fig  leaf,  and  often  2  feet 
in  diameter.  It  is  a  species  of  Pterospermum  (aceri- 
folium  ?),  and  is  common  throughout  the  Malay 
peninsula  and  China.  I  also  noticed  it  as  one  of  the 
most  common  trees  in  North  Borneo. 

It  was  rather  amusing  to  notice  one  way  in  which 
the  Malays  made  use  of  the  true  gutta  juice.  When 
their  thin  calico  clothes  were  torn — the  lacerations,  I 
need  hardly  say,  being  frequent  and  considerable — 
they  used  to  mend  them  by  bringing  the  edges 
together  and  plastering  the  rent  with  gutta  juice. 
This  made  a  permanent  and  strong  joint,  with  the 
additional  advantage  of  being  waterproof.  7,  Tenison 
IVooJs. 


SAXIFRAGA     PALLIDA,  Wall. 

Leaves  green,  very  spreading,  forming  a  flat 
rosette,  I — 2  inches  in  diameter,  with  a  flat  petiole 
and  an  elliptic  or  roundish  limb,  more  or  less  toothed 
on  the  margin,  \ — J  inch  long,  J  — J  inch  broad, 
sparsely  covered,  as  well  as  the  peduncles,  pedi- 
cels and  bracts,  with  short-jointed  colourless  hairs 
(scarcely  glandular).  Peduncles  1—4,  I — 4  flowered, 
1—4  inches  high,  including  the  }— 2  inches  long 
pedicels.  Flowers  \ — ^  inch  in  diameter  ;  basal  part 
of  the  calyx  obconic,  calyx-lobes  broadly  ovate,  sub- 
acute, at  first  suberect  or  a  little  spreading,  but  during 
the  ripening  of  the  fruit  becoming  more  or  less  re- 
flexed,  dull  green,  or  reddish  tinted,  glabrous,  ij — 3 
lines  long,  I  — ij  line  broad.  Petals  but  slightly 
spreading,  persistent  and  erect  in  fruit,  elliptical,  ob- 
tuse, 2—4  lines  long,  li— 3  lines  broad,  shortly 
clawed,  white,  with  or  without  red  tips  and  dorsal 
median  line.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  petals,  fila- 
ments white,  anthers  small,  red.  Ovary  half  superior, 
dull  purplish-red,  styles  very  short,  scarcely  any. 
Capsule  large,  seeds  ellipsoidal  acutish  at  both  ends, 
and  covered  with  beautifully  crenulated  longitudinal 
ridges,  as  viewed  under  a  lens.^S.  pallida.  Wall.,  in 
Sternb  ,  Saxifrag.  Su/tJ<!.,{.  23  ;  Hook.,  Fl.  Brit, 
Ind.,  ii.,  p.  394. 

A  neat  little  alpine  Saxifrage,  native  of  Sikkim 
Himalaya,  at  elevations  of  between  I3,oooand  17,000 
feet.  Plants  of  it  flowered  at  Kew  this  spring,  raised 
from  Himalayan  seed.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  per- 
sistence of  the  petals  during  the  ripening  of  the  seed, 
and  for  the  great  variation  in  the  size  of  the  flowers, 
N.  E.  Brown. 


ORCHIDS    FOR    AMATEURS. 

(Continued  from  f.  3:o,  r,./.    x.xiU. 

The  last  group  of  Cattleyas  contains  only  a  single 
species — 

CattUya  c'Urina. — It  is  a  native  of  the  lofty  moun- 
tains of  Mexico  and  Oaxaca.  It  grows  from  the 
under-side  of  the  branches  of  Oaks,  so  that  the  whole 
plant  is  inverted.  The  pseudobulbs  are  about  I  to 
2  inches  in  diameter,  egg-shaped,  and  covered  with 
loose  white  membranous  scales,  with  two  strap-shaped 
leaves,  which  are  glaucous  or  mealy.  The  flower- 
stalk  bears  two  large  waxy  yellow  flowers,  which  are 
bell-shaped  and  have  the  perfume  of  the  Jonquil. 

The  attempt  to  grow  this  plant  in  its  natural  in- 
verted position  does  not  appear  to  have  been  very 
successful,  but  splendid  specimens  have  lately  been 
sold  grown  in  baskets,  with  the  leaves  and  bulbs 
turned  upwards  instead  of  hanging  down.  It  should 
be  placed  in  the  Odontoglossum- house,  and  needs 
abundant  supplies  of  air.  I  believe  that  a  close 
atmosphere  is  its  greatest  enemy,  as  water  resting  upon 
its  leaves  or  amongst  its  roots  is  very  destructive  to 
it,  but  like  most  Orchids  it  is  easily  starved,  when 
it  produces  miserable  bulbs  and  flowers.  I  do  not 
think  it  is  a  plant  which  ever  does  well  in  large  cities 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


105 


or  in  their  vicinity,  but  I  am  not  sure  that  even 
under  such  conditions  it  might  not  be  grown  wilh 
success.  Heat  and  dry  air  are  sure  to  kill  it,  and  a 
cold   stagnant    wet   atmosphere   is   equally    fatal    to 

it.    B.    T.   L.  (;-„  ;,  cmiinutd.) 


VANDA    DENISONIANA. 

This  is  one  ol  Col.  Benson's  discoveries  in  the 
Arracan  Mountains.  It  was  originally  described  in 
our  columns  May  15,  1869,  p.  528,  when  the  6owers 
were  described  as  milk-white,  but  in  the  variety 
hebraica  exhibited  by  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  and  by 
Mr.  Nevile  Wyatt,  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  the  flowers  were  of  a  greenish- 
yellow  colour.  As  the  plant  was  fully  described  in 
our  columns  at  the  time  of  its  Brst  introduction,  and 
has  been  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  58 11, 
we  Deed  now  only  refer  our  readers  to  the  illustra- 


to  remote  places,  and  it  becomes  a  matter  of  moment 
to  pack  them  safely,  so  that  they  become  in  no  way 
disfigured. 

To  gather  fruit  fully  matured,  pack  it,  and  enable  it 
to  journey  safely  and  soundly  over  a  long  distance  by 
rail  or  other  means,  and  when  unpacked  to  be  secure 
that  it  shall  be  as  fresh  and  as  delicious  eating  as  if  just 
gathered  ripe  from  the  tree,  is  a  problem  which  it  has 
been  the  Messrs.  Webber's  desire  to  see  solved,  and 
satisfactorily.  Of  course  this  firm  of  fruit  salesmen  are 
not  greatly  concerned  as  to  the  results  of  packing 
Peaches  (or  private  use  only.  They  have  business 
transaction^  wilh  many  private  gardenfcrs,  who  in  their 
employers'  interests  send  to  Covent  Garden  large 
quantities  of  surplus  fruit  fur  sale,  and  which,  if 
arriving  damaged  through  defective  packing,  proves 
unsatisfactory  equally  to  salesman  and  sender.  Old 
hands  at  this  sort  of  thing  and  trade  growers  as  a  rule, 
do  their  packing  well.  Privite  gardeners,  whatever 
their  assumed  knowledge  and  ordinary  practice,  seldom 


that  with  simple  means  and  ordinary  care  Peaches 
that  are  well  matured  though  not  soft  ripe,  can  be 
sent  some  distance  per  rail  as  ordinary  parcels 
with  complete  safety.  A  flat  deal  box  from  3  to 
4  inches  in  depth  inside  according  to  the  size  of  the 
fruit  to  be  packed,  a  little  soft  tissue-paper,  and  some 
clean  sweet,  dry  moss  are  the  materials  needed,  and  not 
only  experience  extending  over  many  years,  but  even 
the  limited  comoetition  the  other  day,  showed  that 
the  moss  is  far  before  wadding,  or  any  other  packing 
material.  Moss  is  soft,  cool,  and  elastic.  It  leaves 
fruit  at  the  end  of  the  journey  just  as  when  packed, 
and  though  so  elastic  as  to  ofif^r  no  pressure  on  any 
one  part  of  the  fruit  yet  it  grips  effectively.  Wadding, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  comparatively  non-elaslic,  and 
olTers  but  little  resistance  to  pressure.  A  box  with 
bottom  covered  with  wadding  yields  nothing  to  the 
touch,  but  a  moss  bottom  is  soft  and  yielding.  The 
same  result  is  found  when  wrapping-wadding  only  parts 
one  soft  fruit  from  another,  and  equally  bad  results 


Fig.    21.  —  VANDA   DENISONIANA  :     FLOWERS    IVORY-WHITE, 


tioD  at  fig.  21,  taken  from  a  plant  In  the  collection  of 
Sir  Trevor  Lawrence. 


PACKING  PEACHES  FOR 
TRANSIT. 
The  competition  which  through  the  liberality  of 
Messrs.  Webber  &  Co.,  of  Covent  Garden,  took 
place  at  South  Kensington  last  week  in  Peach  pack- 
ing for  transit^  without  doubt  created  more  interest 
amongst  the  gardeners  present  than  did  other  exhibits. 
We  know  pretty  well  all  that  can  be  learnt  about 
Peach  culture^  and  are  not  less  familiar  with  fine 
fruit ;  indeed,  the  show  tables  show  us  from  time  to 
time  that  in  the  matter  of  Peach  growing,  both  on 
walls  and  under  glass,  our  growers  can  hold  their 
own  against  the  world,  always,  of  course,  subject 
to  climatal  conditions,  which  it  is  to  our  home 
growers*  credit  that  they  can  successfully  over- 
come. But  Peaches,  whilst  very  beautiful  when 
hanging  on  trees,  when  gathered  have  often  to  be  sent 


do  so  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  salesmen,  hence  the 
establishment  of  these  competitions.  In  previous  years 
we  have  seen  these  packing  competitions  limited  to  one 
occasion,  and  comprising  Strawberries,  Peaches,  and 
Grapes.  That  such  combination  limited  competition 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  with  a  view  to  make  that 
competition  wider,  the  one  class  has  this  year  been 
broken  up  into  three  ;  the  first,  that  for  a  box  of  Straw- 
berries, having  come  off  in  May  ;  and  that  for  a  box  of 
Peaches,  of  not  fewer  than  twenty-four  fruit,  last  week. 
The  competition  for  the  Grape  packing  fitly  stands 
over  till  the  Grape  show  in  September,  The  first 
competition  for  the  year,  that  for  a  box  of  Straw- 
berries, brought  poor  competition,  and  should  the 
prizes  be  offered  another  year  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
gardeners  will  show  towards  them  more  public  spirit. 
The  Peach  competition  of  last  week  was  very  satis- 
factory, as  no  fewer  than  eight  boxes  were  sent, 
although  Mr.  Webber  lamented  that  none  of  the 
older  and  more  experienced  packers  entered,  if  but  to 
show  younger  men  how  good  packing  should  be  done. 
Still  the   competition   sufficed    to  establish   the  fact 


are  reached  when  thin  coatings  of  wadding  divide  the 
fruits,  and  thick  pieces  are  pushed  into  the  interstices 
where  they  cannot  touch.  Then  wadding  is  absorbent 
of  the  juices  of  the  fruit.  On  opening  the  boxes 
the  other  day  the  judges  were  surprised  to  find 
how  dry  and  cool  was  the  moss,  and  damp  the  wad- 
ding, indeed  it  felt  quite  moist.  It  is  true  that  wad- 
ding contains  a  good  deal  of  animal  oil,  which  may 
promote  this  sweating,  and  impart  its  flavour  to 
the  fruit,  but  it  is  certain  that  the  chief  portion 
came  from  the  Peaches,  and  was  abstracted  from 
them.  How  such  dampness  in  the  packing  material 
would  act  disastrously  un  the  fruit  in  a  long  journey 
can  be  well  understood.  In  the  estimation  of  expe- 
rienced salesmen  wadding  is  about  as  bad  a  packing 
material  as  can  be  found  for  choice  fruit.  Of  course 
in  packing  ripe  Peaches  in  moss  careful  handling  and 
manipulation  are  needful  :  a  wrapping  first  in  soft 
paper,  and  little  of  that — indeed,  only  enough  to  keep 
the  fruit  clean.  That  should  be  done  wilh  cool  hands. 
Then  having  placed  a  neat  even  layer  of  moss  in  the 
bottom  of   the  box    the  packer   will  commence  by 


io6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY   25,    18 


come,  and  hoUowing      .h,ow  off  the  sepals  which  adhere  at  the  points,  and      so  H.it  J  '^^^'^r:^^^^^^^^^^ 


placing  a  wad  of  moss  in  ^j..^  ^•^...^., »       --     ---      •■  j  j     "  t  1        -ti, 

itslighlly  to  suit  the  form  of  the  fruit;  then  another      finally    fall,    carrying    the    unexpanded    petals   wun 
Oiem.     The  best  situa\ion  I  find   to  be  under  a  south 


wad  followed  by  another  fruit,  the  hollowing  process 
being  repeated  until  the  box  is  full,  and  each  fruit  )S 
set  in  a  soft  nest.  A  layer  is  then  laid  over  the  top, 
the  lid  is  carefully  screwed  down,  and  all  is  secure. 
For  Peach  packing  purposes  moss  should  not  only  be 
collected  in  the  spring,  but  be  kept  dry  and  clean  in 
crates  or  hampers  for  this  special  u^e.  Bian  was 
employed  in  one  of  the  boxes  seen  at  South  Kensing- 
ton last  week,  and  although  simple  enough  yet  is 
such  an  uncertain  quantity  that  its  capacity  to  remain 
firm  cannot  be  trusted.  In  this  one  instance  it  was 
found  on  opening  the  box  that  cither  some  had 
escaped  during  the  transit  or  else  that  shaking  had 
settled  it  down  unduly.  In  any  case  a  considerable 
vacuum  was  found,  which  it  would  have  taken  a 
quart  more  of  bran  to  fill.  Oat  hulls  were  also  in 
one  case  employed  with  w,adding,  but  the  line  points 
of  the  hulls  penetrated  both  wadding  and  fruit,  and, 
in  addition,  settled  down  unduly,  as  did  the  bran. 
Absolutely  the  best  packing  material  is  moss,  and 
gardeners  will  do  well  to  take  note  of  the  fact.  ^^^  '™S 
A,  Dean. 


wall,  shaded  from  all  sun  after  10  in  the  morning  by 
trees  ;  but  at  the  best  I  have  never  produced  or  seen 
anything  like  the  picture  in  Miss  North's  collection 
at  Kew,  and  conclude  that  M.  Wallichi,  like  many 
other  Himalayan  plants,  will  always  dower  better  in 
its  mountain  home  than  in  English  gardens. 


PLANTS   IN   FLOWER  AT  EDGE 
HALL. 

ROMNEYA  COULTERI.— This  beautiful  Californian 
Poppy  is,  without  doubt,  a  difl'icult  plant  for  cold 
soils  and  cloudy  climates ;  but  it  ought  not  to  be 
despaired  of  without  a  trial,  and  it  is  worth  the 
trouble  it  gives.  Good  seed  is  not  easy  to  obtain,  as 
I  find  that  the  seed  of  all  Poppies  germinates  badly 
in  proportion  to  the  length  of  time  it  has  been  kept. 
A  Californian  collector  of  seeds  lately  complained  to 
me  that  good  thing;  were  not  appreciated  in  England, 
as  two  years  ago  he  offered  seed  of  Romneya  Coul- 
teri  in  England  at  a  dollar  an  ounce,  and  only  sold 
two  or  three  ounces  at  that  price.     Some  of  this  seed      improves  the  flowers.    With  this  treatment  more  th 


LiNUM  NAREONENSE. 

This  is  by  far  the  finest  blue  perennial  Flax  I  have 
seen.  I  was  surprised  last  week  to  find  in  several 
good  gardens  in  the  South,  L.  perenne  growing  under 
this  name.  The  plants  had  been  obtained  from 
nurseries,  and  this  accounts  for  a  statement  I  have 
seen  in  some  garden  paper  that  L.  narbonense  is  no 
better  than  L.  perenne.  I  first  obtained  the  true  plant 
from  a  garden  at  Colwyn  Bay,  and  though  tender  it 
has  survived  the  last  three  winters  at  Edge.  The 
form  of  the  flower  is  very  different  from  that  of  L. 
perenne.  Besides  being  twice  the  size  and  substance 
pals  do  not  expand,  so  as  to  allow  the 
flower  to  open  flat,  but  form  a  funnel,  giving  the  flower 
a  campanulate  or  turbinate  form.  The  petals  of  L. 
perenne  are  about  \  of  an  inch  long,  whilst  those  of 
L.  narbonense  are  fully  \\  inch.  The 
plant  forms  a  spreading  bush,  branching  at  the 
ground  line  from  a  single  root-stock,  and  requires  to 
be  increased  by  cuttings.  It  dies  back  in  winter 
nearly  to  the  ground,  and  is  worth  being  preserved 
by  a  cloche,  but  in  mild  winters  requires  no  pro- 
tection. 

Inula  glandulosa. 

This  very  showy  plant  is  always  at  its  best  in  the 
month  of  June,  though  its  flowering  season  is  not 
long.  Some  of  the  flowers,  which  are  bright  orange- 
yellow,  are  nearly  6  inches  across.  It  increases  fast, 
does  well  in  any  position,  and  requires  no  attention 


but  of  course  full  and  complete  descriptions  of  the 
kinds  grown  in  previous  trials  may  always  be  referred 
to  if  desirable. 

In  the  present  case  some  few  old  kinds  are  found 
with  the  new  sorts,  and  one  result  seems  to  afford  proof 
that  in  the  matter  of  first  early  kinds  there  has  been 
no  great  advance  for  several  years,  indeed  it  seems 
doubtful  whether  we  can  hope  to  induce  any  fair 
cropping  .ind  generally  useful  kinds  to  turn  in  earlier 
than  does  Earliest  of  All  ;  which  seems  to  have  the 
start  of  all  others  by  two  or  three  days.  It  is  a  small 
podded  kind,  and  valuable  only  because  of  its  faculty 
of  yielding  a  gathering  ere  William  I.  and  Best  of  All 
are  available.  Indeed  here  First  and  Best  seems 
to  be  the  very  next  earliest.  This  kind  has  been 
grown  from  both  English  and  American  seed.  A  test 
trial  has  been  made  in  several  cases  for  the  purpose  of 
discerning  how  far  home  growth  differed  from  that 
raised  in  the  United  States,  the  result  may  be 
generally  stated  to  be  thus  :— The  American  seed 
came  through  a  couple  of  days  or  so  earlier,  but  at 
blooming  and  podding  time  not  the  least  difference 
could  be  discerned.  The  American  Royal  New 
Yorker  appeared  to  be  the  same  as  First  and  Best, 
whilst  Alaska  not  only  bore  a  close  resemblance  to 
Earliest  of  All,  but  was  just  about  as  early  to  pod. 

It  is  thus  seen  that,  taking  these  American  Earliest 
with  American  Wonder  as  examples  of  the  Trans- 
atlantic varieties,  that  our  American  cousins  are  not  a 
whit  ahead  of  us  in  the  matter  of  precocious  Peas. 
It  was  instructive  to  find  growing,  just  for  this  season, 
sent  by  a  seed  firm,  such  old  kinds  as  Harrison's 
Glory,  Blue  Imperial,  and  Dwarf  Long-pod,  the  latter 
perhaps  thought  to  be  a  fine  Pea  in  its  day,  but  all 
are  poor  enough  now  and  hardly  worth  cultivation, 
except  the  former,  which  is  fairly  hardy  and  is 
thus    favoured  for  field  culture.      Apart   from  Tele- 


except  a  rich  dressing  in  early  spring,  which  greatly       phone,  which  here  as  elsewhere   seems  to  be  one  of 


probably  remains  on  the  market.     In  the  spring  of 
last   year  I  obtained  a  packet  of  seed  from  Mr.  W. 
Thompson,   of  Ipswich,   from   which   I   raised    more 
than  twenty  plants,   the  seed  germinating  in  a  cold 
frame  in  three  or  four  weeks.    In  the  springof  this  year 
I  obtained  seed  from  three  different  sources,  but  did 
not  raise  a  single  plant.     Of  those  I  raised  last  year  I 
distributed  the   larger   part   amongst   friends   having 
warm  gardens,  reserving  only  three.     One  of  these  I 
planted  in  July  last  year  under  a   south    wall,   and 
hough  it  did  not  flower  it  was  4  feet  high  at  the  end 
of  autumn.     hK  the  beginning  of  winter  it  was  sur- 
rounded with  bricks,  on  which  a  hand-light  was  set, 
and  removed  in  April.    Last  year's  shoots  still  remain 
green,    but  have  made   no    Bower-buds.       It   is   the 
young  wood,  thrown   up  each  year  from  the  ground, 
which  alone  seem  to  produce  the  flowers  of  the  year. 
Of  these  there  are  three  or  four  now  7  feet  high,  with 
several  branches,  each  bearing  a  terminal  bud  or  flower. 
The  flowers  do  not  always  open  well.     The  sepals  be- 
come so  hardened  as  to  resemble  the  husk  of  a  Spanish 
Chestnut,  and  from  many  flowers  I  have  had  to  pick 
them  oft,  in   order   to  liberate  the  petals  and  allow 
them  to  expanil.     The  other  two  plants  which  I  re- 
served, were  kept  through  winter  in  a  frame  in  7-inch 
pots,    and    planted    out    in    May.     This    treatment 
stunted  their  growth,  and  they  do  not   seem  likely  to 
flower  this  year.     Romneya  Coulteri  is  woil'a  a  trial 
in   all    warm    gardens.      I  saw    fine   plants  of  it   in 
flower  last  summer  in  the  gardens  of  Sir  W.  Bowman, 
near    Dorking,   and  of  Miss  Jekyll  at  Munstead.     I 
heard   that    no  seed    was  ripened   in    either  of  these 
gardens.     I  have  not  heard  of  any  way  of  propagating 
the  plant  except  from  seed. 

Meconopsis  Wallichii. 

The  first  difficulty  with  this  plant  is  to  obtain  good 
seed.  My  friends  kindly  send  me  seed  from  many 
quarters,  but  only  twice  have  any  plants  been  pro- 
duced here,  once  from  seed  sent  by  Colonel  Stuart 
Wortley,  ripened  near  Regent's  Park,  and  once  from 
seed  of  the  brown  variety  produced  in  Mr.  Wilson's 
garden  at  Wisley.  From  the  former  I  raised  about 
100  plants  in  the  spring  of  1S83,  many  of  which  are 
now  flowering  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  At 
Edge  about  a  dozen  are  in  flower,  the  average  height 
being  about  6  feet.  The  colour  of  the  flowers  varies  from 
reddish-brown  to  good  light  blue,  but  their  behaviour 
is  not  quite  satisfactory.  They  open  few  at  a  time, 
twelve  or  fourteen  at  once  on  each  piant  being  a  lull 
average.  Sun  or  rain  soon  causes  them  to  wither, 
and  the   flowers   often  have  not   enough   vigour  to 


one  of  my  plants  have  this  year  produced  double 
flowers  on  the  same  roots  with  single,  imitating  in 
this  the  habit  of  Helianthus  multiflorus. 

Aster  Thomsoni. 
This    rare   and    showy  Aster  from    Eastern  Asia, 
comes  into  flower  at  the  beginning  of  July,  and  con- 
tinues till  late  autumn.    It  came  to  me  from  a  nursery, 

1  think  Mr.  Ware's,  as  Calimeris  incisa,  but  Mr. 
Baker  of  Kew  gave  me  its  true  name,  adding  that 
mine  was  the  first  he  had  ever  seen  alive.  It  grows 
about  2  feet  high,  producing  flowers  abundantly  about 

2  inches  across,  of  a  good  lavender  colour.  It  forms 
a  spreading  bush,  branching  at  the  ground  line  from 
a  single  root-stock,  and  cannot  therefore  be  divided. 
It  produces  abundance  of  seeds,  which  germinate 
sparingly.  The  leaves  are  sessile,  deeply  serrated, 
more  than  2  inches  wide  near  the  base,  and  tapering 
to  an  acute  point.  These  leaf  characters  serve  to 
distinguish  Aster  ThomsoiTi  from  Calimeris  incisa,  a 
plant  of  far  less  merit  for  garden  decoration,  having 
narrow  lanceolate  leaves,  and  flowers  with  thinner  and 
more  straggling  rays.  C.  WolUy  Dod,  Edge  Hall, 
Cheshire,  July  18. 


the  finest  croppers  and  podders  amongst  tall  kinds 
and  one  of  the  earliest,  the  best  kinds  are  to  be 
found  chiefly  in  selections  from  stocks  sent  by  Messrs. 
Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  and  Mr.  Eckford. 

Before  noticing  these,  however,  we  must  refer  to  a 
very  fine  kind,  Sharpe's  Early  Paragon,  a  6-feet  kind 
producing  large,  well-filled  pods  j  a  really  first-rate 
marrow  and  early.  This  kind  received  a  First-class 
Certificate  last  year. 

From  Mr.  Eckford,  who  has  dropped  upon  a  fine 
strain  of  marrows,  the  best  of  which,  amongst  dwaif 
kinds,  seems  to  be  Shropshire  Hero,  2i  feet  high, 
and  which  has  been  honoured  with  a  First-class 
Certificate.  This  is  a  capital  cropper  and  robust 
grower.  Its  pods  are  somewhat  curved,  fine,  and  well 
filled.  It  should  make  a  first-rale  main  crop  kind. 
Emperor  is  a  6-feet  Pea,  having  pods  of  a  some- 
what British  (;>ueen  type,  but  a  trifle  more  pointed, 
fills  well, and  is  a  very  fine  cropper  for  the  mid-season. 
British  Trump,  by  the  same  raiser,  is  also  a  tall,  free 
cropper,  has  large  handsome  pods  ;  Peas  sweet  and  of 
excellent  quality.  A  very  fine  kind  is  Quality  ;  it  has 
green  pods  of  Ne  Plus  Ultra  form,  but  finer,  and  is  a 
grand  cropper,  and  of  the  finest  quality— has  been 
certificated.  The  Baroness,  another  tall  and  grand 
Pea,  has  fine  pods  and  is  a  heavy  cropper.  And 
last,  Eckford's  Duke  of  Connaught,  6  feet  high,  a 
grand  mid-season  Pea  ;  pods  long,  straight,  and  full 
—has  been  previously  certificated. 

Messrs.  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons  have  amongst  others, 
Prodigy,  a  tall  kind,  heavy  cropper,  carries  a  huge  pod, 
full  of  heavy  seeds,  high  quality.  It  is  a  good  mid-sea- 
son marrow,  and  has  a  First-class  Certificate.  Gladia- 
tor, from  the  same  firm,  is  a  capital  late  kind,  3  feet 
in  height,  fine  cropper,  and  with  large  stout  pods. 
Autocrat,  growth  from  3  to  4  feet  in  height,  is  a 
dwarf  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  pods  green  and  full,  and  Peas 
sweet  and  excellent— a  capita!  late  kind.  Universal 
is  also  from  Veitch  &  Sons,  rather  dwarf  habit,  has 
semi-curved  pods,  well-filled,  and  is  a  fine  cropper. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Son's  Wordsley  Wonder,  height 
3  feet,  crops  freely,  but  the  pods  are  uneven  in  size, 
perhaps   owing  to    the   season.     Its   pods   are    very 


TRIAL-PEAS   AT    CHISWICK. 

In  the  same  way  that  the  drought  has  discounted 

the   produce   of    the    ordinary   garden   crops    round 

London  just  so  has  it  materially  affected  the  growth 

and  pre  luctiveness  of  the  Peas  which  have  this  year 

been    grown    for    trial    in   the    Royal    Horticultural 

Gardens,   at  Chiswick.     Still  the   tiial  has  not  been 

an  unsatisfactory  one,  especially  as  far  as  the  earlier 

kinds  are  concerned,  because  all  the  sorts  were  sown 

eailv  and  the  soil,  though  not  holding,  is  rich  and 

deeply    woiked.     In   spite   of  the   drought  there  is, 

however,  no  mildew,  the  chief  injury  resulting  being 
found  in  the  check  to  that  full  and  complete  develop- 
ment of  growth  and  podding  without  which  it  is  not 
always  possible  to  find  out  the  true  character  of  the 

various  kinds  under  trial.     Peas,  as  is  well  known,       p,cii,<.p=   ^^.^f,   .-    .  - 

need  moisture  and  deep  holding  soil,  but  get  these       scimetar-shaped,   and  the  small  ones  resemble  those 
requirements  almost  exclusively  when  grown  under       of  the   old    Auvergne.      Chancellor,    from  the  same 
exceptional  conditions,  unless  the  season  be  unusually       firm,  seems  to  be  a  superior  kind,  has  fairly  long  pods, 
favourable.     When  such  is  the  case  then  the  growth       crops  freely,  and  is  a  good  late  variety, 
and  production  seen  at  Chiswick  is  as  good  as  may  Amongst   old    kinds    Champion   of    England   and 

be  seen  anywhere.  For  that  reason  we  may  accept  Fortyfold,  growing  side  by  side,  seem  to  be  identical, 
the  present  reason's  results  as  fairly  correct,  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra  is  also  close  by,  and  shows  a  fairly 
probably  as  good  as  would  have  been  obtained  in  good  crop.  The  dwarf  Stratagem  and  Piide  of  the 
most  other  places.     Space  at  Chiswick  is  at  present      »'"'-'    "- 


Market,  though  generally  so  good,  do  not  seem  to 


JULV   25.     1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


107 


thrive  so  well  here  as  the  taller  Telegraph  and  Tele- 
phone. 

Of  Mr.  Laxton's  novelties  Seedling  No.  15,  which 
has  had  a  First-class  Certificate,  and  is  6  feet  in  height, 
is  a  very  fine  podded  kind,  in  the  best  sample,  but 
not  quite  true  generally,  seems  to  be  the  best. 
Ameer,  just  certificated,  is  but  a  reproduction  of 
William  I.,  with  pods  a  trifle  finer. 

Bliss'  Abundance,  First-class  Certificate  last  year, 
is  a  good  Pea,  but  their  D.  A.  No.  2,  3  feet  high, 
looks  better. 

It  would  very  much  facilitate  the  work  of  testing 
these  novelties  if  raisers  would,  in  sending  seed,  men- 
tion probable  height,  season,  and  kind  on  which  any 
may  be  thought  an  improvement. 


COLONIAL    NOTES. 

Madras  Forests. — The  annual  Administration 
Report  of  the  Forest  Department,  Madras  Presi- 
dency, for  18S3-84  has  reached  us.  It  is  full  of 
statistical  detail,  relating  to  the  forest  products  of 
such  places  as  Thirumaladevarakonda  and  Molami- 
dakamboladinna  !  The  most  important  part  of  this 
formidable  publication  for  home  readers  is  the  list  of 
trees  and  shrubs  of  the  Northern  Circars,  compiled 
from  personal  observation  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Gamble. 
The  conservator  also  points  out  the  necessity  of  fell- 
ing trees  flush  with  the  ground,  so  that  there  may  be 
good  coppice-shoots,  capable  of  forming  good  trees, 
instead  of  pollard  shoots,  which  cause  the  centre  of 
the  old  stool  to  rot. 

Botanic  Garden,  Cape  Town. 

The  Director's  report  for  18S4  shows  that  the  great 
reproach  to  the  colony  in  the  management  of  the 
garden  still  continues  and  paralyses  the  legitimate 
work  of  the  garden. 

Finding  that  the  inquiry  for  Cape  bulbous  plants  is 
rapidly  increasing,  these  plants  have  been  actively 
collected  and  grown  from  seed.  The  garden  bulb 
stock  housed  this  year  for  export  has  never  been 
equalled  in  extent.  A  considerable  number  of  species 
of  terrestrial  Orchids  has  been  added,  in  the  hope 
that  the  Cape  may  be  represented  in  European 
Orchid  collections  by  something  more  than  the  old 
favourite  Disa  grandiflora,  L. 

During  the  temporary  relaxation  of  the  original 
Phylloxera  proclamation  an  endeavour  was  made  to 
get  in  a  stock  of  the  newest  sorts  of  Roses,  Fuchsias, 
and  Pelargoniums.  As,  however,  they  did  not  arrive 
till  after  the  passing  of  a  resolution  in  Parliament 
restoring  the  prohibition,  the  stock  was  given  up  and 
destroyed  on  landing.  There  is  no  doubt  that  while 
it  may  be  advisable  to  prevent  the  importation  of 
rooted  plants,  whether  open  or  in  Ward's  cases, 
the  prohibition  of  dry  bulbs  and  tubers  is  a  refine- 
ment of  precaution  which  might  as  reasonably  be 
extended  to  the  straw  packing  of  bottled  wine  from 
phylloxerised  districts,  to  compressed  hay.  Hops,  or 
even  corn  itself. 

Agri-Horticultural   Society  of  Madras. 

This  Society  has  throughout  the  year  earnestly  con- 
tinued its  work  with  a  view  to  compassing  the  objects 
for  which  it  was  founded  very  nearly  fifty  years  ago, 
namely,  the  promotion  of  horticulture  and  the  en- 
couragement of  improvements  in  agriculture,  and  its 
labours  have  not  been  unrewarded,  though  the  season 
on  the  whole  cannot  be  called  a  good  one.  In  the 
oflice  letter  books  will  be  found  1623  letters,  many  of 
them  of  much  importance,  written  and  entered  during 
the  year,  which  of  course  do  not  include  numerous 
notes  written  by  the  officers  of  the  Society,  of  which 
it  was  unnecessary  or  inconvenient  to  keep  a  record. 
The  correspondence  of  the  Society,  which  is  to  a  great 
extent  a  rough  gauge  of  the  amount  of  work  it  is 
doing,  has  very  nearly  doubled  during  the  last  ten 
years,  and  trebled  since  1S69.  The  principal  work  of 
the  Society  consists  in  the  introduction  and  diffusion 
of  economic  plants,  and  in  the  supply  of  information 
on  such  matters.  The  annual  flower  show  was  not  so 
successful  as  usual,  owing  to  excessive  rainfall  of  the 
season,  and  to  a  cyclone  on  Nov.  21,  iSSi. 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Peradenyia. 
Dr.  Trimen's  report  for  1S84  summarises  as  usual 
the  principal  work  of  the  year  in  the  gardens  under 
his  charge.  A  summer-house  or  kiosk  is  to  be  erected 
in  the  garden  in  the  native  Kandyan  style  of  architcc- 
tuie,  in  memory  of  Dr.  Thwaites.     Tea  planting  is 


rapidly  superseding  that  of  CotTee,  the  cultivation  of 
which  is  rendered  futile  by  the  fungus  (Hem'leia). 
Cinchona  has  also  been  exported  in  very  lari^e 
quantities,  with  the  beneficial  result  of  lowering  the 
price  of  quinine.  Cocoa  planting  is  also  on  tl  e 
increase. 

The  "Cacao  Planters'  Manual" 
This  little  book  has  been  translated  from  the  Dutch, 
and  is  published  by  Kirkland,  Cope  &  Co.,  Northum- 
berland Street,  Strand.  The  English  version  is  in 
places  peculiar,  but  not  so  much  so  as  to  seriously 
interfere  with  the  utility  of  the  booU,  which  we  com- 
mend to  our  colonial  readers  as  one  worthy  their 
attention.  Pruning  to  a  single  or  to  a  small  number 
of  stems  is  found  most  advantageous'. 

South  Australia. 
In  Dr.  Schomburgk's  report  on  the  Botanic  Garden 
of  Adelaide  it  is  stated  that  only  1S.7  inches  of  rain 
fell  within  the  year,  the  hottest  shade  temperature 
being  102^  Fahr.  The  report  contains  information 
about  a  South  African  tanning  plant  (Elephantorhiza 
Burchelli)— the  root  is  the  valuable  part  ;  Wiihania 
coagulans,  used  as  a  vegetable  rennet  to  curdle  milk  ; 
Ipomcea  chrysorhiza,  the  Kumara  root,  figured  in  our 
columns  ;  the  Tree  Tomato,  Cyphomandra  betacea. 
Sumach,  &c.  In  an  appendix  Dr.  Schomburgk  gives 
a  long  list  of  plants  suitable  for  cultivation  in  con- 
junction with  Wheat,  the  culture  of  which  is  not  so 
remunerative  as  once  it  was. 

Agricultural  Affairs  in  Nova  Scotia, 
hitherto  managed  by  a  special  Central  Board  of 
Agriculture,  have,  by  virtue  of  an  Act  of  the  Legis- 
lature, been  assumed  by  the  Government.  Professor 
Lawson  has  been  gazetted  as  "  Secretary  for  Agricul- 
ture." He  will  be  provided  with  such  assistance  in 
the  performance  of  the  duties  of  this  oflice  that  his 
academic  and  laboratory  work  in  the  University  will 
not  be  interfered  with.  It  is  intended  to  adopt  a 
system  of  training  of  agricultural  teachers,  specially 
fitted  for  giving  instruction  in  schools,  in  which 
Tanner's  Agricultural  Chemistry,  with  Introduction 
by  Professor  Lawson  is  already  in  use.  A  veterinary 
surgeon  will  periodically  visit  the  counties.  A  lecturer 
on  agricultural  chemistry  is  to  be  appointed  to  teach 
in  the  normal  school,  and  supervise  the  agricultural 
teaching  in  the  schools.  The  Legislature  votes 
annually  /'1300  sterling  to  aid  agricultural  societies, 
;(^8oo  towards  a  provincial  exhibition,  and  other  sums 
for  importation  ol  cattle,  horses,  sheep,  field  seeds,  &c. 


KHIVAN    MELONS. 

Concerning  things  botanical,  I  had  expected 
much  in  Khivan  fruits,  especially  the  Melons.  They 
are  a  most  lucrative  crop.  With  good  management, 
Koztenko  says,  an  acre  will  yield  from  10,000  to 
14,000  Melons,  and  these,  at  i^(/.  each,  will  bring 
from  £yi  to  ,^70.  M.  lliodovski  says  that  about 
Samarkand  an  acre  yields  10,000  Melons.  The 
natives  hang  them  in  cool  characters  to  the  ceilings, 
where  certain  sorts  will  keep  from  the  time  when  they 
are  ripe  till  the  following  May.  Matmurad  gave  us 
the  price  of  Melons  from  I2.f.  to  20J.  per  100  There 
are,  of  course,  several  varieties.  I  heard  of  one  sort, 
small  as  an  Apple,  but  pronounced  very  good  ;  some 
are  \h  foot  long.  On  their  winter  Melons  Matmurad 
did  not  appear  to  set  much  store,  but  said  that  two 
varieties,  ripe  at  harvest,  were  sweet  as  sugar,  though 
they  would  not  keep.  My  hnst  gave  me  seeds  of  five 
kinds,  which,  as  did  Colonel  Burnaby,  I  brought  to 
England,  hoping  that  I  might  be  more  fortunate  than 
he  in  raising  them.  I  must  say  that,  after  eating 
Central  Asian  Melons,  I  have  tasted  none  in  England 
that  are  by  comparison  worthy  of  mention.  Those  I 
ate  in  Constantinople  came  nearest,  and  hence,  be- 
lieving that  I  had  real  treasures  to  give,  I  dis- 
tributed the  seeds  to  such  of  my  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances as  had  convenience  for  growing  them.  The  five 
kinds  were  called:  —  !,  Katai  (or  Chinese) ;  2,  Zamcha  ; 
(3)  Kutcha,  all  sown  in  Khiva  in  April,  and  ripen 
in  about  two  months,  or  say  the  beginning  of  June  ; 
whilst  the  remaining  two  (4)  Sherin-pitchek,  and 
(5)  Alikeh,  are  ready  a  week  or  two  later.  Mr.  J. 
D.  Allcroft  sent  me  the  first  fruit  in  1883,  IciS  than  a 
foot  long,  somewhat  Pear-shaped,  of  green  flesh,  but 
tasteless,  and  not  juicy— I  fear  not  quite  ripe.  Earl 
Stanhope  kindly  tried  some  seeds  the  same  season,  at 
Chevening.      Mr.  Gray,  the  head  gardener,  informs 


me  that  one  f)lant  was  raised  of  su:h  rampant  growth 
that  it  ran  on  a  trellis  over  a  space  of  nearly  200 
square  feet,  covering  half  the  roof  of  the  glasshouse, 
and  then  would  have  spread  further  if  permitted.  It 
was  planted  early  in  March  in  an  ordinary  loam  and 
leaf  soil  with  bottom-heat.  For  a  long  time  the 
blossoms,  with  one  exception,  did  not  set,  and 
that  one  produced  a  large  ovate  Melon  of  10  lb, 
weight.  Subsequently  other  blossoms  set,  and  were 
growing  fruit  weighing  3  or  4  lb.  each,  when  un- 
fortun::tely  the  plant  gave  way  through  rot  at  the 
collar,  and  died.  The  plant  took  quite  five  months 
to  grow.  The  large  Melon  was  cut  a  little  too  early, 
and  was  lacking  in  the  juicy  c|ualilies  it  probably 
would  have  acquired  had  it  been  left  longer  on  the 
plant  ;  but  the  gardener  considered  it  a  good  Melon. 
Next  year  three  sorts  were  tried  by  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron, 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens  at  Chis- 
wick,  but  he  did  not  report  very  satisfactorily  upon 
them.  Of  those  he  tried  one  did  not  fruit,  a  second 
produced  two  long  ovate  Melons,  and  the  third  round 
Iruit ;  these  ripened,  the  flesh  being  tender,  very 
juicy,  even  watery,  but  by  no  means  rich.  Mr. 
Barron  adds,  "They  were  rather  rampant  ingrowth,  and 
did  not  fruit  readily,  but  the  foliage  was  somewhat 
destroyed  by  the  hot  sun,  and  this,  no  doubt,  affected 
the  fruit."  Mr.  Wildsmith.  of  Heckfield  Gardens, 
rear  Winchfield  (Viscount  Eversley's)  spoke  of  the 
Alikeh  as  best  of  the  three  kinds  he  raised,  and  not 
so  rampant  in  growth  as  the  other  two,  but,  though 
speaking  of  the  Zamcha  as  excellent,  thought  them 
no  better  in  quality  than  English  Melons.  The 
•Zamcha  was  tried  also  at  Burghley  Gardens  (ihe 
Marquis  of  Exeter's)  by  Mr.  Gilbert,  who  is  famous, 
I  am  told,  for  growing  Melons,  and  he  exhibited 
from  my  seed  a  fruit  weighing  11 J  lb.  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Show  on  September  9  last. 
Another  fruit  from  the  same  plant,  weighing 
9^  lb.,  was  of  green  deep  flesh,  and  though  not 
of  very  rich  or  aromatic  flavour,  was  liked  for 
its  great  juiciness.  The  appearance  of  the  Kita 
Melon,  as  reported  on  from  Burghley  Gardens, 
was  not  flattering,  being  "  precisely  like  a 
large  Vegetable  Marrow,  and  of  a  dark  green 
colour."  I  sent  seeds  to  my  friend  Dr.  Haughlon, 
to  be  tried  in  the  botanic  gardens  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin.  He  committed  them  to  Mr.  Burbidge,  who 
distributed  some  seeds  to  a  few  English  gardeners 
who  made  Melons  a  specialty.  From  the  corre- 
spondence that  ensued,  I  learn  that  Mr.  O'Donovan, 
who  penetrated  to  Merv,  thought  the  introduction  of 
Central  Asian  Melons  to  Europe  so  desirable,  that  he 
carried  some  of  the  seed  in  his  saddle-bags  4000  or 
5000  miles,  and  spoke  of  them  as  of  marvellovs 
excellence.  Mr.  Simpson,  of  Wortley,  grew  some  of 
Mr.  O'Donovan's  Melons,  but  they  proved  insipid  and 
flavourless,  or,  at  best,  just  passable.  He  also  tried 
some  of  myseeds,  of  which  only  one,  the  Sherin-pitchek 
grew,  and  this  he  pronounces  as  the  same  type  as 
O'Donovan's.  Mr.  Simpson  says,  "  I  gave  it  a  light 
all  to  itself,  but  it  was  rather  straggling  and  weak 
from  the  first,  and  could  not  endure  the  bright  sun- 
shine. It  lost  its  foliage,  and  the  single  fruit  it  bore 
never  ripened  properly."  It  was  sent,  however,  to 
Dr.  Haughton,  and  thought  highly  of.  Dr.  Haugh- 
ton  received,  too,  a  Zamcha  Melon,  grown  at  Lord 
Eversley's,  weighing  4  lb.,  of  which  he  subsequently 
told  me  that,  though  familiar  with  American  as  will 
as  Britisii  Melons,  he  never  in  his  life  ate  any  as  fine 
as  this  from  Khiva.  Previously  to  receiving  this 
information  I  was  becoming  dispirited,  and  thinking 
that  my  seeds  would  turn  out  no  better  than  those  of 
Colonel  Burnaby  or  Mr.  O'Donovan.  Another  trial, 
however,  has  been  made  of  the  "  Abikeh  "  at  Cheven- 
ing, where  the  gardener,  taught  by  experience  how 
much  space  was  necessary,  planted  the  Melon  under 
a  frame  with  five  lights,  expecting  it  to  cover  the  entire 
area.  I  saw  the  plant  thus  growing  on  September  5. 
It  was  not  so  strong,  I  was  told,  as  that  of  the  previous 
year,  but  it  had  three  half-grown  fruits  of  fair  size. 
One  of  these  was  sent  to  me,  not  quite  ripe,  on 
October  13,  which,  upon  eating  ten  d.ays  later,  I 
was  delighted  to  be  able  to  pronounce  quite  equal  to 
those  I  had  eaten  in  Khiva,  and  far  more  delicious 
than  anything  I  had  ever  tasted  in  England.  This 
opinion  was  shared  by  others  with  me  at  the  table. 
This  ovate  fruit  measured  S  inches  long,  and  was 
green-fleshed,  juicy,  sweet,  and  eatable  to  the  skin. 
Thus  I  consider  that  Mr.  Gray  and  Mr.  Wildsmith 
have  demonstrated  that  two  kinds,  at  all  events,  of 
the  Khivan  Melons  can  be  grown  in  England.  The 
former  considers  the  Alikeh  Melons  require  plenty  of 


io8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18 


heat,  and  a  long  season,  since  English  Melons  planted 
simulianeouslv  with  Ihem  ripened  six  weeks  before 
Khiva.     This,    however,    will   make  the 


thoM 


for  late 


latter  valua 
such  good  keeping  p 
that  English  gardeners 
fruits.  The  great  size 
may  prevent  their  ha 


•aiing,  especially  as  they  have 
operties.  I  hope,  therefore, 
ivill  learn  how  to  g'ow  these 
and  robustness  of  the  plants 
g  fair  play  in  English  houses, 


but  I  have  given  seeds  also  for  outdoor  growth  in 
Florida,  whence  the  fruit  could  easily  be  sent  to  the 
London  market,  so  that  if,  after  all,  I  do  not  succeed 
in  getting  them  on  English  tables  it  will  not  be  for 
lack  of  endeavour.  Henry  Lansdell,  D.D.,  "Russian 
Coitial  Asia." 


DISEASES    OF    PLANTS. 


flora,  p.  188,  have  both  of  them  brown  spores  more 
than'  double  the  size  of  the  /Ecidiospore  above  de- 
scribed, viz  ,  20-40  mk.  long,  by  17—26  mk.  wide. 

The  life-history  of  Puccinia  Vinrse  thus  appears  to 
consist  of  (I)  a  perennial  mycelium  pervading  all 
parts  of  the  affected  plant,  which  every  spring  pro- 
duced spermogonia  and  secidiospores  ;  (2)  uredo  and 
teleutospores,  which  arise  from  the  secidiospores,  and, 
judging  from  other  Uredines,  have  localised,  mycelia 
of  limited  duration  —  <..f.,  Puccinia  tragopogonis, 
menthK,  epilobii.   Charles  B.  Plnari^ht. 

^CIDIUM  Bkt.^. 
The  secidiospores  of  Uromyces  Betse  are  com- 
paratively rarely  seen  ;  they  have  not  been,  I  think, 
exhibited  to  the  Scientific  Committee.  Having 
hitherto  been  unsuccessful  in  finding  this  .Ecidium  I 
determined  to  cultivate  it  from  the  Uromyces  Beta, 


On  the  .EciDiospoRE  of  Puccinia  Vince.— 
The  Puccinia  and  its- accompanying  uredospore  upon 
Vinca    major    have    long    been    familiar    to    us    as 
parasitic  upon  the  large  Periwinkle.     My  friend,  the 
Rev.  Canon  Du  Port,  last  year  sent  specimens  of  this 
from  the  eastern  part  of  Norfolk.     Being  anxious  to 
verily  the  statement  which  has  been  made,  that  the 
uredospores  are  accompanied  by  spermogonia,    Mr. 
Du   Port   kindly,    this   year,    sent    me,    from    Oby 
Rectory,    some    very    fine    specimens,    which    were 
covered   by  spermogonia.     No    uredospores   at    this 
time  had  made  their  appearance.   I  noticed,  however, 
that  the  leaves  affected  with  the  spermogonia  exhi- 
bited a  very  distinct,  although  not  a  powerful,  odour 
— an  odour  which  recalled  the  perfume  of  some  flower. 
This  in  itself  is  an  interesting  observation  confirmingas 
it  does  Ratbay's  statement  that  the  spermogonia  of  the 
Uredines  are  attractive  to  insects,  either  by  their  pet- 
fume  or  by  their  showy  appearance.     I  was  fortunat* 
enough  to  find   this  fungus  nearer  home,  namely,  in 
the  Rev.   A.   Groom's  gardens  at  Ashwicken,   from 
which  place  sufficient  material  has  been  derived    to 
further  study  the  life-history  of  the  fungus.     The  first 
point  which   strikes  one  is   that    the  plants  bearing 
spermogonia  are  diflferent  in  habit  and  growth  from 
healthy  ones.     The  shoots  are  taller  and   more  erect, 
the  leaves  paler  in  colour,  and  more  elongated  than 
in  those  of  healthy  plants  ;  in  fact  the  affected  plants 
look  as  if  they  had   been  "  drawn  up  "   by  want  of 
sufficient   light.     More  closely  observed,  a  number  of 
dark  brown,  almost  black  spots  were  discovered  upon 
some  of  the  younger  shoots.     These  spots  were  firm 
in  structure,   hard   in  texture,  and  looked  very  like 
some    Dolhidea.      The    leaves    bearing    them    were 
dwarfed  in  siie,    thicker   and    usually   more    or   less 
convex.     They  appeared  as  if  stunted  in  their  early 
growth.     On  further  examination  it  became  apparent 
that  these  blight  spots  varied  in  size  and  colour,  being 
at  first  almost  black  and  very  small,  but  as  they  in- 
creased in   diameter    they   became   paler    in   colour, 
gradually  assuming  a  brown  tint,  but  the  oldest  speci- 
mens were   surmounted  by  a  delicate   film  of  white 
dust.    The  spots  themselves  were  solid  cushion- shaped 
bodies,  about  a  millimetre  or  two  across.      Under  the 
microscope  a  thin  section  of  one  showed  it  to  consist 
of  an  aggregation   of  hyphx,  continuous  below  with 
the  mycelium  Jwhich  pervaded  the  whole  plant,  placed 
parallel  to  one  another  and  perpendicular  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  leaf.     The  free  summits  of  these  hyphje 
were  surmounted  by  colourless  globose  spores,  10 — 12 
mk.  in  diameter. 

Placed  in  water  these  spores  in  ten  or  twelve  hours 
germinated  by  protruding  a  germ  tube,  three  or  four 
mk.  in  diameter,  into  the  end  ol  which  the  almost 
colourless  contents  of  the  spore  were  passed.  The 
spores  themselves  were  as  nearly  spherical  as  possible, 
and  none  of  them  showed  any  remains  of  the  adherent 
hyph^  which  characterises  the  uredospore.  They 
appear  to  be  slightly  granular  from  the  protoplasm 
which  they  enclosed.  Colourless  aecidiospores  are 
very  uncommon,  the  vast  majority  being  orange  or 
yellow  ;  a  few  are  brown  (RcEstelise).  The  spores 
of  .Ecidium  rumicis  are,  however,  colourless.  So  un- 
like any  other  .?icidiK  were  these  solid  pulvini,  that 
it  was  only  after  repeated  and  careful  examination 
that  I  could  bring  myself  to  regard  them  in  their  true 
morphological  significance.  When,  however,  their 
spore  germination  was  observed  their  affinities  became 
obvious.  It  is  curious  that  the  structure  and  functions 
of  these  bodies  should  have  hitherto  been  overlooked, 
considering  the  number  of  observers  who  have  devoted 
so  much  time  and  energy  to  the  elucidation  of  the 
Uredines  abroad.  The  two  forms  of  uredospores 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Winter  in  Rabenhorst's  Kryptogamert' 


;.— Pl'CCINIA  ' 


A,  Plant  with  Spermogonia ; 


which  oc  urs  so  abundantly  every  year  upon  Man- 
gels. I  succeeded  some  time  since  in  producing 
upon  the  foliage  of  two  Mangel  plants  ttiree  or  four 
clusters  of  the  -^Icidium  in  question,  but  an  accident 
happened  to  the  culture,  so  that  I  am  unable  to 
exhibit  them.  Lately,  however,  I  met  with  the 
^cidium  upon  Beta  maritana,  on  the  banks  of  the 
rivet  Ouse,  at  West  Lynn.  The  specimen  is  sent 
herewith.   Charles  B.  Plmirishl,  K'ing's  Lynn. 


Disinfectants. —A  gteat  deal  of  disappoint- 
ment may  be  experienced  if  people  do  no  realise  that 
deodorising  substances,  and  even  antiseptics  like 
green  vitriol,  are  not  true  disinfectants.  They  have 
their  advantage  in  removing  evil  odour,  or  checking 
putrefaction,  but  they  do  not  necessarily  kill  the 
germs  on  whose  life  and  activity  many  epidemic 
diseases  depend.  Destruction  by  fire  of  infected 
material,  and,  where  that  is  not  practicable,  chloride 
of  lime,  is  the  best  germicide  for  general  use. 


Itotuts  0f  Soolis. 

Russian  Central  Asia,  including  Kuldja, 
Bokhara,  Ktiiva.  and  Nlerv.  By  Henry 
Lansdell,  D.D.  Two  volumes,  maps  and  illus- 
trations. Sampson  Low  &  Co. 
Many  of  our  readers  will  remember  the  remarkable 
journey  undertaken  by  Dr.  Lansdell,  and  described 
by  him  in  his  work  Through  Siberia,  In  the  present 
pages  we  have  the  record  of  a  journey  yet  mote 
tematkable,  as  the  title  suffices  to  show.  As  in  the 
previous  journey,  so  in  this,  the  primary  object  of 
Dr.  Lansdell  was  to  circulate  the  Scriptures  among 
the  inmates  of  prisons  and  among  the  inhabitants 
generally.  Geography,  ethnology  and  natural 
history  were  by  no  means  neglected  ;  indeed,  the 
wonder  is  that  Dr.  Lansdell  contrived  to  accom- 
plish so  much,  for  not  only  does  he  make  no  pretence 
to  be  a  man  of  science,  but  he  was  perpetually 
travelling  for  179  days,  during  a  large  portion  of 
which  period  he  knew  not  the  comfort  of  a  bed.  The 
actual  distance  travelled  is  estimated  at  12,000  miles. 
Dr.  Lansdell  clearly  is  not  only  a  man  of  great 
tenacity  of  purpose  and  energy,  but  is  blessed  with 
keen  powers  of  observation  and  an  appreciation  o( 
matters  of  interest  of  whatevet  nature  they  may  be. 
Personal  observation  on  the  spot  gave  him  the  means 
to  fill  his  note  ■  book  with  details  of  what 
he  saw,  while  a  previously  organised  system 
of  cross-examination  enabled  him  to  elicit  in- 
formation from  the  natives  in  a  less  haphazard 
fashion  than  is  sometimes  the  case.  Othcial  statistics 
and  the  writings  of  others  duly  digested  have  been 
pressed  into  the  service  to  supplement  and  annotate 
the  author's  personal  observations,  and  thus  it  happens 
that  in  these  two  handsome  volumes  we  have  a  fuller 
and  more  accessible  account  ol  Central  Asia  and 
Tutkistan  than  has  ever  been  laid  before  the  public. 
But  few  Englishman  have  been  enabled  to  penetrate 
into  Turkistan,  and  over  a  pait  of  the  route  traversed 
Dr.  Lansdell  claims  to  have  been  the  first  English 
traveller. 

The  requirements  of  three  classes  of  readers 
have  been  kept  in  view— the  classes  of  leaders 
being  defined  by  Dr.  Lansdell  as  general,  students, 
and  specialists.  We  are  bound  to  say  the  author  has 
most  diligently  sought  to  supply  the  demands 
of  these  three  classes  of  readers.  For  our  own 
part,  having  read  the  book  from  cover  to  cover,  with 
scarcely  a  page  skipped,  we  are  in  a  position  to  judge 
in  some  measure  of  the  manner  in  which  the  author 
has  supplied  the  needs  of  each  of  the  three  classes  of 
readers.  So  far  as  the  general  reader  is  concerned, 
Dr.  Lansdell  would,  we  think,  have  done  well  to  have 
condensed  his  narrative  and  concentrated  his  attention 
upon  the  more  important  matters.  For  this  class  of 
readers.  Dr.  Lansdell  is  too  generous,  he  gives  them 
more  than  they  will  thank  him  for.  The  numerous 
biblical  illustrations  will,  however,  be  found  of  extreme 
interesi,  and  the  writer's  entry  into  Bokhara  and  his 
intercourse  with  the  natives  will  be  found  instructive 
and  entertaining.  Political  matters  the  author  wisely 
avoids  for  the  most  patt,  though  it  is  cleat  be 
sympathises  with  the  Russians  and  gives  them  credit 
for  the  good  they  have  elTecled,  and  ate  cfTjcting,  in 
intioducing  civilisation  and  settled  government  in 
place  o(  barbarism  and  anarchy.  Rdigious  discussions 
of  a  sectarian  character  are  also  strictly  avoided  : 
an  earnest  religious  principle  and  a  high  sense  of  duty 
pervade  the  volumes. 

The  second  and  third  classes  of  readers  are  allied 
by  so  many  bonds  that  they  can  hardly  be  definitely 
divided,  but  we  think  the  author  has  succeeded 
admirably  in  giving  such  a  general  idea  of  the 
country  traversed,  the  manners  of  its  inhabitants, 
the  climate  and  natural  productions,  as  is  required 
by  the  student  j  while  for  the  specialists  the  appen- 
dices relating  to  the  fauna,  fiora,  and  literature  of 
the  subject,  and  in  some  of  which  the  author 
has  had  the  assistance  of  various  men  of  science,  will 
of  themselves  cause  the  name  of  Lansdell  to  be  held 
in  grateful  memory  for  many  a  long  year.  A  copious 
index,  numerous  illustrations,  and  one  or  two  maps 
serve  to  render  this  one  of  the  most  complete  works 
of  its  kind— works  that  we  are  accustomed  to  expect 
as  the  outcome  of  long  years  of  research  on  the  part 
of  specialists,  but  which  in  this  case  has  been 
accomplished  almost  as  speedily  as  the  journey 
itself.  We  should  willingly,  did  space  permit,  make 
some  extracts  of  a  general  character  ;  but  limited  as 


July  25,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


109 


we  are,  we  must  confine  ourselves  to  a  few  extracts 
relating  to  the  vegetation  of  Tuikistan.  Readers  of 
this  journal  will  be  more  or  less  familiar  with  the 
harvest  of  novelties  collected  by  Dr.  Albert  Kegel, 
the  son  of  our  excellent  friend  and  colleague,  the 
Director  of  the  St.  Petersburg  Botanic  Garden. 
Many  of  these  have  been  described  and  figured  in  the 
Garten  Zeitung^  whence  we  have  from  time  to  time 
made  extracts.  Dr.  Kegel  the  elder  has  also  pub- 
lished numerous  papers  on  the  flora  of  Turkistan,  in 
illustration  of  the  plants  collected  by  Fedchenko 
and  many  others  ;  but  these  papers  are  scattered 
through  numerous  publications,  which  are  not  to 
be  met  wiih  in  general  libraries,  and  not  even  in 
all  botanical  collections.  We  have,  then,  to  thank 
Dr.  Lansdell  for  bringing  together  in  one  of  his 
appendices  a  summary  of  what  is  known  of  the 
flora  of  Russian  Turkistan — a  summary  in  which  the 
several  botanical  collectors,  from  Sievers  and  Ledebour 
to  Kegel  and  Capus,  are  duly  alluded  to  ;  and  the  list 
given  by  E.  Kegel  and  F.  von  Herder  of  Semenoflfs 
plants  printed  in  full.  We  must  not,  and  do  not, 
complain,  but  we  should  have  been  glad  if  this  list 
had  been  extended  by  the  inclusion  of  the  published 
lists  of  other  botanists  and  travellers.  A  relatively 
small  amount  of  labour  would  have  sufficed  to  frame 
a  general  list  of  names  which  would  have  been  of  the 
utmost  serviee  to  those  who  desire  to  know  what  has 
been  published,  and  invaluable  to  the  scientiBc 
botanist  whose  duty  it  will  presently  be  to  found  a 
proper  catalogue.  It  is  time,  however,  to  let  Dr. 
Lansdell  speak  for  himself,  and  this  we  may  most 
appropriately  do  by  quoting  at  some  length  what  he 
has  to  say  as  to  the  vegetation  of  Tuikistan. 

"The  surface  of  Russian  Turkistan,  viewed  with 
reference  to  vegetation  generally,  may  be  conveniently 
divided  into  the  mountain  country,  oases,  steppes,  and 
deserts  ;  and  of  these  last  I  shall  speak  when  ihey  come 
in  my  path.  I  have  already  touched  upon  the  arboreous 
vegetation  of  the  mountains  in  Semirechia,  quoting  such 
authorities  as  Seraenoff,  Osten-Sacken,  Kegel,  Severt- 
soff,  and  others.  To  those  travellers  in  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  Thian-Shan  must  be  added  Dr.  Capus, 
who  travelled  in  the  western  portion,  preceding  me  by 
one  year  only,  and  to  some  of  whose  papers,  since 
pubUshed,  I  am  indebted  for  information. 

"  '  Taking  first  the  upper  and  lower  limits  of  the  growth 
of  trees  they  run,'  says  Dr.  Capus,  '  parallel  to  the  line 
ot  perpetual  snow,  which  varies  in  the  western  Thian- 
Shan,  according  to  MM.  Kaulbars  and  Osten-Sacken, 
from  8800  to  9800  feet.' 

"At  Issik-Kul  the  Juniper  (Juniperus  pseudo-sabina) 
is  found,  according  to  Dr.  Kegel,  up  to  14,000  feet. 
Dr.  Capus  found  its  lower  hmit  in  the  Bokhariot 
mountains  of  Baisoune  to  be  4000,  and  in  the  Karaf- 
Shan  Valley  about  3800  feet.  In  ihe  Alexandrof  range, 
the  farther  to  the  west,  the  larger  is  the  tree.  In  the 
Kirghese  Ala-Tau  at  Urianda  the  trunks  are  about  14  feet 
high.  The  21  feet  stems  in  the  Badam  heights  are  from 
14  to  18  inches  thick.  The  high-stemmed  junipers  seen 
by  Severtsoff  had  generally  a  bare  trunk  for  half  their 
height,  the  sparse  branches  measuring  about  one-fourth 
of  the  altitude  of  the  tree,  the  top  of  which  is  generally 
broken.  Above  a  certain  height  this  tree  becomes 
stunted,  and  becomes  almost  horizontal,  with  the 
branches  only  jutting  upwards.  Towards  the  south, 
where  the  woods  decrease,  the  Juniper  grows  higher,  but 
it  is  replaced  on  the  mountains  by  Firs  and  Birches.  The 
limits  of  the  Birch  tree  (Betula,  sp.  not  European)  are 
from  3200  to  83oo  feet.  Its  lower  limit  depends  upon 
the  nature  of  the  valley  in  which  it  grows,  and  the 
specimens  are  small,  crooked,  and  with  broken  tops, 
probably  from  ihe  snowfall.  In  the  Kirghese  Ala-tau 
the  inferior  limit  of  the  Birch  nearly  coincides  with  that 
of  the  Fir,  whilst  in  the  Kara-Bura  mountains  at  the 
sources  of  the  Chatkal,  the  superior  limit  of  the  Birch 
and  ihe  tall-stemmed  Junipers  coincides  with  that  of  the 
Sorb  Apple.  The  Willow,  of  which  there  are  upwards 
of  nineteen  varieties,  is  found  in  the  valley  of  the  Talas 
and  in  the  Kara-Bura  at  heights  varying  (rom  5200  to 
9900  feet,  whilst  the  Picea  Schrenkiana,  one  of  the  rare 
Conifers  of  the  Thian-Shan,  descends  in  the  Alexandrof 
range  to  5300  feet,  and  ascends  in  the  Ala-Tau  to  8000 
feet.  Of  five  kinds  of  Poplars,  that  like  the  Russian 
Aspen  is  found  in  the  woods  along  the  Talus;  and  on  the 
river  Kara-Bura  are  two  thickets  of  similar  large  old 
trees,  but  of  an  intermediate  form  between  the  Black 
Poplar  and  the  Aspen.  The  Turanta  Poplar  (Populus 
diversifolia)  is  found  in  the  woods  on  the  Arys.  To 
these  trees  may  be  added  two  species  of  Ash  in  the 
gorges  along  the  Boroldai  and  its  affluents. 

"  Among  the  Turkistan  shrubs  are  found  two  species 
of  Hawthorn  in  the  valley  of  the  Talas.  In  some  places 
it  grows  to  the  dimensions  of  a  tree  with  a  straight  trunk 
18  feet  high  and  18  inches  thick.  About  the  sources  of 
the  Tchaian  it  attains  to  20  feet  in  height.     In  Semi- 


rechia M.  Semenoff  found  two  species  of  Buckthorn,  the 
Spindle  tree,  and  three  varieties  of  Cherry,  the  Coto- 
neaster  and  Mountain  Ash.  The  Tamarisk,  too,  is  there 
represented  by  six  varieties. 

"To  the  foregoing  may  be  added  the  rare  shrub  called 
Boialysh  (Atraphaxis),  found  in  the  dry  sandy  clay  lands 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Boroldai  ;  also  the  insignificant 
Ephedra,  or  Jointed  Fir,  in  the  grey  parched  soil  of  the 
steppe  between  the  canals  of  the  river  Asa.  In  the 
valley  of  the  Kitch-Knie  Kara-Bura  are  several  small 
prickly  shrubs,  like  those  near  the  Syr-daria,  and  with 
the  same  reddish  flowers.  They  grow  principally  at 
an  altitude  of  between  4000  and  5000  feet.  I  was  sur- 
prised not  to  find  in  the  gardens  of  Turkistan  either 
Goosebetry  or  Currant  bushes.  Bla*bk  Currants,  how- 
ever, are  said  to  grow  wild  at  the  source  of  the 
Chatkal,  and  in  Semirechia  there  are  red  Currants, 
and  four  others  of  the  Kibes  tribe.  Dr.  Capus 
mentions  also  in  Kohistan  the  Honeysuckle,  Barberry, 
Medlar,  and  Sea  Buckthorn,  growing  in  great  abundance 
at  a  height  of  about  8000  feel;  whilst  in  the  Chirchick 
Mountains  the  wild  Plum,  Pistachio  nuts  (Pistacia  vera), 
and  wild  Almonds  are  found  4000  feet  lower.  In  Abla- 
tonne  the  same  explorer  found  the  superior  limit  of  the 


,  /Ecidium  Vinca-,  enlarged  ;  v,  section,  enlarged  ;  g,  iEcidio 
spores  ;  H,  Spermagonia  germinating;  J— M,  ^cidiospore: 
germinating. 


Nut  and  the  wild  Apple  to  be  about  4500  feet,  with  the 
Ash  (Fraxinus  Sogdiana),  and  a  species  of  Maple.  In 
the  same  valley  wild  Apricot  trees  grew  up  to  4000  feet, 
and  on  the  shores  of  the  Iskander-kul  even  to  7000  feet. 
Lastly,  I  must  not  omit  to  mention  one  shrub  which 
grows  abundantly  in  the  valleys  of  the  Syr-daria,  because 
on  its  thorns  there  collects  a  sugary  material  called 
vantak-shakar,  or  t^ranjobin ;  but  it  is  remarkable 
that  the  same  shrub,  when  growing  on  the  mountains, 
yields  no  saccharine  matter.  It  resembles  vaia-lig,  is 
acid  in  taste,  and  liked  by  the  camels.  From  this  plant, 
after  rain,  taran-jobin  or  manna  is  collected,  of  which, 
with  the  Pistachio,  are  made  ruckta  and  other  well- 
known  Bokhariot  confections.  Concerning  this  manna 
the  Bokhariots  have  a  story  that  beyond  the  Syr  the 
steppe  is  covered  with  dust  of  a  grey-yellowish  colour, 
called  liran-jobin.  This  dust  is  supposed  to  fall  early 
every  morning  during  the  three  summer  months,  specially 
near  the  holy  city  of  Turkistan,  along  the  left  bank  of 
the  Syr-daria,  where  it  is  collected  by  the  natives  up  to 
sunsise,  but  with  the  first  rays  of  the  sun  it  becomes 
mixed  with  the  soil  and  sinks. 

"  Turning  from  lorest  trees  to  those  of  the  gardens, 
one  meets  in  Central  Asia  with  a  kind  of  Elm  called 
Karagatch,  frequently  planted,  I  observed,  for  the  shade 


it  affords,  near  pools  of  water.  Its  trunks  yield  timber, 
often  to  be  met  with  as  carved  pillars  in  native  mansions. 
There  is  also  a  species  of  Plane  (Platanus  orienlalis) 
called  Chinars,  and  a  wild  Olive  called  Jida  (Elseagnus 
hortensis  et  E.  angustiiolia).  We  often  saw  the  latter, 
with  Its  yellow-reddibh  Olive-like  fruit,  hanging  over  the 
garden  walls.  I  recalled  having  met  with  it  in  the 
Trans-Caucasus,  near  Etchmiadgm,  where  I  did  not  care 
for  the  taste  sufiticiently  to  eat  it.  When  growing  wild 
in  thickets  the  ]ida  has  smaller  fruit,  which,  when  ripe, 
is  of  a  greenish-grey  hue.  The  wild  Mulberry  (Morus 
alba)  is  one  of  the  commonest  trees  in  Turkistan,  and  is 
cultivated  along  the  first  river  we  crossed — the  Chirchik' 
— chiefly  for  the  sake  of  its  timber.  It  attains  to  a 
height  of  35  feet,  and  to  14  inches  in  diameter.  North 
of  Tashkend  the  tree  is  less  common,  and  is  particularly 
small  at  Aulie-Ata.  Dr.  Schuyler  mentions  lour  distinct 
varieties — the  Hassak.  or  wild  Mulbeiry  tree  ;  the  Shah- 
tut,  brought  originally  from  Persia  ;  the  Balkhi,  intro- 
duced from  Balkh,  the  largest  and  most  beautiful  variety 
of  all  ;  and  the  Khorasmi,  from  Kharezin  or  Khiva.  Of 
some  species  the  fruit  is  so  little  esteemed  that  the 
natives  in  Bokhara  told  me  they  did  not  take  the  trouble 
to  gather  it  ;  but  they  use  for  food  the  large  while 
berries,  both  fresh  and  dried,  as  well  as  made  into  a 
flour  and  mixed  with  water  for  a  beverage,  or  with 
Wheat  flower  for  a  paste,  called  tut  halvah.  The  chief 
use  of  the  Mulberry  tree,  however,  is  for  feeding  silk» 
worms,  for  which  purpose  not  the  twigs  merely,  but  all 
the  branches  are  cut  off,  and  the  tree  reduced  thereby 
to  a  pollard. 

"In  the  gardens  of  Kurama  grow,  in  addition  to 
the  forementioned,  Peaches,  Apricots  (which  form  the 
staple  of  Khokand  gardens),  Pomegranates,  Apples, 
Pears,  Quinces,  Plums,  Almonds,  more  than  a  dozen 
'varieties  of  Grapes,  and  Figs.  Some  of  these  last,  of 
a  whitish  colour,  and  smaller  than  the  green  Fig  com- 
monly seen  in  England,  were  offered  us  in  the  Tash- 
kend bazaar.  Cucurbitaceous  plants  abound  in  Turkis- 
tan, among  which  the  Melons  are  of  exquibiie  flavour. 
Gourds  {Cucurbita  lagenaria)  are  grown  in  large 
numbers,  aijd  serve  the  various  purposes  of  tobacco- 
boxes,  pipes,  and  water  cruses.  Among  unibeUiferoua 
plants  Coriander  is  used  as  seasoning  for  food,  and  as  a 
carminative.  For  seasoning  or  against  flatulence  Shabit, 
or  Sweet  Fennel  (Anethuni  fceniculum  dulce)  is  used, 
which  does  not  grow  wild  in  Turkistan,  but  is  culti- 
vated in  kitchen  gardens,  as  is  also  another  kind  of 
Fennel  (Nigella  Romana).  The  grain  is  green  and  oily. 
To  these  should  be  added  certain  plants  fur  dyeing,  such 
as  Khana,  giving  a  green  powder,  contaming  an 
essential  oil.  On  blotting  paper  it  gives  a  stain  that 
evaporates,  whilst  cold  water  infusion  easily  extracts  from 
it  a  pigment  of  a  reddish  colour.  The  colouring  matter 
of  Spariak  (or  Ispariak,  a  recent  addition  to  the  Larkspur 
family),  is  dissolved  in  boihng  water,  and  produces  a 
yellow  mixture  with  a  peculiar  smell  and  bitter  taste.  It 
is  procured  from  the  dried  flowers  of  a  species  of  Lark- 
spur (Delphinium  ochroleucum,  Mey  ),  growine;  wild  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  Turkistan  mountains,  and  also 
throughout  Turan.  Like  the  English  species  it  grows 
about  2  feet  high.  Byzgunj  is  also  a  vegetable  dye.  used 
for  making  substances  black,  and  is  obtained  apparently 
from  galls  of  the  Pistachio  tree.  Madder  (Rubia  tine- 
torum)  is  sown  in  submerged  places  ;  and  Saffron 
{Carihamus  tinctorius)  grows  m  the  fields. 

"I  have  said  that  the  district  of  Kurama  is  the 
granary  of  Tashkend.  Now  land  under  culture  in  Cen- 
tral  Asia  is  of  two  kinds— that  which  lies  near  the  moun- 
tains and  receives  the  rain  is  called  'lialnii,'  and  that 
which  is  watered  by  irrigation  'abi.'  Comparing  an 
average  Barley  harvest  on  rain-land  with  one  on  irrigated 
land,  the  result,  according  to  the  Turkistan  calendar, 
appears  to  be  the  same,  but  whilst  a  batman  of  Wheat 
sown  on  3  acres  of  rain-land  yields  from  17  to  20  cwt., 
it  gives  on  irrigated  land  in  the  same  locality  17  to 
23  cwt. 

"Turkistan  Wheat  (Budia)  is  of  two  kinds— red  and 
white,  or  winter  and  spring.  Miize  is  cultivated,  but  in 
small  quantities.  Oats  will  not  grow,  it  is  said,  in 
Central  Asia  ;  they,  and  Bdrley  also,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  are  replaced  by  Pigara  (Holcus  sp.),  a  kind  of 
sugary  Sorghum  or  Indian  Millet,  the  gram  of  which  is 
used  for  gruel,  and  the  old  stems  for  fuel,  wihilst  the 
young  stems  and  leaves,  which  are  not  very  sweet,  make 
good  todder  for  cattle.  One  species  of  Oat-grass,  being 
considered  less  heating  than  Barley,  is  cultivated  prin- 
cipally for  horse  fodder,  as  also  is  Kunak,  which  re- 
sembles Fox-tail  grass.  The  tablelands  of  the  Boroldai 
and  K:iturnan  are  said  to  be  the  true  native  land  of  Rye. 
Here  it  grows  luxuriantly,  and,  with  full  ears,  flowers  in 
Mav  and  ripens  in  June  ;  but  the  crop  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  cultivated  before  the  advent  of  the  Russians, 
who  raise  a  little  for  their  own  use.  Rice  is  sown  on 
land  where  water  abounds,  and  also  Millet,  of  which  there 
are  three  varieties.  Millet  ripens  early,  and  is  there- 
fore u:red  for  the  second  crop  after  winter  Wheat.  Flax 
and  Rape  are  cultivated,  but  chiefly  for  the  sake  of  the 
oil  they  yield.  In  Kohistan,  both  Flax  and  Wheat  were 
met  with  by  Dr.  Capus  at  an  altidue  of  10,000  feet.     The 


no 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  1885. 


cultivation  of  Hemp  lias  been  intoduced  into  certain 
suburbs  by  lovers  of  the  intoxicating  hashish. 

"  Tljere  are  yet  one  or  two  seed  plants  to  be  noticed, 
such  as  Anj.r,  or  Anise,  which  grows  wild.     The  seed, 
when  candied,  is  called  Candalat  khili,  and  constitutes 
an  article  of  exportation.     Sesamum  also  is  cultivated. 
Santolina  seed,  an  anthelmintic,  is  obtained  from  a  wild 
plant  from  10  to  14  inches  high,  found  in  ibundance  both 
in  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains  of  Central  Asia.     The 
Tashkendians  employ  the  Kuranias  and  the  Kirghese 
to  cut  and  harvest  the  green  stems,  at  the  extremity  of 
which  is  a  sort  of  purse,  or  Uttle  bag,  about  4  inches  in 
length,  and  a  finger  thick,  containing  the  seed.     These 
native  gatherers,  to  facilitate  their  work,   often  pull  up 
the  plant  by  the  roots,  and  thereby  lessen  the  abundance 
of  future  collections,  but  in  a  fruitful  year  there  is  ex- 
ported from  the  district  between  Tashkend  and  Turkistan 
from  2500  to  3000  camel-loads,  or  from  570  to  730  tons. 
' '  Among  the  varieties  of  steppe  vegetation  that  serve 
for  fodder  is  a  poor  one  called  Ibelek  (Ceratocarpus  sp.), 
on  which  the  Khirghese,  in -winter,    feed   their  herds; 
also  in   other   places-  of  hmited   extent   are   met   with 
Kyiak  (Polygonum   latifolium),    and  Jusan   (Absinthe), 
both  of  which  serve  as  fodder  for  sheep  and  goats.     A 
more  nourishing  fodder,   found  on  the   Myn-bulah,    is 
called  Kipets,  and  another,  not  so  good,  is  Kamys-chob, 
or  reed-grass.     This  latter  grows  so  abundantly  on  the 
swampy  banks  and  islands  of  the  Turkistan  rivers  that  it 
chokes  olher  similar  grasses.     It  is  used  as  food  for  cows 
and  horses,  but  it  is  so  tasteless  and  little  nourishing  that 
the  cattle  eat  it  very  unwillingly,   and   animals   unac- 
customed to  it,  especially  Russian  horses,  are  often  made 
sick  thereby.     This  Reed  serves  as  a  common  article  for 
fuel,  and  a  similar  plant,  called  Shye,  furnishes  material  for 
the  double  matting  with  which  the  Kirghese  cover  their 
kibitkas.     There  is  yet  another  class  of  fodder  grasses, 
known   by  more  than  a  dozen  different  native  names, 
that  grow  wild  abundantly  in  unwatered  localities  in 
Turkistan.     In  taste   they  are  sour  and   salt,    though 
somewhat  succulent.  The  majority  of  them  have  prickles 
and  thorns,  and  of  domesticated  animals  the  camel  alone 
eats  them.     One  is  called  Jantah  or  Camel's-tail  (Alhagi 
cameloruml.     The  roots  of  another,    Kuk-pek,  are  col- 
lected in  larg3  quantities  for  fuel  in  winter,  as  also  are  a 
species  of  Lily  called  Sura  and  Alabyma  or  Goose-foot, 
lungurcha  or  Clover  is  cultivated,   but  there  is  also  a 
kind  called  Jan.shikah(Medicagosp.),  that  grows  wild 
along  the  canals  of  some  of  the  rivers.    Another  aUied 
species  is  the  Dlany-shkeh,  possibly  the   same  as  the 
Chinese  Mu-sue." 


The  trees  of  the  United  States  are  represented  in 
the  Museum  by  large  and  characteristic  trunk  speci- 
mens arranged  in  the  sequence  of  their  botanical  re- 
lationship, the  sections  being  made  in  dilferent 
directions,  polished  and  unpolished,  with  and  wiihout 
the  bark.  The  catalogue  now  before  us  is  condensed 
from  that  fuller  list  which  is  given  in  the  Census 
Report,  and  as  it  contains  sufficient  information  for 
most  purposes,  it  will  be  available  where  the  larger 
and  more  costly  volume  would  be  unattainable  or  in- 
convenient. A  carefully  compiled  index  shows  that 
nothing  has  been  omitted  to  make  both  the  collection 
and  the  catalogue  as  serviceable  to  students  as  pos- 
sible. 


The  Dairy  of  the  Farm.  By  James  Long  and 
y.  C.  Morton.  (Dtadbury,  Agnew  &  Co.) 
This  is  one  of  the  Handbook  of  the  Farm  seiies, 
which  has  won  so  high  a  place  in  public  estimation. 
As  Mr.  Morton  has  long  been  known  as  an  authority 
on  such  matters,  the  public  will  be  interested  in 
obtaining  here,  in  a  condensed  form,  the  results  of 
his  experience,  and  the  history  of  that  change  which 
has  "  lifted  what  used  to  be  the  homeliest  and  most 
stagnant  of  all  departments  of  out  agriculture  into  the 
vary  foremost  tank  of  all,  so  far  as  energy,  activity,  and 
all  the  other  evidences  of  life  are  concerned."  Mr.  James 
Long  contributes  to  the  present  volume  much  infor- 
mation on  foreign  daiiying.  The  work  is  written  for 
the  dairyman  rather  than  for  the  farmer,  whose 
tequitemenls  have  been  considered  in  olher  volumes 
of  this  series.  As  so  many  of  our  readers  are  inter- 
ested in  the  cow  and  her  produce  we  shall  be  doing 
them  a  service  by  recommending  this  work  to  their 
perusal.  We  cannot  pretend  in  this  place  to  give  a 
critical  analysis  of  its  contents,  it  must  suffice  to  say 
that  the  chapters  give  statistics  as  to  the  quantity  o( 
food,  the  yield  of  butter,  cheese,  and  milk,  the 
management  of  the  cow,  and  of  the  dairy,  and  the 
manufacture  of  dairy  products. 

The   Woods   of  the   United   States  :    with  an 
Account  of  their  Stntctiire,  Qualities,  and  Uses  : 
with    Geographical  and   Olher    Notes   upon   the 
Trees  which  produce  them.     By  C.   S.    Sargent. 
New  York  :  Appleton. 
This  is  a  detailed  catalogue  of  the  collection   of 
woods  of  the  United  States,  got  together  in  the  l^rst 
instance,  at  the  instigation  of  Mr.  Morris  K.   Jesup. 
Mr.  Tesup's  collection  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  is  the  outgrowth  of  an  investigation 
into  the  forest  wealth  of  the  United  States  commenced 
by  Mr.  Sargent  five  years  ago,  and  the  results  of  which 
are  published  in  the  ninth  volume  of  the  Reports  of 
the  Tenth  Census,  recently  reviewed  by  us.     We  need 
only  refer  to  our  notice  of  that  magistral  publication 
to  remind  the  readers  o(  the  magnitude  and  import- 
ance of  that  publication  and  its  accompanying  maps. 


ORCHIDS   AT   OLDFIELD,    BICKLEY. 
The  collection  belonging  to  F.  A.  Thilbrick,  Esq  , 
has  always  been  noted  for  the  excellent  manner  in 
which  the   Phalxnopsis  have  been  grown.     Visitors 
who  used  to  admire  their  vigorous  growth  and  pro- 
fusion of  flower  when  they  were  in  their  old  quarters 
near  Regent's  Park  used  to  say  that  there  wa;  some- 
thing in  the  house  in  which  they  were  grown  which 
was  particularly  suitable  to  the  plants,  but  the  fact  of 
their  doing  eqaally  well  at   Bickley,  in  a  house  of  a 
totally  ditTerenl  kind,  proves  that  to  the  general  treat- 
ment of  the  plants  may  be  attributed  their  success, 
and    not    to    any    peculiarity    in    the    structure    in 
which  they  are  grown.    Mr.  Philbrick's  house  of  Pha- 
lxnopsis  is    a  pleasant  thing   to   look    at    in   these 
days  when  so  many  unhealthy  lots  ate  to  be  found 
in     collections,    and     it     will     be     well     to     note 
a  few  of  the  conditions  under  which  they  are  grown 
so  as  to  form  large  plants  bearing  many  great  fleshy 
leaves  on  which    trace  of  spot  or  disease  has  never 
been  seen.     The  house  in  which  the  plants  are  kept 
is  a  span-toofed  one  with  a  walk  down  the  middle;  on 
eithet  hand  the  beds  ate  raised  to  the  height  of  the 
staging  in  plant-houses  generally,  are   planted    with 
Cyrtodeita  fulgida,   C.    chontalensis,     Fittonias   and 
Pilea  ;  and   these,  growing  naturally  together,  form  a 
pretty  and  de^itable  carpeting  which  is  no   doubt  of 
great  service  in  keeping  up  a  healthy  and  unvarying 
atmospheric  moisture  around  the  plants.     The  Phalre- 
nopsis,  which   are  grown  in  baskets,  are  suspended 
about  2  feet  from  the  glass,  and  just  midway  between 
it   and  the  i.arpeting  of  Gesneraceous  and  other  plants 
beneath.  The  plants  are  kept  tolerably  cool  in  winter, 
at  which  season  they  are  carefully  watered  but  never 
allowed  to  get  very  dry.     'In    spring    and    summer 
the     house     in     which    they    are     is     kept     warm 
moist  and  shady,   and  the  plants  when  watered  are 
thoroughly  soaked  by  being  dipped  ;  but  this  is  never 
done  until   they  are  becoming  dry,  so  that  they  are 
never  in  danger  of  having  stagnant  moisture  about 
them,  which  is  often  so  fatal   to  Phalcenopsis.     The 
plants  are  never  syringed  overhead,  but  the  syringe  is 
used  occasionally  to  moisten  the  baskets  and   toots 
protruding  through  them,  the  sides  of  the  house,  and 
the  plants  planted  out  in  the  beds.     So  managed  the 
Oldfield  culture  of  Phalienopsis  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired  in  that  direction,  and  Mr.   Heims,    who  so 
well  catties  it  out,  says  that  theie  is  nothing  mote 
simple  when  it  is  ptoperly  done.     P.    Schtoedetiana, 
P.  violacea,  and  P.  Sanderiana  ate  well  in  bloom  now 
in  the  house. 

The  Cattleyas,  which  are  grown  in  a  large  span- 
roofed  house,  having  a  tank  for  rain-water  the  whole 
length  of  the  central  stage,  are  in  excellent  condition, 
clean,  vigorous,  and  remarkably  well  rooted  ;  with  them, 
too,  the  plan  of  having  living  vegetation  on  the 
staging,  which  is  so  extensively  carried  out  at  Oldfield, 
is  adhered  to,  the  shell  gravel  on  the  close  staging 
being  completely  covered  with  Selaginella,  and  the 
plants  raised  over  it  by  being  placed  on  bricks  or 
inverted  flower-pots ;  so  arranged,  they  seem  to 
exhibit  a  great  liking  for  the  living  moss  growing 
beneath  by  sending  out  a  great  quantity  of  roots  over 
the  sides  of  the  pots.  This  certainly  indicates  that 
the  right  course  is  being  adopted,  as  a  healthy  and 
plentiful  supply  of  sound  roots  is  one  of  the  surest 


signs  of  the  present  good  condition  of  the  plants,  and 
the  best  guarantees  for  their  future  health.  Some  few 
of  the  fine  specimens  of  Lrelia  putpurata  yet  have 
blooms  on  them  ;  the  grand  masses  of  the  varieties  of 
C.  gigas  have  some  exceptionally  fine  flowers.  A 
good  mass  of  a  very  richly  colouted  C.  L':opoldi, 
and  a  huge  specimen  of  a  superb  form  of  Sobralia 
macrantha  splendens  are  grown,  and  Olontoglossaim 
haslilabium,  O.  roseum,  Epidendrum  Wallisi,  Tri- 
chopilia  hymenanthera  (with  four  flowers  on  a  spike), 
Cypripedium  Dominianum,  and  various  other  odd 
novelties  arc  in  bloom. 

The  East  India  house  has  Palms,  Pitcher  plants, 
and  Orchids  arranged  together,  and  the  Cyptipediums 
especially,  by  their  great  vigour,  seem  to  say  that  they 
like  the  arrangement ;  those  of  them,  too,  which  are  in 
flower  exhibit  marked  excellence  in  the  quality  of 
their  bloom.  In  particular  may  be  noted  C.  Vcuchii, 
and  Messrs.  Veitch's  hybrid  improvement  on  it, 
C.  superciliare,  which  has  very  large  and  handiome 
flowers;  C.  selligerum  majus,  C.  Ashbuttoni,  C. 
matmorophyllum,  C.  Lawrencianum,  C.  Stonei,  C. 
vexillarium,  and  C.  Lowei,  all  of  which  are  well 
bloomed.  Some  few  Vandas,  AeridesandSaccolabiums 
are  also  in  flower.  The  cool-house  Orchids  are  in  as 
good  condition  as  formerly.  Some  Odontoglossums, 
Masdevallia  ephippium,  M.  rosea,  M.  Veitchii,  and 
the  many  forms  of  M.  Harryana,  and  M.  ignea,  being 
in  flower  in  this  department,  and  the  whole  of  the 
varied  collection  bears  evidence  that  neither  Mt. 
Philbrick  nor  his  gardener  have  lost  their  love  for 
the  Orchids  nor  their  skill  in  growing  them. 


Odontoglossum  vexillarium  at  Blendon  Hall. 
When  one  meets  with  a  well  grown  and  flowered 
lot  of  Odontoglossum  vexillarium  the  fact  is  worth 
recording.  It  is  a  pity  we  are  so  often  used  to  see 
failures,  even  in  the  hands  of  experienced  men,  in 
growing  this  beautiful  Otchid.  I  hately  saw  a  fine 
batch  at  Blendon  Hall,  Bexley.  Mt.  Moote  told  me 
he  bought  them  vety  small  imported  stufl  two  years 
ago,  they  are  now  in  6-inch  pots,  beautiful  pUints  wilh 
fine  strong  btistling  growths  and  without  a  spot  on 
them.  I  noticed  each  plant  carried  seven  spikes  with 
at  least  six  flowers,  giving  forty-two  flowers  to  each 
plant— good  results  in  so  short  a  time.  Mr.  Moore 
keeps  these  in  a  moderately  warm  house  during  the 
winter  months,  taking  care  to  use  water  of  the  same 
temperature  at  the  roots,  and  that  very  sparingly,  also 
carefully  avoiding  the  least  drop  on  the  leaves.  As 
the  season  advances  they  are  gradually  transfetted  to 
coolei  quatlers,  with  more  ait  and  water.  Any  extra 
care  bestowed  on  them  is  now  well  repaid  by  their 
present  highly  satisfactory  state.  A.  I. 

Cypripedium  Parishii 
is  not  usually  rated  as  a  fitst-class  species,  but  it  is  to 
be  seen  in  capital  form  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery  at 
present.  One  plant  has  two  spikes,  with  sin  flowers 
on  each.  They  are  quaint  in  appearance,  and  quite 
distinct.  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  in  the  same  nursery  has 
been  and  still  is  beautifully  in  flower,  some  large  speci- 
mens being  furnished  with  mote  than  a  score  of  flowers. 
It  is  a  distinct  species  allied  to  C.  Mossis,  but  quite 
dilfetentin  habit  of  plants,  and  floweis  in  June  and  July. 
7.  D. 

Dendrobium  MacCarthi/E. 
The  large  drooping  flowers  of  this  fine  species  bear, 
on  superficial  examination,  a  striking  resemblance  to 
a  Barkeria,  but  as  a  matter  of  course  the  construction 
is  altogether  difl'erent.  It  is  rather  difiicult  to  treat 
successfully  under  cultivation,  but  its  bold  striking 
appearance  renders  it  a  fitting  subject  to  have  in  any 
well-ordered  collection  of  Orchids.  The  pseudobulbs 
are  slender,  and  bear  the  flowers  in  short  lateral 
racemes.  The  spreading  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a 
pale  rosy-purple  colour,  while  the  long  scoop-shaped 
lip  is  characterised  by  a  large  deep  putple  blotch  in 
the  thtoat,  with  numetous  spots  and  sitipes  of  the 
same  colour  lower  down.  It  is  furthermore  just  such 
a  sort  as  a  grower  would  desire  to  possess;  but  its 
individual  likings  constitute  it  an  exceptional  species, 
very  unlikely,  on  that  account,  ever  to  become  com- 
mon. Theie  is  a  figute  of  the  species  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  t.  4886,  and  a  flowering  specimen  may  be 
seen  in  the  Otchid-house  at  Kew. 

Saccolabium  ampullacium. 

A  small  species  with  oblong  leaves,  truncate  and 

bilobed  at   the   apex  ;    flowers    numetous   in    dense 

cylindric  racemes,  magenta-rose,  with  a  white  centre, 

each  about  |-inch  across,  segments  oblong  spreading, 


July  25,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


lip  with  a  linear  blade  and  a  blunt  spur.     Orchid 
Allium,  t.  191. 

BuLBOrHYLLUM    LOBBII. 

This,  together  with  a  few  more,  such  as  B.  sia- 
mense  and  IJ.  Dearei,  form  a  sectional  group  of  the 
genus,  and  are,  from  a  horticultural  point  of  view, 
the  most  important  and  ornamental  of  the  genus. 
The  species  under  notice  belongs  to  the  Sarcopodium 
of  Lindley,  not  the  Sarcopodium  of  llie  Genera 
Plantanim,  which  comprises  a  group  or  section  of 
the  genus  Dendrobium,  under  which  it  is  sometimes 
placed.  The  tlowers  are  yellow,  more  or  less  spotted 
exiernally  with  purple.  They  are  produced  singly  on 
peduncles  at  the  side  of  the  pseudobulbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished from  any  section  of  Djndrobium  by  the 
lip  being  articulated  with  the  foot  of  the  column,  and 
movable,  while  the  petals  are  shorter  and  narrower 
than  the  sepals,  which  are  also  unequal.  The  above- 
mentioned  species  are  frequently  included  in  large 
collections  of  Orchids,  and  the  one  under  notice 
flowered  lately  at  Kew.  There  is  a  figure  of  it  in  the 
Botanical  Alagazine,  t.  4532. 

Oncidium  varicosum. 
One  of  the  free  flowering  species  with  long  loose 
racemes  of  yellow  flowers  with  a  relatively  large  sub- 
orbicular  two-lobed  lip,  the  small  sepals  and  petals 
are  pale  green  veined  with  brown.  Orchid  Album, 
t,  192. 


The  summer  bedders  are  growing  splendidly. 
Alternantheras  have  coloured  beautifully,  as  have  the 
diff;rent  kinds  of  tricoloured  Pelargonium,  and  the 
flowering  kinds  are  just  now  in  perfection.  Cal- 
ceolarias will  require  great  care  in  watering  and  mul- 
ching to  keep  them  in  perfection  during  the  warm  dry 
weather,  and  the  beds  of  them  are  likely  to  become 
patchy  if  not  shaded  during  the  heat  of  the  day.  In 
light  soils  liquid-manure  is  found  to  be  of  great 
benetit ;  but  I  find  from  experience  the  safest  and 
best  plan  is  to  remove  the  old  soil  from  the  beds  for  a 
depth  of  14  inches  every  two  or  three  years,  and 
replace  it  with  good  rich  mould,  mixed  with  half  its 
bulk  of  good  dung. 

Continue  to  peg  down  and  trim  into  form  all  plants 
requiring  such  manipulation  to  make  the  patterns 
and  designs  as  effective  as  possible.  Ageratums, 
Petunias,  Verbenas,  Heliotropes,  and  similarly 
habited  plans  require  going  over  at  least  once  a  week 
to  keep  all  in  perfect  order. 

Herbaceous  Border. 
This  will  require  attention  ;  all  tall  growing  plants 
should  be  lied  up,  and  all  old  flowers  and  dead 
leaves  removed,  so  as  to  give  all  a  clean  and  neat 
appearance.  They  should  be  well  supplied  with  water, 
to  encourage  and  prolong  the  blooming  season.  The 
spring  bedding  plants  which  were  removed  to  the 
reserve  garden  should  now  receive  attention ;  all 
bloom  should  be  removed  from  them,  and  propagation 
either  by  cutting  or  division  of  the  roots  of  many  of 
the  subjects  should  be  done  at  once.  A  north  border 
is  the  best  and  the  most  convenient  place  for  this 
kind  of  work  at  the  present  lime.  Most  border  plants 
will  strike  root  at  this  season  of  the  year  if  watered 
and  shaded  for  a  week  or  two.  Cuttings  and  layers 
of  Carnations  and  Pink  and  Picotees  should  now  be 
made,  as  by  striking  them  thus  early  good  strong 
plants  6t  to  stand  the  winter  will  be  obtained.  Now 
is  a  good  time  to  sow  in  pans  East  Lothian,  Inter- 
mediate, and  Brompton  Stocks,  as  well  as  the  various 
hardy  biennial  and  perennial  plants  required  for  next 
year's  display.  The  tenderest  varieties  should  be  sown 
in  pans,  and  placed  in  cold  frames,  but  the  hardier 
ones  will  do  better  sown  in  the  open. 

Roses. 
Roses  should  now  be  propagated  by  budding  and 
by  cuttings  ;  for  budding,  care  should  be  taken  to 
operate  when  the  sap  of  the  stock  flows  freely,  so  as 
to  enable  the  bark  to  be  easily  separated  from  the 
wood.  If  deferred  too  long  the  bark  adheres  firmly 
to  the  wood,  the  operation  cannot  then  be  properly 
executed,  and  many  failures  occur  in  consequence. 
Another  frequent  failure  is  caused  by  the  fermenta- 


tion arising  alter  the  bud  is  inserted,  owing  to  the 
operation  having  been  performed  in  wet  weather  ; 
dry  dull  weather  should  if  possible  be  taken  advantage 
of,  and  if  bright  hot  weather  should  occur  a  few  extra 
strands  of  worsted  over  the  buds  will  be  found  advan- 
tageous in  preventing  too  great  evaporation  of 
moisture  therefrom.  In  prdjingating  by  cutting*,  care 
should  be  taken  to  select  Mjund,  well-ripened  shoots 
of  moderate  strength  :  such  as  have  a  pomt  or  keel  at 
the  base  should  be  selected.  Cut  close  to  this  with  a 
sharp  knife,  and  plant  the  cuttings  in  a  frame,  or  under 
a  handlight  in  rich  sandy  soil,  under  a  north  wall  and 
shaded  from  the  bright  sun  so  as  to  retain  the  foliage 
on  them  as  long  as  possible.  Remove  shading  and 
glass  lights  in  the  evening,  so  as  to  expose  them 
fully  to  the  night  air  ami  refreshing  dews.  They 
should  be  sprinkled  every  morning  with  a  fine  rose 
water-pot.  The  soil  must  be  sandy,  and  made  very 
firm  round  the  cutting,  or  failure  will  be  the  result. 
Most  kinds  of  Roses  can  be  easily  propagated  as  above 
directed,  IVm.  Smythc,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Pa' k, 
Alton. 


jjlants  and  [\\i\\  |;iWui!t 


SUCCESSION  OF  FLOWERS  FOR  THE 
CONSERVATORY. 
Tins  is  a  matter  that,  in  order  to  maintain  the 
desired  supply,  must  not  be  allowed  to  escape  our 
notice.  Annuals  of  the  lender  type  are  invaluable 
for  the  conservatory  during  the  summer,  when  shading 
has  to  be  employed  to  protect  the  permanent  plants. 
At  this  season  plants  that  are  farthest  .''rom  the  glass, 
and  that  are  oftentimes  overshadowed  by  dense  foliage, 
causing  them  to  become  drawn  and  consequently  soon 
fit  only  for  removal,  are  not  at  all  satisfactory.  When 
this  has  to  be  contended  against  such  plants  as  can  be 
thrown  away  when  past  their  best  will  be  found  an 
advantage.  A  good  stock  of  Balsams,  Globe  Ama- 
ranihus  (Gomphrena  purpurea),  Celosias  in  variety, 
Petunias  and  other  quick  growing  plants  will  be  then 
of  much  service.  Humea  elegans  and  Campanula 
pyramidalis  are  also  most  useful  during  the  summer. 
Seed  of  both  of  these  biennials  ihould  be  sown  at 
once  for  next  season. 

Stove  and    Intermediate-house    Plants    for 
Autumn  and  Winter  Decoration. 

The  earliest  struck  stock  of  most  of  these  indispens- 
able subjects  should  now  be  making  good  progress. 
Do  not  let  any  of  them  become  pot-bound  until  they 
are  put  into  their  last  shift.  This  is  particularly  to 
be  avoided  with  such  as  Poinsettias  that  have  been 
propagated  singly  in  thumb-pots  ;  these  will  shift  well 
into  4-inch  pots,  thence  into  6-inch  ones  if  required, 
and  in  most  cases  it  will  be  so,  for  some  stronger 
plants,  even  if  tall  in  the  stem,  are  still  desirable. 
Selection  of  the  strongest  and  most  promising  should 
be  made  for  these  purposes,  but  beyond  a  6-inch  pot 
it  is  hardly  advisable  to  venture  with  plants  of  this 
season's  propagation.  Feeding  them  with  stimu- 
lants will  be  a  better  plan.  This  resource  will  be 
found  ample,  bearing  in  mind  that  all  the  soil  in 
which  they  are  growing  is,  or  should  be,  fresh  and 
full  of  the  elements  necessary  to  sustain  plant  life, 
with  the  aid  of  a  stimulant  at  the  finish.  Grow  the 
Poinsettias  by  all  possible  means  in  the  full  sunshine, 
and  as  near  the  glass  as  possible.  During  warm 
evenings  and  nights  give  a  little  ventilation,  except 
when  newly  potted,  then  for  a  few  nights  they  may 
be  closed  up  with  a  more  humid  atmosphere  till 
fresh  root-action  commences.  Our  early  stock  will 
now  soon  be  placed  in  a  Melon  pit  that  his  been 
cleared  out.  The  old  stools  have  kept  much  better 
than  usual  this  year,  and  will  yield  quantities  of 
cuttings  for  dwarf  plants,  some  of  which  will  be 
struck  as  late  as  September  for  the  very  dwarfest. 
We  have  not  touched  upon  old  plants,  these,  how- 
ever, are  very  valuable  for  large  conservatories  or 
lofty  stoves,  and  when  furnished  with  half  a  dozen  or 
more  well-developed  bracts  they  are  a  fine  sight.  Such 
as  these  should  ere  this  be  making  good  breaks  after 
having  been  cut  down.  We  have  grown  these  in  the 
open  air  when  in  a  more  favourable  locality  for  several 
weeks  of  our  warmest  summer  weather.  They  succeed 
well  under  this  treatment,  and  the  plants  are  retained 
in  a  much  dwarfer  stale. 

Euphorbia  jacquini.i;flora. 
This  companion  of  the  Poinsettia  will  thrive  well 
in  the  same  pits  or  houses  as   the  latter,   but  if  a 


slightly  warmer  temperature  can  be  granted  them,  so 
much  the  better  for  obtaining  a  vigorous  growth  that 
will  eventually  become  well  ripened  and  productive 
of  extra  fine  racemes  of  bloom.  Ciiven  a  sunny 
corner  of  a  warm  house  and  the  convenience  suitable 
for  turning  out  a  few  plants,  we  advise  a  trial  to  be 
made  of  this  method  ;  the  extra  return  will  re- 
munerate any  such  trouble  taken.  The  best  grown 
Euphorbias  I  ever  remember  seeing  were  in  a  Pine- 
stove  of  three-quarter  span  ;  these  plants  were  placed 
on  shelves,  and  partly  overhung  the  back  path, 
making  a  most  vigorous  growth,  and  were  productive 
of  the  best  results. 

Begonia  insignis,  B.  Knowsleyana, 
and  other  winter-flowering  varieties,  should  soon  be  in 
their  blooming  pots,  and  when  established  therein  be 
kept  freely  ventilated  by  night  as  well  as  day,  until 
the  chilly  evenings  of  autumn  are  found  to  reduce 
the  temperature  somewhat  lower  than  is  desirable, 
thereby  endangering  the  plants  by  excess  of  humidity 
in  the  atmosphere  when  at  its  lowest  point. 

Thyrsacantkus  rutilans. 
Our  stock  of  these  are  mostly  4  and  5  feet  high, 
and  are  at  present  tied  to  the  back  trellis  of  the  earliest 
vinery,  which  is  well  aired.  They  are  doing  very 
well  in  that  position  at  present,  but  later  we  shall 
have  to  find  a  place  more  exposed  to  the  sunlight. 

Erantheiium  pulchellum. 
This  species,  unsurpassed  in  its  colour  at  its  season 
of  the  year,  may  still  be  struck,  and  will  be  found  to 
yield  a  stock  of  serviceable  dwarf  plants  ;  the  earlier 
stock  of  plants  will  probably  need  another  shift  yet, 
6-inch  pots  will  be  large  enough  in  any  case  to  secure 
.a  good  display.  James  Hudson,  Gtinnersbitry  House, 
Acton.  IV. 


y^F^uiTg    ^yNDf:i^   'Qla33, 


THE  STOCK  OF  YOUNG  PL.\NTS. 
Excepting  under  exceptional  circumstances  our 
climatic  influences  at  this  season  of  the  year  are  so 
propitious  that  if  properly  u  ilised  they  will  alone  afford 
the  necessary  warmth  for  the  cultivation  of  this  section 
of  the  Pine  stock.  Assuming  therefore  the  plants  are 
placed  in  moderate  sized  houses  or  pits — the  best  kind 
of  structures  for  this  purpose,  at  this  season — within  a 
moderate  distance  from  the  glass,  and  the  pots 
plunged  in  a  fermenting  bed,  having  a  genial  heat  of 
about  80°  at  the  base  of  them,  they  will  with  ordinary 
good  treatment  speedily  grow  into  sturdy  plants 
and  be  far  preferable  for  fruiting  the  subsequent  sea- 
son than  those  of  larger  size.  In  the  ordinary  course 
of  management  the  plants  intended  for  fruiting  next 
May  and  June  should  be  in  their  fruiting  pots  before 
the  end  of  the  current  month,  and  every  inducement 
should  be  afforded  them  to  make  growth  and  develope 
it  properly  before  the  middle  of  October  ;  therefore 
utilise  to  the  fullest  extent  solar  heat  by  closing  the 
place  at  95^  in  the  afternoon,  and  at  this  time  lightly 
syringe  the  plants  overhead  and  other  available  places 
about  the  house  ;  this  will  produce  a  genial  state  and 
secure  sufiioient  warmth  in  the  place  throughout  the 
night,  for  the  plants  at  their  present  state.  Ventilate 
the  place  at  80°  and  open  it  freely  in  sunny  weather 
until  closing  time  in  the  afternoon  arrives.  When- 
ever necessary  water  the  plants  with  weak  guano- 
water  in  a  tepid  slate,  not  indiscriminately  but 
judiciously,  as  herein  lies  the  chief  source  of  success. 

The  Fruiting  Department. 
The  growth  and  development  of  the  fruit  will 
also  derive  benefit  from  the  same  kind  of  treatment, 
although  in  the  case  of  these  artificial  heat  at 
certain  times  must  not  be  dispensed  with.  Pine- 
apples swell  off  very  freely  in  a  somewhat  low  and 
moist  temperature  at  this  period  and  onwards  for  a 
considerable  time  yet  ;  still,  these  conditions  are  not 
the  best  to  employ  for  the  purpose,  because  the  lack 
of  heat  tends  to  impair  the  quality  of  the  fruit,  which 
often,  when  cut,  reveals  a  discoloration  that  reduces 
its  value  and  renders  it  next  to  worthless,  a  defect 
that  is  seldom  found  in  fruits  that  have  been  ripened 
in  a  higher  and  drier  temperature.  For  these  reasons 
I  recommend  the  temperatures  in  this  division  to 
be  well  sustained,  by  artificial  means  if  necessary, 
rather  than  that  they  should  be  constantly  low  at 
night— 75"  at  night  should  now  rule,  and  80"  in  the 
daytime,  with  an  increase  of  15°  during  sunny  days, 
with  plenty  of  air  in  the  house.  Keep  the  plants  free 
from  useless  suckers,  by  screwing  them  out  as  soon 
as  they  can  be  handled,  leaving  one  on  each  plant 
to  increase  the  stock.  Discontinue  the  syringing 
of  the  plants  when  they  are  in  flower,  and  at  all 
times  use  the  purest  water  possible  wherewiih  to 
wet  the  fruit.  Attend  to  moistening  the  pathways 
and  other  surfaces  in  the  house  in  the  morning 
and  at  closing  up  time  each  day.  Geo.  Thos.  Milcs^ 
Wycombe  Abbey. 


112 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  1885. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Royal   Horticultural  Society:    Meeting    of 
I      Fruit  and  Floral  Commntees,  at  ii  A.M.  ; 


tthe 


.      Scientific  Coi --. -- 

1   National  Auricula  and  National  Ca 
TUISDAV,         July  s8  \      and    Hcotee   ^ociety   (-oulherri  b. 
hhow  of  Carnations,  hlcotces.  &c 
Royal  Horticultural  -ocietys  Gardens. 
I  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower,  at  Frotheroe  & 
L      Morris'  Rooms. 
Wednmdav,  July  29- Aberdeen  Horticultural  Show  (three  days). 
\   ,         i  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 
rilOAY,  July  31  \      Morris'  Rooms 

(■  Southampton  Horticultural  Show  (ist  and 
Satvjrcay,      Aug.    t  I  j^,-^<l^);p^,  u„„|c„|,urai  show  (m  and  3d). 


THE  Apple  Crop  in  Nova  Scotia  is  a 
matter  of  so  much  concern  to  British 
consumers  and  British  merchants  that  we 
hasten  to  lay  before  them  the  following  com- 
munication from  our  correspondent  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and  in  which  the  prospects  of  the  Apple 
crop  are  spoken  of  very  favourably  :  — 

"The  spring  season  was  a  very  favourable  one  for 
cultivators  of  the  soil  this  year  ;  the  heavy  covering  of 
snow  last  winter  prevented  the  frost  going  very  deep, 
and  in  April  we  had  the  unusual  phenomenon  of  the 
frost  being  out  of  the  ground  (as  it  is  commonly  ex- 
pressed) before  the  covering  of  snow  had  left  us.  All 
crops  started  early  ;  we  had  fine  weather  for  seed-lime. 
Our  Apple  orchards  profited  by  the  genial  weather. 
Blossoming  was  abundant,  and  the  early  growth  strong, 
but  we  had  a  long  course  of  unmitigated  dry  weather  in 
June.  This  seemed  to  shrivel  up  some  of  the  newly 
formed  fruit. 

"The  most  reliable  reports  I  have  received  from 
the  several  counties  in  which  fruit  is  raised  corre- 
spond very  well  with  a  very  expUcit  statement  made  to 
me  by  Colonel  W.  E.  Starratt,  oI  Paradise,  Anna- 
polis County,  who  is  himself  owner  of  one  of  the  finest 
orchards  in  the  Annapohs  Valley.  He  says  that  there 
will  be  an  ample,  if  not  unusually  abundant,  crop  of 
fall  (autumn)  and  early  winter  Apples,  and  that  the 
clean,  healthy  appearance  of  the  trees  gives  every 
indication  of  good  quality  of  fruit.  We  shall  thus 
be  able,  it  is  hoped,  to  bold  our  own  in  the 
English  market  as  regards  quality  and  beauty 
of  sample  in  early  winter  Apples ;  and  as  regards 
quanUty  the  number  ol  barrels  will  certainly  not  be 
less  than  heretofore,  as  new  orchards  are  coming 
into  bearing  every  successive  year.  As  regards  late 
winter  or  spring  fruit  we  cannot  say  as  much.  There  is 
a  decided  deficiency  in  quantity,  and  what  the  quality 
will  be  remains  to  be  seen.  Nonpareils  are  in  many 
orchards  a  complete  failure.  (The  Yellow  Bellefleur,  or 
"Bishop's  Pippin,"  as  it  is  commonly  called  in  Nova 
Scotia,  has  ol  late  years  become  so  spotted  and  small  in 
sire  that  its  vocation  as  one  of  our  leading  market  Apples 
is  well  nigh  gone. ) 

"Our  small  fruits  had  a  hard  time  during  the  June 
drought,  but  we  have  had  abundant  warm  showers  so 
far  during  the  present  month  (July)  which  has 
brought  about  a  great  change  on  aU  our  crops  in 
field  and  garden.  We  are  now  in  the  midst  of  our 
Strawberry  season.  The  Sharpless  appears  to  be  the 
most  showy  one  offering  on  market.  Su-awberries  are 
now  selling  at  Irora  10  to  15  cents  a  box  (supposed  to 
contain  a  quart),  say  from  5A  to  ^\d.  per  quart." 


Bknthamia    fragifera.— If    the   memory 

of  the  late  George  Bentham  depended  for  its  per- 
petuation on  its  association  with  any  particular  plant 
it  would  be  a  real  misfortune  that  the  plant  which  in 
gardens  bears  his  name  should  by  botanical  law  be 
hereafter  called  a  Cornus.  A  Cornus,  however,  it  is  ; 
but  we  suspect  in  gardens  it  will  remain  Benthamia. 
It  is  a  shrub  with  large  lanceolate  leaves,  of  a  grey 
colour,  like  those  of  the  Olive,  but  much  larger,  and 
its  flowers,  surrounded  by  large  white  bracts,  are  suc- 
ceeded by  a  red  fleshy  fruit,  not  unlike  in  supeificial 
appearance  to  a  Strawberry.  In  the  Northern 
Counties  it  is  a  tree  of  doubtful  hardihood,  but  in  the 
milder  climate  of  the  South-west  it  forms  a  large  tree. 
Our  present  illustration  (6g.  25)  is  taken  from  some 
trees  in  the  gardens  of  R.  G.  Lakes,  Esq.,  Trevar- 
rick,  St.  Austell,  Cornwall,  and  believed  to  be  the 
largest  in  the  country.  They  exceed  35  feet  in  height, 
and  the  trunk  of  one  is  5  feet  in  circumference  at 
3  feet  from  the  ground.  They  are  now  in  flower,  and 
will  shortly  be  covered  with  their  Strawberry-like 
fruit. 

Charles  Morrkn. — We  object  to  unneces- 
sary alterations  in  the  names  of  streets  almost  as  much 


long  since  established  a  similar  tribunal,  which  we 
believe  works  well,  and  now  we  are  informed  Am- 
sterdam follows  suit.  As  the  Royal  Horiicultural 
Society  was  the  parent  of  most  of  the  similar  societies, 
so  its  committees  seem  destined  to  be  the  progenitors 
of  like  institutions  elsewhere. 

Antwerp     Botanical     Congress. — The 

opening  meeting  will  be  held  on  Sunday,  August  2, 
in  the  hall  of  the  "  Cercle  Artistique,  Litl^raire  et 
Scientifique."  On  the  same  day  the  Horticultural 
Exhibition  will  be  opened.  At  3  P.M.  a  visit  will  be 
made  to  the  Musee  Plantin.  At  8  P.M.  a  concert  will 
be  given  in  the  gardens  of  the  Exhibition  in  honour 
of  the  members  of  the  Congress. 

On  Monday,  August  3,  there  will  be  meetings  of 
the  Congress,  and  at  8.30  p.m.  an  ofBcial  reception 
by  the  Burgomaster  in  the  Town  Hall. 

On  Tuesday,  August  4,  the  Congress  meetings  will 
be  resumed,  and  in  the  evening  there  will  be  a  banquet 
at  the  Cercle  Artistique  Litleraire  et  Scientifique. 

Wednesday,  August  5. — Excursion  to  Ghent  ;  — I, 
Visit  to  the  Botanic  Garden  ;  2,  Reception  at  the 
Town  Hall ;  3,  Visit  to  the  Winter  Garden  of  the 
Countess   Kerchove   de   Denterghem  ;  4,    Lunch   at 


The  following  letter,  relating  to  the  Indian 
and  Colonial  lxhibition  of  next  year,  has 
been  addressed  to  us  lor  publication  :— 

"  I  am  desired  by  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  to  ask  you  to  aUow  them  to  make  known 
through  the  medium  of  your  columns  that  they  are 
prepared,  at  the  request  ol,  and  in  concert  with,  the 
Royal  Commissioners  of  the  Indian  and  Colonial  Exhi- 
bition of  1886,  to  offer  their  co-operation  and  assistance 
to  such  of  the  colonies  as  may  desire  to  avail  themselves 
of  it.  Some  of  the  colonies  have  akeady  expressed  a 
desire  to  have  as  a  feature  of  their  courts  illustrations 
of  the  indigenous  flora  in  vestibules  or  plant-houses. 
In  addition  to  these  the  Council  believe  that  collections 
of  ornamental  and  economic  plants  in  a  growing  state 
and  of  fruits  would  be  of  much  interest  and  value.  The 
Royal  Horiicultural  Society  will  be  ready  to  give  advice 
and  practical  assisunoe  in  preparing,  arranging,  and 
carrying  out  such  illustrations  to  any  of  the  colonies  who 
may  apply  to  them.  But  they  desire  to  point  out  that 
it  is  essential  for  even  a  very  limited  display  of  growing 
plants  that  not  a  day  should  be  lost.  I  shall  be  glad  to 
answer  any  inquiries.  The  Assistant-Secretary  and  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Society's  gardens  will  be  ready  to 
meet  and  consult  with  the  Colonial  Commissioners,  and 
to  take  forthwith  the  necessary  steps  in  conjunction  with 
^,ju,  "  F.  Mason,  Secretary, 

"  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 

"  South  Kensington,  S.W. 


Fig.  24.— flower  of  benthamia  fragifera. 


as  to  similar  changes  in  the  nomenclature  of  plants, 
but  the  fact  that  the  Municipality  of  Liege  has  decided 
that  one  o(  the  streets  leading  to  the  Botanic  Garden 
of  that  city  shall  henceforth  be  called  Rue  Charles 
MORREN,  is  notewothy  as  a  mark  of  appreciation  on 
the  part  of  the  burghers. 

"  Greenhouse  and  Stove  Plants,  &c."— 

This  is  the  title  of  a  work  on  the  culiivation  of  these 
plants,  wuich  demands,  and  will  receive,  the  considera- 
tion which  the  well-earned  reputation  of  the  author 
(Mr.  T.  Baines)  necessitates.  After  a  few  generalities 
the  author  proceeds  to  give  in  alphabetical  order  an 
account  of  the  several  genera  selected  by  him.  We 
must  reserve  a  further  notice  of  the  work  till  we  have 
been  enabled  to  examine  it  more  thoroughly  ;  mean- 
while, as  a  book  on  the  cultivation  of  plants,  we  have 
no  hesitation  in  at  once  recommending  it  to  the  notice 
of  our  readers— the  more  so,  as  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  practical  matter  was  originally  published  in  our 
columns.    The  work  is  published  by  Murray. 

The  Floral  Committee.  —  Pretty  fre- 
quently we  hear  complaints  of  the  doings  of  this 
body,  but  we  do  not  hear  so  much  of  the  good  work 
that  its  members  do  gratuitously,  and  at  a  great 
sacrifice  of  time  and  labour.  That  the  work  is  not 
done  so  badly  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  Ghent  not 


the  Casino ;  5,  Visit  to  the  principal  horticultural 
establishments  ;  6,  Concert  in  the  Zoological  Garden 
in  honour  of  the  members  of  the  Congress. 

Thursday,  August  6. — Botanising  excursion  in  the 
Campine. 

Friday,  August  7. — Excursion  to  Brussels  : — I, 
Visit  to  the  Botanic  Garden— t/Z/V/J/KT  given  to  the 
members  of  the  Congress  by  the  Sociele  Royale  de 
Belgique  ;  2,  Visit  to  the  Royal  Winter  Garden  at 
Laeken  ;  3,  Reception  at  the  Town  Hall. 

The  second  part  of  the  preliminary  reports  sent  in 
in  answer  to  the  questions  proposed  on  numerous 
points  of  horticultural  and  botanical  interest  has  been 
published,  and  will  form  the  object  of  comment  on  a 
future  occasion.  Nothing  seems  to  have  been  left 
undone  so  far  to  secure  the  success  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion and  Congress. 

Phacelia  campanularia. — We  have  fre- 
quently bad  occasion  to  mention  this  Californian 
annual,  but  its  merits  are  so  great,  while  as  yet  its 
reputation  is  so  limited,  that  we  do  good  service  by 
calling  attention  to  the  plant,  whose  rich  blue,  bell- 
shaped  flowers,  often  with  a  metallic  sheen  upon 
them,  render  it  one  of  the  very  best  annuals  that  can 
be  grown.  In  habit  it  is  like  a  Nemophila,  and 
requires  the  same  treatment.  It  was  introduced  by 
Mr,  Thompson,  seed  merchant,  of  Ipswich. 


July  2$,  1885.] 


T//E     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


"3 


The  Rowe  Orphan   Fund. — In   addition 

to  the  sums  mentioned  in  our  previous  issue  we  have 
received  the  following  amounts  :— G.  Monro,  £,\  \s.\ 
A  Gardener,  Poole,  Dorset,  \os.\  J.  VouNG,  5/. 

Flowers    in    Season. — Miss    Owen,    of 

Knockmullen,  Goree,  sends  flowers  of  Antirrhinum 
bellidifolium,  a  curiosity  hardly  worth  a  place  in  any 
other  than  a  botanist's  garden.  Carmichaelia  aus- 
trails  is  even  more  curious,  and  would  attract  atten- 
tion even  from  lovers  of  gay  gardens,  from  its  sin- 
gular structure,  the  leaves  being  conspicuous  by  their 
absence  or  minute  size,  the  branches  being  flattened 
and  leaf-like  to  compensate  for  the  deficiency  of  true 


has  made  its  way  to  favour  both  in  this  country  and 
in  the  United  States,  but  it  is  clear  that  there  is  con- 
siderable variation  in  it.  Mr.  Bull  showed  some 
fine  examples  at  the  recent  meeting  at  Kensington, 
and  Mr.  Kendall  has  now  favoured  us  with  speci- 
mens which  are  the  finest  of  the  kind  we  have  seen. 

Astrantia  major. — All  lovers  of  herbaceous 

plants  know  this  old  plant,  and  many  must  have 
gathered  it  in  Germany  and  Switzerland,  and  ad- 
mired its  frill  of  white  bracts  picked  out  with  green. 
Theoretically,  each  flower  in  the  umbel  should  have 
its  bract,  and  a  specimen  sent  by  Miss  Owen  goes  far 
to  realise  the  theoretical  structure,  ihasmuch  as,   in 


than  the  primary  one  is  very  rare  in  Araucarias,  and 
indeed  in  some  other  Conifers.  Others  again,  like 
Picea  MeDziesii  and  ajanensis,  frequently  "■  produce 
them. 

SouTuwARK     Park. —This    park,    which 

forms  an  "oasis  "in  the  desert  of  Rotherhithe,  and 
which,  although  quite  unknown  to  the  majority  of 
Londoners,  is  fully  appreciated  by  the  many  thousands 
who  dwell  within  a  stone's-throw  of  its  boundaries, 
has  recently  been  made  still  more  attractive  by  the 
addition  of  an  ornamental  lake.  For  many  years 
the  want  of  water  has  been  felt,  and  as  long  ago  as 
September,  1883,  the  Vestry  of  Rotherhithe,  in  which 


Fig.  25, — benthamia  fragifera  at  trevarrick.     (see  v,  112.) 


leaves.  The  flowers  are  small,  yellowish,  and  papil- 
ionaceous. Meconopsis  Wallichii,  with  its  lawny  hairs 
and  purple  flowers  appeals  to  a  larger  circle  of  admirers  ; 
and  Tropreolum  speciosum  is  sure  to  obtain  universal 
suffrage.  Miss  Owen  sends  it  to  show  that  growers 
should  not  be  disheartened  by  one  or  two  failures, 
but  continue  to  try  it  in  various  positions.  Miss 
Owen,  after  several  failures,  has  succeeded  in  grow- 
ing it  on  the  rockery  almost  equally  well  in  sunshine 
and  in  shade  ;  but  thinks  that  it  flowers  best  in  the 
sunshine,  and  50  we  have  found  it  in  Wales  and 
Scotland. 

The  Bermuda  Lily. — Some  time  since  we 

gave  an  illustration  showing  how  freely  this  beautiful 
variety  of  L.  longiflorum  grew  under  cultivation  in 
the  Bermudas.     Lilium  Harris!  (so  called  in  gardens) 


addition  to  the  outer  frill  or  involucre,  there  is  a 
second  inside  the  first,  and  separated  from  it  by 
several  rows  of  flowers.  By  patient  selection,  no 
doubt,  a  "  race "  might  be  procured  which  would 
be  very  effective  and  which  gardeners  would  surely 
offend  the  botanists  by  calling  double. 

PaI'aver  umbrosum. — Poppies  have  a  ten- 
dency— why,  we  cannot  say — to  turn  their  stamens 
into  pistils.  Cases  of  the  kind  have  been  figured  in 
this  journal,  and  now  Miss  Owen  sends  us  illustra- 
tions of  the  same  kind  in  Papaver  umbrosum. 

Araucaria  excelsa. — M.  CarriJire  de- 
scribes in  the  Revue  HortuoU  an  instance  wherein  a 
lateral  branch  has  assumed  an  erect  direction  like  a 
leader  shoot,    The  production  of  leader-shoots  other 


parish  the  park  is  situated,  memorialised  the  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works  on  the  subject,  praying  that 
a  lake  might  be  formed  ;in  the  paik,  and  it  was  not 
until  last  December  that  they  unanimously  agreed  to 
recommend  the  Board  to  construct  the  lake.  This 
result  was,  we  believe,  brought  about  mainly  through 
the  exertions  of  Mr.  John  Tolhurst,  the  member 
for  Rotherhithe.  Designs  and  working  drawings 
were  then  prepared  by  Mr.  George  Vulliamy,  the 
architect  of  the  Board,  and  submitted  to  and  approved 
by  the  Board.  Tenders  for  the  work  were  advertised 
for  and  opened  on  February  25  last,  whan  out  of  the 
tenders  (the  highest  being  ;^4S55)  that  of  Mr.  George 
Bell,  of  Tottenham,  which  was  the  lowest,  was 
accepted,  for  the  sum  of  ^,2665.  The  work  has 
since  been  carried  out  by  Mr.  Bell,  under  the  super- 
intendence of  Mr.  J.  J.  Sexby,  the  Surveyor  of  Parks 


114 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[July  25,  18 


and  Open  Spaces.  The  lake  consists  of  a  concrete 
basin,  well  puddled  with  clay  as  a  foundation,  and 
neatly  finished  around  the  margin  with  a  coping  of 
blue  rounded  bricks.  The  outline  both  of  the  main- 
land and  the  islands,  which  are  three  in  number, 
consists  of  a  succession  of  graceful  curves,  so  arranged 
as  to  give  the  appearance  of  continuity,  and  we  could 
find  no  point  of  view  from  which  the  whole  extent  of 
the  lake  could  be  seen.  The  advantage  of  this  is 
apparent,  as  although  the  total  area,  including  banlis 
and  islands,  is,  we  understand,  only  about  24  acres, 
the  indefiniteness  of  the  view  would  lead  an  observer 
to  suppose  it  might  be  very  much  greater.  Planting 
has  been  executed  by  the  Board's  own  labouring 
staff,  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  COPPIN,  the  Super- 
intendent of  the  park.  The  islands  have  been  thickly 
planted  with  suitable  trees  and  shrubs. 

Eucalyptus    globulus    in    Flower   in 

Scotland.— Mr.  Dunn,,  of  the  Dalkeith  Gardens, 
kindly  forwards  a  branch  of  this  in  flower,  with  the 
following  note  : — 

"The  plant,  or  tree,  was  raised  from  seed  I  received 
from  Melbourne,  Australia,  in  1879,  and  sown  in  the  early 
spring  of  1S80,  and  grown  under  glass  for  two  years.  In 
1882,  when  about  5  or  6  leet  high,  it  was  planted  out,  in 
the  month  of  June,  in  the  middle  of  a  Rose  bed  in  a 
sheltered  spot  in  the  grounds,  where  it  has  grown  freely 
and  uninjured  since.  It  began  to  show  its  adult  leaves 
last  season,  and  on  the  br-anches  on  which  they  were 
borne  the  flower-buds  appeared  in  May  this  year.  The 
first  flowers  opened  on  the  i5th  inst.,  and  they  are  now 
opening  freely,  and  present  rather  a  striking  appearance 
on  the  young  tree.  The  tree  is  about  rS  feet  high,  and 
the  flowers  are  produced  on  the  branches  from  the 
middle  upwards.  1  am  not  aware  that  it  has  flowered 
out-of-doors  in  Scotland  previously." 

The  Promenade  and  Boulevard  Asso- 
ciation.—This  useful  body  has  just  added  another 
open  space  in  a  populous  part  of  the  metropolis  avail- 
able for  the  recreation  of  the  people.  Wilmington 
Square,  Clerkenwell,  is  a  comparatively  quiet, 
retired  area,  lying  a  hundred  yards  to  the  west- 
ward of  the  highway  from  Mount  Pleasant  to  the 
"Angel"  Inn  at  Islington.  The  houses  of  well- 
to-do  folks  surround  the  square  ;  but  beyond  these 
are  the  closely  packed  dwellings  of  the  more  needy. 
The  area  of  Clerkenwell  is  redolent  of  rural  names,  to 
wit,  Sadler's  Wells,  London  Spa,  Clerkenwell  Green, 
and  Mount  Pleasant,  and  many  names  of  streets  and 
lanes  suggestive  of  a  time  when  all  that  is  now  covered 
with  dwellings  was  outside  the  boundaries  of  London, 
and  was  resorted  to  by  her  citizens  with  about  the 
same  consumption  of  lime  as  required  to  get  to  Tun- 
bridge  Wells  at  the  present  day.  The  garden,  which 
has  been  nicely  laid  out  with  broad  well-made  walks, 
turf  spaces,  flower  and  shrubbery  beds,  a  fountain, 
and  many  seats  for  those  who  are  weary,  or  whose 
playtime  is  gone  by,  was  opened  by  Her  Grace  the 
Duchess  of  Sutherland,  on  Saturday  last,  July  18. 
Lady  Alexandra  Gower,  Lady  ^Margaret  Sand- 
hurst, Lord  Brabazon,  Lord  Compton,  the 
Bishop  of  Brisbane,  and  many  of  the  clergy  and 
friends  of  the  Association  were  present. 

Mr.  G.  S.  jENMAif,  F.L.S.— This  gentle- 
man, who  spent  some  years  in  Jamaica,  is  now  the 
energetic  Government  Botanist  in  the  colony  of 
British  Guiana,  at  present  in  England  on  leave  of 
absence. 

Labisia  pothoina. — An   undershrub    with 

erect  stem  about  a  foot  high,  with  alternate  stalked 
leaves,  lance-shaped  in  form,  finely  notched  at  the 
edges,  and  traversed  by  a  prominent  deep  red  midrib. 
The  small  whitish  flowers  are  borne  in  long  densely- 
set  axillary  clusters.  The  plant  is  so  like  some  of  the 
Aroids  in  the  shape  of  the  leaves  that  it  was  at  first 
sight  taken  to  belong  to  that  order.  The  venation 
and  the  sheathing  base  of  the  leaf-stalks  give  rise  to 
the  illusion,  speedily  dissipated  by  the  examination  of 
the  flowers,  which  are  like  those  of  an  Ardisia.  The 
plant  is  a  native  of  the  Malayan  Islands,  and  is 
figured  in  the  Illustration  Horticole,  t.  561. 

ILemanthus  cinnabarinus.   -  Several  of 

these  Amaryllids  might  with  propriety  be  included  in 
select  collections  of  bulbs,  and  it  is  desirable  that  the 
reaction  which  has  set  in  lately  with  regard  to  bulbs 
may  continue  ;  for  although  their  season  is,  as  a  rule, 
comparatively  short  compared  with  the  continuous 
blooming  of  some  popular  garden  subjects,  there  is  a 


freshness  and  a  charm  about  them  that  is  always 
attractive.  H.  cinnabarinus  will  compare  favourably 
with  most  of  the  species  in  cultivation  as  regards 
flowers,  but  in  foliage  is  inferior  to  H.  sanguineus. 
Another  property,  however,  which  must  not  be  for- 
gotten is  the  presence  of  leaves  with  the  flowers,  a 
circumstance  svhich  brings  it  on  a  level  with  such 
excellent  species  as  II.  Kalbreyeri,  nalalensis,  and 
Katherin^e.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  dense  sub- 
globose  heads,  and  tube  and  segments  of  the  perianth, 
together  with  the  stamens,  are  of  a  brilliant  vermilion 
fading  to  a  pale  purplish-red  colour.  The  perianih 
segments  are  broader,  and  the  stamens  stouter,  than 
those  of  Kalbrey^'ri,  tipped  with  short  golden-yellow 
anthers.  A  flowering  specimen  may  be  seen  in  the 
Palm-house  at  Kew,  and  a  figure  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  t.  5314. 

Trees   in   Kensington   Gardens. —The 

course  followed  a  few  years  back  in  the  removal  of 
the  numerous  old  half  dead  trees  that  stood  in  the 
north-west  end  of  Kensington  Gardens,  the  necessity 
for  which  was  at  the  time  urged  in  the  pages  of  the 
Gardeners^  Chtonicle,  already  gives  a  forecast  of  the 
advantages  gained.  The  young  trees,  which  have 
been  judiciously  planted  in  groups  of  limited  numbers, 
with  sufficient  open  spaces  intervening,  are  thriving 
well,  and  thus  early  convey  an  idea  of  the  marked 
improvement  in  effect  that  results  from  this  kind  o( 
arrangement  in  contrast  with  the  continuous  wood- 
like aspect  which  existed  before  with  the  whole  sur- 
face occupied.  In  the  original  planting  in  this  part 
of  the  grounds,  in  place  of  the  trees  from  the  first 
being  allowed  enough  room  to  admit  of  their  assuming 
their  natural  spreading  habit,  the  mistake  had  been 
committed  of  putting  them  in  thickly  in  the  way 
usual  when  the  object  is  to  produce  timber.  This 
was  further  aggravated  by  the  evident  absence  of  any 
attempt  at  thinning  out  afterwards  ;  the  result  of  the 
overcrowding  being  that  the  whole  were  reduced  to  a 
state  of  decay  through  starvation.  In  the  planting  of  the 
young  Ireesthis  has  been  guarded  against  bygivingthera 
room  enough  from  the  first.  This  is  a  wise  course, 
as  in  such  places  the  reluctance  to  thin  out  usually 
outweighs  better  judgment.  It  is  gratifying  to  see 
that  in  the  selection  of  the  young  trees  there  has  been 
some  departure  from  the  Elms  of  the  past,  and  the 
never-ending  Planes  of  the  present  generation  of 
London  tree  planters.  Vet  still  more  variety  might 
with  advantage  have  been  introduced,  and  in  place 
of  Horse  Chestnuts  we  would  have  used  more  Syca- 
mores. This  fine  old  British  tree  is  not  enough 
planted  about  the  metropolis  and  other  towns.  It 
thrives  almost  anywhere  where  the  London  Plane  will 
succeed  and  in  a  good  many  places  where  the  latter  will 
not.  It  is  quite  equal  to  the  best  of  the  Planes  in  ap- 
pearance, and  nothing  in  the  shape  ol  insects  affects  its 
leaves  in  a  way  to  cause  their  early  falling.  The  way 
that  the  young  leaves  of  the  Horse  Chestnut  suffer  in 
spring  with  the  stunted  appearance  of  the  established 
trees  in  Hyde  Park,  and  most  other  places  near 
London,  are  sufiicient  cause  for  steering  clear  of  it. 
The  North  American  Pavias  seem  to  generally  thrive 
better  near  London  than  the  Horse  Chestnuts, 

HoMALOMENA     INSIGNIS.  —  Please     note, 

gentle  reader,  that  this  should  not  be  written  "  Homa- 
lonema "  as  most  writers  seem  instinctively  to  do. 
H.  insignis  is  a  Bornean  Aroid  with  tufted  leaves, 
scarlet  leaf-stalks,  supporting  a  broadly  lanceolate 
deep  green  blade,  the  ribs  of  which  are  prominent  on 
the  under-surface,  and  of  a  deep  red  colour.  It 
comes  'nto  the  section  Curmeria,  and  is  a  stove  plant 
of  value  for  decorative  purposes.  It  is  figured  in  the 
Illustration  Horticole,  t,  560. 

Sawbridgeworth  Fruits. — A  most  inter- 
esting group  of  these  was  staged  by  Messrs.  Thomas 
Rivers  &  Son,  of  the  Sawbridgeworth  Nurseries,  at 
the  Saffron  Walden  Flower  Show  on  the  15th  inst. 
There  were  a  dozen  or  so  plants  of  various  kinds 
of  fruits,  all  admirably  grown  and  fruited,  the  follow- 
ing being  well  represented  : — Peach  Albatross,  a  very 
fine-looking  fruit  ;  Sea  Eagle,  and  Nectarine  Peach. 
Nectarines  Gordoni,  extra  fine  in  appearance,  and  an 
admirable  exhibition  variety ;  Orange,  and  Pine- 
apple. Plums,  Kirke's,  Early  Transparent,  and 
Jefferson,  all  bearing  good  crops  of  excellent  fruit  ; 
and  Bigarreau  Gros  Creur  Cherries.  In  addition 
there  was  a  collection  ol  gathered  fruits,  consisting  of 
fine  examples  of  Dr.  Hogg  and  Conkling  Peaclies, 
Prince  Albert,  Gordoni,  Humboldt,  and  Byron  Nec- 


tarines ;  large  red  Bigarreau  and  Early  Rivers' 
Cherries,  the  latter  represented  by  fine  fruit  of  the 
highest  quality.  The  highest  commendation  was 
awarded  to  this  interesting  collection. 

Great  York  Gala  and  Horticultural 

FiirE. — The  balance-sheet  of  the  exhibition  in  June 
last  has  been  published,  and  shows  the  year's  income 
to  have  been^i794,  and  the  expenditure  £isn  '81., 
which  includes  ^535  for  prizes,  &c.  The  greater 
portion  of  the  balance  of  ^217  will  be  handed  to  the 
charities  of  York.  The  Gala  was  favoured  with  fine 
weather  and  was  in  every  way  a  success,  and  the 
speedy  winding-up  of  affairs  and  issue  of  a  balance- 
sheet  is  highly  creditable  to  the  committee,  and  to  the 
Secretary,  Mr.  John  Wilson.  The  accompanying 
figures  convey  a  tolerably  correct  idea  of  the  in- 
terest which  is  taken  in  the  annual  exhibition  at 
this  fine  old  city  : — First  day's  attendance,  4351  ; 
second  day,  25,635  ;  third  day,  10,924  ;  making  a 
total  ol  40,910;  and  this  notwithstanding  that  it 
threatened  rain  on  the  third  day.  This  result  is  well 
deserved  by  the  committee,  and  their  indefatigable 
Secretary,  Mr.  Wilson,  who  during  the  twenty-seven 
years  this  great  horticultural  gathering  has  taken 
place  have  worked  together  with  a  will  and  fixity  of 
purpose  that  has  alike  gained  the  confidence  of  exhi- 
bitors and  the  appreciation  of  the  public. 

The  Sun.— Professor  Langley,  who  re- 
cently gave  an  account  at  the  Royal  Institution  of  his 
ascent  of  Mount  Whitney  in  Southern  California,  for 
the  purpose  of  making  investigations  as  to  the  nature 
of  sunlight  and  the  earth's  atmosphere,  concludes  that 
the  sun  is  blue.  The  apparent  yellow  colour  is 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  atmosphere  through  which  the 
light  passes  has  absorbed  or  sifted  out  the  other 
colours  to  a  greater  extent  than  the  yellow.  The 
solar  heat  is  calculated  to  be  capable  of  melting  a 
shell  of  ice  60  yards  thick  annually  over  the  whole 
earth.  The  total  loss  by  absorption  from  the  atmo- 
sphere is  nearly  double  what  has  been  heretofore  sup- 
posed, and  the  huir.an  race  o*es  its  existence  and 
preservation  to  the  heat-storing  of  the  atmosphere 
even  more  than  has  been  believed,  for  if  the  planet 
were  allowed  to  radiate  freely  into  space  without  any 
protecting  atmospheric  veil,  its  sunlit  surface  would 
probably  fall,  even  in  the  Tropics,  below  the  tem- 
perature of  freezing  mercury.  The  apparently  limpid 
aerial  sea  above  our  heads  and  about  us  is  carrying  on 
a  wonderfully  intricate  work  on  the  sunbeam  and  on 
the  heat  returned  from  the  soil,  picking  and  sorting 
out  selected  parts  in  hundreds  of  places,  and  as  one 
result  changing  the  sunbeam  on  its  way  down  to  us 
in  the  manner  indicated. 

Bilbergia   Breauteana    X  . — The   Reviu 

Horticole  of  July  I  gives  a  coloured  figure  of  this 
beautiful  hybrid  between  B.  pallescens  and  B.  vittata. 
The  plant  is  tufted  with  numerous  oblong  obtuse 
leaves,  provided  with  fine  red  spines  at  the  margins. 
Inflorescence  pendulous,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  with 
numerous  rosy-pink  oblong  bracts  and  clusters  of 
numerous  flowers,  each  about  2  inches  long,  with  red 
calyces  and  violet  petals  twice  the  length  of  the  sepals. 
M.  AndrA,  by  whose  gardener,  M.  BrSaut^.,  the 
plant  was  raised,  speaks  very  highly  of  it  for  deco- 
rative purposes,  and  recommends  it  to  amateurs 
and  market-growers  by  reason  of  its  easy  culture 
and  abundant  bloom. 

PiTTOSPORUM  UNDULATUM. — Some  hand- 
some plants  of  this  Australian  evergreen  shrub  are 
now  growing  freely  on  a  south  border  by  the  side  of 
Hanger  Hill  House,  Ealing,  and  are  very  striking 
and  elegant  objects.  The  seeds  of  this,  and  of 
several  species  of  Gum  trees,  were  received  from  New 
Zealand  by  Mr.  E.  M.  Nelson,  and  the  plants 
raised  from  them  were  planted  out,  during  1SS4,  in  a 
warm  recess  on  the  high  ground  on  which  the  man- 
sion stands.  They  came  through  last  winter,  without 
taking  harm,  but  as  it  was  a  very  mild  one — it  scarcely 
furnished  a  sufficient  test  of  the  comparative  hardi- 
hood of  the  Pitlosporum  in  the  open  ground  near 
London.  At  present  there  is  no  appearance  of  the 
plants  blooming,  but  they  have  made  a  free  growth, 
and  their  elegant  habit  and  undulated  silvery  leaves 
are  in  striking  contrast  to  other  types  of  vegetation 
surrounding  them.  The  position  the  plants  occupy  is 
one  eminently  favourable  to  their  coming  through  the 
winter  with  safety,  but  should  it  prove  severe  some 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


115 


protection  will  no  doubt  be  afforded  to  these  interest- 
ing subjects.  At  present  they  appear  to  be  doing  as 
well  as  the  most  fastidious  could  desire. 

-  Market  Gardening. — M.  Gillekens,  the 
Director  of  the  National  School  of  Horticulture  at 
Vilvorde,  has  published  a  lecture  given  by  him  on  the 
subject,  and  which  will  well  repay  perusal.  M. 
Gillekens'  object  is  lo  show  how  by  developing 
market  gardening  among  the  small  peasant  proprietary 
a  profitable  industry  may  be  developed,  to  compensate 
for  the  loss  on  agricultural  operations  proper.  M. 
GiLLEKtCNS  gives  details  as  to  the  culture  of  vege- 
tables, and  statistical  estimates  of  the  cost  of  so  doing, 
but  in  the  latter  estimate  he  does  not,  so  far  as  we  see, 
include  the  cost  of  getting  the  products  to  market — 
a  cost  which  must,  in  proportion,  be  heavier  for  the 
small  grower  than  for  the  large. 

The  Hartz  Mountains. — Those  who  are 

contemplating  a  holiday  should  purchase  No.  3  of  the 
Holiday  Handbook  {125,  Fleet  Street),  and  those  who 
are  nut  should  expend  a  penny  for  the  same  purpose. 
In  neither  case  are  they  likely  to  be  disappointed,  for 
the  guide  is  both  pleasantly  written  and  contains  a 
large  amount  of  miscellaneous  information  useful 
alike  to  the  traveller  and  to  the  sedentary  reader. 

Hemlock  Bark  Extract. — The  manufac- 
ture of  the  extract  from  the  bark  of  the  Hemlock 
Spruce  (Tsuga  canadensis)  is  assuming  very  large  pro- 
portions in  America.  It  is  chiefly  carried  on  in  the 
eastern  townships  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  where 
the  tree  abound;.  It  is,  however,  found  over  a  very 
extensive  area  in  North  America,  and  grows  to  a 
height  of  from  70  to  So  feet.  It  is  said  to  be  found 
far  better  to  manufacture  the  bark  into  a  merchant- 
able article  of  current  value  at  the  place  of  growth 
than  lo  send  it  bulky,  as  it  is  in  the  rough,  to  foreign 
markets.  The  Custom  returns  of  America  show  a 
very  marked  increase  in  the  export  of  Hemlock  bark 
extract  during  the  past  four  years.  To  manufacture  the 
extract  the  bark  is  put  through  a  processof  "leaching," 
and  thus  the  principal  watery  portion  is  evaporated, 
so  that  a  concentrated  solution  of  tannin  is  the  resuU. 
The  wholesale  destruction  of  Hemlock  trees  for 
the  manufacture  of  extract  threatens  to  seriously 
diminish  the  future  supply  of  this  wood,  which  will 
become  more  and  more  useful  as  Pine  disappears. 
In  a  report  of  a  committee  of  the  Canadian  Parli?.- 
ment  so  far  back  as  1S6S  it  was  estimated  that  an 
extent  of  10,000  a:res  of  the  best  Hemlock  land  was 
stripped  every  year  for  supplying  bark  to  the  extract 
factories,  the  timber  being  left  to  rot  on  the  ground. 

Gentianatriflora,  Pa//.,  tab,  iiSg. — This 

plant  belongs  to  the  handsomest  of  this  widespread 
genus,  and  has  the  particular  advantage  of  blooming 
in  September  and  October,  when  almost  all  other 
perennials  have  ceasei  fioweiing.  The  large,  hand- 
some flowers  resemble  those  of  G.  pneumonanthe, 
but  it  is  to  be  preferred  to  that  species  in  that  the 
small,  tender  foliage  permits  the  bloom  to  be  better 
seen.  The  cultivation  of  this  Gentian  is  exceedingly 
easy,  as  it  requires  merely  loamy  soil  enriched  with 
humus,  and  a  sunny  open  site.  It  can  be  propagated 
by  cutting";,  divisions,  and  by  seed. 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.  W.   A. 

Cove,  Gardener  to  J.  Allen,  Esq  ,  Stowford  Lodge, 
Ivybridge,  Devon,  for  the  last  five  years,  has  been 
appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Colonel  S.  CORYTON, 
Pentillie  Castle,  Saliash,  Coinwall.  — Mr.  S,  LvON,  for 
the  last  six  years  Gardener  to  Lady  Scott,  Sundridge 
Park,  Bromley,  has  been  engaged  as  Head  Gardener 
to  Viscount  Lord  Bridport,  Cricket  St.  Thomas, 
Chard,  Somerset. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Azalea  indica  var.  Harlequin,  Illuslralion 
IlortkoU,  t.  559. 

Cyclamkn  repandum,  Garden,  June  13. 

MOR/EA  Roeinsoniana,  Garten  Zcitung,  April  9. 

Rosa  alpina  pyrenaica,  Garden,  June  13. 

Saxifbaga  AVENOiDES,  Garden,  July  13. 

Statice  Bonditelli,  Revue  HortUole,  June  16. 

Statice  Thouini,  Revue  Hottieole,  June  16. 

TOXICOPIIL.^A  TaUNBEEGii,  Illiist.  Hort.,  t.  543, 
April. 

Tristan  I A  conferta,  R.  Br.,  Gartenjlora,  t. 
1 1 88. 

Verbascum  phlomoides.— CaraVn,  F»j.  28. 


TREVARRICK,    ST.    AUSTELL, 
CORNWALL. 

Mr.  Lakes,  the  genial  owner  of  Ihis  rich  estate,  is 
a  well-known  patron  of  horlicuUure,  as  were  his 
fathers  before  him.  There  are  very  few  places  that 
can  vie  with  Trevprrick  for  remarkable  specimens  of 
exotic  trees  and  plants.  The  two  trees  of  Benihamia 
fragi'err  there  are  said  to  be  the  largest  specimens  in 
Britain.  They  exceed  35  feet  in  height,  and  the  one 
I  measured  has  a  trunk  5  feet  in  circumference  at 
3  feet  from  the  ground  (see  fig.  24).  Towards  the  end 
of  summer  they  are  clustered  with  theifclarge  red  Straw- 
berry like  fruit,  and  just  now  they  present  a  very 
striking  appearance,  being  literally  covered  with 
thousands  of  heads  of  white  flowers.  Directly  in  front 
of  the  mansion  is  a  Camellia  which  has  produced 
upwards  of  16,000  blooms  during  the  past  spring.  It 
is  in  the  open  ground,  and  is  84  feet  around,  and  is 
dense,  from  the  bottom  rising  in  a  cone  to  a  height 
of  some  10  or  12  feet.  Not  far  from  this  huge 
specimen  is  an  original  plant  of  Cupressus  Law- 
soniana,  50  feet  high,  and  65  feet  around,  a 
perfect  beauty  :  Fabiana  imbricata  is  treated  as 
a  shrub  here,  7  to  S  feet  high ;  its  Erica- 
like flowers  are  just  now  at  their  best  :  along- 
side is  the  Ozothamnus  rosmarinasfolius,  of  similar 
dimensions,  and  a  sheet  of  white.  Taxodium  sem- 
pervirens,  as  well  as  the  deciduous  kind,  T.  distichum 
(the  deciduous  Cypress),  tower  to  a  height  of  70  feet, 
the  trunk  of  the  former  being  S  feet  7  inches  in  cir- 
cumference at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  40  paces 
around.  Pinus  palustris  (very  scarce)  is  25  feet  high  ; 
Cryptomeria  elegans  is  30  feet  and  53  feet  around  ; 
and  the  Lucombe  Oak  at  the  entrance  gates  is  liner 
than  thit  grand  original  specimen  at  Messrs. 
Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.'s  nurseries  at  Exeter.  Mr. 
Lake's  tree  is  about  100  paces  around,  and 
the  trunk  at  3  feet  from  the  ground  is  Xz  feet  in  cir- 
cumference. The  rock  garden  is  well  furnished  with 
rarities,  and  it  almost  took  my  breath  away  when  I 
saw  here  the  Mitraria  coccinea  quite  14  feet  across 
and  covering  a  smiU  hillock.  This  plant  is  usually 
found  in  the  greenhouse,  but  at  Trevarrick  it  luxuri- 
ates outdoors,  and  its  brilliant  flowers  are  now  coming 
in.    W.  Napper,  June  27. 


HARDY    trees    AND    SHRUBS. 

Clematis  ct.rulea  odorata.— Messrs.  Vcitch 
send  us  flowers  of  this  fine  old  hardy  Clematis  with 
its  deep  violet-purple  flowers  and  yellow  anthers. 
The  flowers  measure  about  li  inch  across,  and  have 
a  rich  perfume  of  prussic  acid. 

Spir.ea  palmata  alba. 
The  rich  crimson  flowers  of  the  Japanese  Spiraea 
palmata  are  known  to  most  gardeners,  but  the  white 
variety  is  much  less  frequent.  Messrs.  Veitch  send  us 
fine  sprays  of  it,  which  show  that  the  plant  is  to  the 
full  as  ornamental  as  the  ordinary  variety. 

Spir.ea  Lindleyana. 
A  loose-growing  shrub,  with  elegant  pinnate  leaves 
and  large  triangular  panicles  of  white  flowers,  is  very 
lovely  just  now.  Those  who  have  plenty  of  room 
should  certainly  grow  it,  but  its  rampant  habit  does 
not  commend  it  for  small  gardens.  Moreover  it  is 
somewhat  tender,  and  large  branches  are  apt  to  die 
and  look  unsightly.  Nevertheless,  the  shrub  is  so 
lovely  when  it  blooms,  and  its  foliage  so  graceful,  that 
we  should  be  sorry  to  discard  it. 

Cassinia  fulvida 
is  a  plant  no  lover  of  hardy  shrubs  should  be  without. 
Its  slender  thickset  branches  are  covered  with  tawny 
scales,  the  minute  leaves  are  dark  green  above  and 
tawny  beneath,  the  flower-heads  small,  white,  clus- 
tered in  dense  masses  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 
Some  recognise  it  under  the  name  Diplopappus, 
but  under  whatever  name  no  one  will  do  wrong  to 
grow  it.  Messrs.  Veitch  send  us  a  fine  spray  of  it 
from  Combe  Wood. 

Ligustrum  sinense. 
A  hardy  shrub  of  graceful  habit  and  most  profuse 
flowering  tendency.     The  leaves  are  yellowish-green, 


borne  on  long  slender  arching  shoots,  and  the  numer- 
ous while  flowers  fill  the  air  with  a  fragrance  which  to 
some  folk  is  objectionable. 

Large  Conifers. 
At  Flete  (Mr.  II.  B.  Mildmay's  home),  near  Ivy 
Bridge,  where  Mr.  Salway  is  the  gardener,  there  is  a 
fine  example  of  the  weeping  English  Yew  (Taxus 
baccata  Dovastoni).  Its  trunk  is  9  feet  in  circum- 
ference at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  its  entire  height 
is  at  least  40  feet.  It  is  about  50  paces  around,  and  it 
is  remarkable  for  its  symmetry  and  gracefulness.  Close 
at  hand  stands  a  noble  tree  of  the  Pinus  insignis, 
quite  100  feet  high,  whose  trunk  is  11  feet  6  inches  in 
girth,  and  the  spread  of  its  dense  branches,  which 
sweep  the  ground,  is  some  50  feet  across.  W.  N. 

BUDDLEIA    GLOBOSA. 

It  is  perhaps  noticeable  that  although  this 
plant  has  been  in  this  country  for  more  than 
a  century,  it  appears  to  have  been  sparingly 
planted.  It  is  not  often  met  with  in  gardens,  but 
it  is  just  now  a  noteworthy  object  in  the  gardens  of 
Gunnersbury  House,  Acton,  where  Mr.  Hudson  has 
it  growing  in  a  shrubbery  border  under  the  friendly 
protection  of  some  tall  trees,  and  where  it  is  flowering  . 
very  freely,  throwing  out  its  flowers  in  bright  yellow 
globular  heads,  brilliant  and  fragrant,  and  decidedly 
striking.  Hard  frost  will  sometimes  cut  back  this 
showy  plant  to  the  very  ground,  but  that  the  root  is  not 
killed,  and  that  it  springs  up  again  luxuriantly.  [We 
lost  ours  in  iSSo-Si].  The  position  given  to  it  at  Gun- 
nersbury House  is  no  doubt  favourable  to  its  preserva- 
tion, and  another  purpose  is  served,  for  the  plant  has  a 
straggling  habit  of  growth  which  is  not  noticed  where 
it  can  spread  its  branches  among  other  shrubs.  It  is 
said  that  it  will  hardly  stand  the  ordinary  English 
winter  north  of  the  Trent,  and  when  planted  beyond 
this  line  should  hive  the  assistance  of  a  wall,  and  be 
further  protected  druing  winter. 

Cercis  siliquastrdm. 
The  finest  Judas  Tree,  or  Love  Tree  (Cercis  sili- 
quastrum)  I  have  ever  met  with  is  at  Saltram- 
Plympton,  Lord  Morley's  seat.  It  stands  apart  from 
the  olher  trees  in  the  park,  within  a  gunshot  of  the 
mansion,  and  on  the  occasion  of  my  visit,  a  short 
time  since,  was  clustered  over  with  its  purplish- 
coloured  flowers,  and  its  leaves  of  singular  form  were 
just  appearing.  The  trunk,  at  3  feet  from  the  ground, 
measures  5  feet  4  inches  in  circumference,  above 
which  it  soon  forks  out  into  a  well-branched  head, 
the  circumference  of  which  is  about  30  paces.  Its 
height  is  about  35  feet.    W.  N. 


THE     POTATO    CROP    OF     1S85. 

(L\'„d„dcd  fro„:  p.   73.) 

SCOTLAND. 

Aberdeen. — The  Potato  crop  looks  very  promising 
but  this  season  everything  is  about  from  ten  to  fifteen 
days  later  than  usual.  All  those  above-ground  before 
May  10  were  cut  olf  by  the  frost  of  that  morning  (10°). 
There  is  no  appearance  of  disease.  I  find  that 
Sharpe's  Victor,  as  an  early  Potato,  still  holds  its 
ground  out  of  about  sixty  sorts  I  have  on  trial.  V, 
Fariiuhar,  Fyvie  Caslle, 

Potatos  in  general  came  up  well,  and  are  look- 
ing well,  but  are  very  late.  Early  sorts,  such  as  Ash- 
leaf  Kidney,  &c.,  will  not  be  ready  for  use  for  at 
least  two  weeks  yet,  unless  such  as  have  been  forced 
and  carefully  protected.   7.  Forrest,  HadJo. 

Banff.— Potatos  are  everywhere  looking  healthy 
in  this  district,  but  owing  to  the  long  track  of  ungenial 
weather  are  backward  in  growth  for  the  period, 
especially  amongst  the  late  sorts.  J.  Webster,  Gordon 
Castle. 

East  Lothian. — Potatos  look  well  and  promising, 
both  in  field  and  garden.  Early  kinds  are  smaller 
than  usual  owing  to  the  long  drought.  L.  Dow,  Pres- 
tonkirk. 

Fife. — The  Potato  crops  are  very  healthy  at  pre- 
sent, and  no  doubt  with  fine  weather  they  will  give 
satisfaction  to  the  grower.  John  Proctor,  The  Gardens, 
Donibristle. 

Forfar.— All  looking  well  in  this  quarter,  gentle 
showers  now  and  again  and  brilliant  sunshine  bring 
them  on  very  fast,  and  I  hear  no  complaints  about 
them  at  all.  J.  Mitchell,  Carnoustie. 

Midlothian.- Potatos  do  not  look  nearly  as  well 
as  last  season  ;  they  are  very  late,  especially  garden 


ii6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18 


varieties.  The  Potatos  here  were  all  frosted  on  their 
appearance  above-ground.  Field  varieties  seem 
healthy  but  late,  with  warm  weather  they  will  make 
rapid  progress.  C.  Johnstone^  Dalhousie  Castle 
Gardens,  Bonnyri^^, 

It  is  too  early  to  give  a  safe  guess  at  what  the 

Potato  crops  may  be,  but  the  earliest  garden  Potatos 
are  turning  out  well,  and  the  field  crops  are  looking 
exceedingly  promising.  Of  course  there  is  no  disease 
yet.   M.  Dunn,  Dalkeith. 

St/THERLAND. — Potatos,  particularly  kidney  varie- 
ties, come  up  very  irregularly.  Owing  to  the  eold, 
wet  spring,  a  good  many  sets  rotted  to  the  ground, 
otherwise  they  look  promising  since  warm  weather  set 
in,  but  will  be  later  than  usual.  D.  Melville. 

WiGTON. — The  Potato  crops  are  generally  looking 
well  in  this  district,  but  ten  days  later  than  average 
years.  The  breadth  planted  is  less  than  in  most 
former  years,  owing  to  the  low  prices  of  last  year's 
crop.  A.  Fowler,  Castle  Kennedy,  Stranraer. 


ENGLAND.— NORTHERN    COUNTIES. 

Cumberland. — Potatos  are  looking  well  in  the 
fields,  and  those  that  we  have  been  taking  up  in  the 
gardens  are  a  fair  crop,  and  of  average  quality,  and 
free  from  disease.  J.  Hammond,  Brayton,  Car- 
lisle. 

Westmoreland,— Both  early  and  late  sorts  look 
healthy,  none  being  out  of  the  ground  when  the  frosts 
visited  us  ;  but  both  are  later  than  usual.  IV.  A, 
Miller,  Underley  Gardens. 

Durham.— Potatos  look  well,  and  free  from  blast 
or  disease  up  to  the  present.  Early  crops  were  cut 
down  on  three  difterent  nights,  and  to  all  appearance 
the  crop  is  damaged,  the  tops  being  of  a  weak  nature, 
and  the  tubers  small.  Field  crops,  although  late, 
are  clean,  and  likely  to  turn  out  well.  J.  Hunter, 
Lamhton   Castle. 

Yorkshire. — The  early  Potato  crops  will  be  very 
light,  they  were  cut  off  so  much  with  the  frosts,  which 
make  them  quite  a  fortnight  later  for  the  markets.  The 
late  field  Potatos  look  very  well,  and  if  fine  dry 
weather  should  continue  we  shall  have  good  crops 
again.   J.  Shaw,  iVunapfleton. 

Potatos    look    very   well,    and    have    made 

wonderful  progress  since  we  had  the  1.92  inch  of  rain 
on  June  24  and  25.  Schoolmaster  is  a  great  favourite 
here  ;  we  are  still  using  that  sort,  and  find  them 
most  excellent.   T.  Jones,  Wetherby  Hall. 

Lancashire. — With  the  exception  of  a  few  plots 
of  Magnum  Bonums,  Potatos  in  this  locality  are 
looking  well  and  growing  rapidly.  The  above-named 
sort  is  a  patchy  and  irregular  crop,  owing — as  I 
believe— entirely  to  the  sets  having  been  planted  with- 
out due  preparation.   F.  Harrison,  A'nozL'sley  Garden. 

Potatos  are  about  two  weeks  later  than  usual, 

came  up  irregularly,  but  are  now  improving,  and, 
with  a  continuance  of  fine  genial  weather  will,  I 
fancy,  turn  out  well.  A.  Jamieson,  Hai^^h  Hall 
Garden,   Wigan. 

The    Potato   crops    are    looking   extremely 

well.  Early  sorts  were  nipped  by  frost,  are  now 
looking  in  good  order,  but  will  be  late.  All  crops  in 
this  locality  are  a  fortnight  later  this  year  than  last. 
H.  Lindsay,  Hnntroyde  Gardens, 


MIDLAND  COUNTIES. 

Stafford.— Potatos  are  turning  out  well,  but 
earlies  are  quite  a  fortnight  later  than  last  year. 
Field  crops  are  in  fine  time— there  is  every  likelihood 
of  a  big  turn-out.  Sutton's  Early  Regent  seems  to 
me  to  be  one  of  the  most  promising  of  the  newer 
sorts.  7.  Loudon,  The  Quinta,  Chirk. 

Ic   is   rather   early  to   say   much  about    the 

Potato  crop  ;  they  are  looking  wonderfully  well  in 
this  district,  I  never  saw  them  looking  better.  Having 
had  a  good  supply  in  frames,  I  have  only  lifted  a  few 
outside,  and  they  promise  well.  J.  IVallis,  Keele  Hall 
Gardens. 

Salop. — We  commenced  lifting  Veitch's  Ashleaf 
Kidney  here  on  June  15,  which  are  very  good  both  in 
quality  and  crop,  and  I  think  I  may  venture  to  say  I 
never  saw  the  Potato  crop  look  more  promising,  both 
in  field  and  garden,  than  it  does  at  the  present  time. 
A'.  Milner,  Sundorn  Castle. 

Notts.- Potatosare  looking  well,  but  are  late.  No 
disease  to  be  seen  amongst  early  ones  in  the  gardens, 
those  in  the  fields  very  strong  and  healthy,  but  on 
Saturday  morning  we  had  2'  of  (rost.  At  a  small 
village  2  miles  from  here  had  Potatos  cut  down.  A. 
Henderson,  Allerton, 


Bucks. — Very  promising  in  every  respect.  Began 
*3ifigmg  Early  Bird  outdoors  on  south  border  on 
June  8.  This  Potato  was  sent  out  by  the  late  Mr. 
Turner,  and  is  a  first-class  early  variety.  None  have 
been  injured  by  frost.  Later  varieties  are  looking 
healthy  and  strong.  Schoolmaster  is  one  ol  our  main 
crop  varieties.  No  appearance  of  disease  at  present. 
y.  Smith,  Mcnimore. 

O.XFOKD.  —  Early  Potatos  are  a  very  light  crop,  but 
of  good  quality.  With  very  cold  nights  and  a  light 
rainfall  the  growth  has  never  been  free.  Late  sorts 
look  promising  at  present,  but  want  rain  very  much. 
J.  IVatson,  Ntineham  Park. ' 

Herts.  — I  grow  between  twenty  and  thirty  varie- 
ies,  all  growing  remarkably  well.  The  earliest  now 
lifting  are  very  clean,  and  of  fine  quality.  At  present 
this  promises  to  be  a  good  Potato  year.  y.  C.  Mitn- 
dell,  Moor  Park. 

EASTERN  COUNTIES. 

Lincoln. — Potato  crops  look  very  promising,  no 
disease  as  yet ;  first  earliest  are  turning  out  fairly  well, 
but  not  many  are  lifted  yet.  Earliest  crops  were  cut 
down  by  8°  of  frost  on  May  12,  which  they  have  never 
got  over.  D.  Lumsden,  Bhxholm  Hall. 

Norfolk.— Potatos  at  present  looking  remarkably 
well,  though  being  cut  back  with  the  late  frosts,  but 
now  no  sign  of  the  check.  Not  many  at  present  have 
been  lifted,  but  the  early  ones,  though  small,  lilted  by 
myself,  are  very  good,  showing  no  sign  of  any  disease. 
7.  Forder,  Hilhngton  Hall,  Kin^s  Lynn. 

Essex. — 0»ing  to  the  long  drought  we  are  having 
in  this  district,  early  Potatos  are  small,  but  good  in 
quality.  Up  to  this  time  I  have  not  heard  of  or  seen 
any  disease.  The  late  crops  look  promising  at  this 
date,  but  are  wanting  rain.  7-  Mill,  Wooadridge. 

Our    first    crop,    Beauty    of    Hebron,    was 

very  good  both  in  size  and  quality.  We  are  now 
using  the  varieties  of  Ashleaf,  which  are  not  so  large, 
but  clean,  and  of  good  quality.  Other  sorts  of  the 
later  kinds  look  favourable,  and  we  have  not  seen  any 
disease  amongst  them,  D.  Donald,  The  Green, 
Leyton.  

SOUTHERN  COUNTIES. 

Berks. — Potato  crops  are  most  promising  ;  our 
early  kinds  are  very  good,  late  sorts  strong  and 
very  vigorous.  I  found  Potato  disease  on  early  kinds 
on  June  24.  The  dry  weather  setting  in  will  have  an 
effect  on  its  spreading.  y.Tegg,  Bearwood,  Wokingham, 

Middlesex. — The  Potatos  look  very  well  up  to  the 
present  time,  and  the  early  ones  turn  out  well.  The 
later  ones,  I  hope,  will  be  as  good.  iV,  Bates, 
Poulet  Lodge,  Tii'ickenham, 

Potatos  are  looking   very   well  indeed,   and 

hundreds  of  acres  of  ground  are  covered  with  them 
in  this  locality  ;  though  planted  earlier  than  usual, 
owing  to  the  dry,  open  nature  of  the  weather  in 
March,  yet  the  germination  seemed  to  have  been 
unusually  retarded,  and  in  many  cases  there  are 
breaks  in  the  rows,  not  so  common  where  the  sets 
were  put  in  much  later.  Still  growth  now  is  robust, 
rapid,  and  healthy  with  all  kinds,  and  they  are 
legion.  Plants  are  producing  bloom  early  and  abun- 
dantly, and  its  free  appearance  may  be  taken  to  indi- 
cate health  and  early  tubering.  No  doubt  in  conse- 
quence the  season  will  be  prolific  in  seed,  and  in 
future  years  of  seedling  kinds.  The  value  of  these, 
however,  must  be  largely  dependent  upon  the  nature 
of  the  crosses  made.  Something  marvellously  good 
is  now  required  to  constitute  a  new  first-class  Potato. 
A.  D.,  Bedfont. 

Potatos  are    very  promising   in   appearance, 

but  want  rain  very  badly  ;  unless  we  get  a  plentiful 
downfall  at  once  there  is  every  prospect  of  super- 
tubering,  should  much  rain  occur  later  on.  T, 
Baines. 

Kent.  —  Promise  well  and  are  of  fairly  even  ap- 
pearance. Very  early  growths  were  cut  back  by  late 
frosts.   Correspondent,  Bedgehury. 

The  Potato  crop  is  very  promising  at  present, 

a  good  rain  would  still  much  improve  it  ;  the  land  is 
getting  very  dry,  especially  where  there  is  free  drain- 
age.  There  is  no  sign  of  the  blight,  which  makes  its 
appearance  later  on  as  a  rule.  A.  Waterman,  Preston 
Hall,  Aylesford. 

Sussex. — Potatos,  up  to  this  time,  I  have  not  seen 
looking  better  in  any  past  season.  They  are  in  a 
splendid  promising  state.  I  have  not  seen  any  blight 
as  yet.  5.  Ford,  Lconardslce, 

Wilts. — The  Potato  crop  is  very  satisfactory  in 
every  way.     Early  varieties   in   this  neigbbouibood 


are  an  excellent  crop,  of  good  quality,  and  per- 
fectly free  from  disease.  Late  sorts  with  us  are 
promising  well — I  think  better  than  last  year.  W. 
Phipps,  Bowood. 

Potato  crops  are  looking  remarkably  well — 

rather  late  in  this  neighbourhood,  owing  to  the  cold 
weather  in  May,  with  continual  frost  at  night. 
Should  we  be  favoured  with  warm  growing  weather 
I  am  in  hopes  we  shall  have  an  abundant  crop.  7', 
Beck,  Crichel  House,  IVimborne. 


WESTERN    COUNTIES. 

Hereford. — At  the  present  time  early  Potatos 
are  looking  remarkably  clean  and  healthy,  with  no 
sign  of  disease.  Late  Potatos  in  the  field  are  also 
looking  well,  and,  with  fine  weather,  we  may  expect 
a  grand  crop.  y.  C,  Downton  Gardens. 

A  fine  dry  time  for  getting  in  the  sets  and 

tolerable  freedom  from  frost  have  favoured  a  bold 
healthy  growth  of  baulm.  The  ground  being  fairly 
covered,  the  fine  rains  we  have  lately  had  must  tell  in 
favour  of  full  crops  of  good  tubers.  So  far  there  is  no 
sign  of  curl  or  the  dreaded  disease,  and  the  plant  being 
forward  for  the  season,  vigorous  and  healthy,  the  pro- 
spect is  better  than  it  has  been  for  some  years  past. 
We  grow  only  those  which  do  well  on  our  soil — 
Mona's  Pride,  Veitch's  and  Myatl's,  as  being  our 
earliest  ;  Lady  Paget,  ajfine  cropper  and  fairly  free 
from  disease.  Tubers  of  last  year,  although  a  second 
early,  are  still  sound.    W.  Coleman,  Eastnor  Castle. 

The  Potato  crops  are  well  advanced  and  are 

very  healthy  and  promising.  A  few  of  the  early  sorts 
have  been  dug  and  have  turned  out  very  satisfactorily. 
Given  an  immunity  from  disease,  an  abundant  crop  can 
be  anticipated.  IC.  McA'enzie,  Allensinore  Court. 

Worcester. — We  are  lifting  Myatt's  Ashleaf  for 
use,  of  very  good  quality,  but  rather  smaller  than  usual. 
Mid-season  and  late  varieties  look  wonderfully  clean 
and  healthy  ;  I  never  remember  them  looking  so  well, 
and  should  not  the  disease  make  its  appearance  the  yield 
will,  1  imagine, be  enormous.  \V.  Child,  Croome  Court. 

Cornwall. — On  the  whole  Potatos  are  looking 
fairly  well,  early  ones  are  of  good  quality,  but  the  crop 
is  not  enormous.  Second  earlies  are  looking  well,  so 
also  are  the  field  crops.  No  disease  has  appeared  yet, 
should  that  keep  off  another  month,  we  hope  to  lift 
an  average  crop.   C.  Lee,  Baeonnoc. 

Early  Potatos  are  a  very  good  crop,  late  ones 

look  very  promising,  but  sorry  to  see  disease  in 
White  Elephants  and  Champions,  '*  imported  seed." 
Cornubian,  Tehidy  Park,  Camborne. 

Devon.  —  Potatos  are  looking  remarkably  well 
at  present.  We  have  been  taking  up  Myatt's  Ash- 
leaf and  Beauty  of  Hebron  for  the  past  fortnight  ; 
very  good  crops  of  each.  Disease  has  not  appeared 
very  much  f'lr  these  two  years  past.  It  is  rather  too 
early  to  expect  its  appearance  yet.  D.  C.  Powell,  Pow- 
derham  Castle  Gardens,  Kenton. 


WALES. 


Pembrokeshire. — The  early  crops  turned  out 
fairly  good,  and  were  a  little  later  than  usual.  The 
second  earlies  are  very  good,  and  the  late  crops  look 
remarkably  well.  The  disease  appeared  in  this  dis- 
trict on  the  15th.  Some  early  Ashleafs  were  observed 
on  that  day,  on  a  dry,  warm  south  border,  to  be 
badly  affected.  Previous  to  its  appearance  we  had 
had  a  few  days  of  hot,  muggy  weather.  The  disease 
had  never  been  observed  in  the  border  before.  Wood 
ashes  have  been  used  as  manure,  and  the  seeds  were 
healthy,  so  under  the  above  conditions  the  early  out- 
break is  rather  unaccountable,  unless  it  be  the  weather, 
G.  Griffin,  Slebech  Park. 

Glamorgan. — We  have  been  digging  early  kid- 
neys in  the  open  since  the  latter  part  of  May,  and 
they  are  very  abundant,  of  fair  size,  and  very  good 
quality.  We  had  no  late  spring  frosts  to  injure  them, 
but  owing  to  the  weather  being  very  backward  in  the 
fore  part  o(  May  general  crops  are  later  than  usual. 
There  is  no  indication  ol  disease,  and  the  crops  in  the 
whole  district  promise  well.  7-  Muir,  Margam 
Park.  

CHANNEL  ISLANDS. 
Jersey. — The  early  Potato  crop  has  been  a  com- 
parative failure  here  this  season  owing  to  the  cold 
weather  in  May  ;  when  the  growth  was  stayed  over 
a  period  of  three  weeks  ;  many  pieces  of  ground  have 
not  produced  more  than  double  the  quantity  planted 
for  seed.  The  second  early  and  later  crops  have  a 
better  appearance,  and  are  producing  a  fair  crop  as 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


117 


they  are  being  taken  up  ;  and  should  fair  weather  con- 
tinue, the  late  crops  will  help  to  counterbalance  the 
growers'  losses  in  their  early  crops.  C.  B.  Saunders. 
St.  Saviour^s. 

IRELAND. 
Fermanagh. — Potatos    are    looking    fairly   well. 
Rain    is   very   much   needed    at    present.      With    a 
favourable  season  will  be  plentiful.    W.   Ma^ie,   Gar- 
dins,  Florence  Court,  Enniskillen, 

Nunaerous  other  reports  from  Ireland  are  of  a 

similar  character. 


COCA. 

According  to  a  report  quoted  in  the  Pharma- 
ceutical "Journal,  Coca  (Erythroxylon  Coca),  the  leaves 
of  which  are  used  as  a  stimulant,  and  also  for  their 
ansesthetic  effects  on  mucous  membranes,  is  produced 
along  the  whole  length  of  the  Andes,  from  Ecuador 
to  the  Argentine  Republic,  forming  a  valuable  source 
of  revenue. 

The  general  method  of  cultivation  seems  to  be  com- 
mon to  Peru  and  Bolivia.  The  best  Coca  is  said  to 
be  produced  on  hill  sides  which  are  from  3000  to 
6000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  it  is  grown  upon 
terraces  of  various  widths  on  the  sides  of  deep  narrow 
valleys  called  "yungas."  The  seed  is  sown  during 
August  in  beds,  or  boxes  filled  with  earth,  and  by  the 
■  following  June,  when  the  plants  are  8  or  10  inches 
high,  they  are  transplanted  on  the  terraces  about 
3  feet  apart,  in  a  soil  kept  free  from  shade  and  from 
any  other  growths.  By  November  the  first  or  lower 
leaves  are  of  the  deep  olive-green  colour,  which  marks 
maturity.  A  rich  soil  is  needed,  but  fertilisers  are 
not  used,  and,  however  good  the  soil,  it  is  said  to  be 
rather  rapidly  exhausted  by  the  plants,  so  that  a  suc- 
cession of  fresh  plantings  is  kept  up.  The  shrub 
grows  to  the  height  of  from  2  to  6  feet,  but  the  largest 
plants  do  not  yield  the  best  leaves.  Each  bush  yields, 
as  a  rule,  three  crops  a  year,  or  in  exceptional 
localities  four  crops.  The  first  is  called  the  March 
crop,  the  gathering  commencing  in  January.  The 
second  is  the  St.  John  crop,  beginning  in  May,  and 
the  third  is  All  Saints,  collected  in  October,  and  then 
the  shrub  is  completely  stripped  of  leaves.  Moist 
seasons  produce  the  most  delicate  leaves  of  finest 
quality,  and  droughts  are  very  destructive  to  the 
crops  ;  but  as  droughts  in  these  mountains  do  not 
extend  over  very  large  districts,  the  total  crop  is  not 
often  seriously  varied  from  this  cause. 

The  crops  are  gathered  leaf  by  leaf,  chiefly  by 
Indian  women  and  children,  who  stoop  in  front  of 
each  bush,  and  collect  only  the  leaves  which  are 
mature  in  their  aprons.  Minister  Gibbs'  authority 
tells  him  that  the  women  are  careful  not  to  touch  the 
top  of  the  bush,  for,  if  this  be  touched  by  man  or 
animal,  *'  it  withers  and  dries  up."  Men  visit  the 
women  from  time  to  time,  and  lake  the  gathered 
leaves  in  large  sacks  to  an  enclosed  yard,  which  is 
paved  with  smooth  flat  stones  or  slates,  laid  with  very 
close  joints  and  kept  very  clean.  These  pavements 
are  so  situated  as  to  get  the  full  force  of  the  sunshine, 
and  the  first  gathering  of  leaves  is  not  brought  to 
them  until  they  are  very  hot  from  the  sun's  rays.  The 
leaves  are  then  spread  thinly  over  the  hot  pavements, 
and  being  loosely  raked  and  turned  from  time  to 
time,  are  dry  in  from  three  to  four  hours  in  favourable 
weather.  Sometimes,  however,  they  have  to  be  left 
overnight,  and  are  then  liable  to  be  damaged  by  dew. 
No  gathering  is  done  in  very  cloudy  or  damp  weather, 
and  damage  only  occurs  from  changes  during  the 
day  after  the  collection  has  begun. 

When  dry,  the  leaves  are  packed  at  once  by  means 
of  a  rude  wooden  press  in  square  bales  of  coarse  cloth, 
of  a  cesta,  or  about  25  lb.,  each.  Two  of  such  bales 
are  put  together,  under  another  envelope,  generally 
made  from  the  bark  of  the  Banana  tree,  and  such  a 
package,  of  about  50  lb.,  is  called  atambor,  or  drum, 
and  measures  about  11  •.  15  x  17  inches.  When  these 
parcels  have  to  be  sent  across  the  coast  range  of 
mountains  for  exportation  three  are  put  together  in  a 
tarpaulin-covered  package  of  150  lb.,  and  two  of 
such  packages  make  a  load  for  a  mule,  or  other  pack 
animal,  for  this  transportation  of  several  hundred 
miles  through  mountain  passes. 

Coca  is  very  easily  damaged  by  the  combined  effect 
of  heat  and  moisture,  and  is  therefore  always  stored 
in  cool,  dry  warehouses,  and  rarely  handled  or  trans- 
ported in  damp  weather,  or  during  the  rainy  season. 
This  rainy  season  is  from  January  to  April,  and  there- 


fore that  stored  on  the  V7est  side  of  the  coast  range  is 
alone  available  for  export  during  the  rainy  season. 
When  exported  it  is  said  that  it  usually  starts  in  very 
good  condition,  and  will  reach  its  destination  in  the 
same  condition  if  carried  in  a  cool  dry  place.  The 
only  absolute  security  for  it  in  transit  is  therefore  to 
have  it  soldered  up  in  tin  or  zinc. 


SUMRUL. 

Mr.  Ware  has  been  good  enough  to  send  us  a 
flowering  shoot  of  Ferula  Sumbul,  as  umbelliferous 
plant  growing  to  a  height  of  10  feet,  with  very  large 
deltoid  thrice  pinnately  cut  leaves.  The  flowers  are 
small,  polygamous,  yellowish  in  colour,  borne  in  com- 
pound umbels  destitute  of  involucre  and  of  involucel. 
The  fruits  are  sub-globose  and  smooth.  Like  all  the 
taller  Umbellifers  this  is  a  handsome  decorative  plant, 
but  its  chief  interest  consists  in  the  abundance  of 
milky  juice  it  contains  and  the  powerful  aromatic 
bitter  and  musky  principle  by  which  it  is  pervaded. 
A  plant  with  so  potent  juices  would  naturally  be  ex- 
pected to  possess  medicinal  virtues.  Accordingly  we 
find  that  it  has  been  recommended  in  cholera,  and 
with  better  reason  as  a  stimulant  and  antispasmodic 
like  Its  near  allies  Asafoelidaand  Galbanum.  The  odour 
ofthepresentplant,  however,  though  powerfully  musky, 
is  far  more  agreeable  than  that  of  the  plants  just 
named.  The  Sumbul  was  jealously  protected  for  a  time 
by  the  natives  of  Turkestan,  who  were  very  unwilling 
that  the  Russians  should  gain  information  concerning 
it.  Dr.  Lansdell,  in  his  recent  work  on  Russian 
Central  Asia,  mentions  that  M.  Borshtchoff  was 
authorised    to   promise  twenty    half-imperials   for   a 


specimen,  but  the  reward  was  for  some  time  unclaimed. 
By  close-questioning,  however,  he  ascertained  that  it 
grows  in  mountain  valleys  watered  by  overflowing 
rivers,  such  as  the  upper  courses  of  the  Chir-chik  and 
Syrdaria.  Fedchenko  obtained  a  portion  of  the  plant 
and  planted  it  in  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Moscow, 
where  it  blossomed,  thus  rendering  possible  a  detailed 
investigation  of  the  plant,  and  rejoicing  the  heart  of 
the  explorer,  who  said  that  if  the  Bek  of  Maghian 
(the  potentate  who  had  tried  to  prevent  the  Russians 
from  discovering  the  whereabouts  of  the  plant)  '*  chose 
to  go  to  Moscow,  he  might  see  there  in  perfection  the 
plant  he  had  tried  to  keep  so  exclusively  in  his  own 
mountains."  Dr.  Lansdell  speaks  of  the  plant  as 
producing  a  bulb,  but  that  of  course  is  a  technical 
error.  It  was  found  by  Fedchenko  near  Maghian  in 
the  mountains  south-east  of  Samarkand,  at  a  height 
of  3000 — 4000  feet.  It  has  been  described  by  Kauff- 
mann  in  the  Nouveaux  Mcnwires  of  the  Imperial 
Society  of  Natural  Sciences  at  Moscow  (1871),  t.  24, 
25  ;  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
t.  6196,  and  by  others.  The  history  of  the  plant  from 
a  phaimaceutical  point  of  view  is  given  in  FlUckiger 
and  Hanbury's  Pharmaco,i;rofhia  (1874),  p.  279.  The 
large  size  of  the  **  vittas  "  or  canals  containing  the 
milky  juice  in  the  seed-vessels,  is  very  remarkable. 


Scarborough  Floral  and  Horticultural 
Show.  —  The  forthcoming  meeting  of  this  Society 
will  be  held  in  the  grounds  attached  to  St.  Nicholas 
House,  Scarborough,  on  August  5  and  6.  The 
funds  are  not  in  a  prosperous  condition,  so  that 
the  results  of  a  good  attendance  would  be  greatly 
appreciated. 


METROPOLITAN     PARKS     AND 

OPEN   SPACES. 

The  parks,  commons  and  open  spaces  now  under 

the  control  of  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  are, 

according  to  the  annual  report  for  1884,  as  follows  :  — 

Acres. 

Finsbury  Parle ,,5 

.Soiithwark  Park           63 

Gardens  on  the  Victoria,  Albert,  and  Chelsea  Em- 
bankments, and  in  Leicester  Square  . .         . .  14 

Blackheath         og^ 

Hampstead  Heath 240 

Shepherd's  Bush  Common 8 

London  Fields 27 

Hackney  Downs          50 

Well  Street  Common    . .  30 

North  Mill  Field          .'         "  j. 

South  Mill  Field           jS 

Clapton  Common         . .          . .         . .          .  gi/ 

Stoke  Newington  Common jj^ 

Waste  Land  at  D.alston  Lane.  &c i 

Tooting- Beck  Common          ,44 

Tooting-Gravency  Common 63 

Clapham  Common ^jo 

Bostall  Heath "  55 

Pliimstead  Common  ..  ..  ..         ..no 

Shoulder  of  Mutton  Green 4 

Wormwood  Scrubs       . .          . .  ig. 

Eel  Brook  Common '.  „ 

Parson's  Green 3 

Brook  Green      . .          6 

Peckham  Rye 64 

Goose  Green       ,,                      ..                     ..          ..  gj^ 

Nunhead  Green                        ..          ..                     ..  ji^ 

Streatham  Common     . .         . .                                 . .  gg 

Total ,S35ji 

FiNSBURY  Park. 

This  park,  which  is  on  the  northern  outskirts  of  the 
metropolis,  in  the  parish  of  Hornsey,  and  which  de- 
rives its  name  from  the  circumstance  that  it 
was  intended  mainly  for  the  benefit  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  parliamentary  division  of  Finsbury, 
was  opened  to  the  public  in  August,  1869.  It  has 
year  by  year  been  growing  in  attractiveness  and 
popular  favour,  and  the  Board  has  neglected  nothing 
which  could  contribute  to  make  it  a  place  of  health- 
ful recreation  and  intelligent  enjoyment  for  all  classes. 
Its  value  for  these  purposes  continually  increases,  for, 
whereas,  when  it  was  first  laid  out,  there  was  open 
ground  on  every  side  of  it,  the  town  has  of  late  years 
so  extended  that  the  park  is  now  nearly  surrounded 
with  streets  and  houses. 

The  Board  has  for  about  three  years  past  allowed 
music  in  the  park  on  Sundays  during  the  summer 
months,  and  as  the  performances  appear  to  give  satis- 
faction to  the  public,  and  there  has  been  no  complaint 
of  misconduct  or  disturbance  of  any  kind,  there  has 
been  no  reason  for  altering  the  arrangement.  Last 
summer  the  Board  also  allowed  music  to  be  played  in 
the  park  on  one  other  evening  in  each  week.  A  stand 
has  been  erected  for  the  musicians,  and  the  space 
around  it  tar-paved. 

SouTHWARK  Park. 
This  park,  which  when  originally  planned  and  laid 
out  was  to  a  great  extent  surrounded  by  open  ground 
used  for  market  gardening,  is  now  in  the  midst  of  a 
large  population,  and  is  a  much  valued  place  of  resort. 
The  same  care  is  bestowed  upon  it  as  upon  Finsbury 
Park,  although,  owing  to  less  favourable  conditions  and 
surroundings,  it  may  not  present  quite  so  attractive  an 
appearance.  One  feature  which  has  hitherto  been 
wanting,  that  is,  a  sheet  of  ornamental  water,  is  about 
to  be  supplied,  the  Board  having  given  directions  for 
the  formation  of  a  lake  at  a  cost  of  about  7^2500. 
(Seep.  113.) 

Thames  Embankment  Gardens. 

These  are  plots  of  ornamental  ground  of  various 
size,  situated  at  intervals  adjacent  to  the  public 
thoroughfares  along  the  Victoria,  Albert,  and  Chelsea 
Embankments.  They  are  kept  up  with  great  care, 
are  abundantly  supplied  with  flowers  and  plants  at 
the  proper  seasons,  and  most  agreeably  diversify  the 
urban  surroundings. 

Some  open  ground  adjoining  the  northern  abutment 
of  the  Chelsea  Suspension  Bridge  has  this  year  been 
ornamentally  laid  out,  planted,  and  enclosed  with 
wrought-iron  railings,  at  a  cost  of  about  /1400. 

Hackney  Commons. 
As  has  been  stated  in  previous  reports,  the  Board 
has  been  much  impeded  in  its  efforts  to  keep  these 
commons  in  good  condition  by  the  existence  of 
various  rights,  the  assertion  of  which  prevented  the 
Board   from    exercising  complete  control   over    the 


ii8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18 


commons.  It  has  accordingly  been  necessary  to 
obtain  special  statutory  powers  to  purchase  and  extin- 
guish these  rights. 

The  plots  of  waste  ground  in  Dalston  Lane  and 
Lautiston  Road  (formerly  Grove  Street),  which  were 
placed  under  the  Board's  control  by  the  Act  confirm- 
ing the  scheme  relating  to  the  Hackney  Commonc, 
have  been  crnamentally  laid  out  and  enclosed  at  a 
cost  of  about  ;{,"400,  and  handed  over  to  the  Hackney 
District  Board  of  Works,  which  has  accepted  the 
charge  of  them. 

With  a  view  to  avoiding  any  future  question  with 
respect  to  public  meetings  on  the  commons  and  open 
spaces  under  the  Board's  control,  the  Board  has 
ntly  decided  that  upon  a  certain  defined  part  of 


plants  in  the  new  cases,  and  they  are  now  easily 
available  for  reference  purposes.  He  also  had  all 
these  specimens  remounted.  Some  modern  works  are 
urgently  required  (or  the  library,  and  also  some  good 
bookcases  ;  however,  these  cannot  be  purchased  out 
of  the  ordinary  funds  of  the  gardens. 


Outdoor  Department. 
'  to  the  erection  of  the  new  Palm-house  1 


luch 


Ov.  -„  - 

additional   woik   was  created,   and  therefore  several 
contemplated  changes  were  abandoned. 

By  the  end  of  May  the  new  rockwork  before  .alluded 
to  was  completed.  In  planting  it,  only  the  choicest 
plants  from  the  old  rockwork  being  used  ;  these,  with 
about  20CO  plants  from  the  alpine  yaid,  and  the 
hich  were  removed  from  an  unsuitable 


every  common  large  enough  for  the  purpose,  orderly  British  Ferns  which  were  removed  from  an  "■>  "'  ^""'^ 

public  meetings  may  be  held  without  the  necessity  of  position  and  planted  on  .ts  north  side,  leave  but  few 

applying  for  the  consent  of  the  Board.  vacancies  to  be  hl.ed  up. 

Purchase  of  Plants. 


GLASNEVIN. 


The  amount  expended  on  purchase  of  plants  and 
seeds  was  ^200  3-r.  lOi/.,  considerably  less  than  last 
The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  the  report       year's  expenditure  under  this  head,  the  |;e^s°°_'^^'_"S 
of   Mr.    F.    Moore,    Curator   of  the    Royal    Botanic       that    several 


Garden,  Glasnevin,  Dublin,  for  the  year  1SS4  :  — 
Number  of  Visitors. 
It    is   very   satisfactory  considering   the   condition 
much  of  the  garden  was  in,  owing  to  new  works  and 
changes  in  progress  during    1S84,  to  be  able  to  report 
a  small  increase  in  the  number  of  visitors. 


I!i54. 


Total  number  of  visitors      . . 

Weekday  visitors  . . 
Highest  monthly  attendance,  June 

"„       Sunday  .','  June 

„      weekday        ,,  June 


356,914 
256.264 

17.249 


,  Whit  Monday. 


Conservatokies. 
In  the  indoor  department  the  past  has  been  a  year 
of  much  anxiety  and  extra  work,  owing  to  the  large 
number  of  plants  that  had  to  be  moved  about  to  make 
room  for  workmen.  All  the  conservatories  have  been 
numbered  as  follows  :— No.  i.  Tree  Fern-house;  2, 
house  for  aquatic  plants  ;  3,  cool  end,  4,  central  com- 
partment, 5,  stove  end,  curvilinear  range  ;  6,  Orchid- 
house  ;  7,  large  Palm-house  ;  S,  Camellia-house. 

Having  been  informed  that  the  new  Palm-house 
would  be  commenced  early  in  spring,  I  lost  no  time 
in  removing  the  rockwork  in  order  to  leave  space  for 
the  excavation  of  the  foundations,  &c  ,  and  had  a  new 
rockery  erected  in  a  picturesque  situation  with  the 
excavated  material,  as  well  as  extra  stones  and  mate- 
rials supplied  by  the  Board  of  Works,  and  collected 
from  various  places  in  the  garden. 

Messrs.  Boyd  (the  contractors  for  the  vrork)  com- 
menced operations  on  March  19,  and  the  house  was 
sufficiently  completed  for  the  reception  of  the  plants 
by  October  i. 

The  house  is  a  handsome  structure,  100  feet  long 
by  So  broad  ;  it  is  heated  by  ten  rows  of  hot-water 
pipes  round  the  sides,  and  four  round  the  central 
portion  ;  theie  is  also  a  hot-water  pipe  round  the 
springing  of  the  upper  roof,  which  is  of  the  highest 
importance,  as  it  prevents  condensation. 

Light  iron  galleries  run  round  both  on  the  inside  and 
outside  of  the  house.     The  shelves  are  constructed  of 


al  exceptional  items  caused  by  the  new 
works  in  the  gardens  had  to  be  provided  for  out  of 
this  year's  vote  for  incidentals. 

1S34.— .V;(;«&f  of  plants  tiirchasid,  556. 

Indoor  Ferns.  Orchids,  &c Xi57"  ^ 

Seeds,  bulbs,  bedding  plants,  &c 3'  rs  9 

Hardy  plants,  urees  and  shrubs       . .        . .        10  16  5 

Total  ..         ..   .£=00     3  10 

Exchange  of  Plants  and  Seeds. 
Some  changes  having  been  made  in  the  hardy  plant 
arrangements  at  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden  the 
Curator  applied  for  some  plants  from  Glasnevin.  lie 
sent  his  foreman  here  in  March,  and  he  packed  and 
forwarded  to  iWasgow  over  1200  plants. 

Owing  to  this  the  number  of  plants  given  from 
Glasnevin  this  year  is  exceptionally  large.  A  valuable 
donation  of  plants  was  received  from  the  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  and  many  of  the  leading  English 
plant  merchants  were  exceedingly  generous  in  giving 
contributions  of  plants  to  the  various  collections. 
Messrs.  Yeitch,  Backhouse,  and  Low  gave  specially 
valuable  donations  of  indoor  plants,  and  Mr.  Bull 
reduced  to  one  half  the  catalogue  price  the  prices  of 
many  rare  plants  which  would  otherwise  have  been 
too  expensive  to  purchase.  Messrs.  Ware  and  Barr 
&  Son  gave  m.\ny  valuable  hardy  plants.  Herr  Max 
Leichtlin  gave  many  rare  plants  and  seeds,  as  did  the 
directors  of  the  following  botanical  gardens  :— Kew, 
Edinburgh,  Cambridge,  St.  Petersburg,  and  Leiden. 

The  number  of  donations  was  149,  from  102  donors, 
residing  in  the  following  countries  :— Ireland,  39  ; 
England,  29  ;  Scotland,  6  ;  Germany,  n  ;  Italy,  3  ; 
Holland,  3  ;  India,  2  ;  America,  2  ;  Australia,  2  ; 
Switzerland,  i  ;  Denmark,  i  ;  Spain,  i  ;  Ceylon,  i  ; 
Russia,  I. 

1SS4.— Number  of  donations,  149  ;  number  of 
donors,  120.  Plants  received,  1129  ;  plants  dis- 
tributed, 2666.  Seeds  received,  1925  packets  ;  seeds 
distributed,  1467  packets. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Clapp's  Favourite  Pear.— In  reference  to  Mr. 

slate  with  iron  uprights.    The  principal  portion  of  the       Coomber's  remarks  on  p.  19.  while  I  fully  endorse  the 
upright  sashes  are,  how  '  ""       '    "^ 


house  is  of  iron  ;  the  I 
ever,  of  teak  wood. 

I  am  happy  to  say  that,  notwithstanding  the  deli- 
cate nature  of  the  plants,  they  have  by  various 
expedients  been  practically  saved  from  injury.  About 
thirty  large  specimens,  weighing  from  I  to  5  tons, 
were  successfully  removed  to  the  new  house  from  the 
other  houses,  and  about  twenty-six,  including  all  the 
largest  plants  in  the  garden,  were  retubbed. 

Library  and  HerbariUiM. 
This  department  is  now  in  a  fairly  satisfactory  condi- 
tion, but  more  space  is  required.  The  front  room  was 
taken  from  the  ladies'  waiting-rooms,  and  a  new 
entrance  to  the  latter  was  made  in  a  less  conspicuous 
position.  The  Board  of  Works  partially  furnished 
this  room,  and  enough  herbarium  cases  were  pur- 
chased to  hold  the  present  collections,  which  were 
then  removed  from  the  unsuitable  presses  in  which 
they  had  been  stored  away.  By  this  means  space  was 
also  found  for  many  books  which  had  been  stored 
away  unbound,  and  the  library  was  rearranged. 
Dr.    McNab   re-arranged   the   collection   of  dried 


good  opinion  he  entertains  of  Clapp's  Favourite  Pear, 
it  has  not,  as  far  as  I  know,  been  shown  from  here. 
It  has  f  uited  several  times,  and  is  very  handsome,  in 
the  style  of  the  old  Windsor,  and  it  comes  in  between 
Beurre  GilTard  and  Jargonelle,  and  as  it  is  also  a  first- 
rate  grower  we  consider  it  one  of  the  best.  The  Pear 
Mr.  Coomber  refers  to  was  probably  Triomphe  de 
Vienne,  which  we  have  grown  very  large,  and  it  is  a 
most  delicious  variety,  but  owing  to  the  date  of  the 
Kensington  meetings  being  a  month  apart  in  Sep- 
tember, it  was  not  in  condition.  It  is  a  most  beau- 
tiful grower,  and  the  fruit  is  very  large  and  hand- 
some, and  the  tree  is  fertile,  while  the  quality  leaves 
nothing  to  be  desired.  Its  season  here  is  alter  Beurii; 
d'Amanlis,  and  before  Doyenne  Boussoch  and 
Madame  Treyve.  When  it  first  bore  fruit  we  consi- 
dered it  the  best  Pear  of  that  season,  which  was  a 
cold  one.  Our  fruit  was  from  a  pyramid  tree,  upon 
a  cordon  or  wall.  It  would  probably  weigh  over  a 
pound.   Ceorgi  Bnnyard,  Nurseries,  Maidstone. 

I   have   no  experience  of  Clapp's    Favourite 

Pear    under     pot    culture.       Our-of-doors,    on    the 
Quince,    it     was    a    strong     grower,    but    a     very 


meagre  bearer.  It  is  a  nice  quality  fruit,  but  is 
not  nearly  so  tasteful  as  the  Bon  Chretien.  It 
ripens  almost  simultaneously  with  Williams',  and 
keeps  in  condition  about  as  long.  Of  early  Pears 
Beurre  de  I'Assomplion,  and  Souvenir  du  Congrfes, 
txcept  in  warm  situations,  too  frequently  crack,  anii 
the  latter  is  not  a  good  flavoured  Pear.  Among  the 
most  prolific  of  the  early  sorts  are  Jargonelle,  double 
worked  on  the  Quince,  and  Beurie  d'Amanlis, 
Madame  Treyve,  and  Andre  Desportes.  One  of  the 
nicest  Pears  grown,  but  which  must  be  eaten  at  the 
nick  of  lime — for  in  a  day  or  so  after  yellowing  it  is 
mealy  and  decayed  as  to  the  core— is  Nouveau  Poiteau, 
It  is  a  midseason  variety,  large,  and  very  prolific  as 
an  espalier  or  west  wall  tree.    C.  A.  M.  C. 

Apple  Glossy  Reinette. 
There  is  not  anything  known  with  certainty  regard- 
ing the  origin  of  this  Apple,  which  is  otherwise 
called  Borsdorfer  Reinette,  except  that  it  comes  from 
the  Austrian  Tyrol.  The  form  is  regular,  smooth, 
globular,  and  sometimes  pyramidal,  the  greatest 
diameter  being  about  the  middle,  or  towards  the  eye. 
It  is  of  middling  size.  The  eye  is  half-open,  or 
closed  ;  the  eye  (sepals)  long,  pointed,  and  slender  ; 
the  stalk  of  medium  length,  ligneous,  thin,  woolly, 
lying  in  a  deep  russetty  cavity.  The  rind  is  fine, 
smooth,  but  slightly  yielding,  very  shining,  straw- 
yellow  on  the  sunny  side,  marked  sometimes  with 
faint  carmine.  Flesh  white,  fine  in  grain,  rather 
firm,  juicy,  and  with  a  pleasant  flavour.  The  core- 
axis  is  hollow,  sometimes  open  ;  seed  well  developed, 
long,  egg-shaped,  and  dark  brown.  The  fruit  is  ripe 
in  November,  and  continues  good  till  spring  without 
shrivelling.  The  fruit  is  to  be  recommended  for 
culinary  uses.  The  tree  is  a  moderate  grower,  but 
obtains  to  a  large  size,  and  is  easily  distinguished  by 
its  long,  slender  fruiting  shoots.  Gaiten  a.  Bluwen 
Zeilung. 

ALFA    IN    ALGERIA. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  an  interesting 
account  of  the  growth  of  Alfa  (Macrochloa  tenacis- 
sima)  in  Algeria.  The  plant  is  described  as  being 
found  in  calcareous  soil  or  siliceous  clay,  but  not  in 
compact  clay  or  pure  sand,  unless  at  a  short  depth 
below  them  siliceous  clay  is  found,  or  soil  impregnated 
with  sea  salt.  The  thin,  circular  and  shallow  roots 
of  the  plant  require  air  and  a  little  moisture  ;  thus  the 
Alfa  is  never  found  in  the  white  sand  near  the  chotis, 
nor  in  the  depressions  of  compact  soil  scattered  about 
the  high  plateau. 

The  tult  of  Alfa  presents  at  its  base  the  appearance 
of  a  central  axis,  around  which,  at  a  short  distance, 
proceed  horizontal  ramifications  ;  these  then  spring 
up  vertically,  and  produce  bunches  of  flowers, 
sheathed  in  narrow  falling  leaves,  measuring  about 
2.\  feet  at  maturity.  After  the  first  year's  growth 
each  ramification  sends  out  from  its  base  a  shoot 
which  descends  into  the  ground,  producing  a  small 
root ;  then  other  ramifications  are  produced  at  the 
base  of  previous  ones,  and  become  rooted  in  their 
turn.  The  tuft  thus  increases  from  the  centre  to 
the  circumference,  each  addition  being  united  to  the 
central  mass,  but  forming  gr.adually  its  own  roots,  so 
as  to  be  able  to  live  when  the  central  part  dies  and 
disappears.  It  is  only  in  the  third  year  from  the 
sprouting  of  the  ramification  that  the  flower  seems  to 
be  developed. 

If  the  plant  is  allowed  to  grow  unchecked  its 
flowers  and  leaves  vegetate  during  the  spring,  they 
ripen  in  summer,  and  they  commence  to  decompose 
from  the  point  downwards  under  the  action  of  the 
autumnal  rains,  fading  progressively  during  the 
winter.  In  proportion  as  the  sap  of  spring  developes 
new  leaves  those  of  the  previous  year  f.all  over  inert 
and  partly  dried  up  without  becoming  delatched  from 
the  stem,  on  which  they  continue  to  decompose  during 
the  following  years.  After  several  years  the  dead 
leaves  form  a  thick  central  mass  impenetrable  to  the 
shoots  at  their  base  ;  all  around  the  new  leaves 
pierce  this  plume-like  form,  and  the  little  roots  con- 
tinue to  develope  outside  the  circle.  If  the  tuft  is 
burnt  such  of  the  central  shoots  as  have  been  pre- 
served from  the  action  of  the  fire,  being  no  longer 
smothered  by  dead  leaves,  speedily  produce  new 
ones. 

Alfa  grows  abundantly  in  Algeria,  and  a  large 
population,  both  of  Spaniards  and  Aral  is,  is  engaged 
in  collecting  it.  The  workman  generally  twists  round 
his  hand,  ot  round  a  small  stick,  the  upper  partii 


July  25,  1S85  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


119 


the  leaves,  which  he  tears  out  by  a  sudden  jerk  and 
puts  under  his  left  arm  ;  this  he  continues  to  do  till 
he  has  made  a  small  theaf,  which  he  ties  up.  A 
number  of  these  small  sheaves  are  made  into  a  larger 
one,  and  these  are  placed  upright  to  dry. 

To  preserve  this  plant  as  much  as  possible  an  ordi- 
nance of  the  Governor-General  was  published  on 
March  13,  18S4,  prohibiting  the  collection  of  it  duiing 
a  close  period  of  about  four  months  every  year,  vary- 
ing accoiding  to  the  climatic  conditions  of  the  district 
where  it  occurs.  The  best  part  of  this  Alfa  is  exported 
to  Spain,  where  it  is  mixed  with  the  Esparto-grass  of 
that  country  ;  the  ordinary  quality  is  almost  all  sent 
to  England,  for  the  manufacture  of  paper.  Of  late 
the  exportation  has  greatly  diminished,  owing  paitly 
to  the  competition  in  Spain,  Morocco,  and  Tunis, 
but  partly  to  its  excessive  price  and  the  introduction 
of  wood-pulp  in  the  paper  trade. 

The  extent  over  which  Alfa  is  found  in  Algeria  is 
about  1.797,952  hectares,  and  it  is  calculated  that 
upwards  of  8,000,000  quintals  were  collected  during 
the  year  iSSj.  R.  J, 


PLANT-GROWING  AT    BRIDGEN 
PLACE. 

This  place,  the  residence  of  Mis.  Arbuthnot,  is 
r.icely  situated  on  elevated  ground  overlooking  one  of 
those  pretty  slopes  of  which  much  of  the  fertile  county 
of  Kent  is  composed.  It  lies  southwards  from,  and 
about  a  mile  distant  from  Bexley  Heath— one  amongst 
the  ever-increasing  number  of  growing  suburbs  that 
keep  stretching  out  from  London  in  every  direction. 
Gardening  is  successfully  carried  out  here  in  each 
department,  plants  especially  being  well  managed. 
A  pretty  conservatory  attached  to  the  mansion  has 
the  roof  completely  clothed  with  Tacsonias,  the  shoots 
of  which  are  allowed  a  good  deal  of  freedom,  so  as  to 
form  a  graceful  hanging  canopy  over  the  wh  ile.  An 
arrangement  of  this  kind  has  a  charming  effect,  but 
as  a  natural  consequence  most  of  the  plants  rtquired 
to  keep  up  a  display  of  flowers  except  shade  loving 
things  like  Camellias,  have  to  be  grown  else«.here,  on 
account  of  the  limited  amount  of  light  which  ihe  roof 
climbers  admit  to  the  body  of  the  structure.  Through- 
out the  various  other  houses  devoted  to  fruit  and  other 
things,  soft  and  hardwooded  plants  nicely  grown,  in 
considerable  quantities  were  coming  on  to  keep 
up  a  succession.  Achimenes,  so  useful  for  sum- 
mer display,  were  well  in  bloom,  the  plants 
stout,  short  in  the  stems,  and  not  too  much 
crowded  in  the  pots,  as  one  often  sees  them,  and 
through  which  their  flowering  is  of  shorter  duration 
than  where  they  are  allowed  enough  room.  Of 
tuberous  Begonias  there  were  a  number  in  fine  flower. 
Represented  as  this  continuous  blooming  and  useful 
class  of  plants  now  is  by  all  but  endless  variety  in 
forms  and  colours,  they  commend  themselves  to  all 
who  have  to  keep  up  a  display  of  blooms.  Lilium 
auratum  in  various  stages  was  coming  on,  some  in 
flower,  with  others  to  follow.  This  specie?,  and 
others  of  the  now  numerous  lamily  of  Lilies,  have  the 
merit  of  not  only  producing  beautiful  flowers  of  the 
most  varied  character  both  in  form  and  colour,  but 
beyond  this  there  is  the  advantage  attending  their 
cultivation,  that  even  with  a  large  stock  they  require 
comparatively  little  room  under  glass  for  much  of  the 
growing  season,  and  they  can  be  kept  in  winter  in 
places  where  many  things  of  less  decorative  value 
would  not  succeed. 

In  a  span-roofed  house  filled  with  stock  of  various 
kinds  were  some  Tuberoses  just  about  opening  their 
flowers.  These  favourite  plants  are  as  desirable  for 
cutting,  as  they  are  for  general  decorative  use.  Where 
used  in  association  with  dwarfer,  more  compact- 
growing  things,  their  tall,  erect  stems  go  to  relieve 
the  often  otherwise  too  even  surface.  A  roomy  span- 
roofed  stove  contained,  along  with  a  general  assort- 
ment of  flowering  and  fine-leaved  plants,  a  number 
of  large  and  well-managed  specimens,  trained  in  the 
usual  way,  beautifully  in  flower.  These  Mr.  Mitchell, 
the  gardener,  here  grows  well  ;  they  included  Alla- 
manda  Uendersoni,  of  which  there  were  several 
examples  bearing  larger  flowers  than  usual,  and  the 
yellow  colour  deeper  than  it  is  often  seen  ;  A.  gran- 
diflora,  equally  well  flowered.  This  distinct-looking 
species  is  not  easily  matched  when,  as  here,  in  good 
condition.  Dipladenia  profusa  was  full  of  flower. 
This  is  one  of  the  hybrid  varieties  in  the  way  of 
D.  amabilis ;  it  is  a  free  bloomer  and  equally 
free   grower.      A    large    and    well-manged    plant    of 


Anthurium  Scherzerianum  bore  from  thirty  to  forty 
flowers.  Of  Ixoras,  including  the  fine  old  I. 
coccinea,  there  were  several  varieties  coming  into 
bloom.  Amongst  ornamental  foliaged  plants  were 
a  large,  densely-clothed  specimen  of  Croton  Queen 
Victoria,  the  leaves  beautifully  coloured;  C.  Jo- 
hannis,  one  of  the  best  of  the  narrow-leaved 
section,  a  nice  companion  plant  to  the  first- 
named  ;  a  large  example  of  Pandanus  Vtitchii,  Areca 
Baueri,  conspicuous  for  its  fine  arched  leaves  ;  and  a 
healthy  thriving  example  of  Cycas  revoluta.  Of 
Ferns  thereis  a  nice  assortment,  well  gro7.'n.  They 
comprise  several  of  the  best  kinds  of  Adiantum 
and  others  that  can  be  confined  within  moderate 
space,  and  which  it  must  be  confessed  are  more 
generally  useful  than  the  large  tree  species,  which, 
noble  in  appearance  as  they  are,  require  much  space 
to  accommodate  them.  In  another  house,  amongst  a 
variety  of  plants,  was  one  of  the  best  grown  examples 
of  Asparagus  pluniosus  I  have  met  with.  It  was 
trained  bush  fashion  round  a  few  sticks. 

A  moderate  sized  house  is  occupied  by  a  nice  little 
collection  of  Orchids,  which  collectively  are  doing 
well,  having  that  strong  robust  appearance  in  their 
leaves  and  bulbs  that  denotes  their  liking  the  treat- 
ment they  get.  Several  examples  of  Dendrobium 
Wardianum  have  produced  bulbs  4  feet  long  and 
unusually  thick  ;  D.  crassinode,  comparatively  little 
inferior  ;  as  also  D.  thyrsitlorum  and  D.  densiflorum. 
Several  plants  of  Vanda  tricolor  and  V.  suavis,  with 
stems  4  feet  high  furnished  with  leaves  down  to  the 
bottom.  Some  of  these  were  in  flower.  Phalc^^nopsis 
grandiflora,  and  P.  Schilleriana  were  growing  freely. 
In  Aerides  there  are  a  number  of  examples  of  A.  cris- 
pum  in  excellent  condition,  with  every  leaf  perfect 
down  to  the  surface  of  the  pots  ;  a  large  specimen,  in 
beautiful  condition,  of  A.  odoratum  was  carrying  some 
twenty  spikes  of  bloom.  Cattleyas  and  Lcelias  thrive 
equally  well  in  company  with  the  warm  species 
named  Lcelia  purpurata,  L.  crispa,  Cattleya  Triance, 
C.  Mendelii,  C.  speciosissima,  C.  Mossije,  and  others, 
several  of  which  were  in  flower,  are  growing  in  a  way 
that  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired,  as  also  numerous 
representatives  of  other  genera  inc/uding  Cypripedium 
villosum  and  C.  Stonei,  very  strong, 

A  large  number  of  Chrysanthemums  were  coming 
on,  which  from  their  vigorous  appearance  promise  to 
do  good  service  in  the  conservatory  when  their  time 
of  flowering  comes  round. 

Of  fruit,  the  first  crop  of  Grapes  was  about  over  ; 
second  house,  mostly  consisting  of  Black  Hamburgh, 
bearing  a  heavy  crop  of  medium-sized  bunches,  was 
just  in,  with  others  later  to  follow.  In  two  Peach- 
houses,  filled  with  good  trees  in  free  bearing  condition, 
there  were  heavy  crops  of  fine  fruit.  Outside,  Apples 
and  Pears  were  about  an  average.  Mr.  Mitchell 
speaks  highly  of  the  new  Raspberry,  Baumforlh's 
Seedling :  the  fruit  is  good  in  quality,  it  comes  in  early, 
and  is  a  profuse  bearer,    T.  B. 


j4o/vlE     j^0RRE3P0JSD£J^C£. 


Large  Vegetables. — There  are  some  who  delight 
to  "run  down"  certain  flowers  and  vegetables  Le- 
cause  of  their  large  size.  A  short  time  since  I 
noticed  in  your  columns  that  some  one  was  running 
down  Stoic's  Monarch  Rhubarb,  not  because  of  any 
deficiency  in  its  quality  or  productiveness — for  on  bolh 
these  points  it  is  unassailable — but  because  of  the 
imtnense  size  of  its  stalks  and  their  greenish  colour. 
Now,  I  think  the  following  is  incontestible,  certainly 
as  regards  Rhubarb,  if  it  does  not  hold  good  with  all 
other  vegetables  ;  viz.,  that  where  quality  is  satisfac- 
tory, large  size  can  be  no  drawback,  rather  indeed, 
the  reverse,  and  colour  should  be  no  drawback.  It  is 
said  with  regard  to  horses,  that  a  good  horse  cannot 
be  a  bad  colour  :  in  other  words,  if  a  horse  is  good, 
peculiarities  of  colour  in  no  way  detract  from  his  real 
value.  The  same  writer  who  ran  down  the  Rhubarb 
a  week  or  two  later  while  praising  Champion  Scarlet 
Runners  because  of  their  superiority  in  size  over  the 
old  kinds,  had  no  good  word  to  say  for  Laxton'sGirt- 
ford  Giant  Scarlet  Runners,  because  this  kind  pro- 
duces pods  very  much  surpassing  in  size  the  Champion. 
Now,  if  the  Champion  is  the  better  for  being  bigger, 
why  are  not  the  Girtford  Giants  the  best  for  being  the 
biggest  ?  Something  further  was  also  said  about 
the  Girtford  Giants,  however,  and  this  was, 
that    they     do     not     set    their    fruit    freely,    many 


of  their  blossoms  producing  no  fruit.  If  this  should  be 
confirmed  by  further  experience  of  this  new  kind  it 
\i,  of  course,  a  serious  defect.  Quite  possibly,  how- 
ever, the  best  method  of  growing  this  kind  has  not 
yet  been  found.  If,  on  further  trial,  it  is  found  that, 
with  suitable  treatment,  it  is  capable  of  setting  as 
many  pods  as  the  old  common  kind,  and  these  pods 
are  on  an  average  from  two  to  three  times  as  large  as 
the  old  kind,  and  of  equal  quality,  the  correct  infer- 
ence to  draw  will  be  that  this  sort  is  two  to  three 
times  as  good  as  the  old  kind,  less  any  extra  expense 
of  cultivation  that  it  may  be  necessary  to  incur,  to 
bring  about  the  best  results.  Let  it  be  taken  as  a 
general  rule  that  plants  (as  well  as  other  things)  with 
a  great  predominance  of  good  qualities  over  bad,  are 
good,  and  likewise  that  other  plants,  equal  in  all 
other  respects  to  these,  but  larger  in  size,  are  better. 
In  a  Rose,  for  instance,  size  of  bloom,  combined  with 
fragrance,  good  form,  line  shape,  substance  of  petal, 
and  hardiness  of  constitution,  is  a  merit  ;  and  a  Rose 
with  similar  good  qualities,  but  with  even  larger-sized 
blooms,  is  even  more  meritorious.  There  may,  of 
course,  be  exceptions  to  this  rule,  but  that  it  is  a  rule 
few  persons  with  a  reputation  for  common  sense  will 
be  disposed  to  deny.  Let  us  by  all  means  in  our  - 
power  endeavour  to  improve  all  good  "strains  "of 
flowers,  fruits,  vegetables,  &c.,  in  all  their  good 
points,  by  no  means  neglecting  size.  y.  E.  E., 
//ants. 

Pelargonium  Growing  at  Foxhill,  Westwood, 
teeds. — There  used  to  be  a  commendable  sort  of 
pride  which   gardeners   took  in  excelling  in   the  culti- 
vation of  plants  that  required  much  skill   and  atten- 
tion   to  grow    them    up   to   the    best  condition,  and 
which   there  is  reason  for  supposing  is  not  now  so 
prevalent  as  it  once  was.     Amongst   the  plants  that 
were  looked   on  as  a  test  of  the  cultivator's  ability 
were  the  large  flowered  and  the  fancy  kinds  of  Pelar- 
goniums.    At   the  time   when  the  Chiswick  and  the 
Regent's  Park  shows  came  into  existence  considerable 
progress  had  been  made  in  the  raising  of  new  varieties 
of  the  show  and  fancy  kinds  of  these  plants.     Several 
growers  who  took  an  interest  in  this  sort  of  work  set 
about  in  earnest   to  make  still  further  advance  upon 
what    had  already  been   done.      Pelargoniums  then 
became  one   of  the   leading  features  of  the   London 
exhibitions.     Exhibitors  were  encouraged  by  the  offer 
of  liberal  prizes  to  aim  at  a  higher  standard  of  cultiva- 
tion than  had  up  to  the  time  prevailed.     With  these, 
as  with  most  other  things  subject  to  pot  cultivation, 
the  old  course  of  culture  had  oftener  than  otherwise 
done  little    more   than   keep   the    plants   alive   in   a 
neglected,  miserable-looking  state,  consisting,  as  they 
usually  did,  of  a  few  tall,  straggling  shoots,  the  result 
of  their  being  crowded  together  as  close  almost  as  the 
pots  would  stand  in  dark,    unsuitable   houses,    their 
condition  still  further  affected  by  being  kept  much 
too  far  from   the  glass.     A  study  of  the  habits  and 
requirements  of  the  various  kinds  of  plants  taken  in 
hand  with  close  attention  to  their  wants  soon  resulted 
in  the  production   of  specimens  that  attained   a  size 
and   vigour,   combined   with  a  disposition    to  flower 
profusely,  such  as  had  not  before  been  looked  on  as 
possible,  equalling,  or  in  many  cases  exceeding  that 
which  the   plants  attained  in  their  native  countries. 
The   increased    vigour  of  growth  and    extraordinary 
development    in    the   size  of   the    flowers  with   their 
matchless  combination  of  colours  made  these  hybrid 
Pelargoniums  favourites  with  plant  growers  and  with 
the  public,    the  outcome    of   which  was   the  all  but 
unequalled  banks  of  soft  and  brilliant  colours  which 
an  assembl.-ige  of  these  plants  when    well  managed 
present.      Gaines,     Parker,    Staines,    Cock,    Foster, 
Nye,    Fraser,    Dobson,    Wiggins,  James,    and   Ward 
were    the    chief    growers,    the     last    named     when 
gardener    to     Mr.    Wilkins    of     Leyton,    for    some 
years  exhibited  plants  which  for  size  and  excellence 
of  cultivation   were  quite  equal   to    the  magnificent 
examples  shown  by  Messrs.  Turner  and  Bailey,  when  at 
their  best.     The  cultivation  of  Pelargoniums  in  the 
way  that   they  used  annually   to  be  brought  to   the 
London  exhibitions  by  the  growers  named,  appears  to 
have  moved  northwards,  especially  to  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire  ;  in  the  former  county,  Rylance,  of  Orms- 
kir'^,  near  Liverpool,  for  a  long  series  of  years   has 
shown  quantities  of  large,   finely  grown   plants.     In 
Yorkshire,  May,  of  Bedale,   Edwards,   Sieward,  and 
Lazenby,  of  York,  and  last,  but  not  least,  Mr.  East- 
wood, gardener  to  the  late   F.    \I.   Tetly,  Esq.,  at 
Westwood,  still  at  the  same  place  with  Mrs.  Tetley, 
took  up  the  cultivation   of  these  splendid  flowering 


I20 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  1885. 


plants  which  have  gradually  been  on  the  wane  in  the 
metropolitan  district  until  those  now  forthcoming  do 
little  more  than  serve  as  reminders  of  times  past  to  old 
frequenters  of  the  London  shows  who  still  attend 
these  gatherings.  The  effect  produced  in  the  tents 
devoted  to  Pelargoniums  at  the  York  and 
the  Leeds  shows  is  well  known  by  those 
who  have  been  in  the  habit  of  attending  the  exhibi- 
tions at  these  places.  The  immense  number  of 
these  plants  that  are  yearly  brought  into  competition 
at  the  above-named  shows  differ  in  no  way  from  those 
that  used  to  be  present  at  the  metropolitan  displays, 
except  that  the  specimens  are  not  usually  quite  so 
large  as  the  largest  that  used  to  be  shown  in  London. 
Mr.  Eastwood's  exhibiting  has  been  confined  to  the 
York  and  Leeds  shows  ;  during  the  twenty-five  years 
he  has  competed  he  has  held  the  prominent  position 
of  leading  prize-taker,  frequently  scoring  1st  in  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  numerous  classes  devoted  to  Pelar- 
goniums, both  open  and  those  confined  to  amateurs, 
and  this,  moreover,  with  the  competition  ol  the 
keenest  description.  During  the  last  twenty  years  he 
has  taken  130  1st,  seventy  2d,  and  thirty  3d  prizes  for 
Pelargoniums.  With  pot  Roses  Mr.  Eastwood  has 
also  been  very  successful,  having  won  with  them  fifty 
1st,  thirty  2d,  and  twenty-five  3d  prizes.  It  often 
happens  that  those  who  see  the  various  plants  shown 
by  the  leading  exhibitors  of  the  present  day,  and  still 
more  so  of  the  past,  but  who  have  no  further  acquaint- 
ance with  them,  are  under  the  impression  that  those 
who  grow  them  have  every  convenience  in  the  shape 
of  houses  especially  constructed  for  their  cul- 
tivation, than  which  frequently  nothing  could  be 
further  from  the  fact.  The  West  wood  Pelargoniums 
and  Roses  are  a  case  in  point.  There  is  not  a  single 
house  on  the  place  devoted  to  plants.  The  whole 
of  the  Roses  and  the  large  collection  of  Pelargoniums 
are  grown  in  vineries  and  Peach-houses,  of  which 
there  are  six  of  the  former  and  four  of  the  latter. 
They  are  all  span-roofed  structures,  not  very  wide, 
with  steep  pitched  roofs.  For  the  greater  part  of  the 
year  the  Pelargoniums  occupy  a  wide  shelf  under  the 
ridge  immediately  over  the  central  path  that  runs 
the  entire  length  of  the  houses.  It  is  sometimes 
supposed  that  if  gardeners  are  allowed  to  exhibit  the 
plants  or  whatever  they  show  will  absorb  attention 
to  an  extent  that  will  cause  other  things  to  be 
neglected.  Where  the  gardener  is  made  of  the  right 
material  there  is  no  danger  of  this  occurring,  as  he 
will  naturally  exert  himself  to  the  utmost,  and  in  a 
way  that  would  not  be  likely  to  occur  were  he  not 
allowed  the  privilege  of  showing.  The  garden  at 
Fox  Hill  collectively,  both  inside  and  out,  gives 
evidence  of  this  view  being  correct  ;  everything  in 
addition  to  the  exhibition  plants  being  well  managed, 
with  an  air  of  order  and  cleanliness  about  the  place 
that  shows  there  are  no  shortcomings.   T.  B, 

Lilium  Kraraeri.— When  this  beautiful  Japanese 
Lily  was  first  introduced  and  for  some  time  afterwards, 
it  was  single  flowered.  I  ventured  to  predict  that  it 
would  grow  into  having  several  flowers.  We  have 
bloomed  it  with  five  flowers  to  the  stem,  and  I  lately 
saw  at  my  friend,  Mr.  Mcintosh's,  at  Oatlands,  a 
magnificent  specimen  growing  in  a  Rhododendron 
bed.  It  was  more  then  6  feet  high,  and  had 
eight  fine  flowers.  I  fancy  this  Lily  does  not  like 
cold  situations.  A  friend,  a  first-rate  grower  of  many 
Lilies,  tells  me  it  will  not  thrive  in  his  cold  garden. 
With  us  at  Oakwood,  it  grows  well  in  several  soils 
and  situations,  but  I  think  it  prefers  shade  and  shelter. 
L.  californicum,  which  grows  in  an  orchard-house, 
was  for  many  years  a  single-flowered  Lily,  is  now 
blooming  in  the  wood  garden  with  as  many  flowers 
as  the  ordinary  L.  pardalinum,   George  F.  IVilson. 

Passion-flowers.— Noticing  Dr.  Masters' remarks 
on  the  infertility  of  Passion-flowers  with  their  own 
pollen  in  a  recent  number,  I  am  able  to  state,  on  the 
contrary,  that  hundreds  of  plants  have  been  raised  by 
Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.'s  propagator  recently 
from  seeds  saved  from  a  plant  which  covers  the  side 
of  an  old  cottage  in  their  neigbourhood.  There  is  no 
other  plant  to  my  knowledge  in  the  locality,  and  this 
one  I  planted,  when  quite  small,  some  seven  or  eight 
years  ago,  but  it  has  grown  wonderfully,  and  was 
blooming  finely  when  I  passed  that  way  a  short  time 
since.  W.  Napfcr,  Alfhinoton  Cress.  [This  is  a  very 
interesting  exception  to  the  rule  laid  down  by  Darwin 
and  others.  Are  the  flowers  fertilised  by  their  own 
pollen,  or  by  that  of  some  other  flower  on  the  same 
plant?  Ed.] 


Tomato  Ne  Plus  Ultra. — I  was  recommended 
to  try  this  kind  by  Mr.  Garnett,  of  Bystock  Gardens, 
Exmouth.  I  did  so,  and  found  it  to  merit  all  the 
good  qualities  attributed  to  it.  It  is  rather  a  strong 
grower,  yet  short  jointed,  and  of  a  free-bearing  habit. 
The  fruit,  which  hangs  in  long  clusters,  is  large  and 
smooth,  and  of  the  best  flavour.  T.  G.,  Cavendish 
Gardens,  S.W.,  July,  20. 

How  to  Preserve  Rose  Blooms. — Your  corre- 
spondent, W.  Comfort,  (p.  gi)  will  be  able  to  make 
a  very  good  pot  pourri  if  he  will  proceed  according  to 
the  directions  given  below,  and  the  scent  will  last  for 
three  or  four  years.  Mix  \  lb.  of  common  salt,  a 
i  lb.  of  saltpetre,  \  oz.  of  storax,  six  cloves,  a 
handful  of  well  dried  heads  of  Lavender  flowers  and  a 
handful  of  dried  Bay  leaves.  Then  add  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  Rose  leaves  which  have  been  gathered 
on  a  dry  day,  and  partially  dried  on  newspapers  in 
the  sun.  Stir  all  up  well  occasionally,  and  add,  if 
you  like,  the  petals  of  other  fragrant  flowers.  Some 
put  a  few  Sandal-wood  chips  and  Cinnamon,  others 
like  Orris  root  and  Musk,  but  I  think  the  last  spoils 
all  the  rest.   Htlen  Watney,  Wimbledon. 

Diseased  Chrysanthemums. — The  pieces  of 
Chrysanthemums  which  I  send  you  are  infested  with 
some  disease,  and  I  should  be  greatly  obliged  if,  in  the 
pages  of  the  Gardener^  Chronicle,  you  could  tell  me 
what  disease  it  is.  I  have  lost  two  dozen  plants  by 
this  disease,  some  of  them  being  attacked  close  to  the 
ground,  and  others  about  2  feet  above  it.  Small, 
black,  globular  bodies  roll  out  of  the  stems  as  you  will 
see,  some  of  them  being  found  in  the  centre  of  the 
stems,  whilst  others  appear  just  under  the  bark.  It  is 
a  disease  which  I  have  never  seen  before  in  Chrysan- 
themums. E.  E.  Perry.  [The  examples  of  diseased 
Chrysanthemums  sent  by  "  E.  E.  P."  are  identified 
with  the  diseased  Potato  stems  described  by  me  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  August  20,  1S80. 
Readers  interested  in  the  subject  can  refer  to  that 
article.  The  Chrysanthemum  stems  sent  are  reduced 
to  a  state  of  tinder.  On  cutting,  or  pulling  them  in 
two  longitudinally,  they  are  found  to  be  infested  with 
fungus  spawn,  or  mycelium  mixed  with  dust,  the 
remains  ol  the  perished  pith.  Id  the  centre  of  each 
stem  numerous  black  bodies  are  ensconced  :  their 
bodies  look  exactly  like  the  dung  of  mice  :  some  of 
them  are  embedded  iq.the  bark.  The  black  growths 
are  the  sclerotia  of  botanists,  compacted  masses  of 
fungus  spawn  in  a  hard  resting  condition.  These 
black  bodies  will  rest  in  a  living  state  in  the  old 
Chrysanthemum  material  till  next  spring  ;  they  will 
then  germinate,  and  probably  produce  a  fungus 
named  either  Peziza  ciborioides,  P.  postuma,  P.  scle- 
rotiacea,  or  P.  sclerotiorum.  These  fungi  are  pro- 
bably all  mere  forms  of  one  species,  any  slight 
diff^erences  being  merely  in  the  imagination  of  the 
describers.  The  fungus  before  us  seems  to  be  the 
same  with  the  sclerotium  which  causes  the  so-called 
Peziza  disease  of  Potatos — a  disease  which  of  late 
has  wrought  such  destruction,  year  after  year,  in 
Ireland.  The  only  way  to  lessen  its  ravages  is  to  at 
once  destroy  with  fire  all  infected  material,  for  every 
black  body  which  falls  to  the  ground  now  will  pro- 
duce two  or  three  millions  of  spores  next  spring, 
and  each  spore,  under  favourable  circumstances,  will 
be  able  to  invade  next  season's  Chrysanthemum 
plants.   W.  G.  S.\ 

Variations  in  Potato  Bloom. — I  have  carefully 
examined  all  the  bloom  on  diverse  kinds  of  Potatos 
here,  ana  failed  to  find  one  showing  any  diversity  or 
variation  from  the  normal  form  of  the  sheath  or  calyx, 
and  in  every  case  the  pointed  lobes  are  prominent. 
The  particular  kind  which  shows  rounded  or  obtuse 
lobes  must,  I  think,  be  from  some  distinct  species  to 
that  commonly  grown  in  gardens.  Whilst  in  the 
common  varieties  of  the  Potato  we  see  little  diversity 
in  form  or  size  of  bloom,  there  is  prominent  distinc- 
tion often  found  in  colour  and  expansion  as  in  the 
latter  case  some  corollas  almost  reflex,  in  others  they 
are  half  closed.  Looking  over  the  illustrations  of 
species  of  Solanum  found  in  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker's  inte- 
resting review  of  tuber-bearing  species,  as  read  before 
the  Linnean  Society  in  January,  1S84,  I  find,  curiously 
enough,  that  (he  calyx  segments  of  the  flowers  of  S. 
tuberosum  are  far  more  rounded  or  obtuse  than  are 
those  of  any  other  species,  whilst  those  on  flowers  of 
S.  Jamesii  are  the  narrowest,  or  most  pointed.  As 
the  calyx  segments  of  almost  if  not  all  flowers  borne 
by  garden  varieties  of  Potatos  are  found  to  be  long. 


lance-shaped,  or  pointed,  it  is  worth  consideration 
whether  S.  Jamesii,  or  perhaps  the  species  which  has 
the  next  most  pointed  calyx  segments,  S.  Maglia,  may 
have  some  parental  connection  of  perhaps  ancient 
date  with  our  present  edible  kinds.  The  subject 
opens  up  an  interesting  field  of  inquiry  for  the  botanist, 
A.  D.,  Bed  font. 

The  Pruning  of  Orchids. —No  one  seems  to 
contradict  Mr.  N.  Blandford's  notes  on  Orchid 
pruning  with  regard  to  Laelia  anceps,  on  p.  41  of 
July  II  issue.  I  do  not  wish  to  do  so  either,  but  I 
want  to  lay  before  your  readers  a  question  arising  out 
of  the  note  mentioned,  and  more  especially  to  ask 
Mr.  Blandford  himself,  as  follows  : — Is  cutting  away 
old,  worn  out,  leafless  bulbs  of  a  Cattleya  or  Lselia 
pruning  as  used  and  performed  on  Dendrobiums  by 
some  growers?  To  my  mind,  Mr.  Blandford's  prun- 
ing is  merely  taking  away  an  old  bulb  which  has  lost 
its  leaf.  The  leaf  probably  died  naturally,  the  bulb 
would  follow,  and  when  discoloured  any  one  would 
take  it  away.  To  use  his  own  words,  "  as  a  matter 
of  course  the  old  back  growths  lost  their  foliage  as 
time  passed  away,"  in  other  words,  they  lost 
their  natural  functions,  for  years  had  exhausted  their 
system — they  died,  and  he  removed  them.  I  think 
Mr.  Blandford  cannot  claim  these  facts  to  establish 
the  superiority  ol  pruning,  for  really  it  is  not  pruning, 
but  only  the  ordinary  work  of  cultivation,  He  says 
lower  down  (in  the  second  paragraph)  "  pruning  as  I 
have  it  is  not  injurious,"  and  thereby  hardly  ranges 
himself  under  the  hard  pruners,  though  he  considers 
he  is  a  pruner.   De  B.  Crawshay,  July  21. 

Choice  Zonal  Pelargoniums. — One  of  the 
features  of  the  Manchester  Whitsun  show  was  a  stand 
of  Chilwell-raised  zonal  Pelargoniums  produced  by 
Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson  &  Son.  There  were  several 
boxes  of  bunches  of  massive  flowers,  remarkable  alike 
for  their  size,  substance,  form,  and  rich  and  varied 
colours.  Not  long  since  an  inquiry  was  made — 
Which  are  the  best  of  Pearson's  zonal  Pelargoniums?  A 
selection  of  flowers  made  at  Manchester,  and  for  their 
obviously  excellent  character,  enables  one  to  answer 
this  question.  As  a  matter  of  course,  the  flowers  had 
been  produced  under  glass,  but  they  were  so  fine  as 
to  suggest  the  admirable  material  at  the  command  of 
gardeners  for  making  their  greenhouses,  say,  during 
the  spring  and  early  summer  months,  while  it  is  a 
great  advantage  to  have — the  Messrs.  Pearson  have, 
and  as  Mr.  Cannell  has — houses  well  adapted  for  the 
purpose  of  growing  zonal  Pelargoniums  in  the  best 
character,  yet  a  command  of  heat  enables  gardeners  to 
do  a  great  deal  more  than  some  of  them  appear  to  be 
able  to  perform  in  the  way  of  producing  zonal  Pelar- 
gonmms  in  good  character  early  in  the  season.  The 
selection  of  Pearson's  varieties  consists  of  Mary  Cas- 
well, white,  flushed  with  pink  ;  Lady  Chesterfield, 
salmon,  suffused  with  orange,  very  fine';  Lord  Chester- 
field, bright  magenta  ;  Plutarch,  bright  scarlet,  with 
bold  white  eye ;  Ajax,  rich  vermilion  ;  Caroline, 
glowing  crimson-scarlet,  white  eye  ;  Cselia,  rose, 
shaded  with  magenta  ;  C.  H.  Swinstead,  vermilion  ; 
Dr.  Orton,  dark  crimson,  old,  but  still  very  good  ; 
Eurydice,  lilac-pink,  white  eye,  very  pretty  ;  Her- 
minius,  scarlet,  shaded  with  purple  ;  James  Douglas, 
rich  dark  crimson  ;  Lucy  Mason,  salmon,  suffused 
with  orange  ;  Miranda,  scarlet  and  magenta  ;  Mr. 
Holford,  salmon  ;  Mrs.  Miller,  dark  crimson  ;  Nelly 
Thomas,  crimson  ;  Nerissa,  salmon-scarlet  ;  Othello, 
dark  scarlet,  white  eye  ;  Raphael,  scarlet,  shaded 
with  rose  and  magenta  ;  Ruby,  rosy-scarlet,  white 
eye ;  Tristram,  crimson-scarlet,  while  eye  ;  Viola, 
magenta,  with  dashes  of  red,  white  eye  ;  and  Zeno, 
scarlet,  shaded  with  magenta.  Add  to  these  Queen 
of  the  Belgians,  white,  and  there  is  as  perfect  ft 
selection  as  one  can  well  desire  to  have.  i?.  D. 

Peaches  Eightpence  Each. — I  would  like  to 
ask  any  reader  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  if  he  ever 
remembers  an  almost  useless  Peach  to  sell  for  8</., 
when  the  price  in  the  market  was  from  2s.  to  &s.  per 
dozen.  On  July  15  I  sent  thirty  Peaches  to  Covent 
Garden  Market,  the  consignment  arriving  there  on 
the  next  day.  The  salesman  was  so  kind  as  to 
inlorm  my  employer  by  letter  that  the  Peaches  arrived 
in  an  almost  useless  condition,  and  that  he  would 
sell  them  at  only  Sj.  per  dozen,  mentioning  that  had 
they  arrived  in  good  condition  they  would  doubtless 
have  made  double  that  price.  Of  course  I  do  not  know 
what  mav  be  the  opinion  of  the  readers  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle,  but   I  should  say  that  a  man  who 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


121 


gave  \s.  a,d.  each  for  Peaches  in  the  middle  of  July 
would  have  more  money  than  wit.  Fair  Play, 

Phormium  tenax  variegata. — A  plant  of  rhor- 
mium  tenax  variegatum  was  planted  in  the  garden 
of  Robert  V.  Wilkins,  E-q.,  Biookhill,  Kingswear, 
South  Devon,  in  the  spring  of  iSSi.  It  has  grown 
to  a  fine  mass,  and  this  year  for  the  first  lime  is  flower- 
ing three  spikes  upwards  of  12  feet  high.  Is  il  usual 
for  it  to  flower  outdoors?  [It  is  in  flower  out-of-doors 
at  Kew.]  This  plant  has  had  no  protection.  Phor- 
mium tenax  also  flowers  with  us  this  year.  H.  Allen, 

Exhibiting  Orchids.— I  would  like  to  offer  a  few 
supplementary  remarks  10  Mr.  Douglas'  letter  on 
p.  85,  July  18.  He  says  it  is  doubtful  if  a  class  for 
fifty  Orchids  would  bring  the  best  growers  to  the  front. 
I  think  it  is  certain  it  would  not,  for  the  class  for 
twenty-five  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Orchid 
Show  only  brought  one  competitor.  Surely  no  greater 
confirmation  is  wanted  that  the  class  for  fifty  Orchids 
as  mentioned  on  p.  16  (in  reply  to  which  leading  article 
Mr.  Douglas  writes)  would  be  useless.  While  hereon, 
I  would  state  that  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Botanic 
Society  this  year  made  an  error  in  offering  prizes  of  a 
higher  value  to  made-up  plants  than  to  bouA  fide 
specimens.  The  object  of  a  society  (especially  should 
it  be  a  "  Botanic  "  one),  is  to  further  and  reward  good 
culture.  This  was  overlooked  this  year,  and  the 
massing  of  small  plants  in  a  big  pot  for  the  occasion 
was  bid  for,  though,  strange  to  say,  the  1st  prize  made-up 
lot  was  not  an  all  made-up  lot,  as  Mr.  Douglas  can 
tell.  If  the  man  who  grows  a  small  plant  into  a  big 
one  is  to  be  paid  worse  than  he  who  buys  a  lot  and 
pots  them  up  together  for  a  year  (or  a  week  perhaps), 
I  maintain  that  Society  is  overlooking  its  main  object 
and  had  better  not  do  so  for  its  own  as  well  as  the 
exhibitors'  interests.  De  B,  Cra-ashay, 

Texture  of  Soils. — Everyday  experience  points 
to  the  fact  that  in  the  matter  of  soils  successful  culti- 
vation depends  not  alone  on  the  land  containing  the 
requisite  food  elements  to  supply  the  wants  of  the 
plants  grown  thereon,  but  also  to  the  texture  of  the 
soil  being  such  as  to  favour  the  production  of  roots, 
and  admit  of  their  penetrating  freely  through  it  in 
search  of  the  elements  therein  present.  It  is  generally 
found  that  the  progress  made  by  a  plant  is  re- 
gulated by  the  greater  or  less  quantity  of  roots  it 
possesses,  particularly  the  small  feeding  fibres  with 
their  absorbing  extremities,  which  where  the  condi- 
tions of  the  soil  are  favourable  will  usually  be  found 
ramifying  in  all  directions,  acting  the  part  of  foragers 
to  supply  the  army  of  shoots  and  leaves  above- 
ground  with  the  water  requisite  to  keep  up  a 
healthy  existence.  Nature  does  not  work  in  vain, 
and  few,  if  any,  of  her  children  make  greater 
efforts  to  adapt  themselves  to  circumstances  than  do 
plants,  and  where  the  texture  of  the  soil  happens  to 
be  too  close  to  admit  of  the  feeding  rootlets  entering 
in  their  wonted  fashion,  their  ramification  is  cor- 
respondingly reduced,  the  result  of  which  is,  that  the 
progress  made  by  the  plants  to  which  they  belong  is 
so  much  slower.  In  the  case  of  some  plants,  such, 
for  instance,  as  are  of  an  enduring  nature  requiring  a 
long  period  to  reach  maturity,  the  slower  growth 
may  be  no  disadvantage,  possibly  the  reverse ;  but  with 
most  things,  particularly  those  that  are  of  an  annual 
duration,  like  the  majority  of  kitchen  garden  crops, 
slow  impeded  growth,  such  as  instanced,  is  much 
loss — loss  from  a  twofold  point  of  view,  in  quality  as 
well  as  in  quantity,  for  it  goes  without  saying  that 
vegetables  in  any  way  checked  or  retarded  in  growth, 
are  never  equal  to  such  as  have  been  grown  under 
conditions  favourable  to  their  quick  and  free  de- 
velopment. Cultivation,  by  which  the  land  is  periodi- 
cally stirred  to  a  depth  commensurate  wiih  that  to 
which  the  roots  of  the  plants  to  be  grown  naturally 
descend,  aided  by  the  drying  influences  of  sun  and  air, 
and  the  disintegrating  action  of  frost,  effict  a  good  deal 
in  the  way  of  pulverising  and  breaking  up  close  adhe- 
sive soils,  still,  where  there  is  naturally  an  absence, 
or  all  but  absence,  of  sand  in  the  soil,  the  (ffecls  of 
digging  and  trenching,  helped  by  the  weather  influ- 
ences, do  not  effect  the  permanent  loosening  of  the 
soil  in  a  way  that  befts  it  for  the  full  production  and 
extension  of  roots,  as  even  in  the  short  space  of  a  few 
months  the  naturally  adhesive  natuie  of  the  land  is 
such  that  in  garden  phraseology  it  goes  together 
again  to  an  extent  that  seriously  impedes  root  pro- 
gress. Additions  in  the  shape  of  manure  or  vegetable 
matter  dug  in  have  an  influence  for  a  time  in  keeping 


heavy  soils  of  a  clay-like  nature  more  open,  but  as 
this  kind  of  matter  decays  it  leaves  little  impres- 
sion of  a  lasting  character  on  the  close  com- 
pact mass  with  which  it  has  been  incorporated. 
Nothing  short  of  the  addition  of  some  matter  that 
will  mix  with  the  soil,  but  that  will  not  decompose, 
will  suffice,  otherwise  no  more  than  a  temporary  in- 
fluence will  be  effected.  Sand,  the  material  that  where 
naturally  present  in  the  soil  keeps  it  permanently  in  a 
condition  suited  to  the  free  action  of  roots,  is  the 
commodity  that  would  present  itself  as  the  most  suit- 
able for  adding  to  heavy  retentive  soils,  such  as  many 
kitchen  gardens  are  composed^of,  and  to  these  my 
remarks  mostly  apply  ;  but  unfortunately  in  localities 
where  the  land  is  of  the  most  stubborn  clayey  nature 
there  often  happens  to  be  a  total  absence  of  this 
material  within  a  distance  that  admits  of  its  being 
used  in  quantities  sufficient  to  fully  remedy  the  evil, 
and,  beyond  this,  it  is  generally  found  that  where 
sand  is  applied  with  this  object  to  land  that  is  annually 
dug  it  gradually  gets  washed  low  down  so  as  to 
get  below  the  point  where  most  wanted. 
But  there  is  another  and  a  lasting  remedy  whereby 
land  of  the  description  under  notice  can  be  brought  to 
a  light  condition,  and  which  moreover  in  most  cases 
offers  the  advantage  of  the  material  being  on  the  spot 
in  the  shape  of  clay,  which  simply  needs  burning  to 
bring  it  to  a  state  that  will  correct  the  evil  in  a  way 
that  nothing  else  will,  as  from  the  time  it  is  dug  into 
the  land  no  perceptible  disentegration  takes  place, 
and  through  the  fact  of  its  being  lighter  than  the  soil 
with  which  it  is  incorporated,  it  does  not  descend. 
In  gardens  where  ihe  land  is  of  a  heavy  clay  nature, 
the  soil  is  usually  insuflicent  in  depth,  and  here 
another  advantage  presents  itself  by  bringing  up  S  or 
10  inches  of  that  which  lies  next  below  that  which 
the  spade  has  hitherto  stirred,  burning,  and  then 
working  it  in  with  that  which  has  previously  been  at 
the  top.  The  staple  is  so  much  deepened,  and  the 
whole  brought  to  a  condition  that  befits  it  for  the 
free  unchecked  extension  of  the  roots  of  the  different 
crops  to  be  grown  on  it,  with  the  further 
gain  that  the  temperature  of  the  soil  is  increased  by 
the  quicker  passage  of  superfluous  water  from  it  con- 
sequent on  its  more  open  condition.  Clay,  or,  as  it  is 
more  generally  termed,  ballast- burning  is  often  looked 
upon  as  a  formidable  operation  by  those  who  reside 
in  localities  where  little  or  none  of  such  work  is 
carried  out ;  yet  it  is  neither  difficult  nor  expensive, 
even  in  places  where  fuel  may  be  dear.  Work  such 
as  here  described  can  be  done  at  little  if  any  more 
cost  per  acre  than  the  market  gardeners  often  spend 
on  a  single  application  of  manure,  with  this  differ- 
ence, that  where  the  land  is  too  adhesive  in  nature  for 
the  roots  of  plants  to  act  in  it  as  they  should,  one 
may  go  on  indefinitely  applying  manure  to  it,  which, 
under  the  conditions  will  never  be  more  than  half 
effective  from  any  point  of  view,  whereas  the  ballast 
remedy  will  be  complete  and  lasting  in  its  influence. 
It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  cost  of  the 
work  will  in  future  years  be  quite  covered  by 
the  saving  in  labour  effected  through  the  much 
greater  ease  with  which  digging,  hoeing,  and 
other  operations  will  be  carried  out  through  the 
freer  condition  of  the  soil,  with  the  additional  advan- 
tage that  it  will  admit  of  being  worked  in  weather 
that  would  preclude  the  possibility  of  its  being  stirred 
if  in  its  original  state.  The  winter  season,  when  the 
crops  in  kitchen  gardens  are  cleared  off,  affords  an 
opportunity  for  this  kind  of  work  being  done  that 
does  not  occur  at  other  times.  To  those  who  have 
not  had  any  experience  with  this  material  it  may  be 
well  to  slate  that  the  finer  condition  to  which  it  is 
reduced  before  being  dug  in  the  more  effective  it  will 
be.  The  nature  of  the  clay  has  much  to  do  with  the 
state  of  the  material  after  it  has  undergone  the  pro- 
cess of  burning  as  to  its  being  fine.  Coal-ashes, 
against  the  use  of  which  intermixed  with  the  soil 
there  is  often  a  prejudice,  is  fairly  effective  in  its 
lightening  influences  on  heavy  land  ;  but  it  is  only  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  large  towns  that  it  is  obtain- 
able in  any  considerable  quantity,  and  it  is  not  so 
good  as  the  burnt  clay.    7'.  B, 

Dendrobium  nobile  var.  Cooksonianum. — 
At  a  meeting  of  ihe  Floral  Committee  at  South  Ken- 
sington on  March  to  I  showed  a  plant  under  the 
name  of  Dendrobium  nobilissimum,  and  about  the 
same  time  I  sent  a  flower  to  Professor  Reichenbach 
telling  him  the  name  I  had  shown  it  under,  and  its 
history,  as  far  as  I  knew,  but  not  mentioning  the 
source  from  which  I  obtained  it,     I  have  since  been 


informed,  and  believe  to  be  correct,  that  naming  il 
Dendrobium  nobilissimum  was  incorrect,  inasmuch 
as  the  generic  [specific]  name  should  have  been 
retained.  The  Professor  sent  back  a  notice,  naming 
it  I)endrobiuni  nobile  Cooksonianum,  and  this  notice 
appeared  in  your  issue  of  May  30  last.  My  slock  of 
plants  originated  from  two  I  obtained  in  exchange 
from  Mr.  T.  Lange,  of  Heathfield  Lodge,  Gateshead- 
on-Tyne  in  April,  1SS3.  The  original  plant  having 
appeared  about  five  years  previously  in  hisgarden,  which 
has  been  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Andrew  Melhvea 
for  ten  years,  and  it  is  by  his  care  and  attention  that 
it  has  been  increased,  till  both  he,  Dr.  Wallace,  and 
I  have  plants  of  this  grand  variety.  It  was  only  quite 
lately  (some  time  after  sending  up  my  plant  to  South 
Kensington)  that  I  heard  that  the  plants  in  Mr. 
Melhven  s  charge  have  for  years  been  called  Dendro- 
bium nobile  lleathfieldianum  (they  certainly  were 
never  so  spoken  of  to  me  either  by  Mr.  Lange  or 
Mr.  Methven),  but  I  am  now  satisfied  such  is  the  fact, 
and  I  wish  to  give  the  entire  credit  of  raising  the 
variety  to  Mr.  Andrew  Methven.  As  my  reason  for 
not  mentioning  Mr.  Melhven's  name  at  an  earlier 
date  may  not  be  apparenf,  I  may  state  that  I  was 
endeavouring  to  buy  up  the  entire  stock  of  the  variety, 
and  did  not  wish  to  provide  competitors  against 
myself,  which  such  a  course  would  have  entailed. 
Nor7Han  C,  Ccokson,  Oai-awoJ,  July  14.  [This  is  an 
outcome  of  unauthorised  nomenclature.  There  is 
nothing  to  prevent  a  grower  or  proprietor  from 
naming  any  plant  in  the  manner  he  pleases  ;  but  as  a 
matter  of  convenience  it  would  be  far  better,  either 
'  that  he  should  not  name  the  plant  at  all,  or  if,  he  docs 
so,  that  he  should  follow  the  canon  law.  The  case  is  one 
of  "regular  relotia,"such  as  we  see  more  or  less  perfect 
specimens  of  frequently  in  the  course  of  the  year ;  and 
are  glad  to  see  that  growers  (not  raisers  in  this  cist) 
have  succeeded  in  perpetuating  the  sport.  Ed.] 

Schedules  Again.— As  an  exhibitor  in  a  class  for 
"  Four  pots  of  annuals  or  herbaceous  plants  grown  in 
pots,  in  flower,  and  distinct,"  at  the  late  Wimbledon 
show,  I  exhibited  two  Achimenes  and  two  tuberous 
Begonias,  all  distinct,  for  which  I  was  disqualified.  I 
should  feel  much  obliged  if  you  could  give  me  any 
reason  for  my  disqualification.  Joseph  Law.  [In 
default  of  precise  instructions  in  the  schedule  the 
judges  would  fall  back  on  general  custom.  Now  it 
is  not  the  general  custom  to  include  in  schedules  the 
Achimenes  or  tuberous  Begonias  as  annuals  or  her- 
baceous plants.  Botanically  speaking,  Ihe  judges 
were  wrong,  but  they  were  not  judging  from  a  purely 
botanical  point  of  view,  but  from  that  of  exhibition 
custom,  and  in  so  far  they  were  right.  The  blame 
rests  with  the  schedule  framer.  Ed.] 

Galls  on  Orchid  Roots.— I  see  another  note  on 
"  Galls  on  Orchid  roots  "  in  last  week's  issue  at  p.  85, 
but  as  far  as  1  can  see  the  paper  is  a  discussion  of 
what  sort  the  insect  is — that  does  not  help  growers. 
We  want  to  know,  if  we  should  happen  to  get  them, 
are  they  injurious  to  the  plants?  [Obviously  ]  flow  are 
we  to  kill  them  except  by  cutting  off  the  affected  root 
or  puncturing  it  to  kill  the  larv:^?  ?  and  how  are  we  to 
stop  them  breeding  if  they  increase  after  the  roots 
are  cut  off?  De  B,  Craiushay, 


THE    BIRMINGHAM    ROSE    SHOW, 
July  15  and  16, 

at  the  Botanic  Gardens.  Edgbaston,  was  a  decided 
success,  an  excellent  display  of  flowers  being  staged  in 
the  new  large  glass  corridor,  and  was  well  set-off  by 
various  plants  belonging  to  the  gardens.  In  the  nursery- 
man's classes  the  following  exhibited  : — • 

For  thirty-six  trusses.— ist,  The  Cranston  Nursery 
Co.  :  2d.  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son,  Coventry  ;  3d,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  equal  3d,  Mr.  Charles  Turner, 
Slough. 

For  thirty-six  singles. — ist,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  ;  2d, 
The  Cranston  Nursery  Co.  ;  3d.  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

For  twenty-four  trusses, — ist,  The  Cranston  Nursery 
Co.  I  2d,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son. 

For  twenty-four  singles. — ist,  The  Cranston  Nursery 
Co.  ;  2d.  Messrs.  Paul&  Son  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Freltingliam, 
Nottingham. 

For  twelve  Teas  and  Noisettes. — rst,  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son  ;  2d,   The  Cranston  Nursery  Co.  ;  3d,  Mr.  C. 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  twenty-four  singles. — .\.  H. 
Griffiths,  Esq.,  Harborne,  was  ist  ;  W.  G.  Mayhew, 
Esq.,  2I  ;  Mr.  Brown,  Shadon  Hall,  3d. 

Far  twelve  trusses.  —  ist.  R.  Ramsden,  Esq.  ;  2d, 
A.  H.  Griffiths,  Esq.  ;  3d,  Rev.  H.  W.  Wilson. 

For  twelve  singles.— isl,  A.  H.  Griffiths,  Esq.  ;  2i, 
Rev.  J.  A.  Williams  ;  3d,  J.  Richards,  Esq. 


122 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18 


For  twelve  Teas.— Rev.  J.  A.  Williams,  with  a  very  fine 
lot,  ist  ;  2d,  R.  Ramsden,  Esq.  ;  3d,  Rev.  H.  W. 
Watson. 

Some  excellent  blooms  were  staged,  and  in  Messrs. 
Cranston's  exhibits  were  fine  blooms  of  Deborah, 
Duchesse  de  Morny,  A,  K.  Williams,  Marquis  de  Cas- 
tellane,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  E.  V.  Teas,  Madame  Caro- 
line Kuster,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Prince  Arthur, 
Madame  Willermoz,  Antoine  Ducher,  Lady  Sheffield, 
Horace  Vernet,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Reynolds  Hole, 
Madame  Ferdinand  Jamain,  very  fine  ;  Duke  of  Edin- 
burgh. Marie  van  Houtte.  Madame  Therfese  Levet, 
Innocente  Pirola,  and  Jean  Ducher. 

In  Messrs.  Paul's  stands  were  very  fine  blooms  of  A.  K. 
Williams,  Marshall  P.  Wilder.  Madame  Alphonse 
Lavall^e,  Queen  of  Queens,  Lady  Sheffield.  Duke  of 
Teck,  Star  of  Waltham,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  E.  Y. 
Teas,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Souvenir  d'Elise,  Marie  Bau- 
mann. 

In  Mr.  Turner's  stands  were  excellent  blooms  of  Mar- 
guerite D'Ombrain,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  very  fine  ;  A.  R.  Williams,  King  of  Bedders, 
Caroline  Kuster.  Fran9oise  Levet,  Marie  Verdier,  and 
Madame  Lambard.  fine. 

In  Messrs.  Perkins"  stands  were  also  good  blooms  of 
Due  de  Rohan.  Mrs.  Laxton,  Charles  Darwin,  Souvenir 
de  Tht^rese  Levet.  very  fine  ;  Louis  van  HouUe,  E.  Y. 
Teas,  Alba  rosea.  Elienne  Levet,  Merveille  de  Lyon. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son's  stand  of  twelve  Teas,  which  took 
he  ist  prize,  were  a  superb  lot,  consisting  of  Niphetos, 
Catherine  Merniet,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami.  Perle  des  Jardins,  Marec'^al  Neil,  in  superb 
colour  ;  Innocente  Pirola,  La  Boule  dOr,  CaroUne 
Kuster.  and  others. 

The  Rev.  J.  Williams  had  in  his  stand  of  Teas  a  re- 
markably  fine  Madame  Lambard,  Marie  van  Houtte, 
Etoile  de  Lyon,  |can  Ducher.  Souvenir  de  Paul  Vernet, 
Anna  Olivier,  Perle  des  Jardins,  Caroline  Kuster. 
Madame  Hippolyte  Jamain,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon, 
Catherine  Mermel,  and  Madame  Furtado. 

Mr.  Davidson,  nurseryman,  Hereford,  staged  a  very 
fine  twelve  blooms  of  Merveille  de  Lyon. 

Mr.  Hans  Niemand  set  up  a  beautifully  arranged  group 
of  plants,  for  which  a  special  Certificate  was  awarded, 
also  special  Certificates  for  Caladium  candidum  and  the 
new  double-flowered  Abutilon  Thompsoni.  Mr.  Verte- 
gans  received  a  Certificate  tor  a  fine  collection  of  alpine 
and  herbaceous  plants,  and  Mr.  F.  Perkins,  Leaming- 
ton, a  Certificate  for  two  handsome  bouquets  of  Roses  and 
Rose  sprays.  Mr.  Perkins  also  sent  examples  of  the 
white  Pelargonium.  Volont^  Nalionale. 


Messrs.  Fisher.  Son  &  Sibray,  Handsworth.  showed  a 
very  extensive  collection  of  hardy  trees  and  shrubs,  stove, 
greenhouse,  foliage,  and  flowering  plants,  &c.,  which 
occupied  the  whole  of  a  large  tent.  These  were  a  great 
attraction  in  themselves,  and  were  well  arranged. 

Mr.  B.  S,  Williams.  Holloway,  sent  a  good  collec- 
tion of  miscellaneous  flowering  and  foliage  plants,  in- 
cluding some  good  Orchids,  Nepenthes,  &c.,  which 
were  beautifully  arranged  at  one  end  of  the  pavilion, 
forming  a  feature  much  admired,  especially  the 
novelties. 

Mr.  Ewing,  the  enthusiastic  Curator,  has  brought  the 
Botanical  Gardens  here,  by  his  assiduous  endeavours, 
into  a  grand  condition,  considering  the  fickle  nature  of 
the  climate  of  this  pari.  The  bedding  was  very  well 
managed,  in  fact  it  was  one  of  the  finest  displays  of  the 
kind  that  I  have  seen  for  some  lime  ;  he  evidently  having 
by  long  experience  succeeded  in  learning  the  plants  best 
adapted  for  the  climate,  and  uses  them  with  great  tkill 
and  artistic  feeling.  The  various  departments  in  the 
houses  are  also  well  managed,  and  present  a  fine  display 
of  foliage  and  flowermg  plants.  {A  Conxspondcnt  ) 


SHEFFIELD  BOTANICAL  AND  HORTI- 
CULTURAL :    July  17  and  18. 

The  second  annual  show  of  the  above  Society  was 
opened  on  July  17,  in  ihe  Botanical  Gardens,  with  every 
promise  of  being,  in  all  respects,  a  much  more  successful 
exhibition  than  that  held  last  year.  The  committee 
had  done  well  in  taking  the  advice  given  them  in 
engaging  a  gentleman  well  versed  in  arranging  exhibi- 
tions of  this  description,  as  everything  this  year  was 
carried  out  in  a  thorough  practical  manner.  Unfortu- 
nately financially  the  show  is  a  failure,  owing  to  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather,  and  last  year  ihe  show 
suffered  equally  or  even  worse  than  this  year. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

One  of  the  principal  features  of  the  exhibition  was  the 
groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect.  These  classes 
called  forth  some  spirited  competition,  but  in  most  cases 
the  groups  were  far  too  crowded  with  plants  ;  however, 
they  produced  a  good  effect  looked  at  as  a  whole. 

"The  competition  with  table  plants  was  very  keen,  the 
entries  numerous,  and  many  good  plants  adapted  for 
the  purpose  were  staged,  both  in  the  nurserymen's  and 
amateurs'  classes. 

Florists'  flowers  in  pots  were  poor  in  numbers,  as  in 
quality.  Foliage  plants  were  sm^ll,  but  nice  and  clean, 
as  were  also  exotic  and  hardy  Fetns. 

Orchids. 

The  entries  were  small,  both  by  nurserymen  and 
amateurs.  Messrs.  Fisher,  Son  &  Sibray  were  1st  in 
the  former ;  in  the  latter  some  very  strong  comments 
respecting  the  awarding  were  made  :  the  person  placed 
2d,  who  afterwards  was  made  equal  1st,  in  my  opinion, 
as  well  as  in  that  of  others,  was  a  very  easy  ist. 

Cut  flowers,  especially  Roses,  were  very  good.  Messrs. 
Cranston  &  Co..  Hereford,  easily  securing  ihe  highest 
honours  by  staging  some  fine  clean  fresh  blooms.  Ama- 
teurs also  showed  both  numerously  and  well,  the  leading 
prize  going  to  a  Liverpool  grower. 

Bouquets,  &c. 

Bouquets  were  well  shown,  the  leading  prizes  going 
to  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  of  Coventry,  in  the  nur- 
serymen's  class  ;  also  for  buttonhole  bouquet?.  These 
were  very  pretty,  and  good  examples  of  skill,  not  being 
so  crowded  with  blooms  as  such  productions  so  often  are. 

Fruit 
was  shown  in  quantities,  but  the  quality  was  much  below 
the  average  of  former  years,  except  for  Grapes,  Peaches, 
and  Pines,  and  the  prize  for  the  best  collection  of  eight 
dishes  went  to  Mr.  Wood.  Redding's  House,  Alfrelon, 
for  a  good  clean  collection. 

Miscellaneous. 

Cottagers   came   well   to  the    fore,    some   very   good 

examples  of  cultivation  being  shown  in  their  respective 

plasses, 


CHISWICK    HORTICULTURAL:    July  16. 

Some  of  the  glories  that  clustered  round  the  old 
Chiswick  exhibitions  of  thirty  years  ago  centred  about 
the  gardens  on  the  above  date,  when  the  fiuh  annual 
exhibition  of  this  Society  took  place,  Some  features  of 
the  old  shows  have  ceased  to  be  repeated  at  modern 
exhibitions,  some  features  of  this  particular  exhibition 
would  not  have  characterised  the  shows  of  a  former  day 
— such  as  the  groups  arranged  for  effect  ;  the  very  fine 
tuberous-rooted  Btgonias,  the  newer  forms  of  Coleus, 
and  the  magnificent  erect  Gloxinias. 

A  long  tent  set  up  on  the  grass  plat,  south  of  the 
Council  chamber,  accommodated  the  leading  plants, 
groups,  cut  flowers,  table  decorations,  &c. ;  a  *.upple- 
mentary  tent  took  the  foliaged  plants,  »S:c  ;  while  the 
fruit  and  vegetables,  unusually  numerous,  found  a  place 
in  the  great  vinery. 

Groups  of  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  the  largest  groups,  Messrs.  Hooper  & 
Co.,  Twickenham  and  Covent  Garden,  were  placed  1st, 
with  a  most  charming  arrangement ;  Messrs.  \.  Froniow 
&  Son.  Sutton  Court  Nursery,  Turnham  Green,  being  a 
good  2d  :  3d,  E.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  Devonshurst  (Mr. 
Wright,  gr.). 

The  best  of  the  smaller  groups  came  from  F.  R. 
Geaves,  Esq  .  Cambridge  Park.  Twickenham  (J.  W. 
Tillswell.  gr.),  being  run  very  hard  by  E.  M.  Nelson, 
Esq..  Hanger  Hill  House,  (W.  Chadwick.  gr. )  ;  H.  G. 
Lake,  Esq.,  Fairlawn  House,  Acton  (Mr.  H.  Davis,  gr.), 
being  3d. 

Stove   and   Greenhouse   Plants. 

The  best  group  of  six,  a  nice  lot.  came  froni  Mrs. 
Meek,  Poullett  Lodge.  Twickenham  (Mr.  W.  Bates,  gr.), 
who  had  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Bougainvillea 
glabra,  AUamandi  H-i-ndersoni,  Stephanolis  floribunda, 
Dracophyllum  gracil'^.  and  Dipladenia  hybrida  ;  2d, 
E.  H,  Walts,  Esq.  :  3d.  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq. 

The  best  three  Fuchsias  came  from  E.  H.  Watts, 
Esq..  good  bushy  well  grown  plants  ;  H.  G.  Lake,  Esq., 
coming  2d. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  shown  in  groups  of  six  and 
three,  and  being  nicely  grown  and  flowered  formed 
attractive  patches  of  colour. 

Tuberous  rooted  Begonias  are  always  well  done  at 
Chiswick,  and  the  best  six  came  from  J.  J.  Flack.  Esq., 
Twickenham  (Mr.  J.  Sallows,  gr.);  |.  R.  Starling,  Esq., 
The  Chestnuts,  Gunnersbury^  coming  in  a  good  2d. 
Cockscombs  were  pretty  good,  and  Gloxinias  were  numer- 
ous and  fine  ;  the  best  twelve  plants  of  the  latter  came 
from  G.  P  Greenfield.  Esq.,  The  Spring,  Hanwell  (Mr. 
W.  Wright,  gr.)  ;  [.  J.  Flack.  Esq.,  2d,  Mr.  Flack  had 
six  admirable  plants  of  Achimenes. 

Foliage  Plants. 

The  best  six  came  from  Mr.  E.  M.  Nelson,  who  had 
fine  examples  of  Crolon  variegalus,  C.  angustifolius, 
Latania  borbonica,  Alocasia  Lowii,  Dracaena  Youngi, 
and  Areca  lutescens ;  2d,  H.  G.  Lake,  Esq.  Mr. 
Nelson  also  had  the  best  six  exotic  Ferns,  consisting  of 
fresh  well  grown  specimens  of  Gymnogramma 
Lauchear-*.  LXivallia  Mooreana,  Dicksonia  antarctica. 
Adiantum  Santa  Calherinre.  A.  cuneatum,  and  Lygo- 
dium  scandens  ;  2d,  E.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  with  a  good 
lot  also.  No  Caladiums  were  shown,  hut  Coleus  were 
abundant,  Mr.  J.  J.  Flack  having  the  best,  closely  fol- 
lowed by  C.  ].  Waite.  Esq.,  Esher.  Lycopods  were 
superbly  done  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Starling,  large  well-grown 
specimens  in  the  finest  character,  the  sorts  Meriensi, 
Kraussi  variegata,  Kraussi  aurea,  Meriensi  variegata, 
stolonifera,  and  uncinata  ;  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq  ,  was  2d. 
Plants  for  table  decoration  were  largely  and  well  shown. 

Cut  Flowers.  Roses. 

Of  these  there  was  a  good  display,  some  excellent 
blooms  being  shown.  The  best  twenty-four  came  from 
Mr.  W.  Rumsey.  Waltham  Cross  ;  T.  W.  Girdlestone, 
E>q  .  Sunningdale,  being  2d,  having  some  fine  Tea- 
scented  varieties  in  his  box.  Mr.  G.  P.  Greenfield  had 
ihe  best  six  ;  Wm.  Lindell,  Esq..  Ealing  (Mr.  Wilson, 
gr.).  being  2d  H  J  Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Gunners- 
bury  Hou-e  (Mr,  J.  Hudson,  gr.),  was  ist  with  twelve 
bunches  of  cut  flnwers,  an  admirable  lot  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  subjects  ;  W.  Lindell,  Esq.,  being  2d. 
Hardy  herbaceous  flowers  were  well  represented,  and  in 
the  class  for  twenty-tour  blooms  of  Gloxinias,  in  pairs, 
in  twelve  varieties,  Mr.  Hudson  was  jst  with  a  very  good 


lot,  Mr.  Nelson  coming  in  2d.     Bunches  of  zonal  Pelar- 
goniums were  numerous  and  very  good. 

Table  Decorations,  Bouquets,  &c. 
The  best  three  stands  or  vases  for  table  decoration 
came  from  Mrs.  Hudson,  Gunnersbury  House  Gardens, 
arranged  in  the  excellent  style  characteristic  of  this 
able  decorator ;  Mr.  J.  R.  Chard,  floral  decorator, 
Clapham,  was  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Prewelt,  Hammersmith, 
3d — both  very  good.  Miss  S.  A.  Fromow  had  the  best 
single  piece  ;  Miss  Prewett  being  2d.  Miss  Barron, 
Sutton  Court  Road,  had  the  best  \ase  of  wild  flowers — 
a  very  pretty  and  tasteful  arrangement  ;  Mr.  D.  Bullen, 
Little  Sutton,  being  2d.  In  the  class  for  three  bouquets, 
one  bride's  and  two  bridesmaid's,  Mr.  W.  Gardiner, 
B-iyswater,  was  ist ;  Mr.  J.  Prewett  being  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
G.  Phippen.  Reading,  3d.  Buttonhole  bouquets  were 
both  numerously  and  well  shown. 

Fruit. 

Mr.  Hudson  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes, 
showing  very  fine  Madresfield  Court  ;  Mr.  Nelson  being 
a  near  2d,  with  well  finished  Black  Hamburghs  ;  and 
Mr.  Baird  3d,  with  the  same.  The  best  two  bunches  of 
\shite  Grapes  were  from  Mr.  B.^ird.  who  had  excellent 
Duke  of  Buccleuch.  which  he  admirably  finishes  in  a 
mixed  house.  Mr.  J.  Coombes,  Sheen  House,  Rich- 
mond, was  2d.  with  Muscat  of  Ale.\andria.  Foster's 
Seedling  was  also  shown.  Strawberries,  Cherries.  Rasp- 
berries, Currants,  and  Gooseberries  were  also  well 
shown. 

Vegetables. 

These  were  extensively  shown,  and  in  good  condition. 
Mr.  C.  J.  Waite.  Glenhurst,  Esher.  was  invincible  in 
this  department,  as  he  was  ist,  with  nine  dishes  of 
vegetables  ;  also  in  the  classes  for  six  dishes,  in  which 
special  prizes  were  offered  by  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  and 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  ;  and  also  for  three  dishes  ol 
Potatos.  Peas,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  &c.,  were  very 
good. 

One  special  class  at  this  exhibition  is  always  of  a  very 
interesting  character,  namely  for  the  best  hand-painted 
china  or  lerra-cotta  vase,  tile  or  plate,  handsome  special 
prizes  being  offered  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Starling  and  the  Chis- 
wick School  of  Art.  The  isl  prize  went  to  Miss  A.  E. 
Heritage,  South  Kensington  ;  2d,  Miss  E.  Ray,  Ham- 
mersmith ;  3d.  Miss  A.  Fitch,  Wimbledon. 

Miscellaneous  contributions  comprised  a  wonderful 
collection  of  hardy  ornamental  and  variegated  plants 
from  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons'  arboretum  at  Isleworlh  ; 
and  cut  Roses  from  their  Ealing  nurseries  ;  cut  Roses 
from  Messrs.  Veitch  and  Mr.  C.  Turner  ;  and  a  large 
group  of  plants  from  Chiswick  House,  furnished  by  Mr. 
May,  which  was  Highly  Commended. 


STATS  Oif  IHR  WEATHER  AT  BLACKH RATH,  LONDON^ 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  July  32,  1885. 


Hygrome. 
tncal     De. 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition 

> 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

Q 

^■1 

1 

< 

X 

Mean  Reading 

Reduced  to 

3a'  Fahr.        _ 

Departure  from 

Average  of 

X 

1 

0^ 

i 

Q 

IB. 

ii 

July 

In. 

In. 

.  1    . 

. 

In. 

16 

=5  83 

H-0.02 

74.3S4.3ao.o6a.« 

-  0.7'47.8 

60 

S.VV,    o.oi 

17 

»,.88 

+oc8 

70954  0169 

606 

-  -I4S.5 

58 

S.W.    a  00 

iS 

39  77 

—0.03 

73.5|54  = 

"95 

6t.3 

-  ..354.8 

8,{ 

S.W.  : 

w.s.w.  °  "■ 

•9 

29.70 

-0.0 

73.»59.» 

■4.0 

63.6 

+  .S8  4 

84 

S.W     L.oo 

JO 

2978 

-001J775S9817.7 

63.2 

+  2.8  s6  6 

74 

S.W.      0  02 

2. 

30.16 

+0.3774  S  58.0  16.5 

6a.7 

+  0.4  54  7 

75 

E,      ^0.00 

" 

3».»5 

+  o«7S  555.3=0.' 

63.' 

+  0  8  47  9 

57 

E.       0.00 

Mean 

2991 

+0.11 

74  = 

564 

.7-8 

62  6 

+  0  I  s».'}    70 

S.W. 

00. 

July  16. — Dull  moniing,  fine  and  bright  at  times  in  t 

—  17. — Dull  day,  finer  about  5  i'  m.     Clear  night. 

—  i8.~Dull  but  fine  throushout. 

—  19.— Dull  day,  occasional  bunshiuc. 

—  20. —Dull  day,  occasional  sunsliine. 

—  21.— Dull  day,  alternately  dear  and  cloudy. 

—  22. — Very  fine  day  and  night. 


London  :  Atjuospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  iS,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.96  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.07  inches  by  9  a.m 
on  the  I3fh,  decreased  lo  30  01  inches  by  5  p.m.  oq 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


123 


the  13'h,  increased  to  30.24  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the 
15th,  decreased  to  29. 98  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  16th, 
increased  to  30  oS  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  17th,  and 
was  29.91  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.07  inches,  being  009 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.08  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  77°,  on  the  I5ih  ;  on  the  12th 
the  highest  was  6S^  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  72". 9. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  49°,  on  the  I4ih  ; 
on  the  I2lh  the  lowest  temperature  was  57''-S.  The 
mean    of    the   seven    low   night    temperatures    was 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  was  26".  2,  on 
the  I5ih  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  I2th,  was  io°.2.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  I9^4. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  ihe  I2ih,  60°. 6  ; 
on  the  13th,  6i°.5  ;  on  the  14'h,  58'.7  ;  on  the  I5ih, 
62°.9  ;  on  the  l6th,  62'' ;  on  the  17th,  6o^6  ;  ard  on 
the  iSth,  6i°.3;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  (excepting  the  15th,  which  was  o°.2  above)  by 
I'.S,  1",  3''.9,  o^7,  2°.  I,  and  i°.3  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  61*.  i, 
being  3", 9  lower  than  last  week,  and  i''.5  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  135°,  on  the  15th  and  l6th.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  readings  was  II7°.2. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  38'. 5,  on  the  14th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  42''.7. 

Rain.  —  Rain  fell  on  three  days  during  the  week 
to  the  amount  of  o'',44  inch,  of  which  o".  4 1  fell  on 
the  I2ih. 

England  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end* 
ing  July  18,  the  highest  temperatures  were  78°  at 
Cambridge,  77"  at  Blackheath  and  Leeds  ;  the 
highest  at  Bolton,  62',  at  Newcastle  64°,  at  Liver- 
pool 65°. I.     The  general  mean  was  70^8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  39^  at  Truro,  40^  i 
at  Bolton,  40°.4  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  lowest  at 
Brighton  was  50",  at  Blackheath  94",  at  New- 
castle 48^.     The  general  mean  was  45^2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  35°. 5  at  Wolverhampton, 
32°  at  Leeds,  31°.  i  at  Cambridge  ;  the  smallest 
ranges  were  16°  at  Newcastle,  17^3  at  Liverpool, 
20"  at  Sunderland.     The  general  mean  was  25°  6. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  72°.9,  at  Cambridge  72''.4,  at 
Brighton  70''.  3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton  59°  4,  at 
Newcastle  61°.  3,  at  Sunderland  6i*.S.  The  general 
mean  was  66°.3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath  53°.5,  at  Brighton  53°.3,  at 
Plymouth  53°.!  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton  46'.  i,  at 
Wolverhampton  47". 2,  at  Sunderland  48°.7.  The 
general  mean  was  50°.  8. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
20°. 9,  at  Blackheath  19°. 4,  at  Wolverhampton  19". 2  ; 
and  was  least  at  Liverpool,  9°. 8,  at  Newcastle  10''. S, 
at  Preston  12". 9,     The  general  mean  was  15°. 5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
6i°.l,  at  iBrighton  and  Cambridge  60",  and  was 
lowest  at  Bolton,  5o^S,  at  Sunderland  53''.3,  at 
Newcastle  54°.     The  general  mean  was  56°,6. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  0.89  inch  at  Bolton, 
0.S4  inch  at  Preston,  0.72  inch  at  Sunderland  ;  the 
smallest  falls  were  o.Qi  inch  at  Nottingham,  0,05 
inch  at  Wolverhampton,  and  0.07  inch  at  Brighton. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.33  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  18,  the  highest  temperature  was  69°.!,  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
61". 2.     The  general  mean  was  65°. 9.   * 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  41°,  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
48°.     The  general  mean  was  44°.  7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Aberdeen, 
57''.y ;  and  lowest  at  Greenock,  53*.8.  The  general 
mean  was  55°. 4. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  1.27  inch,  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  f.ill  was  o  27  inch  at  Edinburgh. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  o  64  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  20,  18S5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Ofhce,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  has  been  fair  gene- 
rally over  England,  but  showery  at  the  west  and 
north  stations  ;  a  good  deal  of  fog  has  prevailed  over 
our  south-western  districts. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  its  mean  value 
everywhere.  Over  England  the  deficit  has  amounted 
to  only  i"  or  2*.  but  in  Scotland  it  is  3"  or  4°,  and  in 
Ireland  it  varies  from  3"  to  5°.  The  maxima  (which 
exceeded  70°  at  the  English  stations  only)  were 
recorded  oh  various  dates,  according  to  the  locality 
of  the  station,  and  were,  of  course,  much  higher  at 
the  inland  stations  than  on  the  coasts.  The  minima 
occurred  as  a  rule  on  Tuesday  (r4th),  and  were  very 
low  in  some  cases,  especially  over  the  northern  and 
central  parts  of  Ireland,  where  they  ranged  from 
34°  10  39°. 

The  rainfall  was  from  four  to  five-tenths  of  an  inch 
less  than  the  mean  for  the  week  at  the  English  stations, 
while  it  was  about  its  mean  value  in  Scotland,  slightly 
in  excess  over  *'  Ireland,  S."  and  ''England,  S.W.," 
and  largely  in  excess  over  "Ireland,  N."  and 
"England,  N.W."  The  number  of  rainy  days  varied 
from  two  in  "England,  S.,"  to  five  in  "Scotland, 
N.,"  "Scotland,  W.."  and  "England,  N.W.,"and 
to  six  in  "  Ireland,  N." 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decided  decrease  from  the 
values  recorded  last  week.  In  the  south  of  Ireland 
only  one-seventh  of  the  possible  duration  was  recorded, 
and  in  the  northern  paits  of  Scotland  and  Ireland, 
the  quantities  recorded  show  rather  less  than  one-fifth 
of  the  possible  duration,  while  over  our  Midland  and 
Eastern  Counties  there  was  only  one-fourth,  and 
even  in  the  Channel  Islands  less  than  half. 

Depressions  observed. — These  were  comparatively 
unimportant  ;  and,  until  the  igh,  were  confined  to 
the  north  and  north-western  parts  of  the  kingdom. 
The  distribution  of  pressure  then  became  very  com- 
plex, and  some  shallow  disturbances  passed  across 
Ireland  and  England,  producing  little  wind,  but  in 
same  places  much  rain. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Leaf-miner  on  Hollv  :   W.   M.    The  work  of  Phy- 
tomyza  ilicis.     Pick  off  and  sweep  up  the  leaves,  and 


Summary   of  Temperature,    Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  Upited 


Fig.  27.— leaf-miner  on  hollv. 


burn.  There  is  no  other  remedy  on  a  large  scale. 
The  Beech  leaves  will  be  reported  on  next  week. 

Ants  in  Soil  near  a  Rose-bush  :  A  Fifteen  Yeats' 
Subscriber.  Pour  into  the  ant-hill  a  small  portion  of 
carbolic  acid  and  water,  or  gas-tar,  in  small  quantities. 
The  ants  might  prove  of  service  in  keeping  your  Roses 
free  from  aphides. 

Canada  :  A.  H.  For  one  who  is  acquainted  with  gar- 
dening generally,  and  willing  to  work,  the  best  places 
are  those  that  have  been  longest  settled,  as  Montreal, 
Quebec,  and  Hamilton,  where  employment  might  be 
found.  Later,  when  better  acquainted  with  the  cli- 
m^ite  and  methods  of  work,  a  start  could  be  made  in 
business. 

Champignon  :  W.  G.  S.  The  interpolation  was  mis- 
placed.    We  have  seen  sheep  eat  Champignons. 

Fern  Skedling  :  C.  Kers/mw.  The  Fern  sent  is  a 
very  pretty  form  of  Adiantum  cuneatum,  and  one 
which  seerris  to  deserve  a  name  and  separate  recogni- 
tion.  Mr.  Moore  proposes  to  send  us  a  few  descrip- 
tive notes  of  it  under  the  name  of  Adiantum  cuneatum 
elegans. 

Ferns  :  No  name,  i,  Athyrium  Filix-fcemina  ;  6,  Blech- 
num  boreale  ;  8,  Lastrea  thelypteris  ;  10,  Aspidium 
aculeatum  ;  11.  Polypodium  vulgare.  The  other 
nqmbers  we  cjo  not  (ind. 


Jamaica  1-erns— an  Error  :  Filix  wT\\.e%  to  correct 
a  misstatCTient  that  occurs  in  the  report  of  the  Jamaica 
Botanic  Garden  cited  by  us  some  time  since,  and  in 
which  it  is  stated  that  the  Jamaica  Ferns  are  ten  times 
as  numerous  as  those  ol  the  United  Slates.  The 
approximate  numbers,  however,  are  450  for  |amaica, 
and  130  for  the  United  States. 

Largest  Strawberry  Grounds  in  Kent  :  T.  H. 
You  had  better  ask  Mr.  Cannell,  of  Swanley,  for  in- 
formation. 

Melons  in  Jamaica  Dying  Off:  L.  C.  G.  The 
thin-skinned  weakly  constitutioned  English  varieties, 
which  we  cultivate  most  artificially,  seldom  succeed  ' 
out-of-doors  in  any  climate,  the  foliage  falling  a  prey 
to  diseases,  and  the  fruit  bursting  before  it  is  fully 
grown,  from  an  excess  of  moisture.  Cashmere.  Cabool, 
I'rescuit,  and  the  numerous  kinds  of  Cantaloupe  Melons, 
are  the  best  for  out-of-doors  work  in  warm  countries. 
Englibh  kinds  can  be  made  to  succeed  in  low  frames  of 
glass  without  sides,  in  which  they  must  be  slightly 
shaded  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  and  the  vines 
allowed  to  run  at  will  beyond  the  limits  of  the  frame. 
Under  this  way  of  growing  them  the  watering  is  quite 
under  the  control  ot  the  gardener. 

Names  of  Plants  :  y.  //.  We  cannot  name  from 
such  miserable  scraps.  —  5.  v.  M.     Inula  glandulosa. 

—  C.  y.  A/.  A  Willow  ;  probably  a  lorm  ot  S. 
repens,  but  the  specimen  is  insufficient. — P.  J.  Rubus 
odoratus. — E.  U.  Russell,  i,  Cupressus  macrocarpi  ; 
2,  Thuia  pisifera. — J.  Cocker  df  Sof?s.  i,  CelsiaT 
arcturus  ;  2,  Inula  Hookeri  ;  3.  Thalictrum  angusii- 
folium  ;  4,  T.  majus,— C.     tf^.   Dod.     Inula  Hookeri. 

—  IV,  Scott.  I,  Centaurea  niacrocephala  ;  2,  C.  deal- 
bata  ;  3,  Cimicifuga  racemosa  ;  4.  Isotoma  axillaris  ; 
— H.  Ceniaurea  ;  loo  scrappy  10  name,  send  belter 
specimen. 

Pelargonium  Bloom  Withering:  A.  H,  It  would 
seem  as  if  the  fumigation  had  been  too  much  for  these 

'  and  the  Roses.  But  you  did  not  say  if  the  withering 
of  the  flowers  look  place  before  or  alter  the  smoking. 

Pickling  Globe  Artichokes  for  Winter  Use  : 
Ct.  IV.  After  shortening  the  stalks,  place  them  in 
strong  brine  of  the  same  strength  as  is  used  for  meat. 
The  vessel  used  should  be  of  wood,  and  must  be  fur- 
ni-hed  with  a  lid  that  will  slide  up  or  down  the 
interior.  When  the  Artichokes  are  put  into  the  pickle 
the  lid  is  placed  on  them  and  weighted  with  a  piece  of 
stone  to  keep  them  under  the  surface  of  the  water. 
Scum  will  arise  from  the  Artichokes,  which  must  be 
wiped  off  the  lid,  on  which  it  lodges,  with  a  clean 
cloth  that  should  be  kept  for  the  purpose.  Green 
French  Beans,  Runner  Beans,  Peas,  and  Cucumbers, 
can  be  just  as  readily  kept  for  winter  consumption  in 
the  same  way.  The  chief  points  to  observe  are  wiping 
away  of  the  scum,  and  keeping  them  under  the  pickle. 
With  this  amount  of  aitenlion  the  articles  will  keep 
good  for  several  months. 

Plants  Attacked  by  Insects  :  y.  B.  M.  The 
buds  of  your  neighbour's  Conifers  have  been  attacked 
by  the  caterpillars  of  a  very  pretty  small  moth — Torlrix 
(Retinia)  Tuiionana,  figured  in  the  Gardeners'  C/irO' 
nicte,  1850.  Pick  oft"  and  burn  the  inlested  buds, 
which  can  easily  be  distinguished,  aUIiough  we  tear 
the  moths  have  already  escaped.  /.  O.  W. — J.  Eraser, 
Your  Vine  leaves  arrived  in  too  dry  a  stale  to  enable 
us  accurately  to  determine  the  cause  of  the  numerous 
blotches  and  gdls  upon  them,  which  are  most  probably 
produced  by  the  gall-mite  (Phyllerium  viiis),  although 
the  numerous  fiUmentous  matters  within  the  galls 
have  not  the  appearance,  under  a  Zeuss  microscope, 
of  animal  mailer.  J.O.   W. 

Rose  and  Iris  :  A.  J.  We  cannot  undertake  to 
name  florists'  varieties. 

Three-flowered  Marguerite  :  G.  IV.  Such  ab- 
normal blooms  are  very  common. 

*^*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor,"  and  not  to  the  Publisher, 
or  to  any  member  of  the  staff  personally.  The  Editor 
would  also  be  obliged  by  such  communications  being 
written  on  one  side  only  of  ike  paper  and  sent  as  early 
in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents  sending 
newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs 
they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 


_  _  Received:— G.  T.  D.  (in  engraver's  hands). 
J.  Cocker  &  Sons.— W.  ScotL-A.  C— J.  S.  B.— Professor 
j\iartens,  L-)uvain  (next  week).— B.  W.— J.  M.— Jas.  Veitch 
^^t  .Son.'.— A.  W.— F.  W.  b.  —  C.  W.  (please  send  another 
speeimen,  the  other  h^s  gone  astray).  — Nova  Scotia.— J.  M., 
Ol  tario  (many  thanks).— E.  \V.  S.,  Gardeners  Magazine 
Office,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  E.C.— E,  V.  B.-R.  D.-C.  W.  S.— 
G.  H.  (no,  thank  you).— C.  Joly  (with  many  thanks).  — Prof. 
Balfour.-M.  Boissier.-K.  S.  &  Co.-W.  G.  S.— N.  E. 
Brown.— W.  Dod.— H.  E.— G.  Bunyard. 


@uquirus. 


-Bacom. 


"  He  tluxt  t/iiestioiU'tft  much  shall  leant 

G.\RDENS.— Is  anything  known  of  the  two  gardens 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Kaye  in  the  following  passage  ?  "  De 
nice.  gUndem  fert.  ut  quercus,  fcemina.  Utriusque 
generis  unam  vidimus  in  Britannia,  marem  in  horlo  pary- 
sino  in  ripa  transthamesina,  fceminania  horto  regio  West- 
monasterii."  Johannes  Caii  Britanni  de  rarioriim  ania- 
lium  et  stirpium  historia.  :570,  p.  29.  Henry  N.  Ella- 
combe,  Bittan  I'lcarage. 

Variegated  Oriental  Plane.— H'.  H.  M.  wishes 
to  know  where  this  can  be  obtained.  Piease  note  it  is 
the  Orientcil  Pl^ne  that  is  asked  for, 


124 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  25,  18 


Siarluls. 

CO  VENT   GARDEN',    July    23- 
Very  heavy  supplies  this  week,  and  prices  have  been 
firm   at  a  reduction.    James  Webber,    Wholesale  Apple 
Market. 


Cherries,  ^-sieve 
Currants,  red,  %■'. 
—  black.  J4-siev 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries,  J^-sI 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


—Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Lemons,  per  case  ..15  0-30  1 
Melons,  each  ..20-3' 

Reaches,  per  doz.  . .  20-8. 
Pine-apples.  Eng.,lb.  20-3. 
—  St.  Micnael,  each  26-51 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  o  3-  o  ■ 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


:.  d.    S.  d. 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

per  dozen  . .         ..30- 
Asparagus,    English, 

per  bundle  ..16- 

Beans,  ling.,  per  lb.  o  9- 
Beet,  per  dozen  . .  i  o- 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  -6- 
Carrots,  per  bunch. .  o  6- 
Cauliflowers,  Eng- 
lish,spring, perdoz.  2  o- 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  6- 
Cucumbers,  each  ..06- 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..20- 
Garlic,  per  lb.  ..   o  6- 

Hcrbs,  per  bunch    ..02- 

PoTATOS.— English,  new, 


....,...-  Radish,  bun. 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz. 
—  English  Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch.. 
Mushrooms,  basket.. 

_     ,  per  bushel. . 

Spring,  per  bun. 
Parsley,  per  bunch.. 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  do 
Small    salading,    per 

Spinach,  per  bushel  4  ' 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  1  ( 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  ■ 


Appointed  by  Royal  Warrant  Makers  to 

Her  Majesty  tbe  Queen  and  His  Royal  Hlgbness  the 

Prince  of  Wales. 

GREEN'S 

PATENT 

"  Silens  Messor"  and  "  Multum  in  Parvo" 

LAWN  MOWERS 

Have  been  proved  to  be  the  best,  and  ihey  have  earned  off  every 
Prize  in  all  cases  of  competition.  _  ,  ■  t  ^• 

Rverv  Lawn  Mower  IS  guaranteed  to  Eive  entire  satlslaction, 
olherJse  .h"y  may  be  returned  AT  ONCE,  Tree  ol  cost  to  the 
Purchaser, 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Pric 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-ii 
Arbor-vitae   (golden), 

per  dozen  . .  ..6  o-il 
—  (common),  dozen  6  o-i: 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  o-i: 
Bouvardia,  dozen  ..  90-1: 
Calceolarias,  doz.  ..40-1 
Carnations,  12  pot  ...  6  o-i 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  o~i 


Dr; 


per  dozen 


tertninali; 


Euonyn 


idis,  per  doz..  la  0-24  o 


'30  0-60  o     Myrtles,  per  dozen 


,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  P 


Abutilon.  12  bunches  i 
Arum  Lilies,  12  bims.  ; 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  t 
Carnations,  12  bun...  ; 

Cornflower,    12  bun.  ; 
Eschscholtzia,  12  bun  : 
Eucharis,    per  dozen 
Gardenias,  la  blooms 
white,  12 


bloom 
Lilium     longiflorun 


2  bio 


06-1. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL  HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15,000  01  THE  Nobility.  Gentry,  and  Clergy. 

Is  extensivelv  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WOKK,    CONSEKVATOKIES, 

Greenliouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations, 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-Jree. 

C  ARSON  '  S  , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

I,ONDX)N,  E.C.  : 

21  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN. 

Discmint  fir  Cask. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


Myo-  - 
Pelargoni 

—  scart 
Picotees, 
Pinks,  var.,  12  bun 
Primula,double,  bun 
Rhodanlhe,  12  bun 
(indoor),  doz 

—  per  doz.-  bunch< 

—  Moss,  lalun 
Spirsea,  12  bunchc 
Stephanotis.  12  spi 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bi 
Sweet  Sultan,  per 

bunches     . . 
Tropteol 


Marguerites,  12  bun 
Mignonette,  12  bun. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  July  22.— There  was  but  Utile  business 
transacted  on  the  Seed  Market  to-day.  New  English 
Trifolium  is  now  coming  to  hand,  and  opens  at  moderate 
prices — the  quality  also  is  very  satisfactory.  French 
Trifolium  continues  too  dear  (or  English  buyers.  New 
Rape  seed  is  obtainable  at  rather  low  rates.  There  is 
nothing  doing  in  Clover  secjds.  For  sowing  white 
Mustard  seed  there  is  an  improved  sale.  Feeding  Lin- 
seed is  firmer.  The  bird  seed  trade  is  dull  and  neglected. 
Jolin  Shaw  &•  Sons,  Slid  Mercliants,  37,  Mart  Lane, 
London,  E.C.  

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
was  very  quiet,  with  small  supplies.— Quotations  :— 
Clover,  prime,  Sos.  to  1051. ;  prime  second  cut,  851.  to 
1075.;  inferior,  60J.  to  75J. ;  hay.  prime,  701.  to  98J.; 
inlerior,  20s.  to  6oj. ;  and  straw.  28J.  to  38J.  per  load. — 
On  Thursday  there  was  a  fair  supply  on  sale.  The 
trade  was  dull,  especially  for  Clover,  but  prices 
without  alteration. 


POTATOS. 

The  Borough  and  Spitalfields  Markets  reports  state 
that  supplies  come  to  hand  moderately,  and  the  trade 
is  slow,  but  prices  upheld.  Quotations  ;— Essex  Shaws. 
izos.  to  1301.;  Early  Roses,  90J.  to  ioos.\  Jersey  kid- 
neys. 150^.  to  160J. ;  ditto  rounds,  looi.  to  120J. ;  Cher- 
bourg rounds,  looj.  to  120J.  per  ton.— The  imports  into 
London  last  week  consisted  of  2371  boxes  from  Cher- 
bourg, and  2157  boxes  478  cases  from  Barfleur. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week ;— East  Wylam,  15J.  6d.  ;  Holywell  West 
Hartley,  14J.  6<i.  ;  Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  i,^.  ^d. ; 
Walls  End— Tyne  (unscreened),  lis.  3d.  ;  Hetton, 
15J.  6d. ;  Hetton  Lyons,  13^.  6d.  ;  Lambton,  15J.  6d. ; 
Wear,  14J. ;  East  Hartlepool,  14J.  6d. ;  Tees,  i$s.  dd. 


CATALOGUE  Free       Please  name  this  far 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA     WORkb       \VOLVERH\MPTOV 
And  ij9  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London   E  C 

GARDEN 
S 


NETTING. 


Warranted 


Price  List  free  on  appUcation. 

The   above    Machines   can   be   had    ol   all   respectabl 
mongers  and  Seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
the  Manufaaurers, 

THOMAS  GBEEN  &  SON 

(LIMITED), 

SMITHHELD  IE0NW0EK8,  LEEDS;  and 

SURRET  WORKS,  BLAOKFRIARS  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.E. 

Carriage  paid  to  all  the  Principal  Railway  Stations  m 

the  United  Kingdom. 


A.      SANDS 

(Successor  to  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds.  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 

Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

!o,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 

TANNED     GARDEN    NETTING. 

.  yard    wide  . .     Hd-  per  yard  |  3  yards  wide  ..   :i%d.  per  yard. 

J  yards  wide  . .   ij^d.  per  yard  I  4  yards  wide  . .   3^.      per  yard. 

500  yards  and    upwards  delivered  free  to  any  part. 

GKEENHOXJSE    SHADINGS. 

SCRIM,     TIFFANY     and     COTTON      NETTING. 
A  set  of  samples,  with  prices,  post-free. 

RUSSIA   MATS,    RAFFIA,    TOBACCO  PAPER,    PEAT, 

SILVER  SAND,  COCOA  FIBRE  REFUSE, 

GARDEN    TOOLS,  &c.,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

Descriptive  CA  TA LOGUE  post-free  on  application. 

JAMES    T.    ANDERSON, 

149.  Commercial  Street,  Shoreditcti,  London,  E.  _ 

TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  .^hading,  from  2d.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tymg. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.   BUCKBURN  AND  SUNS,  4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street, 
London,  E.C.  ___^ 

ROTECT  YOUR  FRUITfrom  theBIRDS, 

when  you  can  get  iS  square  ynds  of  BEST  NETTING 
or  24  yards  of  SECOND  QUALIIY  NETITNG  for  it  This 
Net  has  been  through  a  process  to  preserve  it  from  the  sea 
thereby  making  it  better  than  new  Net.  but  is  shrunk  too  much 
for  my  fishing  purpose.  Supplied  any  widlh,  carnage  paid 
on  all  Orders  over  51.     Addiess.  „        c 

JAMES  GASsON,  Cinque  Port  Street,  Rye,  Sussex. 

RCHID  BASKETS,  RAFTS,  BOATS,  &c., 

including  Copper  Pins  and  Wires,  3  inches,  41.  bd.  ; 
,'A  inches,  5s.  ;  4  inches,  51.  6d  ;  4%  inches,  fs.  6f.  ;  5  inches, 
,s.  id  :  6  ir  ches.  Sr.  bd.  ■  7  inches,  .or.  6J. ;  8  inches,  isj.  6i.; 
0  inches,  141.  6d  ;  10  inches,  17s.  6d.  :  11  inches,  21J.  6d.  : 
12  inches.  24s.  6d.  Rafts  id..  Boats  I'Ad ,  Cylinders  2jl.  per 
inch  run.   Samples  of  twelve  Baskeu,  Rifi,  Boat,  and  Cylinder, 

J.  e!  BONNY,  88,  Downs  Park  Road.  Hackney,  London,  E  , 
Grower  of  the  leading  Varieties  of  Orchids. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 


3  the 


(Lr 


Have  attached  I 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 
Machinery,  for  the  Mauufacture  ot 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
GreenliouBes,  Garden  Seats,  &;c , 


,ety 


Full  piiticiilars  may  be  had  on  applicalion  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


125 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSE. 


Vinery  of  the  b( 
moderate  price. 

ESTI  M  ATES.-The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING  COM- 
PLETE,  by  out  own  men.  wiihin  15  miles  of  London  Bridge, 
including  building  dwarf  wall  -i  feet  6  inches  high  in  9-inch 
brickwork  all  round,  and  erecting,  painting,  and  glazing  green- 
house in  the  best  style. 

HEATING  APPARATUS  —This  consists  of  a  Loughborough 
Hot-water  Apparatus,  complete  with  syphon,  flue-pipe,  and  a 
ich  pipe  along  one  side  of  the  hou-es  under 
6  feet  wide, 


double  ro\ 

12  feet  wide  one  tide  and  one  end  of  hi 

and  boih  sides  and  one  end  of  houses  above  thi 

tested,  painted,  and  left  in  proper  working  ordi 


'idih,  all  fixed, 


Pnce  of                    Heating 

Ltnglh.                 Widih.                   House.                  Apoaratus 

■'« 8ft Ito    0     ..      ..       C^  ,, 

■5f> 9''- 

.      ..       i,%a    0     ..      ..       Zi     5 

.      ..       i4^  10     ..      ..       jCS  .5 

■<5  fi 15  ft. 

.      ..       £sl    0     ..      ..     £to  ,5 

30  (t .5  ft. 

.      ..       £t     0     ..      ..     £,2     5 

35  ft 16  ft. 

.     ..      £fg  10     ..     ..     .£.3    5 

4'f' 17  ft. 

.     ..     ;£...    0     ..     ..     £A    0 

.       ..      ;<:i46   10      ..       ..      £,6   JO 

6jft 20  ft. 

.      ..     £<g:i    0     ..      ..     i,2)    0 

.EAN-TO    GREENHOUSE 

As  above,  but  with  Hot-water  Pipes  from  end  to  end 

only,  in  all  sizes. 

Price  of                  Heating 

Length.               Width.                  House.                 Apparatus 

lolt 6ft /,9  ,0     ..     ..       l^    5 

12  ft 8  ft.     .. 

IS  ft TO  ft.      .. 

.       ^29  10     ..      ..       16     5 

20ft 12ft.       .. 

.       £\a    0     ..      ..       ;£6  15 

.       £$%    0     ..      ..       £j  ,1 

30  ft 13  ft.    . . 

.       .£66     0     ..      ..       £i  10 

35  ft 14  ft.  .. 

.       £83     0     ..      ..     £,0  10 

40  ft 15  ft. 

.     £..=    0     ..     ..     £„     5 

SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PARTOFTHE  COUNTRY, 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon 
•  I  their  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  for 
Conservalorie.s  Greenhouse.^,  and  Horlicultural  Buildings  of 
every  description  PREPARED  AND  FURNISHED  FREE. 

ILLUSTKATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE  ON 
APPLICATION. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^Str^lEc.""!  LONDON  BRIDGE. 

RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


Numerous  Medals 


NORTH  OF  ENGLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS, 

DARLINGTON. 


TCLASSHOHSES&ttEATWG: 


B:W.\\^K«UEST 


LSIa,  BKADTOKT  STB££T,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


l^ 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES, 


wiihou 


The   above 
Frame  for  Plant  Growini 
possess  one.      The  sashe 
the  boxes  are  .put  togethi 


exception  the  most  useful  kii 
and  every  one  with  a  garden  >V 
urn  right  over  one  on  the  other 
with  wedges^and  can  be  taken  ; 
d  prices,  carriage  paid  lo  any  st 
England,  ready  glazed  and  painted:  — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  15     ( 
12  (eet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,        ,,  415     c 

6  feet  long.   5  feci  w.uc,  „  .,         .,  3   '5     ( 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  „         „  6  10    ( 

'1  he  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  m. 


B.      HALLIDAY      <fc      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WdRKS,   MIDDLETON, 
MANCHESTER. 

R.     HOLLIDAY, 


SWING      WATER      BARROWS. 


SEATS  *ilh  Awning. 

CHAIRS  with  Spring  Bottom  and  Back. 

CHAIRS  in  Rustic  Iron  Work. 


For  GARDEN  and  CONSERVATORY  WIRE  WORK, 

see  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

R.      HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE  WORKER, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.G. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  wHl  give  estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES-  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

lat,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stage*, 
sent  post-free  en  application. 


J.    B.    BROWN    &    CO.'S 

GALVANISED  CORRUGATED  IRON 
ROOFING  SHEETS. 

{B  B    CANNON    BRAND). 

GUARANTEED  QUALITY. 


fhijuii 


At  much  Reduced  Prices  per  sheet,  per  cwt.,  per  ton. 
Ext'a  Superior  JET  BLACK  VARNISH. 

Not  to  be  Equalled. 
PRIGE3.— In  Casks  of  36  and  18  gallons,  \s.  U. 
per  gallon,  carriage  free  to  any  railway  station.  NO 
CHARGE  FOR  CASKS.  May  be  applied  by  any  one, 
drying  a  beautifully  smooth  and  hard  jet  black  very 
quickly. 

J.    B.    BROWN    &    CO., 

Offices  :  90,  CANNON  STREET,  LONDON,  B.C. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL.  NORWICH." 

SMALL,    HAMDT,    LEAN-TO    FRAUES. 


TWO-LIGHT  FRAMES,  6  feet  by  4  feet,  painted  three 
coats,  and  glued  with  21-oz.  English  glass.  Carriage 
paid,  price  £2  2s. 

If   with    hinges,   set'Oties  and    prop,   as    shown,    price 
£2  10s.  6d.     Packing  3a.,  allowed  in  full  if  returned. 


lade,  9  feet  by 


THREE. LIGHT    FRAME, 
4  feet,  price  £3. 

If   with  hinges,    set-opes,   and  prop,  as   si 
£3  lOS.       Packing  4s.,  allowed  in  full  if  reti 


No.  T4.-Tlirae-quaTter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 


REDUCED  CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Paid. 


Size.              Length. 

Width. 

Price 

.  Packing  Case 

No.  a      ..      8  feet     . 

.     6  feet 

..    /4   .a 

6     ,.     s«. 

.     6  feet 

..       6     <, 

No.  4       . .      16  feet     . 

.     6  (eet 

..80 

Height  in  front  it  inche 

.  back  aa 

inches,  cen 

tre  33  inches. 

Lights  made  to  turn 

over.     Se 

-opes  for  V 

ntilating. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Ka 

IwayStal 

ti.d  and  Wales 

also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin  and  Belfast. 
Prks  Liiti  foit  frri.     Illuitmted  Catalogues  1 


:  stamp!. 


SKINNED  &  BOARD,  BnlbTOL, 

HOaTICULTURU   BUILDERS   h   HOT-iVATER   ENGINEERS, 
PATENTEES 


VENETIAN 

FRUIT  k  FLOWER  =^ 


OPEN 

FOR 

VENTILATION 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Caritiiiers'  Magazint  says  :— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Suatford.on-Avon. 


126 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


guLY  25,  1885. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Line  charged  '-  *"  " 


4  Lines. ../o 

5  „     ...    o 

6  „     ...   o 

7  „     -   o 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 


15  Lines. 

16  „     . 

17  „     . 

18  „     . 

19  ,,     • 

20  „     . 

21  „    . 
22 
23 
24 
25 


£0    8    6 


10  6 

1 1  o 
II     6 


...    o   12     6 


s 


ILVER      SAND,     excellent      coarse,     "s- 

PEAT,  excellent  quahiy.  Os  .  81  and  loj.  per  cubic 
qualily,    loi.   per   cubic    yard.       K> 


_._.     l.OAM, 
riicklaads      In  cas 
W.  SHORT,  H 


G 


ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Slicks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Colli.     Raffia    Mais.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Worn,   Manuies,  &c.       Ch-apest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lowei  ThaaiesSc,  London,  ll-.t-. 

The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Kecently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


Page  *9     °     » 

Half  Page 500 

Column       350 

OARDENEES.  and  OTHEKS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

1,6  words  IS.  bd..  and  bd.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  Q  words)  or  part  of  a  line 

THESE    ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST    BE    PREPAID. 

IMPOR  TANT  NOTICE.  -  f-t;''!^:""  "posl  ''mce"'as 
arainst  h^ing  Letter!  addressed  to  In,t,als  at  /""/'",.«/"•"" 
all  Letters  si  addressed  are  ofened  by  the  autliortties  ana 
returned  to  the  sender.  ,  :„,„,,:«« 
D  ,  .^uc  T%H»TH.;  and  MARRIAGES.  5J.  each  insertion. 
Ad^::ti:il\e'^U%Ttkrc,^ent  u.eek  m'ust  rcacH  tke  Office 
by  Thursday  noon. 

AU  SubacrlptlonT  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :    12  Months,  .<;i  33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months.  113.  Ud.  ;    3  Months    63 

Foreign   (exceplinK    Ind.a   and    China)  :    including     Postase, 

fl  63.  lor  12  Months:    '"".a  and  China    £1  83.  20. 
Post.office   Orders  to  be  made  P|y»bJ^=|^^''j'   DRUkV  LANt. 

PtJBLISHING  OF;;^^i:;;dO^^I^^ta^VERTISEMENTS. 
41,  Wellineton  Street.  Strand.  London.  «  L.  _ 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

uf  every  desciiption  for  Healing  Apparatus. 
THr     I  ^RCFST    STOCK    IN    THE    KlNrPOM 


Notice  to  OrcUd  Growers.  &c. 

TEAK-WOUD,  for  Orchid    Baskets  ;     i^ak- 
v/oodTUBS   for  Plants;  Bamboo  CANE-,  for  Siakmg. 
pTjIAR^NJm;;^^."^^ 

V  takFIwtTce  of  X 

WOOD  JlMILIOj^'S  _PATENT. 

me  Future  Boiler  for 
Nurserymen  and  Gardeners, 


HIGH   and  LOW  FKLSiURL  1  d  H    1  MK  HF\TING 

APPARATLS  ERECTED  a  d  GL  AkAMELU 

FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 

Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 


Advantages  over  all  other  inven. 

I  tions.  Price  Listlreeonapphcatitn, 

Please  write  yout  addrosesplaiulj 

J.      WOOD,  Hot-water^Eogineer, 

RUDGEVVAY    HOU.se.    E.\STVILLE.    BRISTOL, 
Kosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in     maleiials    of     great     durabdity.      .Ihe 
plainer    sons   are  specally  ^ 


.uited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  thiy  har- 
bjur  no  Slugs  or  Instcls, 
take   up    little    room,    and, 


jfeoSi^t. 


21-OZ.  F,.reisn  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
jds  and  4ths  qu.iUlies.  always  kept  in  stock.  . 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sues  ot  15-02.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes.  _  ,     .,    .,-       ,, 

Propagaiing  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34   St.  Jolms  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  Loiidon,  E C 

Srxi  List  ani  Ir.ces  c;  a.'^/'lkation.     Quote  Cn,«mcle. 

OU  Pahit  no  Longer  Necessajy- 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

Preserving  Ironwo  k.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Registered  Trade  Mart.) 


H 


further    labour  or  expense,  ^-    * 

as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  supeiior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackftiars.  S.E  ;  Kirg's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kinesland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES;  also 
for   FdXLEVS    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

Illu.trated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  BalcoDie.=,  &c., 
from  3s  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  andTdes 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  Sc. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above^ 

I     L    "V     E     R  S     AND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 

Lickload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 

iny  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 


s 


FLINTS  „..„  ... 
KENT  PEATS 


id  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rock^ 

LOAM   supplied  at  lowest 


ROSHER  AND  CO.- A''dresses  see  above. 
N.B.— Ordeis  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whai 


A  liberal  Disc 


the  Trade. 


IRISH 


FISH  NAPKINS,  2i.  tirf  per  dozen.  DINNER 
NAPKINS.  55.  6t/.  per  doz.  TABLE  CLOTHS, 
a  yards  square,  as.  ltd.  TABLE  CLOTHS. 
I'A  by  3  yards,  5s  tid.  each,  KITCHEN 
TABLE  CLOTHS,  iijjj.  each  LINEN 
SHFETING,  5  Yds.  wide,  ti.  iid.  peryard. 
FINE  LINENSand  LINEN  DIAPERS, 

HAMAQk  ""^ '■"»'*■   SURPLUS 

UrtlVIMOIX  LINEN,  S'Ad.  per  yard. 
LINEN  DU--TtKS  3s,  ^d  per  dozen. 
Gl  ASS  Cl.llTHS,  41  6d.  pel  doz.  Strong 
HUCKABACK    10VVELS,    4s.  6(/  dozen. 

„1ABLE&  HOUSE  LINEN 

Samples  and  Price  Lists  post-free. 
ROBINSON  & CLEAVEK, to  H.M.  the Queen,&c. , BELFAST. 


Childri 


ND  CLFAVER     BELFAST 


1/3  I  Hemstitched. 
a/6  Ladies'. .3/11 
3/8  Gents'  . .  6/9 
per  dozen.  |  per  dozen. 
All  Pure  Flax. 
"  The  Cambrics 

_ POCKET  ?LE^v.Trve^ 

cess  of   Ger-  world-widefame." 

many.  Queen. 

ROBINSON    HANDKERCHIEFS 


FOR  PASTRY, PUDD!NCS,TEA- CAKES 
AND   Vi/HOLESOME    BREAD. 


A         M.     C.      loNGKlNDT      CONINCK, 

Xi-.  Tottenham  Nurseries,  at  Dedemsvaart  near  Z^olle. 
Neiheilands,  begs  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  lew  VACANCIES 
for  young  GENl'LEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 
tuition  m  PRACTICAL  and  SCIENIIFIC  HORTICUL- 
TURE, LANGUAGES.  &c.— For  reference  apply  to  M'. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,  The   Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham, 


.  N. 


I  J. .  ; 

WAN TLU,  a  GARDENER,   good    Single- 
handed  ;  large    Kilchen  and  Ornamenlal   Garden,   a 
litile   Glass,  Wall  Fruit,   and    Meloi.s.  tut    no    Vines.     Occa- 
A  strong   man    required  -Mrs.   THORP, 


Thorp  Coombe,  Clay  Sti  -  -  ,  

W/ANTED,    as    GARDENER,    a    steady, 

»  V       industrious  man.-Three  small  HouSiS,  little  Forcing  J 


a33.=.a.,v^  "..-..  wanted.  Wag 
able.— Apply,  with  reference. 
Farm,  Tottenham,  London. 


1  THOMAS  S.   WARE.  Hale 


Gardener. 

WANTED,  a  Man  and  Wife,  as  GAR- 
DENER and  LAU^  DRESS.  He  must  be 
ihoioughly  experienced  in  Giowing  Grapes,  and  well  up  in  all 
branches  ;  and  his  wile  a  thuroughly  good  Laundress.  Good 
Wages  and  a  comfortable  dwelling.— Address,  by  letter,  to 
R.  P.,  1'onge  HoU'C.  Lower  Norwoad.  S  E. 


/  GARDENER    WANTED    for    Beckenham, 

Or  Single  HANDED.  —  Address,  stating  age,  past  experi- 
ence, wage.,  and  whether  married,  to  GARDENER,  Hou.e- 
keeper,  3^.  Mark  Lane.  London,  E.C. 


The  Eln 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  fo-  oil  o.amt 
all  outdoor  wo.k.  while  K  is  fully  two-third.  cheaper  It  was 
introducrd  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitatori  i$  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labour,  r,  requires  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received.  „  „,ii„„ 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  IJ.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  ij.  Zd.  per  gallon  carnage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 
-Pierce field  P.,rk,  Jmie  2.,  ^tf-"'',}  h»''=  "';'  <'>)' 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varni,h  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.-I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
specifullv.  \\  M,  Cox  "  .  ,  -     ,     ,  .L  . 

C.J''r/OA'.-HlLL&  Smith  would  particularly -warn  thetr 
,, — :.,..  ..he  various  cheap  Vainishes  now  so  much 

most 


ANTED,     a    SINGLE-HANDED 

GARDENER.      Wile  to   undertake   Laundry.— M., 

....^s.  Hampton. 

WANTED,  an  UNDER  GAKDhNER,  in 
the  L.land  of  Jersey.  Reference  to  previous  enifbjer 
rtquired.  Wages  .iji  per  week.  Is  boarded  by  Head  Gardener 
at  lo'.  per  week,  washing  and  linen  mending  included.— 
Address,  stating  age,  and  full  particulars,  A  X.  Z.,  Njiiraont 
Manor,  Jersey. 

WAiNTED,  a  GARDENER  and  PORTER, 
at  the  Huntingdon  Counly  Haspltal,  without  family. 
Wages  iSi.  per  week  and  lodge,  tartly  lurnished.— F.  J. 
HO*SON.  Ksq^,  Huntingdon. 

A  N  r  E^D ,       a       JOURNEYMAN 
GARDENER    or    IMPROVER.        Country,    near 
L>ndon.     Care  of  Conservatory.     Man  anxious  to  g.  t  on  pre- 
ferred     Wages  i6t  ,  and  bothy— J.  G..    Davies  &  Co.,  Adver- 
tising Agents,  Finch  Lane,  Cornhill,  EC. 

Nursery  Foreman  Wanted. 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  fOREMAN,  in 
a  Provincial  Nursery.  Must  be  an  expeit  Budder 
and  Grafter,  with  a  gocd  knowledge  of  Fin  t  liees.  Evergreens. 
&c.,  and  be  competent  to  execute  orders.  Liberal  wages  offered 
to  a  suitable  man.  —  Apply,  stating  age,  relerence,  Stc,  to 
JNO.  JEFFERIE^AND  SON^Cirences^r.   

WANTED,  for  the  Indoor  Department  at 
cur  Coombe  Wood  Nurseiy,  a  )  oung  m,»n.  as 
ASSISTANT  PROPAGATOR  ;  to  live  in  roims  on  the  place  ; 
one  who  has  had  experience  in  the  Prof  a  gallon  of  Conifeiie, 
Shrubs,  Climbing  Plants,  Rhododendrons,  &c  -Apply,  stating 
full  particulars  of  experience,  references,  s%c  .  to  JAMES 
VEITCH  AND  SONS.  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


used. 


ish  has  been  l 


tide  of 


H.  &  S.'s  varnisn  nas  uccii  a., -....-..-  ...  ............  . 

of  ihe  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwa.ds  of  thirty  years 
and  their  c.mstantly  increasing  trade  11.  it,  and  the  nun.erous 
Testimon.als  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  aiticle. 
Every  ca-k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Maik  as  abeve,  wiihoui  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entiaiice  Gates   &c  ,  sent  free  on  application  to 

■HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  196,  St.  Vmcent 
Street,  Glasgow. 


WANTED,    ONE   or  TWO  good  ROSE- 
BUDDERS.-Apply,    stating    terms,    &c.,    to    WM. 
PAUL  AND  SON.  Walthamt^ross,  Herts. 


WANTED,   a  young   MAN,   in  a   Market 
Nursery,   willing    to  make    himself   useful.— FORE- 
MAN, 114,  Loughborough  Road.  Brixton,  S.W. 

ANTED,   an  active   WORKING  MAN, 

to    take  Charge  of  a  Lawn.      One  man  under  him.— 
The  GARDENER.  Dover  House  Gardens,  Roehampton,  S,  W. 

ANTED,    a    young   MAN,    who    under- 
stands modem  Beekeeping,  to  Superintendent  a  large 
private  Apiary,  and  to  assist  in  a  Garden.— Apply  by  letter, 
stating    last    employment,     and     wages     required,     to     Mrs. 
ALLISON,  Town  Court.  Orpington,  Kent. 

WANTED,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man, 
with  a  good  general  knowledge  r,f  Trees  and  Planf,  to 
ac>  as  a  SALESMAN  and  an  ORDER  CLERK,  and  possibly 
to  occasionally  take  a  j-iuri  ey.— Applicants  will  please  furi,i,h 
particulars  as  to  age,  experience,  &c.,  in  their  own  hindwriting, 
io  RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  St.  Johns  Nuiseries, 
WArr..^.er^ 

ANTED,  a  young  WOMAN,  in  a  Florist 

"usiness.       Must    have   had    gocd   expeiience   in  the 
-Apply  by  letter  to    Mr.  EDWARDS.  34,  Devon- 


w 


shire  Road,  Forest  Hill,  Kent. 


July  25,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


127 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  atid  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  J, ill  from  negotiating  it. 

JV.B. — The  best  and  sajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENKR,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Latiies  and  Gentlemen  requirine  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made- — Holloway,  N. 

'po     NOBLEMEN,     GENTLEMhN,     cite, 

-L      requiring     smart,     sound,     and    thoroughly     compeierit 


To     LANDED    PKOPRIETORS,    tic— A 
McIntvre  (late  of  Victoria   Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formation  and    H-intina  of  NewGirden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.      Plans  prepared, 
ris,  l-i^tria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N 


OiCHAKD      SMITH 

-LIj     bee   to   announce    that    they  are    co 
applications    from    Gardeners,    seeking    siti 
they   will   be    able   to   supply  any    Lady   o 
pulicubrs.  &C.-St.  Jrhn',  Nurseries.  Wore 

AND  CO. 
nslantly  receiving; 
ations,     and    ihat 

GeDtleman   wiih 

/4.AKDEN,    or    GARDEN     and    ESTATE 

VJ  MANAGER.  —Age  43;  has  had  over  thirty  \ears' 
(xperience.  Understands  Laying  out  New  Ground-,  R  ads, 
Walks,  &c.  Can  prepare  Sketches  and  Plans  for  ihe  Erection 
o(  Glass  Houses.  Would  undenake  the  Layi.ig-oul  of  a  New 
Place,  or  the  Reinodelline  of  Old  one;  and  with  view  to 
permanent  Head  Gardener,  or  not,  as  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or 
Gentleman,  may  desire.  Has  had  40  hands  under  him  in  present 
situation,  where  he  has  been  5)^  veais.— PLUS  UbTRA, 
Catdemrs'  ChronitleOKtai.  4t. Wellington  Street,  Strand.  VV.C. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Florists 

MANAGER. — Capable  of  Managing  a  Large 
Florist's  or  Nurseiy  Basiness.  Well  up  in  all  branches 
of  the  professitn  First-class  hand  at  niakinc-up  Wreaths, 
Crosses,  Bouquets,  Lady's  Sprays,  &c.  — Q  J.,  Canieitcrs' 
C/i>-CT»V/<  Office,  41.  Wellington  Siieet.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

GARD  E  N  E  R  (  H  ead).— Understands^Early 
and  Late  Forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables. 
Fourteen  years' character  from  last  employer.— L.  I'ANSON, 
Foxley    Hereford. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  31,  married  ; 
Scotch.  Fltlten  years'  experience  in  all  branches- 
Four  years'  good  character  from  present  employer. — W.  R., 
HerueRoatl^  Diiton  Hill.  Surre^;^ 

G'  ARDENlTillHEAD).— Age  27  ;  thoro^ugh 
practical  t.\petience  with  Orchids,  Plants,  Ftuir, 
Forcing,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Fxctllcnt  cha- 
racter.-H.  PAYNE,  i.  North's  Terrace,  Blackhouse  Lane. 
Wahhamstow. 

GARDENER  (He,\D).— Age  3S  ;  twenty 
years*  thorough  praciical  experience  gained  in  ail 
branches,  including  Orchids.  Fully  competent  to  Manage  a 
first-class  place.  Ten  years'  first-rale  references  as  to  ability,  &c. 
—  H.  G.,  Ivy  House,  Balham  Hill,  S. W. 

GARDENER    (Head);   age  34,    married.— 
E.  M/ISON.  Esq.,   Spiral  House,  Chesterfield,  would  be 
E leased    to    rtccmmend  a  practical  man    that   has  been  with 
im,  temporarily,  over  twelve  months,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man requiring  the  same.     Good  previous  testimonials. 

GAKDENER  (Head).— Age  26,  married  ; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kilchen  Gardening.  Twoyears  Fore- 
man in  present  place.  Gooi  re  erences.  Abstainer. — A.  B., 
5,  Dyer's  Lane,  Richmond  Road,  Putney.  S  W. 

C4.ARDENER  (He.ad).  — Mr.  P.  C.  Hard- 
J  WICKE  wishes  to  highly  recommend  his  late  Head  Gar- 
dener, who  lived  fifteen  >ears  at  Hollanden,  Tonbridge,  to  any 
one  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man.  —  P.  C  HABD- 
WICKE.  Esq.,  2,  Hereford  Gardens.  Park  Lane,  W. 

OJ.ARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
*  are  kept.- Canon  Hole,  Caunton  Manor,  Newark-on- 
Trent.  recommends  H  Dowding,  who  has  lived  with  him  for 
live  years,  as  well  qualifitd  in  every  way  for  the  siiualion. — 
Apply.  H-  DUWDlts-G,  Ditchampton.  Wilton.  Salisbury. 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  27,  single,  Pro- 
testant.-Mr.  Ward,  Gatdener  to  Lord  Windsor.  Hewell 
Grange,  Bromsgrove.  can  thoroughly  recommend  Howard 
Chesshire,  late  Gardener  to  Mons  Eckhardt-Fould,  Rue  de 
Havre,  Havre.  France,  as  above  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly  experienced 
man  in  all  branches  of  the  profession  Has  also  served  as  Fore- 
man several  years'  at  Chateau  du  Val,  Seine  et  Oise.  France, 
and  also  with  advertiser  in  the  extensive  Gardens  at  Hewell 
Grange.     Good  references.— Address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
married  ;  good  practical  kncwiedge  of  Gardemi  g  in  all 
branche"..  Eight  jears-'eood  character  frcm  last  place  — 
GARDENER,  89,  Stf.ke  Newington  Road    N 

C::j,ARDENER  (Head  Working}.- Married, 
^  Scutch  ;  sixteen  years'  practical  txpetience  in  all 
branches,  1  hrce  years'  character  from  present  employer. — 
W.  M..(  Vr^ftnn  l.nHtje  '-'ottage,  Orpington.  Kent. 

GAKDLNER  (Head  Working).— Age  44, 
married  ;  twenty-eight  years'  piactioal  experience.  Well 
up  in  Forcing.  Good  Giaoe  Grower.  Can  also  Design  and 
Lay-out  Grounds.  Personal  character  if  necessary.  Abstainer. 
— W.  H.  M.,  Mr.  Smith,  Dorset  Street,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27  ; 
thorotighly  understands  Grapes,  Peaches,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening  Three 
years'  personal  character.— A.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Casino  House, 
Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

r .J A RDENER   (Head  Working),  or  where 

^  -*  one  or  more  are  kept.  —  Married,  three  children  (youngest 
3  years)  ;  understands  the  pro'ession  in  all  branches,  also  Land 
and  Stock.  Good  character.  — F.  B.,  Old  Bank  House,  Dart- 
ford.  Kent. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working),     where 

twoor  mere  are  kept.— Married,  three  children  ;  thoroughly 
versed  in  the  different  branches.  Has  filled  good  positions 
during  past  twelve  years  where  Frutt.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables, 
have  been  grown  in  large  quantities.  Good  ch.tracter.— FORt- 
MAN.  Bigg:s  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  \E. 

(:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— A  Lady 

V>*  can  highly  recommend  a  Giirdener  who  is  ihoiouehly  <  .v- 
perienced  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fruit,  Cut  Flowers, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Flower  and  Kilchen  Garden. 
Four  years'  excellent  character.- G.,  23,  Salisbury  Road,  Up.er 
Holloway,  London,  N. 

C:!  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE- 

Vj  MAN  —Age  27  .  active  and  industrious.  Thoroughly 
experienced  m  all  br.anches.  Excellent  references.— E.  VV.,  65, 
Bridge  Road  West,  Baltersea.  S  W. 

^^.ARDENER     (Head)     or     ORCHID 

VJ  GROWER. -Age  27.  ma.ried,  one  child  (age  13)  ;  first- 
class  e.xperience  in  leading  Gardens  and  Nurserie-.  Thoroughly 
understands  Orchids,  Ferns,  St^ve  and  Greenhouse  Plant", 
Vines.  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Flower  ■  and  Kilchen  Gardens. 
Flrst-ciass  character  and  references. -A.  B.  C,  Rote  Cotiaee, 
Lavender  Hill,  Chase  Side.  Etift.ld. 


GARDENER  (He.ad)  or  GARDENER  and 
BAILI  FF.-Age  4,.  no  l.iraly  ;  understands  every  b.anch 
of  the  pro'ession.  Teslimomals  and  le'crence  of  the  highest 
class.— J.  L.,  Mrs.  WiUidms.  12,  Bertha  Road,  Greet,  near 
Biimingham.        ^^J^^^ 

(  :j  AKDENER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ;  good 

V^"      knowledge  of  the  woik.      No  objeciim  to  help  out  if 
rrquired.      Good  .xperience.— A.  G  ,   Gothic  Cottage,   Charles 


(:j ARDENER     (Pr.actic.a.l    Working).- 

V-"      Age  30,  married,  one  child  (age  7) :  Vines,  Plant.e,  Flowi 
and    Kitchen   Garden.— A.  B,    Henley   Nursery,    Heniey-oi 


CIJ. ARDENER  (Single-handed    or    Head 
''      Working'. -Age  41  :  large  experience  in  all  bra,  ches. 
Gold     character.  —  A.    MACK.MURDO,     Halcyon    House. 


C:iARDENER     (Foreman,      or      Single- 
-"      HANCEI.).-Age  !4;  g,o.1  experience   in    all    branches. 


GJ.ARDENER     (good    SINGLE-HANDED),   or 
*      where    help    is    given.— Age    27 —G.    G.,    Clay    Hill, 
Lamberhurst,  Kent. 


O.ARDENER   (SINGLE-HANDED).  —  Age   28, 
V^      single  ;    good  experience.— A.  B  ,  10,  Campden  Street, 


GARDENER  (Single-handed).— Age  25, 
single  ;  eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Good 
character. -T.  W.,  3.  William's  Cottages,  Vauxhall  Place,  Low- 
field  Street.  Darllord,  Kent. 

/'^.ARDENER  (SECOND),  or  FIRST  JOUR- 

V_J  NEYMAN.  -Age  24:  ten  years'  experience  in  all 
branches.  Three  years'  good  character  from  pre-ent  employer. 
— T.  hill.  182.  Sunny  Hill  Road,  Streatham.  Surrey,  S.W. 


/^ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish- 

v^  ment.— Age  iS  ;  four  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer.-F.  RANSOM,  The  Gardens,  Woodstock  Paik,  Sit- 
tingbourne,  Kent. 

C^.ARDENER  (Under).— Age  20  ;  has  been 

VJi  working  in  Houses  in  Nursery.  Total  abstainer.  Good 
character. -J.    HUGHES.    12,   Harvard  Road,   Hither  Green, 


GARDENER(Under), or  JOURNEYMAN, 
in  a  good  establishment. — Age  24 ;  good  testimonials 
from  prtvious  situations.  Total  abstainer.— J.  JOHNSON, 
7,  Laurel  Villas,  Lower  Edmjnton.  Middlesex. 


ORCHID  GROWER,  or  ORCHID  and 
Pi  ANT  GROWER -A.l.er.ier  wou'd  be  pleased  to 
comtnuiiicate  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  good 
praciicrl  m.n.  Ha.  tweKe  year.'experience  in  above  capacities 
-G    CYPHER.  F.  Sander  &  1.0.,  Orchid  Importer.,  St,  Albans. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Accustomed  to 
take  entire  charge  ;  twelve  \ ears' experience.  Excellent 
character.— W.  MARTIN,  Rabley  Nursery,  South  Mims, 
Barnei,  London,  N. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good 
establishment.- Age  24  :  three  years  in  last  situation. 
Can  be  well  recommended.— E.  KIRBY,  Milltown.  Ashover, 
Chesterfield. 


To  Nuraerymen  and  Florists. 

FOREMAN,  or  to  .Manage  a  Branch,  or  would 
take  a  Department  in  a  L,irge  Establishment. — Twenty 
years'  practice  in  Growing  and  Foicing  Fiuits,  Flowers.  &c. 
Also  understands  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  Good  char- 
acter and  references.-H.  PESTRIUGE,  23,  Glenhurst  Road, 
Brenttord. 

17'OREMAN  (General).— Has  a  good 
knowledge  ol  O,  chids,  also  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture,  and 
Kilchen  Gar'en,  &c.-For  references.  &c  ,  address  J.  P.  J..  83, 
Loti  Road,  1  bel-ej,  S.W. 

FOREMAN  (General  or  Departmental). 

L  — Age  27:  ten  >  ears'  experience  in  Noblemen's  and 
Gentlematis  Gardens,  and  knowledge  of  House  Decoiatitn. 
Abstainer.  Well  recommended  from  past  and  present  employers. 
Leaving  through  place  changinghantls.  Distance  no  object.  State 
wages.— W.  HOPKINS,  Sandyford,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham. 


ATURSERY      FOREMAN. —  Many      years 

-^^  practical  experience  in  all  branches,  five  years  in  pre- 
sent situation  :  satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving.  A  thorough 
knowleilge  of  Landscape  Gardening.  Making  of  Plans,  Sc.  Can 
bi  well  recommended. -H.  H.,  Messrs.  Hurst  S:  Son,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London.  E. 

To  Nurserymen 
"PROPAGATOR  (Assistant,  Indoor),  in  a 

-L  good  Nuisery  —Age  18  1  active  and  wilUiig.  Good 
character.  Wages  moderate.  —  A  HILTON,  Bamham, 
Bognor^Sussex. 

TOUk NEYMAN  (First),  or  FOREMAN, in 

tf  the  Houses,  in  a  large  place.— Age  24;  nine  years' ex-' 
pe  ience,  thirteen  months' last  place,  three  years'  previous. 
Good  character.  Bothy  preferred.- A  TAYLOR,  Great 
Bentley  Green,  Essex. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  estab- 

'J  lishment  — Age  25;  ten  years' practical  experience  in  all 
branches.  Highly  rec<  mmended  — /.  K,,  The  Garde.ts,  Streat- 
ham Grove.  Norwood,  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN    (First),   in    the   Houses; 

O  age  23.-  Mr.  Silver,  Gaidener  to  Loid  Trevor,  can 
highly  recommend  his  First  Journe^  man  to  any  one  requiiing  a 
thoroughly  competent  trustworthy  yeung  man.  — Bi  jr.kinalt 
Gardens,  Chirk,  North  Wales, 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

^J  Age  19  :  six  years' experience  Good  character.  — JAMES 
BE.NCy,  Chew  Magna,  Bristol. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment 
where  Early  and  Late  Foicing  is  carried  out  withspirit.— 
Age  23  ;  Englishman  and  Churchman.  — F.  G.  SKKLTON 
'The  Gardens,  Bodorgan,  flangefni,  Anglesey,  North  Wales. 

JOURNEYMAN. —  Mr.  W.  Kemp   will    be 

'J  pleased  to  recommend  Harry  Edwaids  lor  Outdoor, 
Kitchen  Garden,  and  Pleasure  Ground.  Good  Mower.  Four 
years'  good  character.  —  WILLIAM  KEMP,  Albury  Park 
Gardens,  Guildford. 

JMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment, 

-■-  Indoors  and  Out  preferred. — Age  22;  Rood  rcftrence. — 
E.  RtFFOLD.  Ihe  Gaidens.  Peperharow,  Godalming. 

'yO     HEAD     GARDENERS.— Wanted,  by 

J-  a  youth  (age  17),  a  situation  in  a  good  Garden,  as 
IMPROVER,  where  he  could  gain  a  good  practical  knowledge 
of  the  profession.  Has  bten  ihree  year^  in  the  Garden.  Bothy 
preferred.  Woidd  pay  a  small  Premium —J.  SAUNDERS, 
Wooublne  Gardens,  Mamis  Road,  Suiibury  Common, 

'ITQ    GARDENERS. —  Wanted   to   place   a 

-L  youth  (ikte  17)  in  a  good  Garden  as  IMPRUVaK.  with 
Premium  —GARDENER.  Priory  Lodge,  tt.  Helen's,  Ryde, 
Isle  01  Wight. 

TO    NURSERYME  N.— A  young  man 
(age  22)  seeks  employment  in   a  Nursery   under  Glass. 

Well    experienced    in    Growing    Plants   for    Market W.  W., 

85.  Acre  Lane.  Brixton,  S.W. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS,  &c.— 
Wanted  by  a  young  man  (age  22}  a  situation  in  a  Nursery 
or  Gentleman's  Garden.  Used  to  Potting.  Budding,  and 
General  Nursery  Woik.  Good  character.- W.  F.,  Mrs.  Ives, 
Chase  Side.  Wmchmore  Hill,  N. 

'■po  NURSERYMEN,  GENTLEMEN,&c.— 

-L  Situation  wanted  ;  understands  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons, 
Cucumbers.  Tomatos.  &c.:  or  as  Handv-man,  Glazing,  Painting, 
f  )wn  tools.  Abstainer.  Or  would  Rent  empty  or  neglected 
Vineries-G.,  4,  Prospect  Road,  Childs  Hill.  Hendon,  N  W. 

TO~  SEe1)^SMEN  and  FLORISTS.  — 
Wanted,  a  situation  for  a  youth  (aged  17).  in  a  Seed  and 
Florist  Business.  Has  had  two  and  a  half  years'  practice  in 
a  London  House.— C.  OSMAN,  BailifT,  S.  M.  D.  Schools, 
Sutton,  Suney. 

SSISTANT     to    NURSERYMAN.— 

Advertiser,  of  good  address,  business  expeiience,  williog 
to  work,  and  fond  of  Horticulture,  seeks  an  appointment  where 
experience  in  the  trade  is  to  be  gauied.  Services  given  for 
modetatesalary.— A.  W.,  4,  Bouvene  Place,  Mount  Radford, 
Exeter. 

SHOPMAN  (AssiSTANT)7  or'  NURSERY 
CLERK — Age  27,  single:  twelve  years'  experience  in 
all  the  principal  br..nchef.  First-class  knowledge  of  Plants. 
Palms, and  Ferns.— L.  K.  R.,236,  BlackfriarsRoad,  London, S.E. 


CLERK,  or  TRAVELLER,  in  the  Nursery 
or  Seed  Trade. — Several  years'  experience.  A  good  Cor- 
respondent, and  thoroughly  conversant  in  both  branches. — 
K.  O.,  18,  Plato  Road.  Brixton,  London,  S.W. 

To  Nurserymen  and  SeedEmen. 

CLERK. — Age  24  ;  considerable  practical 
knowledge  and  experience  (acquired  in  Scotland). 
Knows  Plants.  Can  Test  for  Adulteration  in  Manures,  and  has 
made  a  special  study  of  ihe  Agricultural  Grasses,  &C.—T.  B, 
Gardentn'  Cltron:cli  Offtn,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. W.C 

HANDY-MAN  on  Gentleman's  Estate.— 
Well  experienced  in  Painting,  GUzing.  and  all  kinds 
of  Greenhouse  Repairs.  Well  recommended.— W.  W.,  2,  Elton 
Road.  Notbiton,  Kiogstnn-on-Tbaines. 

PAINTER,  &c.— By  Hour  or   Contract,  or 
constant  Woik   on  Estate.     Good  reference. -EMACJS, 
71,  Romany  Road,  Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—A  dequent  c.^nse  of  gout  and  rheumati  m  i^  the  in- 
flammatory state  uf  the  blood,  attended  with  bid  digestion  and 
general  debility  A  few  doses  of  the  PllU  taken  in  time  are  an 
effectual  preventive  aeainst  gout  and  ihi^umatism  Any  one  who 
ha-,  an  attack  of  eii  her  should  use  HoUoway's  Ointment  also,  the 
powtriul  ar'ion  of  which,  combined  wiih  the  operation  of  ihs 
Pills,  mu^t  infallibly  effect  a  cure.  These  Pills  act  directly  on  the 
blood,  which  thty  pun  y  and  improve  Having  once  subdued 
the  severity  of  these  diseases,  perseverance  wuh  the  Ointment, 
after  fomenting  the  affected  joints  with  warm  brine,  will  speedily 
relax  all  stiffness  and  prevent  any  pennanent  contraction. 


128 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JOLY  25,    1885. 


GREENHOUSES    OF    EVERY    KIND    DESIGNED,    ERECTED,    AND    HEATED. 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity,  at  prices  whicli,  owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  which  no  charge  la  made,  before  placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  free.     Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  eonteitning  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,   Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 

Foreini;  Houses,  &^e.,  recently  ended  by  M.  &r'  Co ,  for  24  stamps. 

MESSENGER  &   COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 

CONTRACTORS    TO  ^ER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


R 


UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


S.E., 


ivi'^' 


•^i^"^ 


Gold  Medal  BoUer. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  x^th  Edition, price  \s. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER     HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE,    KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,    LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;**  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covcnt  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Acnew,  &  Co.    Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
Slid  W:ll]AM  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  July  25,  1885. 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hkywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs  J.  Menzihs  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstai)liQi)eti  I84i. 


No.  605.— Vol.  XXIV.  {serI^s.}     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  i,  i! 


(Registered  at  the  General  1       Price  6d. 
Post-oflSce  as  a  Newspaper.  ?■_  ',  , 

WITH        SUPPLEMENT.   JPOST-FREE,    5W. 


CONTENTS. 


Aerides  Lobbi 

Agaves  in  Holland, 
flowering 

Antwerp  Congress 

Architecture  and  land- 
scape gardening 

Ayapana    . . 

Books  

Botany  of  South  Kent, 
the  

Chard  Nu 

Delph'ir^^' 


Mesembryanthemum 

edule       

Mormodes  luxatuni  punc- 

Obituary :— W.  Chater.. 
Old-fashioned  garden,  an 
Onosma  taurlcnm 
Orchid  notes 

Orchids,  naturalisation  of 

,,     terrestrial,  of  South 

Africa    .. 

Passion-flower,     fertilisa- 


sof 


;  of  bulbs  . 
"Familiar  Trees" 
Floral  illustrations 
Florida,     the      Italy     of 

Florists'  flowers  '.!  .. 

Forestry     ..  ..        142, 

Fruit  and  vegetable  farm- 
ing 
,,     crops  of  Nova  Sco- 

Fungus       poisonous      to 

pheasants      ..         .. 

Garden  pests,  how  to  pre- 

Hardy  Cacti  and'  Nym- 
phasa  alba  var.  rosea  . . 

Hardy  flowers  in  July  .. 
,,     fruit  garden,  the  .. 

Ha 


(Lir 


:edl 


ell 


Herbaceous  border,  the 
Helerotoma  lobelioides. 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Lzlia  elegans  platychila 

Lawn-rollers,  improvised 

Lilium    Browni  var.  viri 

duliim 


Phoi  mium  tenax  andother 
plants  in  Scotland       . . 

Plants  and  iheir  culture  . 

Potato  crop  in  Middlesex 

Ranunculus  Lyalli 

Root  growing  for  market 

Rowe  Orphan  Kund.  the 

Rojal  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's Committees  and 
Judges    . . 

Sedum  formosanum 

Societies  — 

Hound  and  St.  Mary 
Extra  Horticultural. 
National  Carnation  .. 
Newcastle  Horticul- 
tural and  Botanical  . 
Notts  Horticulturaland 

Botanical       .. 
Royal  Horticultural  . . 
Stamford  Horticultural 
Winchester      Horticul- 


Sweet    Peas    from    Bore- 

atton  Park  . . 
Tea  from  Jamaica 
Thrinax  graminifolia 


ILLUSTR.\TIONS. 

Abies  brachyphylla         

Agaricus  trichosporus 

Diseased  bulbs 

Garden  architecture.     Supplement 
Heterotoma  lobelioides  . . 
Thrinax  graminifolia 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 
DRURY  LANE. 

SUTTON  and  CHEAM  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY.  —  The  TWENTY  SECOND 
ANNUAL  FLOWER  SHOW,  and  County  Show  of  the 
SURREY  BEE-KEEPERS'  ASSOCIATION,  will  be  held 
(by  the  kind  permission  of  H.  Lindsay  Antrobus.  t>q  )  in  the 
Grounds  of  Lower  Cheam  House,  on  WEDNESDAY,  Aug.  12. 
Mrs.  Cubitt  will  distribute  the  Prizes  at  6  p.m.  The  Bands  of 
the  W  Division  Meliopolitan  Police  and  S.M.D.  Schools  are 
engaged  for  the  occasion.  The  Grounds  will  be  opened  at 
a  o'clock  for  Subscribers  on  presenting  their  Tickets,  and  to  the 
Public  on  payment  of  21.  iid.  Admission  after  4.  ij.  ;  after  6.  td. 
Childien  Hall-price.  Admission  to  Bee  Tents  :  Members.  Free  ; 
Nnn-Members.  td.  each.  For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the 
Officers  of  ihe  Society,  or  Members  of  the  Committee,  or  to 
Mr.  W.  R.  CHUKCH,  Sec.  For  informatio-  respectmg  the  Bee 
Exhibition  to  the  Hon.  Sec,  Mr.  WATERER,  the  Ct  mmon. 


WILTS     HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETV 
SHOW.  Salisbury,  AUG.  20.     Division  A  Open. 
laSTOVEandOREENHOUSE  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 
1st  Prize,  .£15:     12  VARIEG.^TED  and   FINE-FOLIAISE 
STOVE  and   GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    ist   Prize,  £>i. 
Schedules  00  applii 


•1  he  Nu 


:  Sabsbu^.   W-  "'  WILLIAMS,  Hon.  Se, 


HANDSWORTH,  SHEFFIELD, 

HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  at  HandswMlh. 
on  WEDNESDAY,  August  26  Class  4  (open  to  all  England). 
{,^3  given  for  a  display  of  STOVE  PLANTS,  ;£  14  for  2d.  and 
Lb  for  3d.  .£5  for  a  COLLECTION  of  DESSERT  FRUITS, 
and  other  Piizes.     Schedules  may  b:  had  on  application  to 

GEO.  LUNN,  Sec. 

1886.  I  r^RAND    FLORAL    FfiTE,    YORK, 

'  Vj      JUNE  23,  24.  and  25      Schedules  will  be  ready 
early  in  January  next. JNO.  WILSON,  Secretary. 

GARDENIAS.— A  quantity  of  good  healthy 
Plants,  in  lo-inch  pots,  421.  per  dozen. 
J.  J.  AND  W.  OAKEY.  Pleasure  Gardens,  Preston, 

FOR  SALE,   very  cheap,   Two    magnificent 
TREE  FERNS,  height  ii^J  feet  and  7  feet.      For  parti- 
culars apply 

GARDENER,  Poutamman,  Ammanford,  R.  S.  0..  South 
Wales. 

STRAWBERRIES.-Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  potting  on  or  planting  out.     Low  prices  to  tne 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN,  Nurserymui,  Richmond, Surrey. 


TO  THE  TRADE.— CARTER'S  WHOLE- 
SALE CATALOGUE  of  BULBS,  PLANTS,  and 
HORTICULTURAL  SUNDRIES  has  now  beenpostedto 
their  customers.  If  not  received,  another  copy  will  be  sent  on 
application  to  JAMES  CARTER,  DUNNEIT  and  BEALE, 
237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS  FOR  MARKET 
GROWERS.-Purchasers  should  call  and  inspect  our 
samples  before  buying  elsewhcre.-JAMES  CARTER,  DUN- 
NETT  AND  BEALE.  237  and  ajS.Hieh  Holbonj.  London, W.C. 

"■yE    NARCISSUli^r   DAFFODIL  ;" 

-L     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
oa  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  wiih  many  Woodcuts.  Price  \s. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ERMAN     BUdIjenbORG,      Bulb 

Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDHNBORG  Bros.),  begs  to  inform  his  pumerous  Frieuds  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  for  his  own  actouot,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  :  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  protection  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  manv  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LlbTSothls  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  free  on  demand. 

PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 
Fine  pbnt-,  reJidy  for  single  po  s,  of  the  same  well- 
cloured  and  large  flowered  strains  we  have  distributed  fur 
(ouiteen  jears,  ii.  bd.  per  doz..  \os  per  io->,  22J.  61/  for  550. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SuN,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Aluinch  m, 
and  12,  Market  Street.  Manchester. 


B 


Now  in  Full  Bloom. 
EGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 

senting  an  unrivalled  llotal  display.  Visitors  are  cordially 
/ited.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 
Catford  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 

LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13J.  bd. 

EWING  AND    CO.,  Sea  View   Nurseries,  Havant,    Hants 
(late  of  Eaton,  near  Norwich). 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.  VAN    TUBEKGEN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.    Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBEKRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Outched  Friars,  E.C. 


B  E 


SOLD 


BULBS        TO 
at  Low  Pr 

Double    White    NARCISSUS.    Pheasant's    eye  NARCIS- 
SUS, and  DAFFODILS.    A  large  assortment  of  these  superior 
Bulbs  are  offered  to  the  Trade  for  ihe  Season  1885.     Apply  to 
W.  A.  BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Surrey. 

EW      STRAWBERRIE.S,    "LAXTON'S 

KING  of  the  EARLIES."  and  "THE  CAPTAIN." 
Orders  for  these  rema'kable  New  Strawberries,  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
contiuued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  from 

T.  LA.X.TON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 

Bape  Seed. 
ENGLISHGROWN  RAPE  SEED  FOR  SOWING. 

HARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.  have   the 

bove    to  offer,  of  fine   quality.     Sample  and  price  on 


c 


s 


QUELCH         AND        BARNHAM, 

Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.&c. 

Q  O  U  E  L  C  H         aIj  d         B  aTrn  H  A  M, 

^^     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

S  qUeT C~H         AND         BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHFQUES  forwarded  weeklv. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

ANTED,^Maidenhair  and  otheTFERN 

Fronds,  dried  or  fresh  cui  ;  large  quantities  required. 
Also  SHAMROCK  Sprajs,  fiesh  cithered.  Send  samples  and 
prices  to      P.  B.,  4  and  5.  Silk  Stieet,  London,  E.C. 

ANTED,  AMARYLLIS  (Seedlings   pre- 

ferred).     State  quantity.  aUo  price  per  dozen  or  100,  to 
ROBERT  BULLEN,  Botanic  Gardens,  Glagow. 

ANTED,     good     GERANIUM      CUT- 

TINGS  of  Henry  Jacoby.  Master  Christine,  Vesuvius, 
Gold  and  Silver  Tricclors.  and  other  choice  Bedders.  Send 
samples  and  price  per  loco  to 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 

ANTED,  ARTICLES  on  GARDENING, 

from  experienced  Contributors  acquainted  with  Markets. 
—Apply  to  1781.  care  of  LOUIS  COLLINS,  Esq.,  Advertisers 
Agent,  4,  Wine  Oflice  Court,  Fleet  Street,  London,  E.C. 


w 


"PUCHARIS  AMAZONICA  FLOWERS.— 

-*^  Price  on  application. 

TURNER    BROS.,    Nurserymen   and    Florists,    Allerton, 

PALMSj  Specially  Hardy,  grown  for  cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses. — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elagaus.  splendidly  foliaged,  20  inches  high,  xis. 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  is.  yd  :  same  kinds,  \-z  inches  high, 
25J.  perio3  ;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  po^t  free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

To  the  Trade. 

SEAFORTHIA      ELEGANS.  —  Seed    just 
arrived  in  fine  condition       Write  for  lowest  Trade  price 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jan.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

OMAN   HYACINTHS,  for  Early  Forcing. 

The  Bulbs  of  these  being  unusually  fine  this  season,  early 
Oiders  are  respectfully  solicited.      Price,  per   luj,    i  j^.  ;    per 
'ivered  entirely  free  in  London  and  other  ports. 


See  Catalogue. 

The  CATALOGUE  of  o 
and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plat 
is   now    ready,  and  will  a 


Messrs.  MERTENS 

Hill,  London.  E.C. 

ANT.  ROOZENandSON.O' 


ir  immense  Cjllections  of  New,  Pare, 
s,  for  1885  (84  pages,  in  English), 
usual  be  sent  Post-free  on  appli- 
General  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 
CO.,    3,  Cioss  Lane,  Sl  Mary-at- 


r  Haarlem.  Holland, 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  eind  Florists. 
DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate  the  same  quality  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importhr  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.G., 
Established  since  1S56.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  oa 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  ail  kinds  pf  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 


CLEMATIS     in 

ngle  varieties  (some 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  ar 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  ; 
every  ihade,  from  pure  while  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine.  from  12;.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  •x\  application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

ELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 

Single.  Now  is  the  time  to  plant.  CATALOGUES 
gratis.        KELWAY  and  SON.  Langport.  Somerset, 

HOLESALE^BULB  ^CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on 
application. 

It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  kn  jw.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
13,  E.veler  Street,  Stranr),  W.C. 


East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    AND    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in   five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  While  Wall-leaved,  at 
IJ..  2i.6i/,,  &  55.  each  colour.    Price  to  theTrade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 


s 


OW  AT.  ONCE. 


CABBAGE. —  CARTER'S  HEARTWELL. 
—  Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  Early  Cabbage  in  cultiva. 
tion.     Very  distinct.     The  heads  are  extremely  firm,  weighing 
6  lb.     In  sealed  packets  only.    Per  packet,  ir.  and 


id. 


CABBAGE.  —  CARTER'S  MAMMOTH 
BEEFHEART.— The  best  Main-crop  Garden  Cabbage 
in  cultivation  ;  very  large  firm  heads,  of  exquisite  fiavour,  very 
few  outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily  run.  The  finest  sum- 
mer Cabbage  known.  In  sealed  packets.  Per  packet,  ij.  and 
bii.  :  per  ounce,  ir.  6n'..  post-free. 


CARTERS,  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  238.  High  Holborn, 
London,  W  C. 

Strawberries  for  Present  Planting. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S     Descriptive     and 
Priced  CATALOGUE  can  be  had  on  application. 
The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  ^d.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVEL  AND  SON. 

Strawberry    Growers.      DnffielJ. 

New  Turnip  Seed. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.   have   to 
offer,    of    crop    1885,     their    choice    selected   stocks  of 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO..  Feed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 

Seeds  for  Present  Sowing. 

PETER    LAWSON    and    SON    (Limited), 
Edinburgh,   can  supply  selected  stocks  of  CABBAGE, 
BORECOLE,  SAVOY,  also  new  RAPE,  &c. 
Special  offer  on  application. 


I30 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LAUGUST  I,    1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Bulbs.— Special  Trade  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
bes  to  announce  that  ihey  have  now  FIXED  THEIR 
Sales  of  dutch  flower  roots  for  the  ensuing 
season.  The  first  AUCTION  will  take  place  on  MONDAY. 
August  17.  This  and  the  three  following  sales  will  consist  of 
lots,  specially  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  extensive  Buyers, 
and  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the  supply  of  roots  of  the 
best  quality 

Catalosues  will  be  sent  regularly  on  application.      Central 
Atiction  Rooms  and  Estate  OOices,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Lyntou  House  —Clapham  Common. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises  as  above, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  August  IQ,  at  i  o'Cloclt  precisely,  the 
whole  of  the  Choice  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
FERNS  and  PALMS.  GARDEN  UTENSILS,  SUMMER 
HOUSE,  &C. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  Sale.     Catalogues  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Lsella  harpophylla.— (Sale  No.  6944.) 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  -iS.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  August  6. 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  a 
very  grand  importation  of  L^LIA  HARPOPHYLLA.  just 
received  per  steamer  Elbe,  and  in  e.x'tra  condition.  Fine  masses, 
and  very  healthy  sound  plants  m.ake  this  lot  the  best  yet  offered. 
Also  a  splendid  lot  of  CATTLEYA  SCHILLERIANA,  also  in 


On^ 


/the 


ning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogu. 


ihad. 


Splendid  Importation.— (Sale  No  6944 ) 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  6, 
at  half'past  i2  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
a  very  grand  importation  of  C.\TTLEYA  SUBERBA 
SPLENDENS,  the  dark  flowered  Rio  Negro  variety,  in 
splendid  order  :  also  many  large  and  specially  fine  masses  of 
CATTLEYA  ELDORADO,  with  fine  leaves,  and  in  specially 
grand  condition;  PAPHINIA  CRISTATA  GRANDIS  and 
SANDERIANA;  a  blue  flowered  new  Orchid  of  merit; 
GALEANDRA  DEVONIANA,  in  splendid  masses  :  ZYGO- 
PETALUM  GAUTIERl.  CATILEYA  INTERMEDIA, 
L/ELl  A  PURPURATA.  many  Mexican  and  other  ORCHI DS. 
On  view  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flialaenopsls  Sclilllerlana.  &c. 

MR.  J.   C.    STEVENS    will  include   in  his 
SALE  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  August  6,  a  case  of 
PHAL/ENOPSIS    as    above,  just    received    direct,    in     fine 


South  Lodge,  Southgate,  N. 

South  Lodge  is  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Enfield  Station  on  the 

Great  Northern  Railway. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  TUESDAY, 
August  11.  at  hall. past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  SMALL  COL- 
LECTION of  ORCHIDS  formed  by  the  late  J.  S.  Law.  Esq  , 
including  Cattleya  guttata  Leopoldi,  C.  speciosissima,  C. 
Skinneri,  Zygopelalum  Mackayii.  large  plants  of  Epidendrum 
prismatocarpum,  and  Cyptipedinm  Sedeni,  Dendrobiums, 
Calanthes.&c;  also  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
comprising  a  fine  specimen  Platycerium  grande,  several  large 
Eiu:haris  amazonica  and  Candida,  Ferns  of  sorts,  including 
Davallias,  Todea  superba,  &c.  :  a  fine  specimen  Phormium 
lena-t  Veitchii  ;  a  few  choice  tuberous-rooted  BEGONI.'IS, 
CROTONS,  and  other  FOLIAGE  PLANTS,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  the  day  prior  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had  on  the  Premises  ;  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS, 
Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  38,  King  Street,   Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Special  Sale  of  OrcUds  In  Flo-wer. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  August  t2,  and  he  will  be  glad  if  gentle- 
men desirous  of  entering  plants  for  this  Sale  will  please  send 
particulars  of  same  net  later  than  Thursday,  August  6. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California./ 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  T.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  Salesmen. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  MARKET  NURSERY, 
within  7  miles  of  Covent  Garden,  and  close  to  Railway 
Station,  where  trains  run  every  twenty  minutes  to  Charing 
Cross.  Nursery  consists  of  nearly  4  acres  of  Land,  partly  walled 
in,  and  440  feet  run  of  Span-roofed  Greenhouses,  all  well  Heated 
and  Stocked  with  Plants  for  growing  Choice  Cut  Flowers.  A 
good  supply  of  Water.  Nearly  new  Ten*Roomed  Dwelling- 
House.  Held  on  Lease,  nearly  seventy-three  years  unexpiied,  at 
the  very  low  rental  of  ^^35  per  annum.  Tithes  redeemed.  Re- 
tiring from  business  on  account  of  ill  health. 

For  full  particulars  apply  by  letter   to   G.    E.,    Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


F 


To  Nurserymen  and  Others 

OR    SALE,    or    TO    BE    LET,    an    OW- 

tabhshed   FREEHOLD   NURSERY,  on  high  road, 

a  city.     Noted  for  Roses  and  CItmilises.     Nearly  12 

covered  with   Fruit  Trees,  and   Fruiting  Bushes. 


Convenient  Glasshou 

Apply  to 
Mr.    G.    E.    KENNETT,    Solicitor,    Norwich. 


Norwich, 

2  miles  from,  and  i  mile  from  a  Railway  Station  on  Main  Line, 

fpO    LET,    with   possession   at   Michaelmas 

-L  next,  a  productive  MARKET  GARDEN  and 
ORCHARD  of  about  5  Acres,  on  which  are  four  long  Glass- 
houses heated  with  Hot-water  Apparatus  on  the  newest  principle. 
Also  a  comfortable  Dwelling-house.  Stables,  Barns,  Cowhouses, 
Piggeries,  and  other  Outbuildings.  Excellent  water  supply. 
A  good  business  now  being  caried  on. 

Apply  to  CLOWES  AND  NASH,  Auctioneers  and  Estate 
Agents,  Bank  Chambers,  Norwich. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake   the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared, 
irs.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


JOHN       KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
SuNDKiES,   Peat.    Loam,    Sand,   and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.    Established  1854. 


PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.G.,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone,  E.       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


Ferns.— Ferns.— Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.  STRICrUM,  LOMARIAGIBBA. 
LA.STREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA.  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  201.  per  100,  C'i  per  icoo. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 

1  4^  and  5-inch 


ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.  fine  pla 
pots,  40J.  and  50J.  per  loj. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston    Liverpool. 


New  Hybrid  Aloe. 

ALOE  INSIGNIS.— A  very  beautiful  and 
highly  ornamental  Aloe,  raised  from  A.  drepanophylla 
fertilised  by  A  echinata.  Flowers  remarkable  and  beautiful ; 
requires  ordinary  greenhouse  culture.  Described  and  figured 
in  this  volume  of  the  Gardener^  Chronicle^  p.  40,  f.  41.  Orders 
received  will  be  sent  out  later  in  the  season  ;  every  one  should 
possess  this  plant.     Price  3  Guineas. 

Also  the  ncwpUnt.THALlCTRUMRHYNCHOCARPUM, 
with  graceful  Fern-like  foliage,  very  ornamental.  Now  offered 
for  the  first  time  ;  refeaed  to  in  Gardeners  Chronicle,  vol.  xxi  , 
p.  22.     Price  I  Guinea. 

Also     a    large     Collection    of     SUCCULENT    PLANTS 

THOMAS  COOPER,  Exotic  Nursery,  Brighton  Road, 
Redhili,  Surrey. 

To  the  Trade  only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nursevmen, 
•  Sbedsmen,  and  Floi;ists,  Haarlem.  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Cat;ilogue  (No.  379A)  of  Dutch  Flower  Ro'.ts  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous-rooted  Plantsfor  18S5-86,  is 
now  ready,  and  may  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  Nursery- 
men. Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extract  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
8vo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specially.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
are  considerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  inferior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  publi^ihed. 

Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  In  Sprinp. 

ROEMER'S   Superb  Prize  FANSY    SEED. 
tfS-  The  best  Pansy  Seed  in  the  World.  MS 
FANCY  V.aRIETIES,  saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  los.  per  ounce,  6rf.  per  packet. 
SHOW  VARlEriES.    saved  from  named  flowers,   splendid, 

mixed,  55.  per  ounce,  6d.  per  packet. 
FANCY  and  bHOW  VARIETIES,  fine,  mixed,  3^.  per  ounce, 

yi-  per  packet. 
ASSORTMENT  of  18  splendid  distinct  varieties,  containing 

each  I  packet,  31. 
CAREFULLY  SAVED  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers, 
of  all  varieties,  splendid,    mixed,  highly  recommended, 
2S.  (.<d.  per  1000  seeds,  f>d.  per  packel. 
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED   SHOW  VARIETIES,  new  and 
distinct,  flowers  up  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  51.  per  looo 
seeds,  ij.  per  packet. 
GIGANTIC    FLOWERED'  FANCY    VARIETIES,    very 
choice  collection,   loj.  per  looo  seeds,  \s.  6d  per  packet. 
My  Pansies  awarded  First  Prize  at  Berlin  Exhibition,  1884. 
For  Separate  Sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  forwarded  Post-lree 
on  application. 
FRED.  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedhnburg,  Germany. 

HWATERER,  Importer  of  Plants  and  Bulbs, 
•  5809 ,  Powelton  Avenue, Philadelphia.  Pa  .U.  S.  A. .  offers  : 

PAMPAS  PLUMES,  fresh  white,  for  Fall  1S85,  all  picked, 
18  to  24  inches,  -^3  per  lOO,  $25  per  loco;  24  to  .^o  inches.  $6 
per  100,  .^50  per  1000  :  301036  inches.  $10  per  100,  i^So  per  10:0; 
36  inches  and  upwards,  S15  per  100,  $100  per  1C03. 

LILIUMS  (orders  for  these  must  not  arrive  later  than 
Sept.  1)  :— cohimbianum,  Sio  per  100,  ."^io  per  1000;  paida- 
Imum,  true,  S15  per  100,  §iio  per  1000;  pardalinum  var. 
pubeltr-n,  S14  per  ico.  $rooper  looo  ;  parvum,  $^5  per  100,  Sioo 
per  1000  ;•  Humboldtii,  $25  per  100,  :?2co  per  1000;  Washing- 
tonianum,  ^25  per  loo,  j*ioo  per  jooo.     Very  fine  picked  bulbs. 

ROSES. 


The  Largest  Rose  Nurseries  in  the  World 

A  visit  is  respectfully  invited.  No  descrip- 
tion can  convey  the  slightest  idea  of  the 
magnificent  stock  now  in  flower.  They  will 
continue  in  their  beauty  until  October. 

Dcscriptivt  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on  application. 


CRANSTON'S   NURSERY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

KING'S   ACRE,  HEREFORD. 


Royal  Parks,  &c.,  Grass  Seeds. 

THE  COMMISSIONERS  of  HER 
MAJESTY'S  WORKS.  &c..  are  prepared  to  RECEIVE 
TENDERS  for  the  SUPPLY  of  GRASS  SEEDS  for  use  in 
the  Royal  Parks,  &c.,  during  the  year  1886.  Forms  of  Tender, 
containing  full  particulars,  may  be  obtained  at  this  Office  any 
day  except  Saturday  between  the  hours  of  12  and  3  Tenders 
are  to  be  delivered  before  iz  o'clock  noon  on  Saturday,  October 
3<  next,  addressed  to  the  SECRETARY.  H.M.  Office  o( 
Works,  .tc,  12,  Whitehall  Place.  London,  S.W.,  and  must  be 
endorsed  "  Tender  for  Grass  Seeds.  Royal  Parks.  &c."  The 
Commissioners  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest  or 
any  Tender.  ^  g  MITFORD.  Secretary, 

H.M.   Office  of  Works,  &c.,   n,  Whitehall   Place,  S.W.— 
July  29.  iSSs. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4<f,  per  bushel :  100  for  255.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40J.  :  4-busheI  bags,  i,d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   5J.   td.    per    sack 
5  sacks  25 J.  ;  sacks,  4//.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  ;  sacks, 
4a'.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  li.  grf.  per  bushel;  131.  per  half 
ton,  26i.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  ba^s,  \d.  each, 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IJ.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  3s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

Notice. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  :  newly 
made. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  205.  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14J.  :  forty,  Z51.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  Hieh  Street,  Ealtersea,  S.  W. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
StovePlants.&c.,;(;6  6s.perTruck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  s  Bags.  22j.  6,/.  ;  10  bags, 
45s.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  6</.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s,  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough  Station.  Hants. 


.  per  bush,  (sacks  included). 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

_  Two  PmzE  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   4J.  td.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   3J.  6rf.  .,  5  sacks  for  isr, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  6./.         „. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "k 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (. 

LEAFMOULD,bestonly  ..      1  "' 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ij.  srf.  per  bush.,  i2j.  half  ton,  221.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     SY.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8f. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spdcialile)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milllrack  . .     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2!.  per  bush.,  is.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  15.  each  ;  10  sacks,  95.  ;  15  sacks,  135.  ;  20  sacks,  \-js.  : 
30  sacks,  255;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
255.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 
A      GREAT      SUCCESS. 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND," 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  watering-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price.  35.  td.  per  Giillon.  including  drum  :  40  gallon  Casks, 
Ci,  loj.     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO.   (Limited), 

43,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Greea  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  10  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tiees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  BliRbt.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3J.,  and  loj.  6*/. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes.  6^/.  and  ij  ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 
most   effective,   14  lb.  for  gf.  ;    28  lb.,    i8r.  ;    cwt.  70J. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road.  Clapton.  E. 


ELEVEN  SILVER 


MEDALS. 


AWARDED  fe^3^^M»  TO 

JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-mare.  Manufacturer  ot  TERR.A- 
COTTA  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS. 
BORDER  TILES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  I  to  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  frost,  and  seldom  turn 
green:  ORCHID.  FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS 

.td. 


August  i,  1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


J31 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL   AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS     OF    EXHIBITIONS, 

REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL    MATTERS  of 

CURRENT   INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 

ARBORETUM— The. 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

BEES. 

BOTANY. 

BULBOUS  PLANTS. 

CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 

CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 

EVERGREENS. 

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  the  following  subjects  :— 

FORCING.  

FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING, 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 

MANURES— Analyses  of.    ' 
MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES. 


ORCHIDS — including  a  com- 
plete List  of  those  in  culti- 
vation. 

PALMS. 

PLANTING. 

PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 

POMOLOGY. 

POTATOS.— POULTRY. 

RHODODENDRONS'. 

ROCKERIES. 

ROSES. 

SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIE.' 

STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 


SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 
TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE   CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY. 
VINES. 

WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 


Illustrations  by   W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,    W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,    IF.  J.  WELCH,  arid  Others. 


ABB  AY,  (Rev.) 

ANDERSON  (J.) 

ANDR6(E.),  Kiris 
ANTOINE  (F.),  Vicnn.1,. 

ATKINS  (J.)         

BADEN-POWELL  (H.) 
BADGER  (E.  W.) 

BAINES(T.)        

BAKER(<;.)         

BAKER(J.  G.).  F.R.S 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor).. 

B.ALL(J.),  F.R.S 

BANCROFT  (G),  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BEIJERINCK,Dr.,\Vagenmgen 
BENNET  (H.),  M.D.,  Mentone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G  ).  M.D,,  Sydney 
BENTHAM (the late G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEV(Rev.  M.J.),F.R.S. 
BLACK.MORE(R.  D.).. 
BLAIR  (T.),  Shrubland  Gardens 

BL0W(T.  B.)       

B01SSIER(E.),  Geneva 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J. T.) 
BOULGER(G  S.),  F.L.S. 
BRIGHT  (the  Ute  H.  A.) 
BRITTEN  (J.),  BiitishMuseum 
BROWN  (N.  E.),  Keiv  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow  

BURBIUGE    (F.   W.),   Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
CARU  E  L  (Professor),  Florence. . 
CASPARY(Prof.),  Ka:iiigsberg.. 

CHALLlSCr.) 

CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       .. 
CLARKE  (C.  B.).  F.R.S. 
C0BBOl.U(r.  S.),  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Eastnor Castle 

COOKE  (m!'c.)  .'!      .': 

COOMBER  (J  ),  The  Hendre  .. 
COOMBER  (W.).  Regent's  Park 
COOPER  (.Sir  DAN.,  Bart.)  .. 
CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva  .. 
COX  (J.),  Redleaf  Gardens 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.H.).. 
CROSSLING  (R.),  St.  F.ngan's 

Castle  Gardens 

CROUCHER(J.) 

DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN  (A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE(thelate  Prof.),  Paris 
DECANDOLLE(A.),  Geneva.. 
DEHERAIN  (Professor),  Paris. . 
DE  MARR,  Boston,  U,S,A,  .. 
DODD  (Rev.  C,  W.) 
DODWELL  (E,  S.) 
DOUGLAS  (J.),  Great  Gearies, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  (1),  Edinburgh 
DRUDE  (I'rul'es^r),  Dresden  ,, 
DUCH  ARl  R  I',  ( I'rufcssor),  Paris 
DUTHIE  (J,  F.),  Saharunpote,. 
DYER  (BERNARD)      ,, 
DYER  (Rev  T    F,) 
DYER  (W,  T,  T,),  F,R,S. 

EARLEY(W.) 

EICHLER  (Professor),  Director 

Imperial  Bot.  Garden,  Berlin 
ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N). 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned ;— 


Coffee-leaf  D 
Orchids, 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Forestry. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Alpine  Plants. 
Queensland  Corresponden 
Fruit  Culture. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Vegstable  Physiology, 
Australian  Correspondent 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Pomology, 


Garden  Plants, 
Landscape  Gardening, 
Vegetable  Physiology, 
Notes   from  a    Lancashire 
Plant  Lore,  [Garden, 

Garden  Botany. 

Orchid  Notes, 

Garden  Botany, 
Foreign  Correspondence, 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening, 
Garden  Botany, 
Garden  Botany, 
Diseases  of  Plants, 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Australian  Correspondence. 
Alpine  Plants. 
Practical  Gardening, 
Garden  Plants, 

Practical  Gardening, 
Succulent  Plants. 
Physiology  of  Plants. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Floriculture. 
Garden  Botany. 
Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Garden  Plants. 
Florists'  Flowers. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Chemical  Analyses. 
Flower  Lore. 
Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Garden  Botany. 


ELWESIILJ.)     .. 
ENGELMANN(thel 
Lou 


Garden  BoLiny 

Conifers. 

Garden  Literature. 
Practical  Gardening- 
Landscape  Gardening. 
Roses,  ^ 

Foreign  C^rrespondenci 


eO,),  St, 

EVeKsHED  (H,) 

EWBANK  (Rev,  H.),  Ryde      .. 

EYLES(G,)  

FELLOWES(Rev,  E.)  .. 
FENZI  (E,),  Florence  .. 
FISH      (D,      T,),       Hardwlcke 

FISHER  (Rev,  O,')'         '.'.         '.'. 
FITCH  (W.  H,).  F.L.S. 
FLEMING  (the  late  J,),  Clivdden 

FOSTER  (Dr,  M.),'f  R.'s. 
FROST  (P,),  Dropmore  Gardens 

GIBSON  (WM,) 

GILBERT  (I,  H.).  F,R,S, 
GLAISHER(J.),  F,R.S. 
GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston 
GREEN  (CHARLES)    .. 
GRIEVE  (P.),  Bury  St,  Edmunds 
GRINDON(LEO) 
HANBURY  (T,),  Mentone 
HART  (J,),  Jamaica        .. 

HEMSLEY(W,  B.)        ^,„.., 

HEN  RV(the  late  I,  ANDERSON)  Garden  Plants, 
HENRIQUEZ  (Prof,),  Coimbra    Foreign  Correspond 
HENSLOW(Rev,  G,)  "  


Pr.ictical  Gardening. 

Koses, 

Illustrations, 

Practical  Gardening 
Plant  Physiology, 
Practical  Gardening, 
Town  Gardening. 
\egetibleChem.stry. 
Meteorology. 
Garden  Botany, 
Plant  Culture. 
Pr.tLtical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature, 
Foreign  Correspondence, 
Coloni.'ll  Notes, 
Garden  Botany. 


Vegetable  Physiology, 
(harden  Botany. 


HOOKER  (Sir  J,  D.),  ICCS.I 

HORNER  (Rev.  F.  D.) -..o„. ,„,.„> 

HOWARD  (the  late  J.E.),F,  R,  S,  Cinchonas, 
HUDSON      (J,),    Gunnersbury 

Gardens  ..         ,,         ,,  Flower  Gardening, 

IM       THURN      (EVERARD) 

British  Guiana Colonial  Notes. 

I NGRAM  ( W,),  Belvoir  Gardens  Practical  Gardening. 

JACKSON  (J,  R  ),  KewMuscum  Economic  Botany, 

JOLLY  (C),  Paris  ,,  ..  Foreign  Correspondei 

JULIAN(KCHD.G.)F,R.I.B,A.  Garden  Architecture. 

KING  (Dr.),  Calcutta      ..         ..  Colonial  Notes 

KNIGHT  (H,) Practical  Gard. 


Foreign  Correspondenc 
Foreign  Correspondenc 
Foreign  Correspondenc 

Garden  Botany. 


KOLB  (MAX).  Munich 
KRELAGE(J,  H,),  Haarlem  ,, 
LANG  (Prof,),  Copenhagen 
LAVALLfiE  (the  late  ALPH.), 

Paris 

LEES  (E.),  F.L.S 

LEICHTLIN    (MAX),     Baden 

Baden    

LINDBERG(Prof.),  Helsingfors 
LOWNE,  (B.  I'.),  F.RCS  ,. 
LYNCH      (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Botanic  (jarden 
MACLACHLAN  (R,),  F,R,S,  ,.     iu»=ci». 
MACOWAN  (Prof,),  Cape  Town    Colonial  Notes 
lMANGLES(thelate  J.H.),  F.L,S,  Rhododend-- 

MARIES(C.)  larl^n   Dl  — 

MARTINS  (Prof.),    Montpellier 

MAW  (G.),  F.L.S 

MEEHAN  (T.),  Philadelphia  .. 
MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin 

Gardens  

MICHIE  (C,  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Banff 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 


Garden  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondei 
Amateur  Gardening, 

Garden  Botany, 


Japan  Plants, 
Foreign  Correspondent 
Crocus— Garden  Planti 
Corresponde 


Practical  Gardening, 

Forestry. 
L,r.o  \\j.  X.},  wycomoe  ADoey 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

MILLER  (W,).  Combe  Abbey,.  Practical  Gardening. 
MONTEIRO  (Chev)  Lisbon    ..  Foreign  Correspondence, 
MOORE  (F.  W.),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden Practical  (Jardening. 

MORREN  (Professor),  Liifge    ..  Foreign  Correspondence, 

MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica  . ,  . .  Colonial  Notes, 

MUDD  (C),,  South  Africa  . .  Colonial  Notes. 


.MUELl.|.;R(l!,irou  FERD.  V), 

Melbourne 

MUKTON  (H.  J).  Siam 
NAUDIN(C.),  Antibes  ., 
NELSO.V  (C.  J,),   Orange  Free 


Furcign  Corresponde 
Foreign  Corresponde 


NESFIELD  (theiate  MARK- 
HAM)   Landscape  G.irdenine 

NICHOLSON  (G,),  Kew  ,        '   •       ^    u.iruenmg. 

O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 

O'BRIEN  (T.)       .. 

OLIVER  (C'apt,  S.) 

OLIVER  (Prof),  F.R.S. 

OHVEIRA  (J.  D'),  Oporto      . 

OLLERHEAD  (I,),  Wimbledo 
Park  Gardens     . 

ORMEROD  (Miss) 

OUDEMANNS  (Professor)  An 
sterdam  . , 


Orchid'CuTture, 
Propagation, 
Foreign  Correspondenc 
CJarden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondenc 

Practical  Gardening, 


PAGET 
P.\l   I    |i 


r  .Montpellie 
1      1:).    ,, 
liJad 


l'l.(  H\  Kli  ,H  I    ( 

I'RI'  -si.  III! 

PV.\AER1  (E,),  (,hent  ,. 

REGEL(E.),  St.  Petersburg     .. 

RElCHENLiACH  (Professor)  .. 

RICHES  (P.),  Chester    .. 

Rl  VERS  ( F.)„Sawbridgeworth . . 

ROBERTS  (J,) 

ROBINSON  (],  F) 
RODIGAS(E,),  Ghent   .. 

RUST(J.) 

SARGEANT(C,  W,),  Boston  ,, 

SAUL(M,),  York j^racticanj.arai 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr,),  Adelaide    Colonial  Notes 
SCHUBELER(Prof.),Christiana    Foreign  Correspond 
SHEPPARD    (J,),    Wolverston 

Gardens  Pracrical  Gardening 

SIEMENS(thelateSirW,)F,R,S,     Electric  Light, 


Foreign  Correspondence 

Diseases  of  Plants, 

Floriculture, 

Floriculture, 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Orchids, 

Fungi— Plant  Diseases, 

Foreign  Correspondciite 

Fungi— Plant  Diseases, 

Colonial  Notes. 

Foreign  Correspondence 

F"oreign  Correspondence, 

Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Fruit  Culture. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 
American  Correspondenc 
Practical  Gardening. 


SOK  • 


,  K.L.S., 


TKIMI.  s  III   ),  I  -vlon  .. 
WALl.lS  (J.),  Kcele  Gardens  .. 
WARD  (H.  W.),  Longford  Castle 

Gardens  

WARRINGTON  (R.)    .. 
WATSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

U.S .. 

WATSON  (W.),  Kew      .. 
WEBSTER  (J,),  Gordon  Castle 

WEBSTER  (A.  D.)  '.'.  '.[ 
WEIR  (H),,  Tunbridge  Wells  .. 
WE,STWOOD  (Professor)  ..     ,„»e,.,s 

WILDSMITH    (W,),   Heckfield 

Gardens Practical  Gardening, 

WILLIS  (J,  W.),  Harpenden    ..     Chemist.y. 
Vi'ILSON(G,  F,;,  F.R,S.         ..     Lilies,  &c, 

WILSON  (D,)       Practical  Cirdening, 

WITTMACK(Dr,),  Berlin        ..     Foreign  Corresponde. 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg  Foreign  Corresponde. 
With  many  others. 


Foreign  Corresponde 
Illustrations — Fungi. 
Diseases  of  Plants 
Foreign  Correspondenc 
Orchid  Culture. 
Colonial  Notes. 
American  Corresponden 
Colanial  Notes. 
Garden  Botany, 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening, 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Garden  Botany, 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Forestry. 

Gardening  for  Amateur; 


132 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  1885, 


Come  and  See, 


6000    LILIUM    AUBATOM    in    Bloom. 

Many  Spikes  with  15  to  20  large  open  flowers. 

A        MAGNIFICENT        SPECTACLE. 

Spikes  cut  and  sent  to  order,  packing  fiee. 


t,'  12 


/,v  ■/..: 


NEW  PLAKT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

OUR  AUTUMN  TRADE  LISTS,  Nos.  75, 
76,  are  now  published.     Traders  not  having  received  a 
copy  are  requesled  to  apply  for  one. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKDiANKi    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

See  Gardeners*  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883. 

Now  being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.   and  loi".  dd.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 

OF       CHOICE 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS. 

We  h.ivc-  much  pleauire  in  offering  strong    healthy 

transplanted  seedlings  from  our  superb  strains 

of  the  follcnoing  .*—                                Doz.      100. 

Calceolarias,  from  choicest  flowers  only.      s.  d.      s.   d 

Kciuiifullv  tigered  and  spotted      . .     1     6     10     6 

Carnations  and  Plcotees,   from  stage 

flowers.      Will  produce  80  per  ceoi. 

of  fine     -ible  blooms            ..          ..     1     6     10     6 

,.     choicest  yellow,  very  fine           .,          ..2     6 

Cinerarias,  from  a  grand  stram  of  beauti- 

ful flwers        1    6    10    6 

,,     New,  dwarf,  large  flowered,  splendid     2     6 

Primula.  Crimson  King,  magnificent        ..3     6 

„     alba  magnlflca,  large,  pure  white. 

with  beauiifully  fringed  fljwers      ..2     6 

,,     DaoicU' choicest  red,  very  fine            ..     1     6     10     6 

..        „        ..        white,  very  fine  ..         ..     1    6    10    6 

M        ri        .,        mixed,  very  fine            . .     1     6    10    6 

M         ..         .,     extra  Strong  pK-ints  ..     2     6     15     0 

,,     Fem-Ieaved,  very  choice,  mixed         . .     1     6     10     6 

Carnage  Free  en  receipt  of  Poit  cfHce  Order. 

DANIELS    BROS., 

TOWN  CLOSE  NURSERIES,  NORWICH. 

The  Livepool 
Hoiticultural   Co. 


GRAPE  VINE8.C.S 


(John  Cowan),  Limited, 

season  a  stock  of 
RAPE  VINES  which  have 
n  surpassed,  if  indeed 
equalled.  Intending  purchasers 
are  requested  to  come  and  see 
them  during  the  growing  sea- 
son. The  Black  Hamburghs 
forfruhing  in  Pots  are  especially 
fine,  and  the  entire  stock  are 
from  eyes  this  season.  Planting 
Canes,  51.  and  ^5.  teL  each  ; 
Fruiting  Canes,  lox.  6</.  and 
I3J,  6*^.  each. 


TEA 


pQg^g^.TheC,.np, 


ku-ge  stock  of  TEA  and  NOI- 
StlTE  ROSES,  comprising 
a'l  the  leading  varieties.  The 
plants  ate  healthy  and  in  good 
condition  for  sending  out.  \-iS  , 
\%s.,  and  345.  per  dozen. 


M  A  N  U  R  E .  f'-^^y 'Ji.InurI' 

too  well  known  to  net 
mendalion.     iSj.  per 

OU     P     U     I      n     Q  The  Company  have  a  large 

n    U     n     I      U     0    .^^^'^'^of^^abUshedandlmpor- 


INE       and 
This  is 
II  known  to  need  lecom- 
mendalion.     iSj.  per  cwi. 


ted  ORCHIDS,  alii 

n,  and  they  are  const 
vine  frebh  import: 
various  parts  of  the  v 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade. 


THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    LIVERPOOL. 


R      O 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  \%s.  to  3(w.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


EARLY  WHITE    ROMAN   HYACINTHS. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  and  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons 
the  above  valuable  bulbs  for  early  forcing, 

And  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,    S.W. 


PRINCE'S 

IMPROVED  EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE. 

6(/.  per  Packet^  or  free  by  Post^  7  stavips. 
Sow,  for  earliest  Spring  Crops,  from  middle  to  end  of  yuly,  and  trans- 
plant first  week  in  October;  also,  sow  again  from  March  till  June  for 
successions  during  Summer  and  Autumn. 

This  is  generally  admitted  to  be  the  quickest  and  best  flavoured 
kind  ;  in  its  early  formation  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  and,  if  left, 
will  form  a  large  handsome  Cabbage  in  June  ;  at  the  same  time  it  is  a 
variety  less  liable  to  run  to  seed  than  any  other  grown. 


GEORGE  PRINCE,  Seedsman  and  Rose  Grower, 
14,   Market  Street,    OXFORD. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF  FRUIT  TREES  AND  ROSES, 


THOMAS  RIVERS  &  SON 

Invite  those  interested  in  the  above  to  visit  their  establishment.  The  Fruit  Houses  for  the 
growth  of  PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  GRAPES,  CHERRIES,  FIGS,  ORANGES,  &c.,  are 
now  full  of  Fruit  in  various  stages,  and  will  continue  to  be  of  great  interest  until  the  end  of  September. 

Many  thousands  of  PYRAMID,  BUSH,  and  CORDON  TREES  are  Grown  and  Fruited 
out-of-doors.  A  large  stock  of  the  best  ROSES  will  be  in  flower.  Full  information  will  be  given 
of  our  various  methods  of  cultivation. 

The  Nurseries  are  situate  between  the  Harloio  and  Sawbridgeworth  Stations,  Great  Eastern 
Railway,  each  i  viile  distant,  and  convey  ances  may  be  secured. 


SAWBRIDGEWORTH,  HERTS. 


L^ELIA      HAFiPOPHYLL^A. 
(Sale   No.  6944.) 

MR.  J.    C.  STEVENS  will   SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great 
Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  6 
at  h,ilf  past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  S.^nder,  a  very  grand  importation  of 

L/ELIA    HARPOPHYLLA, 

iust  received  per  steamer  Elbe,  and  in  extra  condition.     Fine  masses,  and  very  healthy  sound 
plants  make  this  lot  the  best  yet  offered.     Also  a  splendid  lot  of 

CATTLEYA     SCHILLERIANA, 

also  in  fine  condition. 
0«  vie%i'  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  haa. 


AUCTION  ROOMS   AND    OFFICES,    315,  KING   STREET,  COVENT    GARDEN, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


August  i, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


133 


SUTTON'S    SEEDS 


PRESENT  SOWING. 

POST-FREE. 
CABBAGE. 

Sutlon's  Flover  of  Spring     ..         ..     per  pacltet 

Wheeler'-i  Imperial per  oun.e 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf 

ONION. 

Giant  Roc  a perource 

Sutton's  Giant  Blood- Red  Rocca   ..  ,, 

The  Qneen         per  packet 

Globe  Tripoli    ..  ..  ..  ..  per  ounce 

LETTUCE. 

Sutton',  Improved  Black-seeded  Bath  Cos,  per  oz. 

London  Hjroy  While  Cos 

^(an'•tead  Paik  Cabbage       ..  ..  .,       ,, 

Hammersmith  Hardy  Green  Cabbage      ..       „ 


Prkts  andjull  particular!  of  other  Seeds  for  preunt 
sowing  may  he  had,  gratis  ayidpost-/ree,  on  application. 


HiMtnvcfo 


w> 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M  the  Queen 

and  H  R  H.  the  PrlDce  of  Wales, 

BEADING. 


DUTCH  BULBS  at  DUTCH  PRICES. 

Our  TRADE  LIST  is  now  rcaiiy. 

If  you  have  not  received  one,  send  a  Postal  Card  far  it, 
COMPARE      PRICES. 


HOWCROFT     &    WATKINS, 

Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

D  A   N    I   E   L  S' 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 

GIANT    E.ARLY    MARROW. 
The  Best  Early  Cabbage  for  General  Use. 


Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FREE ; 
7s.  6d.  per  pound ;   43.   per  half-pound. 


Tistmwnial  /ro>f 

Mr.   J.    M.    Clemmens,   East  End, 

NcivQuay.---\\e. 

lave  grown  jour    Defiance'  Cabbage 

for    FH^HT    VHARS    W 

ih    various   other  sorts,  as  a  lest,  and 

always  find    your 

Defiance'    bciis   all,    being    tarlier, 

heavier,  anH  o(  b'tte 

r  shape  and  flavour." 

ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA,  per  packet,  is.  6rf. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  ROCCA,  is.  per  ounce,  6s.  per  pound. 
Friud  Descriptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  0/  Seeds  for  praent 
solving,  gratis  and  post-free  to  all  applicants. 


DANIELS   BROS., 

SEED    GROWERS    and    MERCHANTS 
NORWICH. 


^EBBS' 

EMPEROR   CABBAGE, 

The  Best  Variety  in  Cultivation, 

6d.  and  Is.  per  packet. 
7s.   per  Pound,   Post-free. 


Mr.  J.  MDIR,  In  the  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture" of  May  24,  says:  — 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures   70  feet  by  50  feet,  and  here 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.      The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  Is 
WEBBS'  EMPEROR. " 


1 

EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  Per  0 
ENFIELD  MARKET 
EARLY  RAINHAM 
EARLY  DWARF  YORK      ,. 
LARGE  RED  DUTCH 


ONION. 


Webbs'  New  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
White  Italian  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Giant  Rocca  

White  Lisbon       

White  Spanish  or  Reading  . . 


All  Garden  Seeds  Free  by  Post  or  Kali. 

F;;-r  fe>  Cent.  DucounI  for  Cash. 


WEBB      &      SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

WORDSLEY,    STOURBRIDGE. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  IS. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  0 

Special    De' 


He: 


ript.i 


i,"  fl«i 
•'  Li 


XI  species  and  varieties. 
Rase,    and  Chojcb 


Ha 


i-No 


W.   &   J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E 

BuBh  Bill  Park  Nursery,  Enfleld 

N. 

At  Ih 

5  above-named  Nurseries  are  c 

ultivated 

in  unus 

ullv 

l.irge    q 

uantlties.    Azaleas,     Bouvardias 

Camell 

as,    Climb.nc 

Plauls, 

Cyclamen,  Epacrip,    Eneas,    fe 

rns,    Fici 

s.   Flow 

aid    Po 

cnralive    Plants   in    variety  :    F 

uit  Tree 

,    Gar.ie 

r-—  ;sta 

,  r,rape  Vines,   G-eenhou-e  Pla 

nts  in  va 

i.ty  :  P 

Ims 

Pelargo 

liums.   Rhododendrons,    Roses, 

Shrubs, 

Stove    Plants 

ORCHIDS   A    SPECIALTY.  -The 

■stock  at 

the    Cla 

pton 

Nursery  is  o(  such  magnitude  that  wiihout  seeing  it,  it  is  no 

easy  to  lorm  an  adequate  conception  of  ils  unprecedented  extent 

The  glass  structures  cover  an  area  of  upwards  of  237,000  fee 

"''  "hUGH    low    &    CO. 

cordially  invite  Gentlemen  interested  in  HortK 


n.spei 


the  Nui! 


c 


'^i 


&I* 


UTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN. -Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(is.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
tid.  per  cake;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed    cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached 
.    J     „        WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 
iiW  -  (l-imite'i).      Nurserymen    and    Seed 


,  Hiehgate  Nu 


is,  N. 


WHOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  a'l  varieties  of  English.  Dutch,  and  French 

grown  Bulbs,  including  the  following  :  — 
ANKMONtS,  all  the  best  varieties. 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILLT/E,  charming  blue  spring  flower. 
CKOCUS,  all  named  vaiieties.  and  mixed 
FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA,  beautiful  white  sweet-scenfed 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Christmas  Rose.  [Cape  bulb. 

HYACINTHS,  all  colours,  named,  for  pot,  glasses,  or  bedding 
IRIS,  all  the  best  varieties 
IXIAS,  handsome  showy  spring  fl  Jwers. 
LILIES,  all  the  leading  named  soits. 
NARCISS,  Polyanthus  varieties. 
NARCISS  and  DAFFQDILS,  in  forty  varieties. 
SCILLAS  and  SNOWDROPS,  including  the  newest  varieties 
TU  LI  PS,  Double  and  Single,  in  great  variety.       [of  the  latter. 
WINTER  ACONITES,  bright  yellow,  the  first  bulb  to  bloom 
alter  Christmas. 
May  be  had  on  application.    Please  compare  our  prices  before 
sending  your  orders  abroad.  -  WATKINS  and  SIMP.SON, 
Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants,  13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,    AUGUST    i,    1885. 


HARTWELL. 

THE  ancient  seat  in  Bucks  known  from  an 
early  period  in  history  by  the  pleasing 
name  of  Hartwell,  came  into  the  possession  qf 
the  present  owners  by  the  marriage  of  their 
ancestor.  Sir  Thomas  Lee,  with  the  heiress  of 
Hartwell,  who  was  a  Hampden,  one  of  the 
family  who  owned  Great  Hampden  before  the 
Conquest,  the  Lees  being  as  old,  since  they 
belonged  to  the  ancient  family  of  Leighs,  of 
.Legh  and  Lyme  in  Cheshire.  Sir  Thomas 
built  the  old  house  on  the  site  of  an  older  one 
in  1570,  and  since  the  time  of  his  successor — the 
first  baronet,  the  Sir  Thomas  Lee  who  died  in 
1690,  and  was  a  country  gentleman  of  mark, 
father  of  a  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England— the 
gardens  have  afforded  examples  of  the  several 
styles  that  have  been  in  vogue,  from  the  formal 
Dutch  to  the  modern  English. 

The  house  has  been  much  altered  by  the  im- 
provements of  successive  generations,  while  the 
70  acres  of  ground  around  it  have  changed,  too, 
by  the  substitution  of  fine  timber  and  flower- 
beds for  the  clipped  and  architectural  Yews 
and  the  artificial  parterres  and  terraces 
which  first  came  into  fashion  two  cen- 
turies ago,  and  have  now  been  swept  away 
by  the  broom  of  improvement  as  ruthlessly  as 
leaves  are  brushed  from  a  lawn.  The  specimens 
of  Oaks  and  Elm.s  and  Planes,  Cedars  of  Leba- 
non, Limes,  and  Abies  are  exceedingly  hand- 
some, and  render  the  place  as  pleasing  as  any 
site  in  this  butter-making  flat  of  the  Vale  of 
Aylesbury  can  be. 

A  very  interesting  event  in  the  history  of 
Hartwell  occurred  when  it  became  the  refuge 
of  King  I  ouis  XVIII.  and  his  court.  It  was 
during  several  years  crowded  by  members 
of  the  royal  family  of  France,  and  of  the 
highest  nobility,  who  were  packed  away  at 
Hartwell  in  exceedingly  close  quarters,  includ- 
ing the  King,  the  (Jueen  (who  died  here),  the 
Comte  d'Artois,  the  Due  and  Duchesse  d'An- 
goulcme.  Due  de  Berri,  Due  de  Grammont, 
and  other  dukes  and  duchesses,  besides  counts, 
barons,  chevaliers,  abbesses,  physicians,  and 
their  domestics,  numbering,  all  told,  140  as 
the  usual  family,  and  sometimes  200  when 
company  arrived :  only  the  ingenuity  of  the 
French  could  have  accomplished  such  a  squeeze. 
But  for  six  years  Hartwell  remained  a  happy  as 
well  as  overflowing  househould.  Most  of  the 
rooms  and  closets  were  subdivided,  while  the 
adjacent  cottages  were  also  occupied  by  those 
who  had  hitherto  been  accustomed  to  the  best 
salons  of  Paris.  A  French  gentleman,  how- 
ever, is  a  cheerful  personage,  easily  amused, 
"tickled  with  a  straw,"  and  until  another  Revolu- 
tion brings  to  Hartwell  another  such  a  com- 
pany from  Paris,  such  merriment  as  enlivened 
that  rather  dreary  neighbourhood  will  hardly 
be  repeated  there.  We  sometimes  say  of  the 
residences  of  farmers  in  England,  iitansit  oiior, 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  mirth,  music, 
and  dancing  at  Hartwell  during  the  residence 
of  the  French.  The  example  of  the  King  was 
admirable,   for  th,e  "royal   sage  of  Hartwell" 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  Cauqust  ,.  .885. 


was  not  merely  a  scholar  and  philosopher,  but 
a  gentleman  noted  for  his  ^avoir  vivre  and  wit. 
Uuring  the  ownership  of  the  late  Dr.  Lee,  to 
whom  1  was  introduced  many  years  ago,  and 
«ho  showed    me  his  museum  and  observatory, 
his  friend  Admiral   Smyth,  an   antiquarian  anc^ 
archLfologist,  prepared  a  learned  volume  entitled 
■Eiies  HarlivellUna,  which  I  have  read  and    1 
fear,   forgotten.      Another   and   more    popular 
account  of  Hartwell  and  of  a  visit  t<3  the  French 
Kinc  by  the  well  known  auihor  of  the  Grcville 
Memoirs  (vol.  ii.,  p.  345).  by  Mr.  Greville  hmv 
self  as  a  youth  of  eighteen,  with  his  father,  is  as 
follows  :-"  About  ten  years  ago  my  father  and 
1  went  to   Hartwell   by  invitation  of  the  King. 
We   dressed    at    Aylesbury   and   proceeded   to 
Hartwell  in  the  afternoon.    We  had  previously 
taken  a  walk  in  the  environs  of  the  town,  and 
had  met  the  Duchesse   d'AngoulOme  on  horse- 
back accompanied  by  a  Madame   Cho.se      At 
five  o'clock  we  set  out  for  Hartwell.     The  house 
is  lar-e,  but  in  a  dreary,  disagreeable  situation. 
The  King  had  completely  altered  the  interior, 
bavin-    subdivided   almost  all  the  apartments 
in  order  to  lodge  a  greater  number  of  people 
There  were  numerous  outhouses,  in    some    ot 
which  small  shops  had  been  established  by  the 
servants,  interspersed  with  gardens,  so  that  the 
place  resembled  a  little  town." 

They  were  conducted  by  the  Due  de  Gram- 
mont   into   a  small   private   apartment  hardly 
larger  than   a  closet,   where   the    exiled  King 
received    them    most     graciously    and     shook 
bands.     Pictures  ot   the  late  King  and  Queen, 
Madame    Elizabeth,  and  the    Dauphin,  Louis 
XVII     hun-  on  the   walls.      The    King    con- 
iinued  rather  oddly  during  the  audience,  sway- 
in"  hislbody  backwards  and  forwards-a  habit 
which,   in   so   small    a    cabin,   caused   in   the 
elder  visitor  sensations  resembling  sea-sickness. 
After  the   interview  the  whole  party  assembled 
in  the  salon,  a  large  room  which,  at   that  time, 
had  a  billard-table  at  one  end,  and  here  the 
visitors    were     presented     to     the     Due    ^"^ 
Duchesse    d'Augouleme,    the     Due    de    Bern, 
the   Prince    and    Princess   de    CondtS   and    a 
number    of    other    Dues  and    notabilities,    in- 
cluding  the   Duchesse   de   Sirron,  a   little   old 
dame  dlumntiir;  to  Madame  d'Angouleme,  and 
the  Archbishop  of  Reims,  an  infirm  old  prelate, 
I  martyr  to  the   tic  doloureux.     Soon  after  six 
dinner  was    announced,  and  the   party  passed 
into  the  adjoiningiroom,  the   King  walking  out 
first.      The    dinner   consisted  of   a  few  dishes 
only  and  two  sorts  of  wine-port  and  sherry, 
the  native  vintages  of  France  not  being  repre- 
sented.    But  the  King  himself  did  the  honours, 
and   the   repast,  though  plain,  was  agreeable, 
being  seasoned  by  the  civility  of  a  monarch. 

Mr  Greville  gives  an  interesting  account  of 
the   habits   of  the  illustrious  exiles  and   their 
friends      After  dinner,  which  lasted  but  a  short 
time,   the  ladies    and    gentlemen    all    got   up 
together.      Each   lady   folded   up   her  napkin, 
tie°d  it  round  with  a  bit  of  ribbon,  and  earned 
it    away,   and   all    present.    Dues    as    well    as 
Duchesses,  returned  to  the  drawing-room   and 
drank  coffee.     After  a  quarter  of  an  hours  con- 
versation the  King  retired  to  his  closet,  and  the 
rest  of  the    party  followed  his   example,  and 
sought  their  private    apartments-but  not  for 
bed  '     The  Grevilles  were  taken  to  the  Due  de 
Grammonfs  apartments,  where  they  drank  tea, 
and  in    about  three-quarters  of  an  hour  they 
went  to  the  apanmentof  Madame  d'Angouleme, 
where  most  of  the  party  were  assembled,  and 
where   they  remained   about   a   quarter   of  an 
hour       All    then    descended   to    the    drawing- 
room,  where   several  card-tables  were  laid  out 
and  the  King  played  whist  with  the  Prince  and 
Princess  de  Conde  and  Mr.  Greville,  the  King 
settling  the  points  of  the  game  at  /.•  f/f"'' .'''«" 
shilline:.    The  rest  of  the  party  played  billiards 
and  ombre.      A  very  gracious  invitation  from 
his    Majesty   to    remain   the   night   instead   ot 
returning  to  the  inn  at  Aylesbury  induced  thtm 


to  sleep  at  Hartwell,  after  due  warning  as  to 
the  slender  accommodation.  "  I  fear  you  will 
be/n-i  ,nalUx>'si'  said  the  king,  "but one  offers 
what  one  can." 

They  retired  at  ii  o'clock,  and  tre.  iital  lop-s 
they  were  1  Among  their  endless  experiences 
some  of  the  family  had  adopted  roof  gardening 
—that  is,  they  had  carried  up  some  earth,  and 
had  planted  some  little  gardens,  and  in  the 
morning,  just  as  Mr.  Greville,  the  elder,  had 
arisen  from  his  couch,  an  old  woman  on  the 
roof  hove  in  view  upon  the  leads  just  outside 
his  window,  where  she  remained— an  elderly 
Eve,  tending  her  plants— while  he  dived  hastily 
beneath  the  clothes  again. 

At  ten  they  breakfasted,  and  at  eleven  took 
leave  of  the  King,  who  then  went  to  mass, 
according  to  his  custom,  while  they  went  to 
town.  And  so  time  slid  at  Hartwell.  IniSii 
Gustavus  IV.,  the  dethroned  King  of  Sweden, 
visited  the  King,  two  crownless  monarchs  to- 
gether :  Our  "  royal  sage  "  remained  expectant, 
and  the  drama  on  the  Continent  proceeded. 
At  the  birth  of  the  King  of  Rome  he  observed 
in  one  of  his  clever  and  animated  letters,  "  So 
then  we  have  a  babe  in  the  Napoleon  family  !— 
all  the  babes  in  the  world  will  not  prevent  the 
overthrow  of  iniquity." 

The  prediction  came  true.  The  Allies  entered 
Paris,  and  Louis  all  at  once  became  Lc  Desire. 
The  family  were  at  prayers  at  Hartwell  on  the 
morning  of  Lady  Day,  1814,  when  the  rumbling 
of  wheels  appro.aching  rapidly  disturbed  them, 
and  two  post-chaises  and  four,  followed  soon  by 
other  carri.iges,  containing  deputies  from  Paris 
and  Bordcuix,  bearing  the  white  flag  of  the 
Bourbons,  dashed  up  to  the  door.  Louis 
received  his  visitors  in  the  library,  signed  a 
declaration  which  Talleyrand  had  suggested, 
and  presently  became  king. 

Modern  gardening  on  a  costly  scale  is  not 
carried  out  at  Hartwell  now,  but  the  beauty  of 
pleasure  grounds  depends  quite  as  much  on 
shrubs  and  trees  and  permanent  subjects  as  on 
that  kind  of  gardening  which  is  fugitive  in  its 
effects  ;  and  those  owners  are  fortunate  whose 
predecessors  were  not  unmindful  of  posterity. 
H.E. 


and  wide-set  pinnules  give  to  it,  give  it  a  perfect  claim 
to  the  title  of  elegans  which  we  propose  to  apply  to 
it.  Less  dense  than  the  typical  form  and  less  gos- 
samer-like than  the  variety  gracillimum,  it  is  about 
intermediate  between  the  two,  perfectly  distinct  and 
equally  effective  as  a  decorative  plant.  It  was  raised 
by  Mr.  C.  Kershaw,  of  Slead-Syke  Nurseries,  near 
Brighouse,  who  will  probably  in  due  time  be  pre- 
pared to  distribute  it.    T.  Moore. 


ADIANTL'M  CUNEATUM  ELEG.^NS,  a.  v^r. 
FkO.nds  triangular  quadripinnate  as  in  the  type  ; 
pinnules  (uUimate)  very  narrowly  cuneate,  for  the  most 
part  slightly  oblique  ot  incurved,  the  upper  margin 
undivided  or  more  usually  bilobed,  occasionally  Iri- 
lobed  ;  sori  one,  two,  or  three,  on  each  pinnule, 
according  to  the  absence  or  presence  of  apical  lobes, 
each  surrounding  the  base  of  an  apical  notch,  roundish 
teniform  ;  indusium  pallid,  of  the  same  form,  entire. 

This  is  an  elegant  variety  of  the  old  favourite  ever- 
green Fern,  Adiantum  cuneatum.  Its  fronds  are  about 
the  normal  size,  the  specimens  before  us  having  a 
dark  giossy  stipes  of  about  6  inches  long,  and  a  tri- 
angular frond  or  lamina  measuring  about  9  inches  in 
length  and  .-is  much  across  the  base.  The  pinnct-, 
which  are  ovale,  triangular,  have  a  distinct  stalk,  and 
the  whole  frond  has  a  light  and  open  appearance 
owing  to  the  pinnules  being  rather  widely  set  on  the 
hair-like  divisions  o(  the  fronds.  The  pinnules  are 
quite  small,  the  larger  ones  not  exceedmg  one-fourth 
of  an  inch  in  length,  and  one-eighth  of  an  inch  across 
the  widest  part  at  the  lip,  while  many  are  not  half  this 
size  •  their  form  is  narrowly  wedge-shaped  and  usually 
they  are  slightly  oblique  ot  laterally  curved,  being 
curved  inwards  towatds  the  tachis.  The  smaller  ones 
are  undivided  and  have  a  solitary  sorus,  with  its 
roundish  reniform,  pale-coloured,  entire  indusmm  ; 
the  medium-siied  ones  are  usually  parted  into  two 
lobes,  each  lobe  bearing  a  sorus  ;  and  the  latget  ones 
ate  patted  into  thtee  lobes,  all  fertile. 

.  The  thtee  fronds  before  us  are  quite  uniform  in 
character,  so  that  the  variety  may  be  considered  as  a 
fixed  one  ;  and  the  light  airy  appearance  which  its  small 


Sedum  formosanum  (iV.  E.  Br.),  n.  sp, 
ThTs  an  exceedingly  pretty  and  rather  graceful 
species,  which  is  now  making  a  fine  show  in  the  Suc- 
culent-house ar  Kew.  It  is  a  native  of  Formosa, 
where  it  was  collected  in  June,  1SS4,  by  Mr.  C. 
Ford,  and  sent  to  Kew.  It  is  an  annual  species, 
and  likely  to  be  useful  for  outdoot  effect.  The  only 
species  known  to  me  with  which  it  is  likely  to  be 
confused  is  the  Chinese  S.  Alftedi,  Hance,  but  it  is 
easily  distinguished  from  that  plant  by  its  etect  carpels, 
since  in  S.  Alftedi  they  ate  widely  divergent. 

Annual,  quite  glabrous,  gtowing  to  about  6  inches 
high  ;  stem  repeatedly  branched  from  near  the  base 
in  a  trichotomous  or  dichotomous  manner,  with  diver- 
gent branches,  the  ultimate  branches  recurving,  very 
indistinctly  tettagonal,   with  a  groove  down  two  of 
the  faces,  very  pale  green  tinged  with  ted.     Leaves 
I_3  in  whotls   at  the  btanchings  of  the  stem,  with 
occasionally  1-3  on  the  long  intetnode  between  the 
points  of  btanching,  1—1 J  inch  long,  \  inch  btoad, 
flat,  spatulate,  obtuse,   tecutving  towatds  the    apex, 
softly  succulent,  btight  gieen  above,  palei  beneath, 
midtib  distinctly  imptessed.     Flowets  sessile  (except 
those  in  the  ptimary  fotkings  of  the  stem,  which  ate 
sometimes    pedicellate),    btacteate,    btacts    like    the 
leaves,    but   smallet ;    calyx    green,    sepals   unequal, 
1—2  lines  long,  fleshy,  spathulate,  obtuse,  spreading  ; 
corolla   btight   yellow,  petals   lanceolate  acuminate, 
channelled  down  the  face,  vety  spieading  ;  stamens 
shottet  th.an  the  petals,  filaments  yellow,  anthers  at 
first     red,    aftetwatds     black  ;     hypogynous    scales 
minute,    sub-tectangular,    pallid  ;    carpels   etect    in 
flowet    and    in    ftuit,    with   shott    subulate   slightly 
tecutving  styles.     Fotmosa  ;  Oldham,  255  (112  Kew 
distribution)  !  ;  Wilford,  523  !  N.  E.  Brown. 

AHrides  Lobbii,  Hort.  Veilch  (Mr.  Cypher's 

variety). 
I  have  seen  enough  of  Aetides  Lobbii.  It  has  flat 
leaves,  a  panicled  inflorescence,  and  spotted  flowers. 
It  is  in  remarkably  great  petlection  at  Hamburgh  in 
the  vety  fine  colleclion  of  Hetr  H.  von  Ohlendoift, 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  Blythe,  an  excellent  Orchid 
grower,  once  of  the  establishment  of  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sons.  Mt.  J.  Cyphet,  Cheltenham,  Queen's  Road 
Nursety,  sends  a  vety  cutious  specimen.  The  leaf  is 
taihet  nattow  fot  A.  Lobbii— of  course,  flat.  The 
inflorescence  is  not  a  panicle,  but  a  very  long  raceme 
with  large  flowets,  covered  with  remarkably  dark 
purple  spots  and  stripes.  The  lip  is  so  covered  with 
iows  of  spots  that  it  appeats  at  a  distance  to  be 
self-colouted  putple,  with  the  exception  of  the  white 
natrow  margin.  It  would  be  very  interesting  to  leain 
whethet  thete  are  many  such  plants,  and  whetner 
they  will  keep  constant  in  future  as  to  the  simple,  not 
panicled  laceme.  H.  G.  Riht.  f. 


MORMODES   LUXATUM    PUNCTATU.M,  <>.    var. 

A  variety,  whose  whitish  flowers  have  numerous 
small  reddish  spots  on  the  inner  side  of  the  sepals  and 
petals.  It  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  !•.  Sander.  H. 
G.  Rchb.  f. 

L.«LIA  SLEGANS    PLATYCHILA,  «.  Z'ir. 

Neat  Lslia  elegans  [.itasiata ;  sepals  and  petals 
narrow,  and  without  any  green  paint.  Lip  lematk- 
ablv  btoad,  and  neatly  confluent.  I  had  it  ftom  Mr. 
F.  Sander,  who  tells  me  it  was  grown  by  John 
I^iley,  Esq.,  of  Burnley.   //.  G.  Rchb,  f. 

LiLlU.M    BkOWNII    (Mielle)   VAR.    VIRIDULUM, 

Baker. 
This  appears  to  be  a  well-marked  variety  of  this 
species,  which  is  the  plant  I  fotmeily  {Journ.Ltnn. 
Sx  vol  xiv  p.  230)  supposed  to  be  the  Lilium 
iaponicum  of  Thunberg,  but  which  the  authentic 
specimen  in  Thunbetg's  hetbatium  shows  to  be  really 
what  has  of  late  years  been  called  L.  Ktameti.  I  torn 
the  typical  L.  Biownii.  as  figured  in  the  Flore  des 
Scrrei  t  47,  the  piesent  diffets  m  the  cteamy- 
white 'colout  of  its  flowets,  which  are  tinged  on 
the  outside  with  yellowish.green,  with  only  a  faint 
dash  of  claret-brown.  The  leaves  ate  much  broader 
and  shottet  than  in  the  type,  those  of  the  uppet  part 
of  the  stem  being  only  two  or  three  inches  ong  by  an 
inch  broad,  oblong-lanceolate  instead  of  lanceo la  e. 
It  has  been  imported  from  Japan  by  Mt.  T.  S.  \\aie. 
J.  G.  Baker. 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


135 


HARDY    FLOWERS    IN    JULY. 

The  hot  sun  has  made  the  succession  of  flowers 
very  rapid,  but,  with  the  help  of  the  water-pot,  the 
garden  has  continued  gay  through  July.  I  mention  a 
few  plants  in  flower  on  July  25,  selecting  some  which 
are  not  in  universal  cultivation  :  — 

ASTRANTIA   HELLEBORIFOLIA. 

The  only  one  of  the  genus,  as  far  as  I  have  seen, 
of  which  the  flowers  have  a  decided  colour,  and  in 
the  species  they  are  good  pink.  It  is  a  native  of  the 
mountainous  regions  between  the  Elack  and  Caspian 
Seas.  The  leaves  are  divided  in  the  centre  into 
three  equal  ovate  acute  lobes.  The  flowers  are  as 
large  as  those  of  A.  major,  but  less  freely  produced. 
It  runs  fast  underground. 

Geranium  ar.menum. 
A  very  handsome  plant  in  a  sunny  season  like  this. 
.Several  plants  here,  4  feet  high  and  6  feet  across, 
make  a  great  display.  The  flowers  are  larger  than 
those  of  any  other  Geranium,  and  are  produced  in 
abundance.  It  does  best  on  a  dry  raised  bed,  and 
where  it  has  room  to  spread  to  the  ground  all  round 
the  centre.  It  may  be  cut  up  in  autumn,  and  pieces 
grow  rapidly.  It  ripens  seed  in  good  seasons,  fertile 
seed  being  easily  distinguished.  The  seedlings  flower 
the  second  year. 

Gera.nium  Wallichianum. 
A  good  Himalayan  plant,  doing  well  in  a  dry  and 
well-drained  soil  like  that  of  Kew,  where  it  occupies 
a  large  share  of  the  Geranium  bed  in  the  herbaceous 
garden.  It  is  a  prostrate,  wide-spreading  plant, 
doing  well  on  the  edge  of  a  bank.  The  flowers  are 
large  and  prettily  maiked  with  conspicuous  black 
veins.  They  vary  in  different  plants  from  dark  blue 
to  pink.     The  kind  is  increased  best  by  seed. 

IIypoch.eris  maculata. 

A  rare  native  plant,  and  a  very  effective  subject  for 
a  sunny  border,  where  the  soil  is  deep  and  dry.  It 
has  large  handsome  spotted  leaves,  the  shape  of  those 
of  the  common  Cafs-ear.  The  stalk  is  stiff,  and 
about  2  feet  high  in  cultivation,  branching  into  three 
or  four  large  (lower-heads  of  bright  golden-yellow. 
It  continues  long  in  llower,  bearing  all  weathers  well, 
and  is  universally  admired,  though  seldom  seen  in 
gardens.  It  is  perennial,  but  should  be  grown  from 
seed. 

Odo.mtospermum  maritimum. 

Though  not  quite  hardy  this  beautiful  plant,  from 
Southern  Europe,  is  a  most  desirable  addition  to  the 
summer  garden.  Cuttings  may  be  taken  in  Sep- 
tember and  wintered  in  a  cold  frame,  and  the  plants 
put  in  deep  sandy  soil  in  a  hot  sunny  part  of  the 
garden  in  May.  The  habit  of  the  plant  is  compact 
and  excellent,  and  the  flowers  continue  to  be  pro- 
duced so  abundantly  until  the  end  of  summer  as  to 
overlap  one  another.  They  are  of  remarkable 
regularity,  and  bright  clear  yellow. 

Senecio  leucophvllus. 

A  species  from  the  Pyrenees,  with  much  crimped, 

very   silvery   leaves,    rising   not   more  than  3  inches 

from  the  ground.     The  chief  merit  lies  in  the  foliage, 

the  flower  being  like  that  of  a  small  Ragwort. 

Senecio  macrophyllus. 
This  plant  is  often  called  Ligularia,  and  is  a  fine 
conspicuous  subject  for  a  back  row.  The  leaves  are 
large  and  glaucous,  shaped  like  those  of  Horse  Radish. 
The  flower-stalk  is  6  feet  high,  bearing  a  tuft  of 
yellow  flowers,  like  a  magnified  Golden  Rod,  2  feet 
long  and  I  foot  through.  I  recollect,  when  there  was 
a  long  walk  of  flowers  at  Hale  Farm  Nursery,  think- 
ing these  the  most  effective  plants  in  the  row.  The 
Caucasus  is  the  native  country. 

Senecio  japonicus, 
called  also  Erythrochiele  palmatifida,  or  red-haired, 
with  palmate-cleft  leaves,  a  name  which  describes  the 
orange-yellow  of  the  flowers,  as  well  as  the  broad 
characteristic  leaves  with  five  deeply  cut  laciniated 
segments.  It  flowers  best  in  sheltered  and  sunny 
situations.  Like  nearly  all  Japanese  plants  it  is 
liable  to  be  injured  in  bud  by  cold  spring  winds.  It 
flowers  in  umbels  like  a  gigantic  Ragweed,  each 
flower  being  quite  4  inches  across.  The  plant  grows 
about  4  or  5  feet  high. 


Centaurea  glastifolia. 
Two  fine  plants,  with  large  Thistle-like  flowers, 
compete  with  one  another  for  merit  as  decorative  ; 
both  are  5  feet  high,  and  branch  from  the  ground  to 
3  or  4  feet  across  ;  both  came  to  me  from  Western 
Asia.  One  I  obtained  some  years  ago  at  Hale  Farm 
Nursery  by  the  name  of  Centaurea  aurea  ;  but  it  is 
not  the  plant  of  that  name  figured  in  Bot.  Ma^.^ 
tab.  421,  but  the  Centaurea  glastifolia  of  ^«/.  ^/aj;., 
tab.  62,  described  by  Boissier  in  his  F/ora  0/icnlalis 
under  the  generic  name  of  Charlolepis.  It  has  a  more 
slender  growth  than  the  following,  and  the  flowering 
season  is  longer,  but  the  flower-heads  are  smaller. 
It  ripens  no  seed  at  Edge,  but  is  easily  divided. 

Centaurea  mackocephala, 
figured  in  Bot.  Mag.  1248,  is  a  stouter  and  larger 
plant,  having  many  flower-stalks,  each  surmounted  by 
one  flower;  but  fifty  flowers  out  at  a  time  make  a 
great  display,  and  plants  of  three  or  four  years  old 
have  as  many  as  that.  It  ripens  seed  in  abundance, 
and  the  seedlings  flower  the  second  year.  The 
flowers  last  for  about  a  fortnight. 

Ox-eye  Daisies. 

This  is  the  time  for  the  large  white  Daisies  of  the 
"  Ox-eye  "  class — Leucanthemum — now  made  a  sub- 
species to  Chrysanthemum —  has  usually  been  their 
generic  name.  Several  are  enumerated  which  ap- 
proach so  near  to  one  another,  and  to  our  wild  Ox- 
eye  (C.  vulgare),  that  botanists  have  been  tempted 
to  class  them  all  as  varieties  of  one.  Two  of  these 
are  prominent  as  the  best,  and  I  highly  recommend 
them.  Their  characters  are  easily  recognised,  though 
they  may  truly  say  "  by  many  names  men  call  us." 
I  follow  the  names  adopted  at  Kew.  The  best  and 
earliest  of  the  two  is 

Chrysanthemum  maximum. 

A  native  of  the  Pyrenees.  The  flower  of  this  in 
cultivation  is  often  nearly  5  inches  across.  The  plant 
spreads  widely  from  a  small  base  ;  the  stalks  are  of 
uneven  height,  varying  when  the  plant  is  in  flower 
from  2  feet  outside  the  clump,  to  3  feet,  or  even 
4  feet,  in  my  garden  in  the  centre.  The  rays  of  the 
flower  are  unequal  in  length,  giving  it  the  appearance 
of  a  decorative  star.  The  leaves  are  lanceolate  near 
the  base  of  the  stalk,  4  inches  long  and  I  inch  wide, 
and  acute,  generally  serrated  at  the  edges,  but  some- 
times smooth.  These  become  short  and  narrow  as  the 
flower  is  approached,  until  the  highest  are  awl-shaped, 
I  inch  or  less  long.  The  plant  is  much  improved  by 
being  pulled  to  pieces  in  autumn  and  replanted  in  good 
soil.  This  plant  came  to  me  some  years  ago  as  C. 
atiatum,  a  name  it  often  bears.  The  true  C.  atiatum 
is  still  nearer  C.  vulgare,  and  I  do  not  know  it  in  cul- 
tivation. C.  tripteris  is  another  of  the  names,  but  of 
no  authority,  by  which  C.  maximum  figures  in  gardens. 

C.  l.ATIPOLIUM 
comes  into  flower  nearly  a  month  later  and  is  a  larger 
and  coarser  plant,  though  the  flowers  are  smaller.  It 
is  more  commonly  called  C.  lacustre,  but  its  Kew 
name  rightly  describes  it,  as  it  has  leaves  fully  2  inches 
across  and  obtuse,  becoming  shorter,  but  not  narrower 
as  the  top  of  the  stalk  is  approached.  The  stalk  is 
very  stout  and  swells  beneath  the  flower-bud.  It 
is  found  wild  only  in  Portugal.  A  botanical  friend 
who  lives  there  tells  me  that  it  is  by  no  means 
common  ;  he  found  a  bed  early  this  summer  growing 
fully  ID  feet  high,  from  which  he  sent  me  seed.  It 
germinated  at  once,  and  I  now  have  a  thick  crop 
6  inches  high.  The  flowering  season  lasts  into  Sep- 
tember.    The  ordinary  height  in  my  garden  is  6  feet. 

Campanula  lactiflora, 
a  native  of  the  mountains  of  Asia  Minor  and 
Armenia,  is  one  of  the  finest  garden  plants  in  cultiva- 
tion, if  properly  treated.  One  of  them  now  attracts 
attention  first  of  all  the  plants  in  a  long  flower  bed 
here.  It  is  6  feet  high,  three  years  old,  and  has  about 
thirty  flowering  stalks  ;  each  ot  these  has  a  dense 
bunch  of  flowers  2  feet  long  and  9  inches  through. 
The  colour  is  clear  pale  blue,  and  the  whole  mass 
makes  a  very  effective  display  when  properly 
disposed  by  staking  and  tying.  Nothing  can  be 
more  simple  than  its  cultivation.  Seedlings  which 
come  up  here  spontaneously,  flower  the  first 
year  at  a  foot  high.  .Select  the  colour  you  like  best, 
as  they  vary  from  blue  to  white,  and  plant  them  in 
any  situation  in  rich  soil,  giving  plenty  of  room.  The 
root-stock  soon  becomes  large  and  hard  and  chokes 
the  plant,  which  ought  not  to  be  expected  to  do  well 
lor  more  than  three  or  four  years. 


Helenium  Bolanderi  and  H.  autumnale,  var. 

PUMILUM 

are  both  excellent  plants.  The  latter  is  well 
known  and  only  requires  management  to  keep  it 
vigorous,  and  to  prevent  it  running  too  much.  The 
former  has  been  distributed  under  the  wrong  name  of 
grandiflorum,  which,  according  to  Asa  Gray,  is  a 
synonym  of  the  large  forms  of  H.  autumnale.  Our 
plant  is  the  earliest  of  its  class  to  flower  ;  has  a  weak 
stalk  a  foot  or  iS  inches  high,  a  black  disc,  and  is 
certainly  the  H.  Bolanderi  of  Asa  Gray. 

Aster  Bigelovii 
was  figured  in  Bot.  Mag.,  tab.  6430,  as  A.  Town- 
shendii,  but  Asa  Gray,  whose  authority  is  absolute 
for  the  names  of  North  American  Composites,  sajs 
that  it  is  to  be  A.  Bigelovii.  It  is  only  biennial,  but 
well  worth  growing.  In  cold  soils  it  is  not  very 
hardy,  belonging,  as  it  does,  to  the  South-Western 
.Stales.  I  find  it  best  to  sow  in  summer,  and  keep 
the  pans  in  a  frame  through  winter,  planting  out  in 
May.  The  plants  then  flower  all  July  and  August. 
The  flowers  are  2^  inches  across,  and  have  dark  purple 
rays,  with  a  rich  golden  disc.  The  habit  is  branching, 
and  the  flower-stalks  produce  flowers  nearly  from  the 
ground,  growing  4  feet  high.  It  is  handsome  and 
distinct.  ' 

(Enothera  marginata, 

figured  in  Bot.  Mai;.,  tab.  1593,  as  Oi.  ciespitosa,  is 
by  far  the  finest  of  its  class,  but  many  gardeners  seem 
to  lose  it.  I  find  it  not  difficult  to  keep  by  constant 
transplanting  in  light  moist  soil  and  an  open  situation. 
Each  flower  lasts  only  from  6  in  the  evening  to  the 
next  noon,  but  the  flowers  are  abundantly  produced, 
'and  perfume  the  night  air,  showing  conspicuously  in 
the  twilight.  The  flowering  season  is  continued  for 
long,  the  underground  runners  of  spring  becoming 
the  flowering  plants  of  autumn,  but  it  must  have  and 
deserves  to  have  ample  room  to  develope  these. 
C.  WolUy  Do^,  Edge  Hall,  Malpas,  July  25. 


TERRESTRIAL    ORCHIDS    OF 
SOUTH  AFRICA. 

Whilst  epiphytal  Orchids  are  diligently  sought 
after  and  carefully  cultivated,  the  terrestrial  species 
have  been  very  much  neglected,  although  among 
them  are  many  that  are  equally  beautiful  as  a 
number  of  the  epiphytical  species,  which  are  so  highly 
prized  and  high  priced.  The  reason  of  this  may  pos- 
sibly be  because  it  has  generally  been  found  that, 
after  flowering,  the  plants  fail  to  appear  again  in  the 
succeeding  season  ;  but  how  far  this  is  due  to  natural 
causes,  not  understood,  and  how  far  to  ignorance  of 
the  proper  method  of  treatment,  remains  to  be  dis- 
covered. Probably  both  causes  have  operated,  for  it 
is  well  known  that  some  species  will  appear,  and 
flower  in  abundance  during  one  or  two  seasons  in  their 
native  habitats,  and  then  be  seen  no  more  for  several 
years  ;  I  have  observed  our  English  Orchis  ustulata 
do  this  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Reigate.  But  most 
species  appear  regularly  every  year  in  their  native 
localities,  and  with  these  it  is  difficult  to  assign  any 
other  reason  for  failure  under  cultivation  than  that 
they  have  not  been  properly  treated.  The  terrestrial 
Orchids  are  chiefly  natives  of  the  extra-tropical 
regions,  and  as  some  of  them  grow  in  dry  situations, 
others  in  marshy  ground,  some  at  low  and  some  at  high 
elevations,  some  near  the  sea  coast  and  others  inland, 
they  no  doubt  require  different  methods  of  treatment 
under  cultivation  to  meet  their  several  requirements  ; 
but  so  long  as  the  cultivator  has  no  knowledge  of  the 
soil,  situation,  climate,  &c.,  in  which  the  plants  he 
has  to  cultivate  thrive,  especially — as  seems  to  be  the 
case  with  terrestrial  Orchids — if  they  are  not  such  as 
can  easily  adapt  themselves  to  different  conditions,  he 
may  be  a  long  while  experimenting  before  he  succeeds 
in  cultivating  them  easily.  With  a  view  of  giving 
some  information  upon  a  few  of  these  points 
that  may  perhaps  be  found  of  practical  utility, 
I  propose  to  enumerate  some  of  the  finest  of 
the  South  African  Orchids  (nearly  all  of  which 
are  terrestrial),  giving  brief  descriptions,  and  what 
particulars  I  possess  as  to  the  conditions  under  which 
they  grow,  and  the  locality  in  which  they  are  found 
in  their  wild  state  ;  adding  at  the  end  some  observa- 
tions as  to  what  may  possibly  be  the  best  mode  of 
treating  them  under  cultivation.  I  have  chosen  the 
South  African  species  for  these  notes  in  preference  to 
those  of  other  regions,  because  I  am  better  acquainted 
with  them  in  the  first  place,  and,  secondly,  because  I 
learn  that  during  the  last  year  or  two  some  importa- 
tions of  them  have  taken  place,  but  I  believe  with  not 
very  successful  results  hitherto. 


136 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  18 


There  are,  however,  in  Europe,  Australia,  New 
Z=aland,  and  Chili,  numerous  other  terrestrial  Orchids 
of  as  much  interest  and  beauty  as  the  South  African 
ones.  Mr.  Elwes  has  recently  drawn  attention  to 
some  of  them  in  these  columns,  dealing  more  especially 
with  the  European  species,  and  if  desirable  I  may  on 
a  future  occasion  give  some  account  of  those  from 
other  regions  in  the  same  way  as  I  here  deal  with  the 
South  African  species. 

For  notes  relating  to  the  soil,  situation,  altitude, 
&c.,  of  many  of  the  Cape  penmsula  species  I  am 
greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  H.  Bolus,  of  Cape  Town,  and 
the   sentences  placed  between  inverted  commas  are 


fewer  than  in  most  of  the  species,  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  lax.  Flowers  i— S  in  a  lax  spike,  about 
3  inch  in  expanse  ;  dull  yellow,  the  sepals  yellowish- 
green  ;  labellum  reniform,  with  a  quadrate  greenish 
fleshy  appendage  on  the  disc.  Moist  grassy  places, 
in  sandy  soil,  on  Table  Mountain,  &c.,  at  about 
2000  feet  elevation.     It  flowers  in  December. 

C.  chlorolcuca.  Eckl.— A  fine  species,  6  —  12  inches 
high,  stem  well  clothed  with  linear-lanceolate  leaves. 
Flower-spike  3—6  inches  long,  dense.  Flowers 
%  inch  in  expanse,  yellow.  Labellum  with  a  purple 
quadrate  appendage  on  the  cordate-lunate  expanded 
part.     To  judge  from  dried  specimens   this  ought  to 


is  to  be  used  for  seedling  Calceolarias,  Cinerarias, 
and  Primulas. 

I  hope  Mr.  Jarman  will  receive  the  well  deserved 
support  of  all  in  the  locality ;  his  energy  in  starting 
such  a  business  in  such  a  sleepy  place  as  Chard  being 
most  commendable.  The  good  folk  of  the  town  and 
neighbourhood  can  now  buy  pot  plants,  &c. ,  since 
Mr.  Jarman  has  opened  his  nursery,  but  before  they 
could  only  purchase  such  things  on  the  weekly 
market  days.  To  meet  the  demands  of  a  very  fast 
increasing  trade  a  more  central  position  in  the  heart 
of  the  town  has  been  purchased  to  erect  a  commodious 
seed  shop  and  stores,  R.  Andrezm, 


copied  from  his  notes.  Mr.  Bolus  is  making  a  special  be  an  ornamental  plant  in  cultivation.  It  grows  in 
study  of  the  Cape  Orchids,  and  his  information  may  moist  sandy  soil  on  Table  Mountain,  at  2400  feet 
therefore  be   taken   as  about   the   best  that  can  be      elevation,  and  elsewhere,  and  flowers  in  November 

and  Decembe 


obtained. 

In  South  Africa  there  are  about  thirty  genera  of 
Orchids,  out  of  which  only  about  half  a-dozen  contain 
epiphytical  species,  the  rest  being  terrestrial.  Of  the 
epiphytes  there  is  a"Megaclinium,  an  Ansellia,  a  few 
small-flowered  species  of  Angrajcum,  Mystacidium, 
and  Polystachya,  and  a  Cymbidium,  some  of  which 
are  worthy  of  cultivation,  and  a  few  have  already 
been  introduced.  Of  the  genus  Cymbidium  there  are 
also  terrestrial  species.  In  the  following  enumeration 
the  brief  generic  characters  are  chiefly  taken  from 
Harvey's    Genera  of  South  Afriean   Plants ;  and    I 


Lindl. — In  general  appearance  this 
resembles  C.  chloroleuca,  but  the  spike  is  shorter  and 
broader,  and  the  flowers  larger.  The  reniform  ex- 
panded part  of  the  lip  has  no  fleshy  appendage  upon  it. 
It  grows  at  low  elevations  on  sandy  plains  in  the 
vicinity  of  Algoa  Bay,  &c. 

C.  Harreyana,  Lindl.— This  resembles  C.  bicolor 
in  general  appearance,  but  difters  in  its  small  trian- 
gular-lunate acute  lip,  which  is  also  provided  with  a 
fleshy  appendage.  The  sepals  are  green,  and  the 
rest  of  the    flower    yellow.     Moist  grassy   places  on 


ing  in  December.  N.  E.  Braaun, 

[To  be  eoyitinncd.') 


have  arranged  both  genera  and  species  alphabetically      Xable  Mountain,  at  about  2000  feet  elevation,  flower- 

for  convenience  of  reference.     As  most  of  the  genera 

belong   to  the  tribe  Ophrydere   (which  has  granular 

pollen),  the  pollen  masses  are  only  described  in  those 

genera  belonging  to  the  other  tribes.     Besides  the 

species  mentioned  there  are  numerous  others  more  or 

less  worthy  of  cultivation,  and  likely  to  be  introduced. 


Bartholina. 

Sepals  and  petals  erect,  narrow.  Labellum  spurred 
at  the  base,  very  deeply  cut  into  numerous  thread-like 
segments.  This  curious  genus  contains  only  the  two 
following  species.  The  leaf  is  solitary,  and  the 
stem  bears  but  one  flower  :— 

B.  Ethcle,  Bolus.— Resembles  the  following  species 
in  general  appearance,  but  the  petals  are  pale  bluish, 
and  the  lip  pallid,  with  greenish-brown  filaments 
ending  in  a  white  knob.  Found  in  similar  places  to 
the  following,  but  rarer  :  flowering  in  December. 

B.  fcetinata,  R.  Br.  (Bol.  Res-,  t.  1653).— A  curious 
and  interesting  plant,  which,  grouped  in  a  pot,  would 
be  very  striking.  It  has  but  one  roundish  cordate, 
glabrous,  ciliated  leaf,  spreading  on  the  ground,  and 
a  hairy  stem  4—6  inches  high,  bearing  one  flower 
14  inch  in  expanse.  All  three  sepals  are  erect  and 
green  ;  the  petals  and  pectinate  part  of  the  lip  are 
light  violet,  the  middle  part  of  the  lip  being  green. 
This  grows  "among  shrubs,  most  copiously  close  to 
the  sea,  in  well  drained  light  soil  "  on  the  Cape  penin- 
sula and  elsewhere,  flowering  in  September. 

Calanthe. 

Sepals  and  petals  subequal,  free  spreading.  Label- 
lum spurred,  rarely  spurless,  three-lobed,  and  with 
the  middle  lobe  notched,  lamellate  or  tubercled  on 
the  disc.  Pollen  masses  S,  waxy,  much  narrowed  at 
the  base,  adhering  in  fours  to  a  two-partibie  gland. 

Only  one  species  (C.  natalensis,  Rchb.  f.)  in  South 
Africa,  confined  to  Natal  and  the  South-eastern 
districts.  It  is  a  very  handsome  plant,  with  broad 
plaited  acute  leaves,  which  are  produced  at  the  time 
of  flowering,  and  a  flower-stem,  12  —  18  inches  high, 
bearing  numerous  bright  lilac-coloured  flowers  about 
an  inch  in  expanse  ;  the  inner  face  of  the  sepals  and 
petals  are  whitish,  and  the  labellum,  after  two  or  three 
days,  changes  to  salmon-colour.  It  grows  in  swamps 
in  forests,  and,  therefore,  requires  shade  and  plenty 
of  moisture.  This  species  is  now  in  cultivation  :  see 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  p.  7S  of  the  present  volume. 

Ceratandra, 
Odd  sepal  and  petals  united  into  a  hood,  which  is 
usually  in  front  of  the  flower,  and  pendulous  ;  lateral 
sepals  free,  spreading.  Labellum  clawed,  reniform 
or  lunate,  adnate  to  the  column,  with  or  without  a 
fleshy  appendage.  Column  horse-shoe-shaped.  A 
small  genus,  natives  of  the  western  districts  of  Cape 
Colony.  The  roots  are  fascicled  and  fleshy ;  the 
whole  of  the  stem  is  clothed  with  very  narrow  leaves, 
and  the  curious  flowers  are  more  or  less  yellow  in 
colour.  All  of  the  species  ate  probably  worthy  of 
cultivation,  but  the  following  appear  to  be  the 
finest  : — 

C.  bicolor,   Sond. — About   6  inches   high  ;   leaves 


CHARD    NURSERIES. 

Chard,  horticulturally,  was  almost  unknown  until 
a  few  years  since,  when  Mr.  Jarman  came  there  and 
started  a  nursery  business.  The  seed  business  was 
carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Jarman  and  his  son,  the 
present  proprietor,  for  upwards  of  sixty  years,  but 
the  gradual  increase  of  business  rendered  the  manage- 
ment very  onerous,  so  that  it  became  a  necessity  for 
the  successful  prosecution  of  the  atTair  to  start  a  nur- 
sery. The  first  tree  was  planted  by  Mr.  Jarman's 
eldest  son  on  March  28,  1884,  on  a  piece  of  land  near 
the  town,  which  has  been  named  Sptingclose  Nur- 
sery. 

I  was  not  a  little  surprised  recently,  on  being 
shown  round  the  nursery  by  the  manager,  Mr.  Lenge, 
to  see  the  stock  of  useful  stuff  already  got  together, 
and  ready  for  sale.  A  collection  of  choice  Conifers 
looked  very  healthy,  and,  to  judge  from  the  quantity 
of  Rose  stocks  prepared  for  working  this  summer, 
the  Rose  trade  is  intended  to  be  made  a  great  con- 
sideration ;  over  250  varieties  of  the  best  sorts  are 
already  in  stock,  and  about  10,000  stocks  will  be 
worked  this  year.  Perennial  Phloxes  and  P.Tonies 
are  planted  largely  ;  a  large  space  is  allotted  to 
Rhubarb — New  Queen,  Early  Albert,  Linnceus,  and 
Victoiia  being  the  sorts  planted.  Better  soil  could 
scarcely  be  found  for  a  nursery,  being  a  fibrous  loam 
of  great  depth  and  good  quality. 

I  was  much  struck  with  the  lowness  of  the  roofs 
of  the  houses,  which  from  outside  seemed  to  be 
rather  flat  ;  but  was  informed  that  the  angle  adopted 
was  considered  quite  sufiicient  to  throw  off  rain  and 
avoid  drip.  The  buildings  have  be^n  carried  out  by 
a  builder  of  the  locality  from  plans  furnished  by  Mr. 
Jarman,  whose  great  object  was  to  erect  houses  that 
would  ensure  good  sturdy  growth  ;  and  I  think  this 
idea  will  be  fully  realised.  The  houses  being  some- 
what scittered  three  boilers  are  used  for  heating, 
having  more  than  4000  feet  of  4-inch  piping  connected 
to  them,  and  are  arranged  so  that  each  house  can  be 
heated  separately  if  necessary.  One  is  a  span-roof 
house,  27  by  10  feet,  chiefly  filled  with  Ericas. 
Another  is  a  span  35  by  16  feet,  used  for  propagating 
purposes.  It  contained  a  fine  stock  of  Ixoras, 
Crotons,  Coleus,  Eucharis,  Ferns,  and  a  large  batch 
of  seedling  Gloxinias,  and  tuberous  Begonias,  from 
which  some  fine  flowers  are  expected.  Near  this 
house  is  a  long  range  of  pits  and  frames  filled  with 
various  kinds  of  plants.  One  span-house,  35  by 
16  feet,  is  used  for  growing  pot  Roses,  Tree  Ferns, 
Bouvardias,  Azaleas,  and  Camellias.  Pelargoniums 
are  cultivated  in  another  large  span-roofed  house, 
Adianlums  are  grown  in  quantity,  and  Slephanotis  j 
and  in  a  lean-to  was  a  useful  lot  of  plants  for  decora- 
tion—amongst them  fine  specimens  of  Adiantum 
gracillimum.  A  lean-to,  25  by  30  feet,  was  filled 
with  zonal,  tricolor,  and  other  Pelargoniums,  with 
Tea  Roses  in  pots.     Another  span-roof,  30  by  20  feet. 


HETEROTOMA    LOBELIOIDES. 

This  is  at  once  remarkable  for  its  showy  flowers 
and  for  their  singular  structure.  It  is  a  Mexican 
plant,  herbaceous  or  woody  at  the  base,  with  alternate 
stalked  lanceolate  leaves,  and  numerous  flowers  in 
loose  terminal  racemes.  Each  flower  is  about  2  inches 
in  length,  raised  on  a  slender  stalk,  and  of  an  orange- 
crimson  colour,  the  tips  of  the  corolla  being  light 
yellow  or  greenish.  The  extraordinary  shape  of  the 
flower  arises  from  the  great  inequality  of  the  recep- 
tacular  tube.  The  flower-stalk  expands  at  the  summit 
into  a  flat  bowl-shaped  dilatation,  at  one  end  of  which 
are  three  small  calyx-teeth,  while  at  the  other  are  two 
smaller  ones.  The  corolla  is  tubular,  split  down  the 
back,  and  ligulate,  as  in  Lobelia,  prolonged  at  the 
base  into  a  long  spur,  adherent  to  the  anterior  or  pro- 
longed part  of  the  receptacular  tube.  Four  of  the 
five  stamens  originate  from  the  throat  of  the  corolla 
tube,  the  fifth  is  prolonged  into  the  long  spur  of  the 
corolla.  The  anthers  are  coherent,  two  of  them  pro- 
vided with  a  fringe  of  hairs  at  the  top,  three  naked. 
The  anthers  open  by  pairs  at  the  top  behind  the 
fringe  of  hairs,  and  liberate  the  pollen  prior  to  the 
ripening  of  the  stigma.  The  ovary  is  two-celled  with 
numerous  ovules,  as  in  Lobelia.  The  singularity  of 
the  flower  is  thus  brought  about  by  the  dispro- 
portionate 'growth  of  the  receptacular  tube  on  one 
side,  and  which  drags  with  it  two  of  the  sepals  and 
one  of  the  petals— the  latter  in  the  form  of  a  spur. 
The  plant  makes  a  very  handsome  greenhouse  plant, 
though  it  is  not  often  met  with.  Mr.  Moore,  of  the 
Chelsea  Botanic  Garden  cultivates  it  every  year  with 
a  degree  of  success  satisfactory  to  the  gardener,  but 
perhaps  not  so  much  to  the  taste  of  the  botanical 
pupil,  to  whom  the  peculiarities  of  the  flower  must 
prove  somewhat  formidable.  It  is  not  mentioned  in 
Mr.  Baines'  recent  work  on  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  though  amply  worth  including  in  any  choice 
collection.  Seeds  maybe  raised  on  a  hotbed,  and  the 
plant  grown  in  a  compost  of  peat  and  loam.  (Fig.  28.) 


^fltins  of  goods. 

Dictionnaire  des  Roses,  ou  Guide  General  du 
Rosieriste  (Dictionary  of  Rosts,  or  General 
Guide  for  the  Rosarian.)  Far  Max  Singer. 
Tournai  :  Max  Singer. 
In  two  thick  volumes  M.  Max  Singer,  a  Rose 
grower  of  Tournai,  has  laid  before  the  reader  a  descrip- 
tive catalogue  of  6000  Roses.  To  each  Rose  has 
been  appended,  so  far  as  possible,  the  name  of  the 
raiser,  the  date  of  introduction  into  the  trade,  the 
section  to  which  it  belongs,  a  description  of  the  bush, 
the  nature  of  the  foliage,  the  colour  of  the  flower,  &c. 
The  author  recognises  that  his  book  is  not  perfect, 
and  submits  it  to  the  judgment  of  the  critics.  "I 
shall  listen,"  says  he,  "  to  the  observations  of  pro- 
ficients, I  shall  follow  the  advice  of  competent  coun- 
sellors, and  I  shall  laugh  at  those  who  will  find 
fault  and  scold  for  the  pleasure  of  fault-finding 
and  scolding."  Thus  warned  we  proceed  to  cut  open 
the  pages  of  the  book,  but  with  a  feeling  of  frank 
independence  as  great  as  that  of  the  author  we 
declare  our  opinion  that  the  critic  who  troubled 
his  head  about  whether  the  author  listened  to 
his  criticisms,  heeded  them,  concerned  himself 
with  M.  Max  Singer's  hilarity,  or  cared  for  any- 
thing but  the  book  before  him,  would  be  unworthy 
of  his  office. 

To  the  book,  then.  The  first  fifiy-five  pages, 
devoted  to  what  the  author  calls  races  et  esphes 
anciennes,  are  probably  the  worst  in  the  book.  The 
author  makes  use  of  the  terms  species,  races,  varie- 
ties, sub- varieties,  in  the  vaguest  fashion.     If  we  were 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


137 


to  say  that  the  town  of  Tournai  was  a  continent,  that 
the  province  of  Hainault  was  a  village,  the  kingdom 
of  Belgium  a  parish,  the  continent  of  Europe  a  com- 
mune, we  should  use  geographical  terms  in  the  same 
vague  fashion  that  the  author  applies  botanical  terms. 
It  is  true  that  such  carelessness  is  by  no  means 
peculiar  to  the  author,  but  is  general  in  books  written 
by  and  for  horticulturists.  By  way  of  illustration  we 
may  mention  that  Rosa  rugosa  is  given  as  a  variety  of 
Rosa  ferox,  and  a  native  of  Japan,  from  which  country 
it  has  never  emerged  {sortie)  !  In  like  manner  Rosa 
involucrata,  Lyellii,  microphylla  are  referred  to  Rosa 
ferox  "third  species,  I  race,"  and  other  species  are 
similarly  treated.  The  author  is  of  course  entitled  to 
his  own  opinion,  and  he  may  laugh  as  long  as  he  likes 
at  those  who  differ  in  opinion  from  him.     For  our 


Veitch,  Curtis,  Prince,  and  other  great  rosarians  seem 
not  to  have  been  seen,  or,  if  so,  they  are  not  alluded 
to  in  the  list  of  ouvra«es  consultes. 

Glancing  down  the  list  of  names  we  find  "Madames" 
occupy  seventy-six  pages — a  proof  that  rosarians  prefer 
expanded  blooms  to  Rose-buds,  for  "  Mademoiselles  " 
only  occupy  twenty-one  pages,  while  "  Mon- 
sieurs"  only  seven.  But  then  the  "Mistresses  "  and 
"Misses  "and  "  Misters  "  are  given  separately.  Siill, 
in  any  case,  the  complimentary  dedications  to  the 
wives  are  far  more  numerous  than  to  the  husbands  or 
their  daughters  ;  doubtless  this  is  done  "with  an  eye 
to  businessi"  There  is  one  "GiKind  Papa  "  and  one 
"Grand  Maman."  Seven  pages  are  devoted  to 
"  Generals,"  almost  all  French,  one  or  two  English, 
one  American,  one  German,     A  page  suffices  for  the 


Here  and  there  we  find  illustrations  of  the  same  name 
having  been  applied  to  two  Roses  of  the  same  class, 
thus  there  is  a  II. P.  Alfred  Colomb,  sent  out  by 
Lacharme  in  1863,  and  another  H.P.  of  the  same 
name  sent  out  by  Ducher  in  1S52.  The  latter  name 
of  course  ought  to  have  priority,  but  in  the  topsy- 
lurvey  nomenclature  of  gardens  the  rules  of  priority 
have  been  honoured  in  the  breach.  English  names 
are  mutilated  in  the  usual  manner,  perhaps  not  more 
so  than  foreign  names  are  with  us,  e.g.,  Paul  Neyron, 
which  we  usually  but  erroneously  write  P.  Neron,  or  . 
Charles  Lefebvre,  in  which  the  b  is  too  often  omitted. 
But  in  a  Rose  catalogue  of  this  pretension  we  do  not 
expect  to  iind  Reverend  II.  Dambrain,  or  Reynolds- 
Ilolle,  Rhuston  Radclyffe,  Standisch,  Docteur  Hoog, 
Docteur  Hoocker,  Duke  of  Edenburgh  (p.  260),  Due 


Fig.    28— HtTEROTOMA   LOBELIOIDES  :     FLOWERS   SCARLET'AND    YELLOW.      (SEE    P.    I36.) 


parts  it  is  a  pleasure  to  get  away  from  these  fifty-five 
pages  and  enter  upon  the  more  substantial  and  useful 
part  of  the  book.  This  consists  of  more  than  800 
pages  of  valuable  information,  by  the  side  of  which 
the  fifty-five  preliminary  ones  are  as  nothing. 
We  have,  in  fact,  in  alphabetical  order,  a  descriptive 
list  of  an  enormous  number  of  Roses  with  indications 
of  the  class  to  which  they  belong — a  brief  description 
of  their  characters,  and  frequently  the  name  of  the 
raiser,  and  of  the  nurseryman  by  whom  it  was  first  in- 
troduced to  commerce.  The  catalogue  is  very  full  ;  but 
it  is  remarkable,  that  of  our  rich  rosarian  literature, 
the  author  seems  only  to  have  seen  one  English 
catalogue,  and  the  name  of  that  is  misspelt.  M. 
Max  Singer  ignores  in  toto  the  excellent  catalogues  of 
the  National  Rose  Society  ;  the  works  of  W.  Paul, 
Rivers,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Reynolds  Hole  ;  the  cata- 
logues   of    our    Pauls,    Cranstons,    Rivers,    Turner, 


"Captains;"  "Admirals"  occupy  but  little  more 
space,  which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  navy  is 
not  very  popular  in  Franc;  ;  "Counts"  take  up  four 
or  five  pages,"  Countesses  "  ten  or  eleven, "  Rois"  two, 
not  forgetting  that  Roi  d'Yvetot  so  much  better  known 
out  of  history  than  in  it  ;  "  Dukes  "  six,"  Duchesses  " 
eight,  "  Emperors  "  one,  while  of  "  Empresses  "  only 
two  are  mentioned  ;  but  there  are  some  fifteen  "  Im- 
pcratrices."  Six  or  seven  pages  are  attributed  to 
"Princesses"  and  "  Docteurs  "  respectively,  while 
there  are  thirteen  mournful  entries  in  the  shape  of 
"  Deuils  "  and  eighteen  pages  of  "Souvenirs" — one 
called  Souvenir  du  Centenaire  de  Lord  Brougham." 
Happily  for  label  writers  there  is  only  one  "  Fian- 
(^ailles  " — Fian9ailles  de  la  Princesse  Stephanie  et  de 
1  Archiduc  Rodolphe. 

These  figures,  apart  from  any  intrinsic  interest  they 
may  have,   will   exemplify   the   scope   of  the  book. 


of  Edimburgh  (p.  272),  or  Georges  Backer.  James 
Veitch  is  lucky,  but  his  son  "John  Weitch"  has 
not  escaped  the  usual  fate  among  those  who  use  the 
French  language. 

The  following  extract,  relating  to  a  Rose  which  has 
been  shown  in  fine  condition  this  season,  will  show 
the  author's  plan  : — 

H.P.  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Pernet,  Sen.,  1882. — 
Growth  vigorous,  wood  with  stout  straight  prickles,  foli- 
age fine  bright  green,  thick-set  ;  flower  very  large,  full, 
cup-shaped,  colouring  pure  white,  petals  Large,  rounded, 
flushed  in  the  centre  with  satiny-rose,  always  solitary  ;  a 
seedling  from  Baron  Rothschild,  of  fine  appearance. 
The  flower  sometimes  exceeds  4  inches  in  diameter." 

The  woodcut  illustrations  are  coarsely  executed, 
badly  printed,  and  apparently  not  original,  though  the 
source  whence  derived  is  not  given.     We  have  felt  it 


138 


THE     GARDE  NE  RS'     CIIRO  NICLE. 


[AUGL'ST    I,    18 


our  duty  to  make  some  comments  on  this  dictionary  in 
accordance  wlih  the  invitation  in  the  preface,  but  we 
shoultJ  be  conveying  a  wrong  impression  i(  we  did  not 
give  ihe  auihor  full  credit  for  his  diligence.  In  a  book 
of  such  scope  and  magnitude  errors  are  inevitable.  We 
cordially  say  "  Ves  "  to  the  author's  last  question  in  the 
preface,  and  say  that  he  has  rendered  such  service 
to  rosaiians  by  the  publication  of  these  volumes  that 
no  rosiinan  can  afi'jrd  to  do  without  them. 


The  Science  of  Agriculture.  By  F.  J.  L'.oyd, 
F.C.S.     Longmans. 

This  volume,  we  are  told,  consists  mainly  of  a  repro- 
duction of  some  leciures  given  at  King's  College, 
London.  The  auihor  begins  at  the  beginning,  and 
gives  his  readers  some  notion  as  to  the  nature  and 
constitution  of  the  earth  and  the  air,  proceeding  then 
to  manures,  vegetable  physiology,  the  management 
of  farm  crops  and  dairies,  and  terminating  with  a 
chapter  on  climate. 

The  chapter  on  physiology  is  disappointing  and  not 
altogether  trustworthy.  We  do  not  think  any 
physiologist  would  be  satisfied  with  the  definition  of 
the  nucleus  as  that  given  by  Mr.  Lloyd,  "asmall  spct 
of  daik  matter."  Again,  though  the  author  probably 
did  not  intend  it  so,  his  account  of  protoplasm  reads 
as  if  that  substance  were  confined  to  single  cells,  and 
that  when  cells  are  aggregated  together,  they  either 
contain  no  protoplasm,  or  it  is  subjected  to  modifica- 
tion. Seeds  are  said  to  "possess  two  distinct  parts— 
an  embryo  and  a  perisperm,  enclosed  in  a  coat  or 
covering  called  the  integument."  But  in  the  para- 
graph immediately  after  the  one  cited  we  read  of 
the  Bean,  which  certainly  has  no  perisperm.  In 
another  place  we  are  told  that  the  vascular  bundles 
of  long  cells  and  vessels  run  "the  whole  length  of 
the  stem  and  branches,  open  up  a  network  of  pas- 
sages, and  form  a  communication  between  the  various 
parts  of  the  plant,  as  our  veins  and  arteries  do  through- 
out the  various  parts  of  our  body."  The  account  of 
stomata  is  equally  curious,  as  well  as  the  statement 
that  "certain  diseases  of  a  fungoid  nature  invariably 
commence  at  the  stomata  of  the  leaves."  The  account 
of  the  diseases  of  plants  is  meagre  in  the  extreme  ;  the 
selection  and  improvement  of  cultivated  plants  is  not 
treated  of  at  all.  We  opened  this  book  in  the  hope 
and  expectation  that  we  might  find  a  handy  manual 
of  chemical  and  botanical  science,  as  applied  to 
agriculture,  but  we  must  say  that  our  expectations 
have  not  been  realised. 


How  to  Make  the  Land  Pay?     Longman's. 

In  the  preface  to  the  interesting  book  which  lies 
before  us,  bearing  the  above  title,  and  published  by 
Messrs.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  the  author,  the 
Rev.  H,  P.  Dunster,  M.A.,  of  Woodbastwick  Vicar- 
age, tells  his  readers  that  his  sole  object  has  been  to 
do  good.  Such  a  declaration  was  hardly  needed  in 
this  case,  because  it  is  evident  to  even  the  most  cursory 
reader  that  the  reverend  gentleman  realises  to  the 
full  Ihe  somewhat  depressed  condition  of  agriculture, 
and  indeed  of  nearly  all  that  relates  to  the  land,  and 
he  offers  many  suggestions,  mor£  or  less  practical,  in 
the  book  in  the  hope  that  they  may  lead  farmers  and 
landlords  to  think,  to  break  away  from  the  beaten 
track  of  ordinary  culture  and  cropping,  and  finally,  by 
adopting  some  new  and  distinctive  course,  seek  for 
that  prosperity  which  seems  for  the  time  to  have  with- 
drawn its  coumenance  from  the  landed  interest.  In 
entering  upon  such  an  undertaking  it  is  obvious  that 
no  wii  er  could  offer  practical  information,  the  pro- 
duct only  of  his  own  experience.  Very  much  which 
is  submitted  to  the  judgment  of  readers  is  of  a  theo- 
retical nature,  or  if  not  absolutely  so,  has  been 
practised  only  by  experts,  or  those  trained  specially  to 
market  and  flower  gardening.  On  the  other  hand  the 
author  is  not  without  considerable  knowledge  of  land 
cropping  and  cultivation,  and  still  further  he  has 
largely  laid  under  tribute  not  a  (ew  others  who  have 
discussed  views  in  relation  to  the  land  analogous  to 
his  own  ;  hence  his  book  becomes,  not  merely  an  in- 
structive essay,  it  is  largely  a  digest  of  what  is  already 
known,  or  has  been  written,  on  the  subject.  Its 
interest  and  usefulness,  possibly  also  its  practical 
value,  are  therefore  by  no  means  inconsiderable. 

Our  auihor  boldly  declares  in  favour  of  what  may 
be  not  inaptly  termed  farm  gardening,  and  it  seems 
obvious  that  in  advising  the  production  of  many 
articles  hitherto  esteemed  outside  the  range  of  farming 
he  favours  the  increase  of  smaller  holdings,  so  that 


actual  personal  labour,  interest  and  control  may  be 
brought  into  play.  There  is  a  certain  useful  oppor- 
tuneness about  the  issue  of  the  book  just  now,  because 
it  seems  to  accord  largely  with  the  objects  of  the 
Small  Farm  and  Holding  Association  recently  pro- 
moted, and  not  long  since  referred  to  in  these 
columns.  Indeed,  if  it  be  purposed  to  diffuse 
amongst  labourers  and  others  anxious  to  purchase  or 
rent  small  breadths  of  land,  information  ol  a  useful 
kind  to  support  and  encourage  them  in  such  pursuit, 
we  can  strongly  recommend  that  numerous  copies  of 
Mr.  Dunster's  book  should  be  circulated,  as  it  pro- 
bably contains  more  information  of  the  needful  kind 
than  any  other  compilation.  The  author  is  not  at  all 
charmed  with  the  ordinary  routine  of  land  cropping 
as  practised  by  farmers,  for  whilst  he  points  out  that 
miny  ordinary  farm  crops  will  not  pay,  the  range  of 
plants  is  of  so  limited  a  nature  that  much  of  the  land 
is  corn  sick.  Hence,  if  it  is  to  be  resuscitated  and 
made  once  more  productively  profitable,  it  must  be 
better  cultivated  and  recropped  with  absolutely  diverse 
subjects.  Of  these  we  find  great  stress  laid  upon 
hardy  fruits,  which  it  is  thought  opens  up  a  pro- 
fitable field  for  investment.  Naturally  those  whose 
attention  is  being  constantly  attracted  to  the  uncer- 
tainties which  attend  upon  hardy  fruit  culture,  look 
with  some  doubt  upon  the  proposals  thus  made.  The 
chief  want  in  the  securing  of  success  in  outdoor  fruit 
culture  is  found  in  certain  and  safe  seasons — conditions 
which  nothing  man  can  do  can  ensure.  It  is  one  thing 
to  plant  and  to  cultivate,  but  ad  verse  climalal  conditions 
may,  and  indeed  often  do,  withhold  the  increase. 
On  the  other  hand  we  are  met  by  the  singular  fact  that 
market  growers  of  fruit,  in  spite  of  their  many  difti 
culties  and  disappointments,  are  yet  constantly  extend- 
ing the  radius  of  their  fruit  land  ;  and  if  men  who  have 
market  experience  beyond  that  of  all  others  are  doing 
thi?,  we  may  rest  assured  that  others  may  go  and  d3 
likewise.  Perhaps,  too,  new  supplies  may  open  out 
new  markets,  especially  if  growers  can  be  brought 
into  immediate  contact  with  consumers.  In  dealing 
with  this  question  of  "  How  to  make  the  land  pay  " 
we  are  morally  certain  the  solution  lies  as  much  in  the 
direction  thus  pointed  out  as  in  any  other.  For  the 
reason  thus  given  we  cannot  but  sympathise  with  the 
author  in  his  warm  advocacy  of  the  wider  cultivation 
of  orchard  fruit — bush  fruit,  always  certain  to  crop 
well,  and  almost  always  profitable  ;  Strawberry  cul- 
ture, on  holding  and  iuitable  soils,  especially  of  late 
sorts  for  sale  after  the  usual  glut  is  passed.  Tnere  is 
very  much  that  is  interesting  found  under  the  head  of 
Filbert  growing  meaning  thereby  all  kinds  of  small 
nuts  of  course,  and  with  respect  to  which  much  useful 
information  is  given.  Of  course  good  Filberts  cannot 
be  grown  if  left  to  take  their  chance  in  woods  and 
amongst  squirrels.  We  import  enormous  quantities 
of  Spanish  grown  nuts,  but  should  save  the  money 
expended  by  purchasing  of  our  home  growth,  but  we 
have  too  few,  although  it  is  found  that  good  prices  for 
our  home  Filberts  can  be  obtained  in  the  United 
States — a  fact  which  thould  encourage  many  land, 
owners  to  plant  Filberts  and  Cobs  extensively  and 
place  their  plantations  under  the  charge  of  ex- 
perienced cultivators.  We  have  plenty  of  land, 
plenty  of  labour,  and  plenty  of  capital  ;  our  chief 
want,  then,  is  such  a  revision  of  our  present  land 
system  as  shall  encourage  enterprise.  A  chapter 
devoted  to  bulb  growing  somewhat  urgently  advises 
U5  to  grow  our  own  bulbs  rather  than  encourage  the 
Dutch  growers.  The  author  asserts  that  much  of  our 
own  land  is  as  good  for  the  purpose  as  is  that  of 
Holland,  and  largely  enters  into  methods  of  culti- 
vation adopted  there,  to  which  success  in  bulb  culture 
is  perhaps  as  ]arij;ely  due  as  to  soil  and  climate. 
Peihaps  we  have  not  the  knowledge  essential  to  suc- 
cess in  this  form  of  enterprise — perhaps  we  lack 
courage  to  embark  in  it.  In  any  case  it  would  not 
absorb  any  very  extensive  area  were  it  entered  into 
here.  We  know  of  one  case  where  it  was  tried  in 
suitable  soil  by  a  good  cultivator,  but  as  the  produce 
could  not  be  truthfully  called  "Dutch  bulbs,"  the  trade 
would  not  buy.  On  the  other  hand  vegetablegardening 
opens  up  for  the  cultivator  a  wide  range  of  enterprise, 
and  very  much  is  said  under  this  heading  which,  if 
not  new,  yet  is  worth  rereading.  Naturally,  in 
vegetable  culture  we  find  the  nearest  approach  to 
ordinary  farming,  but  to  rear  good  marketable  crops 
n  uch  more  manure,  labour,  and  deep  cultiva- 
tion are  needed.  To  the  vegetable  gardener,  almost 
more  than  any  other,  is  it  essential  that  he  should 
have  good  markets  within  easy  distance.  These 
secured  there  can  be  little  dcubt  but  that  there  is  an 


illimitable  future  open  to  this  form  of  market  farming. 
Persons  of  restricted  ideas  on  land  cultivation  will  be 
surprised  at  the  range  of  suljects  which  Mr.  Dunster 
thinks  well  of  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  land  to 
pay.  Thus  he  devotes  interesting  chapters  to  Mush- 
room, Sugar  Beet,  Osier,  and  even  Watercress 
culture  ;  and  of  allied  garden  subject-;,  considerable 
stress  is  laid  upon  bee-keeping,  poultry,  and  rabbit 
farming,  kc^  and,  not  least,  the  production  of 
milk,  butter,  cheese,  bacon,  and  similar  pro- 
ducts, all  of  which  are  associated  with  farming, 
but  chiefly  with  those  small  holdings  which  it 
seems  to  be  the  earnest  desire  of  both  philan- 
thropists and  social  economists  once  again  largely  to 
establish  in  our  midst.  Specially  in  vegetable 
farming  U  there  found  a  large  quantity  of  vegetable 
refuse,  which  cannot  be  more  profitably  employed 
than  in  feeding  cows,  pigs,  and  poultry,  and  recreat- 
ing manure. 

Perhaps  the  chapters  which  will  secure  the 
closest  attention  from  gardeners  are  those  which 
deal  with  flo*er  culture  for  the  production  of  cut 
blooms  for  sale,  and  also  for  the  purpose  of  distillation 
and  medicinal  uses.  In  these  chapters  also  may 
perhaps  be  found  the  most  debateable  matter.  Mr. 
Djnster's  selections  of  market  flowers  are  hardly 
such  as  commend  themselves  to  our  mind,  and  he 
seems  in  making  these  selections  hardly  to  have 
studied  the  subject  practically.  Flowers  are  classified 
under  colours,  but  with  little  regard  to  fitness.  Who 
would  embark  in  the  cultivation  of  Escallonias, 
Veronicas,  Laburnums,  Pyrus  japonica,  and  similar 
shrubs,  or  grow  Hepaticas,  Mimuluses,  Gentian,  and 
similar  unsuitable  things  fur  the  production  of  mar- 
ket bloom  }  Many  things  which  are  notoriously 
popular  for  market  purposes  are  omitted,  and  many 
things  named  which  would  be  valueless.  Of  course 
thei^e  defective  selections  need  not  detract  from  the 
advice  given  with  respect  to  market  flower  culture 
generally,  and  the  author  is  correct  in  assuming  that 
there  is  room  for  much  wider  extension  of  what  is 
even  now  a  considerable  industry.  On  these 
points  the  reader  is  referred  to  an  article  on  "  root- 
growing  "  in  the  present  issue.  The  cultivation 
of  various  herbs,  medicinal  and  otherwise,  merits 
attention,  especially  those  available  for  purposesof  dis- 
tillation. We  should  like  to  see  that  industry  largely 
extended.  Taken  altogether  the  book  before  us  is 
full,  not  only  of  suggestion  and  advice,  but  of  practical 
instruction.  Mr.  Dunster  stands  out  somewhat  pro- 
minently amongst  his  fellow  vicars  as  a  clergyman  of 
broad  views  and  of  high  aspirations,  evidently  most 
anxious  to  do  whatsoever  lies  in  his  power  to  promote 
prosperity  in  our  rural  life,  and  add  to  the  happiness 
and  welfare  of  the  people. 


Traitc  de  Botanique,  Agricole  et  Industrielle, 
Par  J.  Vesque.     Paris  :  Bailliere. 

M.  Vesque  commences  his  book  with  the  reflection 
that  very  few  agriculturists  know  the  plants  that  grow 
in  their  meadows  or  can  distinguish  between  those 
that  are  useful  and  those  that  arc  injurious.  Liebig's 
assertion,  that  agricultural  students  neither  know  the 
seeds  of  grasses,  nor  the  plants  that  produce  them,  is 
quoted  with  approval,  and  unfortunately  with  too 
much  reason.  Hence  M.  Vesque,  primarily  for  the 
use  of  his  own  pupils,  and  next  for  the  general  benefit 
of  those  concerned,  has  compiled  a  succinct  account 
of  the  genera  and  species  of  economic  plants,  including 
under  that  term  those  useful  in  agriculture,  medicine, 
or  industry.  The  classification  adopted  is  partly  that 
of  Eodlicher,  and  partly  that  of  Benlham  and  Hooker, 
while  the  grasses  are  arranged  according  to  the 
method  of  Jessen.  A  description  of  the  genera  is 
given,  as  well  as  an  account  of  the  respective  species, 
and  of  the  uses  to  which  they  are  put. 


Cours  de  Botanique  Fossile.    Par  M,  B.  Renalt. 
Paris:  Masson,  1SS5. 

The  preface  to  this  volume  is  occupied  with  an 
account  of  the  anatomy  of  Sphenophyllum,  on  which 
point  the  author  is  at  variance  with  M.  Van  Tieghem, 
the  latter  author  considering  the  structure  to  indicate 
a  close  relationship  to  Lycopods,  while  M.  Renault  is 
of  opinion  that  Sphenophyllum  belongs  to  a  separate 
type  of  vegetation,  now  extinct.  The  chief  interest, 
however,  in  this  volume  lies  in  the  account  of  the 
Coniferce.  M.  Renault  begins  with  the  Ginkgo, 
describing  first  the  morphology  and  anatomy  of  the 
G.  bibloba  or  Salisburia  of  China,   well  known  in 


AUGL'ST   I,    1S85  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


139 


gardens,  and  then  passing  on  to  the  description  of  no 
fewer  than  seventeen  fossil  species,  which  show  that 
the  genus  was  well  represented  in  the  northern  hemi- 
sphere inthe  Mioceneof  Greenland  and  North  America, 
in  the  Ooliiesof  Kurope,  the  Wealden  of  Germany,  and 
in  the  Lower  O jlite  of  Australia.  Several  genera  allied 
to  Ginkgo,  now  wholly  extinct,  are  also  described,  as 
well  as  numerous  representatives  of  the  other  groups 
of  Conifers.  The  genu?  Ve^quia  is  intermediate 
between  the  Yews  and  the  Turreyas  and  Cephalo- 
taxus.  In  the  Triassic,  Liassic,  and  some  portions  of 
the  Oolitic  periods  Conifers  seem  to  have  predomi- 
nated almost  to  the  exclusion  of  other  forms  of 
vegetation.  In  the  coal  measures  representatives  of 
Yews,  Araucaria?,  Cypresses  already  existed — z.  fact 
which  leadi  M.  Renault  to  consider  it  impossible  in 
the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  to  refer  all  existing 
Conifers  to  one  common  stock.  On  the  contrary, 
from  the  existence  at  the  early  period  mentioned  of 
well  marked  groups,  and  from  the  absence  of  inter- 
mediate types,  M.  Renault  is  led  to  conclude  that  our 
existing  Conifers  are  the  descendants,  not  from  one, 
but  from  several  stocks.  The  work  is  copiously  illus- 
trated, and  is  provided  with  an  excellent  index. 


ROOT    GROWING    FOR 
MARKET. 

Messrs.  W.  &  II.  Heath,  Chequers  Green, 
SOUTHGATE. — "  What  is  root  growing?"  some  one 
aslts.  "All  plants  have  roots,  have  they  not  ?  "  Quite 
due.  [No!]  Bui,  in  Covent  Garden  Market  the  term 
roots  applies  to  a  limited  number  of  plants,  mostly  of  a 
hardy  description,  that  are  favourites  with  the  Briiish 
public.  Which  said  public,  be  it  observed,  has  a 
fixed  liking  for  pretty  old-fashioned  flowers — such,  for 
instance,  as  Disraeli  describes  Lady  Corisande's 
garden  to  be,  full  of  bright  looking,  sweet-scented  old 
favourites,  that  the  ever-appearing  novelties  of  the 
day  are  never  able  to  supplant  in  the  estimation  of  the 
multitude  who  are  fond  of  a  garden,  but  who  know 
and  care  little  for  high-priced  rarities.  With  them 
such  things  as  Wallflowers,  Sweet  Williams  I'inks, 
Pansies,  Carnations,  Daisies,  Lavender,  Southern- 
wood, and  others  of  like  description,  have  been  known 
from  childhood,  and  will  ever  have  the  preference 
•which  their  merits,  and  a  life-long  acquaintance  en- 
title them  to. 

There  are  thousands  of  homes  within  the  outer 
circle  of  the  huge  metropolis  thai  have  small  gardens 
attached  to  them,  and  the  occupants  of  these  homes 
derive  much  pleasure  from  their  gardens.  Although 
cultivation  under  the  attendant  circumstances  is  up- 
hill work  so  far,  that  every  succeeding  spring  brings 
with  it  the  necessity  for  beginning  anew  with  a  fresh 
lot  of  plants,  through  the  fact  that  winter  and  want 
of  knowledge,  with  or  without  the  help  of  the  jobbing 
gardener,  have  done  their  work  in  killing  most  of  the 
previous  years'  supply.  Thus  it  is  that  as  each  year 
comes  round  the  root  grower  is  in  requisition  and 
never  fails  being  ready  with  an  abundance  of  the 
plants  required,  and  which,  by  the  way,  are  marvels 
of  cheapness,  such  as  nothing  but  lengthened  experi- 
ence, persistent  labour,  and  undivided  attention  to  a 
few  kinds  o(  plants  has  made  possible.  Any  variety 
of  the  particular  kinds  of  plants  that  the  root  growers 
cultivate,  however  fine  or  attractive  the  individual 
flowers  may  be,  is  useless  unless  it  is  naturally  a  free 
vigorous  grower,  and  a  free  bloomer.  Every  plant 
that  is  propagated  from  cuttings,  needs  to  possess  this 
property,  and  in  the  case  of  such  as  are  grown  from 
seed  the  strain  rc(|uires  to  be  alike  reliable.  With 
this  view  Messrs.  Heath  keep  on  yearly  selecting  from 
amongst  their  immense  stock  anything  that  shows 
improvement  in  the  quality  and  quantity  of  the 
flowers,  combined  with  freedom  of  growth.  This 
particularly  applies  to  such  things  as  Pansies,  Sweet 
Williams,  Canterbury  Bells,  Hollyhocks,  Wall- 
flowers, Stocks,  and  Polyanthus,  of  which,  by  con- 
tinual selection  of  the  best  to  produce  seed,  a  con- 
tinued improvement  in  the  stock  is  effected,  in  addi- 
tion to  which  foreign  seed  of  several  things  to  infuse 
fresh  blood  is  constantly  being  used. 

Messrs.  Heath  have  now  20  acres  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  description  of  plants  under  notice. 
It  is  a  moderately  free  loam,  of  good  quality  and  suffi- 
cient depth,  bounded  on  one  side  by  the  Edmonton 
Brook,  which  at  all  times,  even  in  the  driest  seasons, 
affords  an  abundant  supply  of  water,  which  is  indis- 
pensable for  the  successful  cultivation  of  the  class  of 
plants  in  question.     For,  needless  to  say,  with  them 


time  is  everything  ;  if  anyihing  grown  is  not  ready 
exactly  when  wanted,  half  its  value  is  lost,  and  unless 
planting  is  carried  out  at  the  right  time  the  crop  will 
not  be  ready  when  required.  Consequently,  there 
must  be  no  waiting  for  rain  ;  if  moisture  does  not 
come  from  the  clouds  horse  and  hand  labour  have  to 
supply  the  deficiency  until  a  crop  gets  hold,  after 
which  it  can  usually  take  care  of  itself,  as  the  quan- 
tity of  manure  used,  combined  wi;h  the  naturally  good 
quality  of  the  soil,  enables  it  to  do  this.  A  dressing 
of  manure  such  as  would  surpiise  many  people  is 
applied  before  every  crop  is  put  in.  Long-tined  steel 
forks  and  the  plough  are  the  implements  by  which 
the  ground  is  dug  and  turned  over,  the  operation  in 
this  respect  being  varied  according  to  the  time  of  the 
year,  the  condition  of  the  land,  and  the  nature  of  the 
crop  it  is  to  carry.  Of  the  different  things  grown 
some  are  for  sale  in  the  shape  of  plants  alone,  others 
for  the  production  of  cut  flowers,  as  well  as  plants, 
and  others  again  for  catling  alone,  such  as  the 
summer  flowering  Chrysanthemums,  Dahlias,  Stveet 
Peas,  Mignonette,  &c.  The  following  are  the  prin- 
cipal things  that  ate  grown  in  quantity. 

Carnations. 
Of  these  such  varieties  as  the  old  Crimson  Clove, 
also  a  scarlet  Clove-scented  sort,  a  free  flowerer,  with 
full  sized,  bright  coloured  flowers.  One  of  the  merits 
of  this  kind  is  that  the  pods  do  not  split.  The  large 
white  flowered  variety,  Gloire  de  Nancy,  is  likewise 
a  great  favourite.  It  is  a  good  grower  and  a  free 
bloomer,  the  flowers  are  Clove-scented  and  about 
two-thirds  the  size  of  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison.  Other 
free-growing  sorts  are  grown,  but  only  self-colours, 
no  flaked  or  edged  varieties.  Pinks  are  also  in 
quantity;  of  these  Mrs.  Sinkins  a  full-sized  white 
kind,  the  best  forms  of  the  pheasant-eyed  varieties, 
with  a  selection  of  the  best  of  the  mule  Pinks.  From 
2  or  3  acres  of  these  are  grown  for  plants  as  well  as 
cutting. 

Pansies, 
from  seeds  as  well  as  from  cuttings.  The  latter 
are  obtained  from  the  many  beautiful  varieties  that 
have  appealed  here  in  past  years.  The  strain  has 
much  in  the  way  of  bright  colours  and  size  of  flowers 
that  the  Belgian  varieties  possess,  with  the  substance 
and  form  of  the  English  show  sorts,  combined  with  a 
vigour  of  growth  which  most  of  the  exhibition 
varieties  are  so  deficient  in.  Of  these  I  to  ij  acre 
are  grown. 

Wallflowers 
of  the  best  dark  market  variety  occupy  about  half  an 
acre.       They   are    transplanted    from    the    seed-bed 
before   they  get  crowded,  so  that  when  ready  for  sale 
they  are  close  and  compact. 

Sweet  Williams. 
Of  these  the  green-leaved,  as  well  as  the  dark  leaved 
form,  which  is  so  much  in  favour  in  the  market,  cover 
about  half  an  acre.  The  strain  is  so  good  that 
scarcely  an  inferior  flower  is  to  be  met  with  in  the 
long  beds  they  occupy. 

Canterbury  Bells 
are  remarkable  for  their  profuse  disposition  to  bloom, 
as  well  as  the  size  and  varied  colour  of  the  flowers. 
A  quarter  of  an  acre  of  these  is  the  usual  complement. 

Veronicas. 

Only  one  form  of  these  plants  is  grown.  It  is  a 
dwarf  grower,  with  small  leaves,  that  keeps  on 
blooming  from  the  beginning  of  July  up  to  the  end  of 
the  year,  as  a  few  degrees  of  frost  do  not  stop  it. 
The  flowers  are  deep  purple.  It  is  struck  from  cut- 
tings in  winter,  lifted  and  pelted  as  required.  The 
stock  occupies  from  one-fourth  to  half  an  acre. 

Summer- flowering  Chrysanthemums. 
These   are    grown    in    quantity,    representing   the 
different  coloured  varieties  that  commence  to  flower 
soon  after  midsummer,  and  keep  on  until  the  general 
representatives  of  the  family  begin  to  bloom. 

Dahlias 
occupy  an  acre  or  more.  They  are  confined  to 
such  kinds  as  are  distinct  in  the  appearance  of  their 
flowers,  and  can  be  induced  to  come  in  bloom  early 
in  July.  The  sorts  that  are  found  to  possess  these 
properties  are  Peacock,  maroon,  tipped  with  white  ; 
John  Bennett,  yellow,  edged  with  red  ;  Duke  of 
Edinburgh,  yellow  ;  Princess,  white  j  Guiding  Star, 
white  pompon  ;  Rising  Sun,  scarlet ;  Dr.  Webb, 
scarlet. 


Sweet  Peas. 
Of  these  the  red  and  the  white  varieties  alone  are 
grown,  to  the  extent  of  a  quarter  of  an  acre. 

Double  Feverfew. 

This  in  considerably  quantity  is  also  grown,  for  the 
flowers  alone. 

Asters, 
in  such  varieties  as  the  Victoria,  and  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum flowered,  are  sown  at  intervals  that  will  keep  up 
a  regular  supply  in  bloom  from  the  end  of  July  up  to 
as  far  in  autumn  as  the  weather  will  permit.  A  large 
portion  of  these  are  transferred  to  pots  when  in  bloom, 
and  others  are  sold  in  a  cut  state.  Quite  an  acre  are 
grown,  and  in  keeping  with  other  things  their  culti- 
vation is  such  as  to  bring  them  out  in  the  best  possible 
condition. 

Ten-Week  Stocks 
of  an  excellent  strain  take  the  place  of  some  of  the 
earliest  cleared  crops,  so  as  to  keep  up  a  succession 
until  frost  comes.  The  flowers  of  the  earliest  ate 
cleared  off  before  the  last  batch  are  planted  out  from 
the  seed  beds. 

Hollyhocks. 

A  quarter  of  an  acre  of  these  are  raised  annually 
from  seedlings.  As  regards  the  seedlings  most 
dependence  is  placed"  on  home  sown  seed  as 
with  the  careful  selection  practised  good  double 
flowers  can  be  relied  on. 

Phloxes. 
White,  purple,  and  red  varieties,  raised  annually 
from  cuttings,  are  grown   to  a  similar  extent  to  the 
Hollyhocks. 

Polyanthus 
from    seed    and    Delphiniums    have    half   an    acre 
between  them. 

Thrift,  Lupins,  Lychnis,  and  Daisies, 
red  and  white,  collectively  cover  about  half  an  acre. 

Creeping  Jenny, 
which  is  so  much  in  favour  for  edging  window-boxes 
and  vases,  as  well  as  for  growing  by  itself  in  pots,  is 
grown  in  immense  quantities.     It  is  propagated  from 
small  cuttings,  and  has  li-  acre  to  itself. 

MlG.NONETTE, 
of  which  Messrs.  Heath  have  one  of  the  best  varieties 
I  have  ever  met  with,  is  icmirkably  well  done.  A 
large  breadth  of  this  is  cultivated  to  give  flowers  from 
as  early  as  it  can  be  had  in  the  season  up  to  the  time 
when  frost  puts  an  end  to  outdoor  flowers. 

Southernwood,  Lavender,  Herbs,  &c. 
both    struck    from    cuttings  put    in  in   cold    frames 
early  in  spring,  and  planted  out   in  summer,  to  be 
grown  on  for  the  season  following,  conjointly  occupy 
half  an  acre. 

A  good  breadth  of  herbs  of  different  kinds  is 
grown,  and  occasionally,  when  a  piece  of  ground  is 
cleared,  and  is  not  immediately  wanted  for  roots,  a 
crop  of  Potatos  or  Peas  is  put  in,  which  gives  a 
change  to  the  land.  The  course  followed  is  never  to 
to  let  any  part  of  the  land  lie  idle.  During  the  spring 
and  summer  it  is  a  rare  occurrence  for  a  week  to 
elapse  between  the  clearance  of  one  crop  and  another 
being  put  in.  Cleanly  cultivation  is  systematically 
carried  out  ;  as  soon  as  the  weeds  vegetate  the  hoes 
are  set  going,  so  as  to  destroy  them  before  they  have 
time  to  get  any  size,  or  take  much  out  of  the  soil. 
The  situation  is  open,  with  nothing  in  the  shape  of 
trees  to  shade  or  lessen  the  free  circulation  of  air 
amongst  the  various  crops  cultivated,  which,  com- 
bined with  enough  space  being  allowed  to  every  plant 
that  is  grown,  insures  the  stock  being  strong  and 
robust  —  a  condition  that  in  these  times  of  keen  compe- 
tition makes  an  appreciable  difference  in  the  prices 
realised. 

Over  an  acre  is  covered  with  glass,  which  is  mostly 
in  the  shape  of  low  long  span-roofed  houses  and  pits, 
wherein  are  raised  vast  quantities  of  plants  from 
seeds  and  cuttings.  A  number  of  houses  are  filled  in 
winter  with  bedding  plants,  of  which  immense 
numbers  are  grown  ;  as  soon  as  they  are  cleared  off 
the  houses  are  occupied  by  Cucumbers — RoUisEon's 
Telegraph  is  the  sort  principally  grown. 

Needless  to  say  a  large  amount  of  labour  is  required 
all  the  year  round  to  keep  pace  with  the  go-ahead 
rate  of  production  that  is  followed.  Without  seeing 
the  boxes  that  are  got  through  in  marketing  the 
stock  each  year,  it  would  be  difficult  to  credit   the 


140 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  18 


quaniily.  They  are  piled  up  in  the  yards  and  about 
the  packing  sheds  like  stacks  of  hay.  One  man  is 
employed  the  whole  year  round  in  converting  Orange 
and  other  packing  cases  into  boxes  of  the  different 
sizes  used,  and  keeping  them  in  the  necessary  repair. 
T.  B.  

NATURALISATION    OF 
ORCHIDS. 
The  recent  conference  en   Orchids,  and  the  very 
extensive  literature  connected  therewith  presented  to 
readers  of  the  GarJcnns'  Chronicle,  will,  I  believe, 
stimulate  attention  to   this  beautiful  and  interesting 
order  of  plants  throughout  the  world.     In  the  colonies 
we  receive,   after  all,  our  impulse    very  much  from 
home;    and  many  a  botanist   engrossed   with  other 
studies  will   be  tempted,  by  seeing   and   hearing  so 
much  of  Orchids,  to  give  them  more  attention  than, 
possibly,  they  have  lately  received  at  his  hands,  to  the 
manifest  advantage  of  both  hfrnself  and  his  collections. 
In  Jamaica  we  have  not   many  Orchids  of  great 
beauty  and  value.     We  have  Broughtonia  sanguinea, 
Oncidium    pulchellum,     O.    tetrapetalum,    O.    varie- 
gatum,    Bletia    Shepherd!,    Zygopelalum    cochleare, 
Stenorrhynchus   orchioides,    Arpophyllum    spicatum, 
Lselia    monophylla,     Schomburgkia    Lyonsii,    Com- 
parettia  falcata,  lonopsis  utriculaiioides,  Epidendrum 
fragrans,    E.    variegatum,    E.    veriucosum,     Brassia 
caudata,  B.  maculata,  and  Phaius  grandifolius,  all  of 
which   are  interesting   and   beautiful  in  their  native 
haunts,  or  when  cultivated  in  large  quantities  in  the 
open  air,  on   trees,  in  pots,   or  in  hanging  baskets. 
They  do  not,  however,  obtain  much  favour  at  home, 
as  many  are  difficult    to  maintain  under  prolonged 
cultivation  ;    and  hence  the  more   showy  Cattleyas, 
Lajlias,  and  Odontoglossums  ate  in   request,  to  the 
exclusion  of  their  less  attractive  though  by  no  means 
less  interesting  brethren. 

There  was  one  interesting  point  which,  I  believe, 
was  not  touched  upon  at  the  Orchid  Conference,  and 
that  was  the  naturalisation  of  Orchids  ;  under  which 
head  might  be  discussed  the  extent  to  which  certain 
Orchids  of  temperate  and  tropical  species  have  be- 
come practically  wild  in  a  country  not  their  own. 

Perhaps  by  bringing  up  the  subject  in  your  columns 
it  may  lead  to  an  examination,  and  possibly  to  the 
preparation  of  a  record  of  instances  in  which  Orchids, 
both  terrestrial  and  epiphytal,  have  broken  the 
bounds  of  cultivation,  and,  following  the  example  of 
numerous  other  exoiics,  have  succeeded  in  establish- 
ing themselves  amidst  the  environment  of  a  new 
country. 

The  Orchid  last  named  on  the  list  given  above 
(Phaius  grandfolius)  is  an  instance  of  an  Eastlndian 
terrestrial  Orchid  which  has  become  thoroughly 
natuialised  in  the  West  Indies  ;  and  it  is  now  found 
growing  freely  in  the  bush  and  "ruinate,"  and  some- 
times even  in  the  forest  on  the  hills  of  Jamaica  at 
about  2000  feet  to  4000  feet  elevation.  Gosse,  I 
know,  in  A  Nali<ra!ii:'s  Scjoiirn  in  Jamaica,  throws 
some  doubt  upon  this  plant  being  introduced,  and 
mentions  that  "  the  lone  humid  forest  at  the  summit 
of  Blueiields  Peak  does  not  certainly  seem  a  very 
likely  locality  in  which  to  find  a  large  and  beautiful 
flower  escaped  from  a  garden."  Grisebach  (Flora 
Brit.  West  Ind.,  p.  622)  solves  any  difliculty  that  may 
have  arisen  in  his  mind  on  the  subject  by  giving  the 
habitat  of  this  plant  as  extending  to  Tropical  America 
— practically,  therefore,  making  it  a  native. 

If  we  had  nothing  authentic  and  reliable  as  regards 
the  introduction  of  this  Orchid  we  might  be  compelled 
to  give  a  verdict  of  "not  proven."  But  in  turning 
over  the  leaves  of  an  old  list  called  Hortus  Eastensts, 
or  a  Catalogue  of  Exotic  Plants  in  the  Garden  of 
Hinton  East,  Est].,  in  the  Mountains  of  Liguana,  in 
the  Island  of  Jamaica,  by  Arthur  Broughton,  M.D., 
published  circa  1793,  I  find  that  "  Limodorum 
(Bletia,  R.  Br.),  Tankervilliae,  or  Chinese  Limo- 
dorum," is  recorded  as  having  been  introduced  to 
Jamaica  by  Hinton  East  in  17S7.  This  is  Phaius 
grandifolius.  Lour.,  which  was  also  introduced  to 
England  in  1778*  (Puydt,  des  Orchid.,  p.  15).  Neither 

*  For  synonymy  I  quote  the  following  from  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  of  1882,  vol.  xviii.,  p.  565  ;  —  "  Phaius  grandifolius, 
Loureiro,  Rchb.  f.,  Waif.  Ann.,  vl.,  p.  459  ;  Bat.  Re^.,  1839, 
Misc  .  n  40  ;  Benth.,  Fl.  Auttr.,  vi.,  p.  304  ;  Ft.  des  Serres, 
vii.,  1.  738  (var.  superbus).  Bletia  TankerviUia:,  R.  Br.,  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  1924:  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  20.  Limodorum  Tanker- 
villije,  Alt.,  Hort.  Keto.,  ed.  I,,iii..  p.  302,  t.  12;  L'Herit., 
Sert.  AngL,  t.  28  ;  Andrews,  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  426;  Schneev.,  fc, 
-^    ■        '     '  -'  -       -      Pachyne  spectabilis,    Salisb., 

:99.     P.  australis,  P.  leuco- 


Hans  Sloane  (1696-1725),  Patrick  Browne  (1756), 
nor  Swartz  (1797— 1S06)  mentions  this  plant;  and 
these  accurate  observers  could  hardly  have  omitted  so 
conspicuous  and  handsome  a  flower  if  it  had  been 
accepted  as  a  member  of  the  indigenous  flora  of  the 
island  in  their  time.  Hence,  therefore.  Phaius 
grandifolius  is  undoubtedly  an  instance  of  a  terrestrial 
Orchid,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  which  has  be- 
come naturalised  in  the  West  Indies. 

An  incident  came  under  my  notice  about  three 
years  ago  which  would  point  to  the  probability  that 
Schomburgkia  tibicina,  the  "  Cowhorn  "  Orchid  of 
British  Honduras,  often  cultivated  in  gardens  here, 
has  also  become  naturalised  in  the  island.  A  plant  of 
this  species  in  flower  was  brought  to  a  friend  of  mine 
by  a  negro,  who  stated  he  had  found  it  growing  wild 
on  a  Calabash  tree  at  the  foot  of  the  St.  Andrew 
Hills.  The  locality  indicated  was  not  far  removed 
from  the  site  of  Hinton  East's  old  garden  of  1793; 
and  it  is  therefore  quite  possible,  although  the  fact  is 
by  no  means  properly  established,  that  it  may  have 
been  an  escape  from  thence.  When  we  consider  the 
quantity  of  seed  produced  by  such  plants  as  Phaius 
and  Schomburgkia,  and  the  favourable  agencies  of 
wind  and  birds  which  exist  for  their  distribution,  it  is 
not  at  all  surprising  that,  under  conditions  somewhat 
resembling  or  approaching  those  which  obtain  in 
their  native  country.  Orchids,  as  well  as  other  plants, 
should  become  established  and  flourish  in  places  far 
removed  from  their  original  and  recognised  habitats. 

This  question  of  the  naturalisation  of  Orchids  is,  I 
trust,  sufficiently  interesting  to  attract  the  attention 
of  colonial  and  other  botanists,  and  I  would  venture 
to  suggest  that  it  may  very  fittingly  be  pursued  as  one 
of  a  series  of  subjects  naturally  suggested  by  the 
papers  and  discussion  at  the  late  Orchid  Conference. 
D.  Morris,  Jamaica,  July  6. 


ARCHITECTURE    AND    LAND- 
SCAPE  GARDENING. 


t.    5  ;    Rcdout<£,  Liliac.,  .. 
Trans.   Hort.   Soc.   Lond.,  ...  ,..   -i,^.     -.  - 
id  P.  C.irroni,  F.  Miiell.,  Card.  Ch 


pb 


iS?!.  p.  73 


In  the  course  of  his  lectures  on  the  above  subject 
(from  which  we  gave  some  extracts  in  a  previous 
number),  Mr.  G.  Richards  Julian,  A. R.I. B. A.,  after 
describing  the  history  and  characteristics  of  the 
Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  and  more  especially 
the  form  of  it  which  took  root  in  our  own  soil,  and  is 
known  as  the  Norman  style,  referred  to  the  new 
Natural  History  Museum  at  South  Kensington.  He 
said  of  this  building  that  it  was,  although  freely 
treated,  imbued  with  much  of  the  spirit  of  the  Norman 
style  and  ornamented  with  many  of  its  details,  and 
continued  :— "I  recommend  all  Ihe  details  of  this  great 
building  to  your  careful  notice,  but  I  have  more 
especially  alluded  to  it,  because  you  will  find  on  the 
staircase  and  in  the  arcades  of  the  gallery  in  the  great 
hall,  which  is,  I  believe,  called  the  Index  Museum, 
excellent  suggestions  for  the  appropriate  treatment  of 
balustrades  and  piers  in  harmony  with  Romanesque 
building.  For  further  suggestions  we  must  go  to  the 
ornamental  wall  arcades  of  Norman  buildings." 

After  tracing  the  rise  of  the  successive  styles  of 
Gothic  architecture  and  their  distinctive  mouldings 
and  ornaments,  particularly  the  various  English  forms 
known  as  the  Eaily  English,  the  Decorated,  and  the 
Perpendicular,  the  lecturer  devoted  some  time  to  a 
special  notice  of  Domestic  Gothic,  and  of  the  hall- 
timbered  houses  of  which  examples  are  to  be  found, 
ranging  from  the  fourteenth  to  the  sixteenth  centuries. 
Passing  to  the  consideration  of  garden  architecture 
he  said  :— "  We  shall  obtain  the  best  suggestions  for 
the  proper  treatment  of  terrace  walls  or  balustrades  to 
harmonise  with  Gothic  buildings  by  a  study  of  the 
parapets  which  we  find  on  the  old  churches  and 
cathedrals.  For  this  purpose  I  have  prepared  a  sheet 
of  illustrations  of  such  parapets  of  different  periods. 

"  In  all  the  periods  of  English  Gothic  work  embattled 
or  battlemented  parapets  are  to  be  found,  but  such 
examples  will  evidently  not  suit  our  present  purpose. 
Battlements  appear  absurd  except  when  crowning  a 
wall  of  considerable  height,  and  although  used  in  later 
Gothic  work  purely  as  ornaments,  always  suggest  pre- 
parations to  receive  a  warlike  attack  ;  another  reason 
for  avoiding  the  use  of  anything  like  a  battlemented 
top  to  a  terrace  wall  is,  that,  even  if  the  coping  is  no 
intended  to  be  leaned  upon  by  those  looking  over  it, 
DO  uncomfortable  suggestion  that  it    is  not  to  be  so 

fig.— China  to  Australia.  This  grand  Orchid  was  introduced 
from  China  in  1778  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill.  Flowers  white 
without  and  chocolate  within,  with  some  rose  and  yellow  in  the 


used  should  be  apparent.  There  are,  however, 
examples  of  ornamentally  panelled  parapets  even  in 
the  Early  English  period  when  perfectly  plain  parapets 
with  a  plain  unbroken  coping  were  the  rule  ;  one  of 
these,  from  Salisbury  Cathedral,  I  have  illustrated. 
Other  early  parapets  are  pierced  with  trefoils,  quartre- 
foils,  &c.,  and  such  forms  may  most  appropriately  be 
used  to  accompany  any  building  the  details  of  which 
are  of  early  character.  A  series  of  small  pointed  and 
cusped  arches  carried  on  diminutive  columns  such  as 
I  have  shown  in  the  Gothic  balcony  from  Venice,  or 
similar  small  columns  wilh  either  carved  or  moulded 
capitals  (or  both  used  alternately)  and  carrying  the 
coping  without  any  arches,  as  used  by  Mr.  Street  in 
the  walls  around  the  open  areas  of  the  New  Law 
Courts,  will  harmonise  with  Gothic  buildings,  if  the 
details  of  the  mouldings  and  carving  and  the  outlines 
of  the  arches  are  appropriate  in  style. 

"In  the  Decorated  period  parapets  were  ornamented 
both  by  panellings  and  by  piercings  ;  trefoils,  quatre- 
foils,  and  other  geometrical  forms  being  used.  I  have 
drawn  an  example  of  one  from  St.  Mary's  Church, 
Oxford,  but  of  course  many  pleasing  arrangements  of 
geometrical  forms  can  be  made  which  would  be 
appropriate.  In  the  later  part  of  this  style  the 
piercings  of  the  parapets,  like  the  window  tracery, 
formed  flowing  lines,  one  very  common  form  being 
that  in  which  the  leading  line  of  stonework  forms  a 
continuous  undulation. 

"  The  parapets  of  the  Perpendicular  period  are  often 
extremely  rich  in  detail,  either  when  panelled  or  when 
pierced.  In  early  examples  quatrefoils  were  used  as 
in  the  example  from  St.  Peter's,  Oxford,  but  it  will  be 
observed  that  a  vertical  line  is  introduced  between  the 
quatrefoils— forming  small  triangular  panels  in  the 
four  corners— and  this  is  a  distinctive  mark  of  Per- 
pendicular treatment.  In  later  examples,  such  as 
those  of  the  Tudor  period,  the  decoration  of  parapets 
was  similar  to  that  of  the  panelling  on  the  walls, 
reproducing  the  window  tracery  of  the  period  in 
miniature.  ,, 

"  In  most  of  the  existing  examples  of  terrace  walls 
of  medieval  date  the  treatment  is  a  perfectly  plain  wall 
with  a  saddle-backed  coping,  having  a  large  roll  on 
the  top,  but  this  is  no  reason  why  we  should  not 
make  them  as  ornamental  as  the  means  at  our  com- 
mand allow,  provided  that  they  be  designed  to  har- 
monise with  the  building  which  they  adjoin.  A  safe 
rule  is,  to  make  the  window  tracery  of  the  period  sug- 
gest the  forms  of  arching  and  of  piercings.  [See 
Supplementary  Sheet.] 


THRINAX    GRAMINIFOLIA. 

This  elegant  Palm  is  recommended  by  the  Com- 
pagnie  Continentale  of  Ghent  as  eminently  suitable 
for  indoor  use  and  table  decoration,  as  indeed  the 
figure  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  Compagnie, 
fully  shows  (fig.  29).  The  leaves  are  fan-shaped, 
divided  into  very  narrow  segments,  and  raised  on 
long,  slender,  spineless  stalks. 


AYAPANA. 

M.  Louis  Bouton,  in  his  Medicinal  Plants  of 
Mauritius,  gives  the  history  of  this  plant,  which,  in 
answer  to  a  correspondent,  we  translate  as  follows  :— 

"  Captain  Augustus  E.iudin,  brother  of  him  who  com- 
manded the  expedition  round  the  world,  brought  this 
plant  to  Mauritius  in  I797-  B^'ng  a'  Ri"  Janeiro,  and 
hearing  the  Ayapana  spoken  of  as  a  panacea,  he  tried 
by  all  possible  means  to  obtain  cuttings,  but  could  not 
succeed  in  purchasing  any.  He  then  resolved  to  carry 
away  during  the  night  a  plant  placed  in  the  balcony  of 
an  inhabitant  of  this  town  ;  which  he  did  skilfully  by  the 
aid  of  a  sailor  armed  with  a  ladder,  and,  the  ship  having 
set  sail  immediately,  he  escaped  with  his  treasure. 

"This  plant  (Eupatorium  Ayapana)  was  introduced 
from  Brazils  by  Captain  Baudin  towards  the  end  of  the 
last  century,  bringing  with  it  the  highest  reputation.  It 
was  thought  that  the  universal  panacea  had  just  been 
discovered,  and  the  sick  flocked  from  every  part  of  the 
island  to  Pamplemousses  Gardens,  where  the  plant  was 
deposited,  thinking  they  had  found  a  remedy  for  all  their 

ailments.  ,  ,  ,.       .1. 

■'  Its  success  lasted  pretty  long,  but  when  the  reaction 
came  people  jumped  from  one  extreme  to  the  other,  as  is 
generally  the  case  when  the  first  rapture  is  over.  When 
once  the  plant  had  been  experimented  upon  and  analysed 
at  Paris,  people  attempted  to  prove  that  it  possessed  no 
energetic  virtue  of  any  kind.  '  Its  smell  is  certainly 
aromatic,  but  to  an  inferior  degree.  It  is  the  same  with 
its  bitterness.  It  possesses  slight  astringent  properties, 
but  all  so  slightly  that  it  is  difficult  to  believe  that  it  can 
produce  any  efl'ect  upon  the  animal  economy.' 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


141 


"Nevertheless  the  Ayapana  has  continued  to  occupy 
a  high  rank  in  the  list  of  our  medicinal  plants.  It  is 
daily  used  in  the  shape  of  tea  in  difficult  digestion  and 
derangement  of  the  chest  and  bowels.  The  leaves, 
bruised  and  lacerated  in  honey  and  wine,  form  an  excel- 
lent topical  application  for  wounds,  bruises,  and  sores, 
both  for  man  and  beast.  We  all  know  how  extensively 
the  plant  was  used  during  the  cholera  in  1854  and  1856. 
Dr.  Gouly  recommended  it  to  restore  the  circulation  and 
combat  the  coldness  which  supervenes  in  this  dreadful 
malady  ;  and  Dr.  Perrot  relates  that  Ayapana  enters 
into  the  composition  of  a  remedy  which  has  been  used  in 
cases  of  cholera  previous  to  the  blue  stage." 


COLONIAL    NOTES. 

Ranunculus  Lyalli. — I  give  willingly  the  infor- 
mation requested  by  a  correspondent,  so  far  as  in  my 
power,  as  to  the  habit  of  this  interesting  New  Zea- 
lander.  Hooker's  designation,  in  his  Flora^  of  Water 
Lily,  so  far  as  has  ever  come  under  my  extended 


them  would  be  about  800  feet,  Of  course  the  best 
time  of  discovering  a  bed  of  the  Lyalli  is  during 
December  and  January  when  in  full  flower,  as  it  then 
can  be  noticed  at  a  considerable  distance  owing  to  its 
dazzling  white.  In  a  cultivated  state  I  have  seen  it 
growing  splendidly,  almost  at  sea  level,  and  close  to 
the  water  of  the  bay  at  Port  Chalmers,  in  rich  loamy 
soil.  At  Dunedin  it  grows  in  sandy  or  gravelly  soil 
in  the  low-lying  gardens,  and  on  the  stiffish  clay  on 
the  hills  :  it  also  flowers  freely.  In  my  own  garden, 
which  is  rather  peaty  in  character,  I  have  grown  it 
for  several  years,  but  did  not  succeed  in  getting  it  to 
flower  ;  this  may  have  arisen  from  the  soil  containing 
a  good  deal  of  salt,  as  it  was  in  former  days  covered 
by  the  sea*,  and  even  now  the  waiter,  a  few  feet  down, 
is  brackish  in  taste.  In  not  one  of  our  gardens 
where  the  plant  is  grown  does  it  receive  any  extra 
attention  or  care  ;  it  is  exposed  to  the  bright  glare  of 
the  sun,  to  the  winds  which  sometimes  blow  rather 
strong,  and  to  the  sharp  frosts  which  frequently  occur. 
We  have  amongst  our  flora  several  other  Ranun- 


Fig.  29.— thrinax  graminifolia.     (see  p.  140.) 


observation,  is  certainly  misleading,  as  1  have  never 
seen  it  growing  in  water  or  even  marshy  places,  nor 
have  I  ever  heard  it  so  called  by  any  other  having 
any  acquaintance  with  the  plant.  In  every  place 
where  I  have  seen  it  growing  naturally  the  soil  was 
dry  and  plentifully  mixed  with  gravel  and  stones. 
On  a  journey  which  I  made  during  February  last 
overland  to  Jackson's  Bay  on  the  west  coast  I  came 
on  it  pretty  frequently.  On  Mount  Roy,  at 
the  foot  of  Lake  Wanaka,  I  could  not  find  a 
single  plant,  but  on  the  sides  of  the  Minaret 
Peaks,  a  few  miles  higher  up  the  lake,  I  found 
it  frequently.  On  a  little  island  in  the  centre  of 
the  lake  I  also  obtained  some.  On  the  whole  way 
up  the  Makarori  Valley,  which  extends  from  the 
bead  of  the  lake,  I  did  not  see  a  single  specimen,  nor 
did  they  again  appear  till  the  Ilaast  Pass  was  crossed 
and  the  bed  of  the  Fisk  River  followed  down  for  about 
2  miles.  Here  they  were  growing  freely  in  very 
little  soil  on  a  bed  of  shingle,  and  although  they 
would  certainly  be  covered  during  a  flood,  they 
were  then  a  few  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
stream.      The    lowest    altitude    at    which    I    found 


culi,  which  are  also  well  worthy  of  introduction  and 
cultivation  in  British  gardens,  but  none  of  them  so 
excellent  as  Lyalli, 

The  journey  from  Lake  Wanaka  to  Jackson's  Bay 
is  one  of  great  interest,  and  at  the  time  I  made  it  of 
adventure.  The  distance  is  not  great,  about  90 
miles,  but  the  character  of  the  country  is  grand  in 
the  extreme.  There  had  been  a  track  cut  down  to 
the  Haast  Mouth,  but  the  native  bush  and  Fern  had 
grown  up  and  quite  obliterated  it,  so  that  it 
was  somewhat  difficult  for  man  or  horse  to  push 
through.  Three  to  four  miles  an  hour  was  a  good 
record,  and  as  there  are  no  habitations,  the  traveller 
must  conclude  to  rough  it,  and  make  his  bed  amongst 
the  Ferns.  To  give  an  idea  of  the  appearace  of  the 
country  is  not  easy.  It  is  an  irregular  confusion  of 
mountains,  piled  up  to  varying  heights,  of  every  con- 
ceivable shape,  intersected  by  dark  and  gloomy 
ravines,  cascades  and  waterfalls  tumbling  over  in  all 
directions,  and  of  wonderful  shape  ;  glaciers  of  im- 
mense size  hanging  over,  and  at  any  time  ready  to 
fall  sheer  down  thousands  of  feet  ;  rivers  and  streams 
foaming  along  in  their  rocky  beds ;  and  everything 


on  such  a  scale  as  to  constantly  suggest  man's  own 
littleness.  Generally,  the  mountain-sides  are  clothed 
up  to  irregular  heights  with  bush  and  trees  of  different 
varieties,  displaying  a  gorgeousness  of  foliage  perhaps 
nowhere  else  to  be  witnessed.  These  primeval  forests 
are  mostly  composed  of  the  Fagus  family,  here  popu- 
larly called  Birch.  The  timber  of  these  trees  is  not 
much  valued  for  any  purpose.  There  are,  however, 
a  few  representatives  of  Coniferie  to  be  seen  here, 
and  these  embracing  Libocedrus,  Podocarpus,  and 
Dacrydium.  The  P.  Totara  and  D.  cupressina  now 
are  most  numerous,  and  very  highly  prized. 

Among  the  smaller  trees  or  bushes  the  more  notice- 
able are  Plagianthus  Lyalli,  which  skirts  the  lower 
edge  of  the  forest,  and  was  at  the  lime  in  truly  magni- 
ficent bloom.  It  was  indeed  worth  the  fatigue  to 
have  a  look  down  or  up  one  of  the  glens  and  see  the 
contrast  between  the  varied  hues  of  green,  wilh  here 
and  there  a  dazzling  scarlet-flowered  Metrosideros 
lucida,  commanding  admiration,  asserting  its  right 
to  the  tallest  and  most  prominent  position,  and  the 
base  (ringed  wilh  the  more  modest  but  not  less  beauti- 
ful Plagianthus,  a  snowy  wreath  corresponding  with 
bleak  hoary-headed  top. 

One  peculiarity  I  noticed  among  the  smaller  vegeta- 
tion, namely,  that  the  Aciphylla  Colensoi,  called 
with  us  Spear-grass,  and  which  I  saw  illustrated  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  some  time  ago,  does  not  extend, 
at  least  on  this  route,  beyond  the  lake.  It  was  com- 
mon enough  all  the  way  up,  but  on  the  western  slope 
was  not  to  be  seen.  Its  place  was,  however,  taken 
by  the  Matagourie  (Discaria),  another  prickly  shrub, 
of  which  horses  are  very  wary.  The  common  Thistle, 
too,  has  been  introduced,  and  takes  possession,  grow- 
ing to  a  height  of  6  feet,  and  of  it  horses  have  a  per- 
fect dread  ;  both  in  the  bush  and  in  the  open  it  is 
a  thorough  nuisance.  Many  other  plants  might  be 
alluded  lo  if  space  permitted  ;  suftice  it  for  the  pre- 
sent to  name  the  Veronica,  of  which  there  is  great 
profusion  ;  Astelias,  attractive  and  interesting  ;  Cor- 
dylines,  of  which  I  came  across  a  species  not  known 
on  the  eastern  side,  and  known  as  Gika,  the  leaves  of 
which  when  pulled  will  stretch  like  a  piece  of  india- 
rubber,  and  its  berries  are  much  sought  after  by  chil- 
dren for  eating. 

Among  the  Filices  the  varieties  were  great,  the 
most  conspicuous  being,  in  addition  to  the  Cyatbeas, 
Gleichenia  Cunninghami,  standing  to  a  height  of 
about  2  feet,  the  fronds  branched  out,  regularly  cover- 
ing a  space  of  nearly  an  equal  diameter,  and  justifying 
our  popular  name  of  Umbrella  Fern  ;  Trichomanes 
reniforme,  growing  profusely  on  rocks  and  tree  trunks  ; 
Lindsceas,  Cystopteris,  Davallia,  and  Adianlums  ;  but 
on  the  whole  my  attention  was  most  attracted  by 
patches  of  Gentiana  growing  on  the  accessible  moun- 
tain tops,  known  to  us  as  our  Snowdrop  and  Daisy. 
They  are  in  their  native  habitat  a  sight  to  be  seen 
and  never  forgotten.  Then  again  the  Coriaiia  rusci- 
folia  with  its  curious  shade  of  green  leaf  and  its  long 
clusters  of  berries  inviting  enough  to  be  eaten  and  can 
be  used  with  impunity,  provided  the  seeds  are  not 
swallowed,  as  they  are  known  and  have  often  proved 
decidedly  poisonous.  ^.  APIndoe,  Dunedin^  New 
Zealand^ 

Improvised   Lawn   Rollers, 

There  are  as  enthusiastic  lawn  tennis  players  at 
hill  stations  in  India  and  the  West  Indies  as  in  any 
part  of  the  world.  But  what  is  a  lawn  without  a 
lawn  roller  ?  As  many  places  where  lawn  tennis  is 
played  (and  where  good  gardens  are  also  kept)  are 
connected  only  by  bridle  roads,  and  pack  animals  are 
the  only  means  of  transport, the  usual  iron  lawn  roller 
is  a  luxury  to  be  wished  for,  but  not  always  realised, 
A  very  simple  and  efficient  lawn  roller  may,  however, 
be  made,  as  a  friend  of  mine  made  one  the  other  day, 
out  of  the  section  of  a  steam-engine  chimney.  This 
was  a  piece  of  tubing  14  inches  in  diameter,  of  sheet 
iron  i-inch  thick,  and  about  3  feet  long.  An  axle  was 
first  of  all  fixed  in  the  centre  and  the  whole  well  filled 
by  a  packing  of  concrete.  A  roller  on  the  same  lines, 
but  without  the  outer  sheeting  of  iron,  was  mads  here 
some  time  ago,  and  has  proved  most  serviceable.  A 
mould  was  made  of  White  Pine  slats,  i^  inch  wide, 
fixed  in  a  frame  so  that  the  inner  space  was  exactly 
the  size  of  the  roller  required.  A  piece  of  well 
seasoned  hardwood  was  squared  and  fixed  carefully 
in  the  centre  to  serve  as  axle  ;  and  the  mould  was 
then  filled  with  concrete  and  rammed  so  as  to  form  a 
compacted  solid  mass.  The  concrete  was  made  of 
one  third  Portland  cement,  one-third  sharp  sand,  and 
one-third  small  angular  stones  the  size  of  a  pigeon's 
egg,   called   here    ''grouting."     After  trimming   the 


142 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Al-GUST    I,    1S85. 


projecting  ends  of  ihe  axle  and  fixing  a  frame  and 
handle,  we  had  for  a  few  shillings  a  roller  weighing 
about  6  cwt.,  as  efiicient  as  if  it  had  cost  as  many 
pounds,  D.  Mollis,  Jamaica,  lune  13. 


Jioreigii  Corrcsponiicntt. 

FLOWERING  AGAVES  IN  HOLLAND. 
Im  the  winter  garden  at  the  establishment  of 
Messrs.  E.  11.  Krelage  &  Son,  Haarlem,  Holland, 
there  is  at  present  a  fine  plant  of  Agave  filifera 
about  to  flower.  On  July  7  the  flower  began  to 
develope,  and  at  present  it  is  neaily  2  metres  high,  so 
that  it  makes  in  twenty-four  hours  a  growth  of  10 
centimetres  (4  inches).  Of  this  Agave,  two  specimens 
are  repoilcd  to  have  flowered  in  1S72  at  the  Veelzigt 
Garden,  near  Zeist,  and  about  the  same  time  in  the 
Botanical  Gardens  at  UtrechK  An  Agave  americana 
is  in  flower  in  the  gardens  of  Reelwig,  at  Viect,  the 
property  of  Mrs.  Slingsby  van  Hoven.  It  has  a 
flo'.ver-slem  of  3^  metres  in  height.  In  the  summer  of 
1S79  at  the  Mantanoud  Wassenaar,  near  the  Hague, 
the  property  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Vander  Odermeulen,  there 
flowered  two  Agaves,  viz.,  A.  filamentosa  or  longifolia, 
and  A.  xalapensis.  In  1S75,  in  the  Botanical  Gardens 
at  Groningen,  there  was  in  flower  an  Agave  americana 
foliis  luleo-hirsutiswith  a  flower-stem  of  7  metres,  with 
5000  blooms.  The  age  of  this  plant  was  proved  to  be  at 
least  eighty  years.  In  1S73,  in  the  gardens  of  his 
Royal  Highness  the  late  Prmce  Henry  at  Soeltdijk, 
there  flowered  an  Agave  americana  with  a  flowering 
stem  of  6  metres,  with  twenty-eight  branchlets.  In 
1S75  an  Agave  xalapensis  flowered  at  Lommerliest  at 
Baarn,  the  property  of  Mr.  C.  A.  A.  Dudok  de  Wit, 
of  Amsterdam.    It  had  a  flower-stem  of  3.25  metres. 

In  private  collections  in  the  Netherlands  there  are 
many  fine  and  large  plants  of  Agaves  ;  so  that  in 
the  years  which  follow  fine  summers,  and  which  are 
favourable  to  the  flowering  of  Agaves,  flowering 
plants  may  be  expected  here  and  there. 

Among  all  the  Dutch  collections  of  Agaves  the 
best  is,  without  doubt,  that  of  the  Zoological  Gar- 
dens at  Rotteidam.  This  collection  was  presented  to 
ttie  gardens  by  Mr.  T.  de  Jonge  van  Ellemeet, 
of  Ooslkapelle,  near  Middelburg,  in  1S74  and  1S75, 
and  consisted  then  of  about  300  fine  and  large  plants. 
Mr.  de  Jonge  van  Ellemeet,  who  was  a  friend  of  the 
late  Professor  Dr.  Kail  Koch,  at  Berlin,  and  of 
General  van  Jacobi,  had  formed  a  collection  of 
Agaves,  one  of-  the  best  in  Europe,  as  it  may 
be  yet  at  this  moment.  In  this  collection  there 
flowered  in  1S75  several  fine  specimens,  viz.,  two 
plants  of  A.  chiapensis,  with  stems  of  i  60  and 
2  metres  ;  one  plant  of  A.  uncinata  (Jacq.)  or  densi- 
flora  of  Belgian  gardens,  with  a  stem  of  1.20  metres  ; 
a  plant  of  A.  Celsiana  (Hook.),  with  a  stem  of 
So  centimetres ;  an  Agave  Ellemeetiana  (Jacobi  et 
Koch),  with  a  stem  of  2.23  metres  ;  and  an  A.  deal- 
bata,  with  a  stem  of  2.50  metres  ;  besides  plants  of 
A.  schidigera  (Lem.),  and  A.  dasylirioides  (Gaert.). 
In  many  instances  the  growth  of  the  flower-stems  was 
about  10  centimetres  in  tiventy-four  hours.  J,  //. 
Krelage,  Haarlem,  July  25. 


AN    OLD-FASHIONED   GARDEN. 

There  is  a  charm  and  fascination  about  an  old- 
fashioned  garden,  a  picturesque  suggesliveness  of  by- 
gone times,  an  old-world  look  of  peace  and  plenty 
and  stability  about  it  that  modern  gardens  seem  to 
lack.  Subtle  odours,  too,  are  afloat  in  and  around 
it,  Lavender  and  Ladslove  are  there,  with  Thjmeand 
Marjoram,  Cabbage  Roies,  Honeysuckle,  and  Musk, 
Cloves  and  Gillyflowers.  Then  the  prim  hedgerows 
of  Privet  and  Vew  form  such  efTective  background  of 
sombre  greens  against  which  those  stately  obelisks  of 
glowing  colour,  the  Hollyhocks,  stand  out  so  grandly. 
There  is  such  an  old  garden  hard  by,  sheltered  by  the 
hill,  on  which  stands  thechurch,  and  on  the  north,  east, 
and  west,  by  belts  of  trees — Chestnuts,  Elms,  and 
Scotch  Firs,  which  will  ere  long,  perhaps,  be  a  green 
oasis  in  a  region  where  artificiality  will  be  supreme* 
It  consists  of  a  couple  of  acres  of  garden,  and  three  of 
pasture  land.  The  lady  whcse  property  it  is,  has  re- 
sided on  the  spot  for  upwards  of  half  a  century.  She 
deserves  the  thanks  of  the  neighbourhood  for  still  hold- 
ing it,  inasmuch  as  land,  at  that  time  worth  a  hundred 
pounds  an  acre^  would  now  sell  readily  for  twice  as 


many  thousands.  I  have  just  been  walking  round  it  wi  h 
the  head  gardener,  Mr.  Gough,  who  seems  to  take  as 
much  interest  as  the  good  lady  herself  in  its  successful 
management.  There  is  no  stint  of  manure,  but  the 
enormous  crops  of  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  are 
owing  chiefiy  to  the  persistent  application  of  well 
directed  labour.  Ten  feet  walls  bound  the  principal 
kitchen  garden  on  the  east  and  south.  On  both  of 
these  there  are  large  crops  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines, 
Apricots,  Plum;-,  Figs,  and  Pears.  On  the  east  wall 
both  Peaches  and  Apricots  do  well,  though  they  miss 
the  sun  entirely  by  12  o'clock.  A  singular  circumstance 
occurred  wiih  regard  to  a  Buckland  Sweetwater 
Grape  on  this  wall.  Year  after  year  the  crop  was 
mildewed  badly  and  consequently  worthless.  It  was 
found  necessary,  however,  to  make  a  doorway  in  this 
wall,  and  since  (for  two  year?)  there  have  been  heavy 
crops  of  line  fruit.  In  the  same  aspect,  on  the 
blackened  boards  of  an  old  stable,  Black  I  lamburgh 
Grapes  have  been  grown  sufficiently  fine  to  compete 
with  those  grown  under  glass.  There  is  always 
something  to  take  note  ot  in  a  good  all-round  garden, 
though  the  note  may  sound  flat  to  a  professional  gar- 
dener. I  could  not  help  but  compare  my  Telegraph 
Peas  with  those  I  saw  here  :  had  I  put  in  a  tenth 
of  the  seed  actually  planted,  so  much  the  better  ;  it 
would  not  have  been  merely  the  saving  of  seed,  but 
the  weight  and  quality  of  the  crop.  The  setds  in  this 
case  were  planted  zij^zag,  4  inches  apart  ;  (he  haulms 
and  foliage  wtre  remaikably  strong  and  healthy. 
Reverting  a  moment  to  open-air  Grapes,  a  white 
Muscadine  was  planted  in  front  of  an  open,  tiled 
shed,  trained  up  a  support  ;  a  branch  by  accident 
straggled  under  the  tiles,  and  on  this  was  one  capital 
bunch  of  Grapes,  the  others  were  worthless;  the 
branches  are  now  every  year  drawn  back  into  the 
shed,  and  ripen  the  fruit  nicely.  In  planting  new 
beds  of  Strawberiie?,  three  plants  are  invariably  put 
in  together,  and  whenever  there  happens  to  be  a 
barren  one  it  is  at  once  removed.  Raspberries  are 
growntrained  to  three  strands  of  iron  wire  stretched  be- 
tween 6-inch  Larch  poles  4  feet  high  ;  by  this  means 
the  canes  are  exposed  to  sun  and  air,  and  the  fruit 
more  conveniently  gathered  than  when  trained  to 
stakes  in  the  ordinary  way.  This  is  altogther 
a  most  interesting  old  garden,  especially  rich 
in  herbaceous  plants,  among  which  we  noticed 
some  fine  plants  of  Preonia  moutan.  In  the  little 
conservatory  adjoing  the  drawing-room  I  noticed  some 
plants  of  Vesuvius  grown  in  14-inch  pots  to  cover  a 
back  trellis  ;  they  were  between  S  and  9  feet  high  and 
very  effective.  Though  only,  perhaps,  30  yards  from 
a  busy  metropolitan  station  on  one  side,  and  bounded 
by  high  roads  on  the  other  two,  the  good  lady  has 
managed  to  preserve  the  birds.  Wood  pigeons 
build  close  to  the  house,  and  their  young  feed  on  the 
lawn,  while  blackbirds  and  thrushes  all  day,  and 
nightngales  all  night  long,  keep  up  their  chorus  of 
sweet  songs.  The  air  for  some  weeks  since  was 
loaded  with  the  fragrance  of  blossoming  fruit  trees. 
Wallflowers  ard  Stocks;  afterwards  filled  with  the 
sweet  odours  of  Lilac-lide,  The  only  fruit  that  has 
sulTered  in  this  neighbourhood  is  the  Plum.  There  is 
promise  of  enormous  crops  of  Apples,  Pears,  and 
wall  fruits,  and  there  will  be  in  all  probability  abun- 
dant supplies  of  small  fruit,   T.  JKj  Harrow^ 


irrlpd  f^otcs  and  ||lDaitiiip. 


AliRANTHUS   LEO.NIS. 

Referring  to  the  "curiously  curved  nectary  "  of 
this  new  species  it  is  stated  at  p.  So  that  the  moth 
must  have  a  very  long  and  flexible  proboscis  that  can 
reach  the  nectar  at  the  lowest  point.  On  referring  to 
the  plate,  however,  it  will  be  observed  that  in  every 
case  the  end  of  the  nectary  is  higher  than  the  curve, 
which  would  cause  any  viscid  substance  to  drain  to 
that  point  which  is  the  lowest,  and  in  that  ca=e  the 
proboscis  of  any  insect  could  easily  reach  it.  J. 
Douglas.    [Why  didn't  we  see  so  obvious  a  fact  ?    Ed  ] 

Cattleya  maxima  Backhousii 

is  a  dwarf  compact  evergreen  plant,  having  pale  green 
stems  and  foliage,  in  which  peculiarities  it  is  distinct 
from  all  others.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a  light 
magenta,  and  the  lip  is  of  the  same  ground  colour,  but 
distinctly  veined  with  deep  magenta-purple.  It  blooms 


after  the  growth  ii  completed  from  a  sheath  ofihejuit 
mitured  stem,  the  flowers  being  produced  during  the 
winter  and  spring  months,  and  continued  in  beauty 
for  two  or  three  weeks.  This  variety  comes  from 
Peru.     Orchid  Album,  t.  !g3. 

Odontoglossum  iieeraicum. 
An  evergreen  plan',  the  foliage  and  pseudobulbs 
being  of  a  pleasing  green  colour.  The  flowers  pro- 
ceed from  the  base  of  the  bulbs  on  scapes  some  foot 
or  more  in  length,  after  the  growth  of  the  pseudobulbs 
has  been  completed,  and  are  borne  in  panicles.  The 
sepali  and  petals  are  a  pale  yellow,  distinctly  spotted 
in  a  curious  hieroglyphical  manner  with  chocolate- 
brown,  and  the  lip  is  of  the  same  colour,  with  three 
or  four  irregular  blotches  in  the  centre.  It  blooms 
in  winter,  and  requires  the  same  treatment  as  O, 
crispum,  Oichiil  Atliiim,  t.  194, 

Barkeria  elegans. 
A  deciduous  plant,  with  upright  slender  sttm=, 
with  light  green  foliage  ;  the  flower-scapes  proceed 
from  the  top  of  the  stem.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
of  a  delicate  blush  lilac,  and  the  lip  is  while,  with  a 
large  deep  magenta  blotch  on  the  fore  part.  It 
blooms  in  early  spring.      Orchid  Alburn,  t.  6195. 

CVPRirEDIUM    .SCHEODER.Ti. 

A  garden  hybrid  described  in  these  columns,  xix  , 
432.  It  is  an  evergreen  Orchid,  with  light  green 
(olrage.  The  flower-stem  proceeds  from  the  centre  of 
the  young  growth.  The  dorsal  sepal  is  of  a  pale 
yellow  hue,  tinged  with  dull  red,  the  petals  dull 
crimson,  lighter  towards  the  base,  and  the  lip  dull 
crimson,  densely  spotted  in  the  interior.  It  blooins 
in  December.     Orchid  Album,  I.  igS. 

Cattleya  nobilior  var.  Hugueneyi. 
Leaves  ovate  acute,  flowers  flat  stellate,  sepals 
oblong  acute,  petals  ovate,  dull  lilac,  lip  projecting, 
3lobed,  lateral  lobes  rounded,  erect,  anterior  lobs 
spreading,  2-lobed,  yellow,  with  a  broad  lilac  edge. 
Li.ulcnia,  t.  5. 

CvPRirFDIUM    DTvUKM. 

Flowers  solitary,  sepals  oblong,  yellow  wiih  a 
central  narrow  band  of  reddish-purple,  lip  bag- 
shaped,  yellow.     Southern  Mysore.  Ltiiiienia,  t.  6. 

Epidendrum   paniculatum. 
A  handsome  species  with  sessile  amplexicaul  oblong 
acute  leaves  ;  flowers  lilac-rose,  numerous,  in  terminal 
erect  pyramidal  panicles.     Lindenia^  t.  7, 

PlIAL.ENOPSB    StUARTIANA   VAR.     PUNCTUL-^TA 

differs  from  the  type  in  the  markings  of  the  flower 
being  more  distinct,  and  the  carmine-yellow  coloura- 
tion of  the  lip  much  brighter.  The  figure  was  taken 
from  a  plant  which  flowered  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Compagnie  Continentale,  at  Ghent.  Linticnia,  t.  8, 


FGI^ESTI^Y. 


WORK    FOR   AUGUST. 

As  this  month  brings  but  little  speciil  work  for  the 
forester,  every  opportunity  should  be  taken  to  forward 
all  general  woodland  operations,  and  upon  land  in- 
tended for  autumn  planting,  so  that  these  may  be 
well  in  hand  before  the  busy  planting  season  actually 
sets  in. 

Enclose  such  ground  as  is  to  be  planted  during  the 
coming  season,  and  have  the  same  cleared  of  all 
Gorse,  Brambles,  and  other  herbage,  drained  and 
trenched  where  necessary,  and  the  making  of  roads, 
pitting,  cartage  of  material,  and  all  other  necessaries, 
well  in  hand  as  time  and  other  circumstances  will 
permit. 

Transplanting. 

The  transplanting  of  evergreens  maybe  commenced 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  month,  choosing  dull, 
damp  weather  for  the  operation.  If  properly  attended 
to  this  will  be  found  a  successful  month  for  the  work, 
and  greatly  to  be  preferred  to  a  later  pericd.  Pie* 
parations  for  layering  should  now  be  made,  pegs 
cut,  the  ground  loosened  around  such  stools  as  are 
meant  to  be  layered,  and  the  work  taken  in  hand 
towards  the  end  of  the  month. 

The  NtJRSERY. 
In  the  nursery  little  can  now  be  done,  for  the  keep- 
ing of  weeds  in  bounds  will  occupy  most  of  the  spare 


AVGUST    t,    ISS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


143 


time.  Bud  Hollies,  Chestnuts,  and  Thorns,  and  pny 
attention  to  recently  grafted  and  budded  trees,  so  that 
the  bandages  may  be  loosened  and  all  shoots  rubbed 
from  off  the  stocks  where  required.  Cuttings  of  ever- 
greens that  are  propagated  in  that  way  should  be 
inserted  towards  the  end  of  the  month  or  beginning 
of  next.  Choose  a  loose  soil  of  rather  a  peaty  nature, 
and  add  a  plentiful  supply  of  clean  sharp  sand,  which 
w'lll  induce  free  rooting  and  prevent  damping  off. 
Vacant  ground  should  be  kept  well  stirred  ;  and  also 
the  spaces  between  lines  of  young  plants.  Clear  drives 
and  walks  during  dry,  warm  weather,  and  where 
wer ds  are  extra  abundant  a  sprinkling  of  salt  or  small 
quantity  of  carbolic  acid  wiU  greatly  assist  in  keeping 
these  in  bounds. 

General   Work. 

Mow  grass  and  rubbish  growing  alongside  drives 
and  walks  so  that  seeding  may  be  prevented  ;  and 
attend  to  all  overhanging  branches  that  are  likely  to 
interfere  with  the  traffic.  When  lime  permits  have 
all  timber  that  i;  intended  for  home  consumption 
catted  and  stacked  near  the  saw-mil),  while  it  can  be 
removed  without  the  grit  and  dirt  which  adhere  to  it 
in  winter,  and  which,  not  unfrequenlly,  does  so  much 
injury  to  the  machinery  used  in  its  conversion. 

Fences  will  still  require  attention,  indeed  the  work 
of  the  fencer  is  much  alike  summer  and  winter. 
Tree  guards  should  be  frequently  examined,  as  where 
young  horses  roam  at  will  injury  is  of  by  no  means 
unfrcquent  occurrence.  The  tarring  of  fences,  gate- 
posts, iS;c.,  may  still  be  prosecuted,  especially  when 
the  weather  is  warm  and  dry.  In  parks  and  other 
inclosures  cut  off  such  branches  as  the  cattle  have 
barked  or  are  in  any  way  likely  to  interfere  with. 
Prune  dead  branches  from  park  and  lawn  trees, 
remove  rival  leaders,  and  keep  within  bounds  such 
shrubs  as  are  likely  to  infringe  on  Conifers  in  their 
close  environ.  Draining,  levelling,  and  road  making 
may  be  taken  in  hand,  while  hedging,  thinning,  and 
charcoal-making  are  now  well  advanced.  A.  D. 
IVcbstcr,  Pcnrhyn  Castle,  A'ofih  IVa'cs. 


(^: 


K>i/:^\\\^ 


laiits  and  i\\m\  tultuiif. 


STOVE  FINE-FOLIAGE  PLANTS. 
As  soon  as  there  is  a  spare  corner  in  the  propagating 
pit  (or  any  substitute  that  is  made  use  of  instead  of  this 
useful  adjunct)  the  opportunity  should  be  taken  to 
strike  some  well  coloured  shoots  of  Crotons,  which 
ought  now  to  be  had  without  any  dilficuity.  The 
advantage  to  be  derived  from  propagation  at  this 
season  is  that  young  stock  of  sturdy  growth,  retaining 
their  foliage  even  from  below  the  level  of  the  soil  in 
which  they  are  struck,  can  be  obtained  without  diffi- 
culty and  with  but  little  or  even  no  artificial  heat. 
Straight  shoots  with  the  foliage  well  balanced  should 
be  chosen,  and  those  of  the  brightest  variegation 
always  preferred.  The  pots  known  as  long  6o's  are 
best  for  these  cuttings,  out  of  which,  when  well 
rooted,  they  can  be  shifted  into  4  or  5-inch  pots 
according  to  the  size  and  vigour  of  the  plant.  After 
this  shift,  and  when  the  plants  are  become  well 
rooted,  they  will  be  fit  for  decorative  uses  ;  and, 
considering  the  rapidity  with  which  this  can  be 
brought  about,  there  is  no  subject  can  equal  the 
Crotons  when  well  grown.  The  selection  of  good 
cuttings  is  of  great  importance  in  the  earlier  stages  of 
cultivation  of  any  shrubby  plant,  but  is  perhaps  more 
apparent  Jn  that  of  Crotons  than  in  any  other  stove 
plant.  After  being  established  in  their  first  shift, 
water  may  be  applied  to  the  roots  almost  without 
stint,  and  a  free  use  of  the  syringe  must  be  made  to 
keep  in  check  insect  pests.  Crotons  are  something 
like  Willows,  and  delight  in  an  abundance  of 
moisture,  they,  however,  require  free  exposure  to  the 
sunlight  in  order  to  intensify  thetr  beautiful, colora- 
tions and  to  retain  a  compact  habit  of  growth.  <_>a 
no  account  must  they  be  allowed  to  suffer  for  want 
of  water,  or  the  loss  of  the  lower  leaves  will  ensue  ; 
some  liquid  manure  or  artificial  stimulant  should  fre- 
quently be  used  when  the  plant  has  become  pot- 
bound,  y.  Hudson,  Gunnershury  llotcse,  /li:/o/t. 


"pF^UIT'S     'IJnDEI^    'Q1.A3?. 


M  K  L  O  N  S. 

Rite  Melons  can  be  obtained  late  in  the  autumn 
months  by  sowing  seed  of  ihem  about  the  1st  of 
August.  We  have  on  several  occasions  done  this  and 
secured  merely  a  fair  crop  of  ripe  fruif,  but  this  is 
owing  to  the  waning  sunshine,  and  kindred  causes 
which  tend  to  impair  the  size  and  reduce  the  quality  of 
the  fruit.  We  have  abandoned  the  raising  of  this  crop 
altogether  as  being  scarcely  worth  the  time  and  atten- 
tion it  involved,  and  for  our  latest  we  now,  as  a  general 
rule,  sow  the  seeds  about  midsuthmer-day.  With  the 
usual  treatment,  these  plants  are  now,  July  27,  ready 
to  put  into  fruiting  pots  or  beds,  as  the  case  may  be, 
and  with  ordinary  management  the  crop  of  Melons 
on  the  plants  will  be  ripe  at  the  end  of  September,  or 
thereabouts.  It  is  expedient  to  employ  for  this  crop 
a  house  which  will  enjoy  every  ray  of  sunshine,  and 
further,  possess  a  heating  apparatus  to  maintain 
the  necessary  warmth,  failing  sun  heat.  The  latter 
should  be  utilised  to  the  utmost  by  closing  the 
house  in  the  afternoon  with  the  thermometer  at  about 
90"*.  Ventilate  rather  early  in  the  morning,  in  order  to 
lid  the  foliage  of  condensed  moisture  before  the  sun's 
rays  become  powerful  enough  to  injure  them — if  in 
the  interim  before  closing  time  sunshine  prevails, 
ventilate  the  house  freely  and  fully  whenever  95"  inside 
can  be  assured.  At  closing  up  time  for  the  day,  if 
the  plants  be  on  trellises,  syringe  both  the  upper  and 
under  surfaces  of  the  leaves.  This  is  the  best  way  to 
displace  that  prolific  pest,  the  red-spider,  should  ^ 
it  abound,  and  also  keep  the  leaves  clean  and 
healthy.  As  time  proceeds,  and  growth  likewise,  and 
the  fruits  become  heavy,  they  should  be  supported 
1  efcre  ripening  begins.  Those  which  hang  beneath 
trellises  can  easily  be  suspended  by  two  broad  pieces 
of  matting  attached  to  the  trellis  and  crossed  under 
the  bottom  of  the  fruit,  whilst  those  on  the  surface  of 
beds  merely  require  a  piece  of  slate  underneath  them, 
placed  so  as  to  let  the  water  run  off  it  quickly  ;  the 
former  way  is  much  to  be  recommended  f-^r  late  crops 
as  being  infinitely  the  best  method  for  late  work. 
Another  matter  of  moment  is  to  ensure  having  a 
gentle  warmth  at  the  roots  continuously  and  more 
especially  at  that  period  when  the  fruit  is  ap- 
proaching maturity.  Give  the  customary  attention 
to  crops  of  Melons  advancing  in  frames  ;  do 
not  suffer  the  plants  to  run  almost  wild  and  then 
at  once  to  divest  them  of  half  the  shoots  and  foliage 
together,  but  rather  afford  a  little  time,  about  once 
or  twice  in  each  week,  to  attend  to  their  requirements 
in  the  way  of  stopping  and  training.  This  wi[l  more 
than  be  compensated  for  in  the  size  and  superior 
condition  of  the  fruvt.  If  the  sunshine  and 
heat,  as  we  have  litely  experienced,  continues, 
Melons  in  frames  ought,  with  fair  attention,  to  do 
well.  Open  the  frames  a  little  way  at  the  top  on 
the  mornings  of  bright  days,  give  an  abundance  of  air 
in  hot,  sunny  weather,  and  shut  up  the  place  in  the 
afternoon  at  about  90^  At  this  time  sprinkle  the 
foliage  of  the  plants  and  the  walls. 

This  course  of  treatment  should  be  pursued  so  long 
as  sunny  weather  endures.  Under  less  favourable 
circumstance  modify  the  treatment  so  as  to  maintain 
the  heat  in  such  places  as  equable  as  possible.  As 
the  fruit  approaches  maturity  more  care  should  be 
exercised,  so  as  not  to  wet  it  so  much,  as  the  flesh 
of  Melons  becomes  more  tender  and  more  liable  to 
decay  from  a  superabundance  of  moisture  than  from 
any  other  cause  at  this  stage  of  development,  Cto. 
T/ios.  Miles,   Wycombe  ANny. 


|M  |ai;%  |'l«it  |ar<l(in. 


WALL    TREES. 

All  Euch  trees  should  have  great  attention  for  some 
time  as  regards  watering,  syringing,  and  keeping  the 
foliage  clean  and  free  from  insects.  No  after  atten- 
tion will  compensate  for  neglect  at  this  time  ol  the 
year,  as  now  is  the  time  to  build  up  the  trees  and 
fit  thera  to  bear  satisfactory  crops  ;  for,  no  matter  how 
skilfully  the  winter  pruning,  nailing,  and  cleansing 
may  be,  it  will  all  be  in  vain  if  the  trees  do  not  receive 
proper  treatment  during  the  growing  season. 

Most  kinds  of  wall  trees  will   by  this  time  have 


almost  completed  their  summer  growth,  and  the  chief 
aim  should  now  he  to  thoroughly  ripen  the  wood. 
This  applies  to  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Plums,  Pears, 
&c. — in  fact,  to  all  kinds  of  fruit-bearing  trees  and 
bushes  ;  thinning  out  all  weakly  shoots,  nailing  in 
the  young  wood  close  to  the  walls,  and,  above  every- 
thing, to  avoid  crowding  the  walls  with  young  shoots. 
It  is  much  safer  and  far  more  satisfactory  to  err  on 
the  side  of  having  the  shoots  too  wide  apart  than  to 
have  the  walls  crowded  with  hall-ripened  shoots, 
which  cannot  bring  satisfactory  results. 

Strawbekries,  &c. 
Strawberry  beds  will  be  finished  bearing  in 
most  places,  and  all  the  young  runners  not 
wanted  for  potting  up  or  forming  new  planta- 
tions should  now  be  cleared  away,  and  should 
the  weather  continue  dry  and  hot  a  good  water- 
ing would  be  of  much  advantage  to  the  beds. 
Carefully  avoid  cutting  otT  the  old  leaves  ;  only  re- 
move such  as  are  withered.  I  have  seen  all  the  leaves 
clean  cut  off,  a  practice  v/hich  I  must  strongly  con- 
demn. Of  sorts,  Oxonian  I  find  later  than  Elton 
Pine,  so  that  growers  would  do  well  to  make  a  note 
of  this  variety,  and  if  not  already  grown,  lose  no  time 
in  plantinj;  it  in  a  cool,  shady  position.  Gooseberries, 
such  as  Warrington  and  Henson's  Prolific,  should 
now  be  netted  over  to  keep  otT  birds,  much  in  the 
same  way  as  advised  for  Strawberries  in  former 
Calenders.  When  Raspberries  are  done  bearing,  the 
shoots  that  have  borne  fruit  should  now  be  cut  clean 
away,  and  the  young  shoots  lightly  tied  up,  so  that 
they  may  have  a  chance  to  become  thoroughly 
ripened.   J.  Smilh,  i^knlmore,  Biic/a,  July  27. 


SEED  SOWING  AND  PLANTI.MG  OUT,  &c. 
It  is  important  to  have  a  goodly  number  of  Lettuce 
and  Endive  about  three-fourths  grown  and  fit  for  lilting 
and  placing  in  frames  just  before  the  approach  of 
injurious  frosts.  To  secure  this  end  attention  as  to 
the  date  of  sowing  is  necessary.  The  dales  for 
Lettuce  sowing  were  given  in  a  former  Calendar. 
Endive  for  this  purpose  should  be  sown  about  the 
middle  of  August.  Preparations  must  now  be  made 
for  getting  in  the  seed  to  supply  the  winter  Turnips, 
and  a  couple  ol  weeks  later  the  winter  Spinach.  A 
piece  of  well  drained  and  manured  ground  in  a  well 
exposed  position  is  best  for  both  crops.  The  ground 
should  also  receive  a  good  dressing  of  fresh  soot,  to 
which  a  little  lime  may  be  added  prior  to  spreading. 
This  may  be  applied  afler  the  ground  has  been 
manured  anddug.  Itshould  belhen well  worked  inwiih 
the  hand-harrow  or  wooden  rake  prior  to  drawing  the 
drills,  which  may  be  i  foot  apart  for  Turnips,  and 
14  to  16  inches  apart  for  Spinach.  Where  Leeks  are 
required  throughout  the  winter  successional  planta- 
tions may  be  made  as  the  ground  becomes  vacant  by 
the  removal  of  Peas,  Beans,  or  Polatos.  The  same 
remarks  apply  to  winter  Greens,  Kale,  Savoys,  and 
late  Broccoli,  many  ol  which  have  been  large  enough 
to  plant  out  long  ago  ;  had  the  weather  not  been 
so  hot  and  the  ground  so  dry. 

Radiih-sowing  may  begin  again  in  August,  as  the 
ground  gets  cooler  ;  they  will  be  mild  in  flavour, 
similar  to  spring  roots.  Kidney  Beans  should  have 
short  slakes  placed  to  thrm  ;  receiving  this  altemion 
keeps  the  plants  from  being  broken  when  gathering 
the  pods  ;  the  tops  cut  from  Pea-slakes  are  suitable 
for  this  purpose. 

Watering. 

Well  watering  overhead  with  a  coarse  rose  keeps 
the  hearts  of  the  plants  clean  and  free  from  fly 
and  other  insects,  as  well  as  keeping  Ihem  healthy  at 
the  root.  Late  Peas,  successional  Kidney  Beans, 
Scarlet  Runners,  newly-planted  Asparagus  beds, 
Celery,  Cauliflower,  &c.,  must  be  watered  in  the 
absence  of  rain— that  is,  if  the  best  results  are  ulti- 
mately to  be  obtained,  as  the  soil  now,  even  where 
mulched  on  the  surface,  is  dust-dry  beneath.  Peas 
especially,  should  receive  special  attention  in  this 
respect,  or  they  will  quickly  be  affected  with  mildew. 
Break  the  leaves  over  Cauliflowers  to  protect  the  flower 
from  Ihe  sun.  Tomatos  should  be  looked  over  weekly 
and  pinched,  all  superfluous  shoots  being  removed. 

During  this  favourable  weather  advantage  should 
be  taken  to  destroy  all  weeds  between  growing  crops — 
in  lact  the  above  and  watering,  preparing  of  ground 
for  winter  crop  will  now  be  the  staple  work  in  this 
department  until  the  much  wanted  rain  comes  to 
facilitate  other  operations.  G.  H.  Riihards,  Sometley 
GarJins,  King-oood, 


144 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  iSSS- 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 


icultural  Show,  Northampton. 


WE  have  great  pleasure  in  laying  before 
our  readers  the  following  circular  relating 
to  the  National  Pear  Conference  pro- 
posed to  be  held  in  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Gardens,  Chiswick,  in  October  next  ;— 
"  The  crop  of  Pears  this  present  season  being 
generally  abundant  and  good,  an  extremely 
favourable  opportunity  is  presented  for  the 
examination  of  the  numerous  varieties  culti- 
vated throughout  the  country.  The  Council  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  has  therefore 
decided  to  hold  a  Conference  on  Pears  (of  a 
similar  character  to  that  so  succesfully  adopted 
in  regard  to  Apples  in  1SS3),  in  the  great  Con- 
servatory at  Chiswick,  commencing  on  Octo- 
ber 21  next. 

"  This  Conference  will  not  assume  the  form  of 
an  ordinary  exhibition— there  will  be  no  com- 
petition and  no  prizes— the  objects  being  to 
disseminate  useful  knowledge  on  the  varieties 
most  suitable  for  cultivation,  to  compare  their 
merits,  and  to  correct  their  nomenclature,  and 
generally  to  render  the  meeting  instructive  to 
fruit  growers.  The  collection  of  Pears  grown 
in  the  gardens,  which  contains  many  typical 
varieties,  will  be  available  for  comparison. 

"  Growers  of  fruit  will  have  in  this  exhibition 
an  opportunity  of  correcting  or  verifying  the 
nomenclature  of  their  own  fruits,  by  bringing 
specimens  with  them  and  making  a  personal 
examination.  Every  possible  assistance  will  be 
given  by  members  of  the  Committee  to  such 
enquirers. 

"  All  fruit  growers  are  invited  to  contribute, 
and  the  more  widely  the  collections  are  pro- 
cured, the  greater  will  be  the  interest  created. 
No  limit  will  be  placed  on  the  number  of 
varieties  any  one  may  see  fit  to  send,  and  it  is 
not  necessary  that  they  should  be  the  products 
of  his  own  grounds.  The  Council  desires  that 
an  efifort  be  made  to  procure  representatives  of 
all  the  varieties  that  are  grown  in  the  various 
districts,  and  that  all  should  be  distinctly 
labelled  with  the  name  or  names  under  which 
they  are  grown  in  their  respective  localities. 

"  It  is  desirable  that  every  collection  should 
be  accompanied  with  as  much  information  as 
can  be  furnished,  with  regard  to  soil,  stocks, 
exposure,  and  physical  conditions  of  the  districts 
from  which  they  are  gathered  &c.,  to  aid  the 
Committee,  if  necessary,  in  drawing  up  their 
report.  Cards  and  forms  for  this  purpose  will 
be  supplied  by  the  Secretary  to  all  exhibitors  on 
application. 

"  The  specimens  being  strictly  for  examina- 
tion they  must  necessarily  be  at  the  disposal  of 
the  Committee  where  required. 

"  As  the  earlier  varieties  of  Pears  will  be  over 
before  the  time  fixed  for  the  Conference,  it  is 
desirable  that  specimens  of  these  be  sent  to  any 
of  the  meetings  of  the  Fruit  Committee  pre- 
ceding Conference.  These  should  be  addressed 
to  the  Secretary,  Fruit  Committee,  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  South  Kensington. 

"  E.xhibitors  are  requested  to  send  not  less 
than  two  or  more  than  six  fruits  of  a  kind  for 
the  purposes  of  comparison. 

"  Notice  of  intention  to  exhibit  must  be  given 
to  the  Secretary,  Mr.  Barron,  not  later  than 
Wednesday,  October  14,  stating  the  number  of 
varieties  to  be  exhibited,  and  the  amount  of 
space  that  will  be  required.  Consignments  of 
fruit— to  be  staged  by  the  Committee— should 
be  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  for  delivery  on 
or  before  Monday,  October  ig.  The  carriage 
will  be  paid  by  the  Society.  Heavy  packages 
to  be  sent  per  goods  train. 

"  Exhibitors  staging  their  own  fruit  may  do 
so  on  Tuesday  the  20th,  or  on  the  morning  of 
the  21st,  so  as  to  be  ready  for  the  inspection  of 


the   Committee    at   i    o'clock   P.M.,   when  the 
exhibition  will  be  opened. 

"  All  exhibitors  will  be  admitted  to  the  gar- 
dens free,  and  will  receive  tickets  in  proportion 
to  the  extent  of  their  exhibits  for  the  admission 
of  friends." 


W'lieeler,  A.  C. ,  The  Nurseries,  Gloucester. 
»\Voodbridge,  J.,  The  Gardens,  Syon  House,  Brentford. 
Wildsmith,  W.,  The  Gardens,  Heckfield  Place,  Winch- 
field. 
Wynne,  B.,  17,  Catherine  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


The  following  gentlemen  have  been  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  carry  out  the  objects  of 
the  Conference  in  various  parts  of  the  country, 
those  marked  *  forming  the  Executive. 

Anderson,  A,,  Oxenford  Castle,  Dalkeith. 
Bashford,  — ,  Guernsey. 
Blackmore,  R.  D.,  Teddington. 
Breese,  G.,  Pelwortb  Park,  Petworth. 
Brotherston,  R.  P.,  Tynninghame,  Prestonkirk. 
Browne,  Colville,  The  Paddocks,  Swaffham,  Norfolk. 
Bulmer,  Rev.  C.  H.,  Credenhill  Rectory,  Hereford. 
Bull,  Dr.,  Hereford. 
•Bunyard,  George,  Nurseries,  Maidstone. 
Burnett,  J.,  The  Gardens,  The  Deepdene,  Dorking. 
Cathcart,  Robert,  Pitcairlie,  Auchtermuchty,  File. 
Cheal,  ].,  Nurseries,  Crawley,  Sussex. 
Chesterfield,  The  Earl  of,  Hohne  Lacy,  Hereford. 
Coleman,  W.,  Eastnor  Castle  Gardens,  Ledbury. 
Cranston,  John,  The  Nurseries,  Hereford. 
Cummins,   G.  W.,  The  Gardens,  The  Grange,  Wal- 

hngton. 
Dalrymple,   The  Hon.  G.,   EUiston  House,  St.   Bos- 
wells. 
Dean,  A.,  Bedfont,  Hounslow. 
Dickson,  F.,  106,  Eastgate  Su-eet,  Chester. 
Dickson,  J.,  io3,  Eastgate  Street,  Chester. 
Draper,  ].  W.,  Covent  Garden. 
Dunn,  M.,  The  Gardens,  Dalkeith  Palace,  N.B. 
Ford,  S.,  The  Gardens,  Leonardslee,  Horsham. 
Garland,  J.,  The  Gardens,  Killerton,  Exeter. 
Gilbert,  R.,  The  Gardens,  Burghlcigh,  Stamford. 
Goldsmith,  G.,  Tonbridge. 
Graham,  ].,  Cranford,  Hounslow. 
Harrison,  J.,  The  Nurseries,  Leicester. 
Haycock,  C,  The  Gardens,  B.irham  Court,  Maidstone. 
Hibberd,  S.,  i.  Priory  Road,  Kew  Green,  Kew. 
*Hogg,  Dr.  R.,  171,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Hathaway.   ].,  The  Gardens,   Lathom  House,  Orms- 

kirk. 
Ingram,  W.,  The  Gardens,  Belvoir  Castle,  Grantham. 
Jefferies,  W.  ].,  The  Ntu-series,  Cirencester. 
Jefiferies,  J.  E.,  The  Nurseries,  O.xford. 
Jenkins,  W.,  The  Willows,  Abergavenny. 
Jones,  T.,  Royal  Gardens,  Frogtnore. 
Kingsley.  Rev.  W.,  South  Kilvington  Rectory,  Thirsk. 
Lane,  ].  E.,  The  Nurseries,  Great  Berkhamstead. 
La.\lon,  T.,  Bedford. 
Lee,  W.  The  Nurseries,  Hammersmith. 
*Lee,  J.,  78,  Warwick  Gaidens,  W. 
Mansell,  [.  L.,  St.  Peter's  Terrace,  Guernsey. 
Masters,  Dr.,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Su-and,  W.C. 
Miles,  G.  T.,  The  Gardens,  Wycombe  Abbey,  High 

Wycombe. 
Miller,  W.,  Coombe  Abbey,  Coventry. 
Muir,    ].,    The    Gardens,    Margam   Castle,   Taibach, 

S.  Wales. 
Paul,  G.,  The  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 
Paul,  W.,  TheNurseris,  Waltham  Cross. 
Pearson,  J.  R.,  The  Nurseries,  Chilwell,  Notts. 
Penny,  C,  The  Gardens,  Sandringham,  King's  Lynn. 
Poynier,  R.,  The  Nurseries,  Taunton. 
Pragnell,    W.   G.,   The    Gardens,    Sherborne    Castle, 

Dorset. 
Renwick,  J.,  The  Nurseries,  Melrose,  N.B. 
•Rivers,  T.  F.,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth. 
Ritchie,  H.,  Eardiston  Gardens,  Worcester. 
•Roberts,  J.,  The  Gardens,  Gunnersbury  Park,  Acton. 
Robertson,  Dr.,  Errol,  N.B. 

Robinson,  W.,  37,  Southampton  Street,  Su-and,  W.C. 
Ross,  C,  The  Gardens,  Welford  Park,  Newbury. 
Rust,  J.,  The  Gardens.  Bridge  Castle.  Tunbridge  Wells. 
Rutland,  '^.,  The  Gardens,  Goodwood,  Chichester. 
Saltmarsh,  T.  J.,  The  Nurseries,  Chelmsford. 
Saunders,  C.  B.,  The  Nurseries,  St.  Heliers,  Jersey. 
Shingles,  T. ,  The  Gardens,  Tolworth  Court,  Gloucester. 
Smith,  J.,  The  Gardens,  Mentmore,  Leighlon  Buzzard. 
Smith,  R.,  The  Nurseries,  Worcester. 
Stevens,  Z.,  The  Gardens,  Trentham  Hall,  Stoke-on- 
Trent. 
Strickland,  Sir  C,  Bart.,  Hildenley,  Malton. 
Thomas,  C,  The  Gardens,  Chatsworth,  Chesterfield. 
Thomson,  D.,  The  Gardens,  Drumlanrig,  Castle,  N.B. 
Thomson,    W.,    The    "Vineyard,     Clovenfords,    Gala- 
shiels, N.B. 
Thurston,  Rev.  Joseph,  Guernsey. 
Turner,  A.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 
Unthank,  Rev.  G.  R.,  Templeville,  Limerick. 
"Veitch,  H.  J.,  The  Nurseries,  Chelsea,  S.W. 
■Veilch,  P.,  The  Nurseries,  Exeter. 
Webber,  J.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 
Webster,  y.,  The  Gardens,  Gordon  Castle,  Fochabers 
N.B. 


Princess  Henry  of  Battenberg.— The 

beautiful  bouquet  of  choice  white  flowers  which  the 
Princess  carried  on  the  occasion  of  bet  marriage  was 
presented  to  her  by  Mr.  Veitch.  In  the  centre  was  a 
sprig  of  Myrtle  from  a  tree  at  the  Swiss  Cottage  at 
Osborn,  which  was  struck  from  a  similar  sprig  in  a 
bouquet  presented  to  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany, 
on  her  marriage,  June  25,  1S58,  also  by  Mr.  Veitch. 

DiCTIONNAIRE    DE   BOTANIQUE.— M.   BAIL- 

LOn's  important  publication  has  reached  its  eighteenth 
number,  which  brings  the  Dictionary  down  to  the 
word  Francoa.  Some  important  articles  are  included 
in  the  present  number,  such  as  Eucalyptus,  Euphor- 
bia, Fleur,  Feuille,  Fougere.  A  great  feature  of  this 
publication  consists  in  the  woodcuts,  excellent  alike 
as  faithful  representations,  and  in  execution. 

Grand   National   Dahlia   Show.— We 

are  requested  to  announce  that  at  a  recent  meeting 
of  the  subscribers  to  the  prize  fund  for  the  show  to 
be  held  in  September  next  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  it 
was  decided  to  offer  a  prize  to  be  called  the  Turner 
Memorial  Prize,  as  a  memento  of  the  late  Mr. 
Charles  Turner,  of  Slough,  who  laboured  so 
assiduously  towards  the  establishment  of  these  exhi- 
bitions. Several  subscriptions,  varying  in  amount 
from  zs.  6d.  to  21  J.,  have  been  received  for  this 
object.  Those  who  desire  to  contribute  either  to  this 
or  the  general  fund,  are  requested  to  send  their  sub- 
scriptions within  the  next  few  days  to  the  Hon. 
Treasurer,  Mr.  Thomas  Moore,  Botanic  Garden, 
Chelsea,  S.W.,  in  order  that  the  conditions  ol  the 
prize  may  be  settled  at  the  next  meeting  of  the 
committee,  which  will  take  place  shortly. 

The  Antwerp  Congress.— At  the  opening 

meeting  on  August  2,  the  question  to  be  discussed 
will  be  : — 

The  flora  of  the  Congo  and  the  experiments  to 
be  undertaken  in  the  cultivation  and  acclimatisation 
of  plants  in  the  Free  State  of  Central  Africa. 

At  the  second  meeting,  August  3,  questions 
relating  to  the  best  methods  of  extending  the  know- 
ledge of  theoretical  and  practical  botany  in  relation  to 
the  cultivation  of  plants  will  be  brought  forward,  as 
well  as  matters  concerning  the  steps  to  be  taken  to 
secure  the  uniform  adoption  of  the  Centigrade  ther- 
mometer scale  ;  to  combat  the  attacks  of  aphides  ; 
and  to  secure  the  modification  and  uniform  applica- 
tion of  the  Phylloxera  Convention  of  Berne. 

In  the  Botanical  section  (August  5)  the  principal 
matters  in  the  programme  have  reference  to  the 
establishment  of  botanical  laboratories  for  purposes  of 
research  ;  to  instruction  in  Cryptogamic  botany  and 
vegetable  pathology.  The  question  of  the  best  kind 
of  labels  will  also  be  discussed. 

In  the  Horticultural  section,  which  meets  on 
August  4,  the  questions  of  artificial  manures,  and 
the  use  of  sewage  in  plant  cultivation  will  be  brought 
forward,  as  well  as  the  culture  of  Mushrooms,  the 
remedies  for  Phylloxera,  the  establishment  of  provi- 
dent societies  for  gardeners,  and  railway  tariffs. 

The  Market-Garden  section  will  deliberate  upon 
the  best  varieties  of  fruit  and  vegetables  for  market 
purposes,  and  the  best  means  of  disposing  of  the  pro- 
duce in  the  markets.  The  subject  of  fruit-tree  culture 
will  also  be  considered. 

The    Rowe  Orphan   Fund.— In  addition 

to  the  sums  announced  as  having  been  received  by 
us,  we  are  pleased  to  say  that  additional  sums  have 
been  received  during  the  past  week,  through  the 
kind  instrumentality  of  Mr.  George,  nurseryman, 
of  Putney  :  — 


.^n  Old  Gardener,  103,  High  Street.  Putney  ..  ..;Co  2  6 
G.  Stevens,  St,  John's  Nursery,  Putney  .  -  .,026 

H.  Brown,  The  CotLige,  Putney  Heath  ..         ..010 

Paul  &  Sons,  Cheshunt 100 

W.  Rapley,  Balham  050 

J.  Bennett.  Feldheim,  Wimbledon  Common  ..  ..030 
E.  Sanderson,  St.  Mary's  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W.  ..  050 
H.   Veitch,   Royal    Exotic    Nursery,    King's    Road, 

Chelsea       500 

J.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury  Park,  Acton i     i     o 

Robert  Veitch  &  Son,  Exeter        050 

W.  Holmes,  Frampton  Road  Nursery,  Hackney      ..026 

Also   from  John  Girilener,   Elsham    Hall   Gaidens, 

B.igg,  y. 


August  i,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


145 


Vanda    Sanderiana.  —  A     correspondent 

writes  : — "  Chester  was  certainly  en  file  during  the 
days  upon  which  the  Musical  Festival  was  held  in  the 
cathedral.  The  windows  of  the  nurserymen  in  the 
city  were  tilled  with  beautiful  flowers.  Messrs.  F.  l^ 
A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  the  Queen's  Seedsmen,  showed 
a  good  collection  of  cut  Roses,  Lilies,  and  herbaceous 
plants,  added  to  which  they  exhibited  a  beautiful  spe- 
cimen of  Vanda  Sanderiana  from  the  collection  of 
Arthur  Potts,  Esq.,  Hoole  Hall,  a  well  known 
horticulturist  and  an  enthusiastic  lover  of  Orchids." 

. Floral  Illustrations. — We  are  tempted 

sometimes  to  inquire  what  is  the  object  of  a  particular 
illustration  i  If  the  subject  be  treated  merely  from  a 
decorative  point  of  view,  well  and  good  ;  we  can 
afford  then  to  put  up  with  the  absence  of  correct 
detail,  and  with  obscurity  of  outline,  for  the  sake  of 
delicate  gradations  of  light  and  shade,  or  subtle  con- 
trasts of  colour.  A  drawing  or  an  engraving  which, 
from  a  botanical  point  of  view,  is  a  mere  Whistlerian 


no  one  will  say  that  in  his  work  there  is  any  lack  of 
"effect  "  although  he  strove  to  be  accurate  in  all  he 
did.  A  portrait  painter  will  not  feel  contented  with 
the  mere  reproduction  of  a  man's  features,  but  he  will 
endeavour  to  "  catch  the  expression  "  of  the  sitter  and 
give  animation  to  what  otherwise  would  be  a  mere 
diagram.  In  like  manner  the  ideal  botanical  drawing 
will,  without  any  sacrifice  of  essential  matters,  convert 
a  plant  into  a  picture  which  shall  give  details  with 
accuracy,  and  yet  produce  an  impression  of  life. 

Mesembryanthemum     edule.  —  We  are 

indebted  to  the  Surveyor  of  the  town  of  Torquay 
for  a  specimen  of  this  robust  'species,  which  grows 
and  flowers  in  profusion  at  Torquay,  where  it  proves 
perfectly  hardy.  The  plants  are  not  protected  in 
any  way,  but  grow  so  near  to  the  public  road  that 
strong  shoots  are  frequently  removed  by  passing 
carriages.  The  specimen  sent,  with  its  large 
awl-shaped,  3-sided  leaves  and  broadly  expanding 
yellowish  flowers,  makes  one  wish  that  it  should  be 


system,  and  having  studied  the  British  woods  since 
1868,  he  was  of  opinion  that  if  we  had  trained  wood- 
men our  woodlands  might  be  made  much  more  pro- 
ductive. Sylviculture  was  better  understood  in 
England  than  arboriculture.  [So  stated  in  the  daily 
journals,  but  we  suspect  the  reverse  was  intended.  Ed.] 
There  were  many  fine  ornamental  trees,  but  planting 
was  not  done  on  a  sufficiently  large  scale.  It  was  the 
general  opinion  of  those  acquainted  with  our  wood- 
lands that  the  establishment  of  a  forest  school  would  be 
of  great  advantage  to  this  country.  Various  steps  have 
been  taken  in  that  direction  in  Scotland  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  an  arboretum,  museums,  and  libraries. ' 
Tim-ber  was  imported  into  this  country  to  the  amount 
of  ^17,000,000  annually,  which  was  brought  up  by 
resin,  bark,  turpentine,  &c.,  to  ^31,000,000.  All 
the  foreign  possessions  of  England  were  taking  up  the 
subject  more  or  less.  Supplies  of  timber  from  Canada 
were  very  considerably  diminished.  Prince  Edward's 
Island,  which  was  once  covered  with  timber,  was 
altogether  denuded.      There   was  no   doubt  of  the 


Fig.    30. — ABIES    liRACUYPHYLLA  :   CONES   PURPLE.      (SEE   P,    I5I.) 


smudge,  from  the  imaginative  or  poetic  point  of  view 
of  the  artist,  may  be  one  which  would  justly  find 
favour  with  lovers  of  Turner  or  Rembrandt  ;  but 
for  the  purposes  of  the  gardener  or  botanist  some- 
thing more  definite  is  required.  The  object  in  this 
case  is  to  present  the  spectator  with  a  recognisable 
portrait,— correct  in  outline,  faultless  in  detail.  Many 
artists  are  thinking  of  something  different,  which 
they  call  effect — an  efi'ect  which  may  or  not  be 
true  to  Nature— an  effect  which  may  be  beau- 
tiful, but  which  is  not  what  is  required.  The 
conventional  artist  sees  one  facet  of  the  diamond 
of  truth,  the  descriptive  botanist  another,  the  physi- 
ologist yet  another.  The  artist  loves  to  depict 
the  curves  and  twists  of  the  leaves,  the  varied 
position  of  flowers  and  their  parts,  and  as  these  are 
dependent  to  a  large  extent  on  the  conditions  under 
which  a  plant  grows,  to  depict  them  truthfully  is  to 
furnish  a  record  of  ihe  plant's  history.  An  artist 
seizes  these  points  instinctively  as  the  result  of  obser- 
vation, and  very  often  without  a  thought  of  the  causes, 
physiological  and  physical,  by  which  they  are  brought 
about.  Leonarda  da  Vinci,  to  cite  only  one  illus- 
tration, felt  the  necessity  for  trained  observation,  and 


tried  in  other  seaside  places.  Even  on  some  parts  of 
the  Kentish  coast,  as  near  as  Sandgate,  it  might  be 
tried  with  advantage. 

"A  Feast  of  Carnations." — We  are  re- 
quested to  state  that  the  Provisional  Committee  of 
the  Oxford  Union  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society 
give  notice  that  they  will  layout  a  feast  ol  Carnations 
in  the  gardens  of  Mr.  DoDWELL,  The  Cottage, 
Stanley  Road,  Iffley  Road,  Oxford,  on  Tuesday 
next,  August  4.  Admission,  from  2  P.M.,  free. 
Lovers  of  the  flower  are  invited  to  partake. 

The  Dutch  Horticultural  and  Bo- 
tanical Society  of  Arnheim.— We  learn  that  a 
deputation  from  this  Society  intends  to  visit  the  hor- 
ticultural establishments  near  London  in  the  middle 
of  August.  Arrangements  have  already  been  made 
with  Messrs.  Cannell  for  this  purpose. 

Forestry. — Dr.  Cleghorn  gave  evidence 

recently  before  Sir  John  Lubbock's  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons  on  this  subject.  Having  had 
experience  in  the  establishment  of  the  Indian  forestal 


importance  of  increasing  the  home  growth  of  timber 
to  provide  against  a  possible  timber  famine.  There 
were  many  tracts  of  land  in  England  now  compara- 
tively idle  which  would  grow  timber  on  a  large  scale, 
and  give  employment  to  the  people. — Colonel  Pear- 
son, who  had  charge  of  the  Forest  School  in  India, 
was  of  opinion  that  the  scientific  training  of  students 
there  h,ad  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the  increased  revenue 
from  forests,  and  he  had  no  doubt  that  something  of 
the  same  kind  might  be  done  on  a  smaller  scale  in 
England.  Scientific  forestal  education  might  be 
given  at  King's  and  University  Colleges,  rather  than 
at  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  and  a  forestal  chair  might 
be  established  at  Edinburgh,  but  in  each  case  it 
would  be  absolutely  necessary  that  the  students 
should  be  taken  to  the  woods  to  acquire  know- 
ledge byactual  observation.  —  Mr.  Thistleton 
Dyer,  of  Kew,  was  of  opinion  that  scientific  know- 
ledge essential  to  the  successful  cultivation  of 
forests.  If  the  general  knowledge  of  skilled  foresters 
was  brought  to  bear  on  English  woodlands  im- 
mense advantage  might  be  derived.  Picked  men 
had  been  sent  from  Kew  Gardens  to  the  colonies  to 
give  directions  in  forestry,  and  these  had  generally 


146 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AUCVST    t,    1SS5. 


been  successful.  Asked  his  opinion  as  to  what  steps 
should  be  taken  with  respect  to  England,  he  consi- 
dered that  India,  where  they  had  every  advantage  for 
the  study  of  forestry,  should  be  made  the  nucleus  of 
forest  education. 

Peter   Lawson   &    Son  (Limited).— The 

directors,  in  view  of  the  approaching  annual  general 
meeting  ol  the  company,  to  be  held  in  the  registered 
office  of  the  company,  No.  I,  George  IV.  Bridge, 
Edmburgh,  on  Thursday,  August  6,  at  3  o'clock 
P.M  ,  have  issued  the  following  circular  :  — 

•■The  directors  have  to  report  to  the  shareholders 
satisfactory  results  from  the  working  of  the  company 
since  they  took  over  the  seed  business  of  the  Lawson 
Seed  and  Nursery  Company  (Limited). 

"After  paying  all  the  expenses  incurred  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  company,  allowing  for  discounts,  bad  debts, 
depreciation,  &c.,  the  accounts  show  a  clear  surplus  of 
^5880  IIJ.  iirf.  Looking  to  the  amount  at  their  dis- 
posal, the  directors,  under  ordinary  circumstances, 
would  have  felt  warranted  irt  dividing  a  much  larger 
amount,  but  considermg  the  short  time  the  company 
has  been  in  existence  they  think  it  more  judicious  to 
recommend  '.that  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent, 
per  annum,  free  of  Income  Tax,  be  declared  upon  the 
paid-up  capital  as  from  November  ir  last,  payable  on 
the  isth  proximo,  and  that  the  balance  of  ^5233  o-t.  ^d. 
be  carried  forward. 

".Ml  the  directors  now  retire  in  terms  of  the  com- 
pany's Articles  ol  Association,  but  are  eligible  for  re- 
election. 

"The  auditors  may  also  be  re-appointed. 

"]AMES  Glenn,  Chairman. 
"  Edinburgh,  July  25." 

Casimiroa  edulis.— A  Constantinople  cor- 
respondent inquires— What  is  the  most  suitable  stock 
lor  grafting  this  upon  ?  We  have  no  experience  of 
our  own  to  offer,  but  would  suggest  from  the  natural 
affinity  of  the  plant  that  some  of  the  hardier  varieties  of 
Orange  (Citrus)  might  be  tried.  We  may  remind  our 
readers,  as  the  fruit  of  this  tree  is  still  but  liitle 
known,  that  a  specimen  was  hgured  in  our  columns, 
October  13,  1S77,  fnom  the  gardens  ol  Mitchell- 
Henry,  Esq.,  M.P..  Kylemore,  Galway,  when  we 
were  enabled  to  give  cultural  details,  kindly  supplied 
by  Mr.  Garniek,  the  gardener  who  had  the  honour 
of  first  fruiting  the  tree  in  this  country. 

The  Botany  of  South  Kent.— The  fol- 
lowing letter  from  the  Lite  Rev.  Gerard  Smith,  the 
author  of  the  Plants  of  South  Kc;t,  will  be  read  with 
interest.  The  Planlago  referred  to  was  a  remarkably 
fine  specimen  of  the  prolilerous  variety  of  P.  major, 
and  the  Primrose  alluded  to  was  extremely  remarkable 
in  its  structure.  Its  history  is  this.  Some  quarter  of 
a  centuiy  ago  the  present  writer  was  shown  some 
water-colour  sketches  of  Primulas  executed  by  the 
Rev.  G.  Smith  five-andtwenty  years  previously. 
One  of  these  sketches  showed  so  extraordinary  a 
structure  that  a  tracing  was  made  of  it,  but  the 
appearances  were  so  peculiar  that  some  error  of 
observation  was  suspected,  and  hence  no  mention  was 
made  of  the  case  in  Vi^dabk  Tenifohsy.  A  few 
years  ago,  however,  in  some  specimens  sent  by  Mi-s 
DowsoN,  the  self-same  appearances  were  presented 
as  had  been  noted  in  Mr.  Smith's  drawing  so  miny 
years  previously.  Acarefulexaminalion  wasthen  made, 
and  the  results  communicated  to  the  Linnean  Society, 
and  published,  wi'.h  illustrations,  in  its  Tiamactioni. 
With  this  necessary  explanation  we  now  subjoin  Mr. 
Smith's  letter  :— 

"Your  letter  has  given  me  sincere  pleasure,  both 
because  of  the  interest  which  you  take  in  the  remarkable 
v.ariety  of  Plantago  major  of  which  Mr.  Cooling  sent 
you  a  specimen  last  autumn,  and  of  the  associations  and 
recollections  which  you  revive  so  forcibly  and  hfippily  of 
old  times  and  habits  in  South  Kent.  It  was  not  a  month 
since  1  was  speaking  with  a  friend  ol  Sandgate  and 
Selling,  and  my  days  spent  there  ;  and  to  give  him  an 
idea  how  greatly  my  zeal  for  botany  exceeded  the  pas- 
toral, I  mentioned  the  visit  of  my  vicar,  upon  his  coming 
to  SeUing  a  month  or  two  after  my  appointment  to  be 
his  curate,  at  the  house  of  a  neighbouring  farmer,  and 
receiving  for  answer  to  his  enquiry  how  he  liked  the  new 
curate,  '  Oh,  there  never  was  such  a  man  !  He'll  go  up 
to  his  waist  in  a  bog  for  a  rare  plant  ! '  The  vicar  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  good  old  steady  school,  well  read  in 
divinity,  and  a  careful  and  intelligent  preacher,  whose 
ideas  did  not  extend  far  beyond  the  duties  of  a  public 
school  and  his  well-filled  library.  When  he  returned 
from  that  visit  he  came  to  me  in  my  room  at  the  vicar- 
age, and,  looking  round  at  the  plant-press,  bundles  of 
plants,  &c.,  mingled  with  books,  and  papers,  and  ser- 


mons, he  gravely  related  Mr.  -- 's  remarks,  and  added, 
•  It  will  be  a  happy  time,  Mr.  Smith,  when  your  recrea- 
tion becomes  your  study,  and  your  study  your  recrea- 
tion !  ■  Professionally  he  was  right,  and  I  felt  it  ;  but, 
for  myself,  I  must  say  that  when  he  left  me  as  curate  in 
a  parish  of  smugglers  and  machine-breakers,  without  any 
experience,  and  as  scanty  a  preparation  for  the  ministry 
as  was  considered  sufficient  in  those  days,  he  had  little 
reason  to  complain  that  a  young  man  who  had  studied 
N.iture  from  his  childhood,  and  had  been  encouraged  by 
his  teachers,  himself  included,  in  the  love  of  Nature, 
should  often  stand  at  the  gate  of  the  vicarage,  doubtful 
whether  to  go  among  the  people  or  to  take  to  the  hills, 
and  decide  at  list  for  the  hills,  especially  when  Orchis 
fusca.  or  Pyrola  rotundifolia  was  in  bloom  ! 

"  I  thank  you  very  sincerely  for  the  copy  of  your  paper 
upon  the  morphology  of  the  Primulacece,  which  I  had 
seen  a  few  months  since,  and  had  greatly  admired.  One 
of  your  correspondents  one  day  brought  me  your  paper, 
with  other  documents— I  forget  for  what  reason.  When 
I  opened  the  paper  at  t.  39,  I  exclaimed  at  once,  '  Why, 
liere  is  the  very  sclf-same  Primula  with  its  style-bearing 
filaments  that  1  found  in  a  wood  at  Upmarden  between 
forty  and  fifty  years  ago!'  Behold,  upon  relerence  to 
the  letterpress,  1  found  that  the  figures  were  actually  a 
reproduction  of  my  own  dissections  ! 

"  Let  me  mention  a  circumstance  connected  with  those 
abnormal-fiowered  Primulas  which  may  add  to  the  notice 
of  similar  but  hidden  examples.  There  were  several 
plants  growing  near  together  in  the  wood  at  Upmarden  ; 
and  in  the  same  wood  I  found  that  whenever  the  under- 
growth was  cut  for  bakers'  '  bavins,'  plenty  of  Euphorbia 
l.ithyris  sprung  up.  All  the  plants  of  Primula  vulgaris  in 
the  state  above-mentioned  had  the  corolla  bent  inwards 
over  the  tube,  flaccid  and  paler  than  usual." 

Terra  Coti-a  Pottery.— At  the  stand  of 

Messrs.  Balfour  &  Co.,  in  the  Inventions  Exhibi- 
tion, ihere  are  some  pretty  things  in  garden  flower- 
pots, Orchid  pots  and  baskets,  &c.  The  ware  is  of 
graceful  proportions,  well  made,  and  of  porous  finely 
comminuted  clay  of  a  pale  red  colour.  The  articles 
on  view  there  are  those  that  would  find  favour  wuh 
amateurs  having  a  little  greenhouse  in  which  every- 
thing must  look  tasteful  and  nea'.  Fur  the  oidinary 
use  of  a  garden  the  better  class  ol  ware  is  too  costly, 
ard  is  not  recessary. 

Tea  from  Jamaica.— What  a  Colonial  botan- 
ist can  do  to  stimulate  flagging  industry  and  develope 
new  resources  is  well  exemplified  by  Mr.  D.  MORRis, 
the  Director  o(  the  Botanical  Department,  Jamaica. 
We  have  before  us  the  broker's  report  on  the  fir^t 
commercial  sample  of  Jamaica-grown  Tea,  sent  into 
the  market  mainly  through  the  energy  and  forethought 
of  Mr.  Morris  :— 

"  We  have  carefully  examined  the  sample  of  Tea,  and 
now  beg  to  hand  you  our  report  on  it.  The  leaf  is  very 
fairly  nude,  though  if  intended  for  our  marljjt  we  think 
it  would  be  well  if  the  slight  glazy  appearance  it  possess-,  s 
could  be  avoided.  After  infusion  the  leaf  is  bright,  indi- 
cating good  quality  and  careful  preparation  ;  while  the 
liquor  has  fair  strength  and  good  flavour,  combining  to  a 
great  extent  the  peculiar  characteristics  of  a  fine  China 
black  leaf,  and  a  Ceylon  Pekoe  .Souchong.  We  consider 
the  value  ol  the  Tea  here  to'  be  from  is.  M.  to  rs.  8,/. 
per  pound  (in  bond),  and  if  you  could  send  a  fair  sized 
parcel  no  doubt  it  would  meet  a  good  reception  from 
London  buyers.  II  at  any  time  we  can  furnish  you  with 
information,  or  assist  the  development  of  the  Tea 
industry  in  your  island,  we  shall  have  much  pleasure  in 
so  doin".  We  beg  in  the  meantime  to  be  permitted  to 
congratulate  you  upon  the  specimen  of  the  manufactured 
article  you  have  now  sent  us. 

(Signed)         "Geo.  White  &  Co." 


almost  autumnal  ;  and,  if  at  all  sheltered  from  the  glare 
of  July  and  August,  from  the  lime  when  the  ashy  bark  is 
first  draped  in  foliage,  a  constant  succession  ol  the  pink 
and  bronze-tinted  glories  of  the  young  leafage  is  kept  up 
in  our  moist  summers  till  late  in  autumn,  when  the  first 
formed  leaves  are  beginning  to  change.  Then  the  green 
loses  its  oUve-yellow  tints  lor  clear  gold,  mottled  with 
clear  grass-green,  lading  to  the  sober  palid  russet  which 
lasts  through  the  winter.  This  indescribable  hue  has  none  ' 
of  the  coppery  richness  of  the  dead  leaves  of  Beech,  nor 
the  warm  umber  of  the  Horse  Chestnut  ;  it  is  the 
grey  ghost  of  a  brown  that  has  been.  The  catkins 
appear  shortly  after  the  leaves  :  the  male  ones  pendulous, 
the  female  erect.  The  former  are  2  or  3  inches  long, 
bearing  at  intervals  stalkless  clusters  of  inconspicuous 
flowers,  each  consisting  of  a  six  or  seven-lobed  calyx  and 
ten  stamens.  The  female  flowers,  on  the  other  hand, 
are  solitary,  each  being  surrounded  by  the  numerous 
overlapping  scales,  or  'bracts,'  which  afterwards  form 
the  cup.  The  flower  itself  is  but  the  ovary  enclosed  by 
the  adherent  calyx,  divided  internally  into  three  cham- 
bers, and  surmounted  by  a  triple  style— the  miniature 
fleur-dc-lyi  on  the  sceptre  of  the  forest  king.  In  each 
chamber  there  are  two  ovules,  and  it  is  a  noteworthy 
fact  that  from  these  six  only  one  is  matured  into  the 
single  seed  that  every  acorn  contains.  .\  simikar  circum- 
stance occurring  in  the  case  of  Palms  and  of  other  trees, 
suggests  the  explanation  that  perennial  plants,  trees  more 
especially,  require  to  produce  fewer  seeds  in  order  10  en- 
sure the  permanence  of  the  species  than  do  annuals,  whose 
individual  existence  is  so  many  times  shorter." 

Ealing,  Acton,  and  Hanwell  Horti 

CULTURAL  Society. — The  financial  success  which 
attended  ihe  anniversary  exhibition  of  this  Society 
held  in  Gunnersbury  Park  on  July  7  and  8  completely 
surpassed  the  most  sanguine  expectations  of  its  pro- 
moters. The  sum  of  ^'95  was  taken  in  payment  at 
the  gates  ;  and  a  sum  of  over  £'&')  taken  by  the  sale 
of  tickets  on  the  preceding  day  ;  some  .£55  of  this 
sum  being  for  sixpenny  admissions  sold  at  fourpenco 
each.  A  very  large  body  of  subscribers  and  their 
friends,  as  well  as  exhibitors  and  their  assistants, 
were  admitted  by  special  tickets.  Notwithstanding 
that  such  a  large  body  ol  persons  passed  through  the 
grounds,  which  were  freely  thrown  open  to  the 
visitors,  Mr.  Roberts  had  not  a  single  cause  for 
complaint  ;  the  behaviour  of  the  multitude  was  most 
decorous.  The  income  of  this  Society,  which  was 
last  year  just  over  ;^500,  will  this  season  amount  to 
nearly  ^650. 

Gardening      Appointments.  —  Thomas 

Fe,\st,  Foreman  at  Oakley  Court  Gardens,  Windsor, 
as  Girdener  to  F.  M.  HuTiI,  E<q..  lienmead  House, 
Cuckfield,  Sussex.— Mr.  A.  Ryder,  Plant-Foreman, 
Kensington  Palace  Garden;,  has  been  appointed 
Gardener  to  the  Right  II  )a.  Lird  B.vi'EMiN, 
Shobden  Court. 


"Familiar  Trees. "--Messrs.  CASSELLhave 

issued  the  first  number  of  a  periodical  intended  to  le 
a  companion  to  their  Faimliar  Garden  Fhli'os.  It  is 
to  be  devoted  to  Biitish  trees,  and  opens  well  wuh  a 
well  written  account  of  the  Oak.  The  coloured 
illustrations,  if  we  may  judge  from  those  before  us, 
are  better  than  in  the  corresponding  series  devoted  to 
British  Plants  and  Garden  Flowers,  while  the  name  of 
Mr.  [BOULGF.R,  as  editor,  is  a  guarantee  that  accuracy 
of  treatment  will  be  combined  with  an  agreeable  style. 
The  subjoined  extract  may  be  given  in  illustration  :  — 

"  In  a  growing  Oak  notice  will  be  taken  of  the  out- 
ward spreading  of  the  stem  at  its  base  ;  of  the  rugged 
bark;  of  the  curiously  tortuous  branchlets,  twisting  in 
zig-zag  fashion  almost  rectangularly  towards  every  point 
of  the  compass,  owing  to  the  central  shoots  becoming 
abortive  ;  and  of  the  uniquely  waving  outline  ol  the  yel- 
lowish-green leaves.  The  leaves  generally  make  their 
first  appearance  in  the  south  of  England  towards  the  end 
of  April,  when  the  young  shoots  blush  with  a  ruddiness 


Bamuoo  — In  Burma,  as  in  most  tropical  countries, 
the   Bamboo  is  in   great  demand,    and  to  the   mass 
of  the  people   is   invaluable.     Of  Bamboo    alone    a 
complete   and   comfortable    house,    absolutely   proof 
against    the    tropical    downpour    of    rain,     can     be 
erected  in  an    incredibly    short    space    of   time.     A 
roof  made  of  large  Bamboos  split  in  half,  and  laid 
over  and  under,  like  tiles,    is  absolutely  waterproof 
The   drawback,    however,    of  Bamboo    as    a    house 
material  is  that  it  lasts  but  a  lew  years,  and  is,   of 
course,  simply  swept  away  by  fire  ;  but  to  a  native 
of   a    country    abounding    in    Bamboos,    from  which 
in   three  days  he  can   reconstruct  his  dwelling,  this 
is   a   trifle.      Oiher   everyday    uses   are   scaffolding, 
bridging,    fencing,    and    decoration  —  carts,     boat.=, 
fittings,     matting    and    domestic     utensils,     and    a 
variety    of    industrial    and   economic    purposes    too 
numerous   to  detail.     A   fine   mat   of  split    Bamboo 
forms     the    basis    of  the    exquisite    Burma    boxes, 
the    one    indusliial     specialty    of     Upper     Burma. 
The     5  0ung    shcots   of    Bamboos    are    edible,    and 
pickled  by  the    Chinese,    whilst   the    softer   wooded 
species   yield    a    highly    promising    material    for    the 
manufacture  of  paper.     Silica  is  contained  i  n  large 
quantity   in   both    the    leaves    and    stem    of     Bam- 
boos,   and  is   held    in    solution    in    the    fluid    con- 
tained in  the  growing  stems  of  many  species.     This 
fluid  is  often  limpid,  but  as  it   dries  up  it  becomes 
milky,     and     finally    deposits    a    cake    of   gelatinous 
opaline  silica  at  the  bottom  of  the  joint,  known  as 
"tabasheer,"  possessing    curious   optical    properties. 
These    little    discs   of    "tabasheer"    may   ofien   be 
picked  up  in  a  Bamboo  forest  after  the  Bamboo  which 
yielded  it  has  decayed  ;  and   when  a  Bamboo  forest 
has  been  destroyed  by  fire  these  white  calcined  discs 
form  quite  a  feature  of  the  ground.   Mason. 


August  i,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


147 


fh({   ljCi;ba([COus   l]oi;(ler^. 


CAMPAN  ULAS. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  us  the  history  of  C. 
abietina  ?  Every  visitor  we  have  admires  it,  and 
none  seem  to  have  seen  it  before.  It  grows  in 
circular  bosses  o(  dense  foliage,  and  sends  up  stems 
bearing  a  few  flowers  of  exquisite  shipe,  and  of  a 
rich  reddish-purple.  It  is  quite  unlike  any  of  our 
older  garden  Campanulas.  For  rockwork  it  is  the 
best  of  all  the  Campanulas,  as  it  continues  in  flower 
for  two  or  three  months,  whereas  C.  pulla,  C.  pumila, 
and  the  other  dwarf  growers,  have  a  very  brief  span 
for  blooming.  C.  Schotli  is  another  similar  flower, 
but  its  scapes  have  more  blooms,  and  its  foliage  is 
sparser.  An  odd  seedling  came  to  us  amongst  some 
plants  from  Ilerr  Gusmus  two  years  ago,  and  it  is  very 
like  C.  Schotti,  although  different.  All  three  remind 
me  most  of  our  rare  iJritisb  C.  palula,  which  appears 
to  me  to  be  a  hybrid,  probably  from  C.  rotundifolia  x 
rapunculus.  I  argue  in  the  same  way  that  C.  abie* 
tina  may  be  a  hybrid  or  cross  variety  from  alpine 
sorts.  We  are  just  now  having  similar  hybrids  raised 
by  British  gardeners,  such  as  G.  F.  Wdson  ;  and  Hay- 
loJgensis  [!],  raised  by  the  lateMr.  I.Anderson-Henry, 
and  C.  Tymonsii,  raised  tjy  our  excellent  friend  the 
great  Irish  florist  of  Cloghran.  There  may  be  num- 
bers more,  and  they  will  all  be  welcome.  We  have 
nearly  a  hundred  varieties  of  the  Campanula  and  its 
allies  growing  here,  and  I  see  many  cross  varieties  in 
the  grounds  this  year  from  chance  seedlings,  one 
plant  of  laiifolia  having  its  flowers  striped  blue  an'l 
white  There  are  plants  of  rapunculus  of  greater 
stature,  and  thickly  coated  with  hairs,  like  barbata, 
and  several  new  and  grand  varieties  of  persicifolia — 
one  with  pelviform  flowers,  like  that  beautiful  variety 
of  carpathica,  C.  pelviformis. 

I  1  a  recent  note  of  the  rock  garden  at  St.  Alban's 
Court  in  your  columns,  the  writer  remarked  that  it 
appeared  to  be  a  summer  rockery,  no  provision  being 
mide  for  late  blooming.  The  Campanulas  and  Di.m- 
Ihuses  fill  up  this  space  of  gardening  time  very  well, 
and  furnish  abundant  bloom  lor  a  month  or  so.  Our 
garden  never  looks  so  gay  as  when  the  Koses,  Cam- 
panulas, and  English  Irises  are  in  bloom.  I  am  gbd 
to  see  C.  Zoysii  in  flower  today.  It  is  thus  quite 
hardy,  as  it  has  been  here  now  three  years.  iV. 
Bmckbank,  Brcckhtirst.  Didsbury,  July  25. 


GARDEN    PESTS  :    HOW    TO 
PREVENT  THEM, 

Caterpillars. — It  is  necessary  in  order  to  deslrny 
these  pests,  whose  kinds  are  legion,  that  every  chrysalis 
found  under  the  copings  of  garden  walls  and  in  the 
crevices  on  gates,  window?,  palings,  doors,  &c.,  be 
carefully  picked  ofT  during  the  winter  and  spring 
months. 

The  best  method  of  preventing  trees,  especially  the 
Apricot  {to  which  they  are  very  partialj  from  being 
infested  by  the  Lepidoptera  (moths  or  butterQies) 
which  lay  their  eggs  on  the  bark,  is  to  scrape  the 
stems  wiih  a  smooth  piece  of  bone  or  wood,  made  in 
the  form  of  a  knife.  Steel  would  hurt  the  bark  and 
consequently  injure  the  tree. 

When  the  stems  have  been  carefully  gone  over  wash 
them  with  an  equal  quantity  of  of  soap-suds  and  liquid- 
manure.  Should  the  trees  be  planted  against  a  wall 
wash  that  over  with  the  same  mixture,  for  many  moths 
and  butterflies  deposit  their  eggs  on  the  walls  to  which 
those  trees  whose  foliage  their  larva  most  afiect  are 
trained. 

Directly  winter  has  laid  the  trees  bare  insects  vanish, 
but  immediately  foliage  appears  in  spring,  caterpillars, 
some  of  whom  have  but  just  emerged  from  the  eggs 
laid  by  the  perfect  insect  at  an  earlier  period,  and 
some  who  have  passed  through  their  winter  in  this 
state,  are  sten  devouring  on  all  sides  every  bit  of  green 
they  can  find,  often  leaving  the  tree  quite  naked  ;  so 
in  autumn,  as  soon  as  the  leaves  begin  to  fall,  it  is 
well  to  rake  up  and  sweep  away  all  litter  into  a  refuse 
heap  and  immedialely  set  fire  to  it. 

Some  people  mix  up  decayed  foliage  with  manure 
and  save  it  for  hot-beds;  they  say  that  this  process 
destroys  any  eggs  that  may  remain  on  the  underside 
of  the  leaves,  but  I  prefer  burning  them.  Ova, 
chrysalids,  &c.,  may  survive  the  one,  but  cremation 
must  certainly  destroy  all  vitality.     In  washing  the 


stems  some  of  the  mixture  fills  on  the  beds  under- 
neath the  trees,  and  that  destroys  the  slugs.  I  allude 
now  to  the  secmd  wastiing,  which  should  take  place 
in  the  spiing,  btfore  the  buds  begin  to  swell,  (ur  it 
will  not  do  to  wash  or  water  with  this  mixture  after 
the  trees  come  into  bloom. 

When  there  are  any  caterpillars  on  the  leaves  it  is 
easy  to  discover  them  by  the  cuilingup  of  the  foliage  ; 
every  curled  leaf  will  be  found  to  contain  one  or  more 
specimens. 

There  are  some  gregatit  ui  sorts  which  make  a 
sort  of  cobweb  net  or  bag,  fixing  it  on  to  a  branch 
of  a  tree.  The  Procession  caterpillar,  so  often  fuund 
on  the  Oak,  is  one  of  this  kind^  It  is  the  produce 
of  the  Bombyx  processionis.  It  is  very  amusing  to 
see  these  Citerpillars  come  out  of  their  nests  ot  an 
evening  in  single  file  ;  they  form  'one  continuous 
string,  the  head  of  the  secv^nd  caterpillar  just  touching 
the  tail  of  the  first,  and  affer  the  single  file  becomes 
about  2  feet  long  they  double  ii,  two  march  abreast  : 
after  a  little  while  three,  uniil  in  a  short  time  perhaps 
a^  many  as  eight  will  come  all  in  a  row,  and  one 
can  easily  imagine  the  ravages  they  commit  on  the 
trees  they  feed  upon  wiih  their  sharp  culling 
mandibles. 

It  is  said  that  each  plant  has  its  very  own  peculiar 
species  of  caterpillar,  but  I  think  that  a  great  many 
of  [hem  show  a  considerable  predilection  for  Cabbages, 
although  there  is,  of  course,  the  caterpillar  of  the 
Cabbage  butterfiy  (Pieris  Erassicce),  which,  fastening 
i  selt  by  means  of  thin  threads  to  a  leaf,  transforms 
iiself  into  a  chrysalis. 

Other  caterpillars  make  slight  cocoons  by  gather- 
ing two  or  three  leaves  into  a  ball  in  order  to  pro- 
tect themselves  from  observation.  Some  strengthen 
iheir  cocoons  by  adding  earth  and  various  substances, 
while  some,  so  Reaumur  relates,  actually  tear  the 
hair  with  which  they  are  covered  ofT  their  bodies  in 
order  to  construct  their  cocoon. 

One  might  fill  pages  with  ihe  description  of  the 
various  transformations  and  habits  of  the  different 
ca'erpillars  found  even  in  our  own  country,  but  as 
ihia  notice  is  more  especially  intended  to  point  out 
ihe  best  way  of  destroying  the  insect  pesls  of  our 
gardens  I  shall  not  make  any  more  entomological 
remarks.  Helat  IVatney. 


FRUIT  CROPS  OF  NOVA 
SCOTIA. 
II  M.il' AX. —  Although  a  great  extent  of  the  |  ro- 
\ince  of  Nova  Scotia,  includint;  Cape  Breton  lil.ind, 
is  well  adapted  for  the  production  of  Apples,  Tears, 
Plums,  Cherries,  and  other  hardy  fruits,  yet  the  prin- 
cipal orchards  are  found  in  the  counties  of  King's  and 
Annapolis,  in  the  districts  known  as  Cornwallis  aid 
the  Annapolis  valley.  Fruit  culture  is  slowly  spread- 
ing to  the  other  counties,  and  Cape  Breton  is  already 
noiid  fjr  its  Plums,  which  lind  a  isady  market  in  the 
Uni'cd  States,  where  Plum  culture  is  very  precaii(.)u-, 
owing  to  the  prevalence  of  the  Curculio.  The  IPin. 
George  Whinnan,  of  Koundhill,  Annapolis,  repons 
that  in  his  district  the  late  frost  in  June  did  much 
damage  to  fruit,  especially  to  Plums  and  Pears,  and 
that  the  oniinued  d'y  weather  in  June  has  so  injund 
the  crops  in  light  soUs,  that  the  )ield  of  Apples  will 
be  far  short  of  an  average.  Colonel  W.  E.  Starratt 
reports  from  the  town  of  Paradise  (another  fruit  centre 
in  Annapolis  county)  in  similar  terms,  and  says  that 
the  Apple  crop  this  year  will  be  much  below  an 
average  one.  The  Nonpareil,  "the  King  of  Apples, " 
as  a  long-keeper,  will  prove  this  year  a  failure. 
The  reports  from  King's  County  are  more  hopeful. 
Mr.  R.  VV.  Starr,  writing  from  Cornwallis,  says  that 
fruit,  which  is  fast  becoming  the  great  staple  in  that 
district,  will  prove  a  full  average  crop.  Pears  are 
hardly  up  to  the  average,  but  Apples  will  give  a  fair 
crop  for  most  sorts.  Baldwins  will  be  short,  as  it  is 
not  their  bearing  year  (many  varieties  bear  a  full  crop 
only  in  alternate  years)  ;  but  most  of  the  other  sorts 
are  looking  as  well  as  could  be  expected  after  the 
heavy  crops  of  last  year.  Mr.  C.  F.  Eaton,  on  the 
other  hand,  writing  from  another  part  of  the  same 
district,  says  that  there  will  probably  not  be  an 
average  crop  of  Apples,  although  some  orchards  look 
well.  Pears  and  Plums  are  only  medium,  perhaps 
below  an  average  in  quan'ily  ;  Cherries  plentiful  ; 
Strawberries  abundant  and  very  fine,  as  they  are  all 
over  the  province,  wherever  cuhivated.  The  wild 
Strawberries,  which  form  an  important  article  of 
commerce,  being  used  extensively  for  preserving,  were 


a  short  crop  this  year  in  consequence  of  the  great 
drought  at  their  ripening  season  in  the  latter  part 
of  June.  In  Varmouth  County,  on  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board, at  the  mouih  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  Mr.  C.  E. 
Browne  reports  that  the  fruit  crop  promises  to  be  a 
large  one,  with  favourable  prospective  conditions  ;  it 
finds  a  home  market.  Small  fruits  are  doing  wel', 
except  Raspberries,  Ihe  canes  of  which,  in  most  in- 
stances, were  winterkilled  as  to  the  buds,  the  canes 
remaining  green;  prolonged  growth  during  mild 
weather,  in  the  Fall,  and  consequent  partially  ripened 
bads,  may  explain  this. 

From  the  Fundy  shore  districts,  where  Cherries 
specialty  thrive,  the  crop  is  reported  better  than  last 
year.  The  weather  during  the  present  month  (Jul) ) 
has  been  as  favourable  as  could  be  desired  for  all 
crops  in  this  province  ;  the  hay  crop,  which  is  our 
most  important  one,  has  profited  by  the  warm  wea- 
ther and  frequent  rains,  and  yet  the  weather  is  dry 
enough  to  promote  the  healihy  growth  of  the  Potato, 
Indian  Corn,  Squashes,  and  Cucumbers,  Tomatos, 
and  other  crops  requiring  heat.  Garden  crops  are 
exceedingly  luxuriant.  Early  Peas  have  come  into 
use  during  the  past  week.  The  Halifax  market  is 
abundantly  supplied  wiih  early  Turnips,  Spinach, 
salads,  Carrots,  and  even  Cauliflowers,  and  many 
other  vegetables.  The  abundant  supplies  of  fruit 
(Vaccinium)  from  the  "  Blueberry  barrens  "  is  nearly 
ready;  the  Huckleberry  (Guylussacia),  which  isev^n 
more  abundant  and  cheaper  in  price,  comes  later  in 
the  season.  George  Lawson,  i^ccretury  for  Agriiul- 
litre,  Government  of  Nova  Scotia  Office, 

POKT  William.  —  On  the  whole  we  shall,  I 
think,  have  a  fair  crop,  perhaps  under  an  average, 
but  there  are  so  many  young  orchards  just  beginning 
to  fruit  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to  judge  by  any  pre- 
vious season  as  these  young  orchards  make  up  very 
largely  for  any  deficiency  in  the  older  plantations. 
We  purpose  making  an  exhibit  of  Apples  at  the 
Crystal  Palace,  London,  on  Nov.  6,  when  we  hope 
our  fruit  will  show  to  better  advantage  than  last  year, 
when  much  of  it  had  to  be  picked  a  month  too  early. 
I  note  what  you  say  about  our  fruit  suffering  from 
bad  packing.  C.  K.  H.  Slarr,  Sec,  N.  S.  Fruit 
Growers^  Association  and  International  Show  Society 
of  A'ovi  Scotia. 


CISTUS. 

Three  mild  winters  in  succession  have  enabled  us 
to  bring  into  culliva'Jon  here  a  c:insiderable  number 
of  the  genus  Cistus,  though  hardly  one  of  them  can 
be  called  iruly  hardy  in  the  soil  and  climate  ot  this 
part  of  Cheshire.  During  a  recent  visit  to  Kew  I  was 
able  to  correct  and  verify  the  names  of  most  of  them 
— about  which  both  in  nurseries  and  in  private  gardens 
there  is  often  much  confusion.  The  best  way  to  grow 
Cistus  in  a  doubtful  climate  is  to  take  cuttings  every 
summer,  which  may  be  potted  as  soon  as  struck  and 
kept  in  cold  frames  during  winter.  Some  fast  growing 
kinds  flower  pretty  well  the  first  year  if  planted  out 
the  following  spring,  but  they  do  better  if  kept  in  pols 
through  two  winters  and  planted  out  the  second  spring. 
I(  this  treatment  is  followed  there  is  no  fear  of  any 
kind  being  lost,  as  all  strike  easily  and  winter  well  in 
cold  frames.  They  are  natives  of  Southern  Europe, 
Northern  Africa,  and  the  Levant,  and  the  number  of 
good  species  is  stated  in  the  Genera  rianlarum  to  be 
about  twenty.  Sweet  in  his  monograph  of  the  Cis- 
tinece,  published  in  1S30,  figures  and  enumerates 
thiriy-four,  but  several  of  these  are  hybrids  or  varieties. 
0;hers  are  now  referred  to  Helianthemum.  The 
following  are  twelve  of  the  best  which  we  have  in  cul- 
tivation :  — 

Cistus  ladanifcrns^  having  large  white  flowers  4 
inches  across,  spotted  at  the  centre  with  purple,  is  the 
stronger  grower  and  one  of  the  hardiest.  In  warm 
gardens  it  grows  into  a  large  bu;h,  living  many  year;, 
but  plants  of  three  or  four  years  old  flower  belter.  It  is 
almost  too  coarse  a  plant  for  the  pot  treatment  re- 
commended above.  There  is  a  variety  with  pure  while 
flowers. 

C.  laurifolius .—'X)x\%  is  another  coarse  growing 
kind,  bearing  white  flowers  nearly  3  inches  across, 
and  is  one  of  the  hardiest.  I  lately  saw  it  in  the  pi'  k 
at  Dropmore  in  Buckinghamshire  growing  mixtd  up 
with  Dog  Rose  and  o;her  wild  shrubs  to  a  height  cf 
8  feet  or  more,  but  it  looks  better  when  a  low,  bu^hy 
habit  is  kept  by  pruning. 

C.  citpanianiis. — Th's  is  Sweet's  name  for  one  of 
the  best  of  the  white-flowered  Cistuses,  but  the  nams 


148 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  i,  i8 


is  unknown  at  Kew,  though  I  saw  cuttings  of  the 
plant  labelled  C.  cordifolius.  Cupanianus  is  given  in 
Nyman's  Conspectus  as  a  synonym  of  C.  villosus,  a 
very  different  plant  from  this,  having  pink  flowers. 
This  plant  is  often  seen  in  gardens  wrongly  named 
C.  florentinus,  from  which  it  is  easily  distinguished  by 
its  heart-shaped  and  long-stalked  leaves.  It  has  a 
good  dwarf,  compact  habit,  and  flowers  abundantly 
in  June. 

C.  hirsii/iis. — Another  very  good  plant,  of  neat, 
bushy,  almost  procumbent  habit,  with  white  flowers 
similar  to  those  of  the  last  species.  The  leaves  are 
narrow,  long,  almost  sessile,  and  a  good  deal  crimped 
at  the  side,  and  very  rough. 

C.  florentinus  is  set  down  in  Nyman's  C«:j/«i'»i 
as  a  variety  or  hybrid  of  C.  monspeliensis.  The  true 
variety  may  be  seen  at  Kew,  whence  I  had  it ;  it  is 
there  considered  to  be  a  variety  of  C.  hirsutus.  The 
plant  is  not  so  common  in  gardens  as  the  name.  It 
is  more  upright  in  growth  than  the  type  C. 
hirsutus,  and  har  rather  smaller  flowers  and 
narrower  leaves.  It  comes  very  near  in  appear- 
ance to  C.  monspeliensis,  a  species  with  still 
narrower  leaves,  smaller  flowers,  and  more  slender 
and  upright  growth. 

C.  taurieus. — This  I  had  from  Kew,  and  identify  it 
with  Sweet's  C.  oblongifolius.  I  saw  a  plant  of  it 
grown  in  Mr.  Loder's  rock  garden  at  Floore.  If 
really  a  Tauric  plant  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  why  it  is 
omitted  by  Boissier  from  his  Flora  Orientalis^  which 
includes  all  the  plants  of  Asia  Minor.  It  has  white 
flowers,  and  rather  coarse  oblong  leaves,  and  is  said 
to  be  one  of  the  hardiest. 

C.  purpuretis. — A  very  showy  kind,  flowering 
freely  the  first  year  from  cuttings  ;  the  flowers  are 
very  large,  good  pink-purple,  with  a  dark  spot  at  the 
base  of  each  petal.  Leaves  rather  large,  narrow, 
oblong,  nearly  sessile,  with  an  amplexicaul  stalk  ;  one 
of  the  best.  Its  natural  history  is  obscure.  Nyman 
does  not  enumerate  it  in  European  plants,  and  Bois- 
sier, though  including  it  as  Asiatic,  says  he  does  not 
know  its  habitat.  De  Candolle  says  it  comes  from 
the  Levant  ;  it  is  probably  Cretan. 

C  salviecjohus^  which  ought  to  include,  according 
to  Boissier,  Sweet's  obtusifolius,  either  as  a  hybrid  or 
a  variety.  Both  are  good  free-flowering  kinds,  with 
white  flowers,  and  both  tolerably  common  in  gardens, 
forming  larger  bushes  than  those  with  similar  flowers 
mentioned  above. 

C.  Cyprius, — There  is  some  confusion  in  Sweet 
between  this  and  C.  ladaniferus.  He  says  that  the 
C.  ladaniferus  of  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  II2,  is  C.  Cyprius,  as 
three  buds  are  there  shown  in  a  bunch,  the  flowers  of 
C.  ladaniferus  being  solitary.  In  other  respects, 
however,  the  figure  in  the  Bol.  Ma^.  is  nearer  ladani- 
ferus. In  cultivation  and  real  life^the  two  plants  are 
widely  distinct,  C.  Cyprius  being  of  very  spreading, 
dense,  and  almost  prostrate  habit,  flowering  far  more 
freely  than  a  bush  of  C.  ladaeiferus  of  the  same 
dimensions.  The  flowers  of  C.  Cyprius  are  rather 
smaller,  and  open  more  flat,  and  the  purple  spot  at 
ths  base  of  the  petals  is  not  so  large  as  in  ladaniferus. 
Cyprius  is,  for  garden  decoration,  a  very  superior 
plant  to  the  other.  Of  pink-flowered  Cistuses  three 
may  be  mentioned  as  common  in  cultivation. 

C.  erispus  is  the  best,  with  flowers  of  clear  bright 
pink,  having  by  far  the  best  colour  of  this  class.  The 
leaves  are  much  crimped  and  glaucous.  It  grows  into 
a  well  formed,  much  spreading  bush  about  2  feet  high, 
and  the  flowering  period  continues  for  more  than  two 
months.  It  is  a  native  of  Portugal,  and  one  of  the 
hardiest. 

C.  albidus. — Distinguished  easily  from  the  last  by 
its  larger  flowers  of  pale  pink,  its  more  glaucous  and 
longer  leaves,  and  its  more  straggling  and  upright 
■  growth,  and  from  the  next  as  easily  by  the  colour  of 
its  leaves  and  its  pointed  buds.  It  is  a  fine  variety 
where  conditions  are  suitable,  but  it  seems  even  more 
impatient  of  damp  than  most  of  the  Cistuses,  and  is 
apt  to  become  straggling  and  untidy. 

C.  villosus. — Leaves  almost  roundly  ovate,  rather 
blunt,  nearly  as  broad  as  long.  Sepals  recurved  at 
the  tips  before  flowering,  covered  with  conspicuous 
hairs,  as  are  also  the  leaves  and  young  stalks.  A 
species  common  in  cultivation,  varying  a  good  deal 
in  the  shade  of  colour  of  the  flower. 

There  are  two  plants  with  handsome  bright  yellow 
flowers  and  a  black  spot  near  the  base  of  each  petal 
common  in  gardens,  and  very  ornamental  but  tender. 
They  are  generally  known  as 

C.  formosus,  with  rather  broad  leaves  and  larger 
flowers.     I  lately  saw  this  at  Mr.  Wbittaker's  nur- 


sery, Breadsall,  growing  9  feet  high  against  a  wall, 
and  flowering  profusely, 

C.  algarvensis,  with  narrower  leaves  and  smaller 
flowers. 

Both  require  a  warm  sunny  situation,  and  are  liable 
to  be  lost  in  hard  winters  ;  but  the  plant  at  Breadsall 
is  eight  or  ten  years  old,  and  has  endured  a  tempera- 
ture of  nearly  zero,  with  the  protection  of  the  wall. 
These  two  are  now  referred  to  the  genus  Helianthe- 
mum.   C.   Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall. 


]a\\^i%'    mm\n. 


THE    AURICULA. 


FUNGUS      POISONOUS      TO 
PHEASANTS. 

During  the  past  fortnight  I  have  received  better 
materials  for  the  identification  of  the  fungus  fatally 
poisonous  to  pheasants  from  Mr.  Mills,  who  also 
informs  me  that  another  case  of  poisoning  has 
occurred,  and  that  pieces  of  the  fungus  have  been 
again  found  in  the  dead  bird's  crop,  A  similar  case 
has  also  been  reported  from  the  Scilly  Isles. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  31)  of  the 
fungus  is  engraved,  natural  size,  from  a  living  example 
forwarded  direct  from  Enys  by  Mr.  Mills.  A  section 
is  seen  on  the  right ;  a  cystidium  is  enlarged  400 
diameters,  and  the  distinctly  nodular  brown  spores 
are  enlarged  Soo  diameters.  The  fungus  is  brown  all 
over. 

The  Agaric  bears  a  very  strong  resemblance  to  a 
small  example  of  Agaricus  (Inocybe)  rimosus.  Bull, 
and  to  this  plant  the  fungus  might  be  doubtfully 
referred.  It,  however,  differs  in  having  nodular 
spores,  the  spores  in  A,  rimosus.  Bull,  being,  accord- 
ing to  my  observations,  oval  and  plain.  It  is,  however, 


remarkable  that  some  drawings  made  by  Mrs.  Rus- 
sell, purporting  to  represent  A.  rimosus.  Bull,  in  the 
Botanical  Department  of  the  British  Museum,  South 
Kensington,  show  A.  rimosus.  Bull,  with  nodular 
spores,  exactly  in  the  style  of  the  illustration  here 
given. 

I  consider  the  poisonous  fungus  to  be  an  ally  of  the 
above,  viz.,  the  Agaricus  (Inocybe)  trechisporus  of 
Berkeley,  although  the  engraving  does  not  exactly 
correspond  with  the  original  illustration  published 
by  Mr.  Berkeley  himself  in  the  Outlines  of  British 
Fuii£ology.  A  drawing  of  this  latter  species  by  Mrs. 
Russell  in  the  British  Museum,  however,  closely 
corresponds  with  the  engraving.  Fungologists  will 
notice  how  close  is  the  resemblance  of  our  poisonous 
plant  to  Agaricus  (Inocybe)  scaber,  Miill. 

A  highly  poisonous  ally  of  the  plant  before  us  has 
long  been  known  in  Agaricus  fastibilis,  Fr. 

In  originally  attempting  to  determine  this  plant 
from  the  remains  found  in  the  birds'  crops  I  was  led 
astray  by  the  form  of  the  spores  and  large  cystidia  in 
considering  it  to  be  an  Entoloma  instead  of  an 
Inocybe.  There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the 
poisonous  plant  is  a  true  Inocybe,  and  one  of  the 
very  limited  set  with  a  longitudinally  cracked  pileus 
and  nodular  spores. 

The  fungus  was  found  growing  at  Enys  amongst 
the  grass  on  the  lawn  ;  the  lawn  extends  over  thirty- 
five  acres,  and  there  are  many  and  various  trees  upon 
it.    IV.  G.  Smith. 


Show  Fixtures.  —  Northampton  Horticultural 
Society,  August  3  ;  Matlock  Horticultural,  August  8  ; 
Sutton  and  Cheam  Horticultural,  August  12  ;  Wells 
Horticultural,  August  20  ;  Shropshire  Horticultural, 
August  19  and  20  ;  Handsworth  and  Sheffield  Hor- 
t  icultural,  August  26, 


About  the  end  of  July  is  an  important  period  in 
the  life  of  an  Auricula.  At  that  time  they  have  passed 
through  the  summer's  rest  and  are  starting  into  active 
growth.  The  two  seasons  of  rest  are  not  noticed  by 
all  cultivators,  and  thus  the  plants  do  not  get  the 
treatment  best  suited  to  their  needs.  Midwinter  is 
well  known  to  be  the  season  of  rest  before  the  plants 
awake  into  active  and  vigorous  spring  growth.  Mid- 
summer is  also  a  period  of  rest,  during  which  the 
plants  must  not  receive  much  water,  and  be  kept  as 
cool  as  possible,  freely  exposed  to  the  air  by  night  and 
by  day.  It  is  by  judicious  management  at  this 
season  that  the  plants  are  cultivated  so  as  to  make 
their  growth  without  at  the  same  time  producing  any 
flower  trusses.  Some  growers  are  much  more  suc- 
cessful in  this  respect  than  others,  and  none  more  so 
than  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner.  He  seldom  has  more 
than  five  per  cent,  of  his  plants  running  up  to  bloom 
in  autumn,  we  seldom  have  less  than  twenty  per 
cent.  I  know  Mr.  Horner's  treatment  very  well,  and 
have  followed  it  closely,  but  not  with  the  same 
results,  and  can  only  account  for  the  difTerence  in 
climate,  ours  being  hotter  and  drier.  Finish  off  all 
prtting  as  speedily  as  possible,  ours  would  have  been 
done  before  this  but  for  a  pressure  of  other  work. 
The  potting  time  affords  an  excellent  opportunity  to 
remove  all  offsets  having  a  portion  of  roots  attached 
to  them,  they  are  now  clustering  thickly  round  the 
neck  of  the  plants.  They  should  be  potted  into  very 
small  thumb-pots,  singly  or  two  together.  I  find  they 
form  roots,  and  succeed  better  in  these  tiny  pots  than 
they  do  in  small  6o's.  Pot  on  the  seedlings  as  they 
require  it,  and  also  the  offsets  propagated  in  the 
spring. 

The  Carnation  and  Picotee. 
By  the  time  this  appears  in  print  the  plants  ought 
to  be  layered.  The  details  of  this  operation  have  been 
so  often  described,  that  no  more  need  be  said  about 
them.  Hybridising  the  flowers  to  obtain  seeds  should  be 
continued  all  the  time  the  plants  are  in  flower.  Those 
who  have  not  had  much  experience  in  seedling  raising 
— who  have  not  perhaps  traced  the  progress  of  the  seed 
into  a  tiny  plant,  and  watched  it  up  to  the  flowering 
stage — may  think  perhaps  that  seeds  from  a  scarlet 
bizarre,  or  from  a  rose-flake,  ought  to  produce  dupli- 
cates of  their  parents  with  but  slight  variations  : 
they  would  open  their  eyes  with  astonishment  at  the 
medley  of  form  and  colour  produced  from  even  one 
seed-pod — sclfs  of  various  colours,  flakes,  bizarres, 
single,  semi-double,  and  double  in  endless  variety  not 
one  alike.  The  profusion  of  flowers  produced  and  the 
vigour  of  the  plants  cannot  fail  to  please  those 
who  admire  sweetness,  and  an  interminable  variety 
of  beautiful  forms.  I  write  this  with  a  bed  contain- 
ing tens  of  thousands  of  beautiful  flowers  and  buds 
before  me.  The  seedlings  intended  to  flower  next 
year  have  not  long  been  planted  out  ;  it  is  best  to 
plant  them  where  they  are  to  flower  early  in  June, 
the  plants  will  then  form  good  strong  specimens 
which  will  produce  an  average  of  fifty  flowers  the 
following  season.  Some  persons  say  the  flowers 
ought  to  be  opened  on  cards,  and  in  the  gardens  of 
the  genuine  old  florists  each  remarkable  specimen 
has  its  background  of  white  card-board.  We  never 
have  a  card  on  any  of  our  flowers  except  when  they 
are  prepared  for  exhibition. 

Hollyhocks. 
Although  the  season  has  been  very  favourable  to 
the  development  of  the  troublesome  fungus,  [?]  there  is 
not  yet  any  trace  of  it  on  our  plants  growing  all  over 
the  garden.  The  plants  are  just  now  coming  into 
bloom,  and  if  we  could  supply  them  liberally  with 
manure-water,  the  flowers  would  be  of  very  large  size. 
The  whole  of  the  plants  have  been  out-of-doors  all 
through  the  winter.  It  is  now  a  good  time  to  propa- 
gate plants  from  eyes.  The  side  growths  have  usually 
two  or  three  eyes  near  the  base,  these  must  be  cut 
out  in  the  same  way  as  Vine  eyes,  the  leaf  cut  off, 
leaving  the  stalk.  They  will  soon  produce  roots  in  a 
frame;  a  very  little  bottom-heat  stimulates  root-action, 
but  they  will  produce  roots  in  cold  frames,  if  the 
small  pots  are  plunged  in  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  Re- 
move the  blooms  as  soon  as  they  decay,  and  also  the 
seed-pods,  if  seeds  are  not  wanted. 


August  i,  1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


149 


The  Pansy. 
This  dry  hot  weather  is  very  trying  to  the  Pansy. 
The  plants  must  be  freely  watered,  and  even  then 
many  of  them  will  die  off.  Green-fly  is  also  very 
abundant,  which  cripples  the  plants  and  prevents 
their  blooming.  A  reddish  species,  small  in 
size  and  peculiar  to  the  Pansy,  clusters  thickly  round 
the  points  of  the  young  shoots  and  stops  their  developr 
ment.  The  tight  thing  to  do,  as  soon  as  dry  hot 
weather  sets  in,  is  to  take  cuttings  from  the  whole  of 
the  plants,  dip  them  in  soft-soapy  water,  and  plant 
them  in  a  shady  place,  using  light  sandy  loam.  Many 
of  the  old  plants  will  die  oft' suddenly,  and  they  would 
be  lost  but  for  this  precaution  of  taking  cuttings.  It 
is  now  a  good  time  to  sow  seeds,  they  will  produce 
strong  vigorous  plants  before  the  winter.  A  bed  of 
seedling  Pansies  is  a  very  beautiful  object  in  any 
garden,  and  they  stand  the  hot  weather  much  better 
than  the  choice  named  varieties  propagated  by  cuttings. 
The  principal  points  in  their  culture  are  a  rich  deep 
soil  to  grow  in,  abundant  supplies  of  water  as  soon 
as  hot  weather  sets  in,  and  keeping  the  leaves  free 
from  insect  pests. 

Ranunculi  and  Tulips. 
The  roots  of  these  have  been  taken  up  and 
stored  for  the  season.  Both  of'  them  flowered  beauti- 
fully this  year,  and  without  any  special  preparation  of 
the  ground,  except  in  the  case  of  the  Ranunculi,  a 
few  inches  of  fine  peat  (the  sittings  from  the  Orchid 
pottings)  was  laid  on  the  surface,  a  little  of  the  ordi- 
nary garden  soil  was  stirred  up  with  it,  and  so  well 
have  they  grown,  that  the  stock  of  roots  is  increased 
fourfold.  If  the  ground  intended  to  be  planted  with 
Tulips  can  be  trenched  and  manured  now,  it  would 
be  well  to  do  so  ;  the  exposure  to  heat  and  rain  alter- 
nately brings  the  ground  into  capital  condition  for 
planting  in  November.  J,  Dotis^las. 


DISEASE    OF    BULBS. 

Gumming  of  Roman  Hyacinths. — Sometimes 
Roman  Hyacinths,  although  imported  to  this  country 
in  an  apparently  sound  and  healthy  condition, 
deteriorate  and  perish  by  gumming  before  the  time 
of  planting  arrives.  If  the  unsound  examples  are 
planted  they  perish  in  the  ground,  or  if  they  are 
only  slightly  affected  they  do  not  flower.  The  dis- 
eased bulbs  exhibit  an  exudation  of  gum,  generally  at 
the  crown,  or,  more  rarely,  at  the  sides  ;  in  bad 
examples  they  swell  and  soften,  gum  bursts  through 
the  entire  surface,  and  the  bulbs  at  length  putrefy. 
The  external  aspect  of  a  slightly  affected  bulb  is 
shown  in  fig.  32,  and  a  section  in  fig.  33.  The 
gum  generally  forms  a  kind  of  seal  at  the  crown, 
through  which  the  flowering  shoot  within  (even  if 
sound)  cannot  penetrate.  As  will  be  seen  in  the 
sectional  drawing,  the  gum  is  produced  in  the  heart 
and  between  the  scales.  On  a  microscopical  examina- 
tion of  the  soft  thick  gum  it  is  found  to  be  thickly 
traversed  by  the  mycelium  of  one  of  the  blue  mould 
fungi,  Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.  The  gum  when 
removed  from  the  bulbs  and  placed  under  favourable 
conditions  for  growth  generally  produces  the  fruiting 
condition  of  this  fungus  from  the  mycelium  within. 
The  Penicillium,  it  is  supposed,  cannot  set  up  decay 
in  perfectly  sound  substances,  but  it  doubtlessly 
greatly  accelerates  decay  when  it  once  alights  on 
any  slightly  bruised  or  unhealthy  surface.  It  is  also 
certain,  as  we  have  proved  by  experiment,  that  the 
gumming  increases  in  the  bulbs  as  the  fungus  extends 
n  growth.  It  appears,  then,  probable  that  the  Peni- 
cillium spores  are  imported  with  and  inside  the  bulbs, 
and  that  if  the  bulbs  receive  any  slight  bruises 
or  other  injuries,  in  packing  or  transit,  gumming 
is  started  ;  the  gum  is  a  pabulum  exactly  suited  to 
the  fungus,  and  the  Penicillium  spores  germinate 
and  grow  in  this  material.  The  gum,  with  its 
contained  growing  fungus,  by  irritation  increases 
the  gumming.  The  gum,  with  its  fungus,  is  probably 
capable  of  setting  up  gumming  in  other  bulbs  by 
contact.  Every  bulb,  therefore,  which  shows  the 
slightest  trace  of  gumming  should  be  removed  and 
burnt,  for  it  is  probable  that  by  the  exuded  gum 
the  disease  is  extended  from  one  bulb  to  another  in 
collections. 

Nurserymen  and  gardeners  often  complain  of  Lily 
bulbs,  especially  imported  bulbs  of  Lilium  auratum, 
becoming  rotten.  The  damage  is  caused  by  slight 
injuries  to  the  scales  received  in  the  process  of 
packing  in  Japan,  and  perhaps  sometimes  from  the 


bulbs  being  lifted  whilst  immature  and  packed  whilst 
in  a  damp  state  and  before  the  bulbs  have  sufficiently 
parted,  by  drying,  from  their  superabundant  moisture. 
The  Penicillium,  which  is  present  everywhere,  can- 
not, in  the  first  instance,  cause  disease,  it  lives  on  the 
juices  of  the  bulbs  which  have  been  set  free  by  break- 
ing and  bruising.  The  fungus,  however,  acquires 
greater  potency  over  the  bulbs  when  it  has  once  fixed 
on  the  exuded  juices,  and  then  it  has  the  power  of 
rapidly  extending  in  size  the  originally  damaged  parts. 
In  examples  of  this  class  the  outer  fleshy  scales  of 
the  bulbs  are  soft,  and  on  a  microscopic  examination 


Fig.     32. — GUMMING   OF     ROMAN 


:    EXTERNAL 


they  are  found  to  be  permeated  by  the  mycelium  of 
the  fungus  above  mentioned,  viz.,  Penicillium  crus- 
taceum, Fr.  The  fungus  can  almost  invariably  be 
traced  to  injured  places  or  bruises. 

In  bad  cases  cure  is  hopeless,  as  the  heart  of  the 
bulb  is  perished  ;  in  slight  ca^es  dryness  and  dry  heat 
will  have  a  tendency  to  stop  the  growth  of  the  fungus 
and  arrest  the  rot.  The  decayed  parts  should  be 
carefully  cut  away  with  a  sharp,  clean  knife,  and  the 
cut  surfaces  dusted  with  powdered  charcoal,  or 
powdered  lime.  In  no  cases  should  the  bulbs  be 
planted  in  humid  soil  till  the  cut  places  have  com- 
pletely healed.     In  slight  cases  immersion  in  a  one 


per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid  would  probably 
destroy  the  fungus  growths :  the  water  containing  the 
acid  should  be  allowed  to  quickly  drain  away  from 
the  bulbs  in  a  dry  place.  The  bulbs  should  be  quite 
dry  at  the  time  of  planting,  and  the  pots  or  beds  in 
which  the  Lilies  are  grown  should  be  thoroughly  well 
drained. 

In  an  early  number  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle 
we  shall  fully  illustrate  and  describe  Penicillium 
crustaceum,  Fr.,  together  with  Aspergillus  and 
Mucor,  fungi  which  play  most  important  parts  in 
the  decay  of  fruit,  c&c. 

Mr.  Albert  Michael  reports  that  gumming  in  bulbs 
is  in  the  first  instance  caused  by  the  attack  of  an 
Acarus  or  mite  named  Rhizoglyphus  Robini  (gen.  of 
Tyroglyphidasa).  This  Acarus  is  supposed  by  some 
observers  to  be  a  parasite  on  a  Phylloxera,  but  the 


idea  is  not  supported  by  Mr.  Michael.  The  mite 
attacks  bulbs  between  the  scales,  where  it  deposits 
its  eggs.  Such  attacks  would  undoubtedly  start 
gumming. 

Sometimes  the  bulbs  of  Snowdrops  and  Tulips  and 
the  corms  of  Crocus  exhibit  small  pale-coloured,  but 
at  length  black  flattened  sclerotia  in  their  outer 
coatings.  A  sclerotium  is  a  little  nodular  mass  of  com- 
pacted mycelium  (or  fungus  spawn)  in  a  resting  or 
hybernating  state.  These  little  masses  are  sometimes 
no  larger  than  a  pin's  point,  many  are  alrout  the 
size  of  a  mustard  seed,  or  a  little  larger.  The 
black  sclerotia  outwardly  resemble  Sclerotium  com- 
planatum,  Tode,  a  compact  mycelium  very  common  ' 
on  fallen  leaves,  especially  of  the  Elm.  When 
examined  in  section  the  bulb  sclerotia  are,  however, 
seen  to  be  ditTerent,  as  they  exhibit  the  structure  of 
the  minute  loosely  compacted  sclerolia  which  give 
rise  to  Mucor  subiilissimus,  P.erk.,  in  Onions.  The 
germinating  sclerotia  of  Onions  are  highly  destructive 
to  the  bulbs,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  bulbs 
of  Snowdrops  and  Tulips  and  the  corms  of  Crocus 
are  often  destroyed  by  a  fungus  allied  to  the  Onion 
Mucor.  All  bulbs  which  exhibit  disease  should 
be  burnt  or  deeply  buried,  and  on  no  account 
should  bulbs  be  planted  a  second  season  where 
the  little  black  sclerolia  have  been  proved  to 
exist.  The  sclerotia  probably  rest  in  the  decayiifg 
vegetable  material,  or  in  the  ground,  during  the 
winter  months  and  germinate  in  the  early  spring. 
It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  if  they  germinate  near 
plants  as  different  as  possible  from  the  nurse  plants, 
they  will  probably  perish  from  want  of  a  suitable 
host. 

A  brick-red  fungus  which  sometimes  forms  dull 
red  patches  on  Potatos,  Acrostalagmus  cinnabarinus, 
Corda.,  frequently  attacks  bulbs  of  Lilies  and  corms 
of  Gladioli.  The  Gladiolus  is  also  sometimes  affected 
by  a  kind  of  Smut  fungus  named  Urocystis  gladioli, 
W.  Sm.    W.  G.  Smith. 


j4o|VIE      ;pORRE3POJ^DE^(CE. 


Planting  Winter  Stuff.— In  this  dry  season  it 
will  be  found  of  advantage,  in  light  soils  especially, 
to  plant  between  the  rows  of  Potatos  such  sorts  as 
Savoys,  Kale  and  Broccoli.  These  in  good  garden 
soils  will  grow  sufficiently  large  for  home  consump- 
tion without  the  use  of  manure  put  in  for  the  crop 
itself,  and  will  be  found  to  withstand  frost  better 
than  others  forced  into  sappy  growth  by  over-much 
manure.  The  bottom  of  the  furrows  between  the 
rows  of  Potatos  contains  some  moisture  in  the 
warmest  weather ;  it  is  also  firm— another  advantage  ; 
and  will  be  better  if  not  loosened  with  a  fork,  as  this 
would  make  it  less  suitable  for  the  plants,  and  would 
dissipate  likewise  much  of  the  moisture  present.  M, 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Committes  and 
Judges.— It  appears  desirable  to  direct  attention  to 
a  small  difficulty  that  accompanies  the  formal  busi- 
ness at  South  Kensington  at  times  when  committees 
meet  and  exhibitions  are  in  progress.  The  manager 
of  an  exhibition  (whether  Royal  Horticultural  or 
special)  finds  it  convenient  to  select  for  judging 
members  of  committees,  and  it  is  at  that  point  the 
difficulty  begins.  For  example,  I  was  at  the  table  as 
member  of  Floral  Committee  at  the  usual  hour  on 
Tuesday  last,  but  being  appointed  with  my  friend, 
Mr.  John  Fraser,  to  judge  Carnations,  I  did  not  sign 
my  name  in  the  committee  book.  [Why  not? 
The  book  was  on  the  table.  Ed.]  At  the  end  of  the 
year,  when  the  attendances  are  counted,  my  total  will 
be  diminished  by  as  many  occasions  as  I  have  been 
absent  from  the  table,  in  order  to  operate  in  the 
larger  field.  For  myself  I  am  not  speaking,  being 
content  to  be  usefully  employed,  and  the  final  count- 
ing of  signatures  does  not  trouble  me.  But  having 
set  forth  the  facts,  I  wish  to  direct  attention  to  their 
injurious  tendency.  If  I  ask  a  member  of 
committee  to  assist  in  judging  an  exhibition  that 
may  happen  to  be  in  my  charge,  he  will  possibly 
decline  to  act,  on  the  ground  that  the  omission 
of  his  name  from  the  committee  book 
will  diminish  the  total  Df  his  attendances.  I  have 
had  to  face  this  difficulty  and  lose  the  aid  of  good 
men  who  were  otherwise  willing.  I  see  others,  who 
are  sufficiently  burdened  with  cares  of  management, 
troubled  in  the  like  manner  ;  and  the  question  sug- 
gested by  the  facts  is  to  find  a  way  out  of  the  difB. 
culty.     It  appears  to  me  a  very  easy  matter,  and  I 


150 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  iSSj. 


submit,  subject  to  approval  by  the  Council,  a  simple 
plan  of  procedure.  For  every  meeting  of  committee 
let  there  be  assigned  in  the  signature-book  two  pages 
facing  each  other.  O.i  the  left-hand  page  the  names 
of  members  actually  sitting  will  be  entered  in  the 
usual  way,  and  on  the  opposite  page  those  of  members 
who  are  at  the  same  time  engaged  in  the  business  of 
the  exhibition.  This  being  done,  we  shall  have  less 
difficulty  in  obtaining  judges,  and  we  shall  have  a 
complete  record  0/  personal  work.  Shiilcy  IJiU'CrJ. 

Early  Entamps  Cabbage.— Among  early  Cab- 
bages getting  a  high  character  for  excellence  I  fail  to 
find  the  Early  Entamps  among  the  number.  We 
find  it  both  to  be  the  earliest  and  best.     L.  L. 

Chrysanthemum  Leucanthemum,— I  send  you 
by  this  post  flowers  ol  a  very  handsome  Leucanthemum 
I  have  growing  here.  You  will  observe  they  are 
exceptionally  large  :  the  whole  plant  is  of  a  much 
larger  stature  than  -the  ordinary  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum,  of  which  it  appears  to  be  a  form.  I 
collected  it  abroad  about  ten  years  ago,  I  think  in  the 
Western  Alps,  but  I  most  unfortunately  lost  the  record 
of  its  habitat.  It  is  a  very  handsome  herbaceous 
plant,  growing  nearly  4  feet  high.  Flowers  after 
the  ordinary  C.  Leucanthemum  and  long  before  C. 
maximum.  It  is  just  now  a  mass  of  the  large  while 
"Daisy"  flowers,  some  of  which  are  3i  inches 
across.    Co.  Maio. 

Phormium  tenax  and  other  Plants  in  Scot- 
land.—The  finest  plant  of  New  Zealand  Flax  in  this 
district  is  growing  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Wm.  Walker, 
.Sirathkiness.  Soma  of  the  leaves  are  nearly  S  feet  in 
I;ngth.  ,\t  present  there  are  two  flower-stems,  the 
tallest  of  which  is  9  feet.  This  bears  a  dozen  trusses 
of  deep  crimson  flowers.  (I  know  of  one  catalogue 
and  one  dictionary  in  which  white  is  given  as  the 
colour.)  Note  was  taken  of  the  rate  of  growth,  when 
at  its  quickest.  This  was  found  to  be  2^  inches  in  24 
hours— li  during  the  day,  and  I  inch  during  the 
night.  The  soil  is  strong  lo3m,  and  there  is  but  little 
shelter.  This  plant,  which  has  flowered  twice  before, 
i-i  a  seedling  from  seed  ripened  in  the  open  air  by 
Dr.  Traill,  Orkney.  In  the  same  plot  is  a  fine 
example  of  Veronica  Traversii,  4  feet  in  height,  5 
feet  across,  and  completely  covered  with  bloom.  In 
a  small  cool  greenhouse,  amongst  luxuriant  native 
and  hardier  exotic  Ferns,  is  an  Adiantum  pedalum, 
with  stems  20  inches  in  length,  and  leaves  almost 
2  feet  from  tip  to  tip.  7-  'J-',  St.  Amlre-.vs,  N.B. 
[The  usual  colour  of  Phormium  tenax  is  orange.  Ed.] 

The  Potato  Crop  in  Middlesex.— The  change 
which  has  come  over  the  general  aspect  of  the  Potato 
crop  since  I  penned  the  first  remarks  concerning  its 
appearance  and  prospects  in  this  district,  which  you 
inserted  last  week,  is  at  once  remarkable  and  distres- 
sing. Three  weeks  of  autumn  drought  accompanied 
with  great  heat  has  told  upon  the  plants  with  d'sas- 
trous  results,  and  the  larger  portion  of  the  early  kinds 
may  be  said  to  be  dying  off  rather  than  ripening.  The 
tubers  are  very  small,  though  of  course  sound,  and  as 
a  result  the  price  in  the  market  is  advanced,  although 
not  sufficiently  to  counterbalance  the  loss  in  bulk  in- 
cidental to  the  drought.  Even  if  the  growers  found 
prices  so  advanced  that  the  increase  sufficed  to 
recuperate  the  loss  in  bulk,  the  consuming  public 
would,  of  necessity,  be  sutTerers,  and  then  we  see  how 
speedily  a  short  crop  at  home  acts  upon  the  markets, 
and  how  terribly  our  vast  population  would  sufTcr, 
were  our  food  supplies  restricted  by  import  duties. 
With  respect  to  the  later  kinds  there  is  yet  not  a  great 
deal  to  complain  of,  although  it  is  certain  that  nothing 
less  than  a  heavy  ground  rain  of  twenty-four  hours' 
duration  can  save  these  either  from  early  collapse  or 
later  supertuberation.  The  remarkable  drought  of 
last  year  was,  up  to  tliis  time  of  the  year,  productive 
of  far  less  disastrous  results  to  the  Potato  crop  than  is 
seen  this  seascn.  The  plants  are  also  much  infested 
with  aphis.  This  drought  has  shortened  the  duration 
of  the  Pea  crop,  and  smothered  the  plants  with  blight. 
The  seed  crop  will  probably  be  a  limited  one,  though 
a  well  hardened  sample.  Runner  Beans  are  bloom- 
ing freely  but  setting  badly,  and  of  all  the  winter  Cab- 
bage tribe  enormous  difficulties  are  found  in  planting 
out  with  soil  so  hard  and  dry.  The  drought  is  also 
telling  upon  the  Apple,  Pear,  and  Plum  trees  ;  fruit 
is  falling  fast,  or  is  very  small.  After  all,  the  brilliant 
prospects  of  the  spring  seem  to  be  fading  into  remote 

dist?.nce  as  the  summer  and  the  drought  go  on.  --/.  D, 


Fertilisation  of  the  Passion-Flovirer.  —  My 
experience  lends  to  prove  that  no  general  law  can  be 
formulated  as  to  the  fertilisation  of  the  Passiflora 
tribe.  D.uivin  states  that,  according  to  the  accounts 
he  had  received,  "quadrangularis  "  never  produced 
fruit  with  its  own  ^oWfaf^Animab  and  Plants  umUr 
Domestication,  vol.  ii.,  p.  137).  at  the  date  of  the 
publication  of  that  book.  1  had  for  many  years  been 
growing  the  variety,  and  rarely  if  ever  failed  in 
fertilising  it  with  its  own  pollen  ;  but  no  flower  ever 
produced  fruit  unless  the  pollen  was  artificially  trans- 
ferred to  the  stigma,  clearly  proving  that  the  fertili- 
sation was  not  due  to  other  pollen.  Afterwards  I 
grew  another  strain  of  the  same  variety,  but  I  never 
succeeded  in  fertilising  a  single  flower  with  the  pollen 
of  the  same  plant,  while  I  set  as  many  as  I  wanted 
with  the  pollen  of  "  kermesina."  On  the  other  hand 
"  fa;tida,"  remarkable  for  its  beautiful  mossy  involu- 
crum,  without  assistance  produces  as  many  fruits  as 
flowers.  The  fruit  of  this  variety,  described  in 
Curtis' i5D/av;/c-a!//l/"^<r:mc,  as  being  "dry,  inflated," 
is  with  me  juicy,  high  flavoured,  and  liked  by  many. 
Edmund  Tanks,  K'nowU,  July  25.  [Please  send 
specimen  for  confirmation.  Ed.] 

A  Firm  Path. — Mr.  Darwin,  in  his  interest- 
ing book  on  the  earth-worm,  tells  us  something 
of  the  labours  of  that  humble  creature.  There 
ii  abundant  evidence  of  such  labour  in  a  road 
from  Greenhdl  to  Headstone.  It  was  made  some 
fifteen  years  ago,  the  road  and  path  being  covered 
from  6  to  9  inches  deep  with  Harrow  Weald  gravel. 
On  the  path  by  the  side  there  is  now  a  firm,  smooth 
sward,  nearly  2  inches  thick,  entirely  due  to  the  labours 
of  earth-worms.  Probably  in  another  fifteen  years 
scarcely  a  vestige  of  the  works  of  the  human  road- 
makers  will  remain  to  be  seen,  so  efTeclually  are  these 
lowly  workers  levelling  up.    T.  W.,  Hano:i\ 

Sweet  Peas  from  Boreatton  Park.- .\  charm- 
ing lot   of  new  Sweet  Peas  has  been  forwarded  by 
Mr.  Henry  Eckford,  from  Boreatton  Park,  Baschurch, 
the  flowers  of  great  size,  brilliantly  coloured,  distinct, 
and  very  fine.     The  latter  quality,  no  doubt,  is  partly 
owing  to  the  increased  size  seen  in  the  new  varieties 
previously  raised  by  Mr.  Eckford,  and  partly  to  his 
method  of  culture.     Instead  of  following  the  some- 
what barbarous  practice  of  sowing  the  seeds  thickly 
in  a  line— too  thickly,  indeed,   for  the  plants  to  have 
sufficient  space  in  which  to  develope  themselves,  and 
there  is  such  a  drain  upon  the  soil  that  when  a  time 
of  severe  drought  comes  like  that  through  which  we 
are  now  passing,  the  flowering  time  is   very  short,  if 
the  plants  are  allowed  to  set  their  seed-pods.   If  ihe  old 
method  is  to  be  followed  it  would  be  much  better  to 
sow  in   a  well    manured    trench    like    that    used    for 
Celery,  so   that  a  mulching  could    be   given  in    hot 
weather,  with  plenty  of  water  when  necessary,   and 
the  earliest  decaying  flower-stems  be  cut  away.     Mr. 
Eckford  grows  his   Sweet    Peas   eiiher   singly  or  in 
clumps  of  two  or  three  plants  in  well  manured  soil  ; 
the  result  is  that  the  individuals  grow  freely,  branch- 
ing profusely,  and  become  perfect  pictures  of  floral 
beauty,  producing  very  fine  blossoms.     The  following 
are  'he  new  varieties  sent  by  Mr.  Eckford  :  — Charm- 
ing, magenta  standards,  with  slight  margin  of  purple, 
paling  to  pink  towards  the  base,  the  wings  and  keel 
white,    forming  a   wire    edge    of   blue— very    pretty 
indeed  ;     Purple  King,    the  standard   bronzy-purple, 
with  a  distinct  margin   of  clear    purple,    the  wings 
bright  purple— very  fine,  di^linct,  and  showy  ;  Impe- 
rial Blue,  pucy  standard,  shading  off  to  mauve  and 
violet,    the   wings  and    keel  bright    blue— very  fine, 
pleasing,  and  distinct  ;  Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  pale 
bright  orange-carmine  standard,  very  rich  in  colour, 
and  eflective,  the  wings  and  keel  delicate  magenta, 
shaded    with    violet— very    bright    and    glowing    in 
colour,  and  extremely  pleasing  ;  Rosalind,  pale  bright 
rosy-pink  standard,  the  wings  and  keel  delicate  mauve 
— bright,  pleasing,  and  very  fine  ;  Isa  Eckford,  the 
standard  delicate    pink,    the  wings  and  keel   white, 
very   delicately  flushed  with   soft  pink— this  is  very 
sweet  and  pretty  ;  in  the  case  of  the  young  flowers 
the  standards  are  of  a  very   pleasing  shade  of  buff, 
which    chinges  to   pink   with   age  ;     Mrs.    Eckford, 
the   standard   delicate    pinkish-mauve,    shaded    to   a 
distinct  margin  ol  mauve,  the  wings  and  keel  creamy- 
white,  with  a  distinct  wire  edge  of  mauve— very  fine 
indeed,     and     extremely    pleasing.       Lastly    comes 
Charmer,  the  standard   of  a  lovely  shade  of  delicate 
mauve,  the  white  wings  slightly  suffused  with  mauve 
—very  pleasing  and   pretty.     It  is  remarkable  how 


very  few  varieties  of  Sweet  Peas  put  in  appearance 
up  to  1SS2,  but  now  that  Mr.  Eckford  is  busy  wi  h 
crossing  the  best  varieties,  the  results  are  numerous 
and  striking.  It  would  not  now  be  difficult  to 
enumerate  twenty  distinct  varieties  of  Sweet  Peas. 
The  fragrant  Peas  are  among  the  most  valuable,  as 
they  are  one  of  the  commonest  of  hardy  annuals.  A 
garden,  whether  large  or  small,  seems  to  be  incom- 
plete without  some  of  these  fragrant  flowers.  Mr. 
Eckford's  new  varieties  appear  to  be  very  rich  in 
perfume.  When  the  box  containing  the  bunches  of 
flowers  was  unpacked  the  scent  was  delightfully 
acute.  The  bunches  of  flowers  sent  from  Boreatton 
have  been  in  water  for  a  few  days  ;  their  fragrance 
is  still  rich,  and  the  blossoms  retain  it  until  they 
decay.   A'.  D. 

Onosma  tauricum. — Although  this  fine  Borage- 
wort  has  been  in  this  country  for  some  years  it  appears 
but  little  known,  as  it  is  seldom  seen  ;  and  yet  it  is 
one  of  the  most  desirable  of  the  hardy  perennials,  as 
it  bears  scorpioid  cymes  of  rich  citron-yellow-coloured 
long  tubular  shaped  flowers,  that  are  very  sweet- 
scented.  The  place  which  appears  to  suit  this 
Onosma  best  is  a  somewhat  elevated  position  where 
it  can  get  good  depth  of  soil  and  have  free  drainage, 
under  which  favourable  conditions  it  is  sure  to  do 
well.  The  way  to  propagate  is  by  division,  which 
should  be  effected  in  spring,  just  as  the  plants  begin 
to  grow,  when  they  may  be  separated  with  safety  ;  or 
seed  may  be  sown.  O.  echioides  bears  a  close 
resemblance  to  the  one  mentioned  above,  but  this 
variety  is  a  biennial,  and  therefore  of  less  value,  as  it 
is  mote  apt  to  be  lost.  J.  S. 

Passion-Flowers.— Replying  to  the  Editor's 
inquiry  {Gardt-ners'  Chronicle,  vol.  xxiv.,  1SS5, 
p.  120),  I  am  much  inclined  to  believe  that  the 
flowers  on  the  specimen  referred  to  are  fertilised  from 
neighbouring  blooms  by  insects  or  other  agents,  since 
there  would  be  many  expanded  on  this  plant  at  the 
same  time  ;  but  of  course  the  question  as  to  whether 
an  individual  bloom  would  develope  a  fruit  producing 
perfect  seeds  when  fertilised  by  its  own  pollen,  could 
be  easily  demonstrated  by  remo\ing  all  the  flower- 
buds  save  one,  which  could  then  be  fertilised  with  its 
own  pollen,  and  I  dire  say,  as  this  is  a  matter  of 
some  importance,  some  of  your  readers  who  possess 
an  isolated  Passion-flower  will  try  the  experiment, 
and  enlighten  us  on  the  matter  at  some  future  period. 
IV.  Napper. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Farming.  —  lo  the 
various  schemes  which  are  now  before  the  public  for 
the  bettering  of  the  farmers  of  this  country,  none  of 
them  seem  so  untenable  as  those  advocating  fruit  and 
vegetable  farming  in  a  wholesale  way.  If  this  should 
ever  be  adopted  generally  over  the  great  areas  now 
under  grain  and  pulse  crops,  the  system  would  have 
but  short  duration,  simply  from  want  ol  consumers. 
Our  country  people  get  now  almost  enough  of  vege- 
tables as  is  good  for  them  in  this  climate,  and  fruit 
can  here  be  looked  only  on  as  an  adjunct  to  a  meal, 
not  as  a  meal  itself.  Our  people,  even  if  they  could 
be  induced  to  take  to  vegetable  diet,  would  do  so 
reluctantly,  and  it  would  be  impossible  for  them  to 
do  a  fair  day's  work  on  one  purely  vegetable.  The 
writer  recollects  some  years  ago  a  number  of  Flemish 
navvies  being  imported  during  a  strike  on  a  stretch  of 
southern  railway.  Now  these  men  ate  fruit  and 
bread,  did  not  see  any  virtue  in  beer  and  beef- 
steaks like  their  English  compeers,  and  went 
into  the  town  to  make  their  purchases  in  car- 
pet shoes.  The  contractors  for  the  line  were 
soon  glad  to  give  their  navvies,  who  had  struck 
for  an  addition  to  their  pay,  the  sum  required,  and 
ship  the  Flemings  back  again  to  the  Fatherland,  for 
they  saw  that  one  good  Englishman  could  do  three 
times  as  much  work  as  they,  with  apparently  less 
exertion.  Beyond  the  reform  of  our  land  laws,  which 
would  bring  more  good  land  into  cultivation  that  is 
now  laid  down  under  grass,  as  parks,  &c.,  is  an  in- 
crease of  small  farms,  where  the  yeoman  could  grow 
hardy  varieties  of  Wheat,  not  fine  tender  kinds  like 
Talavera  Red,  and  the  like  ;  Rye,  which  is  the  bread- 
stuff of  millions  in  central  and  northern  Europe  ;  Oats, 
more  Peas,  Haricot  Beans,  and  roots,  such  as 
Parsnips  and  Beets.  Potatos  should  be  less  grown 
than  they  are  now,  for  not  only  are  they  an  uncertain 
crop,  but  the  feeding  qualities  of  any  of  the  varieties 
is  very  low,  the  Haricot  Bean  being  greatly  its 
superior,  besides  permitting  of  being  cooked  in  more 


August  i,  1SS5.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


151 


different  ways.  Poullry,  ralibits,  cows  fur  milk, 
ai.il  more  stock,  even  if  it  were  not  of  the 
finest  breeds,  could  be  kept  in  greater  numbers 
under  small  farm  mana^em^nt  than  under  large. 
The  chief  want  of  the  day  in  our  country  is  not  more 
jim,  or  fruit,  or  vegetables,  but  more  meat,  grain, 
and  pulse  fur  the  growing  children  and  hard-woikmg 
men  and  women — not  forgetting  that  almost  indis- 
pensable food  for  the  young,  plenty  of  good  milk.  If 
we  had  cheap  and  abundant  supplies  of  meat,  should 
we  spend  so  much  money  with  the  Chinese  for  their 
Tea?  I  believe  we  should  not,  for  meats,  soups,  and 
broths  would  lake  its  place  in  the  dietary  of  those 
who  were  the  workers,  and  certainly  with  advantage 
to  themselves  and  to  the  countty  generally.  Soups 
of  lieans  and  Lentils,  with  a  small  addition  of  fat 
meals,  are  greatly  su^ierior  to  either  Tea  or  Coffee  for 
breakfast  and  supper  ;  and  oatmeal,  in  various  ways, 
is  to  be  preferred  to  either,  as  every  Scotchman  will 
aver.  Haricot, 

Everlasting  Peas.— For  growing  in  semi-wild 
places,  or  anywhere  in  a  garden  for  the  supply  of  cut 
flowers,  nothing  can  be  more  useful  than  Lathyrus 
latifolius,  which  is  one  of  the  most  hardy  and  enduring 
of  plants,  as  it  will  grow  and  Houriah  almost  any- 
where, and  send  up  its  strong  shoots,  which  ramble 
and  scramble  up  amongst  hedges  or  bushes,  and 
bloom  profusely  during  two  or  three  months  of  the 
year.  Although  the  coloured  variety  is  very  valuable, 
the  white  kind  is  even  more  so,  but  both  should  be  in 
every  garden,  and  if  planted  at  the  backs  of  boiders, 
in  the  foreground  of  ihrubs,  they  will  make  a  fine 
show.  The  way  to  support  them  there  is  to  have  a 
strong,  tall  iron  guard  for  them  to  climb  up,  or  stout 
bushy  sticks  stuck  round  for  them  to  cling  to,  when 
they  will  form  a  thick  mass,  and  produce  a  striking 
effect.  Like  the  annual  varieties,  Lathyrus  latifolius 
comes  freely  from  seed,  which  may  be  sown  as  soon 
as  it  is  ripe,  either  in  pots  under  glass,  or  where  the' 
plants  are  to  grow,  or  they  may  be  propagated  by 
division  of  the  crowns,  which  should  be  done  in  the 
spring.  J.  S. 

Good  Grape  Growing. — One  of  the  best  ex- 
amples in  Grape  growing  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of 
inspecting  this  season  is  at  Portland  Iljuse,  Barn- 
staple, which  speaks  well  for  the  skill  of  the  gardener, 
Mr.  Weslacolt,  whose  employer  is  R.  C.  Kalaiel, 
E  q.  The  vinery  there  is  not  a  large  one,  being  only 
about  25  X  15  feet.  It  is  a  hip-roofed  building  and 
is  divided  lor  early  and  succession  crops.  The  sorts 
grown  are  Golden  (laeen.  Lady  Downe's,  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  Madreslield  Court,  Black  Alicante,  Aln- 
wick Seedling,  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Buccleuch.  The 
Madresfield  Court,  which  does  so  badly  with  many,  is 
simply  perfection  here,  some  of  the  bunches  mea- 
suring 12  inches  in  length  and  S  inches  across  the 
shoulders.  Altogether  there  are  about  140  hunches 
in  this  house,  averaging  4  to  6  lb.  each,  and  they  are 
remarkable  for  their  perfect  shape  and  very  fine  berries. 
The  Vines  are  planted  in  the  house,  and  the  border 
extends  to  the  outside.    //'.  N. 

Lilium  candidum.  —  In  going  along  counlry 
roads  in  this  part  of  the  country  one  can  hardly 
imagine  that  there  is  any  difficulty  in  keeping  and 
growing  the  fine  old  Lilium  candidum,  such  as  some 
are  said  to  experience,  as  in  almost  every  cottage 
garden  quantities  may  be  seen  sending  up  spikes,  4 
to  6  feet  high,  and  bearing  great  heads  of  its  lovely, 
pure  while  blooms,  the  scer.t  from  which  quite  per- 
vades and  fills  the  air  with  strong  odour.  The  soil 
all  about  the  district  where  these  Lilies  ate  so 
abundant  is  of  a  light,  dry,  sandy  nature,  which 
evidently  suits  the  bulbs,  as  they  increase  freely,  and 
become  so  thick,  after  a  time,  in  the  clumps  as  to 
push  each  other  out  of  the  ground.  It  it  could  only 
be  made  to  do  as  well  in  pots,  and  would  bear  gentle 
forcing,  so  as  to  get  it  in  early,  what  a  fine  thing  it 
would  be  for  greenhouse  and  conservatory  decoration 
—a  purpose  for  which  it  looks  specially  suited.  J.  S. 

Hardy  Cacti  and  Nymphcea  alba  var.  rosea. 
— These  interesting  species  and  beautiful  plants 
of  such  opposite  habits  have  been  llowering  freely  at 
Bayfordbury,  in  the  rock  garden,  in  a  part  of  it 
apportioned  to  aquatics  and  bog  plants  —  the  Cacti 
consisting  of  C.  Opuntia,  C.  Rafinesquiana,  C,  missou- 
tiensis,  and  C.  arborescens,  of  which  the  first  and 
second  produced  about  one  hundred  fine  yellow 
flowers,  and  are  now  fruiting.     Mesembryanthemum 


uncinatum,  which  is  spreading  over  the  rocks,  is  still 
flowering,  and  more  freely  than  I  have  hitherto  seen 
it.  All  these  have  proved  hardy  for  several  years 
past,  care  only  being  taken  to  keep  them  dry  in  the 
winter,  with  plenty  of  air.  With  respect  to  the 
Nymphsea  It  has  borne  this  jear  five  flowers  on  one 
plant,  of  a  beautiful  rich  rose  colour.  I  have  examined 
one  of  the  flower-heads  which  first  came  out,  and 
finding  it  to  contain  plenty  of  well  formed  and 
nearly  ripe  seed,  I  shall  have  every  care  taken  of 
the  rest,  and  should  be  glad  of  any  hints  as  to  the 
best  way  of  rearing  them.  I  propose  sowing  the 
seeds  in  pans  to  be  sunk  seme  inches  below  the 
surface  of  the  water,  and*kept  in  a  greenhouse  during 
the  winter,  also  I  should  like  to  know  where  this 
Nymph.Tjahas  flowered  elseaheie  than  at  Kew,  where 
I  have  seen  it  myself.  IF.  A\  fui/ur.  [.\n  account  of 
the  germination  of  the  Victoiia  Lily  at  Kew  in 
GarJemii'  Chronicle,  May  2,  1SS5,  p.  56S,  would 
give  you  some  useful  hints  on  raising  them.   Ed  ] 

Delphiniums.— The  perennial  varieties  of  these 
are  among  the  most  striking  of  hardy  border  plants, 
sending  up  as  they  do  veiy  tall  spikes  of  valiou^ly 
shaded  rich  blue  flowers  that  make  a  grand  show  and 
last  a  long  time  in  perfection.  The  situation  most 
suitable  for  these  Larkspurs  is  in  the  foreground  of 
shrubs,  which  not  only  atfjid  them  the  necessary 
shelter  from  strong  winds,  hut  back  them  up  well. 
AUhough  they  will  grow  in  almost  any  kind  o(  soil, 
that  which  suits  them  best  is  a  deep  light  loam,  as  in 
that  they  do  not  sulljr  from  excess  of  moisture  and 
can  send  their  roots  deep  down,  and  find  the  food 
they  require.  If  extra  fine  specimens  are  desired,  it  is 
a  good  plan  to  dig  out  a  hole  for  each  plant,  and 
work  in  at  the  bottom  some  rotten  manure  by  mixing 
it  up  with  a  folk,  when,  after  filling  in  again,  the 
plants  may  be  planted.  The  best  time  to  do  this  is  in 
the  spring,  just  as  they  begin  to  start,  at  which  peiiod 
they  may  be  cut  through  the  cro«ns,  or  dug  up, 
pulled  apart,  and  divided,  when,  if  planted  in  posi- 
tions prepared  in  the  way  mentioned  above,  they  will 
soon  make  large  clumps,  and  a  magnificent  show. 
Delphiniums  also  come  read.ly  from  seed,  which  most 
of  the  single  kinds  bear  freely,  and  this  may  be  sown 
as  soon  as  it  is  ripe,  or  in  spring,  the  first-named 
period  being  the  most  preferable,  as  plants  raised 
duiing  the  summer  will  floAer  the  following  lear. 
The  way  to  get  these  up,  if  the  seed  be  sown  now,  is 
to  make  use  of  a  handlight,  and  to  sow  under  it  in 
sandy  soil,  but  if  left  till  March  or  April,  a  little  heat 
is  required  to  get  the  seed  to  germinate,  y.  S. 


class,  and  grows  rapidly.  [The  cone  figured  in  Gatii, 
Citron.,  November  I,  1S79,  wherethe  tree  isdesciibed, 
was  from  a  native  specimen.] 

Books  Received. 

Vaiious  donations  were  acknowledged  for  the 
library. 

The  meetings  of  the  committee  were  then  adjourned 
till  November  10. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL:    July  28. 

The  Carnation  and  Picotce  show  formed  the  main 
attraction  to  the  public  on  this  occasion,  still  there 
were  many  objects  of  interest  in  the  exhibits  of 
Messrs.  Ware,  J.  Liing  &  Co  .  Hooper  &  Co.,  and 
Sutton  &  Sons,  of  Reading.  The  herbaceous  plants 
of  the  first-named  firm,  the  Begonias  from  the  Stan- 
stead  Park  Nurseries,  and  the  beautiful  varieties  of 
Gloxinias  from  the  two  last,  meeting  with  well- 
earned  admiration.  Of  minor  interest  were  the  small 
collections  of  plants  in  pots,  and  the  vegetables ; 
with  the  exception  of  Pines,  but  little  fruit  appearing 
on  the  tables. 

Scientific  Committee. 

A.  Grote,  E-q  ,  in  the  chair. 

Pheasants  Poisoned  iiy  Fungi. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  made  some  further  remarks  on 
this  subject.     See  p.  14S. 

Odontoglossom  nebulosu.m  with  Three  Lips. 
Dr.  Masters  reported  on  the  flower  from  Dr.  Duke 
submitted  to  him  at  the  last  meeting.  The  segments 
of  the  perianth  were  normal,  as  also  the  single  perfect 
stamen.  Midway  from  either  side  of  the  column 
proceeded  a  lip-like  petal  wholly  detached  from  the 
lip.  There  was  no  trace  of  the  three  inner  stamens, 
nor  of  the  stigma. 

Cones  of  Abies  erachyphylla. 
Dr.  Masters  showed  cones  of  this  comparatively 
new  Japanese  Conifer,  grown  by  Messrs.  Veitch,  at 
their  Combe  Wood  nurseries  ;  they  were  of  oblor.g 
form,  and  of  a  rich  purple  Plum-like  colour,  similar 
to  those  of  A.  Webbiana,  but  smaller.  The  tree  in 
question  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  hardiest  of  its 


Floral  Committee. 

Present:  G.  F.  Wilson,  E-q,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  T-  Liing,  W.  Wdks,  II.  llerbst.  J.  Chil.',  ' 
I.  Jimes,  J.  O'Brien,  Dr.  Masters,  PL  Williams,  H 
Turner,  J.  Douglas,  G.  Duffield,  ].  Smith,  H.  Bal- 
lantine,  J.  Djminy,  H.  M.  Pollett,"E  Hill.  —  Krg- 
horne,  W.  Bealby,  W.  B.  Kellcck,  T.  Baines,  A. 
Perry,  J.  Walker,  H.  Cannell. 

Begonias. 

A  group,  not  exceeding  fifty  plants  shown  by  nursery- 
men, brought  only  one  exhibitor — Messrs.  Laing  &  Co., 
Slanstead  Paik  .N'ursery,  Forest  Hill— who  obtained  the 
award  of  1st  prize  for  well-bloomed  examples  of  2  feet 
or  more  in  height,  double  and  single-flowered  kinds. 
These  showy  and  enduring  plants,  that  are,  if  anytliing, 
betti  r  out-of-doors  than  indoors,  are  now  running  a  close 
race  with  the  zonal  Pelargonium  and  Balsam  in  the  esti- 
mation of  the  general  growers.  » 

For  nine  distinct  tuberous  Begonias,  open.  —  ist, 
Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Co.  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  The 
Laurels,  Roehampton  Park,  the  latter  showing  novel 
varieties  of  a  small  size. 

For  six  tuberous  Begonias,  distinct,  amateurs. — Mr 
Cheeseman  (gr.,  Mr.  Monk).  The  Hall.  North  Dulwich, 
took  1st  prize,  with  a  nicely  assorted  lot,  full  of  bloom  ; 
2d,  .Mr.  W.  Bealby  ;  3d,  Mr.  .'ipthorpe,  Albion  Pre«ery, 
Cambridge. 

For  six  tuberous  Begonias,  double-flowered,  distinct, 
open.— The  veterans,  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co..  were  again 
the  winners  of  the  rst  prize,  a  lew  of  the  best  being 
.Mrs.  Brisseiiden,  rose;  Goliath,  scarlet;  Mr.  Brissen- 
dcn,  same';  and  The  Cz.r,  same  colour.  Mr.  Bealby 
took  the  2d  prize,  he  having  Bella  Denary,  a  good 
scarlet  ;  Virginalis,  a  white,  and  Blanch  Duval. 

Six  Lilies,  in  not  less  th.an  three  varieties,  open. — 
The  prize  in  this  competition  went  to  Mr.  Ware,  Hale 
Farm,  Tottenham,  the  sorts  being  Chalcedonicum 
maculatum,  a  deep  crimson  ;  the  creamy-white  Brownii, 
pardalinum  Michauxi,  an  orange,  with  black  spots— a 
showy  kind  ;  auratum,  and  Huiiiboldtii. 

Six  Achimenes,  in  distinct  kinds,  amateurs,  brought 
but  few  plants  ;  a  2d  prize  being  awarded  Mr.  A.  Luff, 
gr.  to  R.  R.  Wyatt,  Strealham,  lor  well  bloomed,  nicely 
assorted  varieties,  the  ist  prize  being  withheld. 

liight  Gloxinias,  distinct,  amateurs,  brought  nothing 
that  could  be  termed  first-class,  most  of  iheiii  being 
over-potted  and  deficient  in  bloom  and  poor  in  leaf. — 
The  ist  prize  went  to  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel  W.  P. 
Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher ;  and  the  2d  to  Mr.  A.  Luft. 

In  the  collection  of  carnivorous  plants,  Mr.  H.  James 
came  out  strongly  in  Sarracenias,  Nepenthes,  Dionosi 
miiscipula,  Drosera  capensis,  and  Cephalotus  follicularis. 
He  was  awarded  ist  prize,  and  Mr.  A.  Luff  the  2d— this 
latter  grower  showing  a  muchsmallercoUection  of  plants 
of  a  diminutive  size. 

A  contest  with  twenty-five  miscellaneous  plants  in 
flower,  in  8-inch  pots  (open),  resulted  in  a  few  groups 
being  staged  ;  but  the  condiiion  as  to  size  of  pot  deter- 
mined the  size  of  the  plants,  consequently  there  was 
nothing  shown  that  calls  for  speci,U  notice.  Mr.  James, 
Castle  Nursery,  took  rst  prize,  the  best  things  he  had 
being  Agapanthus  umbell.itus  albiis,  Thunia  Bensonia;. 
an  old  but  yet  rare  plant,  with  deep  purple  blooms  ;  and 
Tiliandsia  splendens.  Mr.  A.  Luff  was  awarded  the  2d 
priz?. 

Cut  Flowers. 

A  class  for  cut  flowers  of  herbaceous  plants  seemed 
in  danger  of  falling  through  but  for  the  entry  of 
Mr.  T.  S.  Ware's  grand  group,  which  was,  if  Judged 
relative  to  the  awards  made  in  other  classes,  worth 
many  limes  the  sum  given  .as  a  ist  prize.  Whilst 
comprising  specimen  bunches  of  all  the  best  hardy 
flowers  in  season  it  was  also  helped  by  some  gigantic 
bunches  of  Lilium  auratum,  other  Lilies  being  also 
shown  ;  Phloxes  and  Irises  in  great  variety,  Gaillar- 
dias.  Lythrums,  especi.illy  the  beautiful  roseum 
suptrbum  ;  Poppies.  ,S:c  ;  and  not  least  striking,  a  big 
bunch  of  the  pretty  white-flowered  Gypsophylla  panicu- 
lata,  so  useful  for  decorating  vases  and  epergnes.  This 
same  exhibitor  had  the  only  lots  of  Pentstemons  staged, 
the  flowers  being  shown  as  twelve  bunches  rather  than 
as  twelve  spikes,  as  specified  in  the  schedule  ;  these, 
unfortunately,  seemed  to  have  suffered  materially  from 
the  heat.  Mr.  Ware  also  took  the  1st  and  only  prize 
awarded  for  twelve  cut  spikes  of  Pentstemons  ;  these 
were  distinct  and  very  pretty. 

Miscellaneous. 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
showed  a  large  collection  of  French  spotted  varieties  of 
Gloxinias  associated  with  small  Maidenhair  Fern.  The 
colouring  of  most  of  them  was  remarkable  for  prettiness, 
and  had  the  plants  not  been  so  crowded  whilst  growing 
they  would  have  been  furnished  with  better  foliage.  A 
Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded.  Messrs,  Sutton  & 
Sons.  Reading,  showed  a  still  larger  collection  of  robust 
habit,  the  colours  being  strong,  well  defined,  and  foliage 
all  that  could  be  desired.  We  were  informed  the  plants 
are  the  produce  of  seeds  sown  in  January  last.  A  Silver- 
gilt  Metial  was  awarded  in  this  case. 


152 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  1885. 


ndividual  flowers 
A  Vote  of  Thanks  was 


Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.  received  a  similar  award  for  a 
splendid  assortment  of  cut  blooms  of  Begonias,  and 
Messrs.  \.  Veitch  &  Sons  for  Carnation  blooms. 

A  capital  strain  of  Balsam  was  shown  by  Messrs.  F. 
Smith  &  Co.,  Dulwich,  for  which  they  received  a  Bronze 
Medal. 

From  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  there  were  Piper 
ornatum,  a  pretty  stove  climber  with  green  cordate  leaves 
marbled  with  white,  very  distinct,  would  contrast  well 
with  Cissus  porphyrophyllus  ;  Tillandsia  ihodocena,  a 
Bromeliad  with  a  pink  peduncle  and  bracts,  the  flowers 
being  pale  blue,  and  not  conspicuous— a  handsome  plant ; 
Rhododendron  Nemesis,  with  flowers  in  a  rather  loosely 
formed  corymb,  the  colour  orange— a  showy  plant,  and 
seemingly  a  strong  grower  for  a  tender  hybrid  ;  Cypn- 
pedium  Sedeni  caudatum,  a  variation  from  the  better 
known  C.  Sedeni— it  has  pink  and  white  flowers,  with  a 
white  bloom  diff'used  over  them  ;  Cypripedium  Mor- 
ganiffi,  a  tall  flowered  specimen,  the  sac  of  claret  colour 
and  wings  of  3  inches  in  length,  green,  densely  spotted 
with  circular  markings  of  brown.  Some  hardy  hybrid 
Gladioli  of  curious  and  distinct  colours  were  also  exhi- 
bited from  the  Chelsea  nurseries,  as  also  a  panful  of 
plants  of  the  dense  white-flowered  Olearia  Haastii. 

The  Hon.   Rev.   ].   Boscawen,  Lamorran,  Cornwall, 
showed  a  large  specimen  of.  Ljelia  purpurata.^bearing 
five  spikes  of  four  flowers  each,  the 
being  large  and  well  coloured, 
awarded  him.  .    . 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  exbited  some  dwarf  varieties 
of  Marigold,  African  and  Orange. 

Mr.  W.  Bealby  showed  zonal  Pelargoniums,  Rosa 
Bonheur,  and  another  which  received  a  Certificate.  A 
deep  crimson  Dianthus,  named  Napoleon  III.,  was  sent 
by  Mr.  Dobson,  Altrincham,  which  obtained  a  Vote  of 
Thanks.  ,     , 

Mr.  PoUett,  Fernside,  Bickley,  showed  a  small  plant 
of  Cattleya  calummata  much  resembling  in  some  respects 
C.  AclandiK,  and  an  Odontoglossum  crispum  spotted  in 
a  distinct  manner  with  brown.  A  Vote  of  Thanks  was 
given  to  Mr.  PoUett  for  each. 

A  plant  in  flower  of  Cienkowskia  Kirki  was  shown  by 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Holloway  Nurseries. 

Mr.  James  showed  a  neat  growing,  pure  white  Lobelia 
named  Florrie  Wood,  which  had  been  recognised  by  a 
First-class  Certificate  in  1883. 

Certificated  Plants. 
Some  fine  border  Carnations  came  from  the  Chelsea 
nursery  of  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons.     The  blooms  were 
large,  full,  and  showed  admirably  what  cultivation  can 
do  for  this  class  of  flowers  in  London  itself. 

Rhododendron  incamatum  floribundum  with  corymbs 
of  pink  tubular  blossoms,  and  the  whole  plant  of  flori- 
ferous  character,  in  a  yonng  state,  came  from  the  same 
nurseries,  as  did  also  R.  Indian  Yellow.  The  colour  of 
this  hybrid  was  very  pure,  and  was  nicely  contrasted  with 
the  red  stamens  ;  the  foliage  was  long  and  of  much  sub- 
stance. Begonia  Thwaitesii,  a  dwarf  variety  with  bronzy- 
green  foliage,  covered  with  reddish  hairs,  and  pink  leaf- 
stalks, was  remarked  as  being  a  distinct  and  useful  thing. 
Mr.  Ware  had  a  pretty  plant  in  Dracocephalum  vir- 
ginicum  album,  the  flower-spikes  of  Pentstemon-like 
blooms  being  of  the  purest  white  ;  Campanula  Hender- 
soni,  a  dwarl  pale  blue  species  ;  and  Helenium  pumilura, 
a  flower  with  rays  of  a  bright  yellow  colour  and  a 
greenish-yellow  disc,  were  distinct  plants. 

Mr.  W.  Bealby  showed  Pelargonium  Paul  Charbon- 
nier,  a  semi-double  scarlet  zonal  of  fine  form  and  great 
substance.  He  likewise  had  an  Ivy-leaf  variety  named 
Josephine  von  HohenzoUern. 

Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  showed  Car- 
nation The  Governor,  a  flower  flesh-white  in  tint,  with 
incurving  petals  of  great  substance  and  fairly  double. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.'s  dwarf  orange  African  Mari- 
golds met  with  the  recognition  of  the  judges. 

The  Begonia  with  double  flowers— Marquis  of  Stafford 
—shown  by  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co,  was  a  handsome 
double  bloom  of  good  substance  ;  and  Messrs.  Sutton  & 
Sons'  Hybrid  bedding  Begonia  Prince  Henry  is  likely, 
from  its  hardy  character  and  flowering  habit,  to  make  a 
uselul  flower  garden  plant. 

Mr.  Cannell  hkewise  showed  a,  Begonia,  thought  to  be 
suitable  for  the  same  purpose,  named  Marchioness  of 
Lothian  ;  and  B.  Picotee,  a  plant  having  flowers  with 
pointed  petals,  rosy-scarlet  tipped  with  white  :  it  is  dis- 
tinct and  pretty. 

First-class  Certificates. 
To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  border  Carnations. 
To  Messrs.  'j.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendron  in- 
carnatum  floribundum. 

To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Begonia  Thwaitsii. 
To   Messrs.   H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Carnation  The 
Governor. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Begonia  Mar- 
chioness of  Lothian. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  B.  Picotee. 
To  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  for  zonal  Pelargonium  Paul  Char- 
bonnier. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  for  Pelagonium  Josephine  von 
HohenzoUern.  [Stafford. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. ,  for  Begonia  Marquis  of 
To  Mr.  Ware,  for  Dracocephalum  virginicum  album. 
To  Mr.  Ware,  for  Campanula  Hendersoni. 
To  Mr.  Ware,  for  Helenium  pumilum. 
To  Messrs.    J.   Carter  &  Co.,  for  Marigold  African 
Orange. 

To   Messrs.    Sutton    &    Sons,    for    Begonia  Prince 
Henry.  

Fruit  Committee. 
H.   Veitch,    Esq.,   in    the  chair ;   and 


T.  F.  Rivers,  C.  Silvetlock,  J.  Lee,  G.  Bunyard,  R. 
D.  Blackmore,  T.  B.  Haywood,  J.  EUam,  H.  Webb, 
G.  T.  Miles,  Chas.   Ross. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  kindly  offered  valu- 
able pnzes  for  collections  of  eight  kinds  of  vegetables, 
and  some  eight  lots  were  staged,  the  quahty,  however, 
hardly  equalled  that  shown  at  the  previous  show.  Mr. 
Richards,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Normanton,  Sonierley  Park, 
Ringwood,  was  fortunate  enough  to  be  again  placed  ist, 
as  then  having  good  examples  of  London  Cauliflower. 
Duke  of  Albany  Peas,  Canadian  Wonder  Beans,  PerfcC: 
tion  Tomalos,  International  Potato,  &c.  Mr.  Wane, 
gr.  to  the  Hon.  Col.  Talbot,  Esher,  was  a  close  2d,  in- 
deed it  was  a  near  chance  of  his  being  ist,  his  examples 
were  so  good  ;  he  had  handsome  Snowdrop  Potatos, 
fine  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflowers,  good  Stamfordian 
Potatos,  John  Bull  Peas.  &c.  Mr.  Haines,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Radnor,  Coleshill,  was  3d  ;  Mr.  T.  A.  Beckett, 
Penn,  4th  ;  and  Mr.  Neighbour,  Bickley  Park,  5th— 
this  last  exhibitor  had  the  best  samples  of  Sutton's  AU 
Heart  and  Eariiest  of  AU  Savoy  Cabbages,  very  white 
and  solid,  and  the  next  best  were  staged  by  Mr.  Osman, 
the  District  Schools,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

Fruit. 

A  very  fine  exhibition  of  eighteen  Smooth  Cayerine 
Pine-apples,  the  best  lot  seen  for  many  years  at  exhibi- 
tion tables,  was  sent  from  the  Castle  Hill  Gardens.  South 
Molton.  Devon  (gr.,  Mr.  R.  Nicholas).  Most  of  the 
fruits  were  quite  npe,  or  approaching  ripeness,  and  were 
free  externally  from  all  blemish,  the  weight  averaging 
6  lb.  each.     .\  Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  bestowed. 

Mr.  Faulkner,  Inkpen,  Hungerford,  showed  Rasp- 
berry Lord  Beaconsfield  ;  and  Mr.  Merryfield.  gr., 
Waldersham  Park,  Dover,  a  fine  looking  seedling  Rasp- 
berry, crimson  in  colour,  and  conical  in  shape. 

Seedling  Melons  were  shown  by  Mr.  Ross,  gr., 
WeUord  Park,  and  by  Mr.  Worseley. 


Present 
Messrs.  A.  Sutton,  J.  Willard,  S.  Lyon,  J.   Burnett, 


The  National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society 
(Southern  Section). 
The  annual  exhibition  of  Carnations  and  Picotees  took 
place  as  usual  in  the  conservatory,  and  notwithstanding 
that  the  weather  had  proved  excessively  hot  and  trying 
for  the  flowers,  striking  down  many  of  them  even  before 
they  could  oossibly  become  perfectly  develoyed,  yet  the 
representation  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  was  so  good 
as  to  excite  surprise  :  the  Carnations  shown  by  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  and  the  Picotees  by  Mr.  Douglas  were  very  fine, 
pure,  rich  in  colour,  full  and  massive.  The  bulk  of  the 
exhibition  was  smaller  than  usual,  but  those  con- 
nected with  the  management  of  the  exhibition  had 
much  reason  to  congratulate  themselves  on  the  success 
that  attended  their  efforts,  and  the  general  public  ap- 
peared to  be  greatly  interested  in  the  flowers  staged  for 
competition. 

Carnations. 
In  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms  of  Carnations,  not 
less  than  twelve  varieties,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nur- 
sery, Slough,  was  ist,  with  a  superb  lot  of  blooms,  large 
in  size,  of  fine  quality,  and  brilliantly  coloured.  The 
varieties  were  ; — Scarlet  bizarres  ;  Robert  Lord,  .'\rthur 
Medhurst,  and  Fred  ;  crimson  bizarres  :  Master  Ford, 
E.  S.  Dodwell,  H.  K.  Mayor,  William  Hewitt,  and  John 
Harland  ;  pink  and  purple  bizarres  :  Sir  Garnet  Wolse- 
ley,  Sarah  Payne,  James  Taylor,  and  William  Skirving  ; 
purple  flake  ;  James  Douglas  ;  scarlet  flakes :  John 
Ball  and  Henry  CanneU  ;  rose  flakes  :  Rob  Roy.  Jessica, 
and  Sybil,  2d,  Mr.  James  Douglas,  gr.  to  F.  Whlt- 
bourn,  Esq.,  Great  Cjearies,  Ilford,  with  S.B,,  Robert 
Lord,  Fred.  Joseph  Crossland,  Master  Stanley;  C.B., 
Master  Fred,  Samuel  Bariow  (DodweU)  ;  P.  and  P.B.. 
Sarah  Payne,  Moore's  No.  8,  Mrs.  Barlow  (DodweU), 
and  Miss  Gorton  (DodweU) ;  P.F.,  F.  Whitbourn, 
James  Douglas,  and  Florence  Nightingale  ;  S.P\,  Henry 
Cannell,  Seedhng  (Douglas),  and  Matador  ;  R.F.,  Sybil, 
Rob  Roy,  and  Seedling  No.  4.  3d,  Mr.  John  Hines. 
81,  Bransford  Road,  Ipswich  ;  4th,  Mr.  F.  Hooper,  Vine 
Nursery,  Widcombe  HiU,  Bath  ;  5th,  Mr.  T.  Garratt, 
South  Mill,  Bishops  Stortford. 

With  twelve  blooms,  dissimilar,  Mr.  Joseph  Lakin, 
Temple  Cowley,  Oxford,  was  ist,  with  S.B.,  Robert 
Lord,  Fred.  Rayner.  Johnson,  and  Admiral  Curzon  ; 
C.B..  Thomas  Moore;  P.P.B.,  Captain  Owen  (Dod- 
weU). and  Thomas  Austiss  (DodweU)  ;  P.F.,  Seedhng 
(DodweU),  James  Douglas,  and  Sarah  Payne  ;  and  R.F., 
Dolly  Varden  (DodweU).  2d.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with 
S.B.,  Admiral  Curzon,  Robert  Lord,  and  Joseph  Cross- 
land  ;  P..\B.,  WiUiam  Skirving,  Seedling,  Mrs.  Gorton, 
and  Sarah  Payne ;  P.F.,  Florence  Nightingale  and 
James  Douglas  ;  S.F..  Matador;  R.F..  Seedling.  3d, 
Mr.  J.  Buxton,  27.  Manor  Street.  Clapham,  whose  best 
flowers  were  S.B.,  John  Hines,  Edward  Adams;  P.F., 
James  Douglas;  P.P.B.,  Sarah  Payne;  R.F.,  Sybil; 
4th,  Mr.  John  Hines  ;  sth,  Mr.  T.  Garratt. 

The  best  six  blooms  came  from  Mr.  M.  Rowan, 
36.  Manor  Street,  Clapham,  with  S.B. ,  George  ;  P.P.B., 
WiUiam  Skirving  and  E.  S.  DodweU;  P.F,,  Florence 
Nightingale  ;  S.F.,  Clipper;  R.F.,  Jessica.  2d.  Mr. 
Thos.  Austiss:  S.B..  George  and  Robert  Lord;  C.B.. 
Harrison  Weir  ;  P.P.B.,  Sarah  Payne;  P.F.,  Florence 
Nightingale  ;  and  S.F.,  Henry  Cannell.  3d.  Hudson 
Morris,  Esq..  The  Nest.  Hayes,  Kent  (G.  Wynne,  gr), 
with  very  large  fuU  blooms  of  P.P.B.,  Sarah  Payne; 
S.F..  Jupiter  ;  R.F.,  Sybil;  and  P.F.,  Mayor  of  Not- 
tingham, Earl  of  Wilton,  and  Florence  Nightingale. 
4th.  A.  Spurling.  Esq.,  The  Nest,  Blackheath  ;  5th,  Mr. 
C.  Glasscock.  South  Street,  Bishop  Storford. 

Then  followed  five  prizes  irf  each  of  the  six  divisions 
into  which  the  Carnations  are  divided,  and  they  were 
awarded  as  foUows  :— S.B-,  ist,  Mr.  J.  Douglas  with 
Ar'thur  Medhurst,  and  2d  with   the  same  ;  3d  and  4th, 


Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Robert  Lord  ;  5th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
also  with  Robert  Lord.  C.B.,  ist,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with 
John  Harland  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  a  bright- 
coloured  Seedling  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Master  Fred; 
4th,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  the  same;  5ih,  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
with  Thomas  Austiss;  P.P.B.,  ist,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Sarah  Payne  ;  2d.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  WiUiam 
Skirving,  and  3d  with  the  same.  4th,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  James  Taylor.  5th,  Mr.  T.  Austiss.  with  Dr. 
Symonds.  P.F..  Mr.  C.  Turner  was  placed  ist  and  2d. 
with  James  Douglas  ;  and  Mr.  Douglas  was  3d  and  4th 
with  the  same-  A  flower  named  Sporting  Jack  was  sth, 
but  no  exhibitor's  name  was  attached  to  it.  S.F.,  ist, 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Matador  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
with  Henry  Cannell  ;  and  3d,  with  Sportsman.  4th, 
Mr.  Lakin,  with  Tom  Lord.  Dan  Godfrey  was  5th, 
without  an  exhibitor's  name.  R.F.,  Mr.  C.  Turner  was 
ist  and  2d,  with  Rob  Roy.  Mr.  Douglas  was  3d 
and  4th  with  the  same  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Lakin  sth,  with 
Sybil.  The  Premier  Carnation  was  S.F.  Rob  Roy,  a 
magnificent  flower  in  Mr.  Turner's  ist  prize  stand  of 
twenty-four  varieties. 

Picotees. 
Turning  to  the  Picotees,  Mr.  Douglas  was  placed  rst, 
with  a  fine  stand  of  twenty-four  blooms,  not  less  than 
twelve  dissimilar  varieties,  remarkable  for  the  purity  of  the 
blooms,  and  their  finely  formed  petals,  having  red-edged 
Mrs.  Bower,  Mrs.  Gorton,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  Violet 
Douglas.  Purple-edged,  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts,  Her 
Majesty,  Jessie.  Mrs.  .\.  Chancellor,  and  Muriel.  Rose- 
edged,  Constance  Heron,  Mrs.  Payne  and  Royal  Visit  ; 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  very  large  and  full-flowered, 
but  lacking  the  refinement  found  in  those  forming 
Mr.  Douglas'  stand,  his  varieties  being  Juliette,  Mrs. 
Bower,  Her  Majesty,  Thomas  William,  a  lovely  light 
purple-edge.  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts,  Muriel,  Dr.  Epps. 
Robert  Scott,  Favourite,  Lucy,  Erunnette,  Dr.  Aber- 
crombie,  Constance  Heron,  Mrs.  F.  Ricardo,  and  seed- 
lings. 3d,  Mr.  John  Hines,  whose  best  flowers  were 
Clara  Penson,  John  Smith,  Edith  D'Ombrain,  Mrs. 
Bower,  Lady  Louisa,  Royal  Visit,  and  Mrs.  Horner. 
4th,  Mr.  F.  Hooper,  Bath.  Mr,  Douglas  had  the  best 
twelve  varieties,  also  staging  Brunnette,  Princess  of 
Wales,  Violet  Douglas,  Liddingstone  Favourite, 
Jessie,  Mrs.  Payne.  Her  Majesty,  Constance 
Heron,  Miss  Wood,  Zerlina,  and  Mrs.  Gorton. 
2d,  Mr.  Joseph  Lakin,  with  Premier,  Constance 
Heron.  Jessie.  Brunnette,  Mrs.  Payne,  John  Smith,  Mrs. 
Rudd,  Favourite.  Clara  Penson.  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor. 
Thomas  WiUiam,  and  Royal  Visit.  3d,  Mr.  John  Hines. 
4th,  Mr.  J.  Buxton  ;  5th,  Mr.  T.  Garratt. 

Mr.  T.' .Austiss,  Brill,  had  the  best  six  blooms,  staging 
John  Smith,  Liddingstone  Favourite,  Purple  Prince, 
Mary,  Clara  Penson,'and  Mrs.  Bower ;  2d,  Mr.  M.  Rowan, 
with  Dr.  Epps,  Nellie,  Muriel,  Clara  Penson,  Edith 
D'Ombrain,  and  Thomas  William  ;  3d.  Mr.  C.  Glasscock; 
4th,  Mr.  H.  Cattley,  16,  Cavendish  Buildings,  Bath  ;  5th, 
Mr.  H.  Startrip,  3,  Stanley  Road,  Bromley. 

In  the  classes  tor  single  flowers  in  each  division,  the 
awards  were— Heavy  red  edge  :  ist,  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
with  Brunnette,  and  2d  with  Princess  of  Wales  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Sanders,  with  Dr.  Epps  ;  4th,  the  same  with  J.  B. 
Bryant  ;  5th,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Brunnette.  Light  red 
edge  :  ist  and  2d,  Mr,  J.  Douglas,  with  Thomas  Wil- 
liam ;  Mr.  C.  Turner  3d,  with  the  same  ;  4th,  Mr. 
Rowan,  with  the  same  ;  5th,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  wilh  Violet 
Douglas.  Heavy  purple  edge  :  ist,  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
with  Muriel  ;  2d  and  3d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  the  same  ; 
4th,  Mr.  J,  Douglas,  with  Chancellor  ;  s'h,  Mr.  Sanders, 
with  ZerUna.  Light  purple  edge  :  ist  and  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Douglas,  with  Her  Majesty  ;  3d  and 4th,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  JiUiette  ;  5th,  Mr.  Sanders,  with  Her  Majesty. 
Heavy  rose  edge  :  ist,  Mr.  Hines,  with  Edith  D'Ombrain  ; 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  seedling  ;  and  3d,  with  Mrs. 
Payne  ;  4th,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Mrs.  Payne;  and  5th, 
with  Constance  Heron.  Light  rose  edge  :  ist,  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  with  Liddingstone  Favourite ;  and  2d,  with 
Lucy  ;  3d  and  4th,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Liddingstone 
Favourite  ;  %\>r\,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Empress  Eugi5nie. 
The  premier  Picotee  was  Liddingstone  Favourite,  light 
rose-red,  in  Mr.  J.  Douglas'  ist  prize  stand  of  twelve 
varieties. 


New  Carnations  and  Picotees. 
In  the  classes  for  seedUngs  in  the  C.B.  division  Mr.  J. 
Douglas  was  ist.  with  Rosamond,  very  bright,  stout  in 
texture,  good  petal,  and  full  ;  and  a  First-cIass  Certificate 
of  Merit  was  also  awarded  to  it.  In  the  P.  P.  B.  division 
Mr.  Douglas  was  ist,  with  Grace,  a  fuU  bright-looking 
flower,  of  excellent  quahty  ;  and  a  First-class  Certificate 
of  Merit  was  also  awarded  to  it.  In  the  rose  flake  divi- 
sion  Mr.  Douglas  was  1st.  with  Margaret,  a  good  addi- 
tion to  this  class  ;  and  a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit 
was  also  awarded  ;  and  he  was  ad,  with  Thalia.  In  the 
division  for  light  red  edged  Picotees  Mr.  Douglas  was 
also  ist,  with  Dr.  Horner,  a  seedling  of  the  Rev.  F.  D. 
Horner,  a  stout  fine  petalled  variety,  with  a  wire  edge  of 
bright  rose  ;  also  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  of 
Merit. 

Selfs,  Fancies,  and  Yellow  Grounds. 
What  a  briUiant  and  pleasing  display  these  made ; 
and  the  public  gathered  about  the  stands  as  if  highly 
delighted  with  their  gay  and  effective  colours.  Mr. 
Turner  had  the  best  twenty-four,  not  less  than  twelve 
dissimilar  varieties,  consisting  of  fine  blooms  of  The 
Governor,  Harry  Matthews,  Edith,  Jupiter,  Grandifli 
Colonel  Ward,  Princess  of  Battenberg,  'Wiliiain  Skirving, 
Lady  Stamford,  Rosa  Bonheur,  Cento  d'Orion,  Guards 
man,  Robert  Lord,  Polly  Cheetham,  Florence,  Janira, 
Mrs.  Logan,  E.  Adams,  Mary  Morris,  and  Chromatella. 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  a  very  good  lot  also,  consisting 
of  Fire  King,  John  Keet,  Florence,  Princess  of  Batten- 
berg, Sport,  Edith,  Rosy  Morn,  Negro,  Juliet,  and 
Fancy.     The  great  variety  seen  in  the  character  of  the 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


153 


flowers  was  most  marked  in  these  stands,  and  especially 
Ihat  irom  Slough.  3d,  Mr.  T.  Hooper  ;  4th,  Mr.  H. 
Catlley  ;  5th,  Mr.  G.  Meddick,  florist,  Bath. 

Mr.  T.  Lakin  had  the  best  twelve,  staging  some 
superb  flowers,  consisting  of  Sir  Toby  Belch,  very  fine, 
crimson  flaked  with  black  ;  Queen.  John  Soper.  Mrs.  A. 
Medhurst,  Mrs.  Mostyn,  Dean  Ward,  Hudson  Morris, 
Mrs.  H.  Morris,  Ruby,  May.  and  a  seedling.  2d,  Mr. 
Hudson  Morris,  Hayes  ;  3d,  Mr.  Thomas  Austiss,  Brill  ; 
4lh,  Mr.  A.  Sparking.  This  collection  contained  a  very 
beautiful  unnamed  yellow  seedling.  5ih,  Mr.  W. 
Meddick. 

Mr.  Turner  had  the  best  twelve  blooms  of  yellow- 
ground  Picotees,  the  flowers  large  and  very  full,  and  of 
striking  quahty.  the  sorts  Prince  of  Orange,  Mrs. 
Colman.  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  Dove,  Lady  M.  Lascelles, 
Princess  Margaret,  Mazzini,  and  Princess  Beatrice.  2d, 
Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  fine  blooms  of  Daphne,  Clio, 
Euphrosyne,  Janira,  Lightning,  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  and 
Queen  Margaret.  3d,  Mr.  H.  Catlley  ;  4th,  Mr.  F. 
Hooper. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

The  best  nine  of  these  came  from  Mr.  C.  Turner,  who 
had  well  grown  and  flowered  plants  of  Favourite,  Miss 
Small,  Matador,  fuliana.  King  of  Yellows.  Jessica,  Miss 
F.  Rica-do,  Jupiter,  and  Lady  Stamford — a  collection 
representative  of  small  types  of  flowers.  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Douglas,  with  finely  grown  and  flowered  plants,  he  being 
the  only  other  exhibitor.  We  were  pleased  to  see  that 
the  throttling  horse-collars  were  dispensed  with  in  this 
section. 

There  were  several  valuable  honorary  contributions  of 
cut  blooms  of  Carnations,  Picotees,  and  Cloves.  Fore- 
most was  that  from  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  a 
Carnation  and  Picotee  Show  in  itself,  and  a  very  instruc- 
tive one  too.  There  were  eight  boxes  of  flowers,  two 
each  of  Carnations  and  Picotees,  and  four  of  Cloves. 
Among  the  former  were  fine  blooms  of  S.B.,  Harry 
Turner,  Admiral  Curzon,  True  Briton,  John  Hines, 
George,  Robert  Lord,  Charles  Turner,  and  John  Bur- 
nett ;  C.B.,  Gracilis,  John  Harland,  A.  D.  Southgate, 
and  Harrison  Weir;  P.  and  P.B.,  Princess  Beatrice, 
Squire  Llewellyn,  and  William  Skirving  ;  P.F.,  Ada. 
Ajax.  Earl  of  Wilton,  Purple  Prince,  and  Juno  ;  S.F., 
Lord  Lyons,  Flirt,  John  Ball,  and  Jupiter;  R.F., 
Jessica,  Lord  Chelmsford,  Rose  of  Stapleford.  and 
Sybil.  Picotees  :  Red  edge  :  Dr.  Epps,  Ensign,  Hilda, 
Lothair,  Mrs.  Fuller,  Mrs.  Keynes,  Picturata,  and 
Queen  of  Summer.  Purple  edge  :  Alice.  Baroness 
Burdett-Coutts,  Mary,  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor,  Mrs. 
H.  Hooper,  and  Princess  Dagmar.  Rose  edged  : 
Edith  D'Ombrain.'Lady  Boston,  Louisa,  Miss  Gibbs,  Mr. 
Payne,  Mrs.  Rayner.  Mr.  Webb,  and  Royal  Visit. 
The  Clove  and  fancy  flowers  comprised  a  large  repre- 
sentation of  the  best  varieties.  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale 
Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  had  stands  of  cut  blooms, 
and  also  two  boxes  of  bunches  of  Cloves  and  Picotees, 
including  some  pretty  varieties.  This  was  a  novel  in- 
novation, and  should  be  more  fully  recognised  by  the 
Society  in  the  future  ;  Mr,  H.  Cannell  also  had  some 
cut  blooms;  and  Mr.  Toly,  of  3,  St.  Mark's  Grove, 
Chelsea,  had  a  collection  of  Cloves  grown  in  his  garden. 

It  would  greatly  assist  the  instructive  value  of  this 
exhibition  if,  in  the  future,  it  were  made  compulsory  th;-t 
in  naming  the  flowers  the  class,  such  as  C.B.  or  S.F.. 
&c.,  should  be  set  forth,  and  also  the  division  to  which 
the  Picotees  belong.  Those  whose  business  it  is  to  report 
the  show  would  be  grateful  also,  as  it  would  prove  an 
invaluable  aid  in  preparing  a  rapid  and  accurate  report. 


NEWCASTLE    HORTICULTURAL    AND 
BOTANICAL  :  July  22-24. 

This  important  exhibition  was  held  at  Leazes  Park 
in  a  large  marquee  that  consisted  of  three  large 
spans,  and  usually  used  for  the  exhibits  in  former 
years.  The  show  was  perhaps  the  finest  ever  held 
in  the  North  of  England,  and  reflected  the  greatest 
credit  upon  the  committee,  who  have  been  working 
heavily  handicapped  by  not  having  the  support  they 
deserved  from  the  influential  bodies  ot  canny  New- 
castle. They  have,  however,  struggled  well,  and  through 
offering  good  prizes  have  had  the  desired  effect  of  greatly 
increasing  the  exhibits.  The  weather  was  all  that  could 
be  desired,  and  the  company  numerous,  so  that  the 
Society  is  enabled  to  clear  off  the  debt  that  had  accrued 
from  former  exhibitions,  and  to  place  themselves  in  a 
solvent  position. 

For  eight  plants  in  bloom,  dissimilar,  the  ist  prize 
was  awarded  to  Henry  Johnstone,  gr.,  Polam  Hall, 
Darlington,  with  grand  examples  of  high  cultivation, 
showing  three  plants  of  Ixoras,  one  of  which  was  a 
marvel  ot  good  culture,  and  was  bloomed  on  every 
point,  but  which  is  not  yet  at  its  best.  His  other  plants 
consisted  ot  Clerodendrons.  Allamandas,  Ericas.  Statices, 
Bougainvillea ,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cypher,  with  a  fine,  vigor- 
ous lot,  quite  up  to  his  usual  form,  his  best  examples 
being  Erica  Parmentieri  and  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
beautifully  flowered,  which  was  greatly  admired  ;  Mr. 
Armstrong,  of  Newcastle,  was  3d,  with  a  fine,  clean  lot 
of  smaller  plants,  but  finely  flowered  ;  Mr.  Methven 
being  4th. 

Eight  foliage  plants. — Mr.  Hammond  was  easily  ist, 
with  a  grand  lot,  in  which  were  three  fine  Crolons,  two 
Palms,  a  fine  Dicksonia  antarciica,  a  Macrozamia  sp  , 
and  a  Dicksonia,  all  perfect  examples  ;  Mr.  Methven 
was  placed  2d,  his  best  plant  being  a  Cycas  revoluta, 
which  was  greatly  admired,  his  other  plants  being  smaller, 
but  showing  good  cultivation  ;  3d,  Mr.  Cypher,  with  a 
fine  lot  of  young  plants  scarcely  second  to  the  other. 

Groups  of  Miscellaneous  Plants. 

These  were  arranged  for  effect,  not  exceeding  20  feet 


by  10  feet,  placed  on  the  ground.  The  ist  prize  was 
gained  by  Mr.  Hammond,  whose  group  was  so  attractive 
as  to  compel  attention  at  some  distance.  His  Crotons 
were  beautifully  coloured,  and  stood  along  with  the 
other  plants,  on  a  groundwork  of  Maidenhair  Ferns 
edged  with  Panicum  variegatum.  Mr.  Mclntyre,  gr. , 
Huiton  Hall,  was  2d,  his  plants  being  remarkably  good, 
but  the  design  somewhat  marred  by  his  using  too  many 
Adiantums  and  by  placing  his  flowering  plants  too 
thickly  together,  although  the  latter  were  preferable  to 
the  first  lot.  Clark  &  Brothers,  of  Carlisle,  were  3d.  with 
a  fine  lot  of  young  plants,  healthy  and  clean,  but  staged 
with  but  small  effect. 

Messrs.  WjUiam  Fell  &  Co.,  He.vham,  occupied  con- 
siderable space  with  their  table  of  exhibits,  being  very 
tastefully  arranged.  Cut  Roses  were  well  represented, 
also  cut  herbaceous  spikes  ;  Conifers,  in  pots,  in  great 
viriety,  and -also  a  good  cjpllection  of  stove  and  green- 
house plants.  Altogether  this  coUec'ion  was  very  at- 
tractive. 

Six  Orchids.  —  Mr.  Cypher.  Cheltenham,  took  ist 
prize  with  a  fine  even  lot,  but  there  was  no  competition. 

Six  e.votic  Ferns. — 1st,  Mr.  Jofinstone;  2d,  Mr.  Ham- 
mond ;  3d,  J.  Noble.  All  showed  finely  grown  and 
clean  plants  in  this  class,  but  the  former  easily  gained 
the  ist  place. 

Three  Crolons. — ist,  Mr.  Mclntyre,  of  Darlington, 
his  plants  being  Warrenii;  2d, Mr.  Hammond, 'with  smaller 
plants  that  were  much  brighter.  One  of  his  plants,  a 
seedling  called  Hammondii,  received  a  Certificate  of 
Merit  from  the  judges  :  it  is  a  very  distinct  kind,  and 
although  there  are  plenty  of  Crotons.  this  will  not  fail  to 
take  a  Iront  place  on  the  exhibition  table. 

Three  Dracaenas. — ist,  Mr.  Noble,  with  coloured 
plants  :  2d,  H.  Johnstone. 

Six  tuberous-rooted  Begonias. — ist,  J.  Noble;  2d,  A. 
Methven;  3d,  J.  Garret,  with  small  plants,  but  finely 
bloomed. 

Four  Ericas.  —  ist,  Mr.  Cypher,  who  was  a  long  way 
in  advance  of  the  other  competitors  ;  2d,  Mr.  Metliven  ; 
3d,  Mr,  B.  Thompson. 

Twelve  pans  of  bedding  plants. — 1st,  Mr.  Methven  ; 
2d.  Mr.  J.  Mclntyre  ;  3d.  Mr.  J.  Richardson. 

For  rock-plants  and  Sempervivums,  Mr.  J.  Richard- 
son was  ist  for  both  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Mclntyre  ;  3d,  Mr.  H. 
lohnstone. 

In  the  division  open  to  all.  nurserymen  excepted.  Mr. 
Letts  was  placed  ist  for  six  plants  in  bloom,  which  took 
the  Veitch  Memorial  Medal,  and  justly,  as  being  the 
best  in  the  show.  His  plants  were  the  same  as  he  exhi- 
bited at  York — the  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  showed 
with  a  hundred  spaihes  on  it  looking  better  than  it  did 
then.  Mr.  Letts  was  also  placed  ist  for  foliage  plants, 
which  were  grand  examples,  of  great  vigour 

The  exhibition  of  Roses  was  very  large,  and  brought 
flowers  from  all  parts  of  England.  As  Rose  growers, 
Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  of  Bedale,  took  a  leading 
position,  although  the  competition  was  keen  in  all  classes. 
They  were  placed  ist  in  the  forty-eight  and  thirty-six 
varieties,  in  which  Mr.  Whilwell  was  placed  2d. 

The  superiority  of  the  best  stands  was  evident  at  the 
first  glance,  and  mistakes  were  all  but  impossible  on  the 
part  of  the  judges. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  were  not  only  numerous  but  very  fine,  and  were 
freely  commented  on,  as  the  like  had  not  been  seen  in 
the  North  at  any  previous  show. 

Fkuit. 

Eight  dishes.  —  ist,  Mr.  J.  Edmonds.  Bestwood  Lodge  ; 
his  Black  Hamburghs  were  fairiy  good,  but  were  lacking 
in  colour,  as  also  were  his  Muscats,  that  were  also  a 
little  under-ripe,  but  fine  in  bunch.  For  very  good 
Peaches,  a  good  Queen  (fine).  Melons,  Figs,  and  Cherries, 
and  very  choice  Elruge  Nectarines,  the  2d  lell  to  Mr. 
Methven. 

Four  dishes, — The  ist  prize  fell  to  Mr.  J.  Edmonds, 
with  Mr.  Jenkins  as  a  very  near  2d. 

Four  bunches  of  Grapes.— ist,  E.  Douglas,  Derwent 
Lodge,  Cockermouth  ;  and  Mr.  Thompson,  Dumfries, 
was  2d  with  good  fruit.  The  ist  prize  for  Muscats  was 
also  gained  by  Mr.  Douglas,  and  upon  the  whole  he 
exhibited  the  finest  Grapes  in  the  show. 

Grapes  in  pots.  Pine-apples,  Melons,  and  small  fruit 
were  exhibited  in  great  profusion,  the  prizes  mostly 
falling  to  growers  in  the  locality  of  the  town  of  New- 
castle. 

Hardy  Ferns.  Fuchsias,  Coleus,  Carnations,  Picotees, 
and  Pmks  formed  a  large  section  of  the  exhibits  staged 
in  the  amateur  classes.    J.  H. 


NOTTS     HORTICULTURAL     AND 
BOTANICAL:    July  23-25. 

Starting  in  comparatively  recent  years  thii  Society 
has  by  leaps  and  bounds  come  to  the  front  as  a  body 
which  promotes  to  the  fullest  degree  the  art  and  science 
of  gardening,  and  as  one  which  promotes  far  and  away 
the  finest  show  which  is  to  be  seen  in  the  midland 
counties.  This  year  the  exhibition  was  again  held  in  the 
grounds  of  Mapperley  Park,  which  Alderman  Lambert 
hid  once  more  lent  for  the  three  days  of  its  duration,  but 
this  year  the  weather  was  more  favourable  than  was  the 
case  twelve  months  ago,  when  thunder,  lightning,  and 
all  sorts  of  weather  made  the  venture  anything  but  a 
financial  success.  The  arrangements  were  somewhat 
altered  from  those  of  last  year,  and  altered  greatly  for 
the  better.  The  entrance  was  placed  nearer  to  Notting- 
ham than  was  then  the  case,  and  in  other  respects 
visitors  found  improvements.  The  exhibits  were  staged 
in  five  large  marquees,  and  all  were  shown  to  the  best 
advantage.  The  progress  which  the  Society  has  made 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  there  were  730  entries  against 


484  last  year,  while  nearly  600  people  subscribed  instead 
of  300  at  that  time.  Since  the  last  show,  on  the 
other  hand,  a  great  loss  has  been  sustained  by 
the  Society,  Mr.  Don,  who  for  so  long  was  one 
of  the  hon.  secretaries,  has  died,  and  his  place  it  has 
been  hard  to  fill.  Nevertheless,  the  arrangements  were 
satisfactorily  carried  out  by  Mr.  Steward,  the  present  hon. 
secretary,  to  whom  a  large  share  of  the  success  is  due. 

The  principal  feature  once  more  was  the  exhibition  of 
groups  staged  for  effect.  To  the  groups  staged  on  a 
200  square  feet  base  nearly  the  whole  of  one  tent  was 
devoted,  and  five  wonderfully  effective  masses  of  bloom 
and  foliage  were  the  result.  Each  exhibit  was  very  good, 
and  as  to  the  merits  of  some  of  them  there  may  be  some 
difference,  but  it  is  quite  certain  that  Mr.  Thacker's  was 
the  best.  A  magnificent  Seaforthia  elegans,  which 
towered  almost  to  the  top  of  the  tent,  formed  the  centre- 
piece of  his  group.  Ranged  around  were  other  graceful 
Palms,  and  plants  of  Lilium  auratum,  Crotons,  and 
Dracn=?nas  helped  to  make'up  a  group  which  it  would  b3 
hard  to  equal.  Mr.  Edmonds,  the  gardener  at  Best- 
wood,  was  a  very  good  2d,  with  a  display  in  which 
Palms,  Dracaenas,  Crotons,  and  Eucharis  amazonica 
were  prominent.  The  finest  lot  of  stuff,  no  doubt,  was 
to  be  seen  in  the  third  group,  that  ol  Lady  Ossington, 
but  the  arrangement  was  somewhat  heavy.  The  other 
two  groups  were  exceedingly  meritorious,  as  were  all  the 
exhibits  in  class  2,  where  a  space  of  only  100  square  feet 
was  allowed.  A  tasteful  arrangement,  in  which  Pitcher- 
plants  and  Lilium  auratum,  with  Seaforthia  elegans  in 
the  background,  showed  to  advantage,  was  placed  1st, 
but  Mr.  Cutts  exhibit  ran  it  very  closely.  A  nice  lot  ol 
plants  sent  by  Colonel  Seeley  were  so  put  together  as  to 
look  rather  heavy.  "* 

Roses. 

Roses  were  only  of  middling  quality  throughout,  the 
best  being  the  thirty-six  shown  by  Mr.  H.  Fretiingham, 
in  which  a  La  France,  a  Paul  Neyron,  and  a  Dr.  Andr^, 
were  the  best  blooms.  Mr.  Hallam  and  Mr.  Howe  were 
placed  equal  in  the  class  for  twenty-four  Roses,  and  Mr. 
J.  N.  Radford  had  on  exhibition  the  best  twelve.  Out 
of  this  last-named  lot  came  the  premier  bloom  of  the 
show — a  magnificent  Horace  Vernet.  Among  the  most 
noticeable  features  in  the  classes  for  cut  flowers  were  the 
bouquets.  The  best  bridal  bouquet  was  a  very  tasteful 
arrangement  of  Niphetos  Roses,  Eucharis,  aad  Ste- 
phanotis, relieved  by  Adiantum  cuneatum.  Stephano- 
tis, Tuberoses,  Pinks,  and  Carnations,  were  the  prin- 
cipal blossoms  in  the  best  hand-bouquet  shown,  that  of 
Mr.  Chard,  and  a  wonderfully  pretty  nosegay  of  Roses 
and  Ferns  was  composed  of  Maidenhair,  Maiechal  Niel, 
and  Niphetos  Roses.  Centre-pieces,  sprays  for  ladies' 
dresses,  and  buttonhole  bouquets,  were  all  put  together 
with  taste,  and  the  remainder  of  the  plants  and  flowers 
were  all  well  worthy  of  attention.  The  fruit  was  credit- 
abln,  the  stands  of  Strawberries,  Raspberries,  Grapes, 
Peaches,  and  Melons,  being  among  the  best. 

Vegetables. 
These  were  not  so  fine  as  in  former  years,  but  the 
competition  was  very  lively.  A  number  of  special  prizes 
were  given.  Among  them  were  those  for  the  best 
dinner  table  decoration.  Here  the  popular  verdict  cer- 
tainly did  not  go  with  that  of  the  judges.  The  arrangement 
to  which  the  3d  prize  was  awarded— a  beautifully  light 
one — was  far  better  than  that  which  was  placed  ist — 
indeed,  it  was  a  question  whether  the  4th  was  not.  The 
2d  was  a  nice  bit  of  decoration,  but  was  not  improved 
by  a  rather  too  heavy  centre.  A  side  table  display  of 
flowers,  plants,  and  fruit  brought  out  a  number  of  groups, 
of  which  the  best  was  a  neat  display  arranged  on  a 
groundwork  of  moss  and  Ferns. 

Cut  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Flowers. 

Here  Lady  Ossington  was  again  ist.  Colonel  Seeley, 
2d.  Herbaceous  flowers  were  well  shown.  The  ist  was 
easily  taken  by  Messrs.  Pearson  &  Son,  Chilwell,  for  a 
grand  lot.  Some  firit-rale  things  were  well  arranged 
in  this  collection. 

Orchids  where  poorly  represented,  as  were  also  Pelar- 
goniums, Fuchsias.  Petunias,  &c. 

MlSCELLANEOU--^. 

There  were  not  many  plants  sent  for  exhibition, 
but  what  there  were  were  very  good.  Some  very  fine 
Ferns,  Palms,  and  exotic  plants  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Williams,  of  London,  and  by  Mr.  Harvey,  of  the 
BIyth  Street  nurseries.  The  latter  gentleman  also 
had  on  view  several  wonderfully  good  pyramidal  8-foot 
Bays.  Messrs.  Pearson  &  Son,  of  Chilwell,  also  showed 
a  miscellaneous  collection  ot  Ferns,  stove  and  green- 
house plants,  a  beautiful  cross  and  two  wreaths,  being 
designs  for  funeral  work.  There  were  also  a  number  of 
exhibits  of  garden  furniture,  &c. 


STAMFORD     HORTICULTURAL. 

An  attempt  was  made  last  year  to  revive  the  once 
celebrated  Stamford  show,  which  was  only  partially  suc- 
cessful, and  barely  cleared  the  expenses  incurred  owing 
to  unfavourable  weather,  but  still  the  committee  resolved 
to  try  again,  and  this  time  with  more  success.  The  day 
opened  veryunpromisingly,  but  eventually  cleared  off  fine, 
and  brought  a  good  attendance  of  visitors  who  appeared 
to  enjoy  the  sight  very  much  ;  and  as  the  competition 
was  quite  in  proportion  to  the  prizes  offered,  we  may 
reasonably  hope  ere  long  Stamford  show  will  regain  its 
former  usefulness. 

In  the  open  class  the  chief  prize  offered  was  for  a 
group  ol  plants  arranged  for  effect,  which  brought  four 
exhibits.  Mr.  Wilson,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Lindsay,  was 
awarded  ist  prize;  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Brown,  of  Stamford, 
2d  for  a  very  compact  and  closely  packed  clump  ;    Mr. 


154 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  i8 


Winn,  gr.  to  J.  R.  Lowe,  Esq.,  3d  ;  the  other  group 
was  staged  by  Mr.  Divers,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Hopwood,  Esq., 
Ketton  Hall,  and  although  it  was  more  natural  in  ap- 
pearance was  deficient  in  colour. 

For  six  Coleus,  Mr.  Wilson  also  took  ist  prize  ;  Mr. 
Winn  2d,  with  better  grown  and  richer  coloured  plants, 
but  more  flat  in  appearance. 

For  six  table  plants  Mr.  Taylor  was  ist,  Mr.  Wilson 
2d  :  good  useful  things  were  shown. 

Six  greeniiouse  or  stove  Ferns  only  brought  two  col- 
lections. Mr.  Divers  was  an  easy  ist  ;  Mr.  Winn  2d  ; 
some  nice  little  Fuchsias  and  IVlargoniums  were  shown. 

For  cut  flowers,  Messrs.  Brown  took  no  less  than  ten 
ist  prizes. 

Mr.  House,  of  Peterborough,  obtained  ist  prize  for 
thirty-six  Roses,  without  any  opposition,  and  for  twenty- 
four  blooms  Messrs.  Brown,  of  Stamford,  were  ist ;  Mr. 
Wilson,  2d.  Considering  the  hot  dry  weather  in  this 
district  the  Roses  were  very  good. 

The  chief  prize  for  fruit  was  for  a  collection  of  eight 
varieties,  which  only  brought  one  exhibitor,  Mr.  Divers, 
who  showed  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Governor  Wood 
and  Early  Rivers  Cherries,  Lord  Sufileld  Apples,  Elruge 
Nectarines,  Charlotte  Rothschild  Pme,  Early  Albert 
Peaches,  and  Sir  J.  Paxton  Strawberries.  For  Grapes, 
Mr.  Gilbert  had  an,  easy  victory,  taking  ist  for  black 
with  some  good  Hamburghs,  and  for  white  with  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  Some  splendid  Strawberries  were  shown 
notwithstanding  the  dry  season— Mr.  Wilson  taking 
ist  prizes  for  one  dish,  and  also  for  four  ;  the  best  in  ap- 
pearance were  Oxonian  from  Burghley,  which  were 
placed  2d,  the  1st  dish  being  Dr.  Hogg.  Mr.  Wilson 
also  took  1st  prize  for  Nectarines.  Mr.  Gilbert  was  ist 
for  Peaches,  and  Mr.  Divers  2d  in  both  classes. 

As  might  be  anticipated  Mr.  Gilbert  was  easily  ist, 
with  a  collection  of  ten  varieties  of  vegetables,  he  showed 
a  remarkably  fresh  and  healthy  looking  lot. 

One  good  feature  of  the  schedule  was  the  way  in 
which  the  exhibitors  were  divided  into  classes  so  as  to 
give  all  a  chance  as  far  as  possible.  In  class  B,  for  per- 
sons not  employing  more  than  one  gardener,  some  good 
things  were  shown  by  Mr.  Pridmore,  gr.  to  Miss 
Thompson  ;  Mr.  Taylor,  gr.  to  J.  Richardson,  Esq.,  and 
others.  Roses  in  this  class  were  very  good.  Mr.  Dun- 
comb,  of  Stamford,  and  Mr.  Canner,  of  Empingham, 
being  the  chief  exhibitors. 

Vegetables  were  well  shown  in  the  cottagers'  tent,  and 
to  judge  from  the  Tripoli  Onions  shown  it  must  have 
been  a  very  favourable  season  for  them,  the  judges  being 
unable  to  tlecide  the  3d  prize  among  eleven  colUeclions, 
awarded  a  prize  to  each.  {A  Corra-pondent). 


WINCHESTER     HORTICULTURAL  ; 
July  16. 

The  second  show  of  the  above  Society  was  held  in 
Kingsgate  Park,  and  was  a  decided  success  from  a 
horticultural  point  of  view.  The  committee  deserved 
the  well-earned  reward  of  their  endeavours,  having  used 
great  exertions  to  make  the  show  one  of  the  best  in  the 
South  of  England.  Special  inducements  were  oftered 
this  time  in  the  larger  plant  classes,  which  had  the 
desired  effect,  for  these  were  well  filled  with  some  of 
the  best  specimens  in  the  country,  as  may  be  imagined 
when  such  exhibitors  as  Messrs.  Cypher,  Mould,  and 
]ames  entered  the  lists,  not  forgetling  a  local  grower 
(Mr.  Wills),  who  ran.  Mr.  Cypher  hard  in  one  class  for 
ist  honours.  Roses  were  a  strong  feature  of  the  show, 
and  were  well  staged,  a  matter  prominently  brought  out 
in  the  amateurs'  classes.  Fruit  was  well  represented  in 
so  far  as  regarded  quality  if  not  in  very  large  quantity. 
Noticeable  in  this  section  of  the  show  was  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  nineteen  dishes,  not  for  competition,  staged  by 
Mr.  W.  Wildsmith,  gr.  to  Lord  Eversley,  Heckfield 
Place,  Winchfield,  consisting  of  fine  Black  Hamburgh 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  the  latter  requiring 
a  little  more  colour  to  make  them  quite  perfect.  Queen 
Pines,  excellent  Brown  Turkey  Figs.  Hero  of  Lockinge 
Melon,  and  good  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Strawberries. 
A  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  the  exhibitor. 

Table  decorations  were,  as  they  always  are  at  Win- 
Chester,  well  done  and  much  admired. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Pl-\nts. 

For  twelve  distinct  varieties,  not  less  than  six  varieties 
in  bloom.— Mr.  J.  Cypher,  nurseryman,  Cheltenham, 
easily  gained  first  honours  with  a  very  fine  collection 
staged  in  his  well  known  form.  He  had  Cycas  circinalis  in 
good  health,  Latania  borbonica,  a  magnificent  plant; 
Cycas  revoluta,  Kentia  australis,  Croton  Johannis,  well 
coloured  ;  Dasylirion  acrotrichum.  Ihe  flowering 
plants  consisted  of  a  fine  piece  of  Ixora  Pilgrimii,  I.  re- 
gina,  with  large  trusses  of  flower  ;  Stephanotis  flori- 
bunda,  freely  flowered  ;  Erica  ferruginea  and  E.  major, 
the  latter  very  fresh  ;  AUamanda  Henderson!,  and  An- 
thurium  Scherzerianum.  2d,  Mr.  F.  J.  Mould,  nur- 
seryman, Pewsey,  Wilts,  who  had  good  plants  of  Erica 
insignis,  E.  Fairieana,  E.  Kingscotliana,  Ixora  Colei, 
and  I.  regina.  Mr.  H.  James,  Castle  Nursery,  Lower 
Norwood,  and  Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The 
Firs,  Basselt,  Southampton  ;  the  former  had  Erica  fer- 
ruginea, good,  and  a  well  bloomed  plant  of  Kalosanthes  ; 
the  latter  had  Latania  borbonica  in  fine  condition, 
Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  fresh,  and  a  well  bloomed 
plant  of  Cypripedium  barbatum  majus. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  Mr.  Cypher  was 
again  placed  in  the  premier  position  with  handsome  plants 
ol  Kentia  Fosteriana,  Croton  Johannis,  Erica  Parmen- 
tieriana,  the  latter  a  very  good  e.xample  ;  Mr.  Wills  was 
a  close  2d,  having  a  very  healthy  plant  of  Cycas  revo- 
luta, particularly  good  coloured  and  freely  bloomed 
specimen  of  Phojnoconia  prohfera  Barnesii,  and  Erica 
Parmentieriana  rosea. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  amateurs,  Mr. 


Molyneux,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.,  Swanmore  Park, 
Bishops  Waltham,  was  ist,  with  handsome  plants  of 
.\locasia  macrorhiza  variegata,  Croton  Queen  Victoria, 
and  a  densely  bloomed  Bougainvillea  glabra. 

MiSCELL.'iNEOUS   GROUP   OF   PLANTS 

arranged  for  effect,  12  feet  by  10  feet. — Mr.  Wills  was  an 
easy  ist,  with  plants  well  adapted  for  Ihe  purpose,  lightly 
arranged,  the  colours  evenly  balanced  ;  2d,  ^lr.  E. 
HiUier,  nurseryman,  Winchester,  with  a  bright  group, 
slightly  overcrowded.  3d.  Mr.  H.  James  with  a  pleasing 
group,  except  in  one  or  two  places  where  the  pots  were 
too  plainly  seen.  For  single  specimen  store  or  green- 
house plant,  in  bloom,  Mr.  Hillier  was  ist  with  Erica 
Parmentieriana,  the  same  exhibitor  being  ist  with  Kentia 
Canterburyana.  Mr.  Wills  followed  with  Cocos  Wed- 
delliana.  Coleus,  Begonias,  Fuschias,  and  table  plants 
were  well  represented  in  their  respective  classes. 

Roses. 

Forty-eight  single  trusses  :  ist  prize,  a  piece  of  plate. — 
This  trophy  w.as  awarded  to  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Son, 
Salisbury,  for  a  bright  and  even  stand  of  not  large 
blooms.  The  following  were  some  ol  the  most  note- 
worthy : — Duke  of  Teck,  Louis  van  Houtte,  Niphetos, 
Alfred  Colomb,  and  A.  K.  Williams.  2d,  Mr.  Frank 
Cant,  Colchester  :  3d,  Mr.  B.  Cant,  Colchester. 

For  thirty-six  blooms,  distinct,  single  trusses,  Messrs. 
Keynes  &  Son  followed  up  their  previous  success  by 
taking  1st  prize  with  blooms  similar  to  those  in  the  ist 
prize  of  forty-eight  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Charles  Turner, 
The  Nurseries,  ^.lough  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  Cant. 

For  twenty-four  Roses,  distinct,  three  trusses. — ist, 
Messrs.  Keynes  &  Son  ;  2d,  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son, 
Broad  Street,  Bath  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

For  twelve  Teas,  distinct. — ist.  Mr.  Frank  Cant  ;  2d, 
Mr.  E.  Hillier  ;  3d,  Messrs.  G.  Cooling. 

For  twelve  single  trusses,  any  variety  hybrid  perpetual, 
dark.— ist,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  with  A.  K.  Williams  in  grand 
condition  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Keynes. 

For  same  number  ol  light  colour,  Mr.  B.  Cant  and 
Messrs.  Cooling  took  the  prizes  in  the  order  named. 

Roses  in  the  classes  devoted  to  amateurs  were  excel- 
lently shown  by  ihe  Rev.  J.  H.  Peniberton,  Harvering, 
Romford;  Mr.  Flight,  Cornstiles,  Twyford,  Winchester 
(gr.,  Mr.  Neville) ;  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  8,  Gay  Street,  Bath  ; 
and  Captain  Ramsay,  Fareham :  the  former  took  all  the 
leading  prizes,  staging  blooms  of  fine  substance  and 
colour. 

For  twelve  bunches  of  cut  flowers,  hardy  varieties,  Mr. 
Molyneux  was  1st  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Thompson,  gr.  to  W. 
Baring,  Esq.,  Salisbury ;  3d,  Mr.  Neville,  with  good 
stands. 

Fruit. 

Six  dishes,  distinct.— Mr.  J.  Budd,  gr.  to  F".  G.  Dal- 
gety,  Esq.,  Lockerly  Hall,  Romsey,  was  placed  ist  with 
good  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Ale.\andria  Grapes, 
fine  in  bunch  and  berry,  only  wanting  little  more  in 
colour  to  make  them  perfect  ;  a  good  Queen  Pine, 
Melon,  Peaches  and  Nectarines.  2d,  Mr.  Thompson, 
whose  Grapes  were  not  quite  so  well  finished  as  those  in 
the  former  collection. 

Three  bunches  black  Grapes. — Mr.  Molyneux  was 
1st  Willi  Hamburghs,  fine  in  bunch  and  berry  and  finish. 
Mr.  Thompson  followed  close  with  .Madresfield  Court, 
in  good  condition  ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  HiHier,  with  Hamburgh, 
of  very  good  quality,  rather  small  in  berry.  Three 
bunches  white  Grapes.— Mr.  Thompson  was  ist  wilh 
rather  green  Muscats  ;  2d,  Mr.  Molyneux,  with  Buck- 
land  Sweetwater  ;  3d,  Mr.  Budd,  with  same  variety. 

Melons  were  exhibited  few  in  number,  and  those  not 
of  first-rate  quality.  Mr.  Wildsmith  had  best  Hero  of 
Lnckinge  ;  Mr.  R.  Baker,  gr.  to  Major  J.  Moore,  Belle 
Vue  House,  Winchester,  had  the  best  scarlet  variety. 
Mr.  Wildsmith  staged  the  best  Peaches— an  excellent 
dish  of  Bellegarde.  Mr.  Thompson  put  up  the  best 
Nectarines,  followed  by  Mr^J.  Dauncey,  gr.  to  J.  Bram- 
stone  Stane,  Esq.,  Buckfield,  Basingstoke,  who  staged 
the  best  dish  of  .strawberries — an  excellent  one  of  Sir  C. 
Nadier. 

Vegetables. 

The  competition  was  spirited,  Mr.  Molyneux  leading, 
with  very  fine  Leviathan  Onions,  Early  Nantes  Carrots, 
Midsummer  Kidney  Potato,  Canadian  Wonder  Bean, 
&c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Dauncey  :  in  this  lot  were  some  fine 
Hackwood  Park  Tomato.     3d,  Mr.  J.  Budd. 


A     SHOW     AT     NETLEY     ABBEY. 

The  Hound  and  St.  Mary  Extra  Horticultur.al 
Society  held  its  eighth  annual  show  on  Thursday,  July 
23,  in  the  charming  grounds  adjacent  to  Netley  .Abbey. 
It  would  be  difticult  to  find  in  the  county  of  Hampshire 
a  more  attractive  spot  in  which  to  hold  a  flower  show  on 
a  warm  July  day  than  the  old  Abbey  grounds  :  the  Ivy- 
clad  ruins  and  mouldering  walls  and  pillars  lent  special 
charms  to  the  scene  of  the  day. 

This  Society  was  started  to  encourage  the  cottagers  of 
the  locality  to  cultivate  vegetables,  fruit,  and  flowers  in 
a  better  manner  than  has  hitherto  been  the  case.  And 
very  successful  have  the  endeavours  of  the  Society  been, 
judged  by  the  productions  displayed  on  the  occasion, 
especially  when  regard  is  had  to  the  long  period  of 
warm  dry  weather  experienced  in  this  part  of  the 
country. 

The  Strawberries.  Currants,  and  vegetables  generally 
gave  proof  of  much  skill  and  persevering  attention 
having  been  bestowed  on  them  by  the  exhibitors.  But 
the  committee  were  also  very  fortunate  in  getting  much 
sympathy  and  support  from  the  wealthier  classes  in  the 
neighbourhood,  who  supplemented  their  subscriptions  by 
special  prizes,  and  the  loan  of  collections  of  plants  to 
make  the  show  more  attractive  than  otherwise  would 
have  been  the  case.  [A  Correspondent.) 


FLORIDA,   THE    ITALY    OF 

AMERICA. 
A  short  account  of  this  portion  of  the  United 
States,  which  at  present  is  occupying  so  much  atten- 
tion, and  where  American  and  British  capital  is  being 
invested,  may  be  interesting  to  your  readers.  It  is 
only  during  the  last  few  years  that  the  State  has  been 
brought  into  prominent  notice,  formerly  thought  only 
fit  for  the  Indians  and  negroes  to  live  in.  It  is  a  land 
of  flowers— the  Italy  of  America.  The  climate  is 
really  very  tine,  and  there  is  no  winter,  that  season 
being  fully  belter  than  the  average  English  summer, 
whilst  the  summers  ate  hot,  95°  in  the  shade  being  an 
average;  still,  it  is  nothing  in  comparison  to  the  heat 
experienced  in  the  Northern  States  and  Canada. 
Florida  being  a  peninsula,  having  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
on  the  east,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  west,  has 
the  breeze  wafted  from  ocean  to  gulf.  The  evenings 
are,  as  a  rule,  pretty  cool.  Mosquitos  and  gnats  are 
in  some  parts  troublesome,  and  in  others  unknown,  and 
as  the  country  fills  up  will  almost  enliiely  disappear. 
Snakes  are  to  be  found  in  the  swampy  portions  of  the 
State.  Malaria,  —  i.c  y  chills  and  fever,  ague,  &c. — is 
prevalent  in  some  paits,  to  prevent  which,  Eucalyptus 
globulus,  or  Blue  Gum,  is  planted  in  large  quantities  ; 
Orange  County  is,  however,  veiy  healthy.  The 
climate  is  very  beneficial  to  persons  afflicted  with 
pulmonary  diseases  ;  diphtheria,  croup,  measles,  &c., 
are  unknown.  Civilisation  is  being  rapidly  deve- 
loped, more  especially  in  Orange  County,  of 
which  Oilando  is  the  chief  town,  now  within 
fifty  hours'  run  from  New  York  by  a  rail- 
way opened  recently.  Florida  may  be  termed 
a  Horticultural  Slate,  Oranges  being  at  present 
the  staple  industry  ;  the  demand  for  the  fruit  far 
exceeds  the  supply,  notwithstanding  the  thousands  of 
acres  planted  wilh  Orange  trees.  A  twelve-year-old 
tree  will  bear  as  many  as  1500  Orange?,  and  it  will 
be  difficult  to  conceive  what  the  demand  will  be  when 
the  foreign  trade  is  developed.  The  first  shipment  to 
London  was  by  W.  H.  Sands,  Esq.,  who  sent  several 
boxes  this  spring,  Ihe  returns  for  which  barely  covered 
the  cost;  another  gentleman  shipped  some  later  on, 
which  paid  him  a  better  return.  A  direct  line  of 
steamers  from  Florida  to  the  Old  Country  is  what  is 
wanted.  The  cost  of  an  Oiange  grove  depends  on 
the  quality  of  the  land,  and  its  locality  ;  10  acres  beirg 
an  ordinary  sized  grove,  and  fifty  trees  to  an  acre. 
There  are  two  ways  of  raising  your  trees — from  the 
seed  and  by  budding  seedling  stocks  with  whatever 
variety  you  want.  The  latter  will  bear  in  four  years. 
Attention  is  being  turned  to  other  tropical  fruit: — the 
Fig,  Vine,  Pine-apple,  Banana  or  Bread-fruit,  grow 
and  ripen  their  fruits  without  any  protection  whatever. 
Musa  Cavendishii,  lately  introduced,  is  doing  remark- 
ably well.  The  Lemon,  Lime,  and  Guava  all  do 
well.  Strawberries  are  in  fruit  for  about  seven  months. 
The  winter  is  the  harvest  for  vegetables,  which  bring 
large  prices  here,  and  in  northern  markets.  Peas, 
Broad  and  French  Beans,  Cucumbers,  Vegetable 
Marrow,  all  in  full  bearing  in  December  and  January ; 
later  on  Mush  and  Water  Melons  are  plentiful.  The 
summers  are,  however,  too  hot  for  the  successful  culti- 
vation of  vegetables  in  the  open  unshaded  fields  in 
that  season,  however  they  can  be  raised  in  the  Orange 
groves  between  the  trees  while  coming  into  bearing. 
Magnolia  grandifiora  is  seen  here  at  its  best,  stately 
trees,  about  80  feet  high  and  3  ieet  in  diameter,  loaded 
with  their  delicate  white  and  fragrant  blooms. 

The  following  subjects  are  growing  almost  wild, 
viz.,  Poinsettia  pulcherrima,  Clerodendron  fragrans 
flore-pleno,  Jasminum  Sambac  flore-pleno.  Plumbago 
capensis,  Hoya  carnosa,  Chorozema  Lawrenceanum, 
Gardenia  florida.  Hibiscus  in  many  varieties,  also  the 
Amaryllis,  and  Vallota  purpurea,  and  others  too 
numerous  to  mention.  Koses  do  remarkably  well, 
considering  that  the  land  here  is  composed  entirely  of 
a  grey  sand. 

The  State,  although  larger  than  England  and 
Scotland  combined,  is  very  flat,  covered  wilh  a  fine 
growth  of  majestic  Pine  trees  ;  Orange  County  in 
particular  having  a  very  large  number  of  magnificent 
deep,  clear  fresh-water  lakes  dotting  its  suriace,  well 
stocked  with  fish,  including  trout,  of  various  sorts. 
Round  the  margin  is  a  dense  growth  of  hard  wood, 
such  as  the  Gum,  Laurus  nobilis,  Maple,  Cedar,  &c.; 
whilst  the  beautiful  Oreodoxo,  or  Cabbage  Palm,  raises 
its  head  above.  Round  these  lakes  dwellings  are 
being  built,  more  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  th« 
settlements,  which  are  rapidly  formed.  Orlando  five 
years  ago  was  a  small  collection  of  huts  at  a  cross 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


155 


road  in  a  Fine  forest,  with  only  a  Court-bouse ;  to- 
day it  is  an  incorporated  town,  with  a  population  of 
aboxt  3000,  and  over  one  dozen  h  jtels  and  boarding- 
houses.  Many  other  industries  have  been  started, 
and  two  railways  now  go  through  the  town,  while 
others  are  in  contemplation.  Land  in  the  vicinity  is 
worth  about  500  dol.  per  acre,  while  town  lots  have 
been  sold  at  the  rate  of  36,000  dol.  Land  all  over 
the  State  is  rising  in  value. 

Owing  to  the  slackness  of  trade  and  the  severity  of 
the  northern  winters,  a  great  influx  of  families  have 
settled  in  Florida,  so  that  work  is  not  over-plentiful, 
\\  dol.  (5^.  3</.)  per  day  being  the  average  pay  for 
labourers;  skilled  workmen  are  better  paid.  Car- 
penters and  gardeners  especially  are  wanted.  Wages 
for  the  latter  run  about  27  dols.  per  month,  with 
board  ;  without  board,  37  dols.  is  about  the  highest 
price  paid.  There  is  a  great  demand  for  domestic  ser- 
vants ;  wages  from  9  to  15  dols.  a  month,  with  board. 

The  hours  of  labour  are  longer  than  in  the  Old 
Country.  The  cost  of  living  is  much  higher,  many  of 
the  articles  being  double  in  price.  Clothing  is  very 
dear,  but  of  that  not  much  is  wanted,  the  houses  are, 
of  course,  all  of  wood,  and  are  furnished  with, verandahs. 
Rents  are  moderate,  there  is  plenty  of  wood  for  fuel, 
which  is  only  wanted  lor  cooking  purposes. 

At  present  the  best  way  of  reaching  Florida  is  viA 
New  York,  thence  by  steamer  to  Savannah,  then  rail 
to  Jacksonvill  (the  City  of  Hotels),  which  stands  on 
the  banks  of  the  St.  John's  River.  There  are  a 
number  of  Scotchmen,  there  and  they  have  a  flourish- 
ing association  ;  in  fact,  Scotchmen  are  found  in  all 
parts  of  the  State,  illustrating  the  old  proverb  "  that 
a  Scotchman  is  never  at  home  except  when  abroad." 
From  Jacksonville  the  traveller  has  a  choice  of  two 
routes,  one  by  steamer  160  miles  up  the  river  to  Sand- 
ford,  then  rail  to  Orlando  30  miles  further,  passing 
through  a  succession  of  splendid  Orange  groves,  or  by 
the  newly  opened  railway  already  referred  to,  viA 
Taveres  to  Orlando,  thence  the  journey  can  be  con- 
tinued to  Tampa  on  the  Gulf  coast. 

It  ishardly  necessary  to  state  that,  to  any  one  coming 
to  Florida,  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  have  capital  to'in- 
vest,  but  there  are  instances  to  be  found  of  men  coming 
here  without  any  means,  who  to-day  have  become 
wealthy  by  their  own  industry  and  the  increase  of  the 
value  of  their  property.  B.  Smith,  Park  Houss,  Mail- 
land,  Orange  County,  Florida,  U.S. 


l^siw   Notes. 

MiDDLESE.x   Sessions:    July  25. — Kay,  Appel- 
lant—  THE     I'ARISH     OF      FlNCHLEY,    A'iSpondfntS. 

— In  this  case,  which  was  of  considerable  interest 
to  market  gardeners,  Mr.  I'hilip  Kay,  of  The 
Nurseries,  Long  Lane,  Finchley,  appealed  against 
a  general  district  rate  of  Is.  2d.  in  the  pound.  Mr. 
Forest  Fulton  appeared  for  the  appellant  ;  Mr.  Bartly 
Dennis  for  the  respondents.  Il  was  stated  that  this 
was  a  friendly  appeal,  made  in  order  to  obtain  a  deci- 
sion as  to  the  interpretation  of  section  211  of  the 
Public  Health  Act,  1S75.  A  sub-section  of  that  Act 
provided  that  all  woodlands,  market  gardens,  or 
nursery  grounds  should  be  assessed  at  only  one- 
quarter  of  the  annual  value.  The  appellant  owned 
about  2h  acres  of  ground,  of  which  2  acres  were 
covered  with  glass-houses  used  for  the  purpose  of 
forcing  fruit  and  flowers  for  the  early  markets.  For 
the  appellant  it  was  contended  thit  such  property 
came  within  the  exemptions  specified  by  the  Act.  In 
support  of  the  appellant's  case,  Mr.  Charles  F.  Jones, 
surveyor,  and  Mr.  Morris,  of  the  firm  of  I'rotheroe 
and  Morris,  horticultural  auctioneers,  were  called,  and 
both  stated  that,  in  their  opinion,  the  glass  erections 
in  question  were  nurseries,  and  that  the  appellant's 
property  could  only  be  described  as  a  market  garden 
or  nursery  ground.  For  the  respondents  (ihe  Parish  of 
Finchley)  it  wascontended  that  the  Act  was  only  meant 
to  cover  arable  land  or  pa&turage,  or  such  gardens  or 
grounds  as  were  used  to  grow  fruit  and  flowers  by  the 
agency  of  Nature  unassisted.  In  the  present  case 
there  were  no  "grounds,"  all  the  growing  being  done 
in  what  were  unmistakably  buildings — horticultural 
buildings.  The  appellant  had  admitted  that  these 
buildings  had  cost  him  ^7000  to  erect,  and  that  he 


annually  sold  many  thousands  of  pounds  of  Grapes 
at  from  2s.  to  12s.  a  pound,  besides  flowers,  the 
profit  from  which  equalled  that  made  on  fruit.  The 
appellant  had,  in  lact,  as  much  advantage  from  the 
expenditure  of  the  rates  as  if  his  property  was  an 
ordinary  manufactory,  and  he  made  his  money  by 
selling  cloth  instead  of  Grapes.  The  Bench  decided 
to  allow  the  appeal.  In  their  opinion  the  appellant's 
property  was  within  the  exemptions  mentioned  in 
the  sub-section  of  the  Act.  In  answer  to  Mr.  Dennis, 
however,  Mr.  Forsyth  said  the  opinion  of  the  Bench 
was  that  it  was  by  no  means  a  clear  case,  and  that 
they  would  certainly  grant  a  case  for  a  Superior 
Court.     Each  side  must  pay  its  own  costs, 


William  Chater,  of  Saffron  Walden,  whose 
name  was  so  long  and  so  successfully  associated  with 
the  improvement  and  culture  of  the  Hollyhock,  died, 
full  of  years  and  honours,  at  the  Grove  Nurseries,  in 
that  town,  on  July  21,  in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  an  aVle,  modest,  kindly,  genial  man, 
spending  a  quiet,  useful  lite,  and  passing  away  amid 
many  regrets. 

William  Chater  was  born  on  February  4,  1802,  at 
Hellions,  Eumpstead,  Essex,  his  father  being  head 
gardener  to  a  Mr.  Stevens,  at  Bower  Hall.  In  those 
days,  as  in  more  remote  times,  village  schools  were 
few,  and  his  father  and  mother  instructed  him  in  the 
elements  of  education,  and  possessing  a  love  for  study 
he  was  allowed  the  run  of  the  library  at  the  Hall. 
He  worked  in  the  garden  with  his  father,  where  he 
imbibed  a  strong  taste  for  gardening,  and  especially  for 
florists'  flowers,  and  shortly  before  attaining  the  age 
of  twenty  years  he  went  to  live  with  his  brother,  John 
Chater,  a  good  florist,  then  in  business  as  a  nursery- 
man at  Haverhill. 

At  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  started  in  business  as 
a  nurseryman  and  florist  at  Saffron  Walden.  At  that 
time  there  was  a  circle  of  florists  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, and  William  Chater  entered  with  ardour  upon 
the  cultivation  of  Carnations,  Picotees,  Ranunculus, 
Dahlias,  Pansies,  Tulips,  and  the  Hollyhock.  At  this 
time  Charles  Baron,  agenuine  florist,  resided  at  Saffron 
Walden,  a  name  that  will  long  remain  associated  with 
the  earlier  improvement  of  the  Hollyhock.  Of  these 
he  had  an  excellent  collection,  .also  of  Ranunculus, 
Pansies,  tic.  In  August,  1S47,  William  Chater 
entered  into  an  arrangement  with  Charles  Baron  to 
cultivate  and  sell  Hollyhocks,  and  the  first  list  of 
Baron's  seedlings,  nineteen  in  number,  was  issued  in 
that  month,  but  none  of  them  were  named,  only  the 
colour  given. 

In  October  ol  the  same  year  several  collections 
were  sent  out  at  £s  per  set.  I  have  heard  Mr. 
Chater  say  that  he  found  little  result  from  Baron's 
Hollyhocks  until  he  secured  a  variety  with  some  pre- 
tensions to  a  double  character,  which  he  obtained  on 
the  Continent.  By  crossing  this  with  Baron's  and 
some  of  his  own  seedlings  decided  advances  were  ob- 
tained,resulting  in  the  early  production  of  Comet,  the 
seed  parent  of  this  being  Baron's  anemona;flora.  This 
variety  was  held  in  poor  esteem  by  Charles  Baron, 
but  William  Chater,  believing  it  likely  to  prove  a  use- 
ful parent,  used  [it  with  striking  success.  It  was  the 
progenitor  of  Comet,  Walden  Gem,  Walden  King, 
the  latter  the  best  scarlet,  and  probably  one  of  the 
most  perfect  flowers  ever  grown.  Then  followed 
Charles  Baron,  pinkish-salmon,  and  the  parent  of  all 
the  later  salmon-coloured  flowers.  From  Baron's 
Model  of  Perfection  came  all  the  white  flowers  having 
purple  bases,  while  the  purple  varieties  came  from 
purpurea  elegans,  &c.  On  August  6,  1850,  Mr. 
Chater  exhibited  a  collection  of  his  new  Hollyhocks 
at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  and  was  awarded  the  Banksian  Medal.  .  In 
185 1,  during  the  time  of  the  Great  Exhibition  of 
Industry,  he  for  several  weeks  exhibited  spikes  and 
cut  blooms  of  Hollyhocks,  lor  which  he  was  awaided 
a  Medal.  An  inflexible  rule  with  William  Chater 
was  never  to  send  out  a  seedling  until  it  had  been 
proved  the  second  year. 

William  Chater  was  also  a  successful  fruit  grower, 
and  was  a  great  believer  in  the  orchard-house  system 
advocated  by  the  late  Thos.  Rivers.  He  had  the 
superintendence  of  the  gardens  of  Short  Grove  Park, 
Newport,  for  upwards  of  thirty  years,  and  produced 
fine  crops  of  orchard  house  fruit.  As  a  landscape 
gardener  he  displayed  great  taste  and  first-rate 
ability.     His  last  piece  of  work  was  laying-out  the 


grounds  of  Hutton  Hall,  Guisborough,  for  Sir  J.  W, 
Pease,  Bart.,  M.P.,  which  was  accomplished  during 
the  years  1864 — 67,  He  was  always  very  proud  of 
this  achievement.  In  February,  1866,  he  finished 
plans  for  the  laying-out  of  the  churchyard  at  Darling- 
ton after  the  restoration  of  the  church  ;  the  plans 
were  accepted,  and  carried  out  successfully.  He 
also  carried  out  extensive  alterations  in  Short  Grove 
Park,  the  seat  of  the  late  W.  C.  Smith,  Esq.,  and  it 
is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  beautiful  parks 
in  the  county,  and  well  worthy  a  visit  from  all  lovers 
of  landscape  gardening.  The  pretty  gardens  and 
grounds  at  Bridge  End,  Saffron  Walden,  the  residence 
of  the  late  Francis  Gibson,  Esq.,  were  entirely 
designed  and  laid  out  by  William  Chater,  and  not  a 
few  other  places  in  the  county.  He  was  awarded  the 
1st  prize  (open  to  all  England)  lor  the  best  plan  for 
laying  out  the  Walden  Cemetery,  which  was  subse- 
quently carried  out  by  him. 

To  the  last,  so  long  as  power  to  do  so  remained 
to  him,  he  loved  to  talk  of  the  flowers  he  cultivated 
with  so  much  success.  He  died  peacefully,  closing  a 
life  full  of  usefulness  and  honour.  Ji.  D. 


STATE  Olf  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHBATH,  LOA/DOJV, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Julv  29,  1885. 


Hygrome 
trical    De 

ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7lh 

Edition 

> 
Q 

Barometer 

Temperature  op 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

< 

1 

s 

.3 

1  = « 
1  s^ 

So 

ill 

p 

1 

July 

In. 

In. 

•   • 

1 

„ 

In. 

23 

30.H 

H-0.37 

74.5475 

27.060  3—  1.9 

44-6 

57{ 

E.  N.E 

0.00 

24 

30.01 

-1-033 

77  548  0 

29  562.6 

-^o.4 

5"  .3 

67 

E, 

0.00 

»S 

30.12 

-fo  36  82.8  52.0 

30.867.5 

+  5-3  49  8 

52j 

S.W. 

000 

26 

33.02 

-1-0.26  8m  58. s 

280J72.2 

-^  10.053.. 

52 

W. 

0.00 

27 

.30  11 

4-0.3585.558.5 

270 

699 

-1-  77156.3 

61 

N.W. 

0  03 

23 

30.16 

-Ho.40  74  558.0 

■6.5 

6t  9 

-;  0,3  51.9 

69 

E.  N.E. 

D.OO 

29 

30.12 

-fa36  70.8|S7.5 

13  3 

60.C 

—  2347.4 

6.1 

E.  N.E 

,.00 

klean: 

3010 

-fo.35  79054.3 

24  7 

64  9 

-t-  2.6  St. 6 

60 

variable  o  OQ 

July  23. — Very  fine  day  throiisliout. 

—  24. — Very  fine  day. 

—  25. — Very  fine  day. 

—  26.— Very  line. 

—  27. — Very  fine. 

—  28.— Dull  tilt  g.30  A.M.,  very  line  and  bright  .iflenvards. 

—  2'). —  Fine  day,  sun  sfiining  at  times. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  25,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  to  29.91  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.07  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  I9lh,  increased  to  30,46  inches  by  9  A.M.  on 
the  22d,  decreased  to  30.29  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the 
23d,  increased  to  30.31  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  24th, 
decreased  to  30.26  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  same  day, 
increased  to  30.34  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  25th,  and 
was  30. 28  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
was  30.21  inches,  being  0.14  inch  higher  than 
last  week,  and  0.25  inch  above  the  average  of  the 
week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  82°.S,  on  the  25ih  ;  on  the  I9lh 
the  highest  was  73°.2-  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  76°.  5. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47°.S,  on  the  23d  ; 
on  the  20th  the  lowest  temperature  was  59°.  8.  The 
mean    of    the  seven  low  night    temperatures    was 

S4°-3. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  was  30  .8,  on 
the  25th  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  19th,  was  14°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  22®.  2. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  19th,  63°.  6  ; 
on  the  20th,  65°.2  ;  on  the  21st,  62°.7  ;  on  the  22d, 
63°.  I  ;  on  the  23d,  60.3°;  on  the  24th,  62°.6;  and 
on  the  25lh,  67°. 5;  and  these  were  all  above 
(excepting  the  23d,  which  was  i°.9  below)  by  1°. I, 
2'. 8,  o°.4,  o°.S,  o°,4,  and  5°. 3  respectively. 

The   mean   temperature  of   the  week  was  63°.6, 


156 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  1885. 


being  2°.  5  higher  than  last  week,  and  i°.3  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  134°.  on  the  23d.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  123°.4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  mmimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  Z2'.(>,  on  the  23d.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  43'-3- 

Hain.—No  rain  fell  during  the  week. 

England  :  Tem/'era/ure.—Vai'iDg  the  week  end- 
ineTuIy  21;,  the  highest  temperatures  were  90°  at 
Cambridge?  87°  at  Sheffield,  84°  at  Hull  ;  the 
highest  at  Brighton  was  72°. 5,  at  Liverpool  73  .7,  at 
Plymouth  74°.  5-     The  general  mean  was  So  .  2. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  42°-5  »'  Cambridge, 
47.=;  at  Blackhealh,  48°  at  Truro;  the  lowest  at 
Preston  was  55°.5.  at  Liverpooj  55°.4.  at  Sheffield 
cC.     The  general  mean  was  5 1°.6. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  Af-5  at  Cambridge 
,=°  3  at  Blackhealh,  35°  at  Hull  ;  the  smallest 
ranges  were  .S°.3  at  Liverpool,  2.=.9  at  Brighton. 
23'.3  at  Plymouth.     The  general  mean  was  2b   b. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  78°. 3.  at  Blackhealh  76°- 5.  at 
Sheffield  74'.3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sunderland,  66  .5, 
at  Liverpool  69°. I,  at  Plymouth  69°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  7i°.7- 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Liverpool,  5S°.5,  at  Sheffield  57  -T./t 
B.istol  57°.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Cambridge,  49  4, 
at  Hull  53°.  at  Sunderland  53°.  5-  The  general 
mean  was  55°.3-  „      ,    . , 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
28°  9,  at  Blackhealh  22°.2,  at  Truro  iS°.3  ;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  I0°.6,  at  Plymouth  I2°.7,  at  Brad- 
fold   and  Sunderland,  13°-     The   general  mean   was 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Sheffield, 
64'  I,  at  Blackhealh  63°  6,  at  Bristol  63°.2  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Sunderland  58=.!,  at  IIuH  59-7.  »'  Brighton 
60°  5.     The  general  mean  was  6l°.6. 

J/ai,i.— The  largest  falls  were  0.94  inch  at  Preston, 
0.78  inch  at  Bolton,  o  77  inch  at  Liverpool  ;  the 
smallest  (alls  were  005  inch  at  Truro,  o.IO  inch 
at  Cambridge,  and  0.13  inch  at  Plymouth.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.37  inch.  No  ram  fell  at 
Blackhealh. 

Scotland  :  Tcmfera/ure.—Daiwg  the  week  end- 
ing July  25,  the  highest  temperature  was  83°.  7,  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  ( ireenock  Ihe  highest  temperature  was 
78°.7.     The  general  mean  was  Si°. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  43°.2,^  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Leiih  the  highest  temperature  was  47°-S. 
The  general  mean  was  45°*'-  ^  . 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
62°.6;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  59°. 5-  The  general 
mean  was  6o°.7. 

Jfain.— The  largest  fall  was  o  32  inch,  at  Edin- 
burgh, and  the  smallest  fall  was  o  01  inch,  at  Paisley. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  o  07  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Bright  sunshine  shows  a  very  general  increase, 
especially  over  the  Channel,  and  the  south  and  south- 
east of  England.  The  percentages  of  the  possible 
duration  varied  from  31  in  "Scotland,  N."  and  32  in 
"ScotlandE,"  to  between  51  and  66  over  the  greater 
part  of  England,  and  to  78  in  the  "Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  cl'sctved.— The  only  depression  within 
our  area  was  one  noticed  over  the  Baltic  during  the 
24th  and  25th.  Over  our  islands  the  distribution  of 
pressure  was  anticyclonic,  with  varying  easterly  airs 
in  the  south,  and  light  winds  from  various  quarters  at 
the  more  northern  stations. 


Aphis  on  Orchids  :  D.  M.  G.  The  tobacco-juice  that 
was  used  was  too  weak  and  watery  a  solution,  hence 
the  poor  results  seen.  Try  mild  fumigation  on  a 
cloudy  night,  using  shading  early  in  the  morning  after, 
or  use  tobacco  snuff. 


StJMMARY     OF    TeMPERAT/URE,     RAINFALL,    AND 

Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  27,  18S5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :-The  -ueather  has  been  fine,  bright, 
and  warm  generally  over  ihe  whole  kingdom. 

The  leinperalure  has  been  considerably  higher  than 
during  any  previous  week  of  this  summer,  the  values 
exceeding  the  mean  by  5=  in  the  "  Midland  Counties, 
and  "Ireland,  S.,"  by  4°  over  the  western  parts  of 
Great  Britain,  and  by  2°  or  3°  in  most  other  districts. 
The  maxima,  which  were  recorded  on  ihe  24th  over 
the  more  northern  dist.icls,  and  on  the  25lh  or  26lh 
over  the  greater  part  of  England  and  Ireland,  were  as 
high  as  91°  in  the  "Midland  Counties"  and  "Eng- 
land,  S."   (at    Leicester  and   Southampton),   8S°  in 
"England,  E."  and  "England,   S.W.,"  and  between 
79"  and  86°  in  all  other  districts  excepting  "Scotland, 
N.,"  where  the  highest  reading  was  69°    The  minima 
were  generally  registered  either  on  the  22d  or  23d, 
when  the  thermometer  fell  to  56°  in  the  "Channel 
Islands,"  to  50°  or  51°  in  Ireland,  between  43°  and 
47°  over  England,  to  41°  in  "  Scotland,  \V."  and  to 
38°  in  "Scotland,  N." 

The  rainfall  has  been    very   slight  or   altogether 
absent. 


AUSTRALIAN    GRAPES  :    A  Subscriber.     We  have  in- 
quired in  the  market  without  success. 
Beech  Mast  :  .1/.     The  word  is  Sa.\on,  Mast  meaning 
food      Though  generally  confined  to  the  fruit  of  the 
Beech,  it  is  applied  to  that  of  the  Oak  by  some  writers. 
•  ■  Nut  "  is  also  of  Saxon  or  Scandinavian  origin,  mean- 
ine  something  hard.     We  do  not  know  why  Hazels 
and  Chesmuts  are  caUed    "Nuts,"    while    the    cor- 
responding  fruit   of  the    Beech    receives  a    different 
name   unless  it  be  that  in  those  olden  times,  among 
the  Northern  folk.  Beech  furnished  food  for  men  and 
animals  to  a  larger  extent  than  the  Hazel.     Of  course 
the  Chestnut,  being  a  Southern  tree,  would  not  have 
been  known  to  the  old  Scandinavians. 
Begonia  ■  R-  O.  Your  semi-double  flower  has  the  petals 
slightly  fimbriate  at  the  edge.     By  perseverance  you 
may  improve  the  strain,  which  is  promising. 
CUCUMBERS  :    E.  H.  C.     The  plants  are  exhausted  by 
heavy  cropping,  as  shown  by  the  deformed  and  small 
fruits  now  obtained.     You  can  imparl  some  degree  of 
vigour  to  them  by  removing  the  upper  soil  with  but 
htlle  disturbance  of  the  roots,  replacing  it  with  some 
rich  compost  of  loam  and  manure,  which  can  be  added 
to  as  new  roots  protrude  ;  or,  what  would  be  better, 
clear  out  the  old,  and  start  with  new  plants. 
Deciduous  Coniferous  Trees  and  Evergreens  : 
£   C  L     Once  in  two  years  is  often  enough  to  shift 
them',  unless  growth  at  root  and  top  is  very  ramp.-int  ; 
in  that  case  there  is  nothing  better  than  annual  re- 
moval.    Evergreen  trees  and  shrubs  are  best  renioved 
late  in  August,  and  early  in  the  next  month,  and  de- 
ciduous ones  as  soon  as  the  leaf  indicates  ripeness  ; 
you  need  not  wait  till  it  falls.     Autumn  is  much  to  be 
preferred  to  spring,  and  the  earlier  the  better.     Do 
not  shift  evergreen  things  in  winter  if  you  can  avoid  it. 
Eucalyptus  Seeds  :  Chas.  ScbiarJ/.  Los  Angeles,  Cal.. 
USA       Try   H.    G.   Hilyear,    Kew   Nursery.    Mel- 
bourne ;  H.trris,  South  Yarra  ;  ].  Baptist,  at  Sydney. 
Gooseberries  ;  Jo/in    Penny.     Similar    to    a    variety 

named  Rosebeiry. 
Green  Pelargoniums  :  C.  P.  The  flowers  are  re- 
placed by  clusters  of  green  scales.  Such  cases  are 
not  very  uncommon,  and  instances  have,  from  time  to 
time,  been  figured  in  our  columns. 
Insects  ■  IV.  .1/.  The  leaves  of  your  Beech  have  been 
infested  wilh  the  caterpillars  of  a  ve.y  minute  moth 
(Lithocollelis  faginella),  which  mines  wilhm  the 
underside  of  the  leaves,  forming  pale  oval  blotches, 
and  loosening  the  lower  cuticle  of  the  leaf  between  two 
of  the  side  ribs,  and  forming  a  slight  pucker  on  the 
underside  of  the  blotch  as  the  cuticle  dnes  and  shrinks. 
/.  O.   IV. 


Pot  Pourri  to  Last  a  Hundred  Ye.\rs  :  IV.  Cam/ore 
(0  or  I      "  To  every  peck  of  Roses  a  large  handful  ot 
lasmine  flowers,  and  one  of  Dame  Violets  (Rockets), 
one  of  Orange  blossoms.  Orris  root  shced.  r  oz.:  Gum 
Benjamin  and  storax,  r  oz.  each  ;  two  or  three  hand- 
fuls  of  Clove   Gillyflowers,  Cloves,   Nutmegs,    Rose- 
mary flowers.  Allspice,    Knotted    Marjoram,    Lemon 
Thyme,   rind  of  Lemon,  Balm  of  Gilead,  dry,  and  a 
few  Liurel  leaves.    Chop  all   these,   and  mix  them 
well  with  bay  salt.     Cover  the  jar,   stir  occasionally. 
The  various  ingredients  may  be  collected  in  succession 
as   they  flower.     To    these  add  Woodruff.    Jonquil 
flowers,  and  many  other  things."  (Cassiobury  recipe.) 
Pot\tos-   IV.  H.     I.  maybe  a  variety  of  the  Ashleaf 
Kidney  ■  3,  Vicar  of  Laleham  ;  3,  Scotch  Blue  ;    but 
we  cannot  be  certain,   it  being  next  to  impossible  to 
identify  Potatos  from  single  tubers. 
Roses    done    Blooming  :    Malcr.     The  shoots  may 
now  be  cut  back   to   half   their  length,   when  weak 
growers,  but  less  if  of  vigorous  habit,  thinning  out 
without  sparing  all  weakly  shoots  growing  from  Ihe 
old  wood  in  the  middle  of  the  heads  or  bushes,  for 
such  do  no  good  whatever,  and  never  bear  a  bloom. 
Give  liquid  manure  once  or  twice  a  week,  according 
to  the  weather  ;  replace  the  mulching  with  fresh  rich 
material,  and  check  mildew  with  sulphur  dustings  on 
its  first  appearance. 
Spots  on  Crotons  :  G.  Sputrell.     You  have  shaded 
your  plants  when  they  should  have  enjoyed  almost  un- 
interrupted sunshine,  so  that  you  have  rendered  the 
leaf-tissues  tender,  and  liable  to  burn  from  accidental 
exposure  to  sunlight. 
Variegated  Celery  :  A.  B..  Cheadle.  Variegation  is 
not  common,  and  we  fail  to  see  the  usefulness  in  per- 
petuating it.     As  to  the  length  of  Beans  we  have  no 
information. 


1^  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal  4r,  WelUngton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  Ihem  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 
Fred.  Burvenich,  Sen.,  Genlbrugge,  Ghent,  Belgium 

—Vines,  Strawberries,  Carnations,  Conifers,  &o. 
F.  ROEMER,  Quedlinburg— Flower  and  Vegetable  Seeds, 

Strawberry,  Bulbs  and  Tubers. 
Joseph  Schwartz.  7,  Route  de  Viennea  la  GuiUoti^re, 

Lyon— New  Roses.  r-^    ,.      1 

DiCKSONS  &  Co.,    1.   Waterloo    Place,    Edinburgh  — 

Flower  Roots,  &c. 


Communications  received  :-F.  S.  &  Co  ^W.  R.  B.— J.  S., 
Innsoruck -W.  B.  H.,  Cork.-M.  Azanan,  Constantinople. 
_G  E.  F.-J.  Mel.,  Dunedin,  N.  Z.-F.,  Flor,da.-M., 
Tamait.-Th.-^  C.  Ar'nheim.-R.  J  L.-E  J.  B.-^D.  S.- 
E  I  imX.,  British  Guian>.-T.  S.  \Vare.--A.  C  B  -S.  B. 
W.,  Gen=va.-Prof.  Balfour.-C.  K.  Pardub.lj,  Bofiemia.- 
T  Lixton.-P.  E.  K.-H.  Carler.-J.  Veiich  &  Sons.-C. 
M.  O.-Ch.  Naudin.— T.  W. 


COVENT    GARDEN,    July    30. 
Heavy  supplies  still  to  hand,   with  prices  generally 
firmer.    James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Cherries,  J^-sieve  _ 
Currants,  red.  J^-si 
—  black.  i4-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries,  J^-sic 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


ud. 


Names  OF  Plants  :    C.    W.    Scabiosa 'grandiflora. — 
C  M  O      Name  of  Composite  next  week.     It  is  not 
TussackGrass.-y.  J.,  Darlirigfon.    Your  specimens 
were  dried,  broken  to  fragments,  and  packed  in  coiton 
wool-  all  good   reasons  lor  our  declming  the  task  ol 
making  them  out.     Please  send  good  specimens,  pro- 
perly packed.— Z?/j-^     Catalpa  Kasmpferi.     A  mono- 
graph of  the  species  is  given  in  the   ir^rdeners   Chro- 
;;.V/.foriSSD.  p.   651.-C.  Clarkr.     Clethra  arborea. 
C    W.     Cephalaria  i^iAnc^.Subscnber  C.   2.  Cam- 
panula, and  6.  Hieracium.  too  poor  fordetermmation  ; 
o   Arnica  chamissonis  ;  4,  Lysimachia  ciliata  ;  8,  Cen- 
taurea  dealbata.— .^///^a.     1.   Lycium  barbarum  ;    2. 
Poa   annua ;    3,    send  better  specimen  ;    4.    Agrostis 
alba-    ^.   Carex   divulsa.     Miss   O^cen.      Campanula 
trachelium      tlore-pleno.-^.    S.      Rubus     odoratus, 
1,     Lysimachia    vulgaris;    2,    Solidago.    near   to    b. 
virga-aurea  ;    ^    Achillea    sp.  ;  4.  Achillea  Piarniica, 
double-flowered  variety;   5.    Eccremocarpus    scaber  ; 
6.  Veratrum  nigrum.—//.  C.  b-  E.  A.  \ucca  rccurvi- 
folia,  which  is  in  flower  in  various  places  now. 
Orchids  :  Mr.  Alison.  Phalcenopsis  amabile,  Oncidium 
dasyiyle.  so  called  from  the  thick  wart  on  the  Up  ;  Pel- 
lea  falcala. 
Peaches  :  T.  Cooper.    The  Peach  sent  belongs  to  the 
class  of  what  are  called  "  clingstones,     the  flesh   of 
which   clings  both   to  the  skin  and  the  stone.     It  is 
probably  a  seedling,  and  worthless. 


Vegetables. — Aver 
s.  d.  s.  d. 

Artichokes,      Globe, 

per  dozen  ..  ..30-.- 

Asparagus.    English, 

per  bundle  . .    10-60 

Beans,  tng..  per  lb.  09-.. 

Beet,  per  dozen       ..    10-.. 

Cabbages,  per  dozen  16-20 

Carrots,  per  bunch . .  06-.. 

Cauliflowers.       Eng- 
lish, spring.perdoz.  20-40 

Celery,  per  bundle..   16-26 

Cucumbers,  each     . .  o  6-  i  O 

Endive,  per  dozen  ..   20-.. 

Garlic,  per  lb.  ..  06-  .. 

Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  02-04 
-      Potatos.— English,  looj.  to 

Plants  in  Pots.— Ave 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  < 
Arbor-vitae  (golden), 

per  dozen  ..  ••  o  0-18  " 
—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  0-12  < 
Bouvardia,  dozen  ..  90-18 
Calceolarias,  doz.  ..40-6 
Carnations,  iz  pot-...  6  0-12 
Cypenis,  per  dozen..  4  o-ia 
Draciena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..         -.30  °-^ 

viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24 

riety, 


I  Wholesale  Prices. 
f.  1  s.d.s   a. 

o     Lemons,  per  case    ..15  0-30  o 
o     Melons,  each  . .  20-30 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . .   20-80 
Pine-apples.  Eng.  ,1b.  20-30 
3      —  St.  Michael,  each  26-50 
o  1  Strawberries,  per  lb.  03-09 

:  Retail  Prices. 


Euonym., 
per  dozen  , 

Evergreens, 
per  dozen  . 

Ficus  elastic 


Horse  Radish,    bun. 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz. 

—  English  Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch..  < 
Mushrooms,  basket.. 
Onions,  per  bushel, . 

—  Spring,  per  bun. 
Parsley,  per  bunch.. 
Peas, 
Radi; 
Small   sal: 

punnet  . .  ..04-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  40-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  10-.. 
,  Turnips,  new,  bunch  06-.. 

i20.r.  per  ton  :  foreign  finished. 

rage  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.s.d. 
I  Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous, each  ..  ..2  o-io  o 
t  '  Fuchsias,  per  dozen  40-90 
I  '  Hydrangeas,  dozen..  "  0-18  o 
)     Lilium  auratum,  per 

)  ,  —  longifotium,  doz. 

)  Lobelia,  per  doz.     .. 

3  Marguerite       Daisy, 

i  per  dozen  . . 

3  Musk,  per  dozen     .. 

3  I  ftlyrtles,  per  dozen. . 

I  Palms      in     variety, 


t  0-36  < 


,  6  0-24  i 


'  Pelargoniun 


per 


dozen         --  ...--- 

—  scarlet,  dozen     . .   3  o-  9  ' 

Rhodanthe,  per  doz.  6  o-  8  ■ 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


157 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  i 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  ; 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  ( 
Carnations,  12  bun...  : 
—  12  blooms  ..    ; 

Cornflower,  12  bun.  : 
KschschoUzia,  izbun  : 
Eucharis,   per  dozen  ; 


bloom 


iblo. 


Lilium     longidorum, 

12  blooms.. 
Marguerites,  12  bun. 
Mignonette,   12  bun. 


-Average  Wholesale  Pkk 


Picotees,  12  bun.  ..  1 
Pinks,  van,  12  bun.  ; 
Primula,double,  bun.  t 
Rhodanihe,  12  bun.  ( 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  ; 

—  coloured,    dozen  : 

—  per  doz.  bunches  : 

—  Moss,  12  bun.  . .  ( 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  ; 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  : 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

bunches     ..  ..   . 

Tropieolum,  12  bun. 


2  &-  5  o 


SEEDS. 

London  :  July  29. — The  actual  business  doing  in 
seeds  continues  small,  the  chief  interest  being  centred 
in  the  new  produce.  Samples  of  this  season's  winter 
Tares,  Rye,  Trifolium,  Italian  Rye-grass,  and  Rape 
seed  are  coming  to  hand  ;  and,  while  prices  in  some 
cases  are  not  yet  fixed,  the  general  range  of  values  pro- 
mises to  be  low.  There  is  nothing  yet  doing  in  Clover 
seeds.  Hemp  seed  is  rather  firmer  ;  no  change  in 
Canary  seed.  In  consequence  of  the  bad  reports  of  the 
new  crops  holders  of  blue  Peas  are  asking  more  money 
for  what  little  stock  they  have  left  over.  Feeding  Lin- 
seed is  steady.  John  Shaw  5s*  Sons,  Seed  Merchants. 
37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 

CORN. 

At  Mark  L-^ne  on  Monday  the  business  done  in 
Wheat  was  too  small  to  affect  quotations.  Flour  was 
dull,  but  held  for  late  value.  Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas 
were  unchanged,  but  the  drought  gives  support  to  the 
market  for  all  feeding  stuffy  and  Oats  were  td.  dearer  on 
the  week. — On  Wednesday  nothing  transpired  to  estab- 
lish any  quotable  change  in  current  values  of  Wheat. 
Apart  from  this  flour  remained  dull.  Maize  ruled  slow. 
Oats  and  other  spring  corn  were  quiet  and  unchanged. 
— Average  prices  of  corn  for  week  ending  July  25  : — 
Wheat,  33J.  \id.;  Barley,  29^.;  Oats.  21J.  8</.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  37J.  i*''.  ; 
Barley,  27J.  5^.  ;  Oats,  231.  ^d. 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  the  trade  showed 
increased  depression.  Sales  of  beasts,  even  at  a  decline 
of  id.  to  4</.  per  8  lb.,  made  but  very  slow  progress. 
Sheep  and  lambs  were  dull  of  sale,  and  prices  ruled 
lower  by  quite  id.  per  8  lb.  Calves  were  most  unsaleable 
and  quotations  nominal.  Quotations  : — Beasts,  3J.  loi/. 
to  4J.  td.,  and  +1.  \od.  to  5^.  ^.d.  ;  calves,  3^.  to  41.  8(/.  ; 
sheep.  4J.  ^d.  to  41.  \od.,  and  %i.  id.  to  5^.  Zd.  ;  lambs, 
cj.  8tf.  to  6j.  ^d.  —  On  Thursday  want  of  animation 
characterised  trade.  Supplies  of  beasts  were  not  large, 
but  they  satisfied  the  demand,  which  continued  heavy. 
Sheep  were  in  a  fair  supply,  and  were  a  firmer  market, 
the  best  Downs  and  hall-breds  making  51.  41/.  to  5J.  6./. 
per  8  lb.  Lambs  were  quoted  at  5J.  Brf.  to  6j.  id. 
per  8  lb.     Calves  and  pigs  were  unaltered. 


HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
was  very  dull,  with  good  supplies  :  and  that  inferior 
quahties  of  hay  were  almost  unsaleable  at  the  following 
quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  8oj.  to  107J.;  prime  second 
cut,  85J.  to  107J. ;  inferior,  6oi.  to  75J. ;  hay,  prime,  701. 
to  98J.;  interior,  10s.  to  6oj. ;  and  straw,  28i.  to  38^.  per 
load.— On  Thursday  there  was  a  moderate  supply  on 
sale.  The  trade  was  very  dull  at  Monday's  rates. — 
Cumberland  Market  quotations  : — Clover,  best,  851.  to 
105;.  ;  inferior,  6oi.  to  8or.  ;  hay,  best,  851.  to  97J.  dd.  ; 
second  quality,  751.  to  84J.  ;  inferior,  40J.  to  70J.  ;  and 
straw,  30J.  to  365-.  per  load. 


POTATOS. 


The  Borough  Market  report  states  that  there  were 
fair  supplies  and  quiet  trade.  Quotations  :— Regents,  115^^. 
to  i40f.  ;  Shaws,  looi.  to  \ios.  ;  Early  Roses,  85^.  to 
951.  ;  kidneys,  130^.  to  150J.  ;  Jersey  rounds,  951.  to  wos.; 
kidneys,  iio^.  to  140J.  per  ton.  The  imports  into 
London  last  week  consisted  of  1073  boxes  from  Barfleur, 
40  packages  Boulogne,  1415  cases  Cherbourg,  12  sacks 
St.  Brieux. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week :— East  Wylam,  155.  6</.  ;  Holywell  West 
Hartley,  14-r.  6(/.  ;  Dowlais  Merthy,  i6f.  ;  Walls  End — 
Tyne  (unscreened),  lu.  30'.  ;  Hetton,  151.  6t/.  ;  Hetton 
Lyons,  13J.  dd.  ;  Lambton,  151.  6d.  ;  Wear.  14J.  ; 
Caradoc,  i5.r.  dd.  ;  East  Hartlepool,  14J.  91/.  ;  South 
Hartlepool,  13J.  ^d.  ;  Tees,  \$s.  6d. 


Qovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  99^  to  993  for  both  delivery  and  the 
account.  Wednesday's  figures  were  991"^  ^^  '^9\n  *^or 
both  transactions.  The  closing  figures  for  T  hursday 
were  99\l  to  99*^1  for  both  money  and  account. 


TANNED  GARDEN  NETTING. 

1  yard    wide  . .     ^id.  per  yard  I  3  yards  wide  ..   ^%d.  pcryard. 

2  yards  wide  . .    ij^d.  per  yard  |  4  yards  wide  . .  3<^.      per  yard. 

500  yards  and    upwards  delivered  free  to  any  part. 


OBEENHOXJSE    SHADINGS. 

SCRIM,     TIFFANY    and     COTTON      NETTING. 
A  set  of  samples,  with  prices,  post-free. 

RUSSIA    MATS,    RAFFIA,    TOBACCO  PAPER,    PEAT. 

SILVER  SAND,  COCOA  FIBRE  REFUSE, 

GARDEN    TOOLS,  &c.,   at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

Descriptive  CA  TA  LOG  UE  post-free  on  af plication. 

JAMES    T.    ANDERSON, 

149.  Commercial  Street,  Shoredltch,  London,  E. 


GARDEN 
S 


NETTING. 


A.      SANDS 

(Successor  to  J.  W.  Havthokn), 


Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds,  Wasps,  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


Address— S.  A.    SANDS. 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 

COVERED  SHEDS  FOR  CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Machmery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 

al  f.xiremely  moderate  (■rices. 
Full  prrt'Culars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Cardtners'  Maf:azine  says;—"  We  must  giv. 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  i 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-( 


Eosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made     in     maleiials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sons  are  specially  ^^^ 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N    '" 
GARDENS,   as   they  har- 
boiir    no    Slugs  or  Insecls, 
take   up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriais,  S.E.  ;  Ku.g's  Road,  Chelsea,  S  W  ■ 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEV'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS 

Illu.trated  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c., 
from  3r.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  f-jr  selection. 

WHITF,    GLAZKD    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dailies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  andl'iles 

of  all  k  inds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cemei.t,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

I      L     V~^      R  S     AND, 

;  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


s 


F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.-Ordeis  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEEKS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBKOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden   Frames  and  Sashes   in   Stock, 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.O. 


every   des 
charge,  an 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    materia 

colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapsid' 

Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings,    Green 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-free  en  application. 


E.C. 


and 


TCLifcSSHOUSES&WEAT'WG: 


B.W.WA-R«U.-RST 


m 

BKAUPORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.fCv  > 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  NORWICH. 

SMALL,    HANDY,    LEAN-TO    FRAMES. 


TWO  LIGHT    FRAMES     6  feet    by    4  f    t.     pa  n  ed     b  ee 
o  dgadwha      z     Ent.     h   g  t,a       i,e 

paid,  price    £2  23. 

If  with    hinges,    fet-opes,     and    prop,     as    shown,    price 
£3  10s   6d.     Packing  3S  ,  allowed  in  lull  if  returned. 

THREE-LIGHT  FRAME,  largest  size  made,  9  feet  by  4  feet, 
price  £3. 

If    wilh    hinges,    set-opes  and   prop,    as   shown,    price 
£3  lOs.     Packing  43.,  allowed  in  full  if  returned. 

No.  76.— Melon  and  Cucumter  Frame. 


FLDUCLD  CASH   PRICES    Carriage  Paid 
ze  Length         Widih  Pice      P.icki.gCae. 


No   4  16  feet  6  feet  0     o     o  %s  (id 

Depth    in  iront    13  inche  ,  back    24  inches     lights   2  1  cti«  s 

Ihii-k,  Mrengthened  with  iron  rod.     One  handle  to  each   lighi. 

Lights  only,  6  feet  by  4  feet,  ungiazed  and  unpainled.  6j.  each. 

Glazed  with  21-07.  iheet  glass  and  painted  4  ccats,  r6r.  each. 

The  Frames  carriaee  paid  to  any   Railway  Station  in  Eng- 
land   and    Wales;    also  to   Edinburgh,   Glasgow,    Dublin  ai,d 

Belfast.  

Price  List  first-free.      Illustrated  Catatogues  I2  stamp-. 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to   their   Cucumber     Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      'lliey  are  made  of  the  Lest  materials,  at.d  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  ; —       ^  s.  d. 
jliehtframe,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p,-i:_„     I       3  10    o 
slight  frame,  12  feet  by  6  feet  ^p"",S;       550 

b-lightltame,  24feetby6feet)^  I     to     o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 

brick  p.ts  at  propnitionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAV  andCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

Royal  Horticultural  Woiks,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


158 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  i8 


4  Lines. 

./;o  1 

5     „    . 

■    o     3 

6     „    . 

•    0    4 

1     „    ■ 

.   o     4 

8     „    . 

•    o     5 

9     „    • 

•    o     5 

10    „    . 

.    o    6 

11     „    • 

.    o    6 

12     „    . 

■    o     7 

13     „    . 

•    0     7 

14     „    . 

.    o     8 

o 

9 

o 

9 

o 

lo 

o 

lO 

0 

II 

THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 

Heati  Lttte  charged  as  hho. 

15  Lines. ..^o     S     6 

16  , 

17  , 

18  , 

19  , 

20  , 

21  „     ...on     6 

22  „      ...     O    12      o 

23  „    ...   o  12    6 

24  „     ...   o   13    o 

25  „    ...   o  13    6 

AND   SIXPENCE    FOR    EVERY    ADDITIONAL    LINE. 

If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30;. 

Page  {.<)    a    a 

Half  Page 500 

Column       . .         3    5    0 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

a6  words  iJ.  dd.,  and  td.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  an  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  of-entd  by  the  aitthorities  and 
returned  to  tlu  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  recuh  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :  12  Months,  O.  3s.  lOd. ; 

6  Months,  lis.  Ud.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China)  ;     including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  lor  12  Months  :    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.,  to  W.  Richards. 

Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


BPY    ONLY    ENGLISH    THREE-QUARTER    PLATE 
WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.   4658) 
"  LUDGATE  ■'  WATCH, 

SILVER,  ^1  .^  ^  GOLD, 

£12  12s. 


£5  5s.  ,4  -3 


\l!    /       ^\ 


Is  a  "Special  Strength"  Silver  English  Lever,  my  best 

London  make,  with  Tbree-quarter  Plate  Movement. 
JeH'clled  throfighout. 

Chronometer  balance,  with  damp  and  dust-proof 
Patent  rins-h.ind.  and  extended  barrel,  in 
Masnve  sterling  silver  dome  cases 

With  crystal  glass  front.  1 

IVinds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 
The  superiority  in  value,  accuracy,  and  durability  of  the 
"  Ludgate  ■■  Watch  over  the  Swiss  and  American  Keyless  and 
Non-Keyless  Watches,  made  in  imitation  of  and  sold  as 
English  work,  and  Ihe  ordinary  Kull-plale  English  Watch  is 
enormous.  The  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  is  compact,  strong,  hand- 
some, and  durable.  Being  Three  Quarter  Plate,  it  is  superior 
in  value  and  appearance  to  any  .£10  Watch  sold,  and,  being 
compensated,  it  keeps  perfect  time  ;  filled  with  crystal  front.  11 
combines  (he  strength  of  the  Hunter  and  convenience  of  the 
open  face.  Of  my  best  London  make,  it  will  list  a  lifetime, 
stand  rough  usage  of  all  and  every  kind  without  damage,  and, 
being  made  in  three  sizes,  it  is  for  the  above  reasons  suited  for 
Home,  Indian,  and  Colonial  use  by 

Gardeners,  Workmen,  and  Gentlemen. 

Tlie'  Ludgate"  Watch  ts far  iupcrior 
To  any  IVatch  at  tlie  price  yet  made,  and 
Will  be  ientjrte  and  saje  at  our  risk 
To  all  parts  0/ the  world  for  Is  5S.. 
Cash  or  P.O.O.  ;  or  in  hunting  cases,  {,(,  61. 
Price  in  18-Carat  gold,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas. 
8PECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three-Quarter  Plate  English  Watch  for  C'i  51.  in  Sliver, 
or  ;£i2  125.  in  Gold,  and  ihat  our  Patent  *'  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  Watchmaker  in  the  King- 
dom. Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  again't.  A  BoOk  explaining  the  advantages  of 
this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate  English  Watches  sold  by  all 
other  makers,  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  M.-ijesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  E  C. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  ol  Watches  from  ^2  to/ 500,  Gold  and 

Silver  Jewellery,   Clocks  (House,    Chime,   and    Turret),  and 

Musical  Boxes,  free  00  application. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark  ) 


This\ARNISH  IS  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicitbd  Testimonial. 

"  Pierce  field  Park,  June  21,  1876.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  lo  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am,  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully, W!\].  Cox  '* 

CA  L'T/OAT.-HiLi.  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
ast   the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


adv 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of. 
of  ihe  laige  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
tvery  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Laj^ge    Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 


and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  c 
HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brieiley  Hill  ] 


ippllC 


IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  tspaliers,  &c. 

MATERIAL  for  WIRING  GARDEN  WALLS. 


GALVANISED. 


EVES,  ?</.  per  dor..        HOLDFASTS,  with 

Winders,  7^.  per  dozen.  WIRE,  2S.  per  ico  yards. 

C  A  T  A  LOG  U  E  free.     Please  name  this  paper. 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA      WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON, 
And  i3q  and  141,  Cannon  Street    London    E  C 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes  m  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneoui 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtamed  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  arui  Prices  ofi  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 

SPECIALLY    CHEAP   GLASS. 

Packing;  Cases  free  and  not  returnable. 
100  squares  Glass  at  tlie  following  Prices  in  Leeds  :— 

15-02.  21-OZ-  y^o  squares  i5or.,  S  by  6, 

i3tby  8  for  105.  oo'.  for  14,1.  o(f.  or  250  squares,  8i  by  (A,  or 
It  ,,  9  ,,  101.  ctd.  „  14s.  od.  220  squares,  gh  by  i\,  or 
,  i6j.  od.  170  squares.  9  by  yi-.  or  150 
,  201.  od.  squares,  10  by  8,  for  jcs.  td. 
,    20S.  od.  Putty,  \d.  per  lb.  :  Paint, 

,  ios.od.  ready  mixed,  inilb.,  alb. , 
35s.  od.  4lb.,  and  71b.  tin?,  at  $d. 
,  32s.  oi.  per  lb.  Other  sizes  of  Glass 
.  35^-  c^-  I  quoted  for  on  application, 
.wn  Warehouse,  seldom  any  breakage, 
ill  oblige  by  making  then-  Frames  to  suit 
the  above  sizes. 

HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

Wholesale  Glass  Warehouse, 
Sard  10,  ALFRED  STREET.  BOAR  LANE.  LEEDS. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats.    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,  Manures,  &c       Cheapest  prices  of 
V/ATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


1 31.  bd. 


All  Glass  packed  i 
ntending  purchaser 


"SIMPLESS"  FLOWER-POT  CLEANSER. 

Will  Clean  any  sized  Pot  Inside  and  Out  at  same  time 

without  alteration.     Can  be  Fi.xed  to  any 

Tub  or  Tank. 

Price  of  Cleanser,    without   Tut),   £2  12s.  6d. 

Less  i\i  per  cent,  for  Cash  with  Order. 

Tub  supplied  if  required.      Price  on  application. 


Orders  to  be  sent  to  Sole  Proptietor, 
W.  E  BENNETT,  Tliurstones,  Leyland.  near  Preston 

TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  ProTecting^Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  2,/.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  ividlhs,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.  Price  LIST  on  application. 
J.   BLACKBURN  and  SUNS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street, 


IRISH 


FISH  NAPKINS,  =r.  zid.  per  dozen.  DINNER 
NAPKINS,  5s.  6i.  per  doz.  TABLE  CLOTHS, 
ayardssquare,  21.  iirf.  TABLE  CLOTHS. 
2%  by  3  yards,  51.  ii</.  each.  KITCHEN 
TABLE  CLOTHS,  ii'4i.  each.  LINEN 
SHEETING.  2.yds.  wide,  ir.  ii,/.  per  yard. 
"'"'"■  d  LINEN  DIAPERS, 


FINE  LINENS 


■'^  riAMAQ^  "°'' p")"*-   SURPLUS 

~^^    UrtlVlrtOrX   LINEN,  VAd.  per  yard. 


LINEN    DUSTERS,    31.  yi   pe"r  do 
GLASS  CLOTHS,  41.  6j.  per  doz.     Strong 
HUCKABACK   TOWELS,   41.  6</.  dozen. 

TABLE  &  HOUSE  LINEN 


105,000  Accidents. 
For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
Company.  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ;{:2«o.oco  :  Premium  Income,  /235.0CO 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


FIVE   GOLD    MEDALS 

BORWICKS 


FOR  PASTRY,PUDDINCS,TEA-CAKES 
AND   WHOLESOME    BREAD. 


Children's  1/5  I  Hemstitched. 

Ladies'  ..2/6     Ladies*. .  3/11 

Gents     -.3/8     Gents'  . .  6/9 

per  dozen.     |      per  dozen. 

All  Pure  Flax. 

The  Cambrics 


POCKET 


of    Ro 


,  of  Ger-  world-widefame." 

many.  C'een. 

,  CLEAVER  \°I^?I?T^    HANDKERCHIEFS 


Farms,  Estates.  Residences 

\nj    one  dc  imub  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  sl-\  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Alidland Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  lo 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'AKBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  M.ARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  ra65,  by  F.  Bt'RVE- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodicas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  -los.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK, 
•  Tottenham  Nurseries,  at  Dedemsvaart.  near  Zwolle. 
Netherlands,  bees  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  fe«  VACANCIES 
for  young  GEN  TLEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 
tuition  in  PRACTICAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  HORTICUL- 
TURE,  LANGUAGES.  &c.— For  reference  apply  to  Mr. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,  The  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham, 
London,  N. 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  WORKING  GAR- 
DENER where  two  are  kept.  Must  thoroughly 
understand  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden  and  Greenhouse.  — 
C.  C.  KNIGHT,  Weyboume  House,  Farnham.  Surrey. 

WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  to  take  Charge 
of  three  or  four  Small  Houses,  where  a  boy  is  kept. 
Must  understand  Market  Business.— Apply,  by  letter,  to  G.  J.. 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Oflfice,  41,  Wellington.Streel, Strand,  W.C. 


August  i,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


159 


WANTED,  as  SECOND  GARDENER, 
a  young  man,  of  good  character  (about  20  years  of  age), 
chiefly  for  the  Houses  but  willing  to  assist  Outdoor.  Wages 
i8j.  per  weelc.  Must  be  well  recommended. — Apply,  with  lull 
particulars,  to  G.  GOODILL,  The  Gardens,  Henley  Hall, 
Ludlow,  Salop. 

Nursery  Foreman  Wanted. 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  in 
a  Provincial  Nursery.  Must  be  an  expert  Budder 
and  Grafter,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Fruit  Trees,  Evergreens, 
&c.,  and  be  competent  to  execute  orders.  Liberal  wages  offered 
to  a  suitable  man.  —  Apply,  stating  age,  reference,  &c.,  to 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Cirencester. 

WANTED,  TWO  active  and  intelligent 
Young  MEN.  One  for  ihe  Houses,  the  other  for 
Budding  and  other  work  amongst  Roses  out-of-doors.— Apply, 
stating  terms,  &c.,  to  WM.  RUMSEY,  Joyning's  Nurseries, 
Waltham  Crois. 

WANTED,  a  steady  MAN  to  attend  to  the 
Fires.  Good  character  indispensable.— Apply,  stating 
wages  required  to  WILLS  and  SEGAR,  Royal  Exotic 
Nursery,  bouth  Kensington,  London,  W. 


WANT    PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IF. 
RLCHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hand!  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  oj  Rcmittittg 
is  by  POST-OFFLCE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  '■•  Poste  Restiinte"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

RB.  LAIRD  and  SONS  (Successors  to  the 
•  Lite  Firm  of  DowNlE  &  Laird)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wi  h  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCOTCH  GAK- 
DENERS.  whose  character  and  abilities  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Eslabhshmentsor  Single-handed 
Situatio.s  ;  also  h-(lREMEN,  UNDER  GARDENERS,  and 
FARM    KAILIFFS.~!7.  Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents. 
STF.VVARUS.   BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wuh 
particulars,  &c-  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

TO     LANDED     PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 
McIntvrh  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodellmg  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

TO  NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smart,  sound,  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWARDS,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c.,  in  Obtaining  Men  specially 
suitable  for  their  requirements. -VICCARS  COLLYER  and 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 

MANAGER. — Age  29  ;  thorough  practical 
Seedsman  and  Florist,  with  sixteen  years'  experience 
and  highest  testimonials,  will  shortly  be  open  for  re-engagement. 
—A.  C,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsditch.  E. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  44  ;  thoroughly 
experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Twelve 
years  with  present  employer.— J.  DOVEV,  the  Gardens, 
Sugnall,  Eccleshall    Stafford. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept. — Age  45.  married  ;  good  practical  knowledge 
of  the  profession.  Six  years  in  present  and  twelve  in  previous 
places.— J.  W.,t57,Elsley  Road, Shaftesbury  Patk,London,S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  has  lived 
three  years  as  Foreman  in  present  place.  Can  be  highly 
recommended  from  present  employer. — A.  H.,  The  Gardens, 
Casino  House,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.  — Canon  Hole,  Cauntoo  Manor,  Newark-on- 
Trent,  recommends  H.  Dowdiag,  who  has  lived  with  him  for 
five  years,  as  well  qualified  in  every  way  for  the  situation.— 
Apply,  H.  DOWDING,  Ditchampton,  Wilton,  Salisbury. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  thorough 
practical  experience  with  Oithids,  Plants,  Fruit, 
Forcing,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Excellent  cha- 
racter.—H.  PAYNE,  1,  North's  Terrace,  Blackhouse  Lane, 
Walthamstow. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  35,  married,  no 
children.— a  Gentleman  wisnes  to  recommend  his  late 
Head  Gardener.  Seventeen  years'  character.  Undeistands 
his  duty  thoroughly.— ALFRED  BASSOON,  Esq.,  Weiileigh, 
Brenchley,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  family  ; 
understands  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Garden,  and  Poultry.  Three  years'  good  character  from  last 
and  previous  employers. — A,  B.,  60,  Hillside,  West  Hill, 
Sydenham,  S.E. 


r:iARDENER    (Head)  ;    age   30.— An 

V^  energetic  painstaking  ejuLiieJ  man,  with  fifteen  years' 
superior  practical  and  scientm  experience  in  all  branched  of 
Gardening  and  Horticulture,  desires  a  situation  as  above. 
First-class  character  and  testimonials.  —  F,  W.  S.,  Eastcote, 
Pinner,  Middlesex.  

(^ ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  31, 

\^  married  :  seventeen  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of 
the  profession.  Five  and  a  half  years'  good  character.— F. 
TUCKER,  Slratton-on-Fosse,  near  Bath. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  3S, 
married  ;  thoroughly  qualified  \\\  the  Growing  or  choice 
Fruit,  Flowers.  Ferns,  and  Management  of  a  well  kept  Garden. 
Good  recommendations  from  present  and  past  employers. — B. , 
Hope  Cottage.  Burnt  Oak,  Edgware,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
ormoreare  kept.  — Mailed,  three  children  ;  thoroughly 
versed  in  the  different  branches.  Has  filled  good  positions 
during  past  twelve  years  where  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables 
have  been  grown  in  large  quantities,  Good  character.  — FORE- 
MAN. Bigg's  Nurseries,  Lewi^h.im.  S.E. 

ARDENER  (Head)  or  GARDENER  and 

BAILIFF.— Age  49,  no  family  ;  understands  every  branch 
of  the  profession.  Testimonials  and  references  of  the  highest 
class.— r.  L.,  Mrs.  Williams,  12,  Bertha  Road,  Greet,  near 
Birmingham. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working)  or  FORE- 

MAN.  — Age  27;  active  and  industrious.  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  all  branches.  Excellent  references.— C.  W. ,  66, 
Bridge  Road  West,  Battersea,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE- 

MAN  in  a  good  establishment.  — Age  26,  single  ; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Abstainer.  —  R.  J. 
WALTERS,  The  Gardens,  Clifton  Hall,  Nottingham. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
HANorp). — Age  31.  single;  thoroughly  understands 
Fruit,  Flower  and  Vegetable  tiaidening.  Good  reference. 
Near  London  preferred. —E.  JAMES,  East  Worldbam,  Alton, 
HanLs. 


GARDENER  (He.\d,  or  good  Sinqle- 
handed).— Age  34,  manied,  no  family;  sixteen  years' 
experience.  Ihoroughly  competent.  Highly  recommended  by 
present  employer.— T.  MARTIN,  Coleman's  Lodge,  Prittle- 
well,  Essex. 

/ "i  ARDENER  (PRACTICAL  Working,  where 

VJ  two  are  kept,  or  Singlh-hanbed).- Widower,  middle- 
aged,  four  children  (youngest  aged  6)  ;  over  six  years'  good 
ciiaracter  in  present  situation.  No  objection  to  pony  and 
carriage  in  a  comfortable  place. — W.,  Post  Office,  Barnham 
Broom,  Wymondham. 

C"!  ARDENER  (Single-handed    or    Head 
T     WuRKlNr.).-Age  41  :  laree  experience  in  all  brai  ches. 
Good     character.  —  A.    MACKMURDO,     Halcyon    House, 


/^ARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED).— Age  28, 
VJ  single  ;  good  experience.— A.  B  ,  10,  Campden  Street, 
Kensington,  W. 

/^ARDENER    (good    Single-handed),  or 

V_X  where  a  boy  is  kept. — Age  40,  married  ;  total  abstainer. 
— T.  C.  WORSLEY,  Nurserjman,  Linslade,  Leighton,  Beds. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
another  is  kept.— Age  28,  mairied.  one  child  ;  under- 
stands Greenhouse,  Flower,  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Four  years' 
good  characler— H.  STONEMAN,  Upton  Pyne,  near  E.xeter. 

/"I  ARDENER   (SINGLE-HANDED,   Or    other- 

VJ  wise). — Age  33,  married,  two  in  family  (seven  and  five)  ; 
thoroughly  understands  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardening.  Six  years'  good  character.— A.  B.,  The  Cottage, 
ItchingfieUI,  Horsham. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed.— 
Single :  good  experience  in  Forcing  Pines,  Vines, 
Cucumbers,  Melons,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Eleven 
years' experience.  Good  character .-D.  WATKINS,  Stralhfield- 
saye.  Winchfield.       

ARDENER  (Single-handed, or  Second), 

1  Floral  Business.  — Age  20  ;  eight  years'  excellent 
characler.  Has  had  experience  in  (3rchids,  Bulbs,  Plants,  &c.  ; 
also  in  Floral  Trade.— WILLIAM  GEORGE,  6,  Portmao 
Mews,  Portman  Square,  London.  W. 

/"^ARDENER  (SECOND).— Age   24;   recom- 

VjT  mended  by  Head  Gardener.— WM.  FLETCHER, 
6,  Lett  Street.  Heme  Hill.  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Second),  or  good  JOUR- 
NEYMAN.—Age  22:  seven  years'  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  profession.  Can  be  highly  recommended  from 
previous  situations.— D.  G.,  The  Garden,  Grey  Court,  Ham, 
Richmond,  Surrey. 

("^.ARDENER    (Under),     or    JOURNEY- 

^J  MAN,  in  a  good  establishment,  —  Age  23  ;  good 
character.  Seven  years'  experience.— J.  K.,  i,  Elgin  Terrace, 
Maida  Vale,  London,  W. 

ARDENER  (Under),  or  IMPROVER  in 

a  Gentleman's  Gaiden.— Age  \Z\  four  years  in  present 
situation.  Good  recommendation.-F.  RANSOM,  The  Gar- 
dens,  Woodstock  Park,  Sittingbourne,  Kent. 


G 


LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  FLORAL 
D  ECORATOR.— Advertiser  is  lully  competent  to  under- 
take either  or  both  of  the  above.  Highest  references.— T., 
C<ird,ners'  Clironkle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Rtrand,W,C. 

IQREMAN.  —  To    Gardeners    requiring    a 
Foreman,   apply  to  J.  COVENTRY,   Berry  Hill,  Tap- 
low,  Bucks. 

FOREMAN. —  Age  25;  eleven  years'  ex- 
perience ;  well  up  in  Floral  Decorations.  &c.  Can  be 
highly  recommended  frcm  present  employer.— W.  DAVEY, 
Moor  Park  Gardens,  Rickmansworth,  Herts. 


F 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24; 
eight  and  a  half  years'  experience  in  good  situations. 
Excellent  references.— Apply,  suting  particulars,  F.  CLIP- 
STONE,  Coddington,  Newark,  Notts. 

1.^0REMAN. — Has  had  good  expeiience  in 
first-class  establishments  in  England  and  abroad.  Under- 
stands Vines,  Peaches,  Cucumbers.  Melons,  and  Orchids,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  &c.  Very  highest  references. — S., 
rSo,  High  Street,  Southampton. 

1  FOREMAN  (General). —  Has  a  good 
knowledge  of  Orchids,  also  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture,  and 
Kitchen  Garden,  &c.— For  references,  &c.,  address  J.  P.  J.,  83, 
Lots  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

FOREMAN,  or  SECOND.TnTiie^  Houses.— 
Age  23  ;  can  be  well  recommended.  Three  years  in 
present  and  three  informer  situation.— E.  GIBBONS.  Abbots- 
field,  Mannamead,  Plymouth. 

T^OREMAN,   or   SECOND;    age    23.— 

J-  I  can  with  confidence  recommend  Herbert  Dix,  who  has 
been  with  me  nearly  five  years  as  above.  Nine  years'  ex- 
perience.—GARDENER,  Henley  Hall,  Ludlow,  Salop. 

PROPAGATORandGROWER,forMa'-ketor 
otherwise.- Age  30,  married  ;  fifteen  years'  practical  ex- 
perience. Pelargoniums,  Bouvardias,  Cyclamen,  Fuchsias,  &c. ; 
Roses,  Choice  Cut  Flowers,  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos.  Good 
references.— S.  L.,  Albert  Terrace,  South  Street,  Peterborough. 


G 


ROWER  of  Pelargoniums  and  Roses  for 

Market,   Cut   Flowers,  &c.,  or  otherwise.-F.    CARR, 
Nuffield  Road,  East  Dulwich.  S.E. 


To  Nurserymeu. 
ROWER  (General),  in  a  Market  Nursery. 

— Age  25  ;  nine  years'  good  experience.  — P.,    Ranelagh 
ens,  Leamington.  ^ 


TOURNEYMAN    (First),    in   the    Houses; 

O  age  23.— Mr.  Silver,  Gardener  to  Lord  Trevor,  can 
highly  recommend  his  First  Journeyman  to  any  one  requiring 
a  thoroughly  competent  trustworthy  young  man.  —  Bryn- 
kinalt  G,irdens,  Chirk,  North  Wales. 

TOURNEYMAN,   in  the  Houses.— Seven 

^  years' experience.  Good  references.  Bothy  preferred. — C. 
FERMER,  Louis  Villas,  26.  Western  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


TOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.- 

^      six    years'    experience.      Good    chaiacter.  — 
HAM.  30A,  Hyde  Sireet,  Winchester,  Hants. 


-Age  2f    ; 
T.    WARE- 


TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a 

^'      establishment —Age  25.     Hiehly  recommended.— 
The  Gardens,  Wood  Green  Park,  Cheshunt. 


Val 


O  U  R  N  E  Y  M  A  N.— Age  23  ;    well  up  in 

General  Nuisery  Work,   Forcing,  Growing  Palms,  Ferns, 
Excellent   references.— G.  P.,  39,    Elgin  Terrace,  Maida 
■,  London.  W. 


JOURNEYMAN.— Mr.  W.  Bowell,  Stawell 
House  G,-irdens,  Richmond,  Surrey,  wdl  be  very  pleased 
to  recommend  Walter  Steven  to  any  Gentleman's  Gardener  as 
Journeyman.  Has  been  with  him  for  three  years,  and  is  now 
seeking  a  change. 


IMPROVER,   in   a   good   establishment,    or 
Nursery. — Age  2!  ;  four  and  a  half  years*  experience. — 
W.  ABBOTT,  Haversham,  near  Newport  Pagnell,  Bucks. 

TM  PROVE  R,   in  the  Houses.— Age  17  ;  four 

J-  years'  experience.  Bothv  preferred. — As  to  character,  &c., 
apply  to  Mr.  W.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Nevill  Court,  Tun- 
bridge Wells,  Kent. 

To  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted  a  situation 
in  a  Gentleman's  Garden,  by  a  respectable  youth 
(age  10)  Good  references.  Been  in  Garden  three  years. — 
H.  TkOWLES,  3,  Abbey  L.ane,  Kilburn.  N.W. 


TO  MARKET  GARDENERS  and  FRUIT 
GROWERS.— Advertiser  (age  24)  wishes  to  hear  of  a 
situation  in  the  above,  where  he  could  learn  the  business. 
Would  give  his  services  for  short  time.-S.  W.  D.,  The  Estate 
Agency,  Rosendale  Road,  West  Dulwich,  London,  S.E. 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser  wishes  to 
enter  a  Nursery  with  the  view  of  extending  his  know- 
ledge of  the  business.  Could  take  position  of  trust.  Good 
address  — N.,  Gtirdtmrs'  Chronlde  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN. — Nine  years'  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade,  First-class 
references.  —  A.  B.  D.,  Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown,  &  Tait, 
Manchester. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

CLERK. — Age  24  ;  considerable  practical 
knowledge  and  experience  (acquired  in  Scotland). 
Knows  Plants.  Can  Test  for  Adulteration  in  Manures,  and  has 
made  a  special  study  of  the  Agricultural  Grasses,  S:c. — T.  B., 
Gardenen'  C/trmfcltOfl'ice,  41,  Welhngtoo  Street,  Strand, W.C. 


ASSISTANT.— Wanted  ijy  a  young  m.an, 
situation  as  above.  Fivft  years'  good  experience.  Ex- 
cellent reterences.-Mr.  ALPHA,  Post  Office,  Old  Swan, 
Liverpool. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—Debilitated  Constitutions.— When  climate,  age,  or 
hardships,  have  undermined  the  health,  skin  diseases  are  prone 
to  arise  and  augment  the  existing  weakness.  Holloway's  me- 
dicaments daily  prove  most  serviceable  even  under  the  most  un- 
toward circumstances.  This  well-known  and  hjghly-esteemed 
Ointment  possesses  the  finest  balsamic  virtues,  which  sooihe 
and  heal  without  inflaming  or  irritating  the  most  tender  skin  or 
most  sensitive  sore.  Holloway's  Ointment  and  Pills  are  in- 
fallible for  Curing  Bad  Legs,  Varicose  Veins,  Swelled  Ankles, 
Erysipelas,  Scaty  Skin,  and  every  variety  of  Skin  Disease. 
Over  all  these  disorders  Holloway's  remedies  exert  a  quick  and 
favourable  action,  and,  where  cure  is  possible,  gradually  but 
certainly  arrive  at  that  consummation.  They  are  invaluable  in- 
the  cure  of  Scrofula  and  Scurvy. 


i6o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  i,  1885. 


Afpointtd  by  Royal  Warrant  Makers  to 

Eel  MEOestr  tbe  Queen  and  His  Royal  Highness  tlie 

Prince  of  Wales. 

GREEN'S 

PATENT 

"  Silens  Messor"  and  "  Multum  in  Parvo" 

LAWN  MOWERS 

Have  been  proved  to  be  the  best,  and  they  have  carried  off  every 
Prize  in  all  cases  of  competition.  .  . 

Every  Lawn  Mower  is  guaranteed  to  give  entire  satisfaction, 
otherwise  they  maybe  returned  AT  ONCE,  free  of  cost  to  the 
Purchaser,  


HAND    MACHINES, 

"Silens  Messor  '  Pattern. 


cut    o   n    w  de  o      1  we  70 

cut    2  n  w  de         4  10    o    To  cu   j     o   w  de         80 
cut  14   n  w  de         5  10    n  |  To  cut  22  n   w  de         8  10 

To  cut  24   n    wde  £900 

For  Donkey,  Pony  and  Horse  Machines,  see  Price  List. 

GREEN'S   PATENT 

■  MULTUM  IN  PARVO ' 

MOWER. 

,le  for  Small  Gr! 

:ful  Machine 
th  Grass  Box 


11  plat.,  cutlmg  L 
bedi,  the  edtes  of  walks,  >Vl  It 
machine,  and  very  easy  to  work 


hindy. 


GREEN'S  PATENT 
GRASS    EDGE    CLIPPER. 

With  Chain  and  Wheel  Motion, 
■eful  Machine. 

Price,  £1 163. 
Packing  Case,  21. 


GREEN'S    PATENT 

(No.   2412) 

LAWN    TENNIS 

COURT    MARKER. 

Price  203. 
Small  Bag  of  Marking  Composi- 
tion, Mat,  and  Packing,  ij.  6d. 


;-^^^^J|^%^#^ 


Price  List  free  on  application. 

The  above  Machines  can  be  had  of  all  respectable  Iron- 
mongers and  Seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom,  or  direct  from 
the   Manufacturers, 

THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON 

(LIMITED), 

SMITHFIELD  IRONWORKS,  LEEDS;  and 

SURREY  WORKS.  BLACKFRIAKS  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.E. 

Carriage  paid  to  'ill  the  Pnncip.i!   Raihv.iy  Sialious  in 
the  United  Kingdom. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS    and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS.  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greentionses,  Peach  Bouses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  thr  vrrv  bhst. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  Our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

/Vi'T,  Estimates  atid  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom, 
Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHABQES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,   owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen     ill  do  weU  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  which  no  charge  Is  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,   I'l 
Forcing  Houses,  &'c.,  recrnt/y  erected  by  M,  6*  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


.  Plant  Houses, 


MESSENGER     &.     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOEOUGH.  

HORTICULTDRAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &C. 


S  s  . 


JAMES    BOYD    &    SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  and 

HEATING  ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 

LONDON  OFFICE  :    48,  PaU  Mall,  S.W. 


D  n 

O  !0 


?  o 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WAKMINO  CHURCHES.   SCHOOLS,  FUBUC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3jd. 
VV.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  VV.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellmgton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  Lo]  ■** 

Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Brauburv,  Agnf.w,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefnars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
the  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturdav,  August  1 


Agent  for  Manchester — John  He 


Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs  J.  Menzibs  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


CfitailisftetJ  1841. 


No.  606.— Vol.  XXIV.  {s^r'L}     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  8,  li 


(Registered  at  the  General  \      Price  6d. 
Post-ofiice  as  a  Newspaper.  j'posT-FREE,    s\d. 


CONTENTS. 

Alpine     plants     on      the  I  Oilontoglossuir 


Belladonna 

nS 

I'.i^Md..,.,.  l,:,[,l,-,.aion  of 

B  tany  and  gardening  .. 

..     f.J^tida 

Burford  Lodge    .. 

i6s 

Pea,  Ameer 

Camellias 

167 

Plan  of  s.  suburban  gar- 

Campanula Hendersoni . . 

tH? 

den 

Conandron    ramondioides 

Caltleya  Lawrenceana  .. 

inS 

P.umSt.  Etienne 

Compendium  of  the    Ita- 

Propagator, the    ., 

lian  flora 

178 

Pticcmia  betomcse.  abnor- 

Date Palm,  the    . . 

17S 

mal  lorm  of 

Disease  in  plants . . 

iRt 

Rabenhorst's     Crj'ptoga- 

Douglas,  David  .. 

Drought     .. 

176 

Ratmg  of  nurseries 

Eucalyptus 

ib7 

Reichart,  Dr 

Florists'  flowers   .. 

Root  structure      .. 

Flower  garden,  the 

Royal    Horticultural    So- 

Forestry    .. 

ciety,  First-class  Certi- 

F ungus,  a  Pine  destroying 

iVg 

ficates     

Grouping    in   the    green- 

house at  Kew   .. 

Carmarthen     Horticul- 

Hardy shrubs 

tural     . . 

Honicutture,  schools  of.. 

ifiH 

International  Horticul- 

Iceland, Flora  of.. 

tural,  Aniwerp 

Industrial   exhibitions  at 

Liverpool  Horticultural 

flower  shows     . . 

1R7 

Association    .. 

Insects,  common  garden 

iSo 

Newbury  Horticultural 

Ins  laevigata 

Northampton  Horticul- 

Jubilee   year    of    Queen 

tural    

Victoria 

176 

Oxford    Union    Carna- 

Malvastrum Gilliesii      .. 

,f.fS 

tion  and  Picotee 

Market  gardening 

Southampton    .. 

Mormodes  luxatum  ebur- 

Specialist's  garden,  a 

Nice  point,  a 

1«7 

Turner  Memorial            176 

Obituar>'  :— 

Valerianella  eriocarpa      . . 

1K7 

Vine  of  Kinnell,    the   big 

EUacombe.  Rev.  H.  T. 

187 

Weather,  the 

ILLUSTR 

ATIONS 

Cattleya  Lawrenceana,  ho 

Tien 

Odontoelossum  coronarium 

T 


Now  Ready.  In  eloth,  163 

HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 
JANUARY  to  JUNE. 


Volume  XXllI., 


W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellins 


I  Stri 


,  Sirand.  W.C. 


'J^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6. 35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Aerrt  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT.  814.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Dnlers  may  He  sfnl. 


EOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
SHOW  of  PLANTS.  FLOWERS   and  VEGETABLES,  in 
the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEX  T,  Auausl  11.     Fellows 
admitted  at  12  o'ClocV.     Visitors  to  the  International  Inventions 
Exhihiiioii  admitted  free  at  i  [•  M. 


PJOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
^  South  Kensington,  S.W, 

NOTICE  I  — COMMITTEES'  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  HAM.,  in  the  Conservatory,  and  SHOW  of  PLANTS 
and  FLOWERS  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  Augmt  if. 

N.B.- Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  sioe  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 


DUDLEY    and    DISTRICT    CHRYSAN- 
THEMUM. FRUIT,  and  FLOWER  EXHI8I1TON 

will  be  held,  under  distingui-hed  patronage,  in  the    Mechanics' 
Insliiule,    D.  dley,    on    TUESDAY,     WEDNESDAY,     and 
THURSDAY.  Nov.  10,  ii.and  la     T  he  Piize  Li<t  is  now  ready 
and  may  be  obtained  from  Mr.  WM.  WOOUHOUSE,  Sec 
Mechan  Ci'  Institute,  Dudley.  Worcestershire. 

SHROPSHIRE     H  O  R  T I  C  U  LT  URAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  GREAT    SUMMER   SHOW  will  be  held  at  Shrews- 
bury on  WK  DNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  Au8ust  tqand  2.. 
TWENTY  PLANTS,  in  variety,  l^i,  I20,  .£15. 
Si.hedulcs  free  on  application  to 

ADNITT  ANn  NAUNTON,  Hon.  Sees..  Shrewsbury. 


WILTS    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY 
SHOW.  Salisbury.  AUGU.ST  20.     Division  A  Open 
12  STOVE  and  GREEN HtjUSE  FLOWERING  PLANTS 
ist   Frize,  i;.5:     12  VARIEGATED  and   FINE-FOLIAGE 
STOVE    ana    GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,     ist   Prtre,  £13. 


Sal  sbury.   ^-  «'  WILLIAMS.  Hon.  Se, 


B 


ATH  AUTUMN  SHOW,  WEDNESDAY 

and    THURSDAY,     September   2  and   3. 
Amongst  the  P.izts  otlered  are  :- 
For  12  Ornamental    Foliage  Plants,  1st,  .t6  ;  2d,  /j  ;  3d    {,^. 
For  12  Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants,  in,  ;£i2  ;  2d,  ^8  ;  3d,  U. 
For  8  Dishes  of  Fruit,  isl,  £3  :   2d,  {.I  :   ,d.  £.<. 
For  8  Bunches  ol  Grapes,  isi.  .65  ;  2d.  Cl  ;  3d,  ^2. 
Five  other  Classes  for  Grapes  in  varieties.  Prizes  in  proportion. 
Entr  es  close  August  29.    For  Schedules,  apply  to  14,  Milsom 
reet,  Bath.  BEN.  PEARSON,  Sec. 


MESSRS.  WILLIAM  CUTBUSHandSON 
(Limited),    of  the    Nfrrseries.    Hiehgate,    Kainet.   and 
Finchlev,   beg  to  inl.-rm  their  Patrors  and  ilie  Public  senerallv. 
that  their  Business  will  be  carritd  on  as  heretofore,  and  that  all 
'e  the  .same  pro.npt  and 


eful  a 


rusted    to   them   wil 
lution  as  hitherto. 

Hiahgale  Nurse 


:s,  London,  N. 


VyHOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE.— 

'  »        The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 

It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Cu^lomers  ;  any  not  havinfj 
received  a  Copy  *ill  oblige  by  letting  us  knjw.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   AMD  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb   Merchants, 


13,  Ex 


r  Street,  StranH,  W.( 


Tree  CarnaUons  and  Tea  Roses. 
tT    B.   MAY  ofters  a  splendid  batch    in  48's, 

.*-^-t  •     chiefly  Miss  Joliffe  and  Andalusia  ;  also  a  quantity  in 
6o's,  fit  for  immediate  potting. 

TEA  ROSES,  Niphetos,   Isabella  Sprunt,  and  others,  fine 
stuff.     Price  per  dozen  or  loo  on  application. 
Dyson's  Lane  Nursery.  Upper  Edmonton. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
grans.        KELWAV  and  ^ON.  Langport.  Somerset. 

LILIUMS      for      DECORATION.  —  Good 
PlantsofLlLIUM  AUKATUMandLANCIFOLIU.vl. 
sorts,  in  buJ  and  coming  into  llower.     Price.  91.  and  i2j  per  do2. 
S    H    MERCHANT.  Loampil  Vale,  Lewisham,  S.  E. 

IpiGHIY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
-'  Pots,  ol  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  .'hade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i2f.  to  24^,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

To  the  Trade. 

QEAFORTHIA      ELEGANS.  —  Seed   just 

^    arrived  in  fine  condition      Write  for  lowest  Trade  price 
H.  DAM  MANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


fPEA    ROSES.— Large    Plants   of   Niphetos 

-■-      and  others,  from  4  feet  to  6  feet  high.     Grown  expre-slv 
for  cut  flowers.     Price  on  application. 

H.  B.  MAY,  Dy„ou's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Etimonton.  ' 

TDALMS,   specially   Hardy   Grown    for    Cool 

-*-  Greenhouses  and  Dwellingh.  uses.— Laiania  borb.nica 
and  Seaforihia  elagans.  splendidly  loliaged,  20  ii.rhes  high,  i  zr. 
per  doz-n  ;  ..ample  plants,  11.  yi  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high', 
tSJ.  period  ;  sample  12  for  41.  .Ail  packages  and  parcels  pnvt  tree, 
io  GARDENER.  Holly  Lo.<ge,SiamlordH. 


Postal  c 


A 


QUILEGIA    GLANDULOSA   (true),    4,1. 

per  dozen,  carriage  paid.     Fresh  SEED,  ij  ,  ii,  6</,,  and 
6j.  per  packet. 


J  A.  MORRISON,  The  N 


Elgii 


_^  New  Turnip  Seed. 

(CHARLES    SHAKPK    and    CO.   have   to 

v.-'     offer,    of    crop    iSS;,     their    chjice    selected   stocks    of 
TURNl  P.S  for  present  sowing 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO..  Seed  Merchants.  Sleafotd. 

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,   in  large 
6o"s.  for  potting  on  or  planting  out.     Low  prices  to  l„e 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  api,licaiion. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,  Nu.s>r) man,  Richmond. Surrey. 

LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants.  3./.        Price  LIS  f  free. 
W.  LOVeL  andSON. 
Strawberry     Crnivers        DnISeld. 


Strawberries  for  Present  Planting. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S     Descriptive     and 
Priced  CATAI  OGUE  can  be  had  on  ap  ' 

The  Royal  Niirserie.s.  Slough. 


w 


ISE  AND  RlIJt;S,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
-   -    open^  to     RECEIVE    CONSIGNMENTS    of 


CHOICE  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
LongMarket,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  line  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  'iomatos.  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

QQUELCH         AND     ^BaTrn^HAM, 

^      giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

S~QUE  LCH         AND        BARN  HAJVL 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daUy,  and 
CHFQUES  forwarded  weeklv. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABl-LS  supplied. 


w 


BeddliiK  Pelargoniums. 
ANTED,  CUTTINGS.     State  sorts  and 


H.  CANNELL  . 


SONS,  Swanley,  Kent. 


WANTED,      well-rooted      Double      White 
GERANHJM  CUTIINGS,  or  CUTTINGS.     State 
names  and  lowest  price  per  1000. 
T.  Wood,  Rudgeway  House  Nurseries,  Eastville,  Bristol. 


'OW  AT  ONCE. 


c 


c 


ABBAGE.— CARTER'S    HEART-WELL. 

—  Prorounced  to  be  the  finest  Faily  C.bbjge  in  culliva 
Very  divtinci.  The  heads  are  extremely  firm,  weighing 
to  6  lb.  In  sealed  packets  only.  Per  packet,  i..  and 
ler  ounci*,  zs.  post-free. 

lABBAGE.  —  CARTER'S        MAM^IOTH 

BEEFHEART.-Th- best    Main-crrp  Garden  Cabbage 

1  cultivation  ;  very  large   fi.m  heads,  ol  exqui^iie  fl.v  .ur,  very 

ilside  leaves,  and  does  not   readily  run.      1  he  finest  siim- 


r  Cabbage  kn 


id.. 


aled  packet 


pai 


iket. 


CARTERS,  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
HR.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 


London,  W_C. 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS  FOR  MARKEt 
GROWERS.  — Purchasers  should  call  and  inspect  our 
samples  before  buying  el<ewhere.— James  CARIER,  DUN- 
NETT  AND  BEaLE,  231  and  23S,Hieh  H.lbnrn,  London, W.C. 

To  tne  Trade. 
AITE,  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 

CATALOGUE  of  BULBS  to  all  their  Ciistomer=  ;  if 
Copy  will  be  sent  on  applic 


w 


79.  S)OUlhw 


,  London,  S.E. 


B 


U  L  B  S        TO 


B  E 


SOLD 


Double    White    NARCIS5US       Pheasinl's-eye     NARC 

iUS   and  DAFFODILS.    A  larfe  assortment  ol  these  >upe; 

Julbs  are  clT-red  to  the  'trade  for  ihe  Season  1885.     Apply  t 

W.  A.  BARKER,  East  l^heen,  Su.rey. 


c. 


Hyacinths  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies.  &c. 
G.  VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun,    Haarlem, 

Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now  ready,   and 


may  be  had 

Messrs.   R.   SILBEKRAD  AND  SON,  2s,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  EC. 


Now  in  Full  Bloom. 
"DEGONIAS.— Gold  Medal  Prize  Plants,  pre- 

-i-»  senting  an  unrivalled  fljral  display.  Visitors  are  cordially 
invited.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  from  the  West  End 
to  Catford  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 

LAING  AMD  CO..   Nurseries.    Forest  Hill,   S.E. 


URIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 

•-        Une   pl.nts    reidy   for  single  po  s,   of  the   sime   well- 
id   laree  flowerrd    strain.  »e    have  dis'nbuled    for 
_     irs.  15.  fid  perdoz-.  lor  per  10^,  12s   kii  for -.50. 
WM,   CLIBRAN  AND  Si 'N,  OLfield  Nuis.ry,  Alt, inch  m, 


.  M.rke 


,  M>nch-M 


HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  BuLB 
Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuddbnboUG  Bsos.).  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  biltain  that  he  has  established  hln..s,-lf  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  ;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trus-ed  to  him  for  so  manv  years.  He  will  be  pleased  toreceiva 
the  Wholesale  Price  LI-T,Sofhis  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 


"Yin 

NARCISSUS 

or 

DAFFODIL;" 

taining  its  History.  Po 

and  Culture, 

onHybridi 

ation,  and  Illustrated  w 

ihn 

any  Wooden 

s.   Prices. 

HARK 

AND   SON.  King  Stre 

t,  Covent  Gardei 

.  W  C. 

Now  Ready. 
fyEA  and   NOISETTE    ROSES,   in  pots,  of 

J-      best  sorts  only,    in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.    Priced  LIST  grati--.    A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
for  travellintr,  will  he  put  on   Railway  on  receipt  of  lis.  6a. 
EWING  AND  CO  .  ?ea  View  Niirse.ies.  Havanr'.  Hants 


TUHN    WATERER   and    SUN.S,    Bagshot, 

fJ       Surrey,  are    now  ofTerlng   ih^ir  two  new  DEUIZIAS    as 
exhibiied  at  Manch-sler  in  May  last,  viz    — 

DEUTZIA  WATERERI I  (Single  While),  and  D.WELLSII 
(Double  Whiie).      Price  10  Trade,  i8r.  per  dozen. 


rPEA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 

J-      select  from.     The  beautiful  puie  white  Nit,hetos,  full  of 
buds,  Marechal  NicI,  Gloire  de  DJon,  and  others  ;  iii  ,  i8i.,  to 


F.  STREE  r,  Heathcrside  Nu 


.  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


c 


Rape  Seed. 
ENGLISH  GROWN  RAPE  SEED  FOR  SOWING 
"HARLES    SHARPE    AND    CO.  have    the 

Samole  and  price  on 
:s.  Sleaford. 

NEW  STRAWBERRIES,  "  LAXTON'S 
KING  of  the  EARLlEs  "  and  '  THE  CAHTAIN." 
Orders  lor  the-eremakable  New  Srawberiies.  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Marlet  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  from 

T.  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


GLASS 


FOR      SPECIALLY       CHEAP 
see  Last  or  Next  Week's  Ca<-dit,ers'  Chro 
HY.  WAIN  WRIGHT,  Sand  10,  Alfred  St.,  Boar  Lane,  Leeds. 


1 62 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Friday  Next. -Very  ValuaWe   Importations. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  6/  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C  ,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  14,  at  half-past 
12  o'Clnck  precisely,  very  stand  importations  of  L/ELIA 
PR,«STANS  and  HARHOPHYLLA,  CATTLEYA  LEO- 
POLDI,  SACCOLABIUM  CHURCHILLIANUM,  a  most 
beautiful  novelty,  with  spikes  a  fiot  and  0>'er  in  length,  and  very 
round  pure  white  fliwers  with  dark  lip  :  a  large  double  plant  of 
CATTLEYA  EXONIENSIS,  bestvariety;  PHAIUS  HUM- 
BLOTII,  in  bloom,  parhaps  the  only  plant  in  cultivation  of 
this  extra  Hue  Orchid:  CATTLEYA  SCHILLERIANA  and 
ELDORADO  in  sound,  superb  pieces;  CATTLEYA  SUPER- 
BA  SPLENDENS,  the  Kio  Negro  variety;  GALEANDRA 
DEVONIANA,  COMPARETTIA  MACROPLECTRON  ;  a 
great  variety  of  Mexican  ORCHIDS,  &c- 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs.— Special  Trade  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  ihey  have  now  FIXED  THEIR 
SALES  OF  DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS  for  the  ensuing 
season.  The  first  AUCTION  will  take  place  on  MONDAY, 
August  17.  This  and  the  three  following  sales  will  consist  of 
lots,  specially  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  extensive  Buyers, 
and  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the  supply  of  roots  of  the 
best  quality. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  regularly  on  application.      Central 
Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside.  E.C. 


Clapliam  Common,  S.W. 
CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the  CHOICE  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  fine  specimen 
and  half-specimen  CAM  ELLI  AS  and  AZALEAS,  specimen 
FERNS  and  PALMS,  EUCHARIS,  a  fine  DAY ALLIA 
MOOREANA,  9  feet  through;  GARDEN  UTENSILS, 
LAWN  MOWER,  ROLLER,  FLOWER-STANDS, 
RUSTIC  SUMMER-HOUSE,  double  set  of  Silver- 
plated  HARNESS,  single  set  Brass  ditto;  capital  OMNl- 
CYCLE  (Butler's  patent),  and  numerous  effecis. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Lynton  House,  Clapham  Common.  S.W.  (next  door  but  one  to 
Elms  Road),  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  19,  at  i  o'Clock 
precisely,  by  order  of  Mrs.  Peirett,  who  is  leaving  the  neigh- 
bourhood. 

View  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  of  Mr.  GUYERT,  Head 
Gardener,  on  the  Premises  ;  and  of  the  Auctioners,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


Wnetstone,  Middlesex. 

Nine  miles  from  Loudon,  and  four  minutes*  walk  from 

Totteridge  Railway  Station. 

IMPORTANT     TO    MARKET    GARDENERS,     LAND 

SPECULATORS.  BUILDERS,  AND  OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Davis  &  Son  (in  consequence 
of  the  failing  health  o'  Mr.  Davis,  jun.)  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Mart,  Tokenhouse  Yard,  London.  E.C  ,  on 
THURSDAY,  September  3,  at  2  o'Clock  precisely,  in  Three 
Lots  :— 

Lot  t,  comprising  the  valuable  and  attractive  FREEHOLD 
MARKET  GARDEN,  distinguished  as  The  New  Lodge 
Nurseries,  Whetstone,  N.,  containing  an  area  of  about 
4  acres,  34  superiorly  built  Greenhouses,  containing  a  super- 
ficial area  of  nearly  80,000  feet  of  glass,  and  heated  by  about 
20,000  feet  of  4-inch  piping,  and  all  other  requisite  appliances 
for  growing  plants  and  produce  to  the  greatest  perfection  ;  the 
whole  of  the  luxuriant  and  productive  Vines  are  planted  out  ; 
the  substantially  brick-built  twelve-roomed  Residence,  three 
Cottages,  Stabling,  and  numerous  other  Trade  Erections.  This 
Lot  will  be  sold  as  a  going  concein,  together  with  the  Goodwill 
of  the  long. established  Business. 

Lots  2  and  3  will  comprise  Two  valuable  Blocks  of  eligible 
FREEHOLD  BUILDING  LAND,  containing  a  total  area  of 
about  13  acres,  with  comm.^nding  frontage  to  Oakleigh  Road, 
presenting  a  desirable  investment  for  subdivision  into  Building 
Plots. 

The  Auctioneers  would  wish  to  call  the  special  attention 
of  Market  Gardeners  to  Lot  1.  The  property  is  incomplete 
working  order,  and  it  is  indeed  seldom  that  such  an  opportunity 
presents  itself  of  securing  a  first-class  going  concern  under 
similarly  favourable  circumstances. 

May  be  viewed.  Descriptive  particulars,  with  Plans,  may 
be  had  on  the  premises;  of  Messrs.  BERRY,  BINNS,  and 
LINCOLN,  Solicitors,  27,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C.  :  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Surveyors,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Tuesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  6046.) 

SOUTH   LODGE,  SOUTHGATE,  N. 

South  Lodge  is  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Enfield  Station  on  the 

Great  Northern  Railway. 

MR.  J.  C.STEVENS 'will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  TUESDAY, 
August  II,  at  hall.past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  SMALL  COL- 
LECTION  of  ORCHIDS  formed  by  the  late  I.  S.  Law.  Esq.  ; 
also  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  FERNS, 
Tuberous-rooted  BEGONIAS,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  the  day  prior  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS, 
Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  38,  King  Street,   Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


Thursday  Next— (Sale  No,  6947.) 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.  C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  13.  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of  ESTAB- 
LISHED ORCHIDS,  the  property  of  C.  R.  Kesterton,  Esq., 
of  Nightingple  Lane,  (Clapham,  S.W.,  including  fine  specimens 
of  Cypripedium  Boxalli,  C.  insigne,  C.  Lawrenceanum.  C. 
Dominianum,  C.  Sedeni,  C.  barbatum  superbum,  C.  selligerum, 
Cattleyas,  Laslias,  Oncidiums,  Odontoglossums,  Miltonia  spec- 
tabilis     virginalis,     several     plants,      Lycastes,      Dendrobes, 


Vandas,  &c. 
On 


of  Sale,  and  Catalog 

Thursday  next.-(Sale  No.  6947.) 


had. 


MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his  SALE 
by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
TREE  AND  OTHER  FERNS  FROM  NEW  ZEALAND. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  August  13,  a 
consignment  of  CYATHEAS,  DICKSONIAS,  and  other 
TREE  FERNS,  TODEAS,  and  other  FERNS  from  New 
Zealand  in  fine  condition,  and  a  quantity  of  CLEMATIS 
CRISPAfrom  America.  Als0  35,oooPHCENIX  RECLINATA 
SEEDS,  a  fine  lot  of  CALADIUMS  in  variety,  &c 

On  view  moruug  of  Sale,  and  (^talogues  had. 


Thiu'sday  Next.— (Sale  No.  f947.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MR.  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  13,  at 
half-past  1=  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS 
in  FLOWER,  including  some  splendid  varieties  of  Cattleya 
Dowiana,  C  gigas.  and  C.  Gaskelliana,  fine  plants  of  Aerides 
quinquevulnerum,Odontoglossum  vexillarium.  rubellum,Cobbia- 
num  and  Klab.ichiana ;  O.  Pescatorei,  O.  Alexandiai,  O. 
ramosissimum,  Aeides  Lawreocia,  &c.  ;  also  about  i=o  lots  of 
good  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  in  variety. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Saturday  next.— (Sale  No.  6949.) 
DUTCH    BULBS.- TRADE    SALE. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce 
that  his  FIRST  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS  for  this 
season  will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  SATURDAY,  August  15.  at  half- 
Dast  12  o'clock  precisely,  and  will  include  consiguments  of 
first-class  double  and  single  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUSES.  NARCISSUS,  SCILLAS,  SNOWDROPS, 
and  other  BULBS  from  well-known  Farms  in  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  large  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


MESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS  beg 
to  inform  the  Trade  that  their  GREAT  SALE  of 
Winter  Flowering  HEATHS,  BOUVARDIAS.  CYCLAMEN, 
SOLANUM,  ADIANTUM.&c.wiU  take  place  in  SEPTEM- 
BER, of  which  due  notice  will  be  given. 

Longlands  Park  Nursery,  Sidcup. 


"IX7ANTED,    TO   RENT,  about  an   ACRE 

VV     of  LAND,   or  a  GENTLEMAN'S  GARDEN,  whh 
Glass  ;  also  a  COTTAGE,  suitable  for  market  purposes. 

A.  B.    Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  


FOR  SALE,  a  compact  NURSERY,  easy 
distance  from  Covent  Garden,  comprising  8  well-built 
Houses,  principally  new.  Well  heated  with  4- inch  Hot  water 
Piping.  Shed  and  covered  Stokeholes.  No  encumbrance.  No 
teasonable  oflfer refused.— J.  S.,4t.WeHingtonSl.,  Strand,  W.C. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  T.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco.  California. 


TOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 

O      Sundries.   Peat.    Loam,    Sand,   and    Berkshire  Pottery 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
Its.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N, 


Bulbs  for  Early  Forcing. 


SUTTON  &  SONS, 

Having  just  received,  in  fine  condition, 
their  first  consignment  of 

ROMAN      HYACINTHS, 

Are  prepared  to  execute  Orders  at 
the  follo'diing  prices  : — 


SINGLE   WHITE   ROMAN  HYA- 
CINTHS, finest  selected 
ditto    second  size 
SINGLE  BLUE,  ditto 


2    0 


14    0 


SEEDSMEN  BY  ROYAL  Vi^ARRANTS 

to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

B  E  A  B  I  N  Q. 


To  Nurserymen.  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C, 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

Tbe  Success  of  the  Rose  Season. 

PAUL        AND        SON'S 
Three  New  Cheshunt  Roses. 
H.P.  MADAME  NORMAN  NERUDA— The  perfection  of  a 
show  Ro^e.         First-class   Certificate  Royal    Horticultural 
Society,  July  14. 
H.P.  LONGFELLOW— The  new  Moss  Rose,  vigorous,  violet. 

Charles  Lefebvre. 
H.P.  PRIDE  of  REIGATE— The  finest  striped  real  autumnal 
flowering  Rose.     First-class  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  July  14. 
The  Set  of  the  Three,  good  Plants  in  pots,  for  budding  from  ; 
or  strong  good  Plants  in  November ;  sir.  the  Set    Order  at  once. 
The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  Herts, 


SUTTON  and  CHEAM  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY.  -  The  TWENTY-SECOND 
ANNUAL  FLOWER  SHOW,  and  County  Show  of  the 
SURREY  BEE-KEEPERS'  ASSOCIATION,  will  be  held 
(by  the  kind  permission  of  H.  Lindsay  Antrobus,  Esq.)  in  the 
Grounds  of  Lower  Cheam  House,  on  WEDNESDAY,  Aug.  12. 
Mrs.  Cubitt  will  distribute  the  Prizes  at  6  P.M.  The  Bands  of 
the  W  Division  Metropolitan  Police  and  S.M.D.  Schools  are 
engaged  for  the  occasion.  The  Grounds  will  be  opened  at 
2  o'Clock  for  Subscribers  on  presenting  their  Tickets,  and  to  the 
Public  on  payment  of  2J.  6rf.  Admission  after  4 .  1  j.  ;  after  6.  6d, 
Childlea  Half-price.  Admission  to  Bee  Tents  ;  Members,  Free  ; 
Nnn  Members.  6d.  each.  For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the 
Oflicers  of  ihe  Society,  or  Members  of  the  Committee,  or  to 
Mr.  W.  R.  CHURCH,  Sec.  ;  for  information  respecting  the  Bee 
E.xhibition  to  the  Hon.  Sec  ,  Mr.  WATERER.  the  Crmmon. 


TAUNTON  DEANE  FLORICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  EIGHTEENTH  GRAND  FLORAL  FETE  of  this 
Society  will  be  held  in  the  Vivary  Park.  Taunton  (by  kind  per- 
mission of  Dr.  KINGLAKE).  on  THURSDAY,  August  13. 
About  TWO  HUNDRED  and  FIFTY  POUNDS  will  be 
offered  as  Prizes  for  competition.  The  splendid  Band  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  Woolwich,  will  attend  during  the  Fcle  and 
Fireworks,  under  the  direction  of  Cavaliere  L.  Zavenal.  A 
grand  and  most  extensive  Display  of  Fireworks  will  be  given  in 
the  evening  by  Mr.  J.  Pain,  Pyrotechnist  to  the  Alexandra  Palace, 
including  the  Halt  in  the  Desert,  Mammoth  Balloons,  &c. 

„.,,    ,         ,     T       ,  C.H.SAMSON,  Hon.  Sec. 

The  Laurels,  Taunton. 


WARWICKSHIRE       AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
Meeting  at  Royal  Leamiugton  Spa,  1885- 
A  GRAND  HORTICULTURAL   EXHIBITION  will  be 
held  in  the  Jephson  Gardens,  Leamington,  on  WEDNESDAY 
and  THURSDAY,  September  2  and  3.     Entries  Close  Aug.  19. 
Schedules  on  application  to 

H.  J.  SARNEY,  Secretary,  Horticultural  Department. 
51,  Regent  Street,  Leamington. 


Royal  Parks,  &o.,  Grass  Seeds. 

THE  COMMISSIONERS  of  HER 
MAJESTY'SWORKS.  &c.,aie  prepared  to  RECEIVE 
TENDERS  for  the  SUPPLY  of  GRASS  SEEDS  for  usj  m 
the  Royal  Parks,  &c.,  during  the  year  1886.  Forms  of  Tender, 
containing  full  particulars,  may  be  obtained  at  this  Ofiice  auy 
day  except  Saturday  between  the  hours  of  12  and  3  Tenders 
ate  to  be  delivered  before  12  o'Clock  noon  on  Saturday,  October 
31  next,  addressed  to  the  SECRETARY,  H.M.  Ofiice  of 
Works,  &c.,  t2,  Whitehall  Place,  London,  S.W.,  and  must  be 
endorsed  "  Tender  for  Grass  Seeds.  Royal  Parks.  &c."  The 
Commissioners  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest  or 
any  Tender.  ^  g  MITFORD,  Secretary. 

H.M.   Office  of  Works.  &c.,   12,  Whitehall   Place,  S.W.— 
July  29.  1885. 

ADVERTISER  having  too  many  Orchard- 
house  Pot-trees,  wishes  to  dispose  of  about  100  APPLES, 
PEARS.  PLUMS,  and  APRICOTS,  mostly  full  of  Fruit. 
Also  twenty  choice  Hothouse  Pot  VINES,  well  fruited,  including 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Alicante,  Gros  Colmar.  &c.  Apply  to 
AM.\TEUR    I,  Elmcroft,  The  Cross  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  NURSERYMEN, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant,  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  1885.  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower.  'The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-HiU,  London,  K.C. 


By  Special  Warrant. 
"Superb  SEEDS  for  PRESENT  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
IS.  6ti.,  2s.  W.,  3s.  6ti.,  and  5s.  each.  Double  German  WALL- 
FLOWER, superb  strain,  11.  per  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
Dark  Blood-red  WALLFLOWER,  6-<'.  and  is.  oer  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "  Spring  Gardening," 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  lor  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  and  Post  free.  Seeds  and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &    SONS, 

loS,  EASTGATE  ST.,  CHESTER. 

New  Hybrid  Aloe. 

ALOE  INSIGNIS.— A  very  beautiful  and 
highly  ornamental  Alne,  raised  from  A.  drepanophylla 
fertilised  by  A.  echinata.  Flowers  remarkable  and  beautiful ; 
requires  ordinary  greenhouse  culture.  Described  and  figured 
in  this  volume  of  the  Gardeturs^  Chronicle,  p.  43,  f.  41.  Orders 
r:ceived  will  be  sent  out  later  in  the  season.  Every  one  should 
possess  this  plant.    Price  3  Guineas. 

Also  the  newplant,THALICTRUMRHYNCHOCARPUM, 
with  graceful  Fern-like  foliage,  very  ornamental.  Now  offered 
for  the  first  time  :  referred  to  in  Gardeners'  Chronicle^  vol.  xxL, 
D.  22.     Price  I  Guinea. 

Also     a    large     Collection    of     SUCCULENT    PLANTS 

TH(3MAS  COOPER,  Exotic  Nursery,  Brighton  Road, 
Redhill.  Surrey.  

Ferns.— Fems.-Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.  STRICTUM,  LOMARI A  GIBBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA.  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  2or.  per  100,  jCg  per  rooo. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 

°°ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  t\i  and  5-inch 
pots,  4or.  and  50J.  per  103. 
The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
1    Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


August  8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


163 


R      O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  iSj.  to  ■^ds.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


The  Livepool 
Horticultural   Co. 

(Joim  Cowas),  Limited, 

GRAPE  VI N E8. GS^re'viNETwhicrpe 

never  been  surpassed,  if  indeed 
equalled.  Intending  purchasers 
are  requested  to  come  and  see 
them  during  the  growing  sea- 
son. The  Black  Hamburghs 
for  fruiting  in  Pots  are  especially 
fine,  and  the  entire  stock  are 
from  eyes  this  season.  Planting 
Canes,  5J.  and  ys.  dd.  each  ; 
Fruiting  Canes,  lor.  t>d.  and 
i2.r.  td.  each. 


mn  A  0  r  O  '^'^^  Company  have  a  ver 
n  I  I  n  r  n  l^rge  ^t^clc  of  tea  and  NO] 
IIUUUUisETTE    ROSES,    comprism 


the  leading  \ 
plants  are  healthy  and  in  good 
condition  for  sending  out.  i25., 
i8j.,  and  24^.  per  dozen. 

COWAN'S       VINE       and 


AKI      II      n      r  COWAN'S       VINE       and 


OD     P     U     I      n     Q  The  Company  have  a  large 

n     I  J     n     I      I J     11      stock  of  established  and  Impor- 
II    U     II     I      kr     V-'    •  ted  ORCHIDS,  all  in  fioe  con- 
dition, and   they  are  constantly 
receiving      fresh     importations 
from  various  parts  of  the  world. 
Circulars  with  full  Particulars  on  Application. 
Special  Prices  to  the  Trade. 


THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    LIVERPOOL. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 

OF       CHOICE 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS. 

We  have  muck  pleasure  in  offering  strong    healthy 

transplanted  seedlings  from  our  s 

iperb  strains 

of  the  foll(noing : — 

Dor      loo. 

Calceolarias,  from  choicest  flowers  only, 

s.  d.     s.   d. 

beauiifullv  tigered  and  spotted 

1    6    10    6 

Carnations  and  Ficotees,   from  stage 

flowers.     Will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  fine  double  blooms 

1    6    10    6 

,.     choicest  yellow,  very  fine 

2    6.. 

Cinerarias,  from  a  grand  strain  of  beauti- 

ful fliwers         

1    6    10    6 

,,     New,  dwarf,  large  flowered,   splendid 

2    6 

Primula.  Crimson  King,  magnificent 

3    6       .. 

„     alba  magnlfica,  large,  pure  white. 

with  beautifully  fringed  flowers 

2    6.. 

,,     Daniels' choicest  red,  very  fine 

1    6    10    6 

„          „          ,,          while,  very  fine   .. 

1     6    10    6 

,,         „         ,,         mixed,  very  fine 

1     6    10    6 

,,         ,,         „         .,     extra  strong  plants  .. 

2    6    15    0 

,,     Fern-leaved,  very  choice,  mixed 

1    6    10    6 

Carriage  Free  on  receipt  of  Poit-offic 

'  Order. 

DANIELS    BROS. 

TOWN  CLOSE  NURSERIES,  NORWICH.       1 

CLEMATIS 

JACEMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Nmu  being  sent  out  at  is.  6d.  and  los.  6d.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 

Come  and  See 

5000    LILITJM    AURATUm    in    Bloom. 

Many  Spikes  with  15  to  20  large  open  Flowera, 

A        MAGNIFICENT        SPECTACLE. 

Spikes  cut  and  sent  to  order,  packing  free. 

8r.  to  lar.  per  dozen. 

NEW  PLAKT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

OUR  AUTUMN  TRADE  LISTS,  Nos.  75, 
76,  are  now  publi&hed.     Traders  not  having  received  a 
copy  are  requested  to  apply  for  one. 


To  Cherry  Forcers. 

FOR  SALE,  a  pair  of  splendid  three-qaarter 
Stand.ird  Trained  Trees.  BIGARREAU  NAPOLEON 
and  ELTON.  Been  four  years  under  glass.  Clean,  healthy,  and 
loaded  with  flower-buds.  Roots  lifted  last  year  with  view  to 
disposal.  Fit  lor  removal  early  in  September.  For  further  par- 
tidulars  apply  to 
W.  COLEMAN,  Eastnor  Castle.  Ledbury. 

BOUVARDIAS,  in  eight  best  kinds,  including 
Doubles,  bushy  plants.  251.  per  loj.  GARDENIAS, 
nice  plants,  some  in  bud,  25s.  pet  100  POlNSErXlAS, 
beaulilul  plants,  2ot.  per  100,  package  included. 

W.  JACKSON,  BliJiedown,  near  Kidderminster. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cnrk,    Raffia    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,   Manuies,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.G. 

Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


A  DIANTUM    CUNEATUM,    good   strong 

-^^^  plants,  from  boxes,  6s.  6d.  per  100,  £^  per  1000.  POLV- 
PODIUM  AUREUM,  51.  6d.  per  io!,,Zixos.  per  icod.  Fit 
for  putting  in  small  pots.  Sample,  not  less  than  50,  sent  free 
for  4f.     Cash  with  order.         * 

G.  ADCOCK,  Florist,  Rokeby  Road.  Brockley,  S.E. 


THE  "GOVERNOR"  CARNATION.- 
This  beautilul  Carnation  is  now  in  full  flower,  and  one 
the  grandest  sights  of  the  season.  Cut  blooms  3s.  per  dozei 
post  free.  Sample  blooms  on  application.  Plants  ready 
autumn,  ij,  jft.  each.  New  PINK,  •'  The  Fairy  ;"  plants,  no 
ready,  is.  6J.  each.  ROSES  in  splendid  condition  :  prices  c 
apphcation.-CROSS  AND  STEER,  Salisbury. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

nd.  per  bushel ;  100  for  2;r.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
4or.  :  4-bushel  bags.  Ad.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5J.  6d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25r.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  22r.  ;  sacks, 
4</.  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.gd.  per  bushel;  isr.  per  half 
ton,  a6r  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G  SMYTH.  2i,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 

pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE   REFUSE:    newly 

y^  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2^s  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14s.:  forty.  25s.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cashwuh 
orders.-J.  STEVtNS  AND  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  ,53,  High  Stieet,  Batlersea,  S.W. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post  12  Stamps 
TT^IBROUS     PEAT    for    ORCHIDS      Vc — 
-1-       BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  qt  al   y  fo    C     hd 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  16  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plan    Bd       5 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  22s   6 1       o  B 
45r.     Bags  included.     Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los  6d  pe    Bag 

SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  T  u  k  o   4  Ton 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough  Sta   on    Han  s 

13- A  EDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pki^e  Medals.  _ 

Quality.  THE  BEST  in  tlie  Market.    (All  a  ks  n  lud  d.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  tibrous  . .  4s.  6d.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20s. 
PRAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   3*.  6d.  „  5  sacks  lor  ms 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid    5s.  6d.  ,. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  pamt  on 
all  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstai^dine  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
mav  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  ihinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Wii..Jsor  Lastle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  li.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  ^y 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"  Piercefiehi  Park,  Jutu-  at,  1876.— hirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarfied  from  Chepstow  to  your  adoress  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varni>h  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully, Wm.  Cox  " 

_  CA  UT/ON.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
he  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  c 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  cas-k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large    Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
Queen  Victoria  Street     London   E  C   ■   and  73    Elmbank 


JS  . .      I 
PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (. 


LEAF  MOULD,  best  only'.,     l"-  P<=rbush.  (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3</.  per  bush.,  i2j.  half  i 

RAFFIA  FIBKE,  best  only is.  per  lb         ' 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     Sd.  lb.,  28  lb  iSs 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (Sf-ecialite)    8rf.  lb.   28  lb.  iSs! 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milkrack..     5s.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack 

COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  2SS  ;  40  sacks,  30s.     1  ruck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 

2SS.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  ill 

sacks  only,  21.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL.  LONDON,  E. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  agamst  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  js.,  3^,,  and  lof.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes.  6,/.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

ME/i      MAJESTY, 

HIS  ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15,000  OF  THE  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Clergy. 

Is  extensivelv  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Ftee  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-free. 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 
LON"Dt)N,  E.C.  : 
at  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK,  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cash. 


fee   boxes 


21  OZ    F    e  gn  of  the  abo  e  s    e      moo 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar   current   sizes  of   16-OZ.    glass   in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  .ind  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smithfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stac/i  Lisl  a,id  Frices  on  afplkatum.     Ouote  Chromcte. 

Bosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles 


1HE  ABOVE  anti  many  other  PATTERNS 

*i     in     maieiials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts   are  specially 
-    suited   for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,   as   thsy  har- 
bour  no    Slua:s 
take  up   little 
once    put    down, 
further    labour  or  expen__. 
Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 


GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNl  AINS,  &c,,  in  Artificial  Stine, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
.      „  -.    j^fjj^m^^jj^    Upper    Ground 

g's    Road,    Chelsea,    S.W.  ; 


ROSHER 
Street,     Blackfriars,    S.E. 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
fm   FciXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

:  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  34-.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wilh  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHllE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  o(  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  ANo  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

O      I      L     V    "e      R  S     and, 

VD     fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or   Truckload,   on   Whaif  in   London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station,     Sample*  of  Sand  tree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  cr  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.   ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  V/harves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


1 64 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE^ 


[August  8,  1885. 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

GALVANISED  CORRUGATED  IRON 

ROOFING  SHEETS. 

{B  S    CANNON    BRAND). 

GUARANTEED  QUALITY. 


At  mncli  Reduced  Prices  per  sheet,  per  cwt 
per  Con 

Sheets,  s  feet  long  by  2  feet  wide  2r  per  sheet  upmrds. 


Champion  Prize  Galvanized  Wire 
NETTING. 

THREE  GOLD. MEDALS.  Much  reduced  prices. 
2-inch  mesh,  2  feet  wide,  6j.  per  roll  of  50  yards  ;  Rabbit 
Netting,  i|-inch  mesh,  2  feet  wide,  per  roll  of  50  yards, 
8/.  ;  other  widths  at  proportionate  prices. 


Extra  Superior  Jet  Black 
VARNISH. 

Not  to  be  Equalled. 
PRICES.— In  Casks  of  36  and  18  g,illons,  u.  6d. 
per  gallon,  carriage  free  to  a;(iy  railway  station.  NO 
CHARGE  FOR  CASKS.  May  be  applied  by  any  one, 
drying  a  beautifully  smooth  and  hard  jet  black  very 
quickly. 

J.  B.  BROWN  k  CO., 

Offices  :  90,  CANNON  ST.,  LONDON,  E.C. 

GABDEN      NETTING. 
S.      A.      SANDS 

(Successor  lo  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds.  Wasps.  S:c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 

TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  2,/.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUS.SIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  lying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.   BUCKBURN  AND  ioNS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street, 
L,ondon.  E.C. 


IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA     WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON; 
And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

SILVER     SAND,     excellent      coarse,     js. 
per  ton.  PEAT,  excellent  qualiiy.  6i..  8j  and  ioj.  per  cubic 
yard.     L(JAM,   excellent   qaaluy, 


LOAM, 
truckloads.     In  casks  and  sack: 
W.  SHORT,  HorlicuUural 


per   cubic   yard. 
Tipany,  Midhurst,  Sus^^e 


Under  the  Patronage  of  tlie  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Gardeners'  Ma^n. 
palm  before  all  other  plan 

Samples  and  Price  Lists  Iree. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-t 


EARLY  WHITE   ROMAN   HYACINTHS. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  and  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons 
the  above  valuable  bulbs  for  early  forcing, 

Anti  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,    S.-W. 

BOULTON     &     PAUL 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS    AND    HEATING    ENGINEERS, 

NORWICH. 


CONSERVATORIES,    ORCHID    HOUSES,  >^°L«»/^ 
VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES,  &c.,       (^f ^"orwi'ch'!"' 1 

Designed  in  appropriate  style  to  suit  any  position  or  V'^  gold  medal,  ifj'l 
requirements,  with  Curved  or  Straight 
Glass  as  required. 


ESTIMATES  and  LISTS  Post-free.  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

HIGH  CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING,  a  Handy  Manual  for  the  improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  E.arley,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "  IIow  to 
Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.     Crown  Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  4^.  6rf. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S   LADIES'  COMPANION   TO  THE   FLOWER    GARDEN. 

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Fcap.  cloth,  price  'js. 

THE    ART    OF    GROWING    ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.     By  Rev.  o.  fisher. 

Fourth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Trice  If. 

HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.     By  William  EaRley.     Price  u.  stitched. 

HOW  TO  GROW  ASPARAGUS,  a  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
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London  :    BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  &  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  E.C. 


August  8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


165 


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THE 


SATURDAY,    AUGUST   8,    1885. 


BURFORD   LODGE. 

SIR  TREVOR  LAWRENCE'S  noble  col- 
lection of  Orchids,  in  spite  of  the  hot,  dry 
season,  which  has  been  very  trying  to  most  cool 
things,  is  making  that  good  progress  for  which 
it  is  noted,  and  which,  considering  the  extra- 
ordinary variety  of  the  species  cultivated,  and 
the  great  age  of  many  of  the  specimens,  cannot 
fail  to  be  a  source  of  surprise  to  all  who  know 
how  difficult  it  is  to  manage  a  large  mixed  col- 
lection, and  how  liable  some  of  the  plants  are 
to  decline  in  time  unless  managed  with  the 
greatest  skill.  So  many  of  our  Orchid-growers 
cultivate  only  the  showy  genera,  and  things 
which  can  be  bought  by  the  hundred,  such  as 
Cattleyas,  Odontoglossums,  and  Masdevallias — 
things  which  can  be  treated  in  batches — that 
they  know  but  little  of  the  constant  care  and 
vigilance  required  in  the  Burford  collection, 
which  stands  alone  in  the  possession  of  specimens 
of  the  rarest  things,  both  new  and  old,  in  many 
cases  the  specimens  there  being  the  only  ones 
ill  cultivation.  The  interest  of  the  Burford 
collection  is  also  greatly  enhanced  by  the  many 
fine  hybrids  raised  there,  and  of  which  every 
year  brings  forward  new  treasures,  now  that  they 
have  had  time  to  grow  to  flowering  size — hybrid 
Calanthes  of  great  beauty,  Zygopetalums  of 
strange  parentage,  and  Cypripediums,  Cattleyas, 
and  Uendrobes,  some  proven  good,  and  others 
whose  parentage  give  great  promise.  Among 
the  Cypripediums  raised  at  Burford  may  be 
noted  that  lovely  plant  C.  Leeanum,  the  result 
of  a  cross  between  C.  niveum  and  C.  insigne 
violaceopunctatum,  and  which  was  also  raised 
by  Messrs.  Veitch,  of  Chelsea.  The  nice  batch 
of  it  at  Burford  Lodge  proves  it  to  be  one  of  the 
freest  growing,  as  it  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of 
Cypripediums.  Also  growing  very  strongly  is  a 
nice  lot  of  an  interesting  cross  between  Den- 
drobium  Findlayanum  andD.  heterocarpum;  the 
plants  are  from  crosses  both  ways,  but  in  both 
cases  they  seem  alike  and  just  intermediate 
between  the  two  parents. 

Among  the  rare  plants  which  every  one  like* 
to  hear  about  we  noted  a  fine  specimen  of 
Acrides  illustre,  a  rare  species  in  the  way  of  A. 
Schro^derii,  the  original  plant  of  A.  Lawrenciae, 
furnished  well  with  spikes  ;  Saccolabium  coeleste, 
that  little  beauty  with  spikes  of  pale  blue  flowers 
with  dark  blue  labellums  ;  Odontoglossum 
vexillarium  Lawrenceana  (superbum),  the  king 
of  all  "vexillariums  "  ;  O.  Warscewiczii,  very 
strong  ;  Cattleya  Wagnerii  with  twelve  young 
growths — a  grand  mass  ;  and  the  huge  speci- 
men of  Renanthera  coccinea,  which  was  men- 
tioned by  Mr.  J.  O'Brien  in  his  paper  read  at 
the  Orchid  Conference,  as  having  been  ex- 
hibited by  A.  Palmer,  Esq.,  of  Cheam.,  in  1846, 
with  seven  panicles  of  scarlet  flowers,  each  bear- 
ing from  100  to  1 10  flowers.  Of  course  the  plant 
was  an  old  one  then,  and  the  original  label  now 
in  it  at  Burford  dates  back  to  1 816.  The  vigour 
of  the  plant,  after  so  many  years  of  cultivation, 
proves  that  Orchids  need  not  die  so  prematurely 
as  they  often  do,  if  they  are  well  looked  after. 
Among  the  other  rare  things  are  the  new  Ai^. 


i66 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885, 


■grs-cum  Leoni  in  bud,  A.  Scottianum,  of  the 
same  importation,  also  well  advanced  for  flower, 
and  evidently  true  ;  and  Odontoglossum  ex- 
cellens,  which  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  Odontoglossums.  It  was  imported  a  few 
years  ago  by  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.,  and 
was  evidently  a  natural  cross  between  O.  Pes- 
catorei  and  O.  triumphans  ;  it  is  a  very  lovely 
thing,  with  lemon-yellow  sepals,  and  petals 
blotched  with  reddish-brown,  the  large  white 
labellum  being  also  stained  with  yellow  at  the 
base,  and  marked  with  the  same  bright  colour 
as  the  petals.  The  last  new  Cattleya,  too, 
which  every  one  is  looking  forward  to  seeing 
—  C.  Lawrenceana,  from  the  Roraima  —  is 
sheathing  up  well,  and  will  soon  show  what  it 
is  like. 

The  Odontoglossum-house  is  purposely  kept 
short  of  bloom  at  this  season,  as  the  plants  get 
through  the  hot  weather  better  without  having 
to  support  the  flowers.  A  good  plan  of  keep- 
ing the  house  cool  in  very  hot  weather  is  being 
tried  at  Burford,  as  it  has  been  in  many  other 
places,  viz.,  syringing  the  blinds  from  time  to 
time  during  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  this  is 
found  to  keep  a  good  atmosphere  in  the  house, 
and  also  to  reduce  the  temperature  2°,  which 
makes  a  great  difference  to  highland  and  cold- 
loving  Orchids. 

The  Cattleyas  are  in  good  order,  the  now 
favourite  C.  Gaskelliana  and  the  varieties  of  C. 
Eldorado  having  to  supply  the  greater  part  of 
the  flower.  Some  good  specimens  of  the 
former  (one  with  ten  large  and  perfectly  formed 
flowers)  are  magnificent,  being  showy,  delicately 
tinted,  and  delightfully  fragrant  ;  a  well  flowered 
plant  of  the  white  and  orange  C.  Wallisii  is 
also  very  handsome,  and  gives  off  a  delicate 
odour  of  Honeysuckle. 

The  Cypripedium-house  is  the  showiest  just 
now,  indeed,  since  the  raising  of  so  many  fine 
hybrids  its  occupants  seem  never  without  a 
display,  as  one  section  follows  the  other,  the 
perpetual  flowering  "  Sedeni  "  section  weaving 
them  all  together.  Soine  of  the  best,  of  which 
there  are  large  specimens  at  present  in  flower 
at  Burford,  are  C.  Ashburtonia-  and  C.  A. 
expansum,  the  latter  being  a  much  rounder  and 
better  thing  in  every  respect  than  the  former  ; 
C.  cenanthum  superbum,  with  large  white  and 
finely-marked  dorsal  sepal  ;  C.  tonsum,  with 
immense  flowers,  shaped  somewhat  like  C. 
Lawrenceanum,  yellow,  tinged  with  green,  and 
sparsely  marked  on  the  petals  with  blackish 
blotches  ;  C.  Lawrenceanum,  a  noble  plant  of 
the  best  form,  with  fourteen  flowers  ;  C. 
ciliolare,  C.  Veitchii,  and  C.  Parishii,  with  four 
spikes,  and  si.t  flowers  on  a  spike.  In  the  same 
house  is  a  grand  specunen  of  the  elegant  Den- 
drochilum  filiforme,  with  about  one  hundred 
flower-spikes,  and  beneath  the  stage  are  planted 
Eucharis  amazonica,  which  seem  to  thrive  well 
and  give  flowers  freely.       / 

In  the  other  house— sail  of  which  are  patterns 
of  cleanliness,  neatness,  and  order— many  other 
interesting  things  are  flowering,  among  which 
we  noted  Dendrobium  ciliatum,  a  curious 
species  with  buff  petals  and  a  brown  lip  curi- 
ously ridged  and  fringed  ;  D.  Smilliae,  with 
habit  of  D.  secundum  and  pinkish  green-tipped 
flowers  a  little  resembling  those  of  Veltheimia 
capensis  ;  D.  Jamesianum,  Utricularia  Endresii, 
with  sky-blue  flowers,  many  specimens  ;  Bolbo- 
phyllum  Dearei,  Odontoglossum  gracile,  with 
brown  flowers,  white  recurved  lip  and  purple 
tint  over  the  whole  plant— very  curious  ;  Epi- 
dendrum  stenopetalum,  with  bright  rose-coloured 
flowers  exactly  like  Barkeria  blooms,  a  very 
rare  plant,  although  dried  specimens  have  been 
sent  from  various  parts  many  years  ago  among 
others  from  Merida,  near  St.  Christoval,  where 
it  was  found  in  the  forests  at  3000  feet  elevation  ; 
Epidendrum  Cooperi,  a  gigantic  plant  of 
Sobralia  macrantha  splendens,  Lnolia  callisto- 
glossa,  L.  elegans,  Calanthe  pleiochroma, 
Cattleya  Schilleriana,  and  Stanhopea  eburnea 


are  also  in  flower,  and  two  fine  specimens  of 
the  handsome  white  Mormodes  luxatum  ebur- 
neum,  each  with  eighteen  to  twenty  large  flowers 
on  a  spike,  are  marvellously  beautiful.  The 
Masdevallia-house  is  spare  of  bloom,  but  the 
plants  are  perfect  and  many  of  the  rare  and 
curious  things  are  in  bud,  notably  a  great  pan- 
ful of  Masdevallia  racemosa  (Crossii)  with 
many  spikes,  and  the  curious  bell-flowered  M. 
Carderii. 

In  speaking  or  writing  of  Sir  Trevor  Law- 
rence's pretty  establishment  the  Orchids  always 
come  first,  and  naturally  so,  for  they,  the  main 
feature  there  ;  but  whatever  other  branches  of 
gardening  are  gone  into  at  Burford  are  equally 
well  attended  to,  and  equally  successful ;  and 
the  vineries,  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  and 
general  outdoor  garden,  will  compare  favourably 
with  the  best.  The  large  span-roofed  cold 
house,  devoted  to  greenhouse  flowering  plants 
at  the  present  time,  is  charmingly  arranged 
with  tuberous  Begonias,  Impatiens  Sultani, 
Trichinium  Manglesii,  and  other  flowering 
plants,  the  tall  group  fronting  the  door  being 
a  very  effective  display  ;  it  is  composed  of 
several  large  specimens  of  the  orange  Mon- 
bretia  Pottsii,  equally  good  ;  pure  white  Aga- 
panthus,  some  fine  plants  of  the  tall  shrubby 
Gloxinia  maculata,  with  its  spikes  of  wa.\-like 
blue  flowers ;  some  big  bushes  of  Impatiens 
Sultani,  and  other  flowers,  and  suitable  foli- 
age. In  the  stoves  are  some  very  fine  Pitcher- 
plants,  Anthurium  Veitchii,  A.  Warocquea- 
num,  and  other  fine-foliage  plants.  Here  and 
there  rise  the  tall  curious  scarlet  spathes  of 
Anthurium  ferrierense,  A.  Andreanum,  and 
A.  .Scherzerianum,  the  best  forms  of  the  last- 
named  being  the  brilliant  spathed  Cypher's 
variety,  which  often  measures  6  inches  by  4 
and  is  borne  on  very  tall  and  strong 
stalks ;  and,  A.  S.  Palmerii,  with  very  long 
and  narrow  spathes  of  a  very  bright  colour. 
The  Tyda:as,  Clerodendrons,  Gardenias,  &c., 
are  also  very  pretty  in  the  arrangement. 
In  the  fernery  varieties  for  cutting  and 
for  decoration  are  principally  grown,  and  these 
are  in  good  order.  A  great  portion  of  the  out- 
door garden  is  devoted  to  herbaceous  perennials 
and  florists'  flowers,  which  are  handsome  to 
look  at  and  useful  for  cutting,  and  notwithstand- 
ing the  long  spell  of  dry  weather  there  is  a  pro- 
fusion of  bloom.  The  Alstrccmerias  have 
seemed  to  like  the  heat,  and  have  bloomed 
profusely. 

The  large  beds  of  Gaillardias,  Rudbeckias, 
Carnations,  Phloxes,  and  other  showy  things 
are  very  effective  and  useful  ;  and  the  general 
collection  of  herbaceous  plants  give  some  inter- 
esting things  in  bloom, 'one  of  the  best  of  the 
blue  flowers  being  Platycodon  granditlorum, 
and  one  of  the  most  elegant  for  mixing^with 
other  flowers,  Gypsophila  paniculata,  with  its 
large  panicles  of  silvery  little  flowers.  As  an 
ornate  and  noble  plant  Crinum  Powelii,  which 
has  been  growing  in  the  open  ground  at  Burford 
Lodge  for  some  years,  is  one  of  the  finest.  It 
is  there  now,  furnished  with  many  spikes  of 
large  blush-coloured  and  fragrant  flowers,  which 
last  a  long  time  when  cut,  the  buds  opening  in 
water  as  well  as  they  do  on  the  plant. 

The  whole  of  the  gardens  at  Burford  Lodge 
seem  to  improve  every  year,  and  the  Orchids 
do  not  get  neglected  for  the  garden  nor  the 
garden  for  the  Orchids,  as  sometimes  happens. 


Women's  Work.  —  A  French  woman  writes  to 
the  Vi^e  Americainc  to  say  that  although,  unlike 
some  of  her  sex,  she  does  rot  attend  a  school  of 
grafting,  yet  she  manages  to  graft  300  Vines  a  day  m 
March  and  April,  besides  attending  to  her  children 
and  to  her  household  duties.  Her  husband,  less 
embarrassed  by  other  work,  grafts  twice  the  number. 
Numbers  of  women  and  girls  are  now  employed  at 
the  proper  season  in  grafting  the  better  kinds  of 
French  Vines  on  to  American  stocks,  which  are  less 
injured  by  the  attacks  of  the  Phylloxera. 


tttJ 


ODONTOGLOSSUM    L/EVE  {Lindl.)  AURATUM, 

Is  this  a  second  Odontoglossum  Iseve  ?  I  think  so. 
Its  character  is  a  very  narrow  lip,  little  dilated  at  the 
apex  and  acute  at  the  top.  It  would  also  appear  to  have 
simple  racemes  in  lieu  of  panicles,  but  of  this  I  am 
not  quite  sure.  I  had  it  first  in  October  I,  1881  from 
Director  Moore,  of  Glasnevin  ;  then  from  Mr.  F, 
Sander ;  finally  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  who 
obtained  it  from  Major  Lendy,  of  Sunbury  House, 
Sunbury-on-Thames. 

Malvastrum  GiLLiESii  (Baker)  =  Malva  (Mo- 
diola)  geranioides  (Gillies).  ;  Hook  and  Arn, 
in  "Bot.Misc."  iii.,  152, ko»  Cham,  and Schleeht. 
in  "  Linnu-a,"  v.,  226  =  Malva  Gilliesii, 
Steiid.,  "  Nomenclature"  edit.  2.* 

This  is  a  fine  plant,  tolerably  well  known  in  gar- 
dens, but  which  is  in  want  of  a  name.  It  belongs  to 
the  genus  M.ilvastrum,  and  it  was  described  long  ago 
under  the  name  of  Malva  geranioides,  but  we  cannot 
call  it  Malvastrum  geranioides,  because  that  name  is 
already  preoccupied  by  a  Mexican  plant.  Our  only 
wild  specimens  in  the  l-^ew  herbarium  were  gathered 
in  Parana,  by  M.  Gibert.  It  is  closely  allied  to 
Malva  purpurata,  Lindl.,  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1362,  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  3814,  which  also  is  a  species  of  Malvastrum. 
Malvastrum  may  be  distinguished  at  a  glance  from 
Malva  by  its  capitate  stigma.  It  contains  a  great 
many  fine  plants,  neatly  all  of  which  are  natives  of 
the  Cape  and  the  temperate  regions  of  North  and 
South  America.  It  belongs  to  the  same  tribe  as 
Malva,  Althaea,  and  Lavatera,  characterised  by  its 
solitary  erect  seeds.  Modiola  belongs  to  the  tribe 
with  more  than  one  ovule  in  each  cell.  The  present 
plant  has  been  in  full  flower  on  the  Kew  rockery  for 
the  last  month,  and  came  to  us  from  Mr.  Joad. 

A  perennial,  with  habit  and  flower  rather  like 
Geranium  sanguineum.  Stems  radiating  in  a  circle 
from  the  root,  about  a  foot  long,  slender,  decumbent, 
pilose.  Leaves  alternate,  with  a  long  ascending 
petiole  and  two  persistent  green  ovate  free  stipules  ; 
blade  deltoid,  deeply  palmately  quinquefid,  or  in  the 
upper  leaves  trifid  ;  segments  deeply  pinnatifid,  with 
a  few  remote  lanceolate  lobes,  the  lower  compound. 
Flowers  solitary  on  long  ascending  slender  pedicels 
from  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves.  Epicalyx  of  three 
ovate-lanceolate  free  persistent  bracleoles.  Calyx 
pilose,  3  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  short  tube  and  five 
ovate-lanceolate  segments.  Corolla  bright  deep  rose- 
red,  \\  inch  in  diameter;  petals  orbicular,  unguicu- 
late.  Staminal  column  less  than  half  as  long  as  the 
petals  ;  anthers  peltate  ;  filaments  free  and  spreading 
in  the  upper  third.  Pistil  shorter  than  stamens ; 
stigma  blackish,  capitate.  J.  G.  Baker. 

;Oncidium  caloglossum,  «.  J/.f 
A  stately  Oncidium  from  tropical  America,  intro- 
duced by  and  kindly  sent  tome  by  Mr.  Bull,  with  the 
following  remarks  :— "  It  has  a  large  branching  inflor- 
escence of  about  thirty  Bowers,  with  bulbs  and  leaves 
very  much  like  those  of  Oncidium  Marshallianum, 
the  bulb  perhaps  smaller,"  the  flowers  equalling 
those  of  Oncidium  pectorales.  The  sepals  and  petals 
are  yellow,  striped  with  sepia-brown,  and  those  stripes 
remarkably  confluent  in  the  petals.  The  lip  is  of 
brighter  yellow,  with  brown  blotches  in  front,  the 
warts  of  the  calli  reddish  with  numerous  brownish- 
red  spots  all  around.  Column  of  the  lightest  yellow 
colour,  with  a  greenish  hue  on  the  back  and  on  the 
sides  with  a  few  brownish-red  spots  at  the  base,  and 
purple  spots  on  the  wings.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

*  Malvastrum  Gilliesii,  Baker.  —  Perennis  ;  caulibus  gra 
cllibus  deciimbentibus  pilosis  ;  stipulis  persistentibus  ovatis, 
foliis  longs  petiolatis  palmatim  quinquefidis  segmemis  pinna- 
Ufidis  pinnulLs  paucis  lanceolatls  remotis  ;  fionbus  axiUanbus 
lonee  psdunculatii ;  bracteohs  3  libens  calyce  brevioribus ; 
caWcis  pilosis  tubo  brevi  segmeni.s  ovatis  acutis:  petalis  orbi- 
cul'aribus  magnis  rubris,  stammibus  petalis  tnplo  brevioribus. 
J.  G.  Baker. 

\  Oiicidiim  cnh'hssum.  n.  sp.— Affine  Oncidlo  Mrshallliano, 
Rchb  f,  et  pectorah,  Lindl.  Labelli  auriculis  basilar.bus 
ellipti'cis  parvis,  lacinia  mediana  cuneato  dilatato  anticc  biloba  ; 
callorum  systemalibus  quinis,  syslemate  basilari  a  bas.  aperta 
lata  tnaneulo  e  papulis  inter  se  libens  multis,  area  extrorsa 
hippocrepica  e  papulis  utrinque,  lamella  plantis  d.vergentibus, 
mlrgine  papulis  utrinque  anlice  ;  col.umn=e  alis  brev.bus  abrupus 
paulo  undulatis.  Ex  Am.  trop.  ;  introd.  cl.  W.  Bull.  H.  G. 
Rchb.f 


August  S,  iSSJ.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


167 


ORCHIDS    FOR  AMATEURS. 

(Continued  fro,,,  /:  .05) 

The  genus  Lcelia  contains  some  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful, if  not  the  most  beautiful,  plants  of  the  order. 
The  grander  forms  of  Ljelia  purpurata  and  elegans 
are  unequalled  in  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and  every 
species,  even  the  tiny  Lselia  monophylla  of  the 
mountains  of  Jamaica,  has  a  chaste  elegance  and  a 
brilliancy  of  colour  which  cannot  fail  to  excite  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  lover  of  Nature. 

The  close  relationship  of  Cattleya  and  Lselia  has 
already  been  noted,  but  to  my  mind  the  flowers  of 
Lcelia  excel  those  of  the  sister  genus.  The  two, 
however,  cross  freely,  and  some  species  are  referred 
to  either  genus  with  equal  propriety,  if  we  except 
the  single  character  drawn  from  the  number  of  pollen 
masses,  and  even  this  character  is  purely  artificial, 
and  in  some  cases  the  four  extra  pollen  masses  in 
Lselia  are  rudimentary.  One  of  the  grandest  of  the 
L:elias  is  exceedingly  abundant  ;  it  is  known  as 
La?lia  purpurata. 

Ztr.'/a/;«/«ra/.7.— This  plant  is  a  native  of  Brazil, 
and  it  was  introduced  with  the  great  majority  of  the 
genus  in  1840.  Perhaps  no  Orchid  is  more  variable, 
but  unfortunately  many  varieties  fall  very  short  In 
excellence  when  compared  with  such  grand  varieties 
as  L.  purpurata  Williamsii and  Brysiana.  A  "good  " 
L.  purpurata  is  a  magnificent  sight  when  in  flower,  but 
some  are  very  disappointing.  The  flowers  are  from 
three  to  Ave  in  number,  supported  on  a  branching 
spike,  surrounded  by  a  green  spathe,  which  is  often 
spotted  with  violet.  They  are  6  inches  in  diameter, 
or  even  larger ;  the  sepals  and  petals  are  narrow, 
white,  or  rose-coloured  ;  the  labellum  is  cornet-shaped, 
with  a  very  broad  lip,  almost  resembling  that  of 
Cattleya  labiata.  The  lip  is  deep  purple,  with  a 
yellow  throat,  and  lines  of  purple  extending  back  to 
the  claw  of  the  labellum.  The  points  of  excellence 
ate  the  broadness  and  depth  of  colour  in  the  lip,  the 
definite  lines  extending  into  the  throat,  and  the 
texture  and  flatness  of  the  sepals  and  petals. 

There  is  a  strong  tendency  in  the  flowers  of  L. 
purpurata  fer  the  sepals  and  petals  to  roll  up  longi- 
tudinally, probably  from  poorness  of  texture.  This 
is  a  great  blemish.  The  margin  of  the  lip  is  always 
paler  than  the  rest,  with  a  tendency  to  spread  in  the 
centre  towards  the  throat  ;  the  extension  of  the  pale 
area  is  also  a  blemish,  and  it  sometimes  destroys  the 
dark  purple  of  the  lip,  which  is  reduced  to  an  irre- 
gular band  or  two  spots.  I  believe  these  defects  are 
the  result  of  starvation.  The  yellow  or  orange  in 
the  throat  of  the  type  form  is  absent  in  L.  Schilleriana, 
which  appears  to  be  a  mere  variety  of  L.  purpurata. 

Other  varieties  difTer  in  having  lilac  or  rose- 
coloured  sepals  and  petals,  and  in  the  brighter 
colouration  of  the  lip,  which  is  crimson  in  L.  pur- 
purata Nelisii  and  Brysiana.  The  latter  is  perhaps 
a  natural  hybrid  between  L.  purpurata  and  L.  crispa. 

Z.  furptirata  Williamsii  has  a  deep  violet  lip  and 
pure  white  petals  and  sepals. 

Culture. 

The  cultivation  of  L.  purpurata  is  easy,  although 
great  differences  of  opinion  prevail  as  to  the  best 
temperature  for  its  growth.  It  is  a  very  accom- 
modating plant,  and  will  grow  without  much  heat. 
My  own  belief  is  that  it  requires  a  high  temperature 
and  plenty  of  moisture  during  the  period  of  growth, 
say,  75°  to  85"  or  95"  to  100°  on  sunny  days,  with  a 
very  decided  fall  at  night,  say,  to  60°.  In  the  winter 
during  its  rest  50°  is  amply  sufficient. 

Plants  which  have  lost  their  main  lead  are  a  long 
time  before  they  flower,  and  this  is  the  case  with  the 
majority  of  newly  imported  plants.  The  first  shoots 
are  often  feeble,  then  two  or  three  years  are  neces- 
sary to  get  a  flowering  bulb,  but  if  each  succeeding 
bulb  is  better  than  that  which  preceded  it  success 
is  certain.  In  a  healthy  state  the  pseudobulbs  of  L. 
purpurata  are  quite  smooth.  The  imported  bulbs  are 
usually  deeply  channelled  or  grooved,  but  these  either 
die,  or  become  plump  and  smooth  in  a  year  or  two. 

After  the  year's  growth  is  completed  the  plant 
requires  a  distinct  and  decided  rest,  and  scarcely  any 
water,  except  an  occasional  syringing  or  sponging. 
The  flowers  and  young  shoots  are  produced  at  the 
same  time,  the  former  from  the  bulb  of  the  preceding 
summer.  As  soon  as  growth  commences  the  plants 
require  a  gradually  increasing  temperature,  and  a 
corresponding  increase  of  moisture.  I  remove  my 
plants  to  a  cool  well-aired  house — Mexican— as  soon  as 
the  growth  is  completed,  and  return  them  to  a  moist 


stove  in  spring.     It  is  important  to  have  the  compost 
pretty  dry  before  reducing  the  temperature  in  autumn. 

L,  eksans  differs  considerably  in  habit  from  the  last 
species.  Its  cylindrical-jointed  pseudobulbs,  bearing 
one  or  two  leaves,  are  very  unlike  the  stout  fusiform 
pseudobulbs  of  L.  purpurata,  although  the  flowers  of 
the  two  species  are  closely  related.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  white  or  rose-coloured  ;  the  labellum  is 
edged  with  white,  and  marked  with  a  deep  purple 
band.  The  stria;  leading  to  the  throat,  and  the 
yellow  band  within  the  purple  are  wanting ;  some 
varieties  are  very  fragrant. 

Its  cultivation  difTers  little  from  that  of  its  con- 
gener, but  the  flowers  are  produced  in  the  same  year  , 
as  the  bulb  .which  bears  jhem,  before  it  arrives  at 
maturity.  So  that  the  period  of  rest  does  not  pre- 
cede the  flowering.  The  epoch  of  flowering  is  vari- 
able and  depends  upon  the  time  at  wfiich  the  flower- 
ing growth  is  started.  It  is  a  maritime  plant,  a  native 
of  Brazil,  and  comparatively  rare. 

L.  Turner  i  is  a  variety  of  L.  elegans  with  very  dark 
flowers  and  a  bright  blue  border  to  the  lip  of  the 
labellum.  L.  WolstenholmiK  is  also  a  variety  of  L. 
elegans, 

L.  giganlea,  Lindley,  is  a  distinct  species  closely 
related  to  L.  elegans,  from  the  Andes.  The  sepals 
and  petals  are  green,  and  the  labellum  is  reddish- 
brown.  The  plant,  figured  and  described  by  Warner 
under  this  name  is  quite  distinct,  and  is  perhaps  a 
variety  of  L.  elegans.  It  is  a  native  of  Brazil  ;  the 
petals  and  sepals  are  rose  coloured  dotted  over  with 
bright  purple  spots.  It  should  perhaps  be  called  L. 
elegans  gigantea. 

L.  stt/i-riifiis.—Thh  is  a  very  distinct  species  with 
the  habit  of  L.  purpurata.  It  has  upright,  some- 
what compressed  pseudobulbs,  12  to  18  inches  long, 
with  one  or  two  coriaceous  leaves  growing  from  the 
summit  of  each  bulb.  The  flowers  are  smaller  and 
more  fleshy,  and  the  labellum  is  raised  into  parallel 
fleshy  ridges.  The  flowers  are  purple,  and  the  throat 
of  the  labellum  is  orange-coloured  both  outside  and 
inside.  The  flowers  are  eight  to  twelve  or  more  in 
number  on  each  spike,  and  the  spikes  are  said  in  its 
native  country  to  be  10  or  12  feet  long  with  twenty  or 
more  flowers.  Twenty  years  ago  a  magnificent  plant 
of  this  species  was  growing  at  Chiswick.  It  frequently 
had  five  or  six  spikes  of  fluwers  open  at  the  same  time. 
It  was  growing  upon  a  large  block  in  a  cool  stove 
without  either  peat  or  moss.  It  grew  exceedingly 
well,  and  increased  every  year.  It  is  said  to  have 
measured  5  feet  in  diameter,  and  it  was  purchased  by 
E.  Farnie,  Esq.,  of  Liverpool.  This  plant  is  a  native 
of  Guatemala,  and  was  discovered  by  Skinner  in  1839. 
It  requires  plenty  of  air,  and,  according  to  the  Count 
de  Buysson,  it  grows  well  in  a  vinery.  He  adds  that 
it  does  best  in  a  well-drained,  dense  compost,  differ- 
ing in  this  respect  from  all  other  Lselias,  which 
flourish  best  in  the  most  porous  compost  that  can  be 
afforded  them.  B,  T.  L, 

{To  he  continned.') 


EUCALYPTUS. 


You  publish  from  time  to  time  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  notes  on  Eucalyptus,  which  greatly  interest 
me.  I  have  not  only  studied  the  numerous  species, 
but  I  also  interest  myself  in  propagating  them  wher- 
ever there  is  a  chance  of  success.  This  explains  the 
interest  that  I  have  in  reading  in  your  journal  of 
the  attempts  that  are  made  in  England. 

The  greater  part  of  the  experimenters  only  work 
with  E.  globulus,  which  is  not  the  one  that  succeeds 
best  in  Northern  climes.  There  are  species  much 
more  hardy,  such  as,  for  example,  E.  viminalis,  E. 
Gunnii,  E.  polyanthema,  E.  coriacea,  and  E.  coccifera. 
It  is  believed,  moreover,  that  E.  globulus  is  the 
quickest  grower,  and  certainly  it  is  classic  under  this 
head  ;  but  I  possess  another  undetermined  species 
which  grows  at  least  twice  as  quickly.  My  tree  at 
the  present  time,  five  and  a-half  years  old  since  the 
sowing  of  the  seed,  is  over  12  metres  (more  than 
37  feet)  io  height,  and  more  than  I  m.  in  circum- 
ference at  the  base.  It  is  a  very  handsome  tree,  and 
of  regular  pyramidal  form.  Moreover,  it  is  about  to 
flower,  and  pi-obably  will  yield  seeds ;  so  that  the 
species  may  be  propagated. 

I  have  reason  to  believe  that  this  remarkable 
tree  has  not  yet  been  described  or  recognised 
among  other  species  of  similar  appearance,  for 
here  the  confusion  of  species  is  easy  and  fre- 
quent when  there  has  been  no  opportunity  of  ex- 
amining  the  young  plants.    If  it  is  really  new — and 


that  is  extremely  probable — I  will  publish  it  under 
the  name  of  E.  Muelleri  to  commemorate  the  labours  of 
the  great  Australian  Eucalyptographer,  who  has  con- 
tributed more  than  any  one  else  to  the  propagation 
of  Eucalyptus  in  the  South  of  Europe  and  Algeria. 
The  services  which  he  has  rendered  us  are  inestimable, 
although  the  public  is  too  prone  to  forget  them.  It 
is  an  injustice  to  be  repaired. 

The  Gardeners'  Chronielc  has  frequently  noticed  the 
Eucalyplographia,  which  contains  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  a  hundred  species.  To  properly  understand  the 
difficulty  of  such  a  work  it  is  necessary  to  be  occupied 
specially  with  Eucalyptus,  the  incredible  variability 
of  which  seems  to  defy  the  perspicacity  of  the  most 
skilled  botanists.  Bentham  himself,  with  the  infor- 
mation supplied  to  him  by  F.  Mueller,  declared  this 
ditHculty  "almost  insuperable,"  and  this  assertion  is 
not  exaggerated.  I  have  now  hundreds  of  young 
Eucalyptus  obtained  from  seeds,  where  individuals 
vary  from  germination  to  such  an  extent  as  not  to  be 
recognisable.  It  is  said  that  the  same  species  take 
diflferent  characters  according  to  the  locality  whence 
the  seeds  are  collected,  and  the  question  is  presented, 
"  Are  there  truly  fixed  species  in  the  genus  Euca- 
lyptus ?  "  Acacia  and  Melaleuca  seem  to  me  every  bit 
as  difficult  to  unravel,  but  that  is  a  matter  I  leave  to 
others.   Ch.  Naudin. 


CAMELLIAS. 

Next  to  the  Rose  no  flower  is  more  beautiful  or 
more  useful  than  the  (."amellia.  It  may  readily  be  so 
managed  that  its  natural  season  of  blooming  shall  be 
from  October  to  March,  thus  coming  in  at  a  time 
when  Roses  can  hardly  be  had  without  forcing.  In 
every  quality,  with  the  single  exception  of  scent,  the 
Camellia  may  be  pronounced  the  equal  of  the  Rose. 
It  can  be  used  in  all  combinations  or  for  all  purposes 
for  which  Roses  can  be  employed.  In  form  and 
colour  it  is  probably  more  perfect,  and  fully  as  bril- 
liant. It  is  equally  or  more  durable,  either  on  the 
plant  or  as  a  cut  flower.  It  is  a  little  dearer  to  buy, 
and  perhaps  slightly  more  difficult  to  cultivate  ;  but 
like  most  plants  the  Camellia  has  crucial  periods  in 
its  life,  when  it  needs  special  treatment.  That  given, 
it  may  be  grown  with  the  utmost  ease  ;  that  withheld, 
its  culture  becomes  precarious,  or  a  failure.  The 
Camellia  is  so  hardy  that  it  will  live  in  the  open  air 
in  many  parts  of  Great  Britain,  and  herein  lies  a 
danger  to  many  cultivators.  Because  it  is  quite  or 
almost  hardy  they  keep  it  almost  cool.  This  is  all  very 
well  if  the  cool  treatment  be  not  carried  to  extremes, 
and  persisted  in  all  the  year  round.  Camellias 
in  a  dormant  state  will  live  and  thrive  in  any 
temperature  above  the  freezing  point,  and  will 
take  little  or  no  hurt  if  subjected  to  from  3° — 4° 
below  it,  or  a  temperature  of  27°  Fahr. 

They  will  also  bloom  freely  in  a  temperature  of  40°, 
though  45°  suits  them  better.  Hence,  during  the 
late  summer  and  early  autumn  it  is  hardly  possible  to 
keep  Camellias  too  cool  either  out-of-doors  or  in. 
They  are  also  particularly  sensitive  to  heat  just  before 
the  flower-buds  begin  to  swell  in  late  autumn  or 
winter ;  a  sudden  or  sensible  rise  of  temperature  at 
that  stage  sends  the  flower-buds  off  in  showers. 
This  is  what  too  often  happens,  in  fact,  to  the  Camel- 
lias of  amateurs.  No  sooner  do  the  buds  begin  to 
show  than  a  natural  impatience  seizes  the  possessors 
of  well-budded  Camellias  to  have  the  flowers  opened. 
More  warmth,  a  closer  atmosphere  is  Drought  to  bear 
upon  them,  and  down  fall  the  buds  in  showers  on 
stage  or  floor— the  chief  cause  of  this  slip  between 
the  buds  and  the  open  flowers  being  a  rise  of  tempe- 
rature. A  close  or  arid  atmosphere  often  leads  to 
the  same  results.  Camellias  cm  hardly  have  too 
free  a  circulation  of  air,  or  too  low  a  temperature. 
Another  frequent  cause  of  buds  dropping  arises  from 
either  too  little  or  too  much  water  at  the  roots. 
Either  a  paucity  or  excess  of  water  at  the  roots 
should  lead  to  identical  results.  Most  amateurs  over- 
water  their  Camellias  during  their  flowering  stages. 
Seeing  so  many  buds  expanding  they  naturally  rush 
to  the  conclusion  that  a  good  deal  of  water  roust  be 
used  to  fill  them  to  bursting  point.  But  the  opening 
of  Camellia  buds  is  less  a  manufacture  than  a  mere 
development,  and  the  strain  on  the  plant  and  drain 
on  the  roots  is  far  less  during  this  stage  than  many 
suppose.  Of  course  the  opposite  extreme  of  over-dry 
roots  must  be  provided  against,  else  this  would  also 
cause  the  plants  to  cast  ofl'  their  buds. 

But  our  object  now  is  less  to  point  out  how  buds 
are  to    be    developed   into    fully    expanded   flowers 


1 68 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


than  to  show  how  they  were  to  be  formed  in  plenty, 
and  the  plants  preserved  in  robust  health  year  after 
year.  One  of  the  simplest  and  surest  modes  of 
reaching  this  desirable  end  is  to  adopt  a  system  of  semi' 
tropical  treatment  for  two  monlhs  or  so  after  flowering. 
The  moment  or  even  before  the  late  blooms  fade  the 
plants  should  be  piuned  if  necessary.  Few  plants 
bear  the  knile  better  than  Camellias,  though  it  is  folly 
to  cut  them  unless  they  are  too  tall  or  too  large  for 
their  quarters  or  have  grown  out  of  form.  As  a  rule 
healthy  Camellias  produce  sufficient  or  even  a  re- 
dundancy of  shoots  without  cutting  back  ;  but  should 
they  need  pruning,  after  flowering  is  the  best  time 
to  perform  the  operation. 

During  the  breaking  of  the  tender  leaves  and  the 
growth  of  the  young  shoots  in  their  first  stages  the 
plants  should  be  shaded  from  direct  sunshine,  unless, 
indeed,  they  are  a  long  way  from  the  glass,  when 
the  diflfusion  and  dispersion  of  the  rays  of  light  tone 
down  or  break  their  scorching  force  ;  few  young  leaves 
and  shoots  are  more  tender  and  easily  burned  than 
Camellia,  and  scorching  not  only  disfigures  the 
plants  but  also  hinders  the  formation  of  fine  growths 
and  the  development  of  flower-buds. 

The  atmosphere  during  the  early  season  of  growth 
may  almost  touch  saturation.  It  must  not  fail  to  be 
genial,  and  this  geniality  of  the  air  must  be  kept  up 
by  the  surface-sprinkling  of  paths,  floors,  stages, 
walls,  and  the  plant  themselves  at  least  twice  a  day. 

With  the  pots  or  border  well  drained  it  is  hardly 
possible  to  overwater  the  roots  of  Camellias  during 
their  period  of  wood-making.  The  temperature  may 
range  from  50°  to  65°  during  most  of  the  period.  As 
the  flower-buds  form,  and  become  more  conspicuous, 
the  tropical  treatment  may  become  less  and  less 
tropical,  until  the  Camellias  are  subjected  to  the 
common  treatment  of  greenhouse  or  conservatory 
plants  in  summer.  Even  at  this  early  stage  it  is  wise 
to  attend  to  the  thinning  of  the  buds.  Many  varie- 
ties of  Camellias — notably  that  most  useful  of  all 
varieties,  the  double  white — will  often  set  and  swell 
five  or  ten  times  more  buds  than  it  ought  to  be 
allowed  to  carry.  Nothing  is  gained,  but  a  good  deal 
is  lost,  by  allowing  so  many  embryo  flower-buds  to 
be  formed  or  partially  developed.  It  is  in  fact  far 
wiser  to  take  oft'  the  majority  of  the  excess  at  the 
earliest  possible  point,  so  as  to  concentrate  the  strength 
of  the  plant  into  those  that  remain. 

As  it  is,  however,  often  a  point  of  great  moment  to 
have  a  succession  of  Camellia  flowers  for  as  long  a 
period  as  possible  on  the  same  plants,  buds  of  all 
sizes  should  be  selected  to  remain.  Fortunately,  it  is 
found  in  practice  that  the  plants,  unless  over-weighted 
with  blooms,  do  not  cast  off  the  smaller  or  later  buds 
in  their  eflforts  to  open  their  earlier  and  larger  ones. 
With  the  setting,  thinning  and  partial  swelling  of  the 
flower-buds  the  semi-tropical  treatment  of  Camellias 
must  close  ;  continued  longer  the  result  would  be 
their  blooming  out  of  season,  or  more  probably  their 
not  blooming  at  all. 

The  best  place  for  Camellias  from  the  time  of 
setting  their  flower-buds  to  their  blooming  season  is  a 
vexed  question,  which  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  been 
settled  as  yet.  They  may  either  be  left  in  a  cool  green- 
house, or  placed  in  a  shaded,  sheltered  position  in 
the  open  air.  Some  of  the  finest  Camellias  ever 
seen  have  been  placed  in  the  open  air  from  June  to 
October.  These  In  some  Cases  have  been  stood 
behind  south,  and  in  others  behind  west  walls.  Those 
facing  the  east  in  their  summer  quarters  were,  on  the 
whole,  the  finest,  many  of  them  being  truly  magnifi- 
cent plants,  not  a  few  of  them  having  been  imported 
direct  from  Florence  at  a  time  when  Camellias  were 
(ar  less  grown  in  England  than  now. 

In  all  cases  where  Camellias  are  placed  in  the  open 
air  in  summer  care  will  be  taken  to  place  the  pots  on 
worm-proof  bases,  and  to  shield  the  tops  from  direct 
sunshine  from  10  to  4  o'clock.  If  these  two  points  are 
attended  to,  and  also  shelter  from  high  winds,  it 
matters  little  where  they  stand.  In  all  cases  it  will 
to  place  Camellias  under  glass  shelter  early  in  Oc- 
tober, less  for  fear  of  cold  than  of  saturating  rains 
causing  a  sodden  state  of  the  soil  in  the  pots. 

While  adverting,  however,  to  the  safety  and  use- 
fulness of  placing  Camellias  in  the  open  air  in  sum- 
mer, it  must  not  be  inferred  that  this  is  essential 
to  the  successful  culture  ;  it  is,  in  fact,  far  otherwise, 
as  the  majority  of  the  finest  Camellias  in  the  country 
are  planted  out  in  conservatories  with  immovable 
roofs.  Many  such  houses  are,  however,  treated  to 
special  semi-tropical  treatment  as  has  been  described, 
aad  »ie  kept  as  cool  and  open  as  possible  after  the 


flower-buds  are  fairly  set,  so  that  the  cultural  and 
climatic  conditions  approximate  as  closely  as  possible 
to  those  here  indicated. 

Soil  and  seasons  of  potting  may  be  described  as 
vexed  questions  in  Camellia  cirlture.  As  to  the  first, 
some  affect  pure  loam,  others  peat  only,  yet  more  a 
half-and-half  of  both,  with  a  liberal  proportion  of 
gritty  sand,  or  a  little  smashed  charcoal  or  bruised 
bones  as  porous  or  feeding  agents,  or  both.  Most 
growers  prefer  the  mixture,  and  as  good  Camellias 
are  grown  in  each  of  its  constituents  it  follows  with- 
out saying  that  they  may  also  be  well  grown  in  various 
proportions  of  both. 

Under  lalher  than  over  potting  suits  the  plants 
best,  and  the  best  time  is  doubtless  just  before  they 
are  about  to  start  into  fresh  growth,  though  many 
good  cultivators  elect  to  shift  their  plants  in  the  late 
summer  or  autumn,  that  is,  soon  after  the  growth  is 
finishing,  and  the  flower  buds  fairly  and  fully  set  for 
the  next  season.  From  all  which  it  is  obvious  that 
the  Camellia  is  not  only  among  the  most  useful  and 
showy,  but  likewise  among  the  most  accommodating  of 
plants. 

Under  good  cultivation  it  is  also  one  of  the  cleanest, 
though  when  scab  gets  on  it,  it  is  difficult  to  get  rid  of 
it.  Mealy-bugs  also  occasionally  make  a  hurried  visit 
to  Camellias  when  making  their  growth,  as  well  as 
aphides.  But  the  leaves  once  formed  and  advanced 
to  semi-maturity  are  too  hard  and  leathery  for  such 
insects,  while  they  will  bear  scale  being  rubbed  off 
them  with  impunity.  But  really  well  grown  Camellias, 
as  a  rule,  are  wholly  free  from  insect  pests,  and  their 
clean  dark  glossy  leaves  are  only  of  secondary  beauty 
to  their  brilliant  exquisitely  formed  and  many  sized 
flowers.  D.  T, 


CATTLEYA    LAWRENCEANA. 

So  much  interest  has  been  expressed  on  this 
splendid  new  Orchid  from  Roraima,  in  British 
Guiana  (see  fig.  on  p.  375  of  our  number  for  March  2 1 
of  this  year),  introduced  into  England  by  the  succes?- 
fal  Orchid  collector  Mr.  Siedel,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  F. 
Sander,  that  no  excuse  is  needed  for  adding  some 
further  particulars  about  this  plant,  especially  of  its 
native  home,  to  those  already  published  in  the 
Gardeners^  Chronicle  \  and,  in  the  first  place,  let  mc 
present  a  sketch  of  the  exact  place  where  this  plant 
occurs  (fig.  34), which  is  not,  as  seems  to  have  been  sup- 
posed in  England,  actually  in  Roraima,  but  is  along 
the  bed  of  the  Kookenaam  River,  where  it  flows  along 
the  base  of  the  south  side  of  the  twin  mountains  of 
Roraima  and  Kookenaam,  at  a  level  of  only  about  3750 
feet  above  that  of  the  sea,  and  not  of  from  6000  to 
8000  feet  as  would  be  the  case  did  the  plant  come 
from  Roraima  itself.  The  mountain  in  the  back- 
ground of  the  sketch  is  Kookenaam — its  southern  end, 
seen  from  a  point  somewhat  to  the  east  of  snuth. 
The  stream  in  the  sketch  is  the  Kookenaam  River, 
which  here  runs  along  the  bottom  of  a  deep  channel 
which  it  has  cut  for  itself  through  the  surrounding 
bare  savannah  lands.  In  the  shelter  afforded  by  the 
high  banks  of  this  channel,  among  the  countless  blocks 
of  stone,  of  all  shapes  and  sizes,  which  here  occupy 
the  bed  of  the  stream,  grow  many  shrubs  and  stunted 
trees,  and  some  few  trees  of  greater  height, 
most  of  which  latter,  at  the  time  when  I 
made  the  sketch— Christmas  Day,  1SS4 — had  been 
blasted  by  the  hot  breath  of  some  recent  savannah 
fire,  which,  however,  had  left  unscathed  the  lower 
plants  down  in  the  cool  shelter  of  the  deep  channel. 
It  is  on  the  trunks  and  branches,  often  big  and  gnarled, 
of  the  shrubs  and  trees  down  in  this  gully  that  Cattleya 
Lawrenceana  grows  in  abundant  splendour.  Even  as 
I  was  m?king  the  sketch  I  saw  on  a  tree  close  to  me 
two  most  magnificent  clumps  of  this  Orchid,  on  a  tree 
overhanging  the  bathing  pool  of  the  Arekoona  village 
of  Teroola,  the  better  of  the  two  having  five  spikes  of 
flowers,  of  which  one  bore  nine,  each  of  the  others 
eight  blossoms,  in  all  forty-one,  of  some  of  the  largest 
and  finest  Cattleya  flowers  ever  seen  on  a  single  small 
plant,  the  roots  of  which  easily  lay  on  my  extended 
hand.  Our  Christmas  decorations  that  day  consisted 
of  an  enormous  pile  of  these  flowers.  And  these 
were  gathered  after  the  Indians  employed  by  Mr. 
Siedel  had,  day  after  day  for  many  weeks,  collected 
from  that  immediate  neighbourhood,  two,  three,  or 
even  six  enormous  basketfuls  of  this  plant — each 
basket  a  strong  man's  load.  These  baskets,  by  the 
way,  as  many  of  the  plants  happened  to  be  in  full 
bloom,  were  strangely  beautiful.  The  Indians  asserted 
that  the  Cattleya,  which  they  expressively  called  by  a 
word  which  m?ans  "  blossoro_of  the  wood"  (trunk), 


grows  also  along  several  of  the  other  similar  streamlets 
in  the  neighbourhood,  though,  they  added,  not  always 
so  large  and  fine  in  form. 

Mr.  Siedel  had  visited  the  place  in  the  previous 
April,  and  had  then  detected  the  plant  and  collected 
considerable  quantities  of  it  ;  but  that  lot,  being 
unfortunate  in  its  journey  to  England,  had  perished. 
The  same  very  diligent  and  patient  collector  was  at 
the  same  spot  again  while  we  were  there  in  December 
of  last  year,  and  was  gathering  a  new  lot,  which,  I 
am  glad  to  hear,  afterward  appeared  in  fine  condition 
in  Mr.  Stevens'  sale  room  in  London. 

Lastly,  while  I  connot  help  paying  a  tribute  of 
admiration  to  the  paiient  toil  and  endurance  of  dull 
hardship  of  such  commercial  Orchid  collecting  as 
this,  and  cannot  help  congratulating  both  the  col- 
lector and  his  employer  and  the  Oichid-loving  English 
public  on  the  successful  result  of  this  collecting, 
neither  can  I  help  expressing  regret  at  the  pro- 
bable extinction  in  their  native  homes  of  such  plants 
as  this  by  their  wholesale  collection  for  market. 
A  splendid  Orchid  at  home  is  a  thing  of  beauty,  to  be 
admired  by  many  ;  the  same  Orchid  in  its  native 
home  is  a  thing  of  yet  far  greater  beauty,  seen  and 
therefore  admired  by  but  few  ;  but  then  these  few 
are  generally  wearied  travellers,  who  deserve  and 
want  the  refreshment  of  the  beautiful  picture. 

The  preceding  paragraph  was  meant  to  be  my 
last,  but,  like  Dr.  Baxter,  I  have  "  more  last  words," 
and  these  are  simply,  that  I  purpose,  with  the  per- 
mission of  the  Editor,  at  some  future  time  to  offer 
the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  a  short  series 
of  articles  on  Guiana  Orchids  in  their  native  homes, 
in  the  hope  that  this  may  increase  the  interest  felt  in 
these  same  plants  when  transferred  to  English  hot- 
houses. [We  accept  the  proposal  on  bahalf  of  our 
readers  with  cordial  thanks.  Ed.]  Everard  F.  im 
Thurn,  Pomeroon  River,  June  iS. 


SCHOOLS  OF  HORTICULTURE.* 

Horticulture  may  be  considered  to  bear  the 
same  relations  to  botany  as  manufacturing  chemistry 
does  to  general  chemistry.  In  fact,  horticulture  is 
merely  the  application  of  botany  to  practice,  nearly 
all  the  daily  occupations  of  the  gardener  being  founded 
on  a  basis  of  scientific  rules.  It  is  therefore  plain 
that  the  study  of  this  science  should  occupy  a  promi- 
nent place  in  the  programmes  of  schools  of  horticul- 
ture, but  it  is  important  to  point  out  what  the  nature 
of  the  teaching  should  be,  in  order  to  be  truly  useful. 

Theoretical  Instruction. 
This  should  be  carefully  adapted  to  the  special  re- 
quirements and  capacity  of  the  pupils.  The  require- 
ments for  the  preliminary  examinations  in  the 
Belgian  schools  are  far  from  being  difiicult.  They 
only  require  that  the  pupil  should  possess  that  slight 
amount  of  knowledge  which  may  be  acquired  in  a 
primary  school.  The  regulations  also  allow  the 
admission  of  pupils  from  the  age  of  fifteen  years.  It 
usually  happens  that  these  lads  have  not  had  a 
sufficient  education  to  understand  anything  more  than 
an  elementary  course.  The  Professor  should  therefore 
endeavour  to  make  his  instructions  as  simple  as 
possible,  and  employ  all  the  means  in  his  power  to 
make  himself  understood.  He  will  succeed  the  better 
in  proportion  as  he  makes  his  course  more  practical. 
To  this  end  he  should  make  use  of  fresh  plants  or 
dried  specimens,  museum  specimens,  diagrams,  &c.  ; 
in  short,  of  everything  which  appeals  to  the  eye. 
Under  these  circumstances  a  junior  pupil  will  under- 
stand and  remember  (he  explanations  given.  This 
theoretical  course  should  be  extended  over  two  or  three 
academic  years,  and  should  comprise  general  botanyand 
special  botany.  In  general  botany  the  elements  of 
anatomy  should  be  studied,  the  forms  of  organs,  and 
above  all  physiology.  It  is  important  that  the  gardener 
should  have  an  idea  at  least  of  the  structure  of 
the  difl'erent  parts  of  plants  and  of  their 
uses.  He  must  know  the  details  of  the  pheno- 
mena of  the  life  of  plants,  in  order  to  place  plants 
under  the  most  favourable  conditions  for  their  growth. 
To  mention  only  a  few  examples  chosen  at  hazard, 
how  can  he  regulate  the  watering  of  plants  if  he  is 
not  acquainted  with  the  mode  of  action  of  roots  and 
leaves,  with  the  phenomena  of  absorption  and  evapor- 
ation I  How,  if  he  ignores  the  peculiarities  relating  to 
sexual  reproduction,  will  he  proceed  in  any  intelligent 
manner  to  effect  artificial  poilenisation  and   hybrid- 

•  A  paper  read  at  the  Antwerp  Horticultural  Congress,  by 
Professor  Kiokx. 


August  S,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


169 


isation  ?  A  very  important  chapter  of  the  programme 
of  general  botany  which  must  be  taught  to  the  horti 
cultural  pupil  is  the  study  of  the  influence  of  externa 
agents — for  example,  light,  heat,  electricity,  the  soil 
&c. — upon  plants.  The  two  first  of  these  especially 
are  concerned  with  a  number  of  physiological  pheno^ 
mena  which  the  gardener  meets  with  in  his  daily 
work.  lie  must  understand  the  influence  of  tem 
perature  in  order  to  manage  the  germination  of  seed: 
successfully,  the  ascent  of  the  water  of  evaporation 


this  as  it  may,  however,  in  this  report  I  may  be 
excused  from  dilating  on  this  subject,  because  it  will 
receive  special  attention  at  the  hands  of  the  Congress. 
Special  botany  should  hold  a  still  more  important 
place  in  the  programme.  It  is  indispensable,  in  fact, 
that  all  who  apply  themselves  to  gardening  should  be 
acquainted  with  botanical  terms  and  descriptions, 
so  as  to  be  able  to  understand  the  descriptions  of  the 
plants  given  in  the  Floras,  and  to  be  able  on  occasion 
to  make  a  dissection  of   the  flower.     The  gardener 


possesses  these  facts  will  be  less  exposed  than  others 
to  the  risk  of  failure  when  he  is  called  on  to  cultivate 
newly  introduced  plants.  He  will  know,  on  the  con- 
trary, how  to  place  them  under  conditions  of  existence 
analogous  to  those  of  their  native  country.  The 
theoretical  teaching  to  be  easily  understood  by  the 
pupils  should,  as  is  before  said,  be  based  as  far 
as  possible  on  practical  instruction.  What  idea  can 
a  young  man,  having  had  little  preparatory  education, 
form  of  the  cell,  the  seat  of  the  principal  functions  of 


the  ripening  of  fruit,  seeds,  &c.  He  should  know 
how  to  regulate  in  an  intelligent  manner  the  operation 
of  heat  and  light  in  his  flower  and  fruit  houses.  If 
gardeners  had  clearer  notions  of  the  part  which  rays 
of  various-coloured  light  play  in  the  functions  of  life, 
we  should  not  have  seen  advanced  a  few  years  ago  the 
absurd  idea  of  covering  greenhouses  with  blue  or 
violet  glass  in  order  to  hasten  the  maturity  of  Grapes. 
The  study  of  vegetable  pathology,  which  in  most 
schools  forms  part  of  a  course  of  botany,  is  also  of 
great  interest  to  horticultural  pupils.  The  subject 
might  even  form  the  object  of  a  separate  course.     Be 


should  have  as  clear  an  idea  as  possible  of  classi5ca> 
tion.  II  they  understood  better  what  is  meant  by  a 
natural  group,  family,  genus,  species,  &c.,  they 
would  not  be  so  often  seen  trying  to  obtain  a  graft  or 
a  hybrid  under  impossible  conditions,  nor  announce 
in  their  catalogues,  as  among  new  species,  simple 
forms  soon  condemned  to  disappear  by  returning  to 
the  primitive  type.  It  is  equally  a  necessity  that 
the  pupils  of  a  school  of  gardening  should  receive 
some  information  concerning  the  geographical  distri- 
bution of  plants,  and  the  dispersal  of  different  natural 
groups  on  the  surface  of  the  globe.   The  gardener  who 


plants  if  the  Professor  has  not  shown  it  to  him  under 
the  microsope  ?  This  simple  examination  will  ensure 
a  better  result  than  the  longest  explanations.  It  is 
certainly  of  little  use  for  the  future  gardener  to  be 
instructed  in  the  art  of  making  microscopical  prepara- 
tions for  himself ;  but  it  is  desirable  to  allow  him  to 
see  from  time  to  time  those  made  by  the  Professor. 
It  is  especially  in  special  botany  that  practical  work 
is  of  use.  To  this  end  the  Professor  should  lay 
before  his  pupils  well  selected  specimens  from  the  prin- 
cipal natural  groups,  and  proceed  to  examine  them 
with  his  pupils.     In  Belgium  the  excellent  manual  by 


lyo 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


M.  Ciepin  is  of  great  use  in  this  respect,  the  pupils 
employing  Iheir  botanical  excursions  successfully. 
Tliese  herborisalions,  in  spile  of  all  their  advantages, 
have  nevertheless  a  drawback  ;  this  is,  they  take  up 
time  which  might  be  devoted  to  more  useful  garden 
work.  When,  as  is  the  case  at  Ghent,  a  collec- 
tion of  plants  exists,  and  in  which  the  plants  are 
labelled  and  classified  after  a  natural  method,  the 
necessity  for  a  number  of  excursions  is  in  a  great 
measure  done  away  with.  In  a  botanic  garden  in- 
stiuclion  is  made  to  bear  on  plants  not  represented 
in  the  native  flora  of  a  country,  and  which  the 
gardener  is  perhaps  specially  interested  in  knowing. 
It  is  very  important  to  teach  the  pupils  to  dry  plants 
and  to  preserve  them  in  herbaria.  Each  should  be 
supplied  with  a  label  mentioning,  not  only  the  name 
of  the  species,  but  even  the  spot  where  it  was 
gathered,  the  time  of  its  blooming,  and  the  name  of 
the  collector. 


ALPINE    PLANTS    ON    THE 
■GEMMI. 

These  notes  were  made  on  plants  collected  prin- 
cipally on  the  Gerami  Pass  between  June  12  and 
July  iS,  that  is  to  say,  I  have  crossed  the  Pass  going  up 
from  Leukerbad,  by  one  of  the  most  wonderful  zigzag 
path;  in  Switzerland,  in  June,  thus  passing  into  the 
I'.ernese  Oberland  ;  and  in  July  we  recrossed  the  Pass, 
this  time,  of  course,  descending  to  Leukerbad.  In 
June  the  path,  from  the  little  hotel  WiUIslrubel  at  the 
top  of  the  Pass  to  the  inn  of  .Schwarenbach,  was  only 
to  be  diicovered  by  stakes  driven  in  along  the  edge 
of  the  path  itself,  the  ground  on  either  side  being 
covered  with  snow.  The  most  noticeable  plant  was 
Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  forming  large  patches  of  pink, 
some  of  them  nearly  a  foot  in  circumference,  hanging 
down  over  the  rocks  on  all  sides ;  it  was  also  in 
great  abundance  on  the  Torrenthorn,  a  mountain  we 
ascended  from  Leukerbad  in  June,  and  we  found  it  in 
flower  there  when  we  had  left  all  olher  flowers  far 
below  ;  Crocus  vernus  and  Soldanella  alpina  in  great 
abundance  on  the  Torrenthorn,  the  former  struggling 
up  through  the  snow  as  fast  as  the  snow  melted  ; 
Anemone  alpina  and  A.  sulphurea,  the  latter  in 
one  place  only;  on  the  Alp  or  lower  pastures  of 
the  same  mountain  Anemone  vernalis  was  also  found. 
In  the  Pine  forests  above  Leukerbad  Viola  biflora  was 
very  conspicuous  with  its  small  brij;ht  yellow  flowers, 
also  Valeriana  montana.  To  return  to  the  Gemmi — 
still  in  June— the  rocks  and  ground  (where  the  snow 
had  already  melted)  on  the  left-hand  side  of  the  path, 
shortly  before  arriving  at  Schwarenbach,  were  a  mass 
of  colour — pink,  yellow,  purple,  and  white.  Primula 
farinosa,  Ranunculus(?)  (yellow),  Viola  alpina  (purple), 
Pansy,  and  Ranunculus  glacialis,  and  Primula  Auri- 
cula (yellow),  and  Gentiana  verna,  here  and  there, 
not  in  the  same  quantity  as  the  first-named.  I  hav 
n>:vcr  seen  such  a  blaze  of  colour,  except,  perhaps,  ine 
Miss  Jekyll's  garden  at  Munstead.  As  we  began  to 
descend — that  is,  towards  the  valley  of  Kandersteg — 
we  found  the  meadows  full  of  flowers,  Anemone 
narcissiflora  being  abundant.  I  was  sorry  not  to  be 
able  to  take  either  notes  or  specimens  as  we  started  late 
in  the  afternoon,  and  my  guide  said  if  that  I  stopped  by 
the  way  we  should  not  get  to  Kandersteg  that  night. 

In  July,  when  we  recrossed  the  Gemmi,  the  flora 
was  very  much  changed,  all  the  species  of  Anemone 
being  over,  also  Primula  farinosa,  and  but  few  of  either 
Viola  alpina  or  Ranunculus  glacialis  remaining  in 
flower  ;  the  two  most  showy  flowers  now  were  Dryas 
octopetala,  which  I  think  is  "the  beauty  "  above  all 
the  other  alpines  ;  and  Rhododendron  hirsutum,  both 
in  great  abundance.  R.  ferrugineum  we  also  found, 
but  it  is  not  common  here  ;  then  Edelweiss,  now 
(July  iS)  in  flower,  but  still  not  fully  out  in  many 
plants,  though  my  guide  managed  to  gather  six  fine 
bunches  of  the  flowers.  I  give  the  names  of  a  few 
other  alpioes  I  collected  mostly  on  or  about  the 
Gemmi  : — 

Globularia  cordifolia  Gentiana  acaulis 

Phaca  astragalina  „    lutea  (in  the  valley  of 

Saxifraga  aizoides  Kandersteg    a    very 

,,    rotundifoha  showy     plant,     2 — 3 

Achillea  moschata  feet  high) 

Azalea  procumbens  (in  June        Linaria  alpina  (common,  but 

and  July)  very  pretty) 

Aster    alpinus   (in  July    in        Myosotis  alpestris  (a  lovely 

flower)  blue) 

Erigeron  alpinus  Rosa  alpina 

Veronica  saxatilis  Cerastium  alpinum 

,,     fruticosa  Alchemilla  alpina 

„    latifolia  Bellidiastruni  Michelii 
Gentiana  bavarica 

And,  lastly,  among  Orchids,  all  the  following 
species  I  found  growing  together  in  the  Ocschinen- 


thal,  a  stony  valley  with  a  stream  running  down  the 
middle,  the  overflow  of  the  beautiful  Oeschinen  See, 
a  small  lake  at  the  top  of  the  valley,  overlooked  by 
the  glaciers  of  the  Blumlisalp,  Dolderhorn,  &c.  :— 
O.chis  maculata,  O.  conopsea,  Ophrys  aranifera,  O. 
muscifera,  Epipaclis  rubiginosa,  Listera  ovata  ;  and 
the  same  day,  on  the  Gemmi,  Chamwoichis  alpina 
and  Nigritella  anguslifolia,  the  latter  very  sweet. 

I  must  mention  the  Jardin  d'Acclimatalion  at 
Geneva,  of  which  my  friend,  M.  Henry  Correvon,  is 
the  able  Director,  and  where  all  the  rarer  alpine 
plants  are  to  be  seen  in  perfection.  Every  one  who 
goes  to  Geneva  should  pay  the  garden  a  visit  and  see 
for  himself  the  good  work  he  is  doing  in  saving  the 
rarer  alpines  froin  extermination,  all  the  specimens 
being  raised  from  seeds  gathered  on  the  mountains, 
and  not  by  pulling  up  the  plant.  The  letter  of  Mr. 
Justice  Wills  in  your  columns  will,  I  hope,  be  of 
inuch  sei\ice.  Scott  iVihon,  Geneva. 


MARKET    GARDENING. 

(Conlinued  from  j,.  75  ) 

Veitch's  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower  has  been 
very  extensively  grown  under  field  culture  during  the 
last  few  years,  and  here  is  seen  an  excellent  illustra- 
tion of  the  readiness  with  which  growers  keep  pace 
with  the  requirements  of  the  metropolitan  markets. 
When,  about  six  years  ago,  I  first  advised  a  neighbour 
to  commence  its  culture  it  was  unknown  in  this  dis- 
trict— unknown,  I  mean,  to  market  gardeners.  The 
great  success  attending  my  friend's  commencement, 
however,  brought  numerous  competitors  ;  so  much 
so,  that  during  the  last  two  seasons  large  masses  of 
these  very  superior  "Whiteheads"  became  all  but 
unmarketable  at  a  fair  remuneration.  As  regards  its 
culture,  very  slight  difference  is  made  concerning  the 
preparation  of  the  ground  and  planting  to  that  long  in 
vogue  with  Savoys,  &c.  Certainly,  an  additional 
quantity  of  manure  is  generally  applied  immediately 
before  the  crop  is  planted,  and  more  distance  is 
given  between  plants  as  a  matter  of  course.  Again,  a 
fact  I  have  already  endeavoured  to  emphasise,  comes 
very  prominently  to  the  fore  ;  viz.,  simply  ploughing 
and  rolling  the  ground  produces  by  its  inherent  firm- 
ness, or  clod  consistency,  as  fine  if  not  finer  produce 
than  highly  manured  and  spade-wrought  garden  soils 
give.  The  field  culture  of  this  crop  also  altitms  how 
very  hardy  this  handsome  variety  is,  as  the  seeds  are 
sown  broadcast  across  fields,  at  the  same  time  and  in 
precisely  the  same  way  as  are  those  of  Cabbages,  hardy 
greens,  &c.  The  seedling  plants  which  result  from 
them  keep  pace  with  all.  One  singular  fact  is  always 
associated  with  the  young  plants,  though  the  cause  is 
difficult  to  explain — i.A,  quite  15  per  cent,  of  the 
young  seedlings  prove  invariably  blind  and  quite 
useless. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  crops  in  this  way  is  that 
known  as  the  Purple-sprouting  Broccoli.  Pro- 
bably there  does  not  exist  in  the  whole  of  the  long 
list  of  species  and  their  innumerable  varieties  of  the 
Brassica  tribe  a  more  hardy  one  than  this,  in 
all  that  concerns  its  growth  from  the  germina- 
tion of  the  seed  to  the  planting  and  lull  growth, 
though,  owing  to  its  luxuriance,  it  occasionally 
succumbs  to  severe  mid-winter  frosts.  The  young 
seedling  plants  are  transplanted  at  any  time,  age,  or 
size,  when  suitable  ground  space  can  be  prepared  for 
them.  Sometimes  they  are  so  large,  or  so  long,  as  to 
be  planted  by  simply  laying  them  along  a  freshly- 
opened  trench  and  plough-planted.  Often  long 
attenuated  seedling-bed  drawn  plants,  iS  inches 
or  2  feet  in  length,  are  thus  treated,  and  they  form, 
even  in  his  recumbent  position,  huge  heads  in  due 
season.  This  system  of  planting,  though  the  soil  is 
heaped  over  the  roots  more  freely  and  more  loosely 
than  is  the  case  in  regard  to  dibble-planting,  never 
succeeds  so  well  as  the  latter,  albeit  the  stalks  are 
often  buried  more  deeply — sometimes  a  desirable 
feature,  but  in  extensive  practice  the  reverse.  It  is 
well  to  observe,  these  purple  Broccoli  are  not  planted 
simply  for  the  liower-heads.  The  huge  growths 
made — so  fine  often  that  two  or  three  of  them 
occasionally  fill  a  sieve — are  cut  and  marketed  long 
before  any  signs  of  flowers  appear.  They  are  always 
appreciated  by  the  public,  and  constitute  one  of  the 
most  tender  and  delicate-tlavoured  greens  grown. 
Gardeners,  having  extensive  supplies  to  provide 
during  the  months  of  January  and  February,  will  find 
it  very  advantageous  to  grow  a  quantity  of  this 
variety,  to  be  used  in  lieu  of  Cabbage  greens,  &c. , 
which  are  often  too  much  depended   on,  though  they 


have  so  little  to  commend  them  in  point  of  tenderness 
or  flavour. 

DwAKF  French  Beans  need  no  explanatory  re- 
marks :  they  are  grown  somewhat  like  garden  crops, 
but  the  variety  of  Bean  known  more  commonly  as 
"Runners  " — field-grown  varieries  of  which  comprise 
the  Scarlet  Runner  and,  though  less  frequently,  the 
white  Dutch— are  cultivated  around  the  metropolis  ill 
a  way  that  would  surprise  many  non-travelled  country 
gardeners.  Sown  in  hundreds  of  acres,  across  the 
fields,  they  are  forced  into  early  and  very  heavy 
cropping  by  a  most  persistent  system  of  frequent 
stoppings :  no  sticks  being  ever  used,  except  on 
very  rare  occasions,  and  then  only  to  grow  seeds  of 
fine  colour  and  quality,  either  for  market  or  for  a 
future  season's  planting.  It  is  remarkable,  also,  how 
very  early  Runner  Beans  are  field  sown,  sometimes 
even  during  the  first  of  second  week  in  the  month  of 
April,  and  always  within  this  month  where  ground 
is  ready  to  receive  the  seed.  It  is  a  fact,  pro- 
bably not  too  well  known,  that  this  plant  when 
the  first  "  spear  "  or  shoot  is  cut  down  by  an  early 
frost  will  produce  a  second,  and  succeed  in  cropping 
well  afterwards.  As  regards  the  stopping  already 
alluded  to  :  this  is  commenced  as  soon  as  the  shoot 
forms,  following  the  seed  lobes  or  leaves.  And  this 
is  followed  up  by  close  slopping  whenever  a  young 
shoot  shows  above  the  leaves.  By  this  means  flowers 
are  forced  to  form  at  once,  and  the  result  is  early 
cropping.  I  gathered  my  first  dish  on  a  row  so 
treated  on  July  20  last.  Where  the  plant  is  per- 
mitted to  tun  up  slicks  fruiting  is  of  necessity  later 
than  this,  and,  as  a  rule,  such  abundant  crops  are  not 
produced.  As  these  plants  have,  moreover,  the  merit 
of  continuing  in  vigour  and  uninterrupted  fruitfulness 
until  the  frosts  of  early  autumn  cut  them  down,  there 
is  much  to  commend  this  simple  system  of  culture,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  saving  made  in  regard  to  the  outlay 
for  sticks  in  places  where  they  have  to  be  purchased. 
William  Barley. 


BOTANY    AND    GARDENING. 

Not  so  long  ago  it  was  considered  high  praise  by 
some  to  say  of  any  one  that  he  loved  flowers  for  their 
beauty,  and  did  not  care  to  pull  them  to  pieces  and 
examine  their  structure.  Probably  the  same  idea  is 
still  in  existence.  As  well  might  it  be  thought  that 
the  musician  who  had  studied  the  science  of  music 
must  therefore  enjoy  the  less  its  beauty  as  an  art ; 
yet  no  one  believes  that  musicians  would  have  pro- 
duced compositions  of  equal  beauty  in  harmony  and 
melody  had  they  ignored  the  scientific  side  of  musical 
culture,  or  that  their  works  would  be  the  better  inter, 
preted  by  an  absence  of  all  such  knowledge  on  the 
part  of  the  performers.  The  same  assuredly  holds 
good  in  regard  to  the  culture  of  flowers.  It  is  pos- 
sible to  thoroughly  love  both  music  and  flowers — to 
express  artistic  feeling  in  the  one,  and  to  cultivate 
successfully  the  olher— without  the  slightest  scientific 
knowledge  of  either  ;  but  the  gain  in  either  case  is 
great  if  "  the  reason  why"  be  carefully  looked  into. 
A  world  of  marvels  is  opened  up  to  the  botanist, 
increasing  the  interest  of  practical  gardening  ;  and 
although  the  number  of  botanic  gardens  through 
the  country  must  necessarily  be  small,  there  need  be 
no  such  limit  to  the  number  of  botanical  gardeners. 
It  is  just  such  an  army  of  intelligent  observers  which 
is  at  present  wanted.  There  is  work  enough  for  all, 
since  Mr.  Darwin  has,  as  it  were,  made  botany  a  new 
science,  and  taught  us  that  every  smallest  marking  in 
a  flower,  every  minutest  peculiarity  in  a  plant,  has  its 
meaning  and  history.  No  garden  is  too  small,  and  no 
careful  and  accurate  observer  too  ignorant,  to  be  of  some 
use  in  this  great  work.  But  of  all  things  accuracy  is 
the  most  important.  An  inaccurate  observation  is 
not  only  useless,  but  positively  mischievous,  and  can 
only  serve  to  mislead  others.  A  certain  amount  of 
knowledge  as  to  what  is,  and  what  is  not,  worth  re- 
cording amongst  these  observations,  is  of  course  of 
great  use  ;  and  probably  a  mass  of  observations  which 
would  be  of  value  to  scientists,  is  lost  by  the  want  of 
such  knowledge.  This  can  only  be  remedied  by  some 
degree  of  careful  botanical  training  becoming  part  of 
the  education  of  every  gardener  worthy  of  the  name, 
whether  professional  or  amateur.  The  sooner  the  old 
popular  idea  that  botany  means  "  how  to  know  the 
Dames  of  plants  "  is  annihilated  the  better.  Useful, 
indeed  practically  essential,  as  such  knowledge  is  to 
the  gardener,  it  is  but  a  small  item  in  the  sort  of 
knowledge  required,  if  gardening  is  to  be,  as  it  cer- 
tainly ought  to  be,  a  rich  field  of  observation,  to  which 


August  8.   1SS5  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


171 


science  workers  may  look  for  a  supply  of  some  of  the 
facts  they  require.  Such  facts  often  throw  a  flood  of 
light  on  some  of  the  deepest  botanical  questions;  and 
amongst  these  facts  worth  recording,  are  the  abnormal 
growths  which  perpetually  occur,  many  of  which  may 
be  full  of  interest  as  links  in  the  evolution  of  the 
plant,  and  in  its  relation  to  far  distant  branches  of  the 
great  genealogical  tree  of  plant  life.  Some  know- 
ledge of  structure  and  function,  of  vegetable  biology 
in  fact,  is  the  requisite  guide  as  to  what  to  observe  ; 
for  nothing  is  more  curious  than  the  way  in  which 
even  a  trained  eye  fails  to  observe  what  comes  directly 
**  under  its  notice,"  but  what  in  reality  is  often  not 
noticed  at  all.  Herbert  Spencer  speaks  of  a  fact 
which  "  has  its  significance  observed  by  its  extreme 
familiarity,"  and  this  is  a  danger  which  besets  every 
gardener,  and  which  cannot  be  too  carefully  guarded 
against.  The  very  faculty  of  "  wondering  why"  seems 
to  be  but  too  exceptional.  Though  it  is  by  workers  in 
the  laboratory  that  some  of  the  greatest  botanical 
discoveries  have  been  made,  yet,  from  the  very  nature'of 
their  work — work  often  requiring  a  course  of  observa- 
tion by  night  as  well  as  by  day — they  cannot  have  the 
same  kind  of  opportunities  for  observing  the  daily 
life  of  many  a  plant  which  gardeners  necessarily  have. 
And  just  as  the  work  is  different,  so  it  may  be  of  use. 
The  gardener  may  not  have  time,  or  taste,  or  knowledge 
necessary  for  the  patient  microscopic  observations  and 
carefully  thought-out  conclusions  of  the  scientist  ;  but 
if  the  gardener  be  a  botanist  he  will  feel  too  deep  a 
debt  of  gratitude  for  the  results  of  such  scientific 
work  not  to  be  ready  to  aid  by  accurate  observation 
(however  small  in  degree  be  the  aid  he  can  give)  in 
ihe  progress  of  scientific  research. 

By  such  means  gardening  becomes,  not  merely  a 
useful  and  interesting  occupation  and  a  pleasant 
amusement,  but  an  intellectual  pursuit,  with  possi- 
bilities on  every  side  for  new  observations  which  may 
sometimes  lead  to  important  discoveries  ;  and  at  the 
same  time  the  practical  knowledge  of  plants  which 
intelligent  gardening  involves  adds  in  no  small  degree 
to  the  interest  of  botanical  study,  and  to  that  of  many 
books  which  open  up  fresh  lines  of  thought  with 
regard  to  plant-life — such  books,  for  instance,  as 
some  of  Darwin's,  as  Wallace's  IslauJ  Life,  Kerner's 
/'lowers  and  their  Unhidden  Guests^  tS:c.,  must  be  full 
of  suggestiveness  to  the  gardener,  and  make  him 
realise  that  gardening  and  botany  are  in  no  degree 
antagonistic,  but  that  to  its  work  in  connection  with 
botanical  science  gardening  must  look  for  its  highest 
development  in  both  pleasure  and  interest.  C  M» 
Owen. 


ROOT    STRUCTURE. 

The  variation  in  the  appearance  of  roots  according 
as  they  grow  below  the  surface,  in  the  air,  or  in 
water,  is  well  known.  Latterly  M.  Constantin  has 
pushed  the  inquiry  further,  and  has  examined  the 
internal  structural  modifications  which  accomp.iny  the 
more  obvious  external  changes.  M.  Constantin  ex- 
amined the  structure  of  the  root  in  terrestrial  and  in  epi- 
phytal Orchids  respectively,  and  also  made  com- 
parative experiments  by  causing  aerial  roots  to  grow 
underground,  and  others  exposed  to  light  or  immersed 
in  water,  and  so  forth.  M.  Constantin's  general 
conclusions  are  as  follows  : — 

The  growth  of  roots  in  the  ait — I,  diminishes  the 
bark,  and,  on  the  contrary,  increases  the  pith  ;  2, 
causes  an  increase  in  the  fibrous  system  of  the  bark 
as  well  as  of  the  centre  ;  3,  causes  an  increase  in  the 
number  of  ligneous  vessels  ;  4,  renders  the  endo- 
dermic  cells  harder  and  more  impermeable. 

When,  on  the  contrary,  the  root  developes  in  water, 
the  following  results  are  apparent  :  —  I,  increase  ia 
the  size  of  the  spaces  between  the  cells  ;  2,  diminu- 
tion of  the  pith  ;  3,  reduction  of  the  fibrous  and 
vascular  systems. 

These  observations  show  plainly  that  the  roots 
adapt  themselves  in  the  same  manner  as  do  the 
stems  when  under  different  conditions. 

Like  the  aerial  stem,  the  atrial  roots  are  character- 
ised by  the  great  development  of  the  central  cylinder, 
of  the  fibrous  and  vascular  systems. 

Like  the  rhizomes,  the  subterranean  'stems  are 
distinguished  by  the  great  thickness  of  their  rind,  the 
reduction  of  the  pith,  and  the  small  importance  of  their 
fibres  and  vessels. 

Like  aquatic  stems,  the  roots  produced  under  the 
water  are  similar  in  structure  to  subterranean  organs, 
but  differ  in  having  intercellular  spaces,  and  in  the 
lesser  development  of  the  vascular  elements. 


The  analogy  remains  even  when  blanched  stems 
are  compared  with  roots,  which  have  grown  in  airand 
obscurity,  the  rind  and  ligneous  system  being  of  less 
importance  than  in  subterranean  organs.  The  root  is 
therefore  as  liable  to  modification  as  the  stem,  and  if 
its  organisation  seems  very  uniform  it  is  because  it  is 
most  often  developed  under  tlie  ground.  It  is  to  the 
influence  of  the  medium,  terrestrial  or  aquatic,  that 
we  must  attribute  the  feeble  development  of  the  pith 
of  roots.  The  absence  of  this  tissue  consequently  does 
not  serve  to  characterise  the  root  anatomically.  The 
most  striking  result  of  these  experiments  upon  Ihe 
root  as  well  as  on  the  stem,  is  that  the  woody  matter 
is  formed  with  relative  difficulty  under  the  ground,  in 
water,  and 'in  darkness,  w  The  consequences  of  this  are 
very  important,  as  the  functions  of  the  fundamental 
tissue  and  of  the  endoderm,  are  thus  found  to  be  en- 
tirely altered. 


GROUPING     IN     THE     GREEN- 
HOUSE AT  KEW. 

It  is  a  notorious  fact  that  no  system,  however  well 
designed,  or  novel  at  the  outset,  is  destined  to  give 
satisfaction  for  any  lengthened  period  of  time.  In 
evidence  of  this  may  be  mentioned  the  summer  flower 
bedding,  and  lately  carpet  bedding,  which  brought 
about  such  a  revolution  in  modern  gardening.  Both 
these  systems,  except  in  public  parks  and  gardens, 
have  fallen  greatly  into  disrepute,  a  circumstance  to 
be  accounted  for  in  various  ways.  Nor  is  it  a  matter 
of  surprise,  seeing  how  the  times  change. 

For  some  years  back,  at  least,  it  has  been  the 
custom  in  the  greenhouse  at  Kew  to  arrange  plants, 
of  any  sort  whatever,  almost  entirely  in  a  mixed 
manner.  One  might  occasionally  see  a  group  of 
Lachenalias  or  other  spring  flowering  bulbs,  but  this 
was  exceptional.  Lately,  however,  what  must  be 
considered  in  the  light  of  an  innovation,  is  the  arrange- 
ment of  plants  in  groups  of  a  kind.  This  system  has 
by  no  means  been  rigidly  adhered  to  throughout  the 
house  but  is  most  fully  effected  in  the  side  wings.  The 
larger  groups  are  made  up  of  tuberous-rooted  Begonias 
Pelargoniums,  and  Fuchsias,  and  one  group  in  parti- 
cular was  most  eftective  lately ;  this  consisted  of 
Ivy-leaved  Pelargonium;,  both  single  and  double,  in 
full  [flowering  condition,  occupying  a  bench,  backed 
up  by  a  huge  plant  of  BougainviUea  glabra,  monopo- 
lising the  whole  end  of  the  wing,  anri  flowering  most 
profusely  as  it  does  annually  for  many  weeks  at  this 
season.  An  attempt  has  been  made  to  break  the 
monotony  or  uniform  appearance  of  some  of  these 
groups,  for  instance,  by  inserting  plants  of  Cordyline, 
Cyperus,  Grevillea,as  well  as  the  taller,  shrubby  fine- 
foliaged  Begonias  amongst  the  tuberous-rooted  sorts. 
This  undoubtedly  carries  with  it  its  own  attractions, 
but  becomes  objectionable  on  the  ground  that  it  frus- 
trates to  some  extent  the  original  design,  the  motive 
of  which  was  to  gain  effect  by  the  massing  of  varieties 
of  one  class  of  plants.  Moreover  the  innovation  has 
been  eliciting  the  attention  of  the  more  frequent 
visitors. 

Conspicuous  amongst  other  things  are  some  groups 
of  the  deservedly  popular  Scutellaria  moccioiana, 
whose  somewhat  rigid  massive  spikes  of  scarlet  flowers 
contrast  well  with  plants  of  a  more  graceful  character. 
There  are  several  groups  of  Chrysanthemum  carina- 
tum,  a  most  effective  hardy  annual,  with  more  finely 
divided  foliage  and  far  showier  flower-heads  than 
C.  coronarium,  growing  alongside  of  it.  The  disc  is 
maroon,  and  the  rays  yellow,  pink,  or  white,  accord- 
ing to  the  variety,  with  a  golden-yellow  base  fre- 
quently surrounded  by  a  crimson  zone.  Both  single 
and  double  forms  are  represented. 

Distributed  about  the  house  are  smaller  groups  of 
Datura  suaveolens,  I'hlox  Drummondi,  Torrenia 
Fournieri  grandiflora,  and  Carnation  Souvenir  de  la 
Malmaison— the  latter  noticeable  for  its  huge  double 
pale-coloured  flowers. 

This  may  suffice  to  show  the  nature  of  the  arrange- 
ment, and  if  the  groups  are  occasionally  removed  and 
replaced  by  others  in  their  season  the  design  cannot 
fail  to  be  instructive  as  well  as  attractive.  The  hinge 
o(  the  novelty  will  rest  on  the  variety  and  showiness 
of  the  groups  introduced  from  time  to  time  amongst 
the  more  permanent  occupants  of  the  house.  Pro- 
minent amongst  these  in  flower  may  be  mentioned 
Banksia  compar,  Phormium  tenax,  Swainsonia 
Osborni,  and  S.  galegifolia.  The  two  latter  are 
allied,  but  distinguishable  species,  of  slender  habit, 
and  amenable  for  pot  culture,  or  for  planting  out  and 


training  as  climbers,  when  they  will  flower  freely  for 
many  weeks  together.  Profusely  flowered  plants  of 
Crassula  coccinea,  Trachelium  creruleum  with  its 
while  variety,  and  Francoa  appendiculata,  exhibit 
decided  tones  of  colour  distinct  from  those  around 
them.  The  climbers,  twiners,  and  other  subjects 
trained  to  the  pillars  and  rafters,  are  a  special  feature 
of  the  house,  and  some  one  or  other  of  them  is  in 
flower  at  almost  any  season.  The  graceful  habit  and 
showy  character  of  Begonia  fucbsioides  would  never 
be  dreamt  of  by  those  who  cultivate  it  in  pots  only, 
A  great  number  of  climbers  are  flowering  more  or 
less  profusely  at  the  present  time,  but  it  must  suffice 
to  mention  a  few,  such  as  I^assiflora  crerulea-racemosa,  . 
a  hybrid  with  red  sepals  and  pale  violet  petals, 
together  wiih  Mandevilla  suaveolens,  Trachelosper- 
mum  jisminoides,  and  Jasminum  confusum — the 
three  latter  of  which  have  white  flowers,  and  fill  the 
house  with  their  agreeable  fragrance.   /''. 


toiiistsi'    flounirs* 


CARNATION    AND     PICOTEE. 

For  the  last  nine  years  I  have  sent  a  resume  of  the 
new  Carnations  and  Picotees  exhibited  at  the  exhibi- 
tion of  the  National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Socieiy. 
It  is  very  interesting  and  instructive  to  look  back 
through  all  these  years,  and  contemplate  the  progress 
that  has  been  made.  My  own  expeiience  is  that 
seedling  raising  fluctuates  very  much.  Some  years  a 
great  many  new  and  distinct  varieties  are  produced, 
in  other  years  they  are  fe^v  and  far  between  ;  this  is 
probably  to  be  accounted  for,  by  the  greater  difficulty 
in  obtaining  seeds  when  the  season  happens  to  be  un- 
favourable to  the  proper  fertilisation  of  the  flowers. 
Hot  and  dry  seasons  are  the  be=t,  and  perhaps  such 
a  one  as  the  present,  which  was  very  unfavourable 
to  strong  development  of  the  plants  at  first,  has 
been  very  favourable  indeed,  now  that  the  plants  are 
fully  in  flower.  Some  varieties  are  very  unproductive 
of  pollen,  and  unless  very  favourably  placed  will  not 
produce  seeds.  The  yellow  ground  kinds  are  most 
difficult  to  fertilise,  and  as  far  as  my  experience  goes 
we  are  able  to  get  one  seed  only  for  every  two 
blooms.  Perhaps  better  results  will  be  obtained  this 
year  :  we  flowered  the  plants  earlier,  and  the  seed 
pods  now  formed  promise  well.  I  may  allude  first 
to  a  few  of  the  old  varieties,  as  it  is  of  much  im- 
portance to  growers  that  they  know  how  the  best 
of  those  sent  out  in  previous  years  yet  maintain  their 
early  promise  of  goodness. 

Beginning  with  the  ScARLiCT  Bizarre  class,  it  is 
marvellous  to  observe  how  well  Admiral  Curzon  holds 
the  position  it  has  so  well  kept  for  more  than  3 
quarter  of  a  century.  Arthur  Midhurst  and  Robert 
Lord,  raised  by  Mr.  Dodwell,  are  worthy  to  be  placed 
with  it.  Fred,  which  promised  well  at  first,  is  not  to 
be  depended  upon. 

In  Crimson  Bizarres,  most  of  the  new  ones 
already  show  signs  of  weakness,  or  they  do  not  main- 
tain their  character.  Samuel  Barlow,  for  instance, 
certificated  by  the  National  Society  in  18S3,  and  sent 
out  subsequently,  is  not  pure  enough  in  the  white,  and 
is  not  good  enough  to  put  in  a  stand  of  twenty-four  at 
an  exhibition,  although  it  was  placed  in  our  own  at 
the  last.  Master  Fred  already  shows  signs  of  weak- 
ness in  constitution,  and  William  Skirving  has  much 
degenerated  in  quality.  H.  K.  Mayor  (Dodwell)  is  a 
good  substantial  variety  shown  well  by  Mr.  Turner, 
Thomas  Moore  has  improved  [in  quality  since  it  was 
first  sent  out. 

The  Pink  and  Purple  Bizarres  do  not  yet  form 
an  important  section.  The  best  we  had  this  year  was 
Miss  Clorton  (Dodwell)  ;  it  is  far  superior  in  form  to 
Sarah  Payne,  and  was  equal  to  it  in  colour  this  year, 
Mrs.  Barlow  was  superb  last  year,  this  year  it  has 
lacked  brightness,  but  it  is  one  of  the  best. 

Passing  to  the  Purple  Flakes,  Simonite's  James 
Douglas  certainly  still  heads  the  list,  followed  by 
Squire  Whitburn  (Dodwell),  while  for  its  distinct 
shade  of  purple,  Florence  Nightingale  must  form  the 
last  of  the  trios.  In  scarlet  flakes,  Henry  Cannell 
(Dodwell)  and  Matador  (Abercrombie)  were  about 
equal  this  year.  The  first  named  is  very  bright 
in  colour,  but  the  petals  are  too  small,  and 
in  that  respect  Matador  gains  a  point.  John  Bull 
(Dodwell)  was  well  exhibited  by  Mr.  Turner,  but  I 
cannot  place  it  before  that  old  and  well-tried  variety 


172 


THE     GA  RDRNERS     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


Sporisman  (Iledderley),  as  one  of  the  three  best. 
Uob  Roy  has  come  Iwcll  to  the  front  as  Uy  far  the 
liriRhtcst  and  best  rose  Hake.  Tim  Hubbin  has  Rone 
back  from  its  first  promise  of  goodness,  and  is  replaced 
bp  Jessica.  John  Kect  must  hold  the  next  best  place 
until  some  of  the  new  ones  not  yet  in  commerce  take 
its  place. 

The  three  best  heavy  red  I'icotkks  are  Brunette, 
John  Smith,  and  Princess  of  Wales.  The  best  light 
red-edged  varieties  are  Mrs.  Gorton,  Thomas  William, 
and  Violet  Douglas.  Heavy  purple-edged  varieties 
are  best  represented  by  Muriel,  Mrs.  Chancellor,  and 
Zt;rlina,  while  in  light  shades  Her  Majesty,  Jessie, 
and  IS.ironcss  li.  Coulls,  hold  the  foremost  place. 
Heavy  rose  etlges  have  been  much  improved  during 
the  last  few  years,  Constance  Heron,  Mrs.  Payne, 
and  R'lyal  Visit  h.Tve  come  well  to  the  front,  and 
are  the  best  in  commerce.  In  light  rose  edges,  Liil- 
dington's  Favourite,  brought  into  prominence  by 
Mr.  T.  Austin,  ol  Brill,  last  year,  and  which 
gained   "  premium  "  in   London   this  year,  is  easily 


Thalia  is  a  promising  flower,  which  received  the 
2d  prize  as  a  rose  flake. 

I  have  only  to  remark  in  reference  to  the  exhibi- 
tion, that  it  was  very  pleasing  to  see  the  classes 
so  well  filled.  In  some  oi  them  there  were  as  many 
as  ten  entries  ;  and  considering  the  season  the  quality 
ol  the  blooms  was  all  that  could  be  desired.  I  woulil 
also  oiTer  a  hint  to  some  exhibitors  who  showed  re- 
markably well  grown  blooms,  but  failed  to  obtain  the 
place  their  culture  deserved,  owing  to  the  lack  of 
variety.  It  will  not  do  to  place  three  blooms  from 
one  class  in  a  stand  of  six,  nor  six  from  one  in  a  stand 
of  twelve.  The  classes  should  ail  be  represented, 
and  this  can  be  done  without  growing  a  very  large 
number  of  varieties  ;  it  is  for  that  reason  I  have 
named  three  varieties  only  in  each  of  the  six  classes 
of  Carnations  and  Picotees,  They  can  be  obtained 
at  a  cheap  rate,  and  are  the  varieties  which  are  best 
to  be  depended  upon  for  exhibition. 

It  is  a  pity  that  the  yellow  ground  Picotees  are  not 
more  grown.     Some  new  seedlings  were   exhibited, 


HARDY    SHRUBS. 

.SflR.iiA  DOUGLASII.— Amongst  deciduous  shrubs 
few  are  at  present  more  attractive  than  the  various 
species  of  Spirea,  and  amcmgst  these  as  a  v.iluable 
flowering  shrub  none  can  surpass  and  few  equal 
the  above  interesting  and  highly  ornamental  form. 
Planted  in  good  bold  masses  at  say  from  a  dozen  to 
40  or  50  yards  back  from  drives  and  walks,  this 
Spiuca  will  create  a  feeling  of  both  delight  and  sur- 
prise, as  well  byils  ornamental  appearance  as  by  its  pro- 
lusion and  continuity  of  bloom.  The  flowers,  which 
are  nearly  sessile,  and  vary  in  "colour  from  pink  to 
nearly  while,  are  arranged  in  a  dense  terminal  of 
from  6  to  q  inches  in  length.  Hailing  from  North- 
west Americ.i,  it  is  perfectly  hardy,  and  well  suited 
lor  our  climate  generally. 

Lf.YCESTERIA    I'OKMOSA 

is  a  very  distinct,  interesting,  and  ornamental  shrub, 
that  is  well  suited  for  planting  in  similar  situations  to 


Fig.  35.— flan  of  suburban  gardkn. 


lancc;    5,  Terrace 
,  Khododcndrons  ; 


6.  Gai-dcn  R.-ue  ;    7,  Sum 
13,  Grass ;    13.  14,  Seals. 


/ 

first  in  the  class.  F.stelle  is  second,  and  Ethel 
third. 

I  have  selected  the  above,  after  long  and  patient 
comparison,  as  the  best  Carnations  and  Picotees  now 
in  commcice. 

Amongst  New  Variktirs  there  is  not  much  room 
for  difference  of  opinion,  as  so  few  were  exhibited. 
Two  new  raisers  of  seedlings  must  be  added  to  the 
list,  viz.,  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner  and  myself.  I  have 
some  rose  (lake  Carnations  from  Mr.  Horner,  one  of 
which,  just  flowered,  promises  well.  He  also  raised 
the  very  beautiful  red-edged  Picotee,  Ur.  Horner, 
exhibited  by  nie,  and  which  was  awarded  1st  prize 
in  its  class  and  a  F'irst-class  Certificate.  Out  of  some 
750  seedlings  I  have  been  able  to  select  three  or  four 
that  will  probably  hold  a  high  position.  Three  ol 
them  received  1st  prizes  and  First-class  Certificates 
from  the  N.Uional  S.iciety,  viz.,  R  isamond  .crimson 
bizarre,  a  well-formed  flower,  wiih  bioad  and  regular 
flakes  of  rich  red  and  purple;  Grace,  pink  and 
purple  bizarre,  also  a  well-formed  flower  of  a  paler 
tint  ;  Margaret,  rose  flake  — it  resembles  Sybil  in  the 
broad  regular  marking,  but  the  rose  colour  is  paler. 


one  at  least  of  them  is  a  great  advance  on  the  old 
varieties  ;  it  has  a  distinct  red  edge,  the  yellow 
ground  pure  and  clear,  without  spot  or  bar.  One 
bloom  only  was  exhibited,  consequently  no  award  was 
made,  except  that  it  received  a  1st  prize  in  its  class. 
J.  Doiix'^s. 


PLAN  OF  SUBURBAN  GARDEN. 

This  is  a  design  (tig.  35)  which  would  he  appropriate 
for  sm.ill  ijnrdens  in  lUe  suburbs  of  London  and  large 
towns.  Straight  walks  and  borders  have  been 
avoided,  and  specimen  trees  have  been  placed 
on  the  grass  outside  clumps,  so  as  to  produce  an  in* 
definite  appearance.  As  the  ground  is  very  sloping. 
the  banks  are  necessarily  heavy,  so  as  to  make  a  good 
level  for  tennis.  The  circular  beds  between  the  clumps 
arc  placed  so  that  they  sh:»ll  be  well  seen  from  the 
walks  and  house.  Thin  plan  has  been  desii^ned  and 
laid  out  for  Messrs.  11.  &  E.  Kelly.  Fu?jt.hn's 
Avenue.  U.inipstead,  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Chamberlain, 
landscape  g^udeiit-r.  of  192.  Haverslock  Hill, 
London,  N.W.,  aiul  Harrow.  The  figures  lo  the  plan 
will  supply  what  turiher  detaiU  may  be  neeessary. 


the  preceding  but,  unlike  that  plant,  it  is,  we  think, 
better  suited  for  growing  as  single  specimens  than  for 
clump  planting.  The  highly  interesting  and  by  no 
means  inconspicuous  flowers  are  borne  in  verticils, 
and  gradually  diminish  in  size  towards  the  tip  of 
the  raceme.  Deep  purple  berries  supported  by 
deep  purplish  bracts  succeed  the  flowers,  thus  ren- 
dering the  plant,  both  in  flower  and  fiuit,  a  desir- 
able acquisition  to  our  shrubbery  borders.  It  is 
readily  propagated  by  cuttings  or  division  of  the 
roots. 

Oeutzia  crknata 
— or  as  it  is  usually  though  incorrectly  called  scabra— is 
one  of  the  most  handsome  or  graceful  flowering  shrubs 
in  cultivation.  Planted  in  conspicuous  positions  on 
the  lawn— a  sheltered  situaiion  suits  it  best, — or 
within  easy  access  of  drives  and  walks,  this  lovely 
plant  will  at  all  times  attract  attention,  indeed  here 
the  only  fault  we  find  wjih  it  is  that  the  flowers  are 
so  enticing  to  the  passer-by  that  unless  well  guarded, 
they  are  seldom  allowed  to  remain  intact  for  any 
length   of  time.      It  grows  about   6  feet  in  height 


August  S,  1885.) 


THE     GARDEN  BRS'     CHRONICLE. 


173 


with  racemose  or  paniculate  flowers,  the  stems  being 
remarkably  slender,  which  still  further  adds  to  the 
beauty  of  the  plant  when  in  flower.  The  true 
D.  scabra  is  seldom  seen  in  cultivation. 

Tamakisk. 
For  planting  in  marilime  situations  we  find 
few  shrubs,  when  ornament  is  combined  with 
utility,  to  equal  the  various  species  of  Tamarix. 
The  light,  feathery  branchlets,  almost  resembling 
our  garden  Asparagus,  when  tipped  with  their  rosy- 
white  spikes  of  flowers,  have  a  very  graceful  and 
ornamental  appearance.  It  is  invaluable  for  seaside 
planting,  succeeding  well  on  bleak  exposed  shores 
where  comparatively  few  things  will  flourish.  Well 
grown  specimens  frequently  exceed  lo  feet  in 
height,  and  nearly  as  much  through  ;  and 
when,  as  at  present,  they  are  laden  with 
their  conspicuous  and  sweet  scented  flowers, 
have  a  particular  fascination  of  their  own.  T.  gal- 
lica,  which  is  now  naturalised  on  some  parts  of  our 
coast,  is  perhaps  the  best  species  for  general  use, 
although  T.  germanica,  a  native  of  Central  and 
Southern  Europe,  and  which  bears  red  flowers,  is 
more  floriferous, 

Desfontainea  spinosa, 
with  its  scarlet  and  yellow  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  is 
just  now  very  effective.  Perhaps,  as  a  wall  plant 
it  is  seen  to  best  advantage — at  least,  in  such  a 
position  it  succeds  best,  as,  being  a  native  of  Chili, 
it  can  only  be  classed  as  "  rather  tender."  In  most 
British  stations  it,  however,  grows  and  blooms  freely. 
The  prickly  Ilully-like  foliage  is  of  a  deep  green 
colour,  and  very  ornamental,  and  the  drooping,  tubular 
flowers,  red  outside  and  yellow  within,  are  borne  in 
profusion.  Having  a  good  habit  of  growth,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  imagine  a  more  beautiful  shrub  either 
in  or  out  of  flower. 

PeRNETTYA    Mi;CRONATA. 

This  spiny-leaved  plant  is  of  remarkably  free  growth, 
and  a  most  ornamental  subject  when  planted  in  rich 
peaty  loam.  Having  a  creeping  roolstock,  it  soon 
covers  a  considerable  surface  of  ground,  the  young 
suckers  coming  up  in  all  directions,  and  is  therefore 
invaluable  for  using  either  as  game  covert  in  the  more 
ornamental  woods,  or  for  mass  planting  inconspicuous 
situations.  The  narrow  coriaceous  leaves,  pink 
stems,  and  white  pendulous  flowers,  are  attractive 
features  of  the  plant  when  well  grown  in  deep  sandy 
peat. 

PlIILADEI.I'MUS. 

Two  or  three  varieties  of  Philadelphus,  notably  P. 
thyrsirtorus— which  is  certainly  the  finest  ol  the  whole 
group — P.  coronarius,  and  P.  grandillorus,  must  rank 
among  the  most  elective  and  beautiful  of  perfectly 
hardy  deciduous  flowering  shrubs.  North  America 
is  certainly  the  home  of  the  Mock  Orange,  and  our 
specimens  being  fe\V,  small- flowered,  and,  as  regards 
nomenclature,  in  the  most  happy  state  of  confusion, 
from  the  number  of  names  being  in  excess  of  the 
number  ol  forms.  The  common  European  species 
(P.  coronarius),  of  which  there  are  several  varieties 
in  cultivation,  is  perhaps  the  least  showy,  and  cannot 
in  point  of  beauty  compare  with  P.  ihyrsiflorus, 
which  is  certainly  the  most  distinct  and  by  far  the 
showiest  of  the  whole  trihe.  The  flowers  approach 
in  size  those  of  P.  grandiflorus,  but  are  of  a  clearer 
and  purer  white. 

Kerkia. 

Th»variegated  Kerria  is  really  a  charming  shrub 
where  it  succeeds  well  in  the  open.  Weaker  in  con- 
stitution than  its  parent,  the  old  Japanese  Kerria, 
this  handsome  plant  is  rarely  seen  in  good  form  un- 
less in  dry,  warm  soils.  During  August  it  is  in- 
variably studded  with  golden-yellow  flowers,  which 
among  the  silvery-edged  foliage  produce  an  un- 
common and  pretty  effect.  A,  D.  iVcbsler. 


American  I'iiires. — The  American  Ea^k  ?,Ays, 
that  among  other  matters  of  special  interest  con- 
nected with  the  American  Exhibition,  London,  1886, 
may  be  mentioned  that  of  American  fibres.  During 
the  past  ten  years  many  valuable  discoveries  have  been 
made  of  fibrous  plants  in  America,  suitable  for  the 
manufacture  of  paper,  rope,  twine,  &c.,  and  some  of 
the  results  have  been  of  the  greatest  value  to  tT5e 
future  commerce  and  manufactures  of  the  United 
States.  The  importance  to  all  the  world  of  this  ques- 
tion of  fibres  has  led  to  the  appointment  of  I".  Alhke 
Smith,  Esq.,  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  as  Special  Com- 
missioner for  the  collection  and  exhibition  ol  Ameri* 
can  fibres  to  the  forthcoming  American  Exhibition, 
London. 


DAVID    DOUGLAS. 

It  is  well  occasionally  to  lecall  Ihe  services  of  our 
great  botanical  colleclors.  It  is  not  agreeable  to  have 
to  write  it,  but  the  truth  remains  that  the  public  is  apt 
to  ignore  the  services  ol  some  of  their  greatest  bene- 
factors. How  many  people  know  who  introduced  the 
common  Aucuba  or  the  Pontic  Rhododendron?  After 
a  time  such  plants  as  these  become  so  familiar  that  we 
almost  look  upon  them  as  natives,  and  the  coming 
generations  do  not  trouble  themselves  to  inquire  into 
the  history  of  what  to  Ihem  are  such  common  plants. 
Already  people  begin  to  overlook  the  work  that  For- 
tune did,  rnuch  more  do  Ihcy  pass  over  the  l.ibours 
of  Douglas.  Yet  o(  all'the  men  who  have  enriched 
our  gardens  there  is  not  one  who  ranks  higher  than 
David  Douglas. 

We  owe  the  present  opportunity  of  recalling  his 
merits  to  the  courtesy  of  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  who 
placed  in  our  hands  some  time  since  the  materials 
from  which  our  illustration  has  been  taken.  The 
portrait  is  from  a  sketch  taken  about  1S27,  after  his 
return  from  his  first  memorable  journey.  Those  who 
would  know  to  the  full  who  Douglas  was  and  what 
he  did  should  consult  the  account  given  by  the  late 
Sir  William  Hooker  in  the  Companion  to  the  Bolanical 
Magazine.  lSj6,  vol.  ii.  There  will  be  found  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  plants  introduced   by  this  ardent  col- 


DAVID    DOUGLAS. 


lector,  Douglas  was  born  at  Scone,  in  1799.  In 
boyhood  he  preferred  bird-nesting  to  book  learning, 
and  was  apt  to  play  truant,  but  his  master,  Mr. 
Beattie,  gr.  to  the  Karl  of  Mansfield,  afterwards  said 
of  him  that  "he  preferred  a  dcevil  to  a  dult,"  from 
which  we  may  gather  some  indication  of  the  energy 
and  determination  which  characterised  the  future 
traveller.  Messrs.  R.  &  J.  Brown,  of  the  Perth  Nur- 
series, were  good  botanists,  and  encouraged  the  lad 
in  his  botanical  tendencies  by  lending  him  books  and 
giving  him  information.  It  was  natural  that  such  a 
lad  should  find  a  place  in  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
fortunate  thing  it  was  for  science  and  gardening  that 
Douglas  came  under  the  notice  of  the  Professor,  Dr., 
afterwards  Sir  William  Hooker,  at  Glasgow.  Here  he 
gained  the  goodwill  of  the  Professor,  helped  him  with 
his  lectures,  and  accompanied  him  on  his  excursions. 
When,  in  1S2J,  the  H.)rticultural  Society  of  London 
— it  was  not  Royal  in  those  days — determined  to  send 
out  collectors  Douglas  was  recommended  by  Hooker 
to  the  then  Secretary,  Joseph  Sabine,  and  was  sent 
to  the  United  States,  and  afterwards  to  North- West 
America  and  Calfornia. 

Now-a-days  people  go  in  Pulman  cars  and  take 
their  ease  at  their  inn  as  they  roll  along  the  railway 
track,  but  it  was  very  dilTerent  in  the  days  when 
Douglas  first  sighted  the  Fir  which  has  since  borne 
his  name.  In  spite  of  the  difficulties  Douglas 
journeyed  from  the  Pacific  to  the  source  of  the 
Columbia  River,  and  thence  to  Ihe  Atlantic.  His 
plants  were  described  in  Hooker's  flora  Boreali- 
Americana,  and  in  the  Botanical  Registtr.     The  red- 


flowering  Currant,  now  so  common,  Clarkias,  Calo- 
chortus,  Pentstemons,  Eschscholtzias,  and  hosts  of 
other  plants  were  discovered  and  introduced  by  him, 
together  with  the  Douglas  fir,  Abies  nobilis  and  A. 
amabilis,  Pinus  Limbertiana,  and  many  other  Conifers. 
He  returned  to  London,  and  for  a  time  was  made  much 
of  in  London  society,  but  eventually  he  paid  a  second 
visit  to  California,  sending  home  Mimuluses,  seeds  of 
Taxodmms,  and  Pines  such  as  ponderosa,  Sabiniana, 
till  he  writes  to  Dr.  Hooker,  "you  will  begin  to  think 
that  I  manufacture  Pines  at  my  pleasure."  Hearing  that 
his  friend  Sabine  had  resigned  the  secretaryship  of  the 
Horticultural  Society,  Douglas  resigned  as  collector 
to  the  Society,  but  continued  to  collect  nevertheless,  ' 
receiving  every  encouragement  from  his  constant 
friend.  Dr.  Hooker,  not  the  least  of  whose  good 
<iualiiies  was  the  consLant  support  he  afforded  to 
botanical  collectors.  In  1S33,  Douglas  left  California, 
and  proceeded  to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Here  was 
another  fine  field  for  his  energies,  and  he  entered  upon 
it  with  his  customary  zeal,  but  it  was  not  to  be  for 
long;  for,  in  July,  1S34,  news  of  his  death  reached 
the  missionaries  at  Hawaii,  and  the  later  research  re- 
vealed that  he  had  met  with  a  fearful  death.  Some 
pits  were  dug  on  the  mountain  side  for  the  purpose  of 
capturing  wild  cattle.  In  one  of  these  pits  the  body 
of  Douglas  was  found  under  circumstances  which  led 
10  the  inference  that  he  had  fallen  into  the  pit  and 
been  gored  by  the  animal  which  was  found  in  it.  Thus 
miserably  ended  the  career  of  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
successful  of  that  army  of  martyrs— botanical  col- 
lectors. 


THE    FLORA    OF    ICELAND. 

A  PAMi'HLET,  written  by  Gibniand,  the  well-known 
author  of  the  Icelandic  Flora,  in  his  native  tongue, 
deserves  the  attention  of  all  students  of  comparative 
botany.  The  title,  Karakteristic  cif  PlanUv.rtcn  paa 
hlaiiJ,  Sammenli.jtcct  mcJ  /■loracii  i  fieri  andre 
Lande,  "  The  characteristics  of  the  Icelandic  flora 
compared  with  that  of  several  other  countries,"  sufTi- 
ciently  explains  its  general  character.  The  countries, 
however,  in  which  the  comparison  is  carried  out  most 
fully  are  the  kingdoms  of  Denmark,  and  its  depen- 
dencies Greenland  and  the  Faro  Isles,  and  Sweden 
and  Norway,  which  for  this  purpose  are  considered  as 
one  country.  It  would  have  increased  the  interest  of 
the  work  lor  English  readers  if  Great  Britain,  or  at 
least  Scotland,  had  been  included  also. 

Among  other  results  of  this  comparison  it  is  shown 
that  the  flora. of  Iceland  corresponds  very  nearly  with 
that  of  the  higher  regions  of  Norway,  while  there  are 
found  locally  a  certain  number  ol  plants  which  in 
Norway  are  met  with  almost  exclusively  in  the  deep 
valleys  or  in  the  warmer  regions  of  the  coast  and 
islands.  This  circumstance  is  due  in  some  slight 
degree  to  the  influence  of  the  hot  springs,  but  far 
more  frequently  to  the  sheltered  situations  afforded 
by  those  drifts  which  frequently  occur  in  the 
lava  fields.  Among  plants  ol  this  kind  we  may 
mention  the  Rubus  saxatilis,  Viola  canina,  Pyrola 
minor,  Listera  cordata,  Paris  quadrifolia,  Poa  nemo, 
rails,  Lasttwa  spinulosa,  Aspidium  lonchitis,  Polypo- 
dium  dryopteris  and  Polypodium  phegopteris,  all  of 
which  occur,  some  of  them  chiefly  in  high  situations, 
in  various  parts  ol  Great  Britain.  Of  the  340  flower- 
ing plants  and  twenty-five  Ferns  and  Lycopodiums 
which  occur  in  Iceland  only  five  species  and  six 
varieties  are  not  known  to  occur  in  Sweden  and 
Norway.  The  former  are  Chamserium  (F.pilo- 
bium)  latifolium,  Pleurogyne  rotata,  Platanthera 
hyperborea,  Carex  anguillata,  Carex  capillipes. 
t>f  these  five  two  only — Platanthera  hyperborea  and 
Carex  anguillata— are  otherwise  confined  to  America, 
and  one  only— C.  capillipes— is  found  only  in  Iceland. 
This  is  also  the  cise  with  three  of  the  varieties  above 
referred  to.  On  the  other  hand,  only  something  over 
half  of  the  species  found  in  Iceland  occur,  as  far  as  is 
known,  in  Greenland,  and  these  are  almost  confined 
to  such  as  are  common  to  almost  all  arctic  situations, 
including  not  only  Siberia,  Spitzbergen,  but  also  the 
higher  ranges  of  mountains  throughout  Europe.  All 
this  tends  to  prove  an  original  continuity  of  continent 
between  Iceland  and  Norway  ;  but  its  further  con- 
tinuance to  Greenland  can  hardly  be  considered 
established.  This  view  has,  however,  been  main- 
tained by  Axel  Blytt,  the  well  known  Norwegian 
botanist,  in  his  essay  on  the  "Transmigration  of 
Plants." 

The  rest  of  the  pamphlet  deals  very  ably  with  the 
question  of  the  influences  of  the  physical  and  geolo- 
gical conditions  of  Iceland  upon  the  flora.  The 
conclusions  of  the  writer   have  been  obtained   by  t, 


174 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  S,  1885. 


very  careful  comparison  of  Ihe  species  found  in 
different  parts  of  the  island.  The  conditions  which 
are  most  calculated  to  affect  the  flora  are — I,  The 
high  latitude  of  the  island  ;  2,  the  volcanic  character 
of  its  geological  formation  ;  3,  the  warm  and  cold 
currents  which  touch  the  south-west  and  northeast 
corners  of  .the  island  respectively  ;  4,  the  frequent 
occurrence  of  hot  springs. 

1.  As  a  consequence  of  the  first,  we  find  Ihe  snow- 
line averaging  only  3000  feet  in  the  southern,  and 
about  2500  feet  in  the  northern  half  of  the  island. 
This  accounts  of  course  for  the  general  arctic  or 
subarctic  character  of  the  flora. 

2.  The  volcanic  character  of  the  island  affects  the 
flora  indirectly  in  many  ways.  The  presence  of  large 
wastes  of  volcanic  sand,  constantly  shifting  with  the 
wind,  which  prevail  for  many  miles  in  extent  over 
the  central  tableland,  make  veget.ttion  impossible  in 
those  districts.  Travellers  between  the  north  and 
the  south  have  to  rest  lor  something  like  sixteen 
hours  without  being  able  to  obtain  fodder  or  water 
for  their  horses.  Again,  the  lava  streams,  which  occur 
pretty  constantly  in  different  parts  of  the  island,  espe- 
cially in  the  more  northerly  and  southerly  districts, 
only  very  slowly  become  sufficiently  disintegrated 
to  admit  of  any  considerable  vegetation.  The  extent 
of  the  flora  upon  these  lava  streams  or  fields  depends 
chiefly  upon  their  age.  The  subject  is  one  which 
perhaps  can  never  be  determined  with  perfect  exact- 
ness :  but  a  good  deal  of  knowledge  has  been  gained 
by  a  careful  investigation  of  those  lava  fields  whose 
date  can  be  ascertained  by  historical  records.  Thus 
upon  certain  lava  fields  near  Mijvatn,  which  were 
known  to  have  existed  bet  ween  the  years  1 724—29,  the 
flora  is  still  very  scanty.  On  the  other  hand,  upon  the 
lava  field  at  Thing-bcllir,  which  was  in  existence  at 
the  first  settling  of  Iceland  in  the  ninth  century,  there 
is  a  fairly  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  and  flowers. 

Much  depends  upon  the  character  of  the  lava  fields. 
When  the  surface  is  rough  Ihe  depression  becomes 
filled  with  soil  and  moisture,  and  the  growth  of  vege- 
tation becomes  more  rapid.  Again,  as  above  men- 
tioned, the  rifts  which  frequently  occur  are  chiefly  in 
the  older  lava  fields,  and  becoming  filled  with  water  or 
forming  watercourses  admit  of  often  a  very  luxuriant 
vegetation.  Again  the  fertililyof  a  district  may  be  at 
any  time  completely  destroyed  by  afresh  eruption.  The 
volcanic  sand,  when  it  falls  into  moist  places,  is 
specially  favourable  for  the  growth  of  some  species  of 
plants. 

3,  The  ocean  currents  do  not  seem  to  affect  the 
flora  as  much  as  it  might  be  supposed  they  would. 
The  general  difference  in  the  number  of  species  found 
in  the  northern  and  southern  halves  of  the  island  is 
quite  inconsiderable,  the  chief  difference  being 
rather  in  the  frequency  with  which  certain  species 
are  met  with.  Thus  some  plants  which  are  pretty 
frequent  in  the  south  occur  only  locally  in  specially 
favourable  situations  in  the  north. 

4.  The  influence  of  the  hot  springs  is  also  not  so 
great  as  might  be  supposed.  In  some  few  places  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  springs  is  marked  by  a  largely 
varied  flora  ;  but  more  frequently  the  difference  is 
marked  rather  by  the  greater  luxuriance  of  the  species 
which  occur.  I  remember  observing  myself,  at  the 
so-called  Blass  Well,  the  magnificent  size  of  the  fronds 
of  the  Cystopteris  fragilis,  which  grew  over  the 
steaming  waters.  Again,  the  influence  of  the  hot 
water  is  ofien  more  than  counteracted  by  the  sulphur 
which  it  contains.  Thus,  round  the  well  known 
geysers  very  few  plants  occur  except  Plantago  major 
and  Stellaria  media,  and  other  coarse  weeds  of  the 
kind,  and  the  same  is  the  case  with  the  sulphur 
springs  near  Krisuvik,  in  the  south-west. 

The  writer  makes  some  interesting  observations  on 
the  general  character  of  specimens  met  with  in  the 
island.  As  a  rule,  the  growth  is  stunted,  and  yet 
exceptions  to  this  rule  are  by  no  means  uncommon, 
especially  when  plants  are  found  in  sheltered  situa- 
tions. Thus,  the  blossoms  of  the  Geranium  sylvati- 
cum,  Arabis  petrsa,  Rhodiola  rosea,  Bartonia  alpina, 
Veronica  saxatilis,  are  frequently  quite  as  large  as  in 
other  countries  where  they  grow  ;  and  those  of  the 
ChamKnetium  (Epilobium)  latifolium,  a  plant  little 
known  to  European  botanists,  are  singularly  large 
and  beautiful ;  indeed,  Ihcy  far  exceed  those  of  the 
larger  species  of  Epilobium  with  which  Swiss  bota- 
nists are  familiar.  Sometimes,  too,  plants  attain  a 
very  considerable  height.  Thus,  specimens  of 
Angelica  atchangelica  have  been  found  growing  to 
the  height  of  6  to  8  feet.  Again,  very  many  plants 
which  do  not  attain  any  considerable  height,  make  up 


for  this  deficiency  by  the  luxuriant  tufis  which  they 
form.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  Dryas 
octopetala,  Salix  herbacea,  Sibbaldia  (rotentilla) 
procumbens,  Alchemilla  alpina,  which  sometimes 
cover  patches  of  many  feet  square. 

Perhaps  I  may  be  pardoned  if  I  add  a  few  remarks 
of  my  own,  which  are  the  result  of  the  impressions 
made  upon  me  by  the  flora  of  the  country  during  a 
visit  I  paid  to  the  island  some  years  ago,  and  which 
this  pamphlet  has  brought  back  vividly  to  my  mind. 
The  botanist  who  visits  Iceland,  expecting  to  find  a 
rich  flora  either  in  point  of  the  number  of  hitherto  un- 
known species,  or  of  beautiful  flowers — supposing,  of 
course,  that  he  is  already  fairly  acquainted  with  the 
flora  of  such  mountains  as  the  Alps  or  the  Pyrenees — 
will  probably  be  disappointed.  He  will  here  find 
certainly  a  large  number  of  the  plants  which  are  to 
be  met  with  on  almost  every  Swiss  mountain  above  a 
certain  altitude  ;  but  he  will  miss  many  of  those 
larger  and  more  beautiful  plants,  such  as  the  so- 
called  alpine  Rose  or  the  Edelweiss,  which  add  so 
much  enjoyment  to  a  tour  in  the  Alps.  At  the  same 
time  he  will  find  some  new  species,  which  in  point  of 
interest  or  beauty  he  will  feel,  it  he  is  a  genuine  lover 
of  flowers,  will  make  up  for  the  discomfort  which  a 
tour  in  Iceland  more  or  less  necessitates. 

Two  of  these  I  will  specially  mention.  One  is  the 
Pleurogyne  rotata.  It  belongs  to  the  Gentian  family, 
and  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  Swertia  perennis,  a 
plant  which  is  not  uncommon  in  some  parts  of  Switz- 
erlnnd.  It,  however,  differs  from  it  in  the  one  essen- 
tial characteristic  from  which  it  derives  its  name. 
It  has  no  styles,  and  the  stigmas  are  decussate  on  the 
sides  of  the  ovary,  which  is,  as  is  Swertia,  coloured 
blue,  like  the  rest  of  the  flower.  This  plant  is  rather 
local,  but  grows,  I  believe,  in  several  parts  of  the 
island.  I  found  it  only  at  Akreyri,  the  chief  seaport 
on  the  north.  The  other,  called  by  Gr(^uland 
Chamsenerium  latifolium,  but  given  in  an  old  Icelandic 
Flora  as  Epilobium  latifolium,  is  by  far  the  most  beau- 
tiful flower  I  found  in  the  island.  It  grows  upon  the 
gravel  islands  and  banks  of  the  large  southern  rivers 
much  the  same  kind  of  way  that  the  Epilobium 
Fleischeri  grows  on  the  glacier  streams  of  Switzerland. 
The  Icelanders  themselves  call  it  the  Eyraros,  or 
Gravel  Rose,  and  do  well  to  be  proud  of  it.   Oxen. 


JhE      pF^OPAQATOR. 

THE    PROP.AG.VTION    AND    CULTURE    OF 

DRAC^NAS. 

IXoiiUmicd  fnm  p.  737,  vol.  xxiii.) 

It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  greenhouse  varieties 
must  be  propagated  in  a  warm  house  ;  it  could  of 
course  be  done  in  a  cold  greenhouse,  but  it  would  be 
such  a  slow  process  that  it  would  not  pay  for  the 
trouble,  nor  produce  such  good  results. 

When  the  plants  have  been  brought  together  in  a 
warm  house  for  propagation  the  first  thing  to  be 
done  is  to  examine  them,  and  if  any  red-spider  is 
detected  they  must  all  be  spotjged  with  a  mixture  of 
weak-tobacco  water  and-soft  soap  ;  but  should  they 
be  infested  with  thrips  or  green-fly,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  lightly  smoke  the  house  three  nights  in  succession. 
If  after  this  has  been  done  the  weather  is  dull,  no 
air  need  be  given,  but  if  the  sun  shines  the  house 
must  be  carefully  ventilated.  The  floor  of  the  house 
should  be  kept  well  watered.  It  will  be  found  that  if  the 
house  is  lightly  smoked  for  three  nights  in  succession, 
it  will  do  a  great  deal  more  good  than  one  night 
of  heavy  smoking.  The  plants  should  not  be  syringed 
until  after  they  have  been  smoked. 

The  plan. i  should  not  be  cut  down  for  about  ten 
days  after  they  have  been  brought  into  the  warm 
house,  and  during  that  time  they  should  be  well 
watered  and  syringed  twice  daily,  except  of  course 
during  the  smoking  time,  giving  them  but  little  air, 
and  shading  them  from  the  strong  rays  of  the  sun. 

D.    INTERMEDIA. 

This  garden  variety  is  one  of  the  best  in  cultivation 
for  dwelling-house  decoration.  It  keeps  green  for  a 
great  length  of  time,  and  always  looks  well.  When 
used  in  the  dwelling-house  it  should,  of  course,  be 
watered  as  it  becomes  dry,  but  it  should  also  fre- 
quently be  taken  into  the  garden  to  be  syringed,  50  as 
to  cleanse  it  from  any  impurities  it  may  have.  After 
this  has  been  done  the  plant  should  be  held  with  the 
head  towards  the  ground  for  a  few  minutes,  so  that 
the  water  which  had  accumulated  in  the  axils  of  the 
leaves  may  readily  run  off.     The  plant  should  not  be 


taken  into  the  house  until  the  foliage  has  become  dry. 
If  this  simple  plan  was  adopted  with  plants  generally 
used  in  the  dwelling-house,  they  would  not  require 
changing  so  frequently,  and  would  thus  be  a  great 
saving  of  expense  to  the  owner.  It  comes  between 
D.  congesta  and  D,  rubra. 

I.  From  Seed. — This  variety  may  be  propagated 
from  seed.  When  the  plants  are  coming  into' 
flower  they  should  be  moved  to  a  part  of  the 
house  beyond  the  reach  of  the  syringe,  and  as  the 
flowers  open  they  should  be  fertilised  day  by  day 
until  Ihe  flowers  drop  off.  When  as  many  flowers  have 
been_fertilised  as  it  is  thought  the  spike  will  be  able 
to  bear,  the  remaining  unfertilised  flowers  should  be 
picked  off.  They  must  now  be  well  supplied  with 
water.  As  soon  as  the  seed  is  ripe  it  should  be  taken 
out  of  the  pod  and  sown.  For  this  purpose  it  will 
be  necessary  to  prepare  a  well-drained  pan,  filling  it 
to  within  a  quarter  of  an  inch  from  the  top  with  soil, 
which  should  be  firmly  pressed  in  with  the  bottom  of 
another  pot  and  made  level.  The  seeds  should  be 
thinly  sown  on  the  surface  and  covered  with  soil 
level  with  the  rim  of  the  pan.  After  well  watering 
them  with  a  fine-rose  pot,  place  them  in  a  cutting- 
case  upon  a  gentle  bottom-heat.  Here  they  should 
be  watered  as  they  become  dry,  shaded  from  the 
sun's  rays,  and  ventilated  for  an  hour  night  and  morn- 
ing. When  the  seedlings  have  grown  to  the  height  of 
li  inch  the  pans  should  be  placed  outside  the  cutiing 
frame  for  a  few  days,  to  strengthen  them.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  they  should  be  potted  each  into  a 
small  long  thumb-pot,  and  alter  watering  them  replace 
upon  the  gentle  bottom-heat.  They  must  now  be 
sprinkled  with  a  fine-rose  pot  two  or  three  times  a 
day.  They  must  also  be  shaded  from  the  sun,  but 
they  should  receive  but  little  air  until  they  get  strong, 
then  the  quantity  should  be  gradually  increased.  As 
soon  as  they  have  rooted  through  the  soil  they  should  be 
potted  into  large  6o's,  and  a  small  stick  should  be  placed 
to  each  one  and  lied  in  two  places  loosely.  After 
watering  them  replace  upon  the  gentle  bottom-heat  j 
they  must  now  be  kept  well  syringed,  shaded  from  the 
sun  and  should  be  allowed  a  good  supply  of  air.  When 
the  plants  are  strong  enough  they  can  be  potted  in 
large  4S's  and  taken  to  a  warm  house  and  placfd  upon 
the  cold  ash  bottom  of  a  front  platform.  When  the 
plants  are  established  and  well  developed  they  can  be 
removed  to  a  greenhouse  or  wherever  they  may  be 
required. 

2.  FrcDi!  Oi/Z/hp.— The  plant  must  be  cut  down  to 
2  inches  below  the  last  leaf  and  cut  up  into  pieces 
ll  inch  long  ;  each  piece  should  be  divided  down  ihe 
centre  into  two  pieces,  leaving  as  far  as  possible  an 
equal  number  of  leaves  on  each  piece.  The  top 
cutting,  however,  should  have  2  inches  of  the  main 
stem  attached.  After  preparing  the  bottom  of  the 
cuttings  with  a  sharp  knife,  they  can  be  potted  into 
long  thumb-pots.  The  soil  must  be  firmly  pressed 
into  the  pot,  and  a  small  stick  must  be  placed  to  each 
plant,  the  leaves  being  tied  up  loosely  in  an  erect 
form.  The  cuttings  must  now  be  watered  with  a  fine 
rose  pot  and  placed  in  the  cutting-frame  upon  a  gentle 
bottom-head.  While  in  the  case  the  cuttings  must 
not  be  watered  overhead  but  with  a  spout-pot.  This 
should  be  done  while  they  are  standing  outside  the 
frame  for  air,  for  an  hour  night  and  morning.  They 
must  be  shaded  from  the  sun.  When  they  have  be- 
come well  rooted  in  the  thumb-pots  they  should  be 
placed  outside  the  f^ame  for  a  few  days  and  then 
potted  into  large  6o's,  to  be  returned  to  the  case  after 
they  have  been  watered.  As  soon  as  the  plants  have 
gained  strength  enough  they  should  be  moved  to  a 
cold  bottom  and  potted  into  larger  pots  as  it  becomes 
necessary.  When  the  plants  are  well  developed  they 
can  be  taken  into  the  greenhouse  or  conservatory. 

3.  From  Root  Cii/iin^s.— The  old  plants  which 
have  been  cut  down  for  Ihe  cuttings  should  now  be 
taken  and  the  soil  shaken  from  the  roots.  The  long 
centre  fleshy  tap-roots  should  be  taken  off  and  cut  up 
into  pieces  an  inch  long,  and  some  of  the  very  strong 
pieces  can  be  divided  down  the  centre  into  two  pieces. 
A  well-drained  deep  pan  or  32-pot  should  be  hall 
filled  with  soil,  which  should  be  firmly  pressed  down  ; 
the  pieces  of  root  can  be  placed  on  the  levelled  sur- 
face upon  their  sides,  but  not  so  near  each  other  as  to 
t(3\ich.  They  should  now  be  well  sprinkled  with 
river-sand,  and  the  pots  may  be  filled  up  with  soil. 
They  must  be  placed  in  a  frame  upon  a  gentle  bot- 
tom-heat, and  for  a  week  they  must  not  be  watered, 
but  at  the  end  of  that  time  they  should  be  watered  as 
they  become  dry.  The  case  should  also  be  ventilated 
for  an  hour  night  and  morning.     When   the  young 


August  S,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


>75 


planls  the  roots  send  up  have  grown  about  6  inches 
high  they  should  be  taken  off  as  cuttings,  and  potted 
into  long  thumb-pots,  and  placed  in  the  frame  to 
receive  the  same  treatment  as  those  referred  to  above. 
If  the  pans  containing  the  old  roo'.s  are  placed  back 
in  the  cutting-frame  they  will  bear  several  further  lots 
of  cuttings  ;  should,  however,  only  a  few  plants  be 
required,  the  old  roots  and  their  shoots  can  be  potted 
up  together,  instead  of  being  separated  for  cuttings, 
and  thus  forming  strong  plants  at  once. 

The  following  varieties  can  be  propagated  in  a 
similar  way,  viz.,  D.  congesta,  D.  rubra,  I),  lineata, 
D.  Veitchii,  D.  australis,  and  all  other  varieties  of 
the  same  sections. 

D.  Draco. 
The  seed  of  this  plant  should  not  be  watered  for  a 
few  days  after  it  has  been  sown,  but  at  the  end  of 
that  time  they  should  be  watered  and  placed  upon 
the  open  bottom-heat  to  be  watered  as  they  become 
dry.  As  soon  as  the  seedlings  have  grown  2  inches 
in  height  they  should  be  potted  off  into  long  thumb- 
pots,  and  placed  upon  a  gentle  open  bottom-heat. 
When  they  are  strong  enough  they  can  be  potted  into 
6o's  and  placed  upon  a  cold  ash  bottom  at  a  cool  end 
of  the  house.  They  can  be  further  potted  on  as  they 
increase  in  size  and  strength.  To  propagate  this 
plant  by  cuttings  the  top  growths  must  be  cut  out 
with  about  an  inch  of  the  old  stem.  After  being 
firmly  potted  up  and  watered,  they  should  be  placed 
in  a  cutting  frame  ;  the  case  should  be  ventilated  for 
an  hour  night  and  morning  and  shaded  from  the  sun, 
and  the  plants  should  be  watered  with  a  spout-pot  as 
they  become  dry. 

When  any  of  the  cuttings  have  rooted  they  should 
be  placed  upon  the  open  bottom-heat,  and  after  a 
few  days  they  can  be  potted  into  pots  of  suitable  size, 
and  placed  upon  a  cold  bottom  in  a  warm  house. 
They  can  be  further  potted  on  as  required,  and 
when  they  have  become  well  established  they  can  be 
removed  to  the  greenhouse.  The  same  mode  of 
treatment  can  be  applied  to  the  following  varieties  : 
— D.  Rumphii,  D.  spectabilis,  and  D.  spectabilis 
variegata,  excepting  the  last-named  variety,  which 
does  not  come  true  from  seed. 

The  soil  for  the  seeds  and  cutting  should  be  com- 
posed of  half  peat,  quarter  loam,  and  quarter  sand. 
The  soil  should  be  damped  with  a  fine  rose-pot  as  it 
is  being  mixed  together.  It  should  also  be  silted  and 
rubbed  through  a  quarter  inch  sieve  before  it  is  used. 
For  the  old  plants  and  rooted  cuttings  the  following 
soil  is  the  best,  viz.,  one-half  good  turfy  loam,  the 
remaining  half  being  made  up  with  peat,  leaf-mould, 
and  river  sand.   T.  0. 


strike  freely  in  pots  or  boxes— if  put  into  light 
sandy  soil,  and  the  boxes  or  pots  plared  fully 
exposed  to  the  sun— or  they  will  strike  freely  if  the 
cuttings  are  put  in  very  light  soil  in  the  open  borders, 
They  do  best  if  sprinkled  every  morning  with  clean 
water,  if  the  days  are  hot  and  dry,  but  I  find  it  much 
more  convenient  to  have  them  struck  in  boxes,  or 
pots,  or  pans,  as  they  can  be  removed  without  fresh 
potting  them  till  afier  Christmas,  when  we  have 
more  time  and  more  room  lor  them  than  at  present  ; 
also  provide  a  moderate  hotbed  for  striking  such 
subjects  as  require  it.  There  will  be  no  difticuUy  in 
obtaining  the  desired  quantity  of  cuttings  if  care  is 
taken  to  thin  out  the  same  without  injuring  the  beds. 
Most  kinds,  of  ^cculents  that  are  used  for  bedding 
are  also  best  propagated  at  this  season.  OfiVets 
of  Echeveria  secunda  giauca,  E.  metallica,  and 
E.  glauca  metallica,  are  best  raised  from  seeds  sown 
now  in  gentle  heat,  or  offsets  will  root  freely  if 
planted  firmly  in  light  soil  in  single  small  pots,  and 
exposed  to  the  full  sun. 

As  soon  as  we  get  rain  no  time  should  be  lost 
before  planting  out  seedlings  of  Wallflowers,  Sweet 
Williams,  Pentstemons,  Antirrhinums,  Brompton 
Stocks,  rinks,  Carnations,  &c.,  and  divide  Tansies, 
Primroses,  Polyanthus,  and  Daisies,  well  watering 
and  mulching  them,  for  the  hot,  parching  weather  that 
prevailed  during  the  last  two  months  has  been  a  mo-t 
trying  time  for  most  plants,  and  more  so  where 
a  thorough  system  of  mulching  and  watering  has  not 
been  carried  out.  Lawns  and  walks  are  now  in  a 
very  bad  state  for  want  of  rain.  We  have  not  had 
any  rain  here  since  the  4th  of  June,  and  the  grass  is 
completely  burnt  up  ;  and  the  walk  gravel  is  in  a 
very  loose  and  dusty  state  ;  nothing  can  improve  the 
grass  or  walk  but  a  copious  supply  of  water,  which  I 
am  sorry  to  say  we  cannot  afford  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  \Vm.  Smythe,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park, 
Alton,  Hiints. 


The  flower  garden  is  now  in  full  beauty,  and  no 
pains  should  be  spared  to  keep  it  so  for  the  longest 
time  possible.  Never  allow  the  beds  or  borders  to 
get  into  a  bad  state  for  want  of  attention — such  as  a 
good  supply  of  water.  Attend  to  all  weeding  and  the 
removal  of  decayed  flowers  and  foliage,  regulating  the 
growth  of  the  plants  by  pegging  and  pinching,  for 
once  they  are  allowed  to  get  into  a  bad  state  it  is  most 
difficult  to  get  them  into  a  perfect  state  again.  I 
never  saw  the  flower  beds  looking  better  than  they 
do  at  present  :  the  carpet  bedding  is  perfection, 
all  the  foliage  plants  are  magnificent  ;  I  never  saw 
the  colours  more  brilliant  than  they  are  this  sea- 
son, the  heat  of  July  has  brought  colours  out  to  the 
highest  perfection.  I  Begonia  boliviensis  I  beg  to 
specially  mention  as  one  of  the  most  beautiful  plants 
for  groups :  of  brilliant  scarlet  colour,  compact 
habit,  and  good  free  grower,  and  most  abundant 
blossoms,  I  think  no  garden  should  be  without  this 
beautiful  plant.  And  I  can  also  recommend  Begonias 
for  bedding  ;  so  many  beautiful  hybrids,  either  mixed 
or  kept  in  groups,  make  a  grand  show,  and  last  till 
very  late  in  the  season,  till  frost  kills  them. 

The  Begonia  should  be  a  great  favourite  as  a 
garden  plant,  as  they  are  easily  managed  and  easily 
propagated  either  by  seeds  or  cuttings,  and  their 
bulbs  can  be  kept  in  any  shed  through  the  winter  if 
kept  moderately  dry,  and  covered  with  sand,  to  keep 
rost  from  them. 

Propagation. 

As  the  time  for  propagation  will  shortly  have 
to  begin,  especially  Pelargonium  cuttings,  they  will 


IJIanta  and  tl|eiii  |;iltur^t 


BULBS    FOR    EARLY    FORCING. 

The  white  Roman  Hyacinths  are  among  the  most 
prominent  of  these,  and  the  season  has  again  arrived 
when  they  can  be  obtained.  The  sooner,  therefore, 
that  the  desired  quantity  is  ordered  the  better,  as  a 
rule,  will  it  be  for  the  purchaser  ;  the  first  oppor- 
tunity should  be  taken  advantage  of  to  pot-up  at 
least  a  portion  of  these.  For  our  own  part  we  prefer 
to  pot  them  all  at  once,  it  being  a  very  easy  matter 
to  retard  some  if  advancing  too  rapidly.  Three  bulbs 
in  a  4Ssized  pot  will  make  a  very  good  display  for 
decorative  purposes,  and  be  far  better  than  placing 
the  bulbs  thickly  in  a  pan  or  box,  and  then  transferring 
them  to  pots  as  they  advance  into  bloom.  This  latter 
system  is,  we  are  well  aware,  largely  adopted  now  ; 
it  h.as  not,  however,  anything  in  it  to  recommend 
itself,  but  should  rather  be  discouraged  when  the 
practical  side  of  the  question  is  looked  at.  When 
the  bulbs  are  in  flower  we  want  them  to  last  as  long 
as  possible  in  a  fresh  state  ;  and  disturbing  the  roots, 
and  thus  causing  the  loss  of  many  of  them  at  that 
important  period,  is  not  the  way  to  obtain  satisfactory 
results.  If  the  bulbs  are  only  wanted  to  supply  cut 
blooms  then  we  have  nothing  to  say  against  the 
system  ;  pans,  boxes,  or  any  other  receptacle  will 
then  answer  the  purpose,  and  be  a  saving  of  labour. 

Good  mellow  loam,  with  well  decomposed  manure, 
should  be  chosen,  and  some  sharp  sand  or  road- 
scrapings  added  ;  this  will  give  a  soil  wherein  they 
will  thrive  well.  Rich  soil  is  desirable  for  these 
and  other  bulbs  that  have  to  make  a  rapid  root  growth 
and  develope  their  flowers  in  such  a  short  space  of 
time.  After  potting  we  still  recommend  the  same 
practice  as  we  have  previously  advised  in  other  years, 
and  this  we  will  condense  in  a  few  words  now. 
Choose  a  frame  or  cold  pit  with  a  sunny  aspect,  place 
the  pots  therein,  and  near  the  glass,  then  give  a 
thorough  watering,  and  cover  with  a  lajer  of  cocoa- 
nut  fibre  of  about  an  inch  in  thickness,  allowing  the 
same  material  to  settle  among  the  pots  as  this  opera- 
tion is  being  performed.  Damp  the  fibre  as  it 
becomes  dry,  and  leave  the  lights  off  till  the  colder 
nights  set  in.  If  no  space  under  glass  is  available, 
stand  the  stock  close  together  in  the  open,  and  then 
later  on  a  mov.able  frame  will  perhaps  be  at  command 
wherewith  to  cover   them.      If  extra  early    flower  is 


desired,  then  close  the  frame  or  pit  early  in  the  after- 
noon, after  the  bulbs  have  been  potted  a  few  weeks. 

Early  Roman  and  Paper-White  Narcissus,  and  the 
Due  V'an  Thol  Tulips  may  be  treated  in  like  manner 
as  just  recommended  for  the  Hyacinths.  Of  the  latter, 
also,  some  of  the  most  early  flowering  kinds  of  the 
Dutch  section  should  be  secured  early  ;  of  whites, 
Grande  Vedette  and  Madame  Vander  Hoop  are 
two  of  ihe  best  ;  of  pink  or  red  kinds  choose  L'Ami 
du  Cteurand  Homerus  ;  and  o(  blues,  Grande  Vedette 
and  Argus  ;  these  kinds  will  be  found  to  answer  their 
purpose  well,  but  bear  in  mind  that  when  early  flower- 
ing is  expected  a  correspondingly  early  potting  must 
be  practised  to  obtain  the  best  results.  Failures  at  . 
the  blooming  time  ate  not  so  much  Ihe  fault  o(  the 
firms  who  grow  and  who  supply  the  bulbs  as  we  are 
at  times  disposed  to  attribute  to  them. 

Other  Bules. 
Of  these  the  Belladonna  and  Guernsey  Lilies  should 
be  chosen  as  soon  as  the  first  importations  arrive  ; 
delays  are  dangerous  with  these  subjects,  the  flower- 
spikes  often  being  on  the  move  ere  the  bulbs  can  be 
potted  up  ;  in  such  cases  do  not  fully  expose  them  to 
Ihe  light  at  once,  but  give  the  roots  a  little  opportunity 
of  making  headway  in  the  first  instance,  nor  is  it 
advisable  to  attempt  to  hasten  them  at  any  time. 
More  failures  occur,  we  think,  fr»m  these  omissions 
than  from  any  other  cause. 

Drac.enas. 
The  reason  previously  given  for  now  propagating 
Crotons  also  applies  to  this  genus  where  struck  from 
the  tops,  either  by  gradually  severing  them  from  the 
parent  stock,  or  by  taking  them  off  straight  away  into 
small  pots  ;  and  as  soon  as  this  work  is  performed,  if 
any  extra  quantity  be  needed,  it  will  be  well  to  look 
after  the  stem  and  tap-root  for  this  purpose.  Before 
any  Draccenas  are  stood  closely  together  whilst  under 
the  process  of  propagation,  look  sharply  after  any  of 
the  Ihrips  that  are  peculiar  to  the  plants,  as  these  if 
present  will  quickly  work  much  injury  to  the  leaves, 
which  no  after-cultivation  whatever  can  efface. 

ACAI.YI'IIAS. 

These  are  handsome  plants  in  a  small  slate  when 
of  characteristic  growth  ;  their  diversified  markings 
and  bright  colours  cause  them  to  light  up  well  at 
night.  Where  any  extra  amount  of  autumn  and 
winter  decoration  is  anticipated,  some  dwarf  plants 
should  be  secured  without  delay  ;  they  are  distinct 
from  anything  else,  and  easily  grown,  but  require  a 
light  place. 

Ananassa  sativa  variegata  (the  Variegated 
Pine-apple). 
At  this  season  of  the  year  large  plants  of  this  form 
will  probably  be  fruiting  ;  fortunately,  this  variety 
with  some  cultivators  has  a  disposition  to  emit  several 
crowns  of  smaller  size,  rather  than  one  large  one, 
from  the  to  of  the  fruit.  These  should  be  looked 
after,  and  propagated  singly  in  small  pots ;  the 
character  of  the  growth  from  crowns  is  far  more 
elegant  than  from  suckers,  and  capital  plants  can  be 
secured  in  5-inch  pots.  If  no  better  place  is  at  hand, 
they  can  be  suspended  from  the  roof  of  the  stove,  but 
as  near  the  glass  as  possible  ;  they  will  thrive  well  in 
this  position,  and  the  foliage  is  not  so  liable  to  be 
injured.  James  Hudson,  Gunnersbury  House  Gardens. 


The  Jerusalem  Articiioice.— The  Sunflower 
Artichoke  is  being  extensively  cultivated  in  Belgium, 
as  by  a  new  process  of  distillation  some  S  per  cent. 
of  alcohol  can  be  obtained  from  its  tubers.  More 
than  3500  acres  of  poor,  almost  waste  land,  around 
Antwerp  will  this  year  be  cropped  with  the 
plant.  The  residue  after  distillation  is  nutritious. 
France  is  thus  also  in  the  way  of  cultivating  large 
stretches  of  her  poor,  thin,  chalky,  and  schistose  soils 
with  this  new  crop.  The  cultivation  of  Jerusalem 
Artichoke  is  very  much  the  same  as  that  for  Polatos. 
February  or  March  is  the  time  to  plant  ;  the  earlier, 
the  better  will  be  the  yield.  Indeed,  if  the  soil  be 
sufliciently  friable,  the  planting  may  be  made  even  in 
winter.  Owing  to  the  quantity  of  its  foliage  the 
Jerusalem  Artichoke  draws  a  great  deal  of  its  food  from 
the  atmosphere.  Artichokes  are  now  being  cultivated 
alike  in  Iowa  and  Arizona  as  a  material  (or  fattening 
poik.  In  field  culture  they  are  not  hard  to  eradicate, 
and  must  be  replanted  at  least  once  in  two  years.  An 
Iowa  farmer  finds  one  or  two  acres  sufficient  for  quite 
a  large  herd  of  hogs.   "Journal  of  Forest, y. 


176 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  8.    \l 


APPOINTMENTS    FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 
r  Royal     Horticultural 


saieol  the  Colleciic 
late  J.  S.  Law, 
Southgate,  at  Siei 


keepers'  Associ; 
Society's  Show. 


:nce   Horticultural 
ultural     Society's 


H 


Tauni 

Floral  Fete 
Sale  of  Established  and  Flowerinfi  Orchid 


S^TURPAY, 


I  Abedare  Horticultural  Society's  Show. 
A,.-   ,A  f  Sale  of  Imported  l^rchids.  at  Protheroc  *;■ 
•^"S-  '••  \       Morris'  Rooitts. 

Au^   t5  /  5*'=  °'  Consignment  of  Bulbs  from  Holland, 
'lug,  15  ^     ^,  Stevens'  Rooms. 


THE  hot  dry  weather  experienced  latelyin  the 
South  naturally  leads  to  some  apprehen- 
sion as  to  what  the  effects  of  such  a  drought 
may  be,  where  circums.tances  do  not  permit  of 
sufficient  artificial  supplies  being  afforded.  The 
gardener  and  the  farmer  are  fullyimpressed  with 
the  necessity  that  growing  plants  experience  for 
water,  but  they  apparently  do  not  think  it  worth 
while  to  do  much  in  the  way  of  providing  storage, 
and  they  have  comparatively  little  information  as 
to  the  exact  nature  of  the  changes  in  the  plant 
brought  about  by  water,  whether  in  e.xcess  or  in 
deficiency.  In  discussing  this  matter  recently,  M. 
UUCHARTRE  referred  to  some  experiments  of 
Hellkiegel,  of  which  it  may  be  serviceable  to 
give  the  general  results.  Seeds  of  Wheat, 
Rye,  and  Oats  were  sown  under  identical  con- 
ditions in  all  respects  except  as  to  the  supply 
of  water.  As  to  the  supply  of  this  agent  the 
experiment  was  divided  into  seven  sets.  In  the 
first  set  water  was  supplied  to  the  soil  to  the 
amount  of  So  per  cent,  (full  saturation  being 
considered  as  loo).  To  the  second  set  60  per 
cent,  of  water  was  supplied  ;  40  per  cent,  to 
the  third  ;  30  per  cent,  to  the  fourth  ; 
20  per  cent,  to  the  fifth  ;  10  per  cent,  to 
the  sixth  ;  and  5  per  cent,  to  the  seventh. 
The  dry  matter  of  the  crop  remaining  after  the 
watery  constituents  had  been  driven  ofT  by  heat, 
was  in  round  numbers  as  follows  :— No.  i,  19.6; 
No.  2,  22.7;  No.  3,  21.7;  No.  4,  17.1;  No.  5^ 
146;  No.  6,  6.3;  No.  7,  0.1.  So  that  the 
largest  results  as  estimated  by  the  amount  of  dry 
matter  were  obtained  when  the  percentage  of 
water  supplied  to  the  soil  was  60.  A  rapidly 
progressive  diminution  occurred  when  the 
amount  supplied  was  less  than  40  per  cent.,  and 
in  absolutely  dry  soil  no  growth  at  all  took 
place.  Following  up  these  experiments,  M. 
DUCHARTRE  took  some  Yam  tubers (Dioscorea), 
and  placed  them  in  a  dry  room  where  they  were 
exposed  to  diffused  light,  but  where  they  re- 
ceived no  water  at  all  save  such  as  might 
have  been  in  the  atmosphere.  After  a  time 
the  tubers  began  to  sprout  as  Potatos  will 
do  under  like  circumstances,  the  water  in 
the  tissues  of  the  tuber  being  sufficient  for  a 
time.  The  shoots  and  leaves  produced  from 
the  Yam  under  these  circumstances  presented 
precisely  the  same  superficial  appearances  as 
do  shoots  that  are  produced  in  the  dark  ;  that 
is  to  say,  they  were  much  lengthened,  very 
slender,  and  with  small  ill-developed  leaves. 
The  colour,  however,  was  unaffected,  and  the 
internal  changes  were  quite  unlike  those  wit- 
nessed in  the  case  of  etiolated  plants.  In 
blanched  plants  the  walls  of  the  cells  and  ves- 
sels are  relatively  thin  and  flaccid,  but  in  the 
Yam  the  shoots  were  extraordinarily  rigid— a 
result  due,  not  so  much  to  any  increased  thick- 
ening of  the  cells  and  fibres  which  go  to 
support  and  brace  the  plant,  as  to  the  great 
reduction  of  the  more  cellular  portions  ;  in 
other  words,  the  woody  framework  was  not 
much  affected  by  the  drought,  but  the  portions 
devoted  to  the  reception,  assimilation,  and 
digestion  of  food,  were  greatly  reduced. 


The  Drouoht.— Mr.  G.  J.  Symons  writes 

to    the    Times  as    follows  :—"  Rainfall   observations 
have  now  been  made  uninterruptedly  in  this  country 


for  160  years,  not,  alas  !  at  any  one  place,  but  by 
careful  calculation  I  have  obtained  values  which  are, 
I  believe,  very  near  the  truth,  for  every  year  from 
1726  to  1SS5.  During  the  whole  of  this  long  period 
there  is  no  instance  of  more  than  five  consecutive 
years  being  wet  until  we  come  to  recent  years,  and 
then  we  have  the  unprecedented  fact  cf  nine  consecu- 
tive years  (1S75  to  1883),  each  wetter  than  the 
average  ;  in  short,  the  quantity  in  those  nine  years 
was  as  great  as  usually  falls  in  ten  years  and  a  quarter. 
In  1884  (just  as  in  1S34,  1844,  1854,  1S64,  and  1S74) 
the  fall  was  below  the  average,  and  complaints  of 
drought  and  of  deficient  water  supply  immediately 
arose.  I  have  not  had  time  to  thoroughly  examine 
the  records  of  the  early  months  of  1S85,  but  my 
impression  is  that  up  to  the  middle  of  June  the  fall 
did  not  differ  materially  from  the  average,  but  the 
latter  half  of  June  was  very  dry.  I  now  come  to 
July,  which  has  been  so  remarkably  dry  that  I  am 
sure  the  facts  will  be  examined  with  interest.  I 
append  them  in  the  form  of  a  table." 


Rain/all  i„  y„ly,  iSS 
Station. 

County. 

J"ly. 

1885 

(C  ^ 

Middlesex 

London,  Camden  Square 

In 

2.47 

In. 
0.52 

In. 

■■95 

K.ent 

Maidstone,          Hunton 
Court 

2.04 

0  21 

iSj 

Kent 

Hythe 

2.46 

0.47 

i.oy 

Hants      .. 

Is'e  of  Wight,  St.  Law- 

=.48 

0.70 

..78 

Hants     .. 

.Strathfield  Turgi-s 

2.30 

0.22 

2.08 

Herts       . . 

Hitchin 

2.70 

o.to 

2. 60 

Buclcs     . . 

Newport  Pagnell 

2.70 

0.14 

2.56 

Norfolk..    '     . 

Swaffham 

3-44 

1.10 

234 

Wilts       .. 

.Salisbury,  Alderbury    .. 

2-75 

0.16 

=  59 

Devoti    . . 

Okehampton 

3.42 

207 

■■35 

Devon    .. 

Holsworthy 

3.23 

1.14 

2.09 

( iloucester 

Clifton 

3-25 

0.97 

2.28 

Lincoln  .. 

Ulceby,  KiUingholmc    . 

2.78 

0.66 

2.12 

York        .. 

Skipton,  Amcliffe 

4-95 

■■43 

3-52 

Northumberland 

North  Shields    . . 

2-55 

'■59 

0.96 

Monmouth 

Newport,  Llanfrochfa  .. 

3.69 

o^7i 

2.98 

Kirkcudbright  .. 

Cargen.  near  Dumfries  . 

3- "3 

2.68 

0.45 

Kinross  .. 

Loch  Leven       . . 

3.05 

I.OO 

2.0s 

Forfar     . . 

.\rbroath 

2.64 

0.79 

i.8s 

Cork 

Black  Rock 

2.84 

•■32 

■■52 

King's  County.. 

Portarlington      . . 

2.68 

1.26 

1.42 

Oalway  .. 

Ballinasloe 

2.88 

2  75 

Down      .. 

Waringstown      .. 

3.58 

..85 

■•73 

The  Antwerp  Exhibition.— We  publish 

in  another  column  a  report  of  this  important  exhibi- 
tion, which  however  does  not  equal  the  corresponding 
exhibition  in  Paris  in  the  spring.  As  usual  on  such 
occasions,  great  confusion  reigned  at  the  beginning, 
and  our  reporters  complain  that  the  facilities  afforded 
by  the  authorities  were  not  what  they  might  have 
been.  We  Britons  are  very.apt  to  grumble  and  parade 
our  shortcomings,  though  we  are  not  so  pleased  to  hear 
other  people  do  so,  but  in  this  matter  of  flower  show 
arrangements  and  of  judging,  we  have  certainly  little  to 
learn  from  our  foreign  friends.  Indeed,  we  think  they 
might  learn  a  lesson  in  organisation  and  economic 
management  of  time  by  studying  our  system,  espe- 
cially that  of  judging.  We  do  not  admit  that  Conti- 
nental judging  is  any  better  than  our  own,  but  it  cer- 
tainly requires  three  or  four  times  the  length  of  time 
that  our  judges  find  necessary. 

C  30NT0GL0SSUM    CORONARIU.M    (fig.    37). 

We  cannot  do  better  than  quote  with  reference  to  this 
species  what  Mr.  Williams,  in  the  OnhiJ  Growers 
Manual,  says  :— "  A  charming  species,  from  South 
America.  It  grows  iS  inches  high,  with  short 
thick  pseudobulbs,  and  dark  green  foliage  ;  the  spike, 
which  rises  uptight  from  the  side  of  the  bulb,  is  about 
18  inches  in  height,  sepals  and  petals  reddish- 
brown,  edged  with  yellow,  lip  bright  yellow.  It 
does  best  in  a  pot  in  heat,  and  will  continue  a  long 
time  in  perfection."  The  specimen  figured  is  of 
moderate  size  as  compared  to  that  figured  at  p.  304 
of  our  number  for  September  6,  1879,  where  will  be 
found  some  comments  on  the  art  of  flower  drawing, 
which  are  not  without  interest  at  the  present  moment. 
The  plants  of  it  in  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence's  collection 
are  perhaps  the  most  vigorous  in  the  country,  and 
there  they  are  grown  in  long  narrow  baskets  adapted 
to  the   creeping    habit    ol    the    plants.     They     are 


placed  in  a  cool,  sheltered  part  of  the  Odontoglossum- 
house,  where  neither  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  nor 
varying  currents  of  air  can  reach  them.  It  is  found 
to  do  best  in  fibry  peat  and  living  sphagnum  moss, 
so  placed  about  it  as  to  allow  of  perfect  drainage  for 
the  liberal  supply  of  rain-water  which  the  plant  de- 
mands at  all  seasons.  In  several  other  places  we 
have  seen  the  plant  doing  well  placed  over  the  tank 
in  the  cold  house. 

"  The  Canadian  Record  of  Science." — 

This  publication  includes  the  proceedings  of  the 
Natural  History  Society  of  Montreal,  and  replaces 
the  Canadian  Naturalist.  The  part  before  us  is 
chiefly  occupied  with  geological  matters. 

Turner    Memorial.— We    very    willingly 

give  insertion  to  the  following  : — "  Some  steps  have 
been  taken  to  raise  a  fund  to  provide  a  Memorial  for 
the  late  Mr.  Charles  Turner— the  memorial  to 
take  the  form  of  certain  prizes  offered  at  the  Dahlia 
Show,  but  I  think  you  will  agree  wiih  me  that  some- 
thing more  should  be  done  than  this,  to  express  the 
regret  we  feel  for  the  loss  of  one  who  for  nearly  half 
a  century  held  such  a  prominent  position  amongst  us, 
and  who  was  so  universally  respected.  A  meeting  of 
horticulturists  will  be  held  at  South  Kensington  on 
August  II,  to  consider  the  matter?  J.  Douglas." 

The  Jui;ilee  Year  ok  (Jueen  Victoria. — 

The  auspicious  date  of  the  "Year  of  Jubilee "  of 
Her  Majesly  Queen  Victoria  is  on  the  20th  day  of 
June,  1SS6.  The  half-century  of  her  reign  will  be 
completed  on  the  20th  of  June,  18S7,  but  the  prece- 
dents are  in  favour  of  the  "Jubilee  "  being  held  at 
the  beginning  and  not  the  end  of  the  fiftieth  year. 
"The  most  direct  (says  the  Globe)  is  that  of  1809, 
upon  the  25th  of  October,  when  rejoicings  were  held 
throughout  the  empire  because  of  the  entrance  of 
George  III.  upon  the  Jubilee  ^'ear ;  and  in  this  the 
original  institution  of  the  Jubilee  itself  was  obviously 
followed.  '  Thou  shall  number,'  says  the  Mosaic 
law,  'seven  sabbaths  of  years  unto  thee,  seven  times 
seven  years  ;  and  the  space  of  the  seven  sabbaths  of 
years  shall  be  unto  thee  forty  and  nine  years.  Then 
Shalt  thou  cause  the  trumpet  of  the  jubilee  to  sound 
....  throughout  all  your  land.  And  ye  shall  hallow 
the  fiftieth  year,  and  proclaim  liberty  throughout  all 
the  land  unto  all  the  inhabitants  thereof;  it  shall  be 
a  jubilee  unto  you.'  Only  three  sovereigns  in  the 
whole  tale  of  English  history  have  been  suffered  to  see 
the  opening  of  such  a  year — Henry  HI.,  Edward 
III.,  and  George  III."  It  is  another  happy  coin- 
cidence that  the  year  1886  should  have  been  chosen 
by  Americans  for  the  holding  of  the  American  Exhi- 
bition in  London.  It  will  lend  an  additional  eclat, 
says  the  Ameriean  Eagle,  to  Her  Majesty's  Jubilee, 
complementing  as  it  will  the  British  Colonial  and 
Indian  Exhibition,  and  thus  the  whole  of  the  English- 
speaking  races  will  be  represented  in  the  British 
metropolis. 

Cham.crops    excelsa.  —  Mr.    Snowdon 

Henry  of  Bonchurch,  has  kindly  favoured  us,  through 
Messrs.  Veitch,  with  a  photograph  of  this  Palm, 
which  is  flowering  in  the  open  ground,  where  it  has 
been  for  the  last  four  years  without  protection,  which 
is  not  a  common  occurrence,  though  we  remember  to 
have  seen  it  in  bloom  at  Kew.  We  hope  shortly  to 
give  an  illustration  of  the  inflorescence. 

Mormodes  luxatum    eburneum.  —  The 

flowers  of  the  type  are  a  straw-coloured  yellow,  and 
in  this  variety,  although  not  so  white  as  the  name 
would  lead  one  to  imagine,  they  are  nearly  so  with  a 
faint  trace  of  green  veins,  and  a  blood-purple  band  on 
the  lower  half  of  the  labellum.  They  are  deliciously 
fragrant,  and  produced  on  a  long,  pendulous,  many 
flowered  peduncle  with  a  bold  striking  appearance. 
M.  luxatum  was  described  by  Lindley,  but  since  his 
day  science  has  brought  more  light  to  bear  upon  the 
limits  of  the  genus,  and  this  species  must  now  be 
included  amongst  the  Catasetums,  although,  in  all 
probability,  the  older  name  will  be  retained  amongst 
gardeners.  There  are  three  form  (namely,  male, 
female,  and  hermaphrodite)  belonging  to  the  same 
species,  and  M.  luxatum  is  the  female  form,  belonging 
to  the  section  Monachanthus  of  Catasetum.  It  is 
characterised  by  the  absence  of  the  bristle-Iike  ap- 
pendages of  the  column  by  which  no  doubt  Lindley 
considered  it  to  be  a  Mormodes,  under  which  name  it 
is   figured  in    the   Botanical  Register,    1843,    t.    33. 


August  S,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


177 


But  Ihe  labellum  is  sessile  and  deeply  concave,  not 
clawed  as  a  true  Mormodes  should  be.  What  is  even 
more  peculiar,  it  is  twisted  on  one  side,  so  that  one 
of  its  lateral  edges,  not  the  apex,  faces  the  column. 
A  strong  flowering  plant  is  now  conspicuous  amongst 
the  Orchids  at  Kew.  A  large  page  illustration  is 
given  in  our  columns,  July  29,  1882. 

Flower  Show  Ethics. — A  correspondent 

writes:— "At  a  recent  show  I  sent  some  plants  to 
compete  for  a  cup.  Through  an  oversight  no  entry 
was  made,  but  the  plants  were  accepted,  shown, 
judged,  and  awarded  1st  prize,  which  was  stuck  up, 
but  afterwards  taken  down  again,  and  the  committee 
decided  that   no   prize   should   be    given.      I    have 


members  on  the  morning  of  August  6,  at  S.30,  pre- 
vious to  the  excursion  to  Lowther.  Mr.  Watt 
invited  several  members  of  the  English  Society  to 
meet  their  Scottish  associates  on  this  occasion.  The 
meeting  was  a  representative  one  of  the  arborists 
of  Great  Britain,  and  now  that  the  subject  of  forestry 
is  receiving  great  attention,  is  likely  to  be  productive 
of  much  good. 

Iris  l.evigata.  —  II  is  highly  gratifying  to 

note  how  plentifully  this  noble  Japan  Iris  is  becoming 
disseminated  in  this  country.  When  properly  under- 
stood it  is  by  no  means  dilTicult  to  cultivate,  and  if 
planted  in  a  suitable  position  the  trouble  of  attention 
as  to  watering'  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.     Being  sub- 


this  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  a  white-flowered 
Ramondia,  but  the  anther  connectives  are  produced 
beyond  the  cells  and  united  to  form  a  cone  round  the 
style.  The  rotate  corollas  and  prominent  stamens 
also  bear  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to  the 
flowers  of  a  Solanum  ;  but  as  a  matter  of  course  it 
differs  widely  in  the  construction  of  the  ovary  and 
other  particulars.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  rugose,  of 
a  deep  shining  green,  and  lie  pretty  close  to  the 
ground.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  corymbose 
cyraes  on  naked  scapes  about  3  to  6  inches  high,  and 
as  a  rock-garden  plant  may  be  considered  neat  and 
attractive.  It  is  a  native  of  the  mountains  of  Japan, 
introduced  to  this  country  as  late  as  1879,  and  still  a 
rare  plant.     There  is  a  figure  in  the  Botanical  Maga- 


FiG.  37.  — odontoglossum  coronarium.     (see  p.  176.) 


entered  a  protest,  saying  that  the  committee  has  no 
right  to  withdraw  the  cup  after  having  allowed  the 
plants  to  be  shown  and  the  judges  to  award  them  the 
1st  prize.  Am  I  right  or  not?"  [This  is  a  difficult  point 
to  decide,  as  so  many  considerations  are  involved,  and 
so  many  irregularities  seem  to  have  been  committed. 
For  our  part,  we  think  that  the  committee  is  in  this 
case  the  final  court  of  appeal.  The  committee  was 
wrong  in  the  first  instance  in  allowing  the  compe- 
tition to  be  made  at  all,  because  it  was  unfair  to  those 
who  had  complied  with  the  rules  ;  but  this  initial 
error  does  not,  in  our  view,  deprive  the  committee 
ot  its  rights  as  supreme  arbiter  to  revise  its  decision 
in  the  case.  Ed,] 

Scottish    Arboricultural    Society. — 

This  Society  held  its  annual  excursion  in  the  Car- 
lisle district,  and  Mr.  Watt,  of  the  firm  of 
Little  &  Ballantyne,   offers    hospitality  to    the 


aquatic  in  habit,  it  enjoys  a  constant  supply  of  mois- 
ture in  the  growing  season,  while  in  the  absence  of 
that  the  plants  not  only  fail  to  give  satisfaction,  but 
merely  dwindle,  and  ultimately  perish.  A  most 
natural  position  would  be  the  banks  of  a  stream  or 
pond,  where  the  roots  on  descending  would  find  an 
unlimited  supply  of  moisture.  Two  fine  clumps  on 
the  banks  of  the  pond  facing  the  Museum  at  Kew 
have  been  the  admiration  of  visitors  for  some  time 
back.  The  massive-looking  flowers  are  6  to  8  inches 
in  diameter,  and  several  varieties  ofter  strange  con- 
trasting mixtures  of  purple,  indigo,  violet,  white,  and 
the  never-failing  yellow  blotch  in  the  throat.  The 
species  is  figured  in  Kegel's  Gartenjlora^  442,  i-,  in 
the  Botanical  Maga-.ine,  t.  6132,  and  in  Gardeners' 
Chronicle^  July  11, 1874,  and  is  best  known  in  English 
gardens  under  the  name  of  Iris  Kaempferi. 

CONANPRON  ramondioides  — At  first  sight 


line,  t.  6484,  and  a  flowering  specimen  on  the  new 
rockery  at  Kew.  Hitherto  its  hardiness  has  been 
doubted,  but  should  it  resist  the  severity  of  our 
winters  as  well  as  Ramondia  pyrenaica,  British  gardens 
will  have  made  an  acquisition  ;  otherwise,  however, 
the  cultivation  of  the  one  will  suit  that  of  the  other. 

The  Rowe  Orphan  Fund.— We  are  sorry 

to  have  no  further  contributions  to  record  this  week  — 
a  circumstance  attributable  to  the  August  holiday 
season  probably,  but  the  need  for  help  is  sore. 

Dr.  Reichardt. — The  Times  correspondent 

telegraphs  that  Dr.  Henry  William  Reichardt, 
one  of  the  Professors  of  Botany  in  the  University 
of  Vienna,  committed  suicide  recently  by  hanging 
himself  in  a  fit  of  temporary  insanity.  This  sad 
event,  which  occurred  at  Moedling,  deprives  Austrian 
science  of  a  man  who,  though  he  was  but  fifty  years  old 


178 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


at  the  time  of  his  death,  had  long  ago  made  his  mark 
among  the  botanists  of  Europe.  Dr.  Reichardt 
had  many  friends  In  England,  and  was  an  occasional 
contributor  of  articles  on  botany  to  English  periodicals. 
Most  of  his  writings,  however,  were  published  to  the 
monthly  journal  of  the  Vienna  Academy  of  Sciences. 
His  last  undertaking,  which  remains  unfinished,  was 
the  compilation  of  a  catalogue  of  the  Imperial  Botani- 
cal Cabinet,  of  which  he  was  the  keeper,  and  the 
arrangement  of  this  valuable  colleclion  in  the  rooms 
allotted  to  it  at  the  new  Natural  History  Museum. 
Reichart  was  born  at  Igiau  in  1S35.  He  graduated 
as  doctor  in  medicine  at  Vienna  in  1S60,  became 
Assistant  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  same  year,  and 
in  1S66  was  named  Deputy-Keeper  of  the  Imperial 
Botanical  Cabinet.  In  1S79,  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Fenzl,  he  succeeded  the  latter  in  his  Chair  of  Botany 
at  the  University,  and  also  in  his  appointments  as 
Chief  Keeper  of  the  Botanical  Cabinet  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Vienna  Horticultural  Society.  He 
had  previously  been  Secretary  of  this  society. 

Belladonna. — The    leaves    of   this    plant, 

which  is  grown  about  Hitchin  for  medicinal  purposes, 
should  be  collected  at  the  flowering  period,  when  it  is 
found  that  they  are  richest  in  atropin.  An  article  in 
the  Phaniiaciutical  Journal  states  that  Gerrard 
finds  the  leaf  to  be  the  part  of  the  plant  richest  in 
alkaloid,  the  root,  fruit,  and  stem,  next  in  order.  An 
examination  of  parts  of  wild  and  cultivated  plants  by 
Gkrrakd  showed  100  parts  each  gave  as  follows  :  — 


Wild. 

Cultivated. 

Root               

.430 

■  350 

Stem            

.110 

.070 

Leaf 

.380 

.400 

The  leaves,  without  exception,  have  been  found  to 
yield  the  largest  percentage  of  alkaloid. 

The  American  Exhibition  of  1SS6.— As 

alre.tdy  announced,  a  great  Exhibition  of  American 
Products  and  Industry  will  be  held  next  year  at  the 
same  time  as  the  Colonial  Exhibition.  The  com- 
mittee have  secured  22  acres  of  ground,  near  Earl's 
Court,  in  direct  communication  with  all  the  leading 
railways.  The  American  Eagle,  from  which  we  take 
some  of  the  following  particulars,  is  a  monthly  journ.al 
published  at  7,  Poultry,  London,  E.C.,  and  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  the  Exhibition  : — 

"  The  industrial  departments  of  the  E.thibition,  in  all 
their  varied  branches,  will  invite  and  attract  special 
attention  to  the  wonderful  progress  m»de  in  the  l_'nited 
Slates  of  America  since  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of 
J876.  Comprising  much  that  has  not  yet  been  seen  in 
Europe,  the  great  improvements  made  by  Americans  in 
all  branches  of  labour-saving  machinery,  especially  for 
the  utilisation  of  wood  and  metals,  the  practical  helps  for 
household  purposes,  the  advantages  secured  by  new 
motors  and  the  most  rcent  completed  appliances  for 
using  the  telegraph  and  the  telephone,  w  ill  possess  a  deep 
interest  for  Europeans  and  visitors  from  the  colonies. 

"  It  is  proposed  to  arrange  the  entrance  hall  so  that 
the  European  visitor  shall  take  leave  of  his  native  soil, 
and  shall  temporarily  be  in  and  commence  his  visit  to 
North  .-Xmerica  from  the  harbour  of  New  York,  with  the 
Bartiioldi  statue  of  Liberty,  and  the  striking  features 
of  the  eastern  entry  to  the  United  States  around  him. 

"On  leaving  '  New  York  harbour,' the  visitor's  first 
excursion  will  be  through  the  various  States  across  the 
continent  to  .San  Francisco— from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  seaboards.  He  will  have  the  opportunity  of  in- 
specting collections  illustrating  the  wealth  and  civilisation 
of  the  entire  country  from  east  to  west,  from  north  to 
south. 

"  The  railway  routes  and  the  picturesquely  diversified 
scenery  of  the  agricultural,  pastoral,  forest,  and  mining 
States  will  be  illustrated  bypaintings.'plans  and  products. 
The  material  resources  and  characteristic  social  con- 
ditions of  the  various  parts  of  the  vast  territory  extend- 
ing from  ocean  to  ocean  and  from  the  Lakes  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  will  thus  be  exposed  to  view,  and  offer 
exceptional  facilities  for  comparison. 

"  The  condition  of  the  respective  agricultural,  grazing, 
mineral,  and  manufacturing  localities  will  be  particularly 
shown,  and  in  a  manner  which  will  be  intelligible  and 
inteesting  to  all  ;  whilst  the  state  of  development  and 
the  undeveloped  resources  of  the  various  sections  \yill  be 
brought  under  the  visitor's  notice  in  such  a  form  as  will 
enable  him  to  establish  a  trustworthy  basis  for  judgment 
as  to  their  respective  advantages. 

"  About  10,000,000  of  people  reside  within  one  hour 
of  the  proposed  American  Exhibition  Station,  in  addition 
to  the  150,000  strangers  who,  it  is  estimated,  enter  the 


city  of  London  daily.  For  accessibility  by  r.ailway  the 
site  at  Earl's  Court  is  probably  not  equalled  by  any  other 
in  the  United  Kingdom. 

"  The  manufacturing  department  of  the  Exhibition 
will  comprise  the  development  in  every  brancli  of  that 
inventive  genius  which  in  the  United  States  has  reached 
so  high  a  point ;  and,  so  far  as  possible,  it  is  proposed 
to  present  the  various  processes  in  working  order  by  the 
aid  of  electricity,  steam,  gas,  or  hydraulic  power. 

"  A  separate  hall  (the  Industrial  Hall)  will  be  devoted 
to  the  handicrafts  pursued  by  white,  Chinese,  Indian, 
and  negro  men  and  girls.  The  labour-saving  machinery, 
by  which  manual  toil  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  will  be 
plentifully  exhibited.  The  systems  of  working  the  great 
railways  and  canals,  the  oil  wells,  and  the  coal  and 
silver  mines  will  be  shown,  together  with  the  machinery 
and  organisation  by  which  American  manufactures  are 
produced. 

■'  The  site  selected  will  furnish  ro  or  12  acres  of 
grounds  (or  these  purposes,  and  afford  ample  space  also 
for  the  display,  in  climatic  sequence,  of  exclusively 
American  Conifers,  and  other  plants,  shrubs,  and 
flowers,  including  an  avenue  commencing  with  those 
found  in  the  Northern  and  Eastern  States,  and  ending 
with  those  of  the  .Southern  and  Western  States. 

"  The  Exhibition  will  include  aCahfornian  wine-shop, 
Florida  fruit  stores,  an  Indian  vill.age,  Indian  canoe- 
makers  and  mat-weavers,  ice-drink  pavilions  and  bars. 
Restaurants,  with  the  products  of  the  Eastern  and  Pacific 
coasts,  of  the  Northern  and  the  Southern  States  charac- 
teristically prepared  and  served  by  white  and  coloured 
male  and  female  cooks  and  waiters,  will  help  to  mark  the 
peculiarities  and  variety  of  American  social  development. 
Arrangements  are  being  made  to  include  a  press  pavilion, 
an  Atlantic  cable  ofiice,  an  electrical  elevated  railway, 
and  reproductions  of  the  facades  and  interiors  of  remark- 
able hotels  and  public  buildings. 

"  Proposals  are  on  toot  for  the  holding  in  England  of 
the  annual  conventions  for  1886  of  American  learned 
societies  and  other  similar  bodies.  The  corresponding 
British  societies  have  already  cordially  ofTered  hospitality 
and  the  use  of  their  respective  headquarters  to  their 
'  -American  cousins.' " 

Whston-super-Mare.  —The  annual  flower 

show  will  be  held  on  August  18. 

"  Raiienhorst's  Cryi'Togamic  Flora."— 

The  fourth  volume  of  this  important  publication  com- 
mences with  the  Musci,  described  and  illustrated  by 
Herr  K.  GuSTAV  Limpricht.  The  illustrations 
are  very  clear. 

"  COMPENDIO  BELLA   FLORA  ITALIANA." — 

The  last  portion  of  the  text  of  this  publication  is  now 
issued.  The  plates  contain  carefully  drawn  illustra- 
tions of  the  several  genera  of  the  Italian  flora,  while 
the  text  contains  concise  descriptions,  in  Italian,  of 
all  the  species.  The  work  has  been  edited  by  Pro- 
fessors Cesati,  Passerini,  and  Gibelli,  and  has 
been  several  years  in  execution. 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  \V.  Jar- 
man,  for  upwards  of  thirteen  years  Head  Gardener  to 
the  late  S.  Herepath,  E5q.,has1eft  Westwood  Lodge, 
Thanet,  and  been  appointed  Gardener  to  J.  Fakmer, 
Esq  ,  Chapel  Hdl  Ilouse,  Margate.- Mr.  Wallace 
Ada.ms,  for  the  past  four  years  Foreman  at  Stone- 
leigh  Abbey,  Kenilwortb,  has  been  appointed 
Gttdenerto  W.J.  Legh,  Esq.,  MP,  Lyme  Park, 
Stockport. 


Cactus  Hedges. — The  Cactus  makes  an  admir- 
able hedge,  and  is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings.  Snip 
off  a  piece  and  bury  its  end  in  the  ground,  and  it  will 
generally  grow.  Some  nervous  people,  however, 
object  to  it  for  its  supposed  property  of  harbouring 
snakes  or  vermin,  and  the  authorities,  in  some  places, 
wage  a  war  of  extermination  against  this  useful  plant. 
A  sort  of  Cacticide  epidemic  raged  some  years  ago  in 
Madras,  and  a  native  medical  officer  won  both  honour- 
able mention  and  a  tangible  reward  by  divulging  to 
the  authorities  his  discovery  that  the  "Coccus,"  or 
Cactus  bug,  was  the  natural  and  appointed  destroyer 
of  the  Cactus  tree,  and  should  be  therefore  enlisted  for 
its  destruction!  The  suggestion  was  rapturously  received. 
The  labours  of  gangs  of  convicts  employed  in 
grubbing  up  and  burning  the  plant  were  dispensed 
with,  and  in  lieu  thereof  a  departmental  issue  of 
Cactus  bugs  was  at  once  ordered  on  the  most  profuse 
scale.  For  months  the  luckless  postal  runners 
groaned  beneath  the  weight  of  parcels  of  the  Cactus 
plant,  with  healthy  "cocci  "  adhering,  pieces  of  which 
infected  plant  were  to  be  distributed  in  spots  where 
the  Cactus  was  plentiful,  that  the  great  batttle  of 
Cocctts  versus  Catfus  might  be  fairly  fought  out.  It 
reads  like  a  scheme  disinterred  from  the  archives  of  the 
philosphers  ol  Laputa,  hut  was  actually  conceived  and 
carried  out  in  Madras,  and  is  too  curious  an  example 
of  intellectual  idiosyncracy  to  be  passed  over  in  silence 
by  the  conscientious  historian.  Mason's  "  Burmah. 


THE    DATE    PALM. 

In  the  Gardeners''  Chronicle  for  February  21,  1SS5, 
page  240,  the  following  statements  occur,  quoted 
from  Nature,  under  the  heading  of  "The  influ- 
ence of  direct  sunlight  on  vegetation."  Regarding 
the  Phrenix  dactylifera,  L.,  it  is  stated  that  "  it 
never  forms  dense  forests  ;  "  that  "  the  Date  Palm  is 
indigenous  to  the  Great  Desert  (Sahara)  ; "  that 
"  nowhere  else  does  the  plant  vegetate  so  rapidly  ;  " 
that  "  when  cultivated  with  success,  it  is  also  in  a 
desert  climate,  as,  for  instance,  in  that  of  Murcia  in 
Spain  ;  "  that  "the  cause  of  its  being  without  fruits 
in  the  Mediterranean  is  the  dry  summer,  their 
being  no  subterranean  wells,  as  is  the  case  in  the 
Sahara." 

I  think  these  theories  are  erroneous,  as  I  shall  en- 
endeavour  to  show  further  on,  but  before  doing  so,  I 
would  call  attention  to  an  article  in  the  Garden  of 
February  2S,  1SS5,  page  165,  on  the  "  Palms  at  Bor- 
dighera,"  in  the  Mediterranean.  It  says,  "  But  hy  far 
the  most  lucrative  trade  is  in  Palms.  They  are  planted 
in  every  available  spot,  and  most  carefully  cultivated  ; 
the  soil  is  excellent  and  suits  them  well.  As  the 
plants  attain  a  certain  height  they  are  swathed,  or 
tied  up  in  the  same  way  that  we  treat  Lettuces. 
Large  quantities  thus  blanched  are  sent  to  Rome  and 
other  places  for  Palm  Sunday,  while  a  considerable 
number  find  their  way  in  the  month  of  August  to 
ditTerent  Jewish  communities  for  the  Feast  of  Taber- 
nacles." [See  also  illustration  in  Gardeners'  Chro- 
niele,  April  8,  1S76J.  Further  on,  it  states  that 
"  Many  old  Palms  have  strings  or  orange-coloured 
Dates  depending  from  the  crowns,  but  these  are  never 
fit  for  food."  The  group  of  Palms  selected  for  the 
illustration  in  the  Garden  certainlyjdoes  not  show 
careful  cultivation.  They  are  growing  out  of  a  hill- 
side, where  they  could  get  little  water,  either  from  rain 
or  other  sources. 

I  do  not  know  whether  the  Date  Palm  is  indi- 
genous to  the  Sahara  desert  ;  but  this  I  know,  that 
it  has  been  disseminated  wherever  the  Arabs  have 
gone.  All  along  the  North  of  Africa,  up  the  Nile, 
into  the  Soudan,  into  Spain,  whence  it  could  have 
been  easily  introduced  into  Bordighera,  on  the 
Riviera,  by  "  Dominican  monks  some  centuries  ago," 
as  the  Garden  states.  In  Mooltan,  Sindh,  and  adja- 
cent countries  the  Date  Palm  grows  in  hundreds  of 
thousands.  There  is  a  legend  that  the  seeds  were 
introduced  by  the  Arab  conquerors  of  Mooltan  in  the 
seventh  century.  It  is  largely  grown  on  both  coasts 
of  the  Persian  Gulf,  whence  the  best  Dates  found  in 
the  London  shops  come.  The  Date  Palm  is  more 
likely,  I  think,  to  have  been  indigenous  in  Arabia 
(or  wherever  the  Phoenix  sylvestris  has  its  home),  and 
then  to  have  found  its  way  to  the  Sahara  with  the 
Arabs. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  most  trees  require  direct 
sunlight  to  grow  luxuriantly  and  strongly,  provided 
they  get  moisture  at  their  roots,  and  I  should  say  the 
Date  Palm  is  no  exception  to  the  rule.  I  know  it 
grows  badly  under  trees,  but  I  would  not  be  ceitain 
that  this  happens  because  of  the  absence  of  direct 
sunlight,  and  not  because  it  is  robbed  of  nouiishment 
by  the  trees.  The  Phoenix  dactylifera  and  the  P, 
sylvestris  are,  I  believe,  botanically  identical.  At 
the  foot  of  the  Kalka  Hill,  in  the  Punjab,  there  is  a 
dense  forest  of  the  latter.  The  Wild  Date  Palm  is 
also  to  be  seen  all  over  India.  It  is  one  of  the 
"Toddy"  Palms  in  Mysore,  the  Lleccan,  North- 
western Provinces,  and  even  further  north.  In  many 
parts  of  this  district  (Etawah)  there  are  groups  of  the 
wild  Date  Palm,  with  numbers  of  young  Palms 
growing  at  the  foot  of  the  old  ones  ;  and  in  the  latter 
case  their  source  of  water  can  only  be  from  the  clouds, 
in  the  rains,  as  the  subsoil  water  is  too  deep  (often 
60  or  70  feet)  to  suppose  that  their  roots  get  down^to  it 

I  think  the  Date  Palm  will  vegetate  rapidly  where-, 
ever  it  gets  water  at  its  roots,  at  the  same  time  that  it 
has  a  suitable  soil,  and  a  sufficiently  warm  atmosphere. 

In  Bengal  immense  plantations  are  made  of  the 
Phcenix  sylvestris.  Date-sugar  is  made  from  its  sap. 
In  Jessore  alone,  in  1S82 — 3,  official  reports  state 
that  there  were  24,122  acres  under  Date  cultivation, 
and  that  the  value  of  moist  and  dry  sugar  in  that 
year,  came  up  to  Rs.  48,46,241.  In  Bengal  the 
subsoil  water  is  near  the  surface,  and  the  atmosphere 
is  more  or  less  damp  throughout  the  year.  This 
Palm  is  grown  there  only  for  its  sap,  and  the  Palms  are 
so  planted  that  their  leaves  touch,  when  full-grown. 

As  to  the  Phcenix  dactylifera,  the  cultivated 
variety,    I    have    studied   it   more   closely.     In   the 


August  S,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


179 


Persian  Gulf  there  is  a  great  trade  in  Dates  with 
Europe  and  America.  From  information  obtained 
through  the  British  political  Resident,  it  appears  that 
in  the  Gulf  there  are  upwards  of  one  hundred  varieties 
of  Dates,  that  some  do  not  ripen  their  fruit  beyond  the 
red  or  yellow  stage,  which  is  crisp  and  astringent,  or 
sweet,  according  to  the  amount  of  ripeness.  These 
aro  called  "Kharek,"  and  those  kinds  which  are  ex- 
ported to  Europe  in  boxes,  after  passing  through  their 
"Kharek"  stage,  become  soft  and  sweet,  and 
acquire  the  well  known  amber-brown  colour,  and 
when  allowed  to  become  semi-dry  on  the  trees  are 
picked  and  packed  for  exportation.  These  are  called 
*'  Khoorma." 

Now  everywhere  in  the  Gulf  the  Date  Palm  is  very 
carefully  cultivated.  Plantations  are  formed  of  female 
offsets  only,  the  trees  are  irrigated  from  whatever 
source  may  be  possible — rivers,  wells,  springs,  rain 
torrents.  Irrigation  appears  to  be  an  important 
matter  in  Date  cultivation.  The  trees  are  also  well 
manured  ;  in  short,  ihey  are  treated  in  every  way 
as  ftuit  trees  are  from  which  a  first-class  crop  is 
expected.  When  in  flower  artificial  fertilisation  is 
practised,  without  which,  they  say,  a  crop  cannot  be 
relied  on.  Moreover,  they  say  that  "unfertilised 
Dates  are  stoneless  and  insipid,  and  only  fit  for 
goats."  If  the  Palms  are  well  cared  for  and  in  good 
soil,  they  begin  to  bear  in  five  or  six  years  from 
offsets. 

All  along  the  Gulf,  at  Eusra,  Bushire,  Lar,  Bunder- 
Abbas,  Bahrein,  El  Ilasa,  &c.,  the  Date  Palm  has 
the  influence  of  the  sea  ;  in  the  interior  oi  Arabia  it 
Has  not,  Palgrave  met  with  it  throughout  his 
journey,  but  always  in  oases,  where  it  could  be 
watered  from  some  source  or  other.  He  says,  *'itisthe 
staff' of  life  and  the  staple  of  trade."  In  Muscat  it 
has  also  the  sea  air.  There  the  annual  rainfall  is 
only  6  inches. 

Oa  the  other  hand,  in  Mooltan,  it  grows  from 
seed  spontaneously.  It  is  never  cultivated.  In 
Sindh,  Bahawulpoore,  Dehra  Ghazi  Khan,  Dehra 
Ismail  Khan,  and  as  far  as  Bannu,  it  is  equally 
abundant.  Mr.  O'Brien,  Deputy  Commissioner  of 
Mooltan,  informs  me  that  the  P.  dactylifera  grows 
literally  in  hundreds  of  thousands,  so  that  in  the 
Mooltan  district  alone  the  Government  revenue,  at 
the  nominal  rate  of  one  anna  per  female  tree  (four 
farthings)  comes  to  Rs.  12,084.  -At  this  rate  there 
:annut  be  less  than  193,344  female  trees.  There  are, 
however,  many  exemptions,  and  the  male  trees  are 
not  taxed.  The  annual  rainfall  in  Mooltan  is  7  inches, 
and  there  is  no  such  thing  as  sea  air.  E*  Bonavia^ 
AID.,  Etawah. 

{To  be  continued.') 


FOI^ESTI^Y, 


THE  THINNIXG  OF  WOODS, 
I  NOW  come  to  what  I  consider  the  most  important 
part  of  a  forester's  responsibility.  He  has  fenced, 
drained,  and  planted,  and  it  will  now  devolve  upon 
him  to  attend  to  the  future  welfare  of  the  plantation. 
I  do  not  expect  that  for  the  first  ten  years  much 
thinning  will  be  required,  but  side  branches  on  Firs 
may  be  overreaching  the  hardwood  ;  these  should  be 
cut  back,  and  if  any  rival  branch  be  appearing  on  the 
hardwood  tree,  it  should  be  neatly  cut  off.  This  will 
give  liberty  for  two  or  three  years  more,  but  after 
that  time  the  cutting-out  process  must  begin.  It  is 
now  of  the  utmost  importance  to  thin  by  carefully 
cutting  out  the  worst  trees,  and  allowing  a  free  circu- 
lation of  light  and  air  to  penetrate  through  the  whole 
plantation.  This  should  be  continued  with  the  same 
care,  at  stated  intervals  of  four  or  five  years,  up  till 
thirty  years  of  age.  Beyond  that  age  thinning  may 
not  be  required  for  six  or  eight  years,  and  at  intervals 
up  till  sixty  years  of  age,  when  much  more  cannot  be 
done  until  they  are  finally  all  cut  down.  I  always 
class  a  certain  number  of  acres  of  aged  plantations 
with  a  given  number  of  young  to  be  thinned  during 
the  year,  so  that  both  classes  of  plantations  miy 
receive  their  due  share  of  attention.  Besides,  the 
receipts  and  expenditure,  on  a  yearly  comparison, 
appear  more  evenly  adjusted  by  adopting  this  plan  of 
thinning.  I  manage  to  get  over  the  whole  every 
seven  years.  And  in  order  to  show  that  planting  is 
not  a  losing  investment,  I  herewith  give  the  result  of 
my  twenty-eight  years'  management  and  experience, 
during  which  time  I  have  planted  800  acres  of  old 


and  new  land,  yielding  therefor  little  or  no  return  as 
yet.  The  receipts  properly  have  been  derived  from 
2000  acres,  making  £\  \os.  \\d.  per  acre,  and  the 
expenditure  125.  A,d.  per  acre.  If  I  take  the  whole 
2S00  acres  into  consideration,  the  receipts  are 
£\.  2s.  l(/.,  and  the  expenditure  Ss.  $d.  per  acre, 
leaving  a  clear  nett  balance  in  the  first  case  of  iSs.  yd.j 
and  in  the  second  case  of  i^s.  Sd.  per  acre.  More- 
over, there  is  a  crop  of  fine  thriving  trees  left  stand- 
ing on  the  ground  for  futurity,  worth  from  ^40  to 
^60  per  acre.  ^^  Mana^iemcnt  of  Plantations  in 
Cumber iand^'^  by  IV.  Baiy. 


■  ARISyEMAS. 

The  interest   attached    to    these   singular-looking 
plants  is  of  no   ordinary  kind.     Few  of  them  have 
been  cultivated   in  this  country  for  any  considerable 
time,    but    their  distribution   in   gardens    is    not    so 
universal  as  the  beauty  of  their  foliage  or  the  unique 
character    of     their     inflorescence     would     warrant. 
Probably  their  want  of  popularity  is  due  in  a  great 
measure  to  the  absence  generally  of  gay  colouring — a 
feature   of  leading  importance   in    the   horticultural 
world.     The  cultural  treatment  is  of  the  easiest,  as 
the  tuberous  rootstock   may  be  potted,  grown,  and 
rested  exactly  as  in  the  case  of  deciduous  bulbs.    The 
species  under  notice  are  natives  mostly  of  the  Hima- 
layas and  cooler  parts  of  Asia,  and  consequently  suc- 
ceed in  a  cool  house  provided  the  atmosphere  be  not 
saturated  with  moisture  nor  stagnant  for  any  length- 
ened period,  otherwise  a  deposit  of  water,  resulting 
from  condensation,  collects  in  the  spalhe,  causing  the 
whole  inflorescence  to  damp  otf  prematurely.     On  the 
other  hand,  if  subjected  to  too  drying  an  atmosphere 
by  ventilation  necessary  to  regulate  the  temperature, 
the  healthy  green  colour  of  the  leaves  is  changed  to 
that  ol  a  sere  or  sickly  hue,  or,  in  other  words,  the 
plants  are  hurried  to  maturity  much  sooner  than  is 
desirable.     They  will  also  succeed  in  an  intermediate 
or  cool  stove  temperature,  but  apparently  a  cool  atmo- 
sphere is  more  appropriate  to  their  well-being,  and 
conducive  to  the  proper  development  of  the  foliage, 
which  in  Arisxma  speciosum  and  A,  galeatum  attain 
handsome  dimensions.     In  cither  case  the  leaves  are 
ternate,  the  leaflets  elliptic  and  margined  with  dark 
brown   or    red.     They  are  figured  in   the  Botanical 
Ma':;azine,  tt.  5964  and  6457  respectively.     One  leaf 
only   is    produced   from  a    tuber  contemporaneously 
with  the  inflorescence.  The  spathe  of  A.  speciosum  is 
unusually  large,  and  of  a  deep  blcod-purple  colour, 
while  the  enormously  elongated  and  slender  talMike 
continuation  of  the  spadix,  together  with  other  cha- 
racters  in    both   species,    are    broad   and  distinctive 
marks  of  affinity.     These  appendages  doubtless  serve 
as  guides  to  creeping  insects,  there  being  no  question 
about  the  necessity  of  the  intervention  of  insect  agency 
in   the   process    of  fertilisation.      A.  ringens,   better 
known  perhaps  as  A.  prxcox,  and  synonymous  with 
A.  Sieboldi,   diff^ers   from   the   above  in  having  two 
leaves  and   in   the  absence  of  the  attenuated  appen- 
dages   to    the    spadix.       The    large-hooded     spathe 
is    green,    striped    with     white     lines,     and     bears 
striking  resemblance    to   a   cobra   in   the  attitude  of 
striking.  The  deep  brownish-purple  auricles  suround- 
ing   the   lateral    orifices    form    another    conspicuous 
feature  of  this  species.     It  is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  a 
figure  is  given  in  the  Botanical  Mas^azinc,  t.  5267. 
A.  curvatum,  figured   in  the  Botanical  Maqazine^  t. 
5931,  exhibits  a  striking   departure  from  the  above 
type.      The  enormously  elongated  leaf-sheaths  clasp 
the    flower-stalk    and    greatly  simulate    a   true   stem 
bearing  two  or  three  cauline  leaves.     The  two  lateral 
leaflets  of  each  are  branched  in  a  helicoid  manner, 
doubtless  giving  rise  to  the  synonym,  A.  hellebori- 
folium,  by  which  the  plant  is  frequently  known.    The 
sheaths  are  most  beautifully  marked  with  zig  zag  red 
blotches  on  an  olive  and  pale  green  ground,  present- 
ing in  different  individuals  a  wide  range  of  colour  in 
ever-varying  intensity.     The  flowers  are  monoecious 
or  mostly  so,  that  is,  the  male  and  female  flowers  are 
found  within  the  same  spalhe — a  character  of  uncom- 
mon occurrence  in  the  genus,   as  these   organs  are 
mostly  always  on  different  plants.     The  spadix  ends 
in  a  curiously  curved  proboscis-looking  structure.  We 
have  a  third  and  very  distinct  type  of  leaf  in  A.  con- 
cinnum,  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  X.  5914,    It 
is  cut  up  into  a  great  number  of  linear   leaflets  that 
simulate  the  radii  of  a  wheel.     The  spathe  is  green 
striped  with  white  lines  ;  and  slender  branching  pro- 
cesses above  the  female  flowers  representing  abortive 


stamens  is  another  marked  character  of  this  species. 
In  A.  nepenlhoides,  figured  in  the  Botanical  A/a^^a* 
zi/te,  t.  6446,  the  sides  of  the  spathe  above  ihe 
tubular  portion  are  drawn  out  into  yellowish-brown 
auricles, thus  mimicing  in  some  degree  a  Pitcher-plant. 
Another  species  that  surpasses  A.  speciosum  for  deco- 
rative effect  is  A.  Griffiihi,  otherwise  known  as  A. 
Hookerianum,  and  figured  in  the  Botanical  Afa^azinc, 
t.  6491.  The  spalhe  is  very  large,  hooded,  and  a 
curious  mixture  of  brownish-violet  striped  or  reticu- 
lated with  green.  The  spadix  is  also  drawn  out  into 
a  long  appendage.  It  is  to  be  regretted  this  species 
is  not  more  universally  cultivated.  A.  triphylla  has  a 
green  spathe,  striped  with  broad  bands  of  purplish- 
brown,  and  is  interesting  as  the  oldest  introduction' 
belonging  to  the  genus.  It  is  the  Arum  triphyllum  of 
Linnceus  figured  in  the  Botanical  A/a^azine,  t.  950. 

Filly  species  are  known  to  science,  but  only  a  few 
comparatively  have  been  introduced.  A  collection  is 
annually  flowered  at  Kew  in  some  or  other  compart- 
ment of  the  X-f3nge,  A  full-sized  illustration  of  A. 
speciosum  is  given  in  our  columns,  vol.  xii  ,  1879,  p. 
5S5,  and  at  p.  6S9,  November  29,  1884,  a  new  and 
very  remarkable  species,  A.  fimbriatum,  is  described 
and  figured.  %  F. 


|i« 


jiii«. 


The  present  year,  1885,  has  been  a  very  good  one 
for  our  little  friends  the  bees.  The  early  part  of  the 
season,  especially  during  May,  was  very  unfavourable 
to  them,  and  many  good  stocks  were  lost  throughout 
the  country  for  want  of  a  little  attention  and  feeding. 
But  those  who  fed  their  pets  have  been  well  rewarded 
since.  It  may  be  taken  as  an  axiom,  that  if  it  does 
not  pay  'to  feed  animals  Jt  certainly  will  not  pay  to 
starve  them,  and  bees  form  no  exception  to  the  rule. 

It  is  well  known  to  experienced  bee-keepers,  that 
the  great  breeding  month  in  England  is  May.  While 
bees  are  breeding  they  require  a  great  deal  of  food, 
and  if  they  cannot  get  it  out-of-doors  they  must  be 
supplied  with  it  artificially  in  the  shape  of  sweet 
syrup,  or  they  will  get  very  weak,  and  much  valuable 
time  will  be  spent  in  recovering  their  strength,  which 
might  be  spent  in  gathering  honey. 

It  was  not  till  June  i  that  bees  generally  began  to 
work  hard,  but  ever  since  that  date  they  have  been 
working  early  and  late.  Honey  has  been  stored  at  an 
amazing  rate,  and  it  has  also  been  a  great  swarming 
year,  I  have  great  respect  for  good  second  swarms, 
and  as  a  rule  I  always  keep  them,  instead  of  return- 
ing them  to  the  parent  stock.  All  swarms  after  the 
second  had  better  be  returned  from  whence  they 
cam?,  to  prevent  the  parent  stock  from  becoming 
hopelessly  weak.  My  reason  for  liking  good  second 
swarms  is  because  they  contain  young  queens,  and  it 
is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  have  good,  fertile, 
young  queens  in  the  Apiary.  The  natural  time  for  a 
queen  to  exist  is  four  or  five  years,  but  as  a  rule  their 
laying  powers  begin  to  fail  at  the  end  of  the  third 
year,  and  it  is  then  very  desirable  to  destroy  them  and 
put  in  their  places  young  queens,  A  very  good  time 
to  do  this  is  at  the  end  of  August,  for  no  honey  of  any 
importance  is  collected  after  that.  In  my  own  Apiary 
this  year  I  have  several  second  swarms,  which  are 
doing  more  work  than  the  firsts  ;  and  I  attribute  this 
to  the  age  of  the  queens,  as  the  first  swarms  are 
always  headed  by  the  old  queen.  When  it  is  under- 
stood that  a  hive  is  only  prosperous  when  it  is  well 
peopled,  and  that  a  young  queen  lays  about  2000  or 
3000  eggs  a  day,  it  will  be  seen  that  as  soon  as  she 
begins  to  fail  she  must  be  superseded,  if  large  ^quan- 
tities of  honey  are  to  be  obtained.  In  my  next  paper 
I  shall  give  very  clear  instructions  how  to  take  the 
honey,  and  double  up  weak  stocks  for  winter.  Agnes. 


A  PINE   DESTROYING    FUNGUS. 

In  the  list  of  awards  of  tlie  International  Forestry 
Exhibition  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronuk 
for  December  6,  1SS4,  p.  726,  it  appears  that  in 
Section  12,  "On  the  Destructive  Influence  on 
Wood  of  Fungi,"  no  essay  was  received.  We  in  this 
country  have  rather  dropped  behind  our  Germnn 
confreres  in  this  matter.  Much  attention  has  been 
recently  paid  by  them  to  the  destructive  influence 
which  the  larger  fungi  have  upon  living  trees.  It 
has  taken  us  about  twenty  years  to  grasp  the  fact  that 
some  of  the  Uredines  are  heterscisraal  in  their  life- 


i8o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  18S5. 


history  (that  is,  they  assume  different  shapes,  accord- 
ing to  the  plant  upon  which  they  live),  so  that  by  the 
beginning  of  the  next  century  we  may  come  to  recog- 
nise the  fact  that  many  Agarics,  Poiypori,  Pezizce,  &c., 
are  not  confined  to  dead  and  rotting  matters,  but 
that  they  actually  cause  the  death  and  decay  of  living 
trees. 

Dr.  P.  Magnus  has  recently  drawn  attention  to  the 
fact  that  Polyporus  Schweinitzii  must  now  be  regarded 
as  a  fungus  capable  of  causing  the  death  of  certain 
species  of  the  Pines.  He  recently  communicated  to 
the  Botanical  Society  of  the  province  of  Branden- 
burg the  following  facts  concerning  the  death  and 
destruction  of  a  fine  tree  of  the  Weymouth  Fir  (Pinus 
Strobus,  L.),  in  the  Berlin  Botanic  Garden.  On 
October  9,  iSSi,  during  a  severe  gale,  this  tree  was 
blown  down,  when  it  was  discovered  that  the  interior 
of  the  base  of  its  trunlt  was  rotten  through  the  action 
of  the  mycelium  of  Polyporus  Schweinitzii.  Since 
1874,  possibly  before,  specimens  of  this  fungus  had 
been  observed  growing  beneath  the  tree  in  question, 
they  occurred  annually  more  or  less  regularly  in  con- 
verging lines  corresponding  to  the  principal  roots  on 
one  side  of  the  tree. 

In  1S74  the  fungi  were  found  at  a  considerable 
distance  from  the  stem  ;  year  by  year  they  got  nearer 
and  nearer  to  the  trunk,  until  at  last  they  occurred 
upon  it.  Dr.  Magnus  pointed  out  that  those  speci- 
mens which  grew  at  a  distance  from  the  tree  where 
they  had  to  push  themselves  through  a  layer  of  earth 
were  of  typical  central  stemmed  form  (Mesopus)  ;  when 
they  were  produced  on  the  stem  in  the  fork  between 
two  main  roots  they  were  provided  with  a  lateral 
stem  (Pleuropus)  but  when  they  grew  from  the  stem 
itself  they  werestemless  (apodia),  and  further,  that  when 
they  occur  upon  a  flat  surface  they  are  in  the  young 
state  resupinate,  constituting  the  Polyporus  coruscans 
of  Schulzer  v.  Miiggenburg.  In  the  affected  wood  of 
the  Berlin  Fir  tree  the  mycelium  of  the  fungus  formed 
the  same  kind  of  "mycelial  nests"  or  "mycelial 
cushions  "  which  Hartig  describes  with  his  Trametes 
radiciperda*  (Polyporus  annosus,  F.)  The  woody 
cells  were  perforated  by  the  mycelial  hyphje,  and  in 
those  parts  in  which  the  wood  was  quite  soft  and 
rotten  the  tissues  were  more  or  less  absorbed.  The 
fungus  in  question  also  attacks  the  roots  and  base  of 
the  stem  of  other  Pines.  This  Dr.  Magnus  has 
observed  with  Pinus  sylvestris  at  Konigsdamm,  near 
Berlin,  and  with  Larix  europxa  in  the  Engadine,  nea' 
Pontresina.  Charles  B.  Plowright,  7,  Kin^  Street, 
King's  Lynn. 


AN    ABNORMAL    FORM    OF 
PUCCINIA  BETONIC^,  DC.    ' 

A  SHORT  time  ago  I  received  from  Mr.  Downes,  of 
Bristol,  a  Puccinia  on  the  leaves  of  Betonica  offici- 
nalis, which  presented  a  very  abnormal  appearance. 
Very  many  of  the  spores,  about  one-eighth  of  the  en- 
tire number  as  near  as  I  could  estimate,  were  three- 
celled.  Many  of  these  had  the  three  cells  placed  one 
above  the  other  so  as  to  approach  Phragmidium,  but 
others  had  them  arranged  at  various  angles  and  in 
various  relative  positions  so  as  exactly  to  resemble  a 
Triphragmium.  There  were  also  a  few  meso-spores, 
or  one-celled  teleuto-spores.  The  great  variety  present 
will  be  seen  from  the  accompanying  drawing  (fig.  38). 
The  ordinary  two-celled  spores  were  the  most  numerous, 
and  in  other  respects  the  fungus  exactly  agreed  with 
the  type  of  P.  betonicre.  I  have  examined  specimens 
from  three  other  localities,  but  failed  to  find  any  but 
the  ordinary  spores. 

There  are  at  least  two  other  species  of  Puccinia 
besides  P.  variabilis  and  (according  lo  Rev.  J.  E.  Vize) 
P.  conii,  with  the  same  peculiarity  — P.  tomipara,  Tre- 
lease,  which  is  sometimes  even  5celled  ;  and  P. 
triarticulata,  B.  and  C,  both  of  which  occur  on 
grammeous  plants.  Phragmidium  triarticulatum, 
B.  and  C,  on  Potentilla  (which  is  only  a  form  of  P. 
obtusum)  ;  and  Triphragmium  deglubens,  B.  and  C, 
on  a  leguminous  plant,  also  have  two  horizontal  septa  ; 
the  latter,  pur  parentlnse,  appears  to  be  a  good  Phrag- 
midium. Thus  the  form  of  P.  betonicse  here  figured 
(fig.  38)  is  a  connecting  link  between  Puccinia,  Tri- 
phragmium and  Phragmidium,  and  if  it  were  not  for 
Its  smooth  spores  and  the  great  preponderance  of  the 
two-celled  forms  it  might  be  doubtful  how  it  should 
be  classed.  Mr.  Downes  informs  me  that  he  has  found 
It  only  in  a  single  spot,  on  the  downs,  near  the  Avon 
gorge,  and  the  species  is,  I  believe,  hitherto  un- 
recorded for  the  Bristol  district.  PV.  B.  Grove,  B.A., 
Birmingham. 


COMMON    GARDEN    INSECTS. 

In  my  last  article  on  this  subject  I  glanced  at  a 
lew  of  the  insects  to  be  found  haunting  the  ground, 
and  concealed  beneath  stones  and  in  crevices.  I 
now  change  our  place  of  observation,  and  look 
amongst  the  vegetation  for  other  garden  inhabitants. 
Here  we  shall  find  a  much  greater  variety  of  insect 
life,  and  here  also  we  shall  have  to  look  closely  to 
find  out  the  full  extent  of  that  small  life.  Most  of 
these  insects  are  of  such  colouring  or  form  as  to  be 
easily  mistaken  for  the  surrounding  objects  the  insect 
may  happen  to  frequent — such  as  the  leaf  on  which 
it  feeds,  or  the  timber  in  which  it  burrows.  Thus  it 
will  often  be  found  that  the  insects  on  green  leaves 
are  green,  and  of  so  similar  a  shade  that  it  is  but  the 
motion  of  the  insect  that  enables  us  at  a  glance  to 
detect  its  presence  ;— thus  to  most  minds  will  recur 
the  instances  of  green  caterpillars,  green  aphides,  and 
green  bettles.  Some  caterpillars  are  so  exactly 
like  bits  of  broken  twigs  that  they  often  startle 
children  who  take  hold  of  them,  and  feel  the  bits  of 
twigs  soft  and  alive.  Many  plant  beetles  are  the 
imitation  of  buds,  others  are  like  seeds.  Many  other 
examples  might  be  given,  but  these  suffice  to  show 
that  close  observation  is  necessary  in  this  interesting 
branch  of  natural  history.  It  is  astonishing  how 
quietly  and  how  unobservedly  insects  at  times  destroy 


tig,  "  Lehrbuch  Her  BaHtiikranJititen,"  p.  77,  t  33. 


vegetation  ;  they  do  it  in  so  subtle  and  sure  a  manner 
that  often  the  first  indication  of  their  presence  is  the 
ruins  of  once-flourishing  beds  of  plants,  or  the  sudden 
withering  of  the  foliage  of  hitherto  healthy  trees. 
This  is  often  due  to  the  similitude  in  appearance 
between  a  portion  of  the  plant  and  its  destroyers — 
or  to  the  nocturnal  habits  of  the  depredators. 

A  more  careful  observation  of  the  curious  and  of  the 
complex  habits  and  transformations  of  insects  enables 
us  to  discern  which  are  beneficial  and  which  in- 
jurious, and  how  to  encourage  the  one  class  and 
eradicate  the  other.  Thus  it  is  that  we  know 
aphides  to  belong  to  the  latter  and  ladybirds  to  the 
former  class. 

The  loliage  and  flowers  of  spring  and  early  summer 
shelter  countless  minute  caterpillars,  and  a  variety  of 
small  variously  coloured  insects  ;  later  in  the  summer 
months  it  is  observed  that  the  majority  of  the 
caterpillars  are  of  larger  size,  and  there  is  an  evident 
increase  of  brightly-coloured  beetles,  spiders  and  flies. 
The  caterpillars  are  mostly  hatched  by  the  warm  rays 
of  sunshine  from  minute  eggs  which  are  dispersed 
in  immense  numbers  on  the  leaves,  stems  and  bark 
of  trees,  &c. ,  where  they  had  been  deposited  in  the 
previous  autumn.  No  better  example  of  this  class  of 
garden  denizen  could  be  given  than  that  of  the  common 
large  garden  white  butterfly  (Pieris  brassies),  the  life 
history  of  which  is  illustrated  in  the  lower  half  of  fig. 
39.  P-  181. 

The  Cabbage  Butterfly. 

A  patch    of  eggs  and  the  minute   caterpillars   or 

larvae  nearly  immerged  from    them  are  seen  on  the 

leaf.      These   tiny   eggs  are  at   first   quite  white  or 

pale  yellow,  and  form  an  object  for  the  microscope 


of  remarkable  beauty,  which  is  worthy  the  examina- 
tion of  all  who  take  an  interest  in  the  garden  and  its 
insect  life.  An  egg  magnified  is  drawn  at  the  bottom 
left-hand  corner  of  the  woodcut.  When  the  eggs  are 
near  the  hatching  point  they  darken  in  colour,  and  a 
magnifying  glass  reveals  through  the  delicate  transpa- 
rent shell  a  sight  which  fills  the  observer  with  amaze- 
ment: the  embryo  caterpillar  is  seen  in  gradual  course  of 
formation,  and  if  patience  and  warmth  have  permitted 
it,  the  observer  will  witness  slight  movements  within 
the  life-case,  and  presently  the  shell  will  break  and  a 
black  head  with  moving  jaws  will  be  thrust  out  ;  the 
little  caterpillar  unfolds  and  slowly  crawls  away  from  the 
egg-shell  and  inserts  its  jaws  into  the  green  leaf.  It  is 
curious  to  witness  how  judiciously  the  little  creatures 
avoid  crowding  together,  but  strike  out  in  different  direc- 
tions, and  thus  they  make  sure  of  a  plentiful  supply  of 
food,  and  distribute  the  effects  of  their  depredations. 
These  caterpillars  eat  continually,  and  hence  rapidly 
increase  in  size,  until  they  present  the  appearance 
shown  in  our  drawing  in  the  centre  of  the  illustration, 
which  is  a  full-grown  caterpillar. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  insect  is  composed 
of  thirteen  segments  from  head  to  tail,  which  is 
a  distinctive  characteristic  of  all  insects  both  in 
the  larval  and  perfect  states ;  but  in  the  case  of 
this  and  most  other  caterpillars  these  segments 
are  sharply  defined  and  readily  recognised.  It 
will  also  be  noticed  that  the  three  segments  or 
"joints  "  nearest  the  head  bear  a  pair  of  legs  each  j 
these  are  the  real  feet,  or  claspers,  as  they  are  some- 
times termed,  which  develope  into  the  feet  of  the 
future  butterfly.  There  are  four  pairs  of  false  feet  or 
suckers,  which  adhere  to  the  ground  by  suction,  and 
which  disappear  in  the  butterfly.  On  the  last  or  tail 
end  is  a  fifth  pair  of  suckers  also,  which  can  attach 
themselves  to  a  surface  with  considerable  force,  as 
any  one  can  attest  who  has  ncticed  the  wrigglings  of 
one  of  these  caterpillars  when  feeling  for  new  feeding 
ground. 

The  caterpillar  now  ceases  to  eat,  and  quietly 
betakes  itself  to  a  secluded  corner,  where  in  peace  it 
spins  a  web  around  its  body,  and  wrapt  therein  re- 
mains quiescent  awaiting  its  change  into  the  butterfly. 
Although  so  dormant  outwardly,  activity  reigns  inside; 
processes  are  going  on  within  that  chrysalis-case 
which  are  the  amazement  and  the  puzzle  of  all 
naturalists.  In  course  of  time  the  worm  is  changed 
into  the  beautiful  winged  butterfly,  which  breaks  its 
case  and  emerges  soft  and  wet  ;  but  it  quickly  dries 
and  spreads  its  wings  to  commence  its  life  in  the  air 
and  sunshine.  The  chrysalis  is  represented  in  fig.  39 
on  the  left.  The  butterfly,  it  will  be  recognised,  is 
one  of  the  common  insects  so  familiar  to  all,  with 
strongly  veined  white  wings,  bearing  three  black 
spots,  two  on  the  upper  and  one  on  the  lower  wing, 
and  dark  colouring  on  the  corner  of  the  upper  wings. 
The  antennae,  as  with  all  butterflies,  is  clubbed  at  the 
extremity— unlike  moth's,  which  are  tapering— and 
the  large  black  staring  eyes  are  the  optical  apparatus, 
containing,  we  are  told,  thousands  of  lens,  each  a 
perfect,  simple  eye. 

The  wings  derive  their  chief  beauty  and  their  colour- 
ing from  the  covering  of  scales  which  lie  on  like  slates 
on  a  roof,  and  are  attached  in  a  simitar  manner.  A 
small. portion  of  the  wing  magnified  is  drawn  in  fig.  39, 
at  the  bottom  right-hand  corner,  and  detached  scales 
more  highly  magnified  next  to  it,  exhibiting  somewhat 
the  form  of  battledores. 

The  Peacock  Butterfly. 

Another  well  known  insect  is  illustrated  in  fig.  39, 
upper  portion— the  Peacock  butterfly  (Vanessa  lo). 
The  curious  spiked  and  spotted  caterpillar  feeds  upon 
the  common  Nettle.  This  beautiful  butterfly— common 
in  most  districts — is  brilliantly  coloured  and  figured  in 
the  upper  side  of  the  wings  but  only  of  a  mottled 
brown  on  the  under-surface,  somewhat  resembling  a 
dried  and  brown  leaf,  so  that  it  is  no  easy  matter  to 
detect  the  conspicuous  brightly-decked  insect  when  it 
alights  from  flight  upon  foliage  and  brings  its  wings 
tojether  over  its  back  after  the  manner  of  butter- 
flies. At  the  left-hand  corner  is  seen  the  head  of  the 
insect,  magnified,  showing  the  long  spiral  tongue. 

This  is  a  curious  structure,  and  one  that  will  repay 
the  trouble  of  microscopic  examination  ;  in  the  figure 
the  profile  is  seen,  the  large  compound  eye  at  the  side 
and  the  long  curved  tongue,  so  elephantine-looking  in 
form  though  of  minute  size,  is  seen  unrolled  as  it  is 
when  about  to  be  inserted  into  flowers  to  pump  up 
the  honey-juice.  This  little  piece  of  insect  apparatus 
is  a  mass  of  muscles  and  sensitive  nerves  comprising 
a  machine  of  greater  complexity  and  of  no  less 
precision  in   its  action   than    the    modern    printing 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


i8i 


machine.  When  not  in  use  the  tongue  rolls  into  a 
spiral  and  disappears  under  the  head.  A  butterfly's 
tongue  may  readily  be  unrolled  by  carefully  inserting 
a  pin  within  the  first  spiral  and  gently  drawing  it  out. 


J4oj^1E     j30RRESP0^1DE^(CE 


The  Big  Vine  of  Kinnell. — Auchmore,  one  of 
the  feats  of  the  Marquis  of  Breadalbane,  is  situated  at 
the  top  of  Loch  Tay,  and  near  to  the  pretty  village  of 
Killin.  This  district  partakes  strictly  of  a  beautiful 
and  romantic  character.  On  rising  ground  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  village  is  pointed  out  by  tradi- 
tion the  grave  of  Fingal,  and  to  the  west  of  the 
village,  immediately  below  the  bridge  that  crosses  the 
river  Lochy,  on  a  little  island  clothed  with  Fir  trees, 
in  the  middle  of  which  is  the  burial-place  of  the 
MacNabs,  once  the  potent  chieftains  of  this 
district  ;  and  on  the  north  of  Loch  Tay  stands 
the  lofty  Ben  Lawers,  the  monarch  of  mountain'^ 
in  this  district,  and  well-known  to  botanists  for  it- 
native  plants.  Being  in  this  district  some  time 
ago  I  took  the  opportunity  to  visit  Auchmore,  to  see 
the  famous  Vine  planted  in  the  gardens  at  Kinnell, 
the  old  residence  of  the  MacNabs,  and  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  mansion  house.  [It  is  a  Black  Ham- 
burgh, and  was  planted  fifty  years  ago  in  a  lean-to 
house  over  200  feet  long,  and  the  stem  measures 
(i  foot  from  the  surface)  18  inches  in  circumference, 
and  has  carried  for  the  last  six  years  the  following 
Ciops  : — 


Bunches 
cairied. 

Bunches 
l;,ken  r.ft-. 

Bunches 
matured 

1 199 

376 

803 

1274 

56c 

7M 

1868 

I168 

700 

1025 

1 105 
1602 

520 

500 

2170 

1650 

520 

2844 

2294 

550 

I  may  state  that  the  Vine  is  in  excellent  health,  and 
everything  about  the  place  is  in  perfect  order.  On 
visiting  Kinnell  I  was  fortunate  to  meet  Mr.  Cant, 
the  head  gardener  there,  who  is  justly  proud  of  his 
grand  Vine  and  its  extraordinary  productions.  Pro- 
fessor Blackie,  when  in  that  district,  spoke  of  this 
Vine  in  the  following  terms  :  —  "  I  visited  the  grounds  of 
Kinnell,  which  contains  one  of  the  greatest  natural 
curiosities,  or  rather  one  of  the  grandest  natural  pro- 
ductions. Like  Ben  Nevis  among  the  mountains  so 
is  the  Vine  of  Kinnell  among  Vines.  I  have  seen  the 
old  Yew  in  Fortingall,  in  Glenlyon,  certified  to  be 
more  than  50  feet  in  girth,  and  more  than  200  years 
old,  but  it  is  a  vegetable  ruin,  and,  like  old  churches, 
it  can  live  a  long  time  with  a  green  outside  ;  but  the 
Vine  of  Kinnell  is  as  lively  as  a  young  salmon,  for  it 
fills  the  whole  house  of  200  feet,  and  there  are 
gathered  from  it  yearly  hundreds  of  bunches  of 
luscious  juicy  purple  Grapes,  and  although  fifty  years 
old  it  is  as  healthy  as  the  heather  on  the  hills."  Pro- 
fessor Blackie  stales  that  he  wrote  the  following  lines 
as  a  memorial  of  so  elevating  a  spectacle  :  — 

"  Come  hither  all  who  love  to  feed  your  eyes 

On  goodly  sights,  and  join  your  joys  with  mine, 
Beholding  with  wide  look  of  grand  surprise 

The  many-branching  glory  of  this  Vine. 
Pride  of  Kinnell.  the  eye  will  have  its  due. 

And  God  provides  rich  banquet,  amply  spread, 
From  starlit  cope  to  huge  Ben  swathed  in  blue, 

And  this  empurpled  growth  that  overhead 
Vaults  us  with  pendent  fruits.     Oh,  I  would  take 

This  lordly  Vine,  and  hand  it  for  a  sign 
Even  in  my  front  of  estimate,  and  make 

Its  presence  teach  me  with  a  voice  divine. 
Go  hence,  and  in  sure  memory  keep  with  thee. 
To  shame  all  paltry  thoughts,  this  noble  tree." 
John  Downie,  Edinburgh. 

New  Pea,  Ameer.— A  writer  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  at  p.  107  says  that  Laxton's  new  seedling 
Pea,  Ameer,  certificated  by  the  Fruit  Committee  of 
the  Royal  Hoiticultural  Society  on  July  2  after  trial 
at  Chiswick  is  but  a  reproduction  of  William  I.,  with 
pods  a  trifle  finer.  The  suggested  similarity  of  these 
two  Pea  potentates  has  never  presented  itself  to  my 
mind,  as  the  raiser — the  two  varieties  differing  widely 
in  origin,  habit  of  growth,  and   shape  and  colour  of 


the  seed,  and  in  the  shape,  as  well  as  in  the  larger 
size  of  the  pod,  William  I.  showing  its  green- 
marrow  or  Prizetaker  origin— Ameer,  on  the  other 
hand,  being  a  blue  Pea  from  Laxton's  No.  I  Early 
Blue  Wrinkled  (a  Pea  now  almost  lost  sight  of),  and 
having  in  it  the  blood  of  Little  Gem.  T.  Laxlon, 
Bedford,  July  29. 

Passiflora  fcetida.— It  would  appear  from  the 
sample  of  Passiflora  foelida  which  I  enclose,  that 
my  statement  that  the  fruit  was  not  "dry  inflated" 
needed  "confirmation,"  as  the  green  fruit  I  have  just 
cut  through  are  not  juicy.  It  may  be  the  juice,  &c., 
is  secreted  in  a.  latej  stage.  I  do  not  recollect  that  I 
ever  cut  through  a  green  fruit  before  ;  but  I  have 
grown  the  plant  for  many  years,  and  have  no  recol- 
lection of  having  ever  found  a  ripe  fruit  which  was 


not  as  I  described  it.  What  I  am  now  growing  is  a 
self-sown  seedling  of  this  year  ;  it  may  be  that  the 
plant  varies  in  this  respect.  When  the  fruit  is  ripe  I 
will  send  you  it  in  that  condition.  Edmund  Tonks. 
[The  fruits  of  Passiflora  sent  are,  as  we  have  seen 
them  always,  dry  and  inflated.  There  is,  however,  a 
little  pulp  around  individual  seeds.  Ed,] 

Potato  Disease. — This,  I  fear,  will  be  bad  this 
year,  for,  though  we  have  had  a  dry  time,  which 
is  generally  considered  unfavourable  to  the  spread  of 
the  Oidium,  the  tops  of  many  kinds  of  Potatos  are 
showing  the  dreaded  spot  and  tainting  the  air  with 
the  odour  of  decomposition  :  and  no  doubt  when  we 
get  rain  or  a  moister  condition  of  the  atmosphere  the 
spread  of  the  disease  and  the  rot  which  follows  will 
be  rapid,  and  therefore  the  sooner  the  tubers  of  such 
sorts  as  are  fully  grown  are  out  of  the  ground  the 
better.  If  the  skins  are  not  quite  set  it  matters  but 
little  so  long  as  they  are  lifted  and  handled  carefully, 


and  laid  in  a  cool  dark  airy  place  till  wanted  for  use. 
Those  for  seed  may  be  left  out  for  a  few  days  to  get 
a  little  green  and  hardened,  but  not  to  that  extent 
one  sometimes  sees  them,  as  they  lose  too  much  of 
their  sap  and  vitality.  J.  Sheppard. 

Turner  Memorial  Prize.— I  met  at  the  Carna- 
tion show  Mr.  Glasscock,  of  Bishop's  Stortfotd,  who 
told  me  that  it  was  intended  to  raise  funds  for  the 
purpose  of  providing  certain  prizes  at  the  Grand 
National  Dahlia  show  as  a  memorial  of  the  late  Mr. 
Turner,  I  was  too  busy  to  take  any  notice  of  it  at 
the  time.  I  now  read  a  paragraph  in  most  of  the 
gardening  papers  that  subscriptions  may  be  sent  in  to 
the  Hon.  Treasurer,  Mr.  T.  Moore.  May  I  be 
allowed  to  say,  first,  that  sufficient  prizes  are  already 
offered  to  make  a  first-rate  Dahlia  show  in  the 
schedule  already  published,  and  if  larger  prizes  were 
offered  the  best  blooms  would  be  merely  shifted  from 
one  class  to  another — an  arrangement  which  would 
scarcely  make  any  difference  to  the  general  effect.  I 
wish  to  say,  in  the  second  Iplace,  that  raising  a  few 
pounds  to  provide  prizes  at  one  exhibition  for  Dahlias 
is  an  arrangement  totally  inadequate  to  provide  a 
memorial  lor  Charles  Turner.  Now  that  the  idea  of 
a  memorial  has  been  started  it  must  not  be  a  restricted 
affair,  as  this  promises  to  be,  but  a  national  one. 
In  order  to  carry  this  out  I  propose  tljat  a  preliminary 
meeting  be  held  ot  South  Kensington  on  August  11, 
immediately  after  the  variouscommittees  have  com- 
pleted their  labours,  which  will  be  at  12.30  p.m. 
The  name  of  Turner  is  honoured  and  respected  all 
over  the  country,  and  an  appeal  for  funds,  backed  up 
by  the  leading  horticulturists  of  the  metropolis,  would 
meet  with  universal  approval  and  support.  Jas. 
Douglas,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford. 

Will  you  allow  me  [space  to  remark  con- 
cerning a  proposal  made  by  Mr.  Douglas  in 
reference  to  the  Turner  Memorial  Prize  to  be 
offered  at  the  forthcoming  Dahlia  Show,  that  the 
latter  will  in  no  way  interfere  with  his  larger  scheme. 
It  is  specially  appropriate  as  an  acknowledgment  of 
what  Mr.  Turner  did  to  establish  that  show  ;  it  is 
prompt  as  to  time,  and,  moreover,  it  has  been  widely 
announced  both  in  the  Press  and  by  private  means. 
Why  attempt  to  disturb  it  ?  The  larger  scheme  could 
not  possibly  be  brought  to  any  satisfactory  head  before 
next  year,  and  should  be  established  as  a  permanent 
Memorial,  like  the  Veitch  Memorial,  whereas  the 
Dahlia  Memorial  Prize  is  to  be  offered  once  for  all.  I 
hold  several  subscriptions  towards  it,  and  hope  to 
receive  more  before  Tuesday  next,  when  the  sum  in 
hand  must  be  dealt  with,  and  the  nature  and  con- 
ditions of  the  prize  settled.  T.  Moore,  Hon.  Secretary, 
Dahlia  Show. 

Fungus    Poisonous    to     Pheasants. — In    my 

notice  of  this  subject  on  p.  148,  I  omitted  to  say  that 
Agaricus  fibrosus.  Sow.,  a  close  ally  of  the  plant 
described,  is — judging  by  its  deterrent  odour — also 
probably  poisonous.  Mr.  Mills'  fungus  presents  con- 
siderable resemblance  to  A.  fibrosus,  as  well  as  to  A. 
scaber.    W.  G.  S. 

Disease  in  Plants  —  I  enclose  a  Cockscomb 
affected  with  the  same  disease  as  the  Myrtle  which 
I  sent  to  you  about  twelve  months  ago,  when 
you  requested  me  to  send  you  another  specimen 
worse  affected.  I  had  not  one  in  a  worse  condition, 
I  thought  that  bad  enough — however,  perhaps  this 
plant  will  meet  that  description.  For  years  I  have 
been  unable  to  grow  a  healthy  Cockscomb,  the  same 
with  Capsicum,  and  many  other  plants.  I  notice 
that  the  Begonias  and  Fuchsias  at  Chiswick  are  very 
badly  affected  with  the  same  disease.  Mr.  Barron 
once  came  to  my  place  to  advise  me  on  the  disease, 
but  he  could  make  nothing  of  it,  nor  can  he  now  with 
his  own  experience.  It  is  a  very  formidable  disease, 
which  appears  to  me  to  be  spreading,  and  certainly 
demands  more  attention  on  the  part  of  scientific 
horticulturists  than  it  has  yet  received.  Edmund 
Tonks.  [We  shall  advert  to  this  later  on.   Ed.] 

Fertilisation  of  Passiflora. — I  have  a  Passiflora 
Buonapartea  which  at  the  present  moment  has  seven 
fruits  about  5  inches  in  length,  all  the  flowers  having 
been  fertilised  with  their  own  pollen  before  the  house 
had  been  opened  in  the  morning.  As  to  whether  the 
fruits  contain  perfect  seeds,  of  course  at  present  I 
cannot  say  ;  but  on  the  said  fruits  becoming  ripe  (if 
you  would  care  to  know)  I  will  let  you  know  the 
result — or,  what  would  be  better,  I  will  send  you  some 
of  the  seeds,  so  that  you  can  judge  for  yourself. 
.4.  y.  Hcmmerde. 


l82 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


Winter  and  Spring  Lettuces.— To  supply  the 
above  without  stint  during  the  winter  and  spring 
months  is  a  matter  of  no  small  importance.  Such 
has  been  ably  treated  in  your  columns  before  ;  still 
the  subject  is  so  urgent,  that  it  may  be  retold  with 
profit.  For  early  winter  supply  we  rely  on  such 
sorts  as  All-lhe-Year-Round  and  Tlick's  Hardy 
Cos,  which  are  sown,  say  in  the  middle  of  July,  then 
duly  pricked  out,  and  before  severe  frost  comes  on 
Ihey  are  lifted  carefully  and  planted  in  cold  frames. 
For  late  winter  and  spring  use  we  sow  the  first  and 
second  week  in  August :  Grosse  Blonde  d'Hiver,  Lee's 
Immense,  and  Hardy  Hammersmith,  are  the  varieties 
sown.  When  fit  to  prick  out  Ihey  are  put  three  rows 
in  a  4feet  bed,  in  clumps  ol  five,  to  be  covered 
with  cloches  or  French  bell-glasses,  as  the  season 
comes  round  that  Ihey  are  wanted  to  come  in.  In 
case  of  damp  they  are  to  be  lilted  up  a  little  from 
below.  The  cloches  are  invaluable  for  such  purposes, 
as  they  seem  lo  concentrate  the  light  during  the  dark 
days  of  winter.  We  find  Grosse  Blonde  d'Hiver 
Lettuces  to  be  most  excellent  for  the  above  purpose, 
as,  being  so  tender,  every  leaf  can  be  used,   L.  L. 

Phormium  tenax. — Doubtless  the  fine  waini 
summer  of  1S84  had  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the 
flowering  of  this  Australian  Flax,  in  ripening  up  the 
crowns  ;  here  we  have  a  plant  with  a  spike  quite 
12  feet  high  within  400  yards  of  the  sea.  H.  Carlcr, 
The  Gardens,  Downhill,  Colerahie. 

Cockscomb,  McLachlan's  Glasgow  Prize 
Dwarf  Crimson.  —  This  novelty,  sent  out  by 
Messrs.  Veilch,  of  Chelsea,  merits  all  that  has 
been  said  in  its  praise.  We  grew  an  early  batch  of 
two  dozen  for  carpet  bedding  ;  our  object  was  to 
grow  them  as  dwarf  as  possible.  Not  having  a  suit- 
able pit  or  frame  at  our  disposal,  Ihey  were  grown  on 
a  shelf  2  feet  from  the  glass  in  the  Melon-house, 
where  they  grew  with  great  vigour,  showing  a  dwarf, 
compact  habit.  After  the  combs  developed  they 
were  the  admiration  of  all  who  saw  them,  the  colour 
being  of  such  a  brilliant  deep  crimson,  the  plants 
being  at  the  same  time  of  a  uniform  size.  Several 
weeks  ago,  after  selecting  what  we  required  for  bed- 
ding, three  which  were  of  a  superior  quality  to  the 
others  were  placed  in  an  intermediate  house  amongst 
some  Adiantums,  &c.  To-day  duly  27)  we  measured 
them  ;  the  first  was  2  feet  3  inches  from  tip  to  tip, 
lOo  inches  in  breadth,  and  7^  inches  high  from  the 
rim  of  the  pot  ;  the  tips  meet  within  I^  inch.  The 
dimensions  of  the  other  two  are  not  so  good.  The 
above  are  in  7-inch  pots.  Had  the  above  pots  had  a 
more  generous  treatment  the  dimensions  would  have 
been  larger.  We  were  told  to-day  by  a  veteran 
Cockscomb  grower  of  forty  years'  standing  they  were 
the  best  strain  he  had  seen.  iVillam  Kettlewell,  The 
Gardens,  Balralh  Barry. 

Campanula  Hendersoni.— Id  the  Gardeneis' 
Chronicle  for  July  21,  18S3,  p.  75,  are  several  remarks 
upon  this  interesting  Campanula.  Firstly,  Mr.  Wolley 
Dod  supposes  it  to  have  originated  from  a  cross  be- 
tween C  carpatica  and  C.  pyramidalis,  and  the  Editor 
says  it  is  stated  to  be  C.  turbinata  ;■:  C.  alliarifolia. 
Mr.  E.  Jenkins  has  a  note  on  the  same  page  in  which 
he  doubts  if  C.  pyramidalis  played  any  part  in  this 
plant,  because  he  found  it  lacking  in  vigour.  Now  we 
have  lately  had  a  new  Campanula  sent  out  by  an 
Irish  firm  under  the  name  of  C.  Tymonsii,  a  hybrid 
raised  by  the  Rev.  C.  Tymons,  of  Cloghran.  It  was 
stated  to  be  a  natural  hybrid  between  C.  turbinata  and 
C.  pyramidalis,  and  quite  intermediate  between  these 
two  most  distinct  species;  of  low  bushy  pyramidal 
growth,  and  blooming  profusely  all  through  the  sea- 
son ;  colour  clear  blue,  paler  in  the  centre  (see  the 
Nmiry  Catalogue,  p.  S).  Now  this  proves  to  be 
exactly  the  same  plant  as  C.  Hendersoni,  sent  out 
many  years  previously,  and  it  therefore  confirms  Mr. 
Wolley  Dod's  original  surmise,  as  there  is  very  little 
difference  indeed  between  C.  turbinata  and  C.  car- 
patica. One  thing  is,  I  think,  quite  certain,  viz., 
that  C.  alliarifolia  had  nothing  whatever  to  do  with 
C.  Hendersoni.  The  leaf  and  habit  of  that  plant 
are  altogether  differing.    IV.  Biockiank. 

A  Nice  Point. — A  somewhat  curious  question 
affecting  exhibitors  at  flower  shows  was  submitted  to 
me  a  few  days  ago,  with  the  request  that  I  would,  as 
far  as  I  could,  express  an  authoritative  opinion  upon 
it.  At  a  flower  show  there  was  a  class  for  a  group 
of  plants  arranged  for  effect.     The  prizes  were  good, 


and  there  appears  to  have  been  a  keen  competition 
in  this  particular  class  among  the  gardeners  residing 
in  the  neighbourhood.  The  awards  were  duly  made, 
and  later  in  the  day  a  protest  was  lodged  against  the 
awarding  of  the  1st  prize  on  Ihe  ground  that  the  cul- 
tivator of  the  plants  had  engaged  some  one  outside  of 
his  own  garden  to  arrange  his  group  for  him,  and  it 
was  surmised,  if  not  asserted,  that  he  who  had 
arranged  had  at  one  time  been  engaged  in  this  work 
while  serving  a  firm  of  well  known  floral  decorators 
in  London.  The  point  submitted  to  me  was  this  : 
Did  the  employment  of  an  outsider  contravene  the 
regulations  of  the  schedule  of  prizes.'  The 
class  was  set  forth  as  follows :—"  A  group 
of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  to  fill  a  space  of 
120  superficial  feel  ;  a  tasteful  arrangement  lo  be 
primarily  regarded  by  the  judges."  It  will  be  ob- 
served that  the  way  of  stating  the  conditions  of  the 
class  does  not  assert  that  the  cultivator  is  required  to 
arrange  what  he  sets  up  for  competition,  though,  it 
may  safely  be  stated,  this  is  generally  understood. 
The  rules  and  regulations  governing  exhibitors  slate 
that  "  All  articles  exhibited  for  prizes  must  have  been 
grown  by  and  have  been  thefiroperty  of  the  exhibitor, 
and  in  his  possession  at  least  two  months  previous  to 
the  day  of  exhibition  ;"  and  further,  that  there  "  must 
not  be  the  exercise  of  any  artifice  to  deceive  the 
judges,  or  attempts  to  gain  prizes  by  unfair  means.' 
On  consideration,  I  thought  the  generally  understood 
spirit  of  the  regulations  had  been  violated,  because  it 
is  an  invariably  recognised  principle  that  an  exhibitor 
arranges  his  or  her  exhibits  ;  but  no  letter  of  the  law 
hid  been  transgressed.  I  could  not  say  that  the 
exhibitor  had  employed  artifice  in  order  to  deceive  ihe 
judges  ;  nor  dare  I  assert  that  there  had  been  an 
attempt  to  gain  a  prize  by  unfair  means.  I  therefore 
recommended  that  the  decision  of  the  judges  should 
be  allowed  to  stand,  but  suggested  that  in  the 
future  a  proviso  should  set  forth  that  the  cultivator  of 
the  plants,  or  one  of  his  assistants,  should  be  required 
to  arrange  the  subjects  forming  the  group.  I  think  it 
not  unlikely  Ihat  some— perhaps  many— will  be  dis- 
posed to  dissent  from  this  decision  ;  but  it  was  not  made 
until  the  facts  of  the  case  had  been  carefully  weighed. 
And  I  was  greatly  comforted  in  respect  to  my  decision 
by  what  I  witnessed  at  the  exhibition  of  the  National 
Carnation  and  Ficotee  Society,  at  South  Kensington, 
on  (he  2Sth  ult.  I  saw  a  well-known  cultivator, 
raiser,  and  exhibitor  of  Carnations  and  Picotees — 
who  I  believe  afterwards  acted  as  one  of  the  judges — 
dressing  the  flowers  of  a  brother  exhibitor.  This  is, 
I  have  no  doubt,  an  occasional  practice  at  exhibitions 
of  this  description  and  sanctioned  by  usage.  But  I 
could  not  see  the  slightest  difference  between  the  two 
cases — there  was  in  each  the  employment  of  extra- 
neous aid  to  give  effect  to  the  exhibit  ;  only  it  might 
be  said  that  the  act  of  dressing  Carnations  and 
Picotees  gives  an  artificial  value  to  the  flowers,  but 
this  can  scarcely  be  said  of  the  mere  act  of  grouping 
plants.  Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  will  give  their  opinions  on  the  two  cases. 
R.  Dean,  Ealing:,  IV. 

Valerianella  eriocarpa,  Desv. — A  correspondent 
has  sent  a  Valerianella  badly  affected  with  a  fungus, 
and  asking  if  the  parasite  is  a  Peronospora.  The 
curious  point  is  this:  Valerianella  dentata.  Poll.,  Koch, 
or  Deitr.  was  growing  [.lenlifully  in  the  neighbour- 
hood without  the  parasite,  but  wherever  the  fungus 
was  detected  Ihe  host  plant  appeared  to  be  V.  erio- 
carpa, Uesv.  The  change  in  appearance  wasentirely 
brought  about  by  the  fungus  growth.  Qu,cre.  Were 
the  plants  found  by  Mr.  E.  Lees  in  Worcestershire, 
and  reff  rred  by  him  to  V.  eriocarpa,  Desv.  (according 
to  Babington),  mere  fungus-attacked  forms  of  V. 
dentata  ?  I  venture  to  think  this  is  very  probable,  and 
that  V.  eriocarpa  will  have  to  be  expunged  from  our 
Floras  even  as  a  mere  "  reputed  casual."  Thejfungus 
which  caused  the  transformation  was  OiJium  Bal- 
samii,  not  Peronospora  Valerianella.  Wooliness  and 
hairiness  in  plants  often  follows  the  attacks  of  both 
fungi  and  insects.     IV.  G.  Siiiilh. 

Industrial  Exhibitions  at  Flower  Shows.— It 
is  customary  in  the  case  of  some  flower  shows  about 
the  country  to  have  what  is  known  as  an  industrial 
department,  in  which  prizes  are  ofl'ered  to  cottagers, 
their  wives,  and  daughters,  for  examples  of  needle- 
work—many different  objects  being  required,  such  as 
underclothing,  children's  frocks,  stockings,  hearthrugs, 
patchwork,  patches  of  calico,  darned  stockings  and 
linen  ;  prizes  are  also  offered  for  children  under  fifteen 


years  of  age,  while  another  division  isfor  children  under 
ten.  The  male  head  or  member  of  the  family  is  en- 
couraged to  send  specimens  of  cottage  handicraft  or 
other  industrial  work  done  in  leisure  hours,  other 
than  that  which  belongs  to  a  man's  own  trade.  Prizes 
are  offered  to  the  wives  of  cottagers  for  home-baked 
bread,  plum  cakes,  fruit  and  jam  tarts,  jam,  &:c.  Itdoes 
not  appear  to  be  necessary  that  the  prizes  be  of  large 
amounts,  at  the  same  time  they  should  be  high  enough 
to  encourage  competition.  Such  an  exhibition  as  this 
has  recently  been  held  in  connection  with  the  Warwick 
Amateurs'  and  Cottagers'  Horticultural  Socieiy,  which 
took  place  in  the  exhibition  buildings  at  Warwick  on 
the  29lh  ult.  This  department  was  managed  by  a 
committee  of  ladies,  a  few  of  whom  formed  them- 
selves into  a  jury  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the 
exhibits  and  making  the  awards.  At  Warwick,  not- 
withstanding this  was  only  the  second  exhibition  of 
such  industries,  a  large  number  of  articles,  especiallyjn 
the  way  of  needlework,  were  shown  ;  and  the  stands 
appeared  to  interest  the  company  greatly.  Some 
managers  of  flower  shows  might  doubtless  be  disposed 
to  look  upon  such  an  addition  to  their  exhibitions  in 
the  light  of  a  startling  innovation,  but  it  is  a  matter 
of  high  practical  importance,  and  in  the  case  of 
cottager  exhibitors,  it  is  well,  while  the  head  of  Ihe 
family  is  encouraged  to  till  and  keep  his  cottage  or 
allotment  garden  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  that  the 
female  members  of  the  family  may  also  be  stimulated 
to  rise  to  a  higher  level  of  excellence  in  regard  to 
domestic  pursuits.  Some  of  Ihe  goods  are  ticketed 
according  to  their  value,  and  sales  take  place,  though, 
as  in  the  case  of  plants,  &c. ,  the  exhibits  are  not  re- 
moved until  the  close  of  the  shows.  The  practice 
appears  to  be  a  beneficial  one,  and  worthy  of  wider 
application.   A'.  D. 

Royal  Horticultural  First-class  Certificates. 
— There  is  something  ludicrous  in  the  way  in  which 
some  hardy  herebaceous  plants,  after  having  been  for 
several  years  common  both  in  nurseries  and  private 
gardens  where  such  plants  are  cultivated,  and  having 
been  rejected  by  some  and  retained  by  others,  at  last 
find  their  way  to  a  committee  of  the  lioyal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  and  are  rewarded  with  a  First  class 
Certificate  as  novellies.  I  always  look  at  the  record 
of  certificales  given,  in  the  hope — a  forlorn  one — of 
sometimes  finding  something  new ;  and  not  unfre- 
quently  I  see  that  plants  which  I  have  long  discarded 
as  worthless  have  been  honoured  by  a  certificate, 
though  I  freely  admit  both  Ihat  people  have  a  right  to 
differ  in  taste,  and  that  difference  of  soil  and  climate 
may  make  a  great  difference  in  the  merit  of  a  plant. 
In  illustration  to  what  I  have  said,  I  read  on  page  152 
of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  that  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Rogal  Horticultural  Sociely,  on  July  28,  three,  and 
only  three  hardy  herbaceous  plants  received  First-class 
Certificates.  The  first  is  called  Dracocephalum 
virginicum  album.  I  presume  the  plant  meant  is  the 
white  variety  of  one  of  the  many  forms  of  Physoslegia 
virginiana  (Asa  Gray,  SynopHcal  Flora  of  A'oith 
America,  vol.  ii.,  part  i,  p-  3S3).  The  best  garden  form 
of  this  very  polymorphous  plant,  of  which  I  have 
had,  including  the  so-called  white,  four  distinct  forms, 
is  figured  in  Sweet's  British  Flo^^ver  Garden,  tab.  93,  as 
Dracocephalum  speciosum.  A  white  variety  of  this 
form  has  been  distributed  from  the  nurseries  of  Messrs. 
Dickson,  of  Chester,  and  Messrs.  Sutton,  of  Reading, 
and  probably  others,  for  the  last  five  years,  and  is  cer- 
tainly in  many  Cheshire  gardens.  If  this  is  the  plant 
intended — and  I  think  it  can  be  no  other — I  certainly 
should  not  call  it  of  first-class  merit.  But  however 
this  may  be,  it  should  at  any  rate  have  been  certified 
under  its  right  name,  which  is  Physostegia  virginiana 
var.  speciosa  flore-albo.  The  second  plant  is  Cam- 
panula Hendersoni.  This  is  a  garden  hybrid  between 
C.  carpatica  and  probably  C.  pyramidalis,  which  I, 
and  many  of  my  gardening  friends,  have  cultivated  for 
at  least  six  years.  It  has  also  been  commonly  offered 
in  nursery  catalogues  during  that  time.  It  flowers  so 
freely  as  almost  to  simulate  a  biennial  habit,  and  is 
easily  lost,  so  that  few  nurserymen  will  be  at  the 
trouble  of  keeping  it.  It  had  begun  to  get  rather 
scarce  when  it  recently  reappeared  from  Ireland  as  a 
novelty  under  the  name  of  C.  Tymonsi,  by  which 
name  it  will  probably  receive  another  certificate  in  a 
few  years  more.  Lastly  we  have  Helenium  pumilum, 
one  of  the  many  forms  and  names  by  which  H. 
autumnale  has  for  long  been  offered  to  us.  If  it  had 
been  a  novelty,  a  better  name  than  pumilum  might 
have  been  found,  as  it  grows  in  good  soils  more  than 
two   feet   high,     I  consider  it  a  fairly  good  garden 


August  8,  iS 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


183 


plant,  though  some  of  the  visitors  ''cannot  admire 
those  horrid  yellow  Daisies  with  round  buttons  in  the 
middle  of  the  flower."  It  entail?,  too,  a  good  deal  of 
weeding,  as  it  runs  about  the  bed  like  the  garden 
variety  of  Anemone  jiponica.  At  any  rate  it  has  no 
claim  at  all  to  be  considered  a  novelty  in  gardens 
C.  Wollcy  Dod,  Ea:::,c  Hall,  Malpas,  Aw^iisi  i. 
[It  is  right  to  say  that  the  plants  are  certiticated,  not 
necessarily  as  novelties,  but  if  they  are  shown  in  good 
condition,  so  as  to  take  the  fancy  of  the  commiltee, 
and  have  not  previously  been  certificated,  they  re- 
ceive an  award  by  vote  of  the  members  present.  In 
the  case  of  the  Helenium  the  ordinary  form  was 
ihown  for  comparison  with  the  new  variety,  and  the 
latter  was  so  far  superior  that  it  obtained  an  award 
which  probably  the  original  plant  would  not  have 
gained.  Report€rJ\ 

A  Specialist's  Garden. — Aim  high  throughout 
is  a  good  maxim  in  gardening,  and  the  more  it  is 
exercised  the  more  evident  is  the  corollary,  Aim  at  a 
limited  highest.  Colonel  Powell,  ol  Dnnkstone,  near 
Bury  St.  EJmunds,  intends  that  Orchids,  Roses,  and 
Grapes  should  be  the  specialties  of  his  garden.  Mr. 
Palmer,  his  gardener,  carries  out  his  wishes,  so  that 
they  really  are  remarkable  even  in  these  days  of 
testing  and  competition.  It  is  a  bad  time  now  of 
course  to  look  over  Orchids.  The  gem  of  the  Dnnk- 
stone collection  — I  mean  of  those  in  fluwer — is  the 
rare  Sobralia  xantholeuca.  The  plant  there  is  pro- 
bably one  of  the  largest  in  the  country,  and  is  still 
continuing  to  make  vigorous  growths.  The  three 
sepals  are  of  a  light  cream  colour,  the  petals,  two 
in  number,  are  of  a  similar  tint,  but  much  lighter  ; 
the  labellum  is  canary  shading  down  to  pure  while 
at  the  edges,  the  surface  is  wavy,  and  the  rim 
charmingly  crimpled.  Dedrobium  Devonianum  is 
subjected  to  cool  treatment,  and  flowers  and  prospers 
well.  Mr.  Palmer,  who  knows  Cornwall  well,  and 
its  more  favoured  spots,  such  as  the  Fal  valley, 
suggested  that  Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus  might 
perhaps  be  grown  without  any  artificial  heat  at  all  in 
that  county.  Have  any  of  your  correspondents  tried  ? 
A  plant  of  Odontoglossum  pulchellum  was  carrying 
two  well-developed  .^eed-pods.  The  little  Heaths 
and  Ferns  which  grow  up  from  the  sphagnum  moss 
are  left,  and  care  is  even  taken  to  insert  various  little 
things,  such  as  Streptocarpus  biflorus.  It  would  be 
well  if  this  kind  of  thing  were  more  frequently  done, 
and  also  to  try  and  tame  little  Jenny  Wrens  to  flit 
about  the  plants.  In  a  cool  fernery,  unhealed,  I 
believe,  Nertera  depressa  is  extremely  well  grown  on 
pillars  of  slag,  stone,  or  clinkers.  The  secret  appears 
to  be  to  bed  the  plants  on  moss.  It  is  a  great  mis- 
take to  coddle  Todea  pellucida  ;  it  will  even  bear 
being  frozen.   C,  A.  M.  6\ 

What  is  a  "  Border  Carnation  ? " — As  I 
have  hitherto  understood,  a  border  Carnation  is 
planted  out  permanently  during  winter  in  a  bed  or 
border,  and  flowers  the  succeeding  summer.  I  have 
read  carefully  the  description  of  the  splendid  collec- 
tion of  Messrs.  Veitch  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
and  your  contemporaries,  but  have  since  been  informed 
these  mcst  desirable  city  flowers  were  housed  during 
the  winter,  and  would  therefore  [not  be  "  border  Car- 
nations "  in  the  ordinary  acceptation.  I  do  not  make 
this  reference — if  true — to  in  any  way  detract  from  the 
splendid  show  of  them  at  Chelsea,  but  to  draw  atten- 
tion to  a  point  that  would  probably  be  a  sine  qua  non 
towards  attaining  the  same  success  in  most  parts  of 
the  British  Isles,  as  every  Carnation  will  not  equally 
succeed  permanently  planted  out,  W»  J,  M.y  Clon' 
mel. 

The  Rating  of  Nurseries.  —  I  was  pleased  to  see 
an  account  of  the  Finchley  rating  case  in  the 
Chronicle  last  week.  As  this  is  a  matter  of  import- 
ance to  market  growers  round  London— and,  indeed, 
everywhere  they  are  situated  in  Local  Board  districts 
— it  is  a  good  opportunity  to  fix  the  principle,  and 
make  it  known  to  the  gardening  world.  I  may  say 
that  our  Board  have  decided  not  to  appeal,  although 
it  may  perhaps  at  some  other  time  arise  in  another 
part  of  the  country.  The  points  that  might  be  re- 
marked upon  are,  first,  the  illogical  contention  that 
glasshouses  whenever  in  the  form  of  vineries  or  green- 
houses are  not  part  and  parcel  of  a  market-garden  or 
nursery  ground  and  necessary  adjuncts  thereto ; 
secondly,  the  unfairness  of  such  places  contributing 
to  the  general  district  rates,  which  are  used  solely  for 
sewerage,  curbing,  lighting,  &c.,  in  an  equal  manner 


as  dwelling-houses.  In  my  own  case  the  nett  an- 
nual value  is  arrived  at — as  indeed  in  all  assess^ 
ments — in  the  same  manner  as  dwelling-houses,  and 
it  must  be  unfair  for  them  to  contribute  equally  while 
the  benefits  are  unequal.  Peter  E.  Kay, 


INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 
EXHIBITION  :  Antwerp,  August  2—6. 
This  great  J;ath»ring  of  horticulturists,  which  was 
intended  to  be — as  its  title  designates — an  interna- 
tional affair,  but  which  in  reality  was  an  exhibi- 
tion of  the  horticultural  treasures  of  the  Nether- 
lands, with  an  insignificant  contingent  from  France 
and  Germany,  forms  a  portion  of  the  greater  Interna- 
tiona! Exhibition  of  Antwerp  which  was  inaugurated 
in  May  last.  This  last  is,  perhaps,  as  regards 
completeness,  one  of  the  best  which  has  been 
held  in  Europe,  and  in  so  far  as  the  machinery 
productions  of  Belgium  stand  unequalled,  so 
the  gardening  exhibits  are  thoroughly  worthy  to 
to  be  associated  with  them.  As  is  well  known,  the 
large  trade  establishments  of  Ghent,  Antwerp, 
Haarlem,  and  Liege,  possess  unrivalled  collections, 
especially  rich  in  Palms,  Cycads,  Anlhuriums,  Cro- 
tons,  and  Dracaenas  ;  and  we  found  these  fine  plants 
brought  out  in  great  numbers,  and  cither  exhibited  as 
decorative  objects,  without  being  intended  for  compe- 
tition, or  else  were  shown  for  honours.  Notwith- 
standing the  choicest  groups  of  foliage  plifnts,  i&c,  was 
the  property  of  a  lady  at  Antwerp,  and  Madame  Le 
Grelle  D'Hanis,  and  ihe  next  best  came  fromM.Vander 
Wouwer  of  the  same  town.  The  flowering  section  of 
the  show  was  perhaps  its  weakest  side,  the  late  season 
of  the  year  having  fewer  first-class  flowering  plants  to 
compare  with  the  months  of  May  and  June  —  Lilies, 
Pelargoniums,  zonal  and  Ivy-leaved,  Orchids,  tuberous 
Begonias,  and  Carnations,  forming  the  bulk  of  these. 
Other  flowering  plants,  which  appeared  occasionally  in 
competing  and  other  groups,  consisted  in  many  in- 
stances of  species  which  it  is  unusual  to  ^nd  in  our 
less  varied  if  more  brilliant  collections,  and  which  will 
be  noticed  in  their  proper  place.  We  may  perceive 
from  this  that  our  Continental  brethren  are  by  no 
means  so  gregarious  as  we,  as  any  plant  which  has  a 
decorative  value,  and  which  may  be  improved  by  cul- 
ture, is  pressed  into  the  service  uf  the  gardener. 
There  is  one  matter  in  which  the  gardeners  there 
might  take  a  useful  lesson  from  the  converted  prac- 
titioners here,  and  that  is  in  the  matter  of  training 
their  plants.  We  noticed  the  same  stiff  and  unnatural 
system  of  tying-in  closely  all  the  shoots  so  as  to 
make  formal-looking  balls,  balloons,  pyramids,  &c., 
that  for  so  many  years  appeared  the  best  of  all  pos- 
sible methods  among  English  gardeners.  Given  a  lot  of 
tight-laced  plants  and  place  them  almost  as  contiguous 
as  it  is  possible,  and  an  arrangement  exists  that  is 
anything  but  pleasing  to  our  taste.  Foliage  plants 
seldom  need  much  attention  in  this  respect,  and  so 
escape  the  ill-treatment  meted  out  to  the  others,  and 
it  must  be  confessed  that  here  the  Continental  growers 
excel. 

New  Plants  introduced  into  Belgium  since 
1882. 

The  ist  prize  for  these,  a  Gold  Medal,  given  by  the 
King,  was  won  by  MM.  jakob-Makoy  &  Co.,  nurserymen, 
Liege;  the  group  consisted  of  the  loUowing  ;— Dieffen- 
bachia  Regina,  a  native  of  Colombia,  18S3,  the  leaves 
dark  green,  with  paler  markings  over  the  larger  part  ; 
Dieffenbachia  Jenmani,  from  British  Guiana,  1884,  dark 
green  foliage,  with  blotches  of  pure  white  on  each  secon- 
dary rib— the  habit  is  distinctly  climbing  :  a  useful 
decorative  plant  ;  Nidulanum  acanthocrater,  Brazil,  1884 
— the  inflorescence  is  rosy-red,  with  leaves  short  and 
broad  ;  K?empferia  Gilberti,  East  Indies,  1882— a  pretty 
sub-stove  shrub  with  lanceolate  foliage  of  green  mar- 
gined with  white ;  Philodendron  Sodiroi.  Ecuador,  1883, 
having  a  cordate  leaf  of  light  and  dark  tints  of  green, 
the  habit  in  the  plant  seen  being  dwarf  and  compact  ; 
Croton  Witterianus,  Dutch  Indies,  1885— dark  green 
leaf  entire,  above  ordinary  size,  possessing  a  yellow  mid- 
rib, and  same  coloured  blotches — it  is  a  distinct-looking 
species  ;  Alocasia  Van  Houltei,  Indian  Archipelago, 
1883,  with  leaves  cordate,  the  leaf-stalks  light  green,  with 
a  marbled  appearance  ;  Alocasia  Sanderiana,  Indian  Ar- 
chipelago, 1884,  with  sagitate  foliage,  the  midribs 
and  secondary  ones  being  tinged  greenish-white — the 
leaves  are  coarsely  dentate,  the  plant  is  showy  and 
striking,  but  not  altogether  ple.-ising  ;  Alocasia  Bernard!, 
Borneo,  1885,  with  large  sagitate  leaves,  the  ribs  of 
which  are  all  coloured  white  ;  Leea  amabilis  splendens, 
Borneo,    1884,    with    dark    green,    serrate,    lanceolate 


foliage  of  a  bronzy  green  and  narrow  white  markings 
on  the  midrib  ;  Cryptanthus  Regeli,  Brazil,  1885,  a  Bro- 
meliaceous  plant  with  marbled  foliage  light  and  dark  green, 
the  margins  of  leaf  being  spiny  ;  Brocchinia  demerarien- 
sis,  British  Guiana,  1885,  also  a  Bromeliad,  with  foliage 
long  and  broad,  boldly  channelled— a  striking  plant  ; 
Piper  ornatum,  Malacca,  1885,  described  in  Gzr- 
deners  Chro7ucle,  August  1,  1885  ;  Carludovica  rubri- 
caulis,  New  Granada,  1885,  foliage  long,  entire,  of 
a  cheerful  tint — the  plant  was  young,  and  the 
foliage  too  little  characteristic  ;  Aralia  Kerchovjana, 
South  Sea  Islands,  1883,  an  elegant  small-growing 
species,  with  palmate  foliage,  the  leaflets  being  of  con- 
siderable length  and  serrated  at  the  edge  ;  Hoplophytum 
robustum  fob  var.,  a  Bromeliad,  with  recurved  foliage 
on  which  are  longitudinal  green  and  white  bands — a 
,  pretty  plant  that  will  become  a  favourite  when  plentiful  ; 
Schismatoglottis  decora  Wittiana,  Borneo,  1885,  a  dwarf 
tropical  herb  with  greyish-green  marbling  on  the  leaf  ; 
DichorisandraSieberti,  Brazil,  18S4,  foliage obtuselanceo- 
late,  of  dark  green  with  broad  bands  of  greenish-white 
running  longitudinally—a  distinct  plant  of  some  merit; 
Pandanus  discolor,  India,  1884,  has  foliage  of  a  dark 
green  tint,  light  brown  on  the  underside,  and  in  young 
plants  seems  of  considerable  length — theedgesareserrated 
as  in  Pandanads  generally  ;  Selaginella  cognata,  India, 
1S84,  of  arboreal  habit  wlien  not  a  climber,  fronds  dark 
green  and  much  divided  when  young — a  pretty  species  ; 
Philodendron  Maurei,  Eucador,  1883,  cordate  foliage, 
darkish  green  with  light  markings. 

M.  Louis  van  Houtte,  Ghent,  was  awarded  the  2d 
prize  for  twenty-five  new  plants,  consisting  of  the 
following  : — Alocasia  Van  Houttei,  a  robust  example, 
with  foliage  2|  feet  by  2  feet  ;  Selagineya  grandis.  1883  ; 
Heliconia  metaUica,  a  plant  with  Canna-like  foliage, 
bronzy  in  colour,  with  midrib  brown  ;  Schismatoglottis 
crispata  purpurea,  1883,  a  stove  herb  with  leaf  greyish- 
green  in  the  centre,  the  margin  being  of  a  lively  green 
and  the  habit  dwarf  ;  Auihurium  splendidum,  1883,  with 
(oUage  cordate-pustulate,  of  two  shades  of  green  ;  Alocasia 
Regina,  a  striking  plant  of  a  grey  metaUic  lustre  on  the 
upper  surface,  ribs  of  dark  green,  leaf-stalk  bright  green 
with  thinly-scattered  black  points,  the  under-surface  of 
the  leaf  being  of  a  crimson  colour — an  acquisition  of 
much  merit  ;  Dieffenbachia  magnifica,  1883,  of  robust 
habit,  leaf  green,  with  numerous  white  blotches  ;  Ardisia 
picta,  1885,  a  plant  too  young  to  speak  with  confidence 
of ;  the  leaves  are  silvery-green  in  centre  and  on  the 
margin,  whilst  the  rest  of  the  leaf  is  bronzy-green  ; 
Gymnogramina  schizophylla  var.  gloriosa,  1885,  a 
graceful  fern  ;  Anthurium  Ciustavi,  with  immense  foliage 
at  least  3  feet  by  2  feet,  and  leaf-stalk  of  x\  inch  in  dia- 
meter, which  is  corrugated  :  the  leaf  is  of  a  green  colour ; 
Tillandsia  Eeckhautei,  marbled  green  foliage,  the  central 
portion  of  the  plant  being  violet-rose ;  Pritchardia  grandis, 
1885  ;  Phcenix  gracillima,  1884,  an  elegant  Palm  ;  Also- 
philla  RebeccEe,  a  species  with  fronds  long  and  slender, 
colour  dark  green ;  Tillandsia  hieroglyphica.  with  marbled 
foliage — a  handsome  species  ;  Pandanus  D'baeni,  a  dark 
green  variety,  dark  green  foliage,  with  mealiness  on  the 
lower  surface  of  leaf.  Some  of  the  plants  shown  by  M, 
Van  Houtte  were  found  in  M.  J.  Makoy's  collection, 
and  were  there  described.  M.  Aug.  van  Geert,  Ghent, 
showed  likewise  a  collection  of  new  plants,  almost  similar 
as  regarded  species  and  varieties  to  those  mentioned 
previously.  Other  than  those  we  may  name  Encepha- 
lartos  Thielickei,  Transvaal,  1885.  an  imposing-looking 
plant  ;  Tillandsia  Pasluchofliana,  Brazil,  1885. 

For  flowering  or  non-flowering  plants  introduced  for 
exhibition  into  Belgium,  but  not  yet  in  commerce, 
shown  by  MM.  }akob-Makoy  &  Co.,  were  Alocasia 
Closoni,  Cryptanthus  Lubbersi,  Dieffenbachia  gemmata, 
Eugenia  elegantissima,  Hoplophytum  robustum  foliis- 
variegatum,  and  Schismatoglottis  Watteana,  all  being 
introductions  of  the  present  year.  MM.  Makoy  &  Co. 
took  the  ist  prize  for  a  collection  of  three  plants  of  recent 
introduction,  but  not  yet  in  commerce,  consisting  of 
Anthurium  loricatum,  Colombia,  1885  ;  Ka;mpleria  spec- 
tabilis,  India,  1885  ;  and  Schismatoglottis  rotundifolia, 
Borneo,  1885. 

For  a  collection  of  twelve  species  of  New  Palms, 
shown  by  nurserymen,  M.  Aug.  van  Geert  took  the  ist 
prize,  and  M^  D'hcene,  Ghent,  the  2d.  In  the  first  were 
Thrinax  graminifolia,  Phoenix  graminifolia,  P.  hybrida, 
a  robust  growing  species  ;  Calamus  calocarpus,  an 
elegant  Palm,  with  spiny  leaf-stalk  ;  Williamsi  speciosa, 
Cocos  flexuosa,  Licuala  grandis,  broad  entire  foliage,  at 
least  in  the  young  state  ;  Kentia  Massangeana,  Prit- 
chardia grandis,  Acanthophoenix  Houtteana,  a 
plant  of  an  elegant  pendulous  habit ;  Phcenix  Anderson!, 
of  similar  habit  to  the  preceding,  but  with  numerous 
leaflets.  M.  D'hasne  was  the  winner  also  of  the  ist  prizes 
for  a  collection  of  twenty  Palms,  and  for  a  collection  of 
twelve  Palms— good  examples  of  cultivation.  Zamia 
tonkinensis,  a  slender,  light  green-coloured  Cycadaceous 
plant  ;  and  Pandanus  D'hcenei  were  exhibited  as  new. 

In  a  class  for  new  plants  not  as  yet  in  the  Belgian 
trade,  we  noticed  Maranta  Arriatii.  shown  by  MM. 
Jacob-Makoy  &  Co.,  with  slender,  narrow  foliage  ot 
greyish-green,  6  inches  in  length  and  i  inch  wide, 
the  habit  of  growth  apparently  low  ;  Dieffenbachia 
aureo-variegata,  a  white-blotched  leaf,  one-half  the  leaf 
being  sometimes  white,  and  the  other  green.  And 
among  plants  remarkable  for  their  foliage  was  a  Clivia 
with  distinctly  creamy  variegation  on  the  foliage  ;  and 
in  the  same  class  was  Phormium  tenax  roseum  pictum, 
the  variegation  being  of  pleasing  character ;  Croton 
Prince  Baudouin,  Tradescantia  alba  vittata.  Begonia 
M.  De  Cock,  Areca  Bausei  variegata,  Dracaena  Veitchii 
aureo-variegata,  with  white-striped  foliage.  Of  open-air 
plants  of  a  notable  character  shown  was  Picea  pungens, 
of  Californian  origin,  the  needles  of  blue-grey,  and  habit 
very  compact,  not  to  say  stunted,  but  the  specimens 
having  been  grown  in  a  pot,  the  style  of  growth  could 
not  be  ascertained  with  cerlainty. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1885. 


Ferns,  New  and  Rare, 

Of  these,  the  prizes  for  which  fell  ist  to  M.  Van  Geert, 
Ghent,  and  the  2d  to  Messrs.  Wallem  &  Son,  there 
were  Adiantum  dolabriforme  var.  obovata,  with  slender, 
wiry  black  frond-stalks,  the  pinnules  oval,  and 
arranged  at  wide  distances  apart  :  Pteris  ternata,  a 
small,  upright  grower  ;  Gynotheca  Raddiana  crenata, 
of  robust  habit,  fronds  of  much  substance,  of  a 
dark  green  colour  ;  Osmunda  javanica,  Adianlum 
rhodophyllum,  Davallia  fijiensis  plumosa,  and  dense 
habited  species,  with  thick  hairy  rhizomes  running  on 
the  surface  of  the  soil  ;  Haemadictionum  marginatum,  a 
coarse-fronded  species,  the  pinnae  being  quite  9  inches 
in  length  and  2  inches  in  width,  the  total  length  of  frond 
being  6  feet ;  a  variety  of  Pteris  serrulata  named 
Ouvrandi,  the  fronds  of  which  are  often  crested — it  is  a 
distinct  and  pretty  kind  ;  Platycerium  Hilli,  a  Fern  differ- 
ing from  the  other  Elkhorn  species  by  the  tronds  being 
of  abnormal  height ;  and,  lastly,  Adianlum  cuneatura 
strict  um. 

Orchids. 

Of  these  plants  three  collections  were  shown,  and  if 
the  plants,  taken  as  a  whole,  were  smaller  than  we  are 
accustomed  to  see  here,  yet  they  were  well  grown  and 
flowered  and  exceptionally  clean.  The  best  groups  were 
not  staged  for  competition,  but  one  or  two  smaller 
groups  were  so  entered. 

In  the  non-competing  groups,  among  which  that  of  M. 
Peeters,  Brussels,  was  specially  remarkable,  plants  of  the 
following  were  noticed  : — Odontoglossum  vexillarium 
Lehmanni,  O.  Alexandree.O.  luteo-purpureum,  O.  Alexan- 
drce  TrianEe,  with  two  spikes  ;  many  Cypripediums,  as 
Stonei,  with  eight  blooms  ;  Curtisi,  Morganioe,  which  is 
the  first  plant  having  flowered  in  Belgium  ;  scUigerum 
superbiens  Veitchi,  with  six  flowers  expanded  ;  niveum, 
Argus,  and  a  few  other  of  not  so  recent  introduction. 
Cattleyas  were  not  in  any  abundance,  exhibited  but  few 
blooms,  and  consisted  of  C.  gigas — a  very  rich  form  of 
it,  guttata,  bearing  a  splendid  bloom-spike  ;  Gaskel- 
liana,  of  which  in  one  collection  there  were  four  examples  ; 
and  Loddigesii.  There  were  several  plants  of  Lnelia 
majalis,  so  rarely  seen  in  collections  ;  a  good  piece  of 
Oncidium,  Lanceanum,  and  O.  macranthum. 

The  rare  Phalsenopsis  Esmeralda,  the  flowers  of  deep 
rosy-purple,  small,  but  set  in  numbers  on  a  long  slender 
spike.  Of  Saccolabiums  were  remarked  Blumei  and  B. 
majus  ;  a  nicely  flowered  plant  of  Dendrobium  Dearei, 
carrying  about  a  dozen  of  its  snow-white  flowers  ;  five  or 
six  plants  of  Disa  grandiflora  were  distributed  in  the  group, 
lightning  up  the  paler  tints  of  the  other  Orchids  capitally. 
The  second-best  group  contained  an  over-abundance  of 
Odontoglossums,  and  seemed  to  be  the  favourite  of  the 
judges,  although  the  award  was  finally  given  to  the  one  we 
have  just  mentioned.  Odontoglossum,  shown  by  M.  Vuyl- 
steke, [numbered  sixteen  species  ;  of  these  there  was  aline 
pieecofO.  Stewartianum  and  O.  odoratum,  and  theseldom 
seen  O.  Lindleyanum.  Acineta  Humboldtii  had  three 
beautiful  spikes  of  its  massive  rich  brown  flowers,  and  was 
really  the  best  plant  in  the  collection  ;  Dendrobium 
formosum  giganteum  and  Cattleya  Sanderiana  and  C. 
gigas,  together  with  Disas,  as  in  the  other  group. 

In  a  competitive  group  were  noticed  some  very 
large  Vandas,  shown  by  M.  Cannart  d'Hamale, 
as  suavis,  Veitch's  variety,  with  two  fine  spikes  of 
bloom  ;  Linden's  variety  of  V.  suavis,  8  feet  in  height, 
bearing  also  two  fine  spikes  ;  and  V.  insignis  with  two 
spikes— all  these  plants  being  remarkable  for  healthy 
foliage  development.  An  Oncidium  superbiens  was  well 
bloomed,  it  having  two  flower-spikes  two  yards  in  length, 
smothered  with  its  diminutive  brown  and  green  blos- 
soms ;  O.  phlegiferum  had  nine  spikes  of  its  yehow, 
brown,  and  green  blossoms  ;  and  a  Cattleya  MendeHi 
had  four  flowers  of  very  large  sizeand  good  colours,  open. 

The  ist  prize  for  twelve  species  of  Cypripediums  was 
awarded  to  M.  Hye- Ley  sens,  Ghent,  consisting  of 
prettily  bloomed  specimens  of  C.  Stonei,  C.  Veitchi- 
anum,  C.  Lawrenceanum,  C,  marmophyllum,  C.  Robe- 
lini  superciliare,  C.  Ashburtoniae,  C.  barbatum,  C.  sel- 
ligerum,  and  C.  Parishii,  &c. 

Nepenthes  and  Sarracentas. 

These  were  well  shown  by  M.  Louis  van  Houtte,  who 
took  the  ist  prize  for  twelve  excellent  baskets,  the  plants 
carrying  generally  abundant  pitchers.  Extra  fine  were  N. 
Outramiana,  N.  Hookeriana,  N.  Dominiana,  N.  inter- 
media, perhaps  the  finest  plant  in  the  group  ;  N.  Mas- 
tersiana  and  N.  Wrigleyana  ;  equal  isi  being  M.  P.  F. 
Boutmans,  Lille,  whose  best  were  N.  coccinea,  N.  rubra, 
N.  maculata,  N.  Stewartiana.  N.  Morgania?,  N.robusta, 
and  N.  compacta.  M.  P.  F.  Boutmans  took  the  ist 
prize  for  a  collection  of  Sarracenias  and  Dionseas — agood 
representative  collection  of  plants  of  small  size  ;  MM. 
Jacob-Makoy  &  Co.,  Liege,  being  2d. 

M.  Alex.  Dalliere,  Ghent,  showed  a  nice  collection  of 
sorts  of  Nepenthes,  which  were  arranged  in  a  small 
octagonal  glass  house ;  but  although  the  arrangement 
was  a  good  one,  he  failed  to  secure  a  prize,  owing  to  the 
paucity  of  pitchers  on  his  plants. 

EWPHORBIACE.t,    PrOTEAC.^,    AND   ARALIACEiE. 

Crotons  were  largely  shown.  For  fifteen  plants, 
Madame  Le  Grelle  D'Hanis,  of  Berchem,  took  the  ist  prize, 
and  Messrs.  Wartel  Brothers  the  2d.  It  was  remarked 
that  these  plants  were  wonderfully  well  grown,  but  were 
deficient  in  leaf  colour,  the  green  tint  predominating. 
The  sorts  in  the  first-named  exhibition  lot  consisted  of 
the  following  :  —  Rosea  picta,  ovalifolia,  President 
Chirceau,  Morti,  one  of  the  best  when  well  done  ;  mag- 
nohfolia,  also  very  bold,  fine  foliage,  yellow  and  green  ; 
Baroness  Rothschild,  and  Massangeana,  the  two  latter 
being  the  highest  coloured  of  the  collection.  For  six 
specimens,  M.  D'Hxne  was  ist,  and  Messrs.  Wartel 
Brothers  2d.  Of  Arallaceae,  fifteen  specimens  were 
shown  by  M.  D'Hosne. 


Marantas. 
These  plants  were  shown  abundantly,  as  is  the  case  in 
most  Continental  exhibitions,  and  were  uncommonly 
well  grown  by  all  those  who  exhibited.  The  ist  prize 
fell  to  Madame  Le  Grelle  D'Hanis.  whose  twenty  speci- 
mens it  would  be  difhcult  to  match  in  our  country.  The 
species  and  varieties  were  Kerchoviana,  M.  Kegeljaniana, 
6  feet  across  ;  fasciata,  Roseo-picta,  Selosi,  Wagneri, 
Bercheniiana,  a  distinct,  narrow-foUaged  variety,  grey- 
green  in  colour ;  Ignea,  .(  feet  by  5  feet,  a  very  fine 
specimen  ;  and  M.  Porteana. 

DraC/ENAS. 

These  plants  were  far  better  coloured  and  as  well 
grown  as  the  Crotons,  both  being  specially  cultivated  in 
Ghent  and  Belgium  generally.  In  most  cases  the  plants 
were  furnished  with  foliage  to  the  ground,  but  in  some 
instances  they  had  sufl"ered  from  want  of  space  or  too 
great  distance  from  the  glass. 

For  twenty  distinct  varieties,  Messrs.  Wartel 
Brothers  were  placed  1st,  M.  De  Duvivier  2d,  and  M, 
L.  van  Houtte  3d. 

General  Collections. 

For  the  best  collection  of  fifty  species  and  varieties  of 
plants,  flowering  or  non-flowering,  there  was  an  immense 
group  in  one  corner  of  the  great  hall,  where  the  most 
important  exhibits  were  arranged.  The  ist  prize  was 
deservedly  earned  for  this  group  by  Madame  Le  Grelle 
D'Hanis,  of  Berchem.  Amongst  the  plants,  allot  which 
space  forbids  us  to  name,  was  one  of  the  finest  speci- 
mens in  Europe  of  Licuala  grandis,  a  fine  plant  of  about 
3  feet  high,  with  unblemished  foliage  ;  Philodendron 
crassifolia,  Latania  rubra,  and  Cattleya  speciosa  ;  many 
fine  Palms.  Cycads,  Musas,  Heliconias,  Marantas, 
Crotons.  &c.  The  group  was  arranged  lightly,  and 
with  judgment,  so  that  the  proportions  of  each  plant 
were  fully  seen.  M.  Moens,  of  Lede,  took  the  2d  prize 
for  a  group  of  plants  of  much  smaller  size,  but  equally 
choice  ;  Tillandsia  tessellata,  Dracaena  fragrans  varie- 
gata,  Cycas  siamensis,  were  beautiful  examples.  M,  De 
Hemplinne,  Ghent,  was  3d  ;  in  this  group  were  also  many 
fine  things. 

In  the  nurserymen's  class  for  the  same  number  and 
description  of  plants  M.  Louis  van  Houtte  was  ist,  the 
group  of  decorative  plants  of  large  size  and  superb  cul- 
tivation, containing  the  choicest  species  and  varieties 
found  m  any  European  nursery.  Anthurium  Veitchii  was 
a  magnificent  specimen,  the  leaves  being  immense  ;  Li- 
cuala grandis,  a  much  larger  plant  than  Madame  Le 
Grelle  D'Hanis  ;  Sphasrogyne  latifolia,  very  beautiful 
dark  foliage,  the  young  leaves  being  pink  ;  Croton  Han- 
buryana,  Dieffenbachia  splendens,  grand  dark  foliage 
with  bright  green  spots  ;  Alocasia  Thibaut,  Schismato- 
glottis  Robelini,  a  very  fine  piece  ;  Pothosi  acaule,  a  very 
large  Maranta  zebrina,  and  numbers  of  superb  examples 
of  Palms.  Zamias,  Ficus,  Crotons,  &c. 

Madame  Le  Grelle  D'Hanis  had  twenty-five  species  of 
ornamental  foh age  plants,  taking  therewith  the  ist  prize  ; 
the  ist  prize  in  the  nurserymen's  class  going  to  M. 
D'Hasne  for  fifteen  species  ;  M.  De  Beucker,  Antwerp, 
being  2d. 

For  twenty-five  plants  (specimen),  with  coloured  or 
variegated  foliage  : — ist,  M.  L.  van  Houtte  ;  the  plants 
shown  were  not  remarkable  for  large  size — we  noticed 
Maranta  picturata,  Dracaena  Lindeni,  Croton  Imperator, 
Diffenbachiamagnifica,  Phyllotaenium  Lindeni,  asplendid 
specimen  ;  the  pretty  Alpinia  viltata,  white  and  green 
leaves  ;  Polhos  aurea,  and  Tillandsia  fenestralis ;  ^L 
D'haene  was  awarded ,2d  prize  for  a  collection  but  little 
behind  that  of  the  ist. 

(/•(^  be  contlnu.-d.) 


LIVERPOOL     HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION:    Aug.  i  and  3. 

The  summer  show  took  place  on  the  above  days,  in 
the  grounds  of  Sefton  Park.  Two  very  long  tents, 
besides  others  of  lesser  size,  were  brought  into  use,  and 
here  were  brought  together  a  very  creditable  lot  of 
plants,  fruits,  and  flowers.  The  Crotons  and  the  fine- 
foliage  plants  of  C.  W.  Neumann,  Esq.,  were  superb, 
and  the  Ixoras  and  Allamandas  from  W.  H.  Walts.  Esq., 
were  examples  of  no  ordinary  culture.  The  cut  Roses 
were  very  fine,  and,  since  the  greater  part  had  travelled 
for  very  long  distances,  were  very  fresh,  and  highly 
admired.  In  the  fruit  classes  a  Httle  falling  off  was 
observable  in  the  quantity,  but  the  quality  made  amends 
for  any  slight  deficiency  in  this  respect.  The  weather  on 
the  opening  day  was  very  fine  and  pleasant,  and  a  large 
number  .-f  visitors  entered  the  show  grounds. 

Taking  the  classes  somewhat  seriatim,  for  twelve 
Stove  Bnd  Greenhouse  plants  (sixfoliage  and  six  flower- 
ing), C.  W.  Neumann.,Esq.,  Allerton  (W.  Mease,  gr.), 
was  isL  For  foliage,- we  observed  Latania  borbonica, 
Croton  Weismanni  and  Queen  Victoria,  grand  masses, 
6  feet  by  6,  superb  in  colour  and  form  ;  also  C.  Disraeli 
and  nobihs,  less  in  size,  but  of  fine  colour  ;  Gleichenia 
Mendelii.  Flowering  plants  comprised  Clerodendron 
Balfourii,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Erica  Ne  Plus  Ultra 
and  seraula.  and  Stepbanotis  grandiflora.  Messrs.  ]. 
Cypher.  Cheltenham,  were  2d,  with,  among  others, 
Croton  majesticus,  very  well  done  ;  Kentia  australis  and 
Forrestiana,  l.xora  Pilgrimii.  grand  heads  ;  Dipladenia 
amabilis,  Erica  Irbyana  and  Paxtoni,  3  feet  across  ;  and 
Anthurium  Andreanum. 

For  ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  W.  H.  Waits, 
Esq.,  Wavenree  (Mr.  A.  R.  Cox,  gr.),  was  well  to 
the  front  with  choice  and  well-grown  examples  of 
Croton  Victoria,  Dicksonia  antarctica,  Alocasia  macro- 
rhiza  variegata,  Ixora  Dixiana,  with  over  200  heads 
of  bloom  ;  I.  coccinea  superba,  with  sixty,  and  I.  regina 
with  forty-three  plants  of  exceptional  merit  ;  AUamanda 


Hendersoni,  covered  with  bloom,  and  Statice  Bulcheri, 
with  ten  large  spikes.  2d  fell  to  J.  H.  Gossage,  Esq. 
(J.  Jellicoe,  gr.),  Wootton,  who  had  a  grand  Pritchardia 
pacifica  and  Vinca  alba  in  good  form  ;  3d,  B.  Hall,  Esq. 
(A.  Crosbie,  gr.),  Wavertree  :  in  this  group  a  good  plant 
of  Croton  Mooreana  was  staged. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom,  Messrs. 
J.  Cypher  came  in  ist,  showing  Alamanda  nobiUs  with 
thirty  fine  trusses,  Dipladenia  amabilis  with  forty 
flowers,  Ixora  regina,  thirty  trusses.  Erica  ampullacea 
Barnesii,  tricolor  major,  and  Phoenocoma  prolifera 
Barnesi.  Very  close  came  C.  W.  Neumann,  Esq.,  with 
fine  plants  of  Clerodendion  Balfouri,  4  feet  through  ; 
Ixora  Hendersoni,  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni,  and  E. 
ampullacea  Williamsi,  Bougainvillea,  scarcely  at  its  best, 
and  a  small  Dipladenia. 

With  four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom, 
W.  H.  Watts  was  ist,  and  the  same  exhibitor  was  ist 
with  six  stove  and  greenhouse  in  12-inch  pots  ;  nice 
examples  were  to  be  seen  in  this  group  of  Calamis 
ciliaris,  Croton  nobilis  and  Disraeli.  Kalosanthes  Dr.  E. 
Regel,  AUamanda  Hendersoni.  and  Ixora  coccinea 
superba. 

For  one  stove  plant  C.  W.  Neumann  was  ist  with 
Authurium  Andreanum.  H.  Drysdale,  Esq.  (G.  Buller, 
gr.),  was  2d  with  AUamanda  Hendersoni;  3d,  Mr.  A. 
Johnson,  with  a  similar  plant. 

For  one  greenhouse  plant,  ].  Cunningham,  Esq. 
(T.  Gowan,  gr.),  was  placed  ist  with  a  grand  plant  of 
Kalosanthes,  very  effective  and  well  done  ;  C.  W. 
Neumann  being  2d,  with  Erica  Irbyana. 

For  eight  Fine-Foliage  Plants,  C.  W.  Neumann, 
Esq.,  was  again  to  the  front,  sliowing  grand  e.xamples  of 
Crotons,  Prince  of  Wales,  6  feet  high,  and  as  much 
through  Countess,  Morti,  grand  colour  and  fine  in  form  ; 
Weismanni,  6  feet  by  6  ;  Areca  lutescens,  and  Latania 
borbonica.  2d,  Mrs.  A.  Johnson  (C.  W.  Waterman, 
gr.),  having  Cycas  revoluta,  Alocasia  Lowi,  very  good  ; 
Croton  Weismanni  and  AUocasia  macrorhiza  variegata, 
a  very  fine  specimen.  Six  fine-foliage  plants  was  awarded 
to  F.  H.  Gossage,  Esq.,  who  had  Maranta  Veitchii  and 
Dracaena  Veitchii,  good  ;  |.  Brancker,  Esq.  (T.  Foster, 
gr.),  was  2d.  Three  Palms  were  awarded  to  Mrs.  A. 
Johnson,  who  had  a  nice  Cycas  Stevensoni  and  Areca 
lutescen,  the  2d  falling  to  R.  Coltart,  whose  plants  were 
Areca  lutescens,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and  a  Thrinax. 

For  eight  exotic  Ferns,  Mrs.  Horsfield  (Mr.  G.  Rhodes, 
gr.)  succeeded  in  getting  ist  with  well-grown  examples 
of  Dicksonia  antarctica,  Alsophilla  Moorei,  Davallia 
Mooreana,  5  feet  across  ;  Dicksonia  squarrosa,  a  nice 
compact  plant,  with  three  dozen  fronds ;  2d,  W.  H.  Watts, 
Esq.,  whose  best  plants  were  Gleichenia  dichotoma  and 
Davallia  Mooreana  ;  3d.  W.  B.  Baring,  Esq.  (J.  Hurst, 
gr.).  For  six  Ferns,  J.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  was  ist, 
showing  good^  plants  of  Adiantum  farleylense,  Davallia 
Mooreana,  Gompholobium  subauriculatum,  with  fronds 

5  feet  long  ;  Gleichenia  microphylla,  Pteris  scaberula, 
and  Adianlum  Veitchii  ;  2d.  Mrs.  A.  Johnson,  in  whose 
collection  was  a  large  specimen  of  Microlepia  hirta 
cristata.  In  the  class  for  three  Filmy  Fernis,  W.  Holland, 
Esq.  (W.  Moss,  gr.),  was  ist  with  Todea  superba  and 
pellucida,  and  Tricho  manes  radicans  ;  the  same  forms 
being  shown  by  ].  Brancker,  Esq.,  who  was  placed  2d. 
Hardy  Ferns  were  shown  by  Mrs.  Barnsley,  J.  Brancker, 
and  Mrs.  A.  Johnson,  and  prizes  awarded  in  the  order 
in  which  the  names  occur.  Good  plants  of  Alhyrium, 
Lastraea,  Polyslichum,  and  Onoclea  were  amongst  the 
things  shown,  but  none  of  very  large  dimensions. 
Lycopodiums  were  shown  by  J.  Brancker  and  Mrs.  A. 
Johnson,  the  former  winnmg  with  good  plants  of 
Wallichii,  Wildenovii,  caulescens,  Mastersii,  umbrosa, 
and  dichrous. 

Ericas  were  not  numerous,  only  two  exhibitors  ap- 
pearing in  the  class  for  four,  the  ist  prize  falling  to  C.  W. 
Neumann  ;  the  2d  to  Messrs.  J.  Cypher. 

Four  lots  of  four  Orchids  were  staged,  Mr.  C.  W. 
Neumann  being  placed  ist  with  C.  Gaskelliana  with 
several  blooms  ;  Thunia  Marshalliana,  with  seven  heads  ; 
Saccolabium  Blumei  majus,  with  four  spikes  ;  and  Cypri- 
pedium  Lawrenceanum,  with  three  blooms.  Messrs.  J. 
Cypher  were  2d,  with  small  but  clean  plants  of  Cattleya 
Dowiana,  Cypripedium  Stonei,  and  C.  Parishii. 
W.  Holland  was  3d.  in  whose  group  was  a  good  plant 
of  Galeandra  Devoniana  and  Oncidmm  crispum. 

For  one  Orchid,  Mr.  A.  Johnson  was  ist,  with  a  fine 
plant  of  Cattleya  Leopoldi  ;  |.  Brancker  with  Cattleya 
crispa,  was  2d;  S.  Walker,  Esq.,  3d,  with  Dendrobium 
infundibulum.  A  capital  plant  of  the  rare  Zygopetalum 
Sedeni  was  shown  by  the  latter  gentleman,  having  a 
spike  with  five  beautiful  flowers. 

The  Fuchsias  were  numerous  and  good.  Plants  of  6  to 
8  feet  were  shown  by  several  of  the  exhibitors.  For  six 
T.    Drysdale  was  ist,    followed  closely   by  R.  Fleming 

6  Sons,  nurserymen,  Maghul,  Liverpool ;  the  3d  faUing 
I.  Hughes,  gr.  to  H.  Mclver,  Esq. 

Three  Fuchsias,  confined  to  amateurs,  were  shown  by 
-  W.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  H.  Mclver,  and  W.  B.  Bowring. 
Aigburth,  and  were  successful  as  their  names  appear. 

The  double  and  single  zonal  Pelargoniums  were  in 
excellent  condition.  For  six  single  zonals  R.  Fleming 
i:  Son  were  ist,  with  plants  just  3  feet  across,  full  of 
bloom.  Here  we  noticed  John  Gibbons,  Mrs.  W.  Paul, 
Caxton,  Madame  Vaucher,  and  Lucy  Bosworth.  2d, 
Mrs.  Horsfall  ;  3d,  J.  Lewis.  Esq..  Aigburth  (J.  Bus- 
land,  gr.)  With  three  zonals  J.  Cunningham  was  ist, 
W.  C.  Clarke  2d,  and  J.  Lewis  3d. 

The  doubles  were  shjwn  by  J.  Cunningham,  who 
again  was  ist,  R.  Fie mng  iic  Sons  2d,  and  W.  B. 
Bowring  3d.  These  ma  Je  a  very  striking  and  important 
feature  in  one  of  the  tenis. 

Tuberous  Begonias  were  moderately  well  done.  Being 
bad  things  to  travel  several  had  evidently  suffered  some- 
what  in    transit.      With  iix  W.    B.    Bowring  was  ist 


August  8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


185 


With  three  W.  H.  Watts  was  ist,  C.  W.  Neumann  2d, 
and  W.  C.  Clarke  3d. 

With  Caladiums  C.  W.  Neumann,  who  was  the  only 
Fxhibilor,  was  1st  for  six.  showing  well  grown  examples 
i.f  Chantini  candidum.  Prince  Albert  Edward,  Ludde- 
manni,  Auguste  Lemoine,  and  Ricolor  magnifica. 

S-ix  Coleus  were  shown  by  A,  Johnson,  who  was  ist, 
having  well  shaped  plants  of  compact  growth  ;  ].  L.ewis 
2d,  and  H.  Mclver  3d. 

Gloxinias  were  shown  by  W.  S.  Taylor,  Esq  ,  who 
was  placed  ist  ;  Mr.  Watts  2d,  J.  Cunningham  3d. 

Cockscombs  and  Achimenes  were  also  well  shown  by 
the  latter  exhibitor,  who  won  in  both  classes. 

C.  W.  Neumann  was  ist,  with  eight  large  plants  and 
good  varieties  ;  W.  B.  Bowring  2d,  with  good  plants 
:i]so. 

Circular  groups  of  miscellaneous  plants  were  shown  by 
C.  W.  Neumann,  W.  H.  Watts,  and  F.  H.  Gossage, 
ard  were  placed  in  the  order  in  which  their  names 
appear.  Snnilar  groups  were  arranged  by  nurserymen, 
and  here  Messrs.  R.  K  Ker  &  Sons  had  a  very  effective 
group,  mide  up  in  their  best  style  ;  2d.  Mr.  F.  Francis, 
Wavertree.  'I  he  Livtrpool  Nursery  Company  (Mr.  (. 
Cowan)  had  five  large  groups  of  plants  of  Roses  and 
Liliums,  and  others  of  mixed  character  ;  these  were  well 
done,  and  very  useful  in  the  exhibition  ;  a  large  mass  of 
Dendrobium  Parishii  in  bloom  was  reared  in  the  centre 
of  one  group,  and  a  D.  D,alhousieanum.  with  many  spikes 
of  flowers,  stood  up  above  the  plants  over  another 
group.  Many  table  plants  were  shown,  the  best  six 
coming  from  F.  Harrison,  Esq.  (T.  ¥.  Fleetwood,  gr.), 
Mr.  Watts  and  Mr.  .\.  [ohnson  coming  2d  and  3d. 

The  cut  flowers  were  numerous  and  very  fine. 

Roses 
were  exceptionally  good.  For  lorty-eight  cut  blooms, 
Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  Bedale,  Yorkshire  ;  Messrs. 
Cocker&  Son,  Sunning  Park  Nursery,  Aberdeen  :  R.  Mack 
&  Sons,  Rose  Nursery,  Catterick  Bridge  ;  and  T.  B.  Hall, 
» Rock  Ferry,  staged  magnificent  stands.  After  much  deli- 
beration the  prizes  were  awarded  in  the  order  the  names 
appear,  the  latter  two  being  equal  3d.  For  twelve  Tea 
and  Noisettes,  T.  B.  Hall  was  placed  ist.  Messrs.  Hark- 
ness and  Sons  2d,  and  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  Coven- 
try, 3d.  With  twenty-four  Roses,  T.  B.  Hall  again  won, 
the  2d  faUing  to  A.  Tate,  Esq  ,  Woolton.  Messrs. 
Mack  &  Sons  were  1st  for  twelve,  and  H.  J.  Robinson 
2d.  Twelve  Roses,  any  dark  variety.— 1  he  ist  went  to 
Messrs.  Mack  &  Sons,  2d,  to  Messrs.  May,  3d  to  Messrs. 
A.  Dickson  &  Son,  Belfast,  each  stand  being  composed 
of  Alfred  Colomb.  Twelve  blooms,  one  light  variety, 
was  taken  by  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons,  with  Merveille 
rle  Lyon  ;  Messrs.  Mack  &  Sons  2d,  with  Baroness 
Rothschild:  and  Messrs.  .\.  Dickson  &  Son  3d,  with 
La  France.  For  the  best  arranged  box  of  Roses,  A. 
Sale,  Esq.,  was  successful,  Mr.  T.  B.  Hall  coming  a 
good  2d. 

Cut  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers  were  shown  by  Mr. 
C.  W.  Neumann  and  Mr.  J.  Lewis,  who  were  ist  and  2d 
for  twenty-four  trusses-Mr.  W.  H.  Watts  and  .Mr.  R. 
Coltart  securing  similar  honours  in  the  class  for  twelve 
trusses. 

Hardy  herbaceous  plants  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  C.  W. 
Neumann,  Messrs.  J.  Dickson  &  Son,  and  Mr.  J.  Lewis. 
In  these  stands  I  observed  Lilium  Harrisii,  testaceum, 
canadense,  pardalinum,  Achillea,  eupatorium.  ptarmica 
fl.-pl.  :  AlstTomeria  aurea.  Telekia  speciosissima,  Geum 
coccineum,  fl.-pl.  ;  Carnation  Annihilator,  and  numerous 
others.  Mr.  {.  Cypher  was  ist  with  two  bouquets, 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons  2d.  and  Mr.  G.  Downs  3d. 
For  one  bouquet,  Mr.  B.  Hall  was  tst,  Mr.  T.  Robin- 
son and  Mr.  H.  Mercer.  2d  and  3d.  With  one  epergne 
for  dinner-table  decoration,  Mrs.  Barnsley  was  ist,  Mr. 
J.  Lewis  coming  2d,  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Rogtrson  3d. 

Fkuit. 
The  fruit  was  of  excellent  quality.  For  eight  dishes 
the  Duke  of  St.  Albans  (I.  Edmonds,  gr.)  won  with 
Muscats,  Black  Hamburgh,  Pine  Melon,  Bellcgarde 
Peach,  Elruge  Nectarine,  Figs,  and  Cherries.  2d,  T. 
H.  Oakes,  Esq.  {f.  Ward,  gr.).  who  also  showed  a  very 
fine  lot.  With  six  dishes.  A-  R.  Gladstone  (T.  Els- 
worthy,  gr.),  was  ist,  having  Black  Hamburgh.  Muscats, 
Melon,  Peach,  Pine-apple.  Nectarines,  and  Figs  ;  2d, 
Duke  of  St.  Albans  ;  3d,  C.  W.  Neumann.  The  Hon. 
C.  H.  Wynne  (J.  Bennett,  gr.)was  ist  with  two  Pine- 
apples, Lord  Newborongh  coming  in  2d. 

Four  bunches  of  Grapes  were  shown  by  J.  Evans, 
Esq.  (C.  Young,  gr. ).  Prescolt.  who  was  1st,  with 
Madresfield  Court  in  grand  form.  Foster's  Seedling, 
Black  Hamburgh,  and  Muscats  ;  R.  Pilkington,  Esq. 
(G.  Middleton.  gr.).  was  2d;  Duke  of  St.  .\lbans  3d. 
Black  Hamburghs  were  shown  by  Alderman  Rayner, 
who  was  1st  :  ].  Hargreaves,  2d  ;  and  W.  B.  Bowring. 
3d.  Muscats  by  R.  Pilkington.  W.  G.  Holland,  and 
W.  C.  Clarke,  who  were  respectively  ist.  2d.  and  3d. 
For  black  Grapes.  Black  Hamburghs  excluded.  Alder- 
man Rayner  showed  grand  examples  of  Madresfield 
Court,  and  was  placed  deservedly  1st,  T.  H.  Oakes  2d, 
and  |.  Evans  3d.  White  Grapes.  Muscats  excluded. — 
The  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynne  showed  Duke  of  Buccleuch  in 
good  condition,  and  was  ist  ;  S.  S.  Parker  coming  2d, 
with  the  same  variety  ;  the  Rev.  W.  Sneyd  (J.  Wallis, 
gr. )  being  3d. 

Splendid  Peaches  were  shown  by  R.  C.  Naylor,  who 
was  1st ;  and  also  by  the  Duke' of  St.  Albans,  who  was 
isl  in  a  similar  class  lor  six. 

First  prizes  for  Nectarines  were  taken  by  the  Hon.  C. 
H.  Wynne  for  six,  and  also  by  W.  B.  Bowring  for  the 
same  number  in  another  class. 

For  a  green-fleshed  Melon,  Mrs.  Horsfall  was  success- 
ful :  Mrs.  Patterson  securing  a  ist  place  for  scarlet-fleshed 
Melon. 

One  dish  of  Strawberries  was  won  by  J.  Brancker, 
Mr,  A.  R.  Gladstoae,  being  ist  with  a  dish  of  Cherries, 


For  the  best  basket  of  miscellaneous  fruit,  C.  W. 
Neumann,  Esq..  was  ist,  with  a  very  effective  lot, 
Mr.  A.  R.  Gladstone  showing  also  well,  and  coming 
in  2d. 

Vegetables. 

With  twelve  varieties  of  vegetables.  Colonel  Wingfield 
came  well  to  the  front,  W.  Chambers  being  placed  2d, 
and  R.  M.  Biddulph  3d. 

In  a  class  for  twelve,  open  to  exhibitors  within  ten 
miles  of  Liverpool,  C.  W.  Neumann  was  to  the  Iront, 
J.  Rainford  coming  2d,  and  Sir  T.  Earle  3d. 

With  six  dishes  of  Peas  R.  Pilkington  was  ist,  Mr. 
W.  Hosker  coming  in  with  three  dishes. 

C.  W.  Neumann  was  again  in  the  front  place  with 
six  dishes  of  Potatos,  the  same  honour  falling  to  Mrs. 
J.  Rainford  with  four  dishes. 

Tomatos  were  well  shown,  R.  Pilkington  being  ist, 
with  three  dishes  ;  ^.  Brancker  2d,  and  Colonel  Wing- 
field  3d.  The  same  exhibitors  showed  one  dish  of 
Tomatos,  and  came  in  again  into  the  same  positions. 

Lord  Newborough,  Colonel  Wingfield,  and  J.  Davies 
showed  Cucumbers,  and  were  successful  in  order  as  their 
names  appear. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  Vines  and  Tea  Roses  in  pots  were 
shown  by  the  Liverpool  Nursery  Company.  Good 
stands  of  stove  plants,  &c.,  were  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
R.  P.  Ker  &  Sons.  From  Messrs.  R.  Pearson  &  Sons 
came  a  good  stand  of  zonal  Pelargonium  blooms. 
Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill  Nursery, 
London,  showed  several  stands  of  cut  flowers,  including 
single  and  double  Begonias,  in  their  best  form,  and  also 
a  stand  of  Hollyhocks,  that  m  my  were  pleased  to  see. 
Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson,  of  Chester,  had  a  capital  dis- 
play of  mixed  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. 

Numerous  stands  were  erected  about  the  grounds, 
exhibiting  the  many  requisites  pertaining  to  horticulture, 
the  summer-houses  of  Mr.  L.  Ccesar,  of  Knutsford,  being 
much  admired. 


from  Mr.  Charles  Midwinter,  which  secured  ist  honours 
in  their  respective  classes,  were  excellent.  Fruits  were 
not  so  plentiful.  Peaches,  Nectarines,  &c.,  not  yet  being 
sufficiently  ripe.  Currants  were  good.  Three  prizes 
offered  for  competition  among  the  ladies  for  a  group  of 
three  vases,  stands  or  dishes,  arranged  with  flowers  and 
foliage  for  table  ornamentation  was  keenly  contested  : 
ultimately  the  ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mrs.  J.  A.  John- 
ston, Doddington.  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  of  Reading 
offered  two  prizes  for  eight  kinds  of  vegetables  in  baskets. 
Several  competitors  staged  for  these  prizes,  and  Mr. 
Wm.  Pope,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  won  the  pre- 
mier prize  with  a  very  good  assortment.  In  the  vege- 
table classes  for  mechanics,  artisans  and  cottagers,  some 
very  fine  dishes  were  shown,  but  in  many  instances  the 
subjects  were  not  so  good  here  as  I  have  seen  them  on 
former  occasions  :  doubtless  this  is  accounted  for  in  the 
lack  of  rain  for  so  long  a  period.  G.  T.  M. 


NEWBURY    HORTICULTURAL  :  Aug.    3. 

Tup;  exhibition  as  a  whole,  notwithstanding  the 
absence  on  this  occasion  of  two  or  three  prominent  and 
regular  exhibitors,  was  nevertheless  highly  satisfactory, 
the  large  tent  devoted  to  plants  alone  was  well  filled  in 
a  very  effective  manner. 

The  chief  classes  "  open  to  all  England  "  comprised  a 
collection  of  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom. 
Mr.  J.  F.  Mould,  Pewsey,  Wilts,  was  a  good  ist  ;  and 
Mr.  C.  Howe,  gr.  to  Sir  Richard  Sutton,  Bart.,  Benhara 
Park,  2d. 

For  a  collection  of  six  variegated  or  remarkab'e 
foliaged  plants.  Mr.  C.  Howe  had  ist  honours,  and  Mr. 
J.  F.  Mould  2d. 

The  class  for  twelve  exotic  Ferns  was  well  contested, 
Mr.  C.  Howe  being  ist,  and  Mr.  R.  Gammon,  gr.  to 
J.  Bishop.  Esq.,  2d. 

For  six  distinct  kinds  of  Kalmias,  Mr.  J.  Davis,  gr.  to 
Major  Thurlow,  secured  the  ist  prize  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Gam- 
mon 2d. 

Fuchsias.— Only  two  collections  were  staged,  but  these 
were  most  creditably  done— the  ist  prize  falling  to  Mr. 
J.  Davis,  and  the  2d  to  Mr.  R.  Lye,  gr.  to  W.  H. 
Kingsmill.  Esq. 

Two  prizes  for  the  best  group  of  plants,  12  feet  by 
8  feet,  quality  and  taste  in  arrangement  to  be  considered, 
brought  four  competitors,  all  of  which  were  highly  cre- 
ditable, so  much  so  that  extra  prizes  were  added  sub- 
sequently. Mr.  C.  Howe  was  ist,  and  Mr.  J.  Davis 
2d,  in  this  excellent  class.  The  class  for  twenty-four 
bunches  of  miscellaneous  cut  flowers  for  artistic  arrange- 
ment brought  forth  a  good  display,  the  premier  prize 
faUing  to  Mr.  Phippen,  nurseiyman,  Reading,  who  also 
took  ist  lor  six  buttonhole  bouquets  and  a  bridal 
bouquet. 

Fkuit. 

In  the  fruit  classes  for  gentlemen's  gardeners,  Mr.  C. 
Howe  was  a  very  prominent  exhibitor  ;  he  had  a  1st 
prize  for  a  collection  of  eight  kinds  of  fruit— "an  excel- 
lent lot."  His  best  dishes  were  very  fine— Grosse  Mig- 
nonne  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  Moor  Park 
Apricots,  Figs,  and  a  Melon.  In  the  single  classes  for 
fruit  he  also  took  ist  prizes  for  the  same  kind  of  Peach 
and  Nectarine— both  very  fine  dishes.  For  three  bunches 
of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  eight  competed,  ist  prize 
going  to  Mr.  Davis  for  three  large  well-coloured  bunches, 
rather  small  in  berry  :  Mr.  Walker,  gr.  to  H.  P.  Powell, 
Esq  ,  being  2d,  with  three  somewhat  smaller-sized 
bunches,  finely  finished,  but  unfortunately  slightly 
rubbed  in  transit  ;  the  3d  and  4th  lots  were  also  good 
e.xamples.  Muscats  brought  out  theee  lots,  the  ist  prize 
dish  being  rather  over-ripe,  and  small  in  berry  ;  the  2d 
lot  had  fine  berries,  but  not  finished  ;  the  3d  lot  fine 
bunches,  but  insufliciently  ripe.  In  the  class  for  other 
kinds  of  black  Grapes  the  ist  prize  fell  to  Mr.  H.  Brown, 
gr.  to  Viscount  Exmouth.  Belford.  with  fairly  good 
examples  of  Black  Prince  ;  and  in  the  other  class 
for  white  Grapes,  three  compact  bunches  of  well- 
finished  Foster's  Seedling  secured  the  1st  prize. 
Melons  were  plentifully  shown,  but  poor  in  quality. 
Plums  and  Green  Gages  were  not  numerous,  and 
still  unripe  :  and  the  same  may  be  said  with 
regard  to  dessert  Apples.  In  culinary  kinds  the  samples 
were  more  plentiful,  but  not  so  large  in  size  as  usual. 
Currants  were  well  represented  in  all  kinds.  Some  par- 
ticularly fine  reds  were  shown  by  Mr.  Maker,  gr. 
to  A.  Waterhouse,  Esq  ,  and  obtained  the  first  award. 
Figs  were  also  fine,  especially  those  Irom  Mr.  H.  Brown, 
gr.  to  Viscount  Exmouth. 

Amateurs. 

In  the  classes  for  amateurs  there  was  a  fine  compe- 

tition.  the  Fuchsias  and  Petunias  being  very  good,  and 

the  bedding  and  variegated  Pelargoniums  and  Coletises 


CARMARTHEN    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  summer  show  of  the  above  Society  was  held  in 
the  Market  Place  on  July  30.  The  exhibits  were  both 
numerous  and  good,  and  the  Market  Place  presented  an 
unusually  gay  appearance,  decorated  with  so  many 
choice  specimen  exotics.  Great  credit  is  due  to  the 
Secretary  for  the  manner  in  which  the  arrangements 
were  carried  out. 

The  competition  in  the  plant  classes  was  very  keen. 
In  the  class  lor  twelve  stove  or  greenhouse  plants  the 
premier  prize  fell  to  Captain  Phillips,  of  Pemy  Park, 
with  a  clean  well  grown  lot.  including  a  good  Bou^ain- 
villea  glabra,  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  and  some  finely 
coloured  Crotons.  Tins  collection  wis  closely  followed 
by  a  good  2d. 

In  the  class  for  six  flowering  plants  the  Penty  Park 
collection  was  again  to  the  front,  the  most  noticeable 
plants  being  AUamanda  grandiflora,  splendidly  flowered  ; 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  and  BougainviUea  glabra. 

For  six  plants  in  8-inch  pots  the  ist  prize  was  awarded 
to  J.  Bickley.  Esq.,  for  a  clean,  healthy  lot. 

Two  exhibitors  staged  specimen  plants— a  Urge  but 
thinly  flowered  Stephanotis  by  C.  B.  Mansfield.  Esq., 
and  a  nicely  coloured  Croton  Disraeli  by  Captain 
Phillips  ;  the  judges  awarding  the  prizes  in  the  order 
named. 

Selaginellas  were  not  quite  so  well  grown  as  we  have 
seen  them.     The  best  lot  was  shown  by  J.  Bickley,  Esq. 

F'erns  were  well  done.  The  ist  prize  for  six  exotic 
fell  to  C.  B.  Mansfield.  Esq.,  with  a  magnificent  Gym- 
nogramma  chrysophylla,  .Adiantum  gracillimum  ;  2d, 
Captain  Phillips,  his  best  plant  being  a  well-grown 
jXdiantum  farleyense. 

The  dinner-table  decorations  were  greatly  admired, 
the  ist  prize  being  taken  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Buckley,  with  a 
light  and  tastefully  arranged  table. 

Some  excellent  Fruit  was  exhibited.  Splendid  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes  were  shown  by  C.  B.  Mansfield,  Esq. ; 
Muscats  were  also  shown  by  the  same  exhibitor.  A  pair 
of  handsome  Queen  Pines  were  exhibited  by  C.  E.  G. 
Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle,  and  obtained  ist  prize. 
Collection  of  fruit  was  won  by  C.  B.  Mansfield.  Esq.. 
with  good  Grapes,  Lord  Palmerston  Peaches,  and  finely 
coloured  Pitmaston  Orange  Nectarines. 

The  show  of  Vegetables  was  not  large,  but  some 
excellent  productions  were  staged.  Cottagers  were  well 
represented  by  some  highly  meritorious  exhibits,  particu- 
larly in  the  class  for  window  plants. 

One  of  the  most  noticeable  features  of  the  show  were 
the  exhibits  not  for  competition,  including  a  large  col- 
lection of  useful  plants  and  cut  flowers  from  the 
Ll.inelly  Gardens,  and  some  splendid  specimen  Roses 
from  the  Mount  Hill  Nurseries. 


NORTHAMPTON     HORTICULTURAL: 
August  3. 

This  Society  held  its  annual  summer  show  on  the 
Bank  Holiday,  at  the  usual  place,  Delapre  Park,  where, 
as  on  previous  occasions,  there  was  an  immense  con- 
course of  people.  On  the  present  occasion  the  general 
character  of  the  exhibitions  which  the  Society  has 
hitherto  had'  was  well  maintained,  although  in  one  or 
two  departments  there  was  a  little  falling  off,  notably  in 
the  principal  classes  for  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
and  fruit,  the  latter  of  which  was  not  forthcoming  in 
such  quantities  as  might  have  been  looked  lor  in  a  pait 
of  the  country  where  doubtless  plenty  is  grown.  On  the 
other  hand  vegetables,  which  the  aU  but  unpreceientcd 
parched  up  state  of  the  ground  has  made  it  difficult  to 
produce  in  presentable  condition,  were  not  only  shown 
in  unusually  large  quantities  but  in  excellent  order. 

In  the  class  for  12  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
six  inbloom  and  six  fine-foliage,  there  were  threeexhibitors 
—Mr.  Coysh.The  Gardens.  Newbold  Revel.  Rugby,  taking 
ist,  his  best  plants  being  Lapageria  rosea,  a  well  fur- 
nished plant,  nicely  flowered  :  Allamanda  Hendersoni 
a  large  example,  full  of  bloom  ;  Ixora  coccinea,  and 
BougainviUea  glabra,  the  latter  well-flowered  and  deeper 
in  colour  than  it  is  usually  seen.  Noticeable  amongst 
the  foliage  specimens  in  this  group  were  Croton  Weis- 
manni,  C.  angustifolius,  and  Cycas  revoluta.  Mr. 
Holland,  gr.  to  W.  Jeflery,  Eiq.,  Northampton,  was  a 
good  2d,  staging,  amongst  others,  a  beautiful  plant 
of  Erica  Marnockiana.  Dipladenia  amabilis.  Rondeletia 
speciosa  major,  and  Stephanotis  floribunda,  the  best 
foliage  examples  being  Latania  borbnica  and  Yucca 
Slokesii,  the  latter  nearly  6  feet  high,  and  well  fur- 
nished with  large  highly  coloured  leaves. 

Ferns 
were  well  shown,  the  whole  of  the  competing   plants 
being  in  fresh  condition.     With  six  Mr.  Holland  took  the 
lead,  having  an  even  well-grown  group,  the  best  of  wh  igh 


1 86 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  1883. 


were    Gleichenia    Mendelii.  Adiantum   Farleyense,   and 
Gymnogramma  chrysophylla  ;  2d,  Mr.  Coysh. 

COLEUS. 

These  were  forthcoming  in  beautiful  order  from  Mr. 
Underwood,  gr.  to  [.  Bouverie'  Esq.,  Delapre,  who  took 
ist;  2d,  Mr.  Holland. 

C.\LADIUMS. 

With  these  Mr.  Holland  had  ist,  staging  medium 
sized  plants  with  stout  leaves,  that  showed  no  signs  of 
flagging  in  'he  way  that  these  plants  usually  do  in  the 
exhibition,  but  when  not  grown  with  enough  light 
and  air. 

Fuchsias. 

ist.  Mr.  Garfirth,  gr.  to  P.  Phipps,  Esq.,  CoUingtree  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Beard,  Brington. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 

With  these  the  order  was  reversed,  Mr.  Beard  taking 
ist,  Mr.  Garfirth  2d. 

Table  Plants 
were  very  well  shown,  Mr.    Holland  being  ist,  with  a 
beautiful  dozen,  in  every  way  suitable  for  the  purpose  ; 
Mr.   Cole,  gr.  to  Earl  Spencer,  Althorp,  who    was  a 
close  2d,  also  had  a  very  good  lot  of  plants. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  surprisingly  well  shown,  both  as  to  qualify 
and  quantity,  considering  the  parching  weather  we  have 
had,  showing  in  a  way  that  cannot  be  misunderstood 
what  can  be  done  by  good  cultivation,  even  under 
adverse  conditions.  With  twenty-four  varieties,  single 
blooms,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  Warwick  Road 
Nursery,  Coventry,  were  well  in  front  with  a  beautiful 
stand,  the  flowers  as  large  and  full  of  substance  as  often 
seen  earlier  in  the  season.  Mr.  Prince,  O.xford,  who  was 
2d,  also  had  a  very  good  stand.  For  twelve,  Messrs. 
Perkins  were  likewise  ist,  here  again  staging  a  fine  lot 
of  blooms.  Twelve  Teas.— In  this  class  Mr.  W.  Jack- 
son, Stagsen  Vicarage,  had  ist,  with  fresh  young  flowers 
in  beautiful  order  ;  2d,  Mr.  Prince. 

Miscellaneous  cut  flowers  were  present  in  quantity, 
and  in  splendid  condition,  ist  honours  for  twenty-four 
bunches  going  to  Mr.  Coysh,  for  a  very  good  collection, 
which  included  Ixoras,  Dipladenias.  Anthurium  Andrea- 
num,  Stephanotis,  AUamandas,  and  a  very  fine  variety 
of  Cattleya  Leopoldii  ;  Mr.  Parker,  who  was  2d,  also 
bad  a  good  lot,  mostly  stove  and  greenhouse  kinds. 

Amongst  a  number  of  bouquets  some  charming  ex- 
amples were  staged,  Messrs.  Perkins  cS:  Sons,  Coventry, 
taking  ist,  with  a  very  good  one,  remarkable  alike  for 
the  colours  and  arrangement  of  the  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  F, 
Perkins,  whose  exhibit  was  also  highly  commendable. 

Table  decorations  were  in  great  force,  occupying  almost 
the  entire  centre  of  a  large  lent.  The  arrangements  were 
more  varied  than  usual,  in  competitions  of  this  kind  some 
of  the  exhibitors  still  retaining  the  tall  glass  stands  that 
once  were  looked  on  as  the  correct  sort  of  thing  to  use 
in  arrangements  of  this  description  ;  others  using  one 
or  three  plants,  with  flowers  or  Ferns  and  other  foliage  ; 
others  again  discarding  stands  and  plants,  relying  wholly 
on  flowers  and  leaves,  with  or  without  fruit.  For  a 
table  of  the  ordin.ary  size  Mr.  Parker.  Rugby,  was  ist, 
with  a  very  nice  combination  of  three  small  Palms  down 
the  centre,  the  base  of  each  furnished  with  a  few  flowers 
and  green  foliage,  and  some  small  glasses  with  two  or 
three  flowers  and  bits  of  green  each  ;  Mr.  F.  Perkins 
was  a  very  good  2d.  On  this  table  plants  and  stands 
were  dispensed  with,  the  foliage  and  flowers  being 
arranged  in  low  dishes.    3d,  Mr.  Coysh. 

Fruit. 

With  six  dishes,  Mr.  Garfirth  was  ist,  his  best 
examples  being  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria Grapes  and  Peaches  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Collins,  Berry 
Wood.  Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes.— Here  Mr. 
Cole  was  well  in  front  with  good  bunches,  very  large 
in  berry  ;  2d,  Mr.  Harlock,  gr.  to  Lord  Lilford,  Lilfoid 
Hall.  Three  bunches  of  while  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  Farr, 
gr.  to  Sir  R.  Knightley,  Fawsley  Park,  with  Buckland 
Sweetwater,  good  bunches,  in  nice  condition  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Cole,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Dish  of  Peaches.— 
ist,  Mr.  Harlock.  For  a  Melon,  Mr.  Coysh  took  ist, 
with  a  nice  fruit  of  Newbold  Revel,  a  scarlet-fleshed 
variety  of  medium  size  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cole.  Six  dishes  of 
Apples. — ist,  Mr.  Harlock  ;  2d,  Mr.  Garfirth. 

Mr.  F.  Perkins  exhibited  several  plants  of  his  new 
Pelargonium  Volonte  Nationale  alba,  a  friUed-petalled 
variety  with  perfectly  white  flowers,  except  the  faintest 
streak  of  colour  in  the  top  petals.  It  is  a  dwarf  grower, 
and  a  profuse  flowerer  ;  here,  as  at  several  of  the  leading 
shows,  including  the  Royal  Horticultural  at  South  Ken- 
sington, the  Regent's  Park,  and  the  Crystal  Palace,  it 
received  a  First-class  Certificate. 

.\  large  and  beautiful  lot  of  tuberous  Begonia  flowers, 
single  and  double,  were  exhibited,  not  for  competition, 
by  G.  Edwards,  Esq.,  Leighton  Buzzard;  the  single 
varieties,  mostly  seedlings,  were  especially  fine,  in  both 
form  and  colour,  with  plenty  of  size  and  substance  ;  they 
comprised  all  the  shades  of  red,  from  the  darkest  crim- 
son to  scarlet,  pink,  old  gold,  yellow,  and  white. 


THE     OXFORD     UNION     CARNATION 
AND    PICOTEE  ;   August  4. 

Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell  made  no  empty  boast  when  he 
promised  his  visitors  a  feast  of  Carnations.  His  Car- 
nation and  Picotee  garden,  with  its  Carnation  and 
Picotee  houses  and  stands  and  frames,  containing  some 
3500  plants,  in  some  1500  pots,  besides  beds  of  seed- 
lings aglow  with  blooms,  is  worth  a  journey  to  see,  but 


in  addition  there  was  an  exhibition  of  great  importance. 
Northern  and  Southern  growers  were  well  represented, 
and  regard  being  had  to  the  state  of  the  weather — 
hot,  dry,  and  withering,  the  quality  of  the  flowers  was 
fine.  A  tent  erected  in  Mr.  Dodwell's  garden,  at 
the  rear  of  his  Carnation  houses,  accommodated  the 
flowers.  A  large  number  of  growers  and  admirers  of 
the  Carnation  were  present,  and  during  the  afternoon 
many  visitors  came  to  see  the  flowers. 

Carnations. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  dissimilar  blooms  of  Carnations, 
six  prizes  were  awarded,  and  the  awards  went  as 
follows  :— Equal  ist,  Mr.  M.  Rowall,  36,  Manor  Street, 
Clapham,  London  ;  and  Mr.  Joseph  Lakin,  Temple 
Cowley,  Oxford,  the  two  stands  being  so  good  that 
it  was  difficult  to  separate  them,  and  with  one  or  two 
exceptions  the  flowers  were  very  fine.  The  usual 
plan  in  staging  twelve  blooms  is  to  have  them  in  three 
lines  of  four  each,  and  following  the  old  plan  of  reading 
from  left  to  right  acrosslhebox,  the  flowers  were  placed  as 
follows  ; — George,  S.B.,  extra  fine  :  Black  Prince,  C.  B. ; 
Jessica  (Turner),  R.F. ;  Arthur  Medhurst,  S.B. ;  Squire 
Llewellyn,  P.P.B.;  Annihilator  (Jackson),  S.F.;  Master 
Fred  ( Hewitt).  C.B. ;  William  Skirving  (Gordon),  P. P.  B. ; 
Mrs.  Francis  Whitbourn.  C.B.;  Master  Slender,  P.F. ; 
Mrs.  Austiss,  C.B. ;  and  Florence  Nightingale  (Sealey), 
P.F.;  all  the  foregoing  flowers  without  raisers'  names 
attached  are  Mr.  Dodwell's  seedlings,  and  so  on  through- 
out the  report.  Mr.  Lakin  had  a  very  refined  lot  of 
blooms  of  the  following  : — George  Melville,  P.F. ;  John 
Harland  (Adams),  G.B.;  Henry  CanneU,  S.F.;  Florence 
Nightingale  (Sealey),  P.F.;  Admiral  Curzon  (Eason), 
C.B.;  Rifleman  (Wood),  C.B.;  Master  Fred  (Hewitt), 
C.B.;  Arthur  Medhurst,  S.B.;  Mrs.  Svmonds.  R.F.; 
Captain  Owen,  S.B. ;  Tom  Lord,  S.F. :  .and  Lord 
Milton  (Ely),  C.B.  3d,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  Rough  Bank, 
Sheflield,  with  a  very  fine  lot  of  flowers,  only  just  inferior, 
viz.  :— James  Douglas  (Simonite),  P.F. ;  Master  Fred, 
C.B. ;  Florence  Nightingale  (Sealeyl,  P.F.,  Seedling 
(Simonite),  R.F.,  very  promising;  Tom  Brown,  S.B.; 
Dr.  Foster  (Foster),  P.F.;  .Squire  Llewellyn,  C.B,; 
Henry  Cannell,  S.F.;  Mrs.  Gorton,  C.B.;  Seedling, 
S.F.;  Seedling.  R.F.  4th,  Mr.  G.  S.  Hedderley, 
Sneinton,  Nottingham,  slh,  Mr.  William  Stock, 
Chesterfield  ;  6lh,  Mr.  Bacon,  Derby  ;  a  bloom  of  Mrs. 
Erskine  Weroyss,  R.F.,  in  this  stand  was  remarkably 
good. 

In  the  class  for  six  blooms,  dissimlar,  there  were  eight 
competitors,  and  Mr.  Robert  Lord,  Todmorden,  was 
placed  ist  with  a  perfect  lot  of  very  refined  flowers, 
consisting  of  J.  D.  Hextall  (Hextall),  C.B.  ;  Admiral 
Curzon  (Easom),  S.B.  ;  George  Melville,  P.F.  ;  John 
Harland,  C.B.  ;  John  Keat  (Whitehead),  R.F.  ;  and 
Sportsman,  a  sport  from  Admiral  Curzon,  S.F.  2d, 
Mr-  W.  L.  Walker,  Reading,  with  George,  S.  B. ;  Sarah 
Payne,  P.P.B  ;  Martin  Rowan,  P.F.  ;  .Arthur  Medhurst, 
S.B.  ;  John  Ball,  S  F.  ;  and  Master  Slender,  P.F.  3d, 
Mr.  W.  Meddick,  Bath,  with  Dr.  Masters.  C.B.  ;  Henry 
Cannell,  S.F.  ;  James  Douglas  (Simonite),  P.F.  ;  John 
Hines,  S.B.  ;  Duke  of  Grafton  (Hooper),  S.B.  ;  and 
John  Harland  (Adams),  C.B.  4th,  Mr,  Thos.  Austiss, 
Brill ;  5th.  Mr.  Charles  Phillips,  Early,  Reading  ;  6lh, 
Mr.  William  Wardell,  Luton  ;  7th,  Mr.  J.  Wallington, 
Basingstoke. 

In  the  classes  lor  single  blooms  thers  were  a  great 
many  flowers,  and  the  judges  had  a  very  onerous  task  in 
selecting  the  best.  Five  prizes  were  given  in  each  class, 
as  follows: — S.B.,  ist,  Mr.  H.  Startup,  Bromley,  wilh 
Fred  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  with  Thomas  Austiss  ;  3d,  Mr. 
R.  Lord,  with  Rayner  Johnson  ;  4th,  Mr.  Tom  Chap- 
man, Leicester,  with  Fred  ;  5th,  Mr.  J.  S.  Hedderley, 
with  Fred.  C.B.  :  ist,  Mr.  W.  Rowan,  with  Master 
Fred  (Hewitt);  2d,  Mr.  W.  Slack,  with  Walter  Ware 
(Ware)  ;  30,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  with  James  Merrywether 
(Simonite)  ;  4th,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  with  Master  Fred 
(Hewitt);  5th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Master  Fred. 
P.  and  P.B.  :  ist,  Mr.  W.  Slack,  with  Sarah  Payne 
(Ward)  ;  2d,  Mr.  Phillips,  with  Faust  (Phillips)  ;  3d,  the 
same,  with  Miss  Henderson  ;  4th  and  sth,  Mr.  H. 
Startup,  with  Harrison  Weir.  P.  F. :  ist,  Mr.  R.  Lord, 
with  Dr.  Foster  (Foster)  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Slack,  with  Dr. 
Foster  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  with  Mrs.  F.  Whitbourn 
(Simonite)  ;  4th,  Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood,  mth  President  of 
Corpus  ;  slh,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  wilh  Dr.  Foster.  S.F. :  ist, 
Mr.  J.  S.  "Hedderley,  with  Sportsman  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
with  Tom  Lord  ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  wilh  Sportsman  ; 
4th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  wilh  Tom  Lord  ;  slh,  Mr.  Hedder- 
ley, with  Sportsman.  R.F.  :  ist,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  wilh 
John  Keel  (Whitehead)  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Slack,  wilh  a 
seedling ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  wilh  Lovely  Ann  (Ely)  ;  4th. 
Mr.  B.  Simonile.  with  Cristagalli,  a  Lancashire-raised 
flower ;  '  s'h,  Mr.  Tom  Chapman,  with  Rob  Roy 
(Girton). 

Premier  Carnation.— This  was  George,  S.B.,  one  of  Mr. 
Dodwell's  finest  flowers  in  the  ist  prize  stand  of  twelve 
blooms,  shown  by  Mr.  W.  Rowan,  who  states,  it  always 
comes  in  the  best  character  in  his  garden  at  Clapham. 

Picotees. 
In  the  class  for  twelve  dissimilar  blooms  there  were 
seven  competitors,  and  six  prizes  were  awarded,  as  fol- 
lows ; — isr,  Mr.  Robert  Lord,  Todmorden,  Rose  E. 
Constance  Heron  (Fellowes)  ;  P.E.  Clara  Person  (Will- 
mer)  ;  Red  E.  (Princess  of  Wales  (Fellowes),  Rose  E., 
Miss  Wood  (Wood)  ;  Rose  E.  Liddingstone  Favourite, 
Red  E.  Mr.  Niven  (Niven),  P.  E.  Nymph  (Lord).  Rose 
Lady  Holmesdale  (Holmesdale),  Rose  E.  Julia  (Dod- 
well).  Red  E.,  Mrs  Gorton  (Simonite),  Red  E.  John 
Smith  (Bower)  ;  and  Red  E.  SeedUng.  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Lakin,  with  Red  E.  Dr.  Epps.  Rose  E.  Mrs.  Payne 
(Fellowes),  Red  E.  Mr.  Dodwell  (Turner),  P.E.  Zerlina 
(Lord),  Rose  E.  Royal  Visit  (Abercrombie),  P.  E.  Her 
Majesty  (Addis),  Rose  E.,  Liddingston  Favourite, 
Rose  E.    Edith    D'Ombrain   (Turner) ;    P.E.    Novelty 


(Matthews),  Red  E.  Mrs.  Gorton  (Simonite),  Rose  E. 
Daisy  (Dodwell),  Red  E.  John  Smith  (Bower).  3d,  Mr. 
M.  Rowan,  wilh  a  very  good  lot  of  flowers,  having  Zer- 
lina, Mr.  Dodwell,  Nelly,  a  lovely  Ught  rose  edge  ;  Dr. 
Epps,  Thomas  Wilham  (Flowdy),  Evelyn  (Hewitt),  Mrs, 
Gorton,  Edith  D'Gmbrain,  .Attraction,  Constance  Heron. 
Nymph,  and  Mrs.  Payne.  4lh,  Mr.  W.  Slack.  Chester- 
field, slh.  Mr.  Hedderley.  6th,  Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood. 
In  the  class  for  six  blooms  there  were  eight  com- 
petitors and  seven  prizes,  ist,  Mr.John  Whitham,  Hebden 
Bridge,  Yorkshire,  with  Edith  D'Ombrain,  Mrs.  Dodsvell, 
Clara  Penson,  Liddingston  Favourite,  Miss  Horner  and 
Zerlina,  a  very  pretty  lot  indeed  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  Austiss, 
Brill,  wilh  Purple  Prince,  Liddingston  Favourite, 
Baroness  Burdelt-Coutts,  Dr.  Epps,  Edith  D'Ombrain, 
and  a  Seedling  ;  3d.  Mr.  W.  Hovell,  Headinglon  Hill, 
Oxford,  with  Mrs.  Payne,  Dr.  Epps,  Tonnie  (Dodwell). 
Medium  Purple  E.,  Fanny  Helen  (Niven),  Edith  D'Om- 
brain, and  Zerlina  ;  4lh,  Mr.  W.  L.  Walker,  Reading; 
slh,  Mr.  W.  Bacon,  Derby  ;  6th,  Mr.  C.  Phillips  ;  ylh, 
Mr.  H.  Startup. 

As  in  the  case  of  the  Carnations,  so  with  the  Picotees, 
five  prizes  were  awarded  in  each  of  the  three  divisions 
for  single  blooms,  as  follows  : — Heavy  Red  E. :  ist,  Rev. 
J.  P.  Sharp,  wilh  a  seedling  ;  2d  and  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
with  Dr.  Epps  ;  4th,  Mr.  T.  Austiss,  with  Emma 
(Austiss)  ;  slh,  the  same,  with  William  Brazil  (Austiss). 
Light  Red  E. :  isl,  Mr.  Startup,  with^Thomas  William  ; 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  the  same  ;  3d  and  4lh,  Mr. 
Hedderley,  wilh  Mrs.  Bower.  Heavy  Purple  E.  :  jat, 
Mr.  B.  Simonile,  with  Mrs.  Niven  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  Austiss, 
with  Polly  (Simonite)  ;  3d.  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  Zerlina  ; 
4th,  Mr.  ).  Lakin,  with  Baroness  Burdetl-Coutts  ;  slh, 
Mr.  W.  Slack,  with  Muriel.  Light  Purple  E.  : 
1st,  Mr.  J.  P.  Sharp,  with  a  seedling,  and  3d,  with  the 
same  ;  2d  and  4th,  the  same,  with  a  seedling  ;  slh,  Mr. 
J.  Lakin,  with  Ann  Lord.  Heavy  rose-edge:  ist,  Mr. 
(.  P.  Sharp,  with  Mrs.  Sharp  (Sharp),  a  seedling,  heavy 
scarlet  edge,  of  a  very  bright  and  soft  shade  of  colour, 
pure  ground,  very  fine  petal ;  and  2d,  with  the  same  ; 
3d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Edith  D'Ombrain  ;  4th,  Mr.  J.  P. 
Sharp,  wilh  a  seedling  ;  sth,  Mr.  Tom  Chapman,  with 
Seedling  No.  i.  Light  rose-edge :  That  charming 
variety,  Liddingston  Favourite,  took  all  the  prizes  in  this 
class  ;  Mr.  R.  Lord  was  1st,  Mr.  T.  Austiss  2d,  3d,  and 
5th,  and  Mr.  J.  Lakin  4th. 

Premier  Picotee.— This  was  Nettie,  a  lovely  light  rose 
edge,  raised  by  the  late  Mr.  George  Rudd,  and  shown  by 
Mr.  M.  Rowan. 

Self,  Fancy,  or  Yellow  Ground  Carnations 
and  Picotees, 

Some  beautiful  flowers  were  shown  in  this  class,  espe- 
cially in  the  way  of  scarlet  and  crimson  grounds,  flaked 
wilh  maroon.  There  were  six  stands  of  twelve  blooms, 
and  the  six  prizes  were  awarded  as  follows  : — ist,  Mr. 
J.  Lakin,  with  Captain  Owen,  a  rare  flower  ;  Florence,  a 
pale  buff  self  ;  Jaira,  Mrs.  Pratt.  Mrs.  Dodwell,  Mrs. 
Gamlin,  Sir  B.  Seymour,  Huson  Morris,  and  seedlings. 
2d,  W.  Read,  gr.  to  A.  H.  Dodwell,  Esq.,  Oxford, 
with  Huson  Morris,  King  of  Yellows,  Mrs.  Holid.ay,  and 
some  very  fine  seedlings  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Sharp  ;  4th,  Mr. 
B.  Simonile  ;  s'h.  Mr.  T.  .Austiss  ;  6th,  unnamed.  Wilh 
six  blooms,  Mr.  J.  A.  Wallington  was  placed  ist  out  of 
ten  competitors  with  Governor,  Florence,  and  four  seed- 
lings— one  a  beautiful  yellow  ground  Picotee,  edged 
with  mauve ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Meddick,  with  Red  Rover, 
Robert  Lord,  a  rare  flower  ;  Mrs.  Coleman,  John 
Bailey,  and  seedlings  ;  3d,  no  name  ;  4lh,  Mr.  C. 
Phillips  ;  sth,  Mr.  Walker,  Reading  ;  6th,  Mr.  Startup. 

Premier  Self  ok  Fancy. 

This  was  a  superb  bloom  of  Huson  Morris,  shown  by 
A.  H.  Dodwell,  Esq.  It  has  a  rich  rosy-scarlet  ground, 
flaked  wilh  maroon. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  light 
rose-edged  Picotee  Mrs.  Sharp,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  P. 
Sharp,  Birmingham  ;  and  to  fancy  Picotee  Ada,  yellow 
ground,  wilh  a  trlcoloured  edge,  rose,  mauve,  and  pink, 
very  pretty  and  of  fine  quality.  It  was  raised  and  shown 
by  Mr.  J.  A.  Wallington,  Basingstoke. 


SOUTHAMPTON  :  August  i  and  3. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Southampton,  on 
the  dales  above  named,  well  sustained  ils  reputation  as 
being  one  of  the  best  shows  in  the  South  of  England. 
Competition  in  most  classes  was  keen,  while  the  exhibits 
were  so  close  in  merit  as  to  cause  the  judges  no  small 
amount  of  trouble  to  justify  their  awards.  The  spacious 
tent,  wherein  was  displayed  the  principal  plants  and 
groups  of  plants  for  effect,  viewed  from  the  entrance, 
reflected  great  credit  on  the  management  and  way  in 
which  they  were  disposed.  It  is  easily  understood 
what  plants  there  were  when  such  men  as  Messrs. 
Cypher,  Rann,  Tudgey,  and  Mould  put  forth  their 
utmost  in  friendly  rivalry.  Local  growers,  too,  are 
making  great  strides  in  this  branch  of  horticulture, 
particularly  in  the  case  of  Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Pearce,  The  Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton,  and  Mr.  .N. 
Blandford,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Haslefoot,  Moorhill,  West  End, 
Southampton.  The  former  had  a  collection  of  twelve 
plants,  which  were  awarded  ist  honours  in  the  class 
devoted  to  gardeners  only  ;  in  this  case  freshness  was 
remarkable,  combined  with  size  in  their  individual 
merits.  The  latter  staged  one  of  the  best  examples  of 
AUamanda  Hendersoni  that  has  ever  been  seen  ;  it  was 
quite  6  feet  in  diameter,  clothed  with  healthy  foliage 
down  to  the  top  of  the  pot,  and  had  over  200  fully 
developed  blooms,  besides  a  great  number  of  buds. 

Fruit  classes  were  weakest  in  point  of  numbers,  but 
the  quality  was  extra  good,  particuliirly  in  those  devoted 
to  Grapes. 

Vegetables  were  perhaps  not  quite  so  good  as  other 
years,  and  no  wonder,  when  the  lengthened  period  of 


August  S,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


187 


drought  is  considered,  but  still  they  would  be  hard  to 
beat  anywhere,  those  which  took  the  lead.  A  few  words 
ol  praise  are  quite  deserving  to  the  committee,  who  have 
striven  hard  to  encourage  horticulture  in  their  district, 
and  provide  exhibitions  worthy  of  the  place,  they  have 
had  many  drawbacks  to  contend  with,  such  as  bad 
weather  and  sites  to  hold  their  shows ;  now  that 
they  have  secured  Westwood  Park  on  a  long  lease, 
let  us  hope  great  success  is  in  store  for  them  in  the 
future.  To  the  indefatigable  Secretary  the  thanks 
of  the  exhibitors  are  specially  due  for  the  way  in 
which  he  manages  everything  for  their  convenience, 
evidently  he  understands  that  exhibitors  have  a  large 
share  in  making  a  show  a  success  in  a  horticultural  point 
of  view,  therefore  he  acts  accordingly  to  procure  a  good 
result,  which  goes  a  long  way  towards  encouraging  the 
general  public  to  appreciate  the  treat  provided. 

Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants. 

For  twelve,  six  to  be  in  bloom  and  six  foliage,  Mr.  J. 
Cypher,  Cheltenham,  was  an  easy  ist,  with  grand  speci- 
mens—Cycas  circinalis,  grand  in  colour,  and  extra  large 
size  ;  Latania  borbonica,  so  often  seen  that  it  is  needless 
describing  it ;  Croton  Sunset.  6  feet  in  diameter,  beauti- 
fully coloured  ;  Encephalartos  villosus,  Phoenocoma  pro- 
lifera  Barnesii,  s  feet  across,  in  the  pink  of  condition  ; 
Allamanda  nobilis,  freely  bloomed  ;  Dipladenia  Brear- 
leyana,  rich  in  colour  ;  and  a  freely  bloomed  plant  of 
Erica  Thorasoni.  were  some  of  them.  Mr.  C.  Rann,  gr. 
to  J.Warren.  Esq.,  Handcross  Park, Crawley,  Sussex,  was 
2d,  with  noble  foliage  plants,  but  rather  weak  in  flowering 
plants';  a  magnificent  plant  of  Statice  Gilberlii,  6  (eet  over, 
was  a  centre  of  attraction  in  this  group,  and  a  very  fine 
one  of  Croton  interruptus,  and  a  very  healthy  specimen  of 
Latania  borbonica  were  some  of  his  leading  plants  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Tudgey,  the  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross. 

For  the  same  number  of  plants,  confined  to  nursery- 
men, Mr.  J.  F.  Mould,  Pewsey,  Wilts,  was  ist.  Cycas 
revoluta,  Gleichenia  rupestris,  Dipladenia  Brearleyana, 
and  Erica  insignis  were  some  of  his  best.  Messrs. 
],  C.  &  H.  Ransom,  Shirley,  was  2d  ;  and  Messrs. 
Oakley  &  WatUng,  Southampton,  3d. 

For  the  same  quantity,  confined  to  gardeners  only, 
Mr.  E.  Wills  was  an  easy  ist,  with  particularly  fresh 
and  healthy  specimens  of  Cycas  revoluta,  Latania  bor- 
bonica, Verschaffeltii  splendida,  Statice  profusa,  6  feet  ; 
Kalosanthes  coccinea,  of  same  dimensions— very  freely 
flowered  and  a  richly  coloured  plant  of  Phcenocoma 
prolifera  Barnesii  ;  2d.  Mr.  N.  Blandford.  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Hasleloot,  Moor  Hill.  West  End.  Croton  Disraeli, 
richly  coloured,  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  previously 
named,  was  in  this  collection,  and  a  good  specimen 
Bougainvillea  glabra  formed  part  of  his  group  ;  Mr.  ]. 
Amys,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mr.  Eliot  Yorke.  Hamble  Cliff, 
Netley,  was  3d. 

For  nine  miscellaneous  plants,  W,  H.  Myers,  Esq. 
(gr.,  E  .  Molyneux),  was  a  somewhat  easy  ist  with 
Alocasia;macrohiza  variegata,  Croton  variegatus,  Bou- 
gainvillea glabra,  Trachelium  cceruleum  ;  2d,  F.  Dalgety, 
Esq  (gr.,  Mr.  I.  Budd),  Lockerly  Hall.  Romsey  ;  3d, 
the  President,  the  Hon.  H.  Crichton,  Netley  Castle 
(gr.,  Mr.  J.  Reynolds)  ;  4lh.  Miss  Todd,  Sidlord  Lodge, 
Shirley  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Peel). 

For  a  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect 
in  a  half  circle  measuring  16  leet,  Mrs.  Pearce  was  ist, 
with  an  elegant  composition  of  plants  well  suited  for  the 
purpose,  and  lightly  placed,  while  the  colours  were  in 
perfect  harmony  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ransom,  with  a  group  not 
far  behind  the  first-namsd,  just  having  a  little  too  much 
colour,  caused  by  a  little  too  free  use  of  Pelirgomuums 
and  Begonias  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Reynolds  ;  4th,  Mr.  N. 
Blandford  ;  5th,  Mr.  W.  Peel,  all  of  good  order. 

For  a  collection  of  Orchids,  space  6  feet  by  4,  ist,  H. 
J,  Buchan.  Esq.,  Wilton  House.  Southampton  (gr.,  Mr. 
r.  Osborne),  whose  collection  was  composed  of  choice, 
well-grown  specimens,  such  as  his  noted  place  for  this 
class  of  plants  can  produce.  The  following  were  some  of 
the  best  :— Dendrobium  Dearii,  Cypripedium  Veitchii, 
Oncidium  anosum  ;  2d,  Mr.  Blandford.  Messrs.  Oakley 
&  Watling  had  the  best  collection  of  nursery  stock  in 
pots,  not  to  exceed  8  inches,  followed  by  Mrs.  Kings- 
bury. Bevois  Nursery  ;  Mr.  G.  Windebank  and  Messrs. 
Ransom  in  the  order  named. 

For  six  Begonias,  Mr.  Wills  was  again  an  easy  ist  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Osborne  ;  3d,  Mr.  Blandford.  Mr.  Wills  ag.^in 
followed  up  his  previous  successes  with  six  Ferns  ;  Mr. 
Amys,  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Peel,  3d.  Fuchsias,  double  and 
single  zonal  Pelargoniums,  were  staged  in  goodly 
numbers  by  Mr.  G.  Windebank,  Messrs.  Ransom,  and 
Mr.  Wills,  were  the  leading  prize-winners. 

For  six  Celosias,  Mr.  Amys  was  ist  with  richly- 
coloured  specimens  ;  2d,  Mr.  Osborne  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wills. 
Mr.  Wills  was  ist  for  table  plants 

Coleus.— The  other  prize  winners  were  Messrs.  Budd, 

Thompson,  and  Amys.  ,     ^    ,,     ,j 

For  single  specimen  Heath.— ist,    Mr.  J.    F.   Mould, 

with  a  fresh  freely-bloomed  plant  of  Austiniana  ;  zd,  Mr. 

Cypher  ;  3d,  Mr.  Tudgey.  .  ,    t^     j 

For  specimen  Orchid.— ist,  Mr.  Wills,  with  Dendro- 
bium formosum  giganteum  ;  2d,  Mr.  Budd  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Osborne.  . 

For  specimen  foliage  plant.— ist,  Mr.  Rann,  with 
Croton  Youngli,  beautifully  coloured,  8  feet  over  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Kingsbury  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wills.  ^       .  j  . 

Amateurs  came  out  strong  m  the  classes  devoted  to 
plants  and  groups  ;  the  principal  prize-winners  were  Mr. 
Burch,  Avenue  Hotel  ;  Mr.  Betteridge,  Bassett  ;  Mr. 
Chamberlain,  &c. 

For  the  best-dressed  table  for  dessert,  8  feet  by  4  feet, 
Mr.  Cypher  was  an  easy  ist,  with  a  table  almost  as  near 
perfection  as  could  be,  ;  2d,  Mr.  I.  Chard,  Clapham 
Common,  London. 

Carnations,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  double  and  single, 
were  well  represented  by  Mr.  Molyneux,  Mr.  W.  Gilbert, 


Bishop's  Waltham  ;  Mr.  W.  Neville,  gr.  to  Mr.  Flight. 
Cornstiles,  Winchester. 

For  twenty-four  blooms  of  Roses.  —  ist,  Messrs. 
Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  ;  ad,  Messrs.  Cross  &  Steer, 
nurserymen,  Salisbury. 

For  twelve  blooms,  Roses.— ist,  Mr.  C.  Warden  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Neville  ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  West. 


For  eight  dishes  of  fruit,  Mr.  F.  Thompson,  gr.  to  W. 
Baring,  Esq.,  Norman  Court,  S.alisbury.'was  placed  1st, 
with  an  excellent  collection  consisting  of  Grapes — 
Madresfield  Court,  large  and  well  coloured  ;  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  large  in  bunch  and  berry  ;  Smooth  Cayenne 
Pine,  very  fine  Barrington  Peaches,  Elruge  Nectarines, 
Blenheim  Orange  Melon,  and  Moor  Park  Apricots  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Ward.  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford 
Castle,  Salisbury,  wl^se  best  dishes  were  Black  Ham- 
burgh Grapes,  a  very  large  and  well  ripened  Captain 
Lack's  Melon,  weighing  ii|  lb  ;  Moor  Park  Apricots, 
and  Queen  Pine  ;  3d,  Mr.  ].  Budd.  wiih  good  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grapes  and  Violette  H.itive  Nectarines. 

For  six  dishes,  Mr.  E.  Molyneux  obtained  ist  honours 
with  Muscatof  Alexandriaand  Madresfield  Court  Grapes, 
and  Golden  Perfection  Melon. 

For  three  bunches  black  Grapes,  Mr.  Ward  was  ist 
with  Madresfield  Court,  in  grand  condition,  the  berries 
large  and  carrying  a  beautiful  bloom ;  2d,  Mr.  C. 
Warden,  with  Black  Hamburgh,  well  finished  samples  ; 
Mr.  Molyneux  was  3d  with  same  variety,  equally  well 
finished  ;  4th,  Mr.  Thompson,  with  Madresfield  Court. 
For  three  bunches  of  wliite  grapes,  Mr.  Budd  was  ist 
with  very  large  well-coloured  samples  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  Molvneux  ;  3d,  Mr.  Thompson  ; 
4th.  Mr.  W.  Hills,  gr.  to 'Viscount  Gort,  East  Cowes 
Castle,  Isle  of  Wight,  all  showing  the  same  variety  ; 
for  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes.  Mr.  ].  E.  Axford.  gr. 
to  C.  M.  Shipley,  Esq.,  Twyford,  Winchester,  was 
ist  with  well  finished  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  ; 
2d,  Mr.  I.  Allen,  gr.  to  J.  Bailey,  Esq.,  Ellen- 
field  Hill,  Southampton  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Cox,  gr.  to  R.  King 
Wyndham,  Esq.,  Corhampton  House,  Bishops  Waltham  ; 
4th,  Mr.  Pope— all  showing  well.  Fof  the  same 
number  of  white  Grapes.  Mr.  Pope  was  ist,  with  Miiscat 
of  Alexandria,  fine  in  bunch  and  berry,  only  requiring 
more  time  to  make  them  perfect ;  2d,  Mr.  Osborne  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Axford  ;  4th,  Mr.  Amys.  For  single  bunch 
black  Grapes,  Mr.  Ward  followed  up  his  previous 
success  with  Madresfield  Court,  again  in  splendid  con- 
dition ;  Mr.  Molyneux  was  2d.  with  same  variety  ;  3d, 
Mr.  J.  Allen  :  4th,  Mr.  W.  Sanders,  gr.  to  J.  East.  Esq., 
Longstock  House,  Stockbridge.  For  one  bunch  of 
white  Grapes,  Mr.  Budd  took  the  card,  with  an  ex- 
cellent sample  of  Mrs.  Pearson  ;  2d,  Mr.  Thompson  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Sanders  ;  4th,  Mr.  W.  Ward. 

For  the  best  dish  of  Peaches,  Mr.  G.  Windebank  was 
ist,  with  Chancellor,  large  in  size  and  rich  in  colour ; 
2d.  Mr.  Thompson  :  3d,  Mr.  W.  Cotton,  Hamilton 
Nursery. 

For  the  best  dish  of  Nectarines  :  ist,  Mr.  W.  Cotton, 
with  Lord  Napier  ;  2d,  Mr.  Budd  ;  3d,  Mr.  Ward  ;  4th, 
Mr.  Jas.  Wood,  nurseryman,  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight. 

Mr.  W.  Sanders  was  ist  for  scarlet  Melon,  with 
Blenheim  Orange  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ward  ;  3d,  Mr.  Axford. 
For  best  green-flesh  Melon  Mr.  Thompson  was  ist,  with 
■Victory  of  Bath  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sanders  :  3d,  Mr.  Cotton. 

VEGET.4BLES. 

For  twelve  varieties  there  were  five  competitors.  Mr. 
G.  H.  Richards,  gr.  to  Earl  of  Normanton,  Somerley, 
Ringwood,  was  an  easy  first  with  Elephant  Onion, 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflowers,  International  Potatos,  very 
fine.  Perfection  Tomato  and  Intermediate  Carrots  as 
his  best  dishes ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Sanders,  who  had  fine 
International  Potatos,  Leviathan  Broad  Beans.  For 
nine  varieties,  the  same  number  of  exhibitors  staged— 
ist  was  awarded  to  Mr.  E.  Molyneux,  who  had  fine 
Giant  Rocca  Onions,  Veitch's  Giant  Cauliflower,  Cana- 
dian Wonder  Bean  as  his  best  dishes  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Allen, 
with  splendid  Tomatos  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Axford  ;  4th,  Mr. 
G.  Busby. 

For  four  sorts  of  Potatos,  ist.  Mr.  West,  gr.  to  J.  R. 
Wygram,  Esq..  Northlands,  Salisbury;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Sanders  ;  3d.  Mr.  Axlord  ;  4th,  Mr.  Ward.  For  twelve 
Onions,  Spring,  Mr.  Allen  was  ist ;  2d,  Mr.  Ward  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Busby  ;  4lh.  Mr.  Sanders.  For  twelve  Autumn 
Onions,  ist,  Mr.  Richards  ;  2d.  Mr.  Reynolds;  3d,  Mr. 
Allen  ;  4th,  Mr.  Cox.  The  best  brace  of  Cucumbers 
was  from  Messrs.  Molyneux,  Richards,  Amys,  and 
Ward,  in  the  order  named.  Cottagers  staged  excel- 
lent vegetables,  when  the  long  period  of  drought  is 
taken  into  consideration. 


©ijituaig* 

James  Cutbush.— The  announcement  of  the  sud- 
den death  of  this  gentleman  will  be  read  with  great 
sorrow.  Few  men  in  the  horticultural  world  were 
better  known,  or  commanded  more  respect.  On 
Saturday  night,  August  i,  he  was  present  at  the 
distribution  of  prizes  by  the  Baroness  Burdett- 
Coutts  in  connection  with  the  Brookfield  Horti- 
cultural Society,  South  Ilighgate,  of  which  the 
Baroness  is  the  patroness.  The  Baroness  had  dis- 
tributed the  prizes  and  addressed  the  meeting.  Mr. 
James  Cutbush,  who  with  his  usual  liberality  had 
lent  a  number  of  plants  for  the  decoration  of  the 
platform,  was  seconding  a  motion  for  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  officers  ol  the  Society,  when  he  was 


seized  with  an  apoplectic  fit  and  fell  forward  against 
those  who  were  sitting  near  to  him.  Medical  aid 
was  summoned,  and  Mr.  Cutbush,  who  had  some- 
what recovered,  was  removed  to  his  home  at  High- 
gate,  where,  however,  he  was  seized  with  another 
fit,  and  died  at  midnight.  Mr.  Cutbush  was  the 
head  of  the  well-known  firm  of  W.  Cutbush  &  Son, 
at  Highgate,  Barnet,  and  Finchley,  an  establishment 
which  ranks  among  the  oldest  in  the  kingdom,  having 
been  in  existence  for  more  than  180  years,  and  which 
has  been  greatly  extended  since  Mr.  James  Cutbush 
assumed  their  management  more  than  thirty  years 
ago.  Heaths  and  other  hatd-wooded  greenhouse 
plants  such  as  have  gone  somewhat  out  of  fashion 
now-a-days  were  cultivated  by  him  with  great  suc- 
cess, and  he  was  one  of  those  by  whom  the  bulb  trade, 
which  has  now  assumed  such  large  proportions,  was 
first  developed,  and  he  was  the  first  to  exhibit  forced 
bulbs  at  the  London  and  provincial  shows,  Mr, 
Cutbush  was  not  only  a  successful  cultivator,  but  his 
large  knowledge  of  plants  of  all  descriptions,  his 
correct  judgment  and  strict  impartiality,  led  to  his 
being  frequently  called  on  to  give  his  services  as  a 
judge  at  the  leading  exhibitions.  Mr.  Cutbush  was 
in  his  fifty-eighth  year,  and  was  born  at  Ashford, 
Kent. 

Henry  Thomas  Ellacombe.  — j  We  have  to 
record  the  death  of  a  venerable  archreologist,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Thomas  Ellacombe,  Rector  of  Clyst  St. 
George,  near  Topshara,  Devon,  which  occurred  on 
Thursday,  July  30.  The  deceased,  who  was  ninety- 
five  years  ol  age,  graduated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford, 
taking  his  bachelor's  degree  in  1812,  and  proceeding 
M.A.  in  due  course.  Me  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1816  by  the  Bishop  of  Exeter,  Dr.  Pelham,  and  was 
admitted  to  priest's  orders  in  the  following  year  by 
the  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  Dr.  Monk.  Having  held, 
for  a  few  years  successively  the  curacies  of  Cricklade 
and  Bitton,  he  was  appointed  in  1S35  to  the  vicarage 
of  the  latter  parish,  which  he  held  till  1850.  He 
afterwards  held  the  rectory  of  Clyst  St.  George.  Mr. 
Ellacombe  was  the  author  of  several  privately-printed 
works  on  church  beils  and  other  historical  works, 
including  The  Bells  of  Devonshire,  Practical  Remarks 
on  Belfiics  and  Ringers,  The  Bells  of  Exeter  Ca- 
thedial.  The  Bells  of  Somerset,  The  History  of  [Clyst 
St.  George,  and  History  oj  the  Manor  of  Bitton. 

To  gardeners  Mr.  Ellacombe  will  be  best  known 
for  the  large  collection  of  hardy  and  herbaceous 
plants  which  he  gathered  together  and  tended  with 
such  loving  care  at  Bitton  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Ellacombe  began  collecting  when  such  plants  were  in 
vogue,  and,  undeterred  by  the  fleeting  influence  of 
fashion,  he  continued  their  culture  during  the  years 
when  such  plants  were  the  subjects  of  undeserved 
neglect,  and  was  happy  enough  to  live  to  witness  and 
enjoy  the  reaction  in  their  favour.  A  catalogue  which 
he  drew  up  of  the  plants  cultivated  by  him  shows 
how  catholic  were  his  tastes,  and  the  topographical 
indications  manifest  how  well  he  studied  the  varying 
requirements  of  the  plants  he  loved  so  well.  Removal 
to  Devonshire  was  not  suffered  to  interfere  with  his 
gardening  tasles,  and  he  repeated  at  Clyst  St.  George, 
so  far  as  circumstances  would  permit,  the  collecting 
and  cultivation  of  plants,  retaining  his  interest  in 
them  up  to  the  last.  It  is  pleasant  to  think  of  the 
venerable  clergyman  cheered  and  supported  through 
a  long  and  responsible  career  by  his  appreciation  of 
matters  archreological  and  botanical,  and  the  nu- 
merous friendships  with  men  of  congenial  tastes  and 
similar  pursuits.  The  pleasure  they  afforded  him  was 
manifest  even  in  his  letters,  and  it  is  only  a  short 
time  since  we  had  evidence  of  the  extent  to  which  his 
mind  was  influenced  by  them  as  a  relief  from  graver 
matters. 

It  is  pleasant  also  to  remember  that  the  mantle  ot 
the  father  has  fallen  on  the  shoulders  of  the  son,  and 
Bitton  now,  as  in  the  past,  remains  one  of  the  pil- 
grimage places  for  those  who  love  plants,  and  esteem 
those  who  cultivate  them  for  their  intrinsic  qualities 
of  head  and  heart. 


Plum  St.  Etienne.— This  extremely  early  and 
valuable  little  Plum  is  comparatively  unknown.  It 
ripens  somewhat  in  advance  of  Rivers  Early  Pro- 
lific being  in  fact  the  earliest  of  all  Plums  grown 
here.  At  the  present  time  August  3,  the  greater 
portion  of  the  crop  on  a  standard  tree,  is  lying  on 
the  ground.  The  fruit  is  of  a  medium  size,  almost 
quite  round— orange-yellow,  with  firm  sweet  flesh 
like  the  Orleans  class,  parting  freely  from  the  stone. 
It  is  well  worthy  of  cultivation  as  an  early  variety, 
and  is  described  in  Hogg's  Fruit  Manual.  A.  F.  B. 


1 88 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  18 


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E.  N.E  0  24 

July  30. — Dull  morning,  fin 
—     31. — Dull  morning,  fin 


and  bright  afterwards, 
and  bright  afterwards. 


-Dull  day. 
—Dull  day,  sun  shining  at  times. 
-Dull  day. 

—Very  fine  morning,  dull  afternnon  and  evcnicg. 
-Slight  showers  of  rain  during  the  day.     Thunder- 
storm at  7  P.M. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  I,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  ihe  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.28  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.33  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  26ih,  decreased  to  30  26  inches  by  5  P.M.  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.36  inches  by  9  A.M., 
decreased  to  30.24  inches  by  I  p.m.  on  the  27th, 
increased  to  30.36  inches  by  9  a.m.,  decreased  to 
30.29  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  2Sth,  increased  to 
30.33  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  29lh,  decreased  to 
30.29  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  30th,  and  was  30.12 
inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  oi  the  sea  was  30.25  inches,  being  0.C4 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.31  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature, — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  87°.!,  on  the  26ih  ;  on 
August  I  the  highest  was  69".  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  76°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  54°,  on  August  I  ; 
on  the  27lh  the  lowest  teoaperature  was  58°. 5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
56°.  7. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
28". 9,  on  the  26th  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  29th,  was 
13°. 3.      The   mean  of  the  seven   daily   ranges  was 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  26t,h,  72*.  2  ; 
on  the  27th,  69''.9  ;  on  the  281b,  61^.9  ;  on  the  29, h, 
60°;  on  the  30th,  6o^S  ;  on  the  31st,  59^.6;  and 
on  August  1st,  60". I;  of  these  the  first  two  were 
above  the  average  by  10°  and  7^7  respectively,  and 
the  rest  were  below  by  0°.3,  2'. 3,  i°,5,  2°.7,  and 
2^2  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  63".  5, 
being  o°.i  lower  than  last  week,  and  i".2  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  13S",  on  the  27th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  127°.5. 

Hain. — No  rain  fell  during  Ihe  week. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  I,  the  highest  temperatures  were  89^I 
at  Nottingham,  89"  at  Truro,  S7''.8  at  Cambridge  ; 
the  highest  at  Newcastle,  68",  at  Sunderland  69°,  at 
Liverpool    74°.S     The  general  mean  was  8I^5. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  44'  at  Hull,  45*  at 


Leeds,  46°  at  Sheffield  ;  the  lowest  at  Blackheath 
was  54**,  at  Brighton  52°.3,  at  Plymouth  52'. 2. 
The  general  mean  was  48^4. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  41''  at  Truro  and 
Leeds,  38'. 8  at  Cambridge;  the  smallest  ranges 
were,  at  Newcastle  18°,  at  Sunderland  22",  at  Liver- 
pool 25°. 3.     The  general  mean  was  33°.  I. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  77°.  4,  at  Biackhealh  76°.  2,  at  Wol- 
verhampton 74'.  7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Newcastle, 
64°.!,  at  Hull  64°.7,  at  Sheffield  66°.7.  The  general 
mean  was  71°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  56°. 7,  at  Brighton  56°. 3.  at 
Piymouth  56''.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  51°. 5' 
at  Wolverhampton  52*.2,  at  Truro  52°.3  The  general 
mean  was  S3*.S. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro,  25^I, 
at  Wolverhampton  22°. 5,  at  Bristol  20°  4  ;  and  was 
least  at  Sunderland,  9°. 3,  at  Newcastle  li°.6,  at  Hull 
12'.     The  general  mean  was  1 7".  2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton, 
63°.5,  at  Truro  62''.9,  at  Plymouth  62'-7  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Sunderland  55°. 4,  at  Newca!^tle  56  .5,  at 
Hull  56". 8.     The  general  mean  was  6o°.5. 

Hain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.30  inch  at  New- 
castle. 0.21  inch  at  Sunderland,  0.03  inch  at  Preston. 
No  rain  fell  at  Truro.  Plymouth,  Brighton,  Bristol, 
Blackheath,  Wolverhampton,  Nottingham,  Sheffield, 
Liverpool,  Bolton,  Hull,  or  Bradford.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.03  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  I,  the  highest  temperature  was  82°,  at 
Edinburgh  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  highest  temperature  was 
68".  6.     The  general  mean  was  76".  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  45°,  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Greenock  the  lowest  temperature  was 
5i°.2.     The  general  mean  was  47°. 6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
64*. 3 ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  was  57°.6.  The  general 
mean  was  60°.  7. 

I\ain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.25  inch,  at   Edin- 
burgh,   and    the    smallest    fall    was    002   inch,    at 
Aberdeen.     The  general  mean  fall  was  o,  14  inch. 
JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Address  Wanted. — The  present  address  of  Messrs. 
Hancock  &  Gankroger,  seedsmen  and  florists,  late  of 
77,  High  Friars  Street,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  is  inquired 
for. 

Carnation  :  C.  df  Co.  It  does  not  seem  to  differ  from 
the  Rose  Malmaison,  a  sport  of  which  several  years 
ago  is  now  in  many  gardens,  but  which  does  not 
find  favour  like  the  old  variety. 

Cvathea  tealbata  :  L,  Yes,  you  might  certainly 
include  this  among  "  six  exotic  Ferns,"  if  nothing  is 
said  to  the  contrary. 

Insects:  G.  H.  The  minute  white  semi-transparent 
worm-like  insects  with  small  black  heads  (of  which  we 
found  a  number  in  the  earth  in  your  box)  have  nothing 
to  do  with  the  Eucharis  mite  ;  they  are  the  larva:  of  a 
very  small  midge  often  seen  in  greenhouse  pots  kept 
too  damp  (Molobrus,  sp.).  A  pupa  of  the  midge  was 
also  found.  Water  with  lime  or  gas-tar  water,  or  Gis- 
hurst  fluid.  /.  O.  IV.—  A.  M.  The  insect  sent  is  the 
caterpillar  of  one  of  the  smaller  species  of  Hepiabus.  a 
"swift"  moth.  A  O.   IV. 

Insects  on  Eucharis:  D.  McS.  Your  plant  is  affected 
with  the  Eucharis  mite  :  see  Gard.  Chron.,  pp.  440, 
448,  April  4,  18S5. 

Names  of  Plants  :  G.  F.  G.  i,  Rudbeckia  lacini- 
ata  ;  2,  Cnicus  oleraceus  ;  3.  Anaphalis  margaritacea  ; 
4,  Thalictrum  flavum  ;  5.  Lythrum  salicaria,  large 
variety  ;  6.  Malva  raoschata.  —  T.  S.  Lilium  Leicht- 
linii  —H.  H.  D.     Rosa  hibernica.— Z)/;mot/<-^  b*  Sons. 

1.  Commelyna  coelestis  ;  2,  Origanum  dictamnus. — 
A'.  S.  L.  .Acanthus  spinosus. — A.  H.  Diploiaxis 
muralis.  variegated.  The  fungus  is  the  common  Slink- 
horn  (Phallus  impudicus). — Rob.  Desfontaineaspinosa, 
hardy  in  some  places. — Hnquirer.   i,  Carex  paniculata  ; 

2,  Carex  axillaris  ;  3,  Sison  Amomum  ;  4.  the  American 
Waterweed  (Anacharis  alsinastrum)  ;  5.  Ranunculus 
aquatilis  ;  6,  Potamogeton  praelongus. — Delta.  Del- 
phinium Madame  Keteleer,  not  wild. — Camjee.  A 
form  of  Berberis  Darwinii. — F.  Gunnin^^.  Valeriana 
dioica. — Redwood.     Dracocephaluni   peregrinum. — S. 

IV.  IV.  Your  flower  is  a  Dipladenia,  we  cannot 
say  which  one.— 7.  J.  W.  1.  Morina  longifolia  ;  2. 
Phyteuma  orhiculare  ;  3,  Stachys  Betonica  ;  4,  Crepis 
setosa. 
New  Seedling  Carnation  :  H.  G.  S.  A  nicely 
shaped  bright  orange-scarlet  flower,  which  would  be 
very  showy  in  the  border  if  of  good  habit. 

Pea  Chancellor  :  Webb  h*  Sons.  Avery  fine  looking 
Pea,  pods  very  long  and  well  filled — somewhat  too  old 
to  allow  us  to  judge  of  the  quality.    At  Chiswick, 


where  we  have  noted  it  growing  this  season,  it  is  well 
thought  of. 

Strawberries  :  W.  L.  b*  Son.  Your  method  of  cul- 
ture is.  without  doubt,  the  correct  one.  but  it  is  not 
new  or  original  ;  all  good  growers  adopt  the  same 
system.  The  fruit  sent  is  but  a  poor  sample.  As  (or 
any  benefit  to  be  derived  from  "  selecting  plants  tliat 
show  a  tendency  to  develope  four  or  five  leaflets  on  a 
petiole,  ■'  there  can  be  none  except  for  curiosity.  More 
than  twenty-five  years  ago  a  selection  of  the  Filbert 
Pine  Strawberry,  under  the  name  of  "  Cinquefolia,'" 
was  in  cultivation  ;  so  that  your  five-leaved  selection 
of  Filbert  Pine  is  nothing  new. 

Vine  Leaves  Injured:  W.  B.  S.  We  regret  that  we 
cannot  explain  the  dried  and  browned  condition  of 
the  leaves  sent.  There  are  no  parasites  present,  either 
vegetable  or  animal.  Something  is  probably  wrong 
in  your  mode  of  culture,  either  in  ventilation  heat,  or 
possibly  dryness  at  roots. 

%*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  ^'Editor,"  and  not  to  the  Publisher, 
or  to  any  member  of  the  staff  personally.  The  Editor 
would  also  be  obliged  by  such  communications  bting 
■written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent  as  early 
in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents  sending 
newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs 
they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Driiry  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  79.  Southwark  Street,  London, 
S.E — Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Flower  Roots. 

Carter,  Page  &  Co.,  63,  London  Wall,  E.C.,  City- 
Dutch  Bulbs  and  Flower  Roots. 

Little  &  Ballantyne,  Carlisle— Flower  Roots. 

L.  Spath,  Rixdorf,  Berlin— Flower  Bulbs,  Strawberries, 


Ro 


,  &c. 


Ant  Roozen  &  Son,  Overveen,  Haarlem,  Holland,  and 
3.  Cross  Lane.  St.  Mary-ai-Hill,  London,  E.C. 
—Dutch  and  Cape  Bulbs. 

Ali-red  Legerton,  5.  Aldgate,  London.  E.— Whole- 
sale Catalogue  of  Dutch  and  other  Flower  Roots. 


Co: 


TioNs  RECEIVED  :-J.  D.  D.— Dr.  Bull.— The  New 
Plant  Company.  — R.  Manning,  Bo.ston,  U.S.  — Heckford  (see 
our  last  number,  p.  150).— \V.  W.  HeckfiL-ld— Canon  Ella- 
combe.— D.  T.  F.— G.  N.— W.  Miller.-C.  Ra^mo,  Inn^pruck. 
— R.  Cleaver.- C.  Webb  &  Sons. -A.  C.  B.— T.  iM.— J.  G.  B. 
— T.  L.  M.,  Guernsey. — J.  Douglas. — A.  R.— Sutton&  Sons. 


DIED,  July  29.  at  Pitfold  House,  Haslemere.  George 
Jackson,  late  of  the  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


COVENl    GARDE y,    August    6. 

(Thk  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  rcspon.'sible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed-J 

Large  consignments  of  Grapes  and  Tomatos  from  the 
Channel  Islands  are  now  reaching  us,  and  this  being 
holiday  week,  trade  has  been  quiet,  and  clearances  only 
made  at  lower  prices.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple 
Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Pric 


Apples,  per  %-s\x 
Cherries.  J^-sieve 
Currants,  red,  %-i 
—  black.  J4-siev( 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries.  J^-sr 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


15  0-30  . 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

per  dozen  ..  ..30-.. 

Beans,  tng.,  per  lb.  o  4-  .. 
Beet,  per  dozen  ..  10-.. 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  6-  2  < 
Carrots,  per  bunch. .  06-.. 
Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, spring. per  doz.  2  c^-  4  ( 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1  6-  2  ( 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o  6-  1  < 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  20-.. 
Garlic,  per  lb.  ..06-.. 

Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o  2-  o  ■ 
Horse  Radish,  bun.  ;i  o-  4  c 
Lettuces.  Cab-,  doz.  10-.. 
—  English  Cos,  doz.  16-.. 

Potatos.— New  Potatos  are  1 
rsuige  firgm  ft% 


10-20  Lemons,  per  case 
4  0-10  o  I  Melons,  each 
30-36;  Peaches,  per  doz.  . .  20-81 
4  6-  4  9  I  Pine-apples,  Eng., lb.  20-31 
20-..  I  —  St.  Michael,  each  26-51 
:  2  o-  2  3  I  Strawberries,  per  lb.  03-01 
09-20 

—Average  Retail  Prices. 


Mint,  green,  bunch..  04-.. 

Mushrooms,  per  bas- 
ket      I  o-  1  I 

Onions,  per  bushel..  60-.. 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  06-.. 

Parsley,  per  bunch. .    04-.. 

Peas,  per  quart        , .    i  o-  i 

Radishes,  per  dozen  1  o-  2  ■ 

Small   salading,    per 

punnet       ..  ..04-.. 

Spinach,    per  bushel  40-.. 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     ..06-0 

Turnips,  new,  bunch  06-.. 

Vegetable   Marrows, 
each  ..         ..03-.. 

:oming  very  small,  and  prices 
t9j^6per  ton. 


August  8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


189 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholbsalb  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  dor.  6  0-18  o 
Arbor-vita:  (golden), 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  o-i8  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  0-12  o 
Kouvardia,  dozL'n  ..  9  0-18  o 
Lalceolarias,  doz.  . .  40-60 
Carnations,  12  pot-...  6  0-12  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 


I  Foliage  Plants,  vari 

I  Fuchsias,  per  doze 
I  Hydrangeas,  dozen. 
Lilium  auratum.  pe 

;      dozen         ..         . 

I     —   longifoH-m      Hn. 

I  Lob=i: 


^tx  do, 


per  dozen  , 

Evergreens, 

per  dozen  . 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  2  c 
Arum  Lilies.  12  bims.  3  c 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  t 
i^arnations,  12  bun...  2  c 

—  12  blooms  ..  I  c 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  2  c 
Euchari>;,  per  dozen  3  c 
(jardenias,  12  blooms  3  c 
Lapagena,  white,  i» 

blooms       . .  . .  2  c 

—  red,  12  blooms  ..  i  c 
Lavender,  12  bunch.  4  c 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms..  ..   2  f 

Marguerites.  12  bun.  3  c 
Mignonette,  12  bun.   i  ( 


L,oD=iia,  per  aoz.    . . 
Marguerite       Dai-.y, 

'  Musk,  per  dozen     .. 
,  Myrtles,  per  dozen. . 
!  Palms      in     variety, 
each  .. 

Pelargoniums,        per 
dozen 
,    —  scarlet,  dozen     .. 
Rhodanthe,  per  doz. 


Picotees,  12  bun.     ..    ; 
Pinks,  var.,  12  bun. 
Primula, double,  bun.  ( 
Rhodanlhe,  12    bun.  ( 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  ; 

—  coloured,    dozen  : 

—  per  doz.  bunches  : 
Stephanotis,  12  spr- .  : 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  : 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

Tropaiolum,  12  bun. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Aug.  5.— The  luarket  to-day  was  very 
thinly  attended,  and  presented  quite  a  holiday  appear- 
ance. Tiiere  is  rather  more  inquiry  for  Trifulium  incar- 
natiim  :  the  quality  of  the  new  crop  is  exceptionally  fine. 


In  Mustard 
f  owing  orders  come 
seed  is  very  good, 
prevail  for  same, 
opening  rates 


there  is  no  quotable  change 
;  to  hand  freely.  This  season's  I^ape 
and  extremely  low  prices  at  present 
New  winter  Tares  are  now  offering  : 
moderate.  Holders  of  blue  boiling 
Peas  have  increased  their  prices  as  crop  accounts  con- 
tinue so  bad.  Feed  Linseed  tends  upwards.  Jokn  Shaw 
fir*  Sons,  Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


CORN. 

There  was  no  business  transacted  in  Mark  Lane  on 
Monday,  it  being  Bank  Holiday.  On  Wednesday  the 
lack  of  demand  was  not  relieved,  and  with  inactivity 
prices  remained  unchanged  for  both  Wheat  and  flour. 
Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas  met  a  quiet  demand  at  lite 
rales.  Maize  was  steady,  with  a  moderate  demand. 
— .Average  prices  of  corn  for  wetk  ending  August  i  : — 
Wheal,  34J.  1(1^.  ;  Barley,  27J. ;  Oats,  22(.  bJ.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  37J.  61/.  ; 
B..rley,  27..  6^.  ;  Oats,  22 r.  yd. 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  supplies  were  in 
excess  of  demand  in  the  beast  market,  and  prices  conse- 
([uently  ruled  against  the  seller,  bheep  realised  about 
the  previous  Monday's  prices,  with  a  steady  sale.  Prime 
iambs  were  the  turn  dearer,  and  calves  a  very  dull  sale, 
ijuolations : — Beast?,  3^^.  lod.  to  41".  6(/, ,  and  41.  Zd.  to 
51  ;  calves,  y.  to  41.  hd.  ;  sheep,  41.  to  41.  8</..  and  $s. 
to  5.t.  6d.  ;  lambs,  5.^.  6d.  to  6,(.  ^d.  —  On  Thursday 
the  trade  for  beasis  remained  very  quiet,  and  late 
rates  were  not  maintained  without  difficulty.  Sheep  and 
limbs  wert^  in  fair  supply.  A  rather  better  inquiry  pre- 
vailed, and  rates,  though  without  quotable  change,  were 
steady.  Calves  were  dull  and  weak.  Pigs  somewhat 
dearer. 

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
was  very  dull,  with  moderate  supplies.  Quotations  : — 
Clover,  prime,  8oj.  to  107J. ;  prime  second  cut,  85J.  to 
I07J^. ;  inferior,  bos.  to  751.  ;  hay,  prime,  70^.  to  98J.; 
interior,  20J.  to  60^. ;  and  straw,  281.  to  38^.  per  load. — 
On  Thursday  there  was  a  moderate  supply  on  sale. 
The  trade  was  dull  at  late  rates.— Cumberland  Market 
quotations  : — Clover,  best,  851.  to  lojr.  ;  inferior,  6oj. 
to  801.  ;  hay,  best,  85J.  to  97J.  6d.  ;  second,  75J.  to  84J.  ; 
inferior,  40J.  to  6oi.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  36^.  per  load. 


POTATOS. 

The  Borough  and  Spitalfields  Markets  reports  state 
that  harvest  work  is  shortening  supplies  a  little,  but  they 
are  still  quite  adequate  to  demand,  which  is  limited. 
Quotations:— Regents,  iio^.  to  120s.  \  Magnum  Bo- 
nums,  iioj.  to  120J.  ;  Shaws,  90^.  to  looj.  ;  Early  Roses, 
85J.  to  95;.  ;  jersey  rounds,  85J.  to  95J.  ;  kidneys,  nor. 
to  140J.  per  ton. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week : — Bebside  West  Hartley,  14;.  9^.  ;  East 
Wylam,  15J.  6d,  ;  Holywell  Main,  14J.  6d.  ;  Ravens- 
worth  West  Hartley,  141.  ^d.\  Walls  End— Tyne  (un- 
screened), T\s.  3(/,  ;  Hetton,  15 j.  6d.  ;  Helton  Lyons, 
»3J-.  dd.  ;  Lambton,  15^.  6d.  ;  Wear,  141.  ;  Binchester, 
13J.  9^. :  East  Hartlepool.  14;.  ^d.  ;  South  Hartlepool, 
13J.  9<f.  ;  Tees,  15J.  6d.\  Dowlais  Merthyr,  i6s. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Qnalily 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  "Tins,  1  6  eacli. 

))                   ))  '^  D      „ 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  Bag. 

„         2    „  20  0       ,, 

1    M  37  6       „ 


II 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Hferchants. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  frj^h  only.  iJ.  per  bag  ;  15  bae<,  i2i.  ;  30  bjgs. 
2M  .  sent  to  all  pans  :  t.uclt..  iv-.  Iree  lo  Kail.  PEaT  and 
lO.\M.— A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Mary  Axe.  Lordon,  E  C. 

A      QBEAT      SUCCESS. 
JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accotdirg  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  watering-can, 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price.  3i.  6d.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40  galloD  Casks, 
£i  101.     Orriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY  COMPOUNDS   CO.   (Limited), 

43,   (_annf'n   Street.   Londnn,   E.C. 


YOU  CAN  IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 


And  PARASITES  that  , 
(whither  at  the 


ifest  Trees  and  Plants 

thf  foliage)  by  using 


FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  {^^^^) 


Black  Fly         ,  ^u  Insect  pesta  are  speedily  ;  Thrip 
Woolly  Aphis    cleared  by  the  use  of  Fir  Tree    Red  Spider 
Grubs  ^  Oil.      Eflfectual,    Economical,  |  Caterpillars 

.„».  (  and  Safe.    It  does  not  injure,  hj-ij 

Ants  J  Flowers,  Foliage,  or  the  bloom  ',  " '  '"="' 

Worms  ,  on  Grapes,  Stone  Fruit,  &c.     1  Scale,  &c. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  destroys  Lice  and  Fleas  on  Animals;  it 
will  cure  Ringworm  and  all  Skin  Diseases  produced  hy 
Parasites,  and  is  perfectly  harmless  to  the  Hands  ^  Skin. 
Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  1  C.  2/6,  and  4/6  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  3J,  extra.  Per  Million  12  6,  or  less  in  larger  quantities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL,  as  an  INSECTICIDE.  Its 
application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale  :-HOOPER  *  CO  ;  CORIiY,  SOPER,  FOWLER 

AND  CO.;   C.  E.  OSMAN  &  CO.;  and  from  all  the  London 

Seed  Merchantii  and  Wholesalp  Patent   Medicine    Hotisea. 

New  York  ;-ROLKEK  &  80NB. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     etlNHlLL    KOW     LONDON     EO 


K   t  I 


LASCliLLEy  NEW  ROCKWORK  mateiial  in  vatiot 
olours.     Samples  ctn  be  seen  and  plices  obtained  at 

121,  Biinhill  Row,  and  35    Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhou-es.  an 
ronseivjtories.  and  Concrete  Sli.bs  fur  walls,  paihs,  and  stage: 
ent  pyst-lree  tn  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted; — 

b  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free 
13  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         „ 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wiue,         ,,  ,,         ,, 

12  feet  long,  5  leet  wide,         ,,  „         „ 

'i  he  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  iti. 


useful    kind   of 


B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers. 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

DEANE    &    CO.'S 
"GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 


10  ft.  long,  8  ft.  wide,  10  ft.  6  in.  high. 

Price    complete,   with  staging,   coloured   glass,   gutter,    and 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Apparatus,     Fiected  complete  within 

15  miles  of  London  Bridge,  or  delivered  carriage  free  lo  any 

station  in  E,„.and.  ^^5. 

LARGER  SIZES,  complete  as  above, 

13  ft.  by  8  tt.       15  ft.  by  9  ft.       20  it.  by  10  ft.       25  it.  by  12  ft. 
£28.  £35  10s.  £44  10s.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Green- 
houses, &c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE 
ON  APPLICATION. 

Surveys  made  and  Plans  and  Estimates  Free. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^'st'^ref.E.c"""}  LONDON  BRIDGE. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 


(Li, 


Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenliouses,  Garden  Seats,  fee , 

•ly  moderate  prices. 


Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATBR,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTBR. 


I  go 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  8,  i8 


THE  GARDENER^  CHROKICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Line  cluirsed  <"  tvio. 

15  Lines. ..^o     8     6 


4  Lines. 

.f,o 

^ 

o 

5     „    . 

.     0 

6 

6     „    . 

..    o 

4 

o 

7     „    . 

.    o 

4 

6 

8     „    . 

.    o 

■; 

o 

9     „ 

.     0 

=; 

6 

10    „    . 

.    o 

6 

o 

11     „    ■ 

.    o 

6 

6 

12     „    . 

.    o 

7 

o 

13     „    . 

.      0 

7 

6 

14     „    . 

.    o 

S 

o 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


o  9 
o  9 
o  :o 
o   lo 

o    II 

O  II 
O  12 
O     12 

o   13 


t  across  colunins,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

Pace  £g    o    o 

Half  Page 500 

Column        3     S     o 


GAEDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  dd.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  — Advertisers  are  caittwned 
a^ahist  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sr.  each  insertion. 

A  ivertisements  lor  the  current  week  must  reetch  tht  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   Unitrd  Kingdom:   12  Months.  £1  3a,  lOd. ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63, 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China)  :    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  lor  12  Months  :    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 
Post-office   Orders   to  be   made  payable   at    DRURY  LANE, 
W.C,  to  W.  Ri. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


"SIMPLESS"  FLOWER-POT  CLEANSER. 

Will  Clean  any  sized  Pot  Inside  and  Out  at  same  time 

without  alteration.     Can  be  Fixed  to  any 

Tub  or  Tank. 

Price  of  Cleanser,    without    Tub,  £2  12b.  6d. 

Less  i'Aper  cent,  for  Cash  with  Order. 
Tub  supplied  if  required.      Price  on  application. 


Orders  to  be  sent  to  Sole  Proprietor, 

W.  E.  BENNETT,  Thurstones,  Leyland,  near  Preston. 

X  TAKE    NOTICE    OF  X 

WOOD  &  MILTON'S  PATENT. 

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H  1  111  1  I  1  Mi.ert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
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m  lei    111  I  I     W    Ikcn  tein. 

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WOKKS    OF    AUTHOKITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
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CO.,    Bouverie 


AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK, 
•  Tottenham  Nurseries,  at  Dedemsvaart.  near  Zwolle. 
Netherlands,  bees  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  few  VACANCIES 
for  young   GENTLEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 


AT/ANTED,  a  Man  and  Wife.— Man   experi- 

»V  enced  GARDENER,  Wife  for  LAUNDRY;  also 
Man  as  GROOM  and  .\tlend  Live  Stock.— Apply  by  letter, 
J.  J.  C,  36,  Holford  Square,  W.C. 

ANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER 

(married),  to  take  charge  of  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden 
aiid  a  Conservatory  ;  Wife  to  undertake  the  Laundry  Work. — 
Slate  wages  required  to  HEAD  GARDENER,  Westsate 
House,  Sleaford,  Lincolnshire. 

WANTED,  a  married  Couple— MAN  as 
Under  Gardener,  and  WIFE  to  Milk  Cows  and  attend 
to  and  Rear  Poultry.  None  need  apply  unless  with  good 
characters,  and  the  wife  thoroughly  understanding  her  duties. 
Wages  34J.  per  week,  with  cottage. — Apply  in  first  instance,  by 
letter,  to  H.,  Sunbury  Court,  Suubury. 

Nursery  Foreman  Wanted. 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  in 
a  Provincial  Nursery.  Must  be  an  expert  Budder 
and  Grafier,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Ftuit  Trees,  Evergreens, 
&c.,  and  be  competent  to  execute  orders.  Liberal  wages  offered 
to  a  .'.uitable  man.  —  Apply,  stating  age,  reference,  &c.,  to 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Cirencester. 

WANTED,  a  steady,  trustworthy,  indus- 
trious man,  as  ORCHID  GROWER.  Must  be  fully 
competent,  and  have  good  testimonials.  —  Apply,  by  letter, 
giving  particulars,  last  engagement,  and  salary  required,  to 
K.  J.  M.,  Cambridge  Lodee.  Flodden  Road,  Camberwell.  S.E. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  who  thoroughly 
understands  Fruit  Growing  and  Plants  for  Table, 
Wages,  i8j.  per  week  and  bothy.— HEAD  GARDENER, 
Arnot  Hill,  Arnold,  Notts. 

To  Gardeners. 

WANTED,  a  strong  active  YOUTH,  about 
It)  or  17  years  of  age,  for  the  Houses.  Must  have  had 
some  experience.  Waees  91.  per  week,  with  milk,  vegetables, 
and  bothy.— E.  W.  DURRANT,  The  Gardens,  Champneys, 
Tnng,  Herts. 

ANTED,  TWO  active  young  MEN,  for  a 

Nursery    where    Plants    are    Grown    for    Market.  — 
T.  ROCHFORD.  Tumford,  Herts. 

WANTED,  a  young  or  middle-aged  MAN, 
with  a  good  general  knowledge  of  Trees  and  Plants,  to 
act  as  a  SALESMAN  and  an  OR  DE  R  CLE  RK,  and  possibly 
to  occasionally  take  a  journey.  Applicants  will  please  furnish 
particulars  as  to  age,  experience,  &c.,  in  their  ewn  handwriting. 
-RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  St.  John's  Nurseries, 
Worcester. 


Bulb  and  Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  COUNTER- 
MAN for  a  House  in  one  of  the  Midland  Counties, 
must  be  capable  of  Executing  Orders  with  dispatch  and  correct- 
ness. This  will  be  found  a  comfortable  and  progressive  berth 
to  a  trustworthy  and  efhcient  man.  State  salary  required. — 
ALPHA.,  T.  W.  Hannaford's  Advertising  Office,  73,  Ludgale 
HUl,  London,  E.C. 

ANTED,  as  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 

a  smart  young  man,  of  good  address,  accustomed  to  a 
pushing  trade.— Full  particulars  to  DOBIE  AND  MASON, 
66.  Deansgate,  Manchester. 

Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
one  who  has  served  at  least  four  years,  and  has  a  good 
knowledge  of  Counter  Work.  Age  iS  to  20  years.— Apply,  ia 
own  handwriting,  with  testiniomals,  to  THOS.  IMRIE  and 
SONS.  Ayr. 

Seed  Salesman. 

WANTED,  a  COUNTER  HAND,  who 
has  a  good  knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Nursery.  Must  be 
a  good  Salesman. — "  X.,"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,   AT   ONCE,  an  ASSISTANT 

in  the  Dry  Bulb  Department.  — Must  write  a  bold  hand. 
A  good  opporiuniiy  fur  a  careful  man  anxious  to  improve  his 
knowledge  of  Miscellaneous  Bulbs,  &c.  Sate  references, 
wages  expected,  &c.— THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm 
Nurseries,  Tottenham,  London. 

ANTED,  a  good  PACKER  to  take  charge 

of  the  Packing  Shed.  One  accustomed  to  Pack  Cases 
for  exoortation.  Liberal  wages  to  a  first-rate  man.— CRAN- 
STON'S NURSERY  AND  SEED  CO.  (Limited),  King's 
Acre,  Hereford. 


Adgust  8,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


191 


WANT    PLACES. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirine  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made.— Holloway.  N. 


T\\0     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 

JL      MclNTVEK  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and   planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.      Plans  prepared. 

115.  Listria  Fark,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

TO  NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smart,  sound,  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWAKDS,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c  ,  in  Obtaining  Wen  ipectaily 
suitable  for  their  requirements, -VICCARS  COLLYER  and 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 

GARDENER  (He.ad).— Age  32  ;  nine  years' 
good  character  from  last  situation.— T.  WARD,  Aving- 
ton  Park,  Winchester. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  could  also  Manage  a 
Small  Farm,  —  Lady  Jenkinson  can  with  confidence 
recommend  a  man  as  above.— Apply,  in  first  instance,  to  W.  S., 
4,  St.  Maiy's  Place,  Acion,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  Married  ;  has  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  Cultivation  of  all  kinds  of 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Good  references.— G.,  51, 
Lansdowne  Road,  Croydon. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Thorough  practical 
knowledge  Of  the  profession  in  alt  its  branches. 
Character  will  bear  full  investigation.— E.  G.  TAYLOR, 
Abbots  Worthy,  Winchester,  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  27  ;  thorough 
r  practical  experience  with  Orchids,  Plants,  Fruit  Forcing, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Excellent  character.  —  H. 
PAYNE,  I,  Norths  Terrace,  Blackhorse  Lane,  Wallhanistow. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  50  ;  active  and 
energetic.  Character  and  qualifications  of  the  first 
order  ;  understaods  Land  and  Stock.  Wife,  Dairy  and  Poultry 
if  required,  or  care  of  a  Mansion  in  absence  of  family.  Dis- 
engaged in  September.— G.,  Caaretaker,  29,  Brunswick 
Buildings,  LiverpooL 

GARDENER  (He.ad).— Age  about  36, 
married;  thoroughly  understands  his  business.  Testi- 
monials undeniable.  iLight  years  in  present  situation  :  which 
he  will  hold  until  suited.  Leaving  in  consequence  of  changes 
following  death  of  late  proprietor.  —  For  further  particulars 
apply  to  W.  COLEMAN,  Eastner,  Ledbury. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  — 
Thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession. Wife  good  Laundress.  Seven  and  a  half  years' good 
character.— T.  WALLER.  Old  Road,  Watenngbury.  Maidstone. 

GARDENER  (Head  WoRK:iNG).--Age  32, 
married  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business  in  all 
departments.  Excellent  character.— HEAD  GARDENER, 
Penton,  Andover. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
married  ;  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all 
branches.  Eight  years'  good  character  from  last  place.  — 
GARDENER,  89.  Stoke  Newington  Road.  N. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38, 
married  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  Early  and  Late 
Forcing,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Orchids,  and  the 
General  Management  of  a  good  Garden.  Highest  references.^ 
G.  LUCAS,  18,  Victoria  Street.  Oinbersley  Road.  Worcester. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen 

GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  38, 
married  ;  thoroughly  qualified  in  the  Growing  ot  choice 
Fruit,  Flowers,  Ferns,  and  Management  of  a  well  kept  Garden. 
Good  recommendations  from  present  and  past  employers. — B., 
Hope  Cottage,  Burnt  Oak,  Edgware,  Middlesex. 

/'GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  1(3, 

vJ  married;  twenty-four  years'  experience  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession.  Well-up  in  Orchids  and  Stove  Plants.  Satis- 
factory reasons  for  leaving.  Good  character  from  last  and 
previous  employers.— GARDENER,  Woodlands,  Nightingale 
lAne,  Balham,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 

or  more  are  kept. — Married  ;  thoroughly  understands 
the  Forcing  of  Melons,  Cucumbers.  Vines,  Peaches,  &c.  ;  also 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Three  years'  character  from 
present  employer— E.  W.,  ii,  Crogsland  Road,  Chalk  Farm, 
ck  Hill,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  Working).  —  Mr. 
Ballard  can  highly  recommend  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  a  Gardener  thoroughly  experienced  in  Early  and 
Late  Forcing  of  Fruit,  Cut  Flowers.  Stove  and  Greenhoube 
Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Land  and  Stock.— Y., 
23,  Salisbury  Road,  Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 

C GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Wm. 
-^  Hawkins,  for  past  two  years  General  Foreman,  Wad- 
hurst  Park,  desires  situation  as  above.  Is  thoroughly  expeiienced 
in  all  branches  of  Gardening,  having  lived  with  and  can  refer 
to  Head  Gardeners  in  three  leading  establishments,  including 
Mr.  Mites  at  Wycombe  Abbey,  (or  character  and  qualifications. 
— WM.  HAWKINS,  Beaconsfield,  Bucks. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  or  FORE- 
MAN.—Age  27  :  active  and  industrious.  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  all  branches.  Excellent  references.— E.  W.,  66, 
Bridge  Road  West.  Battersea,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,   or    good 
Single-handed). — Age  24.  single  :  ten  years' experience. 
Good  character.— T.  WVBORN,  fiiiglesham.  Sandwich,  Kent.' 

GARDENER  Head  Working,  or  good 
Single  h.^nded). — Age  27.  single  ;  thoroughly  expe- 
rience in  all  branches.  Kirst-class  references.— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  AAford.  Fore  Street,  Esmouih.  Devon. 


GARDENER  (He.ad),  or  GARDENER  and 
BAILIFF.— Age  49,  no  famdy  ;  nnderstands  every  branch 
of  the  profession.  Teslnnonials  and  references  of  the  highest 
class.  — I.  L.,  Mrs.  Williams,  I2,  Bertha  Road,  Greet,  near 
Birmingham.  ^__ 

GARDENER  (He.ad),  or  ORCHID 
GROWER  —Age  27.  married,  one  child  ;  thirteeen 
years'  thorough  experience  in  leading  Gardens  and  Nurseries. 
E.\cellent  character  and  references.— A.  B.  C,  Rose  Cottage, 
Lavender  Hill,  Enfield,  N. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  Good  Single- 
handed),— Age  27  :  first-class  recommendations  from 
present  and  previous  employers.  Fourteen  years'  experience. — 
\V.  SPOWAGE,  Harrow  Cottage,  Knoclthott,  Sevenoaks, 
Kent. 

GARDENER  (Practical  Working).— 
Age  40,  married  :  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  Orchids,  Vines,  Pines,  &c.  First- 
class  testimonials  as  to  character  and  ability.— A.  B.,  Mr.  Clark, 
Gardener  to  Lord  Camoys,  Slonor,  Henley-on-Thames. 

GARDENER,  where  two  or  three  are  kept. — 
Has  had  eleven  years' practical  experience.     Good  refer- 
ences.—J.  P.,  9.  Belvedere  Cottages,  Church  Road,  Wimble- 


G ARDENER    (good    Single-handed),   or 
where    help    is    given.— Age    27— G.    G.,    Clay     Hill, 
Lamberhurst,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  other- 
wise).— Age  29,  married  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
profession.  Wife  good  Laundres-.  Two  years' character. — 
J.  CARTER,  Woodbine  Cottage,  Crouch  End.  Hornsey.  N. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given).— Age  29  :  good  practical  experience,  also 
good  characters  from  previous  places. — W.  PAYNE,  The 
Gardens,  Wannock  House,  near  Poegate,  Sussex. 


GARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or 
where  help  is  given).— Age  31,  married;  thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches.  Good  character.  Wife  could  do 
Needlework  or  Washing  if  required. -W.  C,  6.  Portland  Villas, 
Windsor  Road,  New  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (SECOND,or  Single-handed). 
— Age  22  ;  seven  years'  experience.  Good  character 
from  present  and  previous  employers. — D.  McLAREN,  Coffee 
Tavern,  Ham  Street.  Ham,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


G 


ARDENER  (Under),  where  two  or  more 

are  kept. — Three  years  in  present  situation.    Can  be  well 
recommended.— J.  NEALE,  Umberslade  Gardens,  Birmingham. 

GARDENER  (Under),  or  JOURNEYMAN 
in  a  good  Establishment — Age  24,  good  testimonials 
from  previous  situations.  Total  abstainer. -J.  JOHNSON, 
7,  Laurel  Villas,  Lower  Edmonton.  Middlesex. 

(^ARDENER  (Under),  or  IMPROVER  in 

'-^  a  Gentleman's  Garden — Age  i3  :  four  years  in  present 
situation.  Good  recommendation.— F.  RANSOM,  The  Gar- 
dens,  Woodstock  P.irk.  Siltingboutne,  Kent. 

FOREMAN,  in   a   Nursery. — Fifteen   years' 
experience.       Market    work.      Good   wages   expected. — 
Apply  by  letter  only  to  X.  V.,  10,  Avenell    Road,  Highbury,  N. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  25  ;  trust- 
worthy and  energetic.  Eight  years'  experience.  Well 
recommended.  —  W.  WATSON,  The  Grange  Gardens,  Old 
Windsor,  Berks. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  would  under- 
take small  place  with  necessary  glass. — Twelve  years' 
practical  experience.  Excellent  character  as  to  abilities  and 
conduct.-MARTlN,  is,  Ifield  Road,  Kensington,  S.W. 

To  Gentlemen  and  Market  Growers. 

FOREMAN. — Age  32  ;  seventeen  years' 
experience,  twelve  years  as  Foreman.  Thoroughly 
versed  in  the  profession.  Highest  testimonials.  — FOREMAN, 
Biggs'  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Age  26  ;  twelve 
years'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  profession  in 
large  establishments.  Can  be  well  recommended  from  present 
and  previous  employers.  Bothy  preferred. — T.  H.  WREN, 
Kingswood  Lodge,  Englefield  Green.  Staines,  Surrey. 

FOREMAN. — Has  had  good  expeiience  in 
first-class  establishments  in  England  and  abroad.  Under- 
stands Vines,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  and  Orchids,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  &c.  Very  highest  references. —S., 
180,  High  Street,  Southampton. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment  ; 
age  26.— W.  Sutton,  Gardener  to  J.  S.  Sassoon,  Esq., 
Ashley  Park,  Walton-on-Thames,  wishes  to  recommend  his 
Foreman,  G.  Harris,  as  a  thorough  good  practical  man. 
Twelve  years'  practical  experience  in  good  establishments, 
two  years  in  present  place. 

FOREMAN  (General  or  Departmental)^ 
— Age  27  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  Noblemen's  and  Gentle- 
man's Gardens,  and  knowledge  of  House  Decoration.  Abstainer. 
Well  recommended  from  past  and  present  employers.  Leaving 
through  place  changing  hands.  Distance  no  object.  State  wages. 
— W.  HOPKINS,  Sandyford,  Edgbaslon.  Birmingham. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

FOREMAN,  or  to  MANAGE  a  Branch,  or 
would  take  a  Department  in  a  Large  Establishment. — 
Twenty  years'  practice  in  Growing  and  Forcing  Fruits,  Flowers, 
S:c  Also  understands  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  &c. 
Good  character  and  references.— HY.  PESTRIDGK  23, 
Genhurst  Road,  Brentford,  W. 


FOREMAN  (MANAGING),  or  PROPA- 
GATOR and  GROWER,  where  Cut  Flowers  and 
Flowering  Plants  are  wanted  in  quantity. — Age  35,  marrietl  : 
long  references.— HORTUS.  89,  Greenside  Road,  Shepherd's 
Bush,  London,  W. 

FOREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR.— Middle- 
aged,  no  family  ;  Plants,  Cut  Flowers,  Cucumbers,  &c., 
for  Market,  or  other  purposes.  Good  reference.- FOREM  AN, 
The  Cottage,  Meloourne  Nursery,  Aneiley,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Soft-wooded),  or  GENE- 
RAL ASSISTANT.-Steady  and  obliging.     Useful  in  a 

Small  Nursery.    Low  wages.— D.,  Gc-^ '  '"' '-'  "'^  — 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


'  ChronUte  Office, 


To  Nurserymen. 

TDROPAGATOR  (Assistant,  Indoor),  in  a 

-•-       good    Nursery.  —Age   iS  :    active    and    willing.       Good 
character.  Wages  moderate.— A.  HILTON,  Bamham,  Bognor 


F 


RUIT    GROWER. —  Good  experience   in 

Vines,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Melons.  &c.  Job 
not  objected  to,  and  not  afraid  of  quantity.  Abstainer.  Refer- 
ejices.- G.,  4,  Prospect  Road,  Child's  Hill,  Hendon,  N.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  21  ; 

^  well  up  in  all  branches.  Two  years  in  last  situation. — 
E.  C.,  The  Gardens,  Sheen  House.  Mortlake,  Surrey. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 

^  six  years'  experience.  Good  character. — T.  WARE- 
HAM,  30A,  Hyde  Sireet,  Winchester.  Hants. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses,  Stove  and 

"  Greenhouse. — Age  zz  ;  good  references,  willing  to  pay  a 
moderate  Premium,— C.  W.,  3,  Borough  Cottages,  Borough 
Road,  Norbiton,  Surrey. 

TOURNEYMAN,_in  the  Houses,  in  a  Noble- 

^  man's  or  Gentleman's  establishment.  —  Age  22  :  three 
ye.irs'  good  experience  inside  and  out.  —  W.  BECK,  The 
Gardens,  Hopivocd  Hall.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— 

^  Young  and  respectable.  Willing  to  make  himself  generally 
useful.  Good  character  from  present  employer.  —  JOHN 
PRATELY,  Linkfield  Lane,  Isleworth. 


TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 

t)  establishment— Age  25;  ten  years'  experience.  Highly 
recommended. -J.  K.,  The  Gardens,  Wood  Green  Park, 
Cheshuot,  Herts. 

TOURNEYMAN  ;    age    19.— James    Burt, 

^  Gardener  to  H.  B.  Mildmay,  Esq.,  Shoreham  Place, 
Sevenoaks.  Kent,  can  strongly  recommend  W.  Sills.  Has  had 
six  years  experience    Inside    and  Out,  three  years  in  present 


Total  absta 


TMPROVER,   in  the  Houses.— Age  17;  four 

-^  years'  experience.  Bothy  preferred.— As  to  character,  &c., 
apply  to  Mr.  W.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Nevill  Court, Tun- 
b.idge  Wells,  Kent. 

TMPROVER.— Miss  Svnnot  highly  lecom- 

-L  mends  a  lad  (age  17),  accustomed  to  Garden  Work.  Two 
yeais  in  his  last  place,  which  he  leaves  only  on  account  of  the 
death  of  the  lady.  Excellent  character,  intelligent,  and  anxious 
to  improve.-Miss  SYNNOT,  The  Manor  House,  Milton  Bryan. 
Woburn,  Beds. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— Messrs.  Nieman 
&  Cornish,  22,  Oichard  Street,  W.,  can  recommend  a 
young  man  with  eight  years'  good  character.  Had  experience 
in  Orchids.  Bulbs,  Floral  Decorations,  &c. 

TO  GARDENERS.— Wanted  a  situation  in 
a   Gentleman's    Garden.       Four  years  in  present   place. 
Age  19.— The  GARDENER,  Alscot  Park,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

TO  GARDENERS.  — Wanted,  to  place  a 
youth  (age  17)  in  a  good  Garden  as  IMPROVER,  with 
Premium.— GARDENER,  Priory  Lodge,  St.  Helen's,  Ryde, 
Isle  of  Wight. 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Wanted  to 
Apprentice  a  youth  (age  14)  ia  a  good  Garden,  with  a 
Gardener  having  a  vacancy.  Premium  given. —  C.  E.  W., 
Sudbourn  Hall,  Wickham  Market. 

APPRENTICE.— Wanted,  to  Apprentice  a 
youth  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden     Premium 
given.— J.  MATTHEWS,  Spellis  Green,  Hindlip.  Worcester. 

TO  SEEDSMEN.— A  young  man  (age  26) 
desires  a  situation  in  the  Seed  Business.  Good  knowledge 
of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Horticultural  Sundries,  &c.  — ALPHA, 
69,  Blantyre  Street,  Chelsea,  S.E. 

SHOPMAN  (HEAD),  or  MANAGER.— 
Thorough  knowledge  of  every  detail  cennected  with  Seed 
and  Bulb  Business  routine,  having  had  upwards  of  twenty- 
five  years'  experience  in  first-class  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses. 
Good  Correspondent,  and  well  versed  ia  Plants.  —  The 
MANAGER,  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Yeovil. 

SALESMAN,  in  Flower  Market,  Covent 
Garden. — Four  and  half  years  with  Messrs.  Gregory  & 
Evans,  Sidcup.  References  good.— A,  HILL,  Longlands 
Nursery,  Sidcup, 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT. 
—  It  is  impossible  entirely  to  prevent  ihe  noxious 
vapours  which  are  given  ofT  in  mines  and  tunnels,  and  those 
who,  like  miners  and  railway  operatives,  have  to  work  day 
after  day  in  such  vitiated  atmospheres,  suffer  i  '  '  * 
strength  in  consequence.  The  Chest  and  Liver 
clogged  with  the  products  of  coal  combustion,  necessitating 
great  attention  to  the  health.  No  remedy  is  more  valuable  for 
miners  and  the  like  than  Holloway 's  Pills,  as  they  carry  off  all 
effete  matter  from  the  blood,  and  healthily  stimulate  the  Liver, 
They  are  also  invaluable  lor  Costive  Bowels  and  for  all  Bilious 
'^       '  T'L .    /-ir  .     .   .    ■.   ^  priceless  remedy  for  Piles, 


health  and 


192 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


LAuoTJST  8,  1885. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO. 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER     HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE.    KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA^    LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 


CONTRACTORS    TO     HER    MAJESTY'S     WAR    DEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

^—^=         UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E., 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

/llusiraied  CATALOGUE,  i^th  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Talrea. 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G. 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING 

This  useful  Self-acting  Apparatus   which  \\orks  da)  and  night  ^ 
any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-powe 


HYDRAULIC    RAIVI. 

ithout  needing  attention,  will  raise  water  to 
tew  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 


ted  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  Buildings.  Railway  Stations,  &c. 


Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power, 
th  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizi 

No.  54*.  THE    C.VSSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  H. 
PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS, 

Steam  Power, 

No.  46,1.   IMPROVED    DOUBLE-,A.CTION    PUMPS  on  BARROW  for"  Watering 
No.  49.Z.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  34".     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  wit'  Flexible  Suction.  I 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hvdraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Worli  lor  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES. 
WATER  WHEELS.  WARMING  APPARATUS,  B.\THS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  G.\SWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribuUon.  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,   HOSE  PIPES,   &c..  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  pari  or  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  furnished. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs, 

as    designed    for    the 


for 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(laleT.  H.  P  Dennis  S:  Co  ), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office  :  Mansion  Houre 

Buildings. 

--=      Horticuliural  Builders  in  Wood 


r'.^nij    Woikoianship  atd  Materials. 

'^^^  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


# 


KHitorial  Commtmlca 

Printed  bv  William 

the  said  WiLiAM  Richa 


hoiild  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor ;"  Advertisements  and  Pusiness  Letle 
ABDS,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradblrv,  Ar.NFW,  .1  Co.,  I.ofiibard  Sti 
t  the  ORice.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Card. 


Acent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood. 


a  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  at,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C. 

,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 

_  .._e  said  County.— Saturday,  August  8.  18S5. 

Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstablisbeti  1841. 


No.  607.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sER^rs.}    SATURDAY,  AUGUST  15,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  1       pricO  6d. 
Post-oflBce  as  a  Newspaper.  >_  ',   . 

WITH      supplement!  JPOST-^EE,    Jjrf. 


Aerides      Ballanlinianuir 

Architecture    and      land' 

scape  gardening 
Automatic    irrigation 
Azalea  molUs,  new  hybrid; 


CONTENTS. 

Obituary  : 


of.. 


i  industry  in  British 

Guiana 

Bobart,  Jacob 
Botnnicnl  Maiiazine,  the 
Buckinghamshire  garden, 

Caterpillai 

destruction  of  . . 
Chamaerops  Fortunei  and 

Eucalyplus.ftoweringof 

Chick  houses 
Cider  and  perry   . . 

Coniicr  grafting. . 
Cottage  garden,  novel  me- 
thod of  planting  a 
Cyclamen  and  Yucca,  ger- 


Eucharis  Mastersii         ..      210 
Feeding  of  plants  . .     214 

Fruit  garden,  the   hardy     207 


Grapes  and    Peaches    at 

Roehampton  ..  ..  213 
Herbaceous  border,  the  206 
Herefordshire    Pomona, 


Scale,  Mr.  W.  . . 
Odontoglossum,  the  genu 
Onion  seed  growing 
Orchids  for  amateurs     . , 


Orchid  notes 
Orchid  pruning    .. 
"     '  '      macrocarpa 


Pachir 


Peas,  exhibition  . . 
Pear  Congress,  the 
Pelargoniums 
Propagator,  the    . . 
Rosery,  the 

Roses,   a  classification  of 

garden    . . 

,,     and  chemical  works 

Rowe  Orphan  Fund 

Royal   Horticultural  So- 


Show  ftxtu 


system 


of 


Barlow'  Moor     Flower 

International  Horticul- 
tural, Antwerp 

Dundee  Horticultural 
Association    .. 

Latimer    Flower   Show 

Royal  Horticultural    . . 

Scottish  Arboricultural 
on   the  Border 

Scottish     Horticultural 


Store  roots  on  bulbs      ..    , 
Tomato.  Chiswick  Red.. 
Trichocentrum       fuscum 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Architecture    and   Landscape    Gardening.     (Supplei 
ary  sheet ) 

Bobart,  Jacob        ..  

Odontoglossum  Coradinei         

,,     Pescatorei    .. 
,,     polyxanthum 

;:  triumph^s"™.    ;:    ■.'.■    !!    .".    ".. 

,.     Wilckeanum  

Shultcrbar  system  of  glazing 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 

R    Y    STAL         PALACE. 

ANNUAL    FRUIT    FXHIBITION     and     GRAND 
NATIONAL  DAHLIA   SHOWS,  StPIEMBER  <  and  5. 

For  Schedules  apply 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Supei iiitendent._ 


SANDY  and  DISTRICT  FLORAL  and 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S  SHOW,  o^en  to  all 
EoBlacd,  will  be  held  at  Sandy,  Bedfordshire,  on  FRIDAY, 
Augu«  iS.  Prizes  nearly  TWO  HUNDRED  POUNDS. 
Ten  STOVE  AND  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  in  Flower  :- 
l«  Prize,  ,£10:  2d,  /6;  3d.  {,■•..  CUT  ROSES  :—ist  Prrre, 
;ti  :  =d  Prize.  Ci  GLADIOLI  :-ist  Prize,  (.t;  2d,  It. 
DAH  LIAS  ;-ibt  Priie,  £2  ;  jd.  ;£i.  Schedules  on  application. 
WILLIAM  GREEN,  Secretary,  Sandy. 


B 


ATH  AUTUMN  SHOW,  WEDNESDAY 

and    THURSDAY,     September  2  and   3. 
Amongst  the  Prizes  tffered  are  :  — 
For  12  Ornamental    Foliage  Plants,  ist,  .£6  ;  2d,  X:4  ;    'A.  d 
For  12  Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants,  ist,  £,\t :  2d,  {,%  ;  3d,  L\. 
For  8  Dishes  of  Fniit,  ist,  £,},  :  ad,  li  :  ^d.  £t. 
For  8  Bunches  ol  Grapes,  1st,  ^s  ;  2d,  L^  I  3d,  .£2. 
Five  other  Classes  for  Grapes  in  varieties,  Prizes  in  proportion. 
Entries  close  August  29.    For  Schedules,  apply  to  14.  Milsom 


BEN.  PEARSON,  Sec. 


N. 


The  Grand  New  Narcissus. 

SIR  W       A       T       K       I 

zs,  eatli,  2ii.  per  dozen,  i6oj.  per  too. 
The  largest  and  finest  known.     First  class  Certificate  Rojal 
Horticultural  Society. 
De'cripiive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 
JAS.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "  Newton"  Nurseries.  Chester. 

Now  In  the  Press,  and  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on 

r>  GILBERT'S  First  Little  CATALOGUE 
t«  of  I  dnzen  SPECIALTIES  in  FRUITS.  FLOWERS, 
and  VEGETABLES,  all  of  which  have  been  raised  or  selected 
by  him<elf.  The  great  majority  are  honoured  with  First-class 
Royal  Cettlficaies.  Now  ready,  Marchioness  of  Exeter,  Double 
White  PRIMULA,  finest  White  extant,  at  acs.  rer  doz.  Apply, 
R.  CILBtRT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumfoid. 


s 


OW  AT  ONCE. 


CABBAGE.— CARTER'S  HEART-WELL. 
—Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  Early  Cabbage  in  culliya 
tion.  Very  distinct.  The  heads  are  extremely  firm,  weighing 
from  4  to  6  lb.  In  sealed  packets  only.  Per  packet,  i*.  and 
fid.  ;  per  ounce,  is.  p^st-free. 


CABBAGE.  —  CARTER'S  MAMMOTH 
BEEFHEART.— The  best  Main-cr.p  Garden  Cabbage 
in  cultivation  ;  very  large  fiim  heads,  of  exquisite  flavour,  very 
few  outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily  run.  The  finest  sum- 
mer Cabbage  knort-n.  In  sealed  packets.  Per  packet,  ij.  and 
dd.  :  per  ounce,  ir   61/.,  pist-free 


CARTERS,  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to 
H  R.  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  23S,  High  Holborn, 
London.  W  C. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS  FOR  MARKET 
GROWERS.-Purchasers  should  call  and  inspect  our 
samples  before  buying  elsewhere.— JAMES  CARTER,  DUN- 
NETTand  BEALE,  237and238,Hieh  Holborn,  London, W.C. 


East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    AND    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  ab.>ve,  in  five  varieties, 
viz..  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
ij. .  7S.6d.,  &  51.  each  colour.    Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 


JOHN   WATERER  and   SONS,   Bagshot, 
Surrey,  are   now  offering  their  two  new  DEUTZIAS   as 
exhibiied  at  Manch»ster  in  May  last,  viz  :— 

DEUTZI A  WaTERERI  I  (Single  White),  and  D.  WELLSII 
(Double  While).     Price  to  Trade,  t3s.  per  dozen. 

These  are  extra  large  free-flowering  varieties,  and  well  suited 
for  Forcing  and  Cutting  purposes. 


AZALEAS,  Indian  and  mollis;  CAMELLIAS 
(Trade  sizes  and  specimen-),  FICUS,  SPIR-liAS, 
LILIUM  LANCI  FOLIUM  ALBUM,  PALMS,  FERNS, 
and  general  Belgian  Stock,  cffered  in  great  quantity  and  low 
prices  by 

LOUIS     EECKHAUTE.     The     Nurseries,     St.     Denis- 
Westtem,  neat  Ghent,  Beleium. 


BOUVARDIAS,in  eight  best  kinds,  including 
Doubles,  bushy  plants,  251.  per  10a.  GARDENIAS, 
nice  plants,  some  in  bud,  255.  per  100  POINSEri'IAS, 
beautiful  plants,  2or.  per  100,  package  included. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown.  near  Kidderminster. 


HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBORG  Bros.),  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Biltain  that  be  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 

pRI M U LAS,  CI N ERARIAS,  PRIM U LAS. 

*-  Fine  plmt;,  ready  for  single  pots,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large  flowered  strains  we  have  dislributed  for 
fourteen  years,  15.  6d  per  doz..  jcs  per  los,  22s  6J  for  550. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  Si  iN,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiinch.m, 
ard  12,  Market  Street,  Mandiester- 


Byaclnths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  LUles,  &o. 

CG.  VAN    TUliERGKN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  ftee  on  application  to 

Messrs.    R.   SILBERRADand  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  EC. 


BULBS        TO         BE         SOLD 
at  Low  Prices  :- 
Double    White    NARCISSUS.     Pheasant's-eye     NARCIS- 
SUS, and  DAFFODI LS.    A  large  asscrtment  of  these  superior 
Bulbs  ate  offered  to  the  'irade  for  ihe  Season  1885.     Apply  to 
W.  A.  BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Surrey. 


M, 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHA 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  REQUI 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  oflfer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  I'omatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.&c. 

QOUELCii         AND         BARN  HAM, 

^-^     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

qIjI;  L  C  H         AND        BARNH  AIVL 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABKLS  supplied. 


WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
are    open     to     RE  ;EIVE    CONSIGNMENTS    of 
CHOICE  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 

WANTED,    ROSE    BUDS    for    Budding. 
Leading  sorts.     Please  state  price  and  sorts  to 
POPE  AND  SONS,  King's  Norton  Nutssrits.  near  Biimingham. 


WANTED,     CUTTINGS    of    BEDDING 
GERANIUMS.   Pink,  White,  Scarlet,  Bronze,  Silver, 
Variegated,  and  Mrs.  Pollock.     Quantity  and  price  to 
J,  YOUNG,  Rojal  Nurse, its,  Suuthend-on  Sea. 


Tba  Best  Tellow  Carnation. 

PRIDE  of  PENSHURST.— A  marvellously 
free  bloomer   and    vigorous    grower.     Perfectly    hardy. 
Forces   well.     Plants  ready   about  September.     Price    ts.  6d. 
each.  4r.  a  pair.    Cash  wiih  Order.     Trade  nrice  on  application. 
F.  BRIDGER,  Pcoshurst,  Kent. 


Bulb  Catalogue. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 
season  is  now  ready,  free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips.  Narcissus,  Crocus,  &c. 
Also  Roses,  Fiuit  Trees,  Shrubs,  s<ic.  Early  Orders  are 
solicited. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


Seeds  for  Present  Sowing. 

PETER    LAWSON    andv  SON    (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  can  supply  selected  stocks  of  CABBAGE, 
BORECOLE,  SAVOY,  also  new  RAPE,  &C. 
Special  offec  on  application. 


THE  "GOVERNOR"  CARNATION.— 
This  beautiful  Carnation  is  now  in  full  flower,  a-.d  one  of 
the  grandest  sights  of  the  season.  Cut  blooms  31.  per  dozen, 
post  free.  Sample  blooms  on  application.  Plants  ready  in 
autumn,  IS  ,rf.  each.  New  PINK,  "  The  Fairy  :"  plants,  now 
reaoy,  is.  6J.  each.  ROSES  in  splendid  condition  :  prices  on 
application.— CROSS  and  STEER,  Salisbury. 

PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses. — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elagans.  splendidly  (oliaged,  20  inches  high.  izr. 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  ix.  jd.  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
25S.perioi;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  po-t  ftee. 
Postal  oiderstoGARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


"  Irradiating  the  Present.   Restoring  the  Past." 

THE  "ORIGINAL"  LITTLE  BOOK  of 
DAFFODILS— In  great  variety,  Harvested  and  Ripened 
well  for  best  results  with  Wm.  Baylor  Hartland's  care  and 
culture,  on  his  Private  Grounds,  TsMPiE  HlLL,  Cork.  Nu- 
merous "Original"  Illusirations  and  130  sons  to  select  from. 
The  Book,  one  of  the  best  things  yet  published,  post-tree,  is. 

HARTLANlj'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Warehouse, 
24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork.  


To  the  Trade. 

SEAFORTHIA      ELEGANS.  —  Seed   just 
arrived  in  fine  condition      Write  for  lowest  Trade  price 
and  sample  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jun.,  Bie-lau,  Gei 


To  the  Trade. 

ZONAL  PELARGONIUMS.— Sooo  for  Sale, 
Surplus  stock,  all  the  leading  varieties,  splendid  stuff  in 
4Spots.  about  half  in  full  flower,  fit  for  immediate  use  ;  the 
remainder  has  been  disbudded,  and  specially  grown  for  winter 
fljwering.     Price  301.  per  100.     Apply 

W.  MILES,  West  Biighton  Nurseries  Hove. 

KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Sinele.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.       KELWAY  and  SON,  Langpon.  Somerset. 

liOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  kniw.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS    AND   SIMPSON,  Seed  and    Bulb    Merchants. 
13,  Exeier  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE    ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,   in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.    Priced  LIST  gratis.    A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  oil  receipt  of  I3r.  6rf. 
EWING  AND  CO..  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Kavam,  Hants. 

OR     SALE,    20,000     MAIDENHAIR 

FERNS,  from  boxes,  good  Plants,  at  s^-  P"  100; 
FERNS  ill  8  varieties,  in  pots,  at  loj.  per  100,  or  21  per 
dozen,  sent  bv  post  or  otherwise. 

T.  BALDWIN,  Edilh  Nursery,  Curchall  Road,  Leyton. 

FOR      SALE.    Large     Specimen     PALMS, 
CYCAS,  IXORAS,  CkOTONS,  an!   BOUGAINVIL- 
LEAS,  H.  TROUGHTON,  Nurseryman,  Preston, 

EW  STRAWBERRIES,  "  LAXTON'S 
KING  of  the  EARLIER."  and'  THE  CAPTAIN.' 
Orders  (or  these  remarkable  New  Strawberries,  which  are  agam 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  hmit  the  supply.  Parliculajs 
with  prices  from  „    , ,     , 

T.  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 

L'^VEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Hlants.  3^.       Price  LIST  free. 
W.  LOVtLANDSUN. 
Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield.         


TRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 

6o's.  for  potting  on  or  planting  out.     Low  prices  to  tne 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  apphcaiion. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,  Nurs-.r)min,  Richmond. Surrey. 

New  Turnip  Seed. 
/CHARLES    SHARPE    and.  CO.   have  to 

KJ    offa,    of   crop    iSSj,    their    choice    selected   stocks  of 

TUR^llP-^  for  p-esentsowinii  ,  .,       .  ci     f    J 

CHARLES  aHAhPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


194 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  is,  iSSj. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Weduoaday  iind  Saturday  Noxt. 
liULUS  K1«)M   lIlll.l.ANU.    TKADK  SALES. 

MK.  I.  C.  STKVKNS  will  SELL  by 
AH'cnON,  M  his  C.n-.-it  Kooiiis.  \%.  Kins  SlrcM. 
l'ov.Mit  c:.ii,lcn,  W'X'  .  ,Mi  Wl'MNKSn  \V  .i,h1  SATURDAY 
NKXr.  Ai.i:.,.!  I,  ^.ml  ■.  ..1  ll.,ll-r,^l  !■  ..'(.'look  i.i,Ti>cly 
e«ch    ,ljv       lVllM,■ul".■l,l^    ,.|     liiM.Usv     \\m\M   ;,i.,l    Sm.kIu 

HVAfiN  nis.    ri'i.ir.s.    lunrM-i.    naiumssus, 

SCILLAS.  K.uly  K.jui.i.  U\ALlNrns  lot  K,iti»i;.  •"'J 
olhor  mU.liSjusl  rcocivcd  from  wcll-kmnvi.  Farms  ill  HolKiiid. 
LoUeit  to  suit  tha  IVndc  nud  other  LirRc  buyers. 

On  vinw  mornines  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next    (Sale  No.  6951 ) 

ANt;K.lCllM   I.EONI,  in  llowcr. 

Ar.ANlSIA  CVANKA. 

I'KKUol'lLlA,  new. 

MR.  J.  C  SriiVKNS  will  SELL  by 
AUO'ION.  at  his  Great  Rooms  -.S,  King  .'treei. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  AuBVist  JO,  at  half-iiast  \>  o'clock  preci-cly,  a 
line  lot  ol  ANCR.T.CUM  I.KONl,  many  in  llowcr  or  bud.  It 
is  a  line  novelty,  and  shuiiUl  be  grown  111  iho  Oittleya  or  Dcn- 
drobuun  Hou^c,  and  it  is  a  plimt  of  very  easy  cnltui 


leftves  are  lleshy,  and 
bodly  sideway>,  andare  so 
front  of  which  the  tlower.s,. 
it  is  a  remarkable  OrcJii.l. 
CVANEA.  a  most  braunhi 


.ik.il.lc  Ic. 

(..I 


IHlil 


^r 


Thi 


Is  and  dcmTs  a 
ivple  with  pale  ' 
red.    The  bUi 


i-;..i.:.uiih  ii.c  ii..::.i  ..1 .1 
i  iho-sc  ot  Udontotlossum 
0  light  blue,  paler  within 
eias  :  back  and  wings  of 
:  ot  llic  llowers  is  almost 
.,  n.  „  .„„l  v,.rv  beautiful 
I'll!  WU.M,  111  l.ud. 
.  V  11  MU'OPllVl.l  A, 
IN  1  I  U.MKHIA,  ivc. 
Cil.iU.^iKS  had. 


tRK'UlirUIA.    ANl'.K.M  I'M 

L.F1.1A     |-K,1>1ANS,      i,Aril 

C.  AMKmV.-illNA,  LF.UIMI  h 

On  view  motiiiiig  of  Sale,  .1 

Thursday  Next.— {Sale  No.  (igsi.) 
ORCHIDS  fcom  UKAZH..— RECKlVF.n  UIRKCT. 

MR.  J.  C.  STENENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  f.ieal  Ro.  ms,  -jS,  King 
Stieet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  IHURSDAY  NEXI. 
August  la.  Three  Cases  tf  ORCHinS,  ju-t  received  direct 
Irom  Braiil,  corapiising  fine  pieces  of  La:h.i  Perrinii,  Catlleya 
liic«lor,  C  labi.lt«,  C.  Hariisoiiiana,  C.  crispi.  .•io. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  t.alalo;iies  hnd. 


The  Valuable  Collection  of  Oicblds, 

Foiiiied  by  G.  Heriot,  Emi. 

MR.  I.  C  STEVENS  h.is  received  instruc- 
tions to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  C.reat  Rooms.  38. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W  C,  on  THUKSIIAY.  August 
.7,  at  hatf.past  la  o'clock  precisely,  the  v.iUmble  COLLEC- 
I  ION  of  ORCHIDS  formed  by  G.  Heriot,  E».|  ,  of  Cholmeley 
Park,  Highgate,  who  is  giving  up  their  culture.  Amongst 
other  good  things  will  be  found  a  tine  specimen  of  Vniida 
Cnthcaiti.  y.  cvcrulea,  fine  vaiiety;  C^clogviie  l.einoni,tna,  C. 
cristnta,  Trichoglottis  fasciata,  very  rate ;  Dendrobium  clczop- 
tenun,  Angrrccum  $esquiped.-tle,  A.  ebiirueum,  Dendrobcs, 
Outloyas,  Odontoglossuni  -Alcxandr.T:.  &c.  :  also  a  magnihcent 
COLLECTION  of  PHAL.KMOPSIS  in  variety,  mostly 
specially  imported  by  Mr.  Heiiot,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orclilds. 
On  TUESDAY,  August  iS,  at  liilf  past  la  oClock,  in  the  Sale 
Rooms, Little  Cheiry  Street.  Birininghain— a  Choice  Consign, 
mentoleoo  Lots  of  Rar«,Establishefl,  Imported,  and  In-llower 
ORCHIUS,  spec'ially  selected  for  this  sale  :  including,  by 
petniissicn,  ijo  Lots  of  Grand  Duplicate  Specimens,  from 
two  well'known  Gentlemen  Aniateuis,  without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  FLEETWOOD  and  GOQDEVK 
(late  wiih  Mr.  Cave)atie  instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttle- 
worth,  Carder  &  Co.,  of  Claphatn.  the  well-known  Importers, 
to  SKLL  by  AUCnON.  a  SPECIALLY  (i  KAND  COLLEC- 
TION, as  above. 

Catalogues  shortly  (irom  OrVice.s,  4.,  Cherry  Street,  Birming- 
ham. 


.  Dutch  Bulbs.— Monday  and  Thursday  Next 

SPECIAL   TRADE    SALF.S. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  .AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  oS.  Cheaiiside,  EC,  on  MONDAY  and 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  at  lialf-(«st  it  oCKxk  precisely  each 
day,  extensive  consisnnients  of  HYACINI'HS,  TULIPS. 
CROCU.«,  NARCISSUS,  SNOWDROPS,  and  other  ROOTS 
from  Holland,  in  excellent  quality,  specialty  lolled  to  suit  the 
Trade  and  other  large  Buyers.  .Also  tco  White  Roni.in 
HYACINTHS. 

On  view  morning  of  S.rle,  and  Cualogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next.-Clapham  Common,  aw. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the  CHOICE  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  inclimini;  fine  specimen 


MOOKEANA.  0  feel  through:  GARDEN  UTENSILS, 
LAWN  MOWER,  ROLLER.  FLOWEK-STANDS, 
capital  O.MNICVCLE  (Butler's  Pjleiii),  and  numerous 
t«ect>. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
wilt  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises. 
I.vnton  House,  Cl.>phara  Common.  S.W.  (ue.vt  doer  but  one  to 
llius  Road),  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  w,  at  t  o'clock 
ptrcisely,  by  onler  of  Mrs.  Perrelt,  who  is  leaving  the  neigh- 
bourhorsl. 

View  d.ay  prior  to  Sale.    Catalogues  of  Mr.  GU  YBRT,  Head 
Gardener,  ou  the  Premises  ;  and  of  the  .^uctiouers,  67  and  6S, 


Friday  Next. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRl^PU.M,  O.  ROSSI  MAJUS, 
O.  CITROSMU.M.  I.ELIA  ALBIDA,  EPIDENDKUM 
vn  ELLIN  UM  MAI  US.  ODON  TOGLOSSU.M  CEK- 
VANTESI,  and  cthsr  ORCHIDS,  in  splendid  condition, 
from  Me.ssis.  Shultlewoith,  Carder  &  Co  ■  also  a  fine  lot 
of  I.MPORTKU  ORCHIDS,  and  about  iso  lots  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  from  Mr.  f.  E.  Bonny, 
SS,  Donne  Park  Ro-ad.  Hackney  Downs.  E 

■\1ESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

i-TX    wid  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTIO.N'.  at  their  Central 
-lie  Rooms,  6-.'  and  6S,  Cheaoside,  E.C  .  on  FRID.W  NEXT, 


Flowering  Orohlds.-Speolal  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHKROE  ANi>  MORRIS 
beg  10  announce  that  Iheir  noul  SPECIAL  SALK  of 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  in  Bud  wili  take  place  on  TUE.sDAY, 
August  as.  for  which  they  will  bt^  ulad  10  receive  Notice  of 
Entries  NOT  I.A'TER  than- WEDNK.snAV  NEXT. 

Acton,  W. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
aie  instructed  to  SELL  l.y  AUCTION,  ,.n  the 
Piemises,  The  Gardens,  Shaleni.i-,  Horn  I,.ii.c.  Acloii,  \V..  on 
TUESDAY,  September  1,  at  i  o'clock  precisely,  a  niiantily  of 
well  grown  GREENHOUSE  PLANT'S,  comprising  Roses. 
Boiivardi.is,  C.iriiations,  Camellias,  A/.\Ieas  :  io;o  n..med  Chrv- 
sanllirnninis  of  the  best  sorts;  three  LAWN  MOWER.S 
GARDEN  rUMP,  and  other  items. 

May  he  viewed    day  prior  to   Sale.     Catalogues  bid  of   Mr. 


Eastbourne  —Dissolution  of  Fartneriihlp. 
UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE   SALE  ol  the  whole  of  the 
well-grown    stock     of    STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS  by  order  of  Messrs.  G.  T.  Scott  v^  Co.,  who  arc 
dissolving  partner^hip. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 
are  inslnicted  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the    Pre- 
mises, the  Ceylon  Floral  Nurseries,  Eastbourne,  on  WEDN  ES- 
Il.W.    s.-ptember  -*.  and   following    day.   if   nccessaty.    at    la 
1  I   , '..  pu.isely.  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown 
k  li.liog -000  PALMS  of  sons,  amongst  which  are  some 

lis  1  i5i«  Maidenhair  FERNS  in  3?  and  .|8  pots  ; 

,  .  \  \1.KA  INDICA,  in  114,  33,  and  48  pots;  :i%a  fnio 
pl.inlsAUAUCARIAEXCELSA;  loolargeEUCHAKlS, Large 
while  specimen  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  lor  CtiltiiiK  ; 
35,000  Golden  EUONVMUS,  and  quantities  ol  other  stock  too 


nay 


On 


I  half-past  13  ©'Clock  precisely. 

riew  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  bad. 


May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  the  Sale.     Catalogue: 
be  h.ad  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Aticlioneeis  and  Valuers, 
67  and  fiS,  LheapsiJe.  London,  EC. 

Whetstone,  Middlesex. 

Nine  miles  ftoin   London,  and  four  ni  iiutcs'  wall;  front 

Totteridge  R.iilivay  Smii.ii. 

IMPORTANT    TO     MARKET    GARDKNKRP.     LAND 

SPECULATORS.  BUILDERS.  AND  tJTHERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Davis  &  Son  (in  conse.i'ietice 
of  the  failing  health  o'  Mr.  Davis,  jun  )  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Matt,  Tokenhouse  Yard,  London.  E.t:  ,  00 

I  HURSDAY,  September  3,  at  3  o'clock  precisely,  in  Three 
Lots  ;— 

Lot  I,  comprising  the  valuable  and  attractive  FREEHOLD 
MARKET  GARDEN,  distinguished  as  The  New  Lodge 
Nurseries,  Whetstone,  N.,  containing  an  area  of  about 
4  acres,  34  superiorly  built  Greenhouses,  containing  a  super- 
ficial area  of  nearly  So,ooo  feet  of  glass,  and  heated  by  about 
30.000  feet  of  4-inch  piping,  and  all  other  requisite  appliances 
for  growing  plants  and  produce  to  the  greateit  perfection  :  the 
whole  of  the  luxiuiarit  and  productive  Vines  are  planted  out : 
the  substantially  brick-built  twelve-roomed  Residence,  three 
Cottages,  Stabling,  and  numerous olher  Trade  Erections.  'Ihis 
Lot  will  be  sold  as  a  giing  concern,  together  with  the  Goodwill 
of  the  long-established  Business. 

Lots  3  and  3  will  comorise  Two  valuable  Blocks  of  eligible 
FREEHOLD  BUILDING  LAND,  containing  a  toial  area  ot 
about  13  acres,  with  commanding  frontage  to  Oakleigh  Road, 
presenting  a  desirable  investment  for  subtjivision  into  tiuilding 
Plots. 

The  Auctioneers  would  wish  to  call  the  special  attention 
of  Market  Gardeners  to  Lot  r.  The  property  is  in  complete 
working  order,  and  it  is  indeed  seldom  that  such  an  opportunity 
presents  itsell  of  securing  a  first-d-ass  going  concern  under 
similaily  favourable  circumstances. 

May  be  viewed.  Descriptive  particulars,  wilh  Plans,  may 
be  had  on  the  premises;  of  Messrs.  BERRY.  BINNS.  ami 
LINCOLN,  Solicitors,  37,  Chancery  Lane.  EC  :  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Surveyors,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Preliminary  Notice.— Oreat  Horticultural  Sale  Week. 
Annual  TRADE  SALES  of  Winter  F.owetiin  HEATHS. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  hi>e  aranted  the  ANNUAL 
TRADE  SALES  of  WINTER   FLIIWERING   HEATHS, 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  sic,  as  follows  :- 
TUESD.VV.   September    15,  at  the   BURNT   ASH   LANE 
NURSERIES,  LEE,  S.E.,  by  Older  of  Messrs.  B. 
Mailer  &  Sons. 
\VEDNESD.\Y.     September    r6,    at    the    LEA     BRIDGE 
NURSERIES,  LEYTON,   by  order    of    Mr.    John 

THURSD.W,'  September  17.  .at  the  BRUNSWICK  NUR- 
SERY, 10  n  ENHAM,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Mailer. 
FRID.W,  Seplember  iS.  .at  the  LONGLANDS  NURSERY. 
SIDCUP,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans. 
Fuller  advertisements  will  appear  next  week. 
Auction  and  Estate  Othce,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C 

Regents  Park.  N.W. 
The  PLANTS,    FLOWERS,    and  contents  of  Greenhouses, 
compiising  choice  Orchids,   Palms,  Liltnms,  Chrysanthe- 
mums. Camations,  Picotees,  Bulte,  and  Flowers,  v.arious. 

\tESSRS.    H.    N.    NEWTON     and     CO. 

ilJ.  will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  Alpha 
House.  Alpha   Ro,ul.    N.W.,  on  MONDAY,   AtiRnst   17,  at 

II  lor  i.-o'i^ock. 

On  vicM.ard  Catalogues  ready.  Auction  Olfice,  67  and  6?, 
Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


Goodwill  of  Seed  Business  for  Sale. 
IT'OR  SALE,  the  GOODWILL  of  the  SEED 
-L^  MERCHANTS  BU^INESS  cirried  on  by  the  late 
Mr.  GEO.  INGLIS.  at  Uroo,  near  Cupar  Fife,  Scotknd,  for 
sixty  years.  'Tlte  premised  are  suitable  and  could  be  got  on 
Lease.     Vineries,  Shop  Fittings.  i!;c,  to  be  taken  by  v.\lualion. 

Full  particulars  of  tum-o\'er,  &c.,  may  be  h.ad  on  applicatiou 
to  Mr.  GEO.  \VALl.\CE.  Banker,  Cupar  Fife,  N.B. 

Cupar  Fife,  August  10,  iSSs. 

"VrURSERY  BUSINESS  for  Sale,  coniprising 

A.^  the  Freehold  Ground,  32  X  100  feet  deep,  a  large  Show 
House  and  four  olher  Houses,  Span-roof,  1730  superficial  feet  of 
Glass,  well  stocked. 

ForpaiticularsapplyT.  BRADSHAW, Ravenswood Nurserv, 
Ravenswooi  Road,  Balhaiu.  S.\V. 


An  Opportunity. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  Lons;  LE.ASE  of  an  .VCRE 
of  GROUND,  with  Four  Greenhouses,  3000  feet  of 
Glass— Marechal  Niel  Roses  in  two  p.aying  Kent.  Near 
London  Markets. 

A.  ABBOTT,  Sudbury,  Harrow,  Middlesex. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN   and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  .and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  T.  THEOBALD  ANU  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


To  Nurserymen,  Landscape  Gardeners,  Florists,  and 
SEEDSMEN. 

FOR  SALE,  an  OLD  ESTABLISHED 
BUSINESS,  in  one  of  the  best  suburbs  of  Hhmingham, 
owing  to  a  very  serious  accident  to  the  present  proprietor.  The 
Nursery  contains  about  aj^  acres,  and  is  well  stocked  wilh 
Shrubs,  Trees,  and  Herbaceous  Plants,  and  Four  Glass  Houses, 
Seed  Warehouse.  Frames,  &c.,  together  wilh  a  Siall  in  Market 
Hall.  The  above  is  thoroughly  genuine,  and  will  be  Sold  as  a 
going  concern.     Possession  can  he  had  at  once. 

Fiill    p.irticiil.ars    from    FLEETWOOD    and  GOODEVE, 
Auciioneers  and  Valuers.  4..  Cherry  Street,  Birminghim 


nno 

I.KT, 

Small    NURSERY 

GARDEN, 

ih  Pus. 

Houses,  and  Water  Supply. 

Goodr 

eig.'tbour- 

hood. 

inmedia 

e  possession. 

CHA 

S.  M.  FOOTHT,  Marlow, 

Bucks. 

PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Markkt  Gakhkn  and  Estatk  Auctionbkrs  and 
Valukrs,  t^  and  6S.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C  ,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone,  K.      Monthly  Horticuliiiral  Keei-ler  bad  on  application. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMCINTYKE    (Lite  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORM  ATIi  IN    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  ami   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lisiria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


TOH^ 

fJ      Sun 


N 


KENNARD'S      Horticultural 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florlsta. 

DUTCH   BULBS— Season  iSSs. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Whoi.ksalk  iMroRTKR  of  Dutch 
Bulbs. at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C, 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  (dialogue  sent  post-free  on 
atplication.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  fiom  August  tip  to  end  of  Dec  in  each  year. 

Rape  Seed. 
ENGLISHGROIVN  RAPE  SEED  Fi'R  SOWING. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.  h.-ive   the 
above   to  offer,  of  tine  qualilv.    Sample  and  price  on 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATlS~in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  arc  of 
every  shade,  fiom  pure  white  to  the  daikest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i3r.  to  34$,  per  doxen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Atitumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSO.N  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
'TREES,  &c.,  of  supeiior  quality,  and  wlien  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  they  will  be  glad  to  make  special  ofTers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  are  in  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 

P^M p7\S ImTl^IES,  FLOWER  of  GYNE- 
RIUM  ARGENIUM,  crop  tSSs,  to  be  delivered  next 
autumn,  as  soon  as  they  shall  arrive  from  California,  at  rooj. 
per  case  of  1000  Plumes.  iS  to  34  inches  in  length  ;  at  la^s.  per 
case  of  800  Plumes,  --4  to  30  inches  111  length.  Free  on  board  of 
a  steamer  in  the  poll  01  New  York,  U.S.  Terms  cash. 
.■\pply  to 

Messrs.   LEVAVASSEUR  AND  SON,  Nurserymen.  Usy, 
Calvados,  France. 


BM.ALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  ofter  to 
•  the  'I  rade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hveraalis  and  other  vaiietie-)  EPACRIS. 
SOLANUM3.  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAf, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  oilier  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LE.AS,  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.    An  inspection  is  invited. 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
Tha    ANNUAL    SALE    bv  AUCTION   will  be  held    on 
TUESDAY,  Septembei 


I  Ash  Lane  Nurs 


.  Lee,  S.E. 


Ferns  -Ferns.— Ferns. 

TO    THE    T  k  .\  D  i:    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CVNE.VrUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.  STRICIUM,  LOMARIA  GIBBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA.  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  20.  per  100,  j^i)  per  rcoo. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 


ADIANTUM  CUNE.\TUM,  fine  pi, 
pots,  40s.  and 


4^^  and  s-ioch 


The  LIVER'POOL  H0RT1CULTURA"L  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
ted.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Carston,  Liverpool. 


UTCH  BULBS, 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  re.id 
Ant.  Roo:bn  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  18S5.  and  see  the  lar^e 
s.tving  eflected  by  Diif\LiNG  DiRBCT  WITH  THK  Growbr.  'The 
Citalogue,  containing  details  of  iheir  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Frbk  Delivbrv,  will  be  sent,  post-frbk,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


195 


BULBS   FOR    EARLY    FORCING. 

B,  S7  WlTUAMS' 

WELL    KIPENF.D    and  IIEAIV    BULBS 

01  Per  ico-i.      d. 

ROMAN   HYACINTHS        15     o 

From  5  to  5K  inches  in  circumference. 

PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS  ...     10    o 

From  5  to  6  inches  in  circuraference. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS     10    6 

From  5  to  6J4. inches  in  cifcumferencc. 
r.Ah'LY  OKDERS   SOLICITED. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLLOVVAY,   LO.NDON,  N. 


H 


YACINTHS,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 

May  be  had  in  bloom  before  Christmas.     1  lie  Lett 
pure  White  for  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

IRIS  K/EMPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent ..hades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iiis  is 
hardly  yet  Icnown  in  this  countiy.  but  should  be 
grown  by  every  lorer  of  fljwcrs.  It  is  by  f;.r  the 
largest  flower  of  this  family,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  cfTer  well  establiihtd  S  nglish-grown 
Roots  :  also  many  other  varieties  of  Iris. 

IXIA  CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 
This  is  about  the  mo.t  showy  of  this  useful  family 
of  Bulbs. 

IXIA  VIRIDIFLORA— a  most  uncommon 
colour  amongst  flowers  —  very  striking,  being 
a  decided  green  with  black  eye.  Also  many  other 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  family  which  only  requires  to  be 
mote  widely  kncwn  to  be  grown  as  largely  as  the 
Tuhp  or  Hyacinth. 

L ILIUM  CANDIDUM  — the  Old  White 
Garden  Lily.  Fine  Bulbs  now  ready  for  Planting 
or  Forcing. 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS  —  in  great 
variety-Choice  and  Common. 

CILLA   SIBERICA.  — This  charming  rich 

!Iue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the   Snowdrop,  to 
hich  it  makes  a  good  c-jmpanion 


WHOLESALE    BULB     CATALOGUE 

for  trices  of  above,  and  all  other  varietiei  of  DUTCH  a 
ENGLISH  BULBS.     May  be  had  on  application. 


s 


W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Ellb  Merchants, 

13     EXETER    STREET,    STRAND,    W.C 

New  Hybrid  Aloe. 

ALOE  INSIGNI8.— A  very  beautiful  and 
highly  ornamental  Aloe,  raised  from  A.  drepanophylla 
fertilised  by  A  ethinata.  Flowers  remarkable  and  beautiful  ; 
requires  ordinary  greenhouse  culture.  DchCnbcd  and  figured 
in  this  volume  of  the  Gardenen'  ChronicU,  p.  4^.  f.  41.  Orders 
received  will  be  sent  out  later  in  the  season.  Lvery  one  should 
possess  this  plant.     Price  3  Guineas. 

Also  the  newplant.THALICTRUMRHYNCHOCARPU.M, 
with  graceful  Fern-like  foliage^  very  ornamentaL  Now  offered 
for  the  first  time  ;  referred  to  in  Gardeners'  ChronicU.  vol.  xxL , 
p.  ii.     Price  I  Guinea. 

Also    a    large     Collection    of     SUCCULENT    PLANTS 

THO.MAS  COOPER,  Exotic  Nursery,  Brighton  Road, 
Redhill,  Surrey. 


By  Special  Warrant. 
"Superb  SEEDS  for  HRltbf;\l  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  Strains  of 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN, BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  fackels, 
ij.  CH  .  51,  CI.,  V,  Ci,,  and  5s.  each.  Double  German  WALL. 
FLOWER,  superb  strain,  is.  pet  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
Dark  Bloodied  WALLFLOWER,  id.  and  rj.  per  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "  Spring  Gardening," 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  for  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  aid  Pist  free.  Seeds  and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Desciiptive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &    SONS, 

108,  EASTGATE  ST.,  CHESTER. 

Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  In  Sprlnsr. 

ROEMER'S   Superb  Prize  PANSY    SEED. 
^r  The  best  Pansy  Seed  in  the  W.rld.  .gy 
FANCY  VrtRIETIES,  saved   from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  los.  per  ounce,  td.  per  packet. 
SHOW  VARIETIES,   saved  from  named  flowers,  splendid, 

mixed,  5J.  per  ounce,  td.  per  packet. 
FANCY  and  SHOW  VARIETIES,  fine,  mixed,  3i.  per  ounce, 

^d.  per  packet. 
ASSOKTMENI    of  18  splendid  dUtinct  varieties,  containing 

each  1  packet,  3i. 
CAREFULLY  SAVED  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers, 
of  all  varieties,  splendid,   mixed,  highly  recommended, 
IS  dd.  per  1000  seeds,  ftd.  per  packet. 
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED   SHOW  VARIETIES,   new  and 
distinct,  flrjwers  up  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  55.  per  icQO 
seeds,  ir.  per  packet. 
GIGANTIC    FLOWERED     FANCY    VARIETIES,    very 
choice  collection,   lor,  per  1000  seeds,  ij,  td.  per  packet. 
My  Pansies  awarded  First  Prize  at  Berlin  Exhibition,  18S4. 
For  Separate  Sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  forwarded  Postlree 
OD  applitxuion. 
FRED,  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 


AUTUMN     CATALOGUE 
OF    FLORAL   GEMS, 

GBATIS  &  POST-FREE  on  APPLICATION 


Bcrore  ordering    eLntwhere   plea-ie  send   for  our    Illustrated 
CATALOGUK.      In  it    will   be   f>und  useful  instritctions  to 
amateufii.   eaabling  them  to  pronounce  botanical  namet  tor- 
rectiyt  beside<i  much  further  intcresung  tufurnrutioa. 
I  divided  into  sections,  as  follows  : — 

[n  this  department  wlU  be  found  manv  specie^, 
and  beautiful,  and  which  are  not 
i  be  found  offered  in  any  other  Eoeiiih  Cata- 
logue, whiUi  the  prices  of  popular  species,  such  as  Hyacinlh^i, 
Tulips,  &c.,  will  be  found  exceptionally  low,  eg..  White  Romai 
Hyacinths,  tplendid  healthy  sample,  in  quantities  of  250  and ' 
upwards,  (^.  3<i  per  iod. 

We  are  oflering  some  most  beauti*trt  speci- 

men.s  of  rare  and  seldom  seen  speaes.  many 

of  which  have  been  specially  collected  for  us  ; 

d  as  the  stock  of  several  is  iimiied  we  woutd  sUongly  advise 

rly  attention,  and  thus  save  disappointment. 

»rdy  Orchids  have  received  our 
special  attention— the  result  of  which  is 
w<:  are  enabled  to  offer  many  lovely 
dovellies.  C'  inparnnycly  unknown  h^re  in  England.  We  aho 
offer  ihese  in  co  lections  at  lowest  figures  possible,  purposely  to 
bring  these  beautiful  noveliieswithin  the  reach  of  all. 

list  of  herbaceous,  in* 

s,  and  l  general  c  llet;* 

and  other  beautiful  plant;. 

This  section  will  be  found  unusually  interesting  to  botani&ts, 


BULBS,  'i 

logue,  whiUi  the 
Tulip*,  &c.,  will  b. 
Hyacinths,  iplend 
upwards,  (^.  -^d,  p< 

FERNS, 

and  as  the  str.<:k  of 

"orchIds.  s 


PLANTS, 

This  s«tni6n  will 
&c,  in  search  ol 

seeds, 
miscellaneous,  • 


Wc  are  in  a  pcsiiion  to  place  before  our 
alrons  unique  stocks  of  all  the  very  beit 
trains,  and  would  respectfully  dr^w  the 
pie"  collectors  to  the  same. 


calculated  to  pie; 


N.B.  -To  Amateurs  who  are  In  the  habit  of  purchas- 
ing Guinea  and  other  Collections. 

Imtead  of  doing  io  ilus  ua.on  ie'>td  tfu  order  to  us,  Uavuig 
th£  aeUction  to  our  Judt^inent.  limply  giving-  particulars 
as  to  nature  0/ soil^  position  a/ garden,  if  any  glass,  ^c  , 
when  we  /eel  fully  assund  that  ive  can  by  this  nteihoa. 
affora.  t/uiH  much  more gratijlcatton/or  th^ir  moruy  than 
tj  they  pursued  the  ordinary  meilwd. 


VICCARS    COLLYER  «fc  CO., 

liULB    MERCHANTS,   &c  , 
CENTRAL   HALL,    LEICESTER  (where  all  letters  are  to  b; 

aodit-ssed).  and 

Central  Nurseries,  Glenaeld.  near  Leicester. 
A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 

PINE-APPLE  NURSERY, 

MAIDA     VALE, 

LONDON,    N.W. 

The  following  are  cffered  at  exceptionally 
low  prices.  All  the  plants  are  healthy  and 
well-grown,  in  varieties  of  fust  quality, 
selected  by 

HENDERSON  &  SON, 

Newpure  white.flowered.  hardy  PASSION-FLOWER,  is.  id. 

IJ  CAMELLIAS,  choice.  Eng  ish-grow.h.wiihbuds.air  ,  30*. 

13  AZALEAS,  12  sorts,  beautiful  colours,  sis. 

IJ  DR«CVEVAS,  12  sons,  very  ornamental,  6».,  91. 

12  CROTdNS.  12  beautiful  sorts,  is.,  sis. 

11  IXOKAS,  finest  varieties,  various  colours,  6s,  I2j.,  i8r. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  choice  selection 
of  fijwcring  and  oinamental  foliage,   53 


6iJ, 


42r 


>  choice  FFRNS,  in  ereat  vanety,  11:.,  30J.,  1 

I  MAIDENHAIR  FERNS,  m  snrts,  6s.,gs. 

1  Gold  and  iilv,.i.'eaved  FERNS,  6s.,  gs. 

!  choice  ORCHIDS,  (or  warm  or  coolhouse,  iit.,  ^is. 

s  of  MOSSfcS,  including  yellow,  white,  blue,  and  other 


coloured  I 


<..6r. 


■  NERIUM  (Oleander),  12  sorts,  various  colours,  6s.,  91. 

:  GREENHOUSE  RHODODENDRONS,  sweet  scented, 
12  sorts,  9i.,  i8j 

I  TREE  or  PERPETUALFLOWERING  CARNA- 
TIONS, 12  sons,  (jj. 

1  AFRICAN  ASPARAGUS,  a  lovely  plant  to  cut  for  all 
decoration  purposes,  most  elegant  for  ladies*  dress  orna- 
mentation,  fine  plants,  2ir.,  42;. 

!  BEGONIAS,  beautiful  foliage.  12  sorts.  6s.,  iis.,  211. 

:  GLOXINIAS,  with  flower-buds,  beautiful,  ijj. 

1  HARDY  WATER  PLANTi,  12  sons,  loj  6i.,  21J. 

!  GARDENIAS  (Cape  Jasminej,  best  large  variety,  ts.,  sis., 
i8.. 

I  HIP.ISCUS,  12  soils,  large  brilliant  flowers.  61,,  9s.,  181. 

I  CI.E.MATIS,  beautiful  s,rts.  lis..  181. 

I  ALO    ASIAS,  6  io.ts.  fii  e  foliage.  Cs..  sis. 

r   DILFFE.S  HaLHIAS,  beautiful  vaiieties,  6s.,  IIS. 

LIST  of  Cheap  Offer  In  Ornamental  Plants, 
Bent  Post-free  on  application. 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
destnriptlon.        Price    6s.    per   bushel 
(if,  extia  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d.  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  is. 
None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
}l  ages  and  printed    cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached, 
WM.      CUTBUSH     AND     SON 
(Limited),     Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N, 


Bulbs  for  Early  Forcing. 


SUTTON  &  SONS 


Having  just  received,  in  fine  condition, 
their  first  consign.Tient  of 

ROMAN      HYACINTHS, 

/Ire  prepared  to  execute  Orders  at 
the  follovjing  prices : — 


SINGLE    WHITE    ROMAN   HYA- 
CINTHS, flneat  selected 
ditto    f^econd  size 
SINGLE  BLUE.  dUto 


3  0 
2  6 
2    0 


21  0 
17  6 
14    0 


SEED.SMEN   BY  ROYAL  WARRANTS 

to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.B.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
B  E  A  D  I  KT  O. 


YE    NARCISSUS  oi\  DAFFODIL;' 
containing  its  HUtory.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Note; 
□  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Wo(^cuts.   Piice  is 
UARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  &.rden.  W.C. 


^^■^VM^H! 


-IN   MOST   CASES- 


FR E E  BY  PO ST^R^ Al L 

PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JAMESBlCKSOH&SONS 

"HEWTOrrNURSER!ES\rnrfTPjj 
lOSEASTCAtrS^   ILHtbltK 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel;  100  ioi  i^s  :  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 

40J. ;  4  bushel  bags,  41/.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5/.  6d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  251.  ;  sacks,  41/.  each. 

BLACK  KIBKOU3  PEAT,  ji.  per  sack,  5  sacks  21s.  ;  sacks, 
fd.  each 

COARSK  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gd.  per  bushel  ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  t6s  per  ton  in  2.bushel  baits,  41^.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULL),  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II   per  bushel. 

SPHAGMU.M  MOSS,  Si.  6rf  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST,— H.  G  SMYTH  ai,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W  C. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BE3T  In  the  MarKet.    (All  -^cks  included.) 

PfcA  1 ,  be^t  bruwn  fibrous    . .  4i.  6a.  per  SacK  ;  5  sacks  for  aoj. 

PF.AT.  test  black  fibrous     ..  y.  6d.          „          5  sacks  for  i  cj. 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid  51.  6d.          „ 

LOA.M.  h':^i  yellow  fibrous  ..  *■. 

PKAT  MOULD,        „        ..    } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  u,  jrf.  per  bush.,  laj.half  ton,  aai.lon. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ii.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8</.lb,,  j8  lb.  i8«. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         {Spi!cialil.O    S</.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8». 

MUSHKOOM  SPAWN,  finest  Millirack..     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM    Mt>SS.  all  'elected,  21.  perbuih.,  6s.  per  sack. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  KEFUSE  (by  Uhubb's  special  process), 

sai-ks.  IJ,  each  ;  ij  sacks,  9r   ;  15  sacks,  ijr.  ;  30  sacks,  171.  ; 

30sack..  25i;  40  sacks,   30J.     '1  ruck-load  loose,   free  on  rail. 

25r.     Limited  quantities  01  G.,  soi-cial  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  21.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Ca-h  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FEERY  EDAD    MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


COCUA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  :  newly 
made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  ■  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2jS.  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14S.  ;  furty,  251.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.— J.  STLVbNS  and  CO.,  Ccoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Stieet,  Eatlersea,  S.W. 

SILVER  SAND,  excellent  coarse,  7s, 
per  ton.  PEAT,  excellent  quality.  65. .  8i  and  ro5.  per  cubic 
yard.  LOAM,  excellent  quality,  101.  per  cubic  yard,  by 
trucltloads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  moderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Company,  Midhurit,  Sussex. 


196 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[AUGUST   15,    1885. 


D  A   N    I    E   L  S' 


DEFIANCE    CABBAGE. 

GIANT    EARLY    MARROW. 
The  Best  Early  Cabbage  for  Getieral  Use. 


Is.  per  Packet,  POST-FKEE ; 
7b.  fid.  per  pauud ;   43.   per  balf-poimd. 


Ttilimoni.i 

i  (ror 

<  Mr.  J.  M.  C.EMMH 

NS,   t-astEnd, 

Xt'W  Quay. — 

■  \V= 

.av=  grown  your- U.I 

ance"  Cabbage 

.RS    W 

uh   v.tious  otber  son 

«,  as  a  test,  and 

always    find 

our 

'  Defiance'    beats  all. 

being    tarlier. 

heavier,  and  n 

b.tl 

er  shape  and  nivour." 

ONIONS  FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA,  per  packet.  11  (>d. 
DANIELS'  GIANT  KOCCA,  u.per  ounce,  6!.  per  pound. 
Pricti  Descriptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Seeds  for  present 
sowing,  gratis  and  postfrse  to  alt  appticants. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

SEED    GROWERS    AND    MERCHANTS, 
NORWICH. 


GRAPE  VINES.o^'^' 


TEA    ROSES. 


The  Livtpool 
Horticultural   Co. 

(Jolin  Cowan),  Limited, 

»4«.-.  .w.^  reason  a  stock  of 
RAPE  VINES  which  have 
^jver  been  surpassed,  if  indeed 
equalled.  luteDding  purchasers 
are  requested  to  come  and  see 
them  during  the  growing  sea- 
son. The  Black  Hamburghs 
forfruilinRin  Poisare  especially 
fine,  acd  ihe  eolire  slock  arc 
from  eyes  this  season.  Planting 
Canes,  51.  and  yi.  td.  each  ; 
Fruiting  Canes,    10*.    fid.    and 

The  Cnmpanv  have  a  very 
Kirpe  st"ck  of  TEA  aiid  NOI- 
SfclTE  ROSES,  comprising 
a'l  the  leading  varieties.  The 
plants  aie  healthy  and  in  gord 
condilioD  for  sending  out.  12J  , 
\%s.,  and  24^.  per  dozen. 


Akl      I  I      n      r  COWAN'S       VINE       and 

W      I         n      r       PLANT  MANURE.     This  U 
II      U      \\      L    I  t^o  ^.eii  known  to  need  lecom- 


OU     O     U     I      n     0  The  Company  have  a  h 

n    IJ     n  Do      stockofes.tabh.hedand  Im 


"■ge 

•ted  ORCHIDS,  ail  ' 
dnion,  and  ihey  are  constantly 
receiving  fresh  importations 
from  various  parts  of  the  world. 

ULL  Particulars  on  Application. 

at  Ptictitot^uTndc. 


THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    LIVERPOOL. 


R      O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  i  %s.  to  36^.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  afpliuxtion. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


BULBS    FOR    EARLY    FORCING. 

EARLY    WHITE    ROMAN    HYACINTHS. 

PAPER-WHITE    NARCISSUS. 

DOUBLE    ROMAN    NARCISSUS. 
DOUBLE    JONQUILS. 
SINGLE    JONQUILS. 

Our  tirst  Consignment  of  the  above  just  received,  in  splendid  condition. 
DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 


By  Royal  'Warrant. 


LITTI.E    &    BALLANTYNE, 

SEED      AND      BULB      MERCHANTS, 
CARLISLE. 


A/TESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS,  Longlands  Nursery,  Sidcup, 

-'-*-'-  will  place  before  the  Trade,  at  their  GREAT  SALE  in  SEPTEMBER,  one  of  the 
Largest  Collections  of  WINTER-FLOWERING  HEATHS  and  OTHER  PLANTS  ever 
offered,  including  : — 


0,000  ERICA  HYEMALIS,   in  flowering  pots,  \ 
11  set 


lo.ooc     ,,     GRACILIS,  in  flowering  pols, 

5.000    ,,     MELANTHERA 

3. 000    „     CAVEXDISHI 

S.ooo    ,,     .MAG.VIFIC.-\ 
10.000    ,.     COCCINEA  MIN'OR  ,, 
10.000  CVTISUS  R.ACEMOSA,  in  48's. 

S.ooo  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  in. 


000  SOLANUMS,  in  48's. 

000  BOUVARDIAS,  of  sons,  in  48'5. 

000  CYCLAMEN,  in  48's. 

oco  TREE  CARNATIO.N'S,  in  483. 

000  DOUBLE  PRIMUL.^S,  in  48's. 

000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  in  48's. 

ooo  HEATHS,  of  sorts,  in  6o's,  for  growing  on. 

Itispection  hivitid. 


HOETICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
■WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &0. 


-■WATER    APPABATXJS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSION^, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS.  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

vineries.  Stoves.  Greenhouses,  PeacJi  Houses.  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perlection  of  glowing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durabuity  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work. 
and  that  the  very  best.  .  ,  i         -  t  .re 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  dcsiened  architecturally  correct  withoiit  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  trm 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  BoUers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock.  ,  ,    „.     , 

rians,  EstmMtts  .X'ld  Catalorits/rer.     Custcmtrs  luaited  en  in  any  part  of  the  Kmgdcm. 

Our  Maxira  is  and  always  has  been —  __.„,.,« 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS, 


August  15,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


197 


\/yEBBS' 

EMPEROR   CABBAGE, 

The  Beit  Variety  in  Cultivation, 

6d  and  Is  per  packet. 
7s.   per   Pound,   Post-free. 


Mr  J.  M0IR,  In  the  ".Journal  of  Horti- 
culture "  of  May  24,  says :  - 
"Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures   70  feet  by  50  leet.   and  here 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.      The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  Is 
WEBBS'  EMPEROR." 


EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  Perez,  post-'re 

ENFIELD  MARKET  

EARLY  RAINHAM  

EARLY  DWARF  YORK      „  

LARGS  RED  DUTCH  ,.  6d  pWi. 


ONION. 


Webbs'  New  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
White  ItaUan  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Giant  Rocca  

White  Lisbon       

White  Spanish  or  Reading  . . 


All  Garden  Seeds  Free  by  Post  or  RaU. 

Fi-.-c  pe>  Cent.  DiSisunt/orCiti/,. 


WEBB      &      SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

WORDSLEY,    STOURBRIDGE. 


AT    THE    INVENTORIES 

OUR    LILITTM    AXTKATUM 

ARE    NOW    ON    VIEW,    IN    FULL    EI.OOM.   IN    IHE 
LABQB      CONSERVATORY. 

Spikes  cut  and  sent  to  order,  8j.  and  12s.  per  do-^c/i. 


OUR    GENERAL   BULB    LIST,    No.   77, 
is  now  in  the  Press.     Send  f.r  a  copy. 

NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  con[ait.i..g  "  Hints  on  Kern 

Cultivation,"  IS. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1201  species  and  vaiielies, 

free  on  application. 
Speci.l    Desc.ip'ive    "Iist   of   New.   Rarb,    and  CHorcE 


'  Ha 


VN'ORTH  AmE 


AN  Fp 


Fern 
Descriptiv 

W.  &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    B\LE,    MANCHESTER. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKUTANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously. " 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883  ) 

Now  being  sent  out  at  /r.  dd.   and  lor.  6  A  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLF,     BAGSHOT. 
•WHOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  all  varieties  of  Enclish.    Ilnich,  and   (rench 

grown  Bulbs,  including  ihe  following  ; — 
ANEMONbS.  all  the  best  va.ietle>. 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILI.l.I-;,  charming  blue  spring  flower. 
CKOCUS,  all  named  vaiietifs.  and  mixed 

FREESIA  REFKACTA  ALBA,  beautiful  white  sweet-scented 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Christmas  Rose.  [Cape  bulb. 

HYACINTHS,  all  colours,  named,  for  pot,  classes,  or  beddiog, 
IRIS,  all  the  best  v.rtieties 
IXIAS,  handsome  showy  spring  fl  jwers. 
LILIES,  all  the  leading  nam.d  sous. 
NARCIS*,  Pol.yanrhiu  varieties. 
NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS,  in  forty  varieties. 
SCILLAS  and  SNI1WDROP5,  including  ihe  newest  varieties 
TU  l.I  PS.  Double  and  Single,  in  great  variety.      I  of  the  latter. 
WINTER  ACONITES,  bright  yellow,  the  first  bulb  to  bloom 
a'ter  Christmas. 
May  be  had  on  application.    Pleise  compare  our  prices  before 
sending  your  orders  abroad.  -  WATKINS  and  SIMPSON, 
Seed  and  Biilli  Merchants,  r  1,  Exeler  Street   Strand.  W  C. 


FOR  AUTUMN  SOWING. 

SUTTON'S 

J \ 

I    PURE    I 

grassTeeds, 

CARRIAGE    FREE. 


Full  Particulars  Gratis  and  Post  Free 
on  application. 


iuJdcyufo 


m, 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrant  to  H.M  the  Queen 

and  H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING,  BERKS. 


DUTCH  BULBS  at  DUTCH  PRICES. 

Our  TRADE  LIST  is  now  ready. 

If  you  have  not  received  one,  send  a  Postal  Card  for  it, 

and  on  receipt 

COMPARE      PRICES. 


HOWCROFT    &    WATKINS, 

Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


®u^cp5fo5Kerj 
^  (Roofer, —  I 

SUPERB    QUALITY. 
/'/  ices  very  moderate. 

jficc  IDcllrcrics.   ] 

WRITE  FORCATALOGUFl 

( /!.'u</rnte,l). 


Hfliablf  .ilui.ina.  AJJrcss  in  full — 

P.^fi.DiGi<^soN^SoNr>,j 

■^be  Queen's  3ee^smcIl,     ^  j 

GMESTEI'^.    i 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 

OF       CHOICE 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS. 

IVe  liave  much  pleasure  in  offering  strong  healthy 
transplanted  seedlings  from  our  superb  strains 
of  the  follaiaiu!; :—  Dor.       ,03. 

Calceolarias,  from  choicest  flowers  only,  s.  d.  5.  d 
beauiifullv  ticered  and  spotted 

Carnations  and  Flcotees,   irom  stage 

fl.>wers.      Will  produce  80  per  ceui, 
I  f  fine  double  blooms 
,.     chf.icest  yellow,  very  fine 
Cllierailas,  from  a  grand  strain  of  beau'i- 

(ulfl.wers  

,,     New,  dwatf.  large  flowered,    splendid 
Prtmula.  Crimson  King,  magnificent 
„     alba  magnlflca,  large,  pure  white, 
wuh  heauillully  fringed  fl  iWers      .. 
„     Daniels' choicest  red.  very  fine 
white,  veiy  fine  .. 

"         ",         ',.'         .,     en'ia  strong  plants  .. 
,,     Fern-leaved,  veiy  choice,  m'xcd 

Carriage  Free  rn  receipt  0/  Pmt  office 

DANIELS    BROS., 

TOWN  CLOSE  NURSERIES,  NOR'WICH 


10    6 


10    6 


2    6    15    0 
1    6    10    6 

Order. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    AUGUST    15,    1885. 


NORMANHURST. 

IN  driving  from  Ashburnham  to  Norman- 
hurst,  which  you  may  Ao  in  a  quarter  of 
an  hour,  you  pass  from  old  to  new.  Mr. 
Brassey  built  the  house  of  Normanhurst,  and 
formed  the  gardens  for  his  son,  the  present  Sir 
Thomas  Brassey,  whose  taste  and  judgment, 
I  believe,  contributed  that  Which  money  cannot 
purch.ise  in  laying  out  the  grounds.  Two 
things  desirable  in  landscape  gardening  are 
cash  and  a  congenial  soil,  and  both  were  here 
available— the  great  contractor  finding  the  first 
and  Nature  the  second 

A  desciiption  of  Normanhurst  should  not  be 
in  words,  but  in  colours  from  the  palette  of  a 
Turner.  I  was  there  on  a  beautiful  day,  and, 
having  made  my  call  and  request,  found  myself 
under  the  brisk  guidance  of  Mr.  Allen.  The 
day  was  lovely.  Some  foreign  birds— emus,  I 
believe— stalked  about  the  park  below  the 
terrace,  and  these,  and  the  gorgeous  flowers  and 
exotic  shrubs,  and  the  grass-green  foliage  of 
the  Pinus  insignis,  which  abounds  here,  gave 
the  place  something  of  a  foreign  aspect.  All 
the  landscape  was  bathed  in  the  sunbeams  of  a 
summer  diiy,  that  seemed  almost  too  glorious 
for  England.  The  sea  danced  blue  in  the  dis- 
tance as  we  looked  beyond  the  boundaries  of  the 
domain  from  where  we  stood,  among  Oranges, 
Tree  Ferns,  Yuccas,  and  brilliant  Crassulas,  on 
the  terrace  outside  the  lu.xuiious  drawing-room. 
We  seemed  to  be  in  fairyland.  It  was  exqui- 
site—equ.al,  I  should  think,  to  Tahiti,  that 
wonderful  island  which  Lady  Brassey  has  herself 
so  well  described. 

Tlie  house  and  grounds  of  Normanhurst  were 
built  and  pl.inted  in  1866  ;ind  following  years. 
Conifers  were  chiefly  used,  for  the  sake  of  their 
beauty,  suitability  to  the  soil,  and  their  rapid 
growth  ;  and  ihe  result  has  been  that,  in  less 
than  twenty  years,  the  grounds,  though  really 
so  recent,  are  thoroughly  well  furnished,  and  do 
not  appear  new.  The  place  is  situated  on  the  side 
of  a  hill,  which  raises  it  sufficiently  above  the 
general  level  of  the  country  to  afford  from  the 
windows  a  long  view  of  the  sunny  side,  which  is 
always  the  best  side,  whether  of  a  Peach  or  a 
landscape,  and  westwards  to  where  the  setting 
sun  dips  below  the  Southdowns.  The  nearest  of 
several  villages  seen  among  the  trees  is  Cats- 
field,  just  beyond  the  gates  ;  Ninfield  and  Battle 
are  further  off;  and,  following  the  sun  from 
Hastings  to  Eastbourne,  the  waters  of  the 
Channel  are  many  times  visible. 

In  laying  out  the  grounds,  which  are  now  so 
ornamental,  and  which  within  twenty  years  was 
a  waste  or  "  rough,"  worth  2s.  6d.  per  acre,  the 
few  scattered  Oaks  on  the  site  were  skilfully 
mixed  with  the  newly  planted  specimens  of 
Conifers.  No  earthworks  were  required,  since 
this  is  not  a  place  of  "  Capability,"  in  the  sense 
that  all  the  hills  and  valley,  must  be  artificially 
formed,  the  site  being  already  extremely  un- 
c'u'ating  and,  from  the  landscape  gardening 
point  of  view,  perfect.  The  soil  is  too  light, 
sandy  and  dry  for  the  growth  of  Oaks  of 
large  size,  but  it  suits  the  Conifers,     All  ever- 


198 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


greens  grow  here  in  perfection.  The  ground 
was  carefully  prepared  by  trenching,  and  the 
various  trees  were  thickly  planted,  which  is 
always  desirable  for  the  sake  of  shelter  and 
nursing,  though  in  some  cases,  unfortunately,  the 
subsequent  work  of  transplanting  the  over- 
crowded specimens  is  neglected.  That,  how- 
ever, has  not  been  the  case  here,  where  a  great 
deal  of  remodelling  has  been  effected  by  means 
of  material  already  on  the  ground. 

Some  pinetums  are  distinguished  as  complete 
collections,  while  the  arrangeinent  of  the  soe- 
cimens  is  formal,  especially  on  flat  ground. 
Normanhurst,  which  means  Normanwood— and 
is  well  called  so,  since  the  battle  of  Hastings 
was  fought  hard  by,  and  the  district  was  always 
well  wooded— became  a  pinetum  through  the 
suitability  of  its  soil  for  the  cone-bearing  tribe, 
and  the  object  in  view  has  clearly  been  the 
picturesque  arrangement  of  beautiful  trees  and 
shrubs.  I  have  rartly  wandered  in  such 
charming  grounds,  but,  as  Lord  Beaconsfield 
says  in  his  Home  Letters,  "descrption  is  a 
bore!"  and.  I  must  be  content  with  giving  a 
list  of  some  of  the  Conifers,  and  mentioning  the 
names  of  a  few  of  the  shrubs,  with  a  few  facts 
that  may  perhaps  be  useful. 

Entering  the  grounds  with  a  friend,  who  has 
not  mixed  much  in  the  society  of  exotic  ever- 
greens, his  astonishment  at  coming  suddenly 
upon  some  specimens  of  Abies  nobilis  standing 
in  great  pomp  by  the  side  of  the  carriage  drive 
in  glorious  attire  of  purple  and  pea-green,  re- 
called the  eailiest  accounts  of  Mr.  Douglas, 
the  collector  of  the  Horticultural  Society 
of  London,  who  introduced  it  in  1831.  He 
spent  several  days  among  forests  of  this 
Sliver  Fir  in  Oregon,  where  the  tree  towers  to  a 
height  of  300  feet,  and  during  the  whole  time 
ha  "could  not  cease  to  admire  "  this  greatest  of 
his  discoveries.  It  is  awkward  dragging  a 
staunch  pointer  by  the  neck  when  his  nose  is 
near  a  pheasant,  and  my  friend  being  quite 
entranced  it  was  hard  work  getting  him  past 
the  different  specimens  of  Conifers,  especially 
the  noble  Cryptomeria  japonica,"  Pinus  insig- 
nis,  and  Sequoia  sempervirens.  He  made 
a  set,  too,  at  several  Thuias,  and  especially  at 
Thuiopsis  dolabrata,  which  Thunberg  discovered 
6000  or  Sojo  feet  high  up  011  the  mountain 
slopes  of  Central  Japan,  and  which  Mr.  Veitch 
and  Mr.  Fortune  introduced  to  England  by 
seeds  sent  in  1861.  The  variegated  variety  of 
this  very  handsome  arboreal  pyramid,  with  its 
cream-coloured  branchlels  and  picturesque 
habit,  grows  here  vigorously.  As  my  staunch 
pointer  refused  to  move  I  began  to  descant  on 
the  services  of  the  great  firms  who  introduced 
the  noble  Fir  from  the  furthest  West,  and  this 
exquisite  Thuiopsis  from  the  far  East,  when  he 
moved  towards  some  more  rare  game,  and 
presently  we  overtook  a  specimen  of  the  silvery 
variety  of  the  Mount  Atlas  Cedar,  Cedrus  atlan- 
"tica.  In  such  beautiful  grounds,  when  the 
senses  are  feasting  on  objects  of  delight,  who 
would  listen  to  a  lecture  ?  And  yet  these  three 
Cedars  flourishing  here — the  Deodar,  that  of 
Lebanon,  and  this  African  one— would  form  fit 
subjects.  Their  respective  habitats  maintain 
ranges  widely  and  completely  separated,  and 
yet  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  has  said  "that  as 
species  the  three  Cedars  cannot  be  distin- 
guished, and  that  they  must  all  have  been 
derived  from  one  common  stock."  An  inter- 
esting account  of  the  Cedars,  whose  introduc- 
tion formed  in  the  last  century  and  since  1S31 
the  epochs  in  the  decoration  of  parks  and 
shrubberies,  will  be  found  in  that  best  of  recent 
works  on  the  Conifers,  published  by  James 
Veitch  &  Sons — A  Manual  of  the  ConiferiT. 

We  must  pass  rapidly  through  the  rest  of  the 
grounds,  noting  on  the  way  Abies  cephaloriica 
-and  A.  excelsa,  which  both  do  well  here,  as  well 
as  the  rapid  growing  red-barked  A.  Albertiana, 
growing  in  numbers  35  feet  high,  resembling  the 

Hemlock  Spruce,  but  more  robust  and  spread- 


ing— a  most  ornamental  tree,  or  shrub  till  it 
becomes  a  tree — which  made  my  staunch  pointer 
stifTen  his  tail  again.  The  Wellinglonia  grows 
here  so  full  of  foliage  that  the  tree,  rigid  as  it 
is,  becomes  almost  ornamental.  The  Escal- 
lonia  macrantha,  with  its  bright  shining  leaves 
and  handsome  blossoms,  is  a  favourite  shrub. 
There  are  banks  of  purple-blooming  Menziesia 
polifolia,  or  Irish  Heath,  and  of  Andromeda 
floribunda,  the  soil  suiting  both  of  them,  while 
the  winter  here  does  not  hurt  them.  Among 
the  many  Heaths  that  do  well  here  some  are 
always  in  flower.  Rhododendrons  and  Ghent 
Azaleas  form  the  margin  of  many  a  gracefully 
winding  bed  of  evergreens,  and  there  are 
similar  banks  of  Gaultheria  Shallon. 

The  Conifers,  which  were  planted,  as  I  have 
said,  seventeen  or  eighteen  years  ago,  have 
attained  already  a  height  of  from  30  to  50  feet. 
Pinus  insignis,  planted  when  2j  feet  high,  has 
now  reached  33  feet,  and  gains  about  3  feet  a 
year  in  good  seasons.  Athrotaxus  selaginoides, 
which  is  perhaps  as  hardy  as  any  of  the  Athro- 
taxus, succeeds  well  here  ;  but  the  single  and 
double  Camellias,  turned  out  of  the  greenhouse 
and  blossoming  well  in  the  pleasure  grounds, 
are  still  a  better  test  of  the  mildness  of  the 
climate.  Thuia  gigantea  is  30  feet,  and  Cupressus 
macrocarpa  37  feet  high.  Abies  Douglasii  has 
run  up  as  quickly  towards  the  sky,  but  when  it 
overtops  the  other  foliage  its  shoots  are  injured 
by  the  strong  current  ot  the  west  wind.  The 
best  shelter  trees  here  are  the  Austrian  and 
Corsican  Pines,  which  are  planted  on  the  north 
side,  the  former  making  a  grand  tree  when  well 
advanced  in  growth. 

In  one  of  the  vineries  I  was  pleased  to  recog- 
nise that  beautiful  climbing  Fern,  Lygodium 
scandens,  the  very  specimen  described  by  Mr. 
James  Hudson  in  the  Gardeners'  Clironicle, 
p.  823.  It  was  cut  down  in  February,  and  has 
now  attained  a  height  of  15  feet,  running  up  the 
perpendicular  rods  on  the  back  wall  of  the 
vinery.  As  a  contrast  a  small  Banyan  tree, 
trained  artificially,  with  its  roots  enclosing  a 
bird-cage,  offers  an  example  of  inelegance 
brought  from  Japan  by  Lady  lirassey.  Another 
queer  specimen  of  similar  character  is  a  Eu- 
phorbia trained  into  the  shape  of  a  Chinese 
junk  :  Another  specimen  plant  is  a  Tamarind, 
a  seedling  from  a  tree  planted  by  Captain  Cook 
in  the  island  where  he  lost  his  life,  now  called 
Tahiti,  the  Otaheite  of  our  schooldays. 

The  grotto  beneath  the  terrace  on  the  south 
side  of  the  house  must  not  be  overlooked.  It 
is  a  fernery  with  iron  pillars  concealed  by  a 
covering  of  coke  and  cork,  planted  with  Ferns. 
The  roof  is  of  the  same  sort  of  blue  sandstone 
of  the  neighbourhood  used  in  the  building  of 
the  house.  The  grotto  is  lighted  with  gas  and 
Chinese  lanterns,  and  is  opened  to  the  house  on 
fete  days. 

The  shrubberies  around  the  house  extend  to 
30  acres,  and  these  and  the  kitchen  gardens, 
and  pits  and  frames,  and  houses,  are  admirably 
kept  by  seventeen  men.  Besides  four  vineries, 
a  Peach-house,  three  greenhouses,  and  a  fer- 
nery, in  one  range  190  feet  in  length,  I  observed 
an  Orchid-house,  several  small  houses  for 
decorati.e  plants,  another  for  Tomatos,  &c.,  a 
large  cool-house  for  Chrysanthemums  and  for 
hardening  off  plants  in  spring,  a  Rose-house, 
containing  among  the  many  others  that  fine 
Tea  Rose  coloured  like  the  Apricot,  and  ex- 
quisitely scented,  Madame  Francjoise  Jamin. 

Enthusiasm  is  a  quality  not  absent  from  this 
spot,  and  in  these  days  when  the  rage  for  de- 
corating houses  with  plants  and  cut  flowers 
burns  so  hot  that  large  resources  are  required 
to  feed  the  flames,  a  decorator  is  employed  here 
whose  sole  employment  is  to  dress  the  house 
with  floral  tributes  from  the  garden.  A  neat 
range  of  buildings  in  a  convenient  position  is 
devoted  to  a  residence  for  the  young  men, 
which  in  deference  to  the  nationality  of  the 
majority  of  gardeners,  we  call  a   bothv,  and   to 


potting  sheds  and  a  fruit  room.  A  gateway, 
covered  with  the  Virginian  Creeper,  and  form- 
ing the  entrance  to  the  court  at  the  back  of  the 
house,  is  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  architectural 
adornments  of  Normanhurst.  But  the  clock- 
tower  and  buildings  generally  are  all  admirable, 
and  the  back  walls  are  well  smothered  with 
Ainpelopsis  and  Ivy.  Banks  of  Crataegus  are 
well  introduced  for  edgings,  or  coverings  of  bare 
places,  and  the  Hypericum  (St.  John's  Wort), 
has  been  used  as  a  favourite  shrub  for  the 
edges  of  borders.  H.  E. 


euj 


DENDROBIUMERYTHROI'OGON,  K.J/.  (/;;•<*.««/.?■) 
This  came  with  plants  of  Dendrobium  Lowii  to 
Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.  Mr.  H.  Low  ioforms  me  the 
plants  are  just  like  those  of  the  species,  named 
in  1861  by  Dr.  Lindley,  in  honour  of  Mr.  H. 
Low.  The  flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  Den- 
drobium Lowii  in  my  herbaiium,  the  grandest  of 
which  was  kindly  sent  by  Mr.  Day,  1S77.  I  have  at 
hand  a  four-flowered  raceme  with  well  developed,  very 
nigrohirsute  bracts.  The  sepals  are  partly  most  pallid 
whitish-ochre,  partly  ochre  coloured,  and  are  deficient 
in  that  fine  yellow  of  the  typical  Dendrobium  Lowii. 
The  keels  on  the  mid-lines  are  well  developed.  Petals 
oblong,  well  undulate.  Column  nearly  white,  with 
the  two  scarlet  spots  at  the  base  as  in  D.  Lowii.  The 
lip  oflers  the  very  remarkable  marks  of  distinction.  It 
is  very  much  like  that  of  Dendrobium  radians,  and 
may  be  compared  to  that  of  the  Burmese  D.  xantbo- 
phlebium.  The  side-lacinise  are  much  developed, 
blunt,  rectangular,  white,  edged  crimson,  quite  dis- 
tinct from  the  narrow  things  of  D.  Lowii.  Mid- 
iacinia  of  lip  obcordale,  undulate,  toothletted,  with  a 
very  short  constricted  base.  There  are  seven  thick 
crimson  keels  on  the  disc  of  the  mid-!acinia,  the  two 
external  ones  have  short  crimson  hairs  on  each  side,  and 
want  the  long  yellow  beard  of  D.  LoWii.  There  is  a 
crimson  wash  between  the  crimson  keels.  It  is  a 
very  good  Dendrobium,  as  is  D.  Lowii,  both  being 
uncommon,  and  very  peculiar.  H.  G.  Rihb.  /. 

Akrides  Ballantinianum,  «.  sp.\ 
A  fine  conspicuous  Aerides,  which  appears  to  have 
usually  rather  short  bilobed  leaves.  The  flowers  show 
such  a  great  variation,  that  I  had  some  time  ago  a 
dczen  at  once,  no  one  being  exactly  like  the  other. 
The  odd  sepal  and  petals  are  somewhat  toothed,  and 
those  three  being  white  while  the  lateral  sepals  are 
usually  adorned  with  a  purple  eye  blotch  at  the  top. 
Side-laciniffi  of  the  lip  equal  or  shorter  than  the  mid- 
lacinia,  reiuse  and  toothed  at  the  top,  orange  or  lighter 
and  sometimes  self-coloured,  at  other  limes  with  purple 
streaks  and  transverse  bars  of  drfferent  dimensions. 
Mid-lacinia  toothed  at  the  sides,  bidentate  at  the  top, 
white.  Spur  remarkably  short,  now  green,  now 
whitish-purple,  now  purple.  Rostellar  process  rather 
short.  This  species  partakes  of  the  characters  of 
Aerides  suavissimum  and  virens.  Had  it  not  been 
imported  in  such  numbers  I  should  have  suspected  it  to 
be  a  natural  mule.  Some  English  growers  suspect 
such  mules  were  the  consequence  of  the  presence  of 
our  excellent  veteran,  the  pride  of  English  collectors, 
Thomas  Lobb.  It  has  been  imported  by  Mr.  F.  San- 
der, at  whose  desire  it  is  named  in  honour  of  Mr.  Bal- 
lantine,  the  excellent  ga  rdener  of  Baron  von  Schroeder. 
H.  G,  KM.  f. 

Trichocentrum  fuscum  {Lindl.)  Krameri, 
«.  var. 

This  is  a  singular  variety  with  a  greater  flower  and  a 
longer,  much  thinner  spur  than  usual.  I  can  not,  how- 
ever, think  it  specifically  distinct.  It  was  sent  from 
Brazil  by  the  collector  Mr.  Kramer,  to  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
who  kindly  sent  me  twice  flowers.  //.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

*  Defuircbium  crythropo^cn,  u.  sp.  (hyb.  nat  ?).  — .^ff.  Den- 
di-obio  Lowii,  Lindl.  Labelli  laciniis  lateralibus  triangulis 
oblusis  magnis,  lacinia  mediana  brevissime  cuneata  obcordata 
undulata  denticulata.  carinis  in  disco  septenis,  iitroque  latere 
externis  geminis  cinnabarino-barbalis.  Ex  ins.  Sond.  Imp.  cl. 
Low.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

t  Aerides  Batlautinianuin,  n.  sp. — Foliis  abbreviatis  latis 
apice  obtusis  bilobis ;  racemis  densis  ;  sepalo  irapari  ac  tepalis 
obscure  denficulatis,  labelli  laciniis  lateralibus  apicibus  abruptis 
denticiilato  serratis,  lacinia  mediana  sublongiori  antice  lateri- 
bus  serrulatas  apice  bidentata,  corniculU  geminis  in  calcaris 
os-'o  antico  callo  obtuso  lamellari  cmarginatu  posticc  inferius. 
rostello  brevissimo.  H.  G.  KM:/. 


August  15,  ibSs-] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


199 


A  CLASSIFICATION  OF 
GARDEN  ROSES. 
I  AM  reminded  by  your  review  on  p.  136  how 
much  a  good  general  monograph  of  the  genus  Rosa  is 
needed.  Lindley's  Monoi^raph  was  published  in  the 
year  1S20,  and  since  then  a  great  number  of  new 
species  have  been  discovered,  and  a  very  large  number 
of  books  and  papers  have  been  written  bearing  upon 
the  subject  in  one  way  or  another.  The  ditficully 
which  one  finds  at  the  outset  in  using  Lindley's  book 
is  that  his  primary  groups  are  characterised  su  briefly, 
and  that  the  points  of  contrast  which  they  present 
aie  not  fully  and  clearly  brought  out  into  view.  The 
folluwing  key  shows  the  best  way  of  getting  over 
ihese  difficulties,  which,  after  having  had  a  large 
number  of  specimens  through  my  hands  during  the 
last  thirty  years,  I  am  able  to  suggest.  The  list  of 
species  is  only  intended  to  be  exhaustive  so  far  as 
garden  Roses  are  concerned,  with  the  addition  of  a 
few  well  marked  types  not  yet  brought  into  cultiva- 
tion. What  I  have  aimed  at,  is  to  give  a  separate 
number  to  well  marked  types  only,  and  to  place  under 
these  the  subspecies  and  varieties  into  which  they 
deviate.  Of  course  I  am  well  aware  that  in  Rosa,  of 
all  genera,  even  if  independent  observers  work  from 
the  same  standing-point,  it  is  not  in  the  least  likely 
that  any  two  of  them  will  draw  the  line  between 
species  and  subspecies  in  the  same  way.  What 
follows  must  therefore  be  taken  as  a  rough  draft  of  a 
very  condensed  guide  to  the  determination  and  classi- 
fication of  the  garden  types. 

Analytical  Key  to  the-  Groups. 

I,caf  simple,  exstipulate.  ..  ..      i.   Simflilifoli.i.. 

Leaf  compound,  stipulat'.-. 

Styles  lorming  a  column,  protruded  )         o 

beyond  the  disc.  \   '■   ^^^tvl^. 

•Styles  not  united  nor  protruded  be- 
yond the  disc. 
Stipules  nearly  free,  deciduous  ..       3.    B.anksian.i--. 
Stipules  adnate  above  the  middle, 
persistent. 


Heteracanth.i;.— /'rtV^/w^frt/Zf/v^f, 

gradually  into  acicnli  mid  seite. 
Leaves  not  rugose  ;  large )  ,  -p,,, 
,  prickles  long  and  slender.         ]   ^'  ^"' 


large     prickles     short     and  \  7.  Cent 


Prickles  slender  ;  leaf  not  elan- )    o    t. 

dular  below.  -    ]  ^-  V1LL0S.E. 

Prickles    stout    and     hooked ;  (         r- 

Icafnol  glandular  below.  /    9-  Canin.t£. 

Leaves  very  glandular  beneath.     10.  RuBiGiNos.t.. 

CLASSIFIED   ENUMERATION   OF  THE   GARDEN 
SPECIES  AND   SUBSPECIES. 

Group  I,    SlMPLlCil-OLI.L. 
t.  A*,  nrnpiicifolia,  Salisb.  (zrR.  berberifolia,  r'allas 
^  Lowea  berberifolia,  Lindl.=Hultheinua  berberifolia, 
iJumont). — Siberia  and  Persia. 

A*.  Hardi'i,  Paxt. — A  hybrid  between  berberifolia  and 
laxa. 

Group  II.  Systyl.^;. 
a.  A',  rcpcns,  Scop.  (R,  arvensis,  Huds.). — Europe. 

capreolata,  Neill  (the  Ayrshire  Rose). 
J.  A',  sempcrvirens,  Linn.,  South  Europe  and  India, 
prostrata,  DC. 
scandens,  Miller. 

LeschenauUiana,  Thory  and  Redonte. 
longicuspis,  Bertol. 
■1.  A*,  tnoschata.  Miller. — Southern  Europe  and  India. 
Duponiii,  Desegl.  (nivea,  Dupont). 
Brunonii,  Lindl. 

5.  R.  multiflota,  Thunb. — China  and  Japan. 

polyantha,      Siebold    {Lucice,     Franch.     and 
Rocheb. ) 

6.  A',   abyssinica,    R.    Br.  {Schimperiana,    Hochst., 

and  Steud.) — Abyssinia. 

8.  A".  Phoenicia,  Boiss.— Orient. 

9.  R.  seiigera,  Michx.  (rubifolia,  R.  Br.),  the  Prairie 
Rose. — United  States. 

10.  A*,  stylosa,  Desv.  (coUina.  E.  B.). — Europe. 

leucochroa,  Desv. 
systyla,  Bast. 
Connects  Groups  11,  and  IX. 

Group  III.  Banksian.^. 

11.  R.  Daiiksier,  R.  Br.  (inermis,  Roxb.).— China. 

lutea,  Lindl.,  Bot.  Re^.,  t.  1105. 

12.  R.  microcarpa,  Lindl.  (amoyensis,  Hance).— China. 

13.  R.  Fortuncana,  Lindl.  in  Paxt.   Floio.    Card.,   t. 
171— China. 


14.  R.  sinica,  Murr.  {laevigata,  Mich.  ;  ternata,  Poir. ; 
triphylla,  Roxb.;  nivea,  DC;  cherokensis.Donn.) — China, 

hystrix,  Lindl.,  Mo/r.,  t.  17. 

Group  IV.  Bracteat^. 

15.  R.  bracteatt,  Wendl.  (the  Macartney  Rose). 
— China. 

16.  A*,  involiicrata,  Koxb.  (Lyellii,  Lindl.  ;  palustris, 
Ilaniilt.).  — India, 

Group  V.    CiNNAMOME/E.       ^ 
In  some  of  these  there  are  only  the  pairs  of  prickles  at 
ilie  base  of  the  leaves,  but  in  several  of  the  species  there 
are  few  or  many  aciculi  in  addition.     These  latter  form 
a  connecting  link  between  Groups  V.  and  VI. 

17.  A',  cinnamomca,  Linn. — Europe  and  North  Asia. 

majAs,  Retz. 
davurica,  Pallas. 

18.  R.  Carolina,  Linn,  (corynibosa,  Ehrh.  ;  pennsyl- 
vanica,  Mich. ;  Hudsoniana,  Red.)— North  America. 

19.  R.  lucida,  Ehrh.  (baltica,  Roth.  ;  Rapa  Bobc). 
— North  America. 

20.  A',  humilis.  Marsh  (parvirtora,  Ehrh.}.— North 
America. 

21.  R.  niiida,  Willd.— North  America. 

22.  R.  laxa,  Retz.  {clinophylla,  Red.). — Siberia. 

23.  R.  Woodsii,   Lindl.  (Maximiliani,  Nees).— North 

America,  west  side, 
californica,  C.  and  S. 
pisocarpa,  A.  Gray. 
Fendleri,  Crepin. 

24.  A'.  ?iutkana,  Presl. — North-west  America. 

25.  R.  gymnocarpa,  Nutt.— North  America. 

26.  R.  anseri}!(Tfolia,  Boiss.— Orient. 

27.  R.  Fedtsc/icnkoana,  Regel.— Central  Asia. 

28.  R.    rugosa,    Thunb.    (ferox,    Lawr.  ;    Regeliana. 

Andre). — Japan  and  Siberia, 
kamschatica.  Vent. 

29.  R.  scricea.  Lindl.— India. 

30.  R.  microp/iylhi,  Lindl. — China.  Connects  the 
Cinnaraomeas  and  Bracteatte. 

A'.  Iwara,  Siebold.— Supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  between 
rugosa  and  multiflora. 

Group   VI.    PlMPINELLIFOLI^. 

31.  R.  splnonssiiua,   L.  (pimpinellifolia,    L.  ;  scotica, 

Miller).— Europe  and  Siberia, 
.allaica,  Willd.  (grandifiora,  Lindl.). 
myriacantha,  DC. 

32.  R,  lVebbia?ia,  Wall.— Himalayas. 

33.  R.  platyacantha,  Schrenk. — Central  Asia. 
34^  R.  rubella.  Smith.— Europe. 

stricla,  Donn, 
gentilis,  Sternb. 
reversa,  W.  and  K. 
These    perhaps    hybrids    between  spinosissima  and 
alpina. 

35.  R,  hibernka,  Sm. — Ireland  and  England.  Per- 
haps a  hybrid  between  spinosissima  and  canina. 

36.  R.  involtita,   Sm. — Europe,  principally  Britain. 

Sabini,  Woods, 
gracilis,  Woods. 
Wilsoni,  Borrer. 

37.  A',  macrophylla.  Lindl. — India. 

38.  R. alpina,  L.  (inermis.  Mill.).— Europe. 

pendulina,  L. 

39.  A',  blanda,  Ail.— North  Anicrici. 

fraxinifolia,  Boikli. 
arkansana.  Porter. 
.10,  A',  (icicularh.  Lindl.  — Xorlli  Temperate  lonv. 
carelica,  I-'ries. 
Sayi,  Sclnvein. 
.[I.  A',    hemispluvnca,    Ilerm.    (glaucophylla,   Elirii.  ; 
sulphurea,  Alt.  ;  Rapini,  Boiss.).— Orient. 

42.  A',  hhpida,  Sims  (lutescens,  Pursh.).  —  Garden 
origin. 

Group  VII.  Centiiolli:. 

43.  R.  gillica,  L.  (austriaca,  Crantz.).— Europe  and 

Western  Asis. 
pumila,  L.  fil. 
incarnala.  Miller, 
provinci-ilis,  Miller- 

44.  A",  ccntifolia.  Miller.— Orient. 

muscosa.  Miller, 
pomponia,  DC, 

parvifolia     Ehrh.    ^burgundica,    Rossig.  ;     rc- 
niensis,  Desf.). 

45.  A',  damascena.  Miller  (bifera,  Pers.).— Orient. 

belgica.  Miller, 
portlandica,  Hort. 
calendarum,  Moench. 
variegata,  Andrews. 

46.  R.  turbinata.  Ait.  (francofurtensis,  Desf;  cam- 
panulata,  Ehrh.).— Garden  origin,  perhaps  hybrid 
between  gallica  and  canina. 

R.  hybrida,  Schleich.  and  R.  arvina,  Krock,  prob- 
ably hybrids  between  gallica  and  arvensis. 

Group  VIII.  VlLLOS^. 

47.  A',    villosa,    Linn,    (mollis,    Smith  ;    ms'^Uissima, 


'Fries). — North  Europe.  Numerous  varieties' 
pomifera,  Herm. 
48.  R.  orieiilalis,  Dupont. — Orient. 
49-  ^-      totnentosa,      Smith.  —  Europe.      Numerous 
varieties. 
fa;tida,  Bast, 
scabriuscula.  Smith, 

50.  A',  ip/iiul/folia,  Dematra. — Switzerland. 

51.  A'.  /Lrckcliana,  Tratt,- South  Europe. 

Group  JX.  Canin.i:. 

52.  A',  canina,  Linn. — Europe,  Orient.  Varieties 
innumerable  ;  150  are  treated  as  species,  with  full 
synonymy,  in  Deseglise's  catalogue  of  the  Roses  of 
Europe  and  Asia.  One  series  of  forms  has  erect  subper- 
sistenl  sepals,  and  another  leaves  slightly  glandular 
beneath. 

53.  A*,  alba,  L. — Garden  origin,  perhaps  a  hybrid 
between  canina  and  gaUica, 

54.  A*,  rubrifolia,  ViU. — Europe. 

55.  R.  www^affij,  Chaix  (Reynieri,  Halt.  til. ).— Central 
Europe. 

56.  A',  indlca,  L.  (chinensis,  Jacq.).— Native  country 

not  clearly  known. 

fragrans,  Red.  (odoratissima,  Sweet). 

semperflorens,   Curt,  (diversifolia.  Vent  ;  ben- 
galensis,  Pers.). 

longifolia,  Willd. 

caryophyllea,  Red. 

minima,  Curt.  (Lawrence^na,  Sweet). 

anemonaeflora,  Hort. 
A'.  Noisetteana,  Seringe,  and  R.  Terniuxiana,  Ser., 
are  supposed  to  be  hybrids  between  indica  and  mos- 
chata  ;  A',  borbonica.  Red.,  between  indica  and  gallica; 
R.  rcclinaia.  Red.  {Boursault  Rose],  between  indica  and 
alpina;  R.  ruga,  Lindl.,  between  indica  fragrans,  and 
arvensis  ;  and  R.  Fortmieana,  Lemaire,  Jard,  Flair., 
t.^  361,  is  doubtless  also  a  hybrid,  of  which  indica  is  one 
of  the  parents. 


Group  X.  KuBiGiNOS^. 
57.  A*,  rubiginosa,  L,  (Eglanteria,  Miller  ; 


lens. 


Pursh . ) .  — Europe. 

58.  R.  micrantha.  Smith,  Europe. 

59.  A*,  scpium,  Thuill. — Europe.    Numerous  varieties. 

agrestis,  Savi. 

inodora.  Fries  (Klukii,  Besser), 

60.  R.fcrox,  M.  B.—North  Asia. 

61.  R.  gluiinosa,  S.  and  S,  (pulverulenta,  M,  B. ). — 
Orient. 

62.  A'.  luUa.  Miller  (Eglanteria,  L.). — Orient. 

punicca,  Miller. 
7.  6".  /)'(7/rr,  Ke-iO  Herbariinuj  August^  1885. 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM, 

A  BEVIEW  of  the  genus,  even  so  far  as  we  have 
already  got  with  it,  reveals  a  most  complicated  and 
perplexing  but  interesting  state  of  things,  the  number 
of  intermediate  forms  which  are  continually  increasing 
going  a  great  way  towards  obscuring  those  which 
have  formerly  been  regarded  as  distinct,  and  causing 
one  to  iiuestion  whether  such  a  thing  as  a  pure 
species  exists  among  them  all,  and  lo  long  for  one,  no 
matter  how  insignificanl,  which  would  in  alt  the 
dillcrent  specimens  of  ii  bea^*  the  same  features  un- 
rhanged,  for  doubts  as  to  the  stability  of  the  species 
are  still  further  strengthened  by  their  extraordinary 
variability  the  dillerence  between  a  bad  and  a  good 
form  of  the  same  species  being  often  as  great  as  that 
in  a  closely  allied  supposed  hybrid  which  cannot  be 
accorded  the  name  of  the  species  itself  Let  the 
mind  pass  before  its  mirrors  a  starry-petalled  form  of 
Odonloglossum  crispuni,  and  then  in  their  turns  all 
the  dilteient  grades  until  the  gigantic  white  form  and 
the  unapproachable  purple  blotched  and  tinged  O. 
c.  \eitchianum  be  reached — what  endless  variety 
is  revealed  !  Could  but  the  whole  be  divided  into 
six  or  even  a  dozen  distinct  branches,  according  to 
the  leading  types  now  known,  and  all  the  interme- 
diate forms  eliminated,  the  members  of  the  O.  crispum 
group  itself  would  give  material  for  so  many  distinct 
species.  The  same  line  of  argument  also  hold  good 
in  a  lesser  degree  ;  in  most  of  the  other  species  their 
innate  variability  and  their  inter-connection  by  cross- 
breeding seeming  to  weave  them  one  into  the  other 
with  but  few  breaks,  and  those  they  probably  require  but 
time  and  fresh  importations  to  clear  away.  If  but  a 
reliable  foundation  and  starting-point  could  be  found, 
it  would  be  interesting  to  construct  a  genealogical 
tree  of  the  genus  showing  the  prime  ancestor,  if  the 
botanical  heraldry  could  point  him  out,  and  thus  the 
history  of  the  great  and  complicated  family  might 
be  traced.  We  should  see  where  crispum  joined 
luteo  ■  puip'^Ci-m,    and    resulted    in    Wilckeanum  ; 


200 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


where  crispum  became  allied  to  odoratum  and 
produced  Ruckerianum  and  a  score  others  ;  where 
crispum,  mated  with  Lindleyanum  and  had  issue 
Coradinei  ;  and  where  the  same  crispum  merged  into 
Pescatorei  wilh  Pescatorei  Lehmanni,  and  being  a 
great  group  formed  innumerable  other  connections. 
All  the  other  main  types  seem  to  have  been  equally 
intent  on  being  fruitful  and  multiplying,  and  re. 
plenishing  that  portion  of  the  earth  allotted  to  them  ; 
and  it  needs  only  experience  in  them  to  be  able  to  con- 
nect all  the  branches  in  the  same  manner  as  that  run- 
ning fronc  lutto-purpureum  and  triumphans  through 
pt^enitans,  polyxanthum,  nevadense,  Saiideiianum, 
and  so  on,  by  the  assistance  of  their  collateral  aids, 
until  the  meanest  forms  of  construction  are  reached, 
and  even  ihey  are  found  to  be  as  unstable  as  the 
others— some  of  these  flowers  mimicing  the  features  of 
Litidleyana,  and  others  tho=e  of  blandum  on  a  small 
scale  :  the  smaller  the  flower  the  more  profusely 
branched  the  spike. 

The  only  Odontoglossum  we  have  in  cultivation 
which  is  distinct  and  unvarying  is  the  lovely  little  O, 
nsvium,  and  that  quality  in  it  is  only  due  to  the  fact 
that  all  the  plants  originated  from  the  few  specimens 
originally  imported.  Should  it  ever  be  got  over  in 
quantity  it  will  probably  be  found  to  be  no  exception 
to  that  changeableness  which  they  seem  so  eager  to 
exhibit.  Dr.  Lindley  himself  remarks  that  out  of  the 
two  or  three  specimens  of  O.  pardinum  he  had  ex- 
amined one  of  them  was  not  spotted  all  yellow,  and 
culture  often  reveals  the  unspotted  panther  mentioned 
by  him. 

But  all  this  only  makes  the  botanist's  work  more 
necessary  and  more  difticult,  the  innumerable  lovely 
things  which  are  continually  cropping  up  positively 
demanding  distinctive  names  for  all  considerations, 
scientific  and  commercial.  The  weight  of  the  work, 
therefore,  which  has  fallen  on  Professor  H.  G, 
Reichenbach  will  be  readily  understood,  and  too 
great  praise  cannot  be  given  to  him  for  the  readiness 
wilh  which  he  has  recognised  distinct  thing?;,  and  the 
acutenesswilh  which  hehas  delected  chance varietions. 
Considering  the  gradual  growth  of  the  now  great  and 
increasing  genus,  and  the  often  scanty  materials  sub* 
milled  to  him,  one  can  only  wonder  that  the  names 
given  stand  the  test  of  time  as  they  do.  No  man 
under  the  circumstances  could  have  done  better,  and 
nothing  remains  but  to  adhere  to  the  names  given 
without  considering  whether  the  plants  named  be 
species  or  hybrids,  for  after  all,  the  cross-parentage 
ascribed  to  the  plants  is  only  founded  on  conjecture, 
although  those  who  know  the  peculiarities  of  column, 
crest,  and  labellum  of  the  reputed  parents,  can  foim 
sn  idea  on  the  subject  which  admits  of  no  doubt. 

Altogether  the  genus  Odontoglossum  is  the  Orchid 
growers'  greatest  pets  —  the  beauty,  variety,  and 
amenability  to  good  culture  of  its  members  rendering 
it  exceptionally  useful  and  desirable.  The  facilities 
given  of  late  years  for  acquiring  the  plants  through 
the  great  importations,  has  contiibuted  largely 
to  the  popularity  of  the  Odontoglossums,  giving, 
as  they  do,  a  seemingly  never-ending  supply 
of  novelties.  These  novelties  are  almost  wholly 
obtained  from  the  cross-bred  varieties  flowering  in  the 
importations,  or  from  local  varieties,  and  in  the 
matter  of  showy  distinct  new  kinds  we,  in  recent 
times,  have  little  to  plume  ourselves  about,  as  the  fine 
old  enumerated  species  discovered  by  Ilartweg, 
Warscewicz,  Skinner,  Jamieson,  and  those  olhei^ 
early  travellers,  have  merely  been  reintroduced  in  our 
times,  and  many  of  them  have  not  even  yet  been  got 
over.  The  famed  Schiller  collection  in  Hamburgh, 
in  which  so  much  was  done  by  good  culture  to  foster 
and  spread  a  love  for  these  plants,  contained,  in  the 
year  1S56,  a  fine  lot  of  Odontoglossums,  com- 
prising most  ol  those  we  now  call  rare  (except 
the  hybrids)  and  several  others  which  are  not  now  in 
cultivation.  Among  Schiller's  rare  things  may  be 
noted  Odontoglossum  revolutum,  a  noble,  large^ 
yellow-flowered  species,  discovered  by  Hartweg  at 
an  elevation  of  11,000  feet;  the  Costa  Rica  O. 
Warscewiczii,  and  the  profuse  flowering  O.  Schil- 
lerianum,  which  was  only  imported  here  by  Sander 
last  year. 

Before  enumerating  the  species  a  word  as  to  the 
botanical  characteristics  of  the  genus  will  not  be  out 
of  place,  as  we  frequently  see  certain  species  men- 
tioned both  as  Oncidiums  and  Odontoglossum,  In  a 
recent  sale  catalogue.  O.  retusum  is  so  described, 
and  Oncidium  orientale  spoken  of  as  a  very  fine 
Odontoglossum,  while  in  a  paper  before  me  I  see 
Oncidium    loxensc   mentioned     ^s   one   of    the    best 


Odontoglossums  Hartweg  ever  discovered.  This  arises 
from  carelessness,  as  although  Odontoglossum  and 
Oncidium  in  certain  sections  approach  very  near  each 
other  in  some  features,  things  are  not  so  mixed  that 
they  cannot  be  determined,  and  the  plants  must  be 
either  one  or  the  other,  unless  further  complications 
arise  by  a  home  raised  batch  of  seedlings  between  the 
two  genera. 

The  pollinia  (2)  are  the  same  in  both  Odontoglos- 
sum and  Opcidium,  and  therefore  give  no  assistance 
in  separating  them,  but  very  marked  features  will 
always  be  found  in  Odontoglossum,  consisting  of  the 
long  projecting  column,  generally  thin  at  the  base, 
and  of  the  base  or  keel  of  the  lip  always  running 
parallel  with  the  under-side  of  the  column  for  some 
distance  before  expanding  into  the  showy  portion, 
which  turns  down  at  an  angle  and  faces  to  the  front 
of  the  flower.  These  and  other  minor  features,  more 
easily  to  be  understood  by  dissection  of  the  flowers 
than  by  the  aid  of  description,  afford  a  ready  means 
of  correctly  determining  the  genera.  Let  us  hope 
that  all  ihose  with  the  necessary  material  at  their 
command  will  turn  their  attention  to  this  interesting 
side  of  the  question,  so  useful  in  tracing  the  parentage 
of  chance  varieties,  as  well  as  in  determining  their 
genera.   James  O'Brien. 

(To  be  crntittii«i.) 


fresher  colour  betrays  a  fresh-skinned  portion  of  a 
leaf;  there  the  enemy  lies,  invisible,  except  to  the 
long-practised  eye.  As  soon  as  he  is  discovered  turn 
the  leaf  over  and  squeeze  him  tight  ;  there  are  grounds, 
however,  for  a  dismal  suspicion  that  unless  the  head 
be  crushed  the  creature  refills  himself,  the  skin  being 
tough,  and  next  day  he  is  at  work  again  as  hungry  as 
ever.  This  suspected  occurrence,  however,  I  refrain 
from  too  closely  verifying.  The  Rose  pest  of  former 
years — that  little  bright  green  caterpillar  who  after 
auhile  sewed  himself  up  in  a  leaf,  became  a  liny  black 
chrysalis,  and  then  emerged  a  smart  little  yellow  moth, 
was  not  nearly  so  bad  as  the  voracious  skinner.  It  is 
long  smce  that  little  moth  used  to  be  too  common  in 
the  garden.  To  see  it  again  would  at  once  bring 
back  the  past,  with  a  feeling  of  dark  summer  evenings 
in  long-lost  years,  and  a  pervading  sense  of  the  smell 
of  rain  upon  the  summer  leaves. 

There  are  some  insects  which  would  seem  to  be 
less  abundant  now  than  formerly.  It  gave  roe  plea- 
sure to  meet  a  cockchafer  one  morning  !  The  bur- 
nished Rose-beetle  who  used  to  sit  like  a  green  jewel 
in  the  heart  of  a  Rose,  or  burr  over  the  Roses  in  the 
sunshine,  I  never  see  here  now.  Even  the  little  leaf- 
cutter  bee  has  deserted  us.  His  neatly  rounded 
cuttings,  sawn  out  of  the  Rose  leaves,  disfigured  them 
infinitely  less  than  one  day's  work  of  a  skinner  I     The 


Fig,  40.— odontoglossum  cok.^L'Inei. 


NOTES  FROM  A  BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE  GARDEN. 

^«/>'  3. — The  thought  of  June  Roses  would  have 
been  marred  had  the  grievous  blight  that  fell  upon 
some  of  them  been  spoken  of  at  the  time.  Happily 
ours,  which  are  affected  thus,  are  few,  and  the  dis- 
figurement they  suffer  slight  compared  with  ihe  reports 
from  other  places,  The  Roses  most  dear  to  me  have, 
however,  suffered  most.  The  leaves  of  the  Damask 
Roses,  filling  up  the  corner  of  the  old  south  wall,  are 
white  with  blight  ;  some  of  the  York  and  Lancasters 
the  same  ;  and  the  leaves  of  some  few  other  kinds  are 
spoiled  r'l  over  with  brown.  Not  one  of  the  Tea 
Roses  is  touched,  nor  any  of  our  new  Roses.  Where 
the  green  leaves  are  affected  the  flowers  themselves 
also  suffer,  and  look  pale  and  stunted.  Far  worse 
than  blight  are  the  ravages  of  that  cruel  caterpillar 
which  skins  the  leaves.  He  seems  to  prefer  the  old 
Blush  Rose  to  all  others,  and  its  leaves  are  the  first 
to  be  attacked.  I  confess  I  hate  the  skinner,  and 
destroy  as  many  as  I  can  lay  my  finger  on.  He  is  as 
wily  as  he  is  destructive,  and  being  the  same 
colour  as  the  leaf,  is  very  hard  to  find.  He 
has  a  way  of  lying  close  along  ihe  very  edge  of  a  leaf, 
or  stretched  out  in  such  a  position  as  to  be  almost 
indistinguishable  from  the  veins.  At  mid-day,  when 
the  skinner  has  turned  in  under  the  leaf  for  shade,  it 
is  useless  to  hunt,  for  he  cannot  possibly  be  seen. 
The  best  time  for  a  successful  massacre  is  in  the 
morning,  as  early  as  you  please.     A  little  patch  of 


Musk  Rose  that  we  planted  last  year  is  flowering 
freHy  ;  small  flowers  with  a  small  delicious  scent.  I 
wonder  if  the  delicate  pink  of  its  petals  is  the  *'  musk* 
colour"  of  some  old  writers  I  Does  not  Shakespeare 
write  somewhere  of  a  "musk-coloured  coat?"  The 
white  Noisettes  climbing  all  over  our  old  Stone  Pine 
droops  down  to  the  very  grass  in  trails  and  wreaths 
covered  thick  with  bunches  of  little  white  Roses  in 
lavish  beauty.  The  curious  strong  fragrance  fills  all 
that  end  of  the  garden.  A  child,  a  little  elf  of  blue 
eyes  and  pink  cheeks  running  here  and  there, 
through  and  through  the  Rose-falls,  was  one  day 
like  a  dream  from  fairyland  !  Rosa  microphylla  has 
grown  her?elf  into  a  great  green  bush  in  the  Fantaisie. 
But  as  to  flowering,  she  seems  to  think  little  of  that  ; 
two  or  three  red  flowers  only,  of  no  account.  The 
darlings  of  the  year  are  the  great  broad-flowered 
York  and  Lancasters.  I  count  them  over  morning 
after  morning  as  a  miser  counts  his  gold.  It  is  worth 
a  visit  just  after  sun-rise  to  see  and  smell  them  with 
the  dew  upon  their  petals.  They  are  what  Chaucer 
would  call  "brode  Roses,"  so  wide  do  their  firm  and 
well-set  petals  spread.  The  while  Cabbage — which 
U5ed  also  to  be  called  within  my  memory  Ihe  Nea- 
politan Rose  and  the  Provence — is  this  summer  more 
than  ever  bounteous  in  its  pure  white  bloom.  White 
Roses,  however,  are  not  my  favourites,  excepting 
perhaps  Niphetos  the  waxen  devoniensis  and  the 
Japanese  rugosa.  There  are  summer  days  when  it  is 
too  hot  for  any  but  white  flowers  "  to  deck  the  house," 
and  in  such  sultry  heat  while   Roses  help  to  coo!  the 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


201 


shaded  room.  A  Rose-de-Meaux,  a  little  perfumed 
nest  of  prim  pinkness,  has  bloomed  like  an  old- 
fashioned  woodcut  under  the  Holly  hedge.  I  want 
to  have  near  it  the  tiny  Fairy  Rose  of  former  years, 
a  wee  bush  pinked  over  with  the  wee-est  of  China 
Roses.  Several  new  plants  of  Souvenir  d'un  Ami  are 
blooming  well.  No  Rose  lasts  so  long  when  gathered 
as  this  does.  The  old  Marechal  Niel  in  the  green- 
house has  renewed  his  youth,  and  has  given  up  his 
hundreds  this  spring,  while  one  planted  under  a 
north  wall  (according  to  advice)  failed  to  do  better 
for  us  than  give  a  few  greenish  buds.  The  Roses  of 
the  Boccage  are  superb  in  size  and  colour.  The  new 
ground  suits  them,  and  for  half  the  day  they  are 
shaded  by  the  Elms.  For  a  modern  Rose  I  like 
Beauty  of  Waltham  as  well  as  any  ;  its  form  and 
luminous  colour,  emitting  rays  of  crimson  that  *'bid 
the  rash  gazer  wipe  his  eye,"  are  as  perfect  as  any 
such  Rose  can  be.  In  the  shade,  behind  the  others, 
modestly  blooms  a  lovely  new  Rose,  Madame 
Audot,  scarcely  differing,  however,  from  our  old 
friend  the  Maiden's  Blush — perhaps  a  little  richer 
in  colour,  and  in  scent  a  little  poorer.  It  is  pleasant 
to  come  suddenly  upon  this  blaze  of  Roses  at  a  dis- 
tance from  the  house,  and  divided  from  the  nearer 


Constancy  for  their  text.  It  is  as  good  as  a 
meditation  by  Jeremy  Taylor.  We  were  very  grave 
about  it  last  year  ;  only  a  very  little  was  to  1)6 
permitted  ;  it  was  denouuced.as  too  encroaching  ;  and 
a  quantity  of  it  was  ruthlessly  cut  away.  We  believed 
its  humiliation  to  be  secure.  Not  a  bit  of  it  !  Never 
did  it  spread  and  Bourish  and  flower  more  abundantly 
than  it  has  done  this  summer.  It  ran  round  the 
corner  of  the  house  and  made  a  blooming  bower  of 
itself  in  the  shade  under  the  east  porch.  It  gave  a 
rich  deep  pink  background  for  the  white  Irises,  and 
Blush  Roses  to  the  south  ;  it  actually  climbed  up  and 
looked  in  at  the  dining-room  windows,  and  nodded  to 
us  as  we  sat  at  breakfast.  "J*y  suis  et  j'y  reste  !  "  it 
said,  as  plain  as  words  ;  and  after  all  I  had  to  confess 
its  conquerirf^  beauty.  The  gaidener  would  say  I  am 
rather  weak  about  some  things.  '*Pea«e  Everlast- 
ing," has  overcome  ;  and  so  has  the  White  Biiony.  I 
had  said,  that  this  Briony  should  not  advance  beyond 
a  certain  point.  And  I  found  myself  to-day  sur- 
rounded by  the  beauty  of  ten  thousand  ice-green 
blossoms,  overspreading  a  low  ivy  wall,  at  least 
twelve  feet  beyond  the  bounds  I  had  set  I  With 
unnumbered  lengths  of  out-shot  tendrils  stretching 
all    over    it   every    way   in     eager     quest     for    the 


June  has  budded,  bloomed,  and  fallen  ;  and  like 
the  quickly  passing  sweetness  of  them  many  a  friend 
has  come  and  gone.  The  dry,  green  paths  hedged  in 
with  Beech  or  Rose  are  haunted  in  this  parching 
weather,  not  alone  by  waving  shadows  on  the  grass, 
but  by  dear  memories  of  a  face  or  a  voice  that  was 
here  and  is  not.  The  garden,  though  in  all  its  prime, 
was  remarkable  for  its  blue.  Cloudy  pillars  of  Blue 
Clematis  rose  everywhere  on  the  borders,  showing  well 
especially  among  the  Cryptomerias  of  the  Fanlaisie. 
There  were  many  shades  of  blue,  from  pale  sky  to  ultra- 
marine. The  dark  blue  double  kind  is  a  desirable  plant, 
for  its  quality  of  lasting  longer  than  its  single  sisters. 
Within  the  walls  there  grew  a  love  group  of  white 
Lily  with  pink  Roses  against  a  misty  background  of 
blue  Larkspur,  while  on  the  other  side  the  walk 
reigned  in  brilliant  confusion,  Himalayan  Poppies  of 
every  red  and  rosy  tint.  People  say  that  these  Poppies, 
which  we  call  Himalayan,  or  annual  Poppies,  are 
common.  Vet  nobody  seems  to  grow  them  !  They 
have  been  from  May  till  now,  to  ourselves  and  every 
visitor,  the  wonder  and  joy  of  the  garden.  Whether 
double  or  single,  like  the  field  Poppy,  they  are  full  of 
a  happy  radiancy  of  colour  which  cheers  both  the  eyes 
and  heart.     New  combinations  of  colour  and  pattern 


Fig.  41.— a,  odontoglossum  nevadense  ;    B,  odontoglossum  poly.\anthus.     (see  p.  199.) 


pleasaunce  by  grassy  paths  and   lines  of  trees.     So 
much  for  our  Rose  garden. 

The  garden  is  more  fragrant  this  summer  than  is 
its  wont.  One  cannot  tell  which  sweet  scent  does  most 
prevail,  whether  that  of  Sweet  Peas,  or  Mignonette, 
or  honey-scented  Alyssum  ;  while  about  the  iron  gates 
in  the  old  brick  walls  flexuosa  Honeysuckle  flings 
perfume  far  and  near.  The  Sweet  Pea  hedge  round 
half  the  tennis-lawn  is  full  of  lovely  caprices  of 
colour.  One  set  of  white  blossoms  is  tinged  with 
pale  bluish  tinge.  That  quaint,  patchy,  greyish  and 
white  kind,  which,  by  some  absurd  association  of 
ideas,  reminds  me  always  of  the  old  sign  of  the 
"  Bald-faced  Stag  "  on  Putney  Heath,  is  frequent, 
and  so  is  the  old  fashionedest  of  all  — the  pretty  pink 
and  while.  We  have  not  yet  the  new  pink  Sweet 
Pea,  the  colour  of  a  Moss  Rose  or  Raspberry  cream. 
Plain  white  is,  after  all,  the  best  perhaps.  Nature 
never  planned  a  lovelier  flower  of  such  airy  lightness. 
It  might  shake  its  butterfly-wings  and  fly,  it  is  so 
lightly  poised  upon  the  slender  stalk  !  Perhaps  to 
the  name  "  Sweet  Pea,"  and  to  the  sweet  freshness  of 
the  flower,  memories  of  childhood  cling  more  closely 
than  to  any  other  garden  name.  Sweet  Peas  and 
Mignonette  should  always  grow  together.  Even  the 
down-trodden  Everlasting  Pea  ('*  Pease  everlasting," 
and  "  Save  euerlasting,"  as  Gerard  calls  them),  with 
its  large  frank  blossoms,  has  this  year  won  its  way 
to  favour.  That  plant  is  in  itself  an  epitome  of 
all   the  sermons  of    the    year,   with    Courage    and 


touch  of  some  sympathetic  branch,  with  glossy  Ivy  and 
blue  Berberis  berries  mixing  through  the  flowers  and 
foliage,  it  is  certainly  as  people  say,  "a  Picture." 
Near  a  little  wicket  gate  at  the  end  of  a  grass  walk 
grows  a  female  Briony,  smaller  and  more  reticent, 
wreathed  about  with  round  green  fruit.  During  a 
short  absence  this  was  written  to  me — "  No  one  has 
passed  through  the  little  green  gate  since  you  left,  I 
am  sure  ;  the  Briony  has  put  out  a  tiny  hand  which 
clasps  it  so  tight."  Totally  difTerent,  and  most 
charming  in  its  way,  are  the  clumps  of  Alstromeria, 
whose  orange  blossoms  pass  "  wrapt  through  many  a 
rosy  change  "  into  pink  and  white.  It  is  invaluable 
in  nosegays  for  the  flower-glasses.  It  will  have  to  be 
transplanted  from  its  rather  obscure  corner  at  a 
distance  from  the  house  by  the  garden-men's  cottage. 
Itwouldkeep  theeast  border  "furnished  "  untilihe  time 
of  Phloxes.  Ever  since  mid-winter  the  flower-glasses  on 
my  table  have  glowed  with  a  rich  succession  of 
Amaryllis  formosissima  and  double  scarlet  Hibiscus.  ' 
The  long  firm  petals  of  this  Amaryllis,  well  named  the 
most  beautiful,  burn  red  beneath  the  silken  surface — a 
just  imitation  of  old  red  enamel.  I  never  tired  of 
watching  the  play  of  inner  light  ;  the  turn  of  each 
petal  shone  like  a  piece  of  old  jeweller's  work. 

July  24. — One  month  has  passed  since  the  garden 
lay  flushed  with  the  full  glory  of  midsummer.  It  is  a 
little  sad  that  nothing  now  remains  but  a  memory  of 
it  ;  that  thinking  of  the  garden  flowers  one  must  say 
that  this,  and  this,  has  been  I     Many  a  flower  since 


are  perpetually  coming  ;  and  I  do  not  despair  of  the 
scarlets  some  day  running  into  pure  orange-yellow. 
There  is  one  low-growing  double  kind  scarcely  dis- 
tinguishable from  a  pink  Carnation.  There  is  one  half- 
double  with  white  petals  hemmed  with  pink,  and  one 
streaked  with  crimson.  The  colours  are  all  bright  and 
clean,  set  off  by  the  yellow  stamens.  One  or  two 
are  rather  handsome  with  black  centres;  but  these 
have  none  of  the  clear  joyous  grace  of  my  favourites. 
For  "decking  the  house,"  to  use  again  Parkinson's 
quaint  phrase,  they  are  admirable,  lasting  fresh  for 
days,  if  gathered  in  the  heat  of  the  sun.  To  me  the 
petals  are  like  fairy  shells  ;  my  housekeeper  is  re- 
minded by  them  of  the  muslin  gowns  her  grandmother 
used  to  wear.  The  whole  race  of  French  Poppies,  so 
called,    are   far   inferior,    despite    their    grand   seed 

vessels  and  their  fine  grey  foliage I  am 

rebuked  by  the  sweet  face  of  one  of  these  very 
Poppies  looking  reproachfully  at  me  across  the  table. 
Some  one  has  gathered  it  and  placed  it  in  a  glass  of 
water  for  me.  The  colour  is  vermilion-red  and 
white,  most  delicate  and  pure.  The  seed  of  that 
Poppy  must  be  marked. 

In  the  white  splendour  of  their  contrast  to  the 
Poppies  how  beautiful  the  blooming  of  Madonna 
Lilies  has  been  !  (It  is  all  "  has  been,"  now  !)  Does 
any  one  know  why  the  Lily  leaves  almost  always  fail  ? 
Before  their  buds  flowered  our  Lilies  for  the  most 
part  looked  deplorable — their  withered  leaves  hanging 
down  around  the  tall  stems.     In  due  time,  when  tbt 


202 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


stems  were  crowned  with  ihe  majesty  beside  which 
the  gloiy  of  Solomon  was  as  nought,  we  forgot  the 
dreary  deadness  of  the  foliage.  In  Switzerland, 
where  the  cottage  gardens  are  filled,  like  those  ia 
England,  with  white  Lilies,  I  am  told  the  stalk- 
leaves  remain  green.  Two  or  three  of  our  finest 
clumps  (ailed  suddenly — in  one  night,  it  seemed— 
the  doomed  plant  withering  down  to  the  very  bulb. 
This  was  an  unusual  disaster,  and  I  blamed  "the 
invisible  worm  that  flies  in  the  dark  and  howling 
storm."  In  the  same  boider  we  have  several  great 
plants  of  Lilium  auratum  without  a  speck  upon  their 
leaves. 

The  Evening  Primrose  (Oenothera)  came  into  bloom 
before  its  appointed  time,  and  her  fair  flowers  are  even 
larger  than  usual.  Downy-winged  moths  hover  round 
them  in  the  daik  warm  evenings.  It  is  said  that 
those  who  watch  may  see  the  buds  open.  I  have 
watched,  but  had  never  patience  to  wait  long  enough. 
Most  flowers  are  best  in  the  morning,  when  they  are 
refreshed  with  dews  and  darkness  ;  but  to  see  Oeno- 
thera aright  she  must  be  vjsited  *'by  the  pale  moon- 
light," when  the  air  is  still  and  heavy  with  the  odours 
of  night-scented  flowers  under  the  full  golden  moon 
of  July.  On  such  a  dewless  night  (Knothera  expands 
her  broad  Primrose  flowers,  and  seems  to  throb 
through  all  her  being  with  a  strange  moon-life.  Once 
sown  the  Evening  Primrose  takes  care  of  itself  ever 
after.  We  have  them  growing  in  a  line  along  the 
Larch  walk,  all  twined  about  and  dressed  with  a  large- 
blossomed  wreathing  pink  Convolvulus.  Another 
company  of  them  edging  an  evergreen  border  shine 
in  the  light  of  their  loveliness  out  of  the  sombre  brown 
of  Cryptomerian  darkness.  Alas  !  (Enothera  owns 
one  fatal  flaw.  It  is  hard  even  to  whisper  of  iis 
repulsive  smell — a  smell  which  is  also  so  sensitive 
that  the  flower  seems  to  give  it  out  or  retain  it  at 
will.  At  night,  if  the  stem  be  shaken,  or  if  the 
flower-cup  trembles  at  the  touch  of  a  moth  as  it 
alights,  out  pours  the  dreadful  odour.  I  shall  hope 
some  day  for  the  perfumed  while  variety.  Another 
old  love  of  former  years  is  the  Indian  Moonflower. 
Some  of  the  large  white  seeds  were  sent  us  in  the 
winter  from  Madras,  and  now  I  am  anxiously  watch- 
ing the  growth  of  two  fine  plants  which  sprung  from 
them.  It  used  to  blow  at  the  end  of  July,  when  the 
moon  was  full,  between  9  and  10  at  night,  opening 
wide,  like  a  pure  white  Convolvulus,  with  a  delicious 
scent. 

Night-blowing  flowers  are  mostly  pale  or  white. 
The  Nicoliana  hanging  on  its  stalk  half  dead  by  day, 
is  radiant  as  a  silver  star  when  night  draws  on.  In 
the  lioccage  we  have  two  fine  clumps  of  Spiderwort 
(Trade^cantia),  a  flower  I  remember  set  amongst 
childhood's  wonders,  earliest  almost  of  all  flowers. 
Buds  mass  themselves  in  clusters  all  over  the  plants, 
and  every  day  on  each  cluster  appears  a  new  three- 
cornered  purple  gem.  The  old  fanciful  likeness  to 
spiders'  legs  can  be  but  barely  traced  in  the  leaves. 
There  is  a  sense  of  mysterious  awe  in  the  way 
Gerrard  says  the  leaves  are  good  "  for  the  bite  of  that 
great  spider,"  without  naming  the  creature  more 
particularly, 

John  Tradescant  lived  once  at  Dorney  Court,  not 
far  from  here.  There  is  some  tradition  that  there 
he  presented  his  Pine-apple  to  Charles  II.  [?],  and 
it  is  not  many  years  since  a  little  wayside  public- 
house  near,  retained  still  the  sign  of  a  Pine-apple. 
"Deborah's"  little  mount  in  the  Parterre  was  a 
while  ago  parcel-gilt  with  the  silver  of  small  white 
Harebells,  and  the  gold  of  yellow  Stonecrop.  It  is 
grieving  to  recall  thus,  the  garden  as  it  was.  Sweet 
things  do  still  remain,  but  after  all  the  daily  waterings 
^sometimes  whole  days  are  spent  in  watering — the 
place  as  a  whole  is  hard  parched  up  with  long 
drought.  Some  things  dwindle,  and  cannot  by  any 
means  Le  saved.     Eleven  weeks  without  rain  ! 

Long  weeks  when  the  sun  burns  unclouded,  and 
the  only  clouds  are  clouds  of  greenfly,  that  is  the 
worst  ;  greenfly  that  destroy  whole  rows  of  Sweet 
Peas  in  a  single  night,  and  blackfly  that  smother  the 
fruit  trees,  and  distort  the  stalks  of  lovely  Poppies. 
If  one  sits  in  the  garden  they  settle  a'l  over  one,  and 
outside  the  garden,  down  along  the  roads,  one  encoun- 
ters storms  of  flying  aphides.  Flycatchers  sit  stupidly 
on  the  Rose  arches,  bewildered  by  the  myriads  that 
float  in  the  air.  The  Lime  avenue  is  dried  up,  and 
yet  dripping  with  hone>dew.  Rain  will  come  at  last, 
however,  and  meanwhile  the  trees  will  ripen  their 
wood,  and  it  may  be  that  good  will  fall  rather  than 
harm,  even  to  the  queer  things  that  claim  our  pity 
now. 


THE     PEAR    CONGRESS. 

The  recent  thunder  showers  have  materially  im- 
proved the  prospects  of  the  Pear  Congress  in  the 
sense  that  more  perfect  samples  of  the  various  kinds 
of  Pears  sent  for  exhibition  and  comparison  will  cer- 
tainly now  be  found  than  promised  to  be  the  case  a 
few  days  since.  Interesting  as  may  be  collections  of 
the  fruit,  howsoever  grown,  certainly  good  samples 
are  both  more  pleasing  to  look  upon  and  much 
more  useful  for  purposes  of  comparison,  whilst  to  the 
grower  they  are  financially  all  the  more  valuable. 

Probably  not  a  few  persons  interested  in  Pear 
culture  have  asked  what  good  results  to  them  or  to 
Pears  and  their  culture  are  likely  to  result  from  the 
proposed  Conference  ?  That  is  a  difficult  query  to 
answer  if  put,  and  it  is  one  which  should  be  answered 
if  the  necessity  for  the  holding  of  the  Congress  is  to 
be  established. 

As  far  as  the  late  Apple  Congress  was  concerned 
the  report  issued  by  the  committee  which  conducied 
it  is  the  chief  answer,  so  far  as  one  can  be  afiurded. 
Whether  any  considerable  stimulus  to  Apple  culture 
has  resulted  therefrom,  or  whether  any  improvement 
has  been  effected  in  the  sorts  commonly  grown,  or 
in  the  general  nomenclature  of  our  cr-mmon  Apples, 
are  points  upon  which  it  would  be  difhcult  to  offer 
an  opinion  at  present.  Probably  several  years  must 
elapse  ere  results  will  show.  Certainly,  should  no 
good  results  follow,  whilst  presenting  much  to  be 
deplored,  yet  such  failure  cannot  be  laid  at  the  door 
of  the  committee  promoting  the  Congress.  It  did 
the  best  it  could  with  the  materials  at  its  disposal  ; 
it  t  ffered  a  singularly  favourable  opportunity  for  getting 
useful  instruction  concerning  Apples,  and  if  the  public 
fail  to  benefit  thereby  the  public  is  to  blame.  But 
Pears,  though  coming  so  near  to  Apples  in  our  lists 
of  hardy  tree  ruit?,  yet  stand  usually  in  a  very 
ditTerent  category,  for  the  simple  reason  that,  whilst 
the  latter  may  be  grown  abundantly  by  all,  and  in 
almost  any  way,  Pears  are  very  much  more  capricious, 
and  require  diverse  treatment.  It  is  true  that  we  may 
get  with  little  trouble  on  ordinary  trees  and  soils 
oftentimes  big  crops  of  such  common  kinds  as  Hessle, 
Swan's  Egg,  Beune  de  Capiaumont,  and  rather  belter 
Williamb'  Bon  Chretien,  but  these  are  evanescent 
kinds,  of  ditTerent  quality,  useful  enough  on  cotter- 
raongers'  barrows,  and  that  is  all.  Really  our  best 
Pears  must  be  grown  either  on  walls,  or  as  espaliers 
or  pyramids,  worked  on  the  Quince,  if  we  are  to  look 
for  good  fruit  such  as  is  worlh  cultivating.  We 
do  not  grow  Apples  on  walls,  and  in  the  open  we  do 
so  with  small  difficulty ;  indeed,  nothing  can  be 
easier  in  favourable  seasons  than  to  secure  a  good 
crop  of  very  fine  fruit  on  bush  and  pyramid  trees 
worked  on  dwarfing  stocks  ;  hence,  between  good 
Pear  and  Apple  culture  there  is  a  great  gulf,  which, 
if  it  be  possible  for  the  Congress  to  bridge  over,  it 
will  indeed  render  to  the  fruit  loving  and  growing 
world  great  service. 

Perhaps  there  may  be  hidden  away  in  nurseries 
gems  in  the  Pear  republic  which  have  been  unable 
to  shed  their  lights  for  the  benefit  of  humanity,  and 
which  if  brought  forth  into  the  full  glare  of  day 
may  prove  valuable  agents  in  the  direction  indi- 
cated. If  the  Congress  can  help  to  bring  these  forth, 
and  will  proclaim  their  merits  as  kinds  which,  under 
common  treatment  and  culture  will  be  for  us  as  Pears 
what  Blenheim,  Cox's  Orange,  and  Ribston  Pippins, 
are  amongst  Apples,  then  indeed  will  the  gathering 
merit  glorification.  Ordinarily  in  gardens  there  is 
small  want  of  good  Pears  because  of  the  methods  of 
culture  adopted — methods  that  are  not  common  be- 
cause out  of  the  reach  of  the  majority.  Such  fruits, 
however,  ao  not  add  much  to  the  national  wealth,  be- 
cause the  greater  portion  go  to  supply  private  needs 
and  tastes.  We  want  to  see  Pear  culture  made  a  pros- 
perous profitable  trade,  by  which  not  merely  the 
grower,  but  the  public  generally  may  benefit,  and  to 
create  such  a  trade  would  be  indeed  a  worthy  object 
to  keep  in  view.  Looking  over  the  large  list  of  names 
which  forms  the  Congress  Committee,  it  would  seem 
as  if  the  promoters  had  scarcely  realised  that  phase  cf 
the  subject  as  market  growers  of  Pears  are  specially 
noticeable  by  their  absence.  Indeed,  with  so  large  a 
number  of  private  gardeners  included,  it  would  seem 
as  if  the  chief  object  of  the  promoters  was  to  get  to- 
gether the  best  fruits  from  private  gardens  to  compare 
them  for  purposes  of  nomenclature,  and  other  unim- 
portant purposes,  and  there  leave  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  inclusion  of  some  half  dozen 
of  the  leading  market  growers  of  Pears  in  the  metro- 


politan district  would  indicate  that  the  promoters  had 
objects  truly  national  as  well  as  pomological  at  heart, 
and  that  all  that  could  be  done  to  popularise  Pear  cul- 
ture and  promote  the  cultivation  of  the  very  best  crop- 
ping and  edible  kinds  for  market  purposes  should  be 
done.  If  in  the  end  it  has  to  be  frankly  admitted  that 
the  production  of  first-class  sorts,  whether  new  or  old, 
be  practically  impossible  under  ordinary  culture,  and 
that  we  have  not  in  reserve  Beuric  Diels,  Marie  Louises, 
Chaumonlels,  GIou  Morceaus,  and  Duchesse  d'An- 
goulemes  of  hardier  constitution  and  far  more  pro- 
ductive, under  other  designations — then  it  will  be 
useless  to  look  for  benefit  to  Pear  culture  in  that 
direction. 

It  but  remains  to  consider  how  far  it  may  be  safe 
and  profitable  to  invest  capital  in  the  production  of 
high-class  Pears  under  the  most  approved  systems  of 
culture — such,  for  instance,  as  those  employed  in  the 
best  private  gardens.  Will  it  pay  to  erect  walls  over 
wide  areas,  and  against  these  plant  Pears  in  the  best 
aspects,  and  Plums,  Morello  Cherries,  and  some  other 
profitable  fruit  on  the  worst  ones  ?  It  is  obvious  that 
although  the  outlay  would  be  considerable  at  the  fir^t, 
the  after  expense  would  not  be  excessive;  hence,  if 
good  crops,  or  fairly  good  crops,  can  be  obtained 
from  year  to  year  the  speculation  may  prove  profitable 
in  the  end.  Were  it  so  we  may  expect  that  very 
many  such  Pear  gardens  would  be  planted,  and  that 
in  time  the  public  would  benefit  by  having  good 
Pears  offered  at  reasonable  cost.  Our  hardiest  and 
most  prolific  Pears  are  those  which  soonest  come  to 
maturity,  hence,  to  the  public,  the  Pear  season  is  a 
short  one.  Here  again  it  would  be  of  great 
public  service  could  the  Congress  call  forth  some 
few  Pears  which,  whilst  hardy  and  prolific, 
would  also  give  good  fruits  as  abundantly  at 
Christmas  as  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  and  some 
others  give  so  plentifully  in  the  autumn.  Whilst, 
however,  we  may  lay  great  stress  upon  the  useful 
work  which  may  be  hoped  for  in  the  direction  indi- 
cated, we  may  not  overlook  the  very  instructive 
results  looked  for  in  the  direction  uf  nomenclature 
correction — work  in  which  nurserymen  and  gardeners 
generally  may  well  take  part  with  good  effect.  To 
that  end  it  does  seem  as  if  it  were  not  enough  to 
send  to  the  Congress  good  samples  of  the  kinds 
grown  in  the  various  districts,  and  under  various 
names  in  collections.  Most  persons  doubtless  prefer 
that  their  contributions  should  be  grouped  as  sent 
and  not  be  widely  distributed  ;  the  doing  so  doubtless 
gratifies  the  natural  pride  of  the  exhibitor,  but  does  not 
add  to  the  value  of  the  Congrecs  so  largely  as  might 
be.  We  may  be  singular  in  the  assumption,  but  still 
hold  that  were  only  fifty  of  the  best  kinds  sent 
in  and  left  absolutely  at  the  di,-posal  of  the  com- 
mittee for  arrangement  in  pu3i;ion,  each  dish  labelled 
with  the  name  of  its  owner,  that  of  the  sort,  and  of 
the  place  of  growth,  very  much  good  would  result, 
and  the  labours  of  the  committee  enormously  lessened. 
Even  if  collections  from  gardeners  and  trade  growers 
were  sent,  some  half  dozen  fiults  of  certain  kinds 
might  perhaps  be  added  for  the  purpose  named.  We 
venture  even  to  suggest  that  the  committee  prepare  and 
publish  a  list  of  some  fifty,  or  even  a  hundred  kind  , 
and  invite  from  all  over  the  kingdom,  say  six  fruiis 
of  each,  with  som  econcise  information  as  to  how 
and  where  produced.  It  will  be  unwise  to  select 
samples  that  are  fully  ripe  if  other  fairly  good  onei 
may  be  had,  for  Pears  travel  badly,  and  soon 
collapse  when  soft.  It  will  be  well  that  those  who 
purpose  assisting  at  the  Congress  should  obtain  in 
time  a  good  supply  of  clean  dry  moss  for  packing, 
for  Pears  need  almost  as  much  care  as  Peaches  do 
when  packed  for  exhibition. 

In  the  outline  of  the  promoters'  proceedings  recently 
issued  it  is  suggested  that  samples  in  number  from  two 
to  six  of  divers  kinds  be  sent,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  lesser  number  will  not  be  accepted  literally, 
as  the  small  number  would  in  the  first  place  indicaie 
great  poverty  of  crop,  in  the  second  it  would  offer  but 
poor  range  of  form  or  feature  for  comparison,  and  in 
the  third  place  it  would  sadly  limit  the  value  of  the 
exhibit  were  but  one  of  the  fruits  to  come  to  grief. 
Six  fair-sized,  clean  grown,  and  characteristic  fruits 
would  certainly  present  more  useful  material  than 
would  two  fruits  abnormally  large,  and  perhaps 
because  so  somewhat  out  of  character  with  the  known 
features  of  the  kind.  The  division  of  the  kingdom 
into  counties,  as  done  at  the  Apple  Congress,  seemed 
to  involve  much  labour  without  corresponding  benefit. 
The  committee  can  hardly  desire  to  make  the  Congress 
a  means  of  gratifying  some  local   vanity  by  enabling 


Auni-sT  15    cSSj] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


203 


one  county  to  bhow  that  it  furnished  a  score  more 
dishes  than  another.  What  would  be  more  to  the 
point  would  he  I  he  grouping  of  counties,  as.  for 
instance,  putting  Kent,  Surrey,  Sussex,  and  Hants 
into  a  sou'h  east  group  ;  Cornwall,  Devon,  Somerset, 
Djrset,  and  Wills  into  a  south-west  group  ;  then 
making  a  midland  group,  a  north  midland,  and 
finally  a  northern  group,  with  Scotland,  Ireland,  and 
Wales  as  separate  districts.  Some  such  geographical 
arrangement  would  satisfy  all  requirements.  -V. 


CONIFER   GRAFTING. 

All  of  these  may  be  propagated  by  grafting,  if  not 
too  resinous,  and  succeed  as  well  as  Roses  or  fruits. 
It  is  nec-issary  to  have  stocks  of  several  years'  growih 
growing  in  pots,  well  established,  of  the  various 
species  suited  to  the  purpose.  For  Abies  or  Silver 
Firs  the  best  stock  is  A.  pectinata,  and  Pinus  sylves- 
tris  is  found  to  be  a  good  stock  for  those  species 
which  resemble  the  S:otch  Pine.  Pinus  austiiaca 
makes  also  an  excellent  stock.  P.  monticola  docs 
well  on  P.  Strobus  (Weymouth  Pine),  and  P.  Lemon- 
iana  on  P.  Pinaster.  Retinosporas  grow  well  on  the 
stock  of  Thuia  occidentalis,  easily  raised  from  seed. 
Cypress  on  Cupressus  pyramidalis,  Juniperus  on  Red 
Cedar  (Juniperus  virginiana),  line  varieiie;  of  Vew 
on  seedling  Taxus  baccata  or  T.  fastigiata,  Liboce- 
drus  on  seedling  Thuia  sinensis.  O.i  this  last  stock, 
which  is  readily  raised,  Biota  chamiKcyparis  and 
Thulopsis  take  very  well.  Several  species  of  Conifers 
which  as  seedling  plants  grown  sprawling  or  bjshy, 
are  made  to  grow  erect  by  being  grafted.  The 
operation  is  best  done  by  cleft-grafting  in  the  winter, 
using  wood  of  the  last  season's  growth. 

In  the  spring  what  is  termed  terminal  grafting  may 
be  practised  with  soft  growth.  In  cleft-grafting  the 
foliage  of  the  scion  is  not  shortened,  and  on  either 
side  of  the  cut-off  head  of  the  stock  a  bud  and 
foliage  must  be  left  entire  till  union  has  taken  place, 
when  they  may  be  removed.  Below  these  tufts  the 
needles  must  be  taken  otT  for  a  depth  of  several  inches, 
so  as  to  allow  of  the  scion  being  securely  tied  in. 
Cloche!,  handlights,  or  a  close  glass  case  in  a  pro- 
pagating-house  where  the  temperature  is  about 
60° — 70",  are  suitable  for  enclosing  the  grafced  stocks. 
M, 


ARCHITECTURE    AND    LAND- 
SCAPE GARDENING.— III. 

We  this  week  give  a  further  abstract  from  Mr. 
Julian's  lectures  on  the  above  subject,  and  as  a 
Supplement  publish  another  of  his  sheets  of  illus- 
trations. 

After  tracing  the  history  and  describing  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  architecture  of  the  Renaissance  from 
the  period  of  Its  commencement  in  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury down  to  that  of  its  decadence  in  the  eighteenth, 
the  lecturer,  speaking  of  gardenesque  architecture  in 
this  style,  said  :  — 

*'  Terrace  walls  in  connection  with  buildings  in  the 
pure  Renaissance  or  Italian  style,  should  as  a  rule  be 
balustrades,  using  the  word  in  its  proper  sense,  which 
excludes  pierced  parapets,  to  which  it  is  often  incor* 
rectly  applied. 

"  Sir  William  Chambers,  in  his  treatise  on  Civil 
Architecture,  has  a  chapter  on  balustrades,  from 
which  I  will  make  a  few  extracts.  I  do  not  wish 
you  to  feel  bound  to  accept  all  that  he  says  as 
*  gospel' ;  I  certainly  do  not  myself — but  for  students 
there  are  many  very  useful  hints.  He  says,  *  Bilus- 
trades  are  sometimes  of  real  use  in  building  and  at 
other  times  they  are  merely  ornamental.  Such  as  are 
intended  for  use,  as  when  they  are  employed  on 
steps  or  stairs,  or  to  enclose  terraces  or  other  elevated 
places  of  resort,  must  always  be  nearly  of  the  same 
height,  never  exceeding  3\  feet,  nor  ever  being  less 
than  3,  that  so  a  person  of  an  ordinary  size  may,  with 
ease,  lean  over  them  without  being  in  danger  of 
falling.' 

On  this  extract  I  will  observe,  that  Sir  William's 
maximum  height,  3^  feet,  is,  in  my  opinion, 
certainly  3  inches  too  high  ;  3  feet  3  inches  Is  always 
enough,  and  you  must  not  forget  that  if  the  balustrade 
is  made  too  large  in  its  parts,  it  will  dwarf  the  build- 
ing to  which  it  is  attached.  On  the  other  hand,  you 
may  often  add  to  the  apparent  size  and  increase  the 
importance  of  a  building  by  keeping  a  balustrade  low 
and  small  in  detail  ;  this  point,  the  relative  jcale  of 
subordinate  features  to  that  of  the  architecture  with 
which  they  are  associated,  is  of  the  utmost  import- 
ance, and  is,  of  course,  the  first  to  be  settled  in  pre- 


paring to  design  them.  To  proceed  with  my  quota- 
tions. 'The  best  proportion  for  balustrades  of  this 
kind  is  to  divide  the  whole  given  height  into  thirteen 
equal  parts,  and  to  make  the  height  of  the  balus'tr 
eight  of  iho  eparts,  theheightof  the  base  three,  and  that 
of  the  cornice  or  rail  two  ;  or,  if  it  should  be  required 
to  make  the  l)aluster  less,  the  height  miy  be  divided 
into  fourteen  parts,  giving  eight  to  the  baluster,  four 
to  the  base,  and  two  to  the  rail.'  Speaking  of  ihi 
double-bellisd  baluster  Sir  William  says :—' The 
base  and  rail  of  these  may  be  of  the  same  profile  as 
the  single-bellied  ones,  but  they  must  not  be  qu  t; 
so  large  ;  two-ninths  of  the  baluster  will  be  a  proper 
height  for  the  rail,  and  three  for  the  base.'  As  10, 
the  proportiqps  of  the  individual  balusters  the  single- 
bellied  are  generally  about  three  diameters  high,  and 
the  double  bellied  about  five,  the  diameter  biing 
that  of  the  thickest  part.  The  distance  between 
two  balusters  should  not  exceed  half  the  diameter 
of  the  baluster,  nor  be  less  than  one-third  of  it.  The 
pedestals  that  support  the  rail  should  be  at  a  reason- 
able distance  from  each  other.  The  best  arrangemerit 
is  when  room  is  left  in  each  interval  for  eight  or  nine 
whole  balusters,  besides  the  two  half  ones  engaged  in 
the  flanks  of  the  pedestals.  It  frequently  happens, 
however,  that  it  is  desirable  to  place  the  piers  so  far 
apart  .as  to  allow  of  sixieen  or  eighteen  balusters  lie- 
tween  them.  In  this  case,  each  range  may  be  divided 
into  two,  or,  which  is  better,  three  intervals,  by 
placing  a  die  or  two  dies  in  the  range,  each  flanked 
with  two  half  balusters.  The  breadth  of  these  dies 
may  be  from  two  thirds  to  three-quarters  of  the 
breadih  of  the  principal  pedeslals  or  piers.  The  rail 
should  be  continued  over,  and  the  base  under  these 
dies  without  breaks. 

**  The  piers  or  pedestals  may  carry  statues  or  vases  ; 
I  prefer  vases,  as  if  the  statues  are  made — as  they 
usually  are — to  face  outwards,  those  who  are  walking 
on  the  terrace,  or  looking  from  the  windows,  get  a 
view  of  their  backs  only,  which  is,  to  say  the  least, 
uninteresting.  This  ot-jection  is  only  to  a  row  of 
statues  ;  one  on  each  end  pier  of  a  long  balustrade 
does  not  seem  to  offend." 

Attention  was  then  crlled  to  the  pierced  parapets 
found  in  connection  with  Elizabethan  buildings  and 
other  forms  of  "  free  '"  Renaissance,  illustrations 
being  given  of  several  examples,  and  on  this  part  of 
the  subject  the  lecturer  said  that  "any  foim  of 
piercing,  beautiful  in  itself,  may  be  used,  provided 
that  it  be  not  of  distinctly  Gothic  or  of  Oiier.tal 
character.  The  piers  in  these  parapets  are  often 
terminated  with  balls,  or  with  small  ornamental 
obelisks." 

Mr.  Julian  continued  : — "  I  called  your  attention  to 
the  arrangement  of  the  parapets  at  the  Chateau  de 
Blois — in  the  description  of  the  Frar9 lis- Premier 
style — small  carved  balusters  alternating  with  orna- 
mental initial  letters,  or  with  the  crest  of  the  owner  ; 
this,  I  think,  produces  a  rich  and  artistic  effect,  and 
possesses  an  individuality  that  gives  it  an  additional 
interest.  1  have  often  wondered  that  this  form  of 
parapet  has  not  been  adopted  for  enclosing  a  fore- 
court to  a  mansion,  or  in  some  similar  position  ;  it 
would,  I  think,  be  an  agreeable  change  from  the  usual 
forms,  which  have  become  somewhat  hackneyed." 

Passing  to  another  part  of  his  subject,  the  lecturer 
said  ;  — "Gate  piers,  or  piers  at  the  entrances  of  fore- 
courts in  their  simplest  form,  should  have  a  plinth  at 
the  base,  and  a  small  cornice  at  top.  As  these  piers 
have  to  carry  no  weight,  strongly  marked  vertical 
lines,  such  as  flutes,  should  be  avoided  ;  while  strongly 
marked  horizontal  lines— which  may  be  obtained  by 
slightly  projecting  the  alternate  courses  and  rusticating 
them,  add  to  their  apparent  breadth  and  solidity.  It 
is  well  to  crown  these  piers  with  some  sort  of  ter- 
minal, either  a  ball  or  other  ornamental  form  ;  such 
an  addition  gives  finish  and  completeness  to  the 
design,  and  its  omission  (although  very  common) 
always  produces  an  effect  of  meagreness.  In  modern 
French  examples  small  ornamental  pediments  are 
often  used  at  the  top,  and  with  excellent  effect  [see 
the  illustrations  in  our  Supplement  of  two  examples 
from  Paris] ;  many  variations  can,  of  course,  be  made 
in  the  treatment  of  these  features,  and  greater  rich- 
ness obtained  by  the  introduction  of  panels  contain- 
ing carving,  shields  of  arms,  and  so  on  ;  it  is  impos- 
sible to  enumerate  them  all,  but  in  designing  them 
you  should  bear  in  mind  what  I  have  said  about  the 
use  of  horiz'inlal  bands,  to  which  I  would  add  that 
any  nrnamemal  cap  should  not  have  too  great  a  pro- 
jection, or,  when  viewed  from  any  position  other  than 
from  in  front  of  one  of  its  faces,  the  pier  will  appear 
top-heavy."    [See  Supplementary  Sheet.] 


ALPINE    PLANTS. 

Cyananthus  lobatus. — A  beautiful  and  inter- 
esting plant,  but  1  ne,  more  than  perhaps  any 
other,  that  has  puzzled  our  best  cultivators  to 
coax  into  even  a  shortlived  existence.  Straggling 
bits,  with  perhaps  a  stray  flower  or  two,  are 
indeed  to  be  met  with  in  rare  alpine  collec- 
tions throughout  ihe  country,  but  a  good-sized  tuft, 
covered  with  its  handsome  Petl*inkle-bke  flowers,  is 
a  pleasing  rarity  that  unfortunately  one  does  not 
meet  in  with  every  day.  Edge  Hall,  if  I  remember 
rightly,  is  one  of  the  few  homes  of  ibis  plant,  lor 
there,  growing  amongst  rough  stones,  but  in  appa- 
rently the  best  of  soil,  this  Indian  plant  may  be  seen 
in  its  element,  roaming  at  wil',  and  blooming  so 
profusely  as  to  quite  surprise  the  ordinary  cultivator. 
With  me  it  grows  and  flowers  as  freely  as  could  be 
desired,  and  with  but  the  care  that  is  bestowed  on  one 
of  the  commonest  garden  occupants. 

The  Crested  Gentian  (G,  septemfida), 
although  hardly  equal  as  regards  beauty  of  bloom  to 
some  of  the  other  species,  has  yet  a  distinct  and  pecu- 
liar value  of  Its  own.  A  native  of  the  Caucasus,  this 
is  at  once  a  desirable  species  for  the  rock  garden, 
with  clusters  of  cobalt-blue  flowers  produced  on  stems 
of  from  half  a  foot  to  a  foot  in  >ieight.  It  is  of  the 
easiest  culture,  growing  well  in  sandy  loom  and  a 
somewhat  ihaded  situation,  where  it  blooms  with  [a 
profusion  that  is  surpassed  by  few  others  of  the  tribe 
10  which  It  belongs.  Other  species  now  in  Uoom 
are  G.  gelida,  G.  cruciata,  and  G.  Ollverii,  the  latter 
a  rare,  lovely,  and  consequently  very  desirable 
plant.  Amongst  miniature  Bell-flowers  Campanula 
garganica,  with  its  heart-shaped,  deeply  toothed 
lol  lage,  and  pretty  light  blue  erect  flowers,  is  at  present 
very  effective.  For  hanging  baskets  or  pot  culture 
this  pretty  Campanula  is  admirably  adapted,  the 
trailing  branches  of  flowers,  10  —  12  inches  in  length, 
being  borne  in  rich  profusion,  and  heightened  in  effect 
by  being  placed  near  the  level  of  the  eye. 

The  Violet  Harebell  (C.  pulla) 
is  a  delicate  and  lovely  plant,  and  one  that  requires 
a  more  than  ordinary  amount  of  care  in  cultivation. 
Having  a  tendency  to  spread  underground  and  send 
up  shoots  at  a  considerable  distance  from  where  the 
plant  originally  grew,  it  should  be  allotted  a  patch  of 
groun  1  to  itself  where  the  rather  tender  shoots  can 
roam  at  will  without  being  molested  by  neighbouring 
plants.  Sandy  rather  damp  peat  suits  this  Tyrolese 
Harebell,  and  it  is  equally  at  home  in  a  pot,  pan,  or 
the  open  border. 

Euraianthus  dalmaticus 
is  a  charming  rock  plant,  with  a  neat  and  curious 
habit,  which  renders  it  a  decoraiivo  subject  of  much 
merit.  The  grassy,  Thrift-like  foliage  is  arranged  in 
tufts,  and  the  pale  purple  tjell-shaped  flowers  in  ter- 
minal clusters  at  the  end  of  stout  pinky  stems.  Full 
exposure  to  the  sun  and  a  free  sandy  loam  suits  this 
plant  best,  and  all  the  belter  if  the  roots  can  wander 
by  the  side  of  a  perpendicular  stone  or  edging^at 
least  under  these  conditions  we  have  known  it  to  do 
best.  It  dislikes  coddling,  and  is  by  no  means  so 
well  suited- for  indoor  as  outside  culture. 

The  Vaccinium-leaved  Knotweed  (Poly- 
gonum VACCINIFOLIUM) 
is  a  pretty  shrubby  creeper  from  the  Himalaya,  and 
one  that,  although  perfectly  hardy,  is  seldom  seen 
in  this  country.  The  flowers  are  individually  small, 
but  arranged  in  neat  tapering  spikes  of  2  or  3  inches 
in  length,  and  of  a  delicate  rose  colour.  la  habit  the 
pl.ant  is  remarkably  neat,  and  is  seen  to  best  advan- 
tage when  hanging  over  large  stones  or  elevated 
portions  of  the  rockwork.  As  to  soil,  it  is  by  no 
means  particular,  although  it  seems  to  do  best  in 
that  of  a  light  sandy  nature  and  in  a  southern 
exposure.  As  an  autumn  flowering  plant  of  great 
beauty  we  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  this 
beautiful  member  of  the  Dock  family. 

Erigeron  Caucasicus 
is  a  pleasing  subject  when  in  flower,  and  being  of 
neat  compact  habit  is  well  suited  for  the  more  promi- 
ment  portions  of  the  rock  garden.  The  flowers  are 
rosy-purple,  but  vary  considerably  In  colour  at  their 
difterent  stages  of  development,  and  are  borne  in 
loose  masses  on  erect  stems  of  over  a  foot  in  height. 
A  rather  dry  soil  and  shady  situation  does  well  with 


204 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


this  plant,  and  where  it  finds  these  requirements  is 
certainly  a  distinct  and  ornamental  representative  of 
the  Fieabane  family. 

DRYAS   OCTOPETAIA 

is,  amongst  our  native  plants,  at  present  one  of  the 
most  effective.  In  moist  peaty  soil  it  is  of  the 
easiest  culture,  and  being  of  neat  habii,  and  abun- 
dantly floriferous,  should  be  largely  grown  in  every 
collection  of  rock  plants.  The  large,  creamy-white 
flowers,  surmounted  on  stems  that  seldom  exceed  a 
couple  of  inches  in  height,  are  just  now  very  efTective, 
and  offer  a'rich  contrast  to  the  usual  run  of  alpine 
plants. 

AcHILLiEAS. 

Amongst  the  Yarrow  family  there  are  several  well 
worthy  of  cultivation,  indeed  we  might,  and  feel  in- 
clined to  add  that  deserve  prominent  positions,  either 
on  the  rockwork  or  in  the  herbaceous  border.  Of 
these  none  is  at  present  more  effective  than  the 
Egyptian  species  (Achillcea  asyptiaca),  which  with  its 
finely  cut  Fern-like  foliage  and  handsome  heads  of 
rich  clear  yellow  flowers,  possesses  a  distinct  grace 
that  is  quite  its  own.  Other  worthy  members  of  the 
same  familyare  the'white  alpine  Yarrow  (A.  Clavennae), 
with  its  silky,  silvery  foliage  ;  the  downy  Yarrow  (A. 
tomentosa) ;  and  the  rose  coloured  form  of  out  native 
A.  millefolium. 

MONTDRETIA    POTTSI. 

A  plant  somewhat  similar  in  growth  and  hahit  to 
the  well  known  Tritonia  aurea,  is  now  covered  with 
its  beautiful  branching  spikes  of  bright  orange-scarlet 
flowers.  Being  rather  expensive  to  purchase,  and  in 
many  places  somewhat  difficult  to  establish,  this  plant 
is  but  little  known  ;  but  now  that  its  requirements 
as  regards  soil  and  situation  have  been  found  out, 
and  jits  value  as  a  decorative  plant  thoroughly  estab- 
lished, we  may  expect  to  find  it  ere  long  included  in 
most  collections.  It  likes  a  warm,  sheltered  border, 
and  where  slight  protection  to  its  young  growths  is 
afforded.  Division  of  the  bulbs  is  also  to  be  recom- 
mended, as  the  plant  is  so  prolific  of  offsets  that, 
unless  frequently  divided,  these  are  inevitably  starved 
— ill-grown  plants  with  but  few  blooms  being  the 
result.   Emergo. 


ORCHIDS    IN    FLOWER    AT 
ST.   ALBAN'S. 

Some  very  interesting  things  are  now  in  bloom  with 
Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  whose  immense  establish- 
ment becomes  more  interesting  every  month  as  the 
last  new  house  approaches  completion.  The  large 
structure  just  finished,  and  which  is  to  be  devoted  to 
Lielia  elegans  and  L.  purpurata,  contains  a  novel 
feature,  consisting  of  a  bold  ornamental  rockery,  with 
a  miniature  waterfall  at  each  end,  and  these  are  to  be 
planted  with  Lxlias,  to  grow  as  they  are  frequently 
found  in  their  native  habitats.  The  experiment  is 
worth  trying,  as  the  effect  of  the  plants  growing  and 
flowering  on  such  cleverly  constructed  pieces  of  rock- 
work  would  be  charming. 

Throughout  the  seemingly  endless  quantities  of 
healthy,  well-grown  plants,  many  novelties  are  in 
bloom,  and  in  the  ends  of  the  principal  houses  some 
very  effective  displays  are  made,  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  effective  being  two  large  groups  com- 
posed entirely  of  the  scarlet  Disa  grandiflora  and  a 
fine  lot  of  the  superb  strain  of  Odontoglossum  Alex- 
andrae,  for  which  Mr.  Sander's  establishment  is  noted. 
The  Disas  have  grown  with  the  Odontoglossums  and 
kept  perfectly  healthy  and  clean,  and  are  now 
furnished  with  a  great  display  of  flowers  of  the  finest 
quality  which,  mingling  with  the  snowy  blooms  of 
O.  Alexandr^e,  form  a  combination  in  scarlet  and 
white  which,  shown  off  by  the  other  tints  which  the 
flowers  possess  and  the  backing  of  green  foliage, 
leaves  nothing  to  be  desired  as  a  floral  arrangement. 
It  is  a  pity  that  such  an  arrangement  is  beyond  the 
reach  of  great  numbers  of  those  who  could  fully 
appreciate  it,  but  on  the  other  hand  there  are  many 
small  amateurs  who  grow  both  the  plants  of  which 
it  is  composed  to  perfection  and  consider  them 
neither  difficult  nor  expensive.  The  group  next  in 
interest  and  which  has  perhaps  never  before  pre- 
sented itself  to  the  Orchid  grower  at  one  view  before, 
is  composed  of  almost  the  whole  of  the  species  of 
Anguloa  in  flower,  comprising  the  lemon-yellow  A. 
Clowesi,  many  plants  each  with  several  large  blooms  ; 
A.    Ruckeri,  yellow,   spotted   with   red  ;  A.   R.   san- 


guinea,  with  flowers  tinted  with  bright  brownish-red  ; 
A.  eburnea,  with  pure  ivory-white  flowers,  of  the  size 
and  shape  of  A.  Clowesi  ;  A.  Turneri,  with  large 
wax-like  flowers,  white,  spotted  with  dark  rose  ;  A. 
uniflora,  with  white  flowers  like,  but  narrower,  and 
much  less  showy  than  those  of  A.  eburnea  ;  and  A. 
virginalis,  with  flowers  like  A.  uniflora  but  spotted  in 
the  centre  with  red.  The  whole  group  is  very 
effective  with  the  large  upright  Tulip  like  flowers, 
all  of  which  emit  such  a  penetrating  and  grateful 
aromatic  odour.  Anguloas  are  coming  to  the  front, 
and  well  they  deserve  notice,  for  they  are  handsome 
and  free  growing  if  treated  like  Lyciste  Skinneri,  and 


Also  in  bloom  in  the  Cattleya-house  are  C.  superba 
splendens,  C.  elegans,  C.  guttata,  and  the  varieties 
of  C.  Eldorado.  In  the  long  intermediate-house  a 
good  batch  of  the  ivory-white  Mormodes  luxatum 
eburoeum  is  in  bloom,  and  also  a  new  rose-spotted 
variety  of  it  ;  Cycnoches  chlorochilon  {the  Swan 
Orchid),  Birkeriacyclotelia.Galeandra  dives, Calanthe 
pleiochroma,  C.  Textorei,  C.  Djminiana,  Oncidium 
Limminghei,  and  a  new  yellow  Trichopilia,  and  a  white 
Epidendrum.  In  the  Odontoglossum-house,  on  the  roof 
of  which  Lapageria  alba  is  blooming,  a  good  sprinkling 
of  flower  yet  remains,  the  varieties  bearing  it  being 
chiefly  of  the  large  massive  white-flowered  kinds — the 


Fig.  42.— odontoglossum  ruckerianum.     (see  p.   199.) 


grown  in  a  house  a  few  degrees  warmer  than  that  in 
which  the  Odontoglossums  are  kept. 

Cattleya  Gaskelliana  supplies  the  whole  of  a  bank 
in  the  Cattleya-house  with  bloom,  and  the  great  size, 
beauty,  and  variety  of  tint  in  the  different  specimens 
admit  of  it  making  a  charming  and  varied  display 
without  aid  from  other  species.  Some  of  the  plants 
have  rosy  sepals  and  petals,  and  crimson  and  orange 
lips,  and  others  are  almost  pure  white,  the  interme- 
diate forms  being  abundantly  supplied,  indeed  C. 
Gaskelliana  seems  to  exhibit  as  great  variability  as 
C.  Mossiae,  and  from  its  free  growth  and  certainty  to 
flower  it  will  probably  run  equal  with  C.  Mossi:e  and 
its  varieties  in  public  favour.  All  growers  alike  seem 
to  grow  this  plant  well,  and  all  now  agree  in  praising 
it  as  a  beautiful  and  fragrant  plant,  and  all  the  more 
useful  that  it  has  such  a  protracted  time  of  flowering. 


spotted  ones,  which  are  showing  up  profusely,  being 
not  now  much  in  bloom.  The  many  thousands  of 
plants  are  in  the  most  perfect  health,  and  never  yet 
since  their  importation  has  any  insect  except  a  few 
common  aphis  appeared  among  them. 

In  the  warm  house  Phaki^nopsis  Schrcederii,  P. 
Sanderiana,  many  plants  of  the  new  Angrsecum 
Leonis,  the  new  white  Aerides  Wilsoni,  the  equally 
handsome  new  A.  Ballantinei,  A.  Lawrencije,  A. 
Sanderianum,  A.  Rohaneanum,  and  several  other  new 
Aerides  and  Saccolabiums  are  in  bloom  or  bud,  one 
species  of  the  last-named  genus  being  particularly  dis- 
rinct,  with  dense  spikes  of  white  flowers  with  carmine 
lips,  the  blooms  resembling  in  shape  S.  coeleste  more 
than  they  do  S.  guttatura,  after  which  the  habit  of 
the  plant  takes. 

The  long  covered  way  which  connects  and  shelters 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


205 


the  ends  of  all  the  houses  is  now  filled  with  thousands 
of  Mexican  Orchids,  which  thrive  grandly  in  their 
airy  and  cool  quarters.  This  lean-to  structure  is 
350  feet  in  length,  and  in  it  are  fine  batches  of  LasHa 
majalis  (some  in  bloom),  L.  autumnalis  and  its  varie- 
ties, L.  albida,  Odontoglossum  Cervantesi,  O.  Rossi, 
O.  citrosmum,  O.  Insleayi  leopardinum,  &:c.  The 
sprays  of  O.  citrosmum  look  very  handsome  hanging 
overhead,  and  the  flowers  on  the  O.  Insleayi  leopar- 
dinum  are  of  the  best  quality,  perfect  in  shape  and 


CHERRIES    IN    POTS !      A 
CHERRY-HOUSE. 

"  Come  and  see  my  Cherry-house."  Such  has  been 
the  oft-repeated  invitation  of  Mr.  Rivers  for  the  past 
two  or  three  years.  Like  many  others,  I  had  often 
feasted  my  eyes  on  the  beautiful  dishes  of  Cherries  ex- 
hibited at  South  Kensington,  Regent's  Park,  and 
elsewhere  by  Mr.  Rivers  :  it  had  even  been  my  good 
fortune  to  have  the  privilege  of  tasting  these  tempting 


«* 


Fig.  43.— odontoglossum  wilckeanum.     (see  p.  199  ) 


Fig.    44. — ODONTOGLOSSUM    TRIUMPHANS.      (sEE    P.    I99.) 


oidinaiy  gardens  except  Morellos.  Peaches,  Pearf, 
Grapes,  Apples,  &c.,  are  grown  in  quaniiiies  and 
receive  special  culture,  but  not  so  Cherries  ;  and 
yet  so  easy  are  they  to  grow  and  so  well  worthy 
of  all  the  care  that  can  be  given  to  them. 
Why  not  a  Cherry-house  as  well  as  a  Peach-house? 
There  would  be  more  enjoyment  with  the  one  than 
the  other.  It  is  not  always  that  one  cares  to  eat  a 
Peach,  but  a  Cherry  ripe  is  always  pleasant.  Such  a 
house  as  that  of  Rivers'  may  be  constructed  for  com- 
paratively nothing.  It  is  but  a  structure — a  low 
span-roofed  covering  of  glass,  some  60  feet  in  length, 
and  about  14  feet  wide,  with  abundant  ventilation  on 
both  sides — an  important  matter  for  Cherries  when  in 
flower.  It  is  unhealed,  no  expense  in  that  way  being 
required.  There  is  not  even  the  usual  trim  pathway, 
or  anything  of  that  sort,  the  pots,  &c.,  standing  on 
the  maiden  earth,  the  freshness  of  which,  as  Mr. 
Rivers  observes,  is  so  much  better  for  the  well-being 
of  the  trees  than  neat  appearance. 

Simple  and  unpretending  as  the  house  itself  may  be, 
the  appearance  of  the  little  trees  themselves,  laden  with 
their  dense  clusters  of  fruit,  is  truly  charming.  Seldom 
have  I  seen  trees  more  heavily  cropped,  the  quan- 
tity of  fruit  seeming  to  exceed  the  leaves,  and  yet  all 
in  the  most  robust  health  and  vigour  ;  no  insects,  or 
appearance  of  any,  to  be  seen.  ^  For  the  most  part 
the  trees  are  growing  in  10  or  i2-inch  pots,  and  vary 
from  3  to  5  or  6  feet  in  height,  every  one  being 
heavily  laden  with  fruit,  ripening  in  succession.  The 
first  fruit,  Mr.  Rivers  stated,  was  gathered  on  June  i 
off  the  Early  Rivers,  a  large  and  very  excellent  variety 
of  the  Black  Circassian  class  raised  by  Mr.  Rivers  ; 
and  here,  at  the  end  of  July  (two  months),  the  same 
variety  was  still  being  gathered.  This  is  another 
charming  and  important  feature  of  Cherry  culture 
under  glass— the  great  length  of  season  the  fruits  will 
keep  fit  for  use.  I  tasted  some  ten  or  twelve  varie- 
ties, which  were  all  excellent,  but  to  my  mind  none 
possessed  that  rich  sweetness  of  flesh  to  such  a  degree 
as  the  Early  Rivers.  It  is  a  variety  that  should  be 
cultivated  everywhere. 

In  regard  to  culture  Cherries  require  nothing  special, 
they  delight  in  good  loamy,  somewhat  calcareous 
soil ;  the  chief  care  is  in  providing  plenty  of  air  for 
the  setting  of  the  fiowers  in  spring,  and  keeping  clear 
of  insects.  I  hope  to  see  Cherry-houses  in  every 
good  garden,  and  am  quite  sure  nothing  would  give 
greater  satisfaction.  A.  f.  B, 


extraordinarily  fine  in  colour.  The  whole  establish- 
ment is  of  great  interest,  and  it  is  rather  a  relief  to 
visit  it  when  none  of  the  large  sections  are  in  full 
bloom,  as  the  rare  things  are  the  more  readily  found 
and  examined. 


TRADE    MEMORANDUM. 

A  GOOD  many  nurserymen,  it  appears,  are  anxious 
to  know  the  present  address  of  Messrs.  Hancock 
&  Gankroger,  late  of  Newcastle. 


fruits,  and  of  comparing  their  merits.  All  that  was  very 
well  and  good— but,  as  Mr.  Rivers  said,  "  You  should 
see  them  growing."  Thus  tempted,  I  went  the 
other  day  and  had  a  feast  of  Cherries  1  Literally  a 
feast  1  One  can  form  but  a  very  faint  idea  of  the 
wonderful  beauty  of  a  house  of  Cherries  in  pots  with- 
out seeing  it.  Amongst  fruits.  Cherries  are  probably 
the  most  tempting  of  all,  their  bright  glossy  appear- 
ance renders  them  peculiarly  so,  and  yet  how  little 
attention  is  paid  to  their  cultivation.  Beyond  having 
an  old  tree  or  two  on  the  walls,  the  fruit  of  which  is 
mainly  grown  for  the  birds,  there  are  no  Cherries  in 


MARKET    GARDENING. 

{(Continued  from  p.    170.) 

However  much  prtctices  may  have  varied,  as  ex- 
plained in  the  past,  as  between  market  garden  farmers 
and  that  of  gardeners  in  private  places,  a  greater 
divergence  still  has  to  be  explained  in  connection 
with  the  Vegetable  Marrow,  and  indeed,  as  I  shall 
show  in  due  time,  the  Cucumber  also.  Gardeners,  as 
is  well  known,  invariably  prepare  heaps  of  manure, 
or  some  form  of  garden  waste  representing  heaps 
of  manure,  upon  which  mounds  or  layers  of  soil 
are  placed,  whereon  young  Vegetable  Marrow 
plants  are  placed,  and  generally  afforded  some 
form  of  artificial  protection,  such  as  handlights, 
frames,  &c.  Such  protections  have  their  advan- 
tage in  connection  with  tenderly  reared  plants, 
and  in  forcing  on  the  plants  so  that  they  produce 
fruits  a  week  or  so  earlier  than  would  otherwise 
be  the  case.  As  against  this  system,  field  culture  is 
of  the  very  simplest  description.  The  land  receivis 
a  thorough  manuring  to  the  extent  generally  of  an  out- 
lay of  £\o  or  ^12  per  acre.  This  manuring  must 
not,  however,  be  considered  an  excessively  high 
quantity,  as  will  be  better  understood  when  I  explain 
that  ordinary  manures  for  Potato  crops  all  but  invari- 
ably g've  a  relative  cost  also  of  £?>  to  £,10  per  acre. 
But  I  have  thus  far  described  the  more  favourable 
practice  followed  in  connection,  as  not  infrequently 
manure  is  placed  down  the  middle  of  "lands,"  upon 
either  side  of  the  centres  of  which  crops  are  still  grow- 
ing. It  is  ploughed  in,  and  at  the  proper  season  the 
seeds  are  sown.  Mark  here  the  difference  between  field 
and  garden  culture  ;  in  the  latter  nursed  and  potted 
plants  are  planted  out,  and  subsequently  pro- 
tected, whilst  in  the  former  case  the  seeds  are  simply 
dibbled  into  the  ground  in  the  exposed  open  fields, 
and,  as  regards  the  season  or  date  when  the  seeds  are 
sown,  it  also  appears  exceptional.  They  are  dibbled 
three  seeds  in  a  circle,  a  few  inches  apart,  and  about 
3  or  4  feet  apart  in  the  rows,  during  the  early  days  in 


206 


THE     GARDENnk'S'    CHRONtCLE. 


[August  15, 


the  month  of  May  of  each  year.  Si  soon  as  the 
seeds  have  germinattii,  and  the  plants  are  well  through 
the  ground,  ihey  are  caicfully  hotd  between,  and  sub- 
sequently the  land  on  either  side  is  ploughed  up 
simply  to  give  a  clean  surfaca,  over  which  the  plants 
extend  and  grow.  It  miy  be  useful  to  add,  the  space 
accorded  to  the  plants  consists  of  an  ordinary  "land," 
as  ploughed  per  row  as  desciibed.  Excepting  a 
hand-hoeing,  should  it  be  subsequently  required,  this 
is  all  the  labour  given  to  them.  The  results  are,  the 
plants  rapidly  extend  and  cover  the  whole  space,  and 
lor  early  cropping  and  prolificacy  they  greatly  excel 
every  form  of  garden  grown  on  the  mound  of  manure 
or  any  other  system.  The  Marrows  form  readily  ; 
flowers  being  numerous  and  the  fertilising  process 
certain,  the  fruits  are  rapid  in  development,  and,  if  left 
to  grow,  large  in  size. 

Here,  again,  we  are  brought  face  to  face  with  the 
fact  that  the  excessive  use  of  manure  and  loose  soils 
are  opposed  to  free,  full,  and  abundant  fruitfulness. 
But  beyond  this,  whilst  gteat  prolificacy  is  assured, 
so  also  is  longevity  linked  with  susiained  vigour.  If 
private  garden  growers  would  only  take  these  fac's 
into  consideration,  and  as  far  as  possible  act  upon 
them,  we  should  have  less  complaint  of  Vegetable 
Marrow  plants  "dying  off,"  the  female  blooms  dying 
away  fruitless,  and  that  the  plants  are  infested  with 
"fly"  beyond  recovery.  Under  the  above  very 
common  system  of  field  culture  these  disheartening 
drawbacks  are  simply  unknown. 

Whilst  I  have  given  general  dates  as  to  the  eaily 
planting  or  dibbling  in  of  the  seeds,  it  will  be  well 
to  qualify  these  statements  with  the  explanation  that 
eich  grower  must  judge  of  the  fitness  of  the  weather 
eich  year,  and  sow  his  seeds  accordingly.  Should  a  cold 
late  spring  with  much  tain  and  its  consequent  very  wet 
soil  rf  suit,  it  will  be  neces-ary  to  defer  sowing  the  seeds, 
as  under  such  circumstances  they  are  likely  to  rot  in  the 
ground  in  lieu  of  the  healthy  "spearing,"  and  subse- 
quent growth  desirable.  And  I  would  add  this  remark  in 
iiicir  behalf — if  from  the  exigences  of  space  any  desire 
to  utilise  and  clothe  existing  rubbish  heaps,  &c.,  and 
it  is  desirable  so  to  grow  Vegetable  .Marrows,  always 
take  the  precaution  to  tread  down  such  materials  and 
to  make  them  with  as  firm  a  base  as  possible,  so  that 
the  roots  can  ramify  and  extend,  forming  as  firm  a 
roothold  as  possible,  which  is  the  best  means  to 
attain  a  desirable  fruitfulness  with  lasting  health. 

As  regards  the  artificial  heat  often  sought  by  small 
growers,  the  facts  I  have  given  above  amply  dissipate 
the  notion  that  any  actual  need  for  it  exists.  Fin- 
a'ly  the  thoughtlul  grower  must  ere  now  have  been 
met  with  the  query,  In  what  habitat  can  Vegetable 
Marrows  have  formed  loose  mounds,  such  as  is  often 
formed  for  them  artificially  whereon  to  grow?  The 
answer  should,  as  I  believe  it  will,  lead  to  an  improve- 
ment in  the  methods  adopted  ;  even  Melons  delight  in 
firm  soil,  and  it  is  a  mistake  to  imagine  that  plants  do 
not  appreciate  firm  roothold.     William  Eaihy. 

(7-,.  /'.•  citiiti,na;!.) 


pretty  sight  it  was,  the  ground  being  completely 
carpeted  by  its  glaucous  foliage.  An  example  on  the 
rockwoik,  and  also  a  nice  stock  of  healthy  plants  in 
pots,  may  be  seen  in  the  York  Nurseries,  where  it  has 
been  grown  for  many  jears.   /?.  P. 


The     pROPAQATOR. 


OXOSM.\  T.^UKICA. 
Is  calling  attention  to  this  truly  lovely  Boragin- 
aceous  plant,  I  think  your  correpondent  (see  p.  150) 
has  decidedly  overlooked  the  best  means  of  propa- 
gating it.  "T  S."  observes  :  —  "  The  way  to  pro- 
pagate it  is  by  division,  which  should  be  effected  in 
spring,  just  as  the  plants  begin  to  grow."  I  wonder 
who  would  care  to  disturb  a  fine  plant  of  this  gem  at 
this  season  ?  for  just  as  it  begins  to  gr..w  it  also 
begins  to  show  flower-spikes,  and  then  what  a  sacri- 
fice must  follow.  It  certainly  may  be  increased 
in  this  way  ;  still  it  is  a  risky  business  to  part  its 
woody  rootstock,  and  to  witness  the  death-rate, 
too,  is  by  no  means  a  pleasant  thing.  I  have  had 
a  fair  experience  with  it,  and  to  lift  it  would 
be  the  very  last  step  I  would  take.  If  success 
must  be  obtained  it  will  be  by  cuttings.  During  June 
and  July  these  are  abundant.  Strip  them  with  a 
heel  attached  from  the  mam  body  of  the  plant,  and 
insert  them  without  further  preparation  in  very  sandy 
soil  in  well  drained  pots.  Keep  quite  close  under 
handlights  till  rooted.  This  takes  about  three  weeks  : 
then  expose  by  degree;.  I  have  rooted  hundreds  in 
this  way,  and  one  thing  I  always  strictly  adhere  to, 
and  that  is,  never  to  use  a  knife  in  making  the  cuttings. 
"J.  S."  also  mentions  seed,  but  where  may  seed  be 
bought?  I  have  tried  over  and  over  again  to  seed 
plants,  but  in  vain,  and  I  remember  once  some  years 
since  asking  Mr.  Thompson,  of  Ipswich,  respecting 
some,  and  his  reply  was  that  if  I  wailed  for  seeds  he 
was  afraid  I  should  wait  a  long  while.  Has  your 
correspondent  succeeded  in  seeding  this  plant  ?— if 
so,  will  he  confer  a  favour  on  many  readers  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronick  by  stating  his  moJm  operandi. 
E.  Jenkins. 


and  oblong  leaves.  The  dense  racemes  of  flowers 
proceed  from  the  top  of  the  bulb.  Each  flower  is  star- 
like, with  narrow  spreading,  creamy-yellow  segments, 
and  a  short  trowel  shaped  acute  lip,  barred  with  violet 
rays.  It  has  been  figured  in  the  Gardeners'  CIvo 
nic'e. 

Cypripedium  Leeanum  svperbum  X. 
A  pretty  coloured  illustration  of  this  hybrid  is  given 
in  the  last  number  of  the  Orclndo/'hile.  It  was  raised 
by  Mr.  Seden  from  Cypripedium  insigne  var.  Maulei, 
fertilised  with  pollen  of  Cypripedium  Si.icerianum, 
itself  a  hybrid.  The  flower  is  intermediate  between 
its  parents.  The  upper  sepals  broad,  white,  marked 
with  violet  spots,  the  lateral  petals  linear,  oblong, 
undulate,  of  a  yellow  ground  colour,  overlain,  except 
at  the  margin,  with  brown  and  spotted  with  purple. 
The  lip  is  rich  bronzy-brown. 


1^  |ci;baiicous   |oi;dfr, 
— » — 

ONOSMA  TAURICA. 
In  recommending  this  very  desirable  plant  to  the 
notice  of  your  readers  "J.  S."  advises  that  it  should 
be  propagated  by  division,  or  by  seeds  I  have  had  a 
very  familiar  acquaintance  with  this  Borage-wort  for 
many  years  past,  and  a  tolerably  extensive  knowledge 
of  seed  catalogues,  wholesale  and  retail,  and  I  have 
never  yet  seen  the  seed  ofliered  by  any  vendor,  neither 
have  my  plants  ever  yielded  any.  I  am  therefore 
induced  to  ask  "J.  S."  if  he  was  ever  fortunate 
enough  to  obtain  any  ;  if  so,  it  deserves  to  be  put  on 
record  as  a  remarkable  fact.    Soixante-deux . 

Epilobium  latifolium. 
"  Oxon,"  in  his  notes  on  the  botany  of  Iceland,  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronick  of  August  8,  speaks  of 
having  seen  this  when  travelling  there,  and  it  being 
by  "  far  the  most  beautiful  flower  he  found  there."  I 
do  not  wonder  at  his  remarks,  for  when  grown  in  this 
country  it  is  a  most  interesting  plant  ;  the  flowers  are 
so  large,  being  more  than  L^inch  in  diameter,  and 
the  foliage  is  also  distinct  from  all  other  species  of 
Willow-herbs.  It  is,  however,  by  no  means  a  difiicult 
plant  to  cultivate.  I  remember  once  seeing  mora 
than  a  yard  square  of  it  growing  in  an  orchard,  and  a 


TRlCHOPILI.'\  LEPIDA. 
In  this  beautiful  Orchid  the  leaves  are  solitary, 
evergreen,  oblong-acute,  the  flower-stalks  emerging 
from  the  base  of  the  oblong,  smooth  pseudobulb. 
Each  flower  measures  about  5  inches  in  length,  and 
has  linear  lanceolate  sepals  and  petals,  rosy-lilac,  with 
white  edge  ;  the  lip  is  large,  folded  round  the  column, 
and  expanding  in  front  into  an  oblong,  crenelated 
limb,  with  a  purplish  throat,  and  numerous  smaller 
and  paler  spots.  The  plant  blooms  in  spring.  The 
species  may  be  grown  in  pots  or  baskets  hung  from 
the  rotf,  but  where  they  can  be  shaded  from  the 
burning  sun.  Rough  fibrous  peat,  with  a  few  lumps 
of  charcoal,  is  the  best  potting  material.  Orchid 
Allnim,  t.  197. 

MaXILLARIA  STAFELIOIDES. 

This  pretty  little  Orchid  has  been  flowering  in  the 
Birmingham  ISotanic  Gardens  for  the  last  month.  It 
reminds  one  very  much  of  a  Stapelia.  Although  an 
old  inhabitant  of  our  Orchid-houses  it  is  now  seldom 
seen.  A  native  ol  Brazil,  and  flowered  in  the  Glasgow 
Botanic  Gardens  in  1S30,  from  which  a  figure  was 
taken  for  the  Botanical  Magazine,  plate  3S77.  IV.  B. 
Latham. 

Oncidii'M  pr.etextum  Leanum,  Rchb.  f. 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  I  state,  that  Mr.  W.  Lee 
was  so  kind  to  send  me  once  more  a  fresh  inflores- 
cence of  ihis  gorgeous  variety,  proving  the  stability  of 
the  tri-labellia,  or,  if  you  like  better,  Peloria,  though 
you  might  at  least  not  call  it  regular.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 
Dendrobium  Hillii. 

A  fine  evergreen  species  with  fluted  pseudobulbs 


MiLTONIA   CANDIDA   GRANDIFLORA. 

The  flowers  of  this  plant,  which  has  the  habit  of  an 
Odontoglot,  are  borne  in  erect  racemes.  Each  is 
3  inches  across,  with  five  oblong,  spreading  segments 
of  a  yellow  ground  colour,  heavily  blotched  with 
brown.  Lip  projecting,  folded  over  the  column  at 
the  base,  dilated  in  front  into  an  oblong,  lobulate 
white  limb.  This  plant  should  be  grown  in  the 
Cattleya  house,  shaded  from  the  direct  sun,  and  well 
drained.    Orchid  Album,  t.  200. 

CuRiois  Plant  of  IIadenaria  bifolia. 
Last  week  I  had  sent  me  from  the  island  of 
Anglesey  a  curious  plant  of  the  Butterfly  llabenaria, 
widely  different  from  anything  I  had  seen  before. 
The  whole  plant  was  much  less  in  size  than  ILibcnaria 
bifolia  generally,  the  spur  and  two  lower  sepals  being 
much  shortened,  and  the  labellum  upturned.  The 
tuber,  leaves,  and  stem  agreed  in  every  part  with 
those  ol  H.  bifolia,  only  they  were  proportionately 
less.  On  examining  the  poUioia  I  found  them  placed 
relatively  much  closer  than  in  the  normal  form,  and 
the  viscid  discs  being  black  gave  to  the  in'erior  of  the 
flowers  a  rather  strikirg  appearance,  and  veiy  different 
to  those  of  H.  bifolia.  That  the  up-turned  laberum 
prevented,  to  a  great  extent,  insects  entering  the 
flowers  was  apparent  from  the  seed'ess  capsu'es. 
A.  D.  Webster. 

CATfLEYA  Hardy  AN  A. 
During  the  month  of  May  the  Cattleya  Sanderianae 
flowers  of  which  measured  11  inches  across,  was 
bloomed  by  G.  Hardy,  Esq.,  Timperley.  In  the 
momh  of  lune  and  July  a  number  of  other  forms  ol 
the  same  species,  much  darker  in  colour,  though  less 
in  size,  were  open,  and  admired  by  many,  for  then 
there  were  blooms  open  by  the  dozen  lor  comparison, 
but  though  the  dimensions  of  the  May  blooms  were 
startling,  and  the  number  and  colour  of  the  June  ones 
equally  bewildering,  there  is  one  in  flower  at  the 
present  time  that  outstrips  all  it  has  been  my  pleasure 
to  see.  I  am  warranted  in  that  statement,  for  many 
of  the  best  growers  and  authorities  have  seen  ii,  and 
each  declares  it  to  be  the  finest  Cattleya  bloom  that 
has  ever  come  under  their  notice.  It  is  not  gigas, 
nor  is  it  Sanderiana  ;  but  if  the  best  points  of  these 
were  worked  together,  with  a  dash  of  aurea  thown 
in,  some  near  approach  to  C.  Hardyana  may  perhaps 
be  the  result.  The  plant  was  imported  about  five 
years  ago,  and  was  purchased  for  Mr.  Hardy  by 
another  grower  when  buying  a  lot  for  himself,  who 
naturally  enough  took  them  all  to  be  C.  Sanderiana. 
However,  in  a  couple  of  years  the  plant  in  question 
opened  its  first  blooms,  when  it  was  plain  to  the 
owner  that  a  fresh  form  had  appeared  ;  it  has  flowered 
once  again,  and  now  for  the  third  time  it  is  in  bloom, 
bearing  four  flowers  on  a  spike,  which  have  come 
away  immediately  on  the  development  of  the  nevf 
growths.  The  blooms  are  8  inches  across,  the 
sepals  and  petals  of  a  deep  mauve  colour,  the 
petals  having  their  outer  edges  somewhat  re- 
fl-xed,  as  is  the  case  with  Ltelia  purpurata. 
It  is,  however,  is  the  lip  that  the  distinc- 
tion occurs— this  is  3  inches  across,  and  about  the 
same  in  depth,  the  lower  part  being  of  a  most  intense 
rosy-purple.  About  half  way  up  this  abruptly  ceases, 
though  the  centre  is  still  of  the  same  colour,  beauti- 
fully lined  with  yellow.  The  sides  again  of  this 
purple  and  yellow  lining  are  taken  up  with  a  grand 
piece  of  golden-yellow,  which  again  is  margined  with 
the  shades  of  rosy-purple  ;  the  upper  part  of  the 
labellum  is  of  the  same  purple,  whilst  on  the  inside  ol 
the  throat  the  golden  and  purple  stripes  are  carried 
right  through  to  the  column.     It  is  strongly  scented, 


Aif.usT  15.  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


lorj 


and  would  appear  to  require  treatment  exactly 
similar  to  that  given  to  C.  Sanderiana,  This  plant 
his  twenty-four  bulbs,  with  three  leading  growths, 
though  it  is  not  a5  yet  a  large  plant.  I  venture  to 
siy  thit  if  it  was  put  up  by  auction  at  King  Street  or 
L'heapside  it  would  fetch  a  higher  price  than  as  yet 
his  ever  been  given  for  an  imported  or  established 
O.chid  in  England.    IV,  Sivan,  Oakley,  FalhioJieiJ, 


not  later  than  the  end  of  November,  in  order  that  the 
necessary  preparation  of  the  ground  may  take  place. 
Ground  to  produce  handsome  clean  roots  requires  the 
highest  cultivation  and  the  timely  application  of 
dressings  to  cleanse  it  from  insects,  &c.,  which  so 
much  disfigure  them  ;  Lettuce,  Endive,  Turnips,  and 
early  Cole  wort?,  will  be  suitable  crops.  S.  If. 
Richards^  SomerJey  Gardens^  Ringwood^  Hants. 


F  R  .\  M  E  S. 

In  many  gardens  it  will  be  desirable  to  keep  the 
frame  Cucumbers  in  a  healthy  bearing  state  as  late 
into  the  autumn  months  as  possible.  To  accomplish 
this  a  little  careful  management  will  now  be  neces- 
s.iry,  in  respect  to  watering,  airing,  and  closing  the 
frames  early  in  the  afternoon  to  make  the  most  of  sun- 
heat.  A  good  lining  should  now  be  made  up  round 
the  frame.  Henceforth  the  plants  should  not  be 
damped  during  dull  weather  ;  but  when  water  is 
required  it  should  be  applied  when  bright  sunny 
weather  oifers  a  favourable  opportunity.  The  first 
signs  of  mildew  should  be  checked  by  the  timely 
applicilion  of  sulphur  sprinkled  over  the  affected 
parts. 

Plants  for  Wintkr. 

If  seeds  or  cuttings  were  put  in  when  reconnmenried 
in  a  former  Calendar,  to  supply  the  plants  for  the 
first  division  of  the  winter  Cucumber- house,  they 
should  now  be  large  enough  to  place  in  their  winter 
quarters.  Before  bringing  in  the  fresh  soil  the  house 
should  receive  a  thorough  cleaning  by  well  washing 
the  glass  and  woodwork,  and  by  applying  a  couple  of 
cnats  of  fresh  lime-wash,  which  should  have  a  little 
sulphur  mixed  with  it,  to  the  brickwork. 

A  somewhat  lighter  and  more  porous  soil  than  is 
generally  used  for  summer  plants  will  be  found  most 
suitable  for  the  winter  ones — say  not  quite  three- 
f  iuiths  of  good  fibrous  loam,  which  has  been  in  slock 
some  time,  the  remaining  part  good  leaf-soil  or  well- 
decayed  manure,  free  from  worms,  &c. ;  to  this  should 
be  added  a  little  broken  charcoal  and  a  little  road- 
scrapings  or  rough  brown  sand. 

TOMATOS    FOR    WlNTtvR. 

Small-fruited  varieties  are  best  for  winter  and  early 
spring  fruiting,  such  as  Kicket's  Victoria  and  Orange- 
field.  These  plants  should  be  in  their  fruiting  pots, 
or  planted  out  to  grow  on  a  trellis,  by  the  end  of 
August  or  beginning  of  September ;  they  should  then 
yield  fruit  in  succession  to  the  outdoor  plants.  Winter 
Tumatos  should  always  be  placed  in  a  house  where 
there  is  a  good  command  of  fire-heat,  otherwise  they 
are  scarcely  worth  the  trouble  of  growing  with  a  view 
of  producing  ripe  fruit  in  mid-winter  ;  but  i^  the 
plants  remain  in  a  healthy  state  until  the  following 
spring,  they  would  then  ripen  fruit  much  earlier  than 
spring-raised  plants. 

Mushroom  Beds. 
As  soon  as  a  supply  of  droppings  and  short  litter 
can  be  had  it  should  be  collected,  and  preparations 
made  for  the  first  bed  of  the  season. 

Second  Early  Pota'cos 
The  skin  on  the  tubeis  is  now  firm,  and  the  haulm 
indicates  that  the  lifting  time  has  arrived.  This 
should  take  place  before  rain  ^saturates  the  soil. 
The  eyes  on  the  tubers  are  very  prominent,  and 
moisture  after  this  long  season  of  drought  will  be  sure 
to  start  them  into  growth  and  bring  on  disease.  For 
the  above  reason  they  should  not  be  put  in  large  heaps 
when  stored,  but  spread  out  somewhat  thinly,  and 
well  covered  over  to  prevent  the  tubers  becoming 
green.  Select  those  tubers  of  an  even  medium  size 
for  seed  purposes  ;  they  are  best  placed  on  shelves 
with  a  circulation  of  air  beneath,  and  the  tubers 
should  lay  thinly. 

Planting  Out,  &c. 
In  finally  planting  out  the  remaining  winter  stuff, 
the  plots  whereon  three  important  crops  are  to  be 
grown  next  year  should  be  decided  upon — viz  , 
Carrots,  Onions,  and  early  Potatos.  It  is  not 
absolutely  necessary  that  these  plots  should  lay  vacant 
all  through  the  autumn  and  winter;  but  a  crop 
should  be  placed  on  them,  which  can  be  cleared  off 


jjlantg  and  ll^dii  miltuEf 


GREEXHOUSE    HARD-WOODED    PLANTS. 

Indian  Azaleas. — The  latest  even  of  these  to 
make  iheir  growth  should,  ere  this,  have  com- 
pleted the  same  ;  and  if  not  already  shifted  from 
their  growing  quarters  into  the  open  air,  the 
sooner  it  is  done  the  better  for  the  future  clean- 
liness of  the  plants  as  well  as  being  a  great  aid 
in  the  perfect  maturation  of  the  young  wood  and 
the  development  of  the  flower-buds  for  another 
season.  A  gradml  course  of  exposure  to  the  full 
power  of  the  sunV  rays  should  be  adopted  ;  this  needs 
to  be  more  closely  followed  out  if  any  part  of  ihc 
stock  has  been  ot  late  under  the  shade  of  Vines 
or  Peach  trees  :  should  the  young  foliage  become 
burnt  a  check  will  be  given  to  the  perfecting  of 
the  flower-bud  as  well  as  being  a  disfigurement 
to  the  plant.  A  close  watch  must  be  kept  against 
any  inroad  of  a  colony  of  black  thrips,  which 
will  quickly  do  irreparable  injury,  increasing  so 
rapidly  as  they  do  at  this  season  of  the  year. 
Fumigation  is  the  most  effectual  remedy,  but  where 
this  is  not  desirable,  a  thorough  good  syringing  wiih 
a  solution  of  soft-soip  and  tobacco- water,  rather 
stronger  than  one  would  be  disposed  to  use  it  on 
Peach-trees,  will  be  found  to  answer  the  purpose. 
Use  should  also  be  made  of  the  syringe  to  give  the 
plants  a  good  damping  as  the  sun  declines  on 
bright  and  warm  days.  If  any  of  the  stock  requires 
attention  in  the  way  of  potting,  this  month  is  about 
the  best  in  our  experience  to  perform  the  same.  The 
growth  for  the  present  season  being  made,  no  over- 
luxuriance  can  follow  that  operation,  as  would  be  the 
case  if  the  potting  were  done  immediately  the  plants 
were  out  of  bloom,  they  being  kept  in  a  moist  growing 
atmosphere  for  a  few  weeks.  However  advisable  inihe 
ciseof  many  types  of  plants,  it  is  not  to  be  recommended 
in  the  culture  of  the  Indian  Azileas.  Fibrous  peat  of 
the  best  quality  obtainable  should  be  the  staple  com- 
post ;  if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  cultivator,  this  should 
not  be  quite  up  to  the  mark,  some  charcoal  about  the 
size  of  common  nuts  (larger  or  smaller  accord- 
ing to  ihe  size  of  the  plants)  should  be  added.  This, 
with  a  liberal  addition  of  silver-sand,  will  be  found 
to  suit  their  requirements.  The  potting  of  these,  as 
well  as  of  all  hard-wooded  plants,  is  not  an  operation 
to  be  hurried  over  in  the  least  ;  a  little  extra  time 
spent  on  the  work  will  amply  repay  itself.  Firm 
ramming  of  the  soil  around  the  old  ball  should  always 
be  practised  ;  and  large  shifts  arc  not  desirable  in  any 
case.  An  inch  ot  space  all  around  the  ball  of  the 
plant  is  ample  at  any  time,  even  less  can  well  be 
made  to  suffice.  Azaleas  will  thiive  best  when  some- 
what pot-bound,  and  are  not  nearly  so  liable  to  injury 
from  excess  of  water  at  the  roots  at  such  times,  besides 
being  decidedly  more  floriferous.  After  the  potting 
process  is  completed  be  careful  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  plants  to  see  that  none  are  left  out  of  the  level. 
This  is  an  omission  that  is  frequently  made,  and 
thought  to  be  o(  little  importance.  It  is  desirable  at 
all  times,  but  with  newly  potted  plants  it  should  be 
made  imperative,  an  equal  absorption  by  the  soil  of 
all  the  water  that  is  applied  being  of  the  first  iraport- 
nace,  particularly  with  these. 

Rhododendrons. 

The  greenhouse  section  of  Rhododendrons,  includ- 
ing those  which  thrive  best  in  an  intermediate-house, 
should  at  all  limes  be  kept  in  the  smallest  pots 
possible,  consistent  with  their  health,  in  order  to 
induce  them  to  develope  flower-buds.  It  is  not 
desirable  to  expose  these  in  the  open  air,  particularly 
the  more  tender  varieties,  but  a  light  airy  greenhouse 
would  suit  all  of  them  well  for  the  present.  James 
Unison^  Gunner slniry  House  Gardens^  IV. 


I^F^UiTS     ^NDE  ^    'G|lA33. 


SIRAWBERRIES  IN  POTS. 
Owing  to  Ihe  prevailing  dryness,  Strawberry  run- 
ners will  at  most  places  be  somewhat  scarce,  and 
probably  not  quite  so  good  as  usual,  excepting  where 
the  method  of  setting  apart  a  portion  of  young 
vigorous  plants  for  the  purpose  is  adopted.  In  this 
case,  this  year,  it  will  prove  very  advanlogeous,  as  the 
yield  of  good  runners  will  more  than  compensate  for 
the  fruit  that  was  sacrificed  for  this  particular  purpose. 
Runners  layered  at  about  the  customary  period  will 
now  {August  6)  in  most  c.ises  be  fit  to  remove  from 
the  parent  plants  altogether,  and  placed  in  a  con- 
venient place  near  where  the  potting  will  be  done. 
This  operation  should  be  proceeded  with  forthwith, 
first  attending  to  early  kinds,  as  these  plants  shou'd 
develope  and  mature  a  growth  early  in  the  season. 
They  should  rot  be  ovf  r-potted,  4^  and  5-inch  pots  are 
amply  large  for  the  purpose,  jvecp  ihe  crowns  ut 
these  plants  well  up  above  the  surface  soil  in  the  pot. 
This  will  in  some  degree  counteract  the  effects  of 
damp  when  they  are  started,  and  subsequently  alsu 
newly  potted  plants  will  be  benefited  if  left  in  a 
modera'ely  shady  place  out-o'-doors  for  a  few  days 
until  the  roots  have  taken  hold  of  the  new  soil,  when 
they  should  at  once  be  taken  io  ihe  place  appointed  for 
them.  This  should  be  where  every  ray  of  sunshme  can 
reach  them,  and,  for  convenience  sake,  as  near  the 
water  supply  as  possible.  As  a  base  to  stand  the 
pots  on  nothing  surpassing  a  good  hard  bed  of  ashes. 
The  after-culture,  as  watering,  especially,  should  be 
entrusted  only  to  careful  hands,  for  if  this  operation 
is  unskilfully  done  it  will  soon  cause  many  plants  to 
become  sickly  and  fade  away.  As  the  plants  advance 
in  growth  and  the  pots  fill  with  roots  some  stimulating 
manure  should  be  mixed  with  the  water,  and  be  given 
to  the  plants  about  twice  a  week  in  dry  sunny  weather  ; 
and  particularly  whenever  dew  is  absent  the  plants 
should  be  syringed  with  water  through  a  fine  rose 
once  or  twice  a  day,  at  morning  or  evening,  as  may 
be  necessary.  When  runners  appear  pinch  these  out 
at  first  sight,  and  keep  the  plants  free  from  weeds, 
and  above  all  other  matters  see  that  adequate  space 
is  given  the  plants  to  develope  growth  properly. 
The  current  season  is  unusually  favourable  to  the 
increase  of  insect  pests,  and  at  most  places  the 
plants  will  be  more  or  less  infested  wiih  the  red- 
spider,  and  if  this  pest  cannot  be  cxlerminat(d  its 
effects  can  be  materially  checked  by  means  of  dipping 
the  foliage  of  the  plants  into  a  solution  made  with 
strong  tobacco  and  a  little  soft-soap  added.  This 
should  be  done  prior  to  putting  the  plants  into  the 
ruiti  ng  pots.    G.  T.  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey. 


|m   laildiT  |iiuit  |ardiin. 


APPLES. 

The  young  growths  of  these  should  when  not  re- 
quired all  have  been  cut-back  by  thi^  time,  and  the 
small  shoots  removed,  so  as  to  allow  the  sun  and  air 
to  ripen  the  branches  left  ;  without  this  it  is  impos- 
sible to  obtain  thoroughly  fruitful  wood.  The  gather- 
ing and  storing  of  early  kinds  will  now  demand 
attention.  Early  varieties  should  never  be  gathered 
before  they  are  thoroughly  ripe,  for  if  gathered  a 
day  or  two  too  soon  they  are  sure  to  shrivel,  and 
become  worthless  ;  and  again,  if  left  on  the  trees 
till  over-ripe,  many  varieties  turn  mealy  instead  of 
being  crisp  and  juicy  ;  therefore,  where  good  fruit, 
fit  for  dessert,  is  wanted,  it  should  have  great  care 
and  attention  in  gathering.  Where  Apples  are  appre- 
ciated for  dessert  it  is  important  to  know  the  best 
varieties  that  ripen  early.  The  following  varieties 
are  grown  here,  mostly  on  the  Paradise  stock, 
which  to  me  appears  to  favour  early  ripening  : — 
Our  first  variety  to  ripen  was  Juneating,  closely 
tollowed  by  Margaret  or  Striped  Juneating,  which  as 
grown  here  is  much  larger  than  Juneating,  and  is  a 
very  free  bearer.  Early  Harvest  is  an  excellent 
variety,  and  should  be  included  in  every  collection. 
Mr.  (iladitone,  now  ripe  and  producing  fine  hand- 
some fiuit.  Irish  Peach,  the  first  to  flower 
(April  25).  will  not  be  ripe  for  a  few  days.  Oslin, 
in  flower  April  27,  now  ripe.  These  are  the  best  early 
kinds  grown  here. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines. 
Remove  portions  of  the  leaves  where  they  shade 
the  fruit,  and  keep  the  trees  nailed  closely  to  the 
walls  :  insure  having  the  wood  thoroughly  ripened. 
Trap  earwigs  on  walls  ;  a  simple  plan  is  to  place  small 
flower-pots,  filled  with  hay  or  short  grass,  among  the 
trees  ;  examine  them  occasionally,  and  destroy  the  in- 
sects. Give  water  to  wall  trees  when  required,  and 
protect  all  fruit  that  is  ripening  from  birds.  J'  Smilk^ 
Menimore^  Bucks. 


2o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  15.   18 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

t  Sale  ol  Dulch  Bulbs,  at  Prothcroc&  Morris' 

Monday,        Aug  17  j      Ro„m,. 

„  1  Wesion-super-Mare    and    East     Somerset 

TUEJDAV,        AuB^  .8  \      Honiculiural  ^ocletv's  Show. 

r  Shropshire  Horticultural  Society  s  Show,  at 

I      Shrewsbury  (two  days)         ,      .  ., 

I  Sale  of  Bulbs  from   Holland,  at  Stevens 

ile^°of    Greenhouse    Plants,    at     Lynton 
House.  Clapham  Common,  by  Prolheroe 

t  Sails- 


will  please  observe  that  they  are  not  foreign  to 
Nature. 

It  seems,  then,  that  the  lover  of  flowers  may 
find  himself  at  home  with  Nature  even  in  a 
flower  garden  of  the  most  ornate   description 


the  keenest  yet  most  innocent  kind.  On  this  occasion 
we  were  pleasetl  to  see  the  intense  purpose  mani- 
fested by  some  of  the  schoolboys  whom  Mr. 
Henshaw  has  inoculated  with  the  love  of 
plants.  The  specimens  were  well  arranged  and 
correctly    named.       They   furnished    mute    but    irre- 


[  Mo 


e  of  Dutch  Bulbi 
[  Sale  of  Imported  an 


t  Protherc  &  Moi 


Saturday,      Aug. 


'K- 


d  Established  Orchids, 
^.  Protheroe  &  Morris"  Rooms. 
lie  of  Bulbs  from   Holland,   at    Stevens 
Rooms. 


Perhaps   there   are   a  few  statues  and  vases  01       (j^g^^le  evidence  of  a  calcareous  soil,  or  of  growih 

bronze   or  marble  among  his  bright   parterres,  •       •  '^- 

with  a  fountain  bringing  by  artifice  a  liberal 

flow    of    water    into    the    midst    of    what    is 

certainly  a  very  artificial  acre  of  ground.     Let 

us   hope   so,   since   Art   is  not  unnatural,  but, 

on  the  contrary,  it  serves  as  an  agency  which 

unites  and  harmonises  Nature  with  the  mind  of 

man.     "  The  excuse  of  artificial  gardens,"  said 


THOSE  who  take  a  narrow  view  of  what  is 
called  Nature  have  been  known  to  object 
to  what  they  regard  as  the  artificiality  of  lawns 
and  flower  borders.  The  owner  of  a  terraced 
garden  around  his  dwelling,  and  of  a  beautiful 
park  beyond  it,  remarked  lately,  "  I  make  my- 
self at  home  here  with  Nature."  "  Do  you  ?  " 
said  a  critic.  "  It  seems  to  me  you  have  given 
the  dear  old  Dame  the  cold  shoulder.  You  have 
at  all  events  turned  her  out  of  your  garden  and 
thrust  her  beyond  the  park."  In  a  certain  sense, 
and  taking  a  limited  view  of  Nature,  this  is  true. 
But  here  let  us  ask  "What  is  Nature?"  Seen 
from  the  windows  and  sparkling  amidst  the  old 
Oaks  upon  its  emerald  green  shores,  is  a  bright 
sheet  of  water.      "That  is   Nature!"  says  the 


the  late  Lord  Lytton,  a  lover  of  gar- 
dens and  a  good  gardener  at  Knebworth, 
"  is,  that  the  statue,  the  fountain,  the  har- 
monies of  form  and  colour  into  which  even 
flower-beds  are  arranged,  do  bring  Nature  into 
more  familiar  connection  with  all  which  has 
served  to  cultivate,  sweeten,  elevate  the  mind 
of  man."  Both  Nature  and  Art  speak  in  flower 
gardens,  reminding  cultivated  minds  of  the  sym- 
metries of  form  and  beauty  expressed  in  geome- 
tric figures,  of  the  harmonies  of  hue  and  tint, 
and  of  the  secrets  of  light  and  colour  revealed 


along  the  river's  bank  and  similar  moist  places.  On 
another  occasion  it  would  be  interesting  to  see  other 
collections  from  sandy  or  clay  soils,  collections 
illustrative  of  the  floras  of  woods,  downs,  heaths,  &c  , 
and  others  showing  the  root-development,  the  adapta- 
tions to  particular  soils,  insects,  &c.  Among  the 
Orchids  were  two  or  three  of  exceptionally  interesting 
character,  such  as  the  varieties  of  Mormodes  luxatum, 
so  curiously  twisted,  and  adapted  not  only  by  the 
twist,  but  by  the  blotches  of  colour,  to  secure  that 
the  pollen  masses  shall  be  removed  by  some  insect 
and  conveyed  to  another  flower.  We  wonder  what  is 
the  insect  which  does  the  work  in  the  native  couBtry 
—a  rather  thick-headed  one,  with  a  long  antennae  or 
proboscis,  perhaps,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  effect 
produced  by  a  pencil  point.  Chysis  iKvis  and  the 
beautiful  Caltleya  Hardyana,  elsewhere  noticed,  were 
also  noteworthy.  A  beautiful  Aristolochia,  exhibited 
by  Mr.  Bull,  under  the  name  of  elegans— a  new 
species  we  hope  soon  to  describe  and  figure— should 
remove  the  prejudice  of  those  who  think  that  these 
singular  than  beautiful.     These 


by  modern  research.     An  artistic  garden  under      flowers  are  more       „  u-    .     v,      „  „n  ibU 

such  scrutiny  as  is  here  suggested  is  relieved  of      only  a  few  of  the  more  str.k.ng  f  J"'^^^"*"  °°,  ^^ 

occasion,  for  a  detailed  account  of  which  we   reier 


SUCH  scrutiny  as  is  nere  suggi 
its  alleged  monotony  through  the  images  and 
reflections  it  occasions,  and  by  its  obvious  con- 
nection, to  the  philosophic  eye,  with  the  aesthetic 
history  of  man's  relationship  with  Nature.     As 


critic,  very  truly,  as  we  think,  though  the  lake       SHAKESPEARE  most  truly  said  of  the  art  which 


is  artificial,  formed  as  it  was  by  a  happy  stroke 
of  genius  on  the  part  of  a  landscape  gardener 
who  dammed  the  valley  down  which  a  stream 
ran,  and  thus  created  a  lake  of  7°  acres,  and 
performed  the  feat  within  a  fortnight.  The 
critic  claims,  too,  as  belonging  to  the  realm  of 
Nature,  the  noble  Cedars  of  Lebanon  in  the 
park,  the  huge  Pinasters  and  Stone  Pines,  as 
well  as  the  Scotch  Firs,  with  the  grand  Silver 
Firs  near  the  water,  and  some  Tulip  trees  blos- 
soming where  they  were  planted  probably  on  the 
first  introduction  of  that  tree  ;  and  he  claims 
of  course  the  sweet  Chestnuts  as  well  as  the 
Oaks,  the  Deodars  as  well  as  the  Yews,  exotics 
as  well  as  natives.  In  point  of  fact  the  true 
"  domain  of  Nature  "  has  no  existence  in  this 
landscape,  unless  he  will  concede  that  foreign 
trees  are  natural  to  it,  though  they  were 
domiciled  here  by  art  and  by  the  scientific 
efforts  of  man. 

It  seems  to  us  that  the  term  Nature  is  some- 
times misused  by  those  who  criticise  the  ornate 
state  of  gardening.  Good  taste  and  common 
sense  have  long  since  decided  that  the  imme- 
diate surrounding  of  a  house  must  be  in  some 
degree  artificial,  in  order  that  they  may  be 
harmonious,  but  it  does  not  follow  that  they 
are  for  that  reason  unnatural.  The  love  of 
flowers  is  displayed  even  in  great  cities,  and 
however  artificial  the  various  methods  of  pro- 
ducing them  may  be,  they  areas  much  Nature's 
own  foreign  in  extraction  though  they  be,  as  a 
mountain  Daisy. 

In  the  country  we  all  endeavour  to  surround 
ourselves  with  a  cultivated  plot,  however  small, 
called  THE  Garden.  It  may  boast  a  few 
fruit  trees,  most  of  them  probably  natives  of  a 
foreign  country.  More  than  half  the  vegetables 
are   foreign,  and  nearly  all    the    flowers  ;    but 


'mends  Nature,"  "the  art  itself  is  Nature." 


Jacob  Bobart.— The  gardener  whose  portrait 

we  now  give  was  the  predecessor  of  the  AiTONS,  the 
Smiths,  the  MacNabs,  the  Baxters,  and  others  who 
have  rendered  our  Botanic  Gardens  famous.  The 
Oxford  Garden,  of  which  we  lately  gave  some  illustra- 
tions, is  the  oldest  Botanic  Garden  in  this  country,  and 
Jacob  Bobart  was  the  6rst  gardener.  It  is  evident 
from  a  mere  glance  at  his  countenance  that  he  was 
a  man  of  strong  character,  and  could  hold  his  own 
among  the  dons  of  the  University.  His  name  occurs 
frequently  in  the  jeux  (tesprit  and  "skits"  of  the 
time.     Of  him  the  late  Dr.  Daubeny  writes  :— 

"  During  the  period  that  the  professorship  was  held 
by  MoRisON.  Jacob  Bobart  the  elder,  a  native  of 
Brunswick,  was  gardener  or  supervisor.  There  is  a 
small  whole-length  portrait  of  him  in  the  frontispiece 
to  Vcrtumnui,  a  poem  on  the  garden  ;  8vo,  Oxford, 
1713.  In  this  he  is  dressed  in  a  long  vest,  with  a  beard, 
which,  it  is  said,  on  feast-days  he  used  10  have  lagged 
with  silver.  He  died  February  4,  1679-80,  at  the  age  of 
81,  leaving  two  sons,  Jacob,  who  became  Professor,  and 
TlLLEMO.NT,  who  was  also  employed  in  the  physic  g,ivden. 
The  elder  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Peter's-in- 
the-East,  where  there  is  a  small  tablet  to  his  memory 
against  the  south  wall.  He  printed  a  catalogue  of  the 
plants  in  the  garden  in  the  year  1648,  which  was  re- 
printed in  1658,  and  from  this  it  appears  that  about  2000 
species  were  then  cultivated,  600  of  which  were  English. 
On  the  death  of  MORISO.N,  in  1683,  the  son  of  this 
Bobart,  also  named  Jacob,  succeeded  to  the  Chair  of 
Botany,  and  continued  the  labours  of  his  predecessor  by 
the  publication  of  the  third  part  of  the  Oxford  HiUory  of 
Plants.     He  died  in  1719,  in  the  79th  year  of  his  age." 


The  Royal  Horticultural  Society.— 

Even  in  the  dull  season  there  is  always  something 
interestin,;  at  the  meetings  of  this  Society.  Mr.  Ware 
continues  his  permanent  exhibition  of  herbaceous 
plants  to  a  degree  that  excites  astonishment  at  the 
amount  of  his  resources.  Think  what  it  must  be  to 
Nature,  like' genius,  is  of  no  country,  and  exotics  keep  so  large  a  space  filled  from  day  to  day  from  May 
in  England,  from   the  stately  English   Elm,  to      to   the   present  ti         —•'•    — -''   "   -"ii—t."-       '->- 


the  Tree  Ferns  and  European  Palms,  which  are 
planted  out  in  shrubberies  in  summer,  are  all 
subjects  of  Nature,  foreign  though  they  be  in 
origin.  Looking  at  the  matter  broadly,  Thistles 
and  Brambles,  and  other  such  "  rubbish,"  grow- 
ing in  odd  corners  and  waste  places,  are  not  a 
bit  higher  or  lower  in  Dame  Nature's  view  than 
the  most  ornamental  of  the  plants  of  culture. 
We  prefer  the  latter  around  our  houses,  the 
former  in  our  game  coverts,  and  we  have  ran- 
sacked the  world  for  novelties,  which  are  to  us 
exotics,  though  the  critics  of  the  flower  borders 


with  such  a  collection.  On 
Tuesday  last  Mr.  Ware's  efforts  were  supported  by 
the  New  Plant  Company  who  filled  the  air  with  the 
fragrance  of  their  golden  Lilies  ;  by  two  6ne  lots 
of  Gladioli  from  Messrs.  Kelway  and  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  the  latter  particularly  interesting, 
a5  affording  illustrations  of  a  new  break.  Messrs. 
Rivers'  collection  of  fruit  and  fruit  trees  was  very 
remarkable.  The  collections  of  wild  plants  from 
Harpenden  excited  great  attention  from  the  general 
public,  and  forcibly  recalled  the  days,  some  thirty 
years  ago,  when  the  late  Rev.  Professor  Henslow 
did  so  much  good  service  in  this  way,  and  gave  the 
village  children  a  source  of  interest  and  amusement  of 


the  reader  to  another  column. 

A  Turner  Memorial.— It  would  be  sur- 
prising if  some  movement  were  not  made  to  establish 
a  memorial  to  Charles  Turner,  and  thus  to  com- 
memorate his  services  to  horticulture.  And  now  two 
such  memorials  are  mooted.  We  should  have  pre- 
ferred one,  but  as  the  two  have  been  started  we  can 
only  wish  success  to  both.  The  one  is  specially  con- 
nected with  the  Dahlia,  and  is  to  take  the  shape  ol 
a  prize  to  be  offered  at  the  forthcoming  Dahlia  Show— 
the  other  is  of  wider  scope  and  more  prominent^ 
interest,  and  comprises  all  varieties  of  "  florists 
flowers,"  or,  as  there  seems  to  be  in  some  quarters 
an  objection  to  this  term,  to  "garden  varieties. 
We  are  not  greatly  concerned  with  names  in  such  a 
case,  the  object  being  to  commemorate  the  labours  of 
Charles  Turner  ;  and  as  he  was  wide  in  his  sympa- 
thies and  in  his  actions,  so  the  memorial  should  have 
a  broad  basis.  At  a  meeting  held  at  South  Kensing- 
ton on  Tuesday  last,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq.,  in 
the  chair,  the  piinciple  that  a  Turner  Memorial 
Prize  or  prizes  should  be  established  met  with 
unanimous  assent.  A  committee  was  formed  of  those 
present,  with  power  to  add  to  their  numbers  ;  Mr. 
POLLETT  was  named  as  treasurer,  and  Mr.  DOUGLAS 
as  honorary  secretary.  Thus  started  there  should  be 
no  difficulty  in  securing  funds  for  an  adequate  com- 
memoration of  the  long  services  of  one  who  was  as 
much  esteemed  for  his  personal  qualities  as  for  his 
labours  towards  the  advancement  of  horticulture. 

Turner  Memorial  Dahlia  Prize.— The 

committee  of  the  National  Dahlia  Show  have  decided 
to  offer  a  special  prize  as  a  memento  of  the  help  ren- 
dered in  the  establishment  of  this  show  by  the  late 
Mr.  Charles  Turner,  of  Slough.  The  prize  is  to 
take  the  form  of  a  silver  cup,  value  ten  guineas,  to  be 
competed  for  by  amateur  cultivators  only,  and  to  be 
offered  for  twelve  show  and  six  fancy  Dahlias.  The 
cup  is  to  be  competed  for  annually  until  it  has  been 
won  three  times  by  the  same  exhibitor,  when  it  will 
become  his  property.  In  the  meanwhile  the  winner 
of  the  cup  at  each  competition  is  to  hold  it  for  one 
year  only.  Intending  competitors  must  send  in  their 
entries  before  August  28,  in  accordance  with  Rule  II. 
of  the  published  schedule,  to  the  Hon.  Secretary,  Mr. 
T.  Moore,  Botanic  Gardens,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

Forestry  and  Forest    Productions. — 

Under  this  heading  Messrs.  Rattray  and  Mill  have 
edited  a  series  ol  essays  presented  to  the  late  Forestry 
Exhibition  in  Edinburgh.  In  the  introduction  is 
given  the  history  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
Exhibition,  while  the  body  of  the  work  consists  of  the 
selected  essays,  varied  in  subject  and  treatment.  We 
confine  ourselves  for  the  present  to  the  mere  an- 
nouncement of  the  publication  of  the  volume  (Edin- 
burgh, David  Douglas),  and  shall  take  an  early 
opportunity  of  alluding  at  greater  length  to  Us 
contents. 


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August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


209 


"  The  Herefordshire  Pomona." — In  the 

original  prospectus  of  The  Herefordshire  Pomona  the 
Woolhope  Club  announced  that  "it  was  not  intended 
to  make  any  profit  from  the  work.  The  whole  money 
subscribed  would  be  spent  on  the  publication,  and 
therefore  the  greater  number  of  subscribers  there  were 
the  more  valuable  could  each  part  be  made  by  addi- 


and,  as  a  matter  of  course,  a  proportionate  increase  in 
the  cost  of  production.  No  trouble  has  been  spared, 
nor  any  expense  necessary  to  produce  the  work  in  an 
accurate  and  artistic  style.  With  such  rapid  increase 
in  size,  and  so  well  brought  out,  it  could  not  be 
expected  to  be  remunerative  at  the  price  at  which  it 
has  been  issued,  and  it  has  not  been  so.     The  total 


of  Tunbridge  Wells,  sent  a  cheque  for  ^f  20,  with  the 
kind  request  "that  he  might  assist  the  Woolhope 
Club  by  contributing  towards  a  work  of  such  national 
importance."  These  thoughtful  gifts  have  been 
highly  esteemed,  quite  apart  from  their  value,  since 
they  show  so  kind  and  generous  an  appreciation  of 
the  work  itself.      The  Herefordshire  Pomona  has  been 


JACOB    BOBART.      (see  p.  208.) 


tional  plates."  This  promise  has  been  faithfully 
kept,  and  there  is  thus  no  want  of  delicacy  in  giving 
some  details  as  to  its  actual  cost.  The  work  has 
grown  so  much  in  size  in  the  course  of  its  production 
that  it  has  greatly  exceeded  the  original  ideas  of  the 
promoters.  The  first  part  contained  six  coloured 
plates,  and  in  the  succeeding  parts  the  number  ad- 
vanced to  eight,  ten,  twelve,  thirteen,  and  in  the 
present  concluding  part  the  number  given  is  sixteen. 
There  is  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  letterpress  ; 


receipts,  including  an  estimate  of  those  eicpected  from 
the  part  now  about  to  be  issued,  amount  to 
,^1883  "js.  iid,,  while  the  total  expenditure  has  been 
^2233  $s.  2d.,  leaving  a  deficiency  of  £3^9  17s.  3d. 
This  deficiency  will  be  somewhat  lessened  by  the  sale 
of  the  few  remaining  copies.  It  would  have  been 
greater  but  for  some  generous  donations  which  it  is 
very  pleasant  to  record.  Mr.  Arthur  Hutchinson 
has  given  donations  as  the  parts  appeared,  amounting 
together  to  ^30  ;  and  Mr.  Thos.  Walker,  F.L.S., 


printed  by  Messrs.  Jakeman  &  Carver,  of  Here- 
ford, under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  the 
committee.  The  number  of  copies  has  been  confined 
to  six  hundred,  and  the  low  price  at  which  they 
have  been  issued,  when  compared  with  the  cost  of 
production,  has  not  left  much  margin  for  the  usual 
trade  profits.  We  earnestly  hope  that  financial  loss 
will  not  be  the  reward  of  an  enterprise  carried 
out  so  thoroughly  well,  and  one  which  is  of  so  much 
value, 


210 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


The    Rowe    Orphan    Fund.— The   Rev. 

F.  S.  Thornton  writes : — '*  I  have  received  the  fol- 
lowing contributions  for  the  family  of  the  late  Mr, 
and  Mrs.  RowE,  in  response  to  your  appeal.  Perhaps 
you  will  kindly  acknowledge  them  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle  :—Vi\^'h  Freeman,  5^, ;  Mr.  W.  Denning, 
io,v  ;  Mr.  A.  S.  Kemp,  it.  ^d.\  Mr.  T.  Elden,  5^. ; 
Mrs.  Djwnay,  20J  ;  Mr.  \V.  Ketllewell,  41.;  Mr. 
J.  Wallis,  5^. ;  Mr.  G.  Summers,  loi  ;  Anon.,  5^. ; 
Mr.  J.  llussey,  y.\  A  Friend,  5.(."  In  addition  to 
the  sums  already  mentioned  in  our  columns  we  have 
received  subscriptions  from  W.  Miller,  Combe  Abbey, 
ixs  ;  George  Lambert,  Oakwood,  2s.  6d.  ;  II.  W. 
Pitcher,  2s.  6d.  Through  Mr.  J.  George,  10,  Victoria 
Is.  >ad.  Putney: — Mr.  G.  Harding,  Bristol  House, 
Putney,  2s.  6</.  ;  Mr.  Davis,  Manresa  House,  Putney, 
$s.  ;  Mr.  Higgins,  Albemarle  Lodge,  Wimbledon, 
2s.  6d.  ;  Mr.  Smith,  Basing  Park,  Alton,  12s.  6</.  ; 
Mr.  Seaton,  Mount  Clare,  Roehampton,  5^, 

■     Two-LiPi'ED      CvrRii'F.Diu.M.    —    Messrs. 

Cocker  &  Sons,  of  Aberdeen,  have  obligingly  for. 
warded  us  two  flowefs  of  Cypripedium  superbiens,  or 
Veitchii,  from  the  same  plant,  in  each  of  which  there 
are  two  lips.  An  examination  of  the  flower  shows 
that  the  supernumerary  lip  is  in  this  case  not  a 
transformed  stamen,  but  there  are  really  in  these 
flowers  four  petals,  two  lateral  and  two  lip>Iike. 

Balsams,    Messrs.    Carter's    Strain. — 

We  have  had  sent  for  our  inspection  a  beautiful 
strain  of  these,  when  well  grown,  handsome  plants. 
The  flowers  at  first  sight  might  be  taken  for  very  full- 
flowered  Carnations,  the  petals  being  slightly  reflexed, 
and  in  one  instance  marked  as  are  flaked  blooms  of 
those.  The  colours,  mostly  selfs,  were  very  clear  and 
decided. 

L.T.LiOPSis  DOMiNGENsis.  — A  dwarf  ever- 
green species,  with  oblong  acute  leaves.  The  loose, 
branching  panicle  springs  from  the  top  of  the  bulb, 
and  bears  numerous  flowers,  each  about  2  inches 
across,  with  spreading,  narrow  lilac  segments,  and  a 
trumpet-shaped  lip,  the  lilac  limb  of  which  is  traversed 
by  purple  veins,  and  the  throat  of  which  is  marked  by 
a  yellowish  blotch.  It  requires  abundance  of  water  in 
the  growing  season,  and  to  be  hung  up  near  the  light. 
Onhiii  Ail'um,  t.  199. 

The  American   Apple   Crop.— We   learn 

from  our  Ameiican  correspondents  that  the  Apple 
crop  is  likely  to  he  light  even  for  the  "ofi'-ycar" — 
that  is,  the  year  when  the  "Baldwins,"  which  com- 
prise a  larger  part  of  the  crop  than  any  other  variety, 
do  not  bear  ficely.  The  Secretary  of  the  Ohio  Hor- 
ticultural Society  reports  that  the  crop  in  that  State 
will  be  very  light.  The  Secretary  of  the  Nebraska 
Society  reports  half  a  crop.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society  endorses  these 
statements  from  information  received  by  him  and 
courteously  forwarded  to  us.  The  prospects  in  Nova 
Scotia  have  already  been  reported  upon, 

Chambre  syndicale  des  Horticulteurs 

I)E  Belge.— At  a  meeting  of  this  Society,  held  on 
August  10,  the  following  awards  were  made  :  — 

E/rs/',/,!ss  rertijiaitcs.—To  MM.  Vervael  &  Co., 
Ghent,  for  Dondrochiluni  filiforme.  To  M.  James 
Prny,  Client,  for  Caltleya  Dowiana  and  Cypripedium 
^toriLi.  To  M.  Ad.  D'Haene,  Ghent,  for  Pandanus 
D'Hacnti  ;  and  to  M.  A.  Peeters,  Brussels,  for  Cypri- 
pedium Morg,ince. 

Cultural  Certificate. — To  Li  Compagnie  Continentale 
d"  Horticulture,  Ghent,  for  Van  da  Batemani. 

CommendiXtions  for  A^ovelty. — To  MM.  Blancqaert 
iS:  Vermeiren,  Gendbrugge,  for  Begonia  Souvenir  de 
rE.xposiiion.  To  La  Compagnie  Continentale  d'Horticul- 
ture,  Ghent,  for  Oncidium  Lanceanum  superbum  and 
Ardisia  metallica.  To  M.  J,.  De  Smet,  p6re,  Lede- 
berg,  for  Deyeuxla  eleg.Tns  fol.  var. 

Cultural  Commendations. — To  La  Compagnie  Con- 
tinentale d' Horticulture,  Ghent,  for  Oncidium  incurvum. 
To  M.  L.  Spae-Van  der  Meulen,  Ghent,  for   Pandanus 


Roses  and  Chemical  Works.  —  A  corre- 
spondent writes: — "I  send  you  a  parcel  of  Rose 
*  foliage  '  {what  a  mockery !)  which  is  a  sample  of  what 
the  chemical  works  about  a  mile  away  has  done  for 
me.  Of  course  they  are  not  all  as  bad  as  this, 
because  some  sorts  are  able  to  resist  it  better  than 
others,  and  while  such  sorts  as  Marie  Baumann, 
Alfred  Colorab,  and  Marie  Rady  are  almost  destroyed 


by  it,  Baroness  Rothschild  and  M.  de  Castellane  are 
not  a  very  great  deal  the  worse,  although,  of  course, 
they  all  feel  it  more  or  less.  It  begins  by  a  sort  of 
purple  discoloration  on  the  young  foliage,  which 
afterwards  turns  brown  or  black,  and  in  some  cases 
ihe  leaves  are  burnt  through.  Some  of  my  neigh- 
l.ours  won't  admit  that  it  U  due  tochemicals,  but  I  have 
no  doubt  on  the  subject.  What  do  you  think  ?  It  is  a 
great  disappointment  to  me,  as  I  used  to  get  such 
pleasure  out  of  them,  and  now  out  of  400  plants  I 
Inve  not  got  one  that  I  could  call  really  healthy,  as 
besides  ruining  the  foliage  it  takes  ail  the  colour  out 
of  the  blooms."  We  share  our  correspondent's 
opinion,  as  the  appearances  on  the  leaves  are  qui'e 
consistent  with  his  statements,  and,  so  far  as  we 
l-mw,  there  is  no  other  cause  that  would  produce 
such  an  e  ff .-ct. 

The  "Botanical  Magazine"  for  the  pre- 
sent monlh  contains  illustrations  and  descriptions  of 
the  following  plants  :  — 

Allium  i^ii:;a>iteum,  t,  6828.— The  most  striking  of  a 
group  of  Alliums  which  inhabit  Central  A-ia,  charac- 
terised by  their  tall  stature,  broad  leaves,  small  lilac 
flowers,  and  ex?erted  stamens.  Bulbs  were  collected 
by  O'DONOVAN  near  Mcrv. 

Sisyrituhiitm  filifolium,  t.  6S29.— A  tufted  her- 
baceous perennial,  with  linear  erect  leaves,  erect  stems, 
bearing  a  tuft  of  flowers  at  the  extremity,  each  flower 
nearly  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  oblong  acu'e, 
creamy- white  segments,  traversed  by  pink  veins. 
Native  of  the  Falkland  Isles.  See  Gardeners 
Chronicle,  p.  696,  vol.  xxiii. 

DelphiniiDH  eashmiriannm  var.  Walkcii,  t.  6S30, 
is  a  dwarf  form,  covered  with  spreading  white  hairs, 
long-stalked,  roundish  lobed  leaves,  the  uppermost 
leaves  or  bracts  are  ovate  oblong,  entire,  on  long  stalks ; 
flower  stalks  elongated,  collected  in  tufts  near  the  top 
of  the  stem ;  flowers  pale  blue,  petals  yellowish. 
Native  of  Kashmir, 

Eucharis  Mastersii,  t.  6831. — A  species  inter- 
mediate between  the  two  finest  species  known,  E. 
grandiflora  (=  E.  amazonica  of  gardens),  and  K. 
Sanderii.  It  is  a  native  of  New  Granada.  As 
a  complimentary  name  it  should,  by  botanical  usage, 
have  been  called  Mastersiana  as  Dr.  Masters  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  plant.  Indeed,  it  would  be 
better  to  avoid  such  names  altogether  in  cases  where 
the  person  commemorated  h.is  had  nothing  to  do 
with  the  discovery  or  history  of  the  plant. 

E.  Sanderii  var.  multiflora,  t.  6831/',  is  smaller 
than  the  type,  and  the  stripes  of  the  staminal  cup  are 
green.  This'pl^nt  was  introduced  by  Mr.  Sander, 
and  rightly  bears  his  name. 

Alpinia  f  pumila,  t.  6S32.— A  curious  little  Sciti- 
mineous  plant, ^native  of  the  Lo-Fan-Shan  Mountains, 
on  the  coast  of  China  opposite  Hong-Kong,  The 
rosy-lilac  flowers  are  borne  on  short  scapes  proceeding 
direct  from  the  rootstock — the  leaf-stalks  are  dilated 
and  spreading  at  the  base,  the  sheath  longer  than  the 
scape,  the  blade  elliptic  acuminate,  6  inches  long. 

Sarcocephalus    E8CULENTUS.  —  Probably 

many  will  recognise  in  this  an  old  friend,  as  it  was 
said  to  be  common  in  the  gardens  around  London 
many  years  ago,  but  had  not  fruited.  It  is  known  as 
the  Guinea,  or  Negro  Peach,  from  its  size  and  shape, 
but  of  course  has  no  relationship  with  the  real  Peach. 
It  is  a  member  of  the  Cinchona  order,  and  remarkable 
in  the  first  place  for  producing  its  flowers  in  densely- 
packed,  globose  heads  ;  and  secondly,  for  the  excep- 
tional manner  in  which  the  separate  fruits  become 
amalgamated  with  one  another,  and  with  the  recep- 
tacle, forming  a  sort  of  compound  fruit,  as  we  have  in 
the  Custari_  or  Pine-apple,  the  resemblance  to  which, 
however,  in  the  present  instance  is  merely  superficial, 
not  one  of  affinity.  The  flowers  are  creamy-white,  and 
agreeably  fragrant,  with  long  projecting  styles,  that 
give  the  heads  a  bristly  appearance.  A  flowering 
specimen  may  now  be  seen  in  the  Economic-house  at 
Kew,  and  the  plant  was  figured  in  the  HotticuUiual 
Transactions,  v.,  t.  1 8,  where  it  was  described  by 
Sabine. 

New  Hvhrids  of  Azalea  mollis. —These 

are  said  to  form  quite  a  new  race  of  Azaleas,  obtained 
by  Mr.  Charles  Vuylsteke,  Loochristi,  near 
Ghent,  from  "  crosses  between  ditTerent  species." 
They  are  said  to  be  "quite  distinct  from  all  other 
sorts  ;  the  colours  do  not  resemble  those  of  Azalea 
mollis,  the  flowers  are  even  larger,  the  leaves  fine  and 
the  plants  of  vigorous  growth,  and  adapted  for  culture 
io  the  open  ground  as  well  as  in  pots.    They  are 


easily  forced,  and  flower  a  little  later  than  A.  mollis 
and  sooner  than  the  Ghent  Azaleas."  The  varieties 
are  :— Edison,  flowers  bright  rose,  shaded  with  car- 
mine, the  upper  lobes  heavily  spotted  with  chrome- 
orange  and  bordered  with  violet  and  white  :  large 
b:)ld  trusses  of  flower,  very  free  ;  Dulcince,  oiange- 
red,  shaded  with  scarlet,  very  effective,  the  petals 
charmingly  crisped,  a  very  fine  variety  ;  Esmeralda, 
reddish-orange,  distinct  in  colour,  the  upper  segments 
spotted  with  dark  vermilion  ;  Gloire  de  Belgique, 
large  red  flowers  shaded  with  clear  lilac,  the  upper 
lobes  dashed  with  violet  and  white  and  spotted  with 
sulphur-yellow,  and  also  bordered  with  lovely  rose  : 
extra  fine;  Henri  Conscience,  medium-sized  flowers, 
the  ground  rosy-white  and  having  a  larger  saffron 
blotch  on  the  upper  segments,  very  charming  in 
colour  ;  Ch.  Rozier,  lively  rose  flowers,  shaded  with 
violet  and  having  a  deep  chrome-yellow  blotch  on  the 
upper  leaves,  the  edges  creamy-white  :  a  charming 
variety  ;  Mons.  Desbois,  flowers  salmon-red  shaded 
with  scarlet,  the  flowers  borne  in  large  bold  trusses  of 
from  fifteen  to  eighteen  each  :  fine  quality  and  very 
free  ;  and  Mignon,  a  very  pleasing  shade  of  rose, 
dashed  with  satin,  the  upper  lobes  clear  magenta, 
with  dark  blotches  :  extra  fine.  It  is  possible  some 
of  these  new  hybrids  will  be  seen  in  flower  in  London 
next  season.  They  will  be  looked  for  with  consider- 
able interest. 

Ei-tCHAUis  Mastersii. — Whateverbe  the  his- 
tory of  this  plant,  its  whole  aspect  and  bearing  points 
to  its  being  a  hybrid  between  E.  grandiflora  and  E. 
Sanderiana.  The  foliag-:  is  intermediate  in  character, 
and  likewise  the  flowers  in  size  and  many  oihtr 
respects.  The  corona,  so  nearly  suppressed  in  E. 
Sanderiana,  is  here  much  more' conspicuou-.  with  a 
well  developed  tooth  on  cither  side  of  the  anther  — 
bearing  one,  a?  in  E.  grandiflora.  The  interior  is 
greenish-yellow.  The  segmen's  of  the  perianth  are 
comparatively  very  broad,  and  assume  a  semi-erect 
position,  while  the  three  inner  ones  are  conspicuous 
by  the  manner  they  are  pushed  into  the  interior  of  the 
flower  by  a  median  longitudinal  fold,  thus  almost  pre- 
senting the  appearance  of  a  semi-double  flower.  A 
specimen  has  been  flowering  for  several  weeks  in  one 
of  the  stoves  at  Kew,  and  appears  in  every  way  as 
robust  and  floriferous  as  the  above-mentioned  species  ; 
and  should  it  flower  as  frequently  as  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  it  will  under  proper  treatment,  it 
will  be  a  valuable  addition  to  the  cut  flower  basket,  as 
well  as  for  ordinary  decorative  purposes. 

Double  Sarracenia. — Mr.  B.  S.  Williams 

obligingly  sends  us  a  double  flower  of  Sarracenia  At- 
kinsoniani  x  ,  in  which  the  doubleness  consists  in  the 
formation  of  one  additional  series  of  petals  (multipli- 
cation), and  not  in  any  transformation  of  stamens, 

Open    Spaces   in    London.— On   Monday 

afternoon  last  Lady  Marian  Ai.fokd  formally  de- 
clared the  enclosure  of  Red  Lion  Square,  High  Hoi- 
born,  to  be  open  to  the  public  as  a  garden  and  place 
of  recreation.  The  space  which  is  thus  thrown  open 
to  the  people  of  the  neighbourhood  has  been  se- 
cured by  the  Metropolitan  Public  Gardens  Associa- 
lion,  of  which  Lord  Braisazon  is  Chairman,  on 
a  peppercorn  rent  for  a  period  of  twelve  months. 
The  enclosure  was  decorated  with  flags,  and  pre- 
sented a  favourable  contrast  to  its  ragged  and 
untidy  appearance  a  few  months  ago.  It  may  be 
mentioned  that  Red  Lion  Square,  which  was  built  at 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  centry,  has  numbered 
among  its  residents  Lord  Chief  Justice  Raymond, 
Jonas  Hanway,  who  introduced  the  umbrella,  and 
Sharon  Turner,  the  historian  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 

Automatic    Irrigation,  —  In    very    dry 

sensons  there  is  a  great  demand  for  water  in  most 
gardens,  and  any  apparatus  which  ellects  a  saving 
of  the  gardener's  time  must  of  necessity  prove  in- 
valuable. Messrs.  Merryweather,  of  Long  Acre, 
have  devised  various  systems  for  automatically  dis- 
tributing water.  They  devised  a  system  of  non- 
corrosive  metallic  tubes  in  short  lengths  mounted 
upon  easy  running  carriages  and  connected  with 
flexible  joints.  The  metal  pipes  being  perforated 
throughout  their  entire  length,  the  water  will  run 
through  a  length  of  60  or  90  feet,  dispersing  itself 
on  the  land  through  the  whole  course  of  the  pipes 
by  means  of  the  perforations.  It  is  very  easy  to 
move  the  apparatus  from  place  to  place  at  intervals. 
Another  system   consists  in    similar    movable    pipes 


August  15,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


21 1 


without  the  perforationp,  at  the  ex'rcme  end  of 
which  a  distribu'.ing  nozzle  is  attached.  This  nozzle 
is  capable  of  throwing  the  stream  in  ciihcr  a  jet 
or  a  spray  at  the  will  of  the  operator,  who  can  of 
course  walk  about  freely  diag§ing  the  tubes  after 
him.  A  third  apparatus  is  both  ornamental  and 
useful,  as  it  consists  in  a  portable  revolving  (ountain 
upon  a  stand  to  which  hose  may  be  connected. 
Garden  hose  or  lead  or  iron  pipe  so  small  as  V  inch 
di.imeter  can  be  connected  to  the  inlet-coupling,  and 
the  water  supply  taken  from  a  source  S  feet  or 
more  above  the  fountain.  The  sprinklers  rapidly 
rotate  by  the  action  of  the  issuing  water,  scattering 
a  fine  shower  over  a  wide  area.  The  adaptation 
of  this  latter  appears  to  be  a  hippy,  idea  as  it  is 
arranged  inverted  to  screw  up  to  the  ceiling  of  fcineiy 
or  eonservatory,  and  thus  scatter  the  water  downwards 
and  sideways. 

Fkench  Bean. — We  received  recently  two 

plants  of  a  selected  French  Bean  of  great  prolificacy, 
accompanied  by  the  following  note  from  Messrs. 
EwiNG  &  Co.,  Ilavant,  which  may  be  of  interest  to 
our  readers  :  — "  We  herewith  send  you  two  specimen 
plants  of  a  dwarf  French  Bean  which  we  have  been 
selecting  for  the  last  five  or  six  years  for  its  gfeat 
fruiifulness,  dwarf  habit  of  growth,  and  its  earliness. 
As  this  Bean  now,  in  its  highly  selected  slate,  occu- 
pies but  very  little  room  on  the  ground,  and  produces 
a  large  quantity  of  Beans  m  a  very  small  space,  the 
rows  may  be  sown  moie  closely  than  is  the  case  with 
other  kinds,  and  a  much  larger  produce  can  be 
gathered  from  a  given  piece  of  ground  and  in  a  much 
shorter  time  than  is  the  case  with  other  varieties. 
We  have  tried  many  kinds  (especially  the  new  ones) 
against  it,  but  have  only  found  one  to  nearly  approach 
it  in  earliness  and  dwarf  c  mpact  habit  of  growth, 
added  to  extreme  productiveness." 

CiDJR      AND      Pekisy.  —  The    Wooihope 

Naturalists'  Field  Club  has  been  engaged  during  the 
last  nine  years  in  obtaining  practical  information  in 
the  orchards,  with  a  view  to  improve  the  varieties  of 
fruit  cultivated  in  them,  and  to  restore  the  commercial 
position  of  their  products.  The  result  of  this  long 
series  of  inquiries  is  embodied  in  Tlu  Hereforihhire 
roDiona.  This  valuable  work,  now  just  completed, 
is  far  too  richly  illustratetl,  and  too  costly  for  every- 
day use.  It  is  proposed,  therefore,  to  publish,  imme- 
diately, a  cheap  edition  of  all  the  information  con- 
tained in  the  larger  work,  with  reference  to  the  cider 
and  perry  fruits,  from  the  counties  of  Hereford,  Devon, 
Somerset,  Worcester,  and  Gloucester.  The  present 
work  embraces  a  history  of  the  orchards  and  their  com- 
plete management,  a  description  of  the  best  varieties 
of  fruits,  the  chemicil  analysis  of  their  several  juices, 
and  the  manufactureof  cider  and  perry.  M.  Pasteur's 
discovery  of  the  true  causes  of  fermentation,  which 
explains  so  clearly  the  best  modes  of  controlling 
it,  is  fully  given.  The  orchard  in  its  commerciil 
aspect  is  also  entered  into  with  much  detail.  A 
century  has  nearly  elapsed  since  any  systematic 
British  work  on  the  subject  has  been  published,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  the  present  volume  may  become  a 
text-book  for  practical  use  with  nurserymen  and 
orchardists,  until  further  experience  and  information 
enables  a  better  one  to  be  supplied  in  its  place.  This 
work  will  be  published  in  octavo  form,  and  in  the 
usual  green  cloth  cover  of  the  Club.  It  will  contain 
nearly  300  pages  of  letterpress,  with  woodcut  sections 
of  the  most  esteemed  varieties  of  fruit.  It  will  thin 
form  a  handsome  volume.  The  cost  to  subscribers 
will  be  Si.,  and  to  non-subscribers,  ^s.  61I.  each  copy. 
The  printing  has  already  commenced,  and  the 
publishers,  Messrs.  jAlciiMAN  &  Carver,  High 
Town,  Hereford,  will  be  pleased  to  receive  sub- 
scribers' 


flowered,  be  a  conspicuous  object.  The  large  hand- 
somely digitate  leaves  alone  should  obtain  it  a  place 
amongst  stove  plants.  The  flowers  apparently  are 
s])aringly  produced,  but  of  great  size,  and  strikingly 
attractive.  The  long,  linear  while  petals  recurve 
gracefully  in  a  radiating  manner,  as  do  some  species 
of  Crinum.  They  by  themselves,  however,  would  be 
lame  in  the  absence  of  the  stamens,  which  branch  c  ft 
from  the  slaminal  tube  and  project  in  all  directions, 
occupying  the  whole  upper  surface  of  the  expanded 
flower.  These  are  white  at  the  base  and  crimson 
upwards,  offering  a  marked  contrast  with  the  other 
parts  of  tte  flower. 

CuiyosiTiES  OF  Floriculture.— We  have 

received  the  following  paragraph  from  so  many  of 
our  .Scotch  friends,  that  we  are  constrained  by  polite- 
ness to  present  it  to  our  readers,  for  their  edifica- 
tion ;  — 

"  Sbield.Hig,  Lochcarron,  August  3,  r885. 

"  The  following  fact  in  floriculture  may  interest,  and 
possibly  surprise,   some  of  your  readers. 

"  Las't  year  I  sowed,  among  other  annuals,  several 
patches  of  the  lovely  Linmii  rubruin  grandifloruni,  which 
grew  and  blossomed  luxuriantly.  When  the  seed-vessels 
were  thoroughly  matured,  they  were  taken  in  and  laid 
aside  till  this  spring,  when  the  seeds  were  beaten  out 
and  sown  ;  but  instead  of  growing  up  scarlet  Flax  they 
h.rve  grown  and  tjissomed  into  pure  white  Candytuft. 
There  is  no  difference  either  in  colour  or  smell  from  the 
other  patches  of  real  Candytuft  in  the  garden.— I  am, 
&c.,  "  John  Shand. 

'■  P.S.  — I  may  state  that  not  a  single  plant  of  Linum 
appeared.  |    S  '       Scolsm^in,  Aug.  r2. 

Show  Fixtures. — The  great  summer  show 

of  the  Shropshire  'Horticuliural  Society  will  be  held 
on  August  19  and  20,  The  Wilts  Horticultural 
Society  will  hold  its  show  at  Salisbury  on  the  latter 
date.  A  grand  horticultural  show  in  conneition 
with  the  Warwickshire  Agticutrral  Society  will  take 
place  on  September  2  and  3,  at  the  Jephson  Garden', 
Leamington.  Th;  Bath  Autumn  Show  will  be  held 
likewise  on  September  2  and  3 

GARDENING    .•^ITOINIMENT.— Mr.   CHARLES 

Russell,  late  Foreman  at  Byrkley  Lodge,  Burton, 
has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Mrs.  HorKINSON, 
West  Court,  Finchamstead. 


Pachira    macrocarpa.— The    species     of 

Pachira,  from  their  partaking  of  the  size  and  character 
of  trees,  are  seldom  seen  in  collections,  at  least  of 
dimensions  suitable  for  flowering.  This  is  to  be 
expected,  at  least  in  private  collections,  where  space 
is  frequently  of  prime  importance.  They  are  natives 
of  Tropical  America,  and  closely  rebated  to  the  famed 
Baobab  of  Africa,  and  are  probably  better  known 
under  the  name  of  Carolinea.  P.  macrocarpa  was 
introduced  from  Mexico,  and  figured  in  the  Bolamcal 
Magazine,  t.  4549.  A  specimen  about  12  or  14  feet 
high  has  been  flowering  intermittently  for  some  time 
in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew.  In  its  native  habitats  it 
attains  double  that  height,     and   must,    when   well 


FRUIT    NOTES. 


Alexander  Peach.- This  Peach  is  now  (July 
25)  ripe  with  us  on  a  south-west  wall  in  the  open 
garden,  where  it  is  bearing  fair-sized,  highly  coloured, 
nice-looking  fruit,  that  is  full  of  rich  juice  and  of  a 
capital  flavour.  So  far  as  I  can  judge  of  it,  it  is  a 
decided  beat  on  Early  Beatrice,  Louise,  or  Rivers, 
the  latter  of  which  is  not  yet  in  with  us,  and  is  very 
pale  in  the  skin,  and  not  of  the  high  quality  of  the 
Alexander,  besides  which  it  is  very  liable  to  split  in 
the  stone.  Hale's  Early  I  have  not  yet  tried,  but  it 
is  said  to  be  synonymous  with  the  Alexander,  which 
last-named  must  not  be  mistaken  for  the  Alexandra, 
as  that  is  an  improved  Noble; sc,  and  quite  a  different 
thing.   7.  Sheppard. 

GOOSEllERRY    HeNSOn'S   SEEDLING. 

This  variety  was  figured  in  the  florist  and  Pomolo- 
gisl,  in  May,  1S74,  with  the  following  remarks  :— 
"  Henson's  Seedling  is  a  novelty  brought  before  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  last  year,  by  Mr.  Ilenson 
of  Newark,  near  Peterborough,  when  it  was  found  to 
be  of  exceedingly  good  quality,  and  was  awarded  a 
First-class  Certificate  as  a  new  and  distinct  variety. 
It  is  stated  to  be  a  chance  seedling,  having  been 
originally  taken  Irom  a  hedge  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Peterborough,  and  not  a  garden  raised  sort.  How- 
ever this  may  be  it  is  a  finely  flavoured  variety,  well 
worthy  of  cultivation  as  a  dessert  fruit,  and  though 
not  large  enough  to  rank  among  the  show  kinds,  is 
quite  large  enough  for  general  purposes.  It  belongs 
to  the  hairy  red  section."  Now  I  have  taken  up  at 
random  two  fruit  catalogues  issued  by  two  of  our 
largest  fruit  nursery  firms  in  the  kingdom  ;  one 
enumerates  thirty-seven  varieties  of  Gooseberries,  the 
other  seventy-nine.  Considering  that  this  variety  has 
been  before  the  public  over  ten  years,  and  received  a 
First-class  Certificate  from  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  it  certainly  seems  strange  to  me  that  two  of 
our  most  eminent  nursery  firms  should  omit  such  a 
useful  sort.  It  ripens  before  Warrrington,  and  will 
keep  up  a  supply  till  that  old,  though  most  worthy 
variety  is  ready  for  dessert.  I  may  here  mention  that 
last  season  we  had  Henson's  Seedling  good  till  the 
middle  of  September,  and  Warrington  trained  on  an 
east  wall,  protected  with  netting,  until  the  end  of 
October.   J.  Siiiilk,  Mcntmore. 


THE    DATE    PALM. 

(Ca-clu,M  fnm  f.  179.) 

In  Lucknow  I  introduced  the  Dale  Palm  from  the 
Persian  Gulf,  through  the  Government  of  India,  both 
by  seeds  and  by  imported  offsets.  There  are  some 
hundreds  of  many  varieties  of  both  kinds  in  Lucknow, 
and  many  hundreds  from  seeds  in  many  parts  of  Oudh. 
In  Lucknow  they  were  imported  between  lS6g  and 
1S73.  These  had  been  under  my  care  and  close  observa- 
tion up  to  1S77-8.  Since  then  I  have  often  seen  them. 
They  are  growing  very  luxuriantly,  and  are  irrigated 
during  the  hot  winds  from  wells  20  leet  or  so  deep. 
During  the  rains  ihcy  are  subject  to  an  average  annual  ' 
rainfall  of  36  inches.  In  the  winter  there  the  tempera- 
ture has  been  down  to  5°  I-'ahr.  below  freezing  paint, 
and  in  the  hot  winds  I  am  afraid  to  say  what  tempera- 
lure  they  are  subject  to,  and  there  is  no  sea-air.  Many 
of  the  Lucknow  Date  Palms  have  been  flowering  and 
fruiting— artificial  fertilisation  is  practised  in  most 
cases.  Mr.  Ridley,  under  whose  care  they  are  at 
present,  has  stated  that  their  fruit  is  good,  and  it 
ii  stated  that  some  are  delicious.  I  have  tasted  some, 
and  found  them  very  sweet  and  nice.  Another  officer 
from  Pertahgurr  says,  that  those  which  ripens  fiuit 
are  delicious.  Even  the  small  skinny  fruit  of  the  P. 
sylvestris,  when  not  tapped  for  "  toddy,"  i;  eaten  by 
natives.  I  cannot,  therefore,  'understand  how  it  is 
that  the  Date  Palms  in  the  South  of  Europe  are  said 
to  be  without  fruit,  and  that  "  the  cause  is  the  dry 
summer,  there  being  no  subterranean  wells,  as  ij  the 
case  in  the  Sahara." 

From  the  study  I  have  made  of  the  Phoenix  sylves- 
tiii  and  P.  dactylifera  (which  are  in  reality  two  varie- 
ties of  the  same  species)  I  am  of  opinion  that  neither 
subterranean  wells  nor  a  desert  climate  are  essential 
to  its  luxuriant  and  successful  growth.  We  must, 
therefore,  look  for  some  other  reason  to  account  for 
its  being  "without  fruit,"  or  for  its  fruit  "never 
being  fit  for  food  "  in  the  South  of  Europe. 

I  have  shown  that  the  P.  sylvestris  grows  luxuriantly 
in  a  moist  climate  like  that  of  Bengal,  and  in  all 
other  climates,  from  North  to  South  India.  But  as  it 
is  annually  bled,  and  its  sap  converted  either  into 
sugar  or  toddy,  its  fruit,  when  it  is  able  to  give  any, 
and  when  it  becomes  fertilised,  is  not  fit  to  eat.  The 
P.  sylvestris  is  nowhere  irrigated  as  far  as  I  know,  but 
depends  for  moisture  upon  rain  or  upon  what  it  can 
suck  up  from  the  subsoil.  I  have  shown  also  that 
the  P.  dactylifera  will  bear  a  variety  of  climates  and 
conditions,  and  still  give  good  fruit.  In  the  oases  of 
the  Sahara  and  all  along  North  Africa  and  in  Murcia, 
in  Spain,  probably  it  does  not  receive  any  special 
cultivation.  In  the  interior  of  Arabia,  where  there 
is  not  much  commercial  intercourse,  and  wh?re  the 
poor  people  are  almost  wholly  dependent  for  food  on 
their  Date  crop,  the  probability  is  that  a  great  deal 
of  care  is  given  to  it.  In  Mooltan,  Sindh,  and  adja- 
cent countries  Mr.  O'Brien  says  it  is  nowhere  culti- 
vated, tut  grows  spontaneously  from  seeds.  There 
are  many  varieties  in  Mooltan,  and  he  sent  me 
samples  of  five  varieties.  They  were  small  (about 
the  size  of  the  Muscat  Dates)  but  sweet,  and  they 
formed  a  great  part  of  the  food  of  the  Mooltanis  and 
Sindhis.  In  Lucknow,  where  the  conditions  are 
different  from  the  places  before  mentioned,  it  also 
grows  well. 

But  the  climate  where  it  appears  to  come  to  great 
perfection,  and  where  it  is  cultivated  with  great  care 
and  skill,  is  that  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  There  it  is 
tended  as  if  it  were  a  child— irrigated  regularly, 
manured  with  either  fish  or  other  animal  manures. 
As  there  are  only  female  plantations  the  flowers  of 
each  bunch  are  carefully  fertilised  by  males  brought 
from  anywhere  (sometimes  from  another  district).  The 
irrigation  is  stopped  for  several  weeks  after  fertilisa- 
tion, and  finally  only  from  eight  to  twelve  bunches  of 
Dates  are  left  on  the  tree  out  of  the  twenty-four  or  so 
that  it  bears.  Nevertheless,  with  all  this  care  and 
skill  they  say  that  those  Dates  which  by  accident  have 
not  been  fertilised  are  "  stoneless  and  insipid,  and 
only  fit  for  goats." 

Palgrave,  in  his  Jottrnev  through  Arabia,  says  that 
of  all  the  kinds  of  Dates  he  had  eaten  the  "  Kh.alis  " 
o!  El  Ilasa  in  the  Gulf  is  the  facile  pritueps  of  the 
D.ate  kind.  He  says  it  bears  the  same  relation  to  the 
ordinary  Date  which  the  jungle  Mango  bears  to  the 
B  unbay  Mango.  In  the  Gulf  the  Date  tree  receives 
ai  much  cultivation  as  Oranges  or  any  other  choice 
fruit  trees  receive  in  Europe. 

Let  us  glance  now  at  the  cultivation  of  Date  Palms 
in  the  Rivieira.    Irrespective  of  any  irrigation,  manm- 


212 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  1885. 


ing,  &c.,  which  are  not  mentioned,  the  leaves  at  cer- 
tain seasons  are  swathed,  liVce  Lettuces,  to  blanch 
them  for  church  ceremonials.  They  are  cut  at 
Easter,  for  supplying  leaves  for  Palm  Sunday  to  Rome 
and  other  places,  and  also  in  August  for  Jewish 
observances.  Now,  considering  that  the  leaves  to  the 
plant  are  what  the  stomach  and  lungs  are  to  the 
animal — that  they  are  required  to  be,  not  only 
luxuriant,  but  in  large  numbers,  to  supply  healthy 
sap  for  the  growth  of  the  tree  and  the  production  of 
its  fruit — we  need  not,  I  think,  trouble  ourselves  about 
either  "underground  wells,"  or  dry  summers  to 
account  for  the  Bordighera  Date  Palms  giving  either 
"bad  fruit,  or  none  at  all."  [All  the  Palms  on 
the  Rivieira  are  not  so  treated,  and  yet  ripe  fruit 
is  almost  unknown.  Ed.]  In  the  Persian  Gulf,  they 
say,  the  Date  Pilm  is  not  tapped  for  "toddy." 
It  could  be  tapped,  however,  they  say,  "  but  at  the 
expense  of  the  fruit."  It  is  a  wonder  to  me  that  the 
Date  Palms  of  the  South  of  Europe  continue  to  exist 
at  all,  under  such  treatment ;  I  should  say,  however, 
that  they  can  be  swathed,  and  that  their  leaves  can 
be  cut  oft,  to  supply  bleached  leaves  to  Rome  and 
other  places,  leaving  the  whole  place  with  a  "dis- 
reputable look,"  but  all  this  can  be  done  "  at  the 
expense  of  the  fruit."  Moreover  the  Bordighera 
Palms  may  ,all  happen  to  be  of  the  kind 
which  does  not  become  soft  and  sweet,  and  goes 
no  further  than  the  red  or  yellow  stage,  called 
"  Kharek."  In  my  opinion,  the  borders  of 
the  Mediterranean  basin  are  eminently  suited  to 
growing  first-class  Dates.  The  sea  air  appears  to  be 
an  advantage  to  the  choicer  varieties.  It  is  not  so 
partial  to  a  desert  climate  as  one  would  suppose.  All  it 
wants  for  the  production  of  choice  fruit  is  careful  culti- 
vation, like  any  other  fruit  tree,  with  irrigation  when 
necessary,  manuring  and  stirring  of  the  surface  earth  ; 
arliBcial  fertilisation  when  the  males  are  not  well 
intermixed  with  the  females.  It  requires  also,  like 
other  fruit  trees,  that  half  the  bunches  should  be 
removed  to  produce  fine  large  Dates.  The  condition 
which  I  think  is  a  great  advantage  to  the  perfection 
of  the  fruit  of  the  Khoorma  kinds  is  that  during 
softening  and  ripening  time  the  atmosphere  should 
be  dry.  Finally,  to  obtain  choice  fruit  the  Date  Palm 
should  not  be  tapped  or  swathed,  or  have  its  leaves 
blanched  and  cut  oft';  but  that  there  should  be  many 
of  them,  and  the  more  direct  light  they  get  the 
better,  as  long  as  water  is  supplied  to  the  roots. 
Whether  this  come  from  underground  wells  or  from 
rivers,  or  springs,  or  the  clouds,  I  think  signifies 
little. 

I  should  say  Cyprus,  Candia,  Greece,  and  its  archi- 
pelago, Sicily,  Sardinia,  and  the  south  and  east 
coast  of  Spain,  are  all  eminently  suited  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  choice  kinds  of  Dates.  Ofi'sets  from  the 
Persian  Gulf  could  be  obtained  with  the  greatest  ease, 
and  planted  in  nurseries,  and  watered  regularly  till 
they  root,  when  they  could  be  put  into  permanent 
plantations.  I  think  there  is  no  part  of  the  world  to 
which,  if  the  climate  and  soil  were  suitable.  Date 
offsets  of  the  proper  age  and  weight  could  not  be 
taken.  They  will  bear  a  great  deal  of  exposure 
before  planting  without  injury.  The  woody  stump 
acts  like  a  bulb,  and  throws  out  roots  when  planted 
under  proper  conditions.  If  we  do  not  expect  the 
cow  to  give  good  and  abundant  milk  without  proper 
feeding  and  careful  treatment,  it  is  hardly  reasonable 
to  expect  the  Date  Palm  to  give  good  and  abundant 
fruit  with  no  feeding  and  "atrocious"  treatment, 
E,  Bonavia,  M.D.,  Elaimh. 


Editor  remarks  that  this  Rose  is  very  liable  to  mil- 
dew, and  so  we  find  it  in  the  very  different  climatal 
conditions  of  the  London  Clay, 

Eugene  FOrst. 
A    Rose  raised  by  Soupert  &  Notting,  of  Luxem- 
bourg,   with   medium   sized   cup-shaped    well    filled 
flowers  of  a  rich  crimson  colour.     It  is  figured  in  the 
Revue  de  t Horticulture  Belse  for  August. 


THE    BALATA    INDUSTRY   IN 
BRITISH    GUIANA. 

A  VERY  interesting  and  detailed  report  on  this  sub- 
ject has  been  furnished  to  the  Government  by  Mr.  G. 
S.  Tenman,  Government  Botanist,  and  Superintendent 
of  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Demerara.     The  report  is 


MADAME  PIERRE  OGER. 

A  SPORT  from  Queen  Victoria  (Bourbon),  with 
flowers  of  medium  size,  globular,  creamy-white  tinted 
on  the  edge  with  rose.  Well  may  the  Journal  des 
Roses  say  of  it,  that  the  colouring  is  quite  peculiar  if 
it  answers  to  this  description.  Beautiful  delicate  lilac, 
coppery-rose. 

EuG^,NK  Appert. 

We  were  surprised  to  see  a  portrait  of  this  old 
friend  in  a  late  number  of  the  Journal  des  Roses,  It 
is  well  nigh  discarded  from  English  gardens,  but, 
although  unsuited  for  the  exhibition  table,  it  is  well 
worth  growing,  as  it  is  so  very  distinct  in  its  purplish 
wood,  stout,  straight,  densely  set  thorns,  dark  foliage, 
pale  plum- coloured  on  the  under-surface,  and  with 
medium-sized  flatfish    deep   carmine   flowers.      The 


Fig.    46.— ODONTOGLOSSl'M     FESCATOREl. 


f^=- 


Fig.  47. — ODON-TOGLOSSL-M  li-teo-furpl'reum"(bogot.\  \ar.). 

especially  valuable,  as  it  deals  with  a  substance  which 
has  attracted  a  considerable  amount  of  attention  at 
different  tii-.es  for  several  years  past,  but  has  never 
found  its  way  into  commerce  in  any  considerable 
quantity,  though  balata  has  always  been  highly  spoken 
of,  as  Mr.  Jenman  reminds  us,  as  intermediate  in 
character  between  indiarubber  and  gutta-percha,  com- 
bining the  properties  of  both,  and  for  certain  purposes 
is  better  adapted  than  any  other  of  the  natural 
caoutchouc  substances,  "  Its  strength  also  is  very 
great,  and  as  it  does  not  stretch  under  tension,  for 
special  appliances,  such  as  bands  for  machinery,  it  is 
unequalled.  It  has  recently  been  pronounced  by  an 
American  firm  of  manufactures  as  the  '  best  gum  in 
the  world,'  and  that  it  has  not  had  a  greater  success 
is  due  more  to  the  hitherto  limited  supply  than  to  any 
defect  of  quality  intrinsically  in  itself."  This  opinion 
is  fully  borne  out  in  a  report  by  Dr.  Hugo  Muller, 
F.R.S.,  which  Mr.  Jenman  quotes  at  length. 

Balata,  as  many  of  our  readers  will  already  know, 
is  the  concrete   milky  juice   of  Miumsops  globosa. 


Gaert.  A  large,  hard-wooded  forest  tree,  sometimes 
reaching  a  height  of  120  feet,  and  ranging  from 
Jamaica  and  Trinidad  to  Venezuela  and  French 
Guiana.  The  introductoiy  part  of  Mr.  Jenman's 
report  is  devoted  to  a  sketch  of  the  Balata  tree  in 
Berbice,  with  notes  on  the  characteristic  vegetation. 
Speaking  of  the  savannah  region,  he  writes  as 
follows: — "The  flora  I  found  naturally  very  largely 
identical  with  that  of  the  Corentyne  savannah,  which, 
though  remote,  are  part  of  the  same  region.  It  pre- 
sents great  variety,  is  generally  rich  in  colour,  and 
very  interesting.  Flowers  are  not  plentiful  enough, 
though  abundant,  and  in  many  instances  beautiful 
in  an  exceptional  kind  of  way,  to  give  colour 
to  the  ground  ;  they  are  partly  concealed,  too, 
by  the  rather  long  grass,  yet  it  would  be 
difficult  to  gather  anywhere  a  more  charming  bunch 
of  wild  flowers  than  this  savannah  afforded  at  the 
time  of  my  visit.  Much  of  the  novel  effect  is  due,  I 
have  no  doubt,  to  the  exquisite  shades  of  colour 
above  alluded  to,  combined  with  unusual  and  unique 
or  quaint  forms."  A  list  of  the  plants  seen  follows 
this  description.  Some  of  the  discomforts  of  the 
savannah  are  stated  to  be  small  flies,  one  of  which 
swarms  about  the  face  and  creeps  into  the  eyes,  and 
the  other  "  stings  and  leaves  a  durable  extravasated 
red  speck."  After  a  few  notes  on  the  population  and 
their  mode  of  living,  a  very  careful  description  is 
given  of  the  Balata  tree  and  its  distribution.  From  the 
east  bank  of  the  Berbice  liver  to  the  Corentyne  is  the 
regions  of  its  greatest  plentifulness  in  the  colony, 
but  its  distribution  extends  still  eastward  beyond  the 
Corentyne  into  Dutch  Guiana,  where  a  grant  of  several 
hundred  thousand  acres  has  recently  been  acquired  by 
an  American  firm  for  collecting  balata.  The  trees 
are  more  plentiful  in  this  region,  in  the  depths  of  the 
forest,  than  near  the  rivers,  hence  the  creeks  form 
arteries  to  the  balata  grounds.  Several  of  the  creeks 
on  both  banks  of  the  Cauje  are  instances  of  this. 
The  woodcutters  of  this  district  regard  the  Balata  tree 
as  inexhaustible  ;  in  the  interior  of  the  forest  it  exists 
in  profusion,  and  abundance  lies  beyond  the  reach  of 
the  balata  collectors  as  they  at  presen  conduct  their 
operations.  As  the  trees  near  at  hand  become  exhausted 
they  will  no  doubt  alter  their  habits  and  make  clear- 
ings as  drying  places  in  the  heart  of  the  forest,  but 
now  they  are  under  the  obligation  of  returning  to  the 
settlements  on  the  creeks  with  the  milk  they  have 
collected,  to  dry.  Under  this  necessity  they  can  at 
most  only  penetrate  about  two  days'  journey,  but  so 
far  as  they  have  explored  they  report  there  is  no 
diminution  in  the  abundance  of  trees.  The  forest  at 
this  depth,  of  course,  has  never  been  touched  by 
woodcutters,  as  for  convenience  in  getting  their  timber 
out  they  have  to  confine  their  operations  to  the  banks 
of  the  river  and  creeks,  rarely  going  in  more  than  a 
mile  or  two." 

The  balata  collector's  life  is  described  as  a  very 
hard  one,  as  the  ground  is  not  only  swampy,  but  often 
up  to  the  armpils  in  water  ;  moreover,  they  are  often 
badly  clad  and  short  of  food,  they  consequently  suffer 
much  from  rheumatic  affections. 

The  trees  are  tapped  either  standing  or  after  fell- 
ing. In  the  former  position  gashes  are  made  through 
the  bark  in  a  slanting  manner,  meeting  each  other  hall 
way  across,  so  that  the  milk  trickles  from  one  channel 
into  the  other  till  it  is  received  into  a  calabash  placed 
beneath  the  lowest  gash  to  receive  it.  Tapping  the 
trees  is  often  done  in  a  very  careless  manner,  and  the 
trees  much  injured  in  the  process. 

The  yield  of  the  tree  varies  considerably,  according 
to  circumstances.  Sometimes  three  pints  of  milk 
only  are  obtained  in  the  course  of  a  day,  while  at 
other  times,  and  by  a  practised  band,  as  much  as 
5  gallons  can  be  procured. 

To  dry  the  milk  it  is  poured  into  shallow  wooden 
trays  and  exposed  to  as  much  air  as  possible,  as  well 
as  to  the  sun's  influence.  It  is,  however,  a  slow  and 
tedious  operation.  Mr.  Jenman  remarks  that  some 
quicker  system  of  evaporation  than  that  at  present 
practised  is  very  desirable. 

With  trees  of  so  valuable  a  character  as  that  yield- 
ing balata  it  is  most  important  that  very  great  care 
should  be  taken  of  them,  and  means  adopted  rather 
to  increase  than  diminish  their  numbers.  The  ruth- 
less felling  of  trees  is,  therefore,  to  be  condemned,  as 
well  as  the  careless  tapping  from  which  the  tree 
receives  mortal  injury.  Mr.  Jenman  justly  says  : — 
"The  forests  should  be  so  worked  that  the  fullest 
measure  of  present  benefit  could  be  taken  from  them 
without  impairing  in  any  degree  their  future  value." 
The   report   concludes   with  some  considerations   or 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


213 


suggestions  on  the  better  conservation  of  the  forests, 
some  of  the  remarks  on  which  might  be  almost 
equally  applied  to  trees  other  than  those  furnishing 
balata. 


SHUTTER-BAR      SYSTEM      OF 
GLAZING. 

Our  illustration  (fig.  48)  is  that  of  an  elegant  con- 
servatory, standing  in  the  South  Promenade,  Inven- 
tions Exhibition.  The  house  seems  adapted  by  its 
construction  to  stand  in  a  sheltered  spot  in  a  garden, 
but  scarcely  to  weather  the  rough  usage  of  an  exposed 
site.  This  applies  only  to  that  particular  style  of 
work,  but  doubtless  the  makers,  Arthur  Dashwood 
&  Co.,  would  put  up  conservatories  and  other  glass- 
houses strong  enough  to  fit  them  for  any  situation. 

These  gentlemen  have  several  points  in  the  matter 
of  glazing  which  offer  marked  advantages  to  the  cul- 
tivator. By  means  of  what  is  called  a  shutter-bar, 
fitted  with  perforations,  the  moisture  collected  on  the 
inside  of  the  glass  is  deposited  on  the  outside  of  the 
pane  below  it,  and  so  on  till  the  gutter  is  reached  ; 
while  on  the  outside  there  is  no  accumulation  of  diit 
or  lodgement  for  water,  as  in  some  horizontal  glazing. 


reach  from  3  to  4  lb.  The  berries  were  above  the 
average  in  size,  perfectly  black,  and  well  covered 
with  bloom. 

The  next  house  on  the  same  line  of  wall  is  7°  feet 
long,  and  is  filled  with  one  Vine  bearing  a  crop 
similar  in  finish  to  that  of  the  big  house,  the  bunches 
averaging  considerably  more  in  weight.  Like  the 
preceding  this  Vine  has  seven  rods  running  from  end 
to  end  of  the  house.  The  Vine  in  question  affords 
one  amongst  the  many  instances  that  have  occurred, 
showing  the  effects  that  arise  from  one  part  of  the 
head  being  in  a  lower  temperature  than  the  rest  is 
subjected  to — such,  for  instance,  as  sometimes  seen 
where  one  or  more  rods  of  a  Vine  have  been  taken 
into  a  housti  where  forcing  has  been  going  on,  with 
other  canes  in  an  adjoining  house  kept  cool,  conse- 
quent on  which  the  crop  on  the  forced  part  of  the 
head  is  ripe,  whilst  on  the  remainder  that  is  cool  it 
is  yet  quite  green.  The  case  under  notice  is  some- 
what different.  This  house  is  separated  from  the  large 
vinery  already  described  by  a  passage  that  leads  into 
the  walled  garden  in  which  these  vineries  are  situated 
— the  passage  is  boarded  overhead,  with  a  glazed 
roof  above,  similar  to  and  in  continuation  of  the  range. 
The  Vine   which  fills  the  70  feet  house  is  planted 


time  are  to  be  retained.  To  let  these  get  the  light  and 
sun  they  require  only  four  canes  are  allowed  to 
this  Vine,  three  running  on  the  lower  part  of 
the  roof  above  the  front  wall,  and  one  under 
the  ridge.  The  Vine  enters  the  [house  at  one 
end,  and  the  rods  have  traversed  about  70  feet  of 
their  journey  ;  the  aspect  is  nearly  east.  At  the  oppo- 
site end  of  this  range,  leading  from  the  big  house  first 
noticed,  there  is  a  lean-to  range  of  wider  houses,  with 
about  20  feet  length  of  rafter.  The  first  of  these  is 
70  feet  long,  and  is  now  occupied  by  strong  Black 
Hamburgh  Vines,  with  two  or  three  rods  each,  carry- 
ing, as  they  have  done  for  years,  a  heavy  crop.  This 
house  is  also  to  be  devoted  to  one  Vine.  Against 
the  back  wall  at  the  adjoining  end  of  the  big  house  is 
a  very  strong  Black  Hamburgh,  several  canes  from 
which  have  been  taken  through  the  division  wall  ; 
these  also  are  to  run  lengthways  from  one  end  of  the 
house  to  the  other.  Some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the 
vigour  this  Vine  has  in  it  by  the  fact  that  some  of  the 
rods  had  by  the  middle  of  July  made  34  feet  of  growth, 
and  proportionately  thick. 

Large  houses  filled  with  single  Vines  are  sometimes 
compared  to  big  ships,  wherein  if  anything  happens  to 
the  proportionately  big  cargo   it  becomes  a  serious 


F115.    48.— AN    EXAMPLE  OF   SHUTTER-IIAR    GLAZING. 


Another  improvement  is  a  continuous  spring,  running 
the  whole  length  of  each  row  of  glass,  in  that  way 
securing  the  glass  effectually  in  stormy  weather.  The 
long  edges  of  the  panes  are  secured  by  what  is  called 
a  subsidiary  or  bedding  bar,  thereby  attaining  freedom 
from  leakage,  and  the  avoidance  of  the  unsightliness 
of  edge-to-edge  glazing,  and  damage  from  expansion 
of  the  panes  under  heat.  The  glass  is  easily  removable, 
and  the  ventilation  is  secured  at  the  sides  and  roof  by 
very  simple  applications  of  the  screw  and  the  lever. 


GRAPES     AND      PEACHES     AT 

MANRESA  HOUSE,  ROEHAMPTON. 

The  large  Black  Hamburgh  Vine  at  this  place, 
which  has  before  been  noticd  in  the  columns  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  now  fills  the  house  built  for  it, 
224  feet  long  ;  its  seven  long  canes  stretching  the 
entire  length  of  the  house.  When  the  fruit  was  ripe 
this  season,  at  the  middle  of  July,  the  Vine  presented 
a  sight  such  as  might,  we  think,  challenge  the  whole 
annals  of  Grape  growing  to  surpass.  Seen  from  either 
end  of  the  house,  the  rows  of  bunches  arranged  in 
longitudinal  lines,  as  straight  as  the  rods  that  bore 
them,  had  a  remarkable  appearance  ;  they  were  750 
in  number,  ranging  from  the  smallest,  about  a  pound 
each,  up  to  the  largest,  a  good  many  of  which  would 


within  the  big  vinery  at  the  opposite  side  of  the 
passage,  and  the  canes  are  brought  over  it  through 
the  enclosure  formed  by  the  boarding  over  the  said 
passage  and  the  glazed  roof  above.  As  a  matter  of 
course  the  hot-water  pipes  in  each  vinery  can  only 
come  up  to  the  ends  of  the  houses,  doing  little  to  warm 
the  enclosed  space  above  through  which  the  rods  are 
brought,  consequently  the  bunches  within  this 
space  had  not  finished  swelling,  and  were  quite  green, 
whilst  the  crop  further  ahead  within  the  house  was 
just  on  being  ripe.  Here  is  a  case  in  which  the  stem 
of  a  Vine  is  located  in  a  house  where  heat  is  used, 
and  the  head  in  another  house  similarly  heated,  but 
with  an  intervening  part  of  the  rods  passing  through 
a  space  that  is  much  colder,  yet  without  the  least 
derangement  in  the  growth  or  crop.  Such  instances 
as  this  show  how  baseless  is  the  notion  that  the  whole 
of  a  Vine,  roots  and  head  alike,  require  to  be  in  a 
similar  temperature. 

The  third  house,  in  continuation  of  this  straight 
run  of  wall,  is  154  feet  long,  and,  like  the  two  pre- 
ceding, is  about  1 1  feet  wide  ;  each  house  has  a  low 
front  wall.  In  each  case  the  length  of  rafter  is  some 
13  feet  6  inches  to  the  ridge,  with  3  feet  hip-lights. 
The  wall  against  which  they  are  built  is  about  12  feet 
high  ;  the  portion  which  forms  the  back  to  the  house 
now  being  described  is  covered  with  a  fine  lot  of 
Peach  trees  in  excellent  condition,   which  for  some 


matter.  The  question  might  be  asked.  What  is  Mr. 
Davis  object  in  filling  houses  like  these  with  one 
Vine  each  ?  Before  giving  his  reason  for  following 
his  course  it  may  be  well  to  say  a  word  about  the 
origin  of  these  Vines,  which  are  all  Black  Hamburghs. 
They  were  planted  twenty-two  years  since  by  Mr, 
Davis  against  the  wall  where  they  now  stand,  and 
which  at  that  time  were  uncovered  and  happened  to 
afford  a  little  space.  The  object  in  planting  them  was  to 
grow  leaves  for  garnishing,  so  as  not  to  have  any  to 
take  off  the  bearing  Vines  in  the  houses.  There 
was  no  preparation  of  any  kind  made,  but  the  roots 
had  the  unrestricted  run  of  the  garden  ;  they  grew 
away  vigorously,  showing  an  ability  to  cover  a  large 
space.  The  idea  then  occurred  that  it  might  be  worth 
while  to  build  a  house  for  the  strongest  one,  which  was 
accordingly  done.  It  bore  so  well,  and  finished  the 
crop  up  so  exceptionally,  that  the  house  was  extended 
to  its  present  size.  After  this,  each  year  heavy  crops 
continued  to  be  taken  from  it,  yet,  with  similar  treat- 
ment in  every  way  to  that  which  was  given  to  other 
Black  Hamburgh  Vines  in  several  other  ordinary-sized 
houses  on  the  place  ;  the  colour  continues  to  be  always 
some  shades  deeper  than  that  of  the  others.  The  re- 
sult is  that  each  of  these  Vines  has  now  virtually  got 
a  house  to  itself.  Nothing  will  be  wanting  in 
attention  to  get  the  whole  space  filled  by  the  two 
that  do  not  yet  occupy  all   the   room   provided   for 


2  14 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  15,  1885. 


ill- 111.  The  space  inaide  ihe  hou^e  allotted  to  the 
biggest  Vine  gets  frequent  soakings  of  liquid  manure 
through  the  growing  season,  and  openings  are  now  to 
be  made  in  the  back  wall  to  let  the  roots  out  in  this 
direction,  where  liberal  help  will  be  given  them.  In 
front  the  roots  have  stretched  out  into  a  quarter  of  ihe 
garden  planted  with  t!urrants  ;  these  Mr.  Davis  ii 
about  to  remove,  fo  as  to  be  able  to  encourage  the 
Vine  roots  here  without  anything  in  the  way  of  a  dual 
occupation  of  the  soil. 

In  the  early  Peach-house,  now  tilled  with  trees  that 
have  taken  the  place  of  the  big  old  Grosse  Mignonne, 
that  may  be  set  down  as  the  King  of  I'each  trees,  the 
fruit  had  been  cleared  some  lime.  In  the  larger 
house  that  succeeds  this,  the  crop  was  also  over. 
This  house  contains  half-a-dozcn  good  trees — five 
Peaches  and  a  Nectarine  ;  from  these  17S  dozen  fruits 
were  taken  this  year.  Nothing  in  their  way  could  be 
more  satisfactory  than  the  condition  of  these  trees, 
with  wood  as  strong  as  can  be  relied  on  to  bear,  and 
the  leaves  still  as  green  and  free  from  the  appearance 
of  insects  as  possible. 

Outdoor  Peaches. 
The  south  Peach  wall  here  is  one  of  the  best  we 
know  of,  covered,  as  it  is,  with  a  number  of  trees  in 
the  best  condition.  They  are  this  year,  as  usual, 
carrying  a  crop  such  as  nothing  short  of  careful  atten- 
tion would  enable  them  to  bring  up  to  the  requisite 
size.  The  east  wall,  which  is  something  like  the  pre- 
ceding in  extent,  is  occupied  by  twelve  or  fourteen 
good  trees,  similar  in  condition  to  those  on  the  south 
wall  ;  but  here  the  crop  is  thinner  through  the 
continued  norih-east  winds  in  spring,  which  caused 
a  good  deal  of  dropping.  On  this  aspect  here 
Princess  of  Wales  I'each  seems  to  bear  no  matter 
what  the  weather  during  spring  may  be.  This 
season  it  is  as  full  of  fruit  as  the  trees  on  the  south 
wall.  O.ieof  the  main  points  in  Mr.  Davis' success  in 
Peach  cultivation,  out-of-doors  especially,  has  hitherto 
consisted  in  a  constant  use  of  the  garden  engine, 
with  enough  moisture  at  the  roots  in  addition.  He 
has  now  got  the  water  laid  on  all  round  in  front  of 
the  wall,  so  as  to  be  able  to  use  the  hose-pipe  freely. 
If  provision  of  this  kind  existed  in  all  gardens  where 
it  might  be  introduced  half  the  failures  in  Peach 
culture  that  occur  would  not  be  likely  to  lake  place. 
Syringes  and  garden  engines  are  useful  appliances, 
an  1  in  the  absence  of  a  supply  of  water  with  pressure 
must  be  employed,  but  their  use  entails  more  labour 
than  is  at  all  times  available,  hence  the  trees  have 
often  to  go  short  of  the  needful  quantity  to  top  and 
roots  alike. 


ORCHIDS    FOR   AMATEURS. 

{i\;Uinucd /,om /,.  167) 

L.c'.ia  a-is/^a,  l^lchb.  f.  (Calllcya  ciisj>a,  Lindl.).— 
This  plant  is  quite  distinct  in  habit,  colour  of  foliage 
and  flowers,  although  it  has  a  close  relationship  with 
the  four  species  of  L:ulia  described  in  my  last  paper. 
Like  L  purpurata  it  is  a  native  of  IJr.i/.il,  anil  was  one 
of  the  first  Lailias  introduced.  It  is  a  very  variable 
plant,  and  one  which  is  not  often  well  grown.  In  my 
experience  it  is  not  easy  to  manage  by  any  means, 
and  it  is  sometimes  years  before  it  flowers.  It  is  apt 
to  become  sickly,  and  is  very  liable  to  mealy-bug. 
I  believe  it  requires  more  heat  than  ihe  nujority  of 
La;Iias,  although  this  h.^s  been  denied.  I  have  tried 
this  plant  under  varied  conditions,  but  have  not  had 
any  great  success.  The  pale  green  natural  to  the 
whole  plant  indicates  a  deficiency  of  chlorophyll, 
and  is  perhaps  an  indication  th.il  it  should  have  a 
full  allowance  of  sunlight.  The  llowers  are  pure 
while  except  that  the  lip  is  veined  with  purple  or 
crimson.  As  its  name  implies,  the  pelals  and  sepals 
are  strongly  crisped  or  crimped  round  the  edges. 
Some  of  its  varieties  are  equal  in  beauty  to  anything 
in  cultivation,  but  there  are  so  many  with  poor 
flowers,  and  it  so  seldom  blossoms,  that  it  is  not  in 
very  great  demand.  Even  specimen  plants  have 
lately  been  sold  for  very  small  sums.  A  good  variety 
is,  however,  a  valuable  acquisition. 

/,.  2\niiii.—A  ISrazili.an  species,  which  flowers 
freely.  It  is  a  medium-sized  and  vigorous  plant, 
having  a  very  distinct  habit.  It  has  large  pscudobulbs 
supported  on  a  stalk-like  stem  ;  each  bulb  is  sur- 
rounded by  five  brown  or  purple  scales,  and  bears  a 
long  purple  or  dark  green  coriaceous  leaf.  Some- 
times a  second  shorter  leaf  is  also  developed.  The 
flowers  are  from  3  to  4  inches  across,  and  from  three 


to  five  in  number,  supported  on  a  stout  peduncle, 
surrounded  by  a  great  green  spathe,  spotted  or  edged 
with  deep  purple.  The  petals  and  sepals  are  rose  or 
lilac,  the  labellum  is  narrow,  with  a  pointed  median 
lobe.  The  labellum  is  brighter  Ihan  the  rest  of  the 
flower,  and  edged  wiih  a  deep  band  of  ciimson  or 
purple.  It  flowers  in  October  or  November,  and 
does  well  in  the  coolest  part  of  the  Cattleya-house. 

L  .\,ui//iiiia. —Aho  a  native  of  Brazil.  It  has  the 
habit  of  Ca'tleya  Mossin:  The  flowers  are  ochra- 
ceous,  yellow,  with  a  bright  yellow  lip,  bordered  wiih 
while,  and  ornamented  with  crimson  lidges  in  the 
throat. 

/.  .i.viiH,//f  is  a  closely  allied  but  very  rare  specie;, 
from  Bahia.  It  is  distinguished  by  a  white  labellum 
striped  with  longitudinal  purple  lines  in  the  throat. 
All  the  above  species  of  Loslia  form  a  very  well  de- 
fined group  which  may  be  said  to  represent  the 
Labiala  section  of  the  genus  Catlleya.  Two  other 
well  marked  groups  or  sections  occur  in  Brazil.  One 
with  long  cylindrical  pseudobulbs  which  may  be  said 
to  represent  the  Caltleyas  wiih  cylindrical  bulbs  ;  the 
other  a  small  group  of  dwarf  plants  with  long  ovoid 
pseudobulbs,  never  exceeding  2  or  3  inches  in  length. 
The  first  contains  Liv'ia  clnnabarina  and  its  allies,  the 
second  L   pumila,  L.  prxslans,  and  L.  Dayana. 

Z.  liuiialiarina. —Thh  plant  was  introduced  in 
1836,  and  is  therefore  one  of  the  old-fashioned  kind--. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  Organ  Mountains.  The  pseudo- 
bulbs are  thickened  at  their  base  and  gradually  taper 
upwards,  and  each  bears  one  or  two  strong  coriaceous 
leaves.  The  flowers  are  nearly  2  inches  in  diameter, 
six  or  more  on  each  peduncle  which  grows  from  a 
small  bract.  The  petals  and  sepals  are  narrow,  of  a 
bright  orange  or  cinnabarred  colour.  The  lip  is 
orange  streaked  wiih  diverging  vermilion  lines.  This 
plant  is  diflicull  to  grow  and  flower  unless  it 
is  treated  very  dilTerently  to  its  congeners.  In  its 
n.ative  country  it  grows  on  barren  rocks  near  ciacks 
filled  with  sand,  into  which  it  sends  its  roots.  I 
grow  it  in  a  mixture  of  ballast  (burnt  clay)  and  sand, 
and  in  this  it  does  very  well.  A  plant  which  I 
thought  dead  quickly  recovered  when  so  planted,  and 
is  now  doing  well.  L.  cinnabarina  needs  a  free 
supply  of  air  and  a  moderate  supply  of  water.  The 
roots  cling  firmly  to  the  ballast,  and  penetrate  the 
sand  deeply. 

/,.  har/'o/'liylla  is  allied  to  the  last.  It  diflfers  in 
having  longcylindrical  pseudobulbs,  I  foot  or  15  inches 
long,  without  the  expanded  base.  Eich  bears  a 
spear-shaped  leaf,  from  whence  the  name.  The 
flowers  ate  similar  to  those  of  I-.  cinnabarina,  but  are 
larger  and  more  brightly  coloured.  I  do  not  know 
whether  it  would  grow  in  sand.  Ii  is  much  esteemed, 
and  is  a  comparalively  recent  introduction.  It  is 
also  a  native  of  Brazil. 

The  last  scclinn  of  Brazilian  Lselias  consists  of  the 
dwarf  forms.  These  plants  resemble  each  other 
closely  in  habit,  and  may  at  once  be  recognised  1  y 
their  small  pseudobulbs  and  large  coriaceous  leaves, 
three  or  four  times  as  long  as  the  bulbs. 

L.  f'umt'/ii,  also  known  as  C'attlcya  margliiata, — 
The  flowers  of  this  little  plant  are  solitary,  and 
measure  3  inches  or  more  across.  The  colour  is  pink  ; 
the  median  lobe  of  the  labellum  is  deeply  notched, 
and  h,is  a  while  border,  v\'hich  in  the  best  varieties  is 
broad  and  well  marked. 

L.  /'1,,-s/aiis  has  larger,  flatter,  and  more  waxy 
flowers  Ihan  the  preceding,  with  which  it  is  easily 
confounded.  It  has  a  much  broader  column,  dis- 
tinctly winged  towards  its  summit.     It  is  a  rare  plant. 

L.  Dayatta.  —  \  comparatively  recent  introduction, 
distinguished  by  its  free  growth  and  very  floriferous 
habit.  T'  e  flowers  are  somewhat  smaller  Ihan  those 
of  L.  pumila  ;  they  are  more  brightly  coloured,  and 
the  lip  is  deep  crimson,  wiih  broad  crimson  lines 
extending  back  into  the  throat  of  the  labellum.  The 
flowers  of  some  varieties  do  not  open  fully,  but  remain 
campanulale.  The  three  last  species  all  do  well  in 
Ihe  Mexican-house,  and  require  much  air.  They  also 
flower  twice  a  year  from  the  young  shoots,  which  are 
formed  in  spring  .and  autumn.  The  autumn  flowers 
are  usually  the  best.  L.  Dayana  flowers  much  more 
freely  than  the  other  two. 

Me.\ican  L.elias. 

The  Mexican  species  of  La;lia  dilTer  considerably 
from  the  Brazilian  species.  They  may  be  grouped  in 
four  very  distinct  groups,  of  which  L.  anceps,  L. 
albida,  L.  erubescens,  and  L.  majalis  may  be  regarded 
as  types. 

L.  aiht'j's  is  the  only  species  of  the  anceps  group. 


It  is  very  distinct,  and  is  also  a  most  charming  plant. 
It  is  easy  to  grow  and  fl  iwer  when  properly  treated, 
but  it  is  very  difficult  to  deal  wiih  it  under  fauliy 
management.  Like  all  Mexican  L.Tjlias  it  is  a  moun- 
tain plant,  and  cannot  stand  heat  or  close  air.  In 
roots  are  also  easily  destroyed  by  excess  of  moisture  ; 
whilst  its  leaves  sufl'er  much  in  a  dry  atmosphere — 
indeed,  they  must  be  frequently  syringed  during  the 
growing  period.  If  the  leaves  are  not  wetted  well 
two  or  three  times  a  day  ihe  gummy  secretion  on  the 
scales  and  bracts  becomes  dry,  the  plant  becomes 
diseased,  and  thrips  attack  ii.  Af;er  Ihe  flowers 
open  water  should  be  eniirely  withheld  until  the  new 
growth  makes  its  appearance  in  the  spiing.  A  dis- 
tinct and  decided  winter  rest  is  absolutely  essential  to 
success.  The  pseudobulbs  of  L.  anceps  are  four-sided, 
with  two  acute  and  two  obtuse  angles— hence  the  name, 
which  means  "  double  edged."  The  bulbs  are  sur- 
mounted by  a  single  dark  green  glistening  lea''.  The 
young  bulbs  and  shoots  are  enclosed  in  a  sheath  of 
very  gummy  scales.  The  flower  scape  is  very  long, 
and  bears  a  double  row  of  sheathing  bracts  at  its  ex- 
tremity, from  the  axils  of  which  the  flowers  are 
developed.  The  brads  are  covered  wiih  a  gummy 
secretion.  The  flowers,  three  or  four  in  number, 
are  3  inches  or  more  in  d  ameter.  They  are  very  flat, 
the  sepals  and  pelals  are  sharply  pointed,  and  of  a 
rose  or  violet  colour.  The  labellum  is  three  lobed,  the 
lateral  lobes  rolled  up  over  the  column.  Tne  terminal 
lo'je  is  bright  crimson  towards  its  edge,  and  yellow 
veined  with  crimson  streaks  towards  the  centre  of  the 
fljwer.  Several  magnificent  varieties  are  recognised, 
of  which  the  best  are — 

L,  anceps  Daiasoiii,  which  has  very  large  white 
flowers  with  purple  radial ing  striae  on  the  lateral 
lobes  of  the  labellum,  a  yellow  throat,  and  a  broad 
purple  band  between  the  white  base  and  margin  of 
the  terminal  lobe.     It  is  very  rare. 

L.  aucej's  Baikciiana  has  rose-coloured  sepals 
and  petals  marbled  with  a  deeper  rose. 

L.  ancips  dclicata  hi5  white  flowers  veined  with 
rose-purple,  and  a  white  labellum  shaded  with  violet, 
with  a  brilliant  orange-coloured  throat.   B.  T.  L, 

[To  Ic  continiiCii,) 


FEEDING   OF   PLANTS. 

As  ihe  food  of  plants  existing  in  soils  is  subject  to 
distribution,  and  does  not  remain  in  solution  for  any 
length  of  time,  it  is  evident  that  there  cannot  be  a 
circulation  of  such  food  towards  the  growing  pbnt, 
but  the  roots  of  the  latter  must  go  in  search  of 
nourishment. 

When  we  consider  the  vast  root  surface  in  the  case 
of  a  Vine,  and  that  myriads  of  rootlets  and  root-hairs 
unite  their  action  to  feed  the  comparalively  narrow 
stem,  we  can  understand  the  importance  to  the  gar- 
dener of  studying  the  ramification  of  the  roots  of  all 
the  various  species  of  plants  he  cultivates  in  order  to 
adapt  his  system  of  manuring  to  the  feeding  capacities 
of  these  plants. 

Plant-roots  may  be  considered  in  three  distinct 
stages  of  growth,  namely,  in  their  primary  develop- 
ment, their  stage  of  ramification,  and  their  enlarge- 
ment in  receptacles  of  nutriment. 

Supposing,  then,  moisture,  warmth,  and  air,  to 
be  ready  in  their  proper  measure,  the  water 
is  absorbed  by  Ihe  substance  of  the  embryo  of 
the  seed,  dissolving  its  contents,  carrying  them 
into  the  young  plant  as  rapidly  as  they  are  required  ; 
in  fact,  the  seed  may  be  considered  as  a  miniature 
laboratory,  in  which  numerous  chemical  actions  are 
taking  place  for  the  nourishment  and  development  of 
the  young  growing  plant. 

As  the  radicle  breaks  its  bonds  from  the  mother 
seed  it  will  be  nourished  and  fed  after  a  short  lime 
directly  from  substances  existing  in  the  soil,  and  will 
profit  very  indiieclly  by  any  nulrilive  matters  which 
may  yet  remain  in  the  seed  itself. 

So  important  to  the  future  welfare  of  the  plant  is 
the  addition  of  elements  which  can  be  obtained  from 
the  soil  only,  even  in  the  earliest  stages  of  growth, 
that  before  any  secondary  rootlet  is  produced  ihe 
young  radicle  in  many  cases  pushes  out  from  its  super- 
ficial cells  a  mass  of  delicate  fibrils,  every  one  of 
which  is  employed  in  active  food-absorption  ;  there- 
fore, while  the  first  wants  of  the  young  plant  depend 
directly  upon  seed  nutrition,  it  must  never  be  for- 
gotten by  the  gardener  that  this  supply  lasts  for  a 
short  time  only,  and  that  Ihe  ultimate  vigour  and 
productiveness  of  the  plant  must  depend  upon  the 


Ai-fU'sT  13,    1SS5  ] 


■THE     GARDLLNliRS'    CHRONICLE. 


215 


feitilily  ol  the  soil  ;  conscqaently,  for  the  successful 
raising  of  any  plant  from  very  minute  seeds,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  that  suitable  food  should  be 
within  easy  reach  of  the  delicate  and  small  roots,  and 
also  in  an  extremely  soluble  condition.  Thus  we  find 
pounded  rape-cake,  soot,  or  a  moderate  dressing  (io 
to  20  lb.  per  square  yard)  of  superphosphate  among 
the  very  best  materials  for  manurial  applications  lo 
soils  when  it  is  required  to  raise  a  crop  of  heaUhy 
young  plants  in  a  short  period  of  lime. 

It  is,  however,  a  great  mistake  to  suppose  that 
because  plants  are  often  grown  without  a  direct 
supply  of  nitrogen  in  manures  they  are  not  dependent 
upon  this  substance  for  their  very  life  and  sustenance. 
Those  gardeners  who  do  not  apply  manurial  dressings 
with  their  seed  depend  naturally  upon  the  store  of 
nitrogenous  plant-food  in  the  soil.  Many  a  plant 
wliich  looks  vigorous  enough  on  its  first  appearance 
aboveground  soon  wears  a  sotry  aspect  when  the 
food-supply  is  deficient  or  of  the  wrong  kind. 

Nowhere  is  this  fact  belter  exemplified  than  in  the 
expensive  experiments  at  Kothamsted,  where  the 
conditions  as  to  sources  of  nutriment  and  disenlegra- 
tion  of  the  soil  by  root  development  are  so  various. 
In  early  spring  each  description  of  plant  experimented 
with,  whatever  may  be  its  character  or  its  manuiial 
supply,  starts  much  alike  ;  there  is  but  lidle  dilference 
to  be  discerned  between  one  plot  and  another;  veiy 
soon,  however,  those  without  any  manure  at  all 
be^in  to  show  signs  of  weakness,  then  the  imperfectly 
manured  plots  lag  behind,  while  those  receiving  a 
full  supply  of  all  the  necessary  ingredients  of  plant- 
Iifc— puiash,  phosphoric  acid,  lime,  and  nitrogen  — 
advance  steadily  on  to  perfection. 

This  is  further  illustrated  by  the  following  table, 
which  shows  the  average  annual  produce  of  varitms 
crops,  and  the  increase  obtained  by  different  manuK^. 
Th;  quanlitiss  are  in  pjundi  per  acre  :  — 


i-: 

<ii 

M 

f  Crop. 

11 
u 

-a  ,,. 

=  « 

"- 

n 

■s. 

I.b. 

Lb. 

I.h, 

T,l.. 

1.1.. 

I'roducc . . 

S,2o8 

8,246 

7,166 

16,450 

io,.t86 

Increase  . 

3.038 

.,960 

11,242 

5.278 

Produce . , 

1,232 

5,824 

2,128 

".424 

13,888 

Increase.. 

....    1    4i592 

896 

10,192 

12,656 

Produce.. 

9,632    11,312 

'9,792 

43.456 

3'. 584 

Increase.. 

2.492 

20,160 

3.9-= 

33.824 
6,384 

21,952 

Produce . . 

2,380 

4.662 

Incrca.«.. 

....  :   .12  1,582 

4,004 

2,282 

bh  all 
:cls 
of 


'ilh 


We  gather  from  these  results  that  while  a  certain 
amount  of  increase  of  crop  is  obtained  when  super- 
phosphate, which  supplies  to  the  plant  phosphoric 
acid  and  lime,  or  when  nitrate  of  soda,  which  fur- 
nishes soda  and  nitrogen,  it  is  not  until  the  com- 
plete fertiliser  (minerals  and  nitrate  soda),  which 
supplies  phosphoric  acid,  potash,  lime,  soda  and 
nitrogen  combined,  is  given  that  a  full  crop  is 
harvested.  This  is  further  illustrated  by  the  f.-ict 
that  farmyard  dung,  which  is  supposed  to  furni 
the  essential  elements  of  plant  food — but  the 
of  which  are  spread  over  a  considerable  nun 
years — rarely  yields  so  much  produce  as  the  rr 
and  nitrate  soda  together,  the  latter  being  so 
more  easily  assimilated  by  the  growing  plants. 

The  next  question  which  arises  in  conneclic 
plant-roots  is  the  power  they  have  in  the  selection  of 
their  food. 

That  they  have  some  is  apparent  from  the  fact  that 
ditferent  species  of  plants  in  the  same  soil  will 
appropriate  different  quantities  of  chemical  ingre- 
dients, and  that  some  exhaust  the  soil  more  rapidly 
than  others. 

Fibrous  roots  have  frequently  enormous  power  of 
penetration,  which  enables  them  to  search  for  food  at 
great  depths.  This  property  sometimes  becomes  a 
serious  evil  jf  the  subsoil  does  not  contain  the 
particular  ingredients  required  by  the  plant.  In  the 
orchard  many  a  fruit  tree  thrives  so  long  as  the 
roots  are  superficial  ;  but  when  they  penetrate  deeper, 
nutriment,  either  insufficient  or  of  an  improper  cha- 
racter, is  absorbed,  vitality  is  impaired,  and  various 
forms  of  canker  and  unproductiveness  are  the  con- 
sequences. 

One  great  end  attained   by  pressing   the  ground  of 


light  soils  before  or  immediately  after  setting  out 
plants,  or  sowing  seeds,  is  to  encourage  lateral  roo"t- 
lets  as  much  as  possible,  that  they  may  avail  them- 
selves of  the  more  abundant  and  more  suitable  food 
constituents  accumulated  in  ihe  surface  soil. 

The  third  stage  to  be  considered  in  the  feeding  of 
plants  and  root  development  is,  that  many  roots 
become  reservoirs  of  nutriment  for  future  use.  Roots 
vary  considerably  in  character  :  some  penetrate  deeply, 
remaining  fibrous  and  thread-like  to  the  end  ;  some 
throw  out  laterals,  and  luxuriate  in  the  surface  soil ; 
some  merely  absorb  the  necessary  daily  lood,  while 
others,  as  Asparagus,  Turnips,  Carrots,  Parsnips, 
&c.,  devote  certain  of  their  parts  or  ramifications  to 
the  especial  Vffice  of  storing  up  nutritive  mailers, 
often  in  enormous  quantity,  and  in  great  rapidity. 
All  underground  plant  ramificaiions  which  serve  as 
storehouses  are,  however,  not  to  be  included  in  the 
same  category.  The  bulb  of  the  Onion,  the  Leek, 
the  Tulip,  the  Hyacinth,  or  the  tuber  of  the  Potato, 
&c.,  though  answering  to  the  same  end,  are  either 
fuinished  by  the  base  of  the  leaves,  or  are  under- 
ground stems. 

In  certain  biennial  plants  there  is  a  strong  dispo- 
sition to  deposit  stores  of  nutriment  for  the  perfection 
of  seed  in  the  ensuing  year,  while  in  the  case  of  peren- 
nials and  in  some  Orchids  a  special  part  is  devoted  to 
this  purpose. 

In  fruit  trees  the  deposit  often  takes  place  in  the 
bark  and  branchess,  hence  the  necessity  of  rest,  and 
the  notorious  fact  that  many  trees  will  bear  a  crop 
only  in  alternate  years.  Doubtless  this,  which  is  the 
result  of  exhaustion  to  a  very  great  extent,  might  be 
obviated  if  proper  feeding  with  nitrogen,  potash,  and 
phosphoric  acid  wertf  adopted,  y.  y.  IV. 


j4o|VIE     ^0RRE3P0]^DEJ^CE. 


The  Wholesale  Destruction  of  Caterpillars, 

&c.  — May  I  be  permitted  to  suggest  that  Mrs. 
VVatney  is  perhaps  rather  too  sweeping  in  her  recom- 
mendation {Gardeners^  Chjonicle^  Aug.  l)  that  ail 
caterpillars  and  chrys.ilids  should,  without  exceplion, 
be  destroyed  when  found  ?  Any  one  who  has  the 
smallest  knowledge  of  entomology  must  know  that 
the  number  of  species  of  insects  which  inflict  any 
really  serious  damage  upon  plants  cultivated  by  man 
is,  comparatively  speaking,  by  no  means  great  ;  but 
Mrs,  Watney's  advice,  if  taken  seriously,  would  lead 
to  the  destruction  of  individuals  or  families  of  very 
many  of  our  most  beautiful  lepidoptera— ir.i,'.,  the 
caterpillars  of  the  peacock  and  llie  small  tortoise  fetd 
(often  in  large  numbers)  on  the  Nettle,  and  do  no 
harm  wh.itever  to  the  plants  useful  to  man.  I  could 
instance  scores  of  like  cases,  but  these  may  suffice. 
Why,  I  would  ask,  seek  to  diminish  the  number  of 
these  creatures,  the  most  beautiful  which  inhabit  our 
gardens  and  woods  ?  Many  a  lubberly  boy  may 
come  across  the  caterpillar  of  a  rare  and  beautiful 
moth  or  butteifly,  and  his  native  instinct  of  destruc- 
tion may  be  strengthened  by  Mrs.  Watney's  advice, 
read  out  to  him  by  his  father  over  the  breakfast-table. 
I  have  certain  Oaks  in  which  I  believe  the  Purple 
Emperor  to  breed  ;  I  should  not  be  at  all  gratified  by 
finding  that  some  boy,  inspired  by  Mrs.  Watney's 
teaching,  had  been  occupying  himself  in  smashing  the 
caterpillar  or  chrysalids.  The  place  where  I  live  is 
usually  somewhat  remarkable  for  the  quantity  of  but- 
terflies and  other  lepidopteta  (seme  of  them  by  no 
means  common)  which  are  to  be  seen.  This  year 
they  are  very  few,  comparatively  speaking  ;  there  are 
few  even  of  the  common  Cabbage  butterfly  about. 
Is  this  the  case  generally  in  England  ?  and  if  so, 
can  any  one  suggest  the  cause  ?  Jiissicunsis,  Uck/ielJ. 

Bedding  Pelargoniums.— A  charming  display  is 
now  being  made  by  a  selection  of  these  in  Messrs. 
Wood  &  Ingram's  branch  nursery,  at  St.  Neot's. 
They  occupy  long  narrow  beds  in  patches  according 
to  their  varieties,  and  growing  in  a  fairly  light  sandy 
soil  they  had  made  a  good,  bushy,  medium  growth, 
and  had  flowered  grandly.  I^ooking  upon  the  charm- 
ing picture  the  beds  presented,  one  was  made  fullyaware 
of  the  great  value  of  the  old  subject  as  a  bedding 
plant.  As  an  effective  bedder  nothing  can  beat 
Vesuvius.  It  appears  likely  to  hold  ils  own  for  years 
to  come.  The  deeply-marked  zonate  foliage  is  close 
and  compact,  and  rising  about  it  is  a  dense  even 
mass  of  bright  pale  orange-scarlet  flowers.     It  is  the 


veiy  icau  iJeal  oi  a  bedding  Pelargonium.  Near  it 
is  West  liiighton  Gem,  the  counterpart  of  Vesuvius, 
except  that  it  appears  to  be  of  dwarfer  and  closer 
growth,  and  the  flowers  of  a  slightly  softer  shade  of 
scarlet.  Both  are  invaluable  bedding  plants.  Henri 
Jacoby  is  clearly  at  the  head  of  the  crimson-flowered 
varieties  for  bedding  purposes  ;  the  habit  of  growth  is 
a  little  irregular,  but  this  is  almost  hidden  by  the 
number  of  very  fine  and  striking  trusses  of  dark  crimson 
flowers.  John  Gibbons  is  also  a  good  and  showy 
bedder,  the  flowers  deep  orange-scarlet,  and  so  forming 
a  good  contrast  io  the  varieties  already  named.  Of 
the  pink- flowered  varieties,  Master  Christine  holds  ils 
own  as  a  grower,  for  ils  wonderful  freedom  of  bloom, 
for  ils  persistence,  and  for  its  slift'  stocky  habit  of 
growth.  The  trusses  of  bloom  are  produced  on  such 
slitT  footstalks  as  to  defy  heavy  rains.  White  Clipper 
is  a  good  white  in  all  respects,  and  with  it  can  be 
bracketed  a  variety  named  lluntingdonian,  veiy  like 
While  Clipper  in  general  character,  but  having  some 
more  deeply  marked  coloured  veins  on  the  flowers, 
both  are  excellent  free  and  durable  bedders. 
Among  the  gold  and  bronze  section,  one  of  the  very 
best  is  Zulu,  of  a  dwarf  and  compact  habit  of  growth, 
ihe  leaves  marked  with  a  broad  lively  dark  bronze  or 
chestnut  zone.  In  the  soil  of  the  St  Neot's  Nursery, 
it  was  perfect  and  very  striking.  It  produces  soft 
salmon  coloured  flowers.  The  ^Id  Beauly  of  Calder- 
dale  was  particularly  attractive,  very  distinct  and 
bright— a  good  hot,  dry  weather  bedder,  showing  it- 
self in  admirable  character  in  a  light  soil.  Marechal 
iMcMahon  has  green  and  gold  leaves,  and  a  broad 
daik  zone,  excellent  habit,  and  very  free  ;  one  of  Ihe 
beit  bedders.  Black  Douglas  has  a  bold  chestnut 
zone  on  pale  golden  leaves  ;  a  good  grower,  and 
highly  effective.  All  the  foregoing  are  worthy  of 
being  noted  as  of  great  value  in  the  flower  garden. 
K.  D.  , 

Onion  Seed  Growing. — Some  of  the  best  pedi- 
gree stocks  of  Onions  have  been  sent  out  by  Mr. 
Uevcrill,  of  the  Koyal  Seed  Slores,  Banbury,  who  it 
is  well  known  devotes  the  greatest  possible  care  in 
the  selection  of  the  various  stocks  of  Onion  seed,  no 
expense  being  spared  in  testing  and  proving  the 
different  kinds  offered.  No  fewer  than  eighteen 
varieties  are  grown  this  year  for  exhibition  pur- 
poses on  ground  within  a  few  miles  of  Banbury. 
I  lately  inspected  a  plot  of  ground,  the  soil  of 
which  is  a  deep  loam,  planted  in  February  last  with 
six  or  seven  hundred  selected  bulbs  of  the  now 
famous  "  Kousham  Park  Hero,"  Onion,  many 
ol  the  bulbs  weighing  from  i  lb.  to  \h  lb.  each. 
These  were  jjlanted  in  rows  3  feet  apart,  and  1  foot 
from  bull)  10  bulb  ;  in  April  the  ground  was  top- 
dressed  with  Clay's  Fertiliser  (no  dung  having 
been  used  for  the  two  years),  and  well  hoed  in, 
and  in  May  moulded  up  twice,  like  Pota- 
tos,  which  is  undoubtedly  a  good  plan  to  keep 
out  the  drought.  The  result  thus  far  is  most  encour- 
aging. Many  of  these  bulbs  have  thrown  up  six, 
eight,  andj  nine  stalks  with  extraordinary  heads,  the 
like  of  which  I  have  never  witnessed  before.  They 
are  now  in  full  flower,  with  thousands  of  bees  among 
them,  thus  proving  that  the  Onion  (at  least  the  Onion 
blossom)  is  not  unsavoury  to  them.  Here  and  there 
in  the  plot  I  noticed  some  heads  carefully  tied  up  in 
muslin.  The  cause  of  this  I  was  informed  was  that 
there  were  in  a  few  instances  a  slight  dilTerence  in  the 
colour  of  the  pipes,  as  also  the  flower-heads,  and  the 
muslin  would  keep  the  bees  from  carrying  the  pollen 
to  others,  and  thus  do  mischief.  Hundreds  of  yards 
of  siring  and  hundreds  of  4feet  sticks  are  used,  and 
each  head  is  tied  that  it  may  not  rub  its  neighbour  ; 
in  fact,  it  could  be  plainly  seen  that  such  stocks  of 
Onions,  If  they  are  to  continue  to  carry  off  the  leading 
honours,  as  they  did  at  so  many  of  the  shows  last 
year,  cannot  be  produced  without  great  expense  and 
allenlion.  Many  of  our  leading  nurserymen  an  1 
seedsmen  have  specialties  from  which  they  are  known  : 
Mr.  Deverill's  speciality  is  Onions-culture.  I  might 
add  that  Mr.  Deverill  does  not  place  all  his  eggs  in  one 
basket,  but  that  he  has  several  patches  growing  in 
different  counties  under  personal  inspection.  W.  S.  IV. 

Weevil  Grub, — In  the  cultivation  of  Primulas, 
some  Saxifrages,  Echeverias,  and  other  succulents, 
1  am  much  annoyed  by  the  ravages  of  a  sub- 
terranean larva  of  a  species  of  weevil  [charau^on). 
The  grub  is  of  a  white  colour,  not  larger  than  a  small 
Pea,  and  it  attacks  the  roots,  causing  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  plants  almost  before  one  is  aware  of  its 
presence.      It   is  diffi.ult   to   find  and   destroy  the 


2t6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


perfect  beetle,  which  is  small  and  of  the  same  colour 
as  the  soil.  Is  there  any  means  of  destroying  the 
grub  without  injuring  the  plant  ?  The  species  is  not 
native  to  the  part  o(  Switzerland  in  which  I  live,  and 
has  not  been  observed  here  beyond  the  limits  of  my 
garden.  I  must  have  imported  it  with  soil  from  the 
Alps,  where  I  have  seen  it.  Edmond  Boissier, 
Vakyris,  Orbe. 

Exhibition  Peas.  —  I  think  the  finest  exhibition 
Pea  I  have  met  with  this  season  is  Evolution  ;  the 
pods  large,  handsome,  full  of  large  Peas,  and  covered 
with  a  pleasing  white  bloom.  I  have  seen  more  than 
one  lot  of  it  on  the  exhibition  table,  and  always 
good.  Next  to  this  came  Telephone  and  Telegraph, 
the  former  especially,  and  always  large  and  taking  to 
the  eye,  though  the  pods  have  not  filled  out  so  well 
as  usual  owing  to  the  drought.  Stratagem,  and  Pride 
of  the  Market,  have  been  greatly  to  the  fore  also,  and 
especially  Stratagem  ;  when  the  pods  are  large  and 
well-filled,  with  a  good  bloom  on  them,  it  is  hard  to 
beat.  During  the  end  of  July  and  early  in  August 
Dr.  McLean  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra  have  been  very  fine. 
The  former,  from  a  good  stock,  is  a  valuable  exhibi- 
tion Pea,  when  its  long  well-filled  pods  are  covered 
with  a  dense  white  bloom.  For  late  shows  Ne  Plus 
Ultra,  or  Walker's  Perpetual  Bearer,  are  undoubtedly 
the  best.  I  regard  them  as  the  two  best  late  Peas  in 
cultivation.  For  early  shows  the  best  early  varieties 
are  William  the  First  and  Bliss'  Abundance,  but 
they  want  some  growing  to  have  them  both  early  and 
good.  The  latter  is  undoubtedly  a  very  useful  Pea 
for  early  crops.  R.  D, 

Orchid  Pruning.— I  am  asked  by  Mr,  De  B, 
Crawshay,  "  Is  cutting  away  old  worn-out,  leafless 
bulbs  of  Catteya  or  L:^Iia  pruning,  as  used  and  per- 
formed [on  Dendrobiums  by  some  growers?"  He 
puts  the  question  in  so  vague  a  form,  that  I  cannot 
meet  it  with  a  direct  Ves  or  No  ;  but  he  gives,  as  his 
opinion,  that  "  I  cannot  claim  these  facts  to  estab- 
lish the  superiority  of  pruning,  for  really  it  is  not 
pruning,  but  only  the  work  of  ordinary  cultivation." 
I  at  once  admit  this  as  the  truth  ;  but  all  who  have 
read  the  various  correspondence  on  this  matter  well 
know  that  it  was  the  ordinary  cultivators  who  con- 
demned the  practice  of  removing  the  old  bulbs,  and 
bemoaned  their  departure  with  bitter  wailing,  that 
I  was  answering  in  my  former  letters  on  the  pruning 
system.  See  Mr.  Swan's  letter  of  Feb.  21,  p.  250; 
Mr.  Walker's,  March  7,  p.  318  ;  and  one  or  two  from 
Mr.  Baines.  Besides,  Mr.  De  B.  Crawshay  was  surely 
of  the  same  way  of  thinking  then,  as  his  allusion  to 
the  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  plainly  proves  {p.  318). 
But  what  does  he  mean  by  "  ordinary  cultivation  ?  " 
Simply  to  remove  all  decayed  bulbs  ?  It  must  be  very 
ordinary  if  these  were  not  removed.  I  go  far  beyond 
this,  for  I  have  pruned  out  all  the  bulbs  of  the 
Orchid  in  question  which  had  lost  their  foliage.  And 
from  what  I  have  seen  of  collections  exhibited  at 
the  great  shows  in  London  or  the  provinces,  or  the 
collections  at  nurseries  or  private  establishments,  I 
have  ample  proof  that  cutting  out  these  back  growths 
is  not  regarded  as  a  work  of  "  ordinary  cultivation." 
Mr.  De  B.  Crawshay  seems  surprised  that  no  one 
has  contradicted  me.  Well,  how  could  they  ?  I 
have  only  been  recording  my  own  mode  of  cultivation. 
Then  he  very  kindly  follows  with  a  "neither  do  I." 
Now  I  have  no  wish  or  desire  whatever  that  Orchid 
growers  should  cut  out  the  leafless  backgrowths  of 
their  Cattleyas.  They  may  leave  them  on  the  plants 
till  they  die,  as  they  always  have  done,  and  try  to 
make  themselves  believe  that  their  plants  are  all  the 
stronger  for  it.  But  singlehanded  as  I  now  approach 
the  subject,  or  appear  to  be,  I  venture  to  challenge 
my  opponents  to  prove  their  case.  I  hope  I  shall  be 
understood  as  to  what  should  be  pruned  out.  I  put 
it  thus  : — A  well-grown  bulb  of  Cattleya,  say  Men- 
delii,  may  retain  its  leaf  lor  five  or  perhaps  seven 
years,  or  even  longer,  but  this  leaf  will  naturally 
die  sooner  or  later.  Now  prove  what  benefit  that 
bulb  is  or  can  be  to  the  plant  after  the  loss  of  its  leaf. 
I  am  supposing  the  case  of  home-grown  plants,  not 
of  imported  pieces  which  have  been  torn  about  in 
handling.  So  strongly  convmced  am  I  that  these 
bulbs  are  of  no  more  service  to  the  plant  that  I  mean, 
as  soon  as  I  have  opportunity,  to  enter  more  fully 
into  the  subject  and  recommend  growers  to  follow  the 
course  of  treatment  which  I  have  tried  and  found 
so  satisfactory  in  the  few  cases  already  mentioned  in 
my  former  notes.  I  beg  to  thank  Mr.  De  B.  Craw- 
bay  tor  giving  me  this  oppo. 'uning  of  further  ex- 


plaining the  principle.  I  can  now  leave  it  in  other 
hands  for  a  time.  N.  Blandford.  [A  microscopical 
or  chemicat  analysis  of  the  old  bulbs  of  such  a  Cattleya 
as  our  correspondent  speaks  of  would  setttle  the 
matter.  Ed.] 

Store-roots  on  Bulbs.  —  These  curiously 
thickened  store-roots  are  quite  commonly  produced 
by  some  of  the  Squills,  as  also  by  the  corms  of  some 
kinds  of  Crocus,  and  they  are  represented  on  Ixia 
(Tiitonema)  bulbocodium,  on  plate  265  of  the 
Botanical  Magazine.  Just  now  my  friend,  Mr. 
Smith,  of  Newry,  sends  me  bulbs  of  Elwes'  Snow- 
drop, in  which  these  thickened  store-roots  are 
developed  beautifully  I  here  simply  record  the  fact, 
but  it  would  be  most  interesting  to  know  under  what 
conditions  or  environment  they  are  produced.  Their 
use  seems  to  be  that  of  auxiliary  storage  space,  from 
which  the  bulbs  can  draw  nutriment  at  their  leisure. 
I  hope  some  of  our  bulb-growing  friends  will  en- 
lighten us  further  on  this  matter.  Mr.  Maw,  who 
has  studied  the  corm  growth  of  Crocus  intimately, 
could  no  doubt  tell  us  somewhat  of  these  store-roots. 
F.  U'.BiirlnJst. 

Fruiting  of  Passifiora  quadrangularis.— Plants 
of  this  Passiflora  here  bear  delicious  fruit  and  good 
seeds,  when  a  flower  is  fertilised  with  its  own  pollen, 
A.  D.  Webster. 

The  Turner  Memorial.— I  doubt  if  Mr.  Douglas 
was  any  too  precipitate  in  his  letter  on  this  head. 
Some  time  has  now  elapsed  since  Charles  Turner's 
death,  but  until  recently  the  general  public  outside 
the  coteries  have  heard  nothing  of  any  comprehensive 
scheme  to  do  honour  to  his  memory.  His  kindly 
graces  of  manner  and  genius  for  floriculture  need  no 
monument  for  those  of  his  own  generation,  who  had 
the  privilege  of  knowing  him,  and  "  sitting  at  his 
feet."  However,  although  a  goodly  number  of  horti- 
culturists know  little  or  nothing  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks 
except  that  he  was  a  shining  light  some  time  or  other, 
a  similar  memento  is  necessary.  The  number  of 
individuals  who  say  "  they  have  no  time  for  reading  " 
seems  to  increase.  How  are  these  to  know  of  our 
friend's  talent,  and  the  deeds  he  did  ?  Autre  temps, 
autre  maurs,  is  very  often  falsified,  and  it  is  in  our 
power  to  make  the  term  "Turner  "  as  well  known  to 
our  descendants  as  "  Banksian."  It  is  a  genial  sign 
of  English  nature  to  notice  Mr.  Douglas  leading  the 
way  with  a  practical  suggestion  ;  only,  let  him  secure 
the  doughty  provincials,  as  well  as  the  leading  metro- 
politans, to  back  up  the  appeal.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

Mr.  Douglas'  meeting  at  South  Kensing- 
ton in  relation  to  the  above  object  hardly  indi- 
cates wide  sympathy.  He  does  not  even  give  an 
invitation  to  those  interested  in  the  object  to  attend, 
but  probably  means  that  he  will  invite  some  half- 
dozen  persons  to  confer  with  him  as  to  what  steps 
should  be  taken  in  the  matter.  It  must  be  deplored 
that  at  the  outset  there  seems  to  be  conflict  of  opinion 
in  a  matter  which  should  have  been  dealt  with  on 
broad  grounds,  and  in  a  generous  spirit.  Mr.  Turner 
was  a  florist,  and  specially  a  Dahlia  fancier,  but  be 
was  very  much  more,  and  his  range  of  friends  was  by 
no  means  limited  to  florists.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is 
difficult  to  see  how  any  memorial  can  be  set  up  to  a 
man  simply  because  he  had  a  wide  circle  of  friends  in 
life,  and  was  by  them  very  highly  esteemed.  Were 
we  to  devise  memorials  on  that  ground  alone  where 
should  we  slop  ?  The  late  Mr.  James  Cutbush  had  a 
host  of  personal  friends  ;  so  also  had  many  illustrious 
horticulturists  who  have  passed  away,  and  over  whose 
names  only  silent  tears  have  been  shed.  It  is  obvious 
that  if  we  agree  to  commemorate  Mr.  Turner's 
memory  it  must  be  on  the  ground  that  he  was  one — 
perhaps  the  most  potent  force— amongst  improvers  of 
florists'  flowers  of  recent  days.  He  was  even  more 
than  a  warm  friend  and  a  successful  tradesman — a 
great  florist  ;  and  it  is  in  that  sense  his  memory 
should  be  perpetuated,  and  fitly.  The  collecting  of  a 
sum  of  money,  the  interest  of  which  is  to  be  given  in 
prizes  from  year  to  year  for  Dahlias  or  some  other 
florists'  flower,  would  be  but  annually  to  enrich  some 
one  who  grows  these  or  other  flowers  to  obtain  mere- 
tricious fame  and  some  riches,  without  having  the 
least  regard  for  our  old  friend's  memory.  Far  better 
would  be  the  institution  of  some  handsome  and  really 
valuable  memorial  medal,  which,  given  annually  to 
some  new  and  meritorious  florists'  flower — Auricula, 
Carnation  or  Picotee,  show  Pelargonium,  Dahlia,  or 
Chrysanthemum,  for  instance — would  prove  a  worthy 
memento  of  one  who  loved   'hese  flowers  above  all 


others.  X.    [This  letter,  it  need  hardly  be  said,  was 
written  previous  to  the  meeting  on  the  nth  inst.  Ed.] 

Seed  Sowring.— It  does  not  seem  to  be  the  general 
practice  with  gardeners,  when  sowing  seeds  in  pots 
and  pans,  to  cover  them  with  something  that  will 
make  them  germinate  in  darkness.  Now  it  has  been 
ascertained  that  all  seeds  will  germinate  more  readily 
when  so  covered  with  a  piece  of  slate,  tile,  or  board— 
which  must  be  removed  as  soon  as  it  is  seen  that 
germination  has  taken  place— than  when  not  so 
covered.  It  is  also  found  that  the  seeds  of  hardy 
plants  germinate  best  when  in  a  temperature  of  55"  to 
60" ;  and  if  seeds  are  to  be  sown  as  soon  as  gathered, 
it  must  be  ascertained  that  the  germ  or  embryo  is 
fully  developed;  when  that  is  so  it  is  not  necessary  to 
wait  till  the  seed  is  perfectly  ripe.  Perfectly  ripe 
seeds,  owing  to  the  amount  of  carbon  contained,  and 
which  must  be  consumed  before  it  will  grow,  will  be 
found  to  require  a  longer  time  to  germinate.  M. 

A  Novel  Method  of  Planting  a  Cottage 
Garden. — I  lately  saw  in  an  amateur's  garden  what 
seemed  to  be  an  unusual  arrangement  of,  or  combination 
of,  flowers  and  vegetables.  The  plot  was  an  oblong, 
50  yards  by  12  yards,  with  an  oval  centre  bed  half 
way  down.  The  central  path  was  of  nicely  kept 
turf,  on  either  side  of  which  was  the  small  Mentha 
and  Pyrethrum  ;  next  a  row  of  Stocks,  then  double 
Pelargoniums  and  Asters,  next  a  row  of  Peas  and 
parallel  pyramids  of  Scarlet  Runners.  These  are 
charming  objects  just  now,  and  the  Beans  may  be 
gathered  far  more  conveniently  than  when  planted 
in  rows,  besides  yielding  a  better  crop.  There  was 
in  the  same  garden  until  quite  lately  a  long  bed  3  feet 
wide  under  a  north  wooden  fence.  It  consisted  of 
a  belt  of  Dean's  Sweet  Williams,  a  foot  wide,  then 
a  row  of  Antirrhinums  of  Ware's  excellent  strain, 
and  then  a  back  line  of  Canterbury  Bells  of  mixed 
colours,  among  which  white  was  conspicuous.  For 
weeks  past  this  bed  was  a  dense  mass  of  varied 
and  beautiful  colours,  and  one  might  cut  and  come 
again  every  day  without  marring  its  beauty.    T.  IV. 

The  Germination  of  Cyclamen  and  Yucca. 
— It  will  be  generally  known  to  gardeners  that 
seeds  of  Yuccas  do  not  germinate  in  the  usual  way, 
that  is,  by  thrusting  up  a  plumule  from  the  apex 
of  the  seed,  and  pushing  the  root  downward 
as  in  nearly  all  dicotyledons,  but  throw  out  a 
curved  neck-like  growth  [the  cotyledon],  the  end 
of  which  is  swollen  and  contains  the  embryo  ;  this, 
after  the  neck  has  grown  an  inch  or  thereabouts, 
brings  forth  a  leaf  and  root  fibres  simultaneously. 
Cyclamen  seeds,  among  dicotyledons,  germinate  in 
a  similar  manner.  So  that  in  these  the  embryo  is 
thrown  out  previous  to  germination,  and  is  fed  by 
the  stored  up  food  in  the  seed  itself,  previous  to  the 
roots  drawing  sustenance  from  the  soil.  This  points, 
in  the  Yuccas  at  least,  to  their  adaptability  for  ger- 
mination in  dry  hard  soils.  //. 

Tomato  Chiswick  Red. — This  fine  and  distinct 
variety  is  both  a  free  grower  and  a  wonderful  bearer. 
A  small  span-roofed  house  of  this  Tomato  in  Messrs. 
Wood  &  Ingram's  nursery  at  St.  Neotjs  shows  vigorous 
plants  with  the  main  shoots  thickly  hung  in  large 
clusters  of  fruit.  This  variety  promises  to  be  of  the 
greatest  value  for  market  purposes,  because  of  its 
great  productiveness  and  its  free  growing  character 
— free  growing  in  the  sense  that  it  is  of  a  hardy 
vigorous  character,  and  not  likely  to  succumb  to  con- 
ditions that  sometimes  make  it  difticult  to  cultivate 
less  hardy  sorts.  It  is  said  of  this  Tomato  that  it  is 
one  of  the  very  best  for  winter  culture,  because  it 
requires  less  heat  than  some  ol  the  larger  fruited  sorts. 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  did  good  service  to  gardeners 
of  all  degrees  when  they  put  this  useful  Tomato  into 
circulation.  R.  D. 

Flowering  of  Chamaerops  Fortune!,  and 
Eucalyptus.  — If  the  note  on  the  Palm  that  is  now 
flowering  in  the  open  air  at  Bonchurch  refers  to  this 
variety,  and  not  to  C.  excelsa — which  I  think  must  be 
the  case — I  beg  to  say  that  it  is  no  new  occurrence, 
as  we  have  a  pair  of  grand  plants  that  have  never 
failed  to  throw  up  immense  spathes  of  flowers  every 
season  for  the  last  fourteen  years,  and  very  fortunately 
also  our  plants  are  a  pair,  that  is,  male  and  female  ; 
and  from  seed  thus  obtained  we  have  young  plants, 
that  are  eventually  destined  to  be  also  planted  in  the 
open  air,  where  our  plants  have  wintered  for  the  last 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


217 


seventeen  years  without  the  sh'ghtest  protection,  other 
than  their  own  natural  beards — if  I  may  so  term  the 
thicket  of  cocoa-matting-like  siibstance  with  which 
the  trunks  are  covered  from  lop  to  bottom.  The 
Blue  and  Red  Gums  (Eucalyptus)  are  also  now  flower- 
ing wiih  us,  and  promise  to  make  fine  ([  was  going 
to  say)  timber  trees,  and  such  indeed  would  be  the 
fact  if  appearance  only  constituted  timber.  Their 
beautiful  glaucous  coloured  and  tremulous,  or  con- 
stantly moving  foliage,  adds  a  charm  to  tree  land- 
scape etiects  that  none  of  our  native  trees  possess. 
l!ut  there's  a  dark  side  to  the  picture,  namely,  that 
the  first  really  severe  winter  will  destroy  them.  //'. 
IVildimith,  HcLkficU,  Hants. 

Ameer  Pea,  —  I  very  much  regret  that  I  should 
have,  according  to  Mr.  Laxton,  so  incorrectly  repre- 
sented his  new  Pea  Ameer.  I  went  to  Chiswick  to 
get  some  independent  nores  on  ihe  Peas  grown  there, 
not  based  on  the  raiser's  information,  but  upon  the 
evidence  there  offered,  and  upon  what  I  could  gather 
from  those  who  had  superintended  the  trial  ;  hence 
my  connecting  the  Ameer  with  William  I.  for  pur- 
poses of  comparison.  That  is,  I  think,  quite  enough 
lor  the  general  reader,  who  is  little  concerned  about 
origin,  colour  of  seeds,  &c.    The  IVtiter. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL:    Aug 


Falling  considerably  in  regard  to  quantity  behind 
the  earlier  summer  shows  held  in  the  conservatory  in 
the  Society's  Garden  at  South  Kensington,  there  was 
quite  enough  to  interest  both  the  gardener  and  the 
public  generally. 

Mr.  Ware's  fine  bank  of  hardy  perennials — bulbs 
of  various  species — atTorded  much  interest  to  visitors, 
and  was  in  itself  a  good  show.  The  classes  for 
Fuchsias,  Caladiums,  Hollyhocks,  and  Gladioli,  with 
Ihe  exception  of  the  last-named,  were  not  numerously 
filled.  The  Gladioli  of  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son  were 
superb,  both  in  old  and  new  varieties  ;  and  in  the 
fruit  shown  by  Mr,  F.  T.  Rivers,  Sawbridgewcrth, 
was  seen  the  best  collection  of  (Gooseberries  brought 
under  public  notice  for  many  years  past.  The  same 
nurseryman  exhibited  Plums  and  Cherries  in  pots, 
proving,  beyond  doubt,  the  adaptability  of  both  for 
this  method  of  culture,  for  the  miniature  trees  were 
loaded  with  fruit  approaching  ripeness,  and  in  the 
case  of  the  Cherries  perfectly  so. 


Floral  Committee. 
Present  :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  H.  Bennett,  T.  P.  Kinghorn,  A.  Perry, 
J.  Child,  II.  M.  Pollett,  J.  Douglas,  J.  Hudson,  J. 
Fraser,  J.  James,  C.  Noble,  J.  Dominy,  J.  Smith, 
H.  Ballantine,  W.  B.  Kello=k,J.  Walker,  H.  Turner. 
H.  Cannell,  E.  Hill,  H.  Williams,  Masters,  and  J. 
O'Brien. 

MlbCELLANEOUS    PLAN  PS. 

From  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  di  Sons  the  hybrid  Rhodo- 
dendron, Indian  S'ellow.  shown  at  a  previous  meeting 
—the  best  of  its  colour  in  greenhouse  varieties — secured 
Ihe  proper  attention  it  deserves.  From  the  same 
nurseries  came  Cyathea  divergens,  a  graceful  Fern, 
with  stalked  pinnse  ;  Acer  Hookerianum,  leaves  of 
copper-red,  and  acute  in  form,  the  reverse  of  leaf 
deeper  in  colour  than  the  upper  side,  young  shoots 
bright  brown  ;  Davaliii  retusa,  a  Fern  of  an  elegant 
appearance;  Lrelia  monophylLi,  a  Jamaican  species, 
showing  a  single  bloom  ot  an  orange  colour,  the 
plant  being  very  slender  and  weak  in  growth  ;  Clethra 
aiborea,  rarely  seen  flowering  at  so  young  an  age,  u.is 
covered  with  Lily  of  the  Valley-like  flowers  ;  Berberis 
trifoliala  with  Holly-like  foliage  of  a  greyish-green,  and 
the  habit  erect  ;  Platycodon  Mariesi,  with  deep  purplish- 
blue  flowers  in  terminal  corymbs,  at  first  sight  louking 
like  a  Lisianthus  Russellianus.  Some  fine  Gladioli  were 
shown  likewise,  viz.: —  La  France,  a  flower  of  medium 
bize,  pink  in  the  upper  segments,  the  inferior  onesnpped 
with  bright  yellow,  the  lowest  segment  is  pink  with  a 
claret  slain  ;  G.  Andre  Chenie,  carmine,  large,  nnd 
regularly  formed  ;  the  colour  is  decidedly  novel  in  GUdi- 
olus  ;  G.  Henri  Conscience  is  purple-rose,  with  a  sl.iin 
of  the  same  hue  in  the  throat,  the  lower  segments  are 
marked  boldly  with  white. 

Mr.  Bull,  Chelsea,  showed  a  pretty  Aristolochia  named 
elegans,  a  flower  of  3  inches  in  diameter  across  the  face, 
beauiifully  tesselated  with  purple  on  a  white  ground, 
the  inner  portion  of  the  flower  being  of  a  rich  purple  ;  the 
sac,  or  part  resembling  a  pipe,  is  green,  and  not  con- 
spicuous ;  Alocasia  Sanderiana,  dark  green,  C)dk-leaf 
form  of  foliage,  margined  and  ribbed  with  white  :  Euterpe 
plumosa,  a  pinnate-leaved  Palm,  with  the  foliage  rather 
more  pendulous  than  in  E.  edulis  ;  Cycas  siamensis,  a 
specimen  resembling  in  leaf-growth  C.  circinalis,  and 
d.ffering  in  the  rootstocks  from  it  ;  Alocasia  exsculpta, 
green  digitate  foliage,  without  variegation  ;  a  white- 
blossomed  Mussasnda,  named  theifera  ;  Larlia  Amanda, 
a  small  flower,  with  flesh-coloured  sepals  and  petals,  and 
a  frilled  lip  of  purple,  having  the  margin  pale  rose  ; 
Kentiopsis  macrocarpa,  a  bold-habited  Palm,  the  young 
leaves  being  of  a  coppery-red  colour. 


Mr.  Holab,  gr.,  Redleaf,  Penshurst,  showed  Galeandra 
devoniana,  the  creamy-white  tubular  flowers  striped  pur- 
plish-brown in  the  mouth,  and  sepals  and  petals  brown 
and  green,  on  tall,  erect  italks,  was  a  noticeable  plant.* 

Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.  showed  Phak-tnopsis  Reichen- 
bachiana,  a  single  richly-coloured  flower  on  a  little  plant. 

Mr.  White,  gr.  to  Mr.  Dorman,  Laura  Paik,  Syden- 
ham, showed  a  very  fine  piece  of  Mormodes  Uorman- 
ianum,  with  glaucous  leaves,  and  carrying  ten  blooms  on 
a  massive  spike  ;  the  blooms  are  ivory-white,  but  densely 
spotted  with  minute  lilac  dots  ;  the  column  is  lilac. 

George  Hardy,  Esq  ,  Timperley,  Cheshire,  had  Cat- 
tleya  Hardyana,  a  splendid  species,  with  heavy,  large 
flowers  of  the  richest  combination  of  rich  purple  and 
gold.  A  fuller  account  ot  this  grand  plant  will  be  lound 
in  our  Orchid  Notes  of  this  number. 

Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  had  some  Begonias 
from  the  open  ground,  as  Madame  Dubois,  Louis  de 
Gossancourt,  Leon  de  St.  Jean,  and  a  few  novelties  in  ' 
Caladiums,  th^  best  of  which  was  Raymond  Lemoine— 
a  leaf  with  a  crimson  centre,  and  margin  dull  white  ; 
next  was  Auguste  Carpentier,  also  crimson,  but  a  margin 
of  a  deep  green  shade. 

A  great  quantity  of  Lilum  auratum  and  L.  longiflorum, 
and  Gladiolus  Lemoine  came  from  the  New  Plant  and 
Bulb  Company,  Colchester. 

The  rich  b^nkof  flowering  plants  from  Mr.  T.  Ware's 
nursery,  Tottenham,  which  was  full  of  a  most  varied 
collection,  received  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal.  In  this 
group  was  an  interesting  collection  of  shrubby  New 
Zealand  Veronicas,  including  carnosula,  pinquifolia. 
epacridea,  Colensoi,  Chathamica.  Many  of  these  would 
make  excellent  window  plants,  resembling  dwarf  Boxes, 
or  Euonymus. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons.  Swanley,  showed  a  small 
collection  of  Begonias,  of  which  Blanche  Duval,  a  flower 
of  creamy-white,  full,  of  large  size,  and  with  a  thin  wiry 
margin  or  pink  ;  B,  Gabrielle  Legros,  yellow  ;  and  King 
of  Crimsons,  a  single  flowered  variety,  were  the  best. 

A  grand  plant  ol  Sarracenia  Patersoniana,  a  hybrid 
between  S.  purpurea  and  S.  Drummondi,  was  shown  by 
Dr.  Paterson,  Bridge  of  .Mian.  N.B.  Of  this  unique 
variety  only  nine  plants  exist,  the  Doctor  having  six  of 
them,  the  others  being  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens 
of  Dublin  and  Edinburgh,  and  one  at  Sandringham. 
The  pitchers  are  of  a  crimson  colour,  appearing  beauii- 
fully veined  when  the  sun  shines  on  them,  and,  when 
fully  developed.  2  feet  h'gh.    It  is  very  like  S.  Chelsoni  v. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Holloway,  showed  Mormodes 
luxatum  punctatum,  a  paler  form  than  that  of  Mr. 
Dorman.  The  well-known  Amaryllis,  Mrs.  Lee,  and 
Chysis  lievis  snperba,  the  rich  brown  and  yellow  colours 
making  up  a  t-'lling  subject. 

From  ihe  Harpenden  School  there  came  a  capital 
collection  of  wild  plants  found  in  the  Harpenden  dis- 
trict. These  plants  were  correctly  named,  the  order, 
botanical  name  and  the  popular  name  being  severally 
given.  Each  of  the  boys  who  showed  had  thirty 
disiinct  specimens,  tastefully  set  up  and  in  sut^cient 
quantity  to  make  a  respectable  sliow.  Amongst  the 
rarer  species  m:iy  be  mentioned  Dianthus  Armeria 
f Deptford  Pink),  Epipaclis  latifolia,  very  scarce  in 
Herlfordshiie,  a  good  spike  of  Hypericum  Androsnemum, 
growing  in  woods  to  the  height  of  6  feet,  Verbas- 
cum  nigrum,  Erythrnsa  centauria,  .Symphytum  tuber- 
osum, Lotus  tenuis,  the  slender-leaved  Lotus,  veiy 
scarce  ;  Lysimachia  vulgaris,  Mellotus  leucantha,  Bu- 
tomus,  umbellatus,  found  in  quantity  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Lee,  the  hunting  ground  of  the  Harpenden 
boys.  A  good  piece  of  Alropa  Belladonna,  bearing 
flowers  and  berries,  was  shown.  A  Silver-gilt  Medal 
was  awarded  the  collection,  than  which  a  more  instructive 
one  is  seldom  seen  at  flower  shows. 

For  a  collection  of  Phloxes,  shown  by  Mr.  T.  Ware,  a 
Silver  Medal  was  awarded  ;  and  a  Bronze  Medal  to  Mr. 
Rivers  for  cut  Roses. 

Competing  Classes. 

For  Fuchsias,  six  distinct  (open), — The  ist  was  with- 
held ;  Mr.  1.  Lambert,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Segelcke.  Esq., 
Elfindale  Lodge.  Heme  Hill,  taking  the  2d.  In  the 
amateurs'  class  for  the  best  four  Mr.  Lambert  was  again 
2d.  no  other  prize  being  awarded.  For  twelve  plants, 
distinct,  in  6-inch  pots  (open),  Mr.  Lambert  secured  the 
ist,  and  Mr.  H.  fames,  Casile  .Vurseries,  Lower  Nor- 
wood, the  2d. 

For  six  Caladiums,  distinct  (open). — Messrs.  J.  Laing 
&  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  were  isi.  for  rather  large  plants,  well 
assorted  as  to  colour  ;  2(1,  Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M. 
Nelson.  Hanger  Hill  House.  Ealing  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  [ames. 

A  few  Asters  were  shown,  of  no  particular  merit.  Mr. 
|.  Bass,  gr.  to  A.  S.  Price,  Esq.,  P-nkside  House,  Kwell. 
was  ist;  Mr.  1-  S.  Cooper.  Windmill,  Bishops  Stort- 
ford.  2d  ;  equal  3d  being  Mr.  J.  Morgan,  gr.  to  Major 
Scoit,  Wray  Paik,  Reigalc,  and  Mr.  W.  Smith,  Wind- 
mill, Bishop's  Stortford. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons  took  the  ist  prize  for  a  very 
choice  lot  of  Gladioli,  some  of  his  best  new  flowers  being 
Opitn,  crimson  ;  Lord  Leigh,  cerise  ;  Lady  Newport, 
rosy-carmine  ;  Mr,  Thornton,  deep  crimson  ;  Irex. 
pale  pink ;  Lady  Caring  ton,  lilac-rose — a  very  fine 
flower  and  spike  ;  Milton,  cerise-scarlet  ;  Abas,  cerise- 
scarlet,  with  white  flame. 

Hollyhocks  in  twelve  distinct  varieties,  single  blooms, 
and  in  twelve  distinct  spikes. — The  prizes — two  ist — were 
taken  by  Mr.  T.  Ware. 

Tomatos  in  pots,  four  plants. --The  ist  prize  was 
taken  by  Mr.    Chadwick   (or   nice  bushy   plants,    well 


being  Chiswick  Red  ;  Mr.  Castle,  West  Lynn,  took  2d. 
Messrs.  Webb  &  Son,  Stourbridge,  offered  prizes  for 
the  best  collection  of  vegetables,  consisting  of  not  less 
than  eight  kinds.  The  ist  prize  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Waite,  gr.,  Glenhurst,  Esher  ;  and  the  2d  by  Mr.  J.  A. 
Becket,  The  various  items  shown  were  very  good, 
especially  the  Girtford  Giant  Runners  and  Intermediate 
Carrots,  and  Snowdrop  and  Woodstock  Potatos  in  the 
first  collection,  and  the  Leicester  Red  Celery  and  Green 
(llobe  Artichokes  in  the  second. 

F1R.ST-CLAS.S  Certificates. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gaillardia  St.  Blaise. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Galatea. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Lorna. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Abas. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son.  for  Gladiolus  Milton. 

To  Ci.  Hardy,  Esq.,  for  Cattleya  Hardyana. 

To  Messrs.  f.  Veitch  &  .Sons,  for  Gladiolus  La  France. 

To  Messrs.  |.  Veitch  &  .Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Andie 
fhenin. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Henri 
Conscience. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendron  Indian 
Yellow. 

To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Cyathea  divergens. 

To  Mr.  Bull,  for  .\ristolochia  elegans. 

To  Mr.  Bull,  for  Alocasia  Sinderiana. 

To  Mr.  Bull,  for  Euterpe  plumosa. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  .Sjns,  for  Begonia  King  of 
Crimsons. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  Be  Sons,  for  Begonia  Blanche 
Duv.al. 

To  Messrs.   Cannell  h  Sons,    for   Begonia   Gabrielle 

To  Mr.  T.  Ware,  for  Campahula  pyramidalis  var. 
bicolor. 

Mr.  Owen,  for.  Ivy-leaf  Pelargonium  Souvenir  de 
Charles  Turner. 

Fruit  Committee. 

Present :  G.  Bunyard,  Esq.,  inthe chair;  and  Messrs. 
G.  T.  Miles,  J.  Woodbridge,  J.  Roberts,  Harrison 
Weir,  Sidney  Ford,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  T.  Francis 
River?.  Several  seedling  fruits,  as  Grapes,  Plums, 
Gooseberries,  and  some  few  early  varieties  of  Apples, 
were  shown,  also  a  few  Melons. 

Mr.  Rivers  showed  Golden  Eagle  and  Lord  Palmer- 
ston  Peaches,  Bigarreau  Cherries,  Gros  Coueret,  and 
Monstreus  de  Metzel,  two  tine  varieties,  and  a  fine 
black  Cherry  named  Noir  de  Guben.  Over  100  dishes 
of  tlie  best  varieties  of  Gooseberries  were  shown  from  the 
same  nursery,  the  fruits  bearing  evidence  of  having  been 
well  grown.  Some  excellent  specimens  ot  trees  m  pots, 
as  Cherries.  Plums,  well  fruited,  were  also  shown,  the 
latter  being  especially  good. 

Messrs.  Rivers  ^  Sons  received  a  -Silver-gilt  Medal  for 
the  collection  of  Gooseberries. 


fruited. 


Special  Prizes, 


offered  by  Messrs.  Sutton  iS:  Sons,  Reading,  for  the  best 
three  dishes  of  Tomatos.  twelve  in  a  dish.  —  ist.  Mr. 
Becket,  Cole  Hatch  Farm.  Penn,  Bucks,  his  best  fruit 
being  Stamfordian  and   Reading   Perfection,  the  other 


INTERNATIONAL     HORTICULTURAL 
EXHIBITION:   Antwerp,    August  2-6. 

{ConduJed  Jroii!  ^,   184.) 

Misi  i:i,LANEoufi.— For  the  best  Bromeliaceous  plant, 
either  in  flower  or  not,  the  prize,  a  2d.  was  taken  by  M. 
P.  T.  Boulman,  Lille,  for  a  capital  specimen  of  \'uiesia 
Glazouiana,  4  feet  in  height  by  6  feet  in  diameter. 

In  a  class  for  three  plants  in  flower,  shown  by  M.  L. 
win  Iloutte,  was  a  well-flowered  small  specimen  ol  the 
difiicult  Theophrasta  Jussici,  the  buif  coloured  tubular 
flowers  of  which  spring  from  the  a.xils  of  the  leaves, 
making  it  a  singular-looking  object  ;  Globba  c  iccinea, 
so  rarely  seen,  was  likewise  sliown  by  him  in  the  same 
competition. 

Anihurium  Hookeri,  shown  by  Madame  Le  Grelle 
DHani^,  in  a  class  for  a  single  Aroidaceous  plant,  was  a 
splendid  specimen,  with  leives  from  5  to  6  feet  long  and 
\\  foot  in  breadth. 
"mm.  Wallem  &  .Sons.  Ghent,  showed  a  collection  of 
Gleichenias  that  were  of  medium  size  for  the  varieties 
shown,  and- that  were  lightly  tied  out.  The  best  plants 
were  G.  Mendelii,  G.  flabellatum,  and  G.  dichotoma. 

A  neat  specimen  of  Araucaria  elegans  was  shown  by 
Jakob-Makoy  &  Co.,  and  a  plant  of  Cocos  Bonnetti, 
well  developed,  and  10  feet  high,  was  shown  by  M,  F.  J. 
Spae,  Ghent. 

A  novel  collection  of  Platy ceriums,  by  Jakob-Makoy  & 
Co. ,  was  quite  interesting  as  such  ;  it  included  P.  alcicorne, 
grandis,  biformis,  HiUii,  alcicorne  majus,  and  Willinckii, 
all  of  them  nicely  grown,  and  of  fair  size.  Madame  Le 
Grelle  D'Hanis  was  the  winner  of  the  highest  prize  for  a 
collection  of  thirty  specimens  of  Ferns,  and  MM. 
Wallem  &  Sons,  the  2d.  The  first  collection  contained 
pUnls  of  medium  and  useful  sizes,  of  which  the  following 
were  the  best  specimens  :^GymnogrammaWettenhaliana 
Flandri.-p,  with  considerable  white  mealiness;  G. 
Lauchiana,  G.  intermedia,  Adiantum  mncrophyllum.  A. 
gracillimum.  A.  cuneatum,  and  A.  Neo-Caledonias. 
together  with  the  seldom  seen  Acrostichum  squamosum, 
the  foliage  of  which  is  entire,  and  much  powdered  with 
white. 

In  the  diss  for  fifty  plants  in  flower,  M.  Pawells. 
Antwerp,  took  the  leading  prize,  and  if  nothing  in  the 
collection  was  of  exceptional  merit  culturally,  it  will  be 
yet  ol  interest  to  note  some  of  the  best  things  in  it  ;  as. 
Olearia  Haastii,  a  well  bloomed  mass  in  a  broad  pan  ; 
Dracocephalum  virginicum,  Callistemon  rigidus,  Hya- 
cinthus  candicans,  Cuphea  ptatycentra.  grown  as  a  dwarf 
standard  ;  Ligustrum  lucidum,  an  Aster  like  dumosus, 
but  not  named,  very  pretty  and  full  of  bloom  ;  Mont- 
bretia  crocosmasflora  ;  Rqsselia  juncea,  Pavonia  Wiotii 


2.8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  15,  1885. 


with  a  flower  of  crimson  thread-like  rays  ;  a  dwarf  grow- 
ing Neriura  or  two,  Lantanas,  Fuchsias,  Lilies,  &c. 

In  a  nurseryman's  class  for  thirty  plants,  the  ist  prize 
was  awarded  to  M.  L.  van  Houtte,  the  collection  com- 
prising, amongst  others.  Hydrangea  Dr  Hogg,  ap- 
parenUy  a  valued  variety  in  Belgium,  and  one  that  is 
seen  usually  very  well  flowered  ;  Nerium  Madonna,  a  dwarf 
variety,  well  bloomed,  white,  grown  in  a  small  pot  ; 
Bouvardia  Humboldtii,  Veronica  atropurpurea,  a  bau- 
tiful  Habrothamnus  corymbiflorus,  bearing  scarlet 
flowers,  Begonias,  &c.  ,      ,_,  u        i,  . 

Caladiums  were  exhibited  In  considerable  numbers,  but 
we  saw  nothing  that  approached  in  beauty  of  leaf  mark- 
ings M.  Bleu's  collection  shown  at  the  last  Pans  show. 
The  ist  prize  was  awarded  to  M.  L.  van  Houtte  lor  a 
pretty,  well  assorted  lot,  amongst  which  Ibis  rose,  a 
pink-leaf,  Isis,  marbled  white  and  buff  with  veins  of 
crimson  colour  ;  L'Aurore,  white  and  red  ;  and  Madame 
Melzana,  were  the  most  distinct  novelties. 

The  same  firm  took  ist  prize  for  an  Aroid  of  remark- 
able growth,  Philodendron  Melinoni  paranense,  with  sagi- 
tate-cordate  foliage  of  a  large  size,  the  leat-stalk  being 
greenish-red  spotted  with  crimson.  The  ist  prize  lor  a 
single  Dracjena,  or  Cordyline,  was  also  taken  by  M.  van 
Houtle  witli  D.  Lindeni,  a  grand  plant  ;  M.  Ed.  Pynaert 
being  2d,  and  MM.  Waartle,  3. 

For  a  single  herbaceous  Fern  the  ist  prize  went  to 
M  Vermeers  de  Baerdemaecker,  for  a  large  plant  of 
Gymnogramma  gigantea  ;  ahd  for  a  single  warm-house 
plant  of  merit,  M.  Trisson  took  ist  prize,  with  Dasylirion 
me.xicanum,  an  old  specimen  wilh  a  stem  i  foot  in 
height,  carrying  a  large  head  of  foliage. 

Hymenophyllums  were  shown  in  twelve  species  by  M. 
Louis  de  Smet,  who  obtained  the  ist  prize  ;  and  MM. 
Wallem  &  Son,  2d.  The  collections  were  inclusive  of 
the  following  :— H.  nitens,  candiculatum,  cnspatum, 
Wilkesianum,  demissum,  intermedium,  Hymenophyllo- 
ides,  and  flexuosum. 

Several  collections  of  Cactuses,  Echinocactus,  i;c.. 
were  shown,  but  the  specimens  were  mostly  small,  if 
rare,  and  but  few  bore  flowers.  The  ist  prize  was 
obtained  by  M.  Vermeulen,  Antwerp.  The  2d  prize  was 
awarded  for  a  smaller  lot  to  M.  Verschmeeren,  Antwerp. 
In  this  lot  were  the  rare  and  curious  Scopa  cristata  and 
Opuntia  polyacme,  the  latter  bearing  yellow  flowers. 

Foliage  Begonias  were  not  equal  to  what  our  growers 
can  show.  M.  J.  Moens,  Lede,  took  the  ist  prize,  and 
M.  Aug.  Fuchs  the  2d. 

M.  Blanquaert  took  ist  prize  for  flowering  tuberous 
varieties,  that  did  not  equal  the  best  we  have  on  this  side, 
either  in  quality  or  culture.  . 

M.  L.  van  Houtte  was  awarded  the  ist  prize  lor 
double-flowered  varieties. 

Messrs.  Soupert  &  Notting,  Luxembourg,  had  eight 
large  boxes  of  cut  Rose  blooms,  not  by  any  means  bad. 
in  spite  of  the  late  season  and  the  hot  weather,  to  which 
a  jst  prize  was  awarded.  .  . 

A  handsome  collection  of  erect  flowered  Gloxinias  was 
shown  by  M.  Ferd.  Kegeljan,  Namur.  They  were  well 
bloomed,  and  possessed  excellent  foliage  and  densely 
spotted  flowers. 

A  collection  of  varieties  of  Ixoras  in  48  s  was  shown  by 
M  L  de  Smet,  Ghent,  and  would  probably  comprise  all 
that  are  known  to  gardeners,  each  plant  bearing  two  or 
three  heads  of  bloom.  . 

A  very  pretty  collection  of  Bertolonias  and  bonerilas 
was  shown  by  M.  P.  T.  Boutman,  Lille,  the  plants  being 
Iresh-looking,  strong,  and  the  leaf-markings  charming. 
ll  was  a  very  complete  assortment. 

From  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  there  came  a  collection 
of  Carnations,  extra  large,  and  clear  in  the  markings  and 
ground  colours.  Border  Carnations  by  Belgian  growers 
were  shown  surrounded  wilh  their  foliage,  but  were  ofan 
inferior  size,  although  most  useful  in  eveiy  way.  Madame 
E.  Mayer  received  the  ist  prize. 

One  of  the  minor  features  of  the  large  pavilion  was  a 
group  of  Draca;na  Doucelti,  a  creamy-white  striped 
variety,  apparently,  of  D.  indivi.a.  It  is  a  plant  that  will 
be  much  heard  of  in  the  luture,  as  it  is  a  highly  decor- 
ative subject  for  indoors  work,  and  for  grouping,  or  as  a 
solitary  plant  in  flower  garden  designs. 

M.  Le  ]eune,  Berchem,  Antwerp,  showed  the  curious 
Rubus  australis,  trained  as  a  column  of  10  feet  in  height, 
very  dense  in  growth,  and  seemingly  of  a  great  age. 

Two  splendid  plants  of  Corypha  Gebanga  were 
exhibited  by  the  Compagnie  Continentale.  also  a  pair  of 
Kentia  rupicola  10  feet  high,  Coleus  from  M.  Pynaert 
van  Geert,  and  a  variety  of  sou  stuff,  such  as  zonale 
and  Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums,  Lilium  auratum,  Carnations 
in  pots.  Tuberous  Begonias  were  grouped  in  beds  on 
the  ground-level  in  the  central  portion  of  the  vast 
pavilion,  and  gave  just  the  welcome  amount  of  colour 
and  brightness  the  great  masses  of  foliage  plants  stood 
in  need  of,  permitting,  by  their  low  growth,  an  uninter- 
rupted view  from  the  cen'tie  outwards  to  the  sides. 

The  two  finest  groups  of  foliage  plants  were  those  of 
Madame  Le  Grelle  D'Hanis  and  of  M.  Van  der  Wower, 
of  Antwerp,  the  latter  not  being  in  the  competition,  the 
former  obtaining  the  ist  prize  in  its  class.  The  effect  of 
the  great  masses  and  groups  of  Palms,  Tree  ferns, 
Philodendrons.  Anthuriums,  Dracajnas  and  the  like,  in 
which  Belgian  gardens  are  so  richly  found,  arranged  as 
it  was  with  great  judgment,  was  such  as  can  be  seen 
but  on  rare  occasions. 


good  collection  of  exhibits,  both  in  plants,  flowers,  and 
fruit,  and  also  to  find  a  good  number  of  visitors.  The 
exhibitors  were  confined  exclusively  to  those  living  in  the 
parish  of  Brtlow  Moor  ;  another  year,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
Didsbury  and  Withington  will  be  permitted  to  compete. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  S.  Baerlein,  Esq. 
(G.  Williams,  gr.).  was  isl,  showing  Cycas  revoluta. 
Kentia  australis,  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  Ixora  amboin- 
ensis,  with  forty  trusses  of  bloom  ;  Erica  tricolor  rosea 
and  E.  tricolor  dumosa ;  T.  J.  Bolland.  Esq.  (].  Fletcher, 
gr. ).  was  a  good  2d,  with  Cocos  Weddclliana,  Areca 
Vcrschaffelli,  Pandanus  Veitchii,  Erica  Eemula,  E.  Par- 
mentieri  rosea,  among  his  best  plants. 

S.  Baerlein  also  carried  off  ist  for  four  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants,  showing  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni  and 
Ixora  Williamsi,  in  excellent  condition. 

The  same  competitors  appear  in  the  class  for  six  Ferns, 

S.    Baerlein,     Esq.,    winning    with    Cyathei    dealbata, 

"  antarctica,    Gleichenia    flabcllala,    Cibolium 


Dicks. 


l_71cliSonia     aiuajcLii.fl,     vjicn-iiciiiti     ii.iu,-,.tin',     

Schiedei,  Polyslichum  capense,  and  Microlepia  hirta 
cribtata  ;  T.  J.  Holland's  lot  comprising  Uavallia  poly- 
antha  and  Mooreana,  8  feet  across  ;  Brainea  insignis,  a 
grand  plant  6  feet  in  diamater,  Gleichenia  dichotoma  and 
dicarpa,  and  .\diantum  concinnum  latum  ;  J.  G.  Sillcen- 
stadt  (C.  Humphreys,  gr.),  was  3d.  ^ 

S.  Baerlein  was  ist  for  one  Fern,  with  Cyathea  Burkei, 
and  J.  G.  Silkenstadt  2d,  with  a  good  plant  of  Dicksonia 
fibrosa. 

T.  J.  Bolland  was  ist  with  three  F'uchsias,  T.  Brock- 
bank  winning  with  one. 

S.  Kaeriein  was  ist  with  three  Dracjenas,  ].  G.  Silken- 
stadt 2d. 

With  twenty  miscellaneous  plants  S.  Baerlein,  W . 
Brockbank,  and  J.  G.  Silkenstadt  competed,  the  former 
just  getling  ist,  though  to  many  the  2d  group  seemed 
to  come  nearest  to  the  idea  of  what  is  expected  in  a 
group  of  a  miscellaneous  character. 

T.  J.  Bolland  came  first  with  table  plants,  S.  Baerlein  2d. 
J.    G-    Silkenstadt  showed  good  Caladiums,  and  was 
awarded  ist. 

W.  Brockbank  (A.  Mottershead,  gr.)  was  successful 
wilh  wliite  and  black  Grapes,  showing  good  Black 
Hamburghs  and  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  A.  Galbrailh 
was  2d  in  the  class  for  Black  Hamburghs. 

For  a  dish  of  Peaches  and  also  a  dish  of  Neclinnes 
].  Morris.  E.-q  (A.  Cole,  gr.),  was  ist,  with  Royal 
George  Peach  and  EIruge  Nectarines. 

W.  Brockbank  was  ist  with  Melons,  showing  Scariet 
Premier. 

For  a  collticiion  of  vegetables,  eight  varieties,  T.  J. 
Bollanad  and  J.  G.  Silkenstadt  were  placed  equal  ist. 

For  a  dish  of  twelve  kidney  Potatos,  Mr.  W.  Bennet 
came  in  isi  W.  Dutton  2d.  W.  Bennet  was  also  ist 
with  a  dish  of  Pea',  eighteen  pods  ;  G.  Lamb,  2d. 
Model  gardens  are  always  a  feature  at  shows  of  this 
character,  and  this  formed  no  exception. 

Twelve  Roses  were  shown  by  W.  Brockbank,  who 
was  ist  ;  he  also  was  successful  with  Stocks  and  with  a 
collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  plants.  In  this  group 
we  observed  Lychnis  coronaria  and  chalcedonica.  An- 
drosace  lanuginosa,  Rudbeckia  laciniata,  Helenium 
autumnale,  Lilium  testaceum  pardahnum,  and  chalce- 
donicum  ;  a  fine  seedhng  Delphinium  ;  Actaea  racemosa. 
Stenacts  spcciosa,  Liatris  spicata,  Lathyrus  latlfolia, 
Harrison's  Seedling  Phlox,  and  many  others. 

For  six  trusses  of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers,  S. 
Baeriein,  who  was  ist.  showed  Allamandi  Hendersom 
and  nobilis,  Anlhurium  Andreanum,  Ixora  salicifolia, 
Stephanolii,  and  Statice  profusa.  „    r-  ^  , 

1  Hooley,  Edgely  Road  Nurseries,  and  W.  (j.  Cald- 
well &  Sons,  had  each  a  good  group  of  mixed  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  ;  in  the  litter  group  we  observed  Ihree 
of  ihe  lever  Ctolons,  viz.,  mosaicus,  Neumanni,  and 
Flambosal?! 

\  nice  co'lleclion  of  fruit,  also  of  vegetables,  were 
staged  by  J.  Dommett.  In  this  latter  stand  were  some 
TuTiiatos  that  turned  the  scale  at  10  oz. 

Mrs.  E.  Mellor,  Choriton,  had  a  group  of  small 
Conifera;,  also  about  two  dozen  nice  seedling  Begonias 
of  fine  size  and  substance.         "              ,„       .    .,  . 

W  Brockbank  showed  some  sticks  of  Stott  s  Monarch 
Rhubarb,  measuring  9  inches  round.  Many  other  exhibits 
were  staged  of  a  satisfactory  character.  The  committee 
were  highly  gratified  at  their  first  venture.  [A  Corre- 
ipondcnt.) * 

LATIMER    FLO-WER    SHOW. 


BARLOW     MOOR    FLOWER    SHOW: 
August  8, 

For  a  number  of  years  a  show  in  connection  with 
the  Didsbury  and  Bartow  Moor  Floral  Society  was  held 
annually  in  the  neighbourhood  but  has  been  discon- 
tinued until  on  Saturday  last,  when  the  first  show  of  a 
newly  formed  Society  was  held  in  the  National  Schools. 

Entering  the  show  we  were  pleased  to  observe  a  very 


One  of  the  prettiest  country  shows  we  have  seen 
of  late  years  was  that  of  Latimer,  the  beautiful  seat 
of  Lord  Chesham.  The  fine  old  house  is  situated 
on  the  right  side  of  the  valley  ot  the  Chess,  which, 
in  front  of  the  mansion,  assumes  the  proportions 
of  a  lake.  "Tie  horizon  is  bounded  by  wooded  hills,  the 
Chilterns  which  stretch  in  nearty  paralled  ridges  from 
Rickmansworth  to  Chesham.  The  competition  for  the 
numerous  and  sufficiently  liberal  prizes  is  restricted  to 
the  labourers,  under-gardeners,  and  mechanics  employed 
by  his  Lordship  or  the  tenantry  on  the  estate.  The  two 
latter  form  a  separate  class,  although  the  same  number 
and  amount  of  prizes  is  allotted  to  each.  T  he  classes 
were  well  filled,  and  the  competition  for  almost  every  entry 
well  sustained.  The  specimens,  which  consisted  chiefly 
of  useful  vegetables,  were  on  the  whole  rather  small,  but 
of  excellent  quality.  Potatos  were  neatly  arranged 
within  circular  hoops.  Chesham  and  the  neighbourhood 
has  a  great  wood  industry,  the  staple  trade  being  the 
manufacture  of  hoops,  wooden  bowls,  chairs,  and  farm 
implements.  Judging  from  the  quantity  of  produce 
exhibited,  and  the  large  number  of  entries,  cottage 
gardening  must  be  in  high  repute  at  Latimer. 

The  show  was  held  in  a  very  large  tent,  down  the 
centre  of  which  was  arranged  a  handsome  group  of 
plants  bv  Mr.  Bone,  the  head  gardener  at  Latimer. 
The  scene  in  the  grounds  was  extremely  picturesque. 


The  country  folk  for  miles  round  had  assembled  in  their 
Sunday  best,  the  farmers  with  their  wives  and  djughters 
in  smart  vehicles,  the  numerous  carriages,  and  the 
groups  of  young  people  listening  to  the  strains  of  the 
bands  and  waiung  to  trip  it  on  the  green,  formed  alto- 
gether, with  the  delightful  surroundings,  a  scene  only 
to  be  equalled  on  such  an  occasion  as  a  country  flower 
show.  The  parterre  was  in  its  summer  glory,  and  the 
grounds  altogether  in  excellent  keeping.  .\  drive  from 
historic  Chenies,  the  family  seat  of  the  Russells,  along 
the  valley  of  the  sparkling  Chess,  through  the  heart  ol 
the  ChiUerns,  by  Latimer  to  Chesham,  is  one  of  tlie 
most  enjoyable.  The  rules  and  regulations  seem 
to  be  concise  and  sensible,  and,  placing  the  unlet 
gardeners  in  a  class  by  themselves  is  an  irrinje- 
nient  which  must  necessarily  lend  to  fairer  c  .n- 
ditions  than  is  usually  the  case  at  county  shows.  In 
the  present  instance  the  under  gardeners  and  media  iijs 
would  have  had  a  monopoly  of  the  prizes.  1'.  It. 
Harron.  ^ _^___^ 

SCOTTISH    ARBORICULTURISTS    ON 
THE    BORDERS. 

The  annual  excursion  of  the  members  of  the  Scollish 
Arboricullural  Society  was  held  on  the  sth  and  6th  inst., 
both  sides  of  the  Borders  being  visited.  On  Wednesday, 
the  first  day,  the  members  visited  Langhohn,  Canonbie, 
and  Netherby.  the  programme  for  the  second  d  ly  includ- 
ing a  visit  to  Lowther.  On  Wednesday  at  Langliolm  the 
members  were  joined  by  a  number  of  Iriends  from 
Cariisle,  including  a  few  of  the  members  of  the  English 
Arboricultural  Society.  Tlie  places  visited  at  Langholm 
included  the  grounds  of  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  the 
west  side  of  the  Esk  as  far  as  Burnfoot  Bridge. 

On  Thursday  morning  the  members  of  the  Society,  to- 
gether with  some  members  of  the  English  Arboricultural 
Society,  assembled  at  Knowefield  Nurseries,  where,  after 
inspecung  the  grounds  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Grelg, 
nursery  mmager,  they  were  hospitably  entertained  at 
breaklast  in  a  marquee  by  Mr.  James  Watt,  sole 
partner  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Litde  &  Ballnntyne.  Those 
present  included  Dr.  Cleghorn,  of  Straviihie  (President 
of  the  Scottish  Arboricultural  Society),  the  Mayor  ol 
Carhsle  •  Mr.  Dunn,  Mr.  Hull,  and  Mr.  Doughty  (re- 
presentatives of  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch),  Mr.  Kennedy 
(Appleby  Castle),  Mr.  Balden  (Naworth  Castle  .  Mr. 
Wilson  (Greystoke),  Mr.  Kirk  (Anglesey,  Wales),  Mr. 
Baty  (Netherby),  Mr.  Kay,  Mr.  Davidson  (Secretary  ot 
the  English  Arboricultural  Society),  Mt.  Dods  (lorester 
for  Lord  Sefton),  Mr.  Nanson  (Town  Clerk,  Cariisle), 
Mr.  F.  P.  Di.xon  (Carlisle),  Mr.  W.  I.  R.  Crowder  (Car- 
lisle) Rev  T.  W.  Anderson  (curate  of  Slanwix).  .Mr. 
Tinning  (C.irlisle),  Mr.  Sutherland  (Longlown)  Mr. 
Greig  (nursery  manager,  Knowefield),  Mr.  Ferguson 
(Knowefield),  and  Mr.  Taylor  (Knowefield). 

After  an  excellent  meal,  provided  by  Mr.  Mackenzie 
of  the  '■  Bush  "  Hotel,  and  served  under  his  personal 
superintendence, 

Dr  Cleghorn  said  there  was  a  duty  upon  them  this 
morn'ing.  They  had  long  known  Mr.  Watt  as  a  very 
active,  earnest,  and  learned  friend.  This  morning  Mr. 
Watt  had  put  them  under  a  debt  of  obligation  by 
his  very  kind  and  hospitable  reception  ;  and  they 
could  not  leave  without  according  to  him  a  vote  of 
thanks  for  his  generosity.  They  had  on  Wednesday,  as 
well  as  on  many  former  occasions,  to  acknowledge  Mr. 
\V'att's  very  friendly  and  kindly  action  towards  them. 
I  le  had  himself  often  heard  of  the  extensive  nurseries  of 
Knowefield,  but  he  had  seen  them  this  morning  for  the 
first  time.  He  had  been  very  much  struck  by  the  extent 
of  the  nurseries,  a  compact  area  seldom  found  near  a 
large  town.  He  had  been  struck  with  the  economy  ol 
labour  displayed  ;  he  had  been  st'uck  with  tiic  fruitful 
propigation  and  the  accuracy  of  the  nnmencltture  Dr. 
Cleghorn  then  referred  to  the  want  of  nurseries  in  India, 
and  laid  stress  upon  the  necessity  of  young  planters  who 
intended  to  go  out  to  India  becoming  thoroughly 
acquainted  wilh  the  practice  of  the  nursery  before  they 
left  this  country.  ,    ,      ,     . 

The  Mayor  of  Carlisle  seconded  the  vole  of  thanks  to 
Mr  Watt  for  his  hospitable  enterlainment.  He  might 
say',  representing  the  town,  how  glad  they  were  to  see 
the  Scottish  .\rboricultural  Society  in  Carlisle.  He 
wished  also  to  express  their  regret  that  the  visit  of  the 
Society  had  not  been  favoured  with  better  weather.  It 
seemed  to  be  their  lot  in  Cariisle  to  have  wet  weather 
when  meetings  of  important  societies  took  place  ;  they 
suffered  a  sad  disappointment  in  that  respect  when  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society  came  to  Cariisle,  and  it 
seemed  that  iheir  ill-luck  was  still  pursuing  them.  He 
hoped  that  they  would  have  better  weather  at  Lowther. 

Mr.  Watt,  in  acknowledging  the  vote  of  thanks,  as- 
sured them  that  it  was  extremely  gratifying  to  him  to 
have  an  opportunity  of  offering  the  hospitality  of  his 
home  to  the  Scottish  Arboricultural  Society,  presided 
over  as  it  was  by  such  an  able  aud  distinguished  man  as 
his  friend  Dr.  Cleghorn.  He  was  extremely  indebted  to 
the  Mayor  for  so  kindly  coining  to  Knowefield  and  show- 
ing him  Iriendship  upon  an  occasion  of  this  kind  when 
he  could  so  much  appreciate  his  kindness.  He  was  glad 
to  have  an  opportunity  of  introducing  a  sister  society  to 
the  members  of  the  Scottish  Arboricultural  Society,  a 
Society  smaller  in  membership,  but  which  was  doing  very 
much  good  in  fostering  the  art  of  forestry.  There  was 
not  a  branch  of  industry  that  had  lain  dormant  so  long 
as  forestry,  and  he  felt  sure  that  in  the  interests  of  the 
nation  there  was  no  industry  that  would,  if  property 
developed,  do  more  for  the  enrichment  of  the  country  at 
large  He  gave  them  a  hearty  welcome,  and  trusted 
that  this  meeting  would  tend  to  improve  the  membership 
of  the  Societies.  Mr.  Watt  then  intimated  that  he  had 
received  letters  of  apology  for  absence  from  various 
noblemen  and  gentlemen.  One  of  these,  the  only  one 
which  he  would  read,  was  from  Dr.  Lyons,  the  Member 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


219 


for  Dublin  University.  Mr.  Watt  then  read  Dr.  Lyons' 
letter,  in  which  that  gentleman  stated  some  of  his  well- 
known  views  on  the  subject  of  forestry,  and  expressed  the 
opinion  that  forestry  offered  an  opportunity  of  getting 
out  of  the  slough  of  depression  in  the  trade  of  tb-s 
country.  In  conclusion,  Mr.  Watt  hoped  that  the  re- 
mainder of  the  day  would  be  filled  in  with  great  pleasure, 
and  that  they  would  afterwards  look  back  upon  their 
visit  with  pleasant  recollections  in  years  to  come. 

The  members  of  the  two  Societies  shortly  afterwards 
left  Knowefield  for  the  Citadel  Station,  from  which  they 
travelled  by  train  to  Lowther.   Carlisle  Journal,  Aui^.  y. 


SCOTTISH  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIA- 
TION. 

The  fifth  ordinary  meeting  of  this  Association  for  the 
session  was  held  at  5.  St.  Andrew  Square.  Edinburgh,  on 
the  evening  of  the  4th  inst.,  Mr.  Matthew  Todd  presiding. 
Mr.  Alex.  Milne,  of  Dickson  &  Sons,  read  a  paper  on 
"Potatos — their  early  history  and  culture."  Retraced  the 
growth  of  the  tuber  from  its  introduction  by  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  and  dwelt  on  the  great  national  calamity  caused 
by  the  failure  of  the  crop  in  1845.  He  maintained  that 
on  no  similar  acre  ot  land  could  so  much  food  be  pro- 
duced at  so  little  expense  as  by  the  cultivation  of  tiic 
Potato.  In  the  discussion  which  followed,  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie, Warriston,  referred  to  Potato  culture,  and 
gave  his  recollections  of  the  year  of  the  Potato  famine. 
The  Secretary  (Mr.  Munro)  made  some  remarks  on 
the  question  of  the  the  disease,  pointing  out,  what  he 
had  previously  stated  in  a  letter  to  the  Scotsmaii, 
that  the  Potato  was  not  the  only  plant  liable  to 
parasitic  fungi,  and  so  long  as  man  continued  to 
direct  his  attention  to  a  single  part  of  the  plant— the 
tuber— to  the  general  neglect  of  the  health  ot  the  plant 
itself,  so  long  would  it  be  liable  to  disease.  Hollyhocks 
were  given  as  an  instance  in  which  growers  had  directed 
their  attention  entirely  to  the  enlargement  of  the  flower, 
with  the  result  that  in  a  few  years  the  plant  succumbed 
to  parasitic  fungi.  The  Chairman,  in  directing  attention 
to  the  exhibits  submitted  by  members,  suggested  that  a 
Society  like  theirs  should  have  a  conference  on  small 
fruits,  for  the  cultivation  of  which  the  climate  was  suit- 
able, and  by  that  means  they  might  be  able  to  find  their 
correct  nomenclature  and  the  best  varieties,  instead  of 
having,  as  at  present,  to  grope  in  the  dark  and  obtain 
what  they  wanted  from  nursery  catalogues.  Messrs. 
Dickson. &  Co.  exhibited  the  newer  forms  of  Rasps  in 
cultivation  ;  from  Hay  Lodge,  Trinity,  herbaceous 
flowers  were  sent  ;  and  Mr.  Finlayson,  Kedhouse,  ex- 
hibited a  new  seedling  Gooseberry,  for  which  he  w.is 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate. 


DUNDEE     HORTICULTURAL     ASSO- 
CIATION. 

The  monthly  meeting  of  this  Association  was  held  in 
the  Young  Men's  Rooms  on  Friday  evening  ;  Mr.  W.  R. 
M'Kelvie  in  the  chair.  Mr.  W.  Williamson,  gr.,  Tarvit, 
Cupar,  read  a  paper  entitled,  "Judging  at  Flower 
Shows."  He  controverted  at  the  outset  a  popular  error 
that  gardeners  who  are  in  the  habit  of  competing  in  fruit 
competitions  frequently  undercrop  their  fruit  for  the 
purpose  of  having  extra  large  specimens.  He  held  that 
to  take  less  fruit  irom  a  tree  thar  what  it  can  bear  and 
bring  to  perfection  is  a  waste  of  tissue  and  a  strain  en 
the  (unctions  of  the  plant  which  has  a  detrimental  effect 
and  defeats  the  end  desired  to  be  attained.  Nothing, 
therefore,  can  be  gained  by  undercropping,  and  the 
charge  ought  rather  to  be  ol  moderate  cropping.  Mr. 
Williamson  then  described  the  qualifications  necessary  in 
those  elected  for  the  office  of  iudge  at  flower-shows. 
He  thought  those  connected  with  the  nursery  trade,  or 
gardeners  who  made  any  particular  branch  a  specialty,  were 
the  most  suited  for  this  office.  The  present  system  of  judg- 
ing by  points  he  thought  defective,  in  so  far  that  the  maxi- 
mum number  of  points  was  always  struck  too  low,  which 
made  it  almost  impossible,  in  the  case  of  large  collections, 
to  arrive  at  a  just  result.  He  submitted  a  specimen  card 
suited  for  a  competition  of  twelve  varieties  of  fiuit,  a  copy 
of  which  could  be  handed  to  the  judges  before  com- 
mencing. One  column  contained  the  maximum  number 
of  points  assigned  to  each  species,  commencing  with  a 
maximum  of  seven  points  for  a  Pine-apple,  and  gradually 
decreasing  the  maximum  number  as  the  intrinsic  or 
commercial  value  ol  the  article  decreased,  till  at  -Apples 
and  Cherries  he  allowed  a  maximum  of  only  two  and 
one  respectively.  These  points  being  fixed  on  before  com- 
mencing to  judge,  it  then  only  remained  jor  the  judges 
to  fill  up  the  blank  columns  with  points  proportioned 
according  as  the  different  exhibits  approached  nearest 
perfection  or  the  ma.ximum  number  ;  then  by  adding 
each  column  it  would  be  found  which  had  the  highest 
number  of  marks.  The  paper  gave  rise  to  an  interesting 
discussion,  and  was  admitted  to  be  a  valuable  contribu- 
tion towards  a  recognised  scheme  of  judging,  whereby 
the  individual  and  sometimes  erratic  tastes  of  judges  may 
be  authoritatively  guided.  Mr.  W.  Alison,  Seaview, 
exhibited  fine  specimens  of  a  seedling  double  Begonia. 


Rice  Fermentation. — In  the  last  issue  of  AV;c 
Commercial  Plants  and  Drug!,  Mr.  T.  Christy 
pointed  out  the  practical  importance  of  the  study  of 
fermentation,  and  this  has  been  further  proved  by 
some  subsequent  experiments.  We  understand  it  has 
been  discovered  that  if  Rice  is  reaped  shortly  before 
it  is  actually  ripe,  and  laid  in  a  heap  for  a  time,  so 
that  slight  fermentation  is  induced,  a  delicious  flavour 
is  thereby  imparted  to  the  grain.  Later  on  we  hope 
(o  cive  fuller  information  on  this  matter.  Planter?^ 
Gazelle, 


INDIAN    NOTES. 

Chick  Houses —Some  notes  have  lately  ap- 
peared in  your  journal  under  the  above  heading, 
and  although  they  contain  many  assertions  which 
would  barely  pass  unchallenged  were  they  pub- 
lished in  India,  I  do  not  propose  to  criticise 
them  generally  ;  but  I  must  take  exception  to  an 
assertion  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  June  20 
in  which  the  writer  of  the  notes  claims  to  be  the 
originator  of  the  Chick-house,  and  must  protest 
against  the  claim.  "  Chick-houses," better  known  as 
"  Betel-houses,"  have  been  used  for  ages  in  India  for 
the  cultivation  of  the  P.in  leaf  (Piper  betel,  Linn.),, 
and  the  credit  for  adopting  the  principle  is  due  to  the 
late  Dr.  Anderson,  Superintendent  of  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens  near  Calcutta.  Dr.  Anderson  died 
in  1870,  and  as  the  writer  of  the  notes  states  that  it 
was  in  the  year  1S73  he  constructed  the  first  chick- 
house,  there  cin  be  no  question  as  to  who  was  the 
first  in  the  field.  That  my  assertion  may  not  stand 
by  itself,  I  add  the  following  extract  from  the  late 
Rev.  T.  C.  Firminger's  well-known  Manual  of  Gar- 
tiening  for  Bcns^al  and  Upper  India,  3d  edition, 
p.  36  :  — "  Some  time  ago  the  happy  thought  occurred 
to  Dr.  Anderson  that  structures  somewhat  similar  to 
which  the  natives  of  Bengal  have  from  time  imme- 
morial grown  the  Pan,  or  Betel  plant,  might  be 
employed  with  advantage  in  the  cultivation  of  plants 
that  in  Nature  exist  in  a  climate  nearly  alike  to  that  in 
which  the  Betel  does.  The  attempt  was  made,  and 
proved  a  wonderful  success."  I  may  add  that  "  Fir- 
minger"  (as  the  book  is  generally  called)  is  no  obscure 
work,  but  may  be  seen  in  almost  every  home  in  India. 
Bhundari,  Dustypor,e,  July  II. 


CANADA. 

Office  for  Agriculture,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  July  24.  — I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  say  that, 
since  writing  to  you  a  week  ago,  we  have  been  enjoy- 
ing delightful  weather,  the  thermometer  not  going 
much  below  70"  Kahr.  in  the  shade,  and  usually 
standing  at  about  5'  higher.  We  have  had  frequent 
genial  showers  of  rain  without  any  wind,  and  the 
fruit  on  the  Apple  trees,  which  was  beginning  to  drop 
on  account  of  the  drought,  is  swelling  well  ;  there  is 
every  prospect  of  an  excellent  sample,  and  of  a  fair 
yield  for  most  sorts,  with  the  exceptions  mentioned 
in  previous  reports.  Strawberries  have  been  very  fine 
and  abundant  this  season,  prices  unusually  low. 
Daring  the  last  and  present  week  we  have  had  in  the 
Halifax  market  a  fruit  not  known  in  Covent  Garden, 
viz.,  the  "Bake  Apple"  (Rubus  chamaemoru*^).  Tt 
grovs  abundantly  in  swampy  ground  at  sea  level.  We 
have  no  hills  in  Nova  Scotia  as  high  as  those  on 
which  it  grows  in  Scotland,  Ct-orge  Lawson,  Secnlary 
for  Agricullure. 

Manitoba. — It  may  be  interesting  to  some  of  your 
readers  to  know  a  little  about  the  wild  fruits  of 
Southern  Manitoba,  Canada.  At  the  time  I  write 
(July  6)  the  following  are  the  wild  fruit  prospects  : — 
Plums,  two  sizes,  alight  crop.  Cherries,  two  sizes— small 
red  and  small  black — good  crop.  Currants  (black) 
fair  size,  good  crop— red,  small  crop,  light.  Goose- 
berries, fair  cri^p.  Strawberries,  ordinary  crop,  now 
ripe.  Cranberries,  heavy  crop.  Raspberries,  heavy 
crop.  The  wild  Hops  grow  in  abundance  here,  and 
one  kind  of  hardy  Azalea  ;  a  few  Ferns,  also  a  hardy 
ground  Cedar,  a  trailer,  and  evergreen.  The  Tiger 
Liley  grows  wild,  and  is  now  in  its  glory.  I  shall  be 
happy  to  supply  information  respecting  this  fine 
country.  There  are  good  openings  for  farmers  with 
capital,  good  farms,  and  plenty  of  wild  game.  I 
should  like  a  visit  from  English  farmers,  and  would 
show  them  this  fine  country  with  pleasure.  I  am  pre- 
paring packages  of  seed  of  some  of  our  native  plants 
which  have  been  asked  for  by  some  correspondents. 
James  Rooked  Pilot  Moiind^  Southern  Manitoba^ 
Canada, 


©ijttuarg, 

Mr.  W.  Seale.  —  With  regret  we  announce  the 
death  of  Mr.  William  Seale,  the  respected  nursery- 
man of  The  Gardens,  Wildernesse,  Sevenoaks.  lie 
had  been  in  failing  health  lor  some  time,  and  died  on 
August  6,  aged  sixty.  He  will  be  remembered  by 
many  friends  in  Kent  and  the  adjoining  county  as 
figuring  in  the  prize-lists  of  Dahlias,  Gladioli,  &c., 


and  also  at  the  London  and  other  shows  with  table 
decorations.  He  was  held  in  great  respect  by  a  large 
circle  of  friends  in  the  neighbourhood,  where  he  had 
been  a  nurseryman  all  his  lile. 


STATE  Olf  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Alglsf  12,  i88g. 


HygroiAe- 

Incal    De 

Barometer        Temperature  op 

Wind. 

^                                      1                   THE  AIR. 

Glaisher's 

J 

, 

g 

1 

< 

So 

S 

i 

-2  .i-o 

^ 

s 

..    2° 

.S    °ii 

i,d 

i 

^ 

^   '  =  rt    u  «j  S 

E'S 

1 

X 

i 

s  '1° 

=  <  0 
If 

a" 

(3 

Sk« 

^ 

Aug, 

In. 

In. 

, 

^ 

[in. 

6 

2974 

-0.01 

72  5  52  5 

200 

606 

-  1-5  54  9 

83 

E.S.E.  0.26 

7 

29  59 

-01671.251.5 

19.7 

589 

-  ^.153.6 

83{ 

W.S.W.  °"3 

8 

«97S 

o.ro[7,..'52.o 

19   I 

59  7 

-^2.355.0 

8S 

S.W. 

00) 

9 

29  75 

9oo>3.o'54.o 

19.0 

6.  4 

-  0.752.8 

74{ 

S.  : 

s.s.vir. 

0.O3 

10 

21)  SO  -08673.557  0 

16,5 

607 

-  1-452.3 

73 

s.s.w. 

000 

■■ 

2963    —0.16  71.1  S(  P 

17.1 

61.  J 

—  0.8  49  9 

66 

S.W. 

0.00 

I!    1  :g6o  -0.1669.552.5 

170 

60.2 

-  20 

51  2 

72 

S.W, 

0.0s 

1 













_— . 

Mean 

_ 

29.65 

I^te"^ 

.8.3 

60  4 

—  J.7 

S".8 

77 

S.W.    0.36 

Aug.    6.— Fine  day  ;  thunderstorm  at  6  i-.M.  ;  lightning  from  i 

—  7.— Fine  day:  thunder  heard  at  11  am..  4  p..m.,  audi 

.  r.M. ;  rainbow  at  6  r.  m.  ;  lightning  at  night. 

—  S. — Fine  day  and  night. 

—  i>— Fine  day,  sun  shining  occasionally. 

10.— Fine,  dull  morning  ;  brighter  in  afternoon  ;  lightnini 
at  night. 

—  II. — Fine  day,  alternately  clear  and  cloudy  ;  very  windy. 

—  i;. — Fine   day,   bright  mostly  ;    very  windy  :    rain    fioii 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  S,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.0S  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.91  inches  by  5  p.m. 
on'  the  4i.h,  increased  to  29  98  inches  by  5  r.M.  on 
the  5ih,  decreased  to  29  75  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the 
7ih,  and  was  29  96  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  ol  the  sea  was  29  95  inches,  being  0.30 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.02  inch  higher  than 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  72^.5,  on  the  6ih  ;  on 
the  3'I  the  highest  was  65°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  70^*. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  48°,  on  the  4th  ; 
on  the  2d  the  lowest  temperature  was  53°.S.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
5'°-9- 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
24°,  on  the  4lh  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  3d,  was 
11°.  6.  The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
18'.  I. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  2d,  59°.8  ; 
on  the  3d,  57°. 8  ;  on  the  4lh,  59°. 2  ;  on  the  5th, 
5S°.2  ;  on  the  6ih,  60.6;  on  the  7ih,  58°. 9  ;  and 
on  the  Sth,  59°, 7;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
average  by  2°.5,  4°.4,  3°,  3°. 9,  i°.5,  3°.i,  and  2°.3 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  59*'.2, 
being  4°. 3  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°.o  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  129°,  on  the  7ih.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  120°. 4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  the  grass  was  39°,  1,  on  the  4th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  44°. I. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  four  days  to  the  amount  of 
o°.53  inch. 

England  :  Temperature,— Dariag  the  week  end- 
ing August  8,  the  highest  temperatures  were  78" 
at  Truro,  74°  at  Cambridge,  72°  at  Plymouth  and 
Blackheath  ;  the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  63°,  at 
Newcastle,  64°  at  Bristol  67",  The  general 
mean  was  69°.  6. 


220 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  18 


The  lowest  temperatures  were  40°  at  Truro,  43° 
at  Bristol  and  Sunderland  ;  the  lowest  at  Notting- 
hnm  51°,  at  Newcaslle  50°,  at  Cambridge,  48°. 5. 
The  general  mean  was  45'- 7* 

The  greatest  ranges  were  3S'  at  Truro,  28". 5  at 
rivmouih,  2b  at  L?eds ;  the  least  ranges  were, 
14'  at  Newcastle,  iS°.3  at  Xotlingham,  2o'.6  at 
Liverpool.     The  general  mean  was  23°. 

The  mean  of  (he  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackhealh  and  Cambridge,  70",  at 
Truro  6S°.  7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sunderland,  59.8, 
at  Newcaslle  60°. I,  at  Bolton  61°. 7.  The  general 
mean  was  64  .8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Newcastle,  52°.$,  at  Noitingham  and 
Preston  52'.4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Tiuro,  46°  9,  at 
Wolverhampton  47°.3,  at  Bolton  4S°.9.  The  general 
mean  was  50".  8. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro,  21°. 8, 
at  Camtiridge  lS°.6,  at  B'ackhealh  iS°.i  ;  and  was 
least  at  Newcaslle,  7'.6,  at  Sunderland  S°.8,  at  Shef- 
Held  10°  6.     The  general  .mean  was  14°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackhealh, 
59'.2,  at  Cambridge  58°. 9,  at  Brighton  58  .  i  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton  and  Bolton,  53  .5,  at 
Sunderland  53°. 7.     The  general  mean  was  56°.o. 

i?a;«.— The  largest  falls  were  3.17  inches  at  New- 
castle, 2  81  inches  at  Sunderland,  2  02  inches  at 
Truro  ;  the  smallest  falls  were  0,21  inch  at  Brighton 
and  I'reston,  at  Bradfonl  0.26  inch.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  1. 06  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperanire.—'Daung  tho  week  end- 
ing August  8,  the  highest  temperature  was  76°,  at 
Greenock  ;  at  Leiih  the  highest  temperature  was 
63°.8.     The  general  mean  was  69°. 4 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  39',  at 
Verih  ;  at  Lei;h  the  lowest  temperature  was  4S'.6. 
The  general  mean  was  44". 8. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  I'aisley, 
58' 8  ;  at  Edinburgh,  55  .1.  The  general  mean  was 
56°  4. 

A'am.— The  largest  fall  was  1.53  inch,  at  Leiih, 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.47  inch,  at  Aberdeen.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.02  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


had  undergone  a  decided  change,  the  barometer  being 
highest  over  France,  while  deep  depressions  passed 
along  our  west  and  north-west  coasts.  The  wind 
became  south-westerly  and  south  generally,  and  on 
the  gth  and  loth  it  blew  a  gale  in  the  west  and 
north. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  .\ug  10,  1885  ;  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  has  been  very  cloudy 
or  dull  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  with  rather  heavy 
falls  of  rain  in  most  i^laces,  accompanied  in  some 
localities  by  thunder  and  lightning. 

The  U:i!piralure  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  deficit  varying  from  i°in  "  Scotland,  N.," 
"  Eni»lan.l.  N  E.,"  "England,  S.,"  and  "Scotland, 
W  ,  '  to  3'  in  Ireland  and  over  central  and  norih- 
ueaiern  England,  and  to  4°  in  "England,  S.W." 
The  maxima,  which  were  generally  registered  on  the 
lo'.h,  varied  between  63°  and  69*  in  Scotland, 
between  69°  and  75°  in  Ireland,  and  from  71°  to  77' 
in  most  of  the  English  districts.  The  minima  were 
recorded  either  on  the  6lh  or  jh,  when  the  thermo- 
meter fell  to  37"  in  "  ICngland,  S."  (at  Marlborough), 
to  40°  in  "  England,  S.W.,"  and  to  between  41'  and 
50"  elsewhere. 

The  Rainfall  has  been  rather  less  than  the  mean 
in  "England,  E."  and  "England,  S.,"  but  more 
in  all  other  districiF,  the  excess  over  north  and  central 
England,  in  the  south  of  Ireland  and  west  ol  S rot- 
land  being  considerable. 

Briohl  SunsJiine  has  been  less  prevalent  than  for 
some  time  past,  the  percentages  of  the  possible  amount 
of  duration  ranging  from  15  to  25  in  the  more 
northerly  parts  of  the  Kingdom  to  37  or  38  in  the 
S  W.  and  south  of  England,  and  to  56  in  the  ' '  Channel 
Islands." 

Dep  esshns  Olsetveil. — At  the  commencement  of 
the  period  a  small  shallow  depression  was  moving  in 
a  south-west  direction  over  the  St.  George's  Channel, 
finally  disappearing  to  the  southward  of  Ireland.  This 
was  succeeded  by  numerous  small  and  very  shallow 
depressisns  ;  which,  after  forming  a  large,  loW:pres- 
sure  system  over  England,  moved  slowly  away  to  the 
eastward.  During  the  prevalence  of  these  condi- 
tions north-easterly  winds  were  general  in  the  north 
and  west,  and  light  airs — chiefly  from  the  westward — 
n  the  south.       By  S  a.m.  on  the  oth  the   distribution 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Ai;aliahia  Doing  Bauly  :  P.  D.  T.  .\s  ibis  tree 
sufl'i-rs  much  from  a  wet  subsoil,  except  in  hilly  well 
drained  sites,  it  is  always  best  to  plant  it  on  a  hillock 
of,  say,  12  feet  in  diameter  at  the  base,  and  if  tlie  soil 
IS  at  all  stiff  to  mix  up  massive  lumps  of  rag  or  s.ind- 
stone.  If  your  soil  is  adhesive  and  the  ball  which 
contains  the  roots  would  be  hkelv  to  hold  together 
with  suitable  precautions,  it  would  be  advisable  in 
this  month  or  September  to  raise  it  2  feet,  and  under- 
pack  it  with  the  fresh  compost.  It  would  then  stand 
on  a  mound,  which  could  be  readily  made  ol  an 
unobjectionaljle  torm. 

BiiGONiA  :  C.  Fieldes.     A  very  fine  yellow. 

Book    os    Pkoi'Agating    Conifers    by    GRAiriNG. 

ANU     OTHKR      TREES     BY     SeED-CUTTINGS  :      G.     -i'. 

Sinf/lr.  For  guiding  principles  in  the  art,  and  prac- 
tical description  of  the  various  methods,  limes,  and 
seasons.  Tlie  Prapagalion  and  Impm'ement  of  Culii- 
vUed  Plants,  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Burbidge.  published  by 
Blackwood  &  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London,  would 
suit  your  purpose. 
Carn.vtioNn  :  5.  H.  Vou  would  do  well  to  send  iliem 
to  some  nurseryman  who  'grows  the  plants.  We  do 
not  make  any  charge  for  naming  plants. 
Eucalypti  :    A.  PJ.     Quite  impossible  to  name  them 

from  your  specimens. 
Franciscea  and  Plujibago  rosea  :  Mrs.   Purleous. 
The  first-named  must  be  potted  in  a  mixture  of  fibrous 
peat  and  leaf-mould,  well  rotted,  in  equal  proportion, 
about  one-fourth  of  the  bulk   of  the  mass  of  sifted 
loam,   and    a  plentiful  quantity  of  silver-sand  being 
added.       Plants   must    be  shilted    immediately  afler 
flowering,  and  be  placed  in  a  stove,  pit,  or  dung-bfd 
frame,  wliere  the  temperature  ranges  Ironi  60°  to  70', 
and  when  well-rooted  they  must  be  liberally  supplied 
wilh  water.     Thev  can  remain  in  this  warmth  till  the 
autumn  months,  when  the  flower-buds  will  begin  to 
appear,  at  which  time  syringing  must  be  discontinued, 
and   the   plants    removed   10  an   intermediate-house. 
Cuttings   strike  easily  under  a  bell-glass,   in  bottom- 
heat.     Plumbago   rosea  grows   well  in  a  mixliire  of 
fibrous  peat  and  leaf-mould,  using  a  liberal  admixture 
of  silver-sand.     The  old  plants  may  be  shaken  out  in 
February  or  March,  dividing  the  roots  and  repotting 
them  five  or  six  in  a  32-sized  pot.     The  pots  must  be 
well  drained,  as  the  plant  is  greedy  in  the  matter  of 
water  when  growing  freely.     Bottom-heat  nol  essen- 
tial, but  the  plants  do  ve'ry  well  in  a  Pine  or  forcing- 
pit.      They  require  to  be  grown   near  the  glass,  or 
spindly  growth  is  made,  and  the  lower  leaves  are  aft 
to  fall,  which  disfigures  the  plants.     Sufficient  shading 
must  be  used  to  prevent  scorching,  but  enough  must 
be  allowed  to  fall  on  them  to  thoroughly  mature  the 
growth,  or  but  little  flower  can  be  expected   in    the 
autumn  and  winter  months. 
Fu-jgus  on  Onions  :    IV.  H.  B.     The  destruction  of 
die  Onions  is  brought  about  by  a  fungus  allied  to  the 
fungus   of  the    Potato  disease,    named    Peronospora 
Schleideniana.      As  in  your  case  other  moulds,   or 
mildews,  soon  fix  on  the  places  which  have  been  in- 
jured by   the  Peronospora.     You   are   quite   right  in 
supposing  that  sowing  too  often  in  the  same  ground 
aids  the  disease,  as  the  fungus  produces  resting-^pores, 
which   were   first    illustrated   by    Mr.   W.    G.  Smith. 
These  resting-spores  hibernate  in  the  ground  during 
the  winter,    and    germinate  and    attack    the    young 
Onions  in  the  following  summer. 
Fungus  under  Palm  ;    F.  S.   T.    The  fungus  under 
Palm  is  a  kind  of  semi-subterranean  Puffball.  named 
Scleroderma  vulgare.     Yours  is   the  smoolh-tkinned 
variety.     It  is  common,  and  sometimes  mi^t^ken  for 
the  1  ruffle.     Not  edible.    W.  G.  S. 
Gooseberries:   A.  Z.     Whitesmith.     It  may  be  ob- 
tained ol  almost  any  nurseryman. 
Grapes  with  Me.\lv-Bug,  &c.,  and  Peach    Sionks 
Splitting  :   T.    If.    The  Grapes  are  of  a  fine  size, 
but  deficient  in  bloom  and  colour.     You  are  perhaps 
croppnig   too  heavily,  and   venlilating    insufticiently. 
The  mealy-bug  on  them,  which  you  ought  to  slram 
every  nerve  to  eradicate  in  the  winter,  maybe  washed 
off  bv  applying  pure  water  by  means  of  a  hose  with  a 
nozzle.     In  the  state  they  are  now  you  need  not  be 
squeamish.     You  can  cut  bunches   intended  for  use  in 
a  day  or  two,  and  hold  them  under  a  tap  of  running 
water,  and  thus  rid  them  of  bug,  hanging  them  up  in 
a    shady   airy    place     till    dry.      The    Peaches     are 
getting  too  much  water  at  the  roots.     It  is  almost  too 
late   to  expect  much   benefit  from  a  dryer  treatment 
now,  the  damage  being  beyond  remedy  as  regards  the 
ripening  fruit. 
Gumming  of  Araucaria  imbricata  :  Mrs.  Crmo'cy. 
In  reply  to    the  inquiry  as  to  the  probable  cause  of 
gum    exuding  from  the  main  stem  of  .-Vraucaria  im- 
tri.ata,    and'also  whether  a  styptic  would  be  likely 
to  Slop  it,  I  may  say  that,  except  under  very  favour- 
able circumstances,  this  Araucaria  is  rarely  seen  at  its 
best  in  this  country  ;  in  a  great  many  soils   it  grows 
fairly  for  ten.  twenty,  or  even  thirty  years,  when  indi- 
cations of  distress  nol  nnfrequently  exhibit  themselves, 


in  impaired  vigour,  as  described  above,  exuding  gum 
on  the  main  stem,  and  portions  dying  off.  This  may 
be  occasioned  by  a  variety  of  causes — amongst  others 
by  exposure  to  a  very  low  temperature,  which  does  not 
altogether  kill,  but  often  seriously  injures  and  induces 
exudation  ol  gum.  In  this  case  the  gumming  process 
has  been  going  on  for  more  than  two  years,  and  as 
the  tree  is  still  comparatively  vigorous  the  chances  are 
it  may  recover,  it  this  has  been  the  cause.  Another 
common  cause  of  .^raucarias  becoming  unhealthy  is 
where  the  roots  have  reached  a  cold  wet  subsoil,  it 
may  be,  at  a  very  considerable  depth.  As  the  .\rau- 
caria  will  only  Ihrive  in  an  open  porous  subsoil  the 
remedy  is  deep  draining,  to  remove  the  stagnant 
water.  They  delight  in  a  deep,  rich,  hazely  loam,  on  a 
dry  subsoil,  and  thrive  well  in  districts  where  con- 
siderable rainfall  occurs.  Top-dressing  might  improve 
the  vigour  of  the  tree.  No  styptic  is  likely  to  be  of 
the  slightest  use  in  stopping  the  exudation  of  gum. 
A.  Fowler,  Castle  Kennedy,  Wi,^t(mnshirc. 
Mormodes  ;  B.  From  the  Greek  mormo,  signifying  a 
bogey,  or  some  object  of  idle  fear  ;  and  eidos,  likeness 
as  the  latter  word  is  neuter,  the  neuter  form  mn  has  ; 
been  used. 
Names  OF  Plants  :  W.Seatl.  i,  Funkialancifolia;  2. 
Betonica  oflicinalis  ;  3,  Veronica  longifolia;  4.  Sta- 
chjs.— A'.  G.  B.  Silaus  pratensis.— 7.  J.  W.  Nar- 
theciiim  ossilragum.  —  G.  IV.  B.  i,  Spircea  aria;- 
f.lii;  2,  Thalictrum  flavum  ;  3,  Hemerocallis  flava  ;  4. 
Stenaclis  speciosa  ;  5.  Bocconia  cordata  ;  6,  Veronica 
longifolia  ;  7,  V.  longifolia  var.— fi.  J.  J.  Achiltea 
ptarmica,  double  variety  :  a  very  old  plant.— K  P. 
Spirsa  venusta.— 7.  Oscar.  Lysimachia  nummulana. 
—  7'.  Denny.  Spircea  arimlolia,  Platycodon  grandi- 
florum,  the'  others  too  imperfect  to  name.— C.  M. 
Omen.  Azara  dentata,  Lonicera  japonica,  Campanula 
Trachelium.  and  C.  olympica.— iV.  A'eives.  Mutisia 
decurrens,  Tritonia  Pottsii.— II''.  T.  Cutklgk.  Cus- 
cuta  europaea.— //az-Av/  6"  Co.  Chicory,  Cichorium 
intybus.— /.  i,  Juncus  bufoniiis;  2,  Aira  cxspilosa  ; 
3,  Agroslis  vulgaris  ;  4,  Melilolus  alba  ;  5,  Hieracium 
prenanthoidcs  ;  6,  H.  subaudum.— 7.  B.  M.  Melt- 
lotus  olficinalis.  —  J.  Turton.  Probably  Brassia 
Keitiana.  —  II-".  H.  S.  Dipladenia  amabilis.— G. 
Greig.  Cattleya  gigas,  a  singular  mottled  variety, 
whether  constant  or  not  remains  to  be  seen. — A.  C. 
Stanhopea  insignis. 
Odontoglossums  Doing  Badly  :  H.  H.  The  plants 
are  probably  grown  in  a  too  high  and  moist  tempera- 
ture ;  the  ventilation  is  also  deficient,  and  shading 
may  not  have  been  carefully  attended  to. 
Oncidrim    Lanceanl'm  :    //.  M.   H.    Yes  ;    a  good 

variety. 
PiCEA  PUNGENS,  &c. :  A.  C.  There  is  a  P.  pungens, 
and  there  is  a  P.  Engelmanni,  and  there  are  glaucous 
varieties  of  both.  It  is  very  diflicull  to  distinguish 
them  from  small  scraps.  What  you  call  pungens  is. 
we  beheve,  Engelmanni  ;  What  you  name  Menziezii 
glauca  is,  we  believe,  Engelmanni  ;  and  your  Engel- 
manni glauca  is  correctly  named.  From  this  you  will 
see  that  you  have  not  the  true  pungens  at  all.  1  he 
variety  pungens  glauca.  better  know'n  as  Parryana 
glauca.  is  far  the  best  when  really  good,  but  it  is  often 
confounded  with  Engelmanni  glauca.  In  the  case  of 
seeds  from  the  same  cone  the  diversities  are  great,  so 
that  it  is  no  wonder  there  is  confusion.  The  best  way 
is  to  go  to  a  nursery  and  pick  the  be^t,  irrespective  of 
the  name. 
Purple  Carnation  :  W.  C.  I  he  flower  sent  must  be 
reckoned  a  very  good  one  of  its  class  ;  it  is  full  of  much 
substanc",  and  the  colour  is  uncommon.  That  you 
should  have  raised  it  from  the  white  Susan  Askeyis 
also  remarkable. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 
Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Highgale,  London— Hyacinths, 

Tulips,  and  other  Bulbous  Roots. 
Dammann  &  Co.,  Naples  — New  Flowers,  Fruits,  and 

Vegetables. 

Co.MMiNicATiONs  RECEIVED.— W.  Cribb.-W.  L.— H.  R.N. 
-I.  S.— J.  R— R.  M.— E.  P.,  Ghent.— C.  H.— J.  Picard 
&Co.-J.r,eorBe  received  with  thanks).-J.  D.— T.  M.- 
Dr.  Bull  -J,  G.  B.-G.  R  J.-C.  J— M.  D.-J.  L.  &  Co. 


[arhfts. 


C0VEN7    GARDEN,    August    13. 
Heavy    consignments  still  to  hand,   with    business 
quiet.    James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 
Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

per  do/en  . .  ..30-.. 
Beans,  fcng..  per  lb.  04-.. 
Beet,  per  dozen  . .  10-.. 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  6-  2  ( 
Carrots,  per  bunch . .  06-  . . 
Cauliflowers,  Eng- 
lish, spring.perdoz.  2  o-  4  c 
Celery,  per  bundle..  16-21 
Cucumbers,  each  . .  o  6-  i  c 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  20-.. 
Garlic,  per  lb.  ..  06-  .. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  02-0. 
Horse  Radish,  bun.  1  o-  4  < 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz.  16-.. 
—  English  Cos,  doz.    16-.. 

P.1TATO! 


ket I  o-  r 

Onions,  per  bushel..  60-  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  6-  . 
Parsley,  per  bunch.  .04-. 
Peas,  per  quart  . .  i  o-  i 
Radishes,  per  dozen  i  o-  a 
Small   salading,    per 

punnet       . .  ..04-. 

Spinach,    per  bushel  4  o-  . 
Tomaros,  per  lb.     . .   o  6-  c 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  o  6- 
Vegetable  Marrows, 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


221 


-Av 


;  WlIOLESA 


;  Fki. 


Apples,  per  J^-sie^ 
Cherries,  J^ -sieve 
Currants,  red,  J^-si 
—  black,  }6-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries,  J^-sie 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


,  (/. 


r  I  o-  3  o    Kent  Filberts 

,  4  o-io  o  !  Lemons,  per  case    ..] 

.30-36:  Meluns,  each 

,   4  6-  4  Q     Feaches,  per  daz.    . . 

.  20-..       Pine-apples.  Eng.  .lb. 

220-23!    —  St.  Slichael,  each 

,  o  9-  2  o  [  Plums,  %  sieve 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesa 


:  Pru 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i 
Arbor-vitae  (golden), 
per  dozen  . .  . .   6  o-i 

—  (common),  dozen  6  o-i 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  o-i 
Bouvardia,  dozen  ..  9  0-1 
Calceolarias,  do;^.  ..40- 
Camations,  12  pot-...  6  0-1 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  o-i 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

—  \'iridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 

per  dozen  . .         . .  6  0-18  o 
Evergreens,   in  var., 
\  er  dozen  . .         . .  6  0-24  o 
:a,  each..  16-70 
r.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


^60  o 


Ferns, 


CvT  Flowers. — Aver.i 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Abulilon,  12  bunches  20-40 
Arum  Lilies,  i2blms.  30-60 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  06-10 
Carnations,  12  bun...  20-40 
~  12  blooms  ..  10-20 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  20-40 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  30-60 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  30-50 
Lapageria,  white,  12 

blooms       ..  ..20-30 

—  red,  12  blooms  ..  10-20 
Lavender,  12  bunch.  40-60 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms.,  ..   26-50 

Marguerites,  12  bun.  30-60 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  16-30 


I  Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
'      ous,  each  ..         ..  : 
Fuchsias,  per  'dozen  ^ 
Hydrangeas,  dozen..  £ 
Lilium  auratum,  per 

dozen  ..  ..1= 
—  longifolium,  doz.  5 
Lobelia,  per  doz.  . .  3 
,  Marguerite  Daisy, 
j  per  dozen  . .  ..  £ 
Musk,  per  dozen  ..  2 
J  Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  i 
j  Palms     in     variety, 

j  Pelargoniums,       per 
I      dozen        ..         •■'   t 
!    —  scarlet,  dozen    ..  ; 
Rhodanthe,  per  doz.  t 

GE  Wholesale  Prices 


J  trusses  ( 


Pinks. 

Primula, double,  ban.  o  9- 
Rhodanihe,  12  bun.  6  o-  c 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  1  o-  ; 

—  coloured,    dozen  2  o-  . 

—  per  doz.  bunches  2  o-  ( 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  2  6-  . 
Sweet  Peas.  12  bun.  20-. 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

bunches     ..         ..30-1 
Tropaeolum,  12  bun.  i  o- 


SEEDS. 


London  :  Au,^.  12. — In  consequence  of  ihe  recent 
rains  there  has,  during  the  last  few  days,  been  an 
improved  inquiry  for  those  descriptions  of  seeds  needed 
for  present  sowing.  White  Mur^tard  seed,  in  particular, 
has  been  in  active  request,  at  a  substantial  advance  m 
values.  Trifolium,  also,  is  somewhat  firmer,  and  niLCts 
a  fair  sale.  The  supplies  for  the  moment  are  not  over, 
abund.int.  Essex  Rape  seed  continues  exceedingly 
cheap.  New  winter  Tares  are  coming  forward  at  very 
moderate  rales.  For  sowing  Rye  the  inquiry  is  small. 
English  Italian  Rye-grass  opens  very  cheaply.  There  is 
nothing  yet  doing  in  Clover  seeds.  Canary  and  Hemp 
seed  are  without  quotable  varialion.  John  Shaw  b*  Son- 
Sad  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London^  E.C 


CORN. 


At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  there  was  no  animation  in 
the  trade,  and  but  Htlle,  if  any,  change  in  prices  as  com- 
pared wiih  the  previous  Friday.  Ihe  broken  weather 
and  occasional  rain  are  against  the  condition  of  the 
English  supplies.  Flour  had  a  hardening  tendency  ; 
passing  transactions  were,  however,  upon  a  very  moderate 
scale.  The  trade  in  Barley,  both  i:nghsh  and  foreign, 
was  slow.  With  increased  arrivals  Beans  and  Peas  were 
dd.  lower.  Maize  was  firm,  flat  corn  more  especially. 
Oats  were  quiet,  and  inferior  qualities  about  3(/.  lower. 
— On  Wednesday  there  was  not  sufficient  doing  in 
Wheat  to  influence  quotations,  there  being  very  liille 
disposition  to  buy,  and  no  pressure  to  sell.  Flaur 
remained  quiet,  but  firm  ;  Barley  was  dull  ;  Beans, 
Peas,  and  Oats  were  a  slow  sale  at  late  value  ;  and  Maize 
was  firm,  but  quiet. — Average  prices  of  corn  for  the 
week  ending  August  8  : — Wheat,  335.  dd.  ;  Barley, 
27J.  \\d.  ;  Oats,  23J.  6rf.  For  the  corresponding  period 
last  year  ; — Wheat,  37J.  td.  ;  Barley,  23J.  ^d.  ;  Oats, 
23 r.  \d.  

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  sup 
plies  were  rather  large,  with  somewhat  dull  trade. 
Quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  8oj.  to  107^.;  prime  second 
cut,  85J.  to  107J. ;  inferior,  6o-f.  to  "j^s,  ;  new  clover, 
8aj.  to  951. ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  98^.;  inlerior,  36j-.  to 
6oi. ;  new  hay,  655.  to  90J. ;  and  straw,  28^.  to  38J.  per 
load. — On  Thursday  there  was  a  rather  large  supply  on 
sale.     The  trade  was  dull  at  Tuesday's  rates. 


POTATOS. 

The  Borough  Market  report  slates  that  moderate 
supplies  are  to  hand,  and  meet  a  quiet  demand.Quota- 
tions: — Regents,  120J.  to  1401.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  120T. 
to  140J.  ;  Early  Roses,  xios.  to  130X.  ;  Shaws,  95^^.  to 
iioj.  ;  kidneys,  130J.  to  1405.  per  ton. — The  imports  into 
London  last  week  consisted  of  20  bags  from  Boulogne, 
351  boxes  Harfleur,  37  packages  Rotterdam,  103  bags 
33  barrels  from  Hamburg. 


Qovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  99^  to  99J  for  both  delivery  and  the 
account.  The  figures  of  Wednesday  and  Thu-^sday  were 
99t  to  99I  for  both  transactions. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT.  bej,t  quality  for  Orchids, 
StovePlants,.S:c.,X;6  6f.perTruck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5J.  ;  5  Bags,  21J.  61/.  ;  10  Baas, 
ASi-.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  iw.  6^.  per  Bag. 
SILVIlR  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52^.  per  Truck  ot  4  Ton^. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough  Station,  Hams. 


A      GREAT      SUCCESS. 

JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to     ■ 
directionSAand  applied  with  an  ordinary  walerinR-can, 

EffectuaJly  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price,  3J.  6t/.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40-gallon  Casks, 
^4  lor.     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITAKY   COMPOUNDS   CQ.    (Limited), 


E.C. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1S59  against  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fty,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  :  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  (or  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tices  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  1^.,  y.,  and  icj.  6</. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td  and  \s  ,  (rom  the  Trade. 
Wholpsale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

'TiOBACcfo  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 

-L     most  effective,  14  lb.  (or  91.  ;    aS  lb.,   181.  ;    cwt.  70J. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manu'aciurer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton.  E. 

SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 

Varnish    is   the   cheapest    and  bet 
;  which  can  be  used  lor  all  outdoor 
s,   and    has  many  advantages   over 
L.     It  is  apolied  cold,  and   may  be 
*«Mt*^Tlty     •-"   ""   ^y    ^^^  ^^^"^  labourer  or  other  un- 
EPARM     ^l^'lled   person.       It   dues  quickly,  giving  a 
I  ITT     ll )    hard,  biilliant  polish,   and  looks  tqually  as 
ly  ^T  I  ffi    **="  ^*  "''  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  the  coit. 
PR  ICE  in  Casks,  containing  not  less  than 
g  gallons,    delivered    free  at    most    railway 
stations  :  —  Best    prepared    Jet    or    Black, 
IS.  6d.  per  gallon. 
,f  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing.  Gates, 
l*.'iiUiy  Fencing,  &c  ,  free  on  application. 

BAYLISS,    JONES.    &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  133  anl  141,  Caiiion  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Calalogu 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to    their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  lest  mateiials,  ai.d  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  (ew  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       jC  s    d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feel  )    v,^y..,     \       3  lo    o 

3.1ightf,ame,,=  feetby6feei^Ca«s;r«  =     5     ° 

6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet  J  (     ro     o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  (laming  for 
brick  p.ts  at  proportionately  low  prices, 

R.  HALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester, 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    <&    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    KOW,    LONDON,    E,C. 


&^ 


W  H  lASCELLES  and  CO  v  ill  give  estimates  for 
every  dtsciipiion  of  HORUCULTURAL  WOKk,  free  of 
charge  and  send  competent  -issistants  when  necessary. 

LASCtLLEb"  NEW  ROCKWOBK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  puces  obtained  at 

131,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post'free  on  application. 


C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSES  made  in  Lights,  glazed 
with  21-07.  glass,  and  piinted  three  coats  of  eood  oil  colour. 
Tenants'  Fixtures.  12  by  8  feet.  £23  19^.  For  Brickwork, 
^i6  171.  Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England 
and  Wales,  also  to  Edinburgh,  (Jla^gow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 
Illustrated  Catalogues,  post-free  two  penny  stamps. 

BOULTON    &    PAUL, 

NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL      BUILDERS      AND 
HEATING  ENGINEERS 


VILLA     GaEESHOTTSES 

Good  workmanship  anii  lowcbt  prices  in  the 
Kingdom,  With  all  the  latest  improvements, 
best  materials,  ventilation  without  draughts, 
and  perfect  glazing. 


Estimates  and  Lists  post-free. 

Gentlemen  waited  upon  in  every  part  of  the 
kingdom.  References  to  every  county  in 
England.  Surveys  made.  Plans  and  Estimates 
prepared  for  any  description  of  Horticultural 
Buildings.  Hothouses  of  any  design  estimated 
for,  and  built  of  the  best  material  and  workman- 
ship, with  strict  regard  to  economy  in  price. 


New  CATALOQTJES.  Post-free,  12  stamps. 


^GLftSSHOUSES&WEATiNG? 


BW-^A^I^«D^ST 


31a.  BEAUTORT  street,  CHELSEA,  S.I 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  aoo  feet  boxes 
3ds  and  4th3  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  larfte  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ot  16-OZ.  glass  io 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBQE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Joliu's  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  EC. 

Stock  List  and  Friers  on  applicatton.     Ouote  Chronicle. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOB,    CATTLE, 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  late.-t  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenliouse?,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 


Full  paiticular<;  may  be  had  on  application  t" 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


222 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  15,  1885. 


H 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Pre^servine  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithatandine  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  e:ich,  at  xs.  ed.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

*'  Pierce  field  Park,  June  2r,  1876 —sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adoress  a  bUck  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  wiih  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.-I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. WM.  Cox  " 

C/J^r/(>M-HiLL&  Smith  would  particularly  warn  iheir 
Custcmsrs  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
'I'estimomals  they  receive  siamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  *iih  their  name  and  Kegisteied 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  wiihout  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencu.g  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates   8:c.,  sent  free  on  apjjiication  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  SiafTords^hire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E  C,  ;  and  73,  Elmbat,k 
Street,  Glasgow. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
T      *  S  M  I  TH'S     IMPERliiHABLE 
*^  •  STRATFORD    L.-^EELS. 


The  Gardeners'  AJagazine  says  : — "  We  : 
lalm  before  all  other  plant  label?,  as  the  very  first  in  merit.' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label   Factory,  Siratford-nn-Av 

ELEVEN  SILVER       ?2fcjlL.^  MEDALS. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Potterv, 

O  WESTONSurEKMARE.  Manufacturer  of  TERKA- 
COTTA  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  EASKEl'S, 
BORDER  TILES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  I  to  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  (rost,  and  seldom  turn 
green:  ORCHID  FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS 
RHUBARB  and  SEAKALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  LIST  post-free.     Book  of  Designs,  is.  6d. 

BoBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
ate     made     in     maleiials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts  are  specially 
suited   for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  thsy  har- 
SluBs  or   Insects, 


take 


little 


ODce    put    down,  incur  no 
further    labour  or  expense,  —      - 

as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper 

GARDEN  VASE=.  KOUNTaINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  llone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  ui  ereat  varietv  of  desipn 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfnars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea  S  W  ■ 
Kingsland  Road,  E.  '      '  ' 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for   FoXLEVS    P.\TENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

(^RNAMENTAL     PAVING     TILES, 

V^  for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3S.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wuh  Prices,  sent  f.^r  selection 

WHIIE    GL.AZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Siahle 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants 

See  Addresses  above. 

C;      I      L     V     E      R  S     AND, 

.,.  '■".'."'■f'' "^^S';°'°,"  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  lu  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
S5,'?J',">'  •*="l*='y  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  bHICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Femeties 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rales  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whar'ves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


SPECIALLY    CHEAP   GLASS. 

Packing  Cases  free  and  not  returnable. 
100  squares  Glass  at  the  following  Prices  in  Leeds  :— 

■oz.  2[-cz  ;i  JO  squares  15  oz.,  8  by  6, 

by  8  for  105.  od.  for  -0,5  od.      or  250  squares.  8;  by  t\,   or 
4:?,  od.      110  squares,    gV    by   ii\,   or 
70  squares,  9  by  ^\,  or  150 
quates  TO  by  8.  fur  ic?  6,/. 
Putty,  \d  per  lb.  ;  Paint, 
eady  mixed,  in  1  lb..  2  lb,. 
3SS.  od.      41b,   and  71b.  tins,  at  $d. 
32r.  oV.      per  lb.     Other  sires  of  Glass 
35J.  o(/.       quoted  for  OD  application. 
)wn  Warehouse,  seldom  any  breakage, 
■ill  oblige  by  making  their  Frames  to  suit 
the  above  sizes. 


All  Glass  packed  n 
Intending  purchasers 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Work,   Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  2.1'.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  lying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.   BLACKBURN  and  SUNS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street, 
London,  E.C. 


GARDEN! 
S.      A. 


NETTING. 


SANDS 


Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Pr-tect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 

Fruit  from  Bids.  Wa,ps.  S;c. 

Pattern  anil  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 


BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH^  THREE-(jnAETER_  PLATE 
WATCHES. 
ENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.   465S) 

"  LUDGATE"  WATCH, 


B 


£5  5s 


£12  12s. 


Is  a  "Speci.il  Strength"  Silver  English  Lever,  my  best 

London  make,  wiih  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 
ye'^ve'lcd  throughput. 

Chronometer  balance,  ivtth  damp  and  djtsi -proof 
Patent  ring-band,  and  extended  barrel,  in 
Massive  sterling  silver  dome  cases 

With  crystal  glass  front. 

U'inds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  hack. 
The  superiority  in  value,  accuracy,  and  durability  of  the 
"  Ludgate  ■' W.,tch  over  ihe  Swiss  and  American  Keyless  and 
Non-Keyless  Watches,  made  in  Imitation  of  and  sold  as 
English  work,  and  the  ordinary  Full-plate  English  Watch  is 
enormous.  The  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  is  compact,  strong,  hand- 
some, and  durable.  Being  Three  Quarter  Piate.it  is  superior 
in  value  and  appearance  to  any  ^co  Watch  sold,  and,  being 
compensated,  it  keeps  perfect  time  ;  fitted  with  ci'ystal  front,  it 
combines  lb  ;  strength  of  the  Hunter  and  convenience  of  the 
open  face.  Of  my  best  LOndoamatce.it  will  last  a  lifetime, 
stand  rough  usage  of  all  a'ld  every  kind  without  damage,  and, 
being  made  in  three  sizes,  it  is  fur  the  above  reasons  suited  for 
Home,  Indian,  and  Colonial  use  by 

Gardeners,  Workmen,  and  Gentlemen. 

The'   Ludgate"  Watch  tsj'ar  sufeHor 
To  any  li^atch  at  thr!  price  yet  made,  and 
Will  be  icntjree  and  saje  at  our  risk 
To  all  parts  of  tlte  world  for  j£s  5s., 
Caih  or  P.O.O.  ;  or  in  hunting  cases,  £6  6s. 
Price  in  18-Carat  gOla,  crystal  glass  cases, 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J,  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three  ( )iurier  Plate  English  Watch  for;^5  5^.  in  Silver, 
or  X12  I2S.  in  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  *' Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  ot  any  Watchmaker  in  the  King- 
dom. Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  against.  A  BoolC  explaining  the  advantages  of 
this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate  English  Watches  sold  by  all 
other  makers,  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.     BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to    Her  Majesty  the  Qllee<^.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  HUl,  EC. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  ^2  to  ;^  500,  Gold  and 
SUver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House.  Chime,  and  Turret),  and 
Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


"SIMPLESS"  FLOWER-POT  CLEANSER. 

Will  Clean  any  sized  Pot  Inside  and  Out  at  same  lime 

wiihout  alteiation.     Can  be  Fixed  to  any 

Tub  or  Tank. 

Price  of  Cleanser,    without    Tub,   £2  12s.  6d. 

f.fss  jM  />,,-  cent,  for  Cnsh  -.vifli  Onier. 
Tub  supplied  if  required.      Piice  on  application. 

Orders  to  be  sent  to  Sole  Proprietor, 

W.  E.  BENNETT,  Tharstones,  Leyland,  near  Preston. 

105,000  Accidents, 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  bv  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ^£2^0.000  ;  Premium  Income,  /235,ooo. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Fa.quhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West. end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 

THE    COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 


ikh; 


,ith 


Price  yi.  ;  post-free  35^^. 

Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richards, 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  at  ihe  Office  of  the  Gari/ciicr's  Chronicle,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

F)EVUE  de  rHORTICULTURE  BELGE 
*J  et  E  1  R.\NGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review>~i2th  >  ear. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
.\.  Allard,  E.  Andre',  C.  lialtet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Cre'pin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindlConinck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C,  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pvnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  HuUe',  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  Svo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

TeiTns  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
145.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  dc  Bru.-5clles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent, 


WANTED,     a     PARTNER,    with     ^300. 
Nursery  Ground  (Flotisl's)  in  a  thriving  locality,  within 
5  miles  from  London  :  or  Lease,  Goodwill,  and  Stock  to  be  Sold 
at  a  low  figure.     Address  for  full  particulars, 
R.  LOMaX,  Esq  ,  Solicitor,  50A,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  HEAD   WORKING   GAR- 
DENER (experienced).— Apply  to  E.  G.  LODER. 
Esq.,  Floure,  Weedon,  Northamp-.onshire. 


WANTED,  as  UNDER  GARDENER,  a 
strong  active  man  who  understands  Vegetables  and 
Fruit  thoroughly,  and  Outdoor  Work  fenprally,  to  Assist  in 
Houses  and  undertake  Fowls,  Boots,  Knives,  and  Windows. 
Wages  24J.  Mu-t  be  married.  Age  24  to  30. — Apply  by  letter 
to  Mr.  RASCHEN.  58,  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 


Nursery  Foreman  Wanted 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  for 
Indoors  principally,  but  one  with  a  good  knowledge  of 
Outdoor  work,  as  well,  preferred.  Must  have  first-class 
references. — Apply  by  leiter,  stating  ag?,  references,  and  wages 
required,  to  JA.VIES  IVERY  and  SON,  The  Nurseries, 
Dorking,  Surrey. 

WANTED,  a  steady  and  industrious  MAN, 
to  grow  Mosses  and  F-rns,  and  willing  to  bs  generally 
useful. — Apply  personally  at  Waverley  Nurseiy,  Waverley 
Place,  St.  J..h[/s  Wood.  N.W. 


WANTED,  ONE  or  TWO  YOUNG  MEN 
fi.T  the  Houses,  who  have  had  great  experience  in 
Growing,  &c.,  able  lo  take  a  charge,  and  be  acquainted  wiih  the 
Value  of  Plants.  Wages  to  commence  with  i8j.  per  week.^ 
EDWIN   HILLIER,  The  Nurseries.  Winchester. 


WANTED,    a    SALESMAN    with    a    good 
knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs.     Salary  301.  per  week. 
—  A.  B  ,  liarr  &  Son,  12.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  or  middle-aged  MAN, 
with  a  good  general  knowledge  of  Trees  and  Plants,  to 
act  as  a  SALESMAN  and  an  ORDER  CLERK,  and  prjssibly 
to  occai^ionally  take  a  journey.  Applicants  will  please  furnisti 
particuUis  as  to  sge.  experience,  &c.,  in  iheir  own  handwiiting. 
-RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  St.  Johu's  Nu 
Worcester, 


WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
of  good  address,  not  over  20,  accustomed  to  a  pushing 
Seed  and  Floral  Business.  — Full  particulars  to  EDWIN 
HILLItR,  Floral  Depot.  Winchester. 


WANTED,  an  AbSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
one  who  has  served  at  least  four  years,  and  has  3  good 
knowledge  of  Counter  Wotk.  Age  18  to  20  years.  —  Apply,  in 
own  handwriting,  with  testimonials,  to  THOS.  IMRIE  and 
SONS,  Ayr. 


WANTED,  a  COUNTER  HAND,  who 
has  had  a  few  years'  experience  in  executing  Orders. 
Salary  to  commence  21J.  per  week.— C.  D.,  Barr  &  Sou,  IJ, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  good  PACKER,  to  take  charge 
of  the  Packing  Shed.  One  accustomed  to  Pack  Cases 
for  exDortation.  Liberal  wages  to  a  first-rate  man. — CRAN- 
STON'S NURSERY  AND  SEED  CO.  (Limited),  King's 
Acre,  Hereford. 


August  15,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


223 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.  — It  is  very  important 
in  Bemilting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
fi'led  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IF. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  and  sa J  est  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  '"Paste  Rest  ante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  ai  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Niirserfes.  Chrster.  are  always  in  a  po-iti'  n  to 
RECOMVIEND  MLN  of  ihe  highe^t  lesp^ciability  and 
thorOLiglily   pncucal  at  iheir   buiiness.  — Full  particulars,   wiLh 

TO  NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smarl,  soird.  and  thoroughly  compeleni 
STEWAKD-,  GAKDENERS,  &i:.-We  have  on  hand  rtppli- 
calions  from  several  Men  of  t^slcd  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c  ,  in  Obtaining  Men  specially 
sui-.ble  for  iheir  tequtrements  -VICCARS  COLLYtK  and 
CO..  i^ic-i»t:    a.   W    1    «KWS    Man  .Her. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
b-a  to  announce  that  they  ate  constantly  receiving 
applications  frcm  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wuh 
partlC-ilars.  &c.  — ^t.  Ji  hn's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

T"       O     LAi\DtD     PROPRIETORS,    &c.— A 
MclNtvKK  (tte  of  Victoria  faik)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undrr  ake    Forn.atiun  and    tl.uitina   of   New  Girden  and   Park 
Grounds,  ant  Remc'delling  exisltne  Gardens.      Plans  prepared. 
It;,   I  1  tria  Kj,k.  Slamtord  Hill.  N. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requlrlne  Land  Agents, 
Vlli  A.iiU,^,   ttAILltl'S.  or  G.^RDtNEKS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
limes  upon  their  Register  leiable  and  competent  iMEN. 
severa  ol  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Mes>rs.  Carter.— 
Enqui  le^  shou  d  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holborn.  W.  C. 

GARDENER  (Head)— A  Bonus  will  be 
oaii  to  any  one  proLUring  a  situation  for  Advertiser— 
not  Si -ale  handed.  Good  reference. ^M.,  51,  Lansdowne 
Road,  C   .vtinn. 


GARUENER  (MEAD).— First-class;  sixteen 
ye  irs'  thorough  practical  experience.  Hishly  le^om- 
mended  by  pre.ent  employer  Ch.rles  Hill,  Esq —WILLIAM 
BESWICK    Oevedon  Hall    Somer-et. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  43,  married, 
youngest  child  aged  7.  — P.  Bennett,  (or  fourteen  years 
Head  Gardener  to  Sir  W.  VV.  Burrell.  Bart  ,  M  P.,  and  s=ven 
years  in  prevent  s  luatiin  is  at  lifiertv  to  engage  in  the  same 
capacity.— The  Gardens    Culebiooke  Pi.rk.  Toubridge.  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head;,  where  not  less  than 
four  are  kept  —Age  28  :  several  years' experience  in  ilie 
differei]t  branches.  Thiee  ytars  as  Foreman  in  large  establish- 
ments. Goud  leferences.  — ALPHA,  Railway  Hotel,  Frimley, 
FamboroUih,  Hants. 

ARDENER    (He.\d)  ;    age    30.— Mr.   F. 

Thomson.  Gardener  to  W.  Baring,  E-q.,  Norman  Court, 
Dean,  Salisbury,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman 
(Wm.  Sheehan),  who  has  lived  with  him  nearly  three  years  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  se,  vices  of  a  th  .roushly 
competent  ami  trustworthy  man,  well  up  in  all  branches  of  his 
profession.  Highest  references  from  present  and  past  employers. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  33,  raarrieid, 
small  family  -H.  Hawkes,  Head  Gardener  at  the 
Royal  Bath  Hotel.  Bournemouth,  will  shortly  be  at  liberty  to 
engage  with  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  the 
services  of  a  thorough  practical  man.  Having  filled  the  position 
of  Head  Gardener  for  eleven  yeais  is  therefore  competent  to 
Manage  a  good  establishment  where  Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vege- 
tables are  required  in  quantity.  Upwards  of  three  years'  good 
character,  six  and  a  half  pievious  from  a  private  situation.  A 
private  place  prefeired  — Address  as  above. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working(.— Age  35  ; 

understands  Vines,  Flowers,  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Wife  good  Laundress  if  required.— A.  COLEMAN,  Arc  Place 
Lodge,  near  Hastings. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 

married  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business  in  all 
departments.  Excellent  character.— HEAD  GARDENER, 
Penton.  Andover. 

(^ARDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age  3!, 

V-*  married:  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all 
?.'!^„i.,„^'^'"  ''""'  sood  character  from  last  place.— 
GARDENER.  89,  Stoke  Newingtou  Road,  N. 

/■:i  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  with  four 

V-«  to  sx  men  under  him.— Wages,  30s.  per  week,  with 
boose,  coals,  &C.-HEAD  GARDENER,  Shaliman  Gardens 
Acton,  W. 

rrj.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  28, 

V-^  marned  ;  over  ten  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening.  Two  first-class  references.  —  S.  CAIRNS,  The 
Gardens.  Sug»as  Court,  near  Hereford. 

(^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38, 

V-«  married;  thoroughly  practical  in  Early  and  Late 
S"""^'./'""  "'"'  Greenhouse  Plants,  Orchids,  and  the 
General  Management  of  a  good  Garden.  Highest  references.- 
O.  LUCAS,  18,  Victoria  Street,  Ombeisley  Road,  Worcester. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  33, 
married;  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all 
its  branches.  Three  years'  good  character.  Wages  not  so 
much  an  object  as  a  comf  rlable  place  —V..  B.,  21,  Crogsland 
Road,  Chalk  Faim.  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. 

C:t  ARDENER  (He.ad  Working).  —  Wm. 
^  Hawkins,  for  pist  two  years  General  Foreman,  Wad- 
hurst  Park,  desires  situation  as  above.  Is  thoroughly  experienced 
mall  branches  ol  Gardening,  having  lived  with  and  can  aho  refer 
to  Head  Gardeners  in  other  leading  establishments,  including 
Mr.  Miles  at  Wycombe  Abbey,  .or  character  and  qualifications. 
— WM.   HAWKINS.  Beaconsfield,  Bucks. 


/TJARDENER    (Head   Working,  or  good 

VJ  Single-handed).— Age  27,  single;  thoroughly  expeii- 
enced  in  all  branches.  First-class  references.— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 

GARDEN^-ER  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 
BAILIFF.— Age49,  nofamily;understandseverybranch 
of  the  profession-.  Tesumonials  and  relerences  of  the  highest 
class.- 1.  L.,  Mrs.  Williams,  12.  Bertha  Road,  Greet,  near 
Birmingham. 

(^ARDENER    (Head,     or    good    Single- 

V^  h.\ndkd)  —Age  27  ;  first-class  recommendations  Irom 
present  and  previous  employers.  Fourteen  years'  experience.— 
f.  SPOWaJE,  Harrow  Cottage,  Knockholt,  Sevenoaks, 
Kent. 

/HARDENER    (Head,    or    good    Single- 

V^  handed).— Age  34,  married,  no  family  ;  sixteen  years' 
experience.  Thoroughly  comoelent.  Highly  recommened  by 
present  employer.— J.    MARTIN,   Coleman's    Lodge,    Pritlle- 

/^ARDENER    (good    Single-h.\nded,    or 

V.-"  where  help  is  given).-Thirteen  years'  practical  experi- 
ence in  all  branches  Good  character  from  last  and  previous 
employers.  — H.  J.,  Winkfleld,  near  Windsor,  Berks. 

':j.ARDENER  (Single-handed, or  Second), 

~*  where  four  or  five  are  kept.— Two  and  half  year.'  good 
character. -A.  LADD.  The  Warren,  Hever.  Eden  Bridge,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (sjngle-handed, or  Second). 
—  Age  20;  highest  relerences.  P  actical  experience  in 
O.chids,  Bulb-,  Plants,  and  Floral  Decorat  ons  S:c -W 
GEORGE.  6,  Poilmau  Mews,  Portman  Square,  London,  W. 

/:» ARDENER  (SF.coND,or  Single-handed). 

„  „  'Z^i'-2.''  seven  yea.  s' experience.  Good  character.- 
M.  C,  q.Cree  Tavern.  Ham  Street.  Ham,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

(^ARDENER   (SECOND    or    good    Single- 

yj'      HANDED)  —Age  24  :  ten  years'  experience  in  good  Gar- 
v'  ,  h^'^^      i  "=»"""'i'"ls-     Jlpply  stating  wages,  to  R.  W., 
I,  York  Vi.las.  Cherlsey  Road,  Woking  Station,  Surrey. 

/^ARDENER  (Second,  or  under  the  Fore- 

V-«  mjn  in  the  Houses).— Age  21  ;  seven  years'  experience  ; 
good  character  from  present  and  previous  situations C  COLE- 
MAN, Cation  Park.  Norwich. 


O^ 


/^ARDENER     (UNDER),    or     on     Pleasure 

.^-^      Grounds— Age  21;  three  years' good  character.     Leav- 
ing because  family  gone  away.— G.  L.,  Tandridge,  Godstone, 


G 


ARDENER   (Under),   or    to    look    after 

Horse  and  Trap.  — Age  19  ;  two  years'  character.- S.  A., 
2,  Avenue  Villas,  High  Street,  Weybridge. 

"POREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age   2;  ;  well 

-L       experienced    in  all   branches.      Highly    recommended  — 
J.  T.,  Fu-  Cottages,  Ahurst  Wood,  East  Grinslead,  Sussex. 


tpOREMAN.  —  Age   27;    thoroughly  experi- 

-•-  enced  in  all  branche..  Active  and  industrious  Excellent 
references.-E.  WAKRtN,  Sti-ted.  Braintree,  Essex. 

■pOREMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  25  ;  trust- 

■*-  worthy  and  energetic.  Eight  years'  experience.  Well 
recommended  -  W.  WATSON,  The  Grange  Gardens,  Old 
Windsor,  Berks. 

p'OREMAN  (Working,  in  small  Nursery)^ 

-*-  —Age  26  ;  eleven  and  a  hall  years'  experience  as  Propa- 
gator, Grower  of  Plants,  Cut  Flowers,  Cucumbers,  Vines, 
Rises,  &c.  Expert  Budder.  Highest  testimonials.- W.  W., 
9.  Warwick  Road.  Neithrop.  Banbury. 

C^OREMANlind  PROPAGiVrOR^^liddle- 

,  ..  ^'^=''•  °°  f-'""'>' :  ^'■'"'s,  Cut  Flowers,  Cucumbe.s,  Sic, 
for  Market,  or  other  puipo.es.  Good  reference.-FOREMAN, 
The  Cottage,  Meloourne  Nursery,  Aiierley.  S.E. 


jVrURSERY   FOREMAN,  or  to  MANAGE 

-L^      a    Branch.— Understands    general    routine.       Eighteen 


--  "s"'"ic  vyiiiLc.  41.  >veiiingion  street,  strand,  vv.c. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  establ 

t^      hshment.  -Age  24  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches 
ol    the    nrofess.on  —  For    character  and    ability  apply    t"    f 
Ospringe  House.  Faversham,  Kent 


of    the    proft.sio 
CARTER,  Gard 


JOURNEYMAN   (First),   in   the    Houses  • 

"age    23.— Mr.    Silver.    Gardener   to    Lord    Trevor,    can 
highly  recommend  his  First  J 
thoroughly   competen 


Gaidens,  Chirk.  North  Wa't 


rne>  man  to  any  one  requiring  a 
thy    young    man.— Br>nkinalt 


JOURNEYMAN  (Indoors).— Age  21  ;  used 

^*  to  Plant  and  Fruit  Growing  under  glass.  Good  character. 
Bothy  preferred.— J.  HURN,  The  Gardens,  Pyrgo  Paik 
Romford.  ' 

JOURNEYMAN,    in  a  good  establishment. 

w  ,,  -Age  22  ;  can  be  well  recommended.-H.  CROOKS, 
Holloway,  near  Cromford,  Derby. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 

^  two  years  in  last  situation.— E.  C,  The  Gardens,  Sheen 
House.  Mortlake,  Suirey. 

TbURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  establish- 
rvil  t^t'^L",^!."  •  '^"  •>»"=  ^i"  years'  good  character.— H. 
COLLINS,  28,  Mount  Street,  Battle,  Sussex. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  establish- 

"  ment.  — Age  20  :  two  years'  good  character  from  present 
situation. -A.  SHAMBROOK,  The  Gardens,  Codicote  Lodge, 
Welwyn,  Hens. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.- 

"  Age  21  ;  over  two  years  iu  present  place.  Excellent 
reference  Bothy  preferred.  -  J.  BROOKS,  The  Gaidens, 
Worksop  Manor,  Notts. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in   the   Houses,   under   a 

^  Foreman.—  Seven  years'  experience  in  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Bothy  preferred.— GARDENER,  Shobdon 
Couit  Gardens,  Hetefo.d. 

JOURNEYMAN,    in    the    Houses.  — Seven 

t*  years' e.Mperieme.  Good  references.  Bothy  preferred.- 
C    FERMER,  Louis  Villas,    26,   Western   Road.   Tunbiidge 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentle- 

^  man's  establishment.- Age  18  ;  four  years  in  present 
situation.  Excellent  character.- F.  RANSOM,  The  Gardens, 
Woodstock  Park,  Sittingbourne,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  23  — 

t*  W.  Sutton,  Gardener  to  J.  S.  bassoon,  Esq.,  Ashby 
Park,  Walton-on- Thames,  can  highly  recommend  a  young  man 
to  any  one  requiring  a  competent  man.  Eight  years'  experi- 
ence, three  and  a  half  in  present  place. 

TOURNEYMAN  ;    age    19.— James    Burt, 

"  Gardener  to  H.  B.  Mildmay,  Esq.,  Shoreham  Place, 
Sevenoaks.  Kent,  can  strongly  recommend  W.  Sills.  His  had 
SIX  years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.  three  years  in  present 
place.     Total  abstainer.- Address  as  above. 

JJ^RUIT    GROWER.— Good   experience    in 

-L  Vines.  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons.  Tomatos,  &c.  Job 
not  objected  to,  and  not  afraid- of  quantity.  Abstainer.  Refer- 
ences.—G.,  4,  Prospect  Road,  Child's  Hill,  Hendon,  N.W. 

JMPROVER.— The    Advertiser ^(lige    18)    is 

-L  open  to  engage  with  any  Nobleman's  or  Genlleman's 
Gardener  requiting  theseivices  of  an  Improver.  Strong  and 
active  ;  been  accustomed  to  the  profession  High-class  refer- 
ences.—Mr.  H.  BROWNE,  Dartmouth  Park,  West  Bromwich, 
SlalTordshire. 


TO  GARDENERS.— Wanted  to  place  a  Son 
in  good  Garden  as  IMPRfiVER  Age  18.  Small 
Premium  not  objected  to. -J  HEWITT,  Gardener,  Thornfield. 
Heaton  Mersey,  Manchester. 

O  GARDENERS,  &c-— Wanted,  a  situa- 

tion  in  Gentleman's  Garden ;  been  in  Gardens  before. 
Age  2(5  :  good  recommendations  from  previous  employers. — 
G.  P    RAMSDEN,  Charlbury,  Oxfordshire. 

'yo  GAKDENERS,  &c.— Wanted  a  situation 

-L  in  a  Genlleman's  Garden  with  chance  to  Learn,  by  a 
young  man  (age  23).  Justleft  Indoor  seivice.  Premiumgiven — 
J.  B.,  Mr.  Bye,  Warwick  Road,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

APPRENTICE.— Wanted,  to  Apprentici  a 
youth  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden     Premium 
gjven.-J.  MATTHEWS,  Spellis  Green.  Hindlip,  Worce.ter. 

HANDY     MAN,    in    a    large    Nur5ery,~or 
GROWER  in  a  small   Nutsery.-Good  relerences.- 1. 
MO.X.HAM,  Post-ofilce,  Farnbjrough,  Kent. 

pLERK,  or  TRAVELLER,  in   the  NTrTery 

V,^'  or  Seed  Trade. -^ Well  up  in  both  branches  ;  a  good  Sales- 
man. Can  produce  first-class  references —R.  K  ,  Gardfiiers' 
Chrmici,-  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C 

SALESMAN,  in  Flower  Market,  Covent 
O  Garden.— Four  and  half  years  with  Messrs.  Gregory  & 
^  iidcup.      good    references.— A.    HILL,     Longlands 


:iy,  Sidcup. 


npo  FLORISTS,  &c.— Required,  the  Manage- 

-L  mentofa  Florist  and  Fruit  Business  ;  practically  acquainted 
with  every  branch  of  the  trade.  Disengaged  in  October. 
Security  it  required.— L.  M.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office. 
4t.  Wellington  jtreet.  Strand.  W.C. 

SHOPMAN      (HEAD),     or     MANAGER.— 

O  Thorough  knowledge  of  every  detail  connected  with  Seed 
and  Bulb  Business  routine,  having  had  upwards  of  twenty- 
five  years'  experience  in  first-class  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses. 
Good  Correspondent,  and  well  versed  in  Plants  —  The 
MANAGER,  R-oyal  Seed  Stores,  Veovil. 

Q  HOPMAN     (Head),    or    MANAGER.  — 

^J  Thoroughly  conversant  with  the  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade, 
Bouquet,  Wreath,  and  Spray  Making,  &c.,and  a  good  Plant 
Salesman.  Fifteen  years'  experience  with  some  first-class 
firms.  Highest  testimonials.— A.  C.  Messis.  Hurst  &  Son. 
152,  Houndsditch.  E. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;  six 
years*  experience.     Good  reference.— J.   S.,  Thos   Imiie 
&  Sons,  Ayr,  N.B. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Thoroughly 
acquainied    with    Garden   and    Faim    Seeds,    Bulbs,  &c 
Knowledge  of  Plants. -G.   W.,  ,24    Holland  Streel.  G.asgow. 


Seed  Trade. 

ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;   five  years'  experi- 
ence   E.xcellentreferences.-ALPHA,  Nursery  Collage. 
Green  Lane,  Old  Swan,  Liverpool. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—  Abscesses,  Erysipelas,  Piles.  —  Unvarying  success 
attends  all  who  tteat  these  diseases  according  to  the  simple 
printed  directions  wrapped  round  each  pot  and  box.  They  are 
invaluable  to  the  young  and  timid,  whose  bashfulness  sometimes 
endangers  life.  Though  apparently  local,  diseases  of  this  nature 
are  essentially  blood  diseases  ;  but  a  little  attention,  moderate 
perseverance,  and  trifling  expense  will  enable  the  most  difiident 
to  conduct  any  case  to  a  happy  issue  without  exposing  secret 
infirmities  to  any  one.  The  Ointment  checks  the  local  inflam- 
mation and  alleviates  the  throbbing  pains.  These  directions 
also  clearly  point  out  when  and  how  HoUoway's  Pills  are  to  be 
taken,  that  their  purifying  and  regulating  powers  may  assist  by 
adjusting  and  strengthening  the  coosiitution. 


224 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuGust  IS,  iSSj. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL   AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS     OF    EXHIBITIONS, 

REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL    MATTERS  of 

CURRENT   INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  the  following  subjects  :- 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 

ARBORETUM— The. 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

BEES. 

BOTANY. 

BULBOUS  PLANTS. 

CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 

CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 

EVERGREENS. 

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 


FORCING. 
FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 
MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES. 


ORCHIDS — including  a  com- 
plete List  of  those  in  culti- 
vation. 

PALMS. 

PLANTING. 

PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 

POMOLOGY. 

POTATOS.— POULTRY. 

RHODODENDRONS. 

ROCKERIES. 

ROSES. 

SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 

STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 


SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 
TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE   CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY. 
VINES. 

WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 


Illuslralions  by   IV.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,    W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,    IV.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


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Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for . 
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1885. 
Months, 


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the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


erlisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  4.,  Wellington  btreel,  Lovent  Garden,  l.onoon    ..  .v.. 
,  AcKEw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  .n  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;' 

Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Brai:  .  . _. 

the  said  W.LLlAM  RICHARDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Pauls,  Coveat  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  August  1 

Ageot  for  Manchester- John  Hevwooc.  Agents  for  Scotliod-Mcssrs  J.  MenzieS  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Olasi 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estaljlisifjetJ  I84i. 


No.  60S.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sbrILI     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  22,  1885.  j 


Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  5d, 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPoST-FREE,    «,\d. 


Agricultural  returns  o 
Great  Britain  for  1885, 
summary  of .. 

Alpine  plants  and  alp'n< 
gardens  .. 

AUtromerias 

Apiary,  the 

Arboretum,    Sir  C.    Bun 

Bryfordbury 
Begonias  at  Reading 
Botanic    garden,  Chelse: 
Cactuses,  culture  of 


CONTENTS. 


,  Lockhart,  David 

234  Map  of  London 
?44  I  Nature  in  garder 

235  Nuts 

I  Obituary  :     New 
250  I       Mr.  A.  T. 
229  I  Odontoglostum, 


243 ! 


gen 


i-breedingof    234     Pho 


23-^  !  Orchids  terrestria 
231  I  South  Africa  .. 
242     Orobanche,    peculia 

of  the      ..  .. 

247     Peas,  exhibition  .. 


ChlorophyUim  rhizomato- 


Corn  mildew 

Covent    Garden    Market 

and  cholera 
Cryptogamic    Society   of 

Scotland 
Cyananthus  lobatus 
Dendrobium    pardalinum 
Diseases  of  Potatos  and 


lof 


230  I  Potato 

248     Frosopis  juliflora. . 
I  Raspberr>'Lord  Beaci 

2Ti  '      field 

Regel,  Ed.  von    . . 
Rosery.  the 
Rowe  Orphan  Fund 
Satyrium  coriifolium 
Seed  adulteration 


Dodder  .. 
1'  pipactis  l.tti' 
Fern,  proliferc 
Florists'  flowc 
Flower  garder 
Figs,  fertilvsat 
Forestry  , . 
Fruit  crops  ii 


Athe: 


:  Flo 


Horticultural 
Eastbourne 
Grantham        He 


National      Gooseberry 

Show 

Taunton  Dcane 

Trees  and  shrubs 
Utriculana  Endresii       .. 
Vegetable  Marrows 
Wrest      Park,     Bedford 
shire        .. 


ILI.USTATIONS. 


Conservatory  at  Bletchley  Park 
Corn  Mildew  (Puccinia  graminis) 
Fern,  Proliferous 
Odontoglossum  exccllens 
Raspberry  Lord  Beaconsfield  . . 
Tortnx  ancustiotana  iVinc-molh) 


JVOT7CE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE^ 

Now  Ready.  In  cloth,  163. 
n^HE   GARDEXKRS'   CHRONICLE, 

L       Volume  XXlll.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  18S5. 
W.  RICHARDS,  4>.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

GYAL    HORtTcULTURAL    SOClEfV, 

South  Kensington,  S.W. 

GREAT  DISPLAY   ol  COTIAGERS'  and   ARTIZANS' 

GARDEN    PRODUCE.    FRUIT,   and   VEGETAIiLES,  in 

the  Coniervatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  August 

I  the  Inleniational  Inventions  Exhibit 


ted 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  KensinEton,  S.W. 
NOTICE  t  —  COMMHTEEb'    MEETINGS,    Fruit    and 
Floral,  at  II  A  IM  ,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  1  UESDAY  NEXT, 
Aucu-t  S5.     COTTAGERS'  SHOW,  open  from  i  to  6i.m 
N.B.- Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  side  ol  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

p    K    Y    S    T    A    L        P    A    L~^A    C    E 

V''  ANNUAL  FRUIT  FXKIBITION  and  GRAND 
NATIONAL  DAHLIA   SHOWS,  bEPTEMBER  4  and  5. 

For  Schedules.  &c.,  apply  10 

Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD.  Garden  Superintendent.    Crystal  Palace. 

N.B.  At  this  Show  the  Turner  Memor  al  Prize,  a  Silver 
Cup  value  "leu  Guineas,  will  be  competed  for  by  Amaieursonly, 
(nr  the  brst  staid  of  Twelve  ihow  and  Six  Fancy  Dahlias. 
Entries  to  b=  sent  in  before  AuEUSt  28,  to  Mr.  T.  MOORE,  Hon. 
Sec,  Butauic  Gilders,  Chelsea.  S.W, 


GLASGOW  and  WEST  of  SCOTLAND 
HORIICULTUkaL  sojiety. 
The  AUTUMN  FIOWEK  SHOW  will  be  held  within  ihe 
St.  Andrew's  H.|i,  Granville  Street.  Glasgow,  on  WHlMES- 
DAY,  September  1.  P,  iz.:  Schedules  and  licketi  t  f  Aonii  s.on 
II  be  h.o  Iro.n  ihe  TieaMlrer,  Mr.  CHAS.  MACDONAI.D 
WILLIAMSON,  .9,.  We.t  George  St.eet,  Oiasc.iw  :  any  cf 
li.e  Direclois  ;    or  «.  my  Office  htie.     Members'  Ticket  2!.  6.1. 

'''-^'  FRANC  GIBB  DOUGALL.  Sicielaiv 

I  7,  Carnirg  Street.  Glasgow, 

BATH  AUIUMN  SHOW,  WEDNESDAY 
and    THURSDAY.     ;epiember   2  and    3. 
Amorgst  the  Prizes  effered  are  :- 
For  12  Oiname..i;.l    Fo.iage  Plant.-,  isr,  {,(,  ;  2d,  jCl  ;  3'.  i.''- 
For  ,2  Siove  or  Greenhouse  Planls.  ist,  ^1,  :  2d,  a  ;  3d,  jL,. 
For  8  Dishes  of  Fruit.  151,  £}  :  zd,  £2  :   ,d  /<. 
Fur  a  Buuches  ol  Grapes,  isi.  Is;  2d,  ,£3  ;  3d,  £1. 
Five  oiher  Classes  for  Grapes  111  varieties,  Prizes  in  proportion. 
^''""■-"  close  August  29.    For  Schedules,  apply 


Now  Keady. 

TEA  an<^  NOISETTE    ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,   in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.    Priced  LIST  gratis.    A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
for  travelling,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13s.  6a. 
EWING  AND  CO..  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 
The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  know.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 


"  Iiradlatlng  the  Present.   Restoring  tlie  Past." 

THE  "ORIGINAL"  LITTLE  BOOK  of 
DAFFODILS  — Iti  great  variety.  Harvested  and  Ripened 
well  fcr  best  results  wiih  Wm.  Bavt.oR  Haktland's  care  and 
culture,  on  his  Private  Grounds,  Tempie  Hill,  Coric.  Nu- 
merous "Original"  Illus:rations  and  130  sons  to  select  from. 
The  Boolt,  one  of  the  best  things  yet  published,  post-free,  ir. 

HARTLAND'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Warehouse, 
24,  Patrick  Street,  Coik. 


PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses. — Latania  boibonica 
and  Seafoithia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged.  20  inches  high,  125. 
per  dozen  :  sample  plants,  ir.  ^t.  :  same  kinds.  12  inches  high, 
251.  per  loo  ;  sample  12  for  4J.  All  packages  and  parcels  post  free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Bulb  Catalogue. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 
season  is  now  ready,  free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hvacinihs.  Tulips.  Narcissus,  Creeps.  &c. 
Also  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c.  Early  Orders  ate 
solicited. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


The  Best  Yellow  Carnation. 

PRIDE  of  PENSHURST.— A  marvellously 
free  bloomer   and    vigorous    grower.     Perfectly    haidy. 
Forces   well.     Plants    ready    about  September.     Price   2J.  6^. 
each,  4^.  a  pair.    Cash  wiih  Order.     Trade  price  on  application. 
F.  BRIDGER.  Penshurst,  Kent. 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS, 
fine  plints,  ready  for  single  pots,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large.flowered  strains  we  have  distributed  fur 
louiteen  years,  ir.  6d.  per  doz..  tos   per  lo-',  22j,  6(/  for  950. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Olofield  Nuisry,  Altiinch  m, 
atd  r2.  Market  Street.  Manchester. 

BOUVARDIAS  and  PELA^RGONIUMS,  in 
most  nopular  sorts,  strons,  in  thumbs,   joe.  per  ro^. 
FERNS.    PIERIS   and  CYRTOMIUMS,    good    plant.,    in 

thumbs,  i8r.  per  i  10. 
TEA  ROSES,  in  48's.  60s.  pet  roo.  and  extra  large  MaiiSchal 
Niel.  2+1  per  dozen.     All  for  cash  only. 
ROBERTS  BROS.,  East  Grmstead,  Sussex. 


LARGE  FAN-TRAINED  PEACH  TREES. 
—Several  good  Trees  for  Sale,  owing  to  want  cf  room. 
Good  sorts,  and  fine,  healthy  trees  that  will  move  well.  For 
particulars  and  p'ice  call  and  see.  or  write  to 

W.  H.  DIVERS.  Ketlon  Hall.  Ketton,  near  Sumford. 

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  polling  on  or  pLinting  out.     Low   prices  to  tne 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond. Surrey. 

L"0VEL'S  ^STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants.  3./.       Price  LIST  free. 


New  Turnip  Seed. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    and    CO.   have   to 
offer,    of    crop    1&S5,     their    chjice    selected    stocks   of 
TURNIPS  for  present  sowing. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO..  Seed  Merchants.  Sleaford. 


WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
are    rpen     to     RE:EIVE    CONSIGNMENTS    of 
CHOICE  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


s 


QUELCH         AND        BARNHAM, 

Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
antity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  cller  good  prices, 
fine  Black  Grapes,  loin-itos.  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowets&c. 


Str 


,  Bath. 


BEN.  PEARSON,  Se 


MD         BARNHAM, 

I  attention    to   all  consienmenis.  they  are 
abled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


O UE  LC  H 

'     giving  p, 


BARNHAM. 

daily,  and 


SQUELCH         AND 
ACCOUNT  SAI  ESs. 
CHFQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABtLS  supplied. 

ANTED,      six       Standard       ALOYSIA 

CITRIODORA  (  Lemon-scented  Verbena^  in  pr.ts,  with 
straight  sterrs  and  good  heads.     State  size,  price,  Sic.,  to 

JAMES    VEITCH    AND    SONS,    Royal  Ejtjiic   Nursery, 
Chelsea,  S.W. 

ANTED,  BETULA  DALECARLICA. 

A  few  good  Specimens  Wanted  in  the  Autumn.    Stale 


w 


AM.    C.    JONGKINDT     CONINCK 
•  begs  to  offer  : — 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILITE. 
,.     SARDENSIS  (Novelty) 
SPIR/EA  PALMATA  ALBA  (Novelty),  pure  white. 
Prices  on  application, 
Tottenham  Nurseries,  Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 

BULBS,       AFRICAN^    and       NATIVE 
PLANTS    of    NATAL.— A    large    variety,    comprising 
Crinums,  Imantophyllums,  Hasmanthus.  Native  Orchrds,  Mont- 
bretis,  Hypoxis,  Beponla  Geranoides,  Dietes  Huttoni.  Gerberea, 
Agapanthus,  &c.     Zamias  and  Tree  Ferns. 
Prices  on  application. 
JAMES        ENGLISH, 
The  Cedars'  Nurseries.   Pietermaritzburg,  Natal. 

DafTodila  (Narcissi),   and   Other  Bulbs  for  Present 

PuANTi.vG  IM  GAKDENSy  Meadows,  &c. 

EDWARD    MORSE,    Nurseries,    Epsom, 
will  send  his  CATALOGUE  of  the  above  Bulbs  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  application. 

ATER    LILIES    (in   No.    16   pots)   with 

Bloom.     Usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 
JAS,  W.  TODMAN.  Nurseryman,  Ellham,  Kent. 


w 


TEA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 
select  from.     The  beautiful  pure  white  Ni,jhetos,  full  of 
buds,  Marechal  Niel,  Gloire  de  Dijm,  and  others  ;  izi  ,  i8s.,  to 
i6j.  oer  dcz-n. 
F.  STREE  r,  Heatherside  Nurseries,  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 

I^niGHTY^THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
-.^  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  Bowers  of  which  become  to  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2f.  to  24r.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester.  

ARCISSUS        ODORUS        (CAMPER- 

NELLI).  true.  205.  per  1000.  Also  a  few  thousand 
Sweet  scented  JONQUILS,  at  15!.  per  icoo.  All  selected  and 
good  tlowering  bulbs. 


THOS.  GELL.  St.  Law 


.  Venti 


.  I>Ie  of  Wight. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.       KELW AY  AND  SON.  Langport.  Somerset.      


BOU  VARD I  AS,  in  eight  best  kinds,  including 
Doubles,  bushy  plants,  251.  per  103.  GARDENIAS, 
nice  planls.  some  in  bud,  25J.  per  too  POINSEI'ITAS, 
beauli'ul  plants,  2ot.  per  too,  package  included. 

\V.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderronstr  r. 


JNO.  JEFFERIE3  and  SON,  Royal  Nurseries,  Cirencest 


BULBS        TO         BE         SOLD 
at  Low  Prices  :— 
Double    White    NARCISSUS,     Pheasant's-eye    NARCIS- 
SUS,  and  DAFFODILS.    A  large  asscrtment  ol  these  superior 
Bulbs  are  offered  to  the  Trade  for  the  Season  1885.     Apply  to 
W.  A.  BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Suirey. 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.   VAN    TUBEKGEN,  Jua,    Haarlem, 
•      Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now  ready,    and 
may  be  had  fiee  on  application  to  „      . 

Messrs.  R.  SILBEKRAD  AND  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  EC. 

HE  R  MAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower.  HiUegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
Buddenborg  Bsos.),  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himselt  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  satr.e  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted 10  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand.  

FOR     SALE,    20,000     MAIDENHAIR 
FERNS,  from  boxes,  good  Plants,  at  51.  per  100;  FERNS 
in  8  varieties,  in  pof,  at  lot.  per  100,    or   2S   per  dozen,  sent  by 
post  or  otheiwi<e.     Post-effice  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWIN,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchzll  Road.  Leyton. 

OHN   WATERER   and   SON.S,   Bagshot, 

Surrey,  are  now  ofTerrng  their  two  newDEUlZlAS  as 
exhibited  at  Manchester  in  May  last,  viz   :— 

DEUTZIAWATERERI I  (Single  White),  and  D.WELLSII 
(Double  White).     Price  to  Trade,  18s.  per  drz;n 

These  are  extra  large  free-fl^weritig  varieties,  and  wt  It  suited 
for  Forcing  and  Cutting  purposes.  

~Now  is  the  Time  to  Plant  and  Pot  Strawberries. 

T  A  grosse^'sucr"!!;!,'   BUGHLEY 

I    i     PRESIDENT,    and   OXONIAN,    Plant*.      The  ihiee 
finest  va'ieiies  extant.,    O.r  turf  and  in  pot*,  at  161.  per  loj. 
Apply  at  once  to  R.  GILEEK  P,  High  Pak  Gardens.  Stamford. 

Kape  Seed. 

ENGLISH  GROWN  KAPE  SltED  F '  R  S'lWING. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    AND    CO.  have   the 
above    10   cffrr.   of   fine    qualiiv.     Samnle   and   p.ice  ou 
application.     AGRICULTURAL  MUSTARD. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants.  Sleaford. 

I^OrT     sl'ECIALLY       CHEAP      GLASS 


226 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[AuGUSt  22,    l8 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Bulbs.-Monday,  Tbursday,  and  Saturday 

NtXr-SekC'AL   TKAOl!:    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEKUE  AND  MOKRIS 
w.il  f.E'1.  by  AU<  TTOM.  at  their  Central  b.-ile 
Rooms  67  ana  tS  Cheaos.d-,  E  C,  on  MONDAY,  IHIIKS- 
DAV.  aiiO  SAT  URDaV  MlX  i  ,  st  ha  f-past  1 1  ...'Cln.  k  pre- 
ci-ely  exleniive  coi,viBnmein>  if  HVaCINTHS.  TUl-lPS. 
CRoluS,  KARCHbUS.and  o.htr  Hii  b<  Irim  HoNatid.  in 
excellent  quality,  and  lotted  specially  to  buitihe  1  lade  and  urge 


On; 


ofSa 


nd  Cat! 


ih.ci. 


Tuesaay  Next. 

FLOWERING,     ESIAKI  ISHtD.    and    IMPORTED 

ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
,>ill  StI.L  by  AUCTION,  at  iheir  (  e-.tral  'ale 
Rooms  67  and  68.  theapside.  E.C.  on  TUESDAY  NFXT, 
August     5,    at    h.ll-past    ij  ..■Clock   pteriseiv.  i.kt^HlDa  in 

Oi.c.d.ums,  a    very    fine  Cattl^ya     Sfpal>  pa^le  yell,  w,    peials 

col)uT'deeJ"p'i,.ple,  b-amilully  vei..ed'with   slM.      Fine  plains 

ot  Pe.isieiia  elai..    A€  i  ev  odotaium  inr^j  is.  and   rlhers      Also 

a&ieloto"  ESlrtBUlSHEl)  anj  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

On  v.ew  mo.nii.g  uf  Sale,  anu  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
AERIDESSANDERJaNA,  and  A.   BALLANTINIANUM 

MESsK.-^.  PkOTHEROE  AND  MOivKlS 
ae  in.lrucled  by  Mr.  K.  Sanger  to  >1-.LL  by 
AUCTlOM.  at  Ih-u  Ce.t.al  Sale  R.  .m-,  67..nd68,  Cheapsioe, 
El.  on  FKlll.^y  NtXT,  Aubum  28  at  nall-.ast  .2  o'  l.iclc 
n.egl  elv,  ni.eb.i  ^hes  .•!  h  alihv  W.U  grown  Planta  01  ihe  above 
Anir.ni!-t  Ihe  AE<lDt.b  SANl.tRHN»  is  a  fi.ie  .-p-c  men 
in  fl  w.:r.  Al,o  a  fine  yeiloiv  PKICHOPILIA,  many  CAIT- 
LEYa?,  CD.  .NTOGLOS-UMS.  &c. 

on  view  m  nning  of  S"!e.  and  Catalogues  had. 

Acton,  W. 

C'.EARAM.F.  S^LE. 

MESSRS.  PRUTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  ii.Mrncted  to  ShlL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  T  he  G  r.iens.  Shalenia  .  H..rn  Lane.  AcMn.  W..  on 
TUtsD-lY.  Sepienib^r  I,  at  t  ..'Click  preci-ely,  wihout  le- 
serve  a  Quaniityol  well  ir.».u  GKttN  HOUS  tt  PlANr.S, 
com..iisi..g  Kosef,  lam-l.ias.  Az.'ea-.  50  Ca.naiions,  1000 
Chusathmum,  best  n  med  ^  ..ts  ;  teins,  three  LAwN 
MOWthS;  GAKDEN    PUviP.  &c  ,„„.,,„„ 

O..  viewaay  prmr  to  >ale.   Catalogues  h  >d  of  ^t.  W.  R  AVE  N- 
HILI,    the     Head    r.ar'er.er     nn    the    Premises  ;.,  and  of  the 

Auctioneers,  67  and  eS,  Cner  p  ide,  London,  t  .C. 

Eastbiurne  -Dissolution  of  Partnership. 
UNREsEKVtU  cLe.AKANCi'    SALE  01  the  whole  of  the 
well-trown     sl.cK     of     Sn.VE     a.id     GREENHOUSE 
PLA.N  Is  by  ordor  of  Me  srs.  G.  T.  Scott  &  Co.,   who  are 

MESSkSrHKuTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
ate  inM.ucie.l  ti  SELL  by  AUCTIO.V.  on  the  Pre- 
mise-,on  WED.vE-DaY.  Septem0et2  at  12  o'Clock  precisely 
(in  conseqie..ce.f  tnelarg,  number  of  lots),  wuhout  reser.re 
the  -h.le  o,  tne  ive,|.B,oT»..  st.,cl.,  compn  tng  2000  PALMS 
of  Bor.r,  am.ingst  wh.ih  are  s>  111=  splendid  specimens  j  1500 
MA  DK.NKAIK  FtKNS.in48  and  jj  1,0  s.  *,1,  lurnl>hed  I 
loco  aZALEaS,  I  •  11,  31.  ai.a  (3  pots  ;  250  very  ft  .e  pi.inis 
A^aU^'RIV  EXCLl^a  Ilo  laige  EU^H  AK  IS, -p  cimen 
Wnite  AZALEAS  ..nd  CAMELLIAS.  »5.oo)G..lden  fcUO.\y- 
MUS,  and  qu.nftiesoi  cihe  stick  t.jo  numerous  10  mention, 
lotted  to  SU'I  the  r.a.ie  and  large  Buyers  ... 

Un  view  one  week  pii  >r  to  sale.  Catalogues  had  on  the 
Premi-es     and   ol    ihe  Aucilonteis  and    Valuers,    t^   and   63, 

Ch-apside.  L...  dnn,  K.C. 

Wnetstone.  Middlesex. 

Nine  miles  fron    Lo.dor.,  and  f  ur  ra  notes'  walk  from 

■i'.lteildae  Ra  Iway  S'atin. 

IMPORTANT      10     MARKEl-    GAKDk.NRR=,     LAND 

sp»-i  UL^Ti.Ks    fUIi  DERS.  AND  OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEkOE  AND  MORRIS 
a.e  iiistnic.d  b.  Mr.D.vi,  (in  conseq.'er.ce  of  .he 
f-iline  healih  o'  Mr  Davis  ju'.  )  I'J  StLL  by  AIICT  ION,  at 
theM.t  Tukei.house  Yar..,  London  K  C  ,  on  ■  HURSDaY, 
S=pl.  mb-r  3   at  2  o'l  1  ck  pr.cisey    in  Three  Lot- :- 

lot.  C'linpn  log  ihe  valuable  and  ait.aciive  F  K  til  tlOLU 
Market  G»RUEN,  disdnBUish-d  as  Tne  N.w  Lodpe 
Nu.ser.es.  Wh.isioi.e,  N.  cunt  .ining  an  area  of  about 
aac.'S,  34  suprrlorly  butU  G  eei.h'.il-es,  c  intaining  a  supcr- 
fic.  la.e,  of  nearly  Sc.ooo  le=t  of  glass  and    healed  by  about 

:  the 


;  of 


^-eale  t  periec  to 
Vi,.es  are  pl.nti 


fu.  ti.,.,1  B  plan  sand  p. 

«h,leni  the  lu»u.ia.  t   an 

the    i-uVtanii.ly    brick  bu.H  twelve. ro.  med    Kesldeiite,   inree 

Cotiages.  Slab  n.g.  and  numerous  other  Trade  Erectiol^.       1  his 

Lot  wl  I  be  s  .Id  Hs  a  E  ing  c  .nce.n,  togtther  with  the  Goodwill 

01  the  longeslabhshtd  Ku-M.ess.  .   .,  , 

L.  t.  2  and  3  w,  1  com  .rise  T^n  va  uaUe  P-licts  of  eligible 
FREEHOLD  hUlLDING  LAND,  c  ntaining  a  lo.al  area  of 
a  .out  ijaccswthc  mm.mling  Iru.uag-s  to  Oak  eigh  Ko.d. 
p  eseuling  a  desirab.e  investment  lor  subdivision  into  Building 
PI  11  s 

Tne  Aunioneers  would  wish  to  call  the  special  attention 
of  Market  Gardeners  to  Lot  i.  The  pioperty  is  in  c  .mplete 
woik  ng  order,  and  it  is  indeed  se'd.m  that  such  an  opponunity 
presents  itselt  of  sec  iriig  a  hr.t-class  going  coi  cern  vinder 
similaily  favourable  circumsla.  ces.  A  large  portion  of  the 
Purcha,se  Money  may  remain  on  Mortgage  if  desi.ed. 

May  be  viewed.  Descriptive  pirticul-i",  with  Plan.s  may 
be  had  on  the  premies:  of  Mess.s.  HERRY  BINNb.  AND 
LINCOLN,  S..li.itors,  27  I  ha.ce.y  Line.  W  C  :  and  of 
Auctioneer-  a..d   ^„rv.-v.  r-.  67  ^n.1  6  V  ' '~    "^ 


Luddemannia'7 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
w.,1  include  in  their  SALE  on  FRIDAY  N  t  XT,  a  fine 
pla,  tin  H.iver  of  a  beai.tilul   LUDDEMANNIA,   with  two 

sn.Wes  ol  twenti  -'our  bl.som-,  Irrm   Mr.    F.  S.inner. 


.  F.C 


M 


Dutcli  Flower  Roots 
R.     T.     C.     STEVENS     will     SELL    by 

AUCTION,   at   his   G.eat    Rooms.     38.    King    Street, 

C.-vert  Garden  W.C  .  every  MON DAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
Sa  I  URDaY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  la  m,  in 
Holland,  lotced  to  suit  all  buyers.     Sales  commence  at  hall-past 
12  o'clock,  and  fiiihing  generally  at  hall-past  4  o'Cio:k. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Prelimiuary  Notice.— tireat.  Horticultural  aale  WteK. 

A..n.ial    1  hAlJt.   -Ai   F     ...  Aiir.e.  F.o-e.in^  H".Al  Hi. 

MESSkS.    PhOTHEkOE    AND    MOkkIS 
Mt  10  aniiou  c-  ...  ..  .hey  b.ve  arai.sed  ihe  ANN  UAL 

TKADF.  SAI.Es  01   WINIEK    FLOWERING  HEAIHS, 

GREENHoUsE  PL'vN  IS,  &c  ,  as  loliow.,  :— 

IUE3DAV.    -eo.-m  er    15.   ai   the    BURNT   ASH   LANE 

NUijSERIES,    lee,  S.E.,  by  o.der  of   Messrs.  B. 

Mallei  Si  sons. 

WEDNHsUaY      September    ,6.    at    the    LEA     BRIDGE 

NUKSB-RIES,    LEVT^N,   by    order    of    Mr.  '  John 

Fraser.  

THURSDAY,   September  17    at  the  BRUNSA'ICK.  NUR- 
SERY, TOTTENHAM,  by.r.'erol  Mr.  J.itin  Mailer. 
FR1D.1Y,  September  ,8.  at  the  LONGLANDS  .^URSERY, 
SIDCUP,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans. 
Fuller  advertisements  will  appear  next  week. 
Auction  and  Estata  Office,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G. 


Thursday  Next.- (Sale  No.  6956 ) 
ESTABLI=HfD   AND  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS.  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AU.-TION,  at  his  Great  Ro.m-,  38.  King  Sl.eel, 
C.jvent  Garoen,  W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  Angut 
27  at  hilfpa-t  12  o'CI  ck  p-ecbelv.  about  ioq  lots  of  good 
ISTAfLlsHED  ORCHIDS,  including  fine  plams  of 
Caule\a  aleas  C-  Mos-iai,  C.  Trial  K,  L^lia  elegins  Vanita 
cce  ul.-a  Denclrot  ium  ihyrs.fl  num.  Od.intoglosum  Alex  indrx. 
O  puleiiellu.n  maj.is  Phalxii.>,.sis.  amabuis.  &0.  Also  IM- 
J  OkTED  ORCHIDS  in  variety,  a  consignment  of  Sarracenia 
flava  rubra  and  vanolaris ;  and  Dionaa  Mu  cipida,  from 
Amenra  ;  Tree  and  other  FERNS  from  New  Zealar  d,  &c. 
0.1  view  mo-ning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  hnd 


Tne  Valuable  CoUecilon  of  Orchids, 

Fo  n.eM  bv  G    Heriot.  E-q. 

MR  J  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tn.ns  10  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  R"  m-.  38, 
King  Stieet,  C  vent  Gaiden,  WC.  on  THURSDAY.  Sep- 
tember -1  instead  ol  the  date  previously  announce!,  at 
h.lf-i.ast  12  o'clock  precisely,  ihe  valuable  COLLEC- 
TION ..rORCHlDS  formed  by  G.  Heriot,  Esq  .  of  Lholmeley 
Park,  Hiihgale.  who  is  giving  up  their  culture.  Airiing-t 
olher  good  ihings  will  be  found  a  fie  specimen  oF  Vanda 
Caihcaiti.  V.  cccrulea.  fi.ie  vaiisty  ;  Coe'ogvne  Lemoniana,  C 
ctislata,  Trichjglotts  fa-ciata  very  rare;  Dendrob  urn  CU  2  .p- 
terum  Angraiciim  sesquiptdale,  A.  eburneum,  Dendri  bes, 
Callleva.,  O.lonmglossnm  Alexandra:  &c.  ;  a:so  a  magnificent 
COLLECTION  of  PHAI  jENohSIS  iq  variety,  mostly 
specially  imported  by  Mr.  Heriot,  &c. 

On  view  morn.ne  of  Si'e,  and  Catalogues  hid. 

St   Miriins.  Chichester. 
TO    GRAPE    GROWERS,     FRUllERERS,    CAPITAL- 
ISTS. AND  OTHERS. 
Sale  of  a  FRFEHol  n  GARDEN,  kn.w-.  as  The  Gra-eries. 

MESSRS.  WYATT  and  SON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  THURSDAY,  September  17  at  the 
D  ilohin  Hotel,  Chichester,  at  3  o'ljlock  preci-ely,  by  cireciion 
of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker,  s-h.  is  reiiiing  from  biisine-s,  a  very 
valuable  and  productive  FREEHOLD  GARDHN,  known  as 
THE  GRAPERIES,  ST.  MARTIN'S.  CHICHESTER, 
wnh  eight  Glasshou-es  thereon  in  captal  condriion,  heated  with 
fl  Lie- and  hot  wattr  pipes,  havir  ga  total  length  of  518  leet.  and 
an  area  of  96)6  teet  of  gUss.  four  of  the  largest  houses  are 
well  stockeu  wnh  the  ch  .ice-t  Vines  f  r  market  produce  and  in 
full  bearing  ;  the  other  four  arc  us«d  as  Strawb.Tiy  and 
T  mito  houses.  The  garden  is  planted  with  Plum.  P,ar,  and 
Mulberiy  tre-s,  and  will  sloiked  with  (luit  bu-hes.  T  heie  is 
aiso  a  plentiful  supply  o  water  fr.  m  a  pump  in  the  garden. 
th.ee  laree  water  tanks,  a.  d  a  T..0I  and  Fowlhou-e  tl-ereon. 
The  above  garden  is  situated  in  ihe  centre  of  the  City  of 
Chichester,  with  a  carriage  enlrai  ce  from  Little  London.  It 
has  been  Icir  many  years  m  the  pos  essio  1  of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker, 
who  has  doi  e  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  Lond.  n  ma.kei  and 
trade  customers  at  Souihsea.  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Salisbury,  and 
other  places  .  ,     , 

P.s«se-ion  will  be  given  at  Christmas  next,  with  the  exception 
of  the  v.neries  where  .he  grapes  are  not  then  cut.  w.th  right  of 
acce-s  thereto.     One  hall  ol  the  pui  chase  money  may  remain  on 

""The'gard'e.tmlfv'brviewed  on  annlicalion  to  Mr.  ISAIAH 
BAKI-R,  The  G  aperies.  St.  Martin's.  Chichesier:  and 
parucu  a.s.  wi.h  condiiionsof sale  .  blamed  of  Mess.s.  RAPtR 
ANi.  fRfcFIAND  Solicitors.  West  Street,  t  hi.  he-tet  ;  and 
,.f  Messrs.  WYATT  AND  SON,  Estate  Agents,  V.luers.  and 
A'lcuoneers,    East    Street,    Chichester,    and    Auction     Mait, 


Norton  Hall,  Daventry,  Northamptonshire. 

3  Miles  from  Weedon,  2  Miles  from  Long   Buckby  Stations  on 
I  ondon  and  North- Western  Railway. 

FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  the  death  of 
the   Head  Gardener,  Mr.  John  Day.  fine,  and  in  some 
cases  very  grand    Specimens  of  the  toUowiog  p'ants.  at  very 

FERNS  —  Adiantum  caidiochlxna,  Davallia  Mooreana, 
Gild  aid  Silver  Gymnogramma,  Gieichenia  rupestris  and 
dicholoma,  Neoltopteris  nidus-avis. 

IXORAS— l.t'ge  and  smaller  plants,  all  in  full  bloom. 

CROTON  S  of  various  sorts  and  sijes. 

Some  srtendid  Specimensof  PALMS.  CHAMyEROPS  and 
CVCAS  CIRCINALIS,  and  sevetal  large  plants  of  EUCHA- 
RI3  AMAZON ICA. 

Most  of  these  plants  are  fit  for  immediate  showing,  and  may 
be  seen  at  the  Gardens,  on  application  to  Mr.  BIRD. 

California 
TTiOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN   and  FRUIT 

JO  FARMS,  CATTi  E  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
m.--i  des.iable  pa  ts  of  Calif.  r..ia. 

Full  p.ni-ii'i.s  furn.shed  noon  aopiica'ion.  personally  or  by 
le.ter,  t.  GEO    T.  THEOBALD  AND  CO.,   419,   Ca.ifornia 

S'lert.  S3.1  F...n    i-c     Cal.f.r.  13. 

To  Murierymen.  Gaidemrs,  and  Others. 

1a"'0R  SALE  by  Private  Treaty,  as  a  going 
-  c.ce...  the  Eiaht  GRFFN  HOUSES  PLANL. 
STOCK-l.N-TRADE,  and  CO  .LWILL  of  'he  BU-INE.^S 
recently  canted  on  by  ihe  late  Mr.  Danitl  Freeman  Vicar's 
Cross  Nurserits,  near  Cherster.  The  Nusenes.  which  are  up- 
wards of  3  Acrts  in  extent,  are  held  on  Lease  in  advantageous 
terms  :  and  to  an  energetic  man  this  is  a  first-rate  opening.  For 
full  particulars  apply  to  Mr.  LAWRENCE  BOOTH.  Vicai's 
Cross,  (!:hester,  or  to  Mr.  F.  LlPiHAM,  Accountant,  Easlgate 
Street,  Cheilv. 


TO  BE  SOLD  or  LET,  a  NURSERY.    New 
Seven-roomed    House,    Six    Greenhouses,    heated    with 
4-inch     Piping.      Immediate    possession    may    be    had.      For 

Ap.,ly   to  J.    B.,   32,    Aden    Grove,    Green    Lanes,    Stoke 

Newington.  N. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

THE  DlRtCTuRS  of  the  ASTON 
GROUNDS  COMPAN\  (Limited),  Aston  Losver  Grounds, 
Birmingham,  are  willing  to  LET  on  advantageous  terms,  the 
masnificent  GREEN  HOUSES,  situated  at  the  above  grounds, 
tight  in  number,  heated  bv  Steam  Pipes,  and  including  STORE 
ana  PROPAGATING  HOUbES.  to  a  responsible  fiim. 

The  HOUSES  measure  from  60  feet  to  100  feet  in  lerglh, 
and  are  at  present  lully  st.xked. 

They  are  well  fitted  with  strong  Staging,  .ind  are  generally  in 
a  perfect  state  of  repair. 

The  GREENHOUSES  themselves  are  situated  in  an  en- 
closure about  60  yards  'quare.  which  also  contains  about  3C0 
feet  lun  of  H  udening-t  IT  Frames,  and  Tool,  Store,  and  Potting 
EheHs  .  also  Two  Dwelling  Cottages. 

The  ASTON  LOWER  1. ROUNDS  are  the  most  important 
Plea-ure  Gard^.s  in  the  Midland  Counties,  and  aie  visited 
annually  by  i.early  a  million  people,  coming  from  ail  paits  of 
the  kingdom. 

This  is  an  tffer  which,  to  an  enterprising  fi.m.  would  affjrd 
an  cpuortunity  of  acquiring  a  woild-wide  reputation,  and  of 
establshinc  at  the  same  time  a  profitable  business 

Eveiy  facility  would  be  given  in  the  Giounds  for  the  Sale  of 
Flower,  and  Plants. 

The  Houses  can  te  viewed  at  any  time  on  application  at  the 
Offices,  and  lull  pa.licuLrs  may  be  obtained  fr.  m  J  REEVES 
SMITH,  Jan.,  G-neral  Manager,  Aston  Grounds  Company 
(Limitedl.  Birmineham. 

JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat.    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot-     Catalogue  post-free  ol  every  Horticultural  Requ'  ' 


Pla. 


,  Old  Kent  Road,  S  E.     Established  t 


To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATItlN    and 
PLANTING  ol  NE*  GARDEN   and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
.15.  Lisina  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Hull  Corporation 

To  NUR-h.RYMEN  and  OTHERS. 

THE  COkPORATION  are  prepared  to  RE- 
CEIVE  TENDERS   for   PL.VN11NG   wiih    TREES 
and  SHRUB s  their  New  Park  on  the  Anlaby  Road.  Hull. 
Forms  of  Tender  may  be  obtained    upon  application  to  the 


gned. 


addri 


_   _       jd  "Tender  for  Planting," 

ihe  Chairman  of  the   Parks  S,-ecial  Committee,  and   deliver 

under  cover  to   R.  HILL  DAWt.  Esq  ,  Town  Clerk,  Hull. 

M  bsfjre  10  o'clock  WEDNESDAY  morning,  26th  Aucust.iSI 

By  order.  J.  FOX  SH  *RP,  Borough  Engineer. 

Town  Hall,  Hull.— August  .3.  1885. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES,  "LAXTON'S 
KING  of  the  EARLIES."  and  "THE  CAPTAIN." 
Orders  lor  tne-erema  kable  New  Sirawberries,  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Pilvate  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  from 

T.  LAX  I'ON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  wel  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES.  FRUIT 
T  REES,  &c  ,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihcy  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 


appi 


The  AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  . 
il  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 


.  preparatic 


Ferns— Ferns.-Ferns. 

TO    THE    TRADE     ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.  STRIClUM.LOMARI.lGIBBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGAIA.  nice  Plants,  in  smaU 
pots  ready  for  potting  on.  20..  per  100,  jCq  per  icoo. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants, ready  for  potting 

AuIAN  rUikI  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  4}^  and  5-inch 
Dot-,  aoi.  and  SOT.  per    01. 

The  LI  V  E  R  POOL  HO RTICULTUR AL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston,  Liverpool. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen.  near  Haarlem,  H.illand. 
Tnter^ding  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozbn  &  Son's  Catalog  us  for  1885.  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  DEALI^G  direct  with  thb  Grower.  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Frbb  Deliverv,  will  be  sent,  post-febe.  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane    St.  Marv-at-Hiil.  London,  E.C. 


By  Special  Warrant. 

"  Suoerb  SEEDS  for  PREsEN  T  and  Later  SOWING." 

DICKSON'S  CHOICEST  Strains  ol 
PRIMULA  CALCEOLARIA.  CINERARIA,  CY- 
CLAMEN. BEGONIA,  and  AURICULA,  in  packets, 
is  6/  .  2J.  6J  ,  3S.  6^..  and  5s.  each.  Double  German  WALt^ 
FLOWER,  suneib  -train,  is.  per  packet.  Extra  selected  Single 
Dark  Bloodied  WALLFLOWER,  6j.  and  is  per  packet. 
Also  all  other  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  "Spring  Gardening." 
as  well  as  VEGETABLE  SEEDS  for  Present  Sowing. 
Carriage  ai  d  P.  st  free.  SeeiJs  .and  Plants  of  every  description. 
Desciiplive  Priced  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &    SONS, 

108,  EASTGATE  ST.,  CHESTER. 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


227 


;>tv^-^\Vs^i9? 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAIL 


PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JamesDickson&Sons 

"NEWTON"  NURSERIES  VurcTcn 
IOSEASTCATES^  ptbltK 


WHOLESALE    BULB    CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  all  varielies  of  Enelish.  Duich,  and   French 

grown  Bulbs,  includme  ihe  following  :  — 
ANI^.MO^^^S.  all  the  best  va-ielies. 

CHinVoD()X:\  LUCILM.«,  charming  blue  spring  flower. 
Cki  'CUS.  all  ni-med  vaiielies.  and  mixed 
FBEESIA  REFKACTA  ALBA,  beaut. fol  white  sweel-scenied 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Chrisiroas  Rose.  [Cape  bulb. 

HYACINTH';,  all  colours,  named,  for  pot,  glasses,  or  bedding. 
IBIS,  all  the  best  varieties 
IXIAS,  handsome  showy  spring  flowers. 
LILIES,  all  the  leading  nam.d  soits. 
NARCIS';,  Polyanthu.  var.eties. 
NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS,  in' orty  varieties. 
SCILLAS  and  SNOWDROPS,  including  ihe  newest  varieties 
TUl.IP.S.  Dnuble  and  Single,  in  great  variety.      [of  the  latter. 
Winter  aconites,  bright  yellow,  the  first  bulb  to  bloom 
a'ter  Christmas. 
May  be  had  on  application.    Please  compare  our  prices  before 
sending  your  orders  abroad.  —  WATKINS  and  SIMPSON, 
Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants,  n,  Exeter  Street    Strand.  \V,C. 

CLEMATIS 

JACEUIANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

N<no  being  sent  out  at  -js.  6d.   and  los.  6/.  each. 
Cask  or  reference. 


CHARLES  NOBLE,  BAGSHOT. 

FERNS  A  SPECTaLTY, 

THE    LARGEST    BTOCK    IN    THE    TKAJ)E. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  contaming  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  II. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  uoospecies  and  vaiieties, 

Specid    Desc.iptive    "List   of   New,   Rare,    and  Choice 

Fekns."  fiee. 
Descriptive  "  List  of  H.midv  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.   &   J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 
The  Grand  New  Narcissus. 

SIR  VV    A    T    K    I    N ." 

is.  ea,  ii,  2  15.  per  dozen,  if  05.  per  loc. 

1  he  largest  and  fii.esl  known.     Fust  c)a,s  Certificate  Roj  al 

HoTlicultural  Society. 

Descripiive  CAT  VLOGIIE  po-t-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKbON  &  SONS.  "Newton"  Nu.seties.  the-ter. 


\\T  E      BE 

'   '         th.it    our    A 


G  TO  ANNOUNCE 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE  is  mw  beii.g 
di,lributed  ;  as  usual  it  i.  the  most  complete  record  ■  f  only  the 
best  and  most  serviceable  Flower-,  both  for  the  Garden  ai.d 
Oreei.ht.u.e  :  in  fac  It  is  a  Guide  how  to  have  an  abundance  of 
bloim  all  the  winie^  and  at  the  very  lowest  price  to  be  well 
seivrii.  Sh  luld  it  fall  to  leich  our  Patrons  anti  Friends,  please 
notify  and  another  shall  be  sent  Post-frre 

■■  Capi.  TVLDEN  PATTENSON. 

'■  Daih,i:,„ulin,  Stnfll/iiirst,  August  18,  1885. 
"  Mrs.  T.  Pattenson  and  mjself  were  extremely  pleased 
with  our  Visit  to  vour  '  Home  of  Flowers  '  yesterday.  Such  a 
truly  sp'endid  sight  as  the  various  Begonia  and  Pelargonium 
houses  presented  we  never  before  witnessed,  indie iting  as  they 
did  ihe  highest  latent  :.nd  skill  in  their  management." 

H.    CAN  NELL    &    SONS, 


»EiW^^^itMfiR 


;siBiUiLjBsS^,: 


SOOOOO      UlKiicT      FROM      HOLLAND. 

Very   Chop    I.l  i  l'.    wuh    inlercM.ii;    V'.imphlet  on   G.owine 
Bulbs,  free  on  applicalinn.      HYACINTHS,  from  ^s.  bd   100; 
TULIPS,  from  21.  iro;   CROCUS,  from  ij    100;   NARCIS- 
SUS, fom  at.  ICO      Liberal  Discount  to  Large  Buyers. 
ROBtRT  SYDENHAM,  Bristol  Road,  Birmingham. 


"TTE    NARCISSUS  or  DAFFODIL;" 

JL     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.   Price  is. 
R4RR    ANn   SON.  Kins  Street.  Covert  G.rden.  W  C. 

Koman  Byaclatus    Llllum  candidum.  snowdrops. 

HURST   AND    SUN    have    a   very  fine   ami 
healthy  stock  of  the  above,  and  will  be  happy  to  quote 
Lowest  Piices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

Thiir  Stock  of  DUICH  BULBb  has  now  arrived  in  most 
excellent  condition,  HYACINTHS  particularly  being  very 
fine.  A  Pe.sonal  Inspection  is  cordially  ibVited.  Prices 
extremely  moderate. 

CATALOGUES  have  been  sent  10  all  Customers,  any  who 
have  not  received  a  copy  will  please  let  them  know  and  another 
shall  be  sent 

Seed  Warehouse,  15;.  Houndsditch    London.  E. 


Tile  Success  of  tbe  Rose  Season. 

PA      UL        AND        S      O      N'S 
Three  New  Che-hunt  Roses. 
II.P.  MADAME  NORMiN  NERUDA— The  perfection  of  a 
show  Ro-e.        First-class  Certificate  Royal' Horticultural 
Society.  July  14 
H.P.  LONGFELLOW— The  new  Moss  Rose,  vigorous,  violet. 


Cbarle' 


efebvi 


H.P.  PRIDE  of  REIGATE— The  finest  striped  real  autumnal 

flowering  Rose.     Firsl-class  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural 

Society,  July  14. 

The  Set  of  tne  Three,  g^od  Plants  in  pots,  for  budding  from  ; 

orsironggood  Plunisin  November  ;  str.iheSet.     Orderatonce. 

The  "Old"  Nurseries.  Cheshunt,  Herts. 


PAMPAS  PLUMRS,  FLOWER  of  GYNE- 
RIUM  ARGEN  I  EUM,  crop  1S85.  to  be  d.livered  next 
auiumn.  as  soon  as  they  shall  arrive  from  California,  at  loor. 
per  case  of  1000  Plumes.  iS  to  24  inches  in  lengih  ;  at  12  j  per 
case  of  8oo  Plumes,  24  to  30  inches  in  lengih.  Free  on  board  of 
a  steamer  in  the  pjit  01  New  Voik,  U.S.  Terms  cash. 
Apoly  to 

Messrs.    LEVAVASSEUR  AND  SON,  Nurserymen,  Ussy, 
Calvados,  France. 


Flowers  at  Christmas. 


SUTTON'S 

BULB  CATALOGUE, 

READY    IN    A    FEW    DAYS, 
Crutis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


"hWnufo 


(rnh 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to   H  M.  the 
Queen  and  H  R.H  the  Pr.nce  of  Wales, 

RiTADING. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH    BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheai  er 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  ih^m  brouiiht  over  free  by  oider- 
ing  f,om  LtWlS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importrr  of  Dutch 
Bulbs  at  1. Victoria  Warehou-es.  Mansell  Slreei,  Aldgate,  E.C.  7 
Kstaoli-hed  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  p  .st-lree  on 
a  plicatisn      An  immen-e  stock  ol  all  kinds  of  Bulbs 


the 


!  addri 


end  of  De, 


B  WALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  ofter  to 
•  the  I  rade  a  ve.y  extensive  and  unusually  wed  grown 
str.ckrf  ERICAS  (Hyenialis  a.  d  oiher  vaiietie- )  EPAIRIS, 
l-ol.ANUMS.  OdNI.-TAS.  CYCLAMEN,  HOUVARDIA^, 
AHIANIUM  CUMFATUM  aid  other  FERNS,  GAKDE- 
NIAS.  STKi-HANOris,  FICUi  ELASTICA.  GREVIL- 
LE.\S.  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.     An  inspection  is  invited 

Trade  CATALOGUES  lorward-d  on  appicaiion. 
Th-    ANNUAL    SALE    by  AUCTION   will  be   held    on 
TUISDAV,  Septembe 


Bu  nt 


-h  LrneNii-si 


.  Lee.  S.  E. 


HB.   MAY  ofters  the  following  in   strong, 
•     clean,  healihy  Plants,  in  the  best  possible  cone  it  on. 
An  inspection  invited. 

TREE  CARNATIONS,  in  4SS  and  6o's. 
TEA  R0sE3,in,B"s, 

,,     very  I  rge.  frcm  4  to  6  feat. 
CLEMATIS  indivisa  lobata 
FERNS,  large  and  small,  in  great  variety. 
BOUVARDIAS,  set  with  bloom. 
„     Lemoine-s  new  double. 
Dyson's    Lane    Nuisery,    Upper    Edmonton,    Silver    Street 
Station  (G.E.R) 

FOR       SALE, 

TWO      SPECIMEN      OLEICHENIAS. 

vara.  "Mendelii"  and  "rupestris." 

5  to  6  feet  high,  4^  to  5  feet  through,  well  furnished  and  healthy. 

Apply  to 

W.  SMITH  &  SON,  Aberdeen.  NB. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  fre-h  only,  IJ.  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  12J.  :  30  bags. 
2!i  .  sent  to  all  pans:  tiucks,  23J..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM.— A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4if.  per  bushel ;  100  for  255  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40J. :  4  bushel  bags,  \d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PLAT,  ji.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25r.  ;  sacks,  41/.  each. 

BLACK  FlBKuUa  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  ris.  ;  sacks. 
4*  each 

COARSt,  SII  VER  SAND,  rr  9/  per  bushel;  151.  per  half 
ton.  i6r   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bai:s,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MUULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  Sr.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  ST1CK=!,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUS-IA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G   SMYTH,  ai,  Gnld-mith's  Street. 

Diury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 
Xi^'lBKOUi,  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
X  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  lor  Orchids, 
StovePiants.sS:c.,i:6  6l.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths.  American  Plant  Bids,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  2ri.  id.  ;  10  Bags, 
4SI.     Bags  included.     Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi.  6,y.  per  Bag. 

SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  oT  4  Ton,. 
WAI  KER  and  CO..  Famborough  Station.  Hants. 


pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE   REFUSE:    newly 

VV  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society.— Truck-load  of  a  tons,  20J  :  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
I4r.  ;  forty.  25s  ,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cashwilh 
O'riers,— J.  STLVtNS  and  CO..  Cocia  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"Greyhound  Yard."  and  153,  High  Stieet,  Bamrsea,  S.W. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  ^^ 


Me 


(.Ul  sacks  included.) 
ack  :  5  sacks  for  zoj. 
,         s  sacks  lor  1 5 J. 


.  per  bush,  (sacks  included). 


Quality,  THE  BEST  in  tbe  Market. 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   45.  dd.  pel 

Pk  AT,  best  black  fibrous     ..is.id. 

PEAT,  e.\iia  selected  Orchid   jj,  61. 

I.tJAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     "| 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     I 

PFAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ti.  3;/,  per  bush,,  121,  half  ton,  22i  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOT  H.  finest  importe.t        . .     s  .'.  lb.,  aS  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Stccialic)    S,/.  lb.,  jS  lb.  181. 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  .  -     .sr,  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MUSS,  all  selected,  21.  perlu;h,,6f,  per  sack. 

COOOA-NOT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  1  hubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  u.  each  ;  ro  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  17s,  ; 
30Sacks.  255:  40  sacks,  3or.  Tiuck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25J.  Limited  quantities  01  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only.  2  ,  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  ordtr. 

CHUBB.    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD    MILWALL.  LONDON,  E. 


A      GKEAT      SUCCESS. 

JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  G.illon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
directions,  and  applied  wiih  an  ordinary  watering-can, 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,   Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns.  &c. 

Price.  J!,  (x/.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;   40  gallon  Casks, 
Ci  tor.     Crriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO.    (Limited), 

.11    1  ann.m  Slreei.  londnn,  E.C. 


YOU   CAN   IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARASITE^  that  infest  Trees  and  Plants 

(u-luliur  ,il  lilt'  i-uats  Ol-  uii  the folimjcj  by  using 

FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  (.l°^Y^^) 

°-e"  Fw    '  f:;Zr^::^^;Jri^:r::,:i "-  'v  Bug 

Black  Fly  all  Insect  pests  ore  speedily    Thnp 

Woolly  Aphis  ;  rlniired  by  the  use  of  Fir  Tree  ■  Red  Spider 
Grubs  ^  O''*      Effectual,    Economical.    Caterpillars 

,    ,  ,  and  Safe.     It  does  not  injure    f,:,^^^ 

*"'^  Flowers,  Foliage,  or  the  bloom    "''"^w 

Worms  ,  on  Grapes,  Stone  Fruit,  &o.     .  Scale,  Sec. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  drslroiis  Liec  and  Fleas  on  Aiiimak;  it 
will  cure  Jtinifwoym  and  all  Skin  Diseaf.e!i  pyodiictd  by 
Farasilfs,  and  is  perfcctltj  harmless  to  ihe  Hands  ^-  Skin. 
Sold  hy  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  1/6,  2/6,  and  ,!  6  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  :M,  extra.  Per  gr.rllon  12/6,  or  less  in  l,Trger  quantities, 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL.  as  an  INSECTICIDE,  its 
application  to  Pl.ants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  ol  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES.  Manchester, 


Wholesale: 
Asn  CO.;  (■ 
Seed  Mercha 


I:iil.Kl:U 


1;,  FiiWI.ER 
11  llii'  London 

I' III  ■   Houses, 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider.  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  liiight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winlet  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  ihe  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  js.,  3r.,  and  ics.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  grourd.  Boxes,  id.  and  is  ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  Loodon. 


228 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885. 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(11.  exua  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
at;es  and  printed  cultural  directions 
euclosed.  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Higheate  Nurseries.  N. 


PINE-APPLE  NURSERY, 

MA  IDA     VALE, 

LONBON,    N.W. 

The  fo  lowing  are  tffered  at  exceptionally 
low  prices.  Alt  the  plants  are  healthy  and 
well-grown,    in     varielies    of    first    quality, 


HENDERSON  &  SON. 

:w  pure  whlteflowtred,  hardy  PASSION-FLOWER,  u 
!  Camellias,  choice.  Erg:ish-grow,h,wilhbuds,aii 
!  AZALEAS,  12  sorts,  beautiful  colours,  i8i. 
\  DRaCENAS,  12  sons,  very  oinamental,  6l.,  91. 
I  CROTi  INS.  12  beauliful  sons.  6...  rsi. 
-- ■    ■  •         clour!    - 


IXORAS,  finest* 
)  SIOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  choice  sek. 

of  flowering   and   oiname(.lal  foliage,    5  .  sjrts,    . 

i05>orts    63J 
)  choice  FERNS,  in  ereat  var.ety,  its.,  3C1..  or  421. 
I  MAIDENHAIR  FERNS.  12  sorts,  ts.,  ^s. 
I  Gold  and  Silver-'eaved  FERNS,  6s..  9s. 
1  choice  ORCHIDS,  for  warm  or  coolhjuse.  IS.,  \is 
:  s:rts  of  MOSSES,  including  yellow,  white,  blue,  and  ( 

coloured  leaves.  4T. ,  6,', 
!  MARANTAS,  beautiful  foliage.  11 
!  EUCHARIS  AMAZDNIC^fihe 


,V- 


.  9S  . 


:tnted, 

rTREE  or  'PERPETUAL.FLOWERING  CARNA- 
TIONS, 12  sons,  fs. 

I  AFRICAN  ASPARAGUS,  a  lovely  plant  to  cut  for  all 
decoration  purposes,  most  elegant  for  ladit  s'  dress  orna- 
mentation, fine  plants,  2ts.,  42*. 

t  BEGONIAS,  beautil'ul  foliage.  12  sorts  6t.,  t2j.,  an. 

.  GLOXINIAS,  with  flower-buds,  beautiful.  i»j. 

1  HARDY  WATER  PLANTS,  t2  sons,  105  6i,  21J, 

:  GARDENIAS  (Cape  Jismine).  best  large  variety,  £j.,  tis  , 


.  6s.,  (fS  ,  iSs. 


!  HIBISCUS,  12  sorts,  large  brilliant  fl: 

i  CLEMATIS,  beautiful  sons,  .21..  181. 

I  ALO^ASIAS,  6  sons,  fine  foliage.  6j,.  12J. 

!  DIEFFENISACHIAS,  beautiful  varieties,  61  ,  12J. 

LIST  of  Cheap  Offer  In  Ornamental  Plants, 
sent  Post-free  on  application. 


AUTUMN     CATALOGUE 
OF    FLORAL   GEMS, 

GRATIS  &  POST-FREE  on  APPLICATION 


Before   ordering    elsewhere   p'ease  send    for   our    Illustrated 
CATAL'"GUE.      In  it    will   be    fjund   ustfu/  instntcitofis  to 
am:iieurs,    enabling   them   to  f>ro'iouru€    botanical   nnmfs  car- 
ricliy,  besides  much  further  interesting  icformalion. 
s  divided  into  iections.  as  follows  :— 

In  this  depart  ment  wi'l  be  found  many  specie";, 
,  rare  and  beautiful,  and  which  are  not 
e  found  offered  in  any  other  English  Cara- 
logue,  whilst  the  prices  of  popular  species,  such  as  Hyacinth-, 
Tulips.  &c.,  will  be  found  exceptionally  low,  ^^.,  White  Roman 
Hyacinths,  ^p'enc^id  healthy  sample,  in  qu.intities  ol  250  aiid 
upwards,  gs.  3/,  per  iod. 

We  are  offering  Fome  most  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  rare  and  seldom  seen  species,  many 
of  which  have  been  specially  collected  for  us  ; 
ick  of  several  is  Umiied  we  would  stiongly  advise 
n,  ai.d  thus  save  disappointment. 
Hardy    Otchids 

v/t  are  enabled 
ly  unknown  htre   in  Engi-iuH.     We  also 
lections  at  lowest  figures  possible,  purposely  to 
titul  novehiei  within  the  reach  of  all. 


BULBS,  'i 


FERNS. 


ORCHIDS. 


list  of  herbaceous, 

,  and  a  general  c  1 

.ther  beautiful  pla 

be  found  unusually  interesting  to  botan; 


PLANTS, 

This  section  will 
&c.,  in  search  ul 

SEEDS, 
MISCELLANEOUS, 


I  a  position  to  place  hefore  our 
lique  stocks  of  all  the  vcy  best 
id     would    respectfully   draw    the 


>ple: 


;  both  the  professic 


B.  -To  Amateurs  who  are  In  tlie  habit  of  purchas- 
Iss  Guinea  and  other  collections. 

Ittitead  of  doing  ioth's  sea  01  send  the  order  to  us,  leaz-tMg 
the  selr'Ction  to  oh*'  jwi^ment  simply  giving  Particulars 
as  to  nature  0/ soil,  podlion  r/ garden,  if  any  glass  ^^  , 
ivft^n -we  Jeel  Ully  assured  that  ive  Can  by  this  me  hna 
affi^rit  thun  tnucit  ntore s*atiJicntion/or  ttuir money  than 
ij  they purszici  ilie  ordttia'^y  nieilwd. 


VIC3AE,S    COLiLYER  &  CO.. 

BULB    MEKClUNIS,   &c  , 
CENTKAL    HALL,    LEICESTER  ("-here  all  letters  are  to 
addressed)    and 

Central  Nurseries,  GlenBeld.  near  Leicester. 
A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 


EARLY  WHITE    ROMAN   HYACINTHS. 

EARLY  ROMAN  and  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons 
the  above  valuable  bulbs  for  early  forcing, 

And  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 

BULB  CA  TALOGUE  for  18S5  his  now  been  Posted  to  all  our  Customer^  ;  any  one  not  having 
received  the  same,  a  Duplicate  Copy  will  im  ■mjiale  'y  be  forwxrdei  Post-free  on  application. 


ROYAL    FXOTIC    NURSERY,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,    S.W. 

MESSRS.    GREGORY   &    EVANS, 

LONGLANDS    NURSERY,     SIDCUP, 
Will  place  before  the  Trade,  at  their   GREAT   SALE  in   SEP- 
TEMBER, one  of  the  Largest  Collections  of  WINTER-FLOWERI NG 
HEATHS  and  OTHER  PLANTS  ever  offered,  includino-  :_ 


20,003  IRICA   HYEMALIS,  ia  flowering 

pots,  well  set. 
10,000      ,,    GRACILIS,  in  flowering  pots, 

well  set. 


6  000 


5,000 
10,000 


MELANTHERA,  in  flowering 
pots. 

CAVENDISHI,  ia  floweiing 
pots 

M  AGNIFICA,  in  fiiwei  ingpots. 

COCCINEA  MINOR,  in  flower- 
ing pots. 


10,000  CYTISDS  RACEMOSA,  in  48's. 

5,000  ADIANXUM  CUNEATUM,  in  43'a. 

5,000  SOLANUMS,  in  48'a. 

5,000  BOUVARDIAS,  of  sorts,  ia  43's. 

3,000  CYCLAMEN,  in  48'fl. 

1,000  TREE  CARNATIONS,  in  43'3. 

l.OCO  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS,  ia  48's. 

2,000  GREVILLEA  ROBOSTA,  in  48's. 
50,000  HEATHS,    of    sorts,    in    60p,    for 
growing  on. 


IMSPECTION      INVITED. 


BULBS    FOR    EARLY    FORCING. 


EARLY    WHITE    ROMAN    HYACINTHS. 

PAPER-WHITE    NARCISSUS. 

DOUBLE    ROMAN    NARCISSUS. 
DOUBLE    JONQUILS. 
SINGLE    JONQUILS. 

Our  first  Consignment  of  the  above  just  received,  in  splendid  condition. 
DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 


-^W^^   LITTLE    &    BALLANTYNE, 

i^j^^^^^A^  SEED       AND       BULB       MERCHANTS, 

By  Royal  Warrant."  CARLISLE. 

HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


H0RTICULTUR4L     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  ou  appJicallon.         ILLDSTEATED  CATALOGUE,  Is.  eacl. 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


12.^ 


FOR  AUTUmTsOWING. 

SUTTON'S 

J I 

I     PURE     I 


GRASS  SEEDS, 


CARRIAGE    FREE. 


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on  application. 


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ana  H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

BEADING,  BERKS. 


STRAW  BERRIES, 

SlroDg  Roots.  4J.  per  loo.  Plants  in  smal]  Dots.  ](,j  pet  i;o  ; 
ditio  in  large  pots,  ^--s.  per  lOo,     Descrinlive  LIST  l.ee- 

RICHARD  SMilH  and  CO,  Nurierymen  and  Seed 
Merchauts,  Worcester. 


©Itieshiblislicti.! 

—  (Koo^a, — 

SUPERB    QUALITY.         [ 

I^Hlie  yitliof  g)ollauli.  t 

Prices  very  moiiirate.         \ 

jfrce  Deliveries.  \ 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE  f 

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P.^fI.Dl6P^S0M^S0NS,| 
Ibe  diucen's  SceDsinen,    "^  [ 

GHESTEI^.    I 

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Our  TRADE  LIST  is  now  ready. 

If  you  have  not  received  one,  send  a  Postal  Card  for  it, 
COMPARE      PRICES. 


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BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 

B,  S.  WILLIAMS' 

WELL    RIPENED    and  HE.iVV    BULBS 

01'  Per  ico-i.      d. 

ROMAN   HYACINTHS        15     o 

From  5  to  i)-X  inches  ia  circumference. 

PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS  ...     10    o 

From  5  to  6  inches  in  circumfereoce. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS     10    6 

From  5  to  6J2  inches  in  ciicumference. 


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VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,   LONDON,  N. 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   While  and  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Christmas  and  Easter 

Decoration. 

CARTERS'  Earliest  White  Roman  HYACINTHS. 

Per  loa.  15!.  ;  per  dozen.  2j.  3-/. 

CARTERS  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 


Per 


.  bd. 


CARTERS'  Paper-White  NAECISSDS. 

Per  100,  II J.  61/.  :  per  dozen,  i^.  grf. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  100    5^.  6./.  ;  per  dozen,  ict/. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  ito,  3s.  kd. 

CARTERS'  Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 

Per  100,  yjs.  ;  per  dozen,  45.  (^d. 

All  Parcels  Packing  and  Carriage  Free. 


/BARTERS'       COLLECTIONS, 

\J  SELECTED  FROM  THE  ABOVE  BULBS.- 
A,  price  5J.  ;  B,  price  7J.  bd.  \  C,  price  i6f.  All  forwarded, 
pacliinK  free,  per  Paicels'  Post. 


FOR    Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
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'/I  />  ^ e>'h'  .A    ^''  ''oy''^  Highness  the 
CXyi^tXyViJ  PRINCE  OF  WALES. 

High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


HYACINTHS,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 
—  May  be  had  in  bloom  before  Christmas.  The  best 
pure  White  for  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

IRIS  K.EMPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
cnt  shades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iiis  is 
hirdly  yet  known  in  ihis  country,  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lover  of  flowers.  It  is  by  far  ihe 
largest  flower  of  this  family,  with  most  sinking 
colours.  We  offer  well  established  English-grown 
Roots  ;  also  many  ulher  varieties  of  Iris. 

TXIA  CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 

X  This  is  about  the   mo>t  showy  of  this  useful  family 

of  Bulbs. 

TXIA    VIRIDIFLORA— a   most   uncommon 

J-  colour     amongst     fioweis  —  very     itriking,     being 

a  decided  gretn  wiih  black  eye.  AUo  many  other 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  family  which  only  requires  to  be 
more  widely  kn<  wn  to  be  giown  as  largely  as  the 
Tulip  or  Hyacinth. 

L ILIUM  CANDIDUM  — the  Old  White 
Garden  Lily.  Fine  Bulbs  now  ready  for  Planting 
or  Forcing. 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS  —  in  great 
variety  — Choice  and  Common. 

SCILLA  SIBIRICA.  — This  charming  rich 
Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop,  to 
which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 

■WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOQUE 

of  DUTCH  and 
application. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Sebd  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

13,    EXETER    STREET,    STRAND,    W.C. 

AT    THE    INVENTORIES 

OUR    LILIUM    AUKATUM 

ARE    NOW   ON    VIEW,    IN    FULL   BLOOM,   IN   THE 
LARGE      CONSERVATORY. 

Spikes  cut  and  sent  to  order,  8f.  and  12s.  per  dozen. 


o 


UR    GENERAL   BULB    LIST,    No.   77, 

's  now  in  the  Press.     Send  f^-r  a  copy. 


NEW  PLANT  aad  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


R       O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  iZs.  to  36j-.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


SATURDAY,    AUGUST    2:,    1885. 


BAYFORDBURY. 
A  SHORT  distance  from  the  town  of  Hert- 
■il-  ford  lies  the  domain  of  Bayfordbury,  the 
residence  of  W.  R.  Baker,  Esq.,  a  gentleman 
long  known  as  a  keen  lover  of  the  arts  of  gar- 
dening and  tree  culture.  The  garden,  by  its 
intrinsic  and  varied  interest,  at  once  affords 
indications  of  the  knowledge  and  taste  of  the 
master.  The  place  has  also  claims  on  the  atten- 
tion of  artists,  literary  men,  and  students  of  social 
and  political  history,  for  here  are  Kneller's 
portraits  of  the  members  of  that  celebrated 
club  which  immortalised  its  host  and  landlord 
by  adopting  the  name  of  Kit  Cat.  There  they 
are— the  mashers  of  the  period,  in  wig  and 
smart  attire,  such  as  makes  those  of  the  pre- 
sent generation  thank  their  stars  they  have 
not  to  array  themselves  like  one  of  these.  But, 
interesting  as  they  are,  it  is  not  of  them  that 
we  have  to  speak.  The  Cedars  on  the  lawns, 
the  Oaks  and  Pines,  the  rock  garden,  the  woods 
— these  must  engage  our  notice. 

The  garden  front  of  the  mansion  faces  south, 
a  long  terrace  with  flower-beds  separates  it 
from  the  lawn.  On  the  sides  of  the  house  Pas- 
siflora  ccerulea  runs  wild,  cut-leaved  Vines 
enwreathe  the  portico,  Arauja  albens  shows 
that  the  shelter  of  a  stove  is  not  indispensable 
for  its  growth  ;  Escallonia  macrantha  and  the 
blue-leaved  Berberis  trifoliata— these  and  many 
others  clothe  the  walls. 

A  few  steps  and  we  are  in  the  rock  garden 

a  sheltered  nook,  encircled  by  trees  and  hedges 
over  which  latter  ornamental  Gourds  throw  out 
their  feelers  and  display  their  great  and  brilliant 
fruits,  and  under  whose  protection  Cannas  and 
Ricinus  and  other  sub-tropicals  unfold  their 
charms.  A  Chamjerops  stands  here  all  the  winter, 
and  has  stood  for  several,  without  protection. 
Bamboos— Metake,  Thamnocalamus  Falconeri, 
and  others— form  striking  clumps,  contrasting 
strangely  in  their  grace  and  elegance  with  that 
great  mammoth  of  a  plant,  Gunnera  scabra. 

The  rock  plants  are  grown  on  mounds  01 
burrs,  forming  so  many  islets  amid  a  sea  of 
turf,  encircled  with  trees.  The  burrs  are  not, 
one  would  say,  the  most  suitable  of  materials 
for  a  pictural  rockery,  but  experience  shows 
that,  here  at  least,  they  tone  down  into  soft 
gradations  of  colour,  and  become  time-stained 
and  lichen-covered  in  a  way  most  pleasing 
to  the  eye,  while  rampant  vegetation,  creep- 
ing slugs  and  wily  woodlice  do  not  find 
many  inducements  to  take  up  their  quarters. 
The  best  thing  to  say  about  its  appearance  is 
this,  that  no  one  would  know  without  careful 
inspection,  what  the  material  was.  We  shall 
not  attempt  an  enumeration  of  the  rock  plants 
that  were  in  bloom.  The  list  would  have 
to  be  reconstructed  to-morrow.  Suffice  it  to 
mention  a  group  of  hardy  Cacti,  such  as 
Opuntia  missouriensis  and  0.  Rafinesquiana, 
the  latter  in  full  bloom,  and  surrounded 
by  brilliant  Mesembryanthemums.  Plumbago 
capensis  is  a  plant  one  does  not  often  see  in 
like  situations,  yet  here  it  is  quite  at  home,  as 
if  frost  were   unknown.     Another   Cape   plant, 


230 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1S85. 


the  Aponogeton,  grows  in  the  pools  and  bog- 
bedj  in  a  way  that  shows  that  it  endures  the 
climate  of  Hertfordshire  aUnost  as  well  as  that 
to  which  it  is  native. 

Terrestrial  Orchids  are  over  for  the  year,  but 
here  are  Cyclamens  still  in  bloom,  Ramondias, 
Linna'a,  Ferns  galore.  Tropaeolum  speciosum 
looks  as  if  it  would  establish  itself,  but  its 
brother,  T.  polyphyllum,  as  in  so  many  other 
places,  refuses  to  grow.  Over  the  Laburnum 
trees  climbs  the  delicate  tinted  Wistaria.  Mr. 
Baker  hoped  the  two  flowers  might  make  a 
match  of  it,  but  there  seems  no  signs  of  such  a 
consummation.  Perhaps  if  a  little  gentle  pres- 
sure in  the  shape  of  artificial  aid  were  applied 
the  union  might  be  effected,  but  if  it  were  we 
e.xpect  the  resultwouldonly  interest  the  botanists 
— to  them  it  would,  of  course,  be  of  great  interest, 
but  to  the  lover  of  flowers  for  their  beauty  only 
we  fear  the  result  would  not  be  satisfactory. 

From  the  rock  garden  back  to  the  lawn  is  but 
a  few  steps,  and  those  massive  Cedars  compel 
respect.  They  seem  to  say.  Rock  plants  and  sub- 
tropicals  have  theirattractions,  no  doubt,  even  the 
bedding  plants  on  the  terrace  are  gay  and  bright, 
but  kok  at  us  ! — and  they  are  noble  trees,  not 
of  such  spreading  habit  as  some  are,  but  solid, 
bold,  well  grown,  comparatively  little  hurt  by 
wind  or  snow.  They  are  as  handsome  as  the 
Goodwood  trees,  and  nearly  as  large.  They 
were  planted  about  1765,  and  one  is  said  to 
have  been  a  seedling  from  Dr.  Uvedale's  Cedar 
at  Enfield.  (This  latter  was  planted  between 
1665  and  1670.)  A  third  generation  of  Cedars  is 
springing  up  at  Eayfordbury,  so  that  there  is 
no  doubt  that,  were  the  place  left  to  itself  for 
a  few  years,  a  miniature  Cedar  forest  would 
result.  M.  de  CandoUe  has  noted  a  similar 
occurrence  at  Geneva.  Mr.  Baker  is  a  great 
advocate  for  clearing  away  the  soil  from  the 
buttresses  at  the  base  of  the  trunk  of  these  old 
trees,  and  thus  of  facilitating  the  access  of  air 
and  water. 

As  there  are  representatives  of  three  gener- 
ations of  Cedar  here,  so  there  are  of  Oaks.  A 
family  tradition  ordains  that  the  heir  presumptive 
shall  plant  an  Oak  so  soon  as  circumstances 
permit  after  his  birth,  and  in  accordance  with 
this  we  have  in  the  park  here  a  fine  symmetrical 
Oak  (pedunculata),  planted  by  the  present  pos- 
sessor of  the  estate  in  iSi  i — a  sound,  hale  tree 
that  must  make  its  planter  proud  to  see.  Not 
far  off  is  another  Oak  — this  of  the  sessiliflora 
breed — planted  in  1840,  also  a  fine  tree  ;  while 
third  in  the  list  is  a  stripling  tree  of  some  twenty 
summers.  The  slowness  of  growth  for  the  first 
few  years,  and  the  rapid  development  subse- 
quently is  very  remarkable. 

Fine  trees  of  the  Turkey  Oak  are  here  to 
be  seen,  but,  however  beautiful,  they  are  not 
looked  on  with  favour  by  the  timber  merchant. 
Crossing  a  ravine,  now  dry,  but  filled  with 
traces  of  winter  flood,  we  enter  the  pine- 
tum.  Mr.  Baker  began  his  collection  soon 
after  Douglas  sent  home  his  precious  intro- 
ductions, and  availed  himself  largely  also 
of  the  subsequent  importations  of  Hartweg. 
On  looking  round  at  these  tine  trees  one  won- 
ders if  there  are  not  more  worlds  for  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  still  to  conquer.  We 
know  it  is  said  that  the  nurserymen  now-a- 
days  do  that  work  better  than  the  Society  could 
do,  and  we  remember,  as  all  must,  with  thank- 
fulness, how  much  has  been  accomplished  by  the 
Veitches,  the  Lows,  the  Standishes,  and  others. 
Still,  the  man  of  business  naturally  devotes  his 
attentions  to  the  fashionable  plants  of  the  day, 
and  while  Orchids  are  so  important  commer- 
cially, it  is  to  be  feared  that  other  things  of 
equal  interest  may  be  passed  over.  15ul  this  by 
the  way.  At  any  rate,  this  pinetum,  seated  on 
a  gentle  slope,  tells  unmistakably  of  Douglas 
and  Hartweg,  as  others  of  later  establish- 
ment do  of  Fortune  and  John  Veitch, 
and  those  of  the  future  will  do  of  Maries. 
There     are     fine     specimens     of    ponderosa 


and  other  nearly  allied  forms,  such  as  Parry- 
ana,  Beardsleyi,  Jeffreyana,  Benthamiana. 
P.  macrocarpa,  a  stately  tree,  is  once  more 
bearing  its  giant  cones  near  the  summit.  Two 
or  three  from  this  very  tree  were  figured  in  our 
columns  some  time  ago  (March  28,  1885,  p  413). 
About  one  of  the  trees  of  P.  macrocarpa  here 
there  is  a  curious  history.  Joseph  Knight,  the 
predecessor  of  Messrs.  Veitch  at  Chelsea,  gave  to 
Mr.  Baker  a  cone  of  this  species,  from  which 
the  seeds,  as  was  thought,  had  all  been  taken. 
The  cone  was  laid  aside  for  a  considerable  time, 
and  when  it  was  again  brought  to  light  a  seed 
was  discovered — a  seed  now  represented  by  a 
stately  tree.  Under  the  name  P.  californica  we 
find  a  species  (better  called  tuberculata)  which 
has  its  trunk  beset  with  whorls  of  cones  which 
are  not  easy  to  detach,  and  which  open  nobody 
kn^ws  exactly  when.  The  report  is,  that  it  is 
only  when  forest-fires  cause  the  cones  to  crack 
open  that  the  seed  is  liberated,  and  wafted  to 
some  spot  where  it  can  germinate.  In  any  case, 
it  is  observed  by  travellers  that  the  young  trees 
of  this  species  they  meet  with  are  all  of  about 
the  same  size  and  age,  as  if  they  all  started  into 
growth  together.  P.  tuberculata,  then,  is  similar 
in  habit  to  the  P.  muricata,  of  which  we  have  al- 
ready given  afigure  (p.  53,  January  12,  1SS4,  vol. 
xxi).  P.  Parryana,  so  called  after  Mr.  Gambler 
Parry,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  Pines,  stately  and 
massive.  It  has  not,  we  believe,  produced  cones, 
but  is  considered  to  be  a  form  of  ponderosa. 
Pinus  contorta,  P.  pinea,  P.  monticola,  and 
Abies  Nordmanniana  and  nobilis  are  all  pro- 
ducing cones,  as  well  as  a  host  of  smaller  and 
less  interesting  species.  Abies  lasiocarpa  is 
here  a  strikingly  beautiful  tree,  quite  distinct 
from  graiidis  or  concolor.  The  Douglas  Fir  in 
several  variations  does  well  here,  and  with 
Laricio  and  austriaca  gives  hopes  that  it  may 
be  serviceable  as  a  timber  tree.  Picea  ajanen- 
sis  (generically  called  Alcockiana),  and  which 
is  usually  so  beautiful,  does  not  do  well  here. 

Not  unduly  to  extend  the  list  and  weary  the 
reader  we  will  not  specify  more  of  the  fine  and 
interesting  specimens  to  be  seen  in  the  Pine- 
tum, but  it  should  be  mentioned  that  in  addition 
to  the  Pinetum  proper  the  Pines  have  welled 
over  into  some  outlying  woods,  where,  mid  the 
shelter  of  Oaks,  Beech,  and  Hornbeam  sym- 
metrical Wellingtonias  of  large  size  abound  and 
a  pair  of  Nordmann's  Fir,  planted  in  1S55,  are 
now  the  finest  and  most  symmetrical  of  any 
that  we  know  of — pyramids  of  combined  grace 
and  strength.  Here,  too,  is  a  group  of  fine 
Taxodium  sempervirens  (Redwood)  with  more 
slender,  pendulous  branches,  and  finer,  more 
delicate  foliage  than  ordinary.  The  trees  are 
now  60—70  leet  high,  and  all  of  Fern-like 
aspect  and  of  the  same  variety,  which  by  a  lucky 
accident  were  planted  near  to  each  other. 

Adequately  to  deal  with  Bayfordbury  and  its 
treasures  would  require  far  more  space  than  we 
can  command.  We  shall  have  failed  in  our 
task,  however,  if  we  have  not  conveyed  some 
slight  inkling  of  the  manifold  and  varied 
■merest  attaching  to  the  place. 


CUL'iIVATION    OF  LAVENDER 
AT   BRIGHTON. 

During  the  past  three  years  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  cultivate  Livender  and  Peppermint  at 
Brighton  ;  and  although  the  experiment  has  hitherto 
been  made  on  a  small  scale,  the  amount  of  success 
obtained  appears  to  be  worth  recording.  The  diffi- 
cuUies  attending  the  culture  of  medicinal  plants  are 
so  great  that  any  light  that  can  be  thrown  upon  the 
subject  will,  it  is  hoped,  prove  useful,  and  Mr.  Sawyer, 
who  has  long  taken  an  interest  in  plants  aftbrding 
perfume;,  has  kindly  placed  the  results  of  his  expe- 
rience at  my  disposal. 

It  might  be  supposed  that  so  distinct  a  plant  as 
Lavender  would  not  exhibit  many  varieties.  This, 
however,  is  not  the  case.  The  first  plants  experi- 
mented on   developed  in  the   form   of  dense   level- 


topped  rounded  tufts  of  foliage,  with  comparatively 
few  flower-heads.  Each  flower-head  foimed  a  con- 
tinuous spike,  except  the  lowest  whorl  or  verticil- 
laster,  which  is  separated  from  the  upper  portion  of 
the  spike  by  a  short  distance.  This  variety  neither 
grows  rapidly  nor  flowers  freely,  and  the  perfume  is 
not  so  fragrant  as  in  other  varieties.  This  was,  there- 
fore, discarded.  Another  variety  was  then  tried,  in 
which  nearly  all  the  floral  whorls  are  distinct,  so  as  to 
form  an  interrupted  spike.  This  variety  grew  rapidly, 
flowered  freely,  and  was  found  to  be  delightfully 
fragrant,  and  was  therefore  adopted.  It  has  the  dis- 
advantage, however,  that  the  plant  soon  forms  woody 
stems,  which  it  the  plants  are  much  exposed  to  wind 
easily  break,  and  loss  of  flowers  results.  Although 
this. variety  has  been  largely  propagated  by  cuttings  it 
does  not  always  come  true,  several  specimens  being 
pointed  out  to  me  which  were  of  sparing  habit,  and 
flowering  very  scantily,  with  herbage  of  a  much 
whiter  hue,  and  others  wiih  few  flower-heads  of  a 
more  purplish  hue  than  the  rest,  and  deficient  in 
fragrance.  It  should  be  observed  that  all  these 
varieties  presented  the  characteristic  rhomboidal  bracts 
of  the  true  Lavender, 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  the  cultivation  of 
Lavender  requires  constant  attention  and  habits  of 
close  observation  on  the  part  of  the  cultivator,  and 
that  the  quality  of  the  oil  produced  is  likely  to  depend 
not  only  on  the  care  with  which  the  oil  is  distilled, 
but  on  cultivating  only  the  best  and  most  fragrant 
varieties,  as  well  as  on  the  character  of  the  soil,  as 
mentioned  in  my  previous  notes  on  this  subject.  It 
may  be  here  noted  that  the  chalky  character  of  the 
soil  on  the  hills  near  Brighton,  especially  in  the 
ground  selected  by  Mr.  Sawyer,  seemed  peculiarly 
suited  to  the  culture  of  Lavender,  most  of  the  plants 
being  2),  to  3  feet  in  diameter,  with  flower-stalks 
2  feet  or  more  in  length. 

The  Peppermint  cultivated  by  Mr.  Sawyer  has  not 
succeeded  so  well  as  the  Lavender,  since,  being  grown 
on  a  slope,  the  suckers,  instead  of  burying  themselves 
in  the  soil,  stand  out  and  get  dried  up  by  the  sun, 
and  the  plants  do  not  multiply.  The  culiivation  of 
this  plant  is  obviously  not  suitable  to  the  nature  of 
the  ground. 

Rosemary,  however,  as  might  be  expected,  grows 
with  rapidity  and  flourishes  well,  and  should  the 
quality  of  the  oil  prove  as  much  a  success  as  that  of 
the  Lavender  has  done,  the  cultivation  of  this  plant 
will  be  extended.  E.  M.  Holmes,  F.L.S ,  in  the 
"  PhartnaceutUal  Journal,^^ 


DENUROBIUM  r.\RDALINUM,  n.  sp.' 
This  is  very  like  Dendrobium  Macraei,  It  ha?  its 
scandent  stem  covered  with  narrow  ligulale  mono- 
phyllous  bulbs.  Both  the  bulbs  and  the  leaves  are  nar- 
rower than  in  the  species  just  mentioned.  The  flowers 
are  arranged  in  the  same  way.  The  sepals  and  petals 
are  not  whitish,  but  ochre-coloured,  with  dark  purple 
spots.  The  lip  ofters  a  good  mark  of  distinction  in  its 
very  long  stalk  (isthmus)  having  two  long  undulate 
plicated  keels,  the  central  one  being  straight.  The 
anterior  part  is  pentagonal,  both  parts  running  back- 
wards, which  produces  a  sagittate  appearance.  As  in 
Dendrobium  Macraei,  this  part  is  very  thick,  and  has 
some  tumours.  It  was  kindly  sent  to  me  by  Mr, 
Harry  Veitch,  and,  thanks  to  the  good  packing,  the 
very  fugacious  flower  could  be  well  understood, 
H.  G.  Kchb.  f. 

Chlorophytum  rhizomatosum,  Baker,  n.  sfi.f 
This  is  a  new  species  of  Chlorophytum,  which  has 
just  flowered  at  Kew,   remarkable  for  its  very  long, 

*  DeudrMum parda!iniim,r\.  sp— .^ff.  Dendrobio  Macraei, 
Litidl.  ;  pseiidobulbis  lolii^que  .^nJJllslIorlb^ls .  florilius  solitariis 
(semper?);  mento  obtuso,  l.ibelli  laciniis  laterali'bus  seini- 
ovato  tnangulis,  ungue  (isthmo;  l.mgo,  carinis  a  basi  in  basin  ; 
lacinix  anticje  geminis,  per  unguem  (isthmuin)  plicalo- 
undulatis  intcrjecta  supra  unguem  carina  recta  in  laciniani 
.nnticain  decurrente,  lacinia  antica  pentagona  cruribus 
retrorsis  limbo  externo  nndulalis,  superficie  hinc  illinc  incrasata. 
CoL  cl   Veitch.  //.  G.  Kchl:/. 

\  Chlorophyhim  rhizomatosum,  n.  sp.— Rhizomatc  longc 
repente  crassitie  digiti  ;  foliis  subdisticnis  linearibus  firmi-, 
glabris  acute  carinatis  ;  pedunculo  brevi  furcato;  racemis  erectis 
confertis  ;  bractcis  minuiis  deltoideis,  pedicellis  brevissimis  ; 
perianthii  segmentis  oblongis  obtusls  dorso  ner\-is  tribus  viridi- 
bus  percursis  :  slaminibu^  perianthio  Jequilongis  ;  antheris 
linearibus  magnis  ;  pistillo  floresequilongo.  J.  G.  Baker. 


August  22,  18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


231 


wide-creeping  rhizome,  which  is  about  the  thickness 
of  a  man's  finger.  In  leaves  and  flower  it  most 
resembles  the  well-known  Indian  C.  tuberosum,  of 
which  the  synonymy  will  be  found  fully  worked  in  my 
monograph  of  the  Anthericeas  in  vol.  xv.  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Litmean  Sociity,  p.  332.  It  came  from 
Zanzibar,  from  Sir  John  Kirk,  in  18S4. 

Rhizome  wide-creeping,  the  thickness  of  a  man'i 
finger,  with  a  greenish  epidermis,  sending  out  distant 
erect  flowering  tufts.  Leaves  five  or  six  to  a  tuft,  sub- 
distichous,  linear,  falcate,  bright  green,  glabrous,  firm 
in  texture,  acutely  keeled,  \ — i  foot  long,  \  inch 
broad.  Peduncle  erect,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Ra- 
cemes two,  erect,  dense,  2 — 3  inches  long  ;  bracts 
minute,  deltoid  ;  pedicels  very  short,  solitary,  arti- 
culated. Flower  white,  \  inch  long  ;  segments  ob- 
long, obtuse,  with  three  green  ribs  on  the  back. 
Stamens  as  long  as  the  perianth ;  anthers  linear, 
J  inch  long.  Style  white,  \  inch  long,  rather  curved. 
7.  G.  Baker. 


CULTURE    OF    CACTUSES. 

Here  in  Utah,  Echinocereus  ph<eniceus»  Echino- 
cactus  Simpsoni,  Mamillaria  vivipara,  var.  Neo 
Mexicana,  and  Opuntia  missouriensis,  stand  out  in 
their  native  places  and  do  well  with  frost  22'  below 
zero  ;  but  they  grow  upon  well-drained  gravelly  hill- 
sides, and  are  usually  covered  with  snow  from  Christ- 
mas to  the  following  May.  So  much  for  the  iron- 
clad Cactus,  Then  there  are  Cereus  Engelmanni, 
Echinocactus  Whipple!,  E.  Si'eri,  E.  cylinHraceus, 
Opuntia  rutila,  Mamillaria  chlorjDtha,  that  grow 
with  the  Agave  utahensis  on  the  sandstone  ledges,  in 
many  instances  with  hardly  sand  enough  to  cover 
their  roots,  and  there  are  two  Cactuses  that  stand  out 
exposed  to  the  fierce  heat  of  the  summer  sun  where 
hardly  a  lizard  is  to  be  found,  with  the  thermometer 
down  to  zero  in  the  winter. 

In  the  Beaver  Dam  Mountains,  west  of  St.  George, 
growing  In  the  sand  on  the  limestone  ledges  with 
Yucca  brevifolia,  are  Echinocactus  Johnsoni  and  E. 
Le  Contii.  In  thi=  locality  there  is  but  little  snow, 
but  the  thermometer  often  falls  within  10°  of  zero. 

The  question  has  been  asked  of  me  very  often 
lately  as  to  when  it  rains  and  when  it  does  not. 
Snows  and  rain  commence  about  Di;ceml>er  15 
and  continue  until  about  May  t,  when  a  period  of 
drought  sets  in,  lasting  until  about  July  24.  This 
being  a  holiday,  it  always  rains,  and  it  continues  to 
rain  until  the  last  of  August.  At  the  higher  altitudes, 
where  the  first-named  Cactus  grow,  frost  usually 
follows  a  rain,  let  it  be  at  what  season  of  the  year  it 
may.  Last  night,  June  1 1,  ice  formed  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  thick,  following  a  very  unusual  rain  storm  that 
came  off  last  week. 

A  few  years  since  I  had  a  number  of  Agave  utah- 
ensis that  I  wanted  to  keep  until  I  could  get  orders 
for  them.  I  planted  them  with  a  Mamillaria  vivi- 
para in  a  box  of  clay  soil,  and  told  the  lady  in  charge 
of  the  place  to  water  them  occasionally.  I  was  away 
lor  some  two  or  three  months.  Wtien  I  returned  to 
get  my  Agave  plants  to  send  away,  I  found  them 
swimming  in  water,  and  was  informed  that  they  had 
been  sitting  on  a  back  porch,  where  they  got  the 
morning  sun  only  with  a  pail  of  water  from  the  well 
every  morning.  I  expected  that  they  were  ruined, 
but  to  my  surprise  they  were  well  supplied  with  new 
roots.  I  have,  when  collecting  Cactus,  set  out  on 
dry  ground  in  favourable  locations  what  I  had  left 
over  after  filling  orders  ;  but  I  have  never  had  the 
good  fortune  to  have  any  of  them  root  as  well  as  the 
M.  vivipira  set  with  the  Agave  noied. 

A  number  of  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Monthly 
have  asked  me  to  tell  them  about  the  soil  that  our 
Cactuses  grow  in.  Cereus  Engelmanni  arrives  to  its 
greatest  perfection  on  the  ragged  edges  of  limestone 
ledges  with  a  soil  of  clay  and  gravel.  Echinocactus 
Johnsoni,  E.  Le  Contii,  M.  chlorantha  and  O^jtintia 
rutila,  delight  in  a  south-westerly  exposure  on  the 
side  of  sandy  and  gravelly  ridges  with  bed  rock  of 
limestone.  Echinocactus  cylindraceu^,  E.  xeran- 
thoides,  E.  Whipple!,  Opuntia  chloroiica,  M.  phel- 
losperma,  are  found  on  the  west  side  of  cartons  facing 
the  morning  sun,  but  never  on  the  east  side  ;  sand,  on 
sandstone  ledges  generally.  Echinocactus  Sileri  on 
low  hills,  soil  rotten  gypsum.  Echinocactus  ph<i> 
niceus,  E,  Simpsoni,  Opuntia  missouriensis,  gravelly 
soil  facing  to  south-west,  or  on  top  of  high  gravelly 
hills  about  the  rim  of  the  great  basin.  Mamillaria 
vivipara   Neo  Mexicana  gain  their  greatest  perfection 


in  ,very  tight  clay  soils  amongst  Sage  brush.  A,  /,, 
Siter,  Ranch  P,  O.,  Kane  Co.,  Utah,  June  12. 

[This  account  of  the  kind  of  soil  and  the  habits  ot 
some  of  our  native  Cactuses  will  be  very  interesting  to 
the  lovers  of  these  curious  plants— a  continually 
increasing  circle.  What  Mr.  Sder  says  about  water 
for  Cactuses  we  can  confirm  by  experience.  Even 
pot  Cactuses  we  plant  in  the  open  ground  during 
summer,  and,  whenever  we  have  very  hot  weather  for 
a  few  successive  days,  pour  on  the  water,  and  it  is 
wonderful  how  they  seem  to  enj  ly  it. 

In  this  section  we  find  Mamillaria  Nuftalliana,  M. 
vivipara,  Echinocactus  Simpsoni,  and  Opuntia  mls- 
sourien=>is  entirely  hardy,  though  singularly  enough  if 
never  fljweA.  This  peculiarity  follows  others.  In 
Southern  Utah  the  writer  dug  up  (with  the  swingle- 
tree  of  a  wagon,  while  his  wife  held  the  horses'  heads) 
three  large  masses,  weighing  20  lb.  each,  of  Echino- 
cactus phceniceus,  then  covered  with  their  magnificent 
wine-glass  shaped  flowers.  On  returning  from  the 
Pacific  they  were  found  safely  at  home.  Though 
they  are  in  charming  health  they  have  not  had  a 
flower  the  past  two  summers — though  the  dry  mesa 
soil  on  which  they  were  growing  has  been  imitated  as 
nearly  as  possible.  Under  culture  we  cannot  always 
rely  for  success  on  imitating  natural  conditions.  We 
must  learn  from  experience.  Ed.  G.  M.].  The  Gar- 
deners^ Mofithly. 


TERRESTRIAL    ORCHIDS    OF 
SOUTH  AFRICA. 

(CoiUiimcdfrom  p.  136.) 

CORYCIUM. — Flower  hooded.  Sepals  membran- 
ous, narrow,  the  upper  one  either  free  or  united 
with  the  pctaU  into  a  hood  ;  lateral  sepals  con- 
nate, spreading.  Petals  concave  or  saccate, 
unlike  the  sepals,  fleshy.  Libellum  adnate  to 
the  face  of  the  column,  entire,  with  or  without 
a  large  simple  or  2-lobed  appendage.  A  small 
genus,  with  narrow  or  lanceolate  leaves  clothing 
the  whole  of  the  stem.  Flowers  small  and  numerous, 
in  a  very  dense  spike,  dull  coloured  ;  not  so  orna- 
mental as  some  of  the  other  genera. 

C.  hicolor,  L-il.  —  Leaves  lanceolate-attenuate, 
crisped  at  the  edges.  Flowers  small  in  a  long  rich 
dense  spike,  pale  yellowish  and  brownish.  Libellum 
broader  than  long,  notched  at  the  apex.  A  native  of 
the  southern  districts  of  Cape  Colony,  flowering  in 
October  and  November. 

C.  crispiwi,  Sv. — Leaves  lanceolate-attenuate, 
crisped  at  the  ed^es.  Flowers  not  so  crowded  as  in 
C.  bicolor,  and  larger,  yellow  and  brown.  Labellum 
spaihulate,  slightly  notched  at  apex.  Sandy  hdls 
near  Gtoene  Kloofe,  &c  ,  at  about  300  feet  elevation. 
It  flowers  in  October. 

C.  excisum,  Ldl. — A  small  species,  with  linear- 
lanceolate  leaves,  and  a  short  dense  spike  of  smill 
flowers,  with  an  oblong  lip,  deeply  notched  at  the 
apex.  Sindy  plains  at  low  elevations  near  Cape 
Town.     Floweiing  in  November. 

C.  o>-obanchoi./es,  Sw.  (Bot.  Kis;.,  1838,  t.  45).— 
Stouter  and  taller  than  the  last.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
slightly  undulate,  hut  not  crisped.  Spike  dense. 
Flowers  greenish-yellow,  purple  at  the  mouih  of  the 
hood.  Lip  transversely  oblong,  slightly  notched. 
Sandy  places  on  the  Cape  peninsul  1,  at  low  elevations  ; 
flowering  in  September  and  October. 

CvMBIDIUM. 

Sepals  and  petals  subequal,  free.  Labellum  ree, 
spurless,  entire  or  three-Iobed,  with  crests  or  tubercles 
on  the  disc  or  front  lobe.  Pollen  masses  two,  waxy, 
united  to  one  gland.  A  Urge  genus,  of  variable  habit 
and  considerable  geographical  range,  the  bulk  of  the 
species  being  natives  of  India  and  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, a  few  in  Australia,  New  Caledonia,  and  Africa. 
Of  the  five  South  African  species  all  but  one  are 
terrestrial,  of  which  I  only  note  the  two  commonest. 

C.  acukatum,  SwartE.— Leaves  linear-acute,  plaited, 
6 — 12  inches  long,  2  —  3  lines  broad.  Flower-stems 
appearing  with  the  leaves,  clothed  with  lanceolate 
acute  sheaths,  I — 3i  inches  long.  The  flowers  are 
pale  yellowish,  about  \  inch  in  diameter,  and  collected 
in  a  short,  compact  spike.  This  species  appean  to 
be  common  in  several  parts  of  the  Cape  Colony.  On 
Table  Mountain  it  grows  in  heathy  and  grassy  places 
at  from  about  2200  feet  to  3500  feet  elevation,  and  on 
Mount  Boschberg,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  colony, 
in  stony,  grassy  places,  up  to  4S00  feet  elevation.  It 
flowers  in  December  and  January. 


C,  Biichanaiii,  Rchb.  f. — This  resembles  the  pre- 
ceding in  habit,  but  is  stouter,  taller,  and  the  leaves 
broader,  the  flowers  are  more  numerous,  and  in  a 
longer  spike,  the  sepals  are  green,  and  the  petals  and 
lip  blackish-crimson.  It  is  a  native  ol  Natal,  Orange 
P"ree  Si.Ue,  Griqualand  Eist,  &:.,  and  is  probably  a 
more  sinking  plant  than  C.  aculeaium.  It  appears 
to  grow  at  high  elevatious,  up  to  5000  feet. 

DlSA. 

Donal  sepal  larger  than  the  others,  helmet  or  hood- 
shaped,  with  one  long  or  short  spur,  or  sometimes 
merely  saccate,  or  quite  spurless.  Labellum  free, 
varied  in  form,  spurless. 

A  large  genus,  chiefly  South  Afticin  ;  varied  la 
habit,  flowers  solitary,  few  or  numerous  in  a  spike. 
Some  of  the  finest  of  the  South  African  O'chids  belong 
to  this  genus,  of  which  those  enumerated  below  are 
among  the  handsomest,  thoi'gh  several  other  species 
would  be  worth  growing,  and  would  look  well  in  a 
mass. 

D.  aliicapilli.  Bolus. — Stems  6  —  10  inches  high, 
laxly  cloihed  with  linear-lanceolate  sheathing  leaves, 
somewhat  folded  lengthwise.  F.owers,  }  inch  in 
diameter,  in  a  small  dense  corymb  ;  dorsal  sepal  white, 
lateral  sepals  blackish  except  ih^  basal  part  of  the 
upper  edge  which  is  whitish  ;  petals  purplish?  South- 
western districts,  Worcester.  &c.  "  Moist  grassy 
places  near  streams,"  and  Mr.  Cooper  once  found  it 
at  Slang  Hock,  GoudineJ  "growing  in  a  stream  3  or 
4  inches  deep,  the  water  being  quite  hot  to  the  baud." 
It  flowers  about  December  and  January.  See  D. 
melaleuca. 

D.  barbata,  Sw. — Leaves  slender,  grass-like,  erect. 
Stem  with  four  to  six  distant  ad  pressed  membranous 
sheaths.  Flowers,  one  to  four,  about  an  inch  ia 
diameter,  nearly  white,  the  dorsal  sepal  with  a  few 
blue  Veins,  and  a  shirt  greenish  ontcil  spur.  Label- 
lum,beauiifullycut  into  a  deep  fringe  of  slender,  slightly 
cUvate  filametils.  It  grows  near  Cape  Town,  on  the 
sandy  downs,  a  little  above  sea-level,  and  flowers  in 
October. 

D.  Charpmlieriana,  Rchb.  f. — A  highly  curious 
species.  Leaves  grass  like,  narrow,  linear,  radical; 
stem  12  — 18  inches  hijh,  with  five  or  six  distant 
alpressed  membranous  sheaths,  and  a  lax  few-flowered 
spike  of  bluish- purple  flowers,  about  j  inch  in  diame- 
ter ;  the  spur  is  short  and  conical,  but  the  greenish 
labellum  is  2\  to  3  inches  long,  very  slender,  less 
than  one  line  broad,  and  ending  in  a  number  of 
thread-like,  slightly  clavate  divisions.  This  appears 
to  be  a  rare  plant,  but  grows  in  the  souih- western 
region  at  an  elevation  of  a'lout  1300  feet,  and  flowers 
in  Novttmber.  It  is  well  worthy  of  culiivation  on 
ace  lunt  of  its  very  peculiar  looking  flower,  which  is 
scarctfly  approiched  by  any  other  species  except  D. 
spathulata  and  D.  multifida. 

D.  cornuta,  Swarti,  Bol  M'lg  ,  t.  4091.  — .-V  fine 
robust  growing  species,  usually  a  tout  a  loot  hi^^h,  the 
stem  closely  beset  wiih  bro.id  lanceolate  acute  leaves, 
which  towards  their  bases  are  transverstly  maiked 
with  irregukir  red  bro«vn  birs  of  more  or  less  con- 
fluent spots.  The  flowers  are  about  \  inch  in  diameter, 
and  arranged  in  a  rich  dense  spike  ;  the  dorsal  sepal 
is  dark  dull  blue,  with  a  4-'nch  long  curved  green 
spur,  greenish  inside  ;  the  lateral  sepals  are  white, 
and  the  short  obovate  lip  velvety  purple-brown,  with 
a  white  base.  "A  very  hardy  plant,  with  a. 
remarkable  range,  both  vertical  and  horiz  >ntal, 
reactiing  from  sea-level  to  ihe  summit  of  Table  Moun- 
tain, 3500  leet,  and  from  Crpe  To-vn  to  Grahams- 
town.  It  prefers  a  sandy  soil,  and  fl  iwers  from 
October  to  J  inuary,  according  to  elevation." 

D  <-.<7.«;i-or««,  Lindl.  {D.me^ace'-as,  Hook.  (.,Bot. 
Mag,  I.  6529). —A  fine  handsome  species  I— 2  feet 
high,  with  lanceolate-acuminate  green  leaves,  and  a 
somewhat  lax  spike  of  whitish  flowers  spotted  inside 
with  purple,  the  individual  flowers  about  I^  inch  in 
diameter,  with  the  dorsal  sepal  lunnel-shaped  and 
going  off  into  a  spur  \\  inch  long.  It  is  a  native  of 
Natal  and  the  Eastern  districts  ranging  to  an  alti- 
tude on  Boschberg  Mountain  of  4500  feet. 

D.  draconis,  Sw.— This  species  has  a  few  long, 
bro.adly  linear,  weak  radical  leaves,  and  a  stem  I  foot 
high,  invested  in  membranous  sheaihs  with  a  corn- 
par  iiively  short  spike  of  rather  large  flowers  having 
a  slender  spur  about  1 1  inch  long  or  shorter.  This 
is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Southwestern  region,  and 
seems  to  like  a  sandy  soil  near  the  banks  ol 
streams,  &c. 

D.  fasciata,  Lindl.  (Harv.  This.,  cap.  i.,  t.  85).— A 
beautilul  little  species,  with  2—3  cordate  leaves  passing 


232 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18 


above  into  2 — 3  stem-sheaths  ;  the  leaves  are  bright 
green  above,  dull  red  beneath,  the  sheathing  part  and 
stem-sbeaths  being  pale  greenish  or  whitish,  prettily 
banded  with  dull  red.  The  stem  bears  r— 2  flowers, 
I  —  I J  inch  in  diameter,  the  sepals  and  labellum 
spread  out  flat  and  are  pure  white  with  one  or  two 
purple  dots  on  the  middle  of  the  lateral  sepals  and 
labellum  ;  the  small  hitchetshaped  petals  are  tinted 
with  yellow  and  doited  with  red  and  dark  brown. 
The  flowers  are  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  and 
chaste  in  appearance,  the  tubers  are  very  small,  not 
larger  than  a  Pea.  It  grows  in  light  soil  in  raoist 
places  and  between  rocky  ridges  on  Table  Mountain, 
at  an  elevation  of  2000  to  3000  feet.  This  appears 
to  be  very  uncertain  in  its  appearance,  as  Mr.  Bolus 
states  that  it  was  not  seen  by  him  "  during  ten  years 
until  October,  1884,  when  a  fine  season  with  un- 
usually continued  rains  in  October  seem  to  have 
brought  this  into  flower." 

D.  femtgima,  Sw.  (Hook.,  Lon.  PL,  iii.,  t.  214). 
^Leaves  radical,  grass-like ;  stem  a  foot  or  more  high, 
with  distant  acuminate  sTieaths,  and  a  shortly  ovoid 
or  conical  dense  spike  of  brilliant  orange  flowers, 
about  1  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  slender  spur  \  inch 
long.  Dry  places  on  mountains  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Cape  Town  and  elsewhere,  at  an  eleva- 
vation  of  from  2500—3500  feet.  "  It  does  not  flower 
till  long  after  the  rains  are  over,  viz.,  in  February.  The 
tubers  are  buried  rather  deeply,  or  lying  under 
stones." 

D.  Jiluornis,  Thunb. — One  of  the  smaller  species, 
5 — 7  inches  high,  with  numerous  linear  radical 
leaves  about  an  inch  long,  and  acuminate  erect  stem- 
sheaths.  The  flowers  are  about  ;,"  inch  in  diameter, 
deep  rose-coloured,  and  vary  from  two  to  ten  in  a  lax 
spike.  It  grows  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town 
in  mountainous  places,  up  to,  and  perhaps  beyond, 
an  elevation  of  iioo  feet,  "in  moist,  sandy  places, 
which  become  dry  after  the  rains."  It  flowers  about 
October  to  December. 

D.  graininifolia,  Ker. — This,  the  "blue  Disa,"  as  it 
is  sometimes  called,  is  an  exceedingly  pretty  species. 
It  has  numerous,  very  narrow,  long  grass-like  leaves, 
a  stem  iS  to  24  inches  high,  with  distant,  mem- 
branous, acuminate,  adpressed  sheaths,  and  a  lax 
spike  of  brilliant  blue  flowers  about  an  inch  in 
diameter  ;  the  spur  is  short,  and  the  lip  entire.  "On 
the sidesof  Table  Mountain,  &c..from  1800103000  feet 
elevation,  growing  in  rather  stiffer  soil  than  the  usual 
light  sandy.  It  flowers  in  February  and  March,  and 
is  very  abundant  in  some  years." 

D.  ^raiidiftoia^  L. — This  is  a  synonym  of  D. 
uniflora,  which  see. 

D.  longiconiu,  Linn.  f. — A  handsome  showy  plant, 
6  to  10  inches  high,  with  four  to  six  narrow,  lanceolate, 
somewhat  stalked  radical  leaves,  and  one  to  three 
stem-sheaths.  The  flower  is  solitary,  lavender 
coloured,  and  i^ — 2  inches  in  diameter,  the  dorsal 
sepal,  including  the  spur,  being  2 — 2]  inches  in 
length.  It  is  somewhat  surprising  that  this  fine  and 
handsome  species  has  never  been  introduced  into 
cultivation,  as,  next  to  D,  uniflora,  it  has  the  largest 
flowers  of  any  of  the  genus,  and  several  of  them  to- 
gether in  a  good  sized  pot  would  certainly  make  a 
very  handsome  appearance.  "  It  grows  in  crevices  of 
damp  rocky  ledges  on  Table  Mountain,  that  face  away 
from  the  sun  and  are  dripping  with  moisture  during 
the  winter  and  spring  months— that  is,  about  June  to 
October  ;  it  does  not  require  much  soil,  but  its  tubers 
require  to  be  covered  with  moss."  It  flowers  in  De- 
cember and  January. 

D.  Ingcns,  Bolus. — This  closely  resembles  D. 
graminifolia  and  D.  venusta  in  foliage  and  habit,  and 
the  three  would  scarcely  be  distinguishable  when  not 
in  flower  ;  the  flowers,  however,  are  distinct  from  either 
and  more  numerous.  The  dorsal  sepal  and  its  short 
conical  spur  is  of  a  metallic  greenish-blue,  the  lateral 
sepals  and  petals  dull  purple,  and  the  labellum  green: 
this  latter  organ  is  deeply  cut  into  a  fringe  of  nume- 
rous, somewhat  flabeliately  branched,  slender  seg- 
ments. This  grows  on  the  Cape  Flats  in  moist  sandy 
soil  among  Kestiacese,  cic,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
100  feet,  and  flowers  in  October  and  November.  The 
beautifully  fringed  green  lip  renders  this  rather  a  strik- 
ing plant  ;  the  flowers  are  about  J  inch  in  diameter. 

D.  metakuca,  Sw.  (Harv.,  7/j«.,  cap.  i.,  t.  84).— 
In  stature,  foliage,  and  in  general  appearance,  this 
pretty  Orchid  much  resembles  D.  atricapilla,  but  the 
colour  of  the  flowers  is  different,  all  the  sepals  being 
white,  whilst  the  petals  and  labellum  are  blackish, 
except  at  their  base  and  apex,  where  they  are  whitish 
or  pale  yellowish.     Like  D.  atricapilla  this  is  found 


"  in  moist  grassy  places  near  streams  "  in  the  south- 
western districts.  On  Muizenberg  Mountain  it  grows 
(with  D.  atricapilla)  at  an  elevation  of  1400  feet,  and 
flowers  in  January.  Mr.  Bolus  writes  that  in  some 
years  D.  melaleuca  is  abundant,  but  D.  atricapilla  is 
rarer. 

D.  patins,  Thunb. — A  dwarf  species,  3 — 6  inches 
high,  with  several  radical  linear  leaves,  about  \  —  I 
inch  long,  and  adpressed  stem-sheaths,  with  acumi- 
nate, sometimes  slightly  spreading  points.  The 
flowers  are  solitary,  or  from  two  to  eight  in  a  lax 
spike  ;  they  are  bright  yellow,  and  about  \  inch  in 
diameter.  This  grows  on  Table  Mountain,  Muizen- 
berg Mountain,  &c.,  at  an  elevation  of  about  1500 
feet,  in  moist  sandy  places  which  become  rather  dry 
after  the  rainy  season.  Sewering  in  January  and 
February. 

D.  polvgonoides,  Lindl.  (Bot.  Mag.,  t.  6532).— 
Leaves  lanceolate  acute,  passing  into  sheaths  on  the 
stem,  which  is  9— 24  inches  high,  the  dense  cylindrical 
flower-spike  occupying  from  a  quarter  to  a  half  of  it. 
Flowers  small,  but  crowded,  varying  in  colour  from 
bright  yellow  to  brick-red  and  scarlet.  This  species 
is  a  native  of  Natal,  Zululand,  &c.,  where  it  appears 
to  be  common,  growing  in  marshy  places  in  what 
appears  to  be  a  sandy  peat,  flowering  in  October. 
Grown  in  a  mass  this  would  make  a  good  show  ;  the 
Bot.  Mag.  plant  seems  to  have  been  a  poorly  deve- 
loped specimen. 

D.  fulihra,  Sond. — A  showy  and  distinct-looking 
species,  with  rather  rigid  linear-lanceolate  acuminate 
leaves,  rather  closely  pressed  to  the  stem,  and  a  fine 
lax  spike  of  large  pink  flowers,  an  inch  or  more  in 
diameter;  the  spur  is  slender,;and  ^  — f  inch  long. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  eastern  frontier  districts  and  the 
Orange  Free  State,  and  from  the  appearance  of  dried 
specimens  would  seem  to  be  a  very  handsome  plant. 

D.  raccmosa,  L.  f. — A  fine  tall  species,  15  inches 
to  2  feet  high,  with  several  lanceolate-acute  radical 
leaves,  about  3  inches  long  by  \  inch  broad,  passing 
into  sheaths  on  the  stems,  and  a  several-flowered  lax, 
usually  one-sided  spike  of  handsome  rose-purple 
flowers,  I^  — 12  inch  in  diameter.  Next  to  D. 
grandiflora  this  is  perhaps  one  of  the  showiest  of  the 
genus,  for  although  the  flowers  are  not  so  large  as 
either  D.  grandiflora,  or  D.  longicornis,  yet  they  are 
of  goodly  size,  and  being  several  together,  would 
appear  to  be  effective.  It  seems  to  hive  an  extended 
range,  as  it  grows  on  Table  Mountain  and  as  far 
eastward  as  Grahamstown.  1  have  no  notes  as  to 
habitat,  but  it  appears  to  grow  in  wet,  sandy  soil, 
and  has  thick  fleshy  roots  ;  its  tubers  I  have  not  seen. 
D.  Rkli^irdiana,  Lehm.  —  .\  pretty  delicate  little 
species,  3  to  4  inches  high,  with  narrowly  elliptic, 
green  unspotted  radical  leaves,  and  adpressed  stem 
sheaths.  Flowers  \  inch  in  diameter,  in  a  small 
dense  flat-topped  head,  white,  with  just  the  tips  of  the 
sepals  tinted  with  pink.  This  charming  little  Orchid 
grows  on  Table  Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
3400  feet,  inhabiting  "the  crevices  of  steep  wet  rocks 
dripping  with  moisture  during  the  winter  and  spring 
months  (that  is  about  June  to  October),  and  usually 
on  the  side  that  faces  away  from  the  sun.  \'efy  little 
soil  seems  to  content  it,  and  it  likes  its  tubers  covered 
with  moss."     It  flowers  in  September. 

D.  rosea,  Lindl. — A  somewhat  larger  plant  than 
D.  Richardiana,  but  of  similar  habit,  with  elliptic  and 
somewhat  stalked  radical  leaves,  acuminate  stem- 
sheaths,  and  a  sub-corymbose  head  of  pretty  pink 
flowers,  about  the  same  size  individually  as  those  of 
D.  Richardiana.  but  arranged  in  a  rather  more  lax  and 
larger  head.  It  grows  on  Table  Mountain  in  similar 
situations  and  will  require  the  same  treatment  as  D. 
Richardi:  oa. 

D.  spathulala,  Sw.  (Harv.,  This.,  cap.  i.,  t.  86). 
— An  interesting  little  species,  about  6  inches  high, 
with  linear  grass-like  radical  leaves,  two  or  three 
membranous  acuminate  stem-sheaths,  and  about  two 
flowers,  which  appear  to  be  purplish,  and  are  re- 
markable from  the  lip  having  a  slender  stalk  \  inch 
long,  and  an  extended  cordate,  or  somewhat  three- 
lobed  blade.     It  grows  at  Tulbagh. 

D.  ta' u!aris,  Sond. — A  small  species  about  6  inches 
high,  the  stem  clothed  with  erect  linear  green  leaves 
2 — 4  inches  long.  Flowers  rather  more  than 
i  inch  in  diameter,  crowded  in  a  cylindrical  spike 
3—4  inches  long,  the  dorsal  sepal  with  a  very  short 
spur,  reddish  brown,  with  pale  yellowish  edges, 
lateral  sepals  yellowish  with  brown  margins.  A 
pretty  little  Orchid  if  grown  in  a  mass.  It  grows  in 
moist  places  on  Table  Mountain,  2400 — 3400  feet 
above  the  sea,  flowering  in  November  and  December. 


D.  tenella,  Sw. — A  pretty  little  species,  3 — 4  inches 
high,  with  erect  linear  twisted  leaves  \\  to  2  inches 
long,  and  a  close  flower-spike  i  to  2  inches  long  of 
small  flowers,  sweetly  scented  and  coloured  different 
shades  of  purple  and  lilac.  Mountainous  places  in 
the  south-western  part  of  Cape  Colony,  flowering  in 
August. 

D.  uniflora.  Berg.  (/).  grandiflora,  L  ,  Bot.  Mag. , 
t.  4073). — This,  the  finest  of  all  known  Disas,  is  suffi- 
ciently well  known  to  Orchid  lovers  as  to  need  no 
description,  but  it  may  be  well  to  give  an  account  of 
its  natural  habitat  (for  which,  as  already  explained, 
I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Bolus),  as  it 
may  be  of  use  in  conveying  a  hint  to  those  who  culti- 
vate this  fine  Orchid.  In  Nature  it  grows  along 
"  the  banks  of  streams  which  are  wet  or  moist  from 
May  to  November,  and  which  become  drier  from 
November  to  May,  but  never  so  dry  as  most  other 
Cape  Orchids.  On  Table  Mountain  its  range  is 
from  about  1500  to  3300  (eet  above  the  sea  ;  but 
this  is  a  locality  where  the  temperature  varies  accord- 
ing to  elevation  very  much  less  than  on  inland 
mountains.     It  flowers  in  January  and  February." 

D.  vcnosa,  Sw. — This  is  very  similar  in  appearance 
to  D.  racemosa,  and  might  easily  be  passed  for  it, 
but  it  is  fewer  flowered,  the  flowers  are  more  distant, 
the  dorsal  sepal  narrower,  and  the  lateral  sepals  are 
distinctly  elbowed  towards  their  base,  which  is  not 
the  case  in  D.  secupda.  The  flowers  are  about 
\\  inch  in  diameter,  rose  coloured,  and  showy.  Not 
a  common  species  ;  it  grows  in  marshy  places  on 
Table  Mountain,  &c.,  at  an  elevation  of  from  1300  to 
2400  feet,  and  flowers  in  December. 

D.  venusta.  Bolus. — In  foliage,  habit,  and  general 
appearance,  this  much  resembles  D.  graminifolia,  and 
is  equally  pretty ;  the  sepals  are  of  a  cheerful  blue,  as 
in  that  species,  but  the  lip  is  creamy-white,  and  beau- 
tifully cut  into  a  fringe  of  clavate  filaments.  It  grows 
among  shrubs,  Heaths,  &c.,  on  the  sandy  plains 
called  the  Cape  Flats,  about  100  feet  above  sea  level, 
and  flowers  in  October  and  November. 

D.  Zeyheri,  Sond.— A  very  striking  species,  12  to 
18  inches  high,  with  grass-like,  linear  radical  leaves, 
numerous  green  or  purplish  stem-sheaths,  and  a  2  to 
3  inch  long  spike  of  about  twelve  to  twenty  scarlet 
flowers.  The  diameter  of  the  open  part  of  the  flower 
is  about  one-third  of  an  inch,  but  the  dorsal  sepal  is 
prolonged  into  a  stout,  cylindric,  erect  spur,  I  — 1|  inch 
long.  A  native  of  the  southeastern  region  of  Cape 
Colony,  growing  in  crevices  of  rocks  on  mountains  in 
the  division  of  Somerset  at  an  altitude  of  4500  feet. 
This  is  a  very  remarkable-looking  species,  the  long, 
stout,  brilliantly  coloured  spurs  standing  erect  around 
the  spike  give  it  a  very  peculiar  appearance,  and  if  it 
could  be  introduced  and  successfully  cultivated  would 
form  a  conspicuous  and  attractive  plant. 

DlSPERlS. 

Dorsal  sepal  united  with  the  petals  into  a  hood  ; 
lateral  sepals  spurred  or  saccate,  spreading,  free  or 
connate.  Labellum  clawed,  adnate  to  the  face  of  the 
column,  ascending  between  the  lobes  of  the  anther, 
with  or  without  an  appendix.  A  curious  genus,  of 
several  species,  variable  in  habit ;  natives  of  India, 
Madagascar,  Tropical  and  South  Africa.  They  are 
remarkable  for  the  way  in  which  the  narrow  labellum 
passes  between  the  anther  cells  up  into  the  hood. 
Some  of  them  appear  to  be  ornamental,  of  which 
those  here  enumerated  are  some  of  the  principal  in 
South  Africa. 

D.  cafcnsis,  Sw.— A  slender  plant  6  —  12  inches 
high,  with  a  more  or  less  hairy  stem  bearing  two 
distant  narrow  lanceolate  leaves  at  about  the  middle, 
and  a  solitary  flower  about  ij  inch  in  expanse  with 
long  pointed  sepals  and  concave  galea.  The  colour 
of  the  flower  seems  variable,  most  generally  purple, 
sometimes  "yellow,"  or  "white  with  pale  green 
helmet."  This  species  is  common  near  Cape 
Town  "  on  the  downs  in  pure  sand  and  on  the  moun- 
tain sides  "apparently  at  low  elevations  ;  it  flowers  in 
August.  Massed  in  a  pot  this  would  he  rather 
effective,  and  ought  not  lo  be  difficult  to  cultivate. 

D.  Faimini.r,  Harv.  (Harv.,  Thes.,  cap.  ii.,  t.  171). 

Stem  a  foot  high   with  three  lanceolate  acuminate 

leaves,  embracing  the  stem  by  their  cordate  bases. 
Flowers  I  —6,  delicate,  white,  jinch  in  expanse  ; 
bracts  leaf-like.  Galea  helmet-shaped,  obtuse.  A 
native  of  Natal,  Orange  Free  State,  and  Eastern 
districts.  This  appears  to  grow  in  very  sandy  soil, 
but  probably  requires  more  moisture  and  shade  than 
the  preceding  species.     It  flowers  in  February. 

D.  paludosa,  Harv.  (Harv.,  Thes.,ci^.  ii.,  t.  148). 

Stem  about  a  foot  high,  i — 5  flowered,   with  three 

narrow  lanceolate  acute  leaves,  and  smaller  leaf-like 
bracts.      Flowers  about   \  inch   in  expanse,   galea 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


233 


broad,  concave,  purple,  with  green  along  the 
margins,  near  which  are  rows  of  dark  purple  points, 
lateral  sepals  acuminate,  with  curved  spurs,  dull 
purple,  as  are  also  the  ovaries.  This  species  grows 
on  Table  Mountain,  &c.,  '*  in  shallow  running  water 
or  boggy  places,  but  not  in  stagnant  pools,"  and 
flowers  in  October.  Harvey  states  that  "it  throws 
out  subterraneous  fleshy  runners,  that  form  buds  at  a 
distance  from  the  parent  tuber,  thus  increasing  after 
the  manner  of  Couch-grass,  although  not  so  rapidly." 
There  are  several  others  of  this  curious  genus,  but  not 
such  as  would  probably  find  favour  with  the  general 
public,  being  generally  more  curious  than  beautiful. 
N,  E.  Blown,  Kc\c. 

{To  be  coHlinited.) 


CORNER    OF    CONSERVATORY 

AT   BLETCHLEY   PARK. 

This   conservatory   (of  which  an  interior  view  is 

represented  in  fig.  49)  is  erected  in  the  angle  between 


heat  is  invariably  lost  in  underground  trenches ;  while 
the  ugliness  of  the  large  black  pipes  is  hidden  by  a 
trellis-work  screen  framed  in  the  stage.  The  heavy 
lines  of  framing  necessitated  by  architectural  require- 
ments are  relieved  by  mouldings  and  "toothings," 
which  have  a  good  effect,  avoiding  the  objectionable 
use  of  strong  lines  of  colour. 

Altogether,  we  think  Mr.  Warhurst  (who  com- 
menced his  London  work  under  the  training  of  Sir 
Joseph  Paxton)  may  be  complimented  on  the  way  he 
has  carried  out  this  work,  and  also  the  range  of 
vineries,  plant  and  forcing  houses,  in  the  adjoining 
garden. 

V 

CHELSEA   BOTANIC    GARDEN. 

It  soon  becomes  evident  to  the  visitor  that  the 
leading  object  of  this  garden's  existence  is  the  culti- 
vation and  representation  of  the  leading  medicinal  and 
other  economic  plants.     Out-of-doors  a  miscellaneous 


which  yield  the  gamboge  of  commerce,  and  differ 
only  in  the  number  of  parts  in  the  flower.  Some 
specimens  of  the  camphor  tree  are  also  prominent. 
Its  proper  appellation  is  Cinnamomum  camphora, 
but  it  has  been  subject  to  change  from  the  time  of 
Linnaeus  downwards.  It  merely  differs  from  the 
type  by  its  perfectly  deciduous  perianth  and  scaly 
buds.  The  Calabash  tree  is  a  stumpy  unattractive 
plant  at  all  times,  especially  when  the  narrow  clus- 
tered leaves  have  fallen  ;  but  economically  it  must  be 
of  vast  importance  to  the  natives  of  Tropical  America, 
where  it  grows.  The  woody  shells  of  its  large  fruits 
are  made  into  various  domestic  utensils,  and  are  some- 
times beautifully  carved  and  painted. 

Plants  producing  tonic  bitters  and  other  similar 
medicinal  properties  are  represented  by  Quassia 
amara,  Picrsena  excelsa,  and  various  species  of  Cin- 
chona from  which  quinine  is  manufactured.  Aromatic, 
carminative,  and  other  flavouring  materials  are  ob- 
tained  from    plants   represented    by    Canella  alba, 


Fig.  49.  — interior  C'l'  conservatory  ai   bletchi.ey  I'Aht 


dining  and  drawing-rooms  of  a  many-gabled  house, 
recently  built  on  the  site  of  an  old  farm-house  at 
Bletchley  Park  for  H.  S.  Leon,  Esq. 

Externally  the  building  is  almost  as  varied  in  out- 
line as  the  mansion,  of  which  it  may  be  said  to  form  a 
portion  ;  and  as  good  views  of  the  park  are  to  be  had 
from  the  windows,  the  whole  of  the  sides  are  glazed 
with  polished  plate  instead  of  the  sheet  glass  ordi- 
narily used,  which  distorts  the  outlines  of  anything 
seen  through  it.  The  leaded  lights,  too,  are  made 
with  clear  glass,  not  the  usual  coloured  patterns, 
which  harmonise  with  nothing  natural  in  flower  or 
plant.  Being  situated  at  the  north-east  corner  of  the 
house,  the  troublesome  question  of  blinds,  or  shading, 
has  not  had  to  be  considered,  the  roof  being  of  ribbed 
glass  in  large  panes. 

As  the  conservatory  is  high,  and  it  was  desired  to 
have  many  of  the  smaller  plants  in  pots  (which  would 
be  lost  comparatively  if  planted  out  in  the  large  beds 
behind),  a  portion  of  the  space  is  fitted  with  a  flat 
stage  of  such  a  substantial-looking  character  as  to  be 
mistaken  for  stone.  Underneath  this  stage  the  hot- 
water  pipes  are  carried  above  the  floor-level,  as  much 


collection  of  all  sorts  meets  the  eye,  such  as  is  to  be  met 
with  in  botanic  gardens  generally,  and  in  this  instance 
is  needed  for  the  use  of  students  attending  the  lectures, 
and  others.  The  houses,  on  the  other  hand,  are  filled 
to  overcrowding  with  plants,  which,  although  not 
absolutely  confined  to  those  of  economic  importance, 
are  nearly  so.  One  objectionable  feature  is  notice- 
able, that  is,  the  deBciency  of  room  for  the  plants  to 
display  anything  like  their  natural  habits.  This  is 
not  a  solitary  instance  of  an  attempt  to  grow  trees, 
shrubs,  herbaceous  plants  and  climbers^  in  narrow,  low- 
toofed  houses,  but  is  probably  a  universal  complaint, 
wherever  their  cultivation  is  attempted.  It  is  to  be 
regretted,  however,  that  more  attention  is  not  devoted 
to  this  important  branch  of  a  botanical  collection. 

Conspicuous  amongst  others  in  a  span-roofed  house 
near  the  middle  of  the  garden  is  a  large  specimen  of 
Xanthochymus  pictorius  in  fruit.  This  it  does  fre- 
quently, and  at  present  the  fruits  are  numerous  and 
vary  in  size  from  that  of  a  small  marble  to  that  of  a 
pigeon's  egg.  They  are  yellow  when  perfectly  mature, 
and  edible,  with  a  delicious  taste.  The  three  known 
species  are  closely  allied  to  Garcinia,  the  species  of 


lUicium  anisatum,  and  Pimenta  officinalis  —  the 
latter  name  hampered  with  a  labyrinlhic  synonymy. 
There  is  a  specimen  of  Bertholetia  excelsa,  the  Brazil- 
nut  tree,  seldom  seen  in  cultivation.  Strychnos 
nux  vomica  is  an  instance  of  a  deadly  poison  being 
made  a  valuable  medicine  under  skilful  management  ; 
and  S.  potatorum  is  used  for  clearing  muddy  water. 
Both  are  vexatious  plants  to  the  cultivator,  because 
liable  to  throw  off  their  leaves  if  the  temperature  of 
the  house  suddenly  suffers  depression. 

Two  rather  tall  lean-to  houses  are  occupied  with 
large  specimens  in  pots  or  planted  out,  but  to  men- 
tion a  tithe  of  them  in  any  of  the  houses  would 
occupy  a  considerable  time.  The  leathery-leaved 
Clusia  flava  is  fruiting,  a  property  not  shared  in  by 
many  of  the  species,  at  least  in  a  small  state.  Large 
specimens  of  Ficus  bengalensis,  F.  Sycomorus,  and  F. 
religiosa  have  well  nigh  occupied  their  available 
space.  The  curious  and  remarkable  habit  of  Castiloa 
elastica  must  be  noticeable  to  every  intelligent  culti- 
vator or  keen  observer.  A  short  stout  leader  is  annually 
produced,  with  several  long,  stout,  lateral  branches 
that  assume  a  horizontal  position.     These  latter  in- 


234 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18S5 


variably  become  disarticulated  with  the  main  axis 
every  winter,  and  fall  away,  leaving  a  naked  and  un- 
branched  trunk.  They  are  morphologically  branches, 
but  functionally  partake  of  the  character  of  compound 
leaves.  In  striking  contrast  to  this  is  a  fine  large 
plant  of  Ruscus  androgynus,  whose  lengthy  stems  are 
well  furnished  with  flattened,  leaflitie,  evergreen 
branchlets.  This  highly  ornamental  plant  is  suit- 
able for  cultivation  in  large  cool  conservatories,  but 
unfortunately  is  seldom  seen  outside  botanic  gardens. 

Immediately  outside  one  of  these  houses  is  a  large 
specimen  of  the  singular  Conifer,  Gingko  biloba,  that 
has  battled  with  the  smoke  and  dirt  of  a  London 
atmosphere  for  many  years,  and  probably  owes  its 
existence  to  the  fact  of  its  being  deciduous,  and  thus 
getting  rid  of  the  sooty  deposit  that  settles  upon  the 
leaves  of  evergreen  Conifers,  and  renders  their  culii- 
vation  in  towns  all  but  impracticable. 

Many  other  rare  or  interesting  plants  are  trained 
against  the  walls  of  this  compact,  closely  cultivated 
garden,  amongst  which  may  be  noticed  Hablitzia 
tamnoides  and  Siyrax  cfticinalis  ;  the  former  an 
anomalous  member  of  the  .\maranlace,'e,  whose  her- 
baceous stems  often  climb  to  a  great  height  and 
flower  most  profusely  ;  the  latter  a  large  specimen  of  a 
plant  producing  the  Gum  Siorax  of  the  ancients.  This 
kind  of  Storax  is  now  completely  lost  to  commerce, 
and  its  place  supplied  by  Liquid  Storax,  obtained 
from  Liquidambar  orientale.  Why  this  should  be 
the  case,  however,  is  not  very  evident.  A  low 
spreading  tree  of  Ka'lreuteria  paniculata,  with  a  stout 
trunk,  must  not  be  overlooked,  as  it  is  over  a  hundred 
years  old,  and  probably  the  oldest,  if  not  the  largest 
tree  in  the  country. 

A  miscellaneous  collection  of  herbaceous  plants, 
arranged  in  their  natural  orders,  occupies  the  body  of 
the  garden,  while  a  rather  extensive  collection  of 
annuals  is  cultivated  by  themselves  in  the  lower 
part  towards  the  river.  Hyoscyamus  niger,  of  medi- 
cinal importance,  loves  the  neighbourhood  of  town?, 
and  is  evidently  at  home  here,  judging  from  its  fre- 
quency, and  the  fact  of  its  being  self-sown.  Some 
fine  seedling  Carnations  and  single  Dahlias  are 
noticeable.  The  latter  are  said  to  have  regained 
their  popularity  here. 

Last,  but  not  least,  I  cannot  forbear  mentioning  a 
cool  fernery  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  British  and 
half  hardy  exotic  Ferns,  a  class  of  plants  long  studied 
by  Mr.  T.  Moore,  the  Curator.  What  a  valuable 
plant  Athyrium  Filix-ltemina  plumosum  would  be  if 
its  feathery  fronds  were  tinner  and  more  lasting  in  a 
cut  state  1  A  large  bush  of  Berberis  Forlunei  keeps 
fresh  the  memory  of  Robert  Fortune,  who  gave  up 
the  curatorship  of  this  garden  in  order  to  travel  in 
China.  Many  other  useful  and  valuable  garden 
p'ants  frequently  crop  up  in  other  gardens  to  remind 
us  of  this  successful  traveller.   F. 


ALPINE  PLANTS  AND  ALPINE 
GARDENS. 

Three  years  ago  I  gave  a  description  of  the  alpine 
garden  of  M.  Picvost,  Chambtsy,  near  Geneva,  in  the 
columns  of  the  Gaviicncrs'  Chronicle.  I  thought  I 
should  not  have  to  recur  to  this  garden,  but  on  a 
vUit  which  I  made  lately,  I  noticed  such  an  extension 
and  improvement,  that  it  is  impossible  not  to  fpeak 
of  it  again. 

M.  Pievost  now  puts  on  one  side  all  alpine  plants, 
properly  so  called,  which  spread  over  the  rocks  to 
such  an  extent  that  he  is  obliged  to  cut  them  in,  in 
order  to  occupy  himself  more  with  the  sub-alpine 
species,  and  those  which  belong  to  the  snowy  regions. 

Let  us  run  through  the  garden.  Under  large  and 
old  Sambucus  nigra  M.  Prcvost  has  got  together  all 
sorts  of  material  suitable  for  draining  his  rockery, 
and  has  covered  these  with  a  loose  layer  of  soil 
composed  of  Pine-needles,  moss  and  vegetable  earth 
(humus).  He  has  bordered  it  with  large  trunks  of 
trees,  arranged  pictorially,  and  over  which  a  tuft  of 
Linncea  falls  in  a  most  natural  way.  It  is  there  I  saw 
the  largest  extent  of  Linnaja  borealis  that  I  have  ever 
noticed,  and  full  of  flowers  ;  from  a  distance  it  looked 
like  a  rose-coloured  carpet.  This  tuft  measures  at  least 
I^  or  2  metres  in  diameter  (4  to  6  feet).  It  is  absolutely 
covered  with  Linncea,  except  in  some  corners,  where 
Campanula  pusilla  and  Oxalis  acetosella  annoy  the 
cultivator  by  spreading  over  the  plant.  At  the  base 
of  this  carpet  of  Linnsa  are  tufts  of  Pyrola  rotundi- 
folia  in  full  flower.  I  have  not  seen  them  more 
prosperous  in  a  state  of  Nature.     M.  Picvost  gives 


them  almost  the  same  soil  as  the  Linni^a.  One  very 
curious  thing  to  notice  is  a  tuft  of  Primroses  on  which 
the  flowers  appear  in  a  very  remarkable  state  of 
transmutation.  M.  Pievost  planted  some  years 
ago  a  plant  of  Primula  Auricula,  and  another  of 
P.  viscosa  alba.  Soon  the  flowers  of  P.  Auricula 
began  to  vary  and  to  become  very  distinct  from  the 
type  of  the  species.  This  year  they  produced  bright 
rose  flowers,  and  the  leaves  of  P.  Auricula  were  bor- 
dered with  small  teeth,  which  gave  them  the  appear- 
ance of  P.  viscosa  major,  for  the  plant  has  become 
very  large.  Now  the  plant,  or  the  three  plants, 
which  have  thus  varied,  are  not  seedlings  produced 
on  the  rocks  in  a  wild  state,  they  are  the  old  planis 
planted  by  M.  Prevost,  and  are  not  the  result  of  any 
kind  of  hybridisation. 

So  as  not  to  repeat  what  I  have  already  said  about 
this  garden  in  No.  452  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicky 
I  shall  only  speak  of  those  species  not  mentioned  in 
that  article,  or  of  those  whose  present  condition 
cannot  be  compared  with  what  it  was  then. 

Campanula  cenisia  abounds  on  the  rockery  ;  they 
are  in  full  flower,  but  the  flowers  here  are  borne  on 
peduncles  of  varying  length,  which  is  not  the  case 
on  the  Alps,  or  in  those  which  we  cultivate  in  the 
alpine  garden  at  Geneva.  I  attribute  that  to  the  fact 
that  M.  Prevost  grows  them  in  a  soil  with  plenty  of 
humus  instead  of  in  pounded  slate  mixed  with  very 
little  humus,  as  I  do.  Viola  cenisia  is  also  very 
vigorous  with  M.  Pievost,  and  I  have  never  seen  ihem 
so  fine  even  in  the  Alps. 

As  to  Androsace  lactea,  carnea,  and  vjllosa,  they 
are  all  over  the  garden,  and  appear  to  be  at  home 
there.  Aretia  helvetica  is  seen  here  in  all  positions 
to  the  north,  south,  east,  and  west.  Moreover  it  suc- 
ceeds, although  always  placed  in  a  vertical  position 
and  planted  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks.  M.  Pievost 
has  also  constructed  a  small  rockery  specially  for  cul- 
tivating this  plant,  and  there  I  saw  a  number  of 
plants  which  had  come  up  naturally  from  seed.  M. 
PiL'vost  has  placed  above  these  tufts,  slates,  making 
a  roof,  shading  the  plant,  allowing  it  to  remain  dry, 
whilst  the  roots  are  kept  moi^t.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  Aretia  glacialis,  which  is  in  full  flower  just 
now,  and  is  very  vigorous.  ErJtrichium  nanum  is  as 
full  of  flower,  and  I  saw  some  seedlings  of  it. 

Everything  which  enters  into  the  category  of  sub- 
alpine  plants  is  grown  here  with  great  care  ;  Gen- 
tiana  bavaiica,  Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  S.  biliora, 
Achillea  alata,  Dlanthus  alpinus,  Lepidium  alpinum, 
Geum  leptans,  Potentilla  nitida,  various  Piimulas, 
Ranunculus  glacialis,  and  R.  painassifolius  seem  to 
grow  naturally  here. 

M.  Pievost  also  makes  a  specially  of  white  and 
pale-coloured  flowers ;  he  has  introduced  into  his 
garden  many  white  varieties  of  the  plants  of  our 
mountains  which  he  has  found  wild — Aconitum  napel- 
lu';,  with  flowers  of  a  very  pure  white  ;  Lilium  Mar- 
tagon,  the  same  ;  Globularia  vulgaris,  Erinus  alpinus, 
and  Piimula  viscosa  flower  with  him  of  a  pure  white. 
But  what  struck  me  most  in  M.  Pievost's  gaiden  was 
his  seedlings  of  alpine  plants.  Arnica  montana, 
Androsace  of  all  species,  "Erilrichium  nanum,  Piimula 
viscosa,  and  a  number  of  others,  are  raised  by  him 
with  ease.  He  sows  them  in  autumn,  most  of  them 
in  the  open  ground  in  a  bed  facing  the  south.  //. 
Corrcvon.  Geneva. 


VEGETABLE    MARROWS. 

The  present  season  has  proved  one  in  which  it 
was  needful  for  growers  of  these  fruitful  vegetables 
to  take  heed  to  Mr.  Barley's  warning  with  respect  to 
sowing  seeds  too  soon  in  the  open.  Certainly  the 
spring  was  not  wet,  but  it  was  cold,  and  although 
seeds  were  sown  as  usual  at  the  end  of  April,  germi- 
nation was  very  bad,  and  not  only  had  many  to  sow 
twice  to  secure  a  plant,  but  those  who  neglected  to  do 
so  or  had  no  more  seed  found  to  their  sorrow  later 
that  they  had  largely  missed  a  season. 

The  practice  of  sowing  seeds  of  Marrows  in  the 
open  is  not  universal,  as  I  know  m"re  than  one  large 
grower  who  raises  all  his  plants— some  hundreds— by 
sowing  a  few  seeds  in  48-sized  pots  and  keeping  them 
in  a  frame  until  the  weather  is  favourable  for  turning 
out  ;  these  usually  have  large  crops.  In  other  cases  — 
and  this  is  notably  the  case  with  a  famous  grower  at 
Ealing  —  perhaps,  also,  with  many  others  —  wide 
trenches  are  thrown  out  and  filled  with  manure, 
which  soon  heats,  and  being  covered  with  soil,  and 
seed  sown,  the  seed  soon  germinates.  The  beds  are, 
of  course,  covered  with  long  lengths  of  frames,  and 


ere  these  can  be  with  safety  removed  fruit  is  formed. 
I  saw  long  rows  of  plants  so  raised  early  in  July,  then 
some  15  feet  across,  and  producing  enormous  quanti- 
ties of  fruits,  and,  of  course,  thus  early  securing  much 
better  prices  than  a  month  later.  I  tried  the  open-air 
sowing  this  season  for  the  lirst  time,  but  fortunately 
had  soine  pot-raised  plants  as  well,  and  thus  filled. up 
where  the  greater  portion  of  the  other  seed  failed. 

No  doubt,  some  small  wooden  frames  a  foot  square, 
6  inches  in  depth,  and  having  a  pane  of  glass  fixed  in 
the  top,  would  give  outdoor  seed  great  help  and  pro- 
tection, and  would  not  prove  costly,  as  they  might  be 
used  for  many  years  ;  still,  during  the  present  season 
the  low  average  temperature  which  prevailed  early 
proved  very  detrimental  to  germination  even  where 
some  light  protection  was  given.  Probably  many 
plants  suffered  from  the  drought  all  the  more  that 
spring  growth  was  so  slow.  A.  D. 


THE    CROSS-BREEDING    OF 
CEREALS. 

As  the  improvement  of  cereals  is  a  matter  of 
national  importance,  we  are  pleased  to  announce  that 
experiments  in  cross-breeding  different  varieties  of 
Wheat  have  been  resumed  in  this  country,  for  the 
first  tim;  sin:e  the  operations  of  Mr.  Patrick  Shir- 
reff  in  the  same  department  some  thirty  years  ago. 
Hitherto  the  cross-breeding  of  cerereals  has  been 
curiously  neglected.  It  is  possible  that  Thomas 
Andrew  Knight,  to  whom  horticulturists  owe  so  much, 
may  be  in  some  measure  responsible  for  this,  since  he 
maintained  that  any  number  of  new-raised  varieties  of 
Wheat  might  be  raised  by  merely  sowing  several  sorts 
in  close  proximity,  whereas,  in  point  of  fact,  this 
does  not  happen,  and  the  florets  are,  in  all  ordinary 
cases,  self-fertilised.  After  close  observation  on  this 
subject  and  many  experiments  at  a  period  when  time 
was  cheap  and  the  days  longer  to  us  than  they  are  now, 
we  made  this  entry  in  our  notebook  :  — "  The  stamens 
are  fully  developed,  and  the  pollen  begins  to  shed  be- 
fore the  florets  expand,  and  their  task  is  accomplished 
before  they  (the  stamens)  make  their  appearance 
outside  the  ear."  We  received  therefore  with  per- 
fect faith  the  statements  of  Mr.  A.  S.  Wilson  in  his 
paper  read  before  the  Botanical  SLciety  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  published  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
•^73i  PP-  362,  400,  and  March  14,  1S74,  p.  340, 
that  self-fertilisation  is  the  rule  among  cereals. 
Mr.  Wilson  observed  that  the  flowers  of  Wheal, 
Barley,  and  Oats,  open  to  a  slight  degree  to  allow 
the  anthers  to  protrude.  It  is  then  they  are  seen 
outside  the  ear,  and  any  person  walking  through 
the  corn  at  that  particular  period  will  have  his  gar- 
ments smudged  with  pollen.  Mr.  A.  S.  Wilson  has 
found  from  actual  counting  of  pollen  grains,  each 
being  a  separate  cell,  that  an  anther  of  Wheat  con- 
tains 6S64  grains,  that  390,000  of  them  weigh  but 
one  grain,  and  that  an  acre  of  good  Wheat  produces 
about  50  lb.  of  pollen,  while  an  acre  of  Rye  produces 
about  two  cwt  !  "And  yet,"  says  Mr.  Wilson, 
speaking  of  the  flowers  of  Wheat,  Barley,  and  Oats, 
"  they  are  fertilised  before  the  anthers  are  visible  out- 
side." The  clouds  of  pollen  in  excess  of  customary 
requirements  are  but  the  exuberant  provision  by 
which  Nature  has  rendered  the  assurance  of  reproduc- 
tion doubly  secure.  In  proportion  to  the  infrequency 
of  cross-fertilisation  among  cereals,  is  the  chance  that 
artificial  crossing  of  well  selected  varieties  of  Wheat 
— a  process,  not  very  correctly  called  hybridisation — 
may  secure  variation  with  vigour  and  all  the  accus- 
tomed advantages  which  result  from  such  operations. 
For  the  sake  of  improving  the  cereals,  why  should  not 
agriculture  borrow  the  art  and  the  skill  which  in 
horticulture  have  afl'orded  such  marvellous  results  in 
improving  ornamental  plants  and  vegetables?  With 
regard  to  the  effects  of  crossing,  farmers  are  aware 
of  the  results  of  matching  different  breeds  of  the 
domestic  animals.  The  offspring  of  sheep  of  the 
same  breed,  but  of  different  families,  will  resemble 
their  parents  far  more  closely  than  in  cases  of  inter- 
breeding between  varieties  which  are  more  distinct 
and  distant.  As  with  sheep  so  with  Wheat.  Mr. 
C.  G.  Priogle,  of  Charlotte,  Vermont,  United  States 
of  America,  crossed  two  widely  separated  varieties 
called  the  Black  Sea  Wheat,  a  full  beaided  variety, 
and  the  Golden  Drop.  He  selected  the  former  as 
one  of  the  very  hardiest  varieties  ever  cultivated  in 
America,  one  which  most  successfully  resists  attacks 
of  insects  and  fungus,  and  best  endures  bad  farming 
and  indifferent  seasons ;  but  its  quality  is  below  the 


August  22,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


235 


average,  and  he,  therefore,  fertilised  it  with  the 
superior  Golden  Drop,  hoping  to  imparl  to  the  ell- 
spring  the  hardiness  of  the  one  sort  and  the  line  qualiiy 
of  the  other.  The  results  of  this  far-ofV  cross  gave 
him  such  a  medley  of  varieties  that  he  spent  four 
years  in  rigid  selection  of  the  most  promising  among 
them  before  they  consented  to  reproduce  themselves 
true  from  seed.  But  even  if  far  more  time  had  hci  n 
required  in  producing  an  improved  breed,  it  would 
hardly  have  discouraged  the  experimenter,  considering 
the  immense  value  of  the  Wheat  crop  of  the  world, 
and  especially  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Pringlc's 
relative,  Mr.  F.  Horsford,  of  Charlotte,  is  now  fol- 
lowing in  his  step;,  and  has  already  placed  upon  the 
markets  improved  varieties  both  of  Wheat  and  Birley. 
It  seems  to  us,  however,  that  very  few  farmers  will 
be  likely  to  expend  the  time  and  care  that  are  neces- 
sary for  the  improvement  of  the  cereals  by  cross- 
breeding. Mr.  Shirrefi's  mantle  is  perhaps  more 
likely  to  fall  on  some  enterprising  firm  of  seedsmen 
having  professed  hybridisers  in  their  service  who  are 
familiar  with  the  most  delicate  manipulations  con- 
nected with  their  art.  Agriculture  is  already  deeply 
indebted  to  the  seedsmen  for  improvement  by  cross- 
breeding and  selection  of  Turnips  and  other  "  root  " 
crops.  A  wide  and  hitherto  almost  unexplored  field  is 
still  open  to  them  in  the  crossing  of  cereals  and  of 
various  forage  and  leguminous  crops.  We  have,  there- 
fore, watched  with  great  interest  the  experiments  in  cross- 
ing different  varieties  of  Wheat,  which  during  several 
years  have  been  in  progress  at  Messrs.  Carter's  trial 
grounds  at  Forest  Hill.  The  results  this  year  look 
promising.  Vigour  has  certainly  been  attained,  and 
other  merits,  such  as  superior  quality,  will,  we  trust, 
be  made  manifest  after  the  harvest. 


FRUIT    CULTURE. 

Peach  and  Nectarine  Tkees  in  Pots  and 
Planted  out. — I  have  for  several  seasons  sent  sei- 
sonable  notes  on  orchard-house  culture,  and  this 
mostly  at  a  lime  when  we  had  a  very  large  orchard- 
house,  containing  a  mixed  collection  of  fruit  trees  en- 
tirely in  pots.  Now  we  are  growing  them  both  in 
pots  and  planted-out.  Pot  trees  require  considerable 
attention  during  the  growing  season,  but  their  culture 
is  most  fascinating,  and  when  one  is  sufficiently 
interested  in  the  work  labour  is  a  pleasure.  The 
quality  of  the  fruit  obtained  from  well  grown  pot 
trees  is  in  every  respect  equal  to  that  grown  any  other 
way.  We  have  now  cleared  off  all  the  fruit  from 
both  the  planted  out  and  pot  trees  in  the  earliest 
house.  This  allows  the  trees  to  be  thoroughly 
cleansed  from  red-spider  by  the  garden  engine  or 
syringe.  They  should  be  thoroughly  washed  as  soon 
as  the  fruit  is  removed,  and  as  I  have  repeatedly 
stated  that  all  trees  requiring  to  be  repotted  should  be 
attended  to  soon  after  the  fruit  has  been  gathered.  By 
that  time  the  growth  has  been  made,  and  the  blossom- 
buds  are  in  course  of  formation.  The  roots  are  in  a 
highly  active  state  at  this  time,  and  they  soon  l.iy 
hold  of  the  fresh  compost,  running  freely  Ihron'ih 
every  part  of  it  before  the  end  of  the  season.  The 
fruit  in  the  late  house  is  now  ripening,  and  producing 
a  good  succession  ;  as  it  is  coming  in  quite  fast  enoupji, 
we  keep  the  ventilators  open  night  and  day  to  their  full 
extent  Under  those  conditions  the  fruit  is  of  excellent 
quality.  We  look  over  the  whole  crop  daily,  and 
gather  such  of  it  as  can  be  easily  removed,  into  flat 
baskets.  A  layer  of  cotton  wadding  is  placed  in  the 
bottom  of  the  basket,  and  over  it  a  sheet  of  clean  soft 
paper.  The  fruit  is  laid  on  it  carefully,  and  need  nut 
be  removed  again  until  it  is  ready  for  use.  The 
planted-out  trees  trained  to  a  trellis  when  in  a  young 
state,  have  a  tendency  to  make  too  vigorous  growth. 
This  is  checked  by  stopping  the  gross  growths  in  an 
early  stage,  and  causing  them  to  break  again  into 
several  weaker  shoots.  The  shoots  must  be  well 
thinned  out  during  the  time  of  growth,  and  each 
ought  to  be  well  exposed  to  the  sun.  Some  peo[  le 
tie  the  young  shoots  far  too  close  together  in  summer, 
and  at  pruning  time  cut  more  than  half  of  them  out. 
This  is  a  bad  system,  and  cannot  be  recommendtd 
under  any  circumstances.  It  is  always  necessary  to 
look  over  the  trees  in  winter,  pruning  knife  in  hand  ; 
but  all  or  nearly  all  the  thinning  out  of  the  growths 
must  be  done  during  summer. 

The  hardier  fruit  trees,  such  as  Plums  and  Pears, 
succeed  well  if  grown  in  the  house  until  the  blossoms 
are  set,  and  the  fruit  firmly  established  on  the  trees. 
They   may   then   be   taken   out-of-doors  and  placed 


in  a  warm  position,  the  pots  plunged  to  half  their- 
depth  in  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  Theyrequire  plentiful 
supplies  of  water  at  the  roots,  and  the  leaves  should  le 
kept  quite  free  from  insect  pests.  Excellent  Pears  of 
sorts  that  do  not  ripen  well  altogether  out-of-doois, 
will  produce  good  fruit  when  treated  in  this  way. 
The  Plums  ate  generally  large  in  size,  well-coloured, 
and  excellent  in  quality. 

Cherry  and  Apricot  trees  have  to  be  grown  in  a 
house  by  themselves,  or  they  must  be  giown  in  a 
light  part  of  the  house  set  apart  for  Peaches  and 
Nectarines.  They  require  a  dry  atmosphere  when 
in  blossom,  and  a  much  drier  atmosphere  and  a 
free  circulatioi^  of  air  afterwards  ;  neither  do  they 
like  so  much  water  upon  them  from  the  syringe; 
indeed,  it  is  better  not  to  syringe  Apricots  at  all. 
7.  Coughs.    - 


I"*  i 


pm- 


I  PROMISED  in  my  last  to  give  instructions  this  time 
how  to  take  the  honey  and  double-up  stocks  for  winter. 
And  here  the  benefit  of  the  modern  system  is  at  once 
apparent,  for  we  do  not  kill  the  bees.  One  old  lady 
said  to  me  once,  that  if  the  bees  were  not  killed  that 
same  day  there  would  be  too  many.  Do  not  trouble 
yourself  about  that. 

The  honey  season  is  now  over  in  all  parts  of 
our  country,  except  where  there  is  Heather,  so  that 
we  may  at  once  proceed  to  take  our  honey. 

If  you  are  afraid  of  stings,  put  on  your  gloves  and 
veil,  light  your  bellows  and  walk  to  your  hives.  Do 
not  be  at  all  excited,  but  what  you  do,  do  in  a  quiet 
determined  manner,  with  no  jarring,  but  as  quickly  as 
possible.  If  you  are  going  to  remove  sections,  just 
lit  off  the  covering  gently,  and  puff  a  little  smoke 
over  the  bees  ;  they  will  at  once  rush  downwards,  in- 
stead of  flying  out.  If  your  sections  are  in  crates, 
twiit  the  crate  about  gently,  so  as  to  loosen  the  propolis, 
and  when  you  find  you  have  disconnected  the  crate  from 
the  frames,  remove  it  bodily,  and  cover  up  the  frames. 
Some  people  take  the  sections  to  a  distance,  but  I  do 
not  do  that.  Lift  out  the  sections  one  at  a  lime, 
s»eep  off  the  bees  with  a  feather  into  the  hive,  or  in 
front  of  Ihe  hive,  and  as  the  sections  aie  cleared  of 
bees,  pop  them  quickly  into  a  box  with  a  lid,  and 
when  you  have  finished  take  them  right  away  indoors. 
The  bees  will  all  quietly  go  home. 

If  you  want  extracted  honey  go  to  the  hives  in  the 
same  way  j  lift  the  quilt  gently,  puff  smoke  over  them 
to  drive  the  bees  downward-,  and  lift  out  a  frame  that 
has  plenty  of  sealed  honey  in  it,  and  shake  the  bees 
down  into  the  hive,  sweeping  off  any  that  may  remain 
on  the  comb  with  a  feather.  Shut  it  up  immediately 
in  a  box.  A  special  comb-box  is  very  useful.  If  you 
are  not  going  to  double  your  hives,  you  can  take  out 
all  the  frames  except  six  or  seven -the  latter  number 
is  the  safest.  You  can  then  cover  them  up.  Thty 
will  be  perfectly  safe  with  that  quantity  of  honey  all 
the  winter.  Some  people  say  that  it  is  as  cruel  to 
take  the  honey  as  to  kill  the  bees  ;  but  this  is  not 
so.  If  the  bees  have  as  much  honey  as  they  want, 
what  more  is  required  ?  Knough  is  said  to  be  as  good 
as  a  feast.  Besides,  if  there  is  honey  to  be  obtained, 
bees  will  fill  their  hives,  whatever  their  size.  I  must 
leave  Ihe  doubling  till  next  time,  when  I  will  aUo 
give  some  hints  about  extracting  the  honey  from 
the  frames.   /l,^iu-s. 


THE  EXTINCTION   OF  SPECIES. 


At  the  last  meeting  of  the  American  Association  Mr. 
Meehan  read  a  paper  on  '*  The  Extinction  of  Species," 
of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract.  In  it  he  endea- 
voured to  point  out  that,  under  what  had  come  to  be 
called  the  law  of  environment  alone,  which  had  been 
called  into  account  for  the  rise  and  fall  of  species, 
things  could  hardly  occur  with  the  method  and  regu- 
larity which  we  saw  prevailing  everywhere  around 
us.  It  was  enough  to  show  that,  under  the  law  of 
absolute  selfishness  which  was  involved  in  the  theory 
of  a  struggle  for  life,  and  the  doctrine  of  mere  acci- 
dent, which  was  all  there  was  in  environment,  there 
could  not  be  order  or  system  except  under  intelligent 
direction  and  foresight.  Instead  of  selfishness  un- 
selfishness was  manifest  in  the  actions  of  living  things  ; 
and,  so  far  as  vegetable  life  could  be  compared  with 
animal  life  in  its  behaviour,  unselfishness  prevailed. 


If  we  now  glanced  at  the  ratio  of  deaths  at  various 
ages  we  should  see  that  no  advance  had  been  made 
through  all  the  long  ages  in  a  victory  for  humanity 
over  death.  A  few  years  had  been  added  to  the 
average  duration  of  life,  but  the  proportion  of  deaths 
at  various  ages  remained  the  same,  in  spite  of  the 
great  advances  in  knowledge  of  the  medical  sciences. 
In  like  manner  in  births  the  average  proportion  of 
the  sexes  continued  about  the  same  in  all  ages  and 
climes.  It  must  be  evident  that  a  mere  chance  con- 
dition of  environment  or  an  undirected  struggle 
could  not  result  in  such  systematic  order. 

Looking  at  plant  life,  he  thought  he  could  discern 
absolute  provision  for  death  ;  and,  if  so,  this  would 
involve  a  weakness  in  the  prevalent  idea  that  a  mere 
struggle  for  life,  or  conditions  of  environment,  were  the 
sole  factors  in  the  origin  of  species.  Colour  was  an 
element  of  extinction,  to  a  great  extent.  Fruit  did 
not  colour  till  near  maturity.  Leaves  coloured  when 
about  to  die.  The  petals  of  flowers  were  but  modified 
leaves,  and  had  far  less  hold  on  life  than  the  leaves 
out  of  which  they  are  transformed.  While  a  leaf 
might  have  vital  power  enough  to  live  three  months, 
three  weeks  would  witness  the  birth  and  death  of  the 
transformed  leaves  or  petals.  The  races  of  coloured 
flowers,  also,  had,  evidently,  a  shorter  life  than  those 
with  inconspicuous  ones.  Just  iVi  proportion  as  they 
are  invested  with  bright  colours  do  they  seem  to 
become  imbecile,  and  unable  to  take  care  of 
themselves.  Many  fail  to  produce  seed,  except 
through  the  friendly  aid  of  insects  ;  and,  when 
they  find  themselves  in  localities  where  their 
special  insects  cannot  attend  them,  they  barely 
hold  their  own  by  oftsets,  or  finally  die  away. 
If,  as  seems  probable,  coloured  flowers  have  been 
evolved  from  inconspicuous  forms,  we  see  that  it  has 
been  with  limited  facilities  for  running  alone  in  the 
world,  and  by  so  much  an  advance  on  the  road  to 
extinction.  One  of  the  most  interesting  chapters  in 
Darwin's  treatise  on  this  subject  is  where  he  shows 
that,  in  the  highly-coloured  order  of  Orchidaceffi, 
the  amount  of  extinction  must  have  been  enor- 
mous ;  and,  in  comparatively  recent  times,  dichogamy 
was  also  relerred  to  as  evidently  an  agent  in  the  law 
of  extinction.  This  disarrangement  of  simultaneous 
maturity  in  the  sexual  organs  of  flowers  had  been 
traced  in  a  great  degree  to  questions  of  temperature. 
The  male  organs  were  excited  to  growth  under  a  lower 
temperature  than  required  by  the  female.  In  climates 
or  seasons  when  the  warm  spring  came  suddenly,  the 
pistils  would  mature  simultaneously,  or  before  the 
stamens.  In  climates  or  seasons  where  milder  win- 
ters occurred  before  the  spring-time  set  in  for  good, 
the  males  would  mature  before  the  female.  In 
Pennsylvania  the  catkins  of  the  Hazel  bush,  or  of 
some  Conifer.-c,  were  often  thus  brought  to  matu- 
rity long  before  the  females  appeared,  and  there 
were  no  seeds  in  such  seasons.  The  facts 
were  indeed  well  known.  The  operation  of  such  a 
law  on  the  confinement  of  a  species  to  a  certain 
locality,  or  of  total  extinction,  in  case  of  a  change  of 
its  own  climate,  was  apparent.  It  was  certainly  a 
law  of  extinction  which  no  struggle  for  life  could 
prevail  against,  whether  we  admit  that  the  conditions 
were  under  intelligent  guidance,  or  mere  accident. 
The  plants  had  taken  on,  under  some  evolutionary 
views,  conditions  which  only  insured  the  more 
speedy  destruction  of  the  species.  There  was  no 
chance  for  any  one  developing  some  "profitable" 
element  that  would  fit  the  race  to  be  better  adapted 
to  the  changed  conditions.  Insects,  or  the  wind 
alone,  could  aid  such  dichogamic  changes  in  some  few 
instances  ;  but  how  when  the  difference  in  time  was 
so  great  that  the  fertilising  element  was  wholly  lost  ? 
Mr.  Darwin  has  frankly  stated  that  "  If  we  ask  our- 
selves why  this  or  that  species  is  rare,  we  aiiswcr 
that  something  is  unfavourable  to  its  conditions 
of  life  ;  but  what  that  something  is  we  can  hardly 
ever  tell."  We  cannot  tell  if  we  are  to  look  at 
the  selfishness  which  is  at  the  foundation  of  the 
origin  of  species  by  "profitable  efforts,"  or  the 
accidents  of  environment  ;  but,  when  we  see  that 
colour  and  dichogamy  are  directly  in  the  line  of  un- 
favourable conditions  to  easy  and  fruitful  reproduc- 
tions, and  that,  in  whatever  way  we  look  at  it,  death 
is  as  orderly  and  systematic  as  life  itself,  why  should 
we  not  be  permitted  to  look  about  for  some  influencing 
cause  where  Mr.  Darwin  professes  to  be  unable  to 
find  an  adequate  one  ?  He  thought  an  unprejudiced 
view  of  the  whole  question  would  lead  to  the  great 
probability,  at  least,  that  there  was  some  power 
leading  all  things  forward  into  one  harmonious  effort, 


236 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885. 


and  to  which  the  life  or  death  of  the  individual  was 
wholly  subservient  ;  and  we  might  even  go  so  far  as 
to  say  that  natural  science  had  advanced  so  far  as  to 
take  in  to  itself  many  of  the  subjects  which  were 
supposed  to  be  the  special  prerogatives  of  natural 
theology.  Neio  York  Iii.liUn  Intl. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Flued  Pkach  Walls. — There  are  some  old  con- 
trivances connected  with  gardening  that  have  been 
all  but  given  up  which  might,  with  advantage,  have  been 
still  retained.  Amongst  them  are  flued  Peach-walls. 
In  many  old  gardens  where  such  walls  exist  the  flues 
have  been  alio  wed  to  get  out  of  order,  and  in  others,  where 
they  are  still  in  a  workable  condition,  they  are  never 
used.  In  parts  of  England  where  the  climate  is  such 
as  to  enable  the  wood  in  most  seasons  to  get  suffi- 
ciently ripened  to  insure  its  blooming,  dependence  is 
now  altogether  placed  on  some  or  other  of  the  various 
protecting  materials  used  to  preserve  the  bloom  in 
spring,  but  which  much  too  often  are  found  insuffi- 
cient to  secure  a  crop.  Repeated  failures  have  not  un- 
frequently  ended  in  an  outcry  to  the  effect  that  Peaches 
on  open  walls  could  so  little  be  depended  on  that  to 
secure  crops  it  was  necessary  to  cover  the  trees  with 
glass,  or  in  other  words  to  build  houses  for  them,  which 
houses,  unless  provided  with  heating  apparatus,  are 
so  far  from  sure  of  attaining  the  desired  object  that 
blanks  occur  through  the  natural  consequence  of  the 
bloom  being  brought  on  to  open  sooner  than  it  would 
in  the  open  air  and  getting  destroyed  by  frost.  In 
the  northern  parts  of  England,  where  it  is  only  now 
and  then  that  a  season  occurs  which  brings  the  wood 
up  to  the  requisite  fruitful  condition,  the  plea  for 
houses  has  more  force.  Vet  even  in  such  localities  it 
is  a  question  if  flued  walls,  with  some  protecting 
material  in  spring,  are  not  quite  as  reliable 
as  unheated  houses.  With  this  in  favour  of  the 
flued  walls,  that  where  a  couple  of  heated  Peach 
houses  exist  in  addition,  to  come  in  in  succession,  the 
season  for  this  fruit  can  be  extended  longer  than  with 
the  aid  of  a  cold  house  to  follow  those  that  are  heated. 
At  Temple  Newsome,  near  Leeds,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Meynell-Ingram's  tine  old  place,  there  is  an  instance 
of  what  can  be  done  by  the  help  of  flued  walls  in  a 
cold,  bleak  locality,  where  little  might  be  looked  for 
in  the  way  of  the  fruit  under  notice  without  means  of 
securing  the  wood  in  right  condition  when  the  leaves 
fall  in  autumn.  Again  this  season  Mr.  Dawes  has  as 
fine  a  crop  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines  as  could  be 
desired,  and,  in  addition,  a  greatly  improved 
condition  of  the  trees.  In  this  locality  it  is  often 
found  necessary  to  resort  to  artificial  warmth 
by  the  end  of  August,  keeping  on  with  it  more  or 
less  according  to  the  weather,  until  the  leaves  are 
about  ready  to  fall.  One  great  advantage  with  flued 
walls  is  that  with  little  in  the  way  of  protecting 
material  an  attentive  eye  kept  on  the  appearance  of 
the  weather  so  as  to  put  on  the  fire  early  enough  in 
the  afternoons  when  there  is  likelihood  of  sharp  frost 
when  the  trees  are  in  bloom  there  is  little  danger  of 
losing  a  crop.  The  comparatively  little  additional 
cost  of  putting  in  flues  when  a  wall  is  being  built, 
with  the  light  additional  expense  in  fuel  and  atten- 
tion as  compared  with  the  continual  cost  in  paint  and 
the  perishable  nature  of  the  woodwork  in  glass  struc- 
tures renders  the  abandonment  of  the  old-fashioned 
flued  walls  anything  but  an  unmixed  gain  in  Peach 
cultivation  ;  as  with  their  assistance,  where  the  trees 
receive  the  requisite  attention  by  keeping  the  shoots 
thin  enough,  the  foliage  free  from  insects,  and  the 
roots  sufficiently  supplied  with  water,  regular  crops 
may  be  relied  on.  A  word  in  favour  of  the  old- 
fashioned  flues  may  be  voted  behind  the  times  in 
these  days  of  cheap  glass,  but  there  is  no  disguising 
the  fact  that  there  are  plenty  of  places  where  regular 
crops  of  Peaches  were  got  by  the  help  of  the  flues, 
where,  since  they  have  dropped  out  of  use,  little  in 
the  shape  of  fruit  has  been  forthcoming.    T.  B. 

Strawberry  Aherdeen  Favourite. 
In  the  autumn  of  1SS3,  Connon  &  Reid,  seedsmen, 
Aberdeen,  advertised  a  very  late  Strawberry  under 
the  above  name.  Not  wishing  to  be  behind  in  any- 
thing  in  the  fruit  way,  I  ordered  it,  and,  to  give  this 
said  new  sort  a  fair  trial,  planted  it  on  a  north  border, 
well  mulching  every  spring  ;  and  now  I  write  to  call 
attention  to  this  really  valuable  kind.  It  is  a  very 
strong  grower,  free  bearer,  and  producing  fruit  later 
than  any  other  kind,  for  we  gathered  our  last  dish  on 


August  12,  really  good  sized  fruit,  of  a  bright  colour, 
and  not  a  bad  flavour.  This  has  been  a  most  trying 
season  for  Strawberries— a  cloudless  sky,  a  tropical 
heat,  and  a  deficiency  of  rain,  and  yet  we  have 
gathered  Strawberries  from  the  open  exactly  two 
months,  the  Black  Prince,  or  Black  Seedling  from  a 
suu'h  border  first,  and  the  Favourite  on  a  north  aspect. 
With  several  mid-season  varieties  between,  it  is  rather 
singular  that  both  kinds  (the  earliest  and  latest)  should 
hail  from  the  Granite  City,  but  if  Laxton's  two  new 
kinds  should  prove  what  they  are  represented,  we 
shall  from  them  get  Strawberries  from  the  open  a 
week  before  Black  Prince.  Your  northern  readers 
will  bear  in  mind  that  south  of  London,  Strawberries 
are  seldom  gathered  in  any  quantity  in  August,  hence 
the  report  of  the  variety  with  which  I  head  this  article. 
J.  Rust,  Eriilge  Cailk. 

Peach  Dr.  Bukicard. 
truit  large,  globose,  orange-yellow,  deep  red  on 
the  sunny  side,  flesh  yellow,  detached  from  the  stone. 
It  is  a  hardy  variety,  and  bears  well  in  or  out-of-doors. 
It  is  said  to  reproduce  itself  from  seed— a  very  unusual 
occurrence.  A  coloured  representation  is  given  in  the 
July  number  of  the  Bulletin  d'Arboricullure. 

REINLTTE   HtRMANS. 

Fruit  large,  globose-conic,  with  a  large  open  eye, 
clear  red  on  the  sunny  side,  yellow  on  the  shaded 
side  ;  flesh  delicate,  somewhat  acid.  It  keeps  well, 
and  retains  its  freshness  and  crispness  for  many 
months.  It  is  a  good  cropper,  and  the  fruits  are  not 
easily   detached    from  the  branches.     Bulletin  d'Ar- 


ROSIiS  L\  POTS. 
I  am  constrained  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  Roses 
in  pots  at  this  season,  because  they  are  more  likely  to 
be  neglected  now,  while  they  ought,  as  a  matter  of 
the  first  importance,  to  be  in  preparation  for  next 
season's  bloom.  The  insect  pests  which  are  most 
injurious  to  the  Rose  are  red-spider  and  greenfly, 
while  that  insidious  pest,  mildew,  is  sure  to  appear 
at  this  season  on  the  plants  standing  out-ofdoors. 
Besides  these  three  I  was  horrified  one  season  to  find 
in  addition  beautiful  examples  of  the  orange  fungus 
appearing  on  some  plants  recently  purchased.  We 
very  speedily  stamped  that  pest  out  by  cutting  off  the 
affected  parts  and  burning  them.  The  plants  were 
then  dipped  in  a  mixture  of  soft-soapy  water,  to  which 
was  added  a  small  quantity  of  tobacco  liquor,  and  a 
handful  of  flowers  of  sulphur  to  each  pailful  of  the 
liquid.  This  mixture  destroys  all  the  insects  and 
parasites  I  have  alluded  to.  With  good  manage- 
ment none  of  these  pests  of  the  Rose  grower  ought 
to  gain  any  headway.  The  red-spider  would  not 
appear  if  the  plants  were  syringed  well  under  the 
leaves  in  hot  weather  every  evening,  using,  if  pos- 
sible, -ain-water  or  water  that  had  stood  out  in  the 
sun  all  day.  The  position  in  which  the  plants  are 
placed  is  of  some  importance.  I  have  seen  them 
arranged  in  front  of  a  south  wall,  as  this  position  was 
thought  to  mature  the  growths  better  than  any  other  ;, 
but  I  fear  the  excessive  heat  from  a  brick  wall  is  not 
sufticiently  considered  during  very  hot  weather.  I 
was  at  work  close  to  a  brick  wall  facing  west  on  the 
14th  of  this  month,  and  felt  uncomfortably  warm  at 
4  I'M.  I  went  into  one  of  the  houses  and  brought 
out  a  thermometer  which  was  placed  in  a  pot  half 
full  of  sand  on  the  temporary  potting  bench,  and  it  at 
once  rose  to  105°  Fahr.  A  temperature  anything 
like  this  continued  for  several  days  would  check 
growth,  and  red-spider  would  make  a  good  fight  for 
the  mastery.  The  right  place  for  the  plants  in 
summer  is  an  open  quarter  in  the  kitchen  garden, 
where  they  can  be  exposed  to  the  sun  and  air  all  day 
long,  but  not  to  artificial  or  reflected   heat.     There 


could  be  no  harm  in  placing  the  plants  on  a  border 
well  exposed  to  the  sun  after  the  middle  of  September, 
as  the  wood  ought  to  be  well  ripened  by  that  time, 
and  a  warmer  position  would  complete  the  perfect 
formation  of  the  buds. 

Potting  is  one  of  the  primary  operations,  and 
should  be  carefully  done.  Indeed,  I  attribute  much 
of  my  success  as  an  exhibitor  to  the  care  with  which 
all  the  plants  are  potted.  Perhaps  the  young 
gardeners  associated  with  me  in  the  garden  could 
pot  plants  as  well  as  I  can,  but  I  never  trust  to  any- 
body, and  pot  all  my  exhibition  plants,  Orchids, 
Amaryllises,  Hyacinths,  Auriculas,  Carnations,  &c., 
myself.  It  is  impossible  to  get  good  results  if  the 
roots  are  not  in  the  best  condition  to  take  up  the  food 
with  which  they  are  supplied.  All  pot  plants  require 
perfect  drainage,  to  begin  with,  and  the  potting  of  the 
plants  must  be  done  in  such  a  way  that  the  drainage 
does  not  become  choked  afterwards.  We  repot  our 
Roses  any  time  this  month,  and  the  first  operation  is 
the  preparation  of  the  soil.  Good  clayey  loam,  with 
plenty  of  decayed  fibre  from  grass  roots,  should  be 
mixed  with  a  fourth  part  of  decayed  stable  manure, 
as  much  leaf  mould,  some  charcoal  broken  up,  and  an 
8-inch  potful  of  crushed  or  powdered  bones  to  each 
large  barrowload  of  the  loam.  Do  not  use  the  dust 
from  factories  where  articles  are  made  from  so-called 
vegetable  ivory,  as  this  is  injurious.  The  pots,  if 
they  have  been  used  once,  must  be  washed  clean  ;  if 
new,  they  should  be  soaked  in  clean  water  a  few 
hours  before  using  them.  The  crocks  ought  also  to 
be  clean,  and  carefully  placed  in  the  pots.  Place 
some  tough  fibre  over  them  to  prevent  the  compost 
from  filtering  down  and  choking  the  drainage.  The 
plants  soon  become  established  at  this  season,  if  the 
shoots  are  well  clothed  with  foliage. 

Tea  Roses  ought  always  to  be  kept  under  glass. 
They  are  more  truly  perpetual  than  many  of  the 
so-called  hybrid  perpetuals,  and  when  kept  in  good 
health  the  quantity  of  flowers  produced  by  them  is 
truly  astonishing.  Tea  Roses  may  be  repotted  at  the 
same  time  as  the  others,  and  in  the  same  way,  but 
the  compost  for  them  may  be  made  lighter  by  adding 
to  it  a  fourth  part  of  light  fibrous  peat.  If  they  are 
kept  in  a  greenhouse  all  the  ventilators  and  doors 
must  be  open  night  and  day  during  fine  weather. 
Syringe  them  well  every  evening.  They  must  have 
plenty  of  light  as  well  as  air,  and  do  not  succeed 
huddled  up  among  other  flowering  plants,  and  shaded, 
as  greenhouses  usually  are;  better  place  them  out-of- 
doors  than  treat  them  in  that  way.   J   Douglas, 


DAVID    LOCKHART. 

In  consequence  of  the  early  records  relating  to 
men  entering  the  service  of  the  Royal  Gardens  having 
been  destroyed  the  date  of  Lockhart's  entry,  as  of 
many  others,  cannot  now  be  ascertained.  In  1816  he 
was  appointed  assistant  to  Christian  Smith,  the 
botanist  attached  to  Captain  Tuckey's  expedition  for 
surveying  the  river  Congo,  in  West  Tropical  Africa  j 
this  expedition  proved  unfortunate,  as  the  captain  and 
a  great  part  of  the  crew  were  struck  down  with  fever. 
Lockhart  and  a  few  others  escaped,  but  not  with 
impunity,  for  on  the  ship  arriving  at  Bahia  he  and 
others  were  placed  in  the  hospital.  On  becoming 
convalescent  he  returned  to  England. 

In  i8iS  he  received  the  appointment  of  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Colonial  Gardens,  Trinidad,  which, 
und«r  the  patronage  of  Sir  Ralph  Woodford,  he 
greatly  improved  by  making  excursions  to  many  parts 
of  the  island,  and  finding  many  new  plants.  He 
also  visited  Venezuela,  on  the  Spanish  Main.  He 
found  Humboldt's  Cow  tree,  Galactodendron  utile, 
also  the  famous  Zamang  of  the  Spaniards,  Pitheco- 
lobium  Saman.  These,  with  many  other  plants, 
especially  Orchids,  were  introduced  by  him  to  Trini- 
dad. The  Zamangs  have  become  large  trees ;  its 
pods,  like  the  Carob  tree  of  Europe,  being  found  to  be 
good  cattle  food,  has  led  to  its  becoming  cultivated 
in  many  warm  countries.  He  took  much  interest  in 
endeavouring  to  promote  the  cultivation  of  the  Clove 
and  Nutmeg,  and  wrote  a  treatise  on  the  subject. 
He  from  time  to  time  forwarded  new  plants  to  Kew, 
many  being  Orchids — the  mo,t  remarkable  of  that 
time  being  Stanhopea  insignis,  Catasetum  tridentatum, 
and  the  Butterfly  Orchid,  Oncidium  Papilio ;  also 
the  curious  floating  aquatic,  Pontederia  crassipes.  In 
1825-6  he  formed  large  collections  of  trees  and  shrubs, 
of  which  may  be  mentioned  the  curious  epiphytes, 
Nolrantea  coccinea,  Carolina  princeps,  Lecythis 
olarea,  and  Fandanus  candelabrum. 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


237 


In  1844  he  visited  his  native  country  and  spent 
some  time  at  Kew,  making  lists  of  such  plants  as  he 
considered  suitable  to  the  Trinidad  garden  ;  he  ap- 
peared then  in  good  health,  but  shortly  after  his 
return  to  Trinidad  he  was  taken  ill,  and  died  at 
Trinidad  in  1S45. 

A  small  but  curious  Orchid  was  named  Lockhartia 
(L.  elegans)  by  Sir  \Vm.  Hooker,  but  it  was  after- 
wards found  to  have  been  already  named,  by  Ruiz 
and  Pavon,  Fernandezia  ;  and  at  the  present  time 
no  other  plant  has  been  honoured  with  the  name 
of  Lockharl.  J.  Smith,  ex-Curator,  Royal  Gardens, 
K'au. 


and  reach  to  the  height  of  9  feet  or  more  in  the  sandy 
soil  of  Mr.  Faulkner's  garden.  The  leaflets  are  large 
and  pointed,  and  of  a  silvery  hue  beneath.  The  fruit 
is  produced  freely  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  on  the 
summer  branches,  and  is  large,  roundish,  or  slightly 
conical,  and  of  a  deep  crimson  colour.  The  variety 
is  a  summer  bearer,  continuing  to  produce  and  ripen 
its  fruit  for  a  considerable  period  in  succession." 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

Douglas    Fir. — For     some    time    past    I    had 
intended  sending  a  note  to  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle 


Fig.    50      -RA'-l'BERRY    LORD    DEACONSl'IELD. 


for  whether  we  regard  its  hardiness  or  its  economical 
properties,  I  take  it  that  although  it  is  equal  to 
any  of  the  Pine  tribe,  one  would  not  recommend  a 
stately  tree  of  this  growth  for  exposed  situations, 
but  in  planting  there  are  always  valleys  and  mountain 
brows  where  it  will  be  quite  at  home,  while  the  more 
exposed  places  can  be  devoted  to  the  Scots  and 
Austrian  Pines.  I  ought  to  mention  that  at  the  same 
time  and  place  we  planted  a  quantity  of  the  Welling- 
tonias,  but  they  are  only  about  half  the  height,  viz., 
30  feet.  The  lime  of  planting  will  soon  be  here,  and 
that  is  my  reason  (or  calling  attention  to  the  tree 
which  bears  the  name  of  this  distinguished  and 
amiable  collector,  a  statue  of  whom  ought  to  adorn 
the  city  of  Perth.  J.  Riut,  Bridge  Castle. 


RASPBERRY     LORD     BEACONS- 
FIELD. 

This  Raspberry  (fig.  50),  which  was  sent  to  us  by 
Mr.  Faulknor,  is  a  chance  seedling,  produced  in  his 
garden  at  Inkpen,  near  Hungerford,  in  1876.  Being 
of  vigorous  growth,  even  in  a  poor  soil  of  a  sandy 
nature,  and  also  a  heavy  cropper,  it  was  brought  be- 
fore the  Fiuit  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  and  obtained  a  First-class  Certificate  in  1S.S3. 
A  large  plant  of  this  Raspberry  was  also  exhibiteil  at 
South  Kensington  this  year,  which  was  remarkable 
for  its  vigour  and  prolific  habit.  It  would  be  an 
excellent  variety  for  preserving  on  that  account. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  plant  by  Mr. 
T.  Moore,  Chelsea,  as  given  in  the  Florist  and  Po- 
mologisl,  January,  1884: — "The  canes  of  this  Rasp- 
berry are  stout,  with  a  clear  smooth  nut-brown  skin, 


on  this  tree,  and  your  interesting  woodcut  of  David 
Douglas  in  a  recent  issue  brought  it  fresh  to  my 
mind.  Twenty  years  ago  this  very  autumn  we 
were  planting  some  choice  Conifera;,  and  amongst 
the  rest  a  good  many  Douglas  Firs,  and  curiosity 
led  me  to  have  a  good  look  at  them  lately,  and 
although  the  situation  is  anything  but  sheltered  and 
nothing  very  wonderful  in  the  soil — a  light  loam,  still 
the  trees  have  done  exceedingly  well.  The  tallest  is 
57  feet  high,  and  supposing  it  to  have  been  3  feet 
high  when  planted  it  has  thus  grown  54  feet  in 
twenty  years.  It  is  now  full  of  cones  ;  and  seeing 
that  the  seed  ripens  perfectly  in  this  country  and 
as  far  north  as  Perth,  and  farther  for  aught  I 
know,  there  is  no  reason  why  the  tree  should  not 
soon  become  as  cheap  and  plentiful  as  any  other 
forest  tree  with  which  it  may  now  fairly  be  classed  ; 


GREENHOUSE  PLANTS:  THEIR 
CULTURE  AND  MANAGEMENT. 
MONOCH.'ETUMS.  —  Amongst    the    various    useful 
plants  cultivated  under  glass  that  attain  only  a  com- 
paratively small  size  may  be   included    the   different 
varieties  of  Monochretum  ;  they  are  easily  grown  and 
possess  the  advantage  of  blooming  through  the  dull 
winter   months ;  they  are    most    profuse     flowerers, 
for    when    well    managed    every   bit    of    the     pre- 
ceding  season's   growth     is     thickly     studded    with 
flowers.     They  do  not  occupy  much  space,  and  by 
growing  a  considerable  number  their  flowering  may  be 
prolonged  over  a  lengthened  period.     When  M.  ensi- 
ferum,  the    first   species   introduced,    came    into   the 
country,  it  was  more  generally  seen  than  at  present — 
why,  it  would  be  difficult  to  say,  for  as  a  manageable 
subject  quite  distinct  in  character  from  the  general  run 
of  plants,  it  has  merits  not  possessed  by  many  things 
to  be  met  with  in  almost  every  collection  :  and   what 
holds  good  of  this  plant   may  be  said  respecting  the 
others.    When  first  cultivated  in  this  country  it  was 
thought  that  they   would  require  stove  heat — a  sup- 
position not  unnatural  from  the  parts  of  the  world   in 
which   they   were   found    indigenous  ;    and  in    their 
case,    as   in    that  of    many    other    plants,  sufiicient 
data  as   to   the  elevation  and  other  local  conditions 
under   which    they    flower   naturally  being  wanting, 
strengthened    this    view.       It   may   be    well   here  to 
observe  that,  although  the  temperature  of  a  stove  is  so 
far   too  high  for  them  that  it  induces  a  soft  delicate 
condition  in  the  foliage,  with  a  more  straggling,  loose 
growth,    and   a  correspondingly   shorter  duration  o 
flowering  during  the  winter,  they  succeed  much  better 
if  kept  in  a  night  temperature  of  from  44°  to  4S'  than 
in  a  cooler  greenhouse.     In    a   house    where  they  can 
be   so   treated,    there   are  few  plants   that  possess  a 
more  bright  lively  appearance  through  the  dull  season, 
when  profusely  studded  with  their  rosy-purple  tinted 
flowers,  when  introduced  in  sufficient  quantity  on  the 
stage  of  a  greenhouse,  or  in  a  similar  position  in  the 
conservatory — where,  as  is  usual,  a  suitable  tempera- 
ture is  kept  up — they  are  amongst  the  most  effective 
plants  that  flower  at  this  time.     They  are  particularly 
adapted  (or  cultivation  by   the  immense  number  of 
people  who  at  the  present   day  possess  a  few  small 
houses,  and  are  desirous  of  introducing  as  much  variety 
as  they  can  into  what  they  cultivate  ;  a  desideratum 
that  is  often  completely  de(eated  by  attempting  to  grow 
in  such  houses  plants  that  naturally  occupy  a  large 
space,  and  which,  if  kept  restricted  to  such  limits  as 
to   prevent  their    too  far  encroaching  upon    others, 
generally  results,  as  might  be  expected,  in  their  never 
developing  their  true  character  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 
The  plants  deserving  of  cultivation  are  anything  but 
few  in  number  ;  there  is  a  wide  field   to  select  from, 
and  those  who  have  small  houses  will   find   it  much 
better  to  choose  plants  that  do  not  attain  a  size  to 
tender   them  unsuitable  for  the  places  they  have  to 
occupy.       If    small    plants    in   4  or   sinch  pots  are 
obtained  through  the  autumn  or  winter  and  kept  in  a 
temperature  such  as  already  indicated,  by  the  middle 
of  March   root-growth  will    be   sufiiciently  active  to 
admit  o(  their  being  moved  on  into  larger  pots  ;  they 
root  freely,  yet  there  is  no  necessity  for  a  large  shift  ; 
2  inches  additional  room  will  be  sufficient,  as  it  will 
be  found  better  to  move  them  again  later  on  than  to 
give  a  larger  shift  at   once.      They  will  succeed  in 
either  peat  or  loam,  or  a  mixture  of   both,  but  in 
common  with  most   plants  of  a  somewhat  soft  nature, 
I  have  always  found  good  loam  to  impart  more  strength 
to  the  wood  and  leaves  than  peat,  although  in  the  latter 
description  of  soil  the  leaves  are  usually  larger,  and  of  a 
deeper  green  colour.    The  mote  fibre  the  loam  contains 
the  better,  and  as  much  sand  should  be  added  to  it 
as  will    insure   its   porosity,   as  durirg   the  growing 


238 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18 


season  they  will  require  a  considerable  amount  of  water; 
for  this  reason  the  pots  must  also  be  well  drained.  Do 
not  disturb  the  roots  more  than  can  be  avoided,  simply 
removing  the  old  drainage  from  the  bottom  of  the 
ball,  press  the  new  soil  suflicienily  to  make  it  quite 
firm,  keep  the  plants  a  little  closer  for  a  week  or  two, 
at  the  same  time  using  a  little  shade  if  the  weather  is 
bright.  They  are  naturally  of  a  fairly  bu^hy  habit, 
yet  nevertheless  it  is  necessary  at  this  time  to  keep 
them  tied  out,  drawing  the  stronger  branches  to  the 
outside,  keeping  them  well  down  so  as  to  insure  the 
base  of  the  specimens  being  properly  furnished  with 
leaves.  A  position  on  the  front  stage  of  a  greenhouse 
or  in  a  light  pit  will  now  be  suitable  for  thsm,  giving 
air  proportionate  to  the  slate  of  the  weather.  The 
nearer  they  are  kept  to  the  glass  the  better,  slightly 
damping  them  overhead  in  the  afternoons  when  the 
weather  has  become  warm.  Any  shoots  that  evince 
a  disposition  to  outgrow  the  others  must  be  shortened 
well  back,  pinching  the  points  out  of  the  others  about 
the  beginning  of  May.  The  roots  will  by  this  time 
be  fait  laying  hold  of '  the  new  soil,  and  they  will 
require  more  water  at  this  season  than  many  things 
that  grow  to  similar  dimensions. 

By  the  end  of  June  it  will  be  well  to  move  the 
whole  into  pots  a  couple  of  inches  larger,  using  soil  of 
a  similar  description  to  that  previously  advised,  giving 
less  side-air  for  a  few  days,  with  sufii:ient  shade  to 
keep  the  temperature  from  rising  too  high,  and  keep- 
ing the  surface  on  which  they  stand  moistened.  They 
should  now  again  be  gone  over,  tying  them  into 
shape,  using  neat  sticks  to  support  the  shoots  in  their 
places,  without  carrying  this  so  far  as  to  give  them  a 
slilT,  formal  appearance.  After  this  there  should  be 
no  more  stopping  further  than  pinching  out  the  points 
of  any  shoots  that  are  too  much  outgrowing  the  rest. 
.Syringe  them  freely  every  afternoon,  and  do  not 
allow  them  to  stand  so  closely  as  to  induce  a  weak 
condition  of  the  lower  branches  ;  they  require  little  or 
no  shade  except  in  the  very  brightest  weather.  Con- 
tinue to  treat  in  this  way  until  the  beginning  of  Sep- 
tember, when  cease  syringing  overhead  ;  after  this 
time  also  less  water  at  the  roots  will  be  required.  Do 
not  allow  them  through  the  autumn  to  remain  where 
it  is  too  cold  in  the  nights,  for  if  subject  to  a  low  tem- 
perature the  foliage  sometimes  suffers  through  an 
attack  of  mildew,  in  which  case  the  leaves  quickly  fall 
cff  to  such  an  extent  as  not  only  to  disfigure  the  appear- 
ance of  the  plants,  but  to  injure  their  flowering  capa- 
bilities as  well.  By  this  time  they  will  be  nice  litle 
pyramidal  or  bush-shaped  specimens  according  as 
they  have  been  trained,  from  12  to  14  inches  through. 
If  a  portion  of  them  are  wanted  to  flower  earlier 
than  they  will  come  in  the  temperature  already 
advised,  this  can  easily  be  effected  by  placing  them  in 
a  few  degrees  warmer  quarters. 

Alter  blooming  the  plants  should  be  moderately 
cut-in,  reducing  them  to  about  two-thirds  their  size, 
and  the  atmosphere  kept  a  little  closer,  damping 
them  slightly  overhead.  As  soon  as  they  have  fairly 
broken  into  growth  turn  them  out  of  the  pots,  remove 
the  drainage,  and  work  out  as  much  of  the  soil  from 
the  surface  of  the  ball  as  can  be  done  without  muti- 
lating the  roots.  Place  them  in  pots  2  or  3  inches 
larger,  using  soil  such  as  already  recommended,  and 
treat  as  during  the  previous  year,  except  that  another 
shift  will  not  be  necessary,  as  any  further  sustenance 
they  may  require  can  be  given  by  the  application  of 
manure-water,  which  they  much  enjoy  if  not  used  too 
strong.  It  is  necessary  to  be  careful  on  this  latter 
point,  as  I  have  seen  the  roots  so  far  injured  by 
manure-water  being  applied  so  strong,  as  to  cause 
considerable  qualities  of  the  leaves  to  fall  ofl'.  Through 
the  autumn  and  winter  treat  as  in  the  preceding  year. 
It  is  seldom  advisable  to  keep  the  plants  more  than 
two  years,  consequently  it  is  well  to  start  a  few  young 
ones  every  spring  to  supply  the  place  of  such  as  are 
discarded.     The  following  are  ivell  worth  a  place  : — 

At.  eiui/crtim. — Bright  rosy-purple  flowers,  com- 
pact habit  of  growth  ;  from  Oaxaca. 

M.  f/um/ioldtianii m.—Btight  rose  :  introduced  from 
Caraccas. 

JIf,  seriauin  muUiftorum. — Flowers  rose  colour ;  a 
garden  variety,  probably  the  best  of  the  family. 

Insects. — Monochretums  are  little  troubled  with  in- 
sects, though  liable  to  the  attacks  of  red-spider  if 
enough  attention  be  not  paid  to  syringing,  or  if  in  the 
operation  the  water  does  not  suflicietly  reach  the 
under-surface  of  the  leaves.  Should  aphides  make 
their  appearance,  fumigate.  If  any  of  the  worst 
description  of  insects,  such  as  scale  or  mealy-bug, 
affect  them,  it  is  better  to  discard  the  plants,  as  from 


their  quick  and  easy  growth  this  is  preferable  to  the 
loss  of  time  in  cleaning,  as  the  leaves  of  plants  will 
not  bear  the  application  of  any  insecticide  that  will 
affect  their  total  extermination.    T.  Bailies. 


FOI^ESTJ^Y. 

Forestry,  while  in  theory  it  may  properly  be 
divided  into  two  classes,  namely,  ornamental  and 
useful,  is  in  practice  very  difficult  to  define.  The 
line  of  distinction,  though  it  truly  exists,  is  not  easily 
drawn — like  the  blending  of  colours  it  is  no  easy 
matter  to  say  where  the  one  ends  and  the  other  begins. 
Ornamental  forestry  is  often  as  useful  as  it  is  orna- 
mental, and  useful  forestry  cannot  well  be  other  than 
nrnamental.  There  is  not,  however,  so  great  diffi- 
culty in  showing  wherein  they  agree  as  in  showing 
wherein  they  differ. 

In  carrying  out  extensive  improvements  on  the 
Seafield  estates,  in  Banffshire,  during  the  last  twenty 
years  or  thereby,  amongst  other  departments  planting 
of  various  kinds  was  extensively  undertaken,  and 
there,  as  on  all  well  managed  estates,  very  strict 
accounts  were  kept  of  each  separate  department,  so 
that  at  a  glance  might  be  seen  the  gain  or  loss  in  any 
of  them. 

In  ihe  management  of  5000  acres  of  plantation 
there  was  necessarily  a  large  overturn  of  money,  both 
in  what  was  laid  out  and  what  was  brought  in, 
and  in  order  that  nothing  might  be  charged  against 
the  woods  and  plantations  beyond  what  was  actually 
done  for  profit,  or  to  ensure  a  profitable  return  in 
due  course,  a  line  of  distinction  was  drawn  between 
those  plantations  formed  for  profit  and  others  formed 
for  shelter  and  beautifying  the  estates  generally.  The 
one  class  was  termed  useful,  and  the  other  shelter  and 
ornamental.  The  ornamental  class  of  plantations 
differed  principally  from  those  termed  useful  in  the 
former  being  small  and  the  latter  large.  There  were, 
also,  other  distinguishing  features  between  them,  but, 
as  will  subsequently  be  seen,  that  which  led  to  this  line 
of  distinction  being  drawn  was  the  difft;rence  in  cost  of 
fencing  between  that  of  a  large  and  small  plantation, 
acre  for  acre.  The  actual  cost  of  planting  an  acre, 
whether  in  a  5  acre  or  a  50  acre  plantation,  ought  to 
be  very  nearly  the  same,  but  the  difference  in  cost  in 
fencing,  acre  for  acre,  in  the  one  compared  with  the 
other,  will  surprise  those  who  have  not  done  it,  and 
it  was  this  item  of  expense  of  fencing  alone  that  in- 
dicated what  was  and  what  was  not  the  size  of  the 
plantation  that  would  pay,  or  should  be  classed  with 
the  useful  or  ornamental. 

To  enclose  a  square  piece  of  ground  of  5  acres  it 
requires  622  lineal  yards  of  fence  to  go  round  ii, 
which,  if  a  wire  fence,  at  8^/.  per  yard,  would  cost 
/20  l+r.  8(/.,  equal  to  ^4  2s,  iid.  per  acre.  To 
enclose  10  acres  in  the  same  way,  and  at  the  same 
price  per  yard,  it  takes  880  yards  of  fence  =  ^29  6j.  S,/., 
—  ;i^2  i8j.  Sf/.  per  acre.  To  enclose  20  acres 
in  the  same  way  it  takes  1244  yards  of  fence  to  go 
round  it,  equal  to  ^41  9.^.  4'/.  =  £2  is.  5^/.  per  acre. 
Again,  to  enclose  50  acres  of  a  square-sided  piece  it 
takes  a  fence  196S  yards  in  length  =  £6$  lis.  — 
^i  6s.  2\d.  per  acre.  To  enclose  100  acres  the  fence 
required  is  27S4  yards  in  length  =  £<)2  161.  = 
iSj.  6f(/.  per  acre  ;  and  to  enclose  1000  acres  in  the 
same  manner  described,  it  takes  SSoo  yards  of  fence 
=  ^293  6.(.  S(/.  =  5^.  i^'^.  per  acre.  To  enclose  a 
circle  of  a  given  area  rather  less  fencing  is  required 
than  for  a  square,  but  the  cost  of  erecting  a  circular 
fence,  and  its  future  maintenance,  being  considerably 
greater  *.han  for  that  of  a  square  straight-sided  en- 
closure, the  latter  is  fully  as  cheap  as  the  former.  For 
the  sake  of  comparison,  however,  and  guidance  to 
those  requiring  it,  the  annexed  table  is  given  : — 


Square 
.•\cres. 

Length  of  Fence 

Circular 
Acres. 

Length  of  Fence. 

5 

Yards. 

63  = 

i 

Yards. 
SSlK 

10 

S80 

10 

779K 

20 

1244 

20 

1102 -^ 

Sc 

i<)6S 

5° 

•744 

100 

27S4 

100 

2466 

150 

340S 

ISO 

3021 

500 

6234 

5CO 

5515 

.coo 

SSoo 

10:0 

779S 

enclose  a  5  acre  plantation  at  %J.  per  yard,  it  costs 
£^  21.  Ill/,  per  acre,  which  would  not  paj-, while  to  en- 
close 1000  acres  at  the  same  rate  per  jard,  it  costs  only 
$s.  I51/.  per  acre,  which  would  pay  ;  and  if  interest  is 
charged  equally  upon  both  during,  the  growth  of  the 
plantation  (seventy  years)  it  will  at  once  be  seen  why 
large  and  small  plantations  yield  such  very  dif- 
ferent returns,  or  why  the  one  class  pays  and  the 
other  does  not.  Therefore  it  was  that  in  the  ca^es  ex- 
ampled  the  two  were  kept  separate  and  distinct.  C, 
Y.  Michie,  Cullcn  Home,  Atts.  18. 


From  the  foregoing  statements   t  is  shown   that  to 


CHERRIES    IN    POTS. 

*'  A,  F.  B.'s  "  picture  of  Mr.  Rivers'  Cherry-house  is 
enough  to  make  ones  mouth  water,  and  having  regard 
to  the  superb  quality  of  the  samples  of  fruit  which 
that  eminent  grower  has  exhibited  at  South  Kensing- 
ton, it  is  not  at  all  difficult  to  understand  how 
tempting  must  have  been  the  appearance  of  the  crop. 
But  Mr.  Rivers  sent  to  South  Kensington  last  week 
with  some  Plums  in  pots,  three  Cherries,  one  old  and 
rather  large  black  kind,  and  two  smaller  plants  of 
Bigarreau  Gros  Coeuret,  the  fruit  on  each  very  fine. 
These  were  in  lo-inch  pots,  and  were  of  varying  ages. 
The  larger  tree  had  at  the  most  a  crop  of  2^  lb.  of 
fruit,  and  the  o'her  two  about  2  lb.  between  them, 
or  a,\  lb.  in  all.  That  was  probably  the  outside 
quantity.  Whilst  looking  at  them  I  heard  a  gardener 
remark  that  such  fruit  would  cost  about  half  a  crown 
a  pound  to  produce  in  that  way,  and  as  my  attention 
was  arrested  by  such  a  statement,  I  asked  him  to 
demonstrate  how  such  could  be  the  case.  He  first 
priced  the  three  trees  at  2s.  6^.,  ;^s.  6/,  and  5^.  6d. 
each  respectively,  or  \\s.  6d.  in  all.  Then  he  said 
the  cost  of  housing  them,  attending,  and  otherwise 
cultivating  these  trees  all  the  year  round,  would  be 
quite  as  much  more,  or  a  total  of  23J.  That  would 
really  make  the  prime  cost  of  the  fruit  to  be  5^.  per 
pound  ;  but  of  coursesomething  must  beallowcd  for  the 
fact  that  the  trees  might  continue  to  thrive  and  fruit 
in  pots  for  three  or  four  years  at  least.  Still  in  his 
estimation  it  seemed  difficult  to  understand  how 
house  grown  fruit  from  plants  in  pots  could  be  obtained 
for  less  per  pound  than  his  original  estimate.  Well  it 
must  be  admitted  that  beautiful,  nay  tempting,  as  must 
be  a  houseful  of  Cherries,  the  question  must  be 
answered  at  what  cost  are  they  obtained  ?  Perhaps 
some  gardeners — Mr.  Miles  for  instance,  or  Mr. 
Hudson,  both  of  whom  produce  grand  samples  of 
fruits  under  glass — would  tell  your  readers  how  theirs 
are  produced,  and  whether  they  think  the  cost  is 
greater  or  less  than  the  above  estimate.  It  is  certain 
that  methods  of  culture  under  glass  have  been 
favoured  in  past  years  that  have  proved  not  only 
illusive  in  results,  but  also  far  too  cosily  even  if 
otherwise  successful.  Orchard-houses  were  at  one 
time  to  have  revolutionised  fruit  culture,  and  elo- 
quent panegyrics  upon  them  were  liberally  penned. 
Orchard-houses  for  Peaches,  Plum?,  Apples,  and 
Pears,  have  had  their  day,  and  a  short  one  it  was. 
The  question,  therefore,  is  this — Is  there  in  Cherries 
any  distinctive  feature,  which  removes  them  as  fruit 
from  the  ordinary  category,  and  lis  them  far  more 
for  house  cultivation  in  pots  than  other  kinds?  We 
ought  to  grow  plenty  of  grand  Cherries  in  our  climate 
outdoors  but  for  two  reasons — first,  the  destructive 
spring  frosts;  and  second,  if  the  frost  spare  the 
bloom,  the  hardly  less  destructive  birds.  Such  being 
the  difficulties  which  Cherry  growers  have  to  en- 
counter, the  point  for  consideration  is,  whether 
the  ordinary  market  price  at  which  Cherries  are  sold 
is  a  fair  lest,  and  whether  such  grand  samples  of 
Cherries  as  are  obtained  by  Mr.  Rivers  are  really  dear 
at  even  2j.  6d.  per  pound.  Of  course  his  position 
differs  very  much  from  that  of  a  private  grower, 
because,  even  if  the  fruit  cost  him  double  that  amount 
per  pound,  still  they  might  pay  well  as  means  of 
advertising  the  kinds  he  has  in  stock.  Gentlemen 
would  perhaps  take  a  more  matter-of-fact  view  of  the 
subject,  and  the  cost  to  them  would  have  no  other 
compensating  advantages  than  are  to  be  found  in  the 
consumption  of  the  produce  of  the  trees,  be  it  large  or 
small.  Trade  growers  can  have  no  desire  to  mislead 
the  public  in  this  matter,  because  such  course 
would  only  result  in  eventual  loss ;  therefore, 
when  fruits  of  such  grandly  tempting  aspect  are 
presented  for  public  inspection,  and  gentlemen  who 
may  desire  to  grow  their  own  ask  what  is  the  pro- 
bable cost  of  the  fruit  per  pound,  they  are  but 
seeking  for  information,  which  is  to  them  of 
prinaary  importance.      Some  doubt  was  thrown  on 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


239 


Ihe  bona  (iiies  of  Mr.  Rivers'  pot-grown  trees  because 
the  pots  in  which  they  were  growing  were  so  new 
and  clean  that  it  was  very  hard  indeed  to  realise  that 
the  plants  had  been  grown  in  ihem  all  the  season. 
Some  ol  the  plants,  too,  showed  decided  evidences  ol 
''3gR'''g  l!>'er  in  the  day,  and  whilst  that  fact  natur- 
ally provoked  attention  it  was  explained  that  the 
plants  had  been  stood  on  or  partly  plunged  in  the  soil 
floor  of  the  houss,  and  the  roots  emitted  from  the 
bottom  of  the  pots  had  been  severed  ;  hence  the 
check  to  the  plants.  No  doubt  on  that  head  Mr. 
Rivers  will  be  only  too  ready  to  afford  full  informa- 
tion, but  when  the  culture  of  Cherries  in  pots  under 
glass  is  advised  of  course  we  want  to  know  all  about 
it  even  to  the  most  trifling  matters,  as  one  year's 
failure  only  would  sadly  discount  the  hopes  of  those 
who  built  upon  making  the  practice  profitable. 
"A.  F.  B."  very  pertinently  asks  "Why  not  a 
Cherry-house  as  well  as  a  Peach-house?"  and  the 
only  rejoinder  that  I  can  offer  is  "Why  not?"  But 
then  I'eachhouses  to  prove  prctitable  are  planted 
with  just  a  few  trees,  the  primary  cost  of  which  is 
small,  perhaps  half-a-dozen  at  3^.  61/.  each,  and 
being  of  diverse  kinds  their  season  of  fruiting  may  in 
this  one  house  be  made  to  extend  over  several  weeks. 
Then  Peach  trees  are  certain  bearers,  and  continue 
to  thrive  well  for  many  years.  They  are  usually 
trellis  trained  just  under  the  glass,  as  \'ines  are, 
indeed  a  couple  of  trees  will  often  occupy  a  house 
which  would  hold  thirty  Cherry  trees  in  pots.  But 
if  Peaches  may  be  thus  grown  trellis  trained  why  not 
Cherries,  and  upon  that  point  we  should  like  to  have 
a  practical  answer.  We  do  not  want  Morellos  under 
glass— they  do  so  well  outdoors,  but  sweet  Cherries, 
especially  of  the  finest  kinds,  are  most  certain  under 
glass,  therefore  why  not  plant  and  train  them  as 
Peaches  are  ?  If  that  method  be  both  feasible  and 
profitable  then  Cherry  houses  for  ever.   Ccrasus, 


possession  of  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  alone,  and  to  him 
we  are  indebted  for  the  grand  inflorescence  here  illus- 
trated (fig.  51,  p.  241).  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of 
Odontoglossums.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  bright 
yellow  on  a  white  ground  ;  lip  white,  with  yellow 
centre  j  the  blotches  on  it  and  the  rest  of  the  flower 
being  brownish-red.  It  was  introduced  by  Messrs. 
Hugh  Low  &  Co. 

O.  STELLIMICANS.— This  is  also  a  grand  form, 
introduced  by  Messrs.  ¥,  Sander  &  Co.,  of  St. 
Alban's,  and  having  the  same  supposed  parentage  as 
O.  excellens,  as  it  has  also  the  same  general  charac- 
teristics. Sepals  and  petals  yellow,  mauve-tinted  , 
outside,  and  sparely  blotched  with  brownish-crimson 
inside ;  lip  white,  changing  to  lemon-yellow,  and 
having  a  few  crimson  blotches.  J.  O'Brien. 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

(Cmitiitiicd from  /.  200.) 

The  Pescatorea  section  of  Odontoglossum  is  a  very 
lovely  one,  and  a  great  favourite  with  all  Orchid 
growers,  on  account  of  its  easy  culture  in  a  cold- 
house,  and  the  freeness  with  which  it  produces  its 
flowers.  Variable  though  it  is,  it  does  not  produce 
varieties  to  which  a  distinctive  name  can  be  reason- 
ably put  in  such  quantity  as  the  O.  crispum,  but 
where  a  really  distinct  form  does  appear  there  is 
nothing  uncertain  about  it,  and  the  work  of  naming 
and  fixing  the  features  by  which  it  may  be  recognised 
is  not  difficult.  The  typical  O.  Pescatorei,  with  its 
white  flowers  sometimes  tinted  with  pink,  and  the 
yellow  blotch  and  the  crimson  marking  on  the  lip,  is 
well  known,  and  proved  so  constant  that  anything 
very  distinct  was  despaired  of,  when,  at  last,  came — 

O.  P.  Veitchianum,  tliat  wonderful  introduction 
of  Messrs.  Veitch's,  which  once  seen  is  ever  remem- 
bered, its  clear  white  petals,  so  heavily  marked  with 
mauve  blotches,  constituting  it  not  only  a  grand  form 
of  O.  Pescatorei,  but  one  of  the  very  finest  of  all 
Odontoglc 


O.  P.  ScHRfEDERlANUM,  which  flowered  among 
Messrs.  F.  Sinder  &  Co.'s  importations  in  1883,  runs 
Veitchianum  pretty  closely  for  honours  on  account  of 
showiness,  it  being  like  the  last-named  variety,  but 
differs  in  having  the  blotches  purplish-mauve,  and 
in  their  not  reaching  so  near  the  tips  of  the  segments, 
Messrs.  Protheroe  >&  Morris  obtained  70  guineas  for 
it,  and  hence  it  may  be  inferred  that  it  is  good. 

O.  P.  Thomsonianum,  exhibited  by  Messrs.  W, 
Thomson  &  Son,  of  Tweed  Vineyards,  Clovenfords, 
at  the  Orchid  Conference,  is  of  the  same  strain  as  the 
two  previously  named.  It  is  a  grand  thing,  with 
finely  formed  flowers,  with  some  large  and  many 
small  mauve  blotches,  and  a  delicate  tinge  of  pink 
over  the  whole  flower.  The  two,  if  not  the  three,  of 
these  lovely  things  are  in  the  noted  collection  of 
Baron  Schroeder,  which  has  its  doors  always  open  for 
the  best  things,  but  for  them  only. 

O.  P.  LowiANUM  is  another  finely  marked  variety, 
with  flowers  coloured  like  those  of  O.  P.  fastuosum. 

O.  EXCELLENS.— This  Supposed  hybrid  between  O. 
Pescatorei  and  O.  triurophans,  or  O.  tripudians  —  a 
glance  at  whose  likenesses  at  pp.  205  and  212  may 
assist  the  reader  in  tracing  the  resemblances— is  in  the 


Gladioli  are  now  throwing  up  their  flower-spikes, 
and  will  require  support,  as  the  wind  will  injure  them 
if  not  staked.  The  beds  should  be  well  mulched  and 
watered  ;  also  tie  and  stake,  as  growth  progresses. 
Dahlias,  Hollyhocks,  and  herbaceous  Phloxes,  Chry- 
santhemums, &c. 

Every  effort  should  now  be  made  to  keep  the  gar- 
dens gay  and  effective.  This  can  only  be  accom- 
plished by  a  good  supply  of  liquid  manure  three  times 
a  week  during  the  hot,  dry  weather.  The  only  thing 
to  lead  to  success  is  to  keep  the  water-pots  in  constant 
use,  if  not,  most  plants  will  perish  under  the  trying 
season.  We  have  no  mowing  to  do  here  ;  the  grass 
is  completely  burnt  up.  Let  all  dead  flowers  be  kept 
picked  off,  and  all  kept  neat  and  in  the  best  possible 
order.  \Vm.  Smythe,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park, 
Alton,  Hants, 


k   i\mt\  L\i\^.       I"=  ""^  ">"'  f  """• 


Rain  is  badly  wanted  for  this  part  of  the  country  as 
lawns  are  parched  and  newly  planted  trees  and  shrubs 
are  suffering  greatly.  Where  water  can  be  had  it  should 
be  supplied  in  abundance,  and  also  to  the  flower  gar- 
den, which  should  now  be  at  its  best,  though  in  some 
instances  this  will  not  be  the  cise,  by  reason  of  the 
parching  the  beds  have  h.id.  Calceolarias  and  Violas 
suffered  most,  but  even  these  are  good  where  they  are 
well  watered  with  manure-water.  The  most  effective 
arrangements  are  th'e  carpet  and  succulent  beds— this 
style  of  planting  is  equally  well  adapted  for  hot  and 
dry  seasons  as  for  wet  and  cold  ones — nothing  can 
be  better  than  they  are  at  this  period. 

Propagation  of  summer  bedding  plants  should  now 
be  proceeded  with  as  early  as  possible,  so  as  to  get 
well-rooted  plants  before  the  autumn  frosts,  and 
Pelargoniums,  especially  the  most  approved  kinds. 
The  following  are  the  most  effective  this  season  :  — 
The  golden  variegated  section— Mrs.  Pollock,  Star  of 
India,  Lady  Cullum,  and  Crystal  Palace  Gem  ;  silver- 
leaved  section- May  (Jueen,  Happy  Thought,  Bijou, 
Queen  of  Queens,  and  Flower  of  Spring  ;  bright  scar- 
let— the  best  are  Vesuvius  and  Clipper ;  crimson- 
Henry  Jacohy  ;  pink— Master  Christine,  Mrs.  Halli- 
burton and  Amaranth,  and  many  other  names  might 
be  mentioned  equally  good  ;  the  semi-doubles,  Won- 
derful, scarlet,  and  the  double  kinds  do  well  this 
season,  and  flower  freely.  I  have  a  mixed  bed  of 
them,  all  the  best  kinds,  and  they  flower  spendidly, 
and  make  effective  beds. 

In  propagating  Pelargoniums  and  other  easy  root- 
ing plants  they  do  not  require  at  this  season  the  usual 
protection  of  pits,  as  they  will  succeed  far  better  ii 
placed  in  the  most  sunny  position  in  the  open  garden, 
and  sprinkled  with  clean  water  every  morning  during 
the  hot  dry  weather  ;  if  thus  trea'ed  they  strike  roots 
quickly,  and  make  good  plants.  I  like  5-inch  pots 
best  for  cuttings,  as  they  are  much  more  convenient, 
and  do  not  damp  off  so  mnch  in  winter,  nor  do  the 
plants  get  so  much  drawn  up,  although  they  strike 
fairly  well  in  boxes,  and  are  used  by  many  gardeners 
for  economy.  One  important  point  should  not  be 
overlooked  — the  pots  should  be  so  arranged  as  to 
prevent  worms  from  entering  the  pots,  otherwise  the 
drainage  soon  becomes  clogged,  and  the  advantage  of 
pots  is  lost.  It  is  best  to  place  the  pots  on  slates  or 
on  fresh  coal  ashes  ;  the  pots  should  not  be  placed  too 
close  together,  so  as  to  prevent  the  air  passing  through 
between  them.  The  best  mould  is  anylight  sandysoil,  or 
loam  and  leaf  mould  and  sharp  sand  in  equal  parts,  well 
mixed  and  sifted,  and  pots  or  boxes  well  drained. 
As  a  rule  it  is  not  necessary  to  propagate  a  great 
quantity,  but  a  few  stock-pots  only  of  such  plants  as 
Coleus,  Iresine,  Alternantheras.Verbenas,  Heliotropes, 
Petunias,  and  Lobelias,  &c.  ;  all  such  are  best  struck 
in  spring,  but  it  is  quite  necessary  to  ensure  safe 
wintering  that  they  should  be  got  in  as  early  as 
possible.  They  will  strike  quickly  in  light  sandy  soil 
if  placed  under  a  frame  or  pit  with  slight  bottom- 
heat.  Sow  seeds  ol  annuals  for  spring  flowering, 
either  where  they  are  intended  to  be  grown,  or  for 
transplanting  to  other  positions.  Mixed  borders  may 
be  made  very  gay  by  sowing  a  few  patches  of  Silene 
pendula,  Limnanthes  Douglasi,  Collinsia  bicolor,  and 
Candytuft;  the  new  kinds  are  first  class ;  dwarf 
hybrid,  carmine  and  white  (new),  all  of  which  stand 
the  winter  well. 


CAM  El.  I,  IAS. 
The  next  few  weeks  will  be  an  excellent  time 
wherein  to  give  the  stock  of  ^these  winter  and  early 
spring  blooming  plants  a  general  overhauling  as  to 
their  condition  at  the  roots.  With  plants  in 
pots  and  tubs  some  fresh  shifts  may  be  found 
requisite.  I  do  not  advise  frequent  repotting  with 
this  genus  any  more  than  with  the  Azaleas  com- 
mented upon  in  my  last  Calendar.  With  proper 
attention  to  their  wants  and  the  use  of  good  sound 
lasting  soil  to  grow  them  in,  they  will  remain  in  the 
best  of  health  for  several  seasons  after  having  attained 
large  dimensions.  In  the  case  of  vigorous  growing 
young  stock-  a  shift  every  other  season  may  be  neces- 
sary, it  being  a  mistake  to  allow  a  young  Camellia  to 
become  stunted  and  severely  pot-bound  in  its  earlier 
stages  of  existence.  Close  attention  to  watering  at 
all  times  is  most  essential  ;  any  haphazird  mode  of 
performing  this  routine  woik  is  strongly  to  be  con- 
demned ;  this  is  particularly  the  case  when  the  plants, 
after  having  filled  their  pots  with  roots,  are  very 
susceptible  to  any  omission  in  keeping  them  well 
supplied  with  water.  Again,  discretion  must  be 
exercised  when  having  to  deal  with  freshly  potted 
plants  so  as  not  to  sodden  the  soil  at  the  start. 
When  the  plants  to  be  repotted  are  suspected  of 
being  dry  in  the  centre  of  the  ball  it  will  be  a  good 
plan  to  stand  them  in  a  tub  of  water  for  a  time  to 
thoroughly  soak  the  old  ball.  After  doing  this  a 
pointed  stick  may  be  used  with  good  effect  in  easing 
the  roots  at  the  sides  where  closely  matted  together. 
Allow  room  in  the  pot  for  a  good  drainage,  also  if  pos- 
sible secure  a  moderate  covering  of  new  soil  on  the  top 
of  the  ball,  as  well  as  some  rougher  pieces  next  the  crocks. 
Pot  firmly  as  in  the  case  of  Indian  Azaleas,  keeping 
the  soil  thereby  in  a  better  condition  for  a  greater 
length  of  time.  Opinions  vary  as  to  the  kind  of  soil  to 
be  recommended  for  the  Camellia  :  some  advise  peat 
alone,  others  prefer  loam  ;  in  my  experience  I  have 
had  uniform  good  success  by  selecting  good  sound 
lasting  peat  and  turfy  fibrous  loam  in  about  equal 
proportions,  adding  thereto  a  little  quantity  of  small- 
sized  crushed  bones,  and  a  liberal  amount  of  sand  or 
road  scrapings.  We  have  them  in  this  mixture  now, 
and  in  vigorous  health  too,  intending,  however,  to  pot 
afresh  this  season,  some  which  have  not  had  that 
attention  paid  them  for  four  or  five  years  past.  Any 
of  the  stock  that  hardly  requires  a  shift  may  be 
benefited  by  the  removal  of  some  of  the  surface  soil 
and  a  fresh  top  dressing  to  carry  them  over  to  another 
season.  Plants  and  large  bushes  that  are  growing 
in  the  open  border  will  also  at  times  need  trans- 
planting into  fresh  soil  ;  no  better  season  can  be 
chosen  for  this  work  than  the  present,  the  growth 
for  the  present  year  being  made  and  sufficiently 
hardened  so  as  not  to  suffer  by  the  severance  of  some 
of  their  roots.  In  lifting  such  plants  examine  the 
drainage,  and  renew  where  necessary,  afterwards 
pkicing  some  of  the  roughest  pieces  next  the  same. 
Comparatively  speaking,  the  soil  for  such  can  be  used 
much  rougher  and  with  better  effect  than  when  deal- 
ing with  pot  plants  ;  press  down  the  border  firmly, 
however,  and  give  one  good  watering  as  soon  as 
completed,  and  frequent  dampings  during  the  after- 
noon, when  the  weather  is  bright  and  warm.  Plants 
in  pots,  that  have  become  somewhat  unhealthy,  may 
be  brought  round  in  a  shorter  space  ol  time  by  having 
some  portion  of  their  old  balls  removed,  and  then 
planted  into  an  open  border.  James  Hudson,  Gun' 
nersbury  House  Gardens,  Acton,  l-K 


240 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

\.„..„.„  »  I  Special  Trade  Sale  ol  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Pro- 

Monday,        Aug.  24  \     \^,^,„  j,  m,,,,,,.  Rooms. 

r  Royal    Horticultural   Society ;    Meeting  of 

i       Kruit  and  Floral  Committees,  at  11  A.M.  ; 
T, ,..,.„..,  .  ;       Cottagers' Show,  from  I  to  6  p  M. 

Tuesday,        Aug.  3,  .;  ^j,^  of  Flowering-    Imported,    and   Esiab- 

I       lished    Orchids,   at    i-rotheroe  &    Morris' 

1       Rooms, 
w,.....^^^..,  A         «  f  Harpenden  Horticultural :  Seventh  Annual 
WEDNEsrAV,Au6.!6  j      ^|,'o„ 

T-  .  f  Special  Trade  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Pro- 

Thursday,      Aug   !7  .j     ^^o^  s,  Morris'  Rooms. 
r„..,  ,  0  (  Sale  of  Imported   Orchids,  at   Protheroe  & 

hRlDAY,  Aug.  j8  I      Morris' Rooms 

_.  ,  f  Special  Trade  sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Pro- 

Satubday,       Aug.  25  J     i;^j,oe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 


THE  International  Forestry  Exhibi- 
tion at  Edinburgh  was  well  timed.  Public 
attention  had  been  aroused,  and  people  who 
usually  take  but  a  languid  interest  in  such  matters 
began  to  feel  that  something  must  be  done.  It 
is  worth  while  inquiring  for  a  moment  what  it 
was  that  stimulated  the  public.  Was  it  the 
teaching  of  the,  class  journals?  Was  it  the 
warning  of  botanists  ?  Was  it  the  zeal,  the 
enterprise,  the  unflagging  industry  of  the  Indian 
pioneers.''  No— it  was  none  of  these.  More 
than  forty  years  ago  the  state  of  British 
forestry  was  laid  bare  in  these  columns,  and 
from  that  time  to  this  the  subject  has  never 
been  lost  sight  of.  Since  that  time  other 
journals,  and  some  specially  devoted  to  the 
subject,  have  unceasingly  "  pegged  away,"  but 
to  little  purpose.  So  far  as  India  is  con- 
cerned—that is  too  far  off;  the  climate  and 
all  the  conditions  are  so  diiTerent  from  any- 
thing that  exists  in  the  home  country  that  it  is 
not  surprising  that  the  British  public,  always 
slow  to  take  in  first  principles,  and  slower  still 
to  act  on  new  ideas,  paid  little  heed  to  the 
splendid  services,  and  still  less  to  the  warnings, 
of  that  band  of  botanists  from  Roxburgh  to 
Brandis,  not  to  mention  those  now  in  harness, 
who  constitute  one  of  the  glories  of  our  empire 
in  the  East. 

The  class  journals  might  have  gone  on 
preaching,  the  botanists  and  foresters  of  our 
Asiatic  empire  might  have  gone  on  protesting 
and  working  to  the  top  of  their  opportunities, 
but  all  would  have  been  of  no  avail,  or  if  that 
be  too  strong  an  expression,  action  would  have 
been  indefinitely  postponed  but  for  the  writings 
of  an  American  diplomatist  and  man  of  letters, 
a  man  of  good  observation  and  keen  judgment, 
who  occupied  his  leisure  in  writing  of  matters 
of  which  he  had  probably  no  more  than  the 
acquaintance  of  a  diUttanle.  His  book.  The 
Earth  as  Modified  by  Human  Action,  aroused 
general  attention,  and  is  constantly  cited  now 
even  by  professional  writers. 

Be  the  cause  what  it  may,  however,  it  is  cer- 
tain that  public  attention  is  at  last  aroused  to  the 
importance  of  forestry,  and  as  a  consequence 
the  attention  of  our  Legislature  has  been  turned 
in  the  same  direction.  Responsive  to  such 
stimulus  the  Edinburgh  Forestry  Exhibition 
was  planned  and  carried  to  a  successful  issue, 
as  recorded  in  our  columns  at  the  time.  But 
exhibitions  have  but  a  transient  effect,  unless 
associated  with  some  permanent  record,  and 
such  record  we  have  now  before  us  in  the  shape 
of  a  selection  of  the  prize  essays  written  on  the 
occasion  in  question.* 

The  introduction  to  the  volume  is  taken  up 
by  historical  details  relating  to  the  origin  and 
organisation  of  the  Exhibition.  Then  follow  no 
fewer  than  twenty-one  essays  on  subjects  whose 
variety  may  be  judged  from  the  following  brief 
summary.  Two  of  the  essays  are  devoted  to  the 
formation  and  management  of  tree  nurseries, 
two  to  the  formation  and  management  of  planta- 
tions in  various  localities,  two  to  the  considera- 
tion of  Teak,  four  to  the  manufacture  of  pulp 
for  paper.  Besides  these,  there  are  papers  on 
the  Afiforesting  of  Waste  Land  ;  the  Culture  of 
Trees   on   the   Margins   of  Streams  ;  on   Pine 


•  Forestry  and  Ffrcst  Products,  Sc.  Edited  by  John 
Rattray,  M.A.,  B.Sc,  and  Hugh  Robert  Mill,  B.Sc,  &c. 
Edinburgh  :  David  Douglas. 


Planting  ;  on  Cinchona  Planting  ;  on  the  Vege- 
tation of  Western  Australia  ;  the  Formation  and 
Management  of  Eucaljptus  Plantations  ;  the 
Timber  Supplies  of  Great  Britain  ;  the  Ravages 
of  Timber-destroying  Insects  ;  Charcoal  Manu- 
facture (previously  published  in  these  columns)  ; 
Utilisation  of  Coppice,  and  the  Preparation  of 
Lacquer,  the  latter  by  a  Japanese  gentleman. 
To  attempt  a  critical  analysis  in  one  article  of 
so  many  papers,  of  such  varied  interest,  would 
obviously  be  futile.  We  confine  ourselves, 
therefore,  now  to  generalities,  and  may  take 
further  occasion  to  discuss  details.  In  the 
work  of  so  many  hands  we  may  naturally 
expect  to  find  diversities  of  treatment  and  dif- 
ferences of  opinion,  and  as  things  go  it  is 
desirable  it  should  be  so  in  order  that  matters 
may  be  looked  at  from  different  points  of  view, 
but  this  diversity  of  treatment  does  not,  in  our 
opinion,  absolve  the  editors  from  securing 
something  like  uniformity  of  method  if  not  of 
matter.  It  is,  for  instance,  of  little  practical 
consequence  whether  a  particular  tree  be 
assigned  to  the  genus  Abies  or  to  the  genus 
Picea.  There  is  plenty  of  evidence  in  favour 
of  either,  but  it  is  puzzling  and  vexatious  to  find 
when  the  editors  had  the  choice  of  either  that 
they  should  have  adopted  both.  Again  we  are 
told  that  Abies  canadensis  is  a  "  native  of  North 
America,"  and  A.  Douglasii  is  also  a  native  of 
"  North  America."  As  North  America  extends 
from  the  arctic  regions  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  statement  made  is  somewhat 
vague.  This  is  not  a  matter  of  minor  moment 
when  the  influence  of  climate  and  the  methods 
of  cultivation  are  considered.  Misprints  of 
botanical  names  and  information  taken  from 
second-hand  sources,  when  original  information 
was  or  might  have  been  at  hand,  are  matters 
which  may  be  condoned  ;  but  when  the  same 
tree  is  treated  of  under  two  different  names 
the  matter  is  of  more  consequence.  In  fact, 
much  of  the  matter  of  some  of  the  essays,  such 
as  those  on  the  management  of  forest  tree  nur- 
series, might  very  advantageously  have  been 
suppressed,  and  the  discussion  strictly  confined 
to  practical  matters  within  the  experience  of 
the  writers.  A  simple  reference  to  the  works 
where  authentic  information  on  the  botany  of 
the  subject  will  be  found  would  have  sufficed. 
As  it  is,  however,  the  essays  furnish  incontro- 
vertible proof  of  the  great  necessity  that  exists 
for  the  establishment  of  forest  schools. 

As  usual  in  such  publications,  the  practical 
portion  of  the  essays  is  in  advance  of  that  devoted 
to  first  principles,  but  even  in  the  more  strictly 
practical  portions  we  find  evidence  of  the  want  of 
that  strict  comparative  and  orderly  method,  and  of 
that  accurate  keeping  of  records  which  constitute 
the  essence  of  modern  forestry.  Maps  and  sur- 
veys, and  the  block  system  of  management,  are  re- 
commended, as  if  for  occasional  purposes,  and 
not,  as  they  should  be,  for  universal  employ. 
For  those  who  look  to  forestry  as  a  means  of 
relieving  agricultural  depression,  and  obtaining 
a  better  income  from  the  land,  we  commend  the 
statements  of  Mr.  David  Cannon.  "Taking 
into  acrount  (Mr.  CANNON  is  writing  of  Pine 
planting  in  sandy  wastes)  all  delays  and  disap- 
pointment encountered  during  the  work,  and 
the  difficulty  in  the  remote  and  poor  districts 
where  Pines  are  mostly  grown  of  disposing  to 
any  advantage  of  the  first  small  thinnings,  it  is 
improbable  that,  on  the  average,  any  proceeds 
worth  mentioning  can  be  got  before  twenty 
years  after  the  time  when  the  land  was  reserved 
for  afforesting.  Compound  interest  on  that 
period  amounts,  at  3  per  cent,  per  annum,  to 
80.5  per  cent.,  and  at  4  per  cent,  per  annum  to 
119  per  cent,  on  the  market  value  of  the  land. 
To  these  figures  must  be  added  the  yearly 
taxes  on  the  land,  and  the  expenses  of  keeping 
up  the  plantations  until  their  first  remunerative 
yield  with  compound  interest  from  the  succes- 
sive dates  at  which  this  expenditure  is  incurred. 


These  items  form  the  heaviest  part  of  the  cost, 
and  as  they  are  invariable,  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  they  are  the  same  for  a  bad  planta- 
tion as  for  a  good  one,  and  such  is  the  case 
with  fencing,  where  that  is  required.  The  mere 
work  of  planting  hardy  Pines  can  of  itself  be 
carried  out  at  a  comparatively  very  small  cost. 
From  these  consiJerations  we  may  draw  two 
important  lessons  : — First,  that  it  is  highly  im- 
prudent to  buy  land  or  to  sacrifice  rent  on  what 
one  already  possesses,  with  the  purpose  of 
planting  and  keeping  it,  without  being  certain 
of  being  able  to  sustain  such  a  large  loss  of 
income  without  inconvenience  ;  second,  that  it 
is  the  falsest  economy  to  buy  defective  plants, 
to  supply  defective  methods  of  planting,  or  to 
put  down  species  of  trees  not  perfectly  suited  to 
the  soil,  on  the  pretext  of  cheapness.  The 
heaviest  charges  on  planting,  as  in  agriculture, 
being  invariable,  the  only  way  of  making  our 
cultivation  pay  is  to  obtain  the  maximum  of  crop, 
which  can  only  be  got  on  land  regularly  covered 
with  vigorous  trees  of  the  sorts  best  adapted 
to  the  nature  of  the  soil.  In  afforestation  work, 
therefore,  though  strict  economy  should  be 
exercised  and  all  useless  expenditure  carefully 
avoided,  nothing  should  be  spared  that  is  really 
and  practically  required  for  the  success  of  the 
enterprise.''  The  whole  of  Mr.  Cannon's 
article  is  eminently  worth  reading  from  a 
practical  point  of  view,  though  we  may  say 
that  the  test  by  fire  that  he  relies  on  to  deter- 
mine the  quality  of  seed  certainly  does  not 
apply  to  all  cases,  while  Pinus  insignis  cannot 
be  recommended,  in  this  country,  as  resisting 
spring  frosts  unless  under  special  circumstances. 
The  article  on  the  Lacquer-tree  of  Japan  by 
Mr.  Hikorokuro  Yoshida  is  very  interesting, 
and  contains  much  information  of  a  novel  and 
heretofore  not  readily  accessible  kind.  The 
author /■«/(•/■  a//a  recommends  the  introduction 
of  Lacquer-trees  (Rhus  vernicifera)  into  Scot- 
land, where  the  climate  and  soil  are  well  fitted 
for  its  cultivation.  With  this  we  conclude  for 
the  present  our  notice  of  a  volume  which  on  the 
whole  is  of  very  great  interest  and  value. 


Proposed  Exhibition  of  Plums.— It  has 

been  suggested  that,  as  a  great  variety  of  Plums  are 
fruiting  this  season,  it  would  prove  extremely  interest- 
ing as  well  as  instructive  if  examples  of  as  many  sorts 
as  possible  could  be  sent  to  the  meetings  of  the  Fruit 
Committee  on  the  25ih  of  the  present  month,  and  on 
the  8lb  of  September  next.  An  excellent  opportunity 
would  thus  be  afforded  of  comparing  the  merits  of  the 
varieties  of  Plums  in  cultivation,  and  also  in  the  cor- 
rection of  their  nomenclature.  It  is  felt  that  many 
inferior  varieties  of  Plums  are  grown  throughout  the 
country,  whilst  many  new  and  greatly  improved  sorts 
are  comparatively  unknown.  Intending  exhibitors 
who  cannot  be  present  should  address  their  packages 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Fruit  Committee,  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  .South  Kensington,  taking  care 
that  their  packages  arrive  in  time.  The  carnage  of 
the  same  will  be  paid  by  the  Society.  It  is  very 
desirable  that  young  shoots  with  foliage  should  ac- 
company the  fruit,  so  as  to  facilitate  identification. 

Bulbs  in  the  Parks.— We  understand  that 

the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  have  this  year  ac- 
cepted the  tender  of  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria 
and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper  Holloway,  to  supply 
their  London  parks  with  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Nar- 
cissi, &c. 

The    "Inventories." — We     learn     that 

Messrs.  Foster  &  Pearson's  exhibit  of  plant-bouse, 
frame,  boiler,  &c. ,  at  the  Inventions  has  received  a 
Silver  Medal,  no  Gold  Medal  having  been  given  in 
this  section. 

Spanish  Botany. — With  the  tenth  part  the 

first  volume  of  Professor  Wilkomm's  lUustrationes 
Flora:  Hisjiani^c  is  completed.  The  text  is  written 
in  Spanish  and  in  French,  the  technical  descriptions 
in  Latin.  The  coloured  plates  are  remarkable  for 
their  strict  fidelity  to  Nature.  The  work  may  be  had 
from  Messrs.  Williams  &  Norgate. 


242 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18 


Flora  of  France.— M.   Baillon,   whose 

power  of  work  seems  to  exceed  that  of  most  mortals, 
is  now  issuing  a  series  of  small  coloured  plates  repre- 
senting the  wild  flowers  ol  France,  and  of  Paris  espe- 
cially. The  plates  are  intended  for  popular  use 
apparently,  but  are  ijetter,  both  in  execution  and 
letterpress,  than  anything  we  have  of  the  same  kind. 
The  work  is  published  in  packets,  each  containing 
ten  cards,  the  descriptive  letterpress  being  at  the  back. 
An  index  and  analytical  key  will  be  given  later  on. 
Messrs.  Williams  &  Norgate  are  the  English 
agents. 

RowE  Orphan  Fund. —We  have  received 

the  following  amounts,  collected  by  Mr.  C.  Or- 
chard, The  Leigh,  Coombe  Warren,  Kingston-on- 
Thames  :— C.  Orchard,  51.  ;  A  Friend,  2s.  dd.  j 
G.  Woodgate,  zs.  61I.  ;  J.  Puttock,  i^.  ;  W. 
Brown,  u.  ;  Quelch,  is.  ;  W.  Howard,  zs.  bj.  ; 
Jas.  Foster,  zs.  dd.  ;  —  Kent,  2j.  (>d.  ;  Geo.  Proffit, 
zs.  bd.  ;  Wm.  Rosier,  21.  ;  Geo.  Sheppard,  zs.  ; 
Wm.  Lane,  zs.  (sd.  ;  H.  Pinnock,  I.f.  ;  E.  S.,  Is.  ; 
total,  £1  lis.  6d.  .  Froni  E.  Williams,  zs.  6d.  A 
third  collection,  by  Mr.  George,  Putney,  is  as  fol- 
lows :— Mr.  Windsor,  Roehampton,  10s.;  Mr.  Mor- 
rison, Roehampton,  zs.  6d.;  Mr.  Wright,  Wimbledon 
Park,  Zs.;  Mr.  Grant,  Argjie  Lodge,  Wimbledon 
Common,  zs.  6d.     Total,  lys. 

CovENT    Garden    Market    v.    Asiatic 

Cholera.— The  following  letter  has  been  sent  us  for 
publication  : — 

"A  rumour  having  spread  in  London,  assisted  no 
doubt  by  a  statement  made  in  Parliament,  and  the 
cartoon  m  PunrA  of  the  I2lh  inst.,  alleging  that  Covent 
Garden  Market  is  in  a  dirty  state,  and  likely  to  promote 
an  outbreak  of  this  dreadful  epidemic.  I  beg  to  say  that 
both  statement  and  cartoon  are  incorrect,  as  the  market 
issucpt  clear  of  all  refuse  each  day.and  during  thesummer 
season  twice  daily,  the  refuse  being  at  once  carted  from  the 
market,  loaded  in  barges,  and  freighted  as  manure  ;  in 
fact  the  refuse  of  fruit  and  vegetables  is  cleared  from  the 
market  quite  as  soon  as  the  consumer  gets  the  sound 
goods  from  his  fruiterer.  Taking  into  consideration  that 
the  supply  is  now  ten  limes  as  much  as  it  was  ten  years 
since,  it  seems  a  wonder  how  this  large  quantity  of 
goods  can  be  placed  on  the  market,  sold  and  removed 
without  causing  serious  inconvenience  to  the  neighbour- 
hood. The  mirket  is  no  larger  now  than  it  was  fifty 
years  ago,  and  if  it  were  not  lor  the  admirable  manage- 
ment of  the  Duke  of  Bedi-ord's  agents,  it  would  be  im- 
possible lor  the  goods  to  be  delivered,  sold,  and  removed, 
as  they  now  are,  in  many  instances,  in  a  lew  hours.  In 
the  year  1832  a  rumour  was  started  in  London  warning 
people  against  eating  fruit  and  vegetables,  alleging  it  to 
be  the  means  of  inducing  and  spreading  Asiatic  cholera. 
The  result  of  this  rumour  was  ruin  to  several  fruit  and 
vegetable  growers,  and  the  matter  became  so  serious  that 
the  Market  Gardeners,  Nurserymen,  and  Farmers'  Asso- 
ciation were  compelled,  in  defence  of  the  trade,  to  obtain 
and  circulate  through  London  the  opinions  of  lorty-two 
of  the  leading  medical  men  of  that  date,  who  were 
unanimously  of  opinion  that  fniit  and  vegetable  diet 
would  not  in  any  way  promote  the  spread  of  cholera,  but 
by  keeping  the  blood  pure  it  would  do  much  to  prevent 
the  spread  of  the  epidemic. 

"  As  this  matter  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  fruit  and 
vegetable  growers,  I  have  felt  it  my  duty  to  contradict 
the  unfounded  rumour,  and  the  statement  as  made  in  the 
House  last  week,  and  I  shall  be  pleased  to  allow  any  of 
your  readers  to  inspect  the  copies  of  the  forty-two 
medical  opinions  as  given  in  1832.  Riclnrd  J  amis 
Sleet,  Secretary  to  the  Market  Gardeners,  Nurserymen, 
and  Farmers'  Association,  30,  Wellington  Street,  C\n'cnt 
Garden,   W.C." 

We  willingly  insert  our  correspondent's  letter,  and  we 
are  in  a  position  to  say  that  something  is  really  done 
to  keep  the  market  and  the  adjoining  streets  clean, 
but  that  the  measures  taken  are  generally  quite  inade- 
quate. Occasionally,  for  a  week  or  two,  an  access 
of  Dutch  cleanliness  leads  to  the  streets  being 
washed  by  a  hose  daily,  to  the  great  improvement 
of  the  streets  and  the  comfort  of  inhabitants  and 
passers-by.  This  we  believe  is  done  by  the  Local 
Board  of  Works,  and  we  most  earnestly  hope  that 
they  will  pursue  the  plan  daily  throughout  the  year. 
The  slush  in  wet  weather,  and  the  dust  and  decaying 
refuse  in  dry  weather,  are  alike  adapted  for  the  pro- 
pagation and  dissemination  of  germs,  but  it  does  not 
follow  that  those  germs  are  always  poisonous  ;  if  it 
were  so,  the  staff  of  this  journal  would  be  but  short- 
lived. If  fever  or  cholera  germs  were  present,  as  they 
may  be  any  day,  the  matter  would  become  more 
serious.  The  arrangements  for  the  spread  of  the  germs 
of  the  Potato  fungus  when  it  is  present  are,  as  we  have 


often  pointed  out,  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose. 
As  to  the  moderate  use  of  ripe,  wholesome  fruit,  it  is 
no  more  likely  to  cause  cholera  than  so  much  dry 
bread.  Common  sense,  prudence  as  to  clothing  and 
diet— especially  drink— and  strict  cleanliness,  are  the 
best  preventatives  that  individuals  can  adopt. 

Drought.— Our  friends  on  the  other  side  of 

the  Atlantic  have  had  a  dry  time  like  ourselves.  At 
Philadelphia,  where  the  usual  rainfall  for  June 
amounts  to  from  3  to  5  inches,  less  than  one  inch  fell, 
and  the  early  part  of  July  added  nothing  to  the  store. 

Cyananthus  lokatus.— Since  its  first  in- 
troduction in  1S45  this  charming  little  Campanulad 
has  probably  been  many  times  reintroduced,  as  it  has 
proved  very  troublesome  to  preserve  in  gardens 
generally.  There  is  a  beautiful  patch  of  it  in  the  new 
rockery  at  Kew,  in  a  sheltered  peat  bed.  It  is 
thoroughly  exposed,  but  gets  direct  sunshine  only  for 
the  first  part  of  the  day,  and  seems  perfectly  at  home, 
judging  from  the  number  of  flowers  in  all  stages  of 
development.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  the 
Botanical  Register,  1S47,  6,  and  the  older  botanists 
included  it  in  the  Polemonium  family,  from  which  it 
difters,  however,  in  the  usually  greater  number  of 
cells  to  the  ovary,  and  the  numerous  seeds.  The 
superior  ovary  is  rather  abnormal  in  the  order  to 
which  it  belongs.  The  calyx  is  densely  clothed 
with  black  hairs,  and  the  comparatively  large 
corolla  is  a  pleasing  pale  blue,  with  a  broad  nearly 
white  band  round  the  orifice,  heavily  bearded  with 
long  hairs,  forcibly  reminding  one  of  Menyanthes 
trifoliata.  There  are  half  a  dozen  known  species  in- 
habiting the  Himalayas,  some  of  which  are  annual, 
the  rest  perennial,  including  C.  incanus,  an  ex- 
tremely pretty  alpine,  but  rarer  than  C.  lobatus. 

Fruit  Crops  in  Bordeaux.— In  a  report 

on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Bordeaux  for  the  year 
1SS4  it  is  stated  that  the  crop  of  French,  or,  as  they 
are  generally  called.  Imperial  Plums,  was  a  good  one, 
both  in  quantity  and  quality,  but  the  demand  was 
smaller  than  usual,  especially  from  America,  and  the 
consequence  was  that  prices  were  very  low  — lower, 
indeed,  than  they  have  been  for  years.  The  Plums, 
which  are  exported  to  England  in  glass  bottles  or 
tins,  are  cured  and  packed  almost  exclusively  at  Bor- 
deaux itsell  by  several  English  firms  of  long  standing. 
For  exportation  to  America  the)  are  usually  packed 
in  wooden  boxes.  The  crop  of  Prunes  was  also  a 
good  one,  and  as  the  old  stock  of  the  preceding  year 
was  not  exhausted  when  the  formerappeared,thesupply 
exceeded  the  demand,  and  prices  were  accordingly  low. 
In  former  times  very  large  quantities  ol  Prunes  used 
to  be  shipped  from  Bordeaux  to  the  North  of  England, 
to  Northern  Europe,  and  to  Canada.  Of  late,  how- 
ever, the  competition  of  Bosnian  Plums  has  caused  a 
gradual  diminution  in  the  exportation  of  French 
Prunes.  Ol  '^Valnuts  the  quality  of  last  year's  crop 
is  said  to  have  been  very  superior,  though  the  quan- 
tity was  below  the  average.  The  chief  market  for 
French  Walnuts  was,  as  usual,  Germany,  the  demand 
from  England  and  America  being  smaller  than  usual. 
Regarding  forest  produce  it  seems  that  a  new  branch 
of  industry  has  arisen  which  has  attained  to  consider- 
able importance.  The  Pine  trees  (Pinus  Pinaster),  as 
is  well  known,  are  tapped  for  the  purpose  of  collect- 
ing the  turpentine,  and  from  this  a  new  lighting 
material  called  Pine  oil  is  made,  which  is  cheaper  than 
refined  petroleum,  while  it  burns  more  brightly,  and 
is  stated  to  be  entirely  free  from  explosive  properties. 
When  the  trees  are  tapped  carefully  the  wood  is  not 
injured  fo-  general  use,  but, on  the  contrary,  is  found 
to  be  even  better  fitted  for  certain  purposes,  such  as 
for  paper  making,  and  for  the  preparation  of  pyro- 
ligneous  acids, 

Seed  Adulteration.— The  Act  that  was 

passed  a  few  years  ago  does  not,  it  appears,  suffice  to 
entirely  prevent  the  evil  practices  of  seed-doctors, 
or  probably  the  fault  lies  with  those  who  should 
avail  themselves  of  its  provisions  and  do  not.  We 
have  before  us  samples  of  very  old  Trilolium  seed 
and  other  samples  of  the  same  seed  sulphured 
and  lepolished,  and  intended  presumably  for  mix- 
ing with  genuine  seed.  We  are  informed  thai 
as  it  is  requisite  to  wet  the  old  seed  to  enable  it 
to  take  up  the  sulphur  there  is  an  increase  of  weight 
of  about  20  per  cent.,  which  more  than  pays  all  the 
expense  of  the  operation.  The  value  of  the  old  seed, 
we  are   informed,   is  about  +;.    the  cwt.,  while  the 


,  doctored  seed  sells  for  20.t.  or  thereabouts  the  cwt. 
We  do  not  know  where  or  by  whom  this  bit  of  mean- 
ness is  perpetrated,  but  are  astonished  that  farmers 
do  not  if  not  taste  at  least  try  before  they  buy.  The 
much  derided  flower-pot  experiments  are  sufficient  to 
reveal  the  state  of  the  case,  for  on  trial  we  find  about 
23  per  cent,  of  failures  in  the  old  seed  as  against  go  per 
cent,  of  failures  in  the  doctored  seed. 

Utricularia   Endresii.— Few   species  of 

this  large,  extremely  variable,  and  most  interesting 
genus  of  plants  are  cultivated  in  gardens.  This  is  the 
more  remarkable,  seeing  how  easily  they  yield  to 
cultivation,  judging  from  those  few  species  intro- 
duced. Apart  altogether  from  the  interest  attached 
to  them  as  carnivorous  plants,  and  their  wonderful 
mode  of  action,  the  flowers  of  some  species  are  curious 
and  beautiful,  resembling  in  a  measure  some  of  the 
Orchids.  In  habit  the  species  under  notice  is  a  close 
ally  to  U.  montana,  and  has  linear  spathulate  leaves, 
bearing  its  comparatively  large  flowers  on  a  leafless 
scape;  the  two-lipped  calyx  is  green,  fading  to  white 
or  pink,  and  the  pale  violet-blue  corolla  fades  to  a 
lavender  colour  with  a  conspicuous  yellow  blotch  on 
the  palate.  It  is  a  native  of  Brazil,  and  forms  an 
excellent  subject  for  a  pot  or  basket,  preferably  the 
latter,  hung  up  against  the  glass.  It  associates  well 
with  Orchids,  and  a  specimen  has  been  flowering 
fir  some  time  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew.  This 
species  forms  the  subject  of  the  plate  6564  of  the 
Botanical  Magazine. 

Clove    Carnation,    Chiswick    Red. — 

Many  good  things  have  originated  at  Chiswick,  but 
one  ol  the  most  useful  is  Clove  Carnation,  Chiswick 
Red.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  brilliant  red  colour  and 
fine  rounded  petals,  its  freedom  of  bloom,  and  capital 
habit  of  growth.  It  has  the  good  qualities  the  florist 
requires,  and  its  habit  and  freedom  of  flowering  espe- 
cially suits  it  for  cultivation  by  those  who,  caring 
nothing  for  what  the  florist  requires,  wants  plenty  of 
pretty  bright-coloured  flowers.  Chiswick  Red  is 
in  all  probability  a  seedling  from  Coroner,  a  pretty 
rosy-crimson  coloured  Clove,  raised  also  at  Chiswick  ; 
also  of  good  petal,  a  Iree  grower,  and  profuse  of 
bloom.  Close  by  these  Mr.  Barros  has  several  beds 
of  named  varieties  of  Carnations  and  Picotees.  These 
plants  have  done  so  well  considering  the  dryness  of 
the  season,  that  they  serve  to  correct  a  prevalent  im- 
pression that  the  fine  named  varieties  of  Carnations 
and  Picotees  are  too  delicate  to  succeed  well  in  open 
ground.  This  is  a  great  mistake.  Only  plant  them 
in  suitable  soil,  and  give  them  proper  attention, 
and  the  fine  bizirre  and  flaked  Carnations  and  edged 
Picotees  will  be  found  to  be  admirable  border  flowers. 
But  to  have  them  up  to  the  mark  of  those  flowers 
shading,  and  the  intervention  of  the  dresser  is  neces- 
sary. 

Castilleja  indivisa. — It   is    a   matter   o( 

regret  that  this  curious  and  showy  plant  is  notsufli- 
ciently  hardy  to  withstand  the  severity  of  our  winters 
unprotected,  for  a  more  attractive  or  engaging  rock- 
plant  is  seldom  seen.  It  belongs  to  an  order  where 
we  should  little  expect  to  find  highly-coloured  and 
showy  bracts.  The  flowers  themselves  are  small, 
greenish-yellow,  inconspicuous  and  almost  concealed 
in  the  deep  carmine-red  bracts  of  the  inflorescence. 
The  nearest  allies  of  this  plant  amongst  the  British 
flora  are  Euphrasia  and  Bartsia,  where,  however,  we 
have  no  showy  floral  leaves ;  but  the  inconstancy  of 
this  character,  even  within  the  limits  of  the  same 
genus,  is  sufficiently  demonstrative  of  its  little  value 
from  a  classificatory  point  of  view.  For  mere  deco- 
rative purposes  it  might  be  used  in  various  ways,  and 
a  dry  sheltered  position  on  the  rockwork  would  meet 
most  of  its  requirements.  It  is  furthermore  suffi- 
ciently showy  to  warrant  its  being  raised  annually 
from  seed.  A  fine  clump  of  it  may  be  seen  in  the 
new  rockery  at  Kew,  and  the  species  is  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  I.  6376. 

German  Carnations.— A  small  group  of 

these,  originated  by  M.  Ernest  Benary,  of  Erfurt, 
Germany,  is  now  flowering  at  Chiswick  ;  and  it  can 
be  said  of  the  strain  that  the  plants  are  of  a  singularly 
vigorous  growth,  somewhat  dwarf  and  compact, 
and  decidedly  free  flowering.  The  leading  varieties 
are,  Anna  Benary,  white,  with  bright  rosy  pink 
stripes,  large,  full,  and  very  fine  flowers,  free  growth  ; 
Queen  Victoria,  crimson,  flaked  with  maroon,  good 
habit,  bold,  and  very  showy  ;  and  Emperor  William, 


August  22,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


243 


rosy-carmine,  margined  with  white,  veiy  distinct  and 
pretty.  This  variety  has  also  sported  to  a  very 
pretty,  bright,  pinkish-rose  stlf,  that  is  very  attrac- 
tive. M.  Bekary  terms  the  foregoing  his  Victoria 
Strain  of  Carnations.  They  are  quite  distinct  from 
any  of  our  ordinary  English  Carnations,  and  they  are 
well  deserving  of  being  grown  in  pots  for  conservatory 
and  house  decoration.  The  stout,  but  short  and 
compact  habit  of  growth  fits  them  for  this  purpose; 
and  there  need  be  no  difiiculty  in  increasing  s;. ecial 
varieties,  for  all  the  varieties  make  a  free  giowth  of 
grass  suitable  for  layers  and  pipings.  Now  that 
Carnations  are  being  so  much  grown  for  border  and 
cutting  purposes,  a  notice  ol  this  fine  German  strain 
will  not  be  out  of  place. 

Summary  of  Agriculturai,  Returns  of 

Great  Britain  tor  1SS5. — We  have  received 
rom  the  Agricultural  Department,  Privy  Council 
Office,  August  14,  the  following  statistics,  which  are 
of  cardinal  interest  to  the  cultivator.  The  returns 
were  collected  on  June  5,  in  the  year  1S83,  and  on 
June  4,  in  the  years  1SS4  and  18S5  :  — 


with  a  fine  strain  with  which  to  supply  their  cus- 
tomers ;  and  it  is  only  in  the  case  of  some  special 
results  that  they  venture  upon  a  name.  Is  a  blue- 
coloured  Begonia  possible  ?  In  looking  through  the 
Reading  collection,  magenta-coloured  flowers  taking 
on  shades  of  violet  are  distinctly  noticeable;  and  may 
not  these  become  the  progenitors  or  types  that  shall 
eventually  result  in  purely  blue  and  purple  flowers  ? 
As  variety  has  become  of  the  utmost  importance, 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  are  making  special  crosses, 
not  only  with  a  view  of  deepening  the  shades  of 
violet,  but  also  of  securing  other  combinations.  Al- 
ready flaked  and  Ricotee-edged  flowers  have  been 
produced  :  some  o(  the  latter  are  very  beautiful — 
such  as  sVlphur  edged  with  red,  and  white  deeply 
edged  with  pink  ;  pink  and  flesh-coloured  flowers  are 
distinctly  striped  and  flaked  with  rose.  In  fact,  who 
shall  attempt  to  limit  the  capacity  for  developing 
colours  found  in  the  tuberous-rooted  Begonia  ? 

Satyrium  coriifolium, — Notwithstanding 

the  many  terrestrial  Orchids  that  were  introduced 
many  years  ago,  comparatively  few  of  this  type  are 


2,975.381 
2.915.363 
2,940,680 


69,258 
71,314 


i       cr-p^;.,,!. 


6.597.854 


Sheep  and  Lambs. 


15.948,667 
10,384,863 
16,537,607 


9,119,604 
9,683,491 
9,997  028 


=.6>7.757 
2,584,39' 
2,403.380 


328,71 

or  5.2  per 

3 
cent 

152,744 
or  0.9  per  cent,  i   o 

313,537 
r  3.2  per  cent. 

466,28 
or  r.8  per 

"cent- 

or  —  per  cent. 

or  -  per 

cent. 

or  —  per  cent,  o 

—  per  cent. 

or --per 

cent. 

181,011 
or  7  per  cent. 

588,940 

r  3.7  per  cent. 


877,424 
r  9.6  per  cent. 


per  cent,     or  —  per  cent. 


TUBEfOUS-ROOTED  BeGONIAS  AT  READING. 

— Recently  ■  Messrs.  SuTTON  &  Sons  erected  on 
their  Portland  Nurseries,  at  Reading,  two  span- 
roofed  houses,  each  73  by  12  feet,  in  order  to  provide 
accommodation  for  the  increased  number  of  plants  of 
their  very  fine  strain  of  Begonias,  These  two  houses 
are  now  quite  full  of  plants  just  in  the  very  height  of 
their  beauty,  and  they  make  up  a  floral  display  of 
such  great  attractiveness  that  it  is  worth  a  long 
journey  to  see  them.  Many  of  them  are  the  finest 
selected  seedlings  of  last  year,  and  these  are  in  16  and 
24-sized  pots,  large  specimens,  as  finely  grown  as  they 
are  flowered  ;  perfect  in  habit  and  heads  of  bloom, 
A  considerable  number  are  seedlings  of  this  year, 
obtained  from  carefully  recorded  crosses,  and  flower- 
ing for  the  first  time.  What  strikes  one  on  entering 
these  houses  is  the  close,  short-jointed,  compact,  yet 
free  habit  of  these  plants,  resulting,  no  doubt,  in 
great  measure,  from  the  use  of  B,  Pearcei  in  the 
earlier  crosses— Messrs,  SuTTON  &  Sons  having 
from  the  commencement  made  habit  a  first  considera- 
tion. Then  as  to  the  flowers,  it  is  impossible  to 
praise  their  high  quality  too  highly.  They  are  not 
only  of  large  size,  stout  and  finely  formed,  but  they 
display  such  a  great  variety  of  colours,  from  the  purest 
white  to  the  richest  and  deepest  crimson.  I'articu- 
larly  striking  are  the  shades  of  cream,  primrose, 
yellow,  buff,  orange  and  apricot.  Many  deserve  to 
be  named,  but  once  this  commenced  it  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  stop.    Messrs  Sutton  &  Sons  are  contsnt 


cultivated  at  the  present  day.  The  species  of  Satyrium 
resemble  the  Disas  in  habit,  or  our  native  Ophrys, 
They  are  numerous,  and  vary  with  yellow,  orange, 
white,  pink,  green  and  purple  flowers,  and  are  remaik- 
able  for  the  two-spurred  or  two-saccate  labellum. 
The  species  under  notice  has  medium  sized  uniformly 
yellow  flowers,  produced  in  a  numerous  flowered 
spike,  terminating  stout  stems  about  a  foot  high.  A 
few  small  bract-like  leaves  clothe  the  very  base  of  the 
stem,  above  which  are  crowded  a  few  large  ovate 
leathery  ones,  spotted  or  maculated  at  the  base  with 
purple,  af:er  the  manner  of  some  species  of  Ifieman- 
thus  or  Eucomis.  The  re%t  pass  gradually  into  the 
bracts  of  the  inflorescence.  It  has  undivided  tuberous 
roots,  and  succeeds  with  the  same  treatment  given  to 
Disa,  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  the  Botanical 
Register^  703.  Although  introduced  as  early  as  1820, 
a  few  other  species  were  cultivated  nearly  a  hundred 
years  ago,  A  pan  of  .S,  coriifolium  has  been  flower- 
ing for  some  time  in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew. 

Nova  Scotia  Fruit  Crop, — "In  our  prin- 
cipal orchard  districts,"  writes  Dr,  Lawson,  "  the 
weather  that  has  prevailed  since  my  last  writing  has 
been  favourable  for  the  maturing  of  the  fruit.  The 
temperature  has  been  high,  rising,  on  warm  days,  to 
80°,  85°,  and,  on  one  occasion,  to  88  Fahr.  in  the 
shade.  But  we  have  had  a  good  deal  of  wet  weather 
also,  during  which  the  thermometer  has  run  down 
to  the  6o's.     The  rain  came  on  St.  Swithin's  Day, 


and  since  then  (in  accordance  with  the  popular  omen 
connected  with  the  name  of  the  good  old  Winchester 
bi-hop)  we  have  had  frequent  and  heavy  rains,  alter- 
n.iting  with  bright  sunshiny  days,  local  showers,  and 
coast  fogs.  The  reports  received  from  the  orchards 
are  less  favourable  than  those  previously  communi- 
cated to  you,  and  the  weather  is  not  sufficient  to 
account  for  the  difference.  I  presume  that  as  the 
fruit  swells,  and  is  being  more  narrowly  watched,  it 
is  now  seen  that  we  are  to  have  a  poorer  crop  than 
was  anticipated  some  weeks  ago,  Mr.  W.  V,  Vroom 
writes  from  Clement's  Port  that  in  Western  Anna- 
polis the  orchard  crops  are  almost  a  failure.  Non- 
pareils, Baldwins,  and  Bishop  Pippins  (Yellow  Keller 
fleur),  the  most  staple  kinds,  promising  a  very  small 
yield,  although  some  of  the  early  kinds  are  better  ; 
but  the  crop,  on  the  whole,  will  be  much  below 
average  in  that  district.  Pears  and  Plums  (only  par- 
tially grown)  give  better  promise.  Mr.  A,  B.  Parker, 
South  Farmington,  also  in  Annapolis  County,  reports 
in  similar  terms  that  the  orchard  prospects  are  not  in 
general  promising  by  any  means — below  average,  eveii 
for  a  short  year.  From  King's  County,  however, 
where  the  orchards  are  very  extensive,  more  encou- 
raging reports  are  being  received." 

Edward  von  Regel. — The  71st  birthday  of 

I-i,-.  Regei,,  the  Directoy  of  the  Imperi.-il  Botanic 
Garden  at  St.  Petersburg,  was  celebrated  on  August  13, 
As  a  mark  of  esteem. and  recognition  ol  his  long  and 
eminent  services  to  botany  and  horticulture,  several 
of  his  friends  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunity  of 
presenting  Dr,  Regel  with  a  silver  dinner-service 
for  twenty-four  persons,  and  an  illuminated  address 
from  the  pen  of  Dr,  Boi.LE  of  Berlin,  Dr,  vON 
Regel  is  one  of  the  few  who,  beginning  as  a  garden 
apprentice,  has  raised  himself  by  his  energy  and  merit 
to  the  dignity  of  "Excellency,"  and  the  title  of 
"  von,"  though  his  modesty  often  forbids  his  making 
use  of  the  nobiliary  particle.  Our  readers  are  familiar 
with  the  services  rendered  by  Edward  von  Regel 
and  his  son  Dr.  Albert  von  Kegel,  and  they  will 
heartily  sympathise  with  the  spirit  of  the  demonstra- 
tion in  honour  of  the  Director  of  the  Imperial  Botanic 
Garden, 

CKvrTOGAMic    Society    of   Scotland. — 

The  eleventh  annual  conference  of  this  Society  will 
be  held  on  the  island  of  Arran  on  September  29  and 
30,  and  October  I  next.  Circumstances  have  pre- 
vented the  meeting  taking  place  at  Inverness,  as  pro- 
posed, and  as  it  is  contemplated  the  Society  should 
meet  at  Aberdeen  in  1SS6  the  Council  have  deter- 
mined that  the  Conference  should  be  held  at  Arran 
this  year.  Further  particulars  may  be  learned  on 
application  to  the  Secretary,  the  Rev,  John  Steven- 
son, Glamis,  Forfarshire, 

Map  of  London.— Messrs,   Letts  &  Co. 

have  published  an  excursioni.si's  map  of  London, 
which  will  be  very  useful  to  the  visitor  to  the  metro- 
polis. The  principal  feature  of  the  map  is  that  all 
unimportant  detail  is  omitted,  and  only  th.-it  which  a 
visitor  wants  to  know  is  given — viz.,  the  places  of 
amusement,  public  buildings,  &c.,  with  the  principal 
streets  and  railways  leading  thereto, 

Prosopis  juliflora,  known  in  Jamaica  as 

Cashau,  is  (says  Mr,  Morris)  an  admirable  tree 
(oden  attaining  a  height  of  40  to  60  feel)  to  grow  in 
dry  gravelly  soil,  and  in  situations  where  rain  does 
not  fall  for  months  together.  It  is  fast-groA-ing  ;  the 
limber  is  excessively  hard  and  remarkably  durable. 
It  is  used  for  making  knees  of  boats  and  all  work 
requiring  strength  and  tenacity.  Posts  of  Cashau 
in  wire  fences  last  longer  than  any  others,  and 
ate  in  great  request  for  that  purpose,  Kingston  is 
supplied  annually  with  hundreds  of  tons  of  Cashau, 
which  is  the  only  firewood  immediately  accessible. 
The  pods  are  of  a  sweetish  succulent  character, 
eagerly  sought  for  by  cattle  ;  indeed,  in  some  parts  of 
the  island  during  droughts  they  subsist  largely  on 
them.  For  horses  and  mules  the  pods  are  also  admir- 
able food,  but  it  is  very  undesirable  to  allow  them  to 
feed  upon  the  pods  immediately  after  they  have  been 
exposed  to  rain,  as  ill  elTects  have  been  known  to 
arise  from  the  partially  germinated  seed  being  taken 
into  the  stomach,  causing  great  pain  and  not  unfre- 
quent  death, 

Gardening  Appointments.— W.  J.  MiL- 

ciiiso.v,  lite  Foreman  at  Ivilkea  Castle,  Mageney,  as 
Gardener  to  Mr,  Smith,  Clonard,  Dundrum,  Co, 
Dublin.— iNIr,  William  Byron,  Foreman  to  Mr, 
John  M,  Thomson,  Gardener  to  his  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Grafton,  K.G.,  Wakefield,  Stony  Strat- 
ford, Bucks,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to 
Thomas  Eyrk,  Esq.,  Thorplee,  Egham,  Surrey. 


244 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885. 


WREST  PARK,  BEDFORDSHIRE. 

Having  heard  of  this  fine  place,  and  being  lately 
in  the  neighbourhood,  I  determined  to  avail  myself 
of  the  chance  of  a  personal  inspection,  which, 
through. the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Ford  I  was  enabled 
to  obtain,  and  derived  great  pleasure  from  my 
visit.  The  mansion,  which  was  built  in  1836  by 
Earl  de  Grey,  uncle  to  the  present  Earl  Cow^er, 
IS  approached  from  the  village  of  Silsoe  through 
a  magnificent  avenue  of  Elms  and  Chestnuts  in 
four  rows,  the  former  occupying  the  two  central 
rows,  and  the  latter  the  outside.  Being  planted  a 
good  distance  apart,  the  limbs  of  the  Elms  do  not 
interlace  for  a  considerable  height,  and  this  is 
done  in  such  easy  and  regular  curves  that  looking 
up  at  it  gives  one  the  idea  of  looking  at  the 
rafters  and  beams  of  a  huge  church.  Several  other 
avenues  occur  in  the  grounds,  but  this  is  certainly 
the  finest,  although  another  one  of  Limes,  about 
a  mile  in  length,  planted  in  the  reign  and  in  honour 
of  William  III.,  is  very  fine.  In  close  proximity  to 
the  mansion  are  two  flower  gardens,  one  laid  out  in 
the  Italian  style,  with  Box  outlines,  the  centres  of  the 
numerous  beds  being  planted  with  ordinary  dwarf  bed- 
ding  stuff,  presenting,  on  the  whole,  a  rather  unusual, 
though  very  pleasing  appearance  ;  the  other  is  of  more 
simple  design,  the  beds  being  large,  and  consequently 
have  a  more  massive  appearance  ;  both,  however 
are  planted  with  great  taste.  The  view  from  the  front 
of  the  mansion  is  very  fine,  embracing  the  Italian 
flower  garden,  spacious  lawns,  dotted  with  specimen 
trees,  mostly  of  a  deciduous  character,  interspersed 
with  ornamental  fountain  and  lakes,  with  a  large 
pagoda  in  the  distance.  The  fountain,  we  may  men- 
tain,  IS,  when  playing,  fed  from  the  top  of  the 
mansion,  where  the  water  is  pumped  from  a  tank  fed 
by  a  "  ram  "  by  an  engine. 

Various  objects  of  interest  are  to  be  found  in  the 
pleasure  grounds,  which  are  120  acres  in  extent,  and 
are  beautifully  kept,  but  a  description  of  all  would 
occupy  too  much  space,  so  a  short  notice  of  them  must 
suffice.  A  great  many  monuments  and  memorial 
slabs  are  erected  to  the  memory  of  various  celebrities 
who  have  planned  and  taken  an  interest  in  the 
grounds,  also  several  statues,  which  are  not  arranged 
with  the  usual  geometrical  precision,  but  are  dis- 
covered in  most  unexpected  nooks  and  crannies. 
Besides  the  objects  above-named  are  several  "  altars," 
with  suitable  inscriptions,  one  with  ancient  Greek 
and  Arabic  inscriptions.  In  a  sheltered  nook  one 
comes  unexpectedly  on  a  burial  ground,  set  apart 
as  the  last  resting-place  of  the  favourite  dogs  that 
have  ended  their  days  in  the  service  of  the  owners 
of  the  beautiful  grounds,  where  they  now  lie  • 
each  one  is  "honoured"  with  a  stone,  giving 
its  name  and  other  details.  The  wooded  part  of 
the  grounds  is  intersected  with  walks,  which,  how- 
ever, are  seen  but  "one  at  a  time,"  owing  to  the 
luxuriant  under-growth  and  grand  Box  and  Vew  trees 
with  which  they  are  edged.  These  walks  are  so 
arranged  that  at  almost  every  turn  a  new  scene 
strikes  the  eye,  the  arrangements  of  foliage  and 
water_  being  particularly  noticeable;  at  one  time 
a  still  lake,  surrounded  with  sombre  Vews,  &c 
suggests  to  the  mind  visions  of  Eugene  Aram  which 
are  quickly  dispelled  by  a  sparkling  stream,  rustling 
Willows,  &c.,  made  lively  by  the  movements  of 
numerous  waterfowl,  and  also  by  the  presence  of  that 
most  lovely  of  English  birds,  the  kingfisher,  which  here 
seems  less  shy  and  retiring  than  is  usually  the  case. 
Another  interesting  feature  in  the  pleasure  ground  is  a 
rustic  cottage,  built  by  Earl  de  Grey  for  his  grand- 
children, in  1S56,  which  is  fitted  up  with  kitchen,  scul- 
lery, sitting-rooms,  &c.,  and  also  a  workshop;  also  a 
most  complicated  and  novel  sundial,  for  ascertaining 
the  time  in  numerous  parts  of  the  world  and  other 
matters.  On  one  of  the  large  lawns,  which  originally 
was  the  site  o(  the  old  mansion,  a  curious  result  of  the 
i^ecent  drought  is  observable,  the  foundations  being 
distinctly  marked  by  the  brown  dried  grass.  An 
American  garden  is  another  pleasing  feature  in 
Its  proper  season.  One  of  -the  most  delightful 
spots  to  my  mind  was  a  wild  fernery,  in  a 
dense  part  of  the  wood,  and  where  the  Osmunda 
regalis,  various  forms  of  Athyrium  Filix-fosmina  and 
A.  Filix  mas,  and  large  masses  of  several  varieties  of 
Scolopendrium  vulgare>nd  Polypodium  vulgare  were 
luxuriating  around  a  miniature  lake.  Various  trees 
thrive  remarkably  well,  particularly  the  Vew,  of 
which  there  are  numerous  ancient  specimens,  some 
being   cut   into  various  grotesque  shapes,  and  others 


forming  a  massive  hedge  over  20  feet  high,  which  has 
been  planted  over  300  years  ;  a  good  specimen  of 
the  Silver  Fir  about  100  feet  high  ;  also  some  Cedars 
of  Lebanon,  and  a  magnificent  Beech,  II  feet  in 
circumference  at  4  feet  from  the  ground,  and  having  a 
beautiful  clean  stem  of  great  length. 

The  largest  glass  structure  is  an  orangery  105  ■; 
36  feet,  which  was  built  by  Earl  de  Grey  for  the 
reception  of  Orange  trees  bought  at  the  sale  of 
the  last  King  of  France,  most  of  which  are  Sevilles, 
and  are  carrying  a  nice  even  crop.  Next  to  it, 
in  point  of  size,  is  the  conservatory,  built  against 
the  mansion,  which  contains  some  fine  climbers  of 
various  varieties  of  Habrothamnus,  Tacsonia,  Cle- 
matis, &c.  We  were  not  fortunate  enough  to  see  this 
house  at  its  best,  as  the  family  was  from  home  ;  but, 
judging  from  the  fine  lot  of  decorative  stuff  in  prepa- 
ration for  it,  it  must  present  a  fine  appearance  when 
staged  properly.  The  other  houses  are  mostly  small, 
though  in  good  repair,  and  filled  with  highly  credit- 
able examples,  the  vineries,  Peach-houses,  Fig- 
houses,  &c.,  all  being  well  cropped  with  excellent 
fruit  and  very  clean  ;  the  other  houses  are  mostly 
used  for  decorative  stuff.  The  kitchen  garden  was 
in  excellent  order,  and  consists,  together  with  the 
fruit  garden,  of  5  acres.  The  fruit  trees,  on  the  whole, 
were  carrying  good  crops,  though  somewhat  blighted 
with  the  drought.  We  must  not  forget  to  mention 
the  excellent  fruit-room,  where  we  saw  Apples  of 
18S3,  but  these  were  decidedly  "  past  their  best  ;  " 
not  so,  however,  was  a  Ribston  Pippin  of  1SS4, 
which  we  greatly  enjoyed. 


PROLIFEROUS     FERN. 

Appended  I  send  you  a  sketch  (fig.  52)  of  a  variety 
of  the  Lady  Fern  which  has  produced  two  little  plants 


FlC.    52. — AD\-HNTrTIOLtS    nun  ON   ROOT  OF 


from  true  root-buds  at  some  distance  from  the  caudex, 
which  for  some,  to  me,  inexplicable  reason,  all  con- 
ditions being  apparently  favourable,  has  remained 
dormant  until  now.  As  far  as  I  know,  Athyrium 
Filix-fcemina  is  not  recorded  as  productive  of  buds 
of  this  description,  and  it  would  be  interesting  to 
know  whether  other  instances  have  come  under  the 
notice  of  the  readers]  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
The  buds,  in  my  belief,  constitute  another  new 
form  of  reproduction  of  A.  F.-f.,  which  can 
thus  be  multiplied  : — I,  By  spores  ;  2,  by  apospory 
(A.  F.-f.  clarissima)  ;  3,  by  buds  on  the  upper  sur- 
face on  the  axil  of  the  pinnae  (A,  F.-f.  uncum  crista- 
tum)  ;  4,  by  buds  on  the  under-surface  of  the  pinns 
occupying  the  place  of  sori  (A.  F.-f.  plumosumdivari- 
catum)  ;  5,  by  buds  which  develope  upon  cuttings  of 
the  bases  of  dead  fronds  in  the  same  manner  as  is 
recorded  of  Scolopendrium  vulgare  (A.  F.-f.  corymbT- 
ferum,  Jumes)  ;  6,  by  buds  developed  upon  the  root- 
fibres,  whicl.  link  the  Athyrium  with  the  stoloniferous 
Ferns  (A.  F.-f.  Frizellis  ramosum  nanum).  The 
plant  itself  I  cannot  send,  as  I  wish  to  raise  the  pro- 
geny. Mr.  T.  Moore  has,  however,  seen  it.  Chas. 
Druery,  F.L.S. 


ALSTROMERIAS. 

Dry  and  trying  as  the  weather  has  been  for  most 
plants  Alstromerias  seem  unaffected  by  the  heat  and 
absence  of  rain,  and  appear  rather  to  have  liked  it, 
as  I  have  never  seen  them  better,  for  they  have  been 
full  of  flower,  and  have  made  a  grand  show  ;  but 
though  they  are  so  good  and  useful  in  beds  or  borders 
or  for  cutting  to  dress  in  vases,  they  are  seldom  seen 
in  gardens,  and  yet  there  are  few  things  to  equal  them 
when  they  do  well.  To  have  them  in  this  desirable 
condition  it  is  necessary  to  sow  or  plant  them  in  a 


warm  sheltered  spot,  a  border  facing  south  under  a 
wall  or  house  being  the  best  situation  for  them,  and 
there  the  soil  should  be  light  and  loose  with  free 
drainage  or  the  tubers  will  die  by  rotting  off  in  the 
winter.  The  way  to  start  with  them  is  to  trench  the 
ground  deep  and  work  in  some  sand  and  leaf-mould, 
after  which  the  seed  may  be  sown  in  it  or  the  plants 
raised  in  pots  and  then  planted  out  just  as  they  are 
in  the  spring,  the  latter  being  perhaps  the  better  plan, 
as  then  there  is  no  fear  of  losing  them  through  frost, 
which  is  apt  to  kill  them  before  they  have  time  to  get 
down,  but  with  a  few  months  start  they  are  able  to 
take  care  of  themselves.  As  we  shall  have  a  quantity 
of  seed  soon  ripe  that  will  be  wasted  I  shall  have 
pleasure  in  sending  any  one  some  who  will  forward 
stamped  and  addressed  envelope  to  me  by  the  end  of 
this  month.  J.  Shepp:ird,   IFooherslane,  Ipwic/i. 


NATURE    IN    GARDENS. 

As  one  of  those  who  think  artificiality  might  with 
advantage  be  excluded  from  gardens  perhaps  you  will 
allow  me  space  for  a  few  remarks.  The  mistake 
made  by  all  who  attempt  to  defend  artificial  arrange- 
ments in  gardens  on  the  ground  that  they  are  artistic 
is  imagining  that  true  Art  can  ever  be  in  any  way 
antagonistic  to  Nature.  So  far  as  Art  deals  with 
forms  and  colours  it  is  high  and  true  Art  when  it  re- 
presents and  expresses  the  highest  things  in  Nature 
truthfully  ;  it  is  mediocre  and  commonplace  Art  when 
it  represents  only  those  things  which  the  untrained 
mind  and  eye  can  see  ;  it  is  low  and  bad  Art  when  it 
substitutes  for  the  truths  of  Nature,  falsehoods  and 
vulgar  human  inventions.  As  Art  can  never  be  any- 
thing else  but  a  representation  of  Nature,  in  presence 
of  Nature  it  has  no  place.  Art  therefore  can  only 
come  into  gardens  as  a  humble  handmaid  to  help 
Nature  to  be  herself.  What  is  antagonistic  to  Nature 
in  gardens  is  artificiality,  which  is  the  antipodes  of  Art. 
Art  is  and  always  has  been  the  expression  of  man's 
delight  in  and  reverence  for  the  beauty  of  Nature  : 
artificiality  in  dealing  with  the  beauty  of  Nature  is 
always  the  expression  of  blindness  or  indifference  to 
that  beauty.  Our  gardens  are  of  necessity  artificial 
because  we  grow  in  them  plants  from  all  available 
regions,  and  the  only  Art  that  is  properly  and  legiti- 
mately admissible  in  them  is  just  what  will  hide  that 
artificiality  and  enable  us  to  preserve  every  line  and 
form  and  habit  of  the  plants  in  a  state  of  Nature,  so 
that  we  may  preserve  and  enjoy  every  atom  of  their 
beauty.  The  present,  or  rather  the  past  style  of  gar- 
dening came  in  just  when  public  taste  in  this  country 
had  reached  a  depth  of  degradation  never  existing 
even  amongst  the  least  intelligent  savages,  even  the 
South  Sea.Islanders  tattooing  and  the  carving  of  their 
war  implements  being  beauty  and  good  taste  com- 
pared with  the  domestic  furniture  and  ornaments  in 
vogue  between  1850  and  1S60. 

The  Art  education  which  has  been  going  on 
since  then  has  created  a  revolution  in  taste  which 
only  those  conversant  with  the  matter  would  believe, 
50  that  what  would  have  been  considered  good  taste 
when  many  of  our  gardens  were  laid  out  is  seen  to  be 
utter  absurdity  now. 

Where  our  garden  designers  have  gone  so  absurdly 
wrong  for  the  last  thirty  years  is  in  laying-out  gardens 
without  the  slightest  regard  to  the  requirements  of  the 
plants  which  were  to  grow  in  them,  and  arranging  the 
flower  beds  solidly  and  permanently  to  suit  what 
should  have  been  seen  to  be  a  mere  passing  fashion. 
Take  the  part  of  Hyde  Park  round  the  Albert  Me- 
morial, for  instance.  The  soil  is  dry,  and  all  flower- 
beds should  have  been  level,  so  that  they  could  have 
been  flooded  without  trouble.  Now  a  series  of  literal 
cinder  heaps  has  been  made  in  which  everything 
starves.  Gravel  walks  are  artificial  necessities,  but 
there  is  no  beauty  in  them  ;  therefore  they  should  be 
strictly  confined  to  what  are  necessary. 

Then  on  what  principle  of  either  Nature  or  Art 
can  geometric  bedding  be  defended  ?  Nature  has 
nothing  to  do  with  it,  because  she  is  contradicted  at 
every  attempt  to  develope  the  native  beauty  of  the 
plants.  Art  abhors  it,  because  it  places  a  hideous 
disfigurement  in  just  those  prominent  places  of  a 
garden  where  all  the  choicest  and  most  beautiful 
flowers  should  be.  Good  taste  condemns  it  because 
the  colouring  is  a  disgrace  to  civilised  beings  ; 
common  sense  condemns  it  because  the  plants  used 
for  it  require  to  be  kept  under  glass  all  winter,  and 
are  only  available  during  a  few  months  in  summer  ; 
reason  and  intelligence  condemn  it  because  it  substi- 
tutes a  few  exotics,  mostly  pinched  and  clipped  out 


August  22,  1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


245 


of  all  recognition  for  the  multitudes  of  beautiful 
plants  which  will  live  with  us  the  year  round  and  give 
us  a  continual  succession  of  grace,  beauty,  and  variety 
— from  Iris  stylosa  in  January  to  the  Christmas  Rose  in 
December. 

What  possible  argument  having  even  a  grain  of 
plausibility  in  it  can  be  used  for  any  style  of  garden 
decoration  which  tells  us  we  must  have  no  Pansies, 
Hepaticas,  Anemones,  Irises,  Columbines,  Phloxes, 
Hollyhocks,  Lilies,  Pinks,  Pentstemons,  Stocks, 
Carnations,  Primulas,  Polyanthuses,  Daffodils,  Pyre- 
thrums,  florists'  and  Parrot  Tulips,  Scillas,  Ranun- 
culuses, Globe  Flowers,  Poppies,  Delphiniums,  Tigri- 
dias,  Hellebores,  Campanulas,  and  all  the  hundreds 
of  other  beautiful  things,  but  only  a  few  continuous 
blooming  plants ;  which  vetos  bush  Roses  and 
climbers  in  arches  and  arbours  ;  which  tells  us  we 
must  have  nothing  near  the  house  but  pinched  and 
clipped  geometry,  and  just  about  as  much  of  plant 
beauty  as  could  easily  be  matched  by  filling  the  beds 
with  tinsel  paper  and  coloured  rags.  What  is  wanted 
in  gardens  is  great  beds  of  hardy  plants  arranged  so  as 
to  give  a  long  succession  of  flowers,  and  grouped  as  an 
artist  would  group  them.  Such  groupings  are  of  the 
easiest  possible  attainment,  all  that  is  required  is  that 
professional  gardeners  shall  learn  to  grow  hardy 
flowering  plants  at  least  as  well  as  an  average  garden- 
ing amateur.  Half  hardy  and  tender  plants  need  not 
be  excluded,  but  should  be  used  as  auxiliaries.  Close 
to  the  house  may  nestle  Primroses  and  Primulas. 
Christmas  Roses  and  other  flowers  which  gladden  the 
winter  and  early  spring  days,  so  that  they  may  be  seen 
from  the  windows  of  the  house,  while  the  flowers  of 
late  spring  and  summer  may  be  placed  further  away. 
Then  what  beauty  there  might  be  in  shrubberies  if 
deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  were  planted  sparsely  and 
in  clumps,  and,  no  single  fallen  leaf  ever  disturbed,  a 
deep  bed  of  leaf-mould  would  in  a  few  years  accu- 
mulate, in  which  the  American  Wood  Lily  and  May 
Flower,  the  beautiful  Cypripediums,  nearly  all  the 
Lilies,  the  Anemones,  the  hardy  Primulas,  our  pretty 
native  Orchids,  and  many  other  beautiful  things 
would  live  and  thrive  year  after  year  with  no  trouble 
except  hand-weeding. 

The  one  way  in  gardening — is  follow  Nature,  avoid 
everything  artificial,  strive  to  produce  variety  ;  follow 
Nature  in  the  cultivation  of  the  plants  grown,  and 
every  year's  experience  will  open  up  fresh  possibilities 
of  beauty,  until  our  gardens  will.become  what  we  have 
at  present  but  little  conception  of.  Every  one  who 
has  tried  it  knows  that  hardy  flowering  plants  are 
capable  of  producing  such  a  fairyland  of  floral  beauty 
that  those  who  are  satisfied  with  bedding  are  ever 
afterwards  regarded  as  we  regard  Bunyan's  man  with 
the  muck- rake  in  the  Pilgrim's  Progress.  J.  D.  D. 


CORN      MILDEW. 

PucciNiA  GRA.MINIS,  Pers. — The  accompanying 
illustration  (fig.  53),  engraved  from  Nature,  and 
enlarged  400  diameters,  shows  the  resting-spores 
of  the  fungus  of  Corn  Mildew,  Puccinia  graminis, 
Pers.,  growing  within  the  membranes  of  the  fruit 
or  grain  of  Oats.  Four  resting-spores  are  shown, 
each  furnished  with  the  characteristic  joint  across 
the  shorter  diameter  and  supported  upon  their 
stalks  or  peduncles,  which  arise  from  an  involved 
mass  of  mycelium,  or  spawn,  entirely  within  the  sub- 
stance of  the  grain.  The  fungus  is  growing  in  com- 
pany with  the  fungus  of  "  Smut  "  of  corn,  Ustilago 
carbo,  Tulasne,  and  the  small  circular, bodies  towards 
the  top  of  the  illustration  near  E  are  "  Smut  "  spores. 

The  squarish  cells  at  A  belong  to  the  outer  mem- 
brane of  the  grain  in  the  Oat  ;  at  B  the  basal  part  of  a 
hair  is  shown  springing  from  one  of  these  cells.  The 
long  flat  cells  at  c  belong  to  the  inner  membrane.  The 
seven  deeply  shaded  cells  at  D  (above  c),  are  the 
gluten  cells  containing  the  flesh  forming  material  of 
corn,  the  curved  lines  at  the  top  of  the  illustration,  at  E, 
belong  to  the  bases  of  the  starch  cells,  the  contents  of 
which  produce  heat  and  fat  in  animals.  It  will  be 
seen  that  both  fungi  are  growing  between  the  gluten 
and  starch-containing  cells,  and  these  cells  they  have 
pushed  apart. 

The  illustration  now  given  has  been  engraved  for 
more  than  a  year,  it  was  taken  from  material  I  was 
working  with  in  June,  1884,  and  the  block  was  too 
late  for  insertion  in  my  little  book  on  the  Diseases  of 
Field  and  Garden  Crops.  At  that  time  I  was  examin- 
ing corn  in  an  attempt  to  trace  the  very  earliest  stages 
of  growth  of  the  ".Smut  "  fungus  in  corn  stems.     On 


cutting  slices  of  the  grains  of  young  Oats  the  Puccinia 
came  to  light  growing  in  company  with  the  young 
Smut  or  Ustilago.  I  took  pains  to  assure  myself  that 
neither  fungi  had  grown  from  the  outside  inwards, 
but  that  both  entirely  belonged  to  the  inside  of  the 
grain.  The  Ustilago  always  grows  entirely  within 
the  host  plant,  till  it  at  length  bursts  through  the 
membranes  of  the  grain.  No  Puccinia  was  growing 
on  the  Oats,  but  early  "Rust,"  or  Uredo  pustules, 
were  present  on  the  leaves.  The  mycelium  of  the 
mildew  had  grown  in  one  involved  mass  with  the 
mycelium  of  the  Smut,  and  both  had  fruited  together 
within  the  membranes  of  the  grain. 

The  example  shows  that  not  only  the  spawn-threads 
but  the  resting-spores  of  Corn  Mildew  can  be,  and 
sometimes  do  exist  within  the  grains  of  corn  when  the 
corn  is  planted,  that  the  fungus-spores  germinate  at 
the  same  time  as  the  grain,  and  that  the  disease  can 


<9^^kffk-bU'n  \ 


I 


iii 


I 


i' 


Fig.    53. — PUCCINIA    GRAMIN 


be,  and  potentially  is,  hereditary.  It  also  shows  that 
the  intervention  of  a  Barberry  bush  is  unnecessary  ;  in 
fact,  in  this  district  there  are  no  Barberry  bushes,  and 
if  there  were  it  would  not'tell  in  favour  of  a  connection 
between  Barberry  blight  and  corn  mildew,  for  there  is 
always  an  abundance  of  Uredo  on  the  corn  before 
Barberry  bushes  ever  come  into  leaf.  Professor  Far- 
low  has  indicated  that  a  similar  discrepancy  occurs 
in  America  with  certain  species  of  fungi  allied  to  Corn 
Mildew,  which  have  been  suppositiously  connected 
with  other  species  of  fungi  allied  to  the  fungus  of  Bar- 
berry blight. 

In  the  district  where  I  write — Dunstable — mildew- 
infested  straw  is  always  on  the  fields  :  it  Is  thrown 
on  with  the  dung  at  all  seasons,  either  for  corn. 
Clover,  Turnips,  or  other  crops.  The  heaps  of 
mildewed  straw  and  dung  are  always  by  the  hedge- 
sides,  and  it  is  from  these  places  by  the  hedge-sides, 
where  the  dung  has  lain,  that  mildew  on  the  corn  is 


always  seen  at  its  worst.  It  does  not  extend  here 
"  like  the  tail  of  a  comet  "  from  a  Barberry  bush,  but 
from  the  dung  heaps  adjoining  bushes  of  all  sorts 
except  the  Barberry.     We  have  no  Barberries. 

It  would  appear  that  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Vize,  of 
Forden,  Welshpool,  was  the  first  person  to  see,  but 
not  recognise,  Puccinia  graminis,  Pers.,  growing 
within  the  membranes  of  the  grain  in  corn,  for  one 
of  Mr.  Vize's  preparations  sent  to  me  before  my  en- 
graving or  observations  were  made,  shows  this 
growth.  Mr.  Vize,  however,  had  labelled  his  slide 
"Diplodia," — he  thought  the  brown  septate  spores 
within  the  grain  belonged  to  this  genus.  As  fungi 
belonging  to  "  Diplodia  "  are  found  everywhere,  and 
are,  moreover,  perhaps,  the  most  contemptible  of  all 
so-called  "species"  of  fungi,  I  placed  the  slide  aside 
unheeded  with  other  species  of  "  Diplodia."  It  was 
not  till  lately  that  I  recognised  the  true  nature  of  the 
growth  seen  by  Mr.  \'ize,  and  on  writing  to  that  gen- 
tleman informing  him  of  the  fact  of  his  "  Diplodia  " 
being  really  Puccinia  graminis  ;  he  replied  that  my  in- 
formation was  new  to  him,  and  that  he  had  overlooked 
the  value  of  his  own  materials. 

The  publication  of  the  illustration  has  been  in  part 
delayed  from  hesitation,  and  from  my  uncer- 
tainty as  to  the  correct  number  and  nature  of  the 
membranes  in  the  grain  of^corn.  I  have,  in  fact,  been 
unable  to  trust  my  own  eyes.  The  Rev.  George 
llenslow  has  published  an  elaborate  engraving  of  the 
grain,  in  which  five  membranes  or  skins  are  illus- 
trated and  described  ;  whilst  Professor  A.  H.  Church, 
in  his  "  Science  Handbook  "  for  the  Food  Collection 
now  at  Bethnal  Green  Museum,  says  there  are  six, 
and  adds  {p.  61),  "  the  outermost  coat  of  the  above- 
named  six  coats  is  the  least  valuable."  Four  of  the 
others,  I  fear,  are  almost  valueless,  for  up  to  the  present 
time  I  have  only  been  able  to  distinctly  see  two  coats, 
and  with  much  trepidation  I  have  so  illustrated  the 
structure  in  fig.  53,  at  A  and  E.  It  is  no  light  matter 
to  differ  from  three  famous  Professors  all  at  once — 
with  Professor  De  Bary  and  his  Barberry  bushes,  and 
the  two  genial  Professors,  Henslow  and  Church,  and 
their  five  and  six  "skins."  Besides,  the  ladies  of 
the  Bread  Reform  League  go  in  strongly  for  the 
"  five  skins  "  (they  ignore  the  sixth),  which  they 
say  go  to  form  bones  and  teeth,  and  nourish  the 
brain  and  nerves."  The  "five  skins"  seem  to  be  at 
the  very  foundation  of  the  "Bread  League  "  depart- 
ment of  the  "  Ladies'  Sanitary  Association."  It  is 
hard  to  be  unwillingly  compelled  to  deprive  these 
good-meaning  ladies  of  three  of  their  valuable 
"skins,"  and  my  position  with  the  esteemed  ladies 
over  this  matter  is  likely  to  be  worse  than  with  the 
Professors,  for  converts  to  any  dubious  belief  always 
stick  more  tenaciously  to  possible  errors  than  do  the 
original  teachers.  I  acknowledge  that  I  may  be 
wrong  in  my  estimate  of  the  potency  of  Barberry 
bushes,  as  well  as  wrong  over  the  matter  of  the  five 
(or  six)  skins  of  the  grain  in  coin,  but  the  above 
notes  reflect  my  thoughts.    W.  G.  Smith,  Dunstable. 


THE    POTATO. 


It  is  the  universal  custom  about  here  amongst 
cottagers  when  they  dig  up  their  Potatos  to  divide 
them  into  three  parts,  according  to  their  quality. 
The  best  they  eat,  the  second-best  they  give  to  the 
pigs,  and  the  worst  they  save  for  seed.  Suicidal 
policy  indeed.  Mr.  Terry,  the  author  of  Ihe  A  B  C 
of  Potato  Culture,  and  one  who  has  spent  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  in  the  business,  walks  over  his  26  acres 
while  the  men  are  digging,  and  selects  the  very  best 
at  once  for  seed,  and  so  he  is  always  improving  the 
stock. 

The  next  thing  I  would  mention  is  about  banking- 
up.  Now,  this  custom  is,  I  think,  all  but  universal 
in  England.  Most  people  think  that  it  is  necessary 
to  a  crop,  but  the  reason  does  not  clearly  appear.  If 
it  is  thought  that  the  Potatos  will  grow  out  of  the 
ground,  then  plant  them  a  little  deeper,  taking  care 
that  the  soil  is  well  prepared  before  planting.  There 
are  many  advantages  to  be  gained  by  letting  the 
ground  remain  level  (or  nearly  so),  especially  during 
a  dry  season  like  that  we  have  had  lately.  It  is  well 
known  to  gardeners  that  when  the  weather  is  dry  it 
is  a  very  good  plan  to  water  with  the  hoe — i.e.,  con- 
tinually stir  the  surface,  and  the  sun  will  then  draw 
the  moisture  upwards  to  the  roots  of  the  plants.  Mr. 
Terry  has  expeiimented  on  the  same  soil  for  years 
and  years,  and  he  always  gets  the  best  crop  from  the 
level  surface.     There  is  also  considerable  judgment 


246 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  22,  18 


required  in  our  changeable  climate  as  to  the  time 
when  to  plant  late  Potatos.  "  To  secure  the  largest 
yield  Potatos  demand  moisture  and  coolness  during 
the  last  month  of  their  growth ; "  therefore  do  not  plant 
too  soon.  1  was  accidentally  hindered  this  summer 
from  planting  my  late  Potatos  about  a  month  ;  the 
result  is  that  my  Potatos  are  looking  green  and 
flourishing,  whilst  my  neighbours'  are  as  dry  as  hay. 

Now  for  a  little  more  about  the  seed.  I  suppose 
most  people  are  pleased  to  see  a  dish  of  Potatos  servt  d 
up  mealy  and  about  one  size.  This  can  be  done  by 
careful  seleclion  of  the  seed,  and  cutting  the  pieces  to 
one  eye.  When  you  get  to  the  top  and  find  several 
eyes  close  together,  remove  all  the  eyes  save  one. 
Take  care  to  cut  nice  6eshy  pieces  to  each  eye,  and 
let  each  eye  have  as  long  a  piece  of  flesh  as  is  pos- 
sible,  and    let  each   piece  be  about  the  same    size. 


floi[lsts'    fl(utn|rs5. 


SEASOXABLE  NOTES, 
The  Pelargonium.  — How  ate  the  Pelargoniums 
doing  ihis  year  ?  was  a  question  I  put  to  one  of  the 
growers  for  Covent  Garden  Maiket  at  midsummer. 
His  aoiwer  was,  "  We  are  growing  very  few  now,  and 
think  of  giving  ihem  up  altogether."  Why?  "Because 
I  sent  up  a  qjanlily  of  as  good  plants  as  ever  wire 
grown,  and  they  brought  me  in  9^.  per  dozen,  while 
Paris  Daisies,  that  cost  considerably  less  to  grow,  were 
sold  for  iS^.  per  dozen."  That  is  a  grower's  experi- 
ence of  Covent  Garden  Market.  No  doubt  the  Paris 
Daisies  last  much  longer  as  window  plants  in  London. 
Pelargoniums  do  not  stand  well ;  and  Fuchsia  flowers 
dropoff  in  a  few  days,  owing  to  the  change  of  treat- 
ment. The  Pelargonium  will  always  be  valued  as  a 
greenhouse  plant  for  decorative  purposes  ;  but  like 
other  flowers  it  has  to  pass  through  different  degrees  of 
popularity.  Our  earliest  flowering  plants  are  now  ready 
to  be  shaken  out  of  their  pots  and  to  be  repotted  in 
sizes  smaller.  The  best  time  to  repot  is  when  the 
buds  have  fairly  started  to  grow.  The  later  flowering 
plants  have  just  been  cut  down,  and  will  be  repotted 
later  ;  the  one  lot  is  a  month  in  advance  of  the  other. 
If  any  increase  of  stock  is  required,  cuttings  will  root 
freely  if  planted  in  sandy  soil,  and  the  pots  are  placed 
on  a  shelf  near  the  glass  in  a  greenhouse.  They  die 
off  in  a  hotbed.  The  instant  green-fly  appears  fumi- 
gate with  tobacco  smoke  to  destroy  them. 

The  Chrysanthemum. 
Those  who  want  large  handsome  exhibition  blooms 
must  now  give  their  plants  daily  attention.  The 
blooms  must  be  "  set,"  to  use  the  term  of  those  who 
grow  for  exhibition.  During  the  month  of  August, 
if  the  points  of  the  shoots  are  examined,  the  liny 
flower-buds  will  be  seen  with  shoots  starting  from 
the  leaves  close  to  the  buds.  These  incipient  shoots 
must  be  carefully  removed  wiih  the  finger  and  thumb  ; 
if  they  are  not  removed,  the  buds  will  not  increase  in 
size,  and  will  ultimately  die  out.  Remove  the  shoots 
as  soon  as  they  can  be  broken  over  with  one  finger, 
and  the  buds  will  grow  up  to  produce  those  beautiful 
blooms  seen  at  exhibitions.  Leave  the  shoots  alone, 
and  three  of  them  will  take  the  lead,  producing  each 
a  bloom,  though  inferior  in  size  to  the  single  specimen. 
Greenfly  have  been  troublesome  as  usual,  clustering 
round  the  points  of  the  young  shoots,  and  checking 
the  development  of  leaf  and  bud.  They  are  easily 
destroyed  by  dusting  wilh  tobacco-powder.  V,'e  find 
a  penny  tin  pepper-box  the  most  useful  article  where- 
with to  apply  the  powder.  As  soon  as  the  buds  are 
set,  give  regular  supplies  of  weak  liquid  manure,  and 
be  careful  not  to  let  any  of  the  plants  suffer  for  lack 
of  water.  They  must  not  be  crowded  together,  but 
should  have  plenty  of  space  to  develope  themselves. 
Specimen  plants  ought  now  to  be  placed  where  they  can 
getall  the  light  and  air  possible.  As  lime  can  be  spared, 
the  growths  must  be  tied  out,  and  regulated  to  form 
good  specimens.  Exhibitors  do  not  need  to  be  told 
that  the  plants  must  be  trained  to  one  stem,  and  they 
must  also  be  of  large  size— the  larger  the  better,  if 
the  shoots  are  well  furnished  wilh  healthy  green 
leaves  and  the  flowers  are  of  large  size.  In  training 
the  growths  avoid  all  twisting  and  twining  of  them  to 
get  the  specimens  dwarf.  If  a  large  flowered  or 
pompon  specimen  is  trained  down  to  an  unnaturally 
dwarf  habit,  even  if  it  is  moderately  healthy,  it  is  not 


a  beautiful  object,  but  the  reverse.  Mildew  has  not 
yet  appeared,  but  it  will  do  so  ;  at  least  I  have  had  to 
fight  against  its  insidious  advances  every  jear  for 
twenty-five  years,  and  do  not  expect  any  exceptions 
now.  Dast  with  flowers  of  sulphur  as  soon  as  it  is 
observed. 

The  Cineraria. 
The  plants,  whether  propagated  from  ofl'sets  or 
raised  from  seeds,  are  now  growing  freely,  and  also 
require  attention.  They  do  very  well  in  cold  frames 
up  to  the  end  of  September,  but  after  that  time  it  is 
better  to  place  them  in  a  healed  pit  or  greenhouse. 
They  must  not  be  crowded  closely  together,  as  this 
treatment  has  the  t fleet  of  crippling  the  plants, 
checking  their  development,  and  promoting  the  growth 
of  undersized  blooms  and  trusses.  It  is  belter  to  see 
one  good  large  well-trained  specimen  than  a  dczcn 
badly  grown  small  ones.  During  the  present  hot  and 
dry  weather  they  have  been  kept  free  from  thrips 
and  green  fly  by  frequent  fumigations  of  tobacco- 
smoke.  Mildew  has  not  yet  appeared,  but  it  may  do 
so  ;  there  is  nothing  better  than  dry  flowers  of  sul- 
phur for  its  destruction.  The  powder  should  be 
puffed  under  the  leaves  with  a  sulphurator.  As  the 
plants  make  very  vigorous  growth  at  this  season,  they 
should  be  repotted  before  the  roots  become  too  much 
matted  together.  I  have  before  stated  how  the  pot- 
ting soil  ought  to  be  prepared  ;  but  as  this  is  the 
season  for  repotting  most  of  the  soft-wooded  green 
house  plants, such  as  Pelargoniums,  Calceolarias,  &c. , 
I  may  again  state  that  the  same  compost  may  be  used 
for  the  whole  of  them,  viz.  good  loam,  a  fourih  part 
leaf-mould,  as  much  decayed  manure,  some  crushed 
bones,  and  a  small  portion  of  sand  and  charcoal 
broken  into  small  pieces,  but  not  powdered.  Avoid 
the  use  of  "  vegetable  ivory  "  as  a  substitute  for 
bone-meal  or  crushed  bones.  The  plants  cannot 
have  too  much  air,  indeed  the  lights  may  be  removed 
entirely  if  possible  when  there  is  no  wind  ;  high 
winds  are  injurious  to  the  plants,  and  they  ought  not 
to  be  exposed  to  them  during  any  period  of  their 
growth. 

Calceolarias. 
These  require  very  much  the  same  treatment  as  the 
Cineraria.  Most  people  purchase  a  packet  of  seeds, 
and  from  that  their  stock  of  plants  for  the  season  is 
raised.  By  ihis  time  the  plants  will  be  well  up,  and  in 
most  cases  they  have  been  pricked  off  into  pans  or  pots. 
At  this  season  they  succeed  best  in  frames  facing  to 
the  north.  Even  in  a  small  state,  before  they  are 
potted  off,  greenfly  gets  on  to  the  under-sides  of  the 
leaves,  and  cripples  them  sadly  if  it  is  rot  removed. 
Any  exceptionally  good  varieties  must  be  propagated 
by  cuttings.  They  can  be  taken  oH  frequently  wilh  a 
small  portion  of  roots  attached,  and  be  potted  in 
small  pots  singly.  They  will  soon  form  fresh  roots  if 
they  are  placed  in  close  hand-lights  behind  a  north 
wall.  If  no  roots  are  attached  to  them  when  taken 
off,  they  will  still  form  roots  though  not  so  quickly  as 
those  with  small  portions  attached,  Sandy  soil  ought 
to  be  used  for  potting  them  in.  When  fairly  rooted, 
they  ought  to  be  repotted  in  larger  pots  in  the  ordi- 
dinary  compost  used  for  seedlings.  J.  Douglas. 


j40|Vl£      f!0RRE3P0;^DE^(C£, 


Phormium  tenax,  or  New  Zealand  Flax.— It 
is  satisfactory  to  learn  that  this  useful  plant  and  its 
varieties  prove  to  be  hardy  in  the  Royal  Gardens  at 
Kew,  and  also  in  other  parts  of  England.  I  have 
a  small  plantation  of  it  60  feet  long  by  10  feet  wide, 
upon  which  there  are  166  spikes  of  bloom,  and  seed- 
pods  from  7  to  10  feet  high.  It  is  a  remarkable 
plant,  and  its  practical  utility  induces  me  to  state 
that  no  garden  should  be  without  it  if  suflicient  room 
can  be  spared  to  grow  it.  It  does  not  seem  to  be 
difticult  as  to  soil,  but  it  produces  the  largest  leaves 
where  it  gets  more  moisture.  The  leaves  being 
broad,  flat,  and  long,  all  elements  of  quantity,  are 
easily  stripped  into  bands  which  are  most  useful  for 
tying  purposes.  The  quantity  ol  resin  they  contain 
makes  them  stronger  and  more  lasting  than 
matting,  raffia,  Cuba  bast,  or  any  of  those  materials 
generally  used.  The  plant  is  becoming  very  common 
and  plentiful,  so  that  it  is  easily  obtained,  and  once 
planted  may  remain  in  the  same  place  for  jears. 
Those  who  can  recollect  the  first  grand  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  185 1,  may  also  call  to  mind 
the  specimens  of  manufacture  from  its  fibre  exhibited 


there.  My  object  is  simply  to  point  out  to  the  gar- 
deners of  England  how  useful  it  might  be  to  them. 
C.  B.  S.,  Jersey. 

Diseases  of  Potatos  and  Vines.— Sometimes 
we  have  printed  extracts  from  newspapers  to  show  the 
lamentable  want  of  knowledge  which  exists  on  the  - 
part  of  some  writers  who  take  upon  themselves  to 
instruct  others.  One  is  inclined  to  deal  leniently  wilh 
ordinary  press  writers,  for  they  cannot  be  expected  to 
possess  special  agricultural  or  horticultural  knowledge. 
When,  however,  ignorant  and  misleading  statements 
are  published  in  papers  whose  specialty  is  supposed 
to  be  the  teaching  of  things  correctly  the  case  is  veiy 
different.  The  following  two  extracts  are  taken  frcjm 
recent  issues  of  agricultural  and  horticultural  papers  : — 

"  Potato  Disease.  — li  is  wtU  known  that  the  disease 
consists  of  animalcula  {sic),  which  first  attacks  the  leaves, 
and  then,  as  Ihey  multiply  in  myriads,  they  fall,  and  find 
Ibeir  way  to  the  tubers,  where  they  settle  (!),  and  destroy 
the  Potatos.  But  how  they  come  is  yet  a  mystery,  and 
how  they  can  be  destroyed  is  yet  to  be  discovered." 

"  Disease  0/  I'ittes. — The  black  specks  in  the  leaves  are 
the  result  of  the  decay  of  the  fungus,  which,  when  in 
growth,  is  a  bright  orange  colour  ;  it  is  quite  invisible  to 
the  naked  eye,  and  even  through  a  small  pocket  magni- 
fier, but  is  painfully  apparent  through  a  powerful  micro- 
scope." 

The  accomplished  teacher  above  quoted,  wisely 
abstains  from  mentioning  the  name  of  the  "invisible" 
"  bright  orange  "  fungus  (probably  a  few  grains  of 
flowers  of  sulphur)  found  by  him  to  be  "  painfully 
apparent  "  on  Vines  with  the  aid  of  his  "power.'ul 
microscope."  A'. 

Peculiarities  of  the  Orobanche.  —  It  seems 
almost  incredible  that  a  tiny  rootlet  of  the  Gorse, 
,',5  hi  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  would  be  suflicient  to 
provide  nourishment  for  a  parasite  of  over  6  lb. 
weight.  This  is,  nevertheless,  true,  as  I  this  season 
counted  no  less  than  twelve  plants  of  Orobanche 
major,  each  fully  \  lb.  weight,  growing  on  a  single 
root  of  our  common  Gorse  rather  less  than  Aths  of  an 
inch  in  diameter.  The  questions  that  naturally 
suggest  themselves  are  these  :— How  does  the  Oro- 
banche subsist  ?  and  is  the  Gorse  plant  exhausted  by 
its  parasitic  friends  ?  To  the  latter  question  I  would 
answer  No  ;  at  least,  an  examination  of  many  speci- 
mens did  not  reveal  any  exhaustion  of  the  plants,  nor 
did  the  foliage  appear  in  the  least  sickly.  The  former 
question  I  can  only  answer  as  follows  :  —  As  the  Oro- 
banche never  appears  above-grcund  until  of  a  flower- 
ing age — which  is  never  less  than  three  years,  but 
usually  more— the  amount  of  nourishment  taken  an- 
nually from  the  Gorse,  and  concentrated  in  the  tub.r 
of  the  Orobanche,  will  not  be  nearly  so  much  as  was 
all  drawn  in  one  season,  and  consequent  on  which 
may,  no  doubt,  be  attributed  the  perfectly  healthy 
appearance  of  the  Gorse.  The  Gorse  root  is  usually 
swollen  at  the  point  of  juncture  wilh  the  Orobanche, 
but  outwards  from  that  point  it  dies  oft' — no  doubt 
from  the  circulation  ol  the  sap  being  arrested  by  the 
parasitic  attachment.  As  the  Orobanche  is  seldom 
found  growing  on  the  Gorse  root  at  a  less  depth  than 
5  inches,  the  question  may  be  asked.  How  do  ih; 
seeds  get  down  to  this  depth  in  the  ground  ?  Well, 
my  explanation  is  this,  that  as  the  seeds  are  very 
minute  (resembling  those  of  the  Poppy)  and  hard,  and 
as  the  soil  in  which  I  have  always  found  the  Oro- 
banche is  rather  rough  gravel,  it  must  be  that  a  few  of 
the  very  numerously  produced  seeds  are  washed  down 
to  that  depth  through  the  loose  stony  soil  by  heavy 
rains  :  otherwise  I  cannot  explain  it.  The  pecu- 
liarly constructed  flowers,  which  contain  a  great 
quantity  of  sweet  nectar,  similar  in  taste  and  smell  to 
tnat  of  the  Clover,  are  visited  by  at  least  one  insect, 
as  I  saw  the  red-tailed  humble-bee  visit  many  of  the 
flowers  on  several  plants  in  succession,  and  without 
fertilising  them.  The  bee  did  not  in  any  case  visit 
the  flowers  directly  in  front,  but  crept  along  either  of 
the  two  side  channels  of  the  lip,  and  in  this  way  it 
was  hardly  possible  for  them  to  come  in  contact  wilh 
either  the  stigma  or  stamens.  I  believe  the  flowers 
are  fertilised  in  the  bud  state,  as  in  specimens  which 
had  been  prevented  from  sending  up  Iheir  stems  by 
coming  in  contact  with  large  flat  stones  I  noticed  that 
many  of  the  ovaries  had  swollen,  and  contained  what 
appeared  to  be  good  seed.  To  test  ihc  matter  still 
further,  I  transferred  specimens  to  the  h(3use  before 
any  of  the  flowers  bad  opened  j  and,  although  I  will 
not  positively  state  that  house-flies  did  not  visit  the 
flowers,  still   I  never  saw  any,  and  certainly  do  not 


August  22,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


247 


think  they  did,  and  for  all  this  seed-bearing  capsules 
were  produced.  Cross-fertilisation  may,  however, 
take  place,  as  in  not  a  few  plants  the  stigma  protrudes 
beyond  the  caljx  previous  to  the  flower  expanding, 
and  as  the  flowering  period  extends,  in  good  seasons, 
over  a  period  of  four  weeks,  it  is  not  at  all  unlikely 
that  small  insects  may  deposit  the  pollen  from  open 
flowers  on  the  stigma  of  such  as  are  still  closed, 
A.  D.  Webster. 

Muscat  Grapes.— The  Grapes  at  Rangemore  are 
certainly  very  good  all  round  this  year,  but  language 
fails  me  entirely  to  describe  a  long  span-roof  house 
full  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  to  be  seen  there.  I 
have  seen  a  good  many  houses  of  Muscats  during 
these  last  twenty  years,  but  this  is  the  most  re- 
markble  I  have  ever  looked  on — the  even  crop, 
the  magniScent  bunches,  and  the  large  berries, 
all  go  to  show  that  the  fine  touch  from  the  hand  of  a 
master  of  the  art  has  been  there.  They  are  just  now 
fast  putting  on  the  lovely  amber  colour,  and  any  of 
our  friends  going  that  way  would  do  well,  if  they  have 
a  little  time  at  their  disposal,  to  go  and  see  them. 
For  my  own  part,  I  would  not  mind  a  pilgrimage  uf 
twenty  miles  on  foot  to  see  such  a  handsome  houie 
of  Muscats.   -V. 

"Exhibition  Peas," — I  forward  you  a  smiU 
hamper  containing  a  few  pods  of  the  leading  sorts  of 
Peas,  including  Duke  of  Albany,  a  kind  not  mentioned 
by  "  R.  D."  in  the  Gardiners  Chronicle  of  last 
week,  where  a  list  of  exhibition  Peas  is  given.  Duke 
of  Albany  being  of  a  deeper  green  than  Telephone, 
may  be  fairly  called  the  better  Pea  ;  in  other  respects 
they  are  much  alike  ;  if  any  difierence,  I  consider  The 
Duke  to  yield  a  somewhat  larger  crop.  John  liull 
and  Robert  Fenn  are  also  A I  kinds.  \V,  C.  //.  [The 
samples  of  the  Peas  sent  are  excellent,  and  are  a 
very  good  selection  of  the  leading  varieties.  The  Duke 
of  Albany,  which  is  a  green  wrinkled  selection  from 
Telegraph,  may  be  considered  superior  to  Telephone, 
which  is  a  white  selection  from  the  same  ;  but  there 
is  really  little  distinction  between  the  three.   Fu  ] 

Bedding  Viola. — I  send  you  some  flowers  ol  my 
General  Gordon  Viola,  will  you  be  kind  enough  10 
give  your  opinion  of  it  through  your  paper  ?  For 
working  in  lines  or  masses,  and  free  bloomer  and 
habit,  and  blooming  through  the  whole  summer,  I 
consider  it  excellent.  The  plants  are  covered  with 
Bowers,  from  ten  to  twenty  blooms  each,  or  forty- 
eight  to  the  square  foot,  over  the  bed.  The  bed  was 
planted  last  September,  and  received  no  water  until 
last  Monday.  It  will  make  a  fine  row  of  while 
flowers  behind  the  blue  Lobelia,  it  being  so  dwarf. 
Height  of  plants  3  to  4  inches,  acrosss  S  to  10  inches. 
IV.  Jones.  [From  the  specimens  sent,  this  appears  to 
be  a  very  good  variety,  with  large  flowers  of  good 
substance,  clear  white,  fragrant,  and  one  which,  if  it 
possess  good  habit  and  constitution,  may  be  highly 
recommended.  Kd.] 

The  Broad-leaved  Helleborine  (Epipactis 
latifolia). — In  not  a  few  of  our  woods  and  downs 
may  now  be  found  in  flower  the  above  stately  though 
rather  inconspicuous  flowered  representative  of  the 
Orchid  family — a  plant  which,  both  as  regards  distri- 
bution and  peculiarity  of  appearing  in  quantity  in 
certain  localities  where  it  was  not  before  known,  is 
well  worthy  of  more  than  a  passing  note.  That  the 
seed  of  this  plant  may  lie  dormant  in  the  soil  for  at 
least  upwards  of  a  dozen  years,  or  until  circumstances 
favour  Its  germinating,  I  am  now  almost  convinced  ; 
but  although,  on  several  previous  occasions,  similar 
cases  to  the  one  below  recorded  had  come  under  my 
notice,  I  refrained  from  mentioning  thtm,  having  no 
direct  proof  that  such  really  was  the  case.  Some 
days  ago,  however,  I  was  not  a  little  pleasantly  sur- 
prised to  find  in  one  of  our  woods,  that  had  been 
thinned  four  years  ago,  numerous  specimens  of  the 
above  Orchid  in  full  flower,  as  for  a  number  of  years 
previous  to  thinning  of  the  wood  I  had  occasion  to 
visit  it  frequently,  and  would  certainly  have  noticed 
this  particular  plant  had  it  been  present.  The  seeds 
must  in  this  case  have  lain  dormant  for  at  least  a 
dozen  years,  as  the  wood,  previous  to  being  thinned, 
was  so  thick  that  all  under-vegetation  was  killed  out- 
right ;  and  as  no  specimens  of  the  plant  occur  in  the 
neighbouring  woods,  their  appearance  could  hardly  be 
attributed  to  the  dissemination  of  seeds  the  same  space 
in  which  the  wood  was  thinned.  (It  may  be  here  noted 
that  the  Epipactis  requires  at  least  lour  years  to  arrive 


at  a  flowering  stage  from  the  time  the  seeds  are  sown.) 
A  similar  instance,  but  more  conclusive,  I  have 
noted  in  another  native  Orchid— Ilabenaria  bifolia  —  in 
which  both  seeds  and  tuber  may  lie  dormant  for  several 
years  under  certain  conditions — a  fact  which  I  believe 
has  been  noted  by  several  others,  including  Gilbert 
White.  Another  peculiarity  of  Epipactis  latifolia  is 
its  singular  distribution,  for,  unlike  the  generality  of 
our  native  Orchids,  it  is  by  no  means  equally  spread 
over  a  wood,  but  occurs  in  patches  here  and  there,  a 
fence  or  ditch  often  marking  its  boundary.  It  is  also 
frequent  in  one  wood,  whereas  in  the  adjoining,  al- 
though only  divided  by  a  road,  and  similar  both  as 
regards  soil^and  situation,  not  a  specimen  is  to  be 
found.  From  observations  made  for  some  time  past 
I  am  convinced  either  thit  this  Epipactis  can,  under 
certain  conditions,  increase  underground  until  it  be- 
comes of  a  flowering  age,  or  that  the  root-stock  is  in 
some  cases  creeping,  and  nev  ryes  formed  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  particular  rootlets,  as  is  the  case  in  the  Bird's- 
nest  Orchid  (Neottia  nidus-avis).  The  latter  is,  how- 
ever, I  may  remark,  quite  different  from  all  my  obser- 
vations, but  for  all  this  it  may  be  true  in  particular 
cases.  Three  distinct  forms  of  this  plant  are  to  be  seen 
in  the  woods  of  Carnarvonshire,  the  handsomest  of 
which  is  pure  while  or  similar  in  colour  to  the 
Butterfly  Habenaria  (H.  bilolia).  This  I  have  found 
on  several  occasions,  but  never  plentifully.  Another 
has  the  interior  of  the  lip  quite  black  or  dark  brown  ; 
and  the  third  is  of  a  pinky-green  throughout.  S  )me 
specimens  have  the  leaves  lanceolate,  others  oval. 
Tbey  are,  however,  but  forms,  as  gradations  passing 
from  the  one  to  the  other  are,  where  the  plants  are 
growing  in  quantity,  not  uncommon,  A.D,  Webster. 

An  Extraordinary  Cereus.— In  times  when,  as 
now,  the  cultivation  of  greenhouse  plants  is  confined 
almost  exclusively  to  such  as  are  of  the  easiest  culti- 
vation, it  seems  strange  that  the  summer-flowering 
kinds  ofCactus,  Cereus,  are  all  but  whollyneglected.  In 
addition  to  their  being  the  easiest  of  all  plants  to  keep 
in  a  healthy  condition  with  little  attention,  their 
flowers  are  amongst  the  most  gorgeous  of  all  culti- 
vated plants.  A  specimen  of  E.  speciosissimus,  or 
some  nearly  allied  sort,  recently  in  flower  in  the  con- 
servatory at  Temple  Newsome,  acted  as  a  reminder  of 
the  mistake  that  is  made  in  discarding  these  grand 
old  inhabitants  of  the  greenhouse.  The  plant  in 
question  is  planted  out  in  the  central  bed  immediately 
under  the  ridge  of  the  house,  which  is  some  25  feet 
high.  Its  thick  stem,  trained  up  one  of  the  pillars 
that  support  the  roof,  denotes  its  being  old,  and 
having  long  occupied  its  present  position.  The  stem 
is  quite  bare  nearly  up  to  the  roof,  where  it  branches 
out  so  as  to  form  a  dense  massive  head  of  drooping 
shoots,  that  hang  down  some  7  or  8  feet,  by  nearly 
half  as  much  in  diameter,  and  were  half  hidden  by 
their  gorgeous  flowers,  scores  of  which,  as  large  as 
tea-saucers,  presented  a  combination  of  intense  crim- 
son and  violet  colour  such  as  few,  if  any,  other  class 
of  plants  afford.  Although  the  flowers,  as  well 
known,  are  short-lived,  still,  where  the  phnts  are 
large,  they  keep  on  giving  a  succession  for  several 
weeks.  -V, 

Venus'  Fly-trap.— I  believe  Dionsea  Muscipula  is 
not  considered  hardy  in  this  country.  A  well-known 
botanist,  when  going  over  our  experimental  garden, 
said  that,  considering  the  climate  it  came  from,  he 
was  surprised  that  it  had  stood  several  winters.  I 
first  planted  it  in  a  shady  part  of  our  wood  ;  it  lived 
there,  but  did  not  thrive,  so  in  the  spring  of  1SS2  I 
moved  it  to  the  side  of  a  pond  in  the  sun,  and  put 
sphagnum  round  it  ;  the  leaves  have  now  come  up 
stronger,  and  seem  quite  healthy.  George  f.  Wilson, 
Heatherbank,  WeybriJge  Heath. 

The  Wholesale  Destruction  of  Caterpillars. 
— I  hoped  that  I  had  made  my  meaning  clear  to 
readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  that  all  who 
read  my  note  would  understand  that  it  was  the  whole- 
sale destruction  of  those  caterpillars  which  infest  our 
gardens,  destroying  fruits,  vegetables,  and  flowers  I 
advocated,  but  I  find  from  "  Jussieuensis' "  note  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  August  15  that  this  was 
not  the  case,  and  I  hasten  to  say  that  I  would  by  no 
means  advise  any  one  to  scrape  the  trunks  of  their 
Oak  trees  in  order  to  remove  the  eggs  of  the  lovely 
Purple  Emperor,  or  to  wash  their  Nettles,  unless  they 
intended(liketheold  Scotch gardener)to  make  themdo 
service  as  spring  greens :  I  simply  intended  to  advocate 
(as  I  do  still)  the  destruction  of  all  grubs  and  insects 
which  infest  our  cultivated  gardens.     I  believe  that, 


as  a  rule,  insects  deposit  their  eggs  on  those  plants 
and  trees  whose  leaves  and  produce  are  most  likely  to 
afford  the  right  food  for  their  brood,  so  that  when  we 
destroy  garden  pests,  we  are  doing  good,  and  need 
not  entertain  the  least  alarm  that  we  should  injure 
harmless  members  of  the  insect  world,  for  the  latter 
species  do  not  affect  our  cultivated  grounds,  and  ii 
your  Uckfield  correspondent  had  seen  as  I  did 
two  summers  ago  the  wholesale  destruction  of  fruit 
and  roots  by  various  grubs  in  some  Hampshire 
gardens,  he  would  join  in  the  cry  of  Ivill,  and  no  mercy, 
at  once.   Helen  IVatncy,  Wimbledon. 

The  Refractory  Freesia.— Many  and  various 
have  been  the  complaints  of  failures  to  grow  this 
lovely  and  unique  Cape  bulb.  Having  personally 
experienced  partial  failures  I  could  not  restrain  a  start 
and  exclamation  of  surprise  on  seeing  a  bed  one  mass 
of  flower  in  the  open  air  in  the  gardens  of  Tresco 
Abbey.  The  bulbs,  which  are  now  flowering  so 
freely,  were  planted.on  April  18  last  ;  they  were  simply 
inserted  in  a  raised  bed  in  the  natural  soil  of  the 
garden,  assisted  by  some  cow  manure  and  leaf  soil. 
Other  similar  beds  have  been  formed,  and,  wind  and 
weather  permitting,  there  ought  to  be  a  gay  show  at 
Christmas  tide.  What  is  possible  in  Scilly  in  the 
open  air  ought  to  be  possible  on  the  mainland  in 
frames.  The  beds  at  Tresco  are  so  formed  that  frames 
can  be  put  over  them,  if  need  be.  C.  A.  M.  Carmi- 
chael,  .■lii^iisl  15. 

The  Fertilisation  of  Figs  :  Stones  in  Trees. 
— It  is  a  fact  well  known  to  most  readers  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  and  other  horticultural  papers 
that  trees  of  the  Orange,  Mango,  and  Fig  ripen  heavy 
crops  of  excellent  fruit  annually  in  Malta,  but  it  is 
not  so  well  known  that  in  order  to  secure  a  good  set 
of  Figs— even  in  the  warm  climate  of  Malta— the 
natives  with  that  end  in  view  grow  the  male  or  wild 
Fig  amiog  trees  of  the  edible  variety,  asserting  that 
if  they  did  not  do  so  the  trees  would  not  yield  much 
more  than  half  a  crop  of  fruit.  Then  there  is  a  tree 
—a  species  of  the  Orange,  I  think— which  the  Maltese 
call  the  Zinzilli,  or  stone  fruit  tree,  the  latter  name 
resulting  from  the  fact— which  is  a  very  interesting 
one  botanically,  and  concerning  which  information  is 
sought— that  unless  stones,  say,  the  size  of  brickbats, 
are  placed  among  the  branches  in  spring  it  will  not 
bear  fruit.  The  correctness  of  this  statement  is 
vouched  for  by  Colonel  Crichlon  Maitland,  who  had 
resided  in  Malta  for  several  years,  and  who,  while 
visiting  at  the  Castle  last  spring,  kindly  wrote  to  a 
military  friend  of  long  residence  in  that  island  asking 
him  to  send  me  specimens  of  the  trees  indicated 
above,  and  this  gentleman,  in  generously  complying 
with  Colonel  Crichton  Maitland's  request,  communi- 
cated (February  26)  the  following  interesting  informa- 
tion respecting  the  male  Fig  and  Zinzilli  tree. 
Having  said  that  he  would  send  me  a  few  rooted 
suckers  which,  owing  to  the  very  inclement 
season  which  they  had  had,  and  the  beau- 
tiful weather  which  they  were  then  experiencing 
would  ooon  begin  to  bud,  he  proceeds  :— "  The  fruit  of 
the  male  Fig  when  rotten  or  decayed  produces  or 
attracts  small  black  flies,  which  impregnate  the 
female  or  edible  Fig,  and  this  accounts  for  the  large 
crops  we  have.  The  male  Fig,  of  course,  should  not 
be  detached  until  ripe,  and  then  it  should  be  hung 
between  the  branches  of  the  edible  Fig  tree.  Now 
about  the  Zinzilli  having  fruit  by  the  aid  of  stones 
inserted  between  the  branches  ;  all  I  can  tell  you  is— 
it  is  a  fact  !  but  why  or  wherefore  no  expert  or 
botanical  scientist  has  ever,  I  believe,  been  able  to 
say.  A  very  clever  Italian  botanist  brought  over  by 
Hoar  some  years  since,  told  me  that  he  did  not 
believe  it  had  ever  been  discovered,  and  that  Colonel 
Murray's  theory  might  possibly  be  the  one  sought  for 
— viz.,  that  certain  insects  in  this  climate  (Malta)  or 
region  sheltered  under  the  stones,  and  did  the 
necessary  process  of  impregnating  the  fruit  blossoms 
at  night  ;  but  who  can  tell  ?  I  have  searched  under 
the  stones  and  found— nothing  !  "  The  fact  that  no 
insects  have  been  found  under  the  stones  tends  to 
weaken  Colonel  Murray's  theory,  otherwise  one  might 
suppose  the  fact  of  stones  being  conservators  of  mois- 
ture, as  in  some  way  attracting  the  insects,  which  in  their 
passage  to  and  from  the  stones  impregnated  the 
flowers.  Then,  am  I  right,  in  assuming  that  an 
atmospheric  influence  exists  between  the  indi- 
vidual stones  as  inserted  in  the  branches  of  the 
Zinzilli  ?— and  if  so,  has  the  current  thus  pro- 
duced anything  to  do  in  the  process  of  fructification 


248 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1S85. 


by  rendering  the  blossom  and  pollen  more  fructiferous, 
and  afterwards  disseminating  the  latter?  I  herewith 
enclose  a  small  branch  of  the  Zinzilli,  which,  with 
several  others,  has  sprung  from  a  sucker  about  an 
inch  in  diameter,  and  which,  I  trust,  will  enable  you 
to  name  it  botanically  [apparently  the  common  Jujube, 
Zizyphus  Jujuba]  ;  and  also,  if  you  would  kindly 
say  in  what  way  the  placing  of  the  stones  amongst 
the  branches  of  the  Zinzilli  tree  is  instrumental  in 
securing  a  crop  of  fruit,  you  would  greatly  oblige 
many  of  your  readers,  particularly  those  who  either 
reside,  or  have  resided,  in  Malta.  In  conclusion,  I 
may  remark  that  our  plants  are  growing  in  6inch 
pots,  consequently  the  specimens  sent  of  leaf  and 
branch  are  much  below  their  ordinary  size.  The 
plants  flowered  in  June  last,  and  by  the  aid  of  a 
camel's-hair  brush  I  set  a  few,  which,  however,  after 
attaining  to  the  size  of  a  full-grown  Solanum  berry, 
ovate-obtuse  in  shape,  ceased  to  swell,  and  ultimately 
dropped  off.   //.  W.  Ward,  Lon_^ord  Castle. 

The  Fragrant  Orchid  (Orchis  or  Gymna- 
denia  conopsea). — Ireland  would  seem  to  be  the 
headquarters  of  this  beautiful  and  deliciously  fragrant 
Orchid,  for  some  specimens  sent  me  last  week  by  Mr. 
Ramsbottom  from  his  estate  (Moorrock,  King's  Co.) 
there  are  certainly  by  far  the  finest  I  have  yet  seen. 
One  plant  had  a  dense  cylindrical  flower-spike  I  \  inch 
in  length,  and  on  which  I  counted  no  less  than  142 
flowers  ;  another,  rather  smaller,  bore  92  flowers. 
Accompanying  these  was  a  remarkable  specimen  of 
the  rare  and  beautiful  white-flowered  form  of  this 
Orchid  with  a  spike  fully  6  inches  in  length  of 
sweetly  scented  paper-white  flowers.  Considering 
how  readily  this  Orchid  is  cultivated,  and  how  pretty 
and  fragrant  the  flowers  are,  one  can  only  wonder 
that  it  is  so  seldom  seen  gracing  a  rather  dry  shady 
nook  in  our  alpine  gardens.  A.  D.  Wthster. 

Rhinanthus  major.— In  some  cultivated  corn- 
fields in  this  district— Dunstable— Rhinanthus  major 
is  an  exhaustive  parasite  of  corn,  chiefly,  as  far  as  my 
observation  goes,  of  Wheat.  It  grows  as  a  greatly 
branched  plant,  2  feet  or  more  high.  I  have  a 
plant  before  me  bearing  107  capsules,  although  many 
have  now  fallen  off.  I  am  inclined  to  agree  with  the 
botanists  who  consider  this  plant  to  be  a  large  and 
robust  growing  variety  of  R.  Crista-galli.    W,  G.  S. 

Bedding  out  Cinerarias. — When,  some  weeks 
ago,  I  tried  to  explain  to  your  readers  the  beauty  of 
the  beds  of  Cinerarias  in  the  Portuguese  capital,  I 
thought  I  was  writing  of  a  floral  device  untried  in 
England.  But  no  such  luck;  perhaps  "There  is 
nothing  new  under  the  sun "  was  trite  before  the 
golden  days  of  King  Solomon.  At  least  we  have 
never  seen  an  age  since  when  silver  "was  nothing 
accounted."  The  veterans  of  your  legion  of  readers 
will  remember  a  Cineraria,  called  The  King,  which 
was  much  cultivated  when  a  novelty.  Mr.  Vallance, 
the  experienced  overseer  of  the  Tresco  Abbey 
Gardens,  tells  me  that  he  bedded  out  this  Cineraria  in 
1S42  in  the  flower  garden  of  Stackpole  Court,  in 
Pembrokeshire,  and  that  for  six  weeks  it  was  a  thing 
admired  of  all.  What  can  be  done  at  Stackpole  can 
a/(jr/?.ri?/«(j  be  done  at  Mount  Edgcumbe,  Tregothnan, 
and  other  Cornish  homes  :  indeed,  perchance  has 
been  done.   C,  A.  M.  C. 

Cattleya  crispa. — In  looking  over  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  of  Saturday,  August  15,  page  214,  I  met 
with  some  remarks  respecting  Cattleya  crispa,  or 
Laelia  crispa,  from  the  pen  of  Professor  Reichenbach, 
in  which  I  feel  somewhat  interrested,  more  especially  as 
I  have  a  very  fine  specimen  of  the  above-mentioned 
Cattleya  bearing  seven  splendid  flower-spikes,  carrying 
buds  respectively — 

■2  spikes  and     4  btijs. 
1  spike    and     7      „ 
3  spikes  and     6      ., 


At  the  same  time  it  is  pushing  upwards  of  twenty  new 
growths.  John  Haivksly. 

Nuts.— Having  lately  made 'considerable  journeys 
through  the  beautiful  lanes  of  Hants  and  parts  of 
Surrey  and  Sussex,  I  have  been  struck  with  the 
extraordinary  growth  of  Hazel  nuts  in  the  hedges,  and 
a  larger  harvest  I  never  remember  since  the  summer 
of  1826,  which  was  an  exceptionally  hot   one.     The 


spring  of  this  year  was  an  unusually  mild  one.  I 
merely  conjecture  that  owing  to  this  the  calkims 
escaped  from  frost,  and  hence  produced  such  a  mar- 
vellous quantity  of  fruit.  Filbert  trees  appeared  to 
be  equally  full.  The  Filbert  has  a  bad  reputation  as  a 
promoter  of  indigestion,  but  very  often  it  is  the 
adjunct  in  the  bad  port  or  sherry  which  causes  this, 
not  the  nut,  although  I  admit  the  latter  is  oily  and 
requires  care.  Of  course  if  people  eat  such  things 
like  so  many  Currants  they  deserve  to  get  dyspepsia, 
but  in  moderation  and  with  good  wine,  also  in 
moderation,  no  harm  will  follow.  John  Colebroohe, 

Dodder. — There  are  two  large  6elds  close  by  here, 
purporting  to  be  fields  of  Clover,  they  are  only  sepa- 
rated by  a  grass-grown  narrow  farmer's  road,  and 
they  were  both  sown  at  the  same  time,  early  in 
April.  One  field  is  full  of  well  grown  Clover,  and 
has  for  a  long  time  been  supporting  a  large  flock  of 
sheep.  The  other  field,  instead  of  being  green,  is 
red.  It  is  a  field  of  Dodder,  with  a  very  few  patches 
indeed  of  dwindled  and  starved  Clover.  In  places 
where  the  Clover  and  its  parasite  have  alike  perished 
sow-thistles  and  other  weeds  are  growing.  No  sheep 
have  been,  or  could  be,  supported  on  the  Dodder 
infested  Clover  and  weeds.  Although  the  bad  field 
is  actually  red  all  over  with  the  Dodder  I  have  been 
unable  to  detect  a  single  plant  of  Dodder  in  the 
adjoining  good  field.  The  seeds  were,  of  course, 
bought  by  difierent  farmers  of  different  dealers.  One 
would  think  the  bad  sample  must  have  had  as  much 
Dodder  as  Clover  in  it— perhips  mo-e.  IF.  G  S., 
Dunstabk 


EASTBOURNE:  August  12. 

Thk  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  was  held  in  the 
beautiful  grounds  of  Complon  Place,  the  spot  chosen 
being  the  vicinity  of  the  mansion  and  pleasure-grounds, 
the  latter  being  thrown  open  to  all  visitors  to  the  sho*. 
The  liberality  and  kind  consideration  of  Mr.  and  Lidy 
F.  Howard,  in  thus  furthering  the  aims  and  objects  of  the 
Society  cannot  be  too  freely  acknowledged.  It  might  here 
be  stated  that  this  is  a  typical  flower  show  ;  no  exterior 
means  are  resorted  to  whereby  to  draw  a  larger  company 
than  can  be  got  together  by  floriculture  and  horticulture 
alone.  This  commends  itself  to  all  real  lovers  of  such, 
and  we  think  that  the  committee  ol  this  Society,  under 
the  guidance  of  Mr.  Thomas  Larkin,  whose  practical 
experience  is  of  great  value,  are  to  be  congratulated  in 
having  thus  far  been  able  to  hold  their  ground  without 
extraneous  aid  in  any  way.  The  exhibition  on  this  occa- 
sion well  maintained  its  former  high  standard  of  excel- 
lence, all  departments  being  well  represented  throughout 
the  show. 

In  the  class  for  eight  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  Mr. 
Gilbert,  nurseryman,  Hastings,  was  well  ist  with  excel- 
lent examples  of  cultivation,  his  best  plants  being  a  grand 
specimen  of  Erica  asmula,  Statice  Gilbertii,  Dipladenia 
amabilis,  Stephanotis  floribunda,  and  AUamanda  nobilis, 
being  equally  fine  ;  a  finely  coloured  Kalosanthes  coc- 
cinea  superba  was  also  in  this  collection.  Exhibitors  of 
flowering  plants  would  do  well  to  imitate  Mr.  Gilbert's 
system  of  cultivation,  and  not  aim  so  much  at  immense 
specimens  as  at  finely-flowered  and  healthy  plants. 
Mr.  Henry  James,  of  Norwood,  was  2d  in  this  class, 
having  good  plants  of  Statice  imbricata  and  Rondeletia 
speciosa ;  Mr.  Tudgey,  of  Waltham  Cross,  followed, 
with  capital  examples  of  Ixora  Williamsii  and  Allamanda 
nobilis. 

In  the  class  for  six  flowering  specimens  the  competi- 
tion lay  "letween  gentlemen's  gardeners  only.  Mr. 
Portnell,  gr.  to  Sir  A.  Lamb,  Beaufort  Park,  near 
Hastings,  was  ist.  with  finely  cultivated  and  floriferous 
plants,  among  others,  of  Erica  cerinthoides  coronata, 
Allamanda  grandiflora,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  and  Statice 
Gilbertii;  Mr.  Jupp,  gr.  to  G.  Boulton,  Esq.,  Torfield, 
Eastbourne,  being  2d,  with  a  good  Bougainvillea,  and 
the  same  of  Stephanotis,  and  the  comparatively  new 
Ixora  Westii  ;  an  excellent  3d  lot  came  from  Mr.  Gore, 
gr.  to  Captain  Taylor,  Glenleigh,  Hastings. 

For  eight  exotic  Ferns,  Mr.  C.  Rann,  gr.  to  J. 
Warren,  Esq.,  Handcross  Park,  Crawley,  won  premier 
honours,  having  grand  examples  ot  Gleichenia  rupestris, 
Davallia  Mooreana,  and  Dicksonia  antarctica,  with  a 
10  feet  stem  ;  Mr.  Gilbert  being  2d — Adianlum  farley- 
ense  in  his  collection  being  a  fine  plant  ;  Mr.  James  3d. 

For  six  exotic  Ferns,  Mr.  Jupp  was  placed  ist  ;  and 
Mr.  Clements,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Usill.  Fulbourne  Lodge.  2d. 

In  the  class  for  ornamental  foliage  plants  Mr.  kann 
was  again  ist,  with  immense  bushes  of  Croton  inter- 
ruptus  and  C.  Warreni,  both  grand  in  colour  ;  Cycas 
revoluta  and  Gleichenia  Mendehi  were  also  fine  speci- 
mens. Mr.  Tudgey  followed,  with  Cycas  revoluta  and 
C.  circinalis,  and  a  fine  plant  of  Pritchardia  pacifica. 


For  six  ornamental  foliage  plants  Mr.  Portnell  was 
placed  ist,  with  a  clean  well  grown  lot  of  plants,  promi- 
nent among  which  were  Croton  interruptus  and  C. 
Queen  Victoria,  with  a  good  Cycas  revoluta.  Mr.  Jupp 
followed  with  an  excellent  six. 

The  class  for  six  Ericas  brought  good  competition, 
Mr.  Gilbert  being  ist,  with  a  fresh  and  healthv  set  of 
plants  ;  Mr.  Portnell  and  Mr.  Tudgey  followed.' 

A  class  devoted  to  groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect 
brought  out  a  capital  competition,  evidently  being  looked 
upon  with  favour,  and  that  rightly  too,  by  the  exhibitors. 
Mr.  H.  lames,  who  is  always  hard  to  beat,  was  placed 
ist;  a  young  grower  and  fresh  exhibitor  in  the  person 
of  Mr.  Fuller,  gr.  to  |.  While,  Esq,,  St.  Leonard's 
Road,  being  2d,  with  a  fresh  well  grown  lot  of  suitable 
subjects;  Mr.  Martin,  gr.  to  |.  G.  Langham,  Esq., 
West  Down,  was  awarded  3d  ;  extra  prizes  being 
allotted  to  Mr.  J.  Gore  and  Mr.  Jupp. 

For  six  Fuchsias  Mr.  Portnell  was  awarded  the 
ist  prize,  with  a  good  lot  of  plants  ;  Mr.  Wise.  gr.  to 
Major  G.  C.  Holroyd,  The  Links,  Meads,  being  2d  ; 
and  Mr.  Liggs  3d. 

Fuchsias  are  always  well  shown  along  the  South  Coast, 
and  this  was  no  exception  to  the  rule.  Zonal  Pelargo- 
niums are  likewise  exceedingly  well  done,  as  may  be 
imagined  when  good  growers  like  Mr.  Gilbert  can  only 
secure  a  3d  prize.  Mr.  Portnell  was  placed  ist,  and 
Mr.  Wise  2d  in  this  class. 

Begonias  were  well  represented  by  two  collections 
from  Mr.  Costick,  gr.  to  R.  HimsoU,  Esq..  Old  Orchard  ; 
and  Mr.  Tugwell.  gr.  to  I.  Swift,  Esq..  Southfields. 

In  the  class  for  six  Coleus  Mr.  Fuller  and  Mr.  E. 
Hemsley,  gr.  to  A.  Dore,  Esq.,  Arundel  Terrace,  were 
such  close  competitors  that  the  judges  awarded  them 
each  equal  ist  prizes. 

Specimens  of  flowering  and  foliage  plants  were  also 
good,  Mr.  Rann  securing  ist  honours  with  a  fine  Croton 
in  the  latter  class. 

Decorations  for  the  dinner-table  (flowers  and  fruit 
combined)  produced  excellent  competition,  and  were  a 
source  of  great  attraction  throughout  the  afternoon. 
The  taste  displayed  in  the  winning  arrangements  evinced 
considerable  skill  and  forethought  on  the  part  of  the 
ladies  by  whom  they  were  set  up  To  ^Tiss  Sutton,  of 
South  Street,  was  awarded  the  ist  prize  for  a  very  light 
and  elegant  arrangement;  Miss  A.  M.  Skinuer  taking 
2d.;  and  Mrs.  G.  H.  Cork  taking  3d  honours.  Taking 
into  consideration  the  long  period  of  drought,  all  the 
various  classes  for  hardy  cut  flowers  were  exceedingly 
well  represented  throughout. 

For  thirty-six  cut  Roses.  Messrs.  F.  Woollard  &  Son, 
The  Cooksbridge  Nu^^eries.  was  placed  ist  ;  Mr.  G.  W. 
Piper,  of  Uckfield  and  Piltdown  Nurseries,  being  2d  ; 
and  Mr.  Slaughter  (an  amateur),  of  Steyning,  taking  3d 
place.  This  was  a  good  class.  For  twenty-four  cut  Roses 
Mr.  Simmonds.  gr.  to  Rev.  R.  C.  Hales,  secured  the  ist 
position;  Mr.  Slaughter  in  this  CASe  being  2d.  A  good 
display  of  cut  Roses  (not  for  competition)  were  staged  by 
Mr.  Knight,  ot  Hailsham. 

Dahlias  were  well  represented  in  the  three  winning 
collections  of  twelve  eich.  Mr.  Simmonds  taking  ist, 
and    Mr.  W.  Gower  the  2d  prize 

Collections  of  annuals,  Pnlox  Drummondi.  and  her- 
baceout  cut  flowers  were  in  each  respective  class  shown 
in  good  condition. 

Only  one  competitor  entered  the  lists  for  British  wild 
flowers,  his  productions  and  correct  nomenclature  are  so 
well  known,  both  locally  and  in  London,  he  having  won 
premier  honours  at  the  Regent's  Park  shows  and  eUe- 
.vhere.  Mr.  M.  K.  Dixon,  gr.  to  Sir  S.  M.  Wilson. 
Series,  Uckfield.  again  on  this  occasion  produced  such 
examples  of  wild  flowers  indigenous  to  this  country  as  to 
reflect  great  credit  on  his  perseverance  in  their  collection. 

Exotic  cut  flowers  were  shown  of  excellent  quality  by 
Mr.  Portnell,  who  was  ist  ;  and  also  by  Mr.  J.  Blake, 
gr.  toF.  C.  S.  Roper,  Esq.,  Polgate.  and  Mr.  Jupp,  who 
were  2d  and  3d  respectively. 

Fruit. — The  claisses  provided  for  fruit  were  well  repre- 
sented throughout  with  but  one  or  two  exceptions,  and 
the  quality  first-rate,  as  is  the  invariable  rule  at  this  and 
other  Sussex  exhibitions  during  the  season.  Mr.  J. 
Gore  was  the  only  exhibitor  in  the  class  specially  pro- 
vided for  a  collection  of  ten  varieties,  the  number  of  dishes 
required  being  no  doubt  more  than  many  growers  could 
produce  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  The  same  exhibitor 
ook  ist  in  the  class  for  nine  kinds,  also  being  followed 
tn  this  case  by  Mr.  J.  Blake. 

A  capital  representative  collection  of  fruit  and  vege- 
tables was  staged  (not  for  competition)  by  Mr.  F.  D, 
Dann,  of  Pevensey. 

For  Pine-apples  the  ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  J. 
Hopkins,  gr.  to  R.  Thornton,  Esq  ,  High  Cross,  Fram- 
field,  he  being  again  in  the  premier  position  with  three 
bunches  of  black  Grapes  ;  Mr.  A.  McBean,  gr.  to  G.  P. 
Wragg,  Esq.,  Upperton,  following  in  this  case. 

For  white  Grapes,  Mr.  Foxley  of  Witham  Cottage, 
was  ist ;  Mr.  Chatfield,  gr.  to  T.  Holman,  Esq  ,  East 
Hoathly,  was  2d. 

The  classes  provided  for  cottagers  produced  a  large 
competition,  both  fruits,  vegetables,  plants,  and  cut 
flowers  being  of  a  high  order  of  merit.  J .  H. 


TAUNTON    DEAN    HORTICULTURAL: 
August  13. 

The  show  in  the  Vivery  Park  on  this  occasion  was  of 
a  similar  character  to  those  that  have  preceded  it  in 
recent  years,  so  far  as  the  excellence  of  the  productions 
went ;  but  in  one  or  two  of  the  leading  departments, 
including  stove  and  greenhouse,  flowering  and  fine- 
leaved  plants,  it  was  thinner  than  heretofore. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
In  the  open  class  of  twelve,  in  bloom,    Mr.    Lock 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


249 


gr.  to  P.  W.  Cleaver,  Esq  ,  Crediton,  was  easily  ist 
with  a  grand  dozen,  large  and  finely  flowered  ;  they  con- 
sisted of  Lapagerias  alba  and  rosea,  covered  with  their 
showy  flowers  ;  Ixora  Prince  of  Orange  and  I.  Duftii. 
each  some  4V  feet  through,  and  full  of  bloom  ;  Dipla- 
dt-nia  amabilis,  in  excellent  order  ;  Stephanotis  flori- 
bnnda,  Eucharis  amaronica,  Allamanda  Hendersoni, 
and  several  Heaths  ;  2J,  Mr.  Cypher,  with  a  smaller  set 
of  plants  than  we  have  usually  seen  him  exhibit  at 
Taunton.  With  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  the  order 
was  reversed,  Mr.  Cypher  taking  ist  and  Mr.  Lock  2d. 
the  winning  collection  were  amongst  the  best  examples 
of  skilful  cultivation  we  have  seen  for  some  time  ;  they 
comprised  Phoenocoma  prolifera  Barnesii,  at  least 
5*  feet  through,  and  covered  with  its  bright  rosy  flowers  ; 
Ixora  Pilgrimi,  a  splendid  specimen,  with  the  flowers 
unusually  fine  in  colour  ;  Stalice  profusa,  Erica  Thonip- 
soni,  E.  Irbyana,  and  Allamanda  nobilis,  equally  well 
done  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lock,  with  a  nice  group. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 
Mr.  Lock  was  the  only  exhibitor  in  the  open  class  for 
eight,  taking  ist  with  a  large  and  well  grown  collection, 
which  contained  Croton  Weismanni,  C.  WiUtamsi,  and 
C.  Warneri,  all  in  beautiful  order  ;  an  immense  example 
of  Latania  borbonica,  and  several  other  Palms,  with 
Cycas  revoluta,  large,  and  in  fine  condition. 

Fkrns. 
Of  eight  exotic  varieties,  Mr.  Lock  was  the  only  exhi- 
bitor, being  ist  with,  amongst  others,  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  Cyathea  mednllaris,  C.  dealbata,  Gleichenia 
spelunc;:e.  Davallia  Mooreana,  and  the  charming  D. 
fijiensis,  with  Marattia  Cooperi,  a  fine  and  distinct  Fern. 

Tuberous  Begonias 
were  very  well  shown,  the  plants  collectively  being  large. 
well-flowered,  and  stout  in  growth.     With  eight  varieties 
,Mr.  H.  Godding  took  ist  ;  Mr.  S.  Tottle  2d. 

Orchids. 

Mr.  Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  four,  taking  ist 

honours  with  well-bloomed  plants,  including  Saccolabium 

Blumei    major,    bearing    three  good  spikes ;    Catileya 

supeibiens,  Dendrobium  Dearei,  and  Lcelia  purpurata. 

Fuchsias 
were  well  represented,  most  of  the  plants  staged  b-ing 
medium  in  size,  fresh  and  profusely  bloomed.     Mr,  H. 
Godding  and   Mr.   Henley,  gr.  to  F.  Woodland.  Esq., 
were  ist  and  2d,  with  six,  in  the  order  of  their  names. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums 
are  better  shown  at  Taunton  than  in  many  places,  the 
plants  individually  not  so  large  as  sometimes  met  with, 
but  well-flowered  and  less  formally  trained.  P"or  eight 
Mr.  H.  Godding  was  ist,  with  a  meritorious  collection  ; 
2d,  Mr.  8.  Tottle.  Eight  nosegays.  —  ist,  Mr.  H.  God- 
ding. Eight  variegated  varieties,  lour  gold  and  four 
silver  tricolors.  — ist.  Mr.  H.  Godding.  Double  zonals 
were  also  well  shown.  Mr.  H.  Goddm'g  and  Mr.  Henley 
being  bracketted  equal  ist. 

Division  II.— .\ma tkuks. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  plants,— With  twelve,  Mr.  Lock 
again  scored  ist  honours,  staging  a  nicely  bloomed  set  of 
plants,  the  best  of  which  were  Ixora  Prince  of  Orange, 
the  while  flowered  I.  Colei.  Erica  ampullacea  Barnesii, 
and  Phccnocoma  prolifera  ;  2d,  J.  Paine,  Esq. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants.— 1st.  Mr.  Thomas, 
gr.  to  W.  G.  Marshall.  Esq..  with  a  well  managed  half- 
dozen,  the  best  of  which  were  Ixora  Williamsi,  Erica 
tricolor  Wilsoni,  and  Bougainvillea  glabra. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 

Here  also  Mr.  Lock  had  ist.  again  staging  a  beautiful 
lot,  including  Croton  Prince  Prince  of  Wales,  one  of 
the  best  of  the  long  narrow-leaved  sorts,  and  Keniia 
Fosteriana. 

Ferns. 

In  the  class  for  six  exotic  kinds,  the  ist  prize  went  to 
Mr.  Lock,  who  had  well  managed  exainples  of  Davallia 
Tyermanii,  Gleichenia  Mendelii,  G.  rupestrisglaucescens. 
and  Adiantum  concinnum  latum  ;  2d.  Mr.  Henly,  who 
likewise  had  a  pretty  set  of  plants.  Mr.  Lock  was  to  the 
fore  with  hardy  Ferns,  having  a  very  fine  collection  ;  2J, 
Mr.  Huxtable,  gr.  to  F.  W.  Newton,  Esq. 

COLEUS. 

These  were  present  in  fine  condition. — With  six  Mr. 
Thomas  had  i^t,  his  plants  being  well  grown  and  highly 
coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bradbeer,  gr.  to  W.  B.  Hellard.  E^q. 

Four  Achimenes. — ist,  Mr.  Thomas,  with  nicely 
flowered  examples. 

Gloxinias 
in  nice  condition  came  from  Mr.  Bradbeer,  who  was  ist 
with  four. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  much  better  represented  than  the  ad- 
vanced season  and  the  exceedingly  dry  state  of  the 
weather  would  have  led  us  to  expect.  With  foriy-eiglt 
single  blooms,  distinct  varieties,  open,  Messrs.  Kcynts 
&  Co  ,  Salisbury,  took  the  lead,  having  a  very  good  lot 
of  flowers  ;  Mes>rs.  R.  Mack  &  Sons.  Catteritk  Bridg'=-, 
Yorkshire,  a  good  2d.  For  twenty-four  varieties,  three 
blooms  of  each,  open,  Messrs.  Keynes  were  again  ist, 
here  also  staging  fine  blooms;  equal  2d,  Mr.  Campbell, 
gr.  to  S.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  Bath,  and  Messrs.  Mack,  both 
showing  well. 

In  the  amateurs'  classes,  Roses  were  also  well  shown. 
Mr.  Campbell  was  1st  with  twenty-four,  staging  a 
meritorious  set  of  blooms  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Davis.     Twelve 


'  '  ses  (amateurs).  —  1st.  Mr.  Campbell;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Davis.  Twelve  Tea  Roses  (amateurs). — ist,  Mr.  Camp"- 
bell  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Davis,  Twelve  bunches  of  cut 
flowers.— ist,  Mr.  Lock  with  a  fine  collection,  which, 
amongst  others,  contained  Dipladenias,  Ixoras,  Alla- 
mandas.  Heaths,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Paine.  Twenty-four 
Gladiolus  —Of  these  Mr.  Dobree  was  the  only  exhibitor, 
taking  a  well-merited  ist  with  a  magnificent  lot  of  spikes. 
Hollyhocks. — With  twenty-four,  and  also  with  twelve. 
Mr.  W.  Smith  had  ist  ;  Mr.  W.  Davis  being  2d  in  the 
class  for  twelve.  Phloxes  were  very  good,  Mr.  W.  Smith 
taking  the  lead  with  twelve  spikes,  Mr.  H.  Godding  2d. 

Dahliis  were  as  well  represented  as  often  seen  later 
in  the  season,  the  ist  prize  for  twenty-four  going  to 
Messrs.  Keynes,  who  had  a  beautiful  stand  of  full-sized 
flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  j.  Nation,  Staplegrove.  Twtlve 
Dahlias. — ist,  Messrs.  Keynes,  here  again  staging  fine 
blooms  ;  2d,  %\x.  Nation.  Twelve  fancy  Dahlias.^ 
With  these  Messrs.  Keynes  were  also  ist,  Mr.  Nation 
2d.  Twelve  single  Dahliis. — ist,  Mr.  Nation  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  J.  Cooling  &  Son,  Bath. 

Table  Decorations. 

Miss  Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor  in  the  class  for  a 
table  laid  out  in  the  usual'way.  with  flowers  and  fruit, 
taking  ist  with  a  tasteful  arrangement.  Single  stand  of 
flowers.— ist,  Miss  Cypher  ;  2d.  Mrs.  E,  Blake. 

For  a  hand  bouquet  Miss  Cypher  was  ist,  with  one 
of  the  best  ex:imples  we  have  ever  seen  her  exhibit, 
alike  noteworthy  for  the  arrangement  of  the  flowers  as 
for  the  good  combination  of  colour.  Bouquets  of  wild 
flowers  were  numerous  and  very  well  arranged,  Mrs. 
S.  Reed  being  ist,   Mr.  T.  H.  Bennett  2d. 

Fruit 
is  generally  well  represented  here,  and  on  the  present 
occasion  was  better  than  usual.  In  the  class  for  ten 
dishes.  Mr.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  Marston, 
Fronie,  stood  prominently  in  front  with  a  very  good  col- 
lection, containing  Black  H-miburgh  and  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grapes,  a  good  Smooth  Cayenne  Pine, 
Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches.  Lord  Napier  Nectarines, 
Hemskirk  Apricots.  Brown  Turkey  Figs,  Eastnor  Castle 
Melon,  and  Jargonelle  Pears,  all  good.  The  three 
bunches  of  black  Hamburgh  Grapes  in  this  collection 
were  as  near  pertect  as  they  are  ever  likely  to  be  met 
with,  medium-sized,  beautiiully-shaped  bunches  of  Urge, 
even  berries,  in  every  way  up  to  the  mark  in  condition. 
2d,  Mr.  Grossman,  gr.  to  J.  Brutton,  Esq.,  also  showing 
a  nice  collection. 

Eight  dishes. — With  these  Mr.  Grossman  took  the 
lead  with  a  creditable  lot  of  truit.  the  best  being  Black 
Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes.  Pitmaston 
Orange  Nectarines,  Early  York  Peiches,  and  Victory  ot 
Bath  Melon  ;  2d.  Mr.  Reed.  gr.  to  F.  J.  C.  Parsons,  Esq. 

Four  dishes. — ist,  Mr.  Iggulden,  here  also  staging 
excellent  fruit,  consisting  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. 
Crimson  Galande  Peaches,  beautifully  coloured  ;  fine 
Apple  Nectarine  and  Hero  of  Lockinge  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Dafurn,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Walker. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. — ist,  Mr. 
Iggulden,  who  here  again  staged  fauhless  examples  of  this 
fine  old  sort;  2d,  Mr.  Cooper,  gr.  to  C.  L.  ColUrd.  E-t;. 

Three  bunches  of  any  oUier  black  Grape.  — Here  Mr. 
Cooper  was  placed  isi.  Mr.  Dafurn  2d,  and  Mr.  Cro^t- 
man  3d  ;  the  la^t-named  exhibitor  having  the  most 
meritorious  exhibit  in  the  class — Madresficld  Court, 
beautifully  finished. 

Three  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria.— With  these 
Mr.  Lloyd,  gr.  to  V.  Siuckey.  Esq.,  took  the  lead,  having 
good  bundles,  nicely  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  C.  Rafarel. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  Muscats  excluded. — 
1st,  Mr.  W.  C.  Rafarel,  showing  Duke  of  Buccleuch, 
in  good  condition  ;  2d,  Mr.  Clarke,  gr.  to  C.  E.  J. 
Esdaile,  Esq,,  with  Buckland  Sjveetwater,  very  well  done. 

Dish  of  Peaches.  —  ist.  Mr.  Iggulden,  who  had  a  good 
dish  of  Royal  George,  full-sized  truit,  nicely  coloured  ; 
2d.  Mr.  Lloyd,  with  Bellegarde. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.  — ist.  Mr.  Dafurn,  with  Newing- 
ton,  handsome  fruit,  highly  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cross- 
man. 

Single  Melon,  any  colour.— ist.  Mr.  T.  Paul,  with 
Hero  of  Lockinge  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Ricks,  showing  Blen- 
heim Orange. 

Vegetables 

were  wonderfully  well  shown,  considering  the  dryness  of 
the  season.  With  ten  dishes  Mr.  T.  Frost  had  ist. 
Six  dishes. — In  this  class  also  ist  honours  went  to  Mr. 
Frost,  Mr.  H.  Moore  being  2d.  Collection  of  Potatos. 
—ist,  Mr.  W.  Greedy  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Moore. 

Messrs.  Lucombe.  Pince  &  Co.,  Ex'eler,  and  Messrs. 
R.Veitch&Son.  Exeter,  both  contributed  finecollections  of 
miscellaneous  plants  and  cut  flowers,  not  for  competi- 
tion. From  Messrs.  Kelway,  Langport.  came  a  fine 
lot  of  Gladiolus  and  Gaillardia  flowers. 

Mr.  T.  S,  Ware,  Tottenham,  had  a  beautiful  colec- 
tion  of  cut  flowers  ;  Mr.  Dobree,  Wellington,  an  exten- 
sive display  of  Gladiolus,  fine  varieties  in  fine  condition  ; 
and  Mr.  E.  |.  Jarman,  Chard,  Gloxinias,  Begonias,  and 
Roses.  

GRANTHAM    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  fourteenth  exhibition  of  the  above  Society  was 
held  August  13.  and  was  a  great  succe5s.  Tne  entries 
were  tar  in  excess  of  the  previous  one.  The  weather  was 
very  fine,  and  the  company  very  large.  The  show  was 
well  arranged,  and  the  arduous  duties  of  the  secretary 
were  well  performed,  ably  assisted  by  the  committee. 
We  trust  they  wiH  have  a  financial  success,  as  the  Society 
is  worthy  of  being  established  upon  a  firm  basis.  Every 
inducement  is  offered  to  the  cottagers.  The  Society 
annually  distributes  gratuitously  seeds  and  plants  to  those 
willing  to  compete.  This  liberal  offer  is  taken  advantage 
ot.    The  products  of  those  in  the  cottagers'  class  were 


highly  meritorious.  The  principal  feature  of  the  show 
was  the  groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  the  ist  prize 
^^  £^°  going  to  Mr.  Thacker,  of  Nottingham,  for  a  very 
fine  artistic  arrangement  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lyon,  gr.  to  Lady 
Ossmgton,  Newark,  who  had  a  good  group  of  fine- 
coloured,  well-grown  plants,  a  little  too  crowded  ;  3d, 
Sir  J.  H.  Thorold,  Syslon  Park  ;  gr.,  Mr.  Ashley. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  or  out  of 
flower.  — 1st.  Mr.  Thacker;  closely  2d,  Mr.  Lyon. 

For  six  Ferns  the  1st  prize  was  easily  taken  by  Mr. 
Lyon  for  a  well-grown  half-dozen  ;  2d,  ].  R.  Boyall, 
Esq.   (gr..  Mr.  Melville). 

Table  plants  were  good,  and  compeiilion  strong  i:t 
prize  for  six,  a  pretty  even  lot  from  Mr.  German,  gr.  to 

i.  Cutts,  E  q.,  Nottingham  ;  2d.  Mr.  Lyon,  who  aLo 
ad  a  nice  light  graceful  halt  dozen.  Coleus  were  good. 
Begonias  and  Gloxinias  poor,  except  those  awarded  ist 
prize. 

Cut  Flowers. 
Roses  were  fairly  shown,  the  principal  prizes  going  to 
Mr.  House,  nurseryman.  Peterborough,  and  Messrs.  [. 
&  W.  Brown,  Stamford.  Dahlias,  both  single  and 
double,  were  good,  the  isl  prize  going  to  Mr.  House. 
Bouquet,  button-hole,  and  epergue.— These  were  wtll 
to  the  (ore.  Bouquets  good,  both  those  composed  of 
wild  flowers  as  well  as  the  bridal  and  ball  bouquets. 
Epergnes  were  also  good.  Wild  grasses  and  flowtrs 
were  likewise  well  shown,  one  stand  alone  havi;ig  o\er 
130  varietie  properly  named. 

Fruit 
was  good.  Fine  collections  were  staged  by  Mr.  Lyon, 
who  was  ist.  closely  followed  by  Mr.  Melville,  gr.  to  Mr:^. 
Hornsby,  Grantham.  Grapes  ^re  good,  fine  bunches, 
well  coloured,  good  berries,  ist  prize  for  whites. — Good 
examples  of  Muscats  were  shown  by  Mr.  Edmunds,  gr, 
to  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  St.  Alban's  ;  Mr.  Gilber-. 
Burghley.  2d.  Black  Grapes.  —  Mr.  Melville.gr.  to  J.  K. 
Boye,  Esq,  was  ist ;  Mr.  Gilbert  2d — both  showed  fine 
examples.  Longest  and  heaviest  bunch. — ist  priz  ■,  Mr. 
Edmund,  Bestwood  ;  ad,  Mr.  Melville.  Granihim. 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  Apples,  Plums,  &c  ,  were  wtll 
shown,  likewise  Melons. 

Cottagers  came  to  the  fore  well  ;  good  examples  of 
vegetables  and  fruit  were  shown  extensively,  likewise 
flowering  plants. 

The  Blacksmith  Potato,  raised  by  the  late  Mr.  Don, 
attracted  attention. 

.A,  splendid  new  yellow  Tomato,  of  fine  flavour—many 
fruit  weighing  over  13  oz. — was  exhibited  by  Mr.  P'ibli. 
Curator,  Botanical  Gaiden,  Churchtown,  which  was 
Highly  Commended  by  the  judges,  whose  decisions 
seemed  to  give  every  satisfaction  in  the  various  depirt- 
ments.  A.  O. 


ATHERSTONE     FLORAL    AND    HORTL 
CULTURAL. 

The  sixth  annual  exhibition  of  the  above  flourishing 
Society  was  held  on  August  3  in  the  beautiful  grounds 
of  Mcrevale  Paik.  which  was  kindly  placed  at  the  di.s- 
posal  of  the  committee  by  Mrs.  Dugdale.  1  he  show, 
despite  the  dry  weather,  was  superior  to  any  of  iis  pre- 
decessors, the  lowest  estimate  of  visitors  being  14,000. 
the  sum  of  ^251  being  taken  at  the  gates,  exclusive  t.f 
tickets  to  the  value  ot  £2^  sold  in  the  town  previous. 
The  productions  of  the  professional  gardeners  occupied 
four  large  tents.  The  first  contained  a  collection  of 
specimen  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  ;  the  second 
collections  of  plants  arranged  in  groups  for  conservatory 
decoration,  of  which  there  were  four  fine  lots  well  set 
up,  also  a  strong  competition  in  single  speciuiers  of 
Palms,  Orchids,  Ferns,  &c.  The  third  was  filled  wiih 
fruit  and  cut  flowers,  generally  very  good,  the  Grapes 
especially  being  in  quantity  and  fine.  Plants  for  table 
decoration  were  also  in  this  tent,  and  a  large  group  of 
useful  flowering  and  foliage  plants  from  the  nurseries  of 
Mr.  Woodford,  Atherstone  (not  tor  competition).  A 
fourth  contained  the  vegetables,  very  good  indeed,  espe- 
cially when  the  dry  weather  is  taken  into  consideration. 
A  very  large  tent  was  well  filled  by  the  cottagers,  many  of 
whose  productions  would  have  held  their  own  in  compe- 
tition with  the  professionals.  Here  the  competition  was 
exceedingly  keen,  and  taxed  the  judges'  patience  and 
skill  to  the  utmost.  A  sixth  tent  contained  the  produc- 
tions of  amateurs,  also  honey  and  dairy  produce  Iroui 
the  neighbouring  farmers — a  very  fine  lot  indeed. 


NATIONAL    GOOSEBERRY    SHOW: 
August  3. 

i  held  at   the  Royal   Botanical  Gi 


Manchester. 


Benjamin  Cheadle 
Daniel  Bower 
lames  Walton 
Jame<  SaUbi.ry 
Edinond  hjalsbury 
John  Torkington 
James  Walton 
Alfred  Tomkinson 
James  Salsbury 


i  He 


James  Warburti 
Alfred  Tomkins 
William  Robin ^.1 


E    BekRIES. 

Name  of  Do 
Lord  Derby. 
Blucher. 
Speedwell. 
Bobby. 
Clayton. 
Ringer. 
Leveller. 
Lady  Dauqhton. 
High  ShenlT. 
Hero  of  the  Nile. 
Stockwc.I. 
Shiner. 

Plunder.' 
TtriUish  Oak. 
Transparent. 

Fascination. 
King  of  Trumps. 
Faithful. 


250 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885. 


Dwt.G 

James  Warburton. 

Red,. 

Lord  Derby    . . 

James  Salsbury      . 

Yellow . 

Ringer.. 

■■     39     = 

John  lorkington  . 
James  Bower         . 

Green    . 

Surprise 

••     =9 

White    . 

pascmatioQ     .. 

..     30 

Premi 

E  Prizes. 

James  Salsbury     . 

Red 

Maccaroni 

..     23 

l^dmond  Silsbury. 

Yellow  . 

Rmger 

..       22       1 

Benjamin  C^eadle. 

Green    . 

Surprise 

..       20      I 

John  KnowU 
James  Harvey       . 

White   . 

Transparent   . . 

..       20       I 

Red       . 

C  ompanion      . . 

..       20 

James  Th^dfall      . 

Yellow  . 

Leveller 

John  Clark  . . 

Green    . 

Diadem 

..       iS      2 

Samuel  Burchenall 

White   . 

Priucess  Royal 

..       20 

Juhn  Buot  . . 

Red       . 

Lord  Derby    ., 

20 

Fohn  lorkington  . 

Yellow  . 

Thatcher 

Hamlet  Foden 

Green   .. 

Plunder 

..       18      I 

Alfred  Tomkinson. 

White    . 

King  of  Trumps 

..      iS     1 

Bradley  Bradley  . 

Red       .. 

Bluther 

..  19  I 

Robert  Downs 

Yellow  .. 

Catherina 

..    18    I 

Green    .. 

Shiner.. 

..    18 

James  Bower 
Frank  CI  IT  . . 

White   .. 

Peto      .. 

Bobby     . 

Robert  Whitehurst 

»( 

Garibaldi 

..    18 

William  Riley       . 

Slockwell 

..      iS 

Class  Pki. 


:-Red. 


James  Salsburj-.,  ..         t.  Bobby  .. 

Edmond  Salsbury       Falstaff 

Edmond  Salsbury         ..  ..  London 

James   laUbury . .  . .  . .  Governor 

John  Knowls Lord  Derby     .. 

Bradley  Hradley  ..  ..  Blucher 

J^mes  Hervey    . .  . .  , .  Companion 

Robert  >v  hitehurst        ..  ..  Clayton 

James  Bower Stockwell 

Robert  Downs    ..  ..  ..  Seedlmg  Firbob 

Alfred  Tomkinson         ..  ..  Ploughboy 


^ider 


James  SnUbury Thatoher 

James  Salsbury Mount  Pleasant 

James  Hervey Gaiibaldi 

John  Knuwls Leveller 

tdmond  Salsbury        ..         ..  Ringer.. 

Alf.ed  iomkinsoii         . .  . .  Drill      . . 

Janei  Hervey Wakeful 

Benjamin  Cheadle         ..  ..  Lady  Haughton 

Jamei  Threlfall. High  Sher.ff  .. 

Ri'bert  llowns Catherina 

John  Torkinglon  . .  . .  Favonius 

WihamRik-y Oldham 

Green'. 

James  Salsbury  . .  . .  Stockwell 

James  Salsbury  ..  ..  Surprise 

Edmond  Salsbury         ..  ..  Hospool 

Edmond  Salsburj'         ..  ..  Shiner.. 

Iam'.-s  Threlfall Diadem 

Riley    .. 


Downs British  Oake  . 

..  Telegraph 

..  Sir  George  Brc 

..  Matchless        . 

..  Seedling 

..  Cheerful 


Edmond  Salsbury         . .  . .  Princess  Ro^'al 

James  Salsbury. .  ..  ..  Transparent,.. 

James  Salsbury Careless 

John  Knowls Antagonist 


Edmond  Salsbury 

. .      Succeed 

Juhn  Torkington 

..     Fascination     .. 

Benjamin  Cheadle 

..     Overseer 

Robert  Downs  .. 

..     Hit  or  Miss    .. 

.\lfrc.lTomki.ison 

King  of  frumps 

William  Riley    .. 

. .     Freedom 

lohn  B0..1 

.  ,     Snowdrop 

William  Riley    .. 

■  •      Postman 

CAar/es   Leicester,    Secretary,    Nitrseryt, 
Road,  Macclesfield. 


SIR     CHARLES      BUNBURY'S 

ARBORETUM. 

There  are  several  residences  near  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's notable  for  environmenis  of  coniferous  and 
forest  trees.  Hardwick,  Mr.  Mtlner  Gibson's  beau- 
tiful home,  over  which  the  presiding  genius  is  D.  T. 
Fish,  has  the  lawn,  grounds,  and  park  studded  with 
fine  trees.  A  Copper  Beech  planted  on  a  mound,  <> 
la  Dropmore,  is  a  perfect  specimen,  and  near  it  is 
a  gaunt-limbed  Cedar  of  Lebanon,  that  mi^^ht  well 
have  been  brought  to  England  by  a  Crusader  !  But  a 
few  strides  apart  is  a  Medlar,  never  more  than  12  feet 
high,  but  which  takes  fifty-seven  good  paces  to  cir* 
cumamVmlate.  No  need  to  form  a  clump  of  dwarfed 
Laurels  or  other  shrubs  when  the  same  effect  can  be 
produced  by  one  tree,  and  that  useful  to  boot.  In 
the  gr  mnds  are  some  noble  Araucariis  and  Pines, 
including  a  Pinus  excelsa  that  would  be  hard  to 
surpass  here  in  England.  Within  a  mile  is  Nowlon 
Court,  where  there  grows  a  Wellingtonia  that  will 
also  challenge  comparison.  Six  miles  to  the  south- 
east is  Driiikstone  Park,  where  the  Hsmlocks  mur- 
mur over  the  highway,  and  where  the  planta- 
tions exhibit  an  absolutely  flawless  prosperity. 
But  I  have  chosen  Sir  Charles  Banbury's  arboretum 
at  Barton,  because  in  every  sen>e  it  justifies  the  term, 
and  may  be  taken  as  an  example  of  natural  arrange* 
ment.     We  have  got  so  used  to  trim  lawns  dotted  at 


regular  intervals  with  living  sugar  cones,  and  to 
observe  trees  seriatim,  that  the  view  of  an  artless 
imitation  of  Nature  affects  our  consciousness  of  beauty 
in  the  same  way  as  an  undreamt-of  pleasure  flushes 
the /'/<i5c' man  of  the  world.  Ttie  mind  feels  full  ot 
it,  nor  is  it  any  transient  enthusiasm. 

This  arboretum  is  the  exact  mean  between  being  too 
far  from  and  too  near  the  mansion.  The  approach  is  by 
a  shrubbery  path,  and  you  come  upon  the  object  of  your 
quest  without  any  sure  conviction  that  you  have 
reached  your  destinalination.  This  is  owing  to  the 
admirable  admixture  of  deciduous  trees,  which  now 
overhang  the  path,  now  leave  a  gap  of  lawn,  dis- 
closing an  aspiring  Conifer.  When  there  is  open 
space  everything  is  not  cut  away  for  a  particular  tree  ; 
the  upper  half  perhaps  is  visible,  but  you  must  get  to 
the  other  side  of  a  spreading  Magnolia  acuminata  to 
see  its  proportions.  Again,  the  branches  of  the  trees 
very  often  interlace  at  the  foot.  One  tree  is  not  re- 
moved because  it  is  within  reach  of  another.  And 
who  will  say  that  the  two  together,  whether  fluttering 
at  the  behest  of  the  winds  or  peacefully  absorbing  the 
sunlight,  are  not  as  pretty  as  one  statuesque  tree,  look- 
ing as  conscious  of  deportment  as  a  sculptured  figure 
of  Hermes  on  one  leg  ?  This  clear  reach  of  60  feet 
of  channelled  pariicjloured  bark  with  the  stumps  of 
whilom  branches,  looking  like  fangs,  still  remaining, 
who  will  say  that  it  is  one  whit  less  impressive  than 
yonder  Thuia  gi^antea  as  regular  in  shape  as  if  it 
were  a  witch's  hat  ?  There  is  nothing  formal  about 
the  planting  of  the  trees  at  Barton,  and  yet  within  a 
small  space  are  contained  a  very  large  and  varied  col- 
lection of  foreign  trees  that  will  endure  our  winters. 

Taking  the  deciduous  trees  first,  the  most  super- 
ficial observer  could  hardly  help  feasting  on  the 
beauty  of  Juglans  nigra.  The  large  striking  foliage, 
brightly  culoured,  makes  it  one  of  the  best  lawn  trees 
possible.  It  is  very  effective  when  planted  by  the  side 
of  smaller-leaved  trees.  There  is  a  fine  wide-spread 
specimen  of  Gleditschia  triacanthos.  This  is  the  Money 
Locust  tree  of  North  America.  G.  horrida,  from  China, 
is  also  well  represented.  This  is  a  dwarfer  tree,  and 
very  suitable  for  mixed  masses  of  foliage.  A  very 
ornamenial  tree  in  a  full  grown  state  is  Gyranocladus 
canadensis.  The  leaves,  which  are  made  up  of  pairs 
of  stcondary  leaflets,  are  long,  and  dull  green  in 
colour.  Tne  flowers  are  white,  and  are  produced  in 
racemes  from  the  axiU  of  the  leaves.  The  limber 
is  durable,  and  is  made  considerable  use  of  in  the 
United  States  of  America,  where  the  first  settlers  are 
said  to  have  used  its  .^eeds  as  a  substitute  for  Coffee; 
hence  it*  soubriquet  of  Coffee  tree.  The  meaning  ot  the 
bolanicil  name  can  easily  be  realised  by  the  appear- 
ance of  the  branches  when  denuded  of  their  leaves. 
Another  prominent  tree  in  this  collection  is  the 
American  Nettle  tree  (Celtis  occidentali>).  The 
Cierman  name,  "Lotusbaum,"  immediately  awakes  a 
chord  of  interest,  for  people  are  apt  to  forget  that  C. 
ausiralis  probably  furnished  the  oftentimes  envied  food 
of  the  '*  Lotophagi."  Certainly  the  American  variety 
forms  a  good  tree  for  a  lawn,  and  one  under  which  a 
mortal,  if  so  minded,  could  well  sit  of  a  summer's 
day,  and  wish  it  was  "-always  afternoon."  Other 
noticeable  trees  are  Fagus  asplenifolia,  Pyrus  specia- 
bilis  (Chinese  Apple),  Crataegus  orientalis.  Sugar 
Maple,  and  Acer  creticum,  .-E<ulus  indica  and  flava, 
Ornus  striata,  and  Carya  amara  (the  Bitter  Hickory). 
A  pretty  group  consists  of  a  Cladrastis  (Virgilia)  lutea 
by  the  side  of  a  Judas  tree,  which  it  resembles  in  habit, 
though  quite  different  in  the  hue  of  the  foliage  :  both 
con'rast  with  an  overhanging  Cryptoraeria  jiponica 
and  an  adjoining  Thuia  filiformis.  A  large  Catalpa 
now  in  flower  affords  a  still  greater  contrast  to  an 
arro*y  Pinus  monticoli,  which  seems  to  rear  itself 
from  tht.  midst  of  the  lighter  coloured  foliage. 

The  Conifers  are  not  a  large  collection,  but  the 
greater  part  are  exceedingly  well  grown.  The  Pious 
monticola  mentioned  just  now  is  a  remarkably  fine 
specimen,  and  there  are  likewise  good  examples 
of  P.  excelsa  and  Lambertiana.  There  is  no  better 
coloured  Pme  than  the  last-mentioned,  and  it 
was  a  pleasure  to  observe  it  in  so  thriving  a  condition. 
The  subsoil  is  calcareous.  A  tall  specimen  of  Cedrus 
atlaniica  has  the  ground  beneath  the  branches  covered 
with  ground  Ivy,  from  which  protrude  in  many  places 
beahhy  and  vigorous  Fern  fronds.  The  tout  ensemble 
of  the  glaucous  foliage,  the  dark  and  bright  greenery 
of  the  Ivy  and  the  Fern,  was  very  beautiful.  All 
over  the  lawn,  wherever  practicable,  on  tree  stumps, 
or  in  shaded  angles  of  the  bounding  wall,  the  same 
carpeting  of  any  bare  ground  was  used.  A  specimen 
of  the  Douglas  Fir  is  almost  a  rival  of  the  famous  one 


at  Dropmore.  and  there  are  few,  if  any,  better 
examples  of  Menziesi  than  the  two  tallest  at  Barton. 
Picea  Morinda  succeeds  well  ;  one  tree,  not  so  healthy 
as  the  others,  is  loaded  with  cones.  This  is 
also  the  case  with  Sequoia  sempervirens,  the  tallest 
trees  of  which  are  leaderless.  It  is  seldom  also 
a  Cupressus  Goveniana  can  be  seen  without  a 
heavy  crop  of  cones.  In  South  Portugal,  where 
it  is  an  extremely  common  tree,  the  beautiful 
foliage  is  much  marred  by  the  numbers  of  brown 
cones  still  clinging  to  the  shoots.  The  same  was  the 
case  with  the  Birion  specimen.  One  of  the  gems  of 
the  collection  is  a  grand  specimen  of  Taxodium  dis- 
tichum.  A  free  use  is  made  of  this  Taxodium  to 
brighten  up  any  more  sombre  foliage,  such  as  that  of 
the  Yews.  In  the  distance  it  quite  belies  its  name  of 
Yew-like.  An  extremely  useful  variety,  but  much 
dwarfer,  and  exactly  adapted  for  a  shrubbery,  or  for 
planting  among  flowering  plants,  is  the  Chinese 
Taxodium  (Glyptostrobus  heterophyllus).  The  foliage 
has  the  same  bright  effective  hue  as  T.  distichum,  and 
although  rather  tender,  would  succeed  well  enough  in 
sheltered  positions  in  most  parts  of  the  country. 
C.  A.  M.  C. 


%fy  Mealier. 

STA  TS  Oy  THE  WE  A  THER  A  T  SLACKHBA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Algust  iq,  iSis. 


Glaisher' 
Tables  7th 


■367  S  49  518  OS7  2-  5.04 
-  73 

+I>.35[73.S  45  028.558  9 
77.050 


+0  13 
^■O.IS 


77S5<'-8 
65.5  5S  5 
63.547.0 

TO.lUS  8 


267 


i8-5 


+  1.9 


-  3-' 


58  W.NW, 
N.W. 
N.W. 

N.vr. 

N.W 

"{'W  NW. 

78|i.^*i; 


67       N.W. 


Aug.  13.— Fine  day,  dull,  very  windy. 

—  14. — Fine  bright  day. 

—  15. — Very  fine  day. 

—  16. — Fme  bright  day  and  night. 

—  17. — Fine  day  and  nght. 

—  18.— Dull  day,  fine,  clear  night. 

—  19. — Dull  throughout. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressun.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  15,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.96  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.98  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  9th,  decreased  to  29  67  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  loih,  increased  to  29.85  inches  by  9  A.M., 
decreased  to  29  72  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  1 2th, 
increased  to  30.36  inches  by  9  a.m.,  decreased  to 
3029  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  14th,  increased  to 
3034  inches  by  9  a.m  on  the  ISth,  and  was  30.26 
inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  o(  the  sea  was  29.99  inches,  being  0.C4 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.04  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. —Tht  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  73°.5,  on  the  loih  and  15th  ; 
on  the  14th  the  highest  was  66°.  5.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  70°.  7. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  43*,  on  the  14th  ; 
on  the  loih  the  lowest  temperature  was  57°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
5o°-7- 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
28°.5,  on  the  15'h  ;  the  smallest  was  i6°.5  on  the 
lo'.h.  The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
20'. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  9h,  6l°.4  ; 
on  the  loih,  60°. 7  ;  on  the  nth,  61°. 4  ;  on  the  I2lh, 
60°. 2  ;  on  the  I3ih,  57°.2;  on  the  14'h,  54°. 7  ;  on 
the    15th,    58°.9 ;   and  these    were   all   below  their 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


251 


averages  by  o°.7,  l°.4,  O^.S,  2"*,  5*,  7*.3,  and  2°. 8 
lespeclively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  59°.  2, 
being  the  same  as  last  week,  and  2°.9  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  133°,  on  the  llth.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  120".  I. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  thermometer  placed  on 
grass  was  30°. 4,  on  the  14th,  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  40*".  9. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  two  days  to  the  amount  of 
0.07  inch. 

England  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  15,  the  highest  temperatures  were  77°. S 
at  Cambridge,  73''.5  at  Ulackheath,  73^  at  Shtfticld; 
the  highest  at  Preston  was  67",  at  Bolton  67^4,  at 
Wolveihampton  67^5.  The  general  mean  was 
70^4- 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  37'  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 38'  at  Sheffield  and  Hull  ;  the  lowest 
temperatures  at  Plymouth  47°,  at  Biighton  46". 3,  at 
Liverpool  45'''3.     The  general  mean  was  4^^5. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  38^.7  at  Cambride,  35^ 
at  Sheffield,  34°  at  Hull  ;  the  least  ranges  were  2\'^ 
at  Plymouth,  22  .7  at  Liverpool,  25°  at  Preston.  The 
general  mean  was  2S'  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 

highest  at  Cambridge,  72'.5,  at  Blackheath  70^7,  at 

Brighton   68". 2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,    61^.4, 

at   Preston   6l''.6,  at    Bradford   62". 3.     The  general 

*  mean  was  65". 5. 

The  mean  01  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  53". 5,  at  Plymouth  53^I,  at 
Liverpool  51°.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
46",  at  Bolton  46°. 6,  at  Sheffield  47^3,  The  general 
mean  was  49".  6. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cam- 
bridge, 24''.4,  at  Blackheath  20%  at  Sheffield  19"  4  ; 
and  was  least  at  Preston  II°,  at  Liverpool  11°. 9. 
at  Plymouth  12°. 4.     The  general  mean  was  15°. 9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton 
and  Blackheath  59'. 2,  at  Cambridge  58^6  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  pjlion  52^3,  at  Wolverhampton 
53*.2,  at  Bradford  54°. 2.  The  general  mean  was 
55"  9- 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  1.48  inch  at 
Bolton,  15  2  inch  at  Preston,  0.64  inch  at  Liver- 
pool ;  the  smallest  falls  were  0.07  inch  at  Black- 
heath, o.oS  inch  at  Cambridge.  No  rain  fell  at 
Bnghton.     The  general  mean  (all  was  0.45  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  15,  the  highest  temperature  was  68. "4,  at 
Dundee  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
62°.     The  general  mean  was  40°. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  36. "9,  at 
Dundee;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  43°.9. 
The  general  mean  was  40", 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leiih, 
55*  6  ;  and  lowest  at  Dundee  and  Perth,  53"". 2.  The 
general  mean  was  54°. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  2.47  inch,  at  Greenock, 
the  smallest  fall  was  o  86  inch,  at  Leilh.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  145  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Aug  17,  1885 ;  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  was  rough  and  un- 
settled during  the  earlier  days  of  the  period,  with 
very  heavy  rain  in  some  parts  of  Scotland  and  the 
north-west  of  England,  and  a  few  showers  over 
Ireland  and  the  south  and  east  of  England.  As  the 
week  progressed,  however,  the  sky  cleared,  and  tine, 
dry  weather  became  general. 

The  teviperatiire  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  dcHcit  varying  from  i"  in  the  "  Channel 
Islands,"  and  2°  in  "England,  S.,"  to  3,  4^  or  5° 
ehewhere.  The  highest  of  the  maxima  were  regis- 
tered either  on  the  i6lh  or  17th,  when  they  vaiud 
from  83"  in  "  England,  S.,"  and  between  73°  and  7S' 
in  most  other  districts,  to  63°  in  **  Scotland,  N." 
The  minima,  which  were  generally  recorded  duni  g 
the  early  morning  of  the  I5lh,  were  as  low  as  32^  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  33°  in  "Ireland,  N.,"  and  34*  in 
"  England,  S.W.,"  whilst  elsewhere  they  varied  from 


35'  in  the  southern  and  north-western  parts  of  Eng- 
land, and  in  the  south  ot  Ireland,  to  39"  in  "  Eng- 
land, N.E.,'*and  to  51  in  the  "Channel  Islands." 
On  the  grass  the  readmgs  were  much  lower,  and 
frost  being  experienced  over  the  inland  parts  of  the 
country. 

The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in 
"  Scotland,  E.,"  but  less  in  all  other  districts. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decided  increase  in  all 
districts,  the  percentages' of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  -i^^  in  "  Ireland  N.,"  and  37  in 
"Scotland  N.,"  to  between  60  and  65  over  S.W., 
S.,  and  S.E.  England,  and  78  in  the  "Channel 
Islands." 

Depression^  ohsciveii.—'DMxxng  the  earlier  parts  of 
this  period  the  distribution  of  pressure  continued 
similar  to  that  of  the  close  of  last  week,  the  barometer 
being  highest  over  France,  while  depressions  travelled 
in  an  eastern  or  norih-easteern  direction  over  the 
northern  parts  of  the  kingdom.  Strong  winds  from 
between  S.  and  W.  prevailed  on  all  our  coasts  ;  gales 
were  experitnced  in  many  places,  and  in  some  parts 
of  Scotland  the  force  of  a  strong  or  whole  gale  was 
attained.  By  the  14th,  however,  these  depressions 
were  disappearing,  and  from  this  time  to  the  close  of 
the  period  the  conditions  were  anticyclonic,  and  the 
winds  light  and  variable  on  all  our  coasts. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Vine  Insects  :  J.  Short.  The  caterpillar  is  that  of  a 
moth  described  and  figured  in  our  columns  previously, 
and  here  reproduetd.     The  caterpillars  eat  the  fruit 


and  fasten  the  berries  together  by  a  silky  web:  You 
can  do  nothing  but  endeavour  to  catch  the  marauder. 

-Address  :  Agnes.  We  cannot  give  you  the  address 
you  want. 

Books:  A  Young  Beginner-.  There  is  no  separate  book 
on  the  subject  that  would  suit  you.  Burbidge's  Cultt- 
vtted  Plan's,  &c.  (Blackwood)  would  be  very  usetul 
to  you.  The  Fruit  Mamtal  is  published  at  171,  Fleet 
Street,  price  about  15-r.—  II'.  H.  B.  Bentham's  Hand- 
book of  (he  BritishFUna  (Lovell  keeve  &  Co.). 

Carnation  :  J.  B.  Your  pport  from  the  white  Clove 
is  curious.  The  petals  are  fringed  in  the  ordinary 
way,  but  each  tooth  is  marked  by  a  liny  purplish  spot 
as  in  a  Picotee.  It  should  be  useful  as  a  border 
flower. 

Celosias  :  W.  Tonk:  The  disease,  whatever  it  be,  is 
not  caused  by  fungus  or  insect,  at  least,  no  traces  of 
them  can  be  found.     Has  the  soil  been  analysed  ? 

Crotons:  T.  S.  T.  The  condition  is  the  result  of 
some  check  to  growth.  I'erhaps  you  have  been  using 
loo  strong  a  dose  of  liquid  manure. 

Double  Begonia.^:  B.  The  history  of  these  and  the 
story  of  their  extraordinary  transformations  was  given 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  August  26,  1882,  p.  261, 
with  illustrations.  The  subject  has  also  been  thoroughly 
discussed  in  France  by  M.  Fournier.— A\  O.  A 
good  flower,  resembling  Marcebal  Niel  in  colour  and 
arrangement  of  the  petals.  If  all  the  flowers  are  as 
good  as  the  one  you  rend,  we  should  think  highly  of 
the  v^irieiy.  The  petals  are  curious  botanically,  in 
bearing  ovules  at  their  base.  t  ,^,^  tJ  S'C-^  -■ 


Erkata.— In  the  article  on  "The  Genus  Odontoglos- 
iuni,"'  p.  200,  col.  a,  line  15.  for  "forms  of  construc- 
tion," read  "  forms  of  constrictum."— In  the  report  of 
the  Carmarthen  Horticuliural  Show,  p.  185,  col.  c,  for 
"  cut  II  )wers,  &c.,  from  LUnelly  Gardens,"  read 
"  from  '  Loadstone,'  the  Lady  Florist,  Loadstone  Gar- 
dens, Llanelly." — At  p.  219,  col.  b.  in  obituary  notice, 
instead  of  "The  Gardens,  Wildernesse,  Sevenoaks," 
read  "  The  Vine  Nurseries,  Sevenoaks." —  In  article 
"  Notes  from  a  Buckinghamshire  Garden,"  at  p.  201, 
col.  b.  line  r6,  for  "gardener"  read  "garden;"  at 
col.  c,  line  9,  tor  "  Clematis"  read  "  Delphinium  ;"  in 
line  14.  (or  "  love  "  read  "  lovely  ;"  and  at  p.  202,  last 
line  of  article,  for  "  queer  "  read  "  green." 
GlNSF-NG  :  An  Ohio  Corre%pondent  wants  to  get  some 
pounds  of  the  seed  of  this  plant.  Nowhere,  we 
e.vpect.  will  he  get  them.  The  only  chance  of  getting 
a  seed  or  iwo  would  be  to  apply  to  some  Botanic 
garden,  such  as  that  of  Moscow  or  St.  Petersburg. 
Grafting:  M.R.C.S.  Ballet's  Art  of  Grafting  {yj , 
Southampton  Slreei).  There  is  no  special  work  on 
weeping  irees  that  we  are  aware  of.  nor  is  the  cause  of 
the  phenomenon  patisfactorily  explained.  Such  trees 
usually  originate  as  "sports."  One  bud  or  shoot  is 
foun.l  to  assume  a  pendulous  direction,  and  is  pro- 
p.igated.  Sometimes,  but  not  invariably,  the  phe- 
nomenon is  inherited.  The  best  summary  that  we 
know  of  is  in  Darwin's  Animals  and  Plants  Under 
Domcitication. 
Gkai'Es  Cracking  :  Muscat.  You  have  rightly  attri- 
buted the  cause  of  your  Grapes  cracking  to  cold,  and, 
It  may  be,  a  damp  atmosphere  succeeding  a  dry  one, 
or  a  dry  border.  When  you  atk  for  favours  be  careful 
to  stamp  your  letters  ;  we  hVd  twopence  to  pay  for 
yours.  We  are  willing  to  give  you  advice  gratis,  but 
not  to  pay  the  expenses. 
Grapes  Mildewed  :  J.  P.  P.  Your  Grapes  are 
thickly  infested  with  the  Grape  mildew  ;  they  are  also 
very  badly  rusted.  Nothing  can  be  done  now  to  save 
your  crop  Another  year,  11  you  see  signs  of  mildew, 
ventilate  freely,  and  apply  sulphur,  in  the  form  o(  dust, 
on  the  leaves,  and  after  a  day  or  two  wash  it  off  with  a 
syringe. 
Inskcts  :  F.  B.  B.  i,  the  small  Ladybird  (Cocoinella 
2-punctata);  feeds  on  aphides;  2,  the  Cuckoo-spit 
insect  {Aphrophora  spumaria) :  sucks  various  plai.ts, 
and  discharges  a  white  froth  ;  3,  larva  of  the  sma'l 
Ladybird  ;  feeds  on  aphides.  /.  O,  W. 
Namf.s  oi-'  Plants  :  If.  Foster.  Menispermum  cana- 
dense. — L.  tJliot.  Lilium  Thunbergianum. —  tK  A'., 
< Jblerley.  Bignonia  radicans,  and  a  variegated  form 
of  the  Sweet  Chestnut.  —  D.  Veratrum  nigrum.  — 
C.  G.  I.  Hypericum  pulchrum ;  2,  Erigeron  acre; 
J.  Lrylhra;a  centaurium  ;  4.  Conyzi  squarrosa  ;  5, 
Senecio  Jacobtca  ;  6,  Ajuga  chamiepltys.  This  labt 
is  rare  ;  you  probably  found  it  near  Boxhill. — y.  B. 
I,  Spiraea  Foriunei  ;  2,  Artemisia  argentea  ;  6,  Kch-- 
les  species,  we  cannot  tell  wh'ch,  without  the  flowers  ; 
the  labels  of  the  others  are  detached,  but  we  find 
Veronica  Trasversii,  Berberis  Darwinii  in  fruit,  and 
Clilorophytum  orchidiastrum  with  variegated  leaves. — 
R.  R.  ly.  I,  Deschampsia  Ccespitosa  ;  2  and  3,  Mo- 
linia  coitulea..--: Broomi:eld.  Adiantum  Moritzianum — 
a  large  form  of  A.  Capillus- Veneris  ;  2,  not  well  frucli- 
lied  ;  better  sent  a  perfect  frond  when  more  advanced. 
It  is  probably  a  fine  form  of  A.  Capillus- Veneris  inci- 
sum  ;  3,  Epipactis  latlfolia.  —  T.  R.  ^  Co.  Platyate* 
nion  californicum. — G.  P.  Impatiens  Roylei. 
Vines  and  Tomatos  :  T.  D.  P.  There  are  no  fungi 
whatever  on  the  Tomatos,  and  only  a  very  slight  trace 
of  Oidium  on  the  Vines.  Nothing  in  the  style  of  a 
Peronospora  on  either.  As  for  "rust,"  the  term  is 
always  applied  to  the  berries,  and  not  to  scorched  and 
dried  fuliage?  Probably  the  Vines  have  been  grown 
too  quickly  and  then  exposed  to  dry  heat  of  some  sort, 
and  tills  has  shrivelled  the  younger  twigs  and  the 
edges  of  the  young  leaves  ;  or  they  have  suffered  from 
sulphur. 
1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requebled  to  send  them  10  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal.  41;  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Oftice,  DruryLane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

W.  B.  IlARiLAND.  24.  Patrick  Street,  Cork  —  Ye  Ori- 
ginal Little  Booke  of  Daffodils. 

Haage  ^S:  SCHMIDT,  Erfurt— Catalogue  of  Flower  Bulbs 
and  Roots. 

Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co.,  Quai  de  la  Megisserie, 
Paris. —  Catalogue  of  Bulbs  and  Strawberries. 

I)i(  KhoN  &  Robinson,  12.  Old  Millgate,  Manchester — 
Hyacinths  and  other  Bulbous  Roots. 

Louis  van  Houtte,  Ghent,  Belgium  —  Bulbs  and 
Flower  Roots. 

James  Dickson  &  Son,  32,  Hanover  Street,  Edinburgh 

—  Uiiich  Flower  Roots. 

Louis  de  Smet,   Ledeberg-lez-Gand,    Belgium — Sup- 
plement, to  General  Catalogue. 
]ames  Pukson  &  Sons,  108,  Eastgate  Street,  Chester 

—  Bulbous  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

ViccAKs  COLLYER  &  Co. — Autumn  Catalogue. 


iiMMUNii  ATioNS  ReCeiveu. — Charlcs  Ratiiio,  Innspruck.— 
'  \{.    E.     X.    E.    B.— W.    T.-^J.    Smith.— E.    V.    B.-Dr. 

Ljwsdii,   Halifax.— C.  S.— Torquay..— Mansell.    Guernsey.- 

-\    F.   U.- A.  D.-R.  D.— W.  R.— W.  T.  l}.-},  S.  K.--F. 

-I  O.  B.-J.  George— J.'W.—H.  C— J,  C.  M.-E.  H.- 
T"  Mechan,  — B.  W.-T.  B.-J!  R.— A.  J_>.  W. —Professor 
Willkoirim— A.  De  ,Cjin4olle.^R.  J.  S.— P.  &Co.— C.  S.-- 

C.  T.  D.— J.  S.— A.  O.— C.  L.  ,        ..,„ 


252 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18 


©ftituarg. 


Mr.  Alexander  Tweedie  Nkwbigging. — We 
record  with  regret  the  death  of  Mr.  Alexander  Tweedie 
Newbigging,  of  Kirkbank  House,  Dumfries,  which 
occurred  on  the  ig'.h  inst.  The  deceased  gentleman 
was  in  his  70th  year.  "  Baillie  "  Newbigging,  as  his 
friends  delighted  to  call  him,  was  born,  we  learn  from 
the  Dumfries  papers,  at  Kirkbank,  Broughton,  near 
Biggar,  in  Peeblesshire,  but  he  came  to  Dumfries  and 
entered  the  service  of  the  late  Provost  Kennedy, 
nurseryman,  when  he  was  only  sixteen  years  of  age. 
With  the  exception  of  one  brief  period,  when  he  went 
to  the  firm  of  the  late  Mr.  Skirving,  nurseryman,  of 
Liverpool,  Mr.  Newbigging  remained  the  rest  of  bis 
life  in  Dumfries.  It  has  been  truly  said  that  he  was 
a  born  nurseryman,  so  thoroughly,  enthusiastically, 
and  successfully  did  he  enter  into  his  profession.  In 
early  life  he  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  study  of 
tree  life,  gradually  raising  himself  to  the  position  of 
an  arborist,  to  whom  the  term  "recognised  authority  " 
might  in  all  truth  have  been  applied. 

The  nurseries  over  which  he  presided  for  a  long 
period  of  years  have  enjoyed  a  well-merited  reputa- 
tion for  the  forest  and  ornamental  trees  that  are 
reared  in  them.  There  is  hardly  an  estate  in  the 
.Soulh  of  Scotland  that  has  not  been  planted,  more  or 
less,  from  the  nurseries  of  T.  Kennedy  &  Co.  Nor 
have  their  grounds  been  places  merely  for  delving 
and  transplanting.  They  have  been  beauty-spots  in 
the  suburbs  of  the  town.  Mr.  Newbigging  was  taste- 
ful as  well  as  skilful  and  energetic.  He  displayed  it 
in  the  arrangement  of  his  grounds,  and  in  the  architec- 
ture of  his  buildings.  While  in  the  service  of  Provost 
Kennedy  he  married  that  gentleman's  daughter.  In 
1856  Provost  Kennedy — who,  by  the  way,  was  one  of 
the  first  Councillors  elected  under  the  '32  Reform  Act 
— retired  from  active  business,  and  henceforth  this 
establishment,  which  was  founded  in  1787,  was 
carried  on  by  Mr.  Newbigging,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Robert  Cowan,  under  the  title  of  "  Messrs. 
Thomas  Kennedy  &  Co." 

In  addition  to  his  profession  of  nurseryman,  he 
carried  on  the  farm  of  Nether  Dargavel,  which  he 
rented  on  the  decease  of  Provost  Kennedy  in  1867  ; 
and  as  a  practical  agriculturist  he  achieved  much 
success.  In  respect  of  the  high  quality  of  crops  and 
stock  Nether  Dargavel  came,  in  his  hands,  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  model  farm,  and  was  considerably  im- 
proved, his  fat  stock  being  the  talk  of  the  district. 
It  was  impossible  to  know  him  and  not  to  admire 
him  ;  there  was  a  pawky  humour  in  his  conversation 
which  captivated  strangers  ;  and  a  charm  about  his 
social  bearing  which  was  irresistible. 

Mr.  Newbigging  leaves  a  widow,  two  sons,  and 
four  daughters,  for  whom  much  sympathy  is  felt. 
His  daughters  are  all  married,  while  his  sons — 
Thomas  Kennedy  and  John — are  being  brought  up  to 
the  business,  one  devoting  his  attention  to  the  seeds, 
and  the  other  to  the  nurseries. 


larKtts. 


COVENl    a  ARDENT,    August    20. 
Market  remains  with  little  alteration.    James 


ber.  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Whole 


;  Price 


Apples,  per  5^-sii 
Currants,  red,  %.-: 
—  black,  J6-siev 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Gooseberries,  5^-si 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Filberts,  loo 


.  d. 


;   I   •-   3   I 
30-3' 

4  fr-  5  ■ 


.15  0--10  < 


Lemons,  per  case 

I  Melons,  each  

Peaches,  per  do?.  . .  20-8 
Pine-apples,  Eng.  .lb.  20-3' 
~  St.  Michael,  each  26-5 
Plums,  %  sieve      ,.  20-41 


Veg  et  ables.  — Av  E 


Artichokes,      Globe, 


pel 


d07. 


,  Eng.,  per  lb.  < 
Beet,  per  dozen  . .  ; 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  ; 
Carrots,  per  bunch. ,  ( 
Cauliflowers,  Eng- 
lish, spring.perdoz,  ; 
Celery,  per  bundle..   1 


Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 
Horse  Radish,  bun. 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz. 


kat  . 
Onic 


PoTATOS.— New  Potatos  are 
range  from  ,^3  : 


i.  per  bushel..  6  o-  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  6-  . 
Parsley,  per  bunch.  .04-. 
Peas,  per  quart  ..10-1 
Radishes,  per  dozen  i  o-  s 
Small   saladin^,    per 

punnet       . ,  ..04- 

Spinach,    per  bushel  4  o- 
Tomatos,  per  lb.     . .    o  6-  c 
Turnips,  new.  bunch  o  6- 
Vegeiable  Marrows, 


nung  very  small,  and  prices 
■  tO;^6per  ton. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Avei 
s.  d.   s.  d. 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  o 
Arbor-vit^   (golden), 

per  dozen  ..  -.6  0-18  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Begonia.s,  per  dozen  4  0-12  o 
Houvardia,  dozen  ..  9  0-18  o 
Calceolarias,  doz.  . .  40-60 
Carnations,  12  pot  ...  6  0-12  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracina   terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..  ..30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,     in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

\  er  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica,  each..  16-70 


Fuchsias,  per   dozen  40-91 


Lili 


dozen 

—  longifolium,  doz,  9  o-i 
Marguerite       Dai>y, 

per  dozen  . .  . .    8  o-i 

Myrtles,  per  dozen  .    6  o-i: 
Palms      Tn     variety, 

j  Pelargoniums,        per 

dozen         . .  ..60-1! 

i   — scarlet,  dozen    ..30-1 
Rhodaiithe,  per  doz.  6  o-  ; 


-Average  Wholesale  Pkice 


ardia 


:bun 


—  12  blooms 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  2  < 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  3  1 
Lapageria,  white,  12 


bio. 


I  bio. 


Lavender, 
Lilium     longiflo 

12  blooms.. 
Marguerites,  12 


Mignonette,  12  bun. 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Picotees,  12  bun.  . . 
Pinks,  var.,  12  bun. 
Rhodanlhe,  12  bun. 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.. 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun. 
Sweet  Sultan,  per  12 

TropjEotum,  12  bun. 


SEEDS. 


London  :  Aug.  19. — The  trade  now  passing  in  farm 
seeds  is  confinea  wholly  to  those  varieties  wanted  for 
present  sowing.  Trifolium  incarnaiura  sells  freely  at 
last  week's  quotations  :  supplies  are  not  at  all  over- 
whelming. There  is  a  good  inquiry  for  while  Mustard 
at  the  adv<inced  prices  :  stocks  on  hand  are  now  reduced 
to  narrow  limits.  Rape  seed  is  the  cheapest  article  at 
present  on  the  market  ;  the  values  of  this  season's  crop 
are  lower  than  has  been  the  case  for  many  years  past. 
New  winter  Tares  offer  very  sparingly,  and  do  not  keep 
pace  with  the  demand.  Sowing  Kye  continues  slow. 
Blue  boiling  Peas  are  scarce  and  wanted.  In  feeding 
Linseed  the  tendency  is  adverse  to  buyers.  John  Shiw 
6^  Sons,  Se<d  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


CORN. 


At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  the  rates  obtained  for  the 
new  Wheats  weighing  63  lb.  to  64  lb.  natural  weight, 
ranged  from  34^.  to  37J,  tor  white  ;  and  32J.  to  35;.  for 
red.  Old  native  Wheats  sold  at  \s.  per  quarter  dtcline 
on  the  week,  and  foreign  at  6(/.  to  u.,  while  descriptions 
giving  way  most.  Flour,  with  a  dull  sale,  was  not 
quotably  altered  in  value.  Stout  qualities  of  Barley  were 
tairly  firm,  but  the  general  trade  was  dull.  Beans  and 
Peas  sold  slowly'at  late  value.  Maize  was  inactive,  but 
about  steady  in  value.  Oats  were  quiet  and  unchanged. 
— Oa  Wednesday  there  was  little  or  no  demand  for 
Wheat,  and  the  tone  was  flat,  prices  remaining  nommally 
unchanged.  Flour  was  inactive,  and  unaltered  in  vjiue  ; 
Maize  was  steady  ;  and  Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas  met  a 
retail  demand  at  previous  rates.  For  Oats  the  inquiry 
was  very  dull. — Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week 
ending  August  15  : — Wheat,  33J.  it^.  ;  Barley.  24J.  \od.  \ 
Oats,  21J.  \\d.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  : 
— Wheat,  38J.  ^d.  ;   Barley,  291.  2.d.  ;  Oats,  225.  brf. 


CATTLE. 

At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  English  cattle 
supplies  generally  were  not  well  up  in  condition,  although 
some  very  prime  qualities  were  among  them,  and  with 
a  slow  sale  prices  ruled  at  about  previous  figures.  Sheep 
realised  about  steady  value,  with  a  quiet  trade.  Lambs 
met  less  demand,  and  barely  supported  late  value.  The 
calf  trade  was  without  improvement,  and  the  pork  trade 
was  reported  dull.  Quotations :— Beasts,  3^.  \od,  to 
4J.  8(/.,  and  4J.  Tod.  to  5^.  4</. ;  calves,  31.  to  4J.  41/.; 
sheep,  4-r.  to  4J.  %d.,  and  4J.  lot/.  to  51.  8./.  ;  lambs. 
5i.  \d.  to  5x.  \od.  ;  pigs,  31.  Zd.  to  4-r.— On  Wednesday 
beasts  were  steady,  and  quite  as  dear  as  on  Monday, 
Sheep  were  dull,  and  id.  per  8  lb.  lower.  Lambs  also 
were  weak,  and  calves  and  pigs  were  quiet,  but  firm. 


POTATOS. 

The  Borough  Market  report  states  that  supplies  con- 
tinue fully  adequate  to  demand,  which  is  slack,  at  the 
foUowin^  quotations  :— Regents,  looi.  to"i20i.  ;  Magnum 
Bonums,  105^,  to  120J.  ;  Early  Roses,  95J.  to  nor.  ; 
Shaws,  90J.  to  looj.  ;  kidneys,  120J.  to  130J.  per  ton. 


COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  : —  Bebside  West  Hartley,  141.  ^d.  \  East 
Wylam,  155.  td.\  Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  14J.  ^d.\ 
Walls  End  — Tyne  (unscreened),  lu.  -^d.  ;  Hetton, 
\^s.  6d.  ;  Hetton  Lyons,  14J.  6tf.  and  15X. ;  Lambton, 
i6j.  6d.  ;  Wear.  155.  ;  Chilton  Tees,  i$s. ;  Haswell, 
i6s.  bd.\  Dowlais  Merthyr,  16s.  gd.  andi7J. ;  Radford 
Navigation,  i6j.  6d.  and  lys. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  looi  to  looj  for  deUvery,  and  100^^5  to  loo^^u  for  the 
account.  Tuesday's  prices  for  delivery  were  as  on  the 
preceding  day,  and  ioo|  to  100^  for  the  account.  Wed- 
nesday's closing  prices  were  a  repetition  of  those  of  the 
preceding  day. — The  finishing  quotations  of  Thursday 
were  99!^  to  loo^^  for  both  deUvery  and  the  account. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled/or  Excellence  of  Quahiv 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1  0  each. 

5  0 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  Bag. 

*    „    20  0       „ 

1    H    37  6 


II 


II 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Exp07't  Alerchanls. 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Prei^ervine  Iionwo:k.  Wood,  or  Stoue. 
{Registered  Tfade  Mark  ) 


nz  sale. 

g  no  mixing 

grounds  at 

of    many 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
>11  outdoor  woik.  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
ntroduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  ihe  Advcrii.sers,  and 
genuine  good  quality,  Dotwith^tatidiDg  a  host  of  unprincipled 
tators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  incre 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordmary  labourer,  requir 
or  tbiooiDg,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  t 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  s 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  r 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6(i.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"  Piercefield  Park,  June  21,  1876.— Sirs,  T  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adaress  a  bUck  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varni-h  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  " 

CA  UTION.-H\L.i-  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
gainst   the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


adv. 


ised. 


H.  &  S.  's  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  c 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  ; 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  thei 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Sueet,  Glasgow. 


<glasshousess<»eating: 


B.W.WAR«U-RST 


'm 


August  22,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


253 


C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


THREE  QUARTER  <;p\NR0OF  GREENHOUSES 
made  in  lights,  glazed  wiih  at-oz.  glass,  and  painted  three 
coats  of  good  oil  coljur.  Tenants'  Fixtures.  15  feet  by  10  feet. 
£as  iSl.  ;  for  Brickwoik,  lit. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and 
Wales  :  also  10  Edinburgh,  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illu>trated  Catalogues  of  Greenhouses  and  Frames,  post- 
free,  two  stamps. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W.     H.    t. 
eve.y    d.scii 

LAS'ctLLEs'  NEW  ROCKWOHK  material  in  ^ 
colours.     Samples  c^n  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Ro«/,  and  ,5,  Poultry.  Cheapside.  E.C 

Illustrated  Lisls  ot  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouse; 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  palhs,  and  ; 
sent  post-lree  1  n  application. 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 


BUILDINGS 


Fixed  in  any  part  of  the 

Kingdom  with  Hot-water 
A  J^^"^^^  Apparatus  complete. 

Numerous  Medals.  ^\rO)i>r'^~^    CATALOGUE 

NORTH  OK  ENGL^ND     ^~"~\f&      J>\      ''"' 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  ^^vj-'O 

DARLINGTON. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES.    , 

The  abov-  are  wiiliout  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  (or  i'lant  Growing,  ai.d  every  one  with  a  garde,  jh.^Jd 
POSS.-SS  one.  The  sa,hes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  togelhtr  wiih  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  (ew  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  :  — 

0  'eel  long.  4  t-^et  wide,  packing  cases  free     ^2  15     o 
•ng,  4  leet  wide, 


6  feet  lo 


3  "5 


B,.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers. 

ROYAL  HORTICULTUstAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON. 

MANCHESTER. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL.  NORWICH. 

SMALL,     HANDY,     LEAN-TO    FKAMES. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


TWO  I  II    HT*"  1  KKWy. 
paid,  pr 


;  by  4  feet  painted  three 
sUzed  with  21  oz  English  glass  Carnage 
£2  2S. 

hinges,    set-opes    and    prop,  .as    si 
£2  lOs.  61I.     Packing  3S.,  allowed  in  full  if 


cd. 
made,  9  feet  by 


THREE. LIGHT    FRAME.     largest 
4  feet,    price    £3. 

If    with   hinges,    set.opes.   and  prop,  as  shown,    price 
£3  103.       Packing  4S.,  allowed  in  full  if  returned. 

No.  74.-Tliree-quarter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 


REDUCED  CASH   PKiLtS,   damage  fai.'. 
Size.  Length.        Width.  Price.  Packing  Case. 

No.  2       ..       8fee<     ..     6feet     ..    ^£4  12     6     ..     5s. 
No.  3       ..      r 2  feet  6  feet     ..       650..     ts. 

No.  4       ..      16  feet     ..     6  feet     ..       8     o    o     . .     75. 
Height  in  front  it  inches,  back  22  inches,  centre  32  inches. 

Lights  made  to  turn  over.     Set-opes  for  ventilating 
Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and  Wales  ; 
also  to  tainburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin  and  Belfast. 

Pries  Lisls  poit  free.     I liuUraied  CatalosTtes  ii  stamps. 

DEANE  &  CO.'S 
CENTRE-DOME  CONSERVATORY. 


No.  54  — This  is  an  exceedi  1  cine  design 

ang    the  I     \  y    iraposinj, 

ze  IS  very  n    derate    and    this    design   is 
:  who  desire  a  really  handsom' 
structure  at  a  low  price. 

ESTIMATES. —The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING 
COMPLETE,  by  our  own  men,  within  15  miles  of  London 
Bndge,  including  building  dwarf  wall  2  ft.  6  in.  high,  in 
brickwork  all  round,  and  erecting,  painting,  and  glazing 
servalory  in  the  best  style. 

HEATING  APPARATUS.— This  consists  of  a  Lough 
borough  Hot-water  apparatu?,  complete  with  syphon,  flue-pipe, 
and  a  double  row  of  4- in.  pipe  along  one  side  ol  the  houses  undel 
12  ft.  wide  one  side  and  one  end  of  houses  ra  ft.  lo  16  ft.  wide 
and  both  sides  and  one  end  of  houses  above  this  width,  all  fixed 
tested,  painted,  and  left  in  proper  working  order. 

Length.  Width.  Price.  Heating  Aoparatus. 

21  ft lofi {.i%         ;C6  rs 

27  ll '  ft l'>1'  ll  >o 

36ft 12ft {.%i  /tj  15 

42(1 14  fc        ;£l25  £n      O 

48ft i6fl {.ibi  {,^^  ts 

6ofl 16ft i,->oi  ;£  8  15 

70  ft 1 7  ft t-Ht 

80  ft 18  fr {,^ 

90  ft 19  ft 4' 


)ft. 


•  ft. 


;«42i 


SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  up,.n 
at  their  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  AND  ESTIMATES  for 
Conservatories.  Greei.houses,  and  Horticultural  Bui  dings  of 
ry  description  HRF.PARED  AND  FUR>J1SHED  FREE. 


ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Coi 
&c  .    wuh    P.ices    for    Erecting  and    He, 
APPLICATIO.N. 


enho 
ng.    FREE    ON 


DEANE  &  CO., 

HorticuItur;il  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

*'s'^':.l E c"" f  LO N D O N   BR IDGE. 

Lean-to"  GREEN HOUSE~(good  Second- 
hjnd)    about  ^6  by  15  feet    with  3  feet  of  front  Ptamii  g, 
to  be  Sold  Lh'ap       In  the  i.eighbouthood  of  Hampton  Court 

Apply  to  j,  WBKK3  AND  CO.,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c.. 
King's  Read,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 


(Li; 


iched  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 
Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 
Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
GreenbouBe?,  Gsirden  Seats,  &c  , 


cdera 


Full  paiticulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATE8,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTEK. 

CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS  ROYAL  HIGHNESS  THE   PRINCE   OF  WALES. 

15,000   OF   THE    NOBILITV,    GeNTRV,    AND    ClERGV. 

Is  extensively  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOB.    WORK,     CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mi.xture,  F>ee  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 

Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-free, 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

LONDON,  EC.  ; 

2t  and  22,  BACHELOR'SkWALK.  DUBLIN. 

Discount  for  Cask. 

SILVER  SAND,-  excellent  coarse,  ts. 
per  ion.  PEAT,  excellent quahiy.  6s-.  8i  and  loj.  per  cubic 
yard.  LOAM,  excellent  quality,  tor.  per  cubic  yard.  fcy 
truckloads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  moderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex, 

ORCHID  BASKETS,  RAFTS,  BOATS,  &c., 
including  Copper  Pins  and  Wires,  3  inches,  45.  6,/.  : 
3J4  inches,  51.  ;  4  inches,  si.  6d  ;  4J4  inches,  6j.  6d.  ;  5  inches, 
^s.  id.  :  6  ii-ches.  8j.  6d.  ;  7  inches,  10s.  6/.  ;  8  inrhe-,  12s.  6t/.; 
9  inches,  I4r.  6d  ;  lo  inches,  17s.  td.  :  ir  inches,  21J.  6./.  : 
12  inches,  24J.  6,/.  Rafcs  r./..  Boats  ''Ad  ,  Cylinders  2a.  tier 
inch  tun.  Samples  of  twelve  Baskets,  Raft.  Boat,  and  Cylinder, 
141  6d. 

J.  E.  BONNY,  88,  Downs  Park  Road.  Hackney,  London,  E  , 
Grower  of  the  leading  Varieties  of  Orchids. 

TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Trees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  fnra  2d.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horlicultuial 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  applicalioll. 

J.   BLACKBURN  AND  SONS,  4  and  s.  Wormwood  Sueet, 
l.,ondon,  E.C. 


NETTING. 


GARDEN 

S.      A.      SANDS 

(Successor  10  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds,  Wasps,  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 


Iron  and  "Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


i/tis  paper. 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA    WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTOM  ; 

And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

G ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Coik.    Raffia    Mats,     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
WorK.  Manuies.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


Under  the  Patronage  of  tne  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Siratford-on-Avon. 


254 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  1885, 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lttte  charged  as  tivo. 


4  Lines... 

fo 

-> 

0 

15  Lines... 

fp    8 

5 

I    •■■ 

0 

6 

16     „    ... 

0    9 

6 

1 

0 

4 

0 

17     „    ... 

0    9 

7 

» 

0 

4 

6 

18     „    ... 

0   10 

8 

0 

=; 

0 

19     „    ... 

0   10 

9 

... 

0 

s 

6 

20     „    ... 

0   II 

10 

... 

0 

6 

0 

21     „    ... 

0   1 1 

11 

, 

0 

6 

6 

22     „    ... 

0   12 

12 

0 

7 

0 

23     „    ... 

0   12 

13 

... 

0 

7 

6 

24     „    ... 

0   13 

14 

1    •■• 

0 

8 

0 

25     „    ... 

0   13 

AND    SI 

KPEN 

rp 

OR   EV 

INK. 

II 

set  acrn 
Page 

»SCO 

urn 

IS,  the 

lowest  charge  wil 
..A9     0 

be  301. 

Half 

Has 

..50 

0 

Colu 

.35 

° 

GARDENERS,  and  QTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  iJ    ^i..  and   td.   for  every  additional  hue 
(abnut  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE. —Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offi.ces,  as 
a'i  Letters  so  add-^essed  arc  opened  by  the  auttwrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,   Dhaths  and  Marriages.  5J.  each  insertion. 

Alvertisements  /or  the  current   week   must   reach  tht  Office 

by  Thursday  noon 

AH  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The    Unitku    KiNr,i>oM  :    12    Munths,   11   3s.  lOd. ; 

6  Munths.  lis.   lid.  ;    3   Months.  63 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China) ;    includinc    Postage, 

£1  65.  lor  12  Months:    India  and  China.  £1  8s.  2d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be    made  payable    at    DRURY  LANE, 

W  C.  to  W.  Richards. 


X  TAKE    NOTICE    OF  X 

WOOD  A  MILTON'S  PATENT. 


The  Future  BoUt  for 
Nurserymen  and  Gardeners, 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEVVAY    HOUSE.     EASTVILLE,    BRISTOL. 

The   Original  and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recpntlv  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  iur  Heating. 


HOT-WATEB     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  eveiy  de^CTiptiori  lor  He.iline  App^rjtus. 
THE     I  ARC. EST    SlOCk    IN    THE    KlNl.DOM 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Caf.tle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle.  Staff  irdshire. 

SKI^NE^  &  BOAHU,  BhIbTOL, 

HORnCULTURAL   BUILDERS   &   HOT-WTER   ENGINEERS, 
PATENTEES 


^^1  VENETIAN    — 

'  FRUIT  &  FLOWER  '=y^ 

HOUSE        — ^ 


OPEN 

FOR 
VENTILATION 


I.WENTION'S  EXHIBITION,  Konslii^tun 

EBttmatea  Jor   WAH^ING  Churtlics,  Ci?tts€n!atorit£,  etc.,  etc 


Rosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

2     inaile     in     niaiciials    of     great     durability.       The 


put    down,   it,c 
further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"    Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASEb,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Arii6ci..l  Stune, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  M..nufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  B  ackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Cheliea.  S.W: 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVER-i.  and  PROPAGATING  KOXES  ■  also 
for  Fi'XLEY'S  P.^TENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lllu.trated  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Po>t.     The  Trade  supplied. 

OR  N  A  M  ENTAL  PAVIN  G  TILES, 
for  Con^etvitor.es,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c., 
from  3S  per  square  yard  upwjids.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  eUbiraie  De-ign,  wi  h  Prices,  sent  f.r  selection 

VVHIIE    GLAZED    TD  ,E>,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Rjnges,  Bnhs,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  b'ahle 

Paving  ol  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipe^  and  T  les 

of  all  1-ind'.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  »Nu  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I      L     V      E      R 

B  grain  as   de-;ired. 


SAND, 

_-     __  „ —    .     -  rice,  by  post,  per  Ton 

Truckload    on    Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  di 
iny  Railway  Star 


.i->  iw  any  i^iiivvdy  .mtiifii      SamDlCi  of  Saud  tree  by  post 
FLINTS  and  tikICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Fernerie 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 
N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 


Propaga 


3  and  200  (eet  boxes, 

of    16-OZ.    glass   in 

and  all    Miscellaneous 


id  Cucumber   Glas 
(JIass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FAKUILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  Lis:  ami  Prices  on  apfittcatt^i.     Ouoie  Lhrontcie. 
THE 

**SIMPLESS"  FLO A(ER-POT  CLEANSER. 


Tub  or  Tank. 

Price  of  Cleanser,    without   Tub,  £2  12s.  6d. 

Less  2li  fitr  cent,  for  Cask  with  Order, 
Tub  supplied  if  required.      Piice  oa  application. 

Orders  to  be  sent  to  Sole  Proprietor, 

W.  E  BENNETT,  Tliurttones,  Leyland,  near  Preston. 
Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  de^rous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Resilience,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
\i  hich  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ^^ Miiiland Counties 
Herald  Ofhce,  Birmingham."  The  MidUud  Ce,<„lies  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  adverlisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 


SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DlClIuNARV.  Comprising  the  Names,  Hisl,,r>-.  aiul 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  B,itain,  together  with  a  full 
E.splanation  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  255. 

BOTANY  for  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  .Maxwell  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  E.vamioer  in  Botany,  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  too  Illli»traiions.     Price  3i.  6rf. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
\  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Eotai»y  for  Students, 
ftc.     With  400  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  51.  6,i. 


LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  os. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  CECONOMi- 
CAL    BOTANY.      With    numerous    Illustrations.    8vo, 
cloth.      Pr.ce  5i. 

INDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 

For    Sclf.Insinictiou  and  the  Use  of  Schools.      Price 


L 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  ,A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  siii.e  t86s,  by  F.  BlKVE- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnaekt,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  vin  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  \os.  per  annum. 
H.  J,  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


w 


ANTED,  a  PARTNER,  to  join  Adver- 

large  Market  Nur.sery  ;  Rent  very  low  An 
unusuil  opDortuniiy  lor  an  energetic  man  with  capii  .1.— H.  W  , 
Gar-eners  Clfo,ueU<.  Ihce,  41,  We.lingion  Street.  Strand.W.C. 

WANTED,    a   HEAD   GARDENER   (ex- 
perienced).—Arpiy  to  E.  G.  LODER,  Esq.,  Flo.re, 
Weedon,  Nonhamptonshue. 

WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER,  where 
one  other  is  kept.  The  residence  of  the  Head  Gardener 
i^  in  the  lodge,  and  his  wife  has  to  attend  to  the  gate  'i  here 
is  no  accominoda'ion  for  a  family,  except  it  be  one  child  over 
ten  veais  old.  The  Garden  is  small,  but  there  aie  several 
Vineries  and  a  Cucumber-hou-e— ail  requirii  g  *.\jeiience  in 
Forcing.  —  Apolv.  by  letter,  stating  age  and  oarticutars  of  las: 
situatioD,  to  V.  Z.,  Wilhng's  Ailvenising  Offices,  125,  Strand, 
London,  W  C. 

WANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER, 
mirricd,  »i  hout  family  preferred,  b-tween  25  a' rl  -^o 
years  o<  .Tt;e.  Must  ihoroughly  understand  all  Outdoor  Work 
and  be  able  to  Assist  in  ih-?  Houses  when  reqiured.  Wages  %s. 
per  week  with  c  >ttage.  Firstcli>s  chancier  i"di!,ocnsahle. — 
Address,  by  letter,  G.-\RDE>JER,  BalU  Park.  Hertford.  Herts. 

WANTED,  a  FOREMAN,  for  the  Houses. 
Mu-t  have  a  good  knowl^-d^e  o'  Fru^t  an  I  Pianis, 
including  Orchids.  Not  under  24  yeirs  of  age.  Wa;es  \Zs. 
per  week  and  bjihy.  — W.  Rt  ID,  ilic  Oaraen^,  Noibary  Hal', 
Aihbourne.  • 

ANTED,    AT    ONCE,    a    good   FERN 

GROWER — Apply,   stating   wages  and  giving  refer- 
ences, to  W.  M.  CROWE,  Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton,  Essex. 

WANTED,  an  unmarried  middle-aged  MAN, 
thoroughly  experienced  in  Growing  Gtapts,  Perchts. 
Melons  Tomatos.  Cucumbers,  Cut  Flowers.  S  ove  an  I  Green, 
house  Plants  :  also  Cultivation  ol  Vegetables  ai.d  Haidy  Fruils, 
Man  preferred  accustomed  to  Management  of  Bee^.  Poultry, 
and  ligs  :  able  to  take  charge  of  one  Cow  and  Pony  if  required. 
Wages  its.  a  week,  with  board  and  1  dgiug.— .Mr.  LANGalO.'J, 
Sunnyside.  Sandown.  Isle  of  Wiaht. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  about  21  or  22, 
for  the  HouS'S.  Must  have  had  good  practical  ex- 
rerience  under  a  good  Gardener.  Good  character  indispensable. 
Bj.hy  and  cosking  found —The  GARDENER  at  Wtoxall 
Abbey,  Warwick. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN  to  Assist  in 
Gardens  and  Glass  Houses  generally,  must  be  experi- 
enced in  the  Pouing  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Abstainer  preferred.  —  HEAD  GARDENER.  1  he  Grove. 
Gosjjoit. 

MESSRS.  WM.  CUTBUSH  and  SON 
Rf  QUI  REa  thoroughly  c  mpetent.  energetic  MAN,  to 
take  charge  of  their  I  andscape.  Jjbbing,  and  Floral  Deco  ating 
Depaitments.  Must  be  ab'e  to  E've  plans.  specifit:ations.  and  esti- 
mates.-Apply,  bv  I.tter  onlv,  Highgaie  Nurseries.  London,  N. 

WANTED,  a  TRAViiLLER.     Must  be  well 
acquainted  with  Covent  Garren  Growers,  — Apply  by 
ngage     salarv  required_^  and   experie^nc-?,    to  A.  B., 


w 


Ban 


!  Olfic 


:>     .(i: 


Fie, 


,  E  C. 


MESSRS.    WM.     CUTBUSH    AND    SON 
REQUIRE  a  young   man  as   CORRESPONDENT. 
Must  be  able  to  take  L.;tters  down  rapidly  in  Shorthand      Als:> 
acquainted  wiih  the  Nurseryand  Seed  Business.- Appiv  in  own 
ing    age    and    lull  patticulars   to   Highgats 


,  London,  N. 


Nursi  

WANTED  first-class  BOUQUET  MAKER, 
used  to  W.eaih.,  Cmsses  Buttonholes,  Sic,  to  (ill  up 
time  in  Nuisery  (glass) —Apply,  s-,ati,,g  wjges,  relerences.  &c., 
to  J.  R.  PEARSON  AND  SUNS  Chilwell  Nurseries.  Notts. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  voung 
LA  D  V-  experienced  h,uid  in  Making  Wreaths,  C  osses, 
Shoulder  Sprays.  B.juquets,  &c..  lor  a  suoen-  Si  p  i,  v-h  ch 
Cut  Flowers,  Seeds,  and  Dessert  F'uitare  comMned. — Address, 
wiih  lull  paiticulars,  salary,  references,  and  experience,  to  J. 
LOADSTONE,  Ihe  Lad,   Fio.i.t,  Llaie  ly.  Car.nar  ,,e.,„i.,e. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers.,  a}id  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
■filed  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  ami  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  mny  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

IV. B. —  The  best  andsajist  means oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  '■'Paste  Restante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  aie  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardencs,  St  eking  situaitons,  and  'hat 
they  will  be  able  lo  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  witll 
paittculars,  &c  — it.  Js.hu'!,  Nurseries,  Woicester. 


August  22,  18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


255 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  ihe  suuaiion  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirine  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  lull  particulars,  when  the  best  selectiuns 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


rPO     NUBLEMEN,     GENTLEMfc-iV,     lSic, 

J-  requiring  &mart,  souiid.  and  thoroughly  compclenl 
SI  EWakU.-,  GAKDENERS,  &c.— We  hiv=  on  hand  Appli. 
cauons  from  several  Men  o(  teitea  abiluy,  and  shah  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  ^c  ,  in  obtaining  men  spectaily 
suitable  for  iheir  requiremenis  -VICCARS  COLLYtK  and 
CO.,  Leice>ier;   A.  W.  CKEWS.  Manaeer. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Batllffa,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nur»erei.  theater,  are  alvvavs  in  a  pOMlit  n  lo 
RECuMvlEND  MEN  of  ihe  highest  tespeciability  and 
thorqiighly  tr»Ciical  at  ihcir  business. —  Full  paiticulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
MclNlVKE  (late  of  Vicfria   Park)  is  now  at  liberty  tj 
undertake   Forinaiion  and    Hantine   of  New  Girden  and    P.iik 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.      Flans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamlord  Hill.  N. 

GARDENER  (HEAD).— Age  28,  married,  no 
lamiiy  ;     twenty    years'    ixpenence.  —  A.     PULLEY, 
Bighton,  Alresfotd.  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married  ;  has  a 
tliorou^h  practical  knowledge  of  the  Cultivadon  of 
all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  &c.  Good  reference  — G.,  51. 
Laiiidowne  Road,  Croydon. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  one  ormore  are 
kept. — Age  27,  single;  tmrteen  years' experience  in  all 
branches.  Goud  ci.aracier.  -  G.  N.,  15,  Edwards  Mews, 
Edwards  Square,  Kensington,  London,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man.—Married,  no  laraily  ;  good  oracucal  experience 
in  ;ill  braoches.  fc  xcellerit  lestimoinais  from  Jaie  employer. 
Total  abitaiuer.— WM.  LOUZENS,  CouJey  Wood,  Wadhurst, 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  31,  married, 
one  child (agt  6)  -A  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a 
man  as  above.  1  h^ruughly  tp  u^i worthy  and  competent  to  lake 
charge  of  large  Garden.— Mr.  WM.  PAVllT,  Hill  Cie,i, 
Stansied    Es^tx, 

GARDENER  (Head).  — Age  33,  married, 
small  family;  thoroughly  underscajida  tiarly  and  Late 
Forcing  of  Grapes,  Peaches.  Strawberries,  cucumbers.  Melons, 
Mushrooms,  beakale  Asparagus,  Rhubarb,  &c.  A  good  Propa- 
gator of  btove,  Greenhouse,  Beddint>,  and  other  Plants  ;  and  a 
good  taste  for  Ciirpet  Bedding.  &c.  ;  a  thorough  good  Vege* 
table  Grower  ;  also  a  thorough  all-round  Practical  Gardener. 
Twciity-iwo  years'  experience;  upwards  of  thiee  years' good 
character  in  present  situation  ;  six  and  a  hall  years'  previou-  ; 
also  as  Head.  —  For  panicuUrs  address,  The  Cottage,  Royal 
Bath  Hotel.  Bouriemomh. 

/GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  34, 

V>fl  married  ;  tburoughly  practical.  Fuurtceo  years*  exipcri- 
ence  in  eood  etablishraents.— J.  FUKBUROUGH,  Ihe 
Gardens.  Billing  H  iiise.  Wye,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age  35  ; 
understands  Vines,  Flowers  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Wife  ihuruugh  Lauidress.  if  required.  Good  characters.— 
A.  COI.hMAN,  Ore  Place  Lodge,  near  Hastings. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married,  no  lamily  ;  sixteen  yeaii'  experience  in  ail 
branches.  Good  character.— GAHDKN  ER,  i,  Caveiidish  Cot- 
tages. Centre  Avenue,  Aldershof.    Hants. 

GARDENER  (He^d  Working).— Married, 
no  family  :  thorough  knowledge  of  his  profession  in  all 
branches  :  stvcn  .ina  a  haU  years'  good  character.  Wife  good 
Laundress.— T.  WALLER,  Old   Road,    Waienngbury,    Maid- 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
married  ;  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all 
branches.  Eight  years'  good  chatacier  from  last  place, — 
GARDENER,  8q.  Stoke  Newingten  Road.  N. 

/T^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27  ; 

VJ  thoioughly  understands  Vines,  Peach.:S,  Stove  and 
Greenhuu-e  Plants,  &c.  Three  years  in  present  place. — A.  H., 
The  Gardens.  Casing  H^mse,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married,  one  child  ;  understands  Vi,  es.  Melons.  Cucum- 
bers, Stove  and  Greennhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardening.  G  iod  character.— J.  D.,  9,  South  Terrace,  Diiher- 
ington,  Shrew-bury. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  40, 
married,  no  family  :  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gar. 
dening  in  all  branches.  Fourteen  years'  good  character  from 
last  place,  and  eight  previous.— C.  R.  SAVER.  Bedford  Road, 
St.  Albau's.  Hens. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
mote  are  kept.— Middle-aged,  married,  no  (amily  ;  highly 
respeclab'e,  ener^ietic.  aid  trustworthy.  Large  e.x^ienence  in 
all  branches  ot  the  prolession  :  also  Land  and  Stock  i(  leqiiired. 
>«celUi,t  character. -M.  RtED,  Beechworth,  West  Heath 
Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  36, 
married  ;  Iwenly-tour  years'  experience  in  all  brancnes 
of  the  profession.  Well  up  in  t  itchids  and  Stove  Plants.  Satis- 
factory reasons  for  leaving.  Good  characier  from  last  and 
previous  employer«._GARDENER,  Woodlands,  Nightingale 
Lane,  Balham,  S  W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SiNGtE-HANDED).— Age  27,  single  :  thorc.ughlv  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  First-class  references— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exmouib,  Devon. 


GARDENER  (He\d),  or  ORCHID' 
GR<.>WER. — .\ge  30;  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Culture 
of  t^rchids  and  ihe  putine  of  the  protessi'in.  Good  charactir 
from  last  and  previous  situations. — W.  f. ,  6,  Lett  btieet.  Heme 
Hill,  S.E. 

/4.ARDENER  (Head),  orGAKDENER  and 

VX  bailiff.  -  James  Lhild,  fourteen  years  Head 
Gardener  ai  d  Bailff  at  Garbrand  Hall,  twed,  Surrey,  will 
shortly  be  at  liberty  to  engage  wiih  any  one  requi  ing  the 
services  of  a  go  d  practictl  mm  in  all  branches.  Character  and 
references  fii-t-cLss.- Address  as  abnve 

/GARDENER  (Head,  or  sIi\gle-haNded). 

V^  —Age  32,  married,  one  child  ;  understanOs  Vines,  Pejches, 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  P.ants,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardening.— J.  HORN,  45,  flask  Walk,  Hamp- 
stead, N.W. 

C""  ARDENBJi  (Working).— A  Gentleman 
-^  will  be  happy  t  j  lecommend  a  Working  Gardener,  with 
two  or  more  under,  him.  Has  lived  six  years  in  his  present 
place.  Understands  Vines.  Melons,  and  ihe  General  Work  of 
the  Flower  and  Kitchen  G.rden.  Diseigi=ed  October  ta  — 
J.  EDMONDS,  Darsham  House,  near  Saxmundnm,  bulTjIk. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,    or  olher- 
wi,e).-Age  2S.    sinsle;    good    reference.— R.  TUKN- 
BULL,  3,  Selkirk  Street,  Carrington.  Notts. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  other- 
wise).— Age  30  :  has  had  twelve  gears'  experience  in 
various  Nurseries.— li.  N.  COOMBEK,  News  Agent,  43,  High 
Road,  Lee,  S.  t . 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or 
where  more  are  kepi)  — Age  32.  m-^rned  — Thoroughly 
competent  both  in  Glass,  Flower,  nnd  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Understands  Pou  try,  &c.  Can  be  well  recommended,— 
HA.  S..ii,Crogsland  Rd.  Chalk  Farm.  Haverst  ckHill.N.W. 

/"^ARDENER  (Second    or    good    Single- 

V-^  handed). — Age  24  :  ten  years'  experience  in  good  Gar- 
dens. Exccliei.t  testimonials.  Apply  with  full  pariicutars,  to 
R.  W.,  3,  Dee  Bank  Cottages,  Eleanor  Road,  Waltham  Cross, 
Herts. 

GARDENER  (Second,  or  under  the  Fore- 
man in  the  House.). -^Age  21  ;  seven  years'  experience  ; 
good  character  from  present  and  previous  situations. — C  COLE- 
M-VN,  Catton  P..rk.  Norwich, 


C;;j.ARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  four 
*  ate  kept. —  Age  21  ;  seven  years'  good  characier  from 
late  employer.  B^thy  preferred.  —  G.  CLEMENT,  Jun., 
Holyb  .urne,  near  nlion.  Hai  ts. 

C:;ARDENEK  (Under).— Young;   four  and 
J      a  half  yea.s'exp-rience  1.1  Vines.  Kitchen,  and    Flower 
Garden.— G.  M.,  s.  Retreat,  Horn  Lane,  Woodiord,  E-stx. 

ARDENER     (Under).  —  Eleven     years' 

experience  In  and  Outdoors  ;  good  character  and  reler- 
ences.  Disengaged  August  31.— F.  A,,  The  Gardens,  DilTtyn, 
Neath,  South  Wales. 

OREMAN,  or  UNDER  GARDENER, 

vate   establishment;  can  be  highly  recommended. 
H.  BAL'HE.  Dudmaston  HaU  Gaideiis,   Bridgoonh,  bhrop- 


F 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
26;  ten  years'  experience  in  first-class  estabhshments. 
Nearly  ihtee  years  as  Foreman.  Good  leferences.  — FORE- 
MAN. 35    Mel.oiby  Terrace,  Chorley  Old  Road,  Bolton,  Lane. 


TjIQREMAN,    or    PROPAGATOR    and 

X'  GKOWER.-Age  25.  Ten  year^'  experience  with  Pe- 
largoniums, Bouvardias,  Hydrangeas,  l-iichsias,  Solanums, 
Cyclamens,  and  Bedding-slutT,  &c.  Gjod  characier, —J. 
LaMDERT,  2,  Coles  Avenue,  Lower  Edmonton,  London. 

{^""OREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR.— Middle- 

4-  aged  ;  experienced  in  ail  branches  of  the  Trade.  Nur>ery, 
Seeds,  and  Bulbs,  and  Jobbing;  Trade.  Good  relerences.— 
A    B.,  99   Aoi-rley  Road,  rtneiley,  S.E. 

FOREMAN     PRuPAGATOR.  —  Over    ten 

-*-  years'  experience  in  a  got  d  nursery.  Thoroughly  under- 
stands Propagation  in  all  blanches.  Good  Glower  of  Plants 
and  Cut  Flowers,  also  a  good  Wreath,  Cross,  and  Bouquet 
Maker.  Excellent  characters.- S.  CAIKNS,  Sugwus  Loage, 
near  Hereford. 

ROPAGATUR   and    GROWER.  —  Young 

man  ;  well  up  in  all  kinds  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
and  General  Indoor  Work.  —  T.  M.,  25,  Church  Street, 
Twickenham.  Middlesex, 


To  Nurserymen,  Florists,  ice. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  (Indoor). 
— Age  30  ;  fifieen  years'  practical  experience.  All  kinds 
of  Plants  lor  Market  ;  also  Roses  Choice  Cut  Flowers. 
Cucumters,  Tomatos,  &c.-J.  T.,  68,  Winsover  Road,  Spalding, 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (ASSISTANT,  Indoor),  in  a 
good    Nursery.- Age    18  ;    active    and    willing.       Good 
character.    Waj,es  muderate.— A.  HILTON,  Baroham,  Bognor, 

TOUKNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  estabiish- 

^'      ment.— Age    i>  ;    can   have  SiX  years'  good  character.— 
H.  COLLINS,  28,  Mount  Street,  Bai.le,  Sussex. 

I  OU RnITymAN.- Age  20  ;  five  and  a  half 

"      years'  experience  in  L<ndon  Nurseries.     Good  characier. 
— W,   B.,  91.  L,.ls  Road,  C'^el-ea    S,W. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  a   good   establishment. 
—  Age  22;  can  be  we.l  recommeuded.— H.    CROoKS, 
Holloway,  near  Cromfoid.  Derby. 


JOURNEYMAN,   in  the   Houses —Age  23  ; 

f '     has  had  several  yeais'  experience  under  good  Garoeners  — 
B.  H.,  2,  Bate  Street,  Onslow  Square,  South  Ken.ington  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishmenL— 
Nine  years'  experience.  Well  recommended  by  first- 
class  Gatdcners.  Boihy  pieferred.  —  J.  BRYAN,  i,  Pnilip 
Scicet,  Fiookersbrook,  Chester. 


JOURNEYMAN;  age  19.— James  Burt, 
Gardener  to  H.  B.  Mildniay,  hsq  .  Shoreham  Place, 
Sevenoaks  Kent,  can  strongly  recommend  W.  sills.  Has  had 
six  years'  exuerience,  three  years  in  present  place.  Total 
abstainer.     Biihy  I  relerred    with  151.  per  we^k. 

IMPROVER,    in    a    good     establishment.— 
Age   18;  two  and  a  half  year*' experience. —J,  A.,  North 
Siok»,  WalhnBford     Berks. 

TMPROVER,   in  a  good  Garden.- Age   17; 

-^      steady,      respeclab'e  ;      einhieen      months'     expetieuce. 
Abstainer.— A.  G.  CARBERT,  Bdbrough,  Yoik, 

IMPROVER,   in   a   Nobleman's   or    Gentle- 
man's establishment.    Age  20;    P.cinium  given.    Go.  d 

re  etences.  — Mr- T    LA- KIN,  5    Cornfield  Road.  Fastbouroe. 

IMPROVER,   in   the   Houses.— Age  19  ;    two 
years   experience.       Bothv    preferred.- J.    W.    tVANS, 
Uiiderley  Gaidens,  Kirkby  Lonsdale. 

IMPROVER  in  the  Garden,  to  Work  Indoors 
and    Oiit.-Age  22;    good    refe.ence.  -  E,    REtFOLD, 
Mr.  Smith.  Rock  Place,  G.dalniing,  Surrey. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden. 
—  Age  17:  strong  and  steady.  Four  years  in  Houses 
and  Garden.  G  .od  reference.- HEAD  G  iRDENER,  Chailion 
H011S-,  Ludaell.  Saisbury 

T M PROVER  (age  i6).— Wanted,  to  place  the 

-L     son  o- a  H-ad   Gaidener    in   a    gnoo  Gartlen.      Bothy    pie- 
feired.-1'hs  (jARDENEK,  The  Lodge,  Weybridge.  Surrey. 

To  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS,&c.— 
Wanted  by  a  youn^  man  a  siivation  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden  or  Nursery.  Four  jears' expe  lence  Good  characier. 
Age  ,o.-T.  B.  F.,  9,  Devonshire  Place,  child's  Hill,  N. 

TO  NUR-5ERVMEN.— Ayoung'man(agei9~) 
seeks  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  under  G  ass  WeU  ex- 
perienced in  Growing  Plants  for  Maiket.  Could  assist  in  Propa- 
gating.-G    H  ,  Mr.  Fuller,  News  Agent,  North  Fii  chley,  N. 

To  NURSERYMEN  and  GARDENERS.— 
A  young  man  seeks  a  situation  in    Inuoors  W,.ik.     Good 
Charactcr.-G    A  .  Deeves  Hall    >,.u  h  Mm;,  near  Parnet. 

O  FLORlbTS,  &c.— Required,  the  Manage- 

of  a  t'loiist  and  Fruit  Business  ;  practically  acquaii  led 
with  every  branch  of  the  trade.  Disengaged  in  Uciober. 
Security  it  rtqjiied.  — L.  M.,  Gardeners'  Lhronkle  Office, 
4r.  Wellingion  .st.eet.  Strand.  W.c. 

O  FLORISTS,  &c.— Required,  the  Manage- 

mentofa  Seed  and  Florist's  Snop.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended -C    ROUsE.  Mr.  Gilbert,  Marine  Parade,  Hasiings. 

Seed  Traile. 

MANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.— 
Age  31,  mirried;  English;  fifteen  years'  practical 
experience  in  ihe  Wholsale  and  Retail  Seed  Tiade.  First- 
class  references.-J.  CORNEY,  Peter  Lawson  &  Son  (Limited), 
Edinburgh. 

HOPMAN    (Head),    or    MANAGER.—^ 

thorouijhiv  competent  man  in  either  ol  the  abivc  capa- 
cities, will  shortly  be  disengaged.  Has  had  respon>ibIe  Man- 
agement of  the  Seed  and  Hulb  Deuartments  in  Lond<~<n  and 
Provincial  Houses  during  ihe  past  fifteen  years.  An  tllicicnt 
C-rrevpondent.  and  wellveisedin  Plants.— H.  W.,  180,    Lam- 


T 


beth  Ro.ad,  La'mbeih,  London,  S.F. 


WHUPMAN,     or     MANAGER.  — Age      29, 

O  man  led  ;  thorough  practical  knowleoge  ot  ihe  Seen  and  Nur- 
sery Tiade.  Thirteen  years"  experience,  Whole-ale  and  Retail. 
Efficient  Correspondent  and  Book-keeper.  Highe  t  testimonials. 
-D.  GDLDING.  Me,sssr.   Hurst  &  Son,  152    Hound-diich,  E. 

SEEDSMAN'S  SHOPMAN,  or  good 
StCOND.— Expeiitnctd  in  Trade  Plants  and  G.neial 
Furnishing.  Provincial  house  preferred,  Gioj  le'erences. — 
M.,  86    Uliphant  Street.  Queen's  Park.  London.  N  W. 

H OPMAN,  or  SECOND,— Age  24;   nearfy 

eleven   years'   experience    in  all   branchss.     Gojd  know- 
ledge of  Planis,  also  Bor.k- keeping.     Good  relerences  —B.  W 
Gar,it„eri  C/iri>«/£-/eOffiue.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Sliand.  W.C. 

S~  ALESMAN,  in  Flower  Market,~Covent 
Gatden.— Four  and  a  half  years  with  Messrs.  Greaoiy  & 
Evans,  sidcup.  Gotxl  references.— A.  HILL,  Lcnglands 
Nursery,  Sidcup.  , 

Seed  Trade. 
QHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;  six 

^^  years'  experience.  Good  reference. — J.  S  ,  Thos.  Imrie 
&.Snns.  ayr.  N.B. 

Seed  Tratle 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASS l.S  f  ANT. —Thoroughly 
acqnain.ed    with    Garden   and    Farm  Seeds,    Bulbs,  &c. 
Knowleoge  of  PlanLs.-G.  W..  r24    Holland  St.eel    G  asgow. 

teed  Trade. 

ASSISTANT. — Age  21  ;   five  years'  experi- 
ence    Excellentr.feiences -ALPHA,  Nursery  Cotiage, 
Green  Lane,  O  d  Swan,  Liverpool 

SEED  and  BULB    TR AD E.  —  Situation 
wanted,  Shop  or  Warehouse,  by  adverii>er.     Disengaged. 
— C.  A.,  y6    llbert  ^X.  eet.  Qiipen\  P^rk,  Kilbum,  N.W. 

fpu   FLURIS  rs,  &c.— bituaiion  wanted  by  a 

J-       y^ung    Lady   (age   24).      Over    seven    years*    experience. 


HOLLOAAY'S  PILLS  and  OINIMENT 
aie  temedi,  (  which  should  invaiiably  be  taken  by 
Travellers  in  searc.i  of  Health,  Pleasu>e,  or  Business.  Many 
deleterious  n  fluentes  ars  constantly  at  work  ici  loreign  climc, 
tending  to  deteriorate  the  htalth  ;  these  and  the  altered  co  .di- 
lions  Ot  life,  will  entail  on  those  who  travel  the  necessity  of 
carefully  attending  to  early  symptoms  of  disease,  and  ihey  will 
find  the  use  of  these  remedies  to  be  highly  necessary,  the  actioa 
of  the  Pills  being  purifying  and  strengthening  and  of  great 
service  in  cases  of  lever,  agur,  and  all  infl^immaiory  di>eases, 
whilst  the  Ointment  i.s  a  sovereign  cure  in  case^  of  pi'es.  bad 
legs,  bad  b' easts,  wound-s  anri  ulcers.  Holloway's  remedies  do 
not  deteriutaie  by  change  ot  climate. 


256 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  22,  18 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(laleT.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co.), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  Mansion  House 

Buildings. 

Horticultural  Builders  in  Wood 

or  Iron. 

Hot-water    Heatine    Engineers   and 

Boiler  Makers. 

Best  Workmanship  aid  Materials. 

Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


CONTBACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    BEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUEy  i^th  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Gold  Medal  BoUer. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valvea. 


Greenhouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    healed.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
defv  competition. 

Ge'nilemtnw)lldowellto 
obtain  an  Estimate  from 
us  for  which  do  charge 
IS  made,  before  placing 
their  orders  elsewhere. 

I lltistrttted  CatatogU4^ 
free.  Richly  Illustrated 
Cjialogve,  ci>n(aini?t£ 
cter  to  Plates  0/  Winter 
Gardens,  Conserv  ttories, 
I  ifierirs,  Plant  Houses. 
Forcing  Houses  &^c  ,  re- 
cently erected  by  M.  &* 
Co,  Jo, 


MESSENGER   &   COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

(TWO    HUNDBED    AND    FIFIY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  IDs.  ;   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels    of   not    less    than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in    London    only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS     41.    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 

HENRY     O  R  M  SO  N     &     C  O., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER      MtAliiNG      ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,    LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  ai,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Ri&hards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbl-rv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Loinbard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefnars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
said  W'LLIAM  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  August  22,  1885. 

Azent  for  Manchester— John  Hevwood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Mesus.  J.  Mknzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


€stat)li£if)eti  1841. 


No.  609.— Vol.  XXIV.  {serTJs.}    SATURDAY,  AUGUST  29,  i{ 


(Registered  at  the  General  1 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  >• 
WITH       SUPPLEMENT.   }' 


Price  6d. 

Post-free,  jjif. 


CONTENTS. 


Architecture    and     land- 
scape gardening 
Athrotaxis  cupressoides  . 
Caley,  George     . . 
Cardwnda  bush,  the 
Carnations  at  Oxford     .. 
Cherries  under  glass 

Coi 


Cottagers'  show,  a 

Dahhas 

Di^iease     and     decay 


Erythrina  suberosa 
Florists'  flowers  . . 
Fruit  garden,  hardy 
Fruits  under  glass 
Harriy  plants 
Herbaceous  plants 
Kitchen  pirden,  the 


edule 


*stellai 
Nelumbium  luteum 
New   Holland    plants   at 

Osterley  Park 

,,     ,       fruit  growing  at 
Pear  Congress,  the 
Pinus  edulis  and  P.  my- 

nophylla 
Plants    and  their  culture 

PoLitos 

Propagator,  the   . . 


ety 


Seed-raising 

Selenipedium  kaieleurun 

Societies  : — 

Cheadle      Floral      an. 

Horticultural 
Fxeter  Horticultural 
Haiitings  and  bt.   Leo 


Royal  Horticultural  .. 
Sevenoaks       Horiicul- 

Shropshire       Horticul- 


Trowbridge     Horticul- 
tural   . .         . . 
Weston-super-Mare    . . 
Spines  in  Cactuses,  use  of 
St.  Albans,  the  rock  gar- 
den s 


Strawberry,    the     largest 

grower    . . 
Tigridia  grandiflora  alba 


,,     products  of  Nit 
Vegetables     in      I'r^i 

preserving 
Weather,  ihe 


ILLUSTATIONS. 


i  Court,  Section  of  the 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
J^//£     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
■zv/io  experience  any  difficulty  i?i  obtaining 
their    Copies    regularly,    are  particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publislur, 

VV.   RICHARDS,   41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV. C. 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LAAE. 


T 


Now  Readv.  In  cloth,  I63. 
HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

Volume  XXIII.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

GLASGOW  and  WEST  of  SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
The  AUTUMN  FLOWER  SHOW  will  be  held  wi.hin  the 
St.  Andrew's  Hall,  Granville  Street.  Glasgow,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY, Stptember  2.  Prize  Schedules  and  Tickets  cf  Admission 
10  be  had  from  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  CHAS.  MACDONALD 
WILLIAMSON,  194.  We>t  George  Street,  Glasgow;  any  of 
the  Directors  ;  or  at  my  Office  here.  Members'  Ticket  2s.  6d 
each. 


ALNWICK     HORTICULTURAL 
and  BOTANICAL  SOCIETY. 
ANNUAL    EXHIBITION    of    PLANTS.     FLOWERS, 
FRUITS,  and  VEGETABLES.  THURSDAY.  Septen.bir  -,. 
PRIZES    over    TWO    HUNDRED     POUNDS.       List    of 
Prizes  on  application.  GEO.  SIMPSON.     )„       „ 

JAS.  FERGUSON,  f  """•  ="="^5- 


B 


H 


OUVARDIAS,  in  eight  best  kinds,  including 

Doubles,  bushy  plants,  25J.  per  loj.  GARDENIAS, 
plants,  sume  in  bud,  25J.  per  100  POINSETII AS, 
rful  plants,  2ot.  per  100,  package  included. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 

Pterls  serrulata  crlstata  ccmpacta. 
B.     MAY    offers    beautifully    furnished 

Plants  of  this  elegant  FERN,  in  32's,  at  51.  each, 
rded  Fir-t-class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
inical  Certificate,   Royal  Botanic  Society.     Figured  in  the 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES,  "LAXTON'S 
KING  of  the  EARLIES."  and  "THE  CAPTAIN." 
Orders  for  these  remaikable  New  Strawberries,  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  from 

T.  LAXTON,  S:ed  ai;d  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


JOHN   WaVeRER  and   sons,   Bagshot, 
Surrey,  are   now  ofTering  their  two  new  DEUTZIAS   as 
exhibited  at  Manchester  in  May  last,  viz   ;  — 

DEUTZ 1 A  WATE  RERIItSingle  White),  and  D.  WELLSII 
(Double  While).     Price  to  Trade,  i%s.  per  dozen. 

These  are  extra  large  free-flowering  varieties,  and  well  suited 
for  Forcing  and  Cutting  purposes. 


HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  Hlllegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBORG  BhOS.).  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  :  and  kindly  solicits  the 
patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
ill  be  pleased 


of  the 


c 


Hyacintlia.  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 
G.  VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun,,    Haarlem, 

.     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now  ready,   and 
be  had  tiee  on  application  to 

R.   SILBEKRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 


M 
Clutched  Fi 


EC. 


BULBS        TO         BE 
at  Low  Prices  :— 
Double    While    NARCKSUS.     Pheasan 
SUS,  and  DAFFODILS.    A  large  assrrtmei 


i-eye    NARCIS- 

„       --  of  these  superior 

Bulbs  are  cfTered  to  the  Trade  for  the  Season  1885.     Apply  to 
W.  A.  BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Su.tey. 


KELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 
Single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.       KELWAY  and  SON.  Langport.  SomerseL 


N 


ARCISSUS         ODORU; 

NELLl).    true.    20s.    per    1000. 
ted  JONQUILS,  at  15J.  per  i 


good  flowering  bulbs. 

THOS.  GELL,  St.  La- 


(CAMPER- 
a  few  thousand 
All  selected  and 


e,  Ventnor.  Isle  of  Wight. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  alt  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  jhade,  from  pure  white  to  ihe  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine,  from  lar,  to  24J.  per  dozen,  stroog  plants. 
Desanptive^LlST  on  application. 

CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 

Daffodils  (Narcissi),  and   Other  Bulbs  for  Present 

Planting  i^i  Garlens,  Meadows.  &c. 

EDWARD    MORSE,    Nurseries,    Epsom, 
will  send  his  CATALOGUE  of  the  abjve  Bulbs  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  application. 

AM.    C.    JONGKINDT     CONINCK 
•  begs  to  offer  :  — 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILI/E 
,.     SARDENSIS  (Novelty) 
SPIR.EA  PALMATA  ALBA  (Novell))  pure  white. 
Piices  on  application. 
Tottenham  Nurseries,  Deden.svaart,  near  Zwollf,  Netherlands. 

B OUVARDIAS. -Alfred  Neuner,l'resident 
Garfield,  Dazzler,  Huniboldti,  coiymbiflora. 
Strong  bushy  plants  in  thumbs,  ts.  6ii.  per  drzen,  i8r.  per  ico. 
Ditto  in  6o's,  3J.  per  dozen,  sir   per  loo. 

Ditto  in  48's,  41.  per  dozen,  aor.  per  too. 

WILLIAM    POTTEN,    Camden    Nuisery,    Sissinghurst, 
Staplehurst. 

OR     SALE,    12,000     MAIDENHAIR 

FERNS,  from  boxes,  good  Plants,  at  sr.  per  100  ;  FERNS 
in  8  varieties,  in  pots,  at  lor.  per  loo,    or  2i   per  dozen,  sent  by 
post  or  otherwise.     Post-office  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWIN,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road,  Leyton. 


Aberdeen  Favourite  Strawberry. 

JAS.   CONNON,   NURSERYM.AN  (late   CoN- 
NON  Si.  Rbid),  Aberdeen,  who  ient  out  the  above,  can  now 
offer  Plants  by  100  or  1000.     Price  on  application. 

Leaton  Nurseries,  and  33,  Broad  Street. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
Long  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

AND         BARN  HAM, 

all  consignments,  they  are 


O 


QUELCH 

giving  pel 


thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daUy,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
are    open     to     RECEIVE    CONSIGNMENTS    of 
CHOICE  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


WANTED,    Beddin 
NIUM    CUTTINGS      Stale 
prices.     H.  CANNELL  and  SONS,  S' 


Zonal     PELARGO- 

iey,  Kent. 


w 


ANTED,  BETULA  DALECARLICA. 

A  few  good  Specimens  Wanted  in  the  Autumn.     State 


JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Royal  N 


O 


UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 

is  now  in  the  Press.     Send  for  a  copy. 
^   NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

pOiLOGYNlTCRISTATA.— Si.K  Pans  of  the 

V^     above    for     Sale.       Average    40   growths.       Guaranteed 
clean  and  in  perfect  health.     No  reasonable  offer  refused. 
T.  EASTER,  Rathdaire.  Monasterevan.  Ireland. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 

JULES   DE   COClv,  Ghent,   Bel^'ium,   offers 
to   the   Trade:— AZALEAS    INDICA.  'MOLLIS,   and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,   FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR.BA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  tree  on  applicatian. 

■piCTAT^NEW,  BEGONIA  REX  TYPE.— 

-L        Silver  centre,  bright  light  green  margin  with  silver  spots, 
very  beautiful.     Good  plant,  25.  6d  ,  post.free. 

TEA  ROSES,  own  roots,  best  varieties,  sr.    per  drzen,  car- 
riage paid.     Strong  plants  NIPHETOS  Marie  Henrielte,  &c. 
MAIRIS  AND  CO.,  Weston  in  Gordano.  Bristol. 

East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS      METHVEN    AND    SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain   of  ihe  abive.  in  five  varieties 
viz..  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
ir. .  ^s.6it. ,  &  51.  each  colour.    Price  to  the  Trade  on  applicitioo. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 


T)OUVARDIAS  and  PELARGONIUMS,  in 

FERNS,   PIERIS    and  CYRTo'MlUM's,"'good  ""plaLls'   in 

thumbs,  .8s.  per  1x1. 
TEA  ROSES,  in  48's,  60s.  per  loj.  and  extra  large  Matichal 

Niel,  245   par  dozen.     All  for  cash  only. 
ROBERTS  BROS.,  East  Grinstead,  Sussex. 

PRIM ULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 

L  Hue  plints,  ready  for  smgle  po;s,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large  flowered  strains  we  have  distributed  for 
fourteen  years,  ir.  6d.  per  doz..  lor   per  lo^,  zzs   Od'  for  250. 

WM.  CLIliRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiinchjm. 
and  12,  Market  Sireet,  Manchester. 


The  Best  Yellow  Carnation. 
pRIDE  of  PENSHURST.— A  marvellously 

J-  free  bloomer  and  vigorous  grower.  Perfectly  hardy. 
Forces  well.  Plants  ready  about  September.  Price  2j.  6J. 
each.  41.  a  pair.  Cash  with  Order.  Trade  orice  on  application. 
F.  BRIDGER,  Penshurst.  Kent. 

Bulb  Catalogue. 
T  AING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 

-Li  season  is  now  ready,  free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Narcissus,  Crocus,  &c. 
Also  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  £:c.  Early  Orders  ate 
solicited. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-huuses.  — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seafotthia  elegans,  splendidly  foliaged,  20  inches  high.  12s. 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  11.  z,d.  :  same  kinds,  12  inches  high] 
255.  per  loo  ;  sample  12  for  4r.  All  packages  and  parcels  post  free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

"  Irradiating  the  Present,  Restoring  the  Past." 

THE  "ORIGINAL"  LITTLE  BOOK  of 
DAFKODILS.-Ingreatvariety,  Harvested  and  Ripened 
well  for  best  results  with  Wm.  Bavlok  Hartland's  care  and 
culture,  on  his  Private  Grounds,  Temple  Hill,  Cork.  Nu- 
merous  "Original"  Illusirations  and  130  sorts  to  select  from. 
The  Book,  one  of  ;he  best  things  yet  published,  post-free    is 

HARTLAND'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Warehouse, 
24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 

"VE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 

-L     containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts    Price  ir 
BARR  AND  SON.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ED.  PARR6,  Ghent,  Belgium.— Special  Cheap 
Offer.— 20,000  very  well  budded  and  fine  AZALEA  IN- 
DICA, reduction,  25  fr  per  100.  100,000  HOTEI A  JAPONICA, 
very  large  clumps,for  forcing,  from  8i.  to  12s.  perioj.  Price  LIST 
for  Nurserymen  of  Commercial  Plants  post-free  on  application. 

HOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  ns  know.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb   Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Now  Ready. 
rrtEA  and  NOISETTE   ROSES,  in  pots,  of 

-L  best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  grans.  A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
'' -11.--    "ill^e  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13^.  6t/. 


EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  Vie 


,  Ka 


OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS 

-i  Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  3,/.        Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVELandSON. 

Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield. 


OTRAWBERRIES.-Leading  sorts,  in  large 

O     6o's,  for  potting  on  or  planting  out.     Low  prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCISR.KINGHORN.Nurstrj  man,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


258 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  3S,  King  Street. 
Covent  Cirden,  W.C.,  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SA  rURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'Clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

The  Valuable  Collection  of  Orclilda, 

Formed  by  G.  Heriot.  Esq. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  oil  THURSDAY.  Sep- 
tember 3,  instead  of  the  date  previously  announced,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  COLLEC- 
TION of  ORCHIDS  formed  by  G.  Heriot,  Esq  .  of  Cholmeley 
Park,  Highgate,  who  is  giving  up  their  culture.  Amongst 
other  good  things  will  be  found  a  fine  specimen  of  Vanda 
Cathcaiti.  V.  cccrulea,  fine  variety;  Ccclogyne  Leraoniana,  C. 
cristata,  Trichoglottis  fasciata.  very  rare  :  Dendrobium  do?  )p- 
terum,  Angrsecum  sesquipedale,  A.  eburneum,  Dendrobes, 
Cattleyas  Odontoglossnm  Alexandra.  &c.  :  also  a  magnificent 
COLLECTION  of  PHAL/ENOPSIS  in  variety,  mostly 
specially  imported  by  Mr,  Heriot,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

OrcUlds  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY,  September  17.  and  he  will  be 
glad  it  Gentlemen  desirous  of  Entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  particulars  of  same  as  soon  as  possible. 


Dutch  Bulbs.— Great  Uureserved  Sales. 
Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  (38.  Cheapside,  E.G.,  every  MONDAY, THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'Clock  precisely  each 
day,  about  800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISbUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  e.vcellent 
quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  Buyer:. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Acton,  W. 
CLEARANCE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
ate  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Gardens,  Shalemar,  Horn  Lane,  Acton.  W.,  on 
TUESDAY,  September  i,  at  i  o'Clock  precisely,  without  re- 
serve, a  quantity  of  well  grown  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
comprising  Roses,  Camellias,  Azaleas,  5C0  Carnations,  loxi 
Chrysanthemums,  best  named  sorts  ;  Ferns,  three  LAWN 
MOWERS,  GARDEN  PUMP,  &c. 

On  viewday  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  hid  of  Mr.  W.  RAVEN- 
HI  LL,  the  Head  Gardener,  on  the  Premises;  and  of  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Eastbourne.— Dissolution  of  Partnership. 
UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE   SALE  ol  the  whole  of  the 
well-grown     stock     of     STOVE     and     GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS  by  order  of  Messrs.  G.  T.  Scott  &  Co.,    who  are 
dissolving  partnership. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pre- 
mises, on  WEDNESDAY,  Septembers,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely 
(in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots),  without  reserve, 
the  whole  of  the  well-grown  stock,  compri.-tng  2000  PALMS 
of  sons,  amongst  which  are  some  splendid  specimens  ;  1500 
MAIDENHAIR  FERNS,  in  48  and  32  pots,  well  furnished  ; 
1000  AZALEAS,  in  24,  32,  and  48  pots  ;  250  very  fine  plants 
ARAUCARIA  EXCELbA,  100  large  EUCHARIS,  specimen 
White  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  25,000  Golden  EUONY- 
MUS,  and  quantities  of  other  stock  too  numerous  to  mention, 
lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  large  Buyers. 

On  view  one  week  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  on  the 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Whetstone,  Middlesex. 

Nine  miles  from  London,  and  four  minutes'  walk  from 

Totteridge  Railway  Station. 

IMPORTANT     TO    MARKET    GARDENERS,     LAND 

SPECULATORS,  BUILDERS.  AND  OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Davis  (in  consequence  of  ihe 
failing  health  of  Mr.  Davis,  jun)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
the  Mait.  Tokenhouse  Yard,  London.  E.G.,  on  THURSDAY, 
September  3,  at  2  o'Clock  precisely,  in  Three  Lots  :  — 

Lot  I,  comprising  the  valuable  and  attractive  FREEHOLD 
MARKET  GARDEN,  distinguished  as  The  New  Lodge 
Nurseries,  Whetstone,  N.,  containing  an  area  of  about 
4  acres,  34  superiorly  built  Greenhouses,  containing  a  super- 
ficial area  of  nearly  80,000  feet  of  glass,  and  heated  by  about 
sooDO  feet  of  4-inch  piping,  and  all  other  requisite  appliances 
for  growing  plants  and  produce  to  the  greatest  perfection  ;  the 
whole  of  the  luxuriant  and  productive  Vines  are  planted  out ; 
the  substantially  brick-built  twelve-roomed  Residence,  three 
CotUges,  Stabling,  and  numerous  other  Trade  Erections.  This 
Lot  will  be  sold  as  a  going  concern,  together  with  the  Goodwill 
of  the  long-established  Business. 

Lots  2  and  3  will  comprise  Two  valuable  Blocks  of  eligible 
FREEHOLD  BUILDING  LAND,  containing  a  total  area  of 
about  13  acres,  with  commanding  frontages  to  Oakleigh  Road, 
presenting  a  desirable  investment  for  subdivision  into  Building 
Plots. 

The  Auctioneers  would  wish  to  call  the  special  attention 
of  Market  Gardeners  to  Lot  i.  The  property  is  in  complete 
working  order,  and  it  is  indeed  seldom  that  such  an  opportunity 
presents  itselt  of  securing  a  first-class  going  concern  under 
similarly  favourable  circumstances.  A  large  portion  of  the 
Purchase  Money  may  remain  on  Mortgage  if  desired. 

May  be  viewed.  Descriptive  particulars,  with  Plans,  may 
be  had  on  the  premises;  of  Messrs.  BERRY.  BINNS.  and 
LINCOLN,  Solicitors.  27,  Chancery  Lane.  W  C.  :  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Surveyors,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Lea  Bridge  Nurseries.  Leyton,  E. 

GREAT     ANNUAL     TRADE    SALE. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and  MORRIS 
will    SELL   by   AUCTION,    by    order   of   Mr.    John 
Frazer,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY,  Septem- 
ber 16,  several  thousands  of  unusually  well  grown  WINTER 
BLOOMING  HEATHS,  and  OTHER  PLANTS. 
Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


Friday  Next. 

CATTLEVA  GASKELLIANA-large  imported  masses. 
CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA  in  flower. 
WARSCEWICZELLA  Species,  in  fljwer. 
ANGR^CUM   LEONIS,  in  flower. 
CATTLLYA  DOWIANA. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   AND    MORRIS 
are   instructed   by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  the  above. 
wuh  other  ORCHIDS,  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central    Sale 
Rooms.  67  and    68,  Cheapside.    London,  EC,  on    FRIDAY 
NEXT.  September  4.  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Lee,  Kent,  S  E 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to  commence  punctually 
at  II  o'clock  in  consequence  ofihe  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nursiries, 
adjoining  Lee  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY,  September  15. 
at  ir  o'clock  punciuilly.  wilhout  reserve,  20,coo  WINTER 
BLOOMING  HEATHS,  beautifully  grown  and  well  set  with 
bloom-buds,  including  15.000  Erica  hyemalis,  3000  gracilis, 
looi  Caffra,  and  large  quantities  of  ventricosa  and  other 
varieties  ;  large  numbers  of  Erica  gracilis  autumnalis  in  6o-pots 
for  growing  on  ;  7000  well-berried  SOLANUMS,  icoi 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  lox.  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA. 
2000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.soooLOMARIAGIBBA, 
and  other  choice  decorative  Ferns  in  48-pots  ;  2000  GEN- 
ISTAS. 6000  BOUVARDIAS,  including  the  new  double  Sang- 
Lorrain  and  V.  Lemoine,  also  Alfred  Neuner  and  President 
Garfield  :  1000  decorative  PALMS,  1003  EPACRIS,  double 
whue  PRIMULAS,  MarSchal  Niel  and  other  TEA  ROSES, 
extra  strong  STEPHANOTIS,  HOYAS,  English-grown 
CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS,  3000  CLEMATIS  FLAM- 
MULA,  one  year  transplanted,  and  other  stock. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneeis,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

N.  B.-Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  cal  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  Stock  to  be  offered  as  above  The  Plants 
are  remarkably  well  grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good   condition  as  in  former 

Tottenham. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE   SALE. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
a:e    instructed    by     Mr.    John    M.aller    to     SELL    by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nursery,  Totten- 
ham,   on   THURSDAY.    September    17,  several  thousands  of 
WINTER-BLOOMING  HEATHS,  and  OTHER  PLANTS. 
Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


Sidcup,  Kent,  S.E. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER 
FLOWERING  HEATHS,  and  other  Plants,  forming  one 
of  the  largest  collections  ever  offered  to  the  Public.  The 
stock  of  Heaths  is  unrivalled,  the  plants  being  particularly 
well  grown  and  beautifully  set  with  flowers,  and  well  worthy 
of  an  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Longlanils  Nursery,  Sid- 
cup, ten  minutes' walk  from  Pope  Street  Station  (S.E. R-),  on 
FRIDAY,  September  iS,  at  11  o'Clock  precisely  (there  being 
nearly  iroo  Lots),  an  immense  quantity  of  unusually  well-grown 
WINTER  BLOOMING  HEATHS,  and  OTHER  PLANTS, 
including ;— 


2O.OO0  Erica  hyemalis,  well  set. 

10.000  Cytissus  racemosa,    in 

10.000     „     gracdis. 

4S-pots. 

5,000     „     melanthera. 

S,ooo  Adiantum  cuneatum,  in 

5,00a     ,,     Cavendishi. 

48-pols. 

5,000     ,,     maguifica. 

5  000  Sotanums,  in  ^S-pots. 

10  000           coccinea  minor 

5,000  Bouvardias  &l  soits,  in 

All  in  flowering  pots. 

48-pots. 

i.oaoTree  CarnatioDS,  in  48- 

3  000  Cyclamen,  in  4S-pots. 

poti. 

2,000  Grevillea  robusla,  in  4?- 

1,000  double  Primulas,  in  4S- 

pots. 

pots. 

50,000  Heaths  of  sorts,  in  6o* 

300  Camellias,  well  budded. 

pots,  for  growing  on. 

The  stock  is  is  now  on  view.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 

Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheap- 

side.  London,  E.C. 

St  Martin's.  Chichester. 
TO    GRAPE    GROWERS,     FRUITERERS,    CAPITAL- 
ISTS, AND  OTHERS. 
Sale  of  a  FREEHOLD  GARDEN,  known  as  The  Graperies. 

MESSRS.  WYATT  and  SON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  THURSDAY.  September  17,  at  the 
Dtilphin  Hotel,  Chichester,  at  3  o'Clock  precisely,  by  airection 
of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker,  who  is  retiring  from  business,  a  very 
v3lu.ib!e  and  productive  FREEHOLD  GARDEN,  known  as 
THE  GRAPERIES,  ST.  MARTIN'S.  CHICHESTER, 
with  eight  Glasshouses  thereon  in  capital  condition,  heated  with 
flues  and  hot-water  pipes,  having  a  total  length  of  51S  feet,  and 
an  area  of  9646  feet  of  glass,  t'our  of  the  largest  houses  are 
well  stocked  with  the  choicest  Vines  for  market  produce  and  in 
full  bearing  :  the  other  four  are  ussd  as  Strawberry  and 
Tomato  houses.  The  garden  is  planted  with  Plum,  Pear,  and 
Mulberry  trees,  and  welt  stocked  with  fruit  bushes.  There  is 
also  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  from  a  pump  in  the  garden, 
three  large  water  tanks,  and  a  Tool  and  Fowl-house  thereon. 
The  above  garden  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  City  of 
Chichester,  with  a  carriage  entrance  from  Little  London.  It 
has  be.  i  for  many  years  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker, 
who  has  done  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  London  market  and 
trade  customers  at  Southsea,  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Salisbury,  and 
other  places. 

Possession  will  be  given  at  Christmas  next,  with  the  exception 
of  the  vineries  where  the  Grapes  are  not  then  cut,  with  right  of 
access  thereto.  One  half  of  the  purchase  money  may  remain  on 
mortgage  at  4i  per  cent. 

The  garden  may  be  viewed  on  application  to  Mr.  ISAIAH 
BAKER,  The  Graperies,  St.  Martin's,  Chichesler;  and 
particulars,  wiih  conditions  of  sale,  obtained  of  Messrs.  RAPER 
AND  FREELAND.  Solicitors.  West  Street.  Chichester  ;  and 
of  Messrs.  WYATP  and  SON,  Estate  Agents,  Valuers,  and 
Auctioneers,  East  Street,  Chichester,  and  Auction  Mait, 
Havant. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

WANTED,  on  LEASE,  from  20  to  25  Acres 
of    good    GARDEN    GROUND,    with    House    and 
Buildings,  within  to  miles  of  Covent  Garden. 

A.,  I,  Cumberland  Villas,  Kew. 

Freehold  Investment. 

FOR  SALE,  high-class  SHOP  PROPERTY. 
To  pay  5^^  per  cent,  immediately,  with  increasing  rentals. 
Address,  HILL  BROS.,  Broadway,  Streatham,  S.W. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

FuU  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  T.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street.  San  Francisco.  California. 

Adjoining  Station,  Nortti  Kent  Line 

FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL, 
a  Flourishing  NURSERY  BUSINESS.  Four  modern 
built  Glass  Houses,  100  by  16  feet,  and  4  Acres  of  Land. 
Partnership  entertained. 

HARCOURT,  MILLS.  AND TITCHMAR5H,  Auctioneer?, 
Woolwich. 

0  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  on  easy  terms,  on 

account  of  ill  health,  an  excellent  compact  SEED 
BUSINESS  in  the  West  of  England,  with  an  old-esl.ablished 
Insurance  Agency  attached.  A  rare  opportunity  for  an  ener- 
getic Seedsman  with  a  moderate  capital. 

Apply  in  the  first  instance,  to  Mr.  J.  S.  JOHNSON,  209, 
Brooke  Road.  Clapton,  E. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOR  SALE,  or  TO  BE  LET,  an  Old- 
Established  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  on  high  road, 
closetoacily.  Noted  for  Roses  and  Clematises.  Nearly  12 
acres,  5  acres  covered  with  F.uit  Trees  and  Fruiting  Bushes; 
Dwelling-house,  and  Seed  Shop  ;  convenient  Glass  Houses. 
Barn,  Stables,  Piggeries.  &c. 

Apply  to  Mr.  G.  B.  KENNETT,  Solicitor,  Norwich. 

OR    SALE,    or     LET     ON     LEASE,    a 

NURSERY,  2  miles  from  Cambridge  (established  twenty 
years),  containing  about  14  acres  of  Land  (part  if  preferred),  two 
good  Dwelling  houses.  10.500  square  feet  of  Glass,  in  good 
condition,  heated  by  Hot-water.     Slock  taken  at  valuation. 

For  particulars  apply.  31,  Market  Hill.  Cambridge. 

In  tne  Best  Grape  Growing  and  Tomato  District  In 
ENGLAND. 

To    BE    LET,    at  Christmas,  Four    GLASS 
HOUSES,  each  193  by  20  feet,  complete,  with   modern 
Boilers,  4  rows  of  Hot-v^'atcr  Pipes,  and  about  an  Acie  of  Ground. 
Apply    by    letter   to    GRAPE,     May's   Advertising    Ortlces, 
iSQ.  Piccadilly,  W. 

T"  0  SEEDSMEN  and  SEED  GROWERS. 
— Aq  excellent  opportunity  presents  itself  for  Establish- 
ing a  Business  of  this  kind  at  Stevenage,  zS  miles  from  London, 
onG.  N.  R. 

Apply  to  Mr.  BAILEY  DENTON,  Stevenage,  Herts. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &o. 

AMcINTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GAKDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hdl,  N. 

John"    kennard's     horticultural 
Sundries,   Peat,    Loam,    Sand,   and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot,     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 


The  Nurseries,  Keighley. 

J  CARTER  respectfully  invites  an  inspec- 
•  tion  of  his  Nurseries.  The  stock  includes  every  variety 
of  Plants  suitable  for  the  locality.  FOREST  TREES  are 
grown  in  quantity,  and  planted  widely  apart  so  as  to  form  stout 
plants.  SYCAMORES,  from  i  to  12  feet,  are  especially  good. 
Of  RHODODENDRON  "CAUCASICUM  ALBUM"  I 
have  several  thousands,  nearly  all  set  with  bloom-buds  and  are 
grand  bushy  plants  for  either  borders  or  forcing.  This  is  an 
excellent  variety  where  white  flowers  are  wanted  in  spring. 
Dwarf  ROSES,  LAURELS  of  sorts,  up  to  5  and  6  feet,  are 
good  as  can  be  :  and  I  feel  sure  that  any  one  favouring  me  with 
a  visit  will  be  much  pleased. 

The  Kose  and  Palm  Nursery, 

Genlbrug^e,  near  Ghent.  Belsium.     The  Owner, 

OCTAVE      BURVENICH-DE      WINNE, 
begs  to  offer  his  splendid  and  renowned  stock  of  50,000 
AZALEA  MOLLIS-to  be  seen  every  day  in  his  place  :— 
Nice  bushy  stuff,  showing  from  20  to  30  buds,  per  100  ^\    o 


General  BELGIAN  STOCK  at  most  moderate  prices. 
5000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  GRACILLIMUM, 
LOMARIA  ZAMI/EFOLIA,  at  121.  per  roo 


Strawberry  Plants. 

STRAWBERRY    PLANTS.— Warranted  all 
from  Fruiting  Plants,  and  will  produce  a  large  crop  of  fine 

IMPROVED  BLACK  PRINCE,  ALPHA,  CRIMSON 
PINE,  EXQUISITE,  TRIOMPHE  DE  PARIS.  VICOM- 
TESSE  HEKICART  DE  THURV,  KEENS'  SEEDLINGS, 
and  other  really  fine  varieties,  31  per  100.  carriage  free. 

iAXTON'S  GRAND  NEW  STR.AWBERRY,  KING  OF 
THE  EARLIES.  Fruiting  Plants,  2j.  per  dozen,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper. 
Derbyshire. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to 
•  the  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  v.irieties).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS.  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots.  &c.     An  inspection  is  invited. 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
The    ANNUAL    SALE    by  AUCTION   will   be  held    on 
TUESDAY,  September 


Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurs 


.  Lee.  S.E. 


D 


UTCH  BULBS. 


"r\IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  18S5.  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower,  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Frhe  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-HUl,  London,  E.C 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


259 


Seedsmen  to  the    -s^^S^         *y  Special 
Queen,  ^^^Ss    Appointment. 

F&     A.      DICKSON     &     SONS, 
•  106,  Eastgate  Slreet,  Chester 

DICKSON'S     Specially    Selected     Strains    of     FLORISTS 

KLOWERS  are  unsurpassed. 
PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA,  CINERARIA,  GLOXINIA, 

CYCLAMEN.  &c. 
VEGETABLE    and    FLOWER    SEEDS    for    Autumn    and 

Spring  Sowings. 
DICKSON'S  Improved  MUSHROOM  SPAWN  is  the  best. 

See  Testimonials. 
TOBACCO    PAPER,     GARDEN     IMPLEMENTS,     and 

SUNDRIES. 
SEEDS,    BULBS,    PLANTS,   &c.,  of  best  quality  and  at 
most  moderate  prices. 

Free  Deliveries  by  Post  or  Rail. 
CATALOGUES     Gratis    and    Post-free. 

F.     &     A.     DICKSON     &     SONS, 

THE  QUEEN'S  SE6.DSMEN,  CHESTER. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH  BULBS— Season  tSSj. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  "Same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses.  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  ol  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 


CHOICE    IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

,  contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  21^.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6.f.  dd.  to  £i,  ^s. 


SOSiES,  9J.  per  dozen.      A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  &^c.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

A     BLESSING. 

THE     CULTURE 
of  the   ZONAL    PE- 
,  LARGONIUM      to     flower 
^~4^  brilliantly  all  the  year. 


A   bla. 


of  colo 


ity,  but  it  has  been  a  reality 

years.      Perhaps     in     no 

ighbourhood   is   the  enthu- 


siasm  in  growing  them  so  great  _    _    ,  _. 

MOENS,  Esq  ,  invites  the  neighbouring  Gentty  to  bring  their 
Friends  all  the  winter.  Mrs.  MOENS  says  openly  that  she 
blesses  the  day  she  first  visited  Cannell's.  Our  flowers  have 
given  her  inestimable  pleasure  ever  since.  Thousands  of  plants 
now  ready.     Send  for  a  CATALOGUE. 

From  A.  C.  HARCOURT,  EEq.,  139.  Le^vhluim  Road, 
S.E.,  Novnnbcr  15,  1884.—"  If  you  will  write  me  out  every  and 
full  particulars  to  grow  Zonal  Pelargoniums  as  you  grow  them 
to  keep  them  in  full  bloom  all  the  year  as  you  do,  I  will  give  you 

t  post-free  for  Six  stamps 

H.    CAN  NELL    &    SONS, 


KSS^^B^wsrig 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  LIST  of  MISCELL.^NEOUS  BULBS. 

Part  S  consists  e.tclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  fully  described. 

THOMAS    S.    WA  R  E, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


BULB  S 


200,000      DIRECT      FBOm       HOLLAND. 

I!,!^r7f*^''"''  ^'^7'  ^''''  i"'='=^'i"e  Pamphlet  on  Growing 
Tin  iPQ^r""  =PPl"=»"™  HYACINTHS,  from  ^!.  6d  ,00  ; 
SUS  ffn,;     ""^  "■  ".""J   CROCUS,  from  1..    ,00  ;    NARCIS- 

'^'RS^ERTl'YD^E-S'^lS'.'SrR^oXBS'Jham. 


Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supeiior  qiialily.  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN  CATALOGUES  are  in  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 

Roman  Hyacinths.  Lilium  candldum,  Snowdrops. 

HURST   AND   SON   have   a  very  fine  and 
healthy  stock  of  the  above,  and  will  be  happy  to  quote 
Lowest  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

Their  Stock  ()f  DUTCH  BULBS  has  now  arrived  in  most 
excellent  condition,  HYACINTHS  particularly  being  very 
fine.  A  Personal  Inspection  is  cordially  iLVited.  Prices 
extremely  moderate. 

CATALOGUES  ^jive  been  sent  to  all  Customers,  any  who 
have  not  received  a  copy  will  please  let  them  know  and  another 
shall  be  sent. 

Seed  Warehouse,  152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

Ferns.— Fems.-Ferns. 

TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM,  A.STRICTUM,  LOMARI,\GIBBA. 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA.  nice  Plants,  m  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  2o(.  per  100,  £,q  per  1000. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  4}^  and  5-inch 
pots,  4as.  and  los.  per  iod. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


Flowers  at  Christmas. 

SEE 

SUTTON'S 
BULB  CATALO&UE, 

Now   Ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


£uftm/r/i^ 


(^ 


Seedsmen   by   Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the 
Queen  and  H  R.H  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

BEADING. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4^.  per  bushel :   100  for  25J  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

4or.  ;  4-bushel  bags,  4-/.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51,   6d.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  2sr.  ;  sacks,  41/.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ii.  c,i.  per  bushel ;  131.  per  half 
ton,  261    per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d,  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Ss.  M-  per  s.ack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH,  2r,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17.1.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pki/e  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    41.  6d.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  2or. 

PRAT,  be^t  black  fibrous      ..    35.6^/.  „  5  sacks  for  jsj 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    51.  «.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     "» 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  I 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..      1  "■ 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ir.  3^.  per  bush.,  rss.  half  ton,  221  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         . .     M.  lb.,  28  lb  i8j 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.  (Specialile)    S./.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j! 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     55.  per  busheh 

SPHAGNUM    MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush. ,  6.r.  per  sack 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  (Jhubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  rr.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9^  ;  15  sacks,  12s,  ;  20  sacks,  i-js.  ; 
30  sacks,  255  :  40  sacks,  30J.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25i.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2j.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 


.  per  bush,  (sacks  included). 


CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MIL  WALL,  LONDON,   E. 

PEAT,   SAND,   MOULD,  cS:c.— Coarse  and 
SILVER  SAND,  Best  Fibrous  PEAT,  Leaf  MOULD, 
Peat  MOULD,  LOAM,  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE,  &c.,  of  best 
quality  only.     Send  for   Samples  and  Prices,  gratis  and  post- 
free.     Special  terms  to  the  Trade  and  Gentlemen's  Giurdeners. 
BRINKWORTH  and  SONS,  Reading. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Slove  Plants,  .'tc,  £6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK.  KI BKOUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleaj,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  155. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  5  Bags.  22i.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
4SJ-  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  6rf.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  ot  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough  Station,  Hants. 

A     GBEAT     SUCCESS. 

TEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accoidii  g  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  watering-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price,  31.  6,/,  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40.gallon  Casks, 
.f  4  10s.     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO.    (Limited), 

41.  Cannon  Street.  London,  E.C. 


HUGHES' 

%APHICIDE 


E     GRIFFITHS    HUGHES    Opeiatiue    Chemist, 
VTCiORIc\  STREET.  MAHCHESTER. 

SILVER  SAND,  excellent  coarse,  7.5. 
per  ton.  PEAT,  excellent  qualily.  6s  ,  8l  and  lo.t.  per  cubic 
yard.  LtJAM,  excellent  quality,  loj.  per  cubic  yard.  By 
truckloads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  moderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Bed  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fiy.  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3r. ,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 
most  effective,  14  lb.  for  gs.  ;    28  lb..   i8j.  ;    cwt.  70s. 
Special  quotations  tor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton,  E. 

THE 

"SIMPLESS"  FLOWER-POT  CLEANSER. 

Will  Clean  any  sized  Pot  Inside  and  Out  at  same  time 

without  alteration.     Can  be  Fixed  to  any 

Tub  or  Tank. 

Price  of  Cleanser,    without   Tub,  £2  123.  6d. 

Less  -i^pcr  cent,  for  Cash  luilh  Order. 
Tub  supplied  if  required.      Piice  on  application. 


Orders  to  be  sent  to  Sole  Proprietor, 

W.  E  BENNETT,  Thurstones,  Leyland.  near  Preston. 


GARDEN 
S.      A. 


NETTING-. 


SANDS 

J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Varranted  to  Prntect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds,  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


Address-rS.   A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 
rpiFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 

-I-  I'rees  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  2d.  per  yard. 
TANNED  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  description.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultural 
Sundries.     Pnce  LIST  on  application. 

J.  BLACKBURN  and  SONS,  4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street, 
London,  E.C. 


26o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


tAUGUST  20,    l8 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   While  and  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Chris/mas  and  Easier 

Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Earlleat  WhHe  Roman  HYACiNTHS. 

Per  103.  T5I.  ;  |.er  dozen,  2j.  ^li. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  103.  IIS.  6.1.  :  per  Jczep,  il.  Q,/. 

CARTERS'  Paper-Wblte  NARCISSDS. 

Per  loo,  III.  U.  :   per  dozen,  is.  g,f. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS 

Per  loo  "SS.  61/  ;  per  dtzen,  icrr'. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  ICO,  3S.  6rf. 

CARTERS'  Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 

Per  .00,  jil.  ;  per  duzen,  4s.  6</. 

All  Parcels  Packing  and  Carriage  Free. 


r-IARTERS'       COLLECTIONS, 

\J  SELECTED  FROM  THE  .\ROVE  BULBS.— 
A,  price  5J.  ;  B,  p"ice  7s.  6rf. ;  C,  price  i6s.  All  forwarded, 
paclctng  Iree,  fer  Parcels'  Post. 


FOR    Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUE    of     BULBS. 
ROSES,  &c  ,  g  ails  and  post-free. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 
Warrant  to 
'^€X^^t^tDhJ     ^"  ^°^^^  Highness  the 


iPaJt^teJi 


FRINGE  OF  WALES, 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


The  Grand  New  Narcissus, 

"  S    1 

R          W 

s,  each,  2is.  per  d 

A 

1 

K    1 

N." 

1  he  largest 

and  liiiesi  known. 

Fir 

t  clas 

Ceriifi 

ate  Royal 

Honiculm 

al  Society. 

Descnpii 

ve  CATALOGUE 

oos 

-free 

Plant 

It  once 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS. 

"Ne 

wton' 

Nurser 

ies.  Chester. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Clironiclt,  July  28,  1S83  ) 

Now  being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.   and  ids.  6 '.  eacti. 
Casli  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 

FERNS  A  SPECTaLTY! 


THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  ijoo  species 

Special    De<c  iptive    "List   ok   New,   Rake,    and  Choi 


Fen 


riptu 


i,"  t.< 
"LlsTt 


>  Hardy  Nor 


jFeiin- 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


SUPERB    QUALITY. 

\riic  IJirh  of  glolhmb. 

Prices  very  moderate. 

jfiee  iDellvedea. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

f  liliistraled). 


gltliablc  aluiai;a.  Address  in  full— 

R^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
Ube  Queen's  See&smen,    ">  \ 

GHESTEI^.    


SUBSCRIBERS   TO    THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

zv/to    experience    any    difficulty    in    obtaining  their    Copies 

r.'oiilarly,  are  particularly  requested  to  communicate   with 

the  Publisher, 

^V.     RICHARDS, 

41,     WELLINGTON     STREET,      STRAND,     W.C. 

DUTCH  FLOV/ER  ROOTS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 

HYACINTHS,  NARCISSUS,  TULIPS, and  other  BULBOUS  ROOTS; 

.And  are  pleased  to  say  th.tt  they  are  in  exceptionally  fine  condition. 


BULB      CATALOGUE      FOR      1885 

J  fas  no'iii  been  Posted  to  all  our  Custoinei'i ;  any  one  not  fiavim;  received  tfie  sa/ne,  a  Duplicate 
Copy  will  immediately  be  fotwarded  Post-free  on  application. 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NUKSEBY,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,    S.'W. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    &    EVANS, 

LONGLANDS     NURSERY,     SIDCUP, 

Will  place  before  the  Trade,  at  their  GREAT  SALE  in  SEP- 
TEMBER, one  of  the  Largest  Collections  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 
HEATHS  and  OTHER  PLANTS  ever  offered,  including  :— 


20,000  £RICA   HYEMALIS,  ia  flowering 

pots,  well  set. 
10,000      ,,    GRACILIS,  in  flowering  pots, 
well  set. 
5,000      ,,    MEL&NTHERA,  in  flowering 

pots-. 
5,000      ,,    CAVENDISHI,     in     flowering 

pots. 
5,000      ,,    MAGNIFICA,iDfloweiingpot9. 
10,000      ,,    COCCINEA.  MINOR,  in  flower- 
ing pots. 


10,000  CYTISDS  RACEMOSA,  in  48's. 

5,000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  in  48'8. 

5,000  SOLANUMS,  in  48's. 

5,000  BOU'VAKDiaS,  of  sorts,  in  48's. 

3,000  CYCLAMEN,  in  48's. 

1,000  TREE  CARNATIONS,  in  48's. 

1,000  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS,  in  48's. 

2,000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  in  48's. 
50,000  HEATH3,    of    sorts,    in    60'8,    for 
growing  on. 


INSPECTION      INVITED. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS.  MIDDLETON.  MANCHESTER. 

Vtnerles,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peacti  Houses.  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for   practical  utiiily.  econL.niy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  vrrv  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hothed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Piatts,  EsttmaUi  and  Catalogiu-s  tree.      Customers  waited  on  in  any  Part  of  the  Kingdom. 
Our  Majcim  is  and  always  has  been— 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


261 


EARLY 

ForcingBulbs 

I'or  Prices  and  Cultural  Instructions 
see  the  New  Edition  of 

VyEBBS' 

BULB  CATALOGfUE 


For 

1885. 


NOW  BEADY.  For 

Gratia  &  Post-free  I        1885 


THE    (JUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


R      O 


E 


IN  POTS  ;  all  the  best  New  and  Old  English 

and  Foreign  sorts,  from  i%s.  to  361.  per  doz. 

Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD     SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


DUTCH  BULBS  at  DUTCH  PRICES. 

Our  TRADE  LIST  is  now  ready. 

If  you  have  not  received  one,  send  a  Postal   Card  for  it, 
COMPARE      PRICES. 


HOWCROFT     &    WATKINS, 

Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


STRAWS  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  \s.  per  loo.     Plants  in  small  pots.  16^  per  ico  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25J.  per  too.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. -Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6f.  per  bushel 
[is.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d.  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  rr. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
lited).      Nurserymen    and    Seed 


Merchants.  Highg 


;  Nur. 


.  N. 


7^l^%^^t< 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAIL 


PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JamesDickson&sons 

"Newton"  NURSERiEs\rMrrTrD 

lOSEASTCATrS!  MliM 


FOR  PRESEN  T  SO  WING 


SUTTON'S 

FLOWER  SEEDS 


I   Post-free    | 


for  SPRING 


BLOOMING. 


The  Best  24  sorts  of  Hardy  jl       r 

Annuals  and  Perennials    j        OS. 
The  Best  12  sorts,  ditto     ...     2s.  6d. 


Separate  Packets  of  upwards  of  50 
varieties  of  Hardy  Annuals  and  Peren- 
nials, suitable  for  Present  Sowing,  at  3;/. 
to  IS.  6d.  each,  post-free 

FOR     FURTHER     PARTICULARS    SEE 

SUTTON'S 

AUTUMN  CATALOGUES  1885 

Gratis  and  PoEt  free  on  application. 


iiHtnu^o 


im 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to   H.M.   the 
Queen  and  H.R  H.  the  PrlDce  of  Wales, 

READING. 


HYACINTHS,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 
—  May  be  hrd  in  bloom  before  Christmas.  The  best 
pure  White  for  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

IRIS  K^MPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent shades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  country,  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lover  of  (Ijwers.  It  is  by  far  the 
largest  flower  of  this  family,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  olTer  well  established  English-grown 
Roots  ;  also  many  other  varieties  of  Iris. 

TXIA  CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 

J-  This  is  about  the  most  showy  of  this  useful  family 

of  Bulbs. 

TXIA   VIRIDIFLORA— a   most   uncommon 

-L  colour     amongst     flowcTS  —  very     ^t^k^ng,     being 

a  decided  green  with  black  eye.  Also  many  other 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  family  which  only  requires  to  be 
mote  widely  known  to  be  grown  as  largely  as  the 
Tulip  or  Hyacinth. 

L ILIUM  CANDIDUM  — the  Old  White 
Garden  Lily.  Fine  Bulbs  now  ready  for  Planting 
or  Forcing. 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS  —  in  great 
variety— Choice  and  Common. 

SCILLA  SIBIRICA.  — This  charming  rich 
Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop,  to 
which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and 


WHOLESALE     BULB     CATALOGUE 

of  DUTCH  and 
application. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Shbd  and  Bulb  Mbrcmants, 
13,    EXETER    STREET,    STRAND,    W.C. 


Dutch   Flower   Roots. 


B.__S.  WILLIAMS 

Received  his  Aiunial  Importalioji 
of  the  above. 

The  Bulbs  are  unusually  large  and  well 
ripened  this  year. 

IS'  The  BULB  CATALOGUE  has  been  Posted  to  a'l 
Customers.  A  Copy  of  same  will  be  forwarded  to  any  who 
may  not  have  received  one  on  application. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,   LONDON,  N. 


M  '^ii^ 


if-'§^fm. 


dSardfiifi'.')'  Ollu'Dnitk 

SATURDAY,    AUGUST    29,    1885. 


OSTERLEY    PARK. 

OSTERLEY  PARK  is  the  only  private  resi- 
dence within  12  miles  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral  which  still  offers  to  the  adiniring 
view  of  visitors  an  expanse  of  greensward 
reaching  650  acres  in  extent— a  good  old  Eng- 
lish park,  heavily  laden  and  beautifully  timbered. 
Railways  threaten  it,  and  populous  places  sur- 
round it.  A  mile  to  the  north  is  Hanwell,  with 
Ealing  a  little  on  the  right,  the  spires  of  each 
form  landmarks  as  seen  from  the  house  as  that 
of  Harrow,  is  still  further  off.  On  the  south  are 
Hounslow,  Isleworth,  Twickenham,  and  Rich- 
mond, all  opened  up  many  years  ago,  as  are  the 
good  old  towns  of  Brentford  and  Kew,  due  east. 
There  are  other  great  houses  in  the  neighbour- 
hood ;  Sion  House  is  within  2  miles,  and  Ham 
House,  a  residence  of  the  Earl  of  Uysart,  is 
just  across  the  river  from  Twickenham  ;  but, 
although  the  thickly-populated  world  of  Greater 
London  roars  louder  and  nearer  Osterley  Park 
than  it  did  of  old,  and  a  railway  station,  called 
by  its  name,  has  been  opened  within  a  stone's 
throw  of  one  of  its  lodges  ;  the  Park  itself  is  as 
quieJ.  within  its  walls  as  when  the  herons  built 
on  the  high  trees,  or  when  Queen  Elizabeth 
honoured  here  her  favourite  merchant  prince, 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  as  his  guest. 

Three  hundred  years  and  more  have  passed 
since  this  worthy  knight,  the  founder  of  the 
Royal  Exchange,  received  Osterley  as  a  gift 
from  the  Crown,  built  a  stately  mansion,  but  not 
the  present  one,  to  replace  the  old  manor- 
house,  and  enlarged  the  park  by  enclosing  some 
common  ground,  much  to  the  annoyance  of 
certain  poor  folk  in  the  neighbourhood. 

During  the  visit  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  her 
majesty,  having  in  view  the  recent  alterations, 
observed  that  the  court  before  the  house  would 
be  improved  in  appearance  by  dividing  it  with 
a  wall.  Sir  Thomas  sent  over-night  to  London 
for  workmen,  arid  in  the  morning  the  Queen 
was  surprised  to  find  that  the  improvement  she 
had  suggested  had  been  effected.  "  Ah  !  "  said 
one  of  the  wits,  "no  wonder  that  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham,  who  built  the  E.xchange,  can  so  soon 
change  a  building."  In  reference  to  some 
family  disputes  which,  of  course,  the  Court  had 
heard  of,  another  gossip  remarked  that  any 
house  is  easier  divided  than  united.  According 
to  report.  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  found  both 
pleasure  and  profit  in  starting  some  unusual 
manufactures  within  the  boundaries  of  his  park, 
including  oil  and  corn  mills,  and  a  paper 
manufactory  of  his  own  device,  the  first  of  the 
kind  in  England.  All  trace  of  these  works  has 
long  since  been  removed,  and  the  ample  sheets 
of  water,  fed  by  a  small  stream  which  drove  the 
machinery,  are  now  purely  ornamental. 

It  is  always  interesting  to  reflect  on  the  strik- 
ing changes  that  have  overtaken  great  estates, 
and  nothing  more  remarkable  has  happened  in 
connection  with  Osterley  Park  than  the  growth 
of  its  surroundings,  as  already  noticed,  and  the 
augmented  value  of  the  land  which  Sir 
Thomas  cribbed  from  the  adjoining  com- 
mon [as   being  of  small  account,   and,  which 


262 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


in  its  present  improved  condition  as  a  fruit 
garden  carefully  cultivated  for  the  supply  of  the 
London  market,  is  worth  a  rent  of  more  than 
£\o  any  acre  ;  so  that  the  60  acres  of  orchard 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  old  park  are  worth 
quite  twice  as  much  as  the  660  acres  which  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham  emparked  and  empaled. 
Those,  then,  who  regret  the  enclosure  of  com- 
mons which  could  rarely  attain  a  higher  value 
than  about  half-a-crown  an  acre,  should  bear  in 
mind  the  enhanced  value  of  the  ground.  Half- 
a-dozen  idle  "  commoners  "  and  squatters  fed 
their  geese  and  donkeys  on  land  which  the 
Earl  of  Jersey,  the  present  owner  of  Osterley 
Park,  lets  to  a  fruit  grower,  who  employs  forty 
or  fifty  respectable  workpeople. 

Osterley  Park  found  another  millionaire 
owner  and  great  improver  in  Mr.  Francis  Child, 
the  "real  banker  of  Fleet  Street,  the  Rothschild 
of  his  time  ;' and  during  his  reign  and  that  of 
his  brother  and  successor,  Robert,  the  present 
house  was  built— a  quadrangular  red-brick  man- 
sion with  stone  facings,  a  cupola  at  each  corner, 
and  a  handsome  flight  of  steps  on  the  north 
front  leading  to  a  covered  court.  At  this  period 
the  famous  collections  of  pictures  and  books 
were  made.  Sic  transil !  It  often  happens  in 
families  that  sons  fail  and  daughters  succeed, 
and  it  was  so  with  the  Childs  when  the  grand- 
daughter of  Robert  inherited  Osterley.  She,  of 
course,  married  ;  and  thus  during  several  genera- 
tions the  place  has  belonged  to  the  Earls  of 
Jersey,  whose  chief  residence  is  elsewhere— at 
Middleton  Park,  Oxfordshire. 

We  are  told  that  the  great  banker  received 
here  in  his  day,  ambassadors,  foreign  agents, 
loan-mongers,  and  other  company  of  the  kind. 
His  descendant,  the  present  owner,  e.xercises  a 
still  more  bounteous  hospitality  in  the  form  of 
fashionable  garden  parties  and  of  Jctes  of 
another  description,  when  the  park  becomes 
the  camping-ground  of  numerous  schools  and 
useful  societies.  A  large  orangery,  strongly 
built  by  Mr.  Child  after  the  fashion  of  the  last 
century,  is  at  the  present  time  filled  with  forms 
and  benches  which,  with  a  copper  in  the 
corner,  suggest  the  mild  but  joyous  festivities 
which  young  people,  and  their  seniors  too, 
delight  in.  Mr.  Child  spent  large  sums  of 
money  on  the  gardens,  but  as  Lord  Jersey  and 
his  family  are  only  here  about  six'weeks  in  the 
summer,  though  the  copper  boils  all  the  same 
for  their  absence,  the  extensive  kitchen  gardens 
formed  by  Mr.  Child  are  not  now  required  by 
them,  and  the  ground  managed  by  the  gar- 
dener, Mr.  W.  King,  is  chiefly  ornamental 
shrubbery  and  lawn. 

The  grounds  are  laid  out  in  that  best  old 
English  style  which  is  free  from  formality,  and 
whi"ch,  after  the  lapse  of  a  century,  is  now  as 
worthy  of  a  great  house  as  the  more  elaborate 
style  of  terraces  and  extended  grounds,  adorned 
with  the  most  costly  ornaments.  The  house 
is  surrounded  on  the  north,  south,  and  east 
sides  by  the  park  and  lawns,  the  latter  dividing 
it  from  the  former  by  a  not  very  wide  margin, 
except  on  the  east,  where  the  best  and  biggest 
lawn,  reaching  to  the  water,  is  beautifully 
planted  with  great  Cedars  of  Lebanon  breaking 
from  the  ground  and  producing  heads  almost 
unexampled  in  size,  and  full  of  branches. 
Several  great  Planes  stand  near  the  house,  and 
especially  a  grand  one  in  the  park.  The 
English  Elm,  tall  and  stately,  is  the  prevailing 
tree  ;  but  there  are  others,  and  especially  some 
Spanish  as  well  as  Horse  Chestnuts,  which  are 
also  much  admired.  The  pale  red  colour  of 
the  house  is  relieved  by  some  creepers.  Ivy,  and 
a  large  Wistaria,  and  Bignonia  radicans,  with 
its  conspicuous  trumpet-shaped  blossoms,  on 
the  east  wall.  H.  E. 


^UJ 


ERI.A  (HVMENARIA)  LINEOLIGER.V,  n.  sp.* 
A  VERY  interesting  species,  with  a  fusiform  pseudo- 
bulb,  beating  four  rather  thick  cuneate  oblong-lan- 
ceolate leaves  of  parchment-like  texture.  The  neatly 
basilat  ascending  lacemehas  retroflexed  lanceolate  acute 
orange  bracts,  which  ate  neatly  as  long  as  the  stalked 
ovaties.  The  white  flowets  are  veiy  thin  ;  the  sepals 
and  petals  lanceolate  acute,  cutved.  Chin  modetate  ; 
lip  cuneate  dilatate,  tiifid  ;  side-Iacinire  tiiangular, 
cutved  ;  shottet  than  the  mid-lacini:e— veiy  shoit. 
Projecting  mid-lacinice  ttiangular  apiculate  crenulate 
undulate,  three  keels  fiom  the  base  to  the  disk. 
There  ate  purple  lines  on  each  side.  The  peduncle 
and  stalked  ovaties  have  veiy  few  and  vety  short  thin 
haits,  which  ate  scatcely  seen.  Hence  I  tegaid  the 
species  as  best  placed  in  Hymenatia,  notwilhstanding 
the  piesence  of  some  such  organs.  The  plant  was 
impoited  fiom  Siam  by  Mt.  T.  Chtisty,  F.L  S.,  of 
Sydenham,  whete  it  floweted,  undei  the  management 
of  Mr.  E.  Leaney.  Mr.  Chtisty  was  also  so  kind  as 
to  send  me  a  sketch,  so  that  I  could  undetstand  the 
position  of  the  peduncles.  H.  G.  Rchh.  f. 

Selenipedium  kaieteurum,  N.  E.  Br.,  n.  sp. 

Leaves  7 — g  inches  long,  2 — 2\  inches  btoad, 
lanceolate-oblong,  acute,  glabious,  vety  coriaceous, 
bright  datk  gteen  above,  palet  beneath.  Scape 
many-floweted,  pubescent,  with  complicate,  acumi- 
nate, glabtous  sheaths  and  btacts,  of  an  olive-gteen, 
with  btownish-ted  netves,  and  suffused  with  the  same 
colour.  Ovaiy  2j  inches  long.  Dotsal  sepal  iS— 20 
lines  long,  9  lines  btoad,  oblong,  hooded  at  the  apex, 
matgins  tecutving,  ctisped  -  undulate  ;  lower  sepal 
15  — 16  lines  long,  I  inch  broad,  elliptic,  entite,  or 
slightly  bifid  at  the  apex,  concave,  matgins  ctisped- 
undulate  ;  both  sepals  ate  pale  gteen,  with  teddish- 
btown  netves  on  the  outside  ;  they  ate  pubescent  on 
both  surfaces,  but  more  minutely  within.  Petals 
2^  inches  long,  6—7  lines  btoad,  falcately  linear- 
oblong,  apex  vety  obtuse  and  emarginate,  margins 
lecutved,  undulate  and  ciliate,  the  cilia  towatds  the 
apex  becoming  longer,  and  dark  putple-brown  ;  in- 
side and  out  the  petals  'Ste  pale  gteen,  ptettily 
marked  with  brownish-ctimson  veins  ;  on  the  outside 
towatds  the  margins  and  apex,  and  on  the  inside  at 
the  base,  and  along  the  lower  margin,  they  ate  pubes- 
cent. Labellum  ij  inch  long,  5  inch  btoad,  with  the 
ioRexed  sides  vety  obtusely  tounded,  glabtous,  bright 
light  olive-gteen,  with  brownish-crimson  veins,  and 
densely  dotted  on  the  inflexed  sides,  and  mote 
sparsely  on  the  front  patt  of  the  lip,  with  the  same 
colouf :  staminode  somewhat  squately  tiapezoid,  pubes- 
cent, gteenish-white. 

Although  the  leaves  ate  not  vatiegated,  and  the 
Howeis  ate  not  btilliantly  colouted,  yet  on  the  whole 
the  plant  is  rathet  a  pleasing  one,  and  many  Oichid 
lovets  would  consider  it  a  gieat  ptize.  The  plant  was 
sent  to  Kew  by  Mt.  G.  S.  Jenman,  who  discoveted  it 
gtowing  abundantly  on  the  rocks,  under  the  magni- 
ficent Kaieteut  Fall,  on  the  Potato  River,  British 
Guiana,  whete  it  is  not  very  likely  to  be  disturbed  by 
collectors  fot  some  time  to  come  ;  it  is  No.  S79  of 
Mr.  Tenman's  dried  specimens.  Specifically  it  is 
allied  to  S.  Lindleyana,  but  diffets  in  having  mote 
glabtous  sheaths  and  btacts,  and  dilTetently  colouted 
flowers.  yV.  E.  Brirum. 


St.  Peter's,  Hammersmith,  and  District 
Gardeners',  &c.,  Improvement  Society.  — 
This  Society  will  hold  its  show  on  Thursday, 
November  19. 


THE   CARAWNDA    BUSH. 

This  is  one  of  the  Apocynacese,  and  known  to 
botanists  as  Catissa  catandas.  It  is  a  small  bush, 
not  much  highei  than  a  man,  with  densely-packed 
datk  gteen  shining  foliage,  and  stipular  shatp  thotns, 
about  an  inch  long.  The  leaves  ate  cotiaceous,  and 
about  an  inch  long,  and  about  as  broad,  some- 
limes    slightly    emarginate,    at    others    oval.      The 

*  Erin  liitcotisera.  n.  sp.— Pseudobiilbo  fusilbrmi  bi-tripol- 
licari  apice  quadrifolio  (certe  non  semper) ;  foliis  pergameneis 
cunealo  lanceolatis  acutis  (4-5  poMices  longis,  duas  tertias 
latis) :  pedunculo  subbasilari  erecto  levissime  puberulo  :  b  acteis 
ligulatis  acutis  deflexis  ovaria  pedicellata  subaiquantibus  : 
sepalis  lanceolatis  acutis,  lateraltbus  curvis  :  tepalis  falcatis  ; 
labello  cuneato  obloDgo  trifido,  laciniis  lateralibus  triangulo  fal- 
catis acutis  abbrevialis,  lacinia  mediana  triangula  crenulata, 
carinis  temis  a  basi  in  discum.  Licet  lavissime  puberula  in 
pedunculo  ac  in  ovariis  pedicellatis  tatnen.  Hymenariis  adso- 
cianda  visa.    Ex  Siam  imp.  cl.  T.  Christy.  H.  G.  Rflti./. 


flowets  ate  small,  white,  and  Jasmine  -  like. 
They  come  nut  in  the  hot  weathet.  But 
the  charm  of  this  bush  is  in  July,  when  its  half-tipe 
waxy  betties  hang  in  clustets  all  ovet  the  bush.  They 
ate  of  the  sire  of  Olives,  a  btilliant  ted  on  one  side, 
and  a  cteam  on  the  othet — a  most  assthetic  combina- 
tion. No  ted-cheeked  Apple  could  be  handsomet  ; 
and  these  berries  ate  infinitely  mote  elegant  and 
decotative.  When  tipe  they  ate  of  a  unifoti^i  dark 
red,  with  a  bland  milky  juice.  There  is  another 
vatiety  with  dull  red  and  green  betties,  which  turn 
of  a  deep  plum  colour  when  tipe.  Their 
juice  is  then  of  a  tich  beet-ted.  The  Catawnda  fruit 
is  sour,  and  much  used  by  natives  for  making 
"chutney."  The  little  untipe  betties,  with  the  skin 
and  seeds  temoved  and  cooked  in  pastty  with  sugar 
and  Cloves,  make  a  fair  substitute  for  Apple  tatt. 
If  this  elegant  bush  could  be  gtown  in  pots  in 
English  consetvatoties  and  made  to  ftuit,  it  would 
really  be  a  gteat  acquisition.  The  beauty  of  its 
betries,  hanging  in  clustets,  against  the  shining  datk 
gteen  foliage,  is  unique.  For  decorative  purposes, 
worked  in  vases  with  fine  foliage  and  some  elegant 
white  flowet,  such  as  Tabetna;montana,  or  Evening 
Ptimtose,  its  value  ought  to  be  gteat.  I  do  not 
temember  evet  having  seen  it  noticed  ot  pictuted 
anywhete  as  a  decorative  ot  useful  plant.  In  India  a 
hedge  of  Katwanda  of  the  red  and  cteam  vatiety, 
would  be  woith  seeing  in  the  month  of  July.  The 
wild  Catissa  catandas  is  found  in  many  patts  of  India, 
and  if  so  handsome  and  useful  a  bush  has  come  ftom 
this  wild  thing,  it  stands  to  teason  that  if  wotked 
and  selected  futlhet,  by  ctossing  the  two  cultivated 
vatieties,  something  much  finet  and  mote  useful 
might  be  developed.  E,  Bontivia,  M,D,,  Etawahi 
Jtily  21. 


HARDY     PLANTS. 

OuKisiA  cocciNEA. — This,  one  of  the  ptettiest 
and  most  distinct  of  hatdy  plants,  cannot  well  be 
over-ptaised,  fot  it  is  cettainly  a  decotative  subject  of 
the  highest  metit,  and  one  of  which  we  cannot  have 
too  much.  It  is  said  to  be  shy — indeed,  some  petsons 
cannot  get  on  with  it  at  all,  do  what  they  will  to  coax 
it,  theit  summing  up  being  that  it  is  a  fickle  plant, 
difficult  to  gfow,  and  a  shy  bloomet.  In  some 
gardens,  and  under  certain  conditions  this  may  be 
true,  but  with  a  reasonable  amount  of  cate  in  the 
selection  of  a  suitable  soil  and  situation — fot  it  will 
not  do  evety  where  and  in  any  soil  — the  above  diffi- 
culties will  ete  long  be  ovetcome,  and  the  plant  be 
found  as  easily  managed  as  any  othet  alpine.  A 
cool,  tathet  damp,  stiffish  soil  and  shady  situation^ 
at  least,  whete  not  exposed  to  the  mid-day  sun — ate 
its  chief  requirements,  and  whete  it  will  when 
once  established  slowly  cteep  about,  and  fotm  gtand 
masses  of  its  wavy,  deep  gteen  foliage.  The  lax 
clusters  of  dazzling  scarlet  flowets,  although  never 
botne  in  gteat  ptofusion,  ate  both  distinct  and  beau- 
tiful, and  set  off  to  the  best  advantage  by  the  intense 
deep  gteen  and  finely  cut  foliage. 

Houstonia  ccerulea 
is  a  ptetty  and  neat  little  North  Ametican  plant,  that 
is  only  suited  fot  associating  with  the  smallest  and 
choicest  of  alpines.  This  delicate  plant  pioduces 
dense,  low  cushions  of  leaves,  and  an  abundance  of 
pale  blue  flowets,  sutmounted  on  stems  tately  exceed- 
ing a  couple  of  inches  in  height.  Thete  is  also  a 
white-floweted  fotm,  but  as  it  is  in  eveiy  tespect, 
unless  colout  of  flowets,  similat  to  the  one  undet  con- 
sidetation,  we  will  pass  it  by.  It  is  of  the  easiest 
cultute,  succeeding  well  in  sandy  peat,  and  where 
fully  exposed,  although  in  ordinaty  gatden  soil  and 
in  both  sun  and  shade,  we  have  it  thriving  luxutiantly 
and  fioweting  freely  for  thtee  months  in  the  yeat. 

The  Alpine  Hutchinsia  {H.  alpina) 
is  in  evety  way  a  fit  companion  fot  the  latter  plant. 
Dwarf  in  habit — for  it  seldom  teaches  2  inches  in 
height — with  deeply  cut  shining  foliage,  and  small 
glistening  white  flowets,  this  is  a  vety  desitable  rock 
plant,  and  one  which,  ftom  its  case  of  cultute,  can  be 
specially  lecommended.  Fot  the  ordinaty  border  it 
is  also  well  adapted,  and  when  planted  in  good  free 
loam  soon  becomes  a  compact  mass  of  pure  white 
very  enduring  flowets.  It  is  a  native  of  South 
Eutope,  and  a  petfectly  hatdy  evetgteen  in  our 
climate  genetally, 

Ononis   rotundifolia, 
although  introduced  to  our  gardens  more  than  300 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


263 


years  ago,  is  but  too  little  known  as  a  neat  evergreen 
flowering  shrub  that  is  well  adapted  for  the  rougher 
parts  of  the  rock  garden.  Growing  from  12—20 
inches  in  height,  with  roundish,  trifoliate  leaves  and 
handsome,  rose-coloured  flowers,  which  are  well  set 
off  by  the  thick  deep  green  foliage,  it  will  be  seen 
that  this  is  both  a  distinct  and  pretty  plant,  and, 
being  of  the  easiest  culture,  it  deserves  a  place  wher- 
ever choice  old-fashioned  flowers  are  grown.  As  lo 
soil  it  is  by  no  means  particular,  thriving  well  in  that 
of  very  opposite  characters,  although  preferring  good 
loam  and  a  rather  dry  situation. 

The  Olympic  St.  John's  Wort  (IIyi'ericum 
olympicum), 
with  its  plentiful  production  of  bright  yellow  flowers 
nearly  as  large  as  the  common  Rose  of  Sharon  (II. 
calycinum),  is  just  now  one  of  our  most  attractive 
rock  or  border  plants.  A  bluish  glaucous  hue 
pervades  the  whole  plant,  and  sets  off  to  perfection 
the  large  golden  flowers.  Planted  in  loamy,  rather 
dry  soil,  this  pretty  St.  John's  Wort  soon  forms  a 
bushy,  vigorous  plant  of  the  most  pleasing  description, 
and  is  alike  suited  to  the  lockwork  or  herbaceous 
border. 

Several  other  members  of  this  family  are  well 
worthy  of  attention,  and  amply  repay  by  their  distinct 
foliage  and  abundance  of  bloom  the  small  amount  of 
attention  that  is  required  to  be  expended  on  their  cul- 
tivation. Amongst  these  we  would  particularly  note 
H.  repens,  which  makes  a  lovely  carpet,  dotted  over 
with  bright  yellow  flowers  ;  H.  empetrifoHum,  a 
dwarf  bushy  shrub,  not  unlike  some  of  the  Heaths  ; 
and  our  native  Tutsan  or  Sweet  Amber  (II.  andro- 
saemum).  The  latter  is,  indeed,  a  worthy  companion 
to  any  of  the  exotic  species,  for,  apart  from  its  hand- 
some foliage  and-  clustered  cymes  of  flowers,  it  bears 
a  very  attractive,  berry-like  capsule,  pinkish  at  first 
but  becoming  of  a  glossy  black  as  winter  sets  in. 

Stonecrops. 
Amongst  the  numerous  Stonecrops  none  is  at  present 
more  lovely  in  both  leaf  and  flower  than  the  i'yrenean 
species,  Sedum  brevifolium.  Although,  perhaps, 
rather  delicate  for  general  use  in  our  climate,  yet 
when  planted  In  rather  dry  soil,  on  sunny  parts  of  the 
rockwork,  it  usually  succeeds  and  soon  forms  healthy 
tufts  of  short  mealy  foliage.  For  frame  culture  it  is 
admirably  adapted,  and  where,  better  even  than  in 
the  open  ground,  the  foliage  and  flowers  attain  a  size 
and  healthy  appearance  that  is  rarely  seen  in  the 
border  or  rockwork.  In  appearance  it  closely  re- 
sembles S.  farinosum,  and  to  which  it  is,  in  our  idea, 
a  superior  plant  for  general  use. 

The  Iyy  Campanula  (C.  hederacea), 
besides  being  a  native,  has  much  to  claim  our  atten- 
tion, for  there  is  a  peculiar  delicate  grace  about  it  that 
is  entirely  wanting  in  the  more  robust  members  of  the 
same  family.  The  prostrate  thread-like  branches, 
minute  glaucous-green  leaves,  and  suft'usion  of  pale 
bluish-purple  flowers,  all  go  to  render  this  plant  of 
particular  interest  and  well  suited  for  adorning  the 
damper  portions  of  our  rock  garden.  It  is  of  the 
easiest  culture,  and  when  left  unmolested  soon  covers 
a  considerable  surface  of  ground.  For  carpeting  the 
taller  semi-marsh  plants,  this  little  native  has  but 
few  equals,  indeed  at  present,  when  the  foliage  is 
almost  hidden  by  bloom,  we  can  think  of  no  equal 
amongst  dwarf  rock  plants. 

St.  Dabeoc's,  or  the  Irish  Heath  (Menziesia 

polifolia), 
with  its  dark  shining  green  leaves  and  terminal  race- 
mose crimson-purple  flowers,  is  just  now  at  its  best. 
For  a  moist  peat  soil  it  is  well  adapted,  and  blooms 
profusely  from  year  to  year,  in  this  latter  respect 
yielding  to  none  of  the  miniature  peat-loving  shrubs. 
Although  usually  grown  as  a  peat  plant,  still  this  is  by 
no  means  necessary,  as  it  will  succeed  and  flower  well 
in  good  sandy  loam.  The  variety  alba  is  a  very 
desirable  acquisition,  the  pure  white,  wax-like  flowers 
being  copiously  produced,  and  remain  for  a  long 
time  in  perfection.  Another  variety — stricta  or  glo- 
bosa — differs  but  little  from  the  natural  form  ;  the 
foliage  is  perhaps  more  compact,  and  the  plant 
usually  of  smaller  size. 

The  Oswego  Tea,  or  Bee  Balm  (Monarda 

DIUVMA. 

is  by  far  the  showiest  of  this- family  that  finds  a  place 
in  our  gardens.     Hailing  from  North  America,  from 


where  it  was  introduced  nearly  150  years  ago,  this, 
handsome  plant  is  well  suited  for  our  climate.  It 
bears  large  brilliant  flowers,  the  shaggy  forms  of 
which  rise  up  from  afar,  and  lend  quite  a  novel  feature 
to  the  adjoining  plants.  Rising  from  iS  inches  to 
sometimes  over  2  feet  in  height,  this  highly  esteemed 
plant  is  best  adapted  for  the  rougher  portions  of  the 
rockwork,  or,  better  still,  for  planting  at  the  backs  of 
wide  borders,  and  in  front  of  the  taller  growing 
shrubs,  and  where  at  present  it  forms  a  fine  feature. 

M.  Russelliana  and  M.  fistulosa,  though  of  value  in 
their  own  way,  are  weedy  when  compared  with  the 
above. 

Glnothera  Fraserii. 

In  this  plant  will  at  present  be  found  one  of  the 
prettiest  and  most  attractive  of  the  Evening  Prim- 
roses. The  rich  dark  green  foliage,  and  abundance  cf 
golden-yellow  flowers,  which  are  produced  for  many 
weeks  at  a  time,  together  with  the  graceful  arching 
stems,  renders  this  plant  very  suitable  for  rockwork, 
where,  indeed,  it  feels  quite  at  home,  overhanging 
large  boulders,  or  leisurely  scrambling  amongst  loose 
stones.  It  well  repays  generous  treatment,  for  although 
it  will  grow  anywhere  and  in  almost  any  soil,  yet,  like 
the  various  other  members  of  this  rather  extensive 
family,  a  light  rich  soil  and  sunny  situation  produces 
by  far  the  finest  specimens.  GC.  taraxacifolia  surprises 
most  people  who  have  not  seen  it  before,  for  the 
spreading  mass  of  finely-cut  foliage,  interspersed 
with  large  open  blossoms,  some  white,  some  pink, 
and  others  rose,  have  a  very  telling  effect.  To  enjoy 
their  fragrance  and  beauty  the  ( Knothera  should  be 
seen  in  the  "gloamin'."  Emcrgo. 


ARCHITECTURE   AND    LAND- 
SCAPE  GARDENING.— IV. 

In  continuation  of  our  extracts  from  the  lectures 
of  Mr.  G.  Richards  Julian,  A.R.I.B.A.,  on  the  above 
subject,  we  this  week  give  some  of  his  remarks  on  the 
subject  of  ornamental  bridges,  and  illustrate  them  by 
a  reproduction,  in  our  Supplement,  of  his  drawing  of 
the  bridge  in  Osterley  Park,  near  Hounslow  (see 
also  p.  261).  In  speaking  of  bridges  of  Gothic 
character  the  lecturer  said  :  — 

"  The  full-pointed  arch  will  rarely  be  appro- 
priate, the  form  should,  as  a  rule,  be  either  simple- 
segmental  or  pointed-segmental,  the  latter  giving 
generally  the  most  satisfactory  effect  ;  the  arches 
should  be  ribbed,  that  is,  a  transverse  section  through 
the  bridge  would  show  a  series  of  ribs  on  the  under- 
side of  the  arch,  and  these  ribs  should  have  splays  or 
mouldings  at  their  angles.  The  piers  produce  the 
best  effect  when  carried  out  with  bold  cutwaters, 
which  should  be  reduced  as  they  rise  by  weatherings 
somewhat  similar  to  those  on  early  buttresses.  These 
cutwaters  may  either  be  stopped  below  the  parapet, 
or  their  lines  be  carried  up  through  it  ;  in  the  latter 
case  they  form  convenient  recesses,  in  which  pedes- 
trians may  stand  while  a  carriage  passes  if  the  bridge 
be  narrow. 

"The  parapets  can  of  course  be  treated  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  before  described  for  terrace  walls,  but, 
in  my  opinion,  are  generally  more  pleasing  when 
solid  than  when  pierced  ;  an  excellent  effect  may  be 
obtained  by  overhanging  the  parapet  a  little,  carrying 
it  on  a  corbel-table  of  small  arches.  If  it  is  desired 
to  give  to  a  design  a  Late  (iothic  character,  the  form 
of  the  arches  should  be  the  depressed  four-centred 
Tudor  one,  when  the  spandrels  could  be  decorated  with 
panels,  similar  to  those  common  in  the  doorways  of  the 
Perpendicular  period  ;  an  example  of  this  kind  of 
bridge,  but  executed  in  iron,  may  be  seen  at  West- 
minster, designed  thus  with  the  object  of  harmonising 
it  with  the  adjoining  Houses  of  Parliament." 

Coming  to  the  Renaissance  style,  Mr.  Julian 
said  : — 

"  In  dealing  with  ornamental  bridges  in  this 
style  a  wide  field  is  open  to  you.  They  may  range 
from  the  simplest  form  of  small,  uncovered  bridge  to 
that  which  is  covered,  from  end  to  end,  with  a  highly 
ornamental  architectural  structure. 

"As  a  rule,  these  ornamental  bridges  should  be  con- 
structed of  stone -it  is  more  monumental  in  character 
than  iron,  less  suggestive  of  being  a  mere  work  of 
utility,  and   has  this  great  advantage,   that  age  im- 


proves it.  Stone  weathers  well,  whereas  an  iron 
structure  requires  repainting  ;  and  the  beautiful  tints 
given  to  stonework  by  lichen  and  moss  are  never 
added  to  iron. 

"The  form  of  arch  should  generallybe  the  segmental, 
but  the  semicircular  may  be  used  when  the  spans  are 
small.  For  the  lower  part  of  these  bridges  rustication, 
in  one  of  its  various  forms,  is  most  suitable — it  gives 
an  air  of  solidity  and  strength  which  satisfies  the  eye. 
"In  the  simplest  kind  of  bridge,  the  arch— whose 
voussoirs  should  be  well  marked  and  deep,  with  an 
ornamental  keystone  in  the  centre — should  be  flanked 
by  wide,  simple,  projecting,  rusticated  piers.  Piers 
of  some  sort  should  always  be  introduced,  they  seem 
to  strengthen  the  abutments,  and  serve  to  frame  the 
arch,  making  an  architectural  composition.  The 
lower  part— that  is,  the  part  below  the  roadway, 
should  be  separated  from  the  parapet  by  a  horizontal 
cornice  or  string  course,  which  also  serves  to  mark 
the  line  of  the  road.  The  lines  of  the  abutment  piers 
must  be  carried  up  through  the  parapet,  and  this  part  of 
the  parapet  is  best  when  kept  solid  :  it  may,  however, 
be  decorated  by  panels  and  carving.  The  wall  be- 
tween these  piers  may  be  balustraded,  or  pierced  in  a 
similar  manner  to  that  described  for  terrace  walls. 

"  Where  an  increase  of  ornamental  effect  is  desired, 
pilasters  or  columns  may  be  added  to  the  abutments, 
as  shown  in  the  fine  old  bridge  from  Osterley  Park 
(see  our  Supplement).  This  bridge  also  shows  an  ex- 
cellent arrangement  of  parapet,  the  mixture  of  solid, 
carved  panels,  with  the  open  balustrades  ;  and  the 
broken  line  of  the  coping,  give  play  and  picturesque- 
ness  to  the  composition,  and  suggest  a  method  of  ob- 
taining artistic  effects  by  simple  means. 

"  I  hardly  know  whether  it  is  necessary  for  me  to 
warn  you  never  to  put  a  pier  in  the  centre,  in  cases 
where  it  is  desirable  to  have  more  than  one  arch  ;  at 
any  rate,  I  think  it  worth  mentioning.  The  rule 
"  always  an  opening  in  the  centre  "  applies  to  almost 
all  architectural  compositions.  If  you  have  three 
arches  the  effect  of  the  whole  may  generally  be 
improved  by  making  the  central  one  wider,  and  con- 
sequently higher,  than  the  side  ones. 

"The  most  beautiful  form  of  bridge  for  a  park  is, 
however,  the  covered  one.  The  best  example,  known 
to  me,  of  this  kind  of  bridge  is  the  one  in  Prior 
Park,  Bath.  It  is  quite  small,  and  would  without  its 
upper  part  be  very  insignificant  ;  but  by  the  erection 
on  it  of  an  excellently  proportioned  Ionic  colonnade, 
terminated  at  each  end  by  an  arcaded  pavilion,  it  is 
made  into  an  architectural  decoration  which,  con- 
trasting with  the  masses  of  foliage  behind,  adds 
materially  to  the  natural  beauties  of  the  place.  In 
the  position  of  this  bridge,  as  well  as  in  its  design,  we 
at  once  recognise  the  hand  of  the  true  artist.  If 
stood  on  an  open  flat  it  might  appear  pretentious 
and  self-assertive,  but  closing  a  vista  in  a  valley,  the 
regular  lines  of  its  architecture  heightening  by  con- 
trast the  beauty  of  the  woods  around,  which  in 
return  seem  to  soften  the  contours  of  the  stonework, 
the  whole  blends  harmoniously  into  a  picture  which 
completely  satisfies  the  artistic  sense." 


GEORGE  CALEY. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  present  century 
George  Calcy,  residing  at  Birmingham,  practising  the 
veterinary  ait,  had  acquired  a  love  for  plants  through 
collecting  certain  kinds  for  horse  medicine.  This  in 
some  way  brought  him  under  the  notice  of  Sir 
Joseph  Banks,  who,  after  due  examination,  considered 
him  qualified  to  become  a  botanical  collector,  and  he 
was  accordingly  appointed  botanical  collector  for 
Kew  in  New  South  Wales.  We  have  no  record  of 
his  appointment,  but  it  appears  certain  that  he  was  in 
that  colony  in  1801.  In  Hortus  AVtwkju  Jacksonia 
scoparia  is  recorded  to  have  been  introduced  by  him  in 
1S03.  He  spent  ten  years  in  the  colony,  during 
which  time  he  made  journeys  to  various  parts  in  what 
may  be  called  the  Sydney  district.  He  was  the  first 
person  who  attempted  to  cross  the  Blue  Mountains. 
Twenty  years  later,  Allan  Cunningham,  in  his 
Jotinicv  Over  the  Blue  Moutilains,  says,  "  We 
came  to  a  heap  of  stones  marked  '  Caley's  Re- 
pulse,' indicating  the  farthest  point  that  inde- 
fatigable and  persevering  botanist  reached  in  his 
endeavours  to  cross  the  mountains  to  the  west- 
ward." His  name  does  not  appear  very  often  in 
I/oit.  //c.'.,  as  having  introduced  many  living  plants 
to  the  garden  collection.  He  returned  to  England  in 
1811,  andin  1817  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  Botanic  Garden,   St.   Vincent,   where  he   made 


264 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  29,  18 


large  herbarium  collections  which  were  (as  also  al 
the  Australian  specimens)  forwarded  to  Sir  Joseph 
Banks,  for  his  herbarium  in  Soho  Square,  as  also  a 
collection  to  the  great  patron  of  botany,  A.  B.  Lam- 
bert, Esq.,  who  presented  the  writer  of  this  with 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  Fern  collection.  Oa  the 
breaking  up  of  the  St.  Vincent  garden  he  returned 
to  England,  and  took  up  his  residence  at  Bayswaler. 
He  occasionally  visited  Kew — the  last  time,  I  think, 
was  in  1S2S,  when  he  had  been  at  Kingston  Hill  to  see 
the  Orobanche  which  grew  there,  and  on  the  return 
home  called  at  Kew,  leaving  fine  specimens  of  Oro- 
banche with  us.  He  died  at  Bayswater  some  time 
before  1S32. 

A  genus  of  Orchidaceoe  was  dedicated  by  Robert 
Brown  to  his  honour  :  one  species,  Caleya  major,  was 
cultivated  at  Kew  ;  it  was  introduced  in  iSio.  J . 
Smithy  ex-Curaior,  Royal  Gardens^  Kezo, 


THE    ROCK-GARDEN    AT    ST. 
ALBAN'S. 

May  I  comment  on  one  or  two  of  your  criticisms 
that  appeared  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle  for  July  4  ? 
I  entirely  admit  the  anomaly  of  a  sandstone  formation 
cropping  out  of  the  chalk.  I  was  perfectly  aware  of 
this  when  I  set  to  work.  But  this  must  be  borne  in 
mind,  that  1  never  intended  my  rocks  per  se  to  form 
a  feature.  I  wanted  to  grow  alpines — and  rocks  of 
some  sort  I  then  believed  I  must  have,  though  I 
have  had  reason  to  modify  that  opinion  since,  as  far 
as  many  alpines  are  concerned.  Well,  then  came 
the  question  as  to  what  rocks  ?  Chalk  boulders, 
very  picturesque  as  they  are,  no  doubt,  in  what 
you  well  describe  as  their  "  pell-mell  confusion 
by  the  sea,"  never  could  possibly  have  answered 
the  end  for  which  they  were  utilised.  The 
nearest  local  rock  deposit  offered  itself  in  the  lime- 
stone quarries  at  flythe  {Kentish  rag).  No  doubt 
some  plants  would  have  been  at  home  on  this,  but 
there  were  several  objections  to  the  use  of  the  lime- 
stone. It  is  exceedingly  hard,  non-absorbent,  and  a 
great  radiator,  and  in  addition  to  this  the  worked 
beds  are  very  shallow,  running  from  about  a  foot  to 
15  inches,  and  offering  neither  variation  in  their 
thickness,  so  as  to  afford  picturesque  contrast  in  the 
substance  of  the  beds,  nor  any  massive  boulders  to 
break  the  tameness  of  the  simple  stratification.  Now 
the  Tunbridge  Wells  and  Wadhurst  sandstone 
quarries  offered  all  these  desiderata  ;  and  above  all, 
these  rocks  are  pre-eminently  absorbent  and  retentive 
of  moisture.  This  clenched  the  matter,  and  to  those 
localities  I  went.  My  first  intention  was  to  employ 
Mr.  Pulham,  of  Broxbourne,  and  he  came  down,  but 
I  soon  found  that  his  ideas  and  mine  differed  as 
widely  as  the  poles.  He  was  all  for  effect,  to  be 
attained  by  piling  up  masses,  with  a  liberal  supply  of 
cement.  I  was  all  for  suppressing  feature,  and  my 
one  aim  was  to  construct  as  unostentatiously  as  was 
possible,  and  to  let  my  rock  crop  out  from  the  slopes 
of  the  hollow  wiih  which  I  had  to  deal.  I  ended 
therefore,  by  retaining  one  of  Mr.  Pulham's 
foremen,  to  assist  me  mechanically  in  getting 
the  rocks  into  position,  every  stone  being  placed 
under  my  personal  direction,  and  on  my  own 
design.  No  pains  were  spared.  The  whole  space 
assigned  to  the  rocks  was  scarped  away,  a  ginch 
wall  in  cement  built  behind  the  position  to  be  occu- 
pied, just  to  a  surface  level,  in  order  to  keep  out  tree 
and  shrub  roots,  and  an  average  depth  of  prepared 
soil  from  about  4  feet  in  front  to  about  S  to  10  feet  at 
the  back  was  thus  obtained,  giving  (with  variation, 
of  course)  some  such  section  as  that  shown  in 
fig-  55- 

Ample  drainage  was  got  by  coarse  limestone  rubble 
at  the  bottom  ;  and  the  soil  was  formed  in  propor- 
tions of  loam  and  broken  limestone.  For  the  first 
three  or  four  years,  while  the  loam  was  unexhausted, 
all  went  well.  I  grew  splendid  cushions  of  Myosotis 
alpestris  and  M.  pyrenaica,  Androsace  carnea,  mag- 
nificent pieces  of  the  Mount  Dore  variety,  A.  villosa, 
the  smaller  Gentian,  Primula  farinosa,  &c.,  all 
growing  and  blooming  in  juxtaposition.  In  three  or 
four  years  the  loam  wasted  away,  became  impover- 
ished, and  soon  it  was  clear  that  the  limestone  was 
overdone.  The  whole  rockery  was  well  covered.  I 
took  up  every  plant,  emptied  all  the  made  soil,  got 
fresh  loam  (and  very  poor  it  proved),  and  went 
through  the  whole  carting,  wheeling,  disorder,  and 
horrors  of  that  kind,  and  replanted  again.  Very 
little  gain  resulted.      However,  for  several  years  I 


went  to  the  Pyrenees,  Switzerland,  Italy,  France, 
and  came  back  with  from  one  to  three  large  cases  of 
plants,  and  so  by  dint  of  perpetual  replenishing  for 
about  eight  or  ten  years  I  kept  up  a  sort  of  appearance. 
Androsace  imbricata,  wedged  with  steel  out  of  the 
volcanic  rocks  ;  A.  pyramidalis,  Eritrychium  nanum, 
Saxifraga  intermedia,  were  brought  year  after  year  to 
live  perhaps  two  or  at  most  three  summers.  I  once 
had  a  grand  specimen  of  S.  imbricata  till  a  thrush  found 
a  worm  behind  it.  So  with  Saxifraga  florulenta  :  worms 
used  to  work  them  out  of  the  crevices.  At  last  by 
night  gathering  I  extinguished  the  worms.  Still  I 
had  woodlice,  who  delight  in  the  roots  of  A.  carnea 
above  all  other  plants  ;  and  then  ants  drove  me  wild. 
With  scarcely  an  exception  I  planted  for  years  every 
single  plant  with  my  own  hands,  and  heavy  work  it 
was  getting  them  into  the  stony  rubbly  soil.  Every 
spring  I  did  all  the  clearing,  cutting,  thinning,  and 
putting  in  order,  and  generally  had  a  bad  illness  from 
chills  after  it. 

A  good  deal  of  the  small  weeding  I  also  did 
myself,  though  the  bulk  was  done  by  a  woman 
whom  I  trained  for  the  purpose.  Gradually  fre- 
quent disappointments,  with  the  loss  and  failure 
of  plants,  the  failing  energy  of  years,  other  pursuits 
and  demands  on  my  time,  brought  slackness,  and  the 
hobby  has  run  its  course.  The  plants  you  saw  are 
the  survivors  of  a  once  interesting  collection.  It  is 
true,  as  you  have  observed,  that  "  there  are  no  signs 
of  that  desperate  conflict  for  existence  where  the 
strong  overpower  the  weak,"  for  I  never  allowed 
that,  but  the  gems  of  the  mountain  sides  and  summits 
are  no  longer  there,  because  they  cannot  and  will  not 
endure  the  fogs  of  November  mingled  with  frost — 
worse  still,  sharp  white  frosts  following  heavy  rain, 
with  no  protecting  carpet  of  snow,  and  all  other 
noxious  influences.  Primulas  entirely  decline  to 
grow  here,  the  smaller  Gentians  very  nearly  the  same. 
Many  of  the  alpine  Ranunculi,  numbers  of  bulbs,  in 
(act  countless  things,  have  persistently  refused  to  live 
in  this  part  of  East  Kent.  I  believe  Mr.  Ewbank 
grows  easily  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  plants  that  baffle 
me  here,  and  I  know  Mr.  Maw  grew  numbers  at 
Broseley.    IV.  Oxctulen  Harjivwnd. 


CARNATIONS   AT   OXFORD. 

Mentio.n  has  been  made  of  Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell's 
Carnation  and  Picotee  garden  at  the  Stanley  Road, 
Oxford.  In  it  there  is  not  only  an  immense  number 
but  a  great  variety  of  the  Dianthus  tribe.  In  order 
to  have  his  plants  under  due  protection,  five  or  six 
houses  have  been  erected — substantial  wooden  struc- 
ture, two  o(  them  having  span-roofs  of  glass,  but  fully 
open  at  the  sides  where  necessary  ;  the  pots  stand  on 
low  benches  about  12  int;hes  or  so  from  the  ground, 
open  underneath,  so  as  to  secure  a  free  circulation  of 
air ;  between  and  about  the  houses  and  frames  (of 
which  there  are  several)  run  well  kept  gravel  walks 
a  good  portion  of  them  being  covered  with  Stafford- 
shire tiles,  which  enables  a  wheelbarrow,  with  a  load 
of  soil,  to  be  trundled  without  doing  any  damage 
to  the  paths.  The  potting  benches  are  perfect  in 
their  way  ;  there  are  sheds  for  layering  and  other  pur- 
poses ;  it  is  indeed  a  Dianthus  garden,  where  all  the 
newer,  and  a  few  of  the  choice  old  varieties  of  Car- 
nations and  Picotees  are  grown,  largely,  healthily,  and 
successfully.  There  are  to  be  seen  some  3500  plants 
growing  in  1500  pots.  In  pots  9  inches  in  diameter, 
three  plants  of  one  variety  are  placed  ;  in  S-inch  pots 
two  plants  ;  and  in  7-inch  pots  a  pair  of  weak  plants 
or  a  single  strong  one.  Generally  the  plants  have  pro- 
duced strong  healthy  grass,  and  the  work  of  layering 

(now  being  prosecuted)  is  a  great  and  lengthy  task 

As  Mr.  Dodwell  contemplates  he  will  make  20,000 
layers,  which  will  give  him  this  number  of  fine  plants 
for  distribution  next  year,  and  mainly  of  his  own 
seedlings.  In  addition  there  is  a  large  bed  of 
seedlings,  comprising  1000  seedlings,  which  have 
flowered  this  season,  and  anything  of  promise  is  lifted 
from  the  ground,  placed  in  a  pot,  and  layered  in  the 
usual  manner. 

Mr.  Dodwell's  conception  of  an  early  Carnation  is 
that  of  a  poor,  starry,  fringed,  saw-leaved,  five-petalled 
flower,  A  flower  figured  by  Parkinson  represents  one 
of  the  D.  Heddewigii  type  ;  these  and  seminal  forms 


sported,  and  became  striped  on  the  surface,  and  from 
this  were  gradually  evolved  the  Carnation  and  Picotee 
of  the  present  day.  Mr.  Dodwell  is  of  opinion  that  the 
flaked  and  bizarre  Carnations  came  from  the  Picotee  ; 
that  the  original  Picotee  was  a  flower  with  three  bars 
or  stripes  of  colour  on  the  petals  ;  these  by  selection 
became  defined  flakes,  and  afterwards  came  colour 
upon  colour,  or  bizarres.  The  attempt  to  fix  the 
colour  upon  the  edge  of  the  Picotee  in  the  form  of  a 
dense  margin,  rather  than  as  stripes,  Mr.  Dodwell 
regards  as  a  later  attempt  than  that  of  improving  the 
Carnation,  and  this  may  appear  reasonable  from  the 
fact  that  the  Picotee  is  smaller  than  the  Carnation, 
though  the  difference  in  size  is  more  apparent  than 
real.  A  curve  on  the  outside  of  the  petal  of  a  flower, 
a  resting  colour  on  the  margin  of  the  petal,  always 
carries  the  eyes  round  the  circumference,  and  appa- 
rently limits  the  size.  In  the  case  of  flakes  of  colour 
running  along  the  length  of  the  petal,  the  dimensions 
of  a  flower  look  larger  in  consequence.  Picotees 
generally  are  certainly  a  little  later  in  developing  than 
Carnations. 

Sixty  years  ago  the  named  Picotees  were  very  poor. 
As  flakes  and  bizarres  came  out  of  them — as  definite- 
ness,  clearness,  and  distinctness  came  to  be  regarded 
as  valuable  qualities — selections  were  made  of  flowers 
coming  up  to  these  requirements.  Up  to  thirty  years 
ago  the  named  Picotees  were  more  or  less  charac- 
terised by  an  edging  deepenmg  in  depth  in  the  centre 
of  the  edge  of  the  petal.  It  was  then  Mr.  Dodwell 
proclaimed  as  a  standard  of  quality  that  the  margin 
of  colour  should  be  of  the  same  depth  and  dimensions 
all  round  the  pet,al.  Previous  to  this  Mr.  Dodwell 
had  left  London  and  settled  in  Derby — about  1S44  — 
and  in  1845  he  commenced  raising  Picotees  from 
seed.  One  of  his  first  varieties  was  Alfred,  purple- 
edges,  bloomed  in  1S49  ;  followed  by  Mary,  a  red- 
edge  ;  and  both  these  showed  the  truth  of  Mr,  Djd- 
well's  contention.  He  grew  Picotees  continuously  up 
to  1S60,  exhibiting  for  the  first  time  in  1S46.  Amy 
Robsart,  Mrs.  Bayley,  and  Florence  Nightingale 
were  also  raised.  All  these  were  of  Princess  Alice 
blood,  a  variety  raised  by  Wood  &  Ingram,  of  Hun- 
tingdon. In  1S5S  Mr.  Dodwell  purchared  John 
Holland's  nursery  (Chadderton  Gardens),  at  Middle- 
ton,  and  here  he  raised  Countess  of  Wilton  and  other 
Picotees.  He  also  raised  Carnations  while  at  Derby, 
such  as  Fanny,  P.P.B.;  Hester,  P.F.,  a  sport ;  John 
Bayley,  S.  F.,  a  variety  grown  in  the  present  day,  and 
others. 

"  In  the  florists'  world  of  the  Dianthus  tribe," 
remarks  Mr.  Dodwell,  "nothing  lives  beyond  ten  or 
twelve  years,  and  a  variety  that  holds  its  own  beyond 
this  time  is  of  exceptional  merit.  There  is  a  mar- 
vellous variety  found  in  the  Carnation — no  two 
petals  can  be  found  exactly  alike,  and  no  two 
stripes  are  exactly  alike  in  size  and  density."  Its 
capacity  for  taking  on  new  shades  of  colour  is  par- 
ticularly noticeable  ;  shades  have  deepened  to  the 
densest  purple,  and  nearly  black  ;  and  from  black 
through  shades  of  lilac,  mauve,  rose,  and  pink,  to 
the  purest  white.  It  is  found  that  the  character  of 
the  flowers  are  much  affected  by  treatment  and  cir- 
cumstances ;  those  of  climate  and  soil  will  sometimes 
have  a  great  effect  upon  the  bloom. 

In  1859,  having  been  in  business  at  Chadderton 
for  the  space  of  twenty-one  months,  Mr.  Dodwell 
removed  to  London,  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
the  Devonshire  Road,  South  Lambeth,  where  he 
lived  for  the  space  of  fourteeri  years.  Here  he 
attempted  to  grow  Carnations  and  Picotees,  but 
owing  to  prolonged  absence  from  home,  during 
which  the  plants  sutTered  greatly,  he  had  to  give  up 
their  culture. 

In  1 873  he  went  to  reside  at  Chatham  Terrace, 
Larkhall  Rise,  Clapham,  and  here,  having  better 
opportunities  for  cultivating,  the  old  floral  tastes 
revived.  In  the  autumn  of  1S74  he  began  to  make 
a  collection,  and  in  1S75  commenced  fertilising 
his  best  flowers,  but  it  was  not  until  1S76  that  he 
obtained  a  good  lot  of  seed,  and  from  this  came 
S.B.  Robert  Lord,  SB.  Ben  Simonite,  S.B.  Arthur 
Medhurst,  SB.  George,  S.B.  Fred,  C.B.  Stanley 
Hudson,  C.B.  Thomas  Moore,  and  others  ;  and  also 
some  seedlings  subsequently  named  by  Mr.  Turner. 
Picotees  would  not  develope  in  the  Clapham  atmo- 
sphere, but  Carnations  came  in  excellent  character. 
Here  Mr.  Dodwell  remained  until  the  end  of  iSSr, 
when  he  removed  to  the  Stanley  Road,  Oxford,  the 
house  he  now  inhabits  being  in  process  of  building, 
the  garden  a  deep  pit  resting  on  clay.  The  clay, 
being  of  a  very  stiff,  adhesive  nature,  was  burnt  to 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


265 


the  extent  of  from  400  to  500  tons,  and  all  the  Car- 
nation soil  that  had  been  gathered  together  at  Clap- 
ham  was  brought  here  at  a  considerable  cost.  It  is 
now  a  perfect,  and,  it  may  be  said,  unrivalled  Car- 
nation and  Picotee  garden.  This  season  Mr.  Dod- 
well  has  proved  forty  selected  seedlings  of  1SS2  — S3, 
and  120  of  1SS4.  He  has  this  summer  flowered  1036 
seedlings;  in  1S44,  1750  were  bloomed  ;  and  in  1SS3 
rather  over  1500.  It  is  computed  that  20,000  layers 
will  be  made  this  season,  all  of  seedlings  of  Mr.  Dod- 
well's  own  raising. 

The  "running"  of  Carnations,  i  e.y  the  breaking 
of  a  flower  into  a  coloured  instead  of  a  white  ground, 
is  one  of  those  matters  that  baffles  the  speculations  of 
cultivators,  as  it  did  many  years  ago.  [Reversion  to  an 
ancestral  condition.]  Carnations  are  much  more  dis- 
posed to  **  run  "  than  Picotees  ;  it  is  not  often  that 
the  latter  take  on  the  run  character.  Run  Carnations 
will  occasionally  revert  to  the  original  character,  but 
run  flowers  are  never  propagated  for  purposes  of  sale, 
except  as  self  or  fancy  varieties.  The  Carnation  occa- 
sionally sports;  thus,  that  fine  S. F.  Sportsman  iq  a 
sport  from  the  S.B.  Admiral  Curzon  ;  and  other 
instances  might  be  mentioned. 

Most  of  Mr.  Dodwell's  fine  self  and  fancy  varieties 


together  wiih  the  old  florists'  favourite  toast,  **  May 
we  never  be  fun'  out.** 

In  dressing  Carnations  it  is  considered  fair  to 
remove  what  leaves  the  operator  chooses,  and,  with  a 
pair  of  tweezers,  to  put  what  remains  in  the  best  and 
most  regular  form,  the  petals  overlapping  each  other, 
with  a  few  short  ones  in  the  centre,  forming  the 
crown  ;  but  extremely  wrong  to  make  any  addition 
thereto  from  other  flowers.  The  art  of  the  dresser 
tells  powerfully  on  the  exhibition  table. 

To  show  how  actively  Mr.  Dndwell  has  been 
engaged  in  raising  new  varieties  of  Carnations  since 
the  lime  he  commenced  operations  at  Clapham,  he 
has  named  and  distributed  sixty-one  bizarre  and  . 
forty-eight  flaked  varieties,  and  thirteen  Picotees, 
besides  seedlings  which  have  been  named  by  others. 
In  addition  there  are  many  fine  self  and  fancy 
varieties,  and  all  this  is  simply  an  earnest  of  what  is  to 
follow.  Year  after  year  Mr.  Dodwell  crosses  his  best 
flowers,  and  from  them  raises  seedlings.  He  has  this 
season  flowered  for  the  second  and  third  time 
160  selected  seedlings;  and  considerable  augmenta- 
tions of  flowers  of  high  characler  will  no  doubt  be 
made  to  our  lists  of  named  varieties  from  such  a 
numerous  batch. 


~c-/} 


Fig.  55.— section  of  the  rock  garden  at  st.  alban's  court,    (see  p.  264.) 


are  seedlings,  and  a  considerable  proportion  of  seed- 
lings will  come  self-coloured.  Occasionally  a  good 
fancy  comes  from  a  sport,  as  in  the  case  of  Mrs. 
Moslyn  Owen,  a  very  rich  crimson  and  dark  purple  ; 
this  originated  as  a  sport  from  C.B.  Thomas  Moore, 
and  in  common  with  others  its  character  is  quite 
fixed. 

A  "split  pod,"  in  which  the  green  calyx  divides 
and  shows  the  base  of  the  petals,  though  still  a  dis- 
qualification at  some  shows,  is  not  so  at  South  Ken- 
sington. It  is  mainly  caused  by  the  rapid  expansion 
of  a  full  fiower,  and  by  other  influences  operating. 
Instances  have  been  known,  where  the  pod  has 
burst,  of  putting  the  flower  into  a  fresh  one  ;  but  they 
belong  to  a  time  now  somewhat  remote.  A  case 
once  occurred  of  a  split  pod  being  patched  up  with  a 
piece  of  green  silk,  tied  close  up  to  the  petals.  Bad 
petals  have  been  removed,  and  good  ones  substituted  ; 
a  pellet  of  cotton-wool  being  crammed  down  to  keep 
them  in  their  places.  A  neater  way  of  doing  this  is 
by  drawing  the  petal  down  into  the  pod  with  a  piece 
of  green  silk.  Mention  has  been  made  of  a  Carnation 
composed  of  petals  taken  from  other  flowers,  not  one 
of  which  belonged  to  the  pod  in  which  they  were 
put,  but  were  the  best  that  could  be  selected  from 
perhaps  a  dozen  flowers.  Practices  like  these  have 
passed  away  into  the  limbo  of  things  that  once  were, 


The  seeds  saved  in  any  year  are  held  over  until  the 
following  March,  when  they  are  sown.  Up  to  this 
year  they  have  been  sown  in  seed  pans  and  pots. 
This  season  a  coating  of  cocoa-fibre  was  spread  over 
a  spent  hotbed,  and  on  this  was  laid  a  layer  of  fine 
soil  of  a  light  free  nature  ;  and  over  this  was  spread 
about  2  inches  of  some  finely  sified  leaf-soil  ;  drills  are 
drawn,  and  the  seeds  sown  thinly  in  them.  It  would 
appear  that  last  season's  seeds  came  indifferently 
well,  as  only  some  3000  of  them  germinated  out  of 
the  large  number  of  7000.  Whether  this  was  owing 
to  the  drought  of  1SS4  or  not  cannot  be  determined. 
R.  D. 


USE  OF  SPINES    IN   CACTUSES. 

When  young  and  vigorous — i.e.^  in  early  life— the 
teeth  are  very  spiny  ;  when  the  tree  is  aged,  and  the 
branches  then  a  distance  above  ihe  surface  of  the 
ground,  losing  vigour,  the  spines  are  weak  or  absent. 
Sir  John  Lubbock  and  others,  following  the  poet 
Southey,  see  in  this  a  beautiful  adaptation  for  pro- 
tective purposes.  When  within  the  reach  of  animals 
spines  are  borne,  when  high  up,  where  animals  cannot 
reach,  spines  are  unnecessary.  Numbers  of  species  of 
plants  have  mucronate  points  to  the  leafy  serrature, 
which  are  wanting  in   maturer  years.     It  is  at  any 


rate  diflicult  to  imagine  why  a  sharp  point  should  be 
made  especially  for  protection,  and  points  less  tharp 
for  no  proiective  use  at  all. 

I  have  often  reflected  on  the  fact  referred  to  by  Dr. 
Newberry,  that  our  thorniest  plants  are  in  much 
greater  proportion  in  places  where  animal  life  is 
scarce,  and  ihe  immense  police  force  sustained  by  the 
great  vegetable  community  absolutely  thrown  away. 
Cactuses  and  other  ihnrny  things  I  have  seen  covered 
with  thorns  and  spines  on  dei^erts  where  the  hot  air 
seemed  to  be  bounding  up  and  down  like  the  surging 
ocean,  and  where  not  even  a  lizard  could  have  dared 
to  show  its  face.  Thorns  cannot  be,  so  I  have 
thought,  for  protection  where  the  climate  gives  all 
the  protection  desired.  I  am  not  one  who  doubts 
that  Nature  has  a  purpose  in  every  move  she  makes, 
but  the  main  purposes,  I  think,  we  seldom  reach,  and 
that  we  do  ourselves  an  injury  in  research  by  assuming 
mere  incidental  uses  as  the  main  purposes  for  which 
structures  seem  to  be  '*  adapted." 

One  of  these  uses  in  the  spines  of  Cactus  has 
occurred  to  me  after  reading  Dr.  Newberry's  remarks 
on  Pinus  edulis.  They  break  the  full  force  of  the 
sun  on  the  plant,  a  force  it  is  made  to  endure,  and 
not  to  love,  as  we  know  who  have  learned  to  culti- 
vate it.  Plant  lovers  set  out  their  treasures  in  sum- 
mer und^'r  "arbours'*  of  fish-netting  or  galvanised 
wire,  and  those  who  have  no  experience  would  be 
surprised  to  find  how  the  moving  shadows  of  the 
twine  or  wire  lowers  the  temperature.  A  mass  of 
spines  on  a  Cactus  must  certainly  have  the  same 
eft'ect.  A  Cactus  does  not  need  much  light  on  its 
epiderm  to  keep  healthy.  On  the  dry  mesas  along 
the  Uncompahgre  River  I  have  seen  some  aggregated 
masses  of  Echinocactus  phceniceus  forming  dense 
hemispheres  a  foot  high  and  as  much  wide,  with 
spines  so  thoroughly  interlaced  with  spines  as  to  rival 
the  hedgehog,  and  leaving  not  a  particle  of  the  green 
surface  visible  ;  and  there  are  species  not  caespitose, 
such  as  E.  pectinatus,  which  no  one  can  see  for  spines 
without  cutting  apart,  and  forming  a  complete  pro- 
tection from  the  hot  suns  under  which  they  are 
doomed  to  live. 

I  do  not  suppose  I  have  yet  reached  the  final  pur- 
pose of  spines  in  a  Cactus,  any  more  than  we  have 
the  final  purpose  in  the  existence  of  the  Cactus  itself, 
but  that  one  use  of  Cactus  spines  is  to  furnish  a  partial 
shade  I  feel  to  be  beyond  a  doubt.  Thomas  Meehan  in 
"  Bulletin  of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Club." 


ORCHIDS    FOR    AMATEURS. 

{Coniijiutd  from  p.  214.) 

Quite  recently  several  new  varieties  of  Lselia 
anceps  of  great  beauty  have  been  imported,  of  these, 
which  are  closely  allied  to  L?elia  anceps  Dawsoni, 

Lidia  anceps  SchrceJeriana,  Rchb.  f.,  is  stated  to 
be  the  finest  white  Lselia  that  has  yet  been  intro- 
duced. Professor  Reichenbach  speaks  of  it  as  dis- 
tinct ;  the  flowers  are  larger  than  those  of  L.  a. 
Dawsoni,  with  broader  petals,  and  a  very  remarkable 
labellum.  This  is  very  flat  and  broad,  three-lobed,  the 
lateral  lobes  quadrate,  and  the  middle  lobe  very  large 
and  notched  in  the  centre.  The  flowers  are  white 
with  an  orange  base  to  the  labellum,  marked  with 
five  parallel  Imes  of  crimson-purple. 

LtElia  anceps  stella  is  also  related  to  L.  anceps 
Dawsoni.  The  flowers  are  described  as  stellate  ;  the 
median  lobe  of  the  labellum  is  not  notched,  but  has 
an  entire  margin  ;  the  base  is  orange  coloured,  and 
there  is  a  scarlet  blotch,  or  macula,  on  each  side. 
This  last  character  is  the  distinguishing  mark  of  a 
variety  called  L.  anceps  vestalis,  which  resembles  L. 
anceps  stella,  except  that  the  base  of  the  labellum  is 
white  instead  of  orange  coloured, 

Lalia  albida. — This  forms  the  type  of  the  second 
group  of  Mexican  Laslias.  It  is  an  old  species,  which 
was  introduced  in  iSjS  from  the  mountains  of  Oaxaca, 
It  is  a  dwarf  plant,  wjth  numerous  ovoid  pseudobulbs 
closely  crowded  together,  and  when  young  surrounded 
by  thin  silvery  scales.  The  young  bulbs  are  sur- 
mounted by  two  narrow,  strap-shaped,  coriaceous 
leaves,  of  a  pale  green  colour.  The  old  bulbs  are 
leafless,  and  deeply  furrowed.  The  flowers  are  borne 
on  long,  upright  peduncles,  six  or  more  in  a  panicle. 
They  are  2  inches  in  diameter,  of  a  beautiful  ivory- 
white  colour,  or  white  shaded  with  pink  or  bufi".  The" 
labellum  is  rose  coloured,  with  yellow  radiating  lines 
in  the  throat.  The  flowers  are  very  fragrant  in  the 
early  morning, 

L.  albida  Mariana  has  glaucous  leaves,  and  white 


266 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[Aur.usT  29,  1885. 


excess  of  water  is  fatal  lo  it,  and  free  air  is  absolutely 

Culture.  essential.     A  slight  frost  does  it  no  harm  if  it  is  dry. 

Loelia  albida,  and  indeed  all  the  remaining  Mexican      I  believe  it  would  do  perfectly  well  in  the  shelter  ot  a 

ecies  of  Lxlia,  require  cool  treatment  and  plenty  ol      verandah  except  in  the  cold  winter  months,  when  it 


species  ol  L,xlia,  tequiic  1.UU.  ..^-....—- r 1  —      -^  i,„„i.i 

air.  They  are  also  all  impatient  of  moisture,  and  in  this      needs  the  protection  of  a  greenhouse,  which  should 
-  ■    ■  All  its  varieties      also  be  adorded  it  until  after  flowering. 


respect   resemble  Cattleya   citrina. 


I  believe 


Figs)."  In  Ilatvey  and  Sonder's  F/ora  dipenns, 
p.  412,  the  flowers  are  also  described  as  "yellow  or 
purple."  Johnson  and  Loudon  state  the  flowers  to 
be  "  pink,"  but  these,  as  compilers  only,  can  scarcely 
be  considered  as  authorities  on  the  subject,  and,  in  my 
opinion,  they  are  undoubtedly  wrong.  Mr.  Cooper, 
who  collected  in  South  Africa,  writes  me  as  follow 


flower   in    the  dull    months   of  winter.     When  well      vinery  would  suit  it  better  than  any  o'»<^'  "™— '  :       T/xh;;;  ate  p  'ants  growing  near  Cape  Town  alike  m 
grown  nothing  can  exceed  the  beauty  ot^the  flower,  of      The   flowers  appear   with    the    young    shoots,    and       J^\"  £f„^^^^^^^^^ 


this  species.  A  warm  greenhouse  in  winter,  and  thi 
coolest  possible  corner  of  a  verandah  in  summer,  are 
the  best  places  to  grow  Loslia  albida.  It  is  one  of 
those  plants  which  do  best  in  the  open  air,  and  I  feel 
sure  that  any  one  living  in  the  country  could  grow 
this  plant  to  perfection  in  a  shady  porch,  ot  in  a  cool 
verandah,  suspended  in  an  Orchid-basket,  in  summer, 
and  I  believe  it  would  flower  well  in  a  conservatory, 
or  even  in  a  south  window.  The  experiment  is  worthy 
of  a  trial,  as  plants  can  be  obtained  for  a  mere  trifle 
at  the  present  time,  and  the  great  beauty  of  its 
flowers  make  it  a  universal  favourite.  I  am  sure  any 
one  who  can  flower  Pelargoniums  in  winter  could  grow 
L.  albida  in  the  greenhouse,  and  as  the  flowers  last 
for  six  or  eight  weeks,  it  would  be  a  very  desirable 
plant  to  have. 

L.  /ur/uraiea  has  pale  pink  flowers  and  broad 
thick  leaves  ;  it  is  apparently  intermediate  between  L. 
autumnalis  and  the  last  species,  but  is  quite  distinct 
from  either.     The  culture  is  the  same  as  for  L.  albida. 


precede  the  bulbs, 

The  last  species  of  Lslia  which  I  shall  describe  is 
a  native  of  the  mountains  of  the  West  Indies  ;  it 
difiers  from  all  the  above  in  having  no  pseudobulbs, 
and  known  as 

Lultj  mano/iAy/la.— This  species  occurs  on  trees 
at  an  elevation  of  from  3000  to  5000  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  grows  very  much  after  the  manner  of  a 
Carex  ot  Sedge,  its  rhizome  is  horizontal,  and  its 
leaves  are  from  5  to  6  inches  high.  The  flowers  are 
small,  and  resemble  those  of  L.  cinnabarina  in 
colour,  but  are  campanulate  in  form  ;  it  is  interesting 
rather  from  a  botanical  than  a  horticultural  point  of 

view.   />.  y.  /-. 

(,Ti>  be  ccntinutd.) 


MESEMBRYANTHEMUM 
EDULE. 
At  page  14S,  in  your  number  fot  August  I,  you 
L.  aiilummilis. —Aho  a  mountain  plant,  but  one  of  refer  to  this  plant  as  being  hardy  at  Torquay,  and  de- 
much  larger  size  than  either  of  the  last.  Its  ovoid  scribe  it  as  producing  yellow  flowers.  Both  Loudon 
pseudobulbs,  attaining  a  length  of  3  or  4  inches,  beat  and  Johnson  describe  U  as  producing  pink  flower? 
two  or  three  broad    bright  green  coriaceous  leaves. 


The  flowering  stems  are  from  I  loot  to  iS  inches  long, 
and  support  from  six  to  nine  large  showy  sweet- 
scented  flowers,  but  unfortunately  they  only  last  two 
ot  three  days.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  rose- 
coloured,  shaded  with  deep  purple,  the  labellum  varies 
from  white  to  lose  colour  or  lilac,  and  in  some  varieties 
there  are  two  deep  purple  blotches  on  its  base.  The 
throat  is  marked  with  spots  or  lines  of  yellow.  This 
species  flowers  in  winter  and  requires  the  temperature 
of  the  Mexican-house,  ot  a  warm  greenhouse  fot  its 
cultivation. 


Which  is  correct  ?  The  plant  you  refer  10  is 
growing  in  large  quantities  along  the  sea  coast  in 
light  sandy  soil,  and  on  rocky  walls  here.  The  name 
it  is  known  by  is  M.  acinacifolium,  on  account  ol  its 
bayonet-leaved  foliage ;  but  I  presume  that  is  in- 
correct also,  as  it  best  answers  to  the  description  given 
to  M.  crassicaule.  Both  the  authorities  above  quoted 
are  agreed  that  the  latter  variety  produces  yellow 
flowers.  Its  growth  is  vigorous  and  rampant,  pro- 
ducing ramilled  shoots  from  4  to  8  feet  long  in  a 
season,  thickly  set  with  large  succulent  leaves,  but  it 
does  not  produce  many  flowers.     Here  and  there  one 


appearance,  diltering  only  i 
—namely,  purple  and  yellow  ;  they  are  both  called 
'  Hottentots'  Fig.'  I  considered  one  of  them  to  be 
M.  edule,  but  was  puzzled  by  the  different  colour  of  the 
flowers.  I  think  it  most  likely  Dr.  I'appe  considered 
them  both  to  be  M.  edule.  The  fruit  of  both  plants  is 
alike,  and  I  know  of  no  other  Mesembryanthemum 
with  such  large  fruit.  The  growth  of  the  two  is 
alike,  spreading  from  a  centre  many  feet  in  every 
direction,  the  new  growth  covering  the  old,  and 
smothering  it,  forming  a  thick  bed  ol  dead  stems." 

Now  all  this,  to  say  the  least  ol  it,  is  unsatisfactory 
and  indefinite,  and  I  cannot  but  think  that  two 
species  have  been  confused  by  the  later  authors. 
Concerning  the  typical  M.  edule  there  can  be  no 
doubt,  as  LinnKUs,  the  author  of  this  species,  states 
that  it  is  yellow  ;  but  whether  there  is  really  a  purple 
flowered  variety  of  it,  or  whether  M.  acinacifoime, 
which  has  purple  flowers,  and  much  resembles  M. 
edule,  has  been  confused  with  it  by  those  who  say  the 
flowers  of  the  latter  are  sometimes  purple,  I  cannot 
positively  say,  but  incline  to  believe  in  the  con- 
fusion of  these  two  spectes.  M.  acinacifoime  and  M. 
edule  are  both  called  "  Hottentots'  Figs,"  the  fruit  of 
both  species  being  eatable,  and  they  grow  in  the  same 
districts.  The  distinction  between  them  is  as  follows  : 
— M.  edule  has  yellow  flowers,  and  triangular  leaves 
with  nearly  equal  sides  ;  M.  acinaciforme  has  purple 
flowers  and  triangular  leaves  with  the  two  outer  sides 
broader  than  the  upper  or  inner  side,  especially 
towards  the  apex,  where  the  keel  becomes  somewhat 
dilated.  Another  species,  M.  equilateralc,  is  very 
like  M.  edule  in  its  leaves  and  habit,  but  has  purple 
flowers  ;  it  is  not  a  native  of  the  Cape,  although,  as 
it  has  long  been  in  cultivation,  it  may  have  been  mis- 
taken in  gardensfor  M.  edule,  and  have  given  lisc  to  the 


The  three  species  described   above   are   all   easily      large  sulphur-yellow  flower  is  produced,  2  to  2J  inches       statement  by  Loudon  and  Johnson    that   the   flowers 


damaged  by  excess  of  moisture,  and  are  sure  to  lose 
their  young  shoots  in  a  damp  close  atmosphere.  The 
compost  in  which  they  are  grown  should  be  of  the 
most  porous  description,  little  billets  ol  charcoal  and 
peat  fibre,  and  should  never  be  kept  wet,  only  damp, 
even  in  summer,  and  in  wintei  they  need  less  moisture. 
Indeed  the  compost  will  absorb  suflicient  from  the 
ait  to  keep  the  plants  healthy. 


in  diameter.  In  light,  bright,  sunny  places  it  grows 
as  freely  .as  Ivy  does  in  damp  places.  The  poorness  of 
the  soil,  and  the  strong  glare  of  the  sun  seem  congenial 
to  its  development.  As  a  window-box  plant,  where 
much  growth  is  desirable,  its  heavy  pendent  growth 
make  it  acceptable,  as  it  is  not  liable  to  be  much 
damaged  by  the  wind,  which  is  the  bane  of  many  of 
our  beautiful  creeping  and  trailing   plants.     I   ha 


L.  eruiauns,  also  called  L.   peduncularis,  may   be      thought  that  if  it  could  be  grown  as  a  fodder  plant, 

its  luxuriant  growth  would  make  it  a  profitable  crop 
to  grow.  As  far  as  my  experience  goes,  most  animals 
refuse  to  eat  it  ;  but  that  may  arise  from  not  being 
used  to  it.  Should  any  of  your  numerous  correspon- 
dents have  any  knowledge  of  its  merits  in  that  respect, 
I  should  be  glad  to  share  it.  As  a  vegetable  it  is  "a 
marvel  of  beauty,"  developing  size,  form,  and  colour 
in  unmistakable  proportions.  I  enclose  you  a  speci- 
men of  the  growth,  the  name  you  have  applied  to  it 
inducing  the  enquiry.   C.  B.  S.,  Jersey. 

[The  above  note  was  forwarded  to  me  by  the  Editor, 
since  I  was  responsible  fot  the  name  M.  edule  as  ap- 
plied to  the  Torquay  plant.  "  C.  B.  S.,"  and  others, 
as  I  learn  from  the  Editor,  ate  in  doubt  as  to  this 
being  the  correct  name  of  the  plant  alluded  to  on  p. 
145  ol  the  present  volume,  but  I  can  assure  them 
that  there  can  be  no  question  that  the  Torquay  plant 
and  the  specimen  from  Jersey  sent  by  "  C.  B.  S."  both 
are  M.  edule  1  The  difficulty  is  in  reconciling  the 
statements  of  authors  as  to  the  colour  of  the  flowers. 
In  the  original  description  in  Dillenius'  Horliis  El-^ 
Ihamcnsis,  p.  2S3,  t.  212,  f.  272,  and  in  Linnaeus' 
Species  Plant.,  ed.  2,  p.  695,  the  flowers  are  described 
as  yellow  ;  but  Fappe,  in  his  Flora  Cafeiisis, 
ed.  2,  p-  16,  describes  the  flowers  as  "  yellow  or 
purple,"  giving  after  his  description  the  following 
account  :  —  "  Few  South  African  plants  are  so  much 
in  domestic  use  as  this  species  and  Mesembryan- 
themam    acinaciforme,     Lin.,    both    of    which 


taken  as  the  type  of  a  third  group  of  Mexican  Lwlias. 
It  has  compressed  ovoid  dark  green  pseudobulbs 
surmounted  by  a  single  dark  green  shining  leaf. 
The  flowers  are  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  from 
three  to  ten  in  number,  with  an  umbellate  in- 
florescence. They  are  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  with 
dark  purple  sh.iding  :  the  lip  is  of  a  sulphur 
colour.  These  beautiful  and  delicate  flowers 
only  last  one  or  two  days.  It  is,  however,  a 
gem,  although  an  evanescent  one.  This  plant  can 
be  grown  easily  either  in  the  Cattleya  or  Mexican- 
house,  but  it  is  much  damaged  by  excess  of  moisture 
in  the  former.  The  compost  in  which  it  grows  should 
be  merely  kept  from  getting  quite  dry,  as  even  a 
moist  compost  destroys  the  slender  rose-coloured 
toots  of  this  plant.  It  requites  a  well-marked  resting 
period  after  flowering  in  a  cool  dry  airy  situation. 
It  flowers  in  autumn. 

L.  acuminala.—K  larger  species,  closely  allied  to 
the  last,  but  needing  cool  treatment.  It  has  similar 
but  larger  bulbs,  and  much  thicker  and  broader 
leaves  than  L.  erubescens.  The  flowers  are  from 
six  to  eight  in  number,  of  a  delicate  lilac  colour,  with 
a  cornet-shaped  labellum,  yellow  in  the  throat,  with 
three  lobes.  The  central  lobe  plicated  or  crenulated 
at  its  margin.     It  flowers  in  winter. 

Z.  majalis  is  very  unlike  any  other  Loelia.  It 
has  small  ovoid  silvery  bulbs,  each  bearing  a  pair  of 
bright  green  leaves.  Its  flowers  are  solitary,  five  ot 
even  6  inches  in  diameter,  of  a  delicate  rose  colour, 
mottled  or  veined  with  a  deeper  rose.  The  labellum 
is  rose  coloured,  or  white  sometimes  with  a  deep 
purple  border  in  some  varieties,  marked  with  reddish- 
btown  or  chocolate  spots. 

Culture, 


are  pink. 

M.  crassicaule,  mentioned  by  "C.  B.  S  ,"  is  a 
very  dilTetent  plant,  much  smallet,  diffetent  in  habit, 
and  the  leaves  are  not  acutely  triangular  as  in  the 
species  above-mentioned,  but  very  obtusely  rounded 
on  the  edges,  and  very  obscurely  and  obtusely  keeled 
on  the  back,  with  a  channel  down  the  face. 

It  is  remarkable  that  such  a  fine  species  as  M. 
edule  has  not  been  figured  since  the  time  of  Seba  and 
Dillenius  ;  it  does  not  even  find  a  place  in  Piince 
Salm-Uyck's  splendid  monograph  of  the  genus.  A 
good  coloured  figure  would  be  serviceable.  N.  E. 
BroMn.\ 


com 
are   ast 

the  acidulated 
to  be  impregnated.  The  expressed  juice  of  the  suc- 
culent leaves,  taken  internally,  checks  dysentery,  and 
acts  as  a  mild  diuretic  ;  while  it  is  also  for  its  antiseptic 
property  used   as   an   excellent   gargle  in  malignant 


NELUMBIUM    LUTEUM. 

Some  half-a-dozen  species  of  Nelumbium  ate 
tecorded  in  gardening  books  as  having  been  intro- 
duced to  this  country,  but  the  Genera  Flaiilarim— 
doubtless  with  much  propriety— reduces  the  number 
to  N.  speciosum  and  the  species  under  notice. 
Owing  to  the  wide  distribution  of  the  former,  both  in 
the  Old  and  New  Worlds  and  Australia,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  we  should  find  considerable  variation, 
amounting  to  the  extent  of  what  would  be  called 
geographicai;varieties.  On  the  other  hand,  N.  lulcum 
is  confined  to  America,  and  was  originally  introduced 
from  Carolina  in  iSlo. 

A  small  specimen  obtained  fot  Kew  a  yeat  01  two 
ago  has  been  growing  slowly  but  progressively,  and 
having  made  excellent  growth  this  season,  is  now 
flowering  in  the  Water-Lily  house,  probably  for  the 
first  time  at  Kew.  Four  or  five  flowers,  a  number 
that  may  yet  be  augmented,  appear  in  various  stages 
of  development  ;  and,  recollecting  that  the  plant  is 
small,  and  the  long  rhizomes  confined  within  the 
limited  compass  of  a  pot,  plunged  in  the  tank,  its 
be  considered  a  success.      On  some 


-       ,            .     .       .       f  .!,«  „„i.,„„       Th^u  flowerine  may  be  considered  a  success.      yja  some 

n  in  the  sandv  tracts  of  the  colony.       Iney  nowcmifi  ,,.7                             .    ,       .         ^i           j  :, 

Hngent   and    sou  ish  in  taste,  on    account  of  parts  of  the  Continent  where  it  has  been  flowered    t 

idufated  alkaline    salt  with  which    they  seem  is  believed  that  '-<!-"'   '^-f  --•'".  'f'r 


turbance  at  the  root— is  detrimental  to  its  well-being, 
ot  hinders  it  from  flowering  altogether.  Whether  or 
not  this  is  in  accordance  with  fact,  this  much  is 
certain,  that   N.   speciosum   in  the  same  house  was 


P'°P"^  "        ,      *°  ,.""'"=■"   ^r^Z,r  ™     ,-n,h,      entirely  temoved  last  spting,  and  a  new  plantation 
The  secret  of  success  with  this  mountain  gem  is  cool      sote  throat,  violent  salivation,  and  aphths,  or,  in  the      entirety  temovco  sp     g, 


August  29,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


267 


made  in  fresh  soil.  The  flower-stems  and  leaves  tire 
unusually  strong.  Some  of  the  flowers  measured  a 
foot  in  diameter,  and  the  leaves  twice  that,  or  more. 
These  are  facts  that  speak  for  themselves,  and,  hear- 
ing in  mind  the  difficullies  tliat  the  early  cultivators  of 
this  plant  encountered,  it  is  highly  probable,  when 
thoroughly  understood,  that  N.  luteum  will  be  as 
tractable  and  amenable  to  cultivation  as  the  former. 

The  flowers  are  of  medium  size,  with  pale  green 
sepals  and  pale  lemon  or  soft  yellow  petals.  Although 
wanting  in  the  gorgeous  appearance  of  N.  speciosum, 
it  is  a  handsome  flower,  and  by  its  quaint 
unassuming  colour  contrasts  beautifully  with  its 
bold  and  showy  congener.  The  leaves  are  peltate, 
and  of  a  soft  glaucous  green.  The  primary  and 
weaker  ones  float  on  the  water,  while  the  stronger 
ones  are  borne  well  above  it,  overtopped,  how- 
ever, by  the  flower-stems.  The  obconical  receptacle 
projects  prominently  above  the  numerous  yellow 
stamens.  F. 


HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

Epilohium  Fleischer:. — Botanists  have  long 
been  puzzled  how  to  determine  the  hmits  and  cliarac- 
ters  of  the  British  species  of  Epilobium,  to  one  of 
which  this  plant  is  said  to  belong,  as  I  saw  it  in  the 
gardens  at  Kew  labelled  Epilobium  rosmarinifolium 
var.  Fleischeri.  The  two  plants  may  present  no 
distinct  characteristics  to  botanists,  but  to  gardeners 
they  are  very  dilTerent.  E.  Fleischeri  is  dwarf  and 
bushy,  seldom  exceeding  9  inches  in  height,  whilst 
E.  rosmarinifolium,  grown  under  the  same  conditions, 
frequently  exceeds  3  feet.  The  section  of  Epilobium 
to  which  this  plant,  as  well  as  the  more  common  E. 
angustifolium,  belong,  has  long  been  separated  by 
some  botanists  under  the  name  ChamKnerium — a 
genus  retained  in  Nyman's  CompcctuSy  but  disallowed 
in  the  Centra  Planlanim  of  Hooker.  The  plant  of 
which  I  am  writing  came  to  me  several  years  ago 
from  Messrs.  Froebel,  of  Zurich.  Finding  that  it 
was  a  good  rock  plant,  and  that  it  ripened  seed 
freely,  I  distributed  the  seed  to  my  friends,  and  amongst 
others  to  Mr. W.Thompson,  of  Ipswich.  Afleraycaror 
two,  Mr.  Thompson  wrote  to  me  saying  that  he  found 
the  plants  raised  from  it  identical  with  E.  Dodon.xi, 
a  plant  in  size  and  form  intermediate  between  E. 
Fleijcheri  and  E.  rosmarinifolium.  I  found  the  same 
result  in  my  garden  ;  in  fact,  these  three  varieties 
came  up  here  simultaneously  from  the  same  seed— the 
plants  forming  an  unbroken  series  from  the  smallest 
to  the  largest.  Knowing  how  readily  the  species  of 
many  genera  cross  when  grown  together  in  gardens,  I 
should  not  be  justified  in  concluding  from  this  that 
these  species  are  identical.  I  find,  however,  in 
Nyman's  Con^^edus  all  the  three  names  given  as 
synonyms  or  varieties  of  one  species,  which  he  calls 
Chaa.a;nerium  lacustre.  In  Britain  the  species  is  said 
to  be  native  in  Glen  Tilt,  but  very  rare.  The  dwarf 
form  I  have  mentioned  is  pretty  and  neat,  but  must 
be  grown  from  divisions  of  the  plant,  which  are  easily 
made. 

MAl.VASTRtJM    MUNROANU.M. 

This  is  the  name  given  in  the  herbaceous  garden  at 
Kew  to  a  plant  sent  to  me  from  Devonshire  by  a 
friend  as  Malva  Munroana  last  autumn,  and  which  I 
find  to  be  the  best  hardy  plant  of  which  I  have  made 
the  acquaintance  this  year.  The  plant  is  by  no  means 
new  in  cultivation,  and  appears  to  have  been  intro- 
duced by  Douglas  in  1S26  ;  but  it  is  not  as  well  known 
as  it  deserves  to  be.  It  makes  drooping  or  prostrate 
branches  a  yard  or  more  long,  followed  at  the  end  of 
summer  by  upright  shoots  from  the  same  centre.  The 
leaves  are  much  incised  and  lobed,  like  those  of  the 
Oak-leaved  Pelargonium,  but  in  the  late  shoots  theyare 
rounder  and  less  cut.  The  llowers,  which  are  produced 
on  short  panicled  stalks  from  the  axils  of  the  alternate 
leaves,  are  about  as  large  as  those  of  the  Crab,  which 
they  resemble  in  shape,  of  a  clear  bright  red  colour. 
They  drop  as  soon  as  they  wither,  making  no  attempt 
at  forming  seed— a  habit  which  greatly  improves  the 
appearance  of  the  plant,  which  continues  quite 
covered  with  flowers  from  June  to  the  end  of  autumn. 
My  plant  is  now  one  of  the  most  attractive  sights  in 
the  garden,  and  shows  no  sign  of  deterioration. 
Like  all  plants  from  Western  America,  north  of 
California,  it  is  probably  very  hardy.  I  am  informed 
that  the  short  and  late  shoots  strike  readily.  It 
should  be  planted  on  the  edge  of  a  raised  bed  or 
bank,  where  its  long  shoots  can  fall  over  at  least 
4  feet  without  reaching  the  ground  ;  and  poor  strong 
soil  seems  to  suit  it  best.     It  has  been  figured  and 


described  under  the  old  generic  name  Malva  in  Bot. 
Mas.,    t.  3537,  and  not.  Keg.  of  1834,  t.  1300.    - 

Malva  lateritia. 
Now  that  taste  in  colour  is  so  much  cultivated,  I 
find  many  of  my  visitors  very  fastidious  about  flowers, 
and  few  of  them  will  admire  anything  to  which  the 
words  "  mauve  "or  "  magenta  "  can  by  any  stretch  of 
meaning  be  applied.  About  the  colour  of  this  flower, 
however,  I  have  never  heard  any  opinion  but  of  un- 
qualified approval.  It  is  a  clear  and  soft  light  red, 
with  a  darker  spot  at  the  b.ase  of  each  petal.  The 
flowers  are  about  the  size  of  those  of  a  large  garden 
Strawberry,  but  more  cupped,  and  are  produced  from 
the  middle),of  July  until  the  frost  stops  them.  In 
these  consists  the  whcjle  merit  of  the  plant,  which 
cannot  be  called  of  neat  or  ornamental  habit.  The 
leaves  in  sha[>e  resemble  those  of  the  common  Mallow. 
The  stalks  are  long  and  straggling,  generally  pros- 
trate, and  2  or  3  feet  long  when  flowering,  but 
I  have  seen  it  cultivated  in  pots,  or  in  dry 
soils,  flowering  with  upright  stalks.  This,  however, 
cannot  be  called  its  ordinary  habit.  Being  a  native 
of  the  Cape  of  <;oud  Hope,  it  may  be  expected  to  be 
tender  in  cold  gardens,  though  it  has  survived  two 
mild  winters  here.  It  is  increased  very  easily  either 
by  cuttings  or  by  laying  the  long  shoots,  which  then 
root  at  every  Joint.  A  pot  of  cuttings  should  be  kept 
through  winter  in  a  frame  by  those  who  wish  not  to 
lose  it.  It  likes  good  soil,  and  a  warm  situation 
under  a  south  wall. 

SlLI'lIU'M    LACINIATUM. 

Better  known  by  name  as  the  Compass  plant  than 
by  its  appearance  In  gardens.  It  is  said  in  America 
that  on  the  prairies  where  it  grows  wild  the  points  of 
the  compass  may  be  recognised  by  the  disposition  of 
its  leaves,  and  Asa  (iray  favours  the  notion.  It 
probably  loses  its  indicating  habit  in  gardens,  as  I 
have  frequently  tried  in  vain  to  recognise  any  con- 
sistent  direction  in  the  leaves.  It  is  a  handsome  and 
distinct  plant,  and,  though  coarse,  is  not  more  so  than 
many  with  less  showy  flowers  more  frequently 
cultivated.  It  grows  6  feet  high  or  more,  with 
leaves  often  2  feet  long,  elegantly  cut  up  into 
narrow  l.iciniate  pinna;.  The  flower-stalk  is  leafy  to 
the  top,  and  the  flowers  come  five  or  six  in  a  loose 
panicle.  They  are  5  inches  across  with  a  dark  centre 
and  numerous  clear,  pale  yellow  rays.  I  raised  it 
from  seed  which  my  son  brought  from  Minnesota, 
where  it  is  called  the  Gum  plant,  on  account  of  the 
secretion  of  gum,  especially  on  the  outside  of  the 
bracts  of  the  involucrum.  I  have  been  told  that  it 
often  dies  after  flowering  unless  the  root  is  taken  up 
and  cut  into  pieces  like  a  Potato  and  replanted. 

ClIRYSOGONUM    ViRGINIANUM. 

The  generic  name  occurs  in  Dioscofides,  and  was 
applied  by  Linnsus  to  a  small  genus  of  plants  of 
which  the  only  hardy  member  is  North  American,  as 
its  specific  name  implies.  The  genus  in  Hooker's 
Genera  Plantaium  comes  next  to  Silphium,  but  to 
ordinary  observers  two  plants  could  hardly  be  more 
distinct  in  habit  and  appearance  than  this  and  the 
last  described.  This  grows  hardly  a  foot  hitjh,  its 
leaves  are  serrated,  cordate  ovate,  and  much  resemble 
those  of  Campanula  trachelium.  The  flowers  would 
hardly  be  recognised  as  a  Composite  without  close 
examination.  The  centre  is  small,  and  the  rays, 
which  seem  to  be  always  five  in  number,  are  evenly 
arranged  and  of  bright  golden-yellow.  It  begins  to 
flower  early  in  June,  and  continues  through  summer 
and  autumn,  never  becoming  untidy,  and  making  a 
good  border  plant,  very  distinct  in  appearance. 
Easily  increased  by  division  of  the  root. 

Campanula  Zoysii. 
The  limits  of  distribution  of  this  species,  as  given  by 
Nyman,  are  Styria,  Carinthia,  and  Carniolia.  It  is  well 
worthy  of  cultivation,  for  the  very  distinct  and  peculiar 
form  of  the  flower,  which  is  a  sort  of  pentagonal 
cylinder  tapering  towards  the  end,  near  which  it 
swells  out  and  again  contracts  at  the  mouth  so  as  to 
leave  hardly  any  visible  aperture.  The  plant  is 
difficult  to  obtain,  being  very  diminutive,  spreading 
slowly,  and  apparently  making  no  seed  in  cultivation. 
I  obtained  it  two  years  ago  from  Froebel,  of  Zurich, 
at  a  rather  high  price.  It  is  now  well  established  in 
soil  well  mixed  with  finely  broken  stone  in  an  exposed 
part  of  a  rockery.  The  flower-stalks,  which  are 
branched,  are  not  more  than  2  inches  high,  and  the 
flowers,  which  are  produced  abundantly,  about  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  long.  C.  Wolley  Dud,  Edj^e  Hall, 
Malpas,  August  22. 


FRUIT    GROWING     AT    OSTER- 

li:y  park. 

As  the  owner  of  Oslerlcy  Park,  the  lOarl  of  Jersey, 
resides  here  only  a  few  weeks  in  the  jear,  the  gardens 
have  been  let  for  some  years  past  to  Mr.  E.  Poole. 
The  present  extent  of  the  occupation,  including  the 
original  gardens,  and  the  additions  made  by  the 
present  tenant  and  his  predecessor,  consists  of  50  acres-, 
covered  with  orchard  trees,  with  a  lesser  growth 
below,  the  whole  being  under  spade  cultivation. 

The  original  garden  attached  to  Osterley  Park  was 
formed  by  Mr.  Child,  the  banker,  and  a  great  im-  . 
provcr  here,  at  a  cost,  according  to  Horace  Walpole, 
o'  Ly.'MO.  The  soil  is  a  strong  loam,  resting  on 
brick  earth  8  or  10  feet  deep,  with  the  gravel  of  the 
Thames  valley  below.  Mr.  Child  drained  the  garden, 
but  thorough  drainage  by  means  of  pipes  could  not 
possibly  be  long  tfl'eclive  on  ground  thickly  planted 
with  deep-rooting  trees.  Probal.ly  the  gravel  subsoil 
secures  sufficient  drainage,  while  the  evaporation  from 
the  dense  mass  of  foliage  must  tend  todry  the  surface  by 
dissipating  the  winter's  downfall  of  waler.  The  soil  is 
well  suited  tofruit  trees  of  all  sorts,  though  it  is  a  litile  too 
cold  lor  the  ripening  of  the  best  sorts  of  Pears  except  on 
walls.  Farmers  who  read  this  please  observe  that 
this  capital  strong  soil  is  no^  warm  enough  for  sc^mc 
fruits,  or  at  least  for  some  sorts  ;  it  is  not  so  warm  aj 
those  parts  of  the  Thames  valley  where  the  porous 
gravel  subsoil  is  more  readily  permeated  by  the 
atmosphere,  and  where,  as  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Chiswick,  the  water  of  the  river  percolates  during 
high  tide  to  the  roots  of  the  Pear  trees,  feeding  them 
without  remaining  long  enough  to  stagnate.  In  thoie 
warmer  parts  of  the  valley  the  superior  sorts  of  Peats 
are  grown  as  standards. 

The  walls  of  his  kitchen  garden  were  constructed 
by  Mr.  Child  in  a  manner  that  secures  their  dryness, 
that  is,  they  are  built  double  with  a  9  inch  space  be- 
tween the  brickwork.  Mr.  Poole  has  been  the  occu- 
pier here  seventeen  years,  and  during  that  time  he  has 
reworked  many  of  the  Pear  trees  of  his  predecessor, 
who  planted  the  sorts  in  fashion  at  that  lime,  which 
have  now  been  replaced  by  the  best  modern  sorts. 
Those  which  are  at  present  most  in  request  as  good 
crf)p[nng  Pears  for  walls,  are  Williams,  Jargonelle, 
Pitmaston,  and  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey.  It  was 
pleasing  to  see,  too,  a  well-loaded  specimen  of  that 
delicious  Pear,  Gansell's  Bergamotte.  This  is  one  of 
the  earlier-planted  wall  trees,  and  does  well  occa- 
sionally. 

A  common  standard  here  was  Beurre'  de  Capiau- 
mont,  which  bears  well,  but  is  not  of  superior  quality, 
and  has  therefore  been  replaced  to  a  great  extent  by 
grafting  on  it  lieurie  Clairgau.  In  walking  through 
the  gardens,  and  strolling  in  and  out  of  various  com- 
partments which  we  visited,  so  as  to  see  everything, 
we  came  upon  another  wall  Pear — GIou  Morccau — 
which  is  an  excellent  sort,  but  not  adapted  to  the  soil 
here,  being  sometimes  spotted  black,  as  it  is  this  year, 
though  occasionally  the  fruit  proves  sound  and  good. 
The  Ne  Plus  Meuris  has  also  fiiled  to  hold  its  own, 
having  been  reworked  with  William,  though  the  Ne 
Plus  Meuris  from  this  garden  has  sometimes  been  pro- 
duced at  the  great  City  dinners.  One  Pear,  largely 
planted  forty  years  ago,  is  still  numerous  and  con- 
spicuous iri  the  garden  from  its  tall  pyramidal  form. 
This  is  the  Ilessle  Pear,  a  common  sort,  but  such  a 
heavy  cropper  and  so  hardy  that  it  is  still  ret.iincd  .as 
a  profitable  sort. 

The  old  rule  of  planting  the  larger  orchard  trees 
a  half  rod  apart  has  not  been  rigidly  observed.  Mr. 
Poole  is  a  large  grower  of  Plums,  sending  the  various 
sorts  to  market  from  July  to  October,  and  Plums  will 
bear  a  deal  of  shade.  The  crop  this  season  is  sur- 
prising, the  trees  being  loaded,  and  some  of  the 
branches  so  heavy  with  fruit  that  ihcy  hang  down  as 
if  ready  to  break,  and  even  in  this  sheltered  garden, 
amid  high  walls  and  taller  park  timber  in  the  level 
Thames  valley,  I  noticed  that  some  of  the  branches 
had  been  torn  off  by  the  recent  high  winds.  This  is 
considered  a  "holding  soil"  for  Plums,  which  in 
unfavourable  situations  are  apt  to  drop  off  when 
young.  The  first  and  earliest  sort  is  Rivers'  Prolillc. 
Victoria  .and  Prince  of  Wales  supply  the  main  crop, 
and  other  good  sorts  are  grown. 

Mr.  Poole  has  himself  planted  many  additional 
acres  of  fruit  trees  to  the  extent  of  ten  thousand  of 
the  modern  sorts,  besides  grafting,  expending  under 
lease  from  the  Earl  of  Jersey— a  helpful  landlord,  who 
enables  his  tenaols  to  improve— a  large  amount  of 


268 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


cipital. 


thai  : 


He  invaiiaWy  trenches  the  land.  It  is  also 
red  heavily.  Farmers  have  no  idea,  perhaps. 
It  least  20  tons  of  dung  per  acre,  all  round,  are 
required  fur  a  fruit  garden  of  this  sort,  and  that  is  the 
average  dressing  here,  every  acre  being  cropped  and 
completely  covered  with  fruit-trees  and  bushes,  large 
and  small.  It  would  seem  impossible  to  dig  it,  yet  it 
is  dug,  or  forked  rather,  once  a  year,  every  inch  of  it, 
and  kept  perfectly  clean.     I  scarcely  saw  a  weed. 

There  are  few  gardens  so  compact  as  this,  the  trees 
standinn  regularly  in  the  rows,  and  the  various  sorts 
admirably  disposed  in  their  several  divisions. 

The  walls  are  planted  on  both  sides,  being  guarded 
by  lesser  walls,  and  the  slips  between  are  planted  with 
fruit-trees.  There  are  many  acres  of  tlower-beds,  too, 
under  the  walls  or  between  the  fruit-trees,  the  Lilyof  the 
Valley  being  the  chief  favourite  in  shaded  situations, 
and  the  Rose  and  Gladiolus  in  more  sunny  places. 
The  first-named  plant  is  grown  by  acres  in  strips,  and 
the  Narcissus,  though  buried  now,  will  spring  up  by 
acres  in  the  season.  About  thirty  men  and  boys  are 
employed  in  the  garden  throughout  the  year,  and 
when  the  crops  are, heavy  many  extra  hands  are 
needed. 

One  of  Mr.  Child's  old  vineries  must  be  mentioned. 
Mr.  Poole  does  not  find  glass  profitable,  but  this  par- 
ticular house  is  retained  for  its  great  Vine— a  Black 
Hamburgh,  which  extends  the  length  of  the  house,  or 
28  y.irds,  and  carries  now  a  crop  of  500  bunches, 
weighing  over  I  lb.  each.  The  house  is  otherwise 
filled  with  numerous  pots  of  Maidenhair  Fern.  Mr. 
Ponle  does  his  own  marketing,  goes  to  London  three 
times  a  week,  sleeps  there,  and  is  at  his  stand  in 
Covent  Garden  Market  at  4  o'clock  AM.  sharp.  This 
he  considers  a  iine  quA  non.  He  sends  in  his  pro- 
duce by  his  own  vans,  and  brings  back  manure. 
//.  E. 


of  the  mould.  In  Oranges,  as  every  one  knows,  the 
fungus  grows  upon  bruised  places,  and  penetrates 
and  softens  the  rind  of  the  fruit  in  patches  ;  the 
mycelium  then  lives  in  the  pulp  beneath.  The 
mycelium  when  in  the  pulp  lives  on  the  juice,  and 
gives  rise  to  a  peculiar  and  somewhat  bitter  taste  in 
the  fruit,  not  altogether  disagreeable  when  the  Orange 
is  not  affected  to  too  great  a  degree. 

The  name  of  the  fungus  is  derived  from  the  Latin 
word  "penicillium,"  which  means  a  painter's  brush, 
in  reference  to  the  general  form  of  the  fungus  growth  ; 
this  form  is  illustrated,   enlarged  400  diameters,  at  A 


id   c,   fig.    56,    when  the  general 


nblance  to  a 


DISEASE  AND  DECAY  IN 
FRUIT.— II.* 
Penicillium  crust.\ceum,  Fr. 
There  is,  perhaps,  no  microscopic  fungus  in  the 
world  more  abundant  and  generally  dillused  than  the 
"blue  mould  "  fungus  named  Penicillium  crustaceum, 
Fries.  It  grows  abundantly  at  all  times  and  seasons, 
and  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  It  may  be  found  in  almost 
every  conceivable  place,  and  upon  the  most  varied 
substances.  "Blue  mould  "  is  familiar  to  the  most 
unobservant  person  on  preserves,  fruit,  bulbs,  paste, 
bread,  &c.  Although  the  fungus  is  powerless  to  start 
disease  on  sound  substances,  yet  few  fungi  have  greater 
power  for  accelerating  disease  upon  slightly  injured 
objects. 

Hitherto  this  fungus  has  received  but  scant  atten- 
tion in  this  country.  It  has  only  been  described  in 
the  briefest  possible  manner ;  and  as  for  illustrations, 
I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  presentable  or  com- 
plete drawings  of  this  fungus  in  any  English  book. 
Under  these  circumstances  it  seems  desirable  that 
a  description  should  be  given  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  with  figures  engraved  from  Nature  to 
scale.  The  subject  is  not  one  of  the  easiest  to  follow, 
as  the  life-history  of  the  fungus  is  somewhat  intricate. 
I  recommend  its  study  to  the  readers  of  this  journal, 
together  with  two  other  papers  which  will  follow,  on 
Aspergillus  and  Mucor  (also  fruit-infesting  fungi)  as  a 
good,  very  useful,  and  not  too  difficult  mental  exer- 
cise. 

Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.,  or,  as  it  is  frequently 
printed,  P.  glaucum,  Greville,  is  the  most  common  of 
the  fungi  which  cause  the  verdigris  blue  mould  so 
frequently  seen  on  provisions,  preserves,  fruit,  paste, 
&c.  It  also  attacks  liquids,  as  beer,  ink,  gum-water, 
syrup,  &c.,  and  it  often  grows  on  the  surface  of  water 
in  which  plants  or  other  organisms  have  decayed.  It 
at  times  grows  on  various  diluted  acids  and  chemical 
solutions.  It  is  common  on  and  in  oil,  and  in  alum 
water.  When  the  fungus  grows  in  fluid  the  spawn  or 
mycelium  often  forms  a  gelatinous  substratum  or  crust, 
hence  its  specific  name— crustaceum,  and  the  dusty 
greenish  or  bluish  spores  are  borne  on  vertical  threads 
on  the  surface.  The  peculiar  and  disagreeable  odour 
belonging  to  mouldy  provisions  is  in  pait  owing  to  the 
presence  of  vast  numbers  of  the  spores  of  Fenicellium 
crustaceum,  Fr, 

A  profuse  growth  of  this  familiar  blue  mould  is  very 
common  on  stale  and  decaying  Oranges  in  the  spring 
months.  The  brilliant  orange  tint  of  the  rind  of  the 
fruit  is  seen  in  strong  contrast  with  the  verdigris  blue 

See  p.  SI. 


56.— PENICILLIUM   CRUSTACBUM 

:   enlarged    400   and   d,    b,    ioo- 


miniature  whitewash  brush,  or  a  flat  painting  brush, 
is  clear. 

A  remarkable  character  in  P.  crustaceum,  Fr.,  is 
the  unusual  and  extreme  smallness  of  its  size,  and  the 
smallness  of  its  spores  or  conidia.  The  smallness  of 
its  parts  is  in  contrast  with  its  generally  profuse 
growth,  for  the  spore  production  of  even  a  very 
moderate  growth  of  this  fungus  is  so  large  as  to  be 
almost  inconceivable. 

The  general  habit  of  the  fungus,  as  it  grows  in 
brush-like  form,  is  shown,  enlarged  to  400  diameters, 
at  A,  n,  c,  tig.  56.  The  supporting  stems,  which 
are  jointed  throughout,  arise  from  a  bed  of  mycelium, 
as  at  B,  all  the  threads  of  which  are  also  jointed 
or   septate.      Each    stem    branches    and    rebranches 


FiC.    57.— PBNICULIUM   CRUST. 

Reproductive  organs  enlarged  400  dii 
sderolia  enlarged  10  di 


towards  ts  upper  part,  and  on  the  ultimate 
branchlets  are  borne  upright  or  slightly  curved 
chains  of  extremely  minute  spherical  verdigris-green 
spores,  or  conidia,  as  shown  at  c.  When  one  of 
the  last  formed  branchlets,  with  its  chain  of  spores, 
is  magnified  1000  diameters,  it  is  seen  as  shown  at 
D.  It  will  now  be  observed  that  every  conidium  is 
attached  to  the  adjoining  conidium,  or  conidia,  by  an 
excessively  small  and  almost  invisible  neck,  as  illus- 
trated. The  conidia  germinate  very  readily  in  water, 
thin  syrup,  or  moist  air,  as  shown  at  E.  In  moist  air 
the  germinal  thread  constantly  turns  over  on  itself  in 
a  wavy  or  screw-like  fashion,  and  at  length  gives  out 
branches  to  the  right  and  left,  which  are  also  at  first 
undulated  or  twisted.  These  lateral  branches  soon  pro- 
duce innumerable  small  vertical  stems,  .and  upon  these 
stems  vast  numbers  of  conidia  are  borne  in  a  chain- 
like minner  on  branched  stems  as  shown  in  fig.  56  c. 


The  spiral  or  screw-like  manner  of  growth  is  fre- 
quently seen  in  the  germinal  threads  of  many  fungi, 
as  well  as  in  the  stems  of  flowering  plants,  as  the  Con- 
volvulus, and  a  spiral  contortion  may  also  be  seen  in 
the  trunks  of  forest  trees,  as  in  Oaks,  Beeches,  S:c, 
In  fungi  it  is  probably  caused  by  a  more  rapid  growth 
on  one  side  of  the  germinal  thread  than  on  the  other  ; 
this  habit  causes  the  growing  point  to  turn  slightly  on 
itself;  in  flowering  plants  the  cause  is  probably 
similar— a  certain  part  of  the  plant  structure  grows 
with  greater  rapidity  than  the  part  to  which  it  is 
opposed.  Penicillium  spores  germinate  most  readily 
in  22°  Cent.,  the  minimum  for  germination  being  1° 
to  2°  Cent.,  the  maximum  40°  to  43°  Cent. 

Within  the  substratum  upon  which  Penicillium  crus- 
taceum, Fr.,  grows,  and  when  the  fungus  is  kept  dry 
and  in  darkness,  other  organs  are  developed  from  the 
mycelium,  which  at  first  grow  in  the  form  of  minute 
knots,  as  illustrated  at  A,    E.   c,  in  fig.  57,  enlarged 
400   diameters.      These    knotty    little    growths   are 
believed  to  be  reproductive,  and  each  larger  screw-like 
growth,  as  at  A,  B,  c,  is  considered  female,  and  termed 
an  ascogonium  or    carpogonium.     The    two    words 
mean  bearers  of  asci  (small  bladders  containing  spores) 
and  fruit  bearers.    The  more  attenuated  growth,  as  at 
D,  E,  F,  is  considered  male,  and  is  termed  an  antheri- 
dium  or  pollinodium  ;  these  words  have  obvious  re- 
ference  to    their    male    nature    and    to    the    anther 
and  pollen    in    flowering   plants,   with   which   they 
may  be   compared.     The   ascogonium    is  said  to  be 
fertilised  by  the  contact  of  the  antheridium,  the  result 
being  that  the  former  organ  at  length  gives  rise  to  a 
second  form  of  fruit  contained  in  small  sacs  or  asci. 
After  the  cells  ol  the  ascogonium  have  begun  to  ger- 
minate the  growth  of  the  threads  which  now  surround 
it  as  at  G,  fig.  57,  so  hinders  development  that  the 
ascogonium  with  its  investment  of  threads  rests  in  a 
condensed  or  sclerotioid  condition.      The  illustration 
at  G,  enlarged   400  diameters,   represents  an  infant 
sclerotium  in  which  is  embedded  a  fertilised  ascogo- 
nium, shown  by  darker  lines  in  the  middle,  capable 
under    favourable    conditions    of    producing    spores 
in  asci.     The  growth  of  the  investing  mycelium  goes 
on  till  the  sclerotia  attain   about  the  size  of  a  pin's 
point.     During    this  growth  several  or    many   asco- 
gonia  may  be  involved  in  the  growing  sclerotium,  and 
several  sclerotia  may  become  confluent.     A  series  of 
sclerotia  of   different  sizes   are  drawn,  enlarged  ten 
diameters,  at  H,  J,   K,    L,  and  M,   fig.    57.      Under 
favourable  conditions   the  threads  belonging  to  the 
ascogonia  form  asci  within  the  centre  of  the  sclero- 
tium, as  illustrated  in  fig.  5S,  enlarged  400  diameters. 
The  illustration  is  an  enlargement  of  one  half  of  the 
sclerotium  at  ;,  fig.  57,  and   this  half  is  divided   into 
four   equal   portions.   A,   B,   c,   and   D,  to  show   the 
gradual    development    of    the    asci    within.     At    A, 
towards    the   centre    of    the    sclerotium,     a   jointed 
ascogonium   is   shown,    germinating    and  producing 
threads.      At  B    ten   asci    are    shown  towards    the 
centre,  the  mycelium  which  has  borne  them  is  seen 
growing  towards  the  outside  of  the  sclerotium.     Each 
ascus    really    contains    eight    spores,     but    the   asci 
being  extremely  small  are  here  shown  empty  to  pre- 
vent  confusion    in    the  engraving.     At  c   still   more 
asci  have  been  formed,  and   the  mycelium  has  pro- 
gressed in  growth  towards  the  exterior  of  the  sclero- 
tium.    The  interior  substance  is  consumed  like  the 
albumen  of  a  growing  seed.     The  interior  substance 
of  the  sclerotium  is  obviously  the  nutrifier  of  the  con- 
tained spores  of  the  asci.    Many  asci  have  now  broken 
up  or  dissolved,  and   the  free  spores  are  seen  towards 
the  centre.     At  D  the  whole  interior  of  the  sclerotium 
has  been  consumed  by  the  growing  mycelium  and  the 
production  of  asci,  the  .asci  in  turn  have  perished,  and 
the    extremely    thin    layer   of  external    cells   of  the 
destroyed  sclerotium  encloses  a  vast  colony  of  ripe 
spores,  ascospores,  seeds,  or  sporidia. 

At  A,  fig.  59,  an  isolated  group  of  asci  with  my- 
celium belonging  to  a  germinated  ascogonium  is 
shown,  enlarged  400  diameters  ;  the  asci,  owing  to 
their  exceeding  smallness,  are  again  shown  empty, 
so  that  confusion  may  be  avoided,  but  a  group  of 
three  asci,  each  containing  its  normal  eight  sporidia 
are  shown  (enlarged  to  1000  diameters)  at  B.  The 
riper  sporidia  are  drawn  in  the  right  hand  ascus. 
Four  free  sporidia  in  different  degrees  of  ripeness  are 
shown  enlarged  1000  diameters  at  c,  and  a  ripe  ger- 
minating spore,  enlarged  to  the  same  scale,  is  seen  at  D. 
These  ascospores  on  germination  reproduce  a  Penicil- 
lium like  the  one  from  which  they  originally  arose,  as 
shown  enlarged  400  diameters  at  E,  and  so  the  some- 
what involved   life  cycle  is  completed.     If  for  any 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


269 


reason  the  sclerotium  does  not  produce  arci  and 
spoiidia,  it  germinates  and  produces  the  conidioid, 
or  simple,  common  foim  of  the  fungus. 

The  spores  of  Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.,  will 
not  efifcctually  grow  on  perfectly  sound  fruit,  the 
nature  of  the  fungus  is  to  live  on  the  escaped  juices  of 
the  fruit,  and  it  is  therefore  necessary  that  fruits 
should  become  slightly  injured  and  the  juices  escape 
before  the  Penicillium  can  establish  itself  upon  them. 
All  experiments  to  make  Penicillium  spores  grow 
upon  sound  fruit  fail.  If  fruit  pulp,  infested  with 
Penicillium  is  placed  upon  sound  fruit  the  contact  of 
the  infected  pulp  will  so  injure  and  soften  the  skin  of 
the  sound  fruit  that  the  juices  will  escape  and  the 
sound  fruit  will  be  speedily  invaded  by  the  fungus. 
The  case  is  exactly  similar  with  the  infectious  spawn- 
infested  gum  belonging  to  gummed  bulbs  (see  p.  149)  j 
the  gum  spreads  the  disease  by  contact. 

Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.,  is  generally  associated 
with  the  so-called  "  vinegar  plant  "  for  the  reason 
that  if  a  '*  vinegar  plant  "  is  taken  out  of  its  nutrient 
syrup  and  allowed  to  dry,  it  invariably  presents  a  crop 
of  this  mould  upon  the  surface  ;  it  is  therefore 
assumed  that  the  gelatinous  growth  called  the 
*'  vinegar  plant  "  is  no  other  than  a  dense  mass  of  my- 
celium belonging  to  Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr. 

A  few  years  ago  I  noticed  a  vinegar  plant  growing 
naturally  in  lime  juice,  and  the  example  at  the  lime  of 
observation  was  completely  [covered  [with  Penicillium 
crustaceum,  Fr.,  and  that  species  only.  The  Peni- 
cillium grew  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  vinegar  plant 
whilst  the  latter  was  still  moist  and  upon  the  lime- 
juice.  On  counting  the  mycelial  filaments  I  found 
that  I  cubic  inch  contained  no  less  than  150,000,000 
of  them  ;  vinegar  plants  will  attain  a  thickness  of 
several  inches. 

A  remarkable  form  of  Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr., 
which  grows  upon  decaying  fruits  has  been  described 
under  the  name  of  Coremium  leucopus,  Pers.,  Byssus 
scoparia,  and  Floccaria  glauca,  Grev.  In  this  form 
the  erect  fruiting  threads  of  the  fungus  form  a  curious 
confluent  mass,  and  resemble  a  compound  cellular 
pedicel  with  chains  of  spores.  We  have  also  seen 
the  fungus  growing  in  a  somewhat  similar  manner  in 
sweet  oil,  the  mycelium  absorbing  the  oil,  and  forming 
a  compact  mycelial  substratum  upon  which  the  Core- 
mium form  of  Penicillium  grew. 

The  life  history  of  this  minute  fungus  was  first 
worked  out  by  Dr.  Oscar  Brefeld,  and  published  at 
Leipzig  in  1S74  in  the  Botatiische  Untersuchitti^en 
iiber  Sthimmelpilzc,  \\.  heft.  The  original  work  is 
a  truly  admirable  one,  and  most  beautifully  illustrated 
with  excellent  plates.  Amongst  many  original  and 
accurate  observations  the  author  came  to  one  startling 
conclusion,  one  that,  according  to  my  view  is  utterly 
untenable;  in  fact  M.  Ph.  van  Tieghem  has  already 
shown  in  the  Bulletin  dc  la  Socicle  Botaniqiie  de 
France^  1S77,  vol.  xxiv.,  that  Brefeld's  view  must  be 
abandoned  as  erroneous. 

Brefeld  says,  in  describing  the  sclerotium  of  Peni- 
cillium, with  its  contained  asci,  that  it  not  only 
resembles  a  Truffle  in  structure,  but  it  is  a  TrufHe, 
and  that  the  Penicillium  is  only  its  conidioid  fruit. 
In  this  he  is  entirely  mistaken.  Van  Tieghem  shows 
at  considerable  length  how  wrong  this  position  must 
be,  for  instance  some  species  of  Penicillium  produce 
asci  like  Aspergillus  without  a  sclerotium,  and  it  is 
impossible  to  imagine  a  Truffle  with  asci  only,  and 
no  compact  environment.  The  structure  of  TrufHes 
will  shortly  be  illustrated  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

The  structure  of  the  sclerotium  in  Penicillium,  I 
may  say,  is  foreign  to  all  Truffles  and  resembles 
Ergot;  the  sclerotium  of  Claviceps  purpurea,  Tul. 
Germinating  Ergot  produces  asci  and  ascospores, 
but  these  are  generally  protruded  from  the  central 
mass  of  the  Ergot  on  a  short  stalk.  In  infancy  the 
head  of  the  Claviceps  may  sometimes  be  seen  within 
the  Ergot.  In  such  an  instance  we  have  a  sclerotium 
containing  asci  exactly  in  the  style  of  Penicil- 
lium. The  growing  Claviceps  with  its  asci  absorbs 
the  substance  of  the  Ergot  exactly  in  the  style  of 
the  asci  and  their  mycelium  in  Penicillium.  It 
would  be  less  unreasonable  to  place  Penicillium 
with  Ergot  than  with  TrufHes.  Moreover — and  this 
fact  is  of  the  highest  importance — no  Truffle  has  ever 
been  seen  to  produce  conidia  either  from  its  simple 
cells  or  its  sporidia.  In  Truffles  the  asci  are  formed 
during  the  gradual  growth  of  the  Truffle  itself;  they 
do  not  come  into  existence  by  the  internal  germination 
of  special  organs  after  the  plant  is  fully  formed,  as  is 
the  case  with  the  asci  of  the  sclerotium  of  Penicillium  ; 
neither  is  the  interior  of  a  Truffle  consumed  by  the 


mere  production  of  asci  within  its  substance,  -any 
more  than  a  common  Mushroom  is  consumed  by  the 
production  of  its  spores. 

There   is   only  very  remote   affinity   between   any 
Truffle  and  the  sclerotium  of  Penicillium  ;  there  is  not 


■X-  40(n- 
Fig.  58.— rENiciLLiL'M  crustaceum,  1 


Section  of  part  of  a  sclerolium,  showing  the  gradual  dev 
ment  of  asci  and  spores.     Enlarged  400  diam. 


even  a  genuine  resemblance,  and  most  certainly  there 
is  no  identity  of  structure. 

Mr.  Dyer,  in  his  essay  on  the  "Classification 
and  Sexual  Reproduction  of  Thallophytes,"  published 
in  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Microscopical  Society, 
in  1S75,  adopted  Brefeld's  views,  and  placed  Penicil- 


FlG.    59,— PENICILLIUM    CRUSTACEUM,    FR. 
Asci,  containing  spores  and  germinating  ascospores,  enlarged 


Hum  crustaceum,  Fr.,  amongst  the  Tuberaceie,  or 
true  Truffles.  Mr.  George  Murray  has  also  given 
Penicillium  the  same  position  in  the  article  on  fungi 
published  in  the  Encyclopirdia  Briiannica  \  and  in 
1878  Penicillium  was  so  placed  in  Heniity's  Botanical 
Course  of  Botany, 

Other  writers  have  said  that  the  yeast  fungus, 
Torula  Cerevisix,  is  a  mere  vegetative  form  of  Peni- 
cillium developed  under  peculiar  conditions.    Accord- 


ing to  the  Encyclopiedia  of  Agriculture,  article 
"  Yeast,"  this  "  fact  "  has  actually  been  "proved." 
Dr.  Oscar  Brefeld  has  in  turn  said  that  one  condition 
of  the  smut  of  corn,  Ustilago  carbo,  is  not  to  be  dis- 
tinguished from  yeast. 

If  these  startling  statements  are  to  be  all  accepted, 
it  follows  that  blue  mould.  Truffles,  yeast,  and  the 
smut  of  corn  (to  which  ergot  may  be  added),  are  all 
forms  of  one  fungus.  They  are  probably  com- 
pletely and  entirely  distinct  ;  there  may  be  certain 
specious  resembiances,  but  a  resemblance,  however 
close,  must  not  be  accepted  for  identity.  The  unten- 
able positions  just  mentioned  reached  their  maximum 
point  of  weakness  when  Carnoy  asserted  that  every 
species  of  fungus  was  at  one  period  of  its  growth 
a  Penicillium. 

It  is  difficult  to  prevent  the  growth  of  Penicil- 
lium on  fruit,  preserves,  &c.  The  spores  can  be 
killed  with  chlorine  ga?,  but  this  gas  has  no 
effect  on  the  spores  if  they  are  dry.  When  the 
spores  are  moist,  however,  the  fumes  of  chlorine  gas 
set  up  a  change  of  colour  from  grey  green  to  dirty 
yellow,  and  when  thus  operated  upon  they  will  not 
germinate.  The  amount  of  cold  and  heat  requisite 
for  killing  the  spores  has  already  been  mentioned.  A 
I  per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid  will  kill  the 
spores  of  many  fungi,  and  paste  made  with  water 
saturated  with  salt  will  not  support  blue-mould.  IVor- 
thington  G.  Smith,  DuHstable. 


7he    "Pf(opaqator. 

CHINESE  PRIMULAS:  DOUBLE  FLOWERING 
VARIETIES. 

This  is  a  most  valuable  group  of  plants,  and,  with 
the  exercise  of  some  care  and  skill,  they  may  be  so 
kept  as  to  produce  flowers  from  November  to  the 
following  September.  The  present  is  a  very  good 
time  to  put  in  a  good  batch  of  cuttings,  and  finish  up 
the  propagation  of  all  the  varieties  required  for  next 
season's  blooming. 

The  first  step  to  take  is  to  prepare  the  plants  for 
cuttings  ;  that  is,  all  the  yellow  leaves  should  be  cut 
off  close  to  the  plant,  and  all  the  old  dried-up  leaf- 
stalks should  be  trimmed  off  the  main  stem.  Any 
green  that  may  appear  on  the  surface  of  the  soil 
should  be  removed,  and  any  plants  which  are  dry 
should  be  watered.  When  these  things  have  been 
done  the  plants  should  be  placed  in  the  warm  house, 
where  it  is  intended  to  propagate  them.  They  should 
be  stood  on  the  front  platform  as  near  the  glass  as 
possible  for  about  eight  days  before  takmg  the 
cuttings,  Here  they  must  be  watered  as  they  become 
dry,  and  lightly  syringed  morning  and  afternoon. 
The  house  should  be  ventilated  a  little  and  lightly 
shaded  from  the  sun.  In  taking  the  cuttings  about 
an  inch  of  the  old  stem  should  be  left  to  each  one. 

After  cutting  off  a  few  of  the  botlom  leaves  and 
removing  any  scales  or  dried  remains  of  leaf-stalks, 
and  having  cut  the  base  of  the  main  stem  level,  each 
cutting  can  be  potted  into  a  long  thumb-pot.  Care 
should  be  taken  to  keep  the  centre  of  the  culling  well 
above  the  surface  of  the  soil  ;  they  should  be  pegged- 
in  firmly  with  small  deal  pegs,  and  the  soil  should  be 
firmly  pressed  around  the  cutting  as  well  as  in  the  pot 
generally.  The  leaves  should  be  loosely  lied  up  to  a 
stick.  A  little  sand  si  oul  1  be  sprinkled  over  the  sur- 
face of  the  soil,  and  mc  cuttings  should  be  well 
watered  with  a  fine- rose  pot.  They  must  be 
placed  in  a  cutting-case  or  frame  upon  a  gentle 
bottom-heat  ;  but  before  ihey  are  moved  the  male- 
rial  in  which  they  are  to  be  plunged  should  be  well 
turned  and  watered,  and  made  level  again.  In  the 
case  the  cuttings  must  never  be  allowed  to  flag,  and 
to  prevent  this  they  must  be  shaded  from  Ihe  sun,  and 
the  lights  of  the  case  must  be  taken  off  for  a  short 
time  only  every  night  and  morning.  At  these  times 
of  the  day  the  cuttings  should  be  carefully  examined 
to  see  whether  there  are  any  spots  of  decay  on  the 
foliage,  and  if  any  such  spots  are  detceled  they  should 
immediately  be  cut  out,  in  order  to  prevent  It 
spreading. 

The  cuttings  should  be  watered  wilh  a  fine  spout  pot 
as  soon  as  they  become  dry,  but  the  whole  of  the  cut- 
tings should  be  spiinkled  very  lightlyoverhead  morning 
and  evening,  or  at  any  other  time  when  symptoms  of 
flagging  appear.  When  the  cuttings  have  rooted  a 
bale  air  should  be  left  on  the  case  for  a  few  days  to 
prepare  them  for  removal  from  the  case.     For  a  few 


270 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  iS 


days  they  should  be  stood  outside  the  cutting  case  Pastor  roseus  w.ththe.r=almon-pmk  breast  and 
and  kept  well  sprinkled  with  water,  and  at  the  end  jet  black  head,  neck  and  «'«E^-  7''^^  "=^^^'' 
of  that  time  they  should  be  potted  into  large  6o-po,s.       twuter.ng    '-'5.    -f^-^^' "At?.: 'id 


After  havin..  bYenTalered  ^hey  should' be  Vaced"on  discuVs  the  merits  of  the  nectar'.     Often  attracted,  no 

The  front  bed  of  the  house  or  pla.form  ;  care  must  be  doubt,  by  the  fuss,  comes  a  solitary  crow  on  the  scene, 

laken    never  to  lllow  them   to   become   dry.     They  which,  l.ke  a '■  bobby,"  fancies  .t   -  keep.ng  or  er. 

ad  three  times  a  day  (only  These  pretty  Pastors  are  not  often  seen  at  other  sea 

:   foliage)  and  shaded  from  sons  ;   as  soon  as  this  Erythrina  is  in  bloom,  every 


must  be  sprinkled 
just  enough  to  moist 

the  sun.  A  litile  air  should  be  given  them  evc, 
day— the  quantity  being  increased  as  the  plants  gain 
strength.  When  the  plants  have  rooted  they  should 
be  removed  to  a  cold  ash  bottom  in  the  front  of  the 
house  and  as  near  the  glass  as  possible.  The  instruc- 
tinno   !i5    to    watering   and    shading    should   still    be 


morning  they  assemble  in  crowds.  No  other  bird 
appears  to  patronise  this  tree  while  in  flower. 

I  have  seen  the  pods,  and  the  seeds  also,  although 

they  are  sparingly  produced  as  a  rule  ;  they  are  ealen 

while  green  by  parrots.     They  are  not  unlike  French 

Beans.     This   tree  strikes  readily    from    cuttings;    I 

observed.     The  plant°s  require  a  good  supply  of  fresh       have  seen  large  branches,  taken  at  the  proper  season, 

air,  but  the  house  must  be  so  ventilated  as  to  prevent       ,oot  and  grow,  as  if  nothing    had   happened.     I    do 

not  know  that  any  economic  use  is  made  of  this  tree. 
Its  wood  is  soft  and  spongy,  and  is  only  used  as  an 
inferior  firewood.  As  an  ornamental  tree,  however, 
there  are  few  that  come  up  to  it. 

The  leaves  are  trifoliolate,  about  18  inches  long,  re- 
sembling those  of  French  Beans.  The  odd  leaflet  is 
6  inches  across,  and  nearly  four-cornered.    The  pclio- 


a  draught  playing  upon  ihem.  All  the  flower-spikes 
that  appear  while  the  plants  are  in  60-pots  should  be 
picked  olT  so  as  to  form  strong  plants  before  they 
flower.  As  soon  as  they  are  strong  enough  they  can 
be  potted  into  well  drained  large  4S-pots,  and  alter 
being  watered  they  can  be  replaced  upon  the  cold 
ash  bottom.  When  the  plants  get  a  little  stronger 
it  is  advisable  to  discontinue  sprinkling  them  over- 
head. 


lets  are  short,  and  have  a  pair  of  glands  at  their  base. 
The   colour  of  the    leaves   is  a   greyish-green. 


Primulas  require  very  little  heat,  only  just  enough       underneath,  and  rusty  green  and  downy,  when  young 


to  keep  ihe  house  in  which  Ihey  are  wintered  up  to 
45°  to  55°,  and  care  should  be  taken  that  this  be  not 
much  e.xceeded,  or  the  plants  get  weak.  During  the 
winter  they  require  to  be  very  carefully  watered  ;  it 
should  be  done  in  the  morning,  and  as  soon  as  it  is 
finished,  or  while  it  is  being  done,  the  house  should 
be  ventilated  in  order  to  dry  up  any  moisture  that 
may  have  settled  on  the  foliage.  Primulas  very  readily 
"damp  off"  during  the  winter  months  if  this 
matter  is  not  attended  to. 

There  is  siill  one  point  to  be  noticed  with  regard  to 
watering— the  spout  of  the  pot  should  be  turned  to- 
wards the  centre  of  the  flower-pot  and  not  towards 
the  centre  ol  the  plant. 

The  soil  for  the  cuttings  should  be  composed  of 
equal  quantities  of  good  loam,  peat,  leaf-mould  and 
sand,  with  the  addition  of  a  small  quantity  of  finely 
broken  potsherds.  These  must  be  well  mixed 
together  and  sifted  and  rubbed  through  a  fine  sieve, 
and  if  it  is  dry  it  must  be  moistened  before  it  is  used. 

When  the  cuttings  are  potted  into  60  pots,  and  for 
the  older  plants,  the  following  compost  should  be 
used,  vii  ,  half  good  turfy  loam,  the  other  half  being 
made  up  with  peat,  leal-mould,  and  river  sand.  Small 
quantities  of  potsherds  finely  broken  up,  charcoal  in 
pieces  of  Hazel-nut  size,  and  a  sprinkling  of  Clay's 
Fertiliser,  should  be  added.    T.  O'B. 


ERYTHRINA    SUBEROSA. 

In  March  this  leguminous  tree  becomes  covered 
with  bloom.  The  disposition  of  the  blossom  is  in 
horizontal,  closely  set  racemes,  resembling  spikes,  of 
about  ninety  or  more  flowers,  all  looking  upwards. 
They  begin  to  open  from  the  base.  They  are  of  the 
Pea-shape  section,  and  owe  their  brilliancy  to  the 
shell-like  vexillum,  which  is  I^  inch  long,  and  of  an 
intensely  vivid  vermilion,  with  transparent  parallel 
veins.  The  colour  approaches  that  of  a  velvety-red 
sealing-wax,  only  it  is  far  more  brilliant.  The  alfe 
are  abortive,  and  scarcely  visible.  The  carina  is 
small,  shovel-like,  and  of  a  transparent  pale  green. 
It  simply  supports  the  nine  united  stamens.  This 
bundle  of  stamens  is  very  like  a  diminutive  hand,  of 
the  colour  of  pale  coral,  with  five  diminutive  fingers, 
the  anthers  tipping  the  fingers,  like  nails.  There  are 
four  other  shorter  stamens  in  the  spaces  between  the 
fingers.  In  the  palm  of  this  microscopic  hand, 
which  is  lengthened,  lies  the  pistil.  The  tenth,  or 
vexillar  stamen,  is  quite  separate,  and  rests  upon  the 
pistil. 

This  is  one  of  the  charming  flowering  trees  of 
India,  which  natives  call  "Nasoot."  It  has  a  spongy 
bark,  covered  with  small  and  permanent  stipular 
thorns.  It  drops  its  leaves  in  the  winter,  and  as  soon 
as  it  feels  the  returning  warmth  of  spring  it  glows 
with  its  marvellous  masses  of  vermilion  flowers. 
The  unexpanded  blossoms  are  not  unlike  the  tips  of 
neatly-pointed  red  pencils.  If  I  were  a  poet  I  should 
like  to  pen  a  description  of  this  fine  tree  in  verse. 

To  get  up  at  sunrise  towards  the  end  of  March  and 
cast  your  eyes  on  a  group  of  these  trees,  with  their 
scarlet  bouquets  illumined  by  the  morning  sun,  is  a 
great  treat.  This  is  not  all.  On  each  tree  there  is  an 
assembly  of  eltgant  birds— the  "  Goolabi  maina  "  or 


At   the  base  of  the  leaf  is  a  pair  of  sharp  stipular 
thorns. 

The  E.  indica  is  more  spreading,  flowers  later,  and 
is  of  a  darker  red.  In  my  opinion  it  is  not  half  so 
beautiful  as  the  suberosa.  The  latter  is  a  fine  tree, 
fit  for  avenues,  alternating  with  some  dark-foilaged 
tree.  When  the  flowers  cease,  and  the  leaves  come 
out,  it  is  still  a  fine  tree.  One  would,  however, 
enjoy  its  charming  flowers  infinitely  more  if  they  were 
not  the  forerunners  of  "punkahs,"  flies,  and  mos- 
quitos.  E.  Boiiavin,  M.D.,  Etaioah. 


\\zii\i    lloui^rs. 


THE  AMARYLLIS. 
The  plants  have  now  arrived  at  the  period  when 
they  require  rest.  The  treatment  must  of  course  be 
difl'erent  from  what  it  has  been  since  the  plants  were 
in  flower.  The  house  must  be  more  freely  ventilated, 
and  no  artificial  heat  will  be  required  ;  neither  will 
they  have  any  more  water  at  the  roots.  If  the  plants 
had  all  the  roots  confined  in  the  pots  where  they  were 
grown  it  would  scarcely  do  to  quite  give  up  watering 
them  ;  but  the  roots  have  run  out  freely  into  the  tan 
bed,  and  even  if  no  water  should  be  applied  from  now 
until  January  the  roots  will  not  die— in  fact,  they  will 
remain  in  a  healthy  state,  and  ready  to  start  into  good 
growth  as  soon  as  they  are  potted. 

We  have  a  number  of  plants  growing  under  Vines 
which  have  done  remarkably  well.  Indeed,  those 
who  have  no  other  convenience  to  grow  their  plants 
may  succeed  well  by  starling  them  in  Ihe  vinery, 
when  the  house  is  started,  about  the  end  of  January. 
The  good  old-fashioned  way  of  making  up  a  bed  of 
leaves  and  fermenting  manure  in  the  early  vineries 
supplied  an  excellent  medium  in  which  to  plunge  the 
pots  of  Amaryllis  bulbs,  and  many  other  plants,  for 
forcing.  Keep  the  leaves  free  from  red-spider  and 
black  thrips  by  washing  with  tobacco-water.  When 
the  plants  are  plunged  in  a  tan  bed  the  leaves  have  to 
be  washed  with  a  sponge,  but  when  they  are  merely 
growing  -1  pots  it  is  best  to  dip  the  entire  plant  in  a 
large  pail  of  the  diluted  tobacco- water. 

The  Azalea, 

The  flower-buds  are  now  well  formed,  even  on  the 
plants  that  have  not  been  forced.  The  leaves  ought 
to  be  kept  quite  free  from  insect  pests  ;  indeed,  the 
plants  are  seldom  attacked  by  anything  except  red- 
spider  and  black  thrips,  but  these  troublesome  pests 
cannot  do  much  mischief  during  the  summer  months, 
when  the  plants  are  being  daily  syringed.  I  like  to 
place  all  the  large  and  medium-sized  specimens  out- 
of-doors  after  this  time  ;  it  promotes  a  more  perfect 
development  of  the  buds.  This  is  seen  in  a  week  or 
two  after  the  plants  have  been  placed  in  a  favourable 
position  out-of-doors ;  the  leaves  speedily  become 
stifTer,  and  their  deep  green  colour  takes  a  slightly 
reddish  tinge. 

There  are  frequently  heavy  dewfalls  during  the 
month  of  September,  and  the  nights  are  chilly,  so 


that  no  insect  pests  will  interfere  with  the  leaves.  I 
like  to  go  into  the  garden  at  6  o'clock  in  the  morning 
and  see  the  leaves  saturated  with  dew.  The  flower- 
buds  on  some  varieties  set  too  thickly,  and  if  they  are 
not  thinned  out  there  is  quite  a  mass  of  blooms 
crowded  together  so  closely  that  they  cannot  open  out 
to  their  full  extent,  and  the  leaves  cannot  be  seen  at 
all  when  the  flowers  are  open.  It  may  in  some  cases 
be  necessary  to  thin  out  nearly  the  half  of  the  buds. 
If  the  plants  have  not  been  repotted,  a  dressing  of 
some  rich  compost  is  necessary  on  the  surface.  Clay's 
Fertiliser,  or  Standen's  Manure,  mixed  with  an  equal 
portion  of  sandy  peat,  is  as  good  as  anything.  J. 
Douglas,  __^ 

ATHROTAXIS   CUPRESSOIDES  * 

Some  time  since  we  were  favoured  by  Mr.  Noble 
with  cones  of  this  plant  which,  so  far  as  we  know,  have 
not  previously  been  produced  in  this  country,  and 
which,  therefore,  we  are  glad  to  have  an  opportunity 
of  figuring. 

Athrotaxis  is  a  small  genus  of  Conifers  closely 
allied  to  Sequoia,  but  differing  in  the  scales  of  the 
cone  being  provided  with  a  conical  point  near  the  apex. 
The  species  are  confined  to  the  mountains  of  Tas- 
mania and  were  first  described  by  Don.  Subse- 
quently they  have  been  investigated  by  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  and  others.  The  three  species  described  are 
A.  cupressoides,  A.  laxifolia,  and  A.  selaginoides. 
The  plant  we  now  figure  (fig.  60,  p.  273)  is  in  our  ex- 
perience named  in  the  nurseries  A.  selaginoides, 
but  an  inspection  of  native  specimens,  or  even  ol 
the  illluslralioQ  cited,  shows  that  this  is  an 
error.  A.  selaginoides  has  looser,  larger  leaves, 
lanceolate,  and  much  more  acutely  pointed.  A.  laxi- 
folia is  in  some  respects  intermediate  in  regard  to  the 
shape  of  the  leaves  between  A.  cupressoides  and 
A.  selaginoides  ;  so  that,  bearing  in  mind  the  known 
variability  of  the  leaves  of  allied  species  of  the  order 
at  various  stages  of  growth,  it  is  not  improbable  that 
there  is  in  reality  only  one  species  of  variable  habit. 
Time  and  cultivation  will  show  whether  this  be  true 
or  not.  In  the  meantime  we  may  say  that  A.  cupres- 
soides as  seen  in  English  gardens  is  a  hardy,  low- 
growing  tree,  of  dark  green  colour  and  singular  habit, 
the  loosely  arranged  younger  terete  branches  re- 
sembling whi^-cord,  so  rigid-looking  are  they,  and  so 
closely  appreised  the  leaves.  Sir  Joseph  Hooker 
speaks  of  it  as  a  conical  tree,  40—50  feet  in  height, 
with  a  trunk  15  feet  in  circumference  at  3i  feet  from 
the  ground,  branches  ascending,  with  spreading  dis- 
tichous branchlets  obscurely  4-farious.  Leaves 
minutely  ciliated,  rhomboid  ovate,  blunt,  bluntly 
keeled.     Cone  generally  cernuous." 

Gunn  (n.  365),  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  has  a  manu- 
script note  to  the  efl^ect  that  "  the  tree  is  very  plenti- 
ful on  the  margin  of  Lake  Saint  Clair,  growing  23— 
30  feet  high,  and  with  trunks  18  inches  to  2  feet  in 
diameter.  One  very  old  and  hollowed  trunk  measured 
15  feet  round  at  3t  feet  from  the  ground.  The  trunks 
taper  rapidly  from  the  root  upwards,  so  that  to  cut  a 
walking-stick  you  have  one  end  unreasonably  thick  and 
the  other  disproportionately  small."  A  microscopic 
examination  of  the  leaf  shows  a  single  layer  of  hypo- 
derm  cells  beneath  the  epidermis,  and  surrounding  a 
loose  mass  of  branching  cells  containing  chorophyll, 
and  traversed  by  one  central  rather  large  resin  canal, 
which  is  surrounded  by  a  double  layer  of  strengthening 
cells.  Bsrtrand  states  that  each  leaf  receives  a  single 
fibro-vascular  bundle  from  the  stem  ;  but  in  the 
cultivated  plant  we  examined  we  were  unable  to  find 
any  trace  of  vascular  bundle  in  the  leaves.  The 
generic  name,  often  erroneously  written  Arthrotaxis, 
is  derived  from  iSptfo!,  crowded,  in  allusion  to  the 
overlapping  leaves,  and  tc»?<s,  arrangement. 


PINUS    EDULIS   AND   P.  MONO- 
PHYLLA. 

PiNUS  MONOPHYLLA,  Torr.  and  Frem.,  was  de- 
scribed in  Fremont's  Report  of  the  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion to  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the  Year  1842,  and  to 
Oregon  and  Northern  California  in  1S43  and  1844 
(Washington,  1845,  House  Doc.  No.  166,  p.  319, 
pi.  4).  The  specimens  upon  which  the  description 
was  based  were  obtained  from  "  Northern  California, 
longitude  111°  to  120°,"  mostly  from  an  area  now 
included  in  the  State  of  Nevada.     Among  the  speci- 

~  '  I.  .3.  f-  = : 


August  29,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


271 


mens  brought  in  by  Fremont  were  some  in  which  the 
leaves  were  both  single  and  double,  but  the  double 
leaves  were  rare  exceptions  to  the  general  rule. 

In  the  years  1S57,  '8,  and  '9,  and  later,  I  passed  in 
many  directions  through  most  of  the  country  occupied 
by  Pinus  edulis  and  the  so-called  P.  monophylla,  in 
the  Northern  States  of  Mexico,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
Colorado,  Utah,  and  Nevada,  and  I  found  the  facts 
in  regard  to  the  relations  of  these  two  forms  to  be 
essentially  these  : — 

The  chosen  habitat  and  home  of  Pinus  edulis  is 
the  belt  or  area  of  dry  country  lying  between  the 
saline  and  treeless  portion  of  the  *'  Great  Basin  "  in 
Nevada  and  Utah  and  the  higher  and  better  watered 
mountain  ranges  which  border  or  divide  the  desert 
areas. 

In  Southern  Utah,  between  the  summits  of  the 
Wasatch  and  the  Western  Sage  plains  in  Western 
New  Mexico  and  Eastern  Arizona,  as  well  as  some 
portions  of  Northern  Mexico,  the  Nut-Pine  attains 
the  largest  size,  and  stands  thickest  on  the  ground. 
Here  it  ranges  from  20  to  50  feet  in  height,  has  a 
trunk  sometimes  2  feet  in  diameter,  and  is  universally 
two  leaved.  In  Nevada  and  Western  Utah  the  trees 
are  smaller  in  size,  more  scattered,  and  usually  have 
but  a  single  cylindrical  leaf.  Where  the  areas  of 
these  two  varieties  meet  it  is  very  common  to  tind 
trees  in  which  the  foliage  is  about  equally  divided 
between  the  single  and  double  forms.  Hence  it 
would  seem  that  the  single-leaved  variety  is  a  some- 
what dwarfed  and  depauperate  form,  the  effect  of 
aridity  of  climate  ;  and  the  siiigle  solid  leaf  is  appa- 
rently an  exhibition  of  the  tendency  so  conspicuous 
among  desert  plants  to  reduce  the  ratio  of  surface  to 
mass  in  the  leaves,  or  the  parts  of  the  plant  which 
perform  the  functions  of  leaves.  In  Cactus,  Hole- 
cantha,  Canotia,  Ephedra,  &c.,  we  see  the  extreme 
form  of  this  self-protective  modification, — no  leaves, 
but  an  epidermis  which  does  what  little  there  is  for 
leaves  to  do,  and  in  Cactus,  Holocantha,  kc.^  a 
formidable  array  of  spines  to  protect  this  from  pos- 
sible injury.  Dr.  Torrey,  to  whom  more  than  twenty 
years  ago  I  showed  my  specimens  of  Pinus  monophylla 
and  P.  edulis,  agreed  with  me  in  considering  them 
only  varieties  of  one  species.  Mr.  Thomas  Meehan, 
in  his  interesting  note  lately  published  on  this  subject, 
considers  the  two  forms  as  of  common  origin,  but  as 
constituting  distinct  species.  It  seems  to  me,  how- 
ever, they  are  typical  varieties  of  common  origin  and 
shading  into  each  other,  and  of  unusual  interest,  since 
their  relationship  can  be  easily  traced,  and,  if  I  am 
right,  the  causes  which  have  produced  the  differences 
are  easily  comprehensible.  J.  S.  Newberry ^  in  *^ Bul- 
letin of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Clith." 


jjlanta  and  i\t\\  mi\i)x\t. 


CLIMBING  PLANTS  FOR  THF,  CONSERVATORY. 

Should  the  Camellias  in  the  open  border,  and  to 
which  we  alluded  in  our  last  Calendar,  be  situate  in  the 
conservatory  the  present  will  be  a  capital  time  either 
to  renew  the  soil  around  their  roots,  or  to  plant  (resh 
stock  where  any  are  giving  indications  of  vital  exhaus- 
tion. It  will  be  advisable  also  to  take  into  considera- 
tion the  extirpation  of  insect  pests  that  may  be  giving 
any  serious  trouble  ;  when  such  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity presents  itseU  by  all  means  make  the  best  of 
it,  and  if  necessary  summon  up  courage  and  destroy 
the  climbers  rather  than  be  troubled  with  either 
mealybug  or  white-scale  another  season.  Young 
plants  of  healthy  growth  will  soon  make  rapid  pro- 
gress, and  by  the  end  of  another  year  no  regret  will 
be  evinced  that  the  old  ones  were  destroyed  and 
advantage  taken  of  the  new  soil  wherein  to  start  a 
fresh  lot. 

When  this  is  decided  upon,  and  prior  to  replanting, 
some  two  or  more  coats  of  paint  may  be  necessary 
both  to  add  to  the  appearance  and  to  more  effectually 
exterminate  the  insects  we  have  named.  Consider 
well  the  temperature  at  which  the  conservatory  is 
maintained  during  the  winter  months ;  if  kept 
slightly  warm  beyond  ordinary  greenhouse  culture 
some  few  climbers  may  be  introduced  that  would  not 
otherwise  succeed.  Bignonia  venusta  is  an  instance 
of  this.  Hexacentris  lutea,  Bougainvillea  speciosa, 
and  the  Tacsonias  will  all  thrive  well  in  such  a  case. 
If  the  temperature  is  only  maintained  at  a  few  degrees 


above  freezing-point  in  sharp  weather  then  choose 
the  plants  accordingly,  never  omitting  the  Lapa- 
gerias,  giving  them  a  cool,  moist,  and,  if  possible,  a 
slightly  shaded  position.  Lonicera  semperflorens 
minor,  Bignonia  Cherere,  Acacia  Riceana,  and  Cho- 
rozeroa  Chandlerii  or  C.  Lawrenceana  would  be 
among  the  best  to  select  in  such  a  case,  and  give  far 
better  satisfaction  than  the  more  tender  kinds. 

Greenhouse  IIard-wooded  Plants. 

The  stock  of  these  that  have  now  for  some  time 
been  past  their  best  in  regard  to  bloom  should  have 
all  faded  tiowers  removed,  and  young  growth  encou- 
raged in  ^ery  instance.  In  some  cases  this  will 
already  be  considerably  advanced,  such  plant,  there- 
fore, should  be  thoroughly  exposed  to  the  genial 
warmth  of  the  sun,  to  ripen  up  the  wood  to  that  con- 
dition which  is  requisite  to  ensure  a  successful  crop 
of  flower  another  season.  \Vhere  repotting  is  con- 
templated lose  no  time  in  getting  the  same  completed. 
Avoid  large  shifts  ;  an  extra  inch  all  around  the  old 
ball  is  enough  for  any  plant  of  this  class. 

Keep  a  watch  on  any  attack  of  red-spider  upon  the 
Pimeleas  and  Chorozemas.  Mildew  will  also  attack 
several  of  the  Ericas  ;  this  insidious  enemy  will  soon 
seriously  alTect  the  health  of  the  plant.  Preventive 
measures  with  the  sulphur  duster,  or  by  means  of 
mixture  in  water  to  the  denser  growing  kinds,  will  be 
the  safest  plan  to  follow.  Epacris  for  autumn  and 
winter  blooming  must  also  be  exposed  to  the  full  sun- 
shine now  until  housing  time  is  to  hand  again.  If 
the  condition  of  any  of  these  at  the  root  is  not  so 
satisfactory  as  one  would  wish,  it  is  not  too  late  to  re- 
pot such  :  it  may  possibly  save  their  lives  or  at  the 
least  it  will  start  them  into  renewed  vigour  another 
season. 

The  stock  of  Lachenalias  should  be  repotted  with- 
out delay,  root-action  will  soon  commence,  and  if  per- 
formed then  a  check  to  the  bulbs  will  be  the  result. 
After  potting  we  advise  them  to  be  placed  in  a  frame 
with  a  south  aspect,  but  the  lights  entirely  removed 
therefrom  both  by  night  and  day  till  any  danger  from 
autumn  frosts  is  apprehended.  L.  luteola  is  a  most 
desirable  addition,  so  also  is  L.  Nelsonii,  and  both 
should  be  thought  of  when  the  regular  bulb  order  is 
being  made  out  for  the  season.  James  Hudson^  Gttn- 
nershiry  f/ouse  Gardens,  Acton,  ^V.,  Aug,  25. 


pF^UITg     -yNDEF}      -QtAgg. 


The  second  crop  of  Figs  on  the  trees  which  was 
started  into  growth  at  an  early  period  in  the  current 
year  will  now  be  ripening,  or  fast  approaching  this 
condition,  assuming  the  trees  have  had  the  treat- 
ment as  advised  for  them  after  the  first  crop  of  fruit 
was  gathered,  namely,  a  brisk  heat,  with  plenty  of 
moisture  combined.  This  condition  should,  as  soon 
as  signs  of  ripening  are  indicated  in  the  fruit,  be 
somewhat  abated,  and  replaced  by  a  slightly  arid 
and  more  airy  state  ;  for  this  purpose  it  will  at  cer- 
tain times  be  necessary  to  use  a  little  fire-heat,  in 
order  to  maintain  constantly  in  the  house  a  degree  of 
heat  of  about  70"  at  night,  and  80°  in  the  daytime, 
with  a  little  air  at  both  the  top  and  front  of  the  house 
always  on,  otherwise  the  fruit  will  be  insipid,  and 
almost  colourless.  In  the  usual  course  of  treatment 
it  is  customary,  just  prior  to  the  fruit  taking  the 
second  swelling,  to  give  the  trees  an  abundant  supply 
of  water,  and,  if  needful,  a  little  stimulant  with  it.  If 
this  matter  has  not  been  attended  to,  defer  it  no  longer, 
but  copiously  water  the  borders  in  which  the  trees  are 
growing,  and  keep  the  mulching  material  which  is 
on  the  surface-roots  well  supplied  with  it  too.  As 
soon  as  this  crop  of  fruit  is  gathered  attention  should 
be  given  to  the  maturation  of  the  wood.  Go  over 
the  trees  and  remove  all  superfluous  growths,  and 
others  where  they  are  too  thickly  placed,  leaving 
only  those  that  will  be  required  to  yield  the  fruit  the 
subsequent  year.  The  growths  should  be  brought  up 
near  the  glass,  where,  by  the  direct  operation  of  sun- 
shine, beat,  and  air  they  will  become  hardened  and 
fruitful.  Trees  in  pots  which  now  are  placed  out- 
of-doors  should  be  kept  free  from  insects  by  a  frequent 


use  of  the  syringe.  Abundantly  supply  water  at  the 
roots  whenever  the  trees  need  it,  and  as  soon  as  they 
are  in  a  dormant  state  the  necessary  preparations 
before  starting  them  into  growth  again  should  be 
executed,  which  consists  in  examining  the  state  of 
the  drainage,  the  shifting  of  those  trees  which  need  it 
into  larger  pots,  and  in  disrooting  such  as  may  need 
it  before  starting  them  again,  G,  T.  Miles,  Wycombe 
Abbey. 


|m  \^\h  |pit  lai-ilittt. 


The  most  important  work  here  will  be  the  gather- 
ing and  storing  of  Apples  and  Pears.  Apple  trees 
of  such  varieties  as  Lord  Suflield,  Lane's  Prince  Al- 
bert, Cellini,  &c.,  bearing  heavy  crops,  should  begone 
over  two  or  three  times,  gathering  the  largest  and 
ripest  fruits  each  time  ;  by  doing  this  the  trees  will  be 
able  to  bring  the  fruit  to  greater  perfection,  and  it  will 
also  considerably  prolong  the  season  of  each  variety. 
Tears  should  be  treated  in  the  same  manner.  By 
adopting  this  plan  such  varieties  as  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien  and  Winter  Nelis  may  be  had  in  season  for 
six  weeks  or  even  twa  months,  and  many  others  in 
the  same  way.  It  is  a  great  mistake  to  leave  the 
fruit  on  the  trees  till  perfectly  ripe  and  then  gather 
all  at  one  time. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  make  a  thorough  exami- 
nation of  the  orchards  by  making  notes  of  the  free- 
bearing  varieties,  and  also  marking  those  which 
should  be  cut-back  for  grafting  in  spring  with  the 
varieties  which  have  proved  most  suitable  for  the 
district.  It  is  waste  of  ground  and  labour  to  con- 
tinue growing  year  after  year  varieties  which  seldom 
produce  anything  but  wood  and  leaves.  It  is  not 
timber  that  should  be  our  object  in  growing  orchard 
trees  but  healthy  free-bearing  varieties.  As  instance 
— here  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling,  although  recom- 
mended as  a  free  bearer,  is  almost  worthless,  and  is 
now  condemned,  and  again  Cellini  on  the  Paradise 
stock  is  a  grand  cropper,  and  as  an  orchard  tree  is  a 
failure.  The  same  with  Plums  :  Orleans,  Victoria, 
and  Jefferson's,  produce  more  fruit  taking  one  season 
with  another  than  any  other  kinds  grown here,although 
we  grow  a  great  many. 

Strawiierries. 
A  space  of  ground  should  now  be  prepared  for 
making  fresh  plantations,  the  size  of  plantation  must 
depend  on  the  space  available  and  the  demand.  ^Vhen 
the  ground  is  limited  they  may  be  planted  6  inches 
apart  in  the  rows,  and  18  inches  from  row  to  row, 
this  would  allow  for  the  plants  being  destroyed  as 
soon  as  the  fruit  was  gathered  next  season,  J.  Smith, 
Mentmore  Bucks. 


il 


FRAMES. 


The  late  sowing  of  French  Beans  growing  planted 
out  in  unhealed  frames  for  the  purpose  of  giving  a 
fortnight  or  threee  weeks'  supply  between  the  last 
outdoor  gathering  and  the  first  indoor  gathering  from 
plants  grown  in  pots  in  heated  houses  should  now 
have  the  lights  placed  over  them  at  night.  Should 
the  plants  not  yet  be  showing  flower  the  lights  may 
be  placed  over  them  for  good,  giving  ample  ventila- 
tion during  favourable  weather,  and  syringing  and 
closing  with  sun-heat  in  the  afternoon,  otherwise  they 
may  be  too  late  to  do  any  good.  At  the  beginning  of 
September  a  batch  should  be  planted  in  pots  ;  the 
Beans  will  come  up  well  if  the  pots  are  placed  in  an 
unheated  frame,  and  closed  with  sun-heat,  from 
whence  they  can  be  top-dressed  and  placed  in  a 
warmer  position. 

CUCUMIIER-HOUSE. 
As  the  nights  are  now  getting  chilly  care 
should  be  taken  that  the  night  temperature  and 
bottom-heat  do  not  fall  too  low.  The  plants  should 
now  be  making  good  progress,  and  as  the  sun  wanes 
in  power  earlier  syringing  and  closing  should  be  prac- 
tised, in  order  that  the  afternoon  temperature  may 
run  up  to  85^  or  90"'.  G.  H.  Richards,  Somerley  Gar' 
dens,  Rfngwood,  Hants, 


272 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


{August  29,  1885, 


Wednesday,  Sept. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

,(  Sale  of  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at  Stevens' 
»*      .        .  A  -  '  '        Rooms. 

Monday,  Aug   31-    salc  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Frotheroc  4  Morns' 

(       kooms. 
_  c      ,       J  "^ale  of   Plants  at    Horn    Lane,   Acton,   by 

Tuesday,  Sept    i  ^       hToiheroe&  Morris. 

r  Glasgow  and    West   of    Scotland  Horticul- 

I       tural    Society's    bhow    at    St.     Andrew's 
Hall.  Glasgow. 

I  Bath  Autumn  bhow  (two  days). 

I  bale  of  Bulbs  from   Holland,  at  Stevens' 

Sale  of  Move  and  Greenhouse  Plants  at  the 
Ceylon  Nursery,  Eastbourne,  by  Prolhc- 
i       roe  &  Morris 
Alnwick   Horticultural    and    Botanical    So- 

Sale   ol    Established    Orchids,   at    Stevens' 

Thursday,        Sept.  3  \  Sale    of     Dutch     Bulbs,     at     Prolheroe    & 

Morris'  Rooms 

Sale    of    the    Freehold   of    the   Whetstone 

Nurseries,  at  The  Mart,  by  Prolheroe  fit 

L      Morns 

P  g  /  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 

!Sale°[.f ^Bulbs'lrom  Holland,    at    Stevens' 
Sale°°'i^f'  Dutch     Bulbs,    at    Prolheroe    & 
Morris"  Rooms. 


THE  notes  on  the  approaching  Pear  CON- 
GRESS by  our  correspondent  "  X.,"  at 
p.  202,  are  timely,  and  suggestive  as  to  what  a 
really  representative  Conference  on  Pears 
might  accomplish.  Perhaps  the  article  savoured 
a  little  too  strongly  of  the  market  element,  and 
did  not  lay  sufficient  stress  on  the  fact  that 
Pears,  however  cheapened,  can  never  take 
an  equal  position  with  Apples  or  Plums  as 
culinary  fruits  for  the  million,  and  therefore 
it  is  hardly  worth  while  to  bestow  much  atten- 
tion on  this  phase  of  the  question.  It  might 
be  well  if  the  Conference  confined  its  delibera- 
tions, firstly,  to  deciding  on  the  best  kinds  of 
Pears  for  certain  districts  and  soils,  naming 
the  kinds  that  should  be  grown  in  those  districts 
on  walls,  and  those  that  do  well  as  standards, 
bushes,  cordons,  &:c.,  and  those  that  are 
best  on  Qumce  or  Pear  stocks.  Secondly,  the 
best  modes  of  training  and  pruning— root  and 
branch— in  summer  and  winter  ;  and,  thirdly, 
the  correction  of  nomenclature  and  the  re- 
duction of  the  long  list  of  varieties  to,  say, 
thirty  for  each  district  from  which  we  may  rely 
on  a  supply  of  dessert  fruit  from  the  beginning 
of  August  to  the  end  of  February. 

Supposing  that  the  Conference  decides  on 
taking  all  or  but  one  of  these  phases  into  con- 
sideration it  is  obvious  that  the  decision  must 
be  based  on  observations  made  by  persons  in 
different  districts,  and,  therefore,  every  gardener 
interested  in  Pears  ou>;ht  to  m.ike  it  a  point  of 
conscience  to  render  what  assistance  he  can  by 
notes  to  the  gardening  papers  before  the  Con- 
ference takes  place,  and  at  ihe  time  of  it,  by 
sending  specimens  of  fruit  with  notes  as  to  soil, 
site,  &c  ,  in  which  the  fiuit  has  been  grown. 
Mr.  WiLDSMiTH,  writing  to  us  on  the  subject 
from  Hampshire,  says  ; — 

"  I  have  under  my  charge,  perhaps,  as  good  and 
large  (loo  large)  a  collection  of  varieties  of  Pears  as 
there  are  in  the  m.<joriiy  of  private  gardens,  and  from 
notes  made  of  most  of  ihem  under  varying  conditions  of 
weather,  stocks,  pruning,  training,  soils,  and  manures, 
I  m^iy  be  able  to  aid  in  some  degree  the  determination 
of  varieties,  &c  ,  best  suited  for  growmg  in  the  south- 
eastern group  of  counties  that  your  correspondent  '  X.' 
suggests — a  suggestion  that,  with  certain  modifications  as 
to  soil,  is  the  bebt  that  can  possibly  be  made.  I  divide 
my  notes  as  follows  :— First,  stocks,  soils,  manures,  and 
when  and  how  to  apply  the  same.  Secondly,  pruning, 
training,  aspects  and  lorms  that  are  best  suited  to  certain 
varieties  ;  and  thirdly,  a  general  Ust  of  v,irieties,  their 
season  of  riptning.  &c.,  with  allusion  to  the  merits  and 
peculiarities  of  each. 

"  First  :  Stocks  and  soils. — Well,  in  some  measure 
the  one  must  determine  the  other.  For  the  light 
sandy  soil  of  this  district  the  Quince — speaking  gene- 
rally— may  be  said  to  be  unsuited  and  short-lived 
— fruits  to  de:ith  in  fact  :  and  yet  some  varieties  on 
this  stock  in  this  soil  grow  much  larger,  ripen  better, 
and  colour  more  perfectly,  than  they  do  even  when 
double  grafted  on  the  Pear  stock  ;  and  that  they 
are  more  productive,  or  rather,  I  should  say,  bear  full 
crops  at  earlier  stages  of  growth,  goes  without  saying. 
To  such  varieties  allusion  will  be  made  at  another  time, 
for  the  present  it  must  suttice  to  say.  that  for  light 
soils  generally  the  Pear  stock  is  by  far  the  best,  but  it 
requires  more  skilful  treatment  in  regard  to  pruning  and 


general  management,  to  induce  young  trees  to  bear  full 
crops  at  a  very  early  period  after  first  being  planted,  but 
it  can  be  accomphshed,  as  it  is  solely  a  question  of 
labour. 

"  Any  one  accustomed  to  observe  the  differing  forms  of 
root  formation  made  by  trees  of  all  descriptions,  will  at 
once  understand  why  Pears  on  the  natural  stock  should 
be  longer  in  attainmg  fruitfulness  than  they  are  when 
grafted  on  the  Quince.  The  roots  of  the  latter  are 
invariably  to  be  found  on,  or  perhaps  I  should  say,  im- 
mediately under  the  surlace  of  the  soil  ;  but  Pear  roots 
will  go  down,  and  unless  we  go  after  them— that  is, 
root-prune— a  full  fruiting  state  is  an  impossibility.  This 
natural  deep  rooting  of  the  Pear  furnishes  the  reason 
why,  in  a  general  way,  it  is  the  best  stock  for  light  soils, 
simply  because  the  roots  in  dry,  hot  weather  are  out  of 
harm's  way  ;  but  unfortunately  also  their  depth  excludes 
them  from  the  benefit  they  would  derive  at  certain  sea- 
sons were  they  within  reach  of  sun  and  air,  and  this  fact 
gives  the  clue  as  to  the  lack  of  colour  and  size  that  is 
sometimes  so  marked,  between  the  fruit  grown  on  the 
Pear  and  of  the  same  variety  grown  on  the  Quince. 

"  In  a  season  like  the  present  the  differing  conditions 
may  be  less  marked,  for  the  Pear  stock  will,  this 
droughty  season,  have  the  advantage,  though  in  cases 
where  abundant  surface  mulchings  and  waterings  have 
been  given,  the  fruit  from  the  Quince  stock  may  be 
expected  to  be  finer  than  ever  ;  and  here  I  may  as  well 
confess  that  my  leanings  are  all  in  favour  of  the  Quince 
stock  ;  indeed,  given  certain  conditions  as  to  labour, 
manure,  and  renewal  of  exhausted  plantations,  and  the 
Pear  stock  would  be  nowhere ;  but  (we  gardeners 
are  terribly  handicapped  with  '  buts  ')  the  attaining  of 
frcah  sets  of  trees,  at  intervals  of  from  four  to  six  years 
is  not  an  easy  matter,  or  if  it  is,  sufficient  ground  is 
probably  not  at  command  for  growing  two  sets,  not  to 
mention  the  additional  labour  involved,  besides  the 
extra  manure,  particularly  as  surface  mulchings,  that 
trees  on  the  Quince  require,  if  the  fruit  is  to  be  of  the 
first  order.  Of  course,  it  is  possible  so  to  n.anipulate 
natural  soils  as  to  make  them  suitable  for  either  stock, 
but  for  the  most  part  it  is  so  expensive  a  procedure  that 
it  is  better  to  keep  to  the  general  lines  of  growing  Pears 
in  very  light  soils  on  their  natural  stocks,  and  in  heavy 
(not  undrained  clay  soils  though)  on  the  Quince. 

"  We  have  a  quantity  on  this  last  stock,  and  when 
preparing  the  soil  for  them,  all  the  heavy  soil  we  could 
get — which  was  not  much — we  mixed  with  the  light,  and 
added  as  manure  a  small  percentage  ot  ^-inch  bones, 
and  wood  ashes.  Potabh,  which,  for  light  soils,  is  an 
invaluable  ingredient  for  the  retention  of  moisture  (for 
which  purpose  we  use  it,  rather  than  as  manure),  and.  by 
way  of  subsUtution  for  lack  of  tenacious  soil  the  whole 
was  well  pounded,  both  before  and  after  the  trees  were 
planted.  Though  1  have  had  butslight  experience  of  heavy 
soils  it  has  been  ample  enough  to  enable  me  to  say  that 
by  the  addition  of  abundance  of  opening  material,  such 
as  mortar  rubble,  oyster  shells,  small  pieces  of  brick, 
burnt  earth,  and  charcoal,  a  soil  in  every  way  suitable 
for  Pears  on  the  Quince  may  be  made  by  any  that  are 
desirous  of  thus  growing  them. 

"  Now,  as  to  manures  and  time  of  applying  the  same  : 
none  whatever  other  than  that  in  the  ingredients  just 
mentioned^if  any  but  the  bones  can  be  so  designated — 
should  ever  be  used  directly  with  the  soil,  but  always  as 
top-dressings,  or  what,  in  gardening  parlance,  are  styled 
mulchings.  The  best  time  tq apply  them  is  always — i.e., 
fuU-beanng  trees  should  never  bi  without  them,  but 
renewal  of  them  is  another  matter.  There  are  certain 
stages  of  growth  where  additional  help  is  doubly  valu- 
able, and  the  most  important  of  all  is  immediately  after 
the  fruit  has  set  and  begun  to  swell  :  then  it  is  that  fresh 
mulchings  should  be  applied,  and  be  again  renewed  early 
in  July,  and  supplemented  by  three  or  four  waterings 
with  liquid  manure,  or,  in  lieu  thereof,  over  the  mulch- 
ings may  be  sprinkled  soot,  guano,  Beeson's  manure. 
Clay's  manure,  or  some  other  good  feruliser  ;  and  in  the 
absence  of  rain  they  should  at  once  be  washed  in  by 
watering  over  them.  Too  much  stress  can  scarcely  be 
Idid  on  tht  importance  of  giving  some  one  or  other  kind 
of  manurial  dressing  durinjj  the  early  stages  of  the 
swelling  of  the  fruit— their  eff:;ct  is  then  most  marked  ; 
whereas,  if  delayed  till  the  fruit  is  nearly  full  grown, 
such  dressings  are  all  but  useless.  The  veriest  novice 
will  understand  the  necessity  of  discernment  in  respect 
of  certain  trees  between  proper  feeding  and  excess. 
The  other  part  of  my  subject  must  be  deferred  to  a 
future  issue." 


The   Royal  Horticultural  Society. — 

If  the  show  in  the  conservatory  on  Tuesday  last  was 
not  50  attractive  as  some  that  have  preceded  il,  it  had 
at  least  the  beauty  attaching  to  appropriateness  and 
utility.  The  main  feature  of  the  display  consisted  in 
the  competitions  for  the  cottagers'  and  artisans'  show 
of  fruit  and  vegetables.  We  have  heard  the  Society 
blamed  for  catering  for  the  luxuries  of  ihe  rich  and 
ignoring  the  necessities  of  the  poor.     This  is  not  fair. 


The  Society  has  its  own  coffers  to  look  to,  and  must 
be  just  before  it  is  generous,  but  Tuesday's  show  is  a 
proof  that  the  interests  of  the  poorer  classes  are 
studied  as  well  as  of  those  blessed  with  a  larger  share 
of  goods.  The  collections  of  vegetables  reported  on  in 
another  column  were  generally  excellent.  We 
might  suggest  to  the  Council  the  desirability  of 
supplementing  the  money  prizes  by  seeds,  plants, 
and  grafts  in  due  season,  of  the  sorts  known  to  be  best 
adapted  to  particular  localities.  The  diffusion  of  good 
sorts,  with  instructions  for  cultivation,  would  be  more 
useful  than  prizes  of  ioj.  downwards  to  25.  dd.  In 
addition  there  were  interesting  collections  of  fruit,  and 
a  miscellaneous  lot  of  things  were  brought  before  the 
Floral  Committee,  including  the  singular  /Eranthus 
Leonis,  two  beautiful  Lcelias,  one  a  hybrid — L.  Se- 
denix.  with  rosy-Iilac  segments,  and  a  very  deep 
magenta  lip,  white  on  the  under-surface  ;  the  other 
an  imported  plant — L:?elia  elegans  Littleana,  a  fine 
variety,  in  which  the  segments  were  of  a  dull  pink  or 
puce  colour,  the  lip  rich  magenta,  with  the  under- 
side clear  white.  Four  flowers  were  open  for  the  first 
time  on  August  24.  The  curious  Aganisia  ccetulea, 
with  pale  blue  hooded  flowers,  and  a  reddish  lip,  was 
also  shown,  and  secured  the  appropriate  award  of  a 
Botanical  Certificate.  A  hybrid  Gastronema,  raised 
between  Vallota  purpurea  and  Gastronema  lanugiao- 
sum,  was  interesting  ;  but,  apart  from  its  interest, 
scarcely  so  noteworthy  as  its  parent.  The  flowers  are 
broadly  trumpet-shaped,  pale  orange-pink  in  colour. 

The  following  has  been  forwarded  to  us  for 

publication  within  the  last  few  days  : — At  the  general 
meetingof  the  Society  on  July  28,  the  following  persons 
were,  on  the  nomination  of  the  Council,  elected  : — 

Honorary  Members. 

Edmond  Boissier,  Geneva. 

Professor  Asa  Gray,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

Lieutenant-General  H.  E.  de  Greig,  President  of  the 
Imperial  Society  of  Horticulture,  St.  Petersburg. 

George  King,  M.B.,  F.L.S.,  Superintendent,  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Calcutta. 

Sir  Ferdinand  von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  F.R.S., 
Government  Botanist,  NTelbourne. 

Dr.  Richard  Schoraburgk,  Director  of  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  Adelaide. 

Foreign  Members. 

Lewis  A.  Bernays,  F.  L.S.,  Clerk  to  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  Queensland. 

Professor  Maxime  Cornu,  Director,  Jardin  des  Plantes, 
Paris. 

Count  Oswald  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghera,  Governor 
of  the  Province  of  Hainault,  Mons. 

A.  De  la  Devansaye,  President  of  the  Horticulttiral 
Society  of  Angers  and  Maine  et  Loire. 

Professor  Du  Breuil,  Institute  Nationale  Agronoraique, 
Paris. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Eichler,  Director  of  the  Royal  Botanic 
Gardens,  Berlin. 

O.  Fenzi,  President  of  the  Royal  Ttiscan  Society  of 
Horticulture. 

F.  de  Cannart  d'Hamale,  Malines. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Kerner,  Director  of  the  Imperial  Botanic 
Garden,  Vienna. 

Professor  Peter  Macowan,  B.A.,  F.L.S,,  Director, 
Botanic  Garden,  Cape  Town,  South  Africa. 

Max  Leichtlin,  Baden-Baden. 

Charles  Moore,  F.L.S. ,  Director,  Botanic  Garden, 
Sydney. 

Dr.  Edouard  Morren,  Professor  of  Botany  in  the 
University  of  Liege. 

Professor  C.  S.  Sargent,  Director  of  the  Arnold 
Arboretum,  Brooklyn,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

Henri  L.  de  Vilmorin,  Paris. 

Sereno  Watson,  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium,  Harvard 
University,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

H.  Wendland,  Director  of  the  Botanic  Garden, 
Herrenhausen,  Hanover. 

The  Supply  of  the  Paper. — The  Pub- 
fisher  asks  us  to  request  that  those  subscribers  to  the 
Gardeners^  Chronicle  who  experience  any  difficulty  in 
obtaining  their  copies  regularly,  should  communicate 
at  once  with  him  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

The  "Flora    of    British   India." — The 

twelfth  part  of  the  Flora  of  British  India,  com- 
pleting the  fourth  volume,  has  just  been  issued.  This 
important  instalment  contains  the  remainder  of  the 
Acantbaceae,  and  the  Verbenacese,  monographed  by 
Mr.  C.  B.  Clarke,  while  Sir  Joseph  Hooker, 
the  editor,  himself  contributes  the  description  of  the 
Selaginace.^,  Labiatce,  Plantaginaceae,  Nyctaginacese, 
Ulecsbxaceae,    and    Amarantaceas.      It    will   thus  be 


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August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


273 


seen  that  this  represents  an  important  addition  to 
this  standard  account  of  the  plants  of  British  India. 

PoTATOS. — A  cultivator  of  Bruges,  Antoinf, 

Verhulst,  was,  if  not  the  first  to  grow  the  Potato  in 
Belgium,  the  one,  according  to  the  Revue  de  V Hoili- 
cuUttre  Belgc^  who  first  undertook  its  culture  on  an 
extended  scale.  He  distributed  tubers  to  the  members 
of  the  Brotherhood  of  Gardeners  of  Bruges,  otherwise 
called  the  Confraternity  of  St.  Dorothy.  This  was 
in  1702,  and  in  1740  the  Potato  was  sold  in  abund- 
ance in  the  Bruges  markets.  In  France  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Potato  into  general  use  as  an  article  of 
diet  dates  from  17S5,  when  Parmentier,  who  had 
been  encouraged  by  the  King,  Louis  XVI..  offered 
his  Majesty  at  the  Tuilleries  a  bouquet  of  Potato 
flowers  on  August  25,  17S5.  The  King  placed  one 
of  the  flowers  in  his  button-hole,  caused  the  Potatos 
to  be  served  at  his  table,  and  warmly  congratulated 
Parmentier.  In  this  way  the  prejudice  against  the 
tuber  was  ultimately  dispelled,  and  now  Parmentier 
is  to  have  a  statue. 


The  Pvracantha  as  a  Hedge  Plant. — 

This  plant  may  be  recommended  as  forming  an  im- 
impenetrable  hedge.  It  grows  rapidly,  is  indifferent 
to  soil,  and  in  most  seasons  bears  a  profusion  of 
berries,  which  give  it  a  handsome  appearance,  and  by 
means  of  which  it  can  be  reproduced. 

Tigridia  grandiflora  alba. — The  species 

of  this  American  genus  are  few,  but  popular  favour 
is  almost  or  quite  confined  to  T.  grandiflora  and 
its  varieties.  This  is  easily  accounted  for  by  its 
being  by  far  the  largest  flowered  member  of  the 
group.  The  so-called  white  variety  is  peculiarly 
handsome,  and,  forms  a  striking  contrast  to  the  type. 
The  ground  colour  is  indeed  pure  white,  but  the 
interior  of  the  broad  saucer-shaped  base  is  heavily 
maculated  by  large  crimson  spots.  The  effect  of  this, 
combined  with  the  huge  dimensions  of  the  flower, 
may  be  more  easily  imagined  than  described.  It  is 
rather  disappointing  that  the  duration  of  the  flowers 
is  so  ephemeral ;  this,  however,  is  partly  compen- 
sated by  several  flowers  being  produced  in  succession 


Fig.  60.— cones  and  male  spikes  of  athrotaxis  cupressoides.     (see  p.  270.) 


Cones.  —  We  have  lately  received  from  Mr. 

A.  D.  Webster  cones  of  Abies  (Picea)  grandis,  of  a 
dull  olive-green  colour.  We  do  not  remember  to 
have  heard  of  this  tree  coning  in  the  country  before. 
In  the  grounds  of  the  Cranston  Company  at  Here- 
ford we  hear  that  A.  magnifica  is  producing  cones, 
while  Mr.  George  Paul  tells  us  that  A.  concolor  is 
to  be  seen  in  cone  at  High  Beach.  Pinus  macro- 
carpa  is  in  cone  at  Bayfordbury,  as  mentioned  some 
time  since.  These  are  fortunate  occurrences,  not  only 
that  they  add  to  the  beauty  and  interest  of  our  planta- 
tions, and  furnish  means  of  increasing  our  supply  by 
seed,  but  also  because  they  enable  us  in  some  cases  to 
throttle  the  confusion  that  was  inevitable  in  olden 
time,  and  in  some  measure  to  do  away  with,  or  bring 
into  order,  the  complicated  synonymy  that  has  arisen. 

Araucaria  imbricata. — The  Times  ought 

to  have  a  horticultural  editor,  and  a  geO|;raphi:al 
"sub."  In  mid-silly  season  it  has  been  entertaining 
its  readers  by  recording  a  Chilian  tree  as  tropical,  and 
publishing  the  production  of  cones  on  Araucaria 
imbricata  almost  as  if  it  were  an  unheard  of  phe- 
nomenon. 


from  the  same  spathe.  A  fine  clump  of  bulbs  has 
been  flowering  freely  in  a  border  at  Kew  along  with 
a  large  collection  of  Cape  bulbs,  with  which  it  asso- 
ciates very  well,  although  a  native  of  Mexico.  T. 
grandiflora  is  synonymous  with  T.  Pavonia,  and 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  532. 

Floriculture  in  the  City.— Dogberry, 

in  the  City  Press,  describes  a  visit  to  the  roof  of  the 
hall  of  the  Armourers  and  Braziers'  Company,  in 
Coleman  Street,  where  the  unexpected  sight  of  a  well- 
kept  miniature  garden  of  no  mean  order  repaid  his 
curiosity.  Here  in  the  open  air  were  cultivated  the 
sweet-scented  Heliotrope,  Lobelia,  Calceolaria, 
Nasturtium,  boxes  of  Mignonette  in  full  bloom, 
Pelargoniums  of  varied  hues,  with  Tobacco  plants  in 
bloom.  In  a  small  conservatory  were  Cucumbers 
ready  for  the  knife,  and  many  specimens  of  choice 
Ferns.  Such  a  garden  shows  what  can  be  done  with 
energy  in  this  direction  even  in  the  City. 

The  Tomato. — Tomatos  are  grown  exclu- 
sively for  their  fruits,  and  compared  with  some  other 
plants  they  are  young  in  cultivation,  that  is,  they  have 


not  been  subjected  for  ages  to  the  selective  agency  of 
man.  Hence  we  might  expect  to  find  considerable 
variation  in  the  fruit,  as  in  truth  we  do,  but  fewer 
variations  in  the  other  parts  of  the  plant. 
Thus  in  the  series  of  varieties  grown  at  Chiswick 
the  calyx  is  alike  in  all  cases,  though  the  foliage  is 
diSerent— the  leaflets  in  "Chiswick  Red,"  for  instance, 
being  distinctly  stalked— and  the  inflorescence,  cymose 
in  all  cases,  forms  two  distinct  types,  one  in  which  it 
is  spreading,  the  other  in  which  the  flowers  are 
arranged  in  long  zig-zag  racemes.  The  latter  type 
would  seem  to  be  preferable  for  cultural  purposes. 
The  principal  differences,  omitting  those  of  purely 
botanical  interest,  may  be  thus  marked  :  — 

Fruits  Red. 

(smooth        ..  e.^.,  Tropliy 
Globos-      ..^ribbed  ..     „      Large  Red 

(proliferous..     ..      Turk's  Cap 
Pear-shaped ,,       Fig  Tomato 


Globose  ,      Green  Gage 

In  addition,  account  must  be  taken  of  the  early  or 
late  ripening,  the  abundance  or  paucity  of  fruit,  the 
size  of  the  berries,  which  varies  from  the  size  of  a 
Currant,  as  in  the  Red  Currant  Tomato,  to  that  of  a 
medium-sized  Applj.  In  the  proliferous  forms  a 
second  row  of  carpels  is  formed  within  and  above  the 
first,  so  that  the  ripe  fruit  is  in  two  storeys,  upper  and 
lower, 

Catalogue  of  Rose  Species.— Mr.  Baker 

asks  us  to  insert  the  following,  which  was  accident- 
ally overlooked  in  the  catalogue  at  p.  199  : — 

7.  K.  setigera,  Michaux,  =  R.  rubifolia.  R.  Brown. — 
North  America. 

Preserving    Vegetables   in   France. — 

The  old  saying  that  "  It  is  an  ill  wind  that  blows  no- 
body good  "  is  being  verified  in  France  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Morbihan,  where  the  principal  industry  is 
that  of  preserving  sardines  and  tunny  fish  in  oil, 
there  being  no  less  than  seventy  establishments  on 
the  coast,  employing  20,000  fishermen,  and  over 
10,000  workmen,  consisting  of  the  plate-workers, 
labourers,  and  women  who  preserve  the  fish.  As  is 
well  known,  the  production  of  the  sardine  and 
tunny  fisheries  has  been  decreasing  for  the  last  five 
years,  and  it  is  estimated  that  during  the  present  year 
not  more  than  twenty-five  out  of  the  seventy  work- 
shops will  be  in  operation  owing  to  the  want  of  funds. 
The  catch  of  sardines  on  the  coast  of  Morbihan,  which 
formerly  sufficed  to  provide  on  an  average  of  about 
400,000  cases  of  preserved  fish,  representing  a  value 
of  about  14,000,000  francs  annually,  has  decreased 
of  late  years  to  about  70,000  cases  of  the  value  of 
about  3,000,000  francs.  The  consequence  of  this 
depression  has  been  the  cause  of  stimulating  the  culti- 
vation of  various  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  several 
manufacturers  have  erected  large  works  for  the 
preserving  of  vegetables,  such  as  green  Peas,  French 
Beans,  &c.  This  increased  consumption  of  vege- 
tables has  greatly  benefited  the  farmers  and  culti- 
vators, and  gives  employment  to  a  large  number 
of  women  who  earn  on  an  average  i  fr.  60  c.  per  day. 

PiCEA    ENGELMANNI     AND    P.    PUNGENS, — 

These  two  species  are  very  much  alike,  at  any  rate  in 
the  young  state,  as  seen  in  gardens.  Of  each  there  is 
a  green  form,  and  of  each  a  glaucous  form  with 
intermediate  variations.  The  very  glaucous  form  of 
P.  pungens  is  that  known  in  gardens  as  Parryana 
glauca,  and  it  is  the  handsomest  of  all.  The  young 
shoots  of  P.  Engelmanni  have  greyish  bark,  the  bud- 
scales  form  a  tube  round  the  base  of  the  young  shoot 
and  are  flatfish,  not  recurved  at  the  tips  ;  the  leaves 
are  slender  and  straight,  P.  pungens  has  reddish- 
brown  bark  (on  the  young  shoots),  bud-scales  falling 
off  in  a  little  cup,  each  markedly  reflexed  at  the  tips  ; 
leaves  shorter  than  in  P.  Engelmanni,  stouter,  curved 
like  little  scimitars,  and  with  a  longer  stiffer  point. 
P.  Engelmanni  is  sometimes  called  P.  commutata. 

Bignonia  purpurea, — It  is  a  little  puzzling 

to  account  for  the  paucity  of  representatives  of  this 
large  genus  in  gardens,  seeing  that  their  cultural 
requirements  are  by  no  means  beyond  the  skill  of 
horticulturists  at  large.  Considerably  over  200  species 
are  known  to  science,  although  probably  not  a  third 
of  them  are  in  cultivation  at  the  present  time  in  the 
gardens  of  this  country.  Possibly  one  of  the  chief 
objections  to  the  various  members  of  this  genus  is  the 
amount  of  space  required  in  order  to  get  them  into 


274 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


flowering  condition,  but  this  inconvenience  is  more 
than  counterbalanced  by  the  gorgeous  display  of 
flowers  when  produced.  The  particular  species  under 
notice  is  seldom  seen  in  cultivation,  although  intro- 
duced as  early  as  1S22,  probably  by  LODDIDGES,  of 
Hackney,  by  whom  it  is  named.  A  splendid  speci- 
men trained  up  close  underneath  the  curvilinear  roof 
of  the  Palm-house  at  Kew,  shows  off  its  long,  pen- 
dent, floriferous  branches  in  the  best  possible  manner 
to  visitors  passing  underneath.  The  great  secret  to 
be  kept  in  view  is  to  allow  these  slender  laterals  to 
hang  down,  while  at  the  same  time  due  attention  to 
regulating  the  leading  shoots  is  made.  The  leaves 
are  medium-sized  and  evergreen,  while  the  clear, 
uniformly  purple  flowers  are  borne  in  two  to  five- 
flowered  axillary  cymes,  producing  a  pleasing  and 
attractive  effect. 

— ^  Vegetable  Products  01'  Nice. — Inareport 
from  the  British  Consul  on  the  trade  and  commerce 
of  Nice  lor  the  past  year,  it  is  stated  that  the  Olive 
crop  suffered  considerably  from  the  long  droughts. 
As  the  harvest  commences  in  October,  and  lasts  till 
March,  when  the  drought  is  very  prolonged,  the  Olives 
shrivel  up  and  drop  off  before  coming  to  maturity, 
while  when  suffering  from  drought  they  seem  to  be 
more  easily  alTected  by  the  ravages  of  the  "  keiron  " 
insect.  The  damage  done  to  agriculture  in  this 
department  by  the  wholesale  destruction  of  birds  is 
said  to  be  incalculable.  The  suliject  is  attracting  the 
serious  attention  of  the  local  agricultural  society,  and 
is  also  being  ventilated  from  other  motives  by  the 
Societies  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals  of 
Nice,  Cannes,  and  Mentone,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
their  united  eft'orts  may  lead  to  a  Vjeneficial  change  in 
this  respect.  Another  instance  of  short-sighted  policy 
referred  to  is  the  wholesale  destruction  of  the  forests. 
The  wise  ?'f^i7jVt-;«f«/commencedduringtheEmpirehas 
been  discontinued,  probably  from  motives  of  economy, 
until  the  last  three  years,  and  the  ignorant  mountain 
communes  have  been  growing  rich  on  the  profits  of 
the  destruction  of  their  remaining  timber.  The 
matter  has,  however,  been  taken  up  once  more  by  the 
Government,  and  the  rchoiscmcnt  of  some  districts  is 
now  being  energetically  carried  on.  The  cultivation  of 
flowers  for  perfumery  purposes  and  the  manufacture 
of  perfumery  for  exportation  have  been  carried  on  for 
years  on  this  coast,  but  the  cultivation  of  flowers  for 
direct  exportation  is  an  industry  of  quite  recent 
birth,  and  is  due  to  the  additional  railway  facilities, 
the  accelerated  service,  and  to  the  establishment  of 
the  Parcel  Post.  They  have  led  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Societi  Florala  Company,  who  grow 
their  own  flowers,  and  export  them  to  all  parts  of 
Europe.  The  British  Consul  expresses  himself  as 
being  satisfied  that  this  is  an  industry  which  is  capable 
of  great  development,  and  which  will  well  repay  the 
producer.  What  is  wanted  for  the  local  grower  is  to 
be  put  into  direct  communication  with  the  flower 
shops  of  London  and  Paris. 

Shrewsbury  Horticultural  Exhibi- 
tion.— The  attendance  at  the  recent  Shrewsbury 
Show,  we  understand,  exceeded  any  which  this 
flourishing  Society  has  ever  previously  had.  On  the 
first  day  a  larger  number  were  present  than  on  any 
previous  opening  day  ;  on  the  succeeding  day  some 
22,000  people  entered  by  payment  at  the  gates,  the 
sum  taken  in  shillings  and  sixpences  being  over 
£1074.  To  this  number  must  be  added  10,000,  who 
held  tickets  purchased  before  the  show,  making 
altogether  32,000,  which,  we  suppose,  is  a  larger 
attendance  than  has  ever  before  been  known  at  a 
provincial  horticultural  show  on  one  day. 

Pui.Lic  Improvements  at  Chepstow. — 

Every  person  who  has  visited  Chepstow  this  summer 
nmst  have  been  pleased  with  the  beautiful  garden  which 
Messrs.  Pillinger  &  Co,,  the  local  horticulturists 
and  seedsmen,  have  laid  out  immediately  adjoining 
the  railway  station.  The  triangular  patch  of  ground, 
opposite  to  the  nurseries,  was  until  recently  filled  with 
rank  grass  and  rubbish,  and  occasionally  "  enlivened  " 
by  the  presence  of  a  "Gospel  tent,"  or  a  "threepenny 
theatre  ;  "  and  most  people  were  glad  to  get  past  it 
as  soon  as  possible.  Mr.  Hay,  the  managing  partner 
in  the  firm  of  Pillinger  &  Co.,  has  taken  the 
unpromising  "patch"  in  hand,  and  converted  it 
in  a  short  space  into  a  delight  for  the  eye,  and  a  con- 
tinuous spring  cf  delicious  perfume.  The  show  of 
Roses  a  month  or  two  ago  was  glorious  ;  and  now 
that   the  golden  harvest  lime  has  come   there  is  a 


display  of  other  flowers,  so  nicely  arranged  that  quite 
a  jewel  like  effect  is  produced.  In  the  avenues  sotiK 
pleasing  contrasts  are  caused  by  introducing  the  sil- 
very foliage  of  the  variegated  Maple  amid  the  darker 
shades  of  Irish  Yews  and  deciduous  trees,  while  the 
ground  glows  with  the  bright  colours  of  the  borders 
and  beds  of  Gladioli,  Verbenas,  Pelargoniums,  Petu- 
nias, Calceolarias,  Lobelias,  Nasturtiums,  and  other 
favourites.  Every  one  who  has  seen  the  place  will 
endorse  this  tribute  to  Mr,  Hay. 

"Bulletin    of  the    Royal   Botanical 

Society  of  Belgium."— The  fascicle  for  1SS5  con- 
tains a  list  of  the  Cryptogamic  plants  of  Belgium, 
by  M.  E.  Paques  ;  a  further  instalment  of  M.  Mar- 
chal's  description  of  the  Coprophile  fungi,  with 
illustrations  ;  and  an  elaborate  monograph  of  the  species 
of  the  genus  Thalictrum,  by  M.  J.  C.  Lecoyer. 

Abies   morinda   as   a   Hedge   Plant. — 

This  plant,  though  somewhat  "spring-tender,"  grows 
rapidly  and  in  some  seasons  produces  a  succession  of 
new  growths.  Its  thick-set,  sharply  pointed  leaves 
make  good  shelter. 

Seedling  Dahlia  Prizes.— In  addition  to 

the  Turner  Memorial  Prize  for  Dahlias,  which  is  re- 
presented by  a  handsome  Silver  Cup  value  ten 
guineas,  the  overflowings  of  the  subscription,  which 
was  necessarily  limited  to  Dahlia  fanciers,  have  been 
devoted  to  three  prizes  {^i,  I2j-.  6i.,  and  -Js.  bd.)  for 
the  best  seedlings  exhibited  at  the  Crystal  Palace 
Show  on  September  4  next.  The  prizes  are 
to  be  additional  to  the  Certificates  offered  in  the 
schedule.  The  growers  of  Dahlias  should  note  that 
this  Grand  National  Show  will  soon  be  upon  us. 

Presentation  to  Mr.  James  MacLean.— 

The  name  of  MacLean  is  so  well  known  in  Leicester- 
shire to  the  lovers  of  horticulture,  that  it  is  almost 
superfluous  to  state  that  he  has  for  a  great  number  of 
years  occupied  the  onerous  position  of  head  gardener 
at  Beaumanor  Hall,  near  Loughborough,  which  post, 
in  consequence  of  his  declining  years,  he  is  compelled 
to  vacate.  On  Thursday  evening  last  occasion  was 
taken  of  his  retirement  from  active  service  to  pay 
him  a  well  earned  compliment,  and  at  a  supper  at 
the  "Cherry  Tree"  Inn  the  veteran  was  presented 
by  Mr.  D.  Roberts,  gardener,  Prestwold  Hall,  on 
behalf  of  Mr.  MacLean's  numerous  friends  who 
had  contributed  towards  it,  with  a  gold  watch  and 
chain  and  a  framed  illuminated  address  as  a  small 
token  of  their  respect  for  him.  The  address  bore  the 
names  of  upwards  of  forty  subscribers,  and  was  the 
work  of  Mr.  James  Walkup,  Secretary  of  the 
Loughborough  Horticultural  Society,  in  which  Society, 
as  well  as  in  the  Quorndon  Society,  Mr.  MacLean 
ever  took  a  deep  and  active  interest  both  as  a  member 
of  the  committee  and  a  judge. 

Vegetable  Culture  at  Mobile.— Under 

the  above  head  Mr.  Consul  Cridland  reports 
that  this  industry  has  n'ot  yet  received  the  atten- 
tion or  assumed  the  proportions  which  its  value 
and  importance  should  command.  The  excellent 
water  and  mild  climate  of  the  district  for  eight 
months  of  the  year,  the  average  healthy  condition 
of  the  farm  lands,  and  other  advantages,  clearly 
demonstrate  what  profits  can  be  derived  from  the  in- 
dustry. The  present  small  area  under  cultivation  is 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  city,  and  there  are 
600,000  to  700,000  acres  of  just  such  lands  in  the  country 
of  Mobile  awaiting  cultivation.  An  increased  acreage 
was  planted  in  vegetables  during  the  past  year,  and 
good  ciops  were  realised,  except  in  Cabbages,  which 
were  most  seriously  damaged  by  most  unusual  and 
severe  weather  in  January,  and  a  general  replanting 
was  necessary,  resulting  in  a  very  short  yield  as  com- 
pared with  former  seasons.  The  large  production  of 
Peas,  Beans,  and  Tomatos,  in  a  measure  counter- 
balanced the  partial  loss  of  the  Cabbage  crop.  The 
vegetables  cultivated  consist  besides,  those  mentioned, 
of  Potatos,  Turnips,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  Water 
Melons,  &c.,  the  total  value  of  which  amounted  in 
1884  to  over  178,532  dols. 

Gardening    Appointments.  —  Mr.    A. 

Stevens,  of  Moor  Park  Gardens,  Farnham,  Surrey, 
has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  G.  Tolhurst,  Esq., 
Northfleet  House,  Northfleet,  Gravesend,  Kent.— 
Mr.  A.  Greaves,  late  Foreman  at  Brantingham 
Thorpe,  as  Gardener  to  A.  K.  Rollitt,  Esq., 
Thwaite  House,  Cottingham,  Hull. 


j-|0|VIE     jI50RRE3P0J^DEJ^CE. 


Tribulus  platypteris  as  a  Poison.  —  A5  it 
seems  not  to  be  known  that  any  species  of  Tribulus 
have  poisonous  t  fleets,  it  may  be  worthy  of  notice 
that  Mr.  Henry  Cooke  informs  me  of  poison  cases  on 
his  sheep-run  at  the  Ashburton  River,  ascribed  to  this 
plant.  This  gentleman  writes  as  follows  :— "  I  have 
sheep  constantly  dying  in  the  neighbourhood  where  it 
is  growing.  It  will  kill  pigeons,  as  the  natives  in 
their  wild  state  steep  the  bark  in  water  and  lay  it 
close  to  springs  ;  the  birds  then  come  and  drink  out 
of  the  yandus  that  hold  the  water,  and  die.  It  also 
stupefies  or  kills  fish,  so  that  the  natives  can  get 
them."  As  other  Zygophyleoe,  at  least  some  Zygo- 
phyliums,  have  proved  poisonous  to  pastoral  animals 
both  in  South  Africa  and  various  places  in  Australia, 
we  can  hardly  doubt  that  species  of  Tribulus  are 
deleterious  also.  To  overcome  this  difficulty  in 
North-Western  Australia,  I  have  sent  seeds  of  the 
Teosinte,  which  giant  grass  I  first  introduced  into  the 
Australian  colonies  and  Polynesia,  and  which  on  the 
Ashburton  River  would  thrive  to  perfection,  so  as  to 
soon  overpower  the  Tribulus.  Ferd,  von  Mueller. 

Pear  Congress. — I  hope  something  will  at  least 
be  attempted  at  the  forthcoming  Pear  Congress  to 
classify  the  good  varieties  by  their  flavour.  It  is  a 
point  which  I  have  again  and  again  urged  on  the 
attention  of  pomological  authorities,  but  hitherto 
they  have  not  responded  to  any  useful  extent.  Every 
one  who  eats  Pears  knows  that  as  regards  flavour 
they  include  several  very  distinct  types — not  the 
variations  arising  from  good  or  bad  soil,  good  or  bad 
seasons,  or  good  or  bad  situations,  but  intrinsic 
differences  of  a  most  marked  character,  of  which  the 
musky  lusciousness  of  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  and 
the  honied  sweetness  of  Seckel  are  familiar  instances, 
and  others  with  the  Almond,  the  Pear,  and  the 
Noyeau  flavour  are  not  far  to  seek.  Those  who  are 
about  to  plant  or  to  regraft  their  trees  would  find 
such  a  classification  extremely  useful,  and  I  cannot 
understand — obtuse  though  I  may  be— that  there  is 
any  great  difficulty  in  making  it.    T.  Moore. 

Gloxinias  at  Rangemore. — One  of  the  most 
pleasing  sights  may  be  seen  at  the  present  time  at 
Rangemore,  Burton-on-Trent,  the  seat  of  Sir  Arthur 
Bass.  Mr.  Bennett,  the  energetic  head  gardener,  has 
a  splendid  collection  of  well  grown  Gloxinias.  In- 
stead of,  as  is  usually  the  case,  cramming  together  these 
useful  and  showy  plants,  he  has  arranged  in  a  span- 
roofed  house  a  quantity  of  Adiantum  cuneatum,  and 
dotted  here  'and  there  Gloxinias  in  bloom  amongst 
them.  On  the  roof  the  house  is  a  white  Lapageria  in 
full  bloom,  covering  one  half,  and  a  red  Lapageria 
covering  the  other  half :  the  effect  produced  is  most 
chaste  and  novel.  The  Grapes  this  season  at  Range- 
more  are  a  sight  :  Mr.  Bennett  has  especially  in  a 
house  60  feet  long  and  15  feet  wide,  a  splendid  lot  o{ 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  the  bunches  and  berries 
unusually  large  and  good.  It  is  not  often,  if  ever,  that 
such  a  house  of  Muscat  has  been  seen  in  any  part  of 
the  country.  H.  E.  C,  Highgate. 

Dahlias. — Dahlia  shows  are  now  taking  place  in 
many  parts  of  the  country  :  that  is  to  say,  flower 
shows  are  taking  place  in  which  are  to  be  found 
classes  for  Dahlias.  The  annual  exhibition  of  this 
fine  flower  takes  place  on  September  4  and  5  ;  but 
having  regard  to  the  character  of  the  season, 
it  can  scarely  be  expected  that  so  fine  a  display  as 
that  which  was  seen  last  year  will  be  forthcoming  at 
the  Crystal  Palace  on  the  above  date.  The  season 
has  sorely  tried  the  plants  owing  to  the  prolonged 
drought  ;  but  little  rain  comparatively  has  fallen 
during  the  past  six  or  seven  weeks,  while  the  Dahlia 
being  a  vigorous  growing  succulent  plant,  requires 
plenty  of  moisture  at  the  roots,  as  well  as  overhead. 
When  looking  through  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co. 'sat  Salisbury,  I  noticed  that,  for  want  of  rain, 
the  Dahlia  ground  had  not  been  mulched  as  usual ; 
heaps  of  manure  were  lying  by  the  side  of  the  quarters, 
but  the  rain  which  was  needed  to  thoroughly  saturate 
the  soil  had  not  fallen,  and  the  plants  were  kept 
growing  only  by  means  of  copious  waterings  overhead 
and  at  the  roots  daily.  Other  growers  are  in  a  like 
predicament,  and  the  earwig,  and  especially  the  black- 
fly  have  infested  and  disfigured  the  blooms.  On  the 
whole,  the  flowers  in  not  a  few  instances,  and  especially 


August  29,   iS 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


275 


in  the  case  of  those  amateurs  who  cannot  give  much 
close  attention  to  their  plants,  must  be  small.  Those 
who  grow  Dahlia  blooms  for  exhibition  need  to  watch 
closely  the  opening  buds,  and  the  instant  they  detect 
any  defect  in  the  opening  flowers,  they  should  be 
removed.  Every  flower  that  opens  weakens  the 
plants,  except  in  the  case  of  some  few  varieties  that 
may  be  allowed  to  carry  a  good  quantity  of  blooms  to 
ensure  iome  free  from  coarseness.  But  the  grower 
for  exhibition  will  not  allow  a  single  flower  to  remain 
on  the  plants  if  they  are  not  likely  to  be  of  service  to 
him.  There  is  urgent  necessity  for  as  constantly 
hunting  after  vermin.  I  have  already  stated  they 
are  unusually  plentiful  this  season.  A  single  earwig 
can  soon  destroy  a  promising  bloom  by  nibbling  some 
of  the  petals.  The  black-fly  is  infesting  the  flowers 
to  a  remarkable  degree  ;  it  is  an  unwelcome  visitant, 
difficult  to  get  rid  of.  In  the  case  of  all  delicately 
tipped  flowers,  close  shading  is  necessary.  A  few 
days  since  I  saw  a  bloom  of  Lady  Golightly  that 
was  exquisitely  pure  and  delicately  tipped,  but  it  must 
have  been  closely  shaded.  Lastly,  copious  supplies 
of  water  are  necessary,  so  long  as  the  weather  keeps 
dry.   A'. 

Tomato  Culture. — Tomatos  are  cultivated  by 
Mr.  Vallance  in  the  Tresco  Abbey  Gardens  in  a 
manner  which  will  be  new  to  a  number  of  your 
readers.  The  first  consignments  of  new  Potatos  to 
English  markets  are  grown  in  frames.  By  the  middle 
of  April  the  long  lines  of  frames  stand  empty.  The 
same  soil  used  for  the  Potatos  is  levelled  and  planted 
with  Tomatos,  the  plants  having  been  reared  from 
seed  sown  in  pans  in  the  preceding  January  and 
potted  off  singly  when  old  enough.  No  fresh  manure 
is  added,  the  intermixture  previous  to  the  planting  of 
the  Potatos  being  deemed  sufficient.  The  fertilising 
matter  then  introduced  into  the  soil  is  taken  from  a  pile 
composed  of  seaweed  and  farmyard  imnure.  To 
this  is  added  a  quantity  of  artificial  manure  in  the 
proportion  of  14  cwt.  to  the  acre-  This  latter  admix- 
ture consists  of  8  cwt.  of  guano,  4  of  bonedust,  and 
2  of  superphosphate  of  lime.  Two  plants  are  allowed 
to  each  light.  After  planting,  the  treatmeni, 
excepting  bollom-heat,  almost  identically  corresponds 
to  that  of  Cucumbers.  To  keep  the  fruit  clean  a 
matting  of  reeds  is  spread  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  The  all-important  items  of  ventilation  and 
watering  are  strictly  attended  to.  Air  is  given 
directly  the  men  come  to  work,  /  t'. ,  between  six  and 
half-past  ;  and  if  the  day  turns  out  hot,  the  lights  are 
lifted  off.  At  four  a  copious  watering  is  given,  and 
the  lights  replaced,  so  as  to  shut  in  the  sun-heat.  By 
this  method  of  treatment  ripe  fruit  was  cut  before  the 
end  of  June.  At  the  present  moment  the  plants  are 
as  healthy  as  could  be  wished,  and  the  show  of  Iruit 
enormous.  It  is  needless  to  say  what  a  good  and 
economical  plan  this  is.  Frames  that  have  been  used 
for  forcing  Asparagus  and  Seakale  can  be  turned  with 
little  extra  work  to  the  same  use.  For  small  villa 
gardens  what  could  be  better  ?  If  carefully  managed, 
a  three-light  frame  would  supply  quite  a  sufticient 
quantity.  Growing  Tomatos  in  frames  is  doubtless 
often  adopted,  but  nevertheless  is  not  so  frequent  as 
the  unvarying  success  under  proper  treatment  de- 
mands. In  the  matter  of  manuring  caution  is  neces- 
sary :  a  superfluity  only  induces  foliage,  not  fruit. 
C.  A.  M.  C. 

The  German  Grass  Crops. — Information  re- 
ceived from  the  grass-growing  districts  of  Darmstadt 
show  that  in  the  early  part  of  the  season  there  was  a 
time  of  unfavourable  weather,  which  created  fears 
that  the  crops  would  be  unsatisfactory,  but  a  change 
for  the  better  worked  a  corresponding  improvement 
in  the  outlook,  and  at  present  prices  rule  lower  than 
at  this  period  last  season.  But  a  recent  personal 
inspection  leads  to  the  opinion  that  the  expected  crop 
will  be  smaller  than  was  at  first  supposed.  The  crops 
of  Cocksfoot  in  the  United  States  of  America,  as  well 
as  in  Germany,  have  turned  out  to  be  very  small,  and 
as  the  consumption  of  this  leading  sort  is  now  very 
great  on  account  of  the  Ray-grass  (Lolium  perenne) 
not  being  so  much  used  in  grass  mixture  as  formerly, 
for  the  past  few  seasons  large  supplies  of  Cocksfoot 
came  into  Germany  from  New  Zealand  ;  but  recent 
crops  having  been  light  and  of  poor  quality,  the  im- 
portations now  made  are  scarcely  worth  consideration. 
Next  to  Cocksfoot,  the  grass  most  extensively  used  is 
Meadow  Fescue,  of  which  very  heavy  quantities  are  now 
consumed.  Reports  from  the  United  States  made  men- 
tion of  very  heavy  crops,  but  when  threshed  the  yield 


was  much  less  seed  than  that  expected.  The  crops  in 
(^'■ermany  are  large,  but  scarcely  large  enough  to  supply 
all  demands  should  America  fail  to  export  larger 
quantities  than  last  season.  Hard  and  Sheep's 
Fescues,  Meadow  Foxtail  and  Poas  have  been 
hirvested  in  good  condition.  The  smallest  crop  is 
I'oa  nemoralis,  Poa  trivialis  is  rather  more  plenti- 
ful. It  is  reported  that  large  quantities  of  these  are 
forthcoming  from  the  United  States,  but  they  are  not 
true,  only  Poa  pratensis  being  grown  there.  Small- 
leaved  Sheep's  Fescue islorthcoming  only  in  very  small 
quantities,  and  high  prices  are  demanded  lor  true 
seed.  The  crops  of  Alsike  are  smaller  than  last 
season,  but  qtfality  is  decidedly  satisfactory.  The 
same  is  reported  of  white  Clover;  on  the  other 
hand  red  Clover  is  a  fair  crop,  but  the  samples  are 
poor  in  colour.  Sainfoin  has  been  harvested  in  such 
quantities  and  such  good  quality  that  a  good  deal  will 
this  season  be  available  for  exportation.  D. 

Erucastrum  inodorum.  —  This  new  British 
plant  has  been  found  at  S.iftron  Walden,  Essex,  in 
abundance  this  season.  J.  Clarke,  F.L.S.  [Can  our 
correspondent  oblige  us  with  a  specimen  ?  Ed.] 

Narcissus  poeticus  var.  stellaris. — Some  time 
since  we  were  favoured  by  Mr,  Morse,  of  Epsom, 
with  a  bloom  of  this  variety,  originally  figured  in 
Sweet's  Bri'.ish  flon'cr  Garden,  ser.  ii.,  t.  132,  but 
nearly,  if  not  quite  lost  sight  of  since  that  time.    The 


W)   ^   ^^ 


'■# 


^ 


illustration  (fig.  61)  gives  a  good  idea  of  the  flower, 
which  has  narrow  segments,  a  pale  cup,  and  is  further 
remarkable  for  the  late  period  at  which  it  blooms.  M. 

Rhus  Cotinus. — A  large  clump  of  this  beautiful 
shrub  is  just  now  an  object  of  great  beauty  in  the 
pleasure  grounds  of  the  Bishop's  Palace,  the  Close, 
Salisbury.  Planted  some  years  ago,  it  has  grown 
into  large  dimensions,  and  at  the  present  time  it  is  a 
huge  mass  of  large  panicles  of  a  feathery  infloresence 
of  a  peculiar  reddish  tint  and  very  striking  in  appear- 
ance. R. 

Extraordinary  Crop  of  Filberts,— I  send  you 
a  bunch  of  Nuts  taken  from  one  of  the  trees  in  the 
grounds  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fletcher,  of  Bicker,  Lincoln- 
shire. He  says  that  it  is  not  a  specially  selected  one,  but 
quite  an  average,  and  the  branches  laden  with  fruit. 
The  hunch  referred  to  is  certainly  an  extraordinary 
one,  containing  18  Nuts.  The  reverend  gentleman  is 
to  be  congratulated  upon  his  sucessful  crop.  W,  //.  C 
[The  specimen  suggests  that  the  male  catkin  his 
assumed  femile  dress,  so  numerous  are  the  Nuts, 
Ed.] 

Mildewr  on  Roses, — A  friend  of  mine  had  lately 
to  submit  to  a  surgical  operation  and  used  as  an  anti- 
septic the  last  one  which  has  come  into  use,  viz  ,  a 
solution  of  one-half  in  a  thousand  („,;,J  of  deuto- 
chloride  of  mercury  [sttl'liin,'  corrosif).  When  he 
could  begin  to  move,  he  went  to  his  garden  to  see  the 
Roses  he  is  passionately  fond   of,   and  found  them 


covered  with  mildew.  On  the  principle  of  the  gander 
and  the  goose,  he  sprinkled  them  with  a  very  thin 
spray  of  his  disinfectant  and  cured  them  perfectly. 
I  have  not  got  the  blight  and  cannot  try  it  actually. 
Win  may  object  to  the  use  of  such  a  potent 
poison  in  careless  hands.  The  best  way  to  pre- 
pare it,  as  it  does  not  dissolve  well  in  water,  is  to 
have  it  in  a  strong  alcoholic  graduated  tincture,  and 
to  dilute  it  with  water  when  wanted  for  use.  Jean 
van  Volxctn. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL:    Aug.   25. 
Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  Mr.  J.  Fraser,  in  the  chair  ;  Messrs, 
M.  T.  Masters,  M.D  ,  G.  F.  Wilson,  Shirley 
Hibberd,  T.  Biioes,  H.  Cannell,  E.  Hill,  H. 
Turner,  F.  R.  Kinghorn,  W.  Wilks,  W.  Bealby, 
J.  Child,  T.  James,  H.  Bennett,  G  Duffield,  C, 
Noble,  J.  Dominy,  H.  M.  PoUett,  H.  Williams, 
J.  Hudson,  J.  O'Brien,  A.  Perry. 

The  subjects  brought  before  the  committee  were  some- 
what numerous,  the  most  noteworthy  being  two  splendid 
hybrid  Orchids,  Lceli^'Sedeni  from  Baron  Schroeder's  col- 
lection, and  Loelia  elegans  Littleana  from  that  of  Mr. 
Little. 

Angr«cum  Leonis  was  shown  by  no  less  than  five 
difterent  growers. 

From  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  came  an  inter- 
esting bulbous  plant  of  hybrid  origin  named  Gastronema 
hybrida,  raised  from  G.  sangnineax  Vallotta  purpurea, 
and  a  fine  form  of  Blandfordia  flammea. 

Mr.  W.  Bull  showed  a  good  variety  of  Odontoglossum 
Insleayi  named  splendens.  It  is  an  improvement  upon 
Insleayi  in  all  its  parts,  broader  in  sepals  and  petals,  and 
more  distinctly  marked  on  the  lip.  Three  Caladiums 
were  likewise  sent  from  the  same  establishment,  in  each 
case  the  leaves  were  almost  void  of  chlorophyll ;  C.  Com- 
tesse  de  Maille  with  foliage  suftused  with  rosy-red  midribs 
and  veins  on  a  light  ground,  and  C.  Ibis  Rose  with 
leaves  of  a  salmon  colour,  slightly  edged  with  green 
were  both  distinct  kinds.  Mr.  Bull  also  sent  Aerides 
flavidum  like  A-  suavissimum,  but  not  so  treely  spotted  ; 
and  also  a  good  form  of  Cattleya  crispa,  likewise  Dion 
edule  lanata  with  a  well  developed  tult  of  leaves  (certili- 


ated  i 


Cattleya  majenta  from  Mons.  Linden,  Ghent,  was 
considered  to  be  a  good  variety  of  C.  splendidissima. 

A  cut  spike  of  Stanhopea  inodora  was  shown  by 
Mr.  Little. 

I'rom  G.  F.  Wilson.  Esq.,  came  a  finely  flowered 
pike  of  Lilium  auralum,  with  twenty  blossoms  in  good 
condition  ;  also  L.  tigrinum  splendens  of  very  fine 
colour  and  most  distinctly  spotted— a  good  spike  ;  Lilium 
superbum,  and  a  sport  from  it  called  L.  superbum  rubro- 
striitum  :  the  latter  variety  w.as  requested  to  be  seen 
agam.  Mr.  Wilson  also  showed,  on  the  part  of  Herr 
Leichllin,  a  pretty  form  of  Androsace  lanuginosa  var., 
with  pale  coloured  flowers  and  a  purple  eye,  and  some 
tall  spikes  of  Gentiana  asclepiadea,  and  its  white  variety, 

Messrs.  Veilch  &  Sons  exhibited  three  hybrid  green- 
house Rhododendrons  of  considerable  promise,  R.  Pearl 
toeing  almost  a  pure  white  and  of  good  habit  ;  R,  '1  he 
Dyak.  with  a  fine  truss  and  well  formed  flowers  of  great 
substance,  orange  shaded  with  scarlet  ;  R.  Gloria  Mundi, 
deeper  in  colour  than  R,  Princess  Royal,  and  a  vigorous 
grower.  The  same  firm  again  exhibited  some  distinct 
forms  of  the  hardy  race  of  Gladiolus,  which  will  prove 
valuable  additions  to  our  herbaceous  borders  ;  G-  Masque 
de  Per  is  a  fine  dark  kind,  and  G.  Alsace,  a  pale  yellow, 
with  dark  centre,  being  also  very  distinct.  Some  novel 
varieties  of  Salpiglossis  were  in  the  same  collection,  and 
a  robust  growing  .South  African  Asparagus,  called  A. 
verticillata. 

From  H.J.  Buchan,  Esq.,  Southampton,  came  Aga- 
nisia  coeiulea,  with  one  flower  of  a  pale  slaty-blue  colour 
— a  distinct  species. 

\  new  Eucharis  with  one  spike  and  two  expanded 
flowers  was  shown  (the  exhibitor's  name  did  not  trans- 
pire), supposed  to  be  identical  with  E.  Mastersiana. 

Some  few  new  varieties  of  Dahlia  were  exhibited,  one 
from  Messrs.  Cannell,  of  the  decorative  type,  called  Ger- 
mania  nova,  bids  fair  to  become  a  promising. kind  ;  in 
form  more  compact  than  the  Cactus  Dahlias,  in  colour 
deep  rosy-pink.  Messrs.  Cannell  also  showed  a  fine  box- 
ful of  Mrs.  C.  Hawkins,  a  pleasing  flower  of  the  same 
type,  pale  primrose  in  the  centre,  shading  off  to  a  bulT. 

From  Messrs.  KeUvay  came  some  fine  new  kinds  of 
Gladioli,  with  well  formed  spikes  and  robust  habit,  the 
best  being  Prince  Henry,  light  centre,  shading  off  to 
purplish-crimson  ;  Sir  H,  D.  Wolff,  very  intense  scarlet 
— a  fine  variety  :  Princess  Irene,  rosy-carmine,  and  light 
centre ;  Viscount  Cranbrook,  deep  crimson  ;  Prince 
.Mbert  Victor,  bright  scarlet  ;  and  Princess  Olga,  a  flaked 
rose  on  light  ground. 

FiRST-cLAss   Certificates. 

To  Baron  Schroeder,  for  Lrelia  Sedeni. 

To  Mr.  Little,  for  Laelia  elegans  Littleana. 

To  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  for  Blandfordia 
flammea,  Gastronema  sanguinea  x,  and  Angrxcum 
Leonis. 

To.  W.  Vanner,  Esq  ,  for  Angraecum  Leonis, 

To  C.  Dornian,  Esq.,  for  Angr^cum  Leonis. 

To  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  lor  Angrsecum  Leonis, 

To.  Mr.  W.  Bull,  for  Angrsecum  Leonis. 


276 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


To  Mr.  W.  Bull,  for  Odontoglossum  Insleayi  splen- 
dens. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bull,  lor  Caladium  Comtesse  de  Mailli. 

To  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendron 
Pearl. 

To  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Masque  de 
Fer. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell,  for  decorative  Dahlia  Germania 
nova. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladioli  Prince  Henry, 
Sir  H.  D.  Wolff,  Princess  Olga,  Viscount  Cranbrocli, 
Prince  Albert  Victor,  and  Princess  Irene. 

To  Max  Leichtlin,  Esq.,  for  Androsace  lanuginosa  var. 

To  Messrs.  Rawlings,  for  show  Dahlia  Mr.  Geo. 
Walker. 

Botanical  Certificate. 

To  H.  |.  Buchan,  Esq.,  for  Aganisia  ccenilea. 

Medals  were  awarded  as  follows  : — Silver-gilt  Banksian, 
to  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons  for  a  collection  of  144  spikes 
of  Gladioli,  consisting  of  the  choicest  and  best  varieties 
in  commerce,  being  a  finely  grown  group  that  formed  a 
great  attraction  to  the  show.  The  same  medal  was  also 
awarded  to  Mr.  Ware,  tor  Dahlias  (shows,  fancies, 
pompons,  decorative,  and  single  kinds},  forming  a  most 
varied  assortment  of  clean,  well-developed  blooms ; 
Liliums,  consisting  of  L.  auratum  in  variety,  L.  tigri- 
num,  L.  longiflorum,  and  L.  superbum  ;  herbaceous 
and  bulbous  plants,  prominent  amongst  which  were 
Hyacinthus  candicans,  Gaillardia  grandiflora  in  variety. 
Phlox  (herbaceous),  Statices  (hardy),  very  attractive, 
Harpalium  rigidum,  Tritoma  uvaria,  Pentstemons 
and  Helianthus  in  variety  ;  six  varieties  of  dwarf 
Veronicas  from  New  Zealand,  suitable  for  rockwork, 
and  Zauschneria  californica,  orange-scarlet,  bearing  a 
close  resemblance  at  a  distance  to  a  highly-coloiu-ed 
form  of  Libonia. 

Bronze  Banksian  to  the  New  Plant  and  Bull  Company, 
Colchester,  for  a  varied  assortment  of  Liliums  (including 
some  well  marked  forms  of  L.  aiu^atum),  and  GladioU 
(hybrids  of  G.  Lemoinei). 

Dahlias  (show  and  fancy)  were  shown  in  good  con- 
dition by  Messrs.  Turner  of  Slough,  and  Keynes, 
.Williams  &  Co.,  of  Salisbury  ;  several  promising  seed- 
lings were  included  in  the  collection  from  the  latter  firm, 
of  which  we  shall  hear  more  without  doubt  a  litUe  later 
in  the  season. 

Fruit  Committee. 

Present  :  T.  F.  Rivers,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  Harrison  Weir,  J.  Willard,  J.  Ellam,  J. 
Roberts,  Dr.  Hogg,  W.  Paul,  R.  D.  Blackmore, 
J.  Woodbridge,  G.  T.  Miles,  and  F.  Rutland. 

Mr.  Rivers,  who  showed  a  fine  collection  of  twenty 
dishes  of  fruit,  was  accorded  a  letter  of  thanks.  In  the 
collection,  Pears  Clapp's  Favourite  was  very  good  in 
size  and  colour.  The  Peaches  included  Baltet,  which 
had  been  forced,  and  Rivers'  Crimson  Galande,  grown  in 
a  cold  house.  Plums  formed  by  far  the  largest  division, 
and  were  very  fine  ;  among  them  were  Oullin's  Golden 
Gage,  Prince  of  Louvain,  and  the  small  Cherry  Plum. 
Rivers'  Dryden  Nectarine  was  also  shown. 

From  the  Society's  gardens  at  Chiswick  also  came  a 
collection  of  Plums,  consisting  of  twenty-six  varieties, 
among  which  Damas'  Musque.  a  small  yellow  Plum  ; 
Large  Black  Imperial,  Prince  Engelbert,  Belgi.'in  Purple, 
and  others  were  noticeable  for  their  good  appearance. 

The  Society  also  showed  three  dishes  of  Apples,  in 
which  Lord  Suffield  and  Duchess  of  Oldenburg  were 
well  grown  specimens.  Both  these  exhibits  obtained  a 
Cultural  Commendation. 

Cultural  Commendations  were  also  given  to  G.  F. 
Wilson,  Esq.,  for  Plnm  Transparent  Gage,  which 
had  been  grown  in  a  house.  The  fruits  were  over  more 
than  half  their  surface  red,  only  the  lower  part  retaining 
its  usual  appearance.  The  following  received  the  same 
awards  : — Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  for  three  varieties  of 
Cucumbers ;  Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  for 
three  varieties  of  Pears  ;  and  Mr.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle,  for  three  bunches  of  Buckland  Sweetwater  Grape, 
which  were  very  fine,  weighing  over  4  lb.  each.  A 
Bronze  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded  to  this  exhibit. 

h  Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded  to  Mr.  G.  Bun- 
yard,  Maidstone,  for  a  collection  of  sixty-five  dishes  of 
fruit,  chiefly  Apples,  all  very  well  grown.  Celhni  Pippin 
was  very  large.  Cox's  Orange,  Oslin,  Stirling  Castle, 
Lady  Henniker,  Ecklinville,  Lord  Derby,  Stone's  Apple, 
and  others  were  fine  fruits.  Some  had  been  grown  under 
cover.  The  Pears  in  this  collection  included  Marie 
Louise  d'Uccle,  Triomphe  de  Vienne,  very  large,  and 
Bijou,  which  was  thoroughly  ripe.  Pond's  Seedhng 
Plum  was  well  shown,  and  also  four  varieties  of  nuts. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Cummings,  the  Grange,  Wallington, 
Surrey,  received  a  letter  of  thanks  for  an  exhibit  of 
Plums,  Apples,  and  Pears. 

"  Mrs.  Gladstone  "  Currant,  a  variety  with  large  berries 
and  an  abundant  cropper,  was  shown  by  Mr.  P.  Robert- 
son, Hartrigg  Gardens,  Jedburgh- 


Cottagers'     and     Artisans'     Exhibition     of 
Vegetables   and    Fruits. 

Another  opportunity  offered  to  the  cottagers  and 
artisans  of  the  United  Kingdom  to  exhibit  in  the 
metropolis  the  best  of  their  fruit  and  vegetable  pro- 
ducts has  now  been  afforded,  and  in  a  highly  satis- 
factory manner  to  all  those  concerned  in  the  arrange- 
ments. 

In  some  classes  the  exhibits,  in  point  of  number, 
far  exceeded  those  of  last  year,  whilst  in  otheis,  par- 
ticularly in  the  Potato  classes,  a  slight  falling  off  was 


visible,  doubtless  owine;  to  the  dryness  of  the 
season — this  crop  at  certain  places  being  maleiially 
affected  by  a  diminished  yield.  It  is  scarcely  saying 
too  much  to  affirm  that  finer  samples  o(  some  kinds 
of  vegetables  could  hardly  be  found,  even  in  the  col- 
lections from  the  most  noted  growers  ;  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped,  for  the  credit  sake  of  those  most  interested, 
that  the  produce  is  the  result  of  their  own  labour 
and  attention  in  the  way  of  cultivation.  In  looking 
over  the  awards  the  historic  county  of  Buckingham  is 
seen  to  take  the  foremost  position  this  year,  no  fewer 
than  twenty  prizes  out  of  a  total  of  ninety-four  which 
were  offered  falling  to  the  lot  of  residents  in  this 
county,  and  among  these  was  from  the  premier  prize 
in  the  show,  for  six  dishes  o(  distinct  kinds  of  vege- 
tables, which,  in  a  competition  of  thirty-three  lots, 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  A.  Beckett,  of  Tyler's  Green,  near 
High  Wycombe,  Bucks.  Small  collections  of  fruits  or 
vegetables  in  general  were  well  and  keenly  contested, 
and  on  this  occasion  the  task  of  the  judges  was  some- 
what an  onerous  duty,  the  judges  having  to  resort 
even  to  half-points  to  determine  the  final  issue. 

Class  r.  Collection  of  six  distinct  kinds  of  vegetables. 
In  this,  the  premier  class  in  the  show,  a  marvellous  dis- 
play was  made,  occupying  more  than  a  fourth  of  the  centre 
table,  including  over  thirty  lots,  many  of  which  com- 
prised very  fine  individual  dishes  of  different  subjects  and 
iavourably  comparable  with  the  same  subjects  that  are  to 
be  seen  in  the  collections  of  most  eminent  gardeners. 
After  much  discrimination  the  ist  prize  was  given  to 
Mr.  A  Beckett's  collection'  from  Penn,  near  High 
Wycombe,  Bucks.  His  dishes  consisted  of  fine  Giant 
Rocca  Onions,  excellent  Long  Red  Carrots,  good 
Cauliflower,  Veitch's  Autumn  Giant.Scarlet  Runner  Btans, 
Excelsior  Tomatos,  and  a  superb  dish  of  Woodstock 
Kidney  Potatos.  Mr.  G.  North.  Mitre  Street,  Buck- 
ingham, was  a  good  2d  with  fine  Carrots,  &c.  Mr. 
W.  Cooper,  Rose  Cottage,  Shrivenham.  Berks,  was 
3d  ;  this  lot  included  the  best  dish  of  Giant  Rocca 
Onions  in  the  show.  Mr.  |.  S.  Pallelt,  50,  Russell  Street, 
Loughborough,  came  in  4th,  having  excellent  Cauli- 
flowers and  good  Intermediate  Carrots  ;  the  5lh  and 
6th  prizes  going  to  Mr.  B.  Gillam  and  Mr.  J.  Kite,  both 
of  Sherborne,  Dorset,  in  the  order  named.  In  addition 
to  these  prizes  four  other  exhibitors  had  Commendatory 
Cards  for  their  collections. 

Class  2.  Potatos,  three  varieties,  round,  nine  tubers  of 
each.— Twenty-seven  lots  were  staged  in  this  class,  most 
of  them  of  good  quahty.  Mr.  G.  North,  Buckingham, 
took  the  first  prize  with  nice  even  dishes  of  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  Sutton's  Giant  King,  and  .Adirondack  ;  Mr.  G. 
Beckett,  Penn,  coming  2d,  with  Reading  Russet,  Rad- 
stock  Beauty,  and  Vicar  of  Laleham.  somewhat  smaller  ; 
3d,  Mr.  G.  Castle,  Nettlestead.  Kent;  4th,  Mr.  R. 
Hall,  Dartford  ;  and  sth,  H.  Gibbs,  Sevenoaks. 

Class  3.  Potatos,  three  varieties,  kidney,  nine  tubers 
of  each. — Out  of  twenty-one  exhibitors  Mr.  H.  Gibbs, 
Sevenoaks,  won  the  rst  prize  with  good  dishes  of  Beauty 
of  Hebron,  Essex  Challenge,  and  Trophy ;  the  2d 
award  fell  to  Mr.  J.  Divers,  Petworth,  with  three  very 
even  white  kinds  ;  3d,  Mr.  S.  North,  Buckingham  ;  4th, 
J.  Willard,  Eynsford  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Conway's  exhibit  was 
Commended. 

Class  4.  One  variety,  of  nine  tubers,  round. — Mr.  J. 
Diver,  Petworth,  took  1st  with  a  fine  dish  of  red, 
unnamed  ;  .Mr.  J.  Munn,  2d,  with  Reading  Russet  ; 
3d,  Mr.  S.  Cronk,  with  a  good  dish  of  Schoolmaster  ; 
4th,  Mr.  J.  Fasham  ;  and  to  Mr.  Wm.  Dredge  was 
awarded  a  Commendation  for  his  Vicar  of  Laleham. 

Class  5.  One  variety  kidney,  nine  tubers. — ist,  Mr. 
Diver,  Pefvorth  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ixall,  Dartford  ;  3d,  Mr. 
North,  Buckingham ;  4th,  Mr.  Davey,  Walton  Place, 
Aylesbury. 

In  looking  over  the  varieties  in  the  foregoing  classes, 
the  suitableness  and  popularity  of  some  kinds  were  mani- 
fest, as,  for  instance,  in  Class  2,  which  contained  eighty- 
one  dishes  of  Potatos,  no  fewer  than  twentyof  these  were 
Vicar  of  Laleham  and  thirteen  of  Reading  Russet. 
Again,  in  Class  4,  for  single  dishes,  thirty-seven  lots, 
there  were  eleven  dishes  of  each  sort.  Vicar  of  Laleham 
and  Reading  Russet. 

Class  6.  Peas,  two  varieties,  fifty  pods  each.— A  weak 
class,  ist,  Mr.  Burrows,  Lutterworth  ;  2d,  Mr.  Jacob, 
Petworth  ;  3d,  Mr.  Cooper,  Shrivenham ;  4th,  Mr. 
Diver,  Petworth. 

Class  7.  Peas,  one  variety,  fifty  pods. — Mr.  Burrows 
was  ist  ;  Mr.  Monroe,  Dingwall,  2d  ;  Mr.  Harris,  Bra- 
denham,  3d  ;  Mr.  Kite,  Sherborne,  4th. 

Clas.  8.  Onions,  twelve. — This  class  contained  some 
remarkable  specimens  :  Mr.  T.  J.  Pallett,  Loughborough, 
took  ist,  with  Giant  Rocca,  fine  ;  Mr.  T.  Nunn,  M.alden. 
2d,  with  Giant  Rocca,  fine  ;  Mr.  W.  Cooper,  Shriven- 
ham, 3d,  with  Improved  Reading  ;  4th,  Mr.  G.  Hacker, 
Coleshill,  with  Improved  Reading. 

Class  9.  Cabbages,  three. — There  were  mosdyold  and 
very  coarse,  excepting  the  prize  lots  :  Mr.  H.  Gibbs, 
Sevenoaks,  ist.  with  three  very  fine  heads  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Richardson,  Enfield  ;  3d,  Mr.  Peacock,  Hcmel  Hemp- 
stead ;  4th,  Mr.  North,  Buckingham. 

Class  10.  Lettuces,  three  heads. — ist,  Mr.  Warren, 
Shrivenham;  2d,  Mr.  D.  Nunn;  3d,  Mr.  ].  Gardner, 
Yalding  ;  4th,  Mr.  Burrows.  Lutterworth. 

Class  II.  Scarlet  Runners,  thirty  pods.— ist,  .Mr.  J.  F. 
Harvey,  Hertford  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Cooper,  Shrivenham  '■ 
3d,  Mr.  Neale,  Great  Brickhill,  Bucks  ;  4th,  Mr.  Kite' 
Sherborne. 

Class  12.  Kidney  Beans,  Uiirty  pods. — All  the  prizes 
in  this  class  were  secured  by  that  fine  variety,  Canadian 
Wonder.  ist,  Mr.  G.  Kirkland,  Bletchington  ;  2d, 
Mr.  H.  Matthews,  Brockham  ;  3d,  Mr.  Burrows,  Lut- 
terworth ;  4th,  Mr.  Kile.  Sherborne. 
Class   13.    Broad  or  Longpod  Beans,  thirty  pods, — 


Weakest  class  in  the  show,  ist,  Mr.  D.  Munroe,  Ding- 
wall ;  2d,  Mr.  S.  Sjunders,  Sherborne  ;  3d,  Mr.  G. 
Hacker,  Coleshill  ;  4th,  Mr.  W.  Dredge,  Shenley. 

Class  14.  Turnips,  six.— ist,  Mr.  J.  Diver,  Petworth  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Gibbs,  Sevenoaks  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Kite,  Sherborne  ; 
4th,  Mr.  T.  J.  Pallett,  Loughborough. 

Class  15.  Carrots,  six.— Prize  dishes  in  this  class  were 
as  near  perfection  as  possible.  Mr.  G.  North,  Bucking- 
ham, took  ist  prize  with  fine  specimens  of  a  beautiful 
colour  ;  Mr.  Kite,  Sherborne,  coming  in  a  close  2d  ; 
and  Mr.  Kirtland,  Bletchington,  and  Mr.  B.  Gillam, 
Sherborne,  taking  3d  and  4th  prizes  respectively. 

Class  16.  Best,  three.— ist,  Mr.  S.  Saunders,  Sher- 
borne :  2d,  Mr.  Warren,  Shrivenham  ;  3rd,  Mr.  Gillam, 
Sherborne:  4th.  Mr.J.  Diver,  Petworth. 

Class  17.  CauUflowers,  three.— Mr.  ].  Diver,  Petworth, 
ist,  with  compact  heads  ;  2d,  .Mr.  T.  J.  Pallett,  Lough- 
borough, with  three  very  large  heads  ;  3d,  Mr.  Beckett, 
Penn  ;  4th,  Mr.  Munroe,  Dingwall,  with  small  compact 
heads. 

Class  18.  Cucumber,  one. — Mr.  Beckett  took  ist 
honours,  with  a  good  example  of  Tender  and  True  ; 
Mr.  Dredge,  of  Shenley,  was  2d,  with  Telegraph  ;  Mr. 
G.  Fasham,  3d,  for  the  same  kind  ;  Mr.  S.  Kirtland, 
Sherborne,  4th,  for  a  large  rather  coarse  prickly  variety. 

Class  19.  Vegetable  Marrows,  two. — .A  very  large  class, 
requiring  much  discretion  ;  ultimately  the  ist  prize  went 
to  Mr.  H.  Gibbs,  Sevenoaks  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Kite,  Sher- 
borne ;  3d,  Mr.  Neal,  Ealing  ;  4th,  Mr.  Beckett,  Penn. 

Class  20.  Tomatos,  six.  — Mr.  G.  Kirtland  took  ist 
prize  with  an  even  dish  ;  Mr.  Cave,  Ealing,  2d  ;  Mr. 
White,  High  Wycombe,  3d  ;  and  the  4th  prize  went  to  Mr. 
Beckett,  of  Penn,  for  a  dish  of  Chiswick  Red. 

Class  21.  Herbs,  six  bunches,  distinct  kinds. — Mr. 
Beckett,  Penn,  ist,  with  Parsley,  Sage,  Marjoram,  Mint, 
Thyme,  and  Savory  ;  2d,  Mr.  Nayhorn,  Allington  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Peasey,  Ealing  ;  4th,  Mr.  Peacock,  Hemel  Hemp- 
stead. 

Class  22.  Salad,  four  kinds.— A  fair  class  of  ordinary 
merit,  ist,  Mr.  T.  Wallis,  Maidenhead  ;  2d,  Mr.  S. 
Rutland  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Diver  ;  4th,  Mr.  F.  Beck,  Hemel 
Hempstead. 

Fruit  Classes. 

In  class  23.  for  three  dishes  of  dessert  .Apples,  Mr.  W. 
Jacob,  Petworth,  took  ist,  with  Duchess  ol  Oldenburg, 
Lady  Sudley,  and  Devonshire  Quarrenden  ;  the  first  two 
were  very  good  samples  of  fruit.  2d,  Mr.  T.  J.  Pollett, 
Loughborough,  who  showed  Red  Astrachan  and  Irish 
Peach  in  good  condition.  Mr.J.  Willard.  Eynsford, 
Kent,  was  next ;  and  Mr.  J.  Conway,  of  Boughton 
Monchelsea,  took  4lh. 

In  class  24,  for  three  dishes  of  kitchen  Apples,  Mr. 
Conway  took  ist,  with  Stone's  .Apple  as  his  best.  2d, 
Mr.  I.  Willard,  with  good  specimens  of  Keswick  Cod- 
lin  and  Warner's  King  ;  and  Mr.  T.  J.  Pollett  and  Mr. 
W.  Jacob  took  3d  and  4th  with  fair  fruit. 

Class  25  was  for  one  dish  of  any  sort  of  Apple,  and 
Mr.  G.  Cronk,  Maidstone,  took  the  lead  with  Lord  Suf- 
field. Mr.  Pollett  and  Mr.  Hook,  Chertsey,  both  took 
2d,  with  the  same  variety.  Mr.  Bowers,  Eynsford, 
followed  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Conway  made  the  4th,  all  running 
closely  together. 

For  class  26,  one  dish  of  Gooseberries,  Mr.  J.  Gardner, 
Yalding,  came  out  1st,  with  a  smaU  red  berry  ;  2d  was 
taken  by  Mr.  J.  Kite,  Sherborne,  with  a  yellow  fruit  ; 
and  3d  and  4th  were  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Willard,  and  Mr. 
T.  Munn,  Heybridge,  near  Maldon,  both  with  red 
varieties. 

For  one  dish  of  Currrants,  class  27,  Mr.  W.  Jacob  was 
best,  with  a  dish  of  fine  large  red  Currants  ;  Mr.  W. 
Peasey,  Ealing,  followed  with  some  good  specimens  of  a 
white  variety  ;  3d,  came  Mr.  G.  W.  Kentish,  Bedmont, 
Herts,  with  black  ;  and  Mr.  Bowers  took  the  last  place 
with  a  dish  of  white. 

In  class  28,  for  thirty  Morello  Cherries,  Mr.  W.  Wag- 
horn,  Allington,  Kent,  was  ist,  with  somemagnificent  fruit. 

In  the  class  for  nine  Plums,  Mr.  W.  Newman,  of  Yald- 
ing, Kent,  was  ist,  and  Mr.  J.  F.  Dobson,  West  Wy- 
combe, Bucks,  followed.  Mr.  J.  Conway's  exhibit  was 
Commended.  The  fruit  in  this  competition  was  all  good. 

Miscellaneous. 

In  this  class  there  was  a  large  collecdon  of  fruits  and 
vegetables.  The  rst  prize  was  taken  by  Mr.  C.  Beckett 
with  a  dish  of  fine  Apricots  and  some  very  fine  heads  of 
Celery.  The  second  place  was  won  by  Mr.  W.  B. 
Gillam.  Newland,  Dorset,  who  showed  a  dish  of  enor- 
mous Parsnips.  The  3d  was  given  to  Mr.  S.  Saunders, 
Sherbourne.  Dorset,  for  Shallots  and  Celery  ;  and  the 
4th  place  was  occupied  by  Mr.  J.  Kite  with  three  heads 
of  Celery.  Mr.  G.  H.  Hazzard's  exhibit  of  Celery  and 
Mr.T.  J.  Pollett's  of  Apricots  were  both  Commended. 


THE      NATIONAL      CARNATION      AND 
PICOTEE    (Northern    Section). 

This  Society  held  its  annual  show  in  the  new  Town 
Hall,  Manchester,  on  August  11.  The  following  is  the 
list  of  awards  : — 

For  twelve  Carnations,  all  dissimilar. — ist,  Mr.  R. 
Lord,  with  Curzon,  John  Harland,  Ranger  Johnson, 
Hextall,  Sybil,  E.  S.  Dodwell.  James  Douglas.  Clipper, 
Mrs.  Dodwell,  E.  .Adams.  Unexpected,  Mercury  ;  2d, 
Mr.  B.  Simonite,  with  Sybil.  Sarah  Payne.  Florence 
Nightingale,  .A.  Medhurst,  H.  Cannell,  Master  Fred, 
J.  Douglas,  seedhng  (Simonite),  seedUng  (Horner's 
"No.  6,  rose  flake),  Jos.  Crossland,  Sportsman,  and  a 
seedUng  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Geggie,  whose  best  flowers  were 
Master  Fred,  W.  Skirving,  Sybil,  and  J.  Douglas  ;  4th, 
Mr.  F.  Law,  whose  best  flowers  were  Squire  Meynell, 
J.  D.  Hextall,  Sybil,  and  J.  Douglas. 

For  twelve  Picotees,  all  dissimilar. — ist,  Mr.  R.  Lord, 
with    Mrs.    Lord,    John    Smith,   Ann    Lord,    Thomas 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


277 


William,  Clara  Penson,  Master  Norman,  Liddington 
Favourite,  Miss  Wood,  Mrs.  Niven.  Zerlina,  R.  Scott, 
and  Elise  ;  2d,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  with  Constance  Heron, 
two  seedlings.  Mrs.  Gorton,  Brunette,  John  Smith, 
Princess  of  Wales,  Dr.  Horner,  Mrs.  Nevin,  Muriel, 
].  B.  Bryant,  and  Mary  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Geggie,  whose 
best  flower  was  Clara  Penson  ;  4th,  Mr.  F.  Law,  whose 
best  flowers  were  Clara  Penson  and  Mrs.  Gorton. 

Twelve  Carnations,  nine  to  be  dissimilar.  —  ist,  R. 
Gorton,  Esq.,  with  E.  S.  Dodwell,  Skirving,  Merry- 
weather,  Foster,  R.  Johnson.  Master  Fred,  Harrison 
Weir,  E.  Adams,  and  F.  Nightiagale  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Bleach- 
ley,  with  Master  Fred,  J.  Douglas,  Sybil,  Sportsman, 
Falconbridge,  Curzon,  Clipper,  Keats,  Lord  Napier, 
Squire  Llewellyn,  and  M.  Nottingham. 

For  twelve  Picotees,  nine  to  be  dissimilar,— ist,  Mr.  J. 
Bleachley,  with  Brunette,  Zerlina,  Thos,  William,  Edith 
D'Ombrain,  Alliance,  Her  Majesty,  Liddington  Favourite, 
Miss  Wood,  and  another  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Whitham,  with 
Zerlina,  J.  B.  Bryant,  Clara  Penson,  Miss  Horner,  Thos. 
William,  Miss  Wood,  Brunette,  John  Smith,  Ann  Lord, 
and  Edith  D'Ombrain  ;  2d,  R.  Gorton,  Esq.  ;  4th,  Mr. 
W.  Slack. 

For  six  Carnations,  all  dissimilar. — ist,  Mr. J.  Whitham, 
with  E.  S.  Dodwell,  Lord  Raglan,  Tim  Bobbin,  H. 
Cannell,  J.  Douglas,  Admiral  Curzon ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Thornlcy,  with  Curzon,  Raglan,  Squire  Trow,  J.  Douglas, 
Clipper,  and  Keats. 

Six  Picotees.  all  dissimilar.— ist,  Mr.  E.  Shaw,  with 
Daisy,  Clara  Penson,  Alice.  Her  Majesty,  Miss  Horner, 
andMiss  Wood  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Thornley,  with  Mrs.  Rudd, 
Nymph,  Miss  Horner,  Mrs.  Prescolt,  Burdett  Coults, 
and  Norfolk  Beauty. 

Extra  class  for  twelve  fancies. — ist,  Mr.  R.  Lord  ;  2d, 
Mr.  F.  Law. 

Premier  Carnation. — Mr.  R.  Lord,  with  Curzon. 

Premier  Picotee. — Mr.  |.  Bleachley,  with  ZerUna. 

Single  Specimens. 

Scarlet  bizarre  Carnation. — ist,  2d,  3d.  4th,  and  5th, 
A-Ir.  R.  Lord,  with  Curzon. 

Crimson  bizarre  Carnation. — ist,  R.  Gorton,  Esq., 
with  Harrison  Weir ;  2d,  G.  Geggie,  wilh  Master  Fred  ; 
3d.  J.  Bleachley,  with  E.  S.  Dodwell  ;  4th,  G.  Geggie, 
with  Master  Fred  ;  5th,  R.  Lord,  with  Master  Fred. 

Purple   bizarre  Carnation.  —  isl,   J.    Whitham,    with 

E.  S.  Dodwell  ;  2d,  S.  Barlow,  Esq.,  with  Sir  G.  Wolse- 
ley  ;  3d,  J.  Whitham.  with  Harrison  Weir  ;  4lh  and  5th, 
R.  Gorton,  Esq.,  with  H.  Weir  and  W.  Skirving. 

Scarlet  flake  Carnation.— ist,  G.  Geggie,  wilh  H. 
Cannell  ;  2d,  B.  Simonite,  with  Tom  Powell;  3d,  J. 
Bleachley,  with  Sportsman  ;  4th,  ].  Chadwick,  with 
Ivanhoe  ;  5th,  B.  Simonite,  with  seedling. 

Rose  flake  Carnation.— ist,  R.  Low,  with  J.  Keats  ; 
2d,  W.  Taylor,  with  Crista-galli  ;  3d,  G.  Geggie,  with 
Christa-galli  ;  4th  and  sth.  W.  Taylor,  with  Christa-galli. 

Purple  flake  Carnation. — ist,  B.  Simonite,  with  J. 
Douglas  ;    2d,   G.    Geggie.    with   M.  Nottingham  ;   3d, 

F.  Law,  with  |.  Douglas  ;  4th,  J.  Bleachley,  with  M. 
Nottingham  ;  5th,  G.  Thornley,  with  Squire  Trow. 

Heavy  red  Picotee. — 1st,  G.  Geggie,  with  Master  Nor- 
man ;  2d,  R.  Gorton,  Esq,,  with  John  Smith  ;  3d,  W. 
Taylor,  with  John  Smith  ;  4th.  W.Taylor,  wilh  Brunette  ; 
5th,  G.  Geggie,  with  Haversley. 

Light  red  Picotee. — ist,  2d,  3d,  4th,  sth,  R.  Lord 
with  Thomas  William, 

Heavy  purple  Picotee. — ist,  R.  Lord,  wilh  Mrs. 
Nevin;  2d.  J.  Whitham,  with  Zerlina;  3d,  J.  Bleach- 
ley, with  Mrs.  Nevin  ;  4th,  R.  Gorton,  Esq.,  with  Mrs. 
Nevin  ;  5th.  J.  Bleachley,  with  Zerlina. 

Light  purple  Picotee. — ist,  J.  Whitham,  with  Ann 
Lord  ;  2d,  G.  Geggie.  with  Clara  Penson  ;  3d,  R.  Lord, 
with  Alice  ;  4th,  J.  Bleachley,  with  Clara  Penson  ;  sth, 
E.  Shaw,  with  Clara  Penson. 

Heavy  rose  Picotee. — ist,  2d,  3d,  R.  Lord,  wilh 
Mrs.  Lord  ;  4th,  G.  Geggie  ;  5th,  F.  Law,  with  Miss 
Horner. 

Light  rose  Picotee. — ist,  3d,  4th,  sth,  R.  Lord,  with 
Miss  Wood,  Elegant,  and  Miss  Horner ;  2d,  J.  Whitham, 
wilh  Miss  Wood. 


TROWBRIDGE  HORTICULTURAL: 

August    ig. 

This  is  one  of  a  few  highly  popular  and  extensive,  as 
well  as  high-class  flower  shows  held  in  the  West  of 
England  ;  in  the  case  of  Trowbridge  it  is  the  thirty-sixth 
consecutive  annual  exhibition,  continued  through  good 
and  bad  seasons,  and  it  is  the  twenty-second  year  the 
office  of  Hon.  Secretary  has  been  held  by  Mr.  James 
Huntley,  to  whose  efforts  a  great  deal  of  the  success 
of  the  Society  is  due.  The  exhibition  took  place  as 
usual  in  the  show  field  close  to  the  railway  station, 
and  the  day  being  fine  an  enormous  throng  of  people 
attended  it  from  Bath,  Bristol,  Bradford-on-Avon,  and 
the  district  round.  The  financial  results  were  most 
satisfactory  in  every  respect.  The  town  was  profusely 
decorated  with  bunting,  and  had  a  gay  and  animated 
appearance. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  nine  plants,  a  local  grower,  Mr. 
Matthews,  gr.  to  W.  R.  Brown,  Esq.,  J. P.,  Trowbridge, 
was  in  good  form,  showing  very  good  specimens  of  AUa- 
raanda  Hendersoni,  A.  nobilis,  Rondeletia  speciosa 
major,  Lasiandra  macrantha  floribunda,  a  very  fine  plant, 
superbly  grown  and  flowered,  supplying  a  colour  much 
wanted  among  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  ;  Erica 
Marnockiana,  E.  Aitonia  hybrida,  E.  MacNabiana  rosea, 
Ixora  aurantiaca,  and  Bougainvillea  glabra  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Tucker,  gr.  to  Major  W.  P.  Clark,  Trowbridge,  whose 
best  specimens  were  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Eranthemum 
Andersoni,  Dipladenia  Brearleyana,  AUaraanda  Hender- 


soni, Ixora  Williamsi,   and  Plumbago  rosea  ;    3d,   Mr. 
W.  C.  Drummond,  nurseryman,  Bath. 

Mr.  Tucker  had  the  best  six  plants,  staging  very  good 
examples  of  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fourianum,  AUamanda  nobilis.  Anthurium  Scherzeria- 
num,  Dipladenia  amabilis.  and  Ixora  Fraseri  ;  2d,  Mr. 
H.  Pocock.  gr.  to  J.  P.  Haden.  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  who 
h,^d  Dipladenia  Brearleyana,  D.  amabihs,  AUamanda 
Hendersoni,  Lapageria  alba,  Ixora  coccinea,  and  I. 
Williamsi  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Matthews. 

In  a  class  for  three  plants  Mr.  Matthews  was  ist,  and 
Mr.  Tucker  2d. 

Fltchsias. 

As  usual,  these  were  numerous,  and  very  fine  ;  those 
who  attend  the  show  regularly  state  they  were  the  finest 
plants  ever  seen.  On  this  occasion  Mr.  ].  Matthews 
was  ist  in  the  class  for  six  specimens  with  magnifi- 
cent examples  of  Charming,  Poet's  Favourite,  and 
the  Hon.  Mrs(  Hay,  dark  ;  Rose  of  Caslille,  Arabella, 
and  Marchioness  of  Bath,  a  white  coroUaed  variety, 
light.  2d,  Mr.  H.  Pocock.  with  very  fine  plants  of 
Doel's  Favourite,  Charming,  and  Bountiful,  dark  ; 
.\rabella.  Beauty  of  Hillvare,  and  Beauty  of  Wilts, 
light.  3d,  Mr.  |.  Lye,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hay,  Clyffe 
Hall. 

In  the  class  for  four  varieties,  Mr.  Matthews  was  a'so 
ist  with  superb  specimens  of  Doel's  Favourite,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Hay.  a  seedling,  fight,  and  Wiltshire  Lass.  Mr. 
George  Tucker  was  2d  with  Load-me-Well,  Doel's 
Favourite,  Charming,  and  Arabella  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lye. 

Miscellaneous  Flowering  Plants. 

These  included  the  fine  Petunias  and  Verbenas  for 
which  Trowbridge  is  so  famous  ;  Pelargoniums,  Balsams, 
Gloxinias,  &c. ,  all  of  which  were  well  and  numerously 
shown. 

Foliaged  Plants. 

The  best  collection  of  nine  plants  came  from  Mr.  H. 
Clack,  gr.  to  C.  E.  Colston,  Esq.,  Roundway  Park, 
Devizes,  who  had  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Chamasrops  humiUs,  Crolon  variegatus.  C.  pictus, 
&c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond,  nurseryman,  Bath, 
whose  best  plants  Were  a  fine  Cycas  revoluta.  Latania 
borbonica,  Thrinax  elegans,  &c. 

Fekns. 

These  are  always  a  very  fine  feature  at  Trowbridge, 
the  leading  class  being  for  fifteen  specimens,  including 
mosses.  The  best — and  a  very  fine  lot  it  was — came 
from  Mr.  Tucker,  whose  plants  showed  the  highest  cul- 
tivation. The  leading  plants  were  Asplenium  nidus  avis, 
Gymnogramma  sulphurea,  G.  chrysophylla,  Adiantum 
farleyense,  A.  cuneatum,  A.  gracillimum,  Gymnogramma 
peruviana  argyrophylla  and  peruviana  crislata,  Nephro- 
lepis  tuberosa,  Dicksonia  antarctica,  &c  Equal  2d 
prizes  were  awarded  to  Messrs.  Clack  and  J.  Cope,  gr. 
to  A.  P.  Stancourt,  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  both  of  whom 
had  remarkably  good  groups  ;  Mr.  H.  Pocock  was  3d. 

Table  Decorations. 

These  were  a  very  pretty  feature  indeed,  and  it  is 
satisfactory  to  know  that  this  department  of  the  exhibi- 
tion has  materially  improved  during  the  past  few  years. 

Button-holes  and  bouquets  were  also  a  very  pleasing 
feature,  and  it  is  observed  that  the  cottagers  have  aban- 
doned the  absurd  devices  in  garden  and  wild  flowers 
they  used  to  set  up  a  few  years  ago,  and  produce  now 
something  elegant,  light,  and  pleasing. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Messrs.  Keynes,  ^  Williams,  &  Co.  had  the  best 
twenty-four  Dahlias,'  staging  a  lot  of  very  fine  blooms  ; 
Mr.  Thomas  Hobbs,  Lower  Easton,  Bristol,  being  2d. 
Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  also  had  the  best  twelve  fancy 
Dahlias,  putting  up  a  very  even  and  well  finished  lot  of 
flowers ;  Mr.  George  Humphries,  Kingston  Langley, 
Chippenham,  being  2d. 

In  the  class  for  seedling  Dahlias  of  1884,  six  blooms 
of  each,  First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  to  Messrs. 
Keynes  &  Co.,  for  Richard  Dean,  a  very  fine  purple- 
shaded  self-form  of  the  best  quality  ;  and  to  Salamander, 
a  fancy  flower  of  the  General  Gordon  type,  but  flaked 
with  crimson  instead  of  scarlet,  very  bright  and  pleasing. 
Eric  Fisher  was  also  shown,  a  fancy  form,  heavily 
striped  and  flaked  with  deep  scarlet  on  a  buff  ground, 
very  bright  and  pleasing. 

In  the  class  for  seedling  DahUas  of  1855.  First-class 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  for 
General  Grant,  the  centre  petals  were  crimson,  the  basal 
petals  heavily  tipped  with  purple,  fine  petal  and  centre, 
and  very  promising  ;  and  to  William  Slack,  a  singularly 
bright  scarlet  flower  somewhat  reflexed,  but  of  full  sub- 
stance, and  likely  to  be  very  useful  ;  Geo.  Sanger 
(fancy),  J.  W.  Cross,  and  Thomas  Hobbs— the  two 
latter  plum-shaded  seedlings  were  very  promising  also. 

Mr.  A.  A.  Walters,  of  Bath,  had  the  best  stand  of 
single  Dahlias. 

The  best  stand  of  twelve  Roses  (trebles)  came  from 
Messrs.  Geo.  Coofing  &  Son,  of  Bath,  who  had  capital 
blooms  of  La  France,  E.  Y.  Teas,  Fran9ois  Michelon, 
A.  K.  WiUiams,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Louis  van  Houtte, 
Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Comte  d'Oxford,  Alfred 
Colomb.  Charles  Lefebvre,  &c.  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Keynes  & 
Co.  The  best  twenty-four  varieties,  single  blooms,  were 
from  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  who  had  a  very  fine  lot  of 
blooms  ;  Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  &  Son  being  2d. 

Fruit. 
This  department  is  always  a  good  one  at  Trowbride, 
but  this  season  it  was  remarkably  fine  ;  not  only  was  the 
fruit  numerous,  but  the  quality  was  very  high  throughout. 
There  were  five  collections  of  ten  dishes,  and  as  the 
number  composing  a  dish  is  an  unhmited  one,  and  im- 


posing looking  quantities  are  staged,  the  effect  is  greatly 
heightened. 

The  best  collection  came  from  Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to 
W.  H.  Long.  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood  Ashton.  Trowbridge, 
who  had  very  fine  Alicante,  Black  Hamburgh,  and 
Foster's  Seedling  Grapes,  Barring  ton  and  Bellegrade 
Peaches,  very  fine  Washington  Plums,  Hunt's  Tawny 
Nectarine,  Moor  Park  Apricots,  Best  of  All  and  Eastnor 
Castle  Melons  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ridge,  gr.  to  James  Derham, 
Esq.,  Bristol,  who  had  Muscat  ol  Alexandria  and  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes,  Eariy  York  and  Ford's  Seedling 
Peaches,  Downton  Nectarine,  Shipley  Apricot,  Jargo- 
nelle Pears.  Green  Gage  Plum,  and  Morello  Cherries  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  Bath.  A  collection  shown  by 
Mr.  G.  Garraway,  of  Bath,  was  highly  commended. 

The  only  exhibitor  of  a  Pine  was  Mr.  Miller,  who  had 
a  very  fine  Queen. 

The  best  two  bunches  of  Black  Grapes  were  large  and 
finely  fruited  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh,  shown  by 
Mr.  A.  Young,  gr.  to  B.  Thomas.  Esq  ,  Clifton  ;  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Hodges,  Bath,  with  the  same,  in  excellent  form  ; 
3d,  Mr.  H.  Gay,  gr.  to  L.  Dobney,  Esq.,  Bath,  with  the 
same. 

In  the  class  for  black  Muscats  Mr.  H.  Clark,  gr.  to 
C.  E.  Colston,  Esq.,  Roundway  Park,  was  ist,  with  two 
very  fine  bunches  of  Madresficid  Court  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  J. 
Hill,  Westbury-on-Trym,  with  the  same. 

Mr.  A.  Young  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  white 
Grapes  (Muscats  excluded),  staging  fine  examples  of 
Foster's  Seedling  ;  Mr.  A.  Miller  being  2d,  with  the 
same— also  very  good  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Hodges,  with  the 
same. 

In  the  class  for  white  Muscats,  Mr.  G.  W.  Shelton, 
gr.  to  W.  K.  Wail,  Esq.,  Bristol,  was  ist,  with  well 
finished  Muscat  of*" Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Smith,  the 
Palace  Gardens,  Salisbury,  wilh  the  same  ;  and  3d, 
Mr.   J.    Loosemore,  gr.   to  E.  Cooper,   Esq.,  with  the 

Apricots  were  largely  shown.  There  were  twenty-one 
dishes  of  very  fine  fruit,  mostly  Moor  Park. 

Single  dishes  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  and  also  of 
Green  Gage  Plums  were  numerous  and  very  fine,  so 
were  dessert  and  culinary  Apples,  Lord  Suflield  and 
Warner's  King  among  the  latter  being  very  fine. 

Jargonelle  Pears  were  largely  and  finely  shown. 

The  best  centrepiece,  composed  of  flowers  and  fruit, 
was  shown  by  Mr.  E.  Cole,  gr.  to  W.  Pethick,  Esq., 
Bristol,  executed  in  admirable  taste  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  J. 
Hill,  also  with  an  excellent  stand  ;  3d,  Mr.  Hoskins, 
Clifton. 

Vegetables. 

The  display  of  these  was  remarkably  fine,  and  they 
were  very  numerous.  It  would  be  difficult  to  find  a 
better  display  in  any  part  ot  the  country  than  that  pro- 
duced at  Trowbridge,  and  especially  by  cottagers. 

Potatos  were  a  remarkable  sight,  numerous,  fine, 
clean,  and  handsome. 

The  cottagers'  plants  {which  in  some  respects  are 
much  better  than  are  frequently  seen  staged  by  gentle- 
men's gardeners)  are  remarkable  for  their  high  culture, 
and  the  cottagers"  tent  at  Trowbridge  is  an  interesting 
show  in  itself. 


CHEADLE    FLORAL    AND    HORTICUL- 
TURAL:   August  21  and  22. 

The  eighteenth  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  the  above  dates  in  a  large  meadow  kindly  placed 
at  the  service  of  the  committee  by  Dr.  Godson.  In 
many  respects  this  show  was  a  decided  improvement  on 
previous  exhibitions  held  on  the  same  ground,  notably 
in  regard  to  the  stove  and  greenhouse  flowering  plants, 
the  splendid  show  of  fruit,  and  the  miscellaneous  groups 
of  plants  arranged  for  effect.  There  were  eighty-eight 
classes  in  the  schedule,  and  in  almost  every  case  the 
prizes  were  well  contested,  while  in  some  of  the  classes 
the  number  of  exhibits  ran  up  to  six,  eight,  and  even 
beyond  that  number. 

In  the  open  class  for  ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
J.  Leigh,  Esq.,  J. P.  {J.  Kirk,  gr.),  came  well  to  the 
front,  wilh  fine  examples  of  Crolon  angustifoHus  and 
C.  Disraeli,  well  grown,  and  of  good  colour  ;  Anthurium 
Andreanum,  Eucharis  amazonica,  wilh  thirty-six  spikes 
of  bloom  ;  Dipladenia  amabilis,  covered  with  flowers  ; 
Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  and  Erica  semula.  The  2d 
prize  was  awarded  to  S.  Baerlein,  Esq.  (G.  Williams,  gr.), 
who  had  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  C.  Evansianus.  Kentia 
australis,  Ixora  Williamsi.  Erica  Irbyana,  and  AUa- 
manda grandiflora,  covered  with  bloom,  among  his  best 
plants.  The  3d  fell  to  ].  Watts,  Esq.  (R.  Mackellar, 
gr.),  in  whose  collection  we  observed  Ixora  Colei,  with 
over  fifty  trusses  of  bloom. 

In  the  class  for  amateurs  of  the  same  number  and 
description  of  plants,  J.  Watts,  however,  was  a  long  way 
ahead.  Mr.  Mackellar  here  staged  some  excellent 
examples  of  Ixoras,  certainly  the  best  that  have  been 
seen  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Manchester  for  the  last  few 
years,  for  since  Messrs.  Cole,  Baines  and  Samson  have 
ceased  showing,  Ixoras  have  not  been  very  frequent  at 
our  shows.  Ixora  Prince  of  Orange  had  120  good  trusses 
of  bloom,  and  I.  Williamsi  over  200;  these  stood  well 
out  against  clean  and  healthy  foliage,  and  were  much 
commented  upon  ;  Eucharis  amazonica,  wilh  forty-six 
spikes  ;  a  Stephanotis.  covered  wilh  flowers  ;  and 
Dipladenia  amabihs,  with  forty  trusses.  For  foliage, 
Cocos  Weddelhana,  Cycas  revoluta,  and  Croton 
Queen  Victoria,  were  well  grown  and  promising  ;  J. 
Leigh  came  2d,  showing  AUamanda  Hendersoni  and 
Franciscea  calycina  in  good  form  ;  Mrs.  Hodgkinson 
(D.  Boardman,  gr.)  was  3d.  in  whose  group  we  observed 
good  plants  of  Dipladenia  boliviensis  and  amabihs,  and 
Rondeletia  speciosa  major. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom,  Mrs, 
Sykes  {G.  Kemp,  gr.)  came  well  to  the  front  with  Stalice 


278 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


profusa.  well-flowered  gloriosa  superba,  Stephanotls,  and 
Eucharis.  among  his  best  plants  ;  D.  Adamson,  Esq. 
(J.  Brierley,  gr.),  was  2d. 

For  six  fine-foliage  plants  S.  Baerlein  was  1st,  showing 
Cycas  revoluta,  Dasylirion  acrotrichum,  Encephalartos 
Lehmanni,  Cordyline  indlvisa,  and  Pritchardia  pacifica, 
in  excellent  condition  ;  Mrs.  S>kes  was  2d.  having 
Alocasia  Lowi,  Croton  irregulare,  Draciena  Mooreana, 
Yucca  filamentosa,  &c.  ;  J.  Leigh  was  3d. 

Six  evotic  Ferns  were  shown  by  S.  Baerlein,  who  was 
istwithlDicksoniaantarctica,  Cyathea  dealbata,  Cibotium 
Schiedei.  Gleichenia  flabellala.  Microlepis  hirla  cristata, 
and  Polysliclium  capense  ;  Mrs.  Sykes  was  2d,  with 
Dicksonia  antarctica,  Goniophlebium  subauriculaium , 
Davallia  Mooreana,  and  Alsophila  excelsa,  in  good 
form  ;  |.  Watts  was  3d,  who  had  Pteris  scaberula  and 
Davallia  Mooreana,  and  Alsophila  auslralis  among  his 
best  plants. 

Caladiunis  were  numerous  and  good,  D.  Adamson 
winning  with  good  examples  of  Meyerbeer,  Prince 
Albert  Edward,  bicolor,  splendens,  and  Chantini ;  Mrs. 
Sykes  was  2d,  and  J.  H.  Sykes  (W.  Ferneyhough, 
g'".)3d. 

The  zonal  and  bronze  Pelargoniums  were  scarcely  as 
good  as  on  previous  occasions — witli  the  former  J.  Judg- 
son  {E.  Sherd,  gr. )  was  awarded  ist  prize  with  plants  of 
Alice  Spencer,  L^dy  Sheffield,  Laura  Strachan,  &c., 
4  feet  across  ;  J.  E.  Piatt  (C.  Nixon,  gr.).  2d  ;  and  J.  G. 
Smith,  3d.  ;  H.  Schill  (G.  CouUon,  gr.)  was  ist.  \sith 
four  bronze  and  tricolor  Pelargoniums.  Mr.  J.  Hill  came 
in  ist  with  three  (able  plants,  J.  Watts  2d,  and  G.  W, 
Mould  (A.  Macdonald,  gr. )  3d. 

A  capital  lot  of  hardy  Ferns  were  shown,  but  since  so 
many  exhibitors  have  two  or  more  Aihyriums  in  almost 
every  group,  it  might  perhaps  be  worth  while  having  a 
class  for  Athyriums  only,  and  another  where  this  genus 
with  its  varieties  were  excluded.  Mrs.  Deakin  was  ist ; 
G.  W.  Mould  2d,  showing  good  plants  of  Adiantuni 
Capillus-veneris  and  Onoclea  sensibilis  ;  3d,  J.  Watts, 
who  had  a  good  example  of  O^munda  regalis  cristata 
and  Onoclea  sensibilis. 

Mrs.  Deakin  was  ist  with  two  pots  of  Lilium  auralum, 
J.  Watts  2d  :  whilst  with  four  pots  oi  Lilium  lancifolium 
Mrs.  Sykes  was  ist,  with  well  flowered  and  very  dwarf 
specimens. 

D.  Adamson  showed  three  pots  of  Achiraenes,  and 
was  ist  ;  H.  Schill  coming  in  2d. 

Three  Lycopods  were  shown  by  G.  W.  Mould,  who 
was  ist  :  in  this  group  was  a  large  plant  of  Selaginella 
Icevigata  ;  W.  Hudson  (G.  Gass,  gr.).  being  2d. 

Tuberous  Begonias  were  well  represented  ;  clean 
healthy  specimens  3  feet  high,  covered  with  large  flowers, 
were  to  be  seen  in  several  groups.  H.  Schill  was  ist 
with  three,  and  also  with  a  single  specimen  ;  H.  Hudson 
was  2d  in  the  former  class,  and  G.  Wilkes  2d  for  one 
specimen. 

Fuchsias  were  well  represented,  H.  Schill  taking  ist 
for  lour  plants  ;  D.  Adamson  2d,  and  J.  E.  Piatt  3d. 
H.  Schill  was  also  isl  with  a  single  specimen,  showing 
a  fine  plant  of  Arabella  ;  J.  H.  Sykes  was  2d,  with  a 
plant  of  Charming. 

Four  Adiantums  were  shown  by  Mrs.  Hodgkinson, 
having  A.  cuneatum,  A.  graciUimum,  A.  decorum,  and  a 
fine  plant  ot  A.  farleyense  :  these  secured  the  ist  prize  ; 
the  2d  falling  to  Mrs.  Sykes  with  A.  gracilHraum,  A. 
tenerum,  A.  decorum,  and  A.  farleyense. 

A  number  of  Dracrenas  were  staged,  clean  and  well 
grown,  and  mostly  very  fine  in  rolour  :  Mrs.  Sykes  was 
lit,  D.  .■\damson  2d,  and  H.  Schill  3d.  Examples  of 
Baptistii,  Mooreana,  amabilis,  Regina,  excelsa,  and 
Bausei  were  met  with  in  the  collections. 

H.  Schill  took  ist  witli  four  pots  of  Celosia  pyramid- 
alis  plumosa  ;  Major  Turner  (R.  Murray,  gr.)  was  2d, 
and  D.  Adamson  3d, 

A  capital  lot  of  single  and  double  Petunias  were 
staged,  healthy  and  vigorous,  and  full  of  bloom.  With 
the  singles  W.  Hudson  was  ist,  H.  Schill  2d,  and  J.  C. 
Jones  3d.  J.  Watts  was  ist  with  one  single  Petunia, 
and  also  for  one  double. 

A  numerous  lot  of  Coleus  were  shown,  but  among 
them  were  some  sadly  deficient  in  colour.  J.  H.  Sykes 
was  ist  with  four  plants,  W.  Hudson  running  a  very 
close  2d. 

Gloxinias  were  shown  by  J.  Leigh  and  J.  G.  Silken- 
stadt  (C.  Humphrys,  gr.),  and  were  awarded  respect- 
ively ist  and  2d. 

A  good  lot  of  Cockscombs  were  staged,  some  measuring 
20  inches  over.  For  three  plants  Mrs.  Sykes,  Majur 
Turner,  and  ].  C.  Jones  were  competitors,  and  were 
awarded  prizes  in  the  order  in  which  their  names  appear. 
With  a  single  specimen  Geranium  D.  Adamson  was  isl, 
with  a  good  plant  of  White  Wonderful ;  W.  Hudson 
coming  2d. 

For  a  single  Orchid  H.  Schill  took  ist  with  a  capital 
plant  of  Miltonia  spectabilis,  with  thirty-six  blooms  ;  J. 
Watts  2d,  with  Peristeria  elata,  a  large  plant  bearing 
eight  spikes  of  flower  past  their  best. 

J.  Watts  was  ist  with  a  single  pot  of  Eucharis  ama- 
zonica,  also  with  a  single  Chr>'santhemum,  Madame  C. 
Degranges,  having  thirty  large  flowers  open.  The  s;ime 
exhibitor  was  ist  with  an  ornamental  fruited  plant, 
showing  an  Orange  full  of  fruit. 

Several  good  plants  of  Yucca  filamentosa  variegata 
were  shown,  Mrs.  Sykes  being  ist,  with  a  single  speci- 
men ;  Major  Turner  2d. 

In  the  nurserymen's  class  for  groups  of  plants  to  be 
arranged  in  a  circle  10  feet  in  diameter,  no  staging  being 
allowed,  J.  Horley,  Edgeley  Road,  near  Manchester, 
was  ist ;  J.  Burnet  2d. 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  similar  plants,  the  same 
conditions  being  observed,  S.  Baerlein  was  ist,  with  a 
capital  arrangement  ;  very  few  flowering  plants  were 
used,  but  foliage  plants  and  Adiantums  were  judiciously 
blended  and  worked  in  so  that  a  most  effective  display, 
far  in  advance  of  five  or  si.\  other  competitors,  was  the 


result.  Mrs.  Sykes  was  2d,  D.  Adamson  3d,  J.  H. 
Sykes  and  J.  Leigh  equal  4th. 

A  fine  lot  of  stove  and  greenhouse  blooms  were  shown, 
Miss  Cole  being  ist  for  twelve  bunches,  J.  Watts  2d, 
H.  Schill  3d,  and  S.  Baerlein  4th.  Fine  bunches  were 
to  be  seen  of  Allamanda  Henderson!,  .V.  nobilis,  Anthu- 
rium  ferrierense,  Lapageria  rosea  and  L.  alba,  Ixora 
Colei,  coccinea,  Williamsi,  Disa  grandiflora.  Caitleya 
Sanderiana,  C.  speciosissima,  &c. 

Bouqutts  were  well  shown  ;  stands  of  flowers  for 
table  decoration,  baskets  of  flowers  arranged  for  effect, 
were  numerous,  and  very  nicely  done. 

J.  Watts  was  ist  with  bouquets,  G.  Wilkes  2d,  and 
Miss  Cole  3d. 

D.  Adamson  was  ist  with  flowers  for  table  decoration, 
J.  Leigh  2d. 

Basket  of  Roses.— Mr.  G.  Wilkes  was  ist. 

Collection  of  wild  flowers  was  awarded  to  J.  Leigh. 

Fkcit. 
In  the  class  for  six  dishes  of  fruit  there  was  strong 
competition  ;  and,  in  fact,  the  same  may  be  said  of  all  the 
fruit  classes,  the  exhibits  uniformly  were  of  first-rate 
character.  The  Grapes,  both  black  and  white,  were  well 
done— large  in  berry,  and  excellent  in  finish.  J.  Watts 
was  awarded  isl  for  six  dishes,  showing  Muscats  and 
Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Peaches,  Pears,  Cherries,  and 
a  Melon,  Captain  Larks  ;  the  2d  prize  fell  to  Mrs. 
Patterson  (T.  Ferguson,  gr.),  who  also  had  good  Mus- 
cats and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Royal  George  Peach, 
Lee's  Prolific  Fig,  Elruge  Nectarine,  and  a  Melon  ;  the 
3d  fell  to  Mrs.  Sykes.  J.  Watts  was  ist  with  six  dishes 
of  hardy  fruits,  showing  Raspberries,  Cherries,  Straw- 
berries, Pears,  Gooseberries,  and  Peaches  ;  Mrs.  Pat- 
terson 2d,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Grant  3d.  For  two  bunches  of 
Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Alderman  Raynes  ().  Baiker, 
gr, )  came  well  to  the  front,  and  was  ist  ;  J.  Watts  2d, 
Mrs.  Patterson  3d.  Alderman  Raynes  was  again  ist 
with  black  Grapes  other  than  Hamburghs,  showing  fine 
e.xamplesof  Madresfield  Court;  the  2d  was  secured  by 
J.  Kvans(C.  A.  Voung,gr.)  with  thesame  variety,  also  very 
good  ;  while  Mr.  A.  J.  Grant  was  3d  with  Gros  Colmar. 
j.  Watts  was  ist  with  two  bunches  of  Muscats,  which 
were  well  done  ;  J.  Evans  2d,  and  J.  E.  Piatt  3d.  For 
the  largest  bunch  of  Grapes  J.  Evansjwas  ist  with  Black 
Hamburghs.  Major  Dickson  2d  with  Barbarossa.  C.  E. 
Thorneycroft  was  ist  for  Pines,  J.  Walts  winning  ist  fur 
a  dish  of  Peaches  ;  D.  Adamson  2d  ;  whilst  with  Nec- 
tarines the  latter  gentleman  came  in  ist,  Mrs.  Patterson 
2d. 

A  capital  lot  of  Melons  was  staged,  J.  Wntts  getting 
in  ist  for  green-flesh  with  Best  of  All  ;  A.  J.  Grant  2d, 
with  Conqueror  0/  Europe.  Mrs,  Patterson  was  ist  with 
a  scarlet-flesh.  J.  Leigh  coming  2d. 

Apples,  Pears.  Cherries,  and  Currants  were  shown 
well — in  the  .Apples  Mrs.  Patterson  winning  with  Lord 
SufSeld  in  the  culinary,  and  also  taking  ist  for  dessert 
Apples. 

Cucumbers  were  staged  by  A.  Greenshields,  G. 
Wilkes,  and  J.  Evans,  and  were  awarded  respectively 
ist,  2d,  and  3d. 

Vegetables,  &c. 

In  the  class  for  ten  distinct  varieties  of  vegetables  no 
less  than  eleven  collections  were  put  up,  and  gave  the 
judges  no  Httle  difficulty  ;  all  were  good,  whilst  the 
stand  oi  .\  J.  Grant  was  ultimately  considered  best ;  the 
2d  fell  to  G.  Wilkes,  and  3d  to  H.  Schill. 

Captain  Marsland  (S.  Lanceley,  gr.)  was  ist  for  a  dish 
of  Peas.  R.  Smelt,  ist  for  French  Beans.  Mrs.  Cruse 
took  the  ist  for  kidney  Potatos  with  GarnelPs  Seeding, 
and  Mrs.  Deakin  a  similar  award  for  rounds  with  Early 
Oxford. 

Capital  groups  of  plants  were  put  up  by  J.  Hooley, 
nurseryma.1  ;  W.  G.  Caldwell  &  Sons,  Didsbury  and 
Knutsford  ;  C.  Cleave,  Heaton,  Norris,  and  J.  Burnett. 
Edgeley. 

The  Cheshire  Beekeepers'  Association  held  an 
exhibition  and  competition  in  the  grounds,  and  some 
fine  hives  and  supers  of  honey  were  shown  by  Mr,  J. 
Colteril.  Mr.  S.  Cookson,  and  Mr.  W.  Wright. 

The  whole  of  the  arrangements  were  under  the 
management  of  E.  D.  Stone,  Hon.  Sec,  who  is  a 
thorough  enthusiast,  and  since  he  never  competes  in  any 
classes  he  has  no  other  interest  than  the  pure  love  of 
horticulture,  and  a  strong  desire  to  bring  together  a  fine 
collection  of  horticultural  products  for  the  pleasure  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Cheadle  and  surrounding  disliicts. 


WESTON-SUPER  MARE  :  August  18, 

Th:';  Society  held  its  annual  show  on  the  ;.bove 
date  in  the  usual  place— the  Grove.  In  these  limes, 
when  there  appears  to  be  more  exhibitions  than  thete  is 
material  wherewith  t  o  keep  them  up  to  the  requ-ite 
standard,  it  was  gratifying  to  see  that  the  producucns 
competing  in  the  respective  departments  of  planis, 
flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables  were  quite  up  to  the  m,irk" 
as  regards  quantity  and  quality.  Vegetables  in  pa;ti- 
cular  were  so  good  as  to  surprise  those  who  have  ihe 
luck  to  reside  where  everything  in  the  way  of  cuhrary 
vegetables  has  been  this  summer  so  burnt  up  as  to 
scarcely  be  presentable.  Flowering  plants  were  well 
shown  in  the  open  classes,  and  also  in  those  confined  to 
amateurs  and  gentlemen's  gardeners,  both  of  uhich 
latter  show  a  marked  improvement  in  their  productions. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class  for  twelve,  at  least  four  ot  which  must 
be  fine-leaved  kinds,  Mr.  Lock,  gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleave,  Esq., 
Credilon,  was  well  in  front,  staging  a  fine  group,  the  best 
of  which  were  Erica  remula,  E.  Fairreana.  Allan.anda 
nobilis,  Ixora  Dufifii,  Croton  Disraeli,  and  Areca  lutescens. 
Mr.  Cypher,   Chelteaham,  who  took  2d,  had  amongst 


others  well-flowered  examples  of  Statice  Holfordii.  Eii*a 
insignis.  Allamanda  nobilis.  Croton  majesticus,  Kentia 
Forsteriana.  and  K.  australis.  These  Kenti.is  it  n  ay 
be  observed  are  amongst  the  best  of  all  Palms,  either  for 
exhibition  or  for  greenhouse  decoration,  as  they  requrie 
no  more  heat  than  will  protect  them  from  Irost.  ihey 
retain  their  leaves  long,  and  are  not  liable  to  become 
yellow  nnd  unsightly  in  appearance.  3d,  Mr.  J.  V. 
Mould,  Pewsey,  with  a  nice  group  of  fresh-looking  stove 
plants. 

With  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould 
was  a  good  ist,  his  best  specimens  being  Dipladenta 
amabilis,  Ixora  regina,  Sougainvillea  glabra,  and  Erica 
Marnockiana,  the  last  named  being  beautifully  flowered 
and  unusually  high  in  colour  ;  2cl,  Mr.  Cypher. 

Fine-leaved  Plants 
were  shown  in  excellent  condition  by  Mr.  Lock,  who 
took  ist,  his  most  noteworthy  examples  were  Alocnsia 
Thibautiana,  Gleichenia  rupestris  glaucescens,  and  Croton 
Williamsii.  Mr.  Cypher,  who  was  2d,  had,  with  others, 
Croton  Sunset,  C.  Johannis,  and  Cordyline  indivisa. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Ferns. 

Here  again  Mr.  Lock  took  the  lead,  staging  a  fresh- 
looking,  well-managed  half-dozen,  consisting  ot  Davallia 
Mooreana,  D.  Tyermanii,  D.  polyantha,  Gleicher»ia 
Mendelii,  G.  rupestris,  and  Nephrolepis  davalUoides  lur- 
cans  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Brooks,  Weston-super-Mare. 

Adiantums. — These  favourite  Ferns  are  always  well 
shown  at  Weston  ;  in  a  close  run  with  six,  Mr.  J.  F. 
Taylor  came  in  ist  ;  Mr.  Rye,  gr.  to  J.  Derham,  Esq  , 
Sneyd  Park.  2d. 

Six  Hardy  Ferns. — ist.  Mr.  Lock  ;  2d,  Mr.  Brooks  ; 
both  having  nicely  grown  plants. 

Lycopodiums. — With  these  Mr.  Matthews,  gr.  to  T. 
T.  Knylton,  Esq.,  had  ist,  2d  ;  Mr.  W.  Brooks. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums,  &c. 

were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Adams,  gr.  to  W.  Smith,  Esq., 
who  took  ist  for  six,  with  nicely  flowered  plants  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Brooks, 

Six  Petunias.— ist.  Mr,  W.  Brooks. 

Gloxinias. — ist,  Mr.  Holland,  gr.  to  W.  Ash,  Esq  ; 
as  also  with  six  Achimenes  and  six  Cockscombs, 

Fuchsias  in  sixes  came  from  Mr.  W.  Brooks,  who  was 
ist ;  Mr.  J.  P.  Cassell  2d. 

Six  Lilies. — ist,  Mr,  W.  Brooks. 

New  or  Rare  Plant  in  Flower. 
Here  Mr.  Cypher  had  ist  honours,  with  the  white- 
flowered  Dendrobium  leucolopboium  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hughes, 
gr.  to  W.  Pethick,  Esq,,  with  Clitoria  ternatea,  an  old 
Pea-flowered  evergreen  climber,  from  India,  with  very 
lirge  bright  blue  flowers— a  plant  now  almost  lost  sight 
of,  but  which  deserves  a  better  fate. 

In  the  division  confined  to  amateurs  and  gentlemen's 
gardeners  there  was  a  very  good  display  of  both  flower- 
ing and  fine-leaved  plants,  the  former  in  particular  col- 
lectively having  a  freshness  about  them  not  always 
present  on  the  exhibition  stage. 

In  the  class  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in 
bloom  Mr.  Lock  once  more  took  the  lead  with  a  nicely 
flowered  lot,  containing  Allamanda  grandiflora.  Erica 
Eweriana  superba,  and  ixora  Williamsii  ;  Mr.  Rye,  who 
was  2d,  had,  amongst  others,  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
Allamanda  Hendersoni,  and  Ixora  Williamsii  unusually 
fine  in  colour  ;  3d,  Mr.  Hughes,  who  also  had  well- 
flowered  plants. 

Fine-foliage  plants  were  forthcoming  in  good  order 
from  several  exhibitors,  Mr.  Lock  being  ist  with  large 
plants  in  fine  condition.  Amongst  them  was  a  good 
example  of  Gleichenia  speluncae.  Croton  Warneri,  and 
C.  velutinus,  both  densely  clothed  with  highly  coloured 
foliage  ;  Mr,  Rye,  who  was  2d,  Ukewise  had  a  well  grown 
group. 

Six  Ferns. — ist,  Mr.  J.  F.  Taylor. 

Four  Adiantums.— ist,  Mr.  Lock  :  2d,  Mr.  Holland  ; 
both  staging  nicely  managed  plants. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  well  done  in  this  division, 
Mr.  Lewis,  gr.  to  J.  E.  Cole,  Esq.,  taking  ist.  Four 
double  varieties. — ist,  Mr,  T.  R.  Vicary. 

Fuchsias.— ist,  Mr.  T.  R.  Vicary  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  P. 
Cassell. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  an  extensive  display  in  this  department 
Roses  were  shown  in  good  condition  considering  the  sea- 
son. In  the  open  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  three 
blooms  of  each,  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  Bath,  was  ist,  with 
a  nice  stand;  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  Coventry,  2d. 
Twelve  Tea  varieties. — isl,  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd  ;  2d,  Messrs, 
Parker  &  Son.  Bristol, 

Dahlias.— With  twenty-four,  Mr.  A.  Hill,  Bower 
Ashton,  had  ist. 

Twelve  varieties  of  single  Dahlia,  three  blooms  of 
each. — ist,  Mr.  Carr,  Tiverton  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  Walters, 
Bath. 

Twenty-four  Gladiolus. — ist,  Mr.  Dobree,  Wellington, 
with  fine  spikes,  comprising  many  of  the  best  varieties; 
2d,  Mr.  W.  Brooks. 

Twenty-four  bunches  of  cut  flowers, — ist,  Mr.  Miller, 
gr.  to  F.  Tagart,  Esq.,  Old  Sneed  Park  ;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Brooks, 

Hand  bouquet. — ist,  Mr.  Cypher  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Per- 
kins &  Sons, 

Three  buttonhole  bouquets. — ist,  Mr.  Cypher  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons. 

Fruit 
was  plentiful  and  most  of  it  in  good  condition.   This  not 
only  applies  to  the  better  kinds  of  indoor  growth,   but 
also  to  the  hardy  sorts,  notably  Apples  and   Plums 
which  were  largely  shown. 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


279 


With  eight  dishes,  Mr.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome,  was  ist,  having  finely 
finished  BIacl<  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Muscats  in  nice  order, 
and  Smooth  Cayenne  Pine,  Royal  George  Peaches.  Pine- 
apple iN'ictarines,  Moor  Park  Apricots,  Hero  of  Lock- 
inge  Melon,  and  Morello  Cherries  ;  Mr.  Nash,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  ol  Beaufort,  Badminton,  Chippenham,  who  was 
2d,  had  a  good  collection  containing  Muscat  of  Ale.-i- 
andriaand  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Grosse  Mignoiine 
Peaches,  and  Black  Tartarian  Cherries,  very  well  kept, 
being  still  quite  fresh  in  appearance  ;  Mr.  Rye  3d,  also 
staging  a  nice  collection. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. — Here 
Mr.  Iggulden  was  ist,  with  beautifully  finished  examples  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Eliot,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Tugwell,  Esq.,  Bath,  who 
likewise  showed  handsome  fruit. 

In  the  class  for  any  other  variety  of  black  Grapes  Mr. 
Nash  had  ist,  with  excellent  examples  of  Black  Alicante  ; 
Mr.  E.  F.  Hall  taking  2d,  with  M.idresfield  Court. 

Three  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria. — ist,  Mr. 
Shelton,  gr.  to  \V.  K.  Wait,  Esq. ;  2d.  Mr.  Whitwell. 

Three  bunches  of  any  other  white  variety. — ist.  Mr. 
A.  Young,  Clifton,  with  good  bunches  of  Foster's  Seed- 
ling, splendidly  finished  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miller,  with  a  pro- 
mising seedling  with  a  flavour  not  unlike  Ferdinand  de 
Lesseps.  The  bunches  are  long  and  tapering,  berries 
in  the  way  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 

Eight  Peaches.— ist,  Mr.  Seagers,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Tem- 
perley,  who  had  Crimson  Galande,  very  well  coloured  : 
2d,  Mr.  Dafurn,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Walker,  with  good 
examples  of  Grosse  Mignonne. 

Eight  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Dafurn,  with  a  beautiful 
dish  of  Elriige  coloured  to  perfection  ;  2d,  Mrs.  Woollen, 
showing  unusually  large  examples  of  Pitmaston  Orange. 

Eight  Apricots. — ist,  Mr.  Fear;  2d,  Mr.  Hill,  Bower 
Ash  ton. 

Dish  of  Figs. — 1st,  Mr.  Matthews  ;  2d,  Mr.  Fear. 

Green-flesh  Melon. — isl,  Mr.  Rye  ;  2d,  Mr.  Holland. 

Scarlet-flesh  Melon. — ist,  Mr.  Miller  ;  2d,  Mr.  H. 
Mardon. 


SHROPSHIRE      HORTICULTURAL: 
August  ig  and  20, 

TlIK  summer  show  o(  this  society  was,  as  usual,  held 
at  Shrewsbury,  in  The  Quarry,  which,  notwithstanding 
the  large  extent  of  ground  it  comprises,  afforded  no  more 
room  than  needful  to  allow  free  movement  to  the  thou- 
sands who  were  present  on  the  second  day,  which  fact, 
coupled  with  the  numbers  who  visited  the  exhibition  on 
the  opening  day  being  largely  in  excess  of  the  attendance 
on  any  previous  year,  speaks  well  for  the  prospects  of  the 
Society,  which,  by  the  way,  has,  in  the  comparatively 
short  time  of  its  existence,  attained  a  position  such  as  is 
equalled  by  few  similar  institutions  in  the  kingdom. 
The  exhibition  was  not  only  a  success  from  the  essen- 
tial point  of  view  named — the  numbers  who  thronged 
the  tents  and  ground — but  equally  so  Irom  a  horticultural 
point  of  view.  Plants,  including  both  hard  and  soft- 
wooded  flowering  kinds,  fine-leaved  sorts.  Ferns,  and 
Palms,  were  present  in  large  numbers,  and,  what  is  more, 
as  fresh  as  they  usually  are  seen  earlier  in  the  summer, 
most  of  the  exhibitors  evidently  making  especial  prepara- 
tion for  the  occasion.  Fruit  was  largely  shown.  Grapes 
particularly — for  which  good  prizes  were  offered — being 
in  great  force,  the  greater  portion  well  up  in  finish. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class  of  twenty,  half  of  which  were  required 
to  be  in  bloom,  there  were  three  exhibitors,  the  veteran 
Mr.  Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  taking  the  lead  with  a  fine 
lot,  containing  beautifully  flowered  specimens  of  Erica 
obbata  purpurea,  Ixora  Pilgrimii,  Dipladenia  amabilis, 
.^latice  profusa,  Allamanda  nobilis,  and  the  brilliant  red- 
flowered  Rhododendron  Duchess  of  Edinburgh.  .Amongst 
fine-leaved  plants  associated  with  these  were  immense 
examples  of  Encephalartos  villosus  and  Cycas  intermedia, 
with  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  C.  Prince  of  Wales,  and  C. 
Sunset,  each  5  or  6  feet  in  diameter,  and  densely  clothed 
with  highly-coloured  foliage  ;  the  last-named  sort  pre- 
sented a  mass  of  glowing  crimson  such  as  rarely  seen  even 
under  the  most  skilful  treatment  ;  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to 
E.  C.  Glover,  Esq.,  Highfield  Hall,  Leek,  who 
was  2d,  also  had  a  good  collection,  the  best  of 
which  were  Ixora  Williamsii,  I.  coccinea,  Allamanda 
Hendersoni,  Dipladenia  Williamsii,  Ptychosperma  Alex- 
andrie,  Croton  angustifolius,  and  Asparagus  plumosus 
nanus  in  the  form  of  a  loosely-trained  bush,  in  which 
w.iy  it  had  a  light  and  effective  appearance  ;  Mr. 
Tudgey,  Waltham  Cross,  taking  3d,  with  a  nice  group, 
in  which  were  well  flowered  specimens  of  Erica  insigni>, 
E.  Fairreana,  and  Statice  profusa,  with  several  large 
Palms  and  other  fine-leaved  plants,  the  best  of  which  w  ere 
Pritchardia  pacifica,    Kentia  australis,   and   Cycas  cir- 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  not  less  than  five 
in  bloom  (open). — Here  ist  honours  went  to  Messrs. 
Pritchard  &  Sons,  Shrewsbury,  who  staged  a  well  grown 
set  of  plants,  amongst  which  were  Erica  Marnockiana, 
Eweriana  superba,  Lapageria  alba,  Croton  Queen 
Victoria,  and  Kentia  Belmoreana  :  2d,  Mr.  Farrant, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Jason,  Abbey  Foregate,  Shrewsbury,  who, 
with  others,  had  nicely  flowered  plants  of  Ixora  auran- 
tiaca.  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  and  Clerodendron  Eal- 
tourianum. 

Six  stove  and  greenhous  plants  in  bloom  (open). — ist, 
Mr.  Cypher,  here  again  having  a  nicely  flowered  col- 
lection, the  most  noteworthy  being  Allamanda  grandiflora, 
Dipladenia  amabilis,  and  Erica  Irbyana  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Heath  &  Sons.  Cheltenham,  who  staged  half-a-dozen 
nicely  bloomed  Orchids,  including  Cattleya  Gaskelliana, 
C,  crispa,  Dendrobium  formosum,  Pilumna  nobilis, 
Saccolabium   Blumei,  and  Mesospinidium  vulcanicum. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  not  less  than  four  in 


bloom  (gentlemen's  gardeners). — ist,  Mr.  Roberts,  with, 
amongst  others,  nicely  bloomed  examples  of  Erica  Shan- 
noni  and  Dipladenia  amabilis  ;  2d,  Mr.  Farrant. 

Ferns 
were  well  shown.  In  the  open  class  for  six  Mr.  Cypher 
took  1st,  his  best  examples  being  Microlepia  hirta  cris- 
tata,  Adiantum  cardiochlaina,  Alsophila  australis,  and 
the  rare  .\.  elegantissima  ;  2d,  Mr,  Roberts,  who  also 
had  a  meritorious  exhibit. 

With  six  Ferns  in  the  class  confined  to  gentlemen's 
gardeners  Mr.  Farrant  was  well  in  front  with  medium- 
sized  fresh-looking  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Thurtle,  gr.  to  J.  L. 
Burton,  Esq. 

FiNE-LEAVED    PLANTS, 

Palms.— With  six,  Mr.  Cypher  took  the  lead— Kentia  , 
Cantcrburyana,  K.  Belmoreana,  Pritchardia  pacifica.  and 
Thrinax  eleg^ins  being  the  best  ;  Mr.  Roberts,  who  was 
a  good  2d,  fine  specimens  of  Latania  borbonica,  Cocos 
Weddelliana,  and  C.  fiexuosus. 

Draca;nas  were  well  shown  in  a  close  run.  Mr.  Shep- 
herd, gr.  to  the  Mis'-es  fianiierman,  was  ist  lor  six  ; 
Mr.  Lambert,  gr.  to  Col.  Wmgfield,  2d. 

Six  Caladiums.— With  these  Mr.  Farrant  had  ist, 
staging  well  managed  plants  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Pritchard  & 
Sons. 

Coleus  in  sixes  came  from  Mr.  Shepherd  and  Mr. 
Norris.  gr.  to  VV.  Laing,  Esq.,  Shrewsbury,  who  were 
1st  and  2d  in  the  order  of  their  names. 

Fuchsias,  &c. 
were  forthcoming  in  good  order,  Messrs.  Pritchard  & 
Sons  being  1st  with  six  large  well  furnished  examples, 
not  too  stiffly  trained,  the  best  being  Royal  Standard, 
Mrs,  Huntley,  and  Mrs.  Marshall  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Owen, 
The  Cedars,  Shrewsbury. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. — With  six  single  varieties,  Messrs. 
Pritchard  &  Sons  were  ist  and  2d,  as  also  in  the  class  for 
six  doubles. 

Begonias. — In  the  class  for  six,  Messrs.  Prichard  had 
1st,    Mr.  Shepperd  2d. 

Collection  of  fifty  miscellaneous  plants  in  s-inch  pots, 
not  less  than  thirty  in  blooms. — 1st,  Messrs,  Pritchard  ; 
2d,  Messrs.  Jones. 

Dinner-table  Plants. — ist,  Messrs.  Jones  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Pritchard. 

Groups  of  Plants  arranged   for  Effect. 

These  are  beginning  to  present  loo  much  sameness  as 
often  met  with.  It  was  refreshing  to  see  Messrs. 
Pritchard  &  Son's  arrangement  that  took  ist  in  the  class 
for  groups  occupying  100  square  (eet,  the  principal 
feature  in  it  being  that  it  was  devoid  of  the  colour- 
spotted,  overdone  appearance  which  does  so  much  to 
mar  the  effect  of  groups  of  this  kind.  Messrs  Jones  & 
Sons,  Colon  Hill,  Shrewsbury,  took  the  2d  and  3d  prizes, 
their  exhibits  also  possessing  more  merit  than  often  to 
be  found  in  this  kind  of  decoration. 

In  the  division  confined  to  amateur.^:  only  there  was  a 
marked  improvement  upon  what  the  plants  have  been  in 
former  years. 

With  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  Mr.  H.  Ouen 
took  1st,  for  a  nice  half  dozen,  which  included  a  nicely- 
flowered  Allamanda,  and  a  beautiful  variety  of  Lapageria 
rosea  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  Burd,  Shrewsbury. 

Four  Exotic  Ferns.— ist,  Mr.  W.  R.  Mansell,  Wei- 
lington,  with  nicely  grown  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Owen. 

Three  Coleus.— ist,  Mr.  G.  Burd,  Mayfield,  Shrews- 
bury ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Baker. 

Three  Fuchsias. — ist,  Mrs.  Wace  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Baker. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums,  both  double  and  single  varieties, 
were  present  in  very  good  condition,  Mr.  L.  Burd  taking 
1st  in  the  class  for  three  single  varieties,  and  also  for 
doubles,  Mr.  H.  Owen  being  2d  in  each. 

Collections  of  twenty-five  miscellaneous  plants  in  5-inch 
pots,  not  less  than  fifteen  in  bloom.— ist,  Mr.  L.  Burd  ; 
2d,  Mrs.  Wace. 

Cut  Flowers 
were  plentiful.  With  twenty-four  Roses,  Messrs.  Perkins, 
Warwick  Road,  Coventry,  were   1st  ;  Messrs.  Sandy  & 
Son,  Stafford,  and  Mr.   R.  H.   Vertegans,   Birmingham, 
being  equal  2d. 

Eighteen  Roses. — 1st,  Mr.  E.  Wright  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
H.  Berrington,  Ludlow. 

Thirly-six  Dahlias.— isl,  Mr.  W.  Shaw,  Kidder- 
minster ;  2d,  Messrs.  Heath  &  Sons. 

Twenty-four  Dahlias. — 1st,  Messrs.  Heath  ;  2d,  Mr. 
West,  gr.  to  E.  Wright,  Esq.,  Halston  Hall. 

Nine  Dahlias  (amateurs).— ist,  the  Rev.  J.  II.  E. 
Charter,  Shrewsbury  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  J.  Niven.  Wellington. 

Twelve  single  Dahhas. — ist,  Mr.  G.  H.  Berrington. 

Eighteen  spikes  of  Gladiolus.— 1st,  Mr.  W.  Shaw  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Lambert. 

Twelve  bunches  of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers.—  ist, 
Messrs.  Pritchard  ;  2d,  Mr.  Roberts. 

Twelve  bunches  of  hardy  herbaceous  flowers. — ist, 
Mr.  R.  H.  Vertegans  ;  2d,  Nlessrs.  Jones. 

Single  stand  of  flowers  (open). — 1st,  Messrs.  Jones  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Cypher. 

Stand  of  flowers  (amateurs). — ist  Mr.  E.  W.  Pritch- 
ard ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Jones,  Montford. 

Some  beautiful  bouquets  were  shown.  In  the  open 
class  for  one  bridal  bouquet.  Mr.  Cypher  had  ist, 
Messrs.  Perkins  2d. 

Ball  bouquet. — 1st,  Messrs.  Perkins  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cypher. 

In  the  amateurs'  classes  Mrs.  Wace  had  1st,  with  a 
ball  bouquet,  Mr.  J.  Barker  2d. 

Bridal  bouquet- ist,  Mr.  E.  W.  Pritchard  ;  2d,  Mrs. 
Bacchus. 

Fruit. 

Grapes. — With  six  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  three 
varieties,    Mr.    Young,   gr.   to  J.    Evans,    Esq.,    Hurst 


House,  Prescot,  was  ptaced  ist,  with  well  finished 
bunches  of  Black  Alicante,  Black  Hamburghs,  large  in 
bunch,  but  not  quite  up  in  colour,  and  Madresfield 
Court,  fine  in  bunch  and  berry,  but  also  wanting  in 
colour  ;  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington, 
Elvaston,  was  2d,  with  bunches  a  little  smaller  than  his 
opponent.  They  consisted  of  Black  Hamburghs,  even 
in  bunch  and  berry — well  finished  ;  Madresfield  Court, 
good  ;  and  Muscat  Hamburgh,  handsome  well  filled 
bunches,  black,  and  well  up  in  finish  ;  Mr.  Wallis,  gr. 
to  the  Rev.  W.  Sneyd,  Keele  Hall,  who  was  3d,  had 
also  very  good  bunches. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Gr.ipes.  —  These  were  very 
well  shown  by  Mr.  Lambert,  who  took  the  lead  with 
Black  Hamburghs;  2d,  Mr.  Bennett,  gr.  to  the  Hon. 
C.  H.  Wynn,  Rug,  Corwen,  staging  Alnwick  Seedling 
in  beautiful  condition. 

Four  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  two  varieties. — Here 
Mr.  Young  was  ist,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandiia  and 
Foster's  Seedling,  both  of  which  were  good  examples  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Parker,  gr.  to  J.  W.  P.  Corbett,  Esq.,  Droit- 
wich,  with  .Muscat  of  .Alexandria,  well  finished,  and 
Golden  Champion,  in  beautiful  order. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes. — In  this  class  Mr, 
Purser,  gr.  to  J.  Watson,  Esq.,  Berwick  House,  Shrews- 
bury, took  the  lead  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  well  up 
in  colour  ;  2d,  Mr.  Shepherd. 

Two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  (amateurs). — 1st,  Mr. 
R.  Blakeway  Phillips,  Hanwood  ;  2d  and  3d,  Mr.  G. 
Burr,  The  Ojklands. 

Two  bunches  ol  white  Grapes  (amateurs). — ist  and  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Burr ;  3d,  Mr.  Blakeway  Phillips. 

Collection  of  fruit,  twelve  dishes. — ist,  Mr.  Goodacre, 
his  best  examplas  being  Muscat  of  Alexandria  and 
Madresfield  Court  Grapes,  Charlotte  Rothschild  Pine. 
Goshawk  Peaches,  and  Pine-apple  Nectarines  ;  Mr. 
Parker,  who  was  a  close  2d,  had,  amongst  others,  Mus- 
cat of  Alexandria  and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Royal 
George  Peaches,  Elruge  Nectarines,  a  Queen  Pine,  and 
Moor  Park  .\pricot  ;  3d,  Mr.   Bennett. 

Nine  dishes  of  fruit. — ist,  Mr.  Shepherd,  whose  most 
meritorious  examples  were  nicely  finished  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grapes,  a  g  )od  dish  of  Peaches  and  Apricots  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Lambert. 

Dish  of  Peaches.— ist,  Mr.  W.  Shaw  ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Meakin,  The  Hayes,  Stone. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.-ist,  Mr.  Bennett  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ken- 
nedy, gr.  to  Sir  C.  R.  Boughton. 

Green-flesh  Melon.  — ist,  Mr.  Hawkesford,  gr.  to  Sir 
Vincent  Corbet ;  2d,  Mr.  Goodacre. 

Scarlet-flesh  Melon.— ist.  Mr.  J.  Meakin  ;  2d,  Mr. 
R.  Blakeway  Phillips. 

Commendations  were  given  to  groups  of  miscellaneous 
plants  contributed  by  Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons,  Messrs. 
Jones  &  Sons,  Mr.  Myers,  Shrewsbury,  Messrs.  James 
Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester  ;  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson, 
Chester  ;  Messrs.  Smith,  Worcester  ;  hardy  herbaceous 
flowers  by  Mr.  Vertegans  ;  a  fine  collection  of  vegetables 
by  Messrs.  Webb,  Wordslev  ;  and  new  vegetables  by 
Mr.  T.  Laxton. 


SEVENOAKS     HORTICULTURAL: 
August   ig. 

This  .Society  held  its  eighteenth  annual  exhibition 
in  Montreal  Park,  by  permission  ol  Earl  .\mherst, 
the  pleasure-grounds,  as  well  as  the  park,  being 
thrown  open.  The  weather  was  fine,  and  attracted 
a  large  number  of  visitors.  The  show  was  a  suc- 
cess in  every  way  —  quite  equal  to  any  of  former 
years,  the  plants  being  especially  good  and  well  re- 
presented in  the  different  classes  for  flowering,  fine- 
foliage,  and  Ferns. 

In  the  open  division  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants  in  flower  Mr.  A.  Gibson,  gr.  to  T.  F.  Burnaby 
.\lkins,  l-;sq  ,  Halstead  Place,  near  Sevenoaks,  was  ist, 
with  fine  plants  of  .Mlamanda  nobilis,  Dipladenia  am.a- 
bilis,  Lipageria  alba,  Ixora  Dixiana,  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fouri,  and  Statice  profusa ;  Mr.  Bolton,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Spottiswoode,  Combe  Bank,  Blasted,  was  a  good  2d, 
with  .Anthuriuin  Scherzerianum,  Allamanda  Hendersoni, 
Clerodendron.  Ballouri,  and  C.  fallax,  &c. 

For  a  single  specimen  stove  or  greenhouse  plant  Mr. 
S.  Cooke,  gr.  to  De  B.  Crawshay,  Esq.,  Rosemount, 
Sevenoaks,  was  1st,  with  a  fine  specimen  of  Epidendrum 
prismatocarpura ;  Mr.  Burt,  gr.  to  A.  B.  Mildmay,  Esq., 
Shoreham  Place,  was  2d,  with  a  good  Cattleya  ;  and 
Mr.  Bolton  3d,  with  Ixora  Williamsii. 

Ornamental  foliage  plants  were  largely  shown,  and  in 
fine  condition,  Mr.  J.  Goodman,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Crawshay, 
Bradbourne  Hall,  Sevenoaks,  being  ist,  with  Clbotiuni 
regale,  Latania  borbonica.  Phoenix  reclinata,  Croton 
Williamsii,  Alocasia  Thibautiana,  and  Dasylirion  acro- 
stichoides  ;  Mr.  A.  Waterman,  gr.  to  J.  Brassey,  Esq., 
Preston  Hall,  Ayleslord,  was  2d,  with  Cycas  revoluta, 
Brahea  filamentosa,  Croton  interruptus,  and  C.  undu- 
latus,  &c.  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Bolton  3d. 

Ferns  were  well  represented.  For  six  exotics,  Mr. 
Staples,  gr.  to  H.  Oppenheiin,  Chipstead  Place,  Seven- 
oaks, was  1st  with  Cyathea  medullaris,  Alsophila  excelsa, 
Dicksonia  antarctica,  Adiantum  cardiochlcena,  &c.  ;  Mr. 
Bolton  was  2d,  with  good  plants  of  Cibotium  regale, 
Dicksonia  squarrosa,  &c.  ;  and  Mr.  Goodman  3d.  For 
six  British  Ferns,  Mr,  Bolton  was  ist  ;  Mr.  Meakin,  gr. 
to  C.  R.  Pelle,  Esq.,  Riverhead,  was  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Staples  3d. 

VVilh  six  Fuchsias,  Mr.  Goodman  was  1st  ;  Mr. 
Huntly,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  F.  S.  Curteis,  The  Rectory, 
Sevenoaks,  2d  ;  Mr,  S.  Meakin  3d. 

The  class  for  Begoni.as  here  admits  of  the  fibrous- 
rooted  kinds  being  shown  with  the  tuberous-rooted  with 
much  better  effect  :  Mr.  Meakin  was  ist,  Mr.  Bolton 
2d,  and  Mr.  W.  Searing,  gr.  to  R.  Moncklon,  Esq  , 
Oak  Lodge,  3d. 


28o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  29,  1885. 


TIic  classes  for  Caladiums,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  and 

ArhUi. -■,,-■.,   wr,..  ;.h.,,   wrtl   lillcd. 

ri  ml  ,  Niiililr  |,,i  111,!-'  decoration  were  contributed 
l.y  A  l.iiK''  riiniil,^  I  mI  .■■Jiihiiors.  ]"or  the  best  six,  Mr. 
).  Sli.iip,  jii.  .It  (>iuvc  I'.irk,  was  ist  ;  Mr.  F.  Thorne, 
Kr.  to  K.  D.  Ilodgbon,  Esq  ,  Ashgrove,  2d  ;  and  Mr, 
(ioodman  3d. 

In  the  division  for  sinallr-r  firowT'i  for  four  stove  and 
,Mr,  n1,, ,,,.,■  |,!,ni  ,,  Ml  I  ;;i,  ,,|.  ■,■.,,-,  1  .1  i  Mr.  II.  Val- 
lin  .  ■■■  (■.  [  '.  ■■■  ■-■  1..;.,  ■■'  !  .  il..  .  1,  -■■I  ;  and  Mr.  F. 
!■  n  'M  I  I '.  ,  :  [  I  ,!  .; .  .  ,,.  ■,!  ,1  li.Iiagcd  plants 
Ml  .1,  ,i|.  ■■■.  ,  ,■  1  ,  .h  \..Mm.  .  .  1  ,  ,in,|  Mr.  Noble, 
f;r.  Im  iIm-  Mi,','-,  Am' i<ti,  Old  llniisc,  Sevenoaks,  3d. 
I'lich^i  IS  and  /  irial  I'l-Ur^oniums  were  also  exhibited  in 


One  of  III'-  |iijii'i[t.d  f-'atiircsof  Ihis  Society's  exhibi- 
tion arc  m'""I'     "'   I'liii''-  .in  itii;ri|  fill  (ir.-ct  ;  this  year 

there  wt'ti-   r--   1  ^lllllll■ll  .   ih.w .d,  .uul  they  were 

cspi-cially  w.ll  dMur,  ,\li,  |,  \V,u.ai,i,H,  wa.-;  ist  ;  Mr.  S. 
r-ook.  2d;  Mr.  Iw-nn.-ll.  ^;r.  lu  Mrs.  Cazalct,  Fair 
l-awn,  Tonbridgc.  3d:  and  Mr.  Mcakin,  4lh  ;  Mr. 
Ilolion  and  Mr.  Hubbard,  grs.  to  Captain  Pratt,  Dene 
r,irk.  also  put  up  ^ood  groups.  For  a  group  of  Ferns, 
Mr.  St.iplfs  w.is  i^t  with  a  fine  group,  which  was  almost 
cnlircly  of  Adlantunis  ;  Mr.  A.  Ilatton,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Swanzy  was  ad;  Mr.  Goodman,  3d;  and  Mr.  Water- 
man, 4th  ;  Mr.  I'.  Webber,  of  Tonbridg«,  also  showed 
a  good  group,  not  for  tompclilion.  In  the  second 
division,  for  groujw  of  niisccllam^ous  plants,  Mr.  H, 
V.dlins  was  ist.  Mr.  G.  Wood  2d,  and  Mr.  W, 
.Searing  3d. 

Roses  were  shown  in  much  better  eondition  Ih.an  could 
have  been  expected  considering  the  season.  For  twenty 
distinct  v.arietie.s,  Mr.  R.  Grey.  gr.  lo  l-:,irl  Stanhope,  CIic- 
vening,  Sevenoaks,  was  ist  ;  iln-  \Vr  ,1.  ili,iru  Nursery  and 
.Seed  Co.  2d,  and  Mrs.  SlmI- ,  \'iim-  '.mi  .'tv,  Sevenoaks» 
3d.  Forlwelve,  Mr.  W.  Hliiudrll  u...  1  ,1  .  Mr.  A.  (Jibson, 
l;d  :  anrl  Mr,  I  Hnllint;  woi  ih.  M.iidslune,  3d.  For 
iwiiiv  l"ui  I 'ilili  r,,  di  .iinel,  Mrs.  Seale  was  ist.  with 
a  liiH  '  .11. .  iniii,  iii-l  ,Mi .  Cannell,  2d.  For  twelve,  Mr. 
A,  I.  \V',di,.n,  I  )i|,irn;i..n.  was  ist  ;  Mr.  H.  Jeal,  gr., 
■\-\\K'  Ihorns,  -d.  1-or  twelve  Asters,  Mr.  T.  Robinson, 
gr..  llollingbourne,  was  ist ;  Mr.  Webber,  ad  ;  and  Mr. 
j.  Ilullingworth,  3d.  For  (jladiolus,  six  spikes,  Mr,  S. 
Cook  ist,  Mr.  W,  Searing  2d,  Mr,  Goodman  3d. 
I'or  Phloxes,  six  spikes,  Mr.  IJollon  ist,  Mr.  Noble 
2d,  Westerham  Co.  3d. 

Collections  of  stove  and  greenhouse  cut  flowers  were 
very  good.  Mr.  S.  Cook  ist,  Mr.  Gibson  ad,  and 
Mr.  iVilion  3d.  For  three  pieces  for  table  decoration, 
Mrs.  Il.itton,  The  Quarry,  Sevcno.^ks,  was  ist  ;  A. 
Ilaiton  2il.  For  singU;  cpergne,  A.  Ilatton  ist.  Miss 
Siiiplrs  -d,  Mis,  S.-aring  jd.  and  Mrs.  Ilatton  4th.  For 
hand  1m>ii,)u.1  Mr.  M.akn.  w,r.  1  .1.  and  lor  a  basket  of 
;iria[H:<'d  eui  ll.iwi-rs  Mr.  HuMiaid.  Arranged  groups 
ot  wild  llow.rs  w<  tv  also  stiij^vn.  A  dmncr-mble  dcco- 
ration  of  ntiuaiie  (lowers  and  foliage,  not  for  competi- 
tion, by  Mr.  F.  W.  Scale,  of  Vine  Nursery,  was  espe- 
ci.illy  good,  and  was  much  admired.  A  collection  of 
Odilii;  and  oili.r  .  nt  llowcrs  by  Mrs.  Senle,  not  for 
tinii|M  iiiiMii.  u.i,  1  \iiiLiird  and  liighly  commended  ;  as 
■d  group  of  perennials,  not  for 


Mr 


,  \\'. 


Nr.  ( 


nd    ]'.. 


and 


Ml.  1  lauRll  was   ad. 

Ml    ' Iiiiiii  id.     For  ft   Pmc  Mr.  A.  Henderson,  gr., 

M.ililid.ii  1,11k,  Tonbridge,  ist;  Mr.  Fennell  ad. 
tli.qi'  .  ^M  !<■ 'p-ci. illy  good.  For  three  bunclves  of  black 
Mr,  llriidersoii  was  ist,  Mr.  (J.  F.  Rabjohn,  gr., 
Mirling  Manor,  ad  ;  Mr.  (lOodman  3d.  For  three 
bunches,  while,  Mr.  Gray  was  ist  ;  Mr.  Goodman  ad, 
aiul  Mr.  S.  W.  llill.  gr..  Sidrnp. Place.  3d.  For  a  col- 
Ir.-iiMM  ul  (.i.ipi-,,  ihnr  \,ui.iir,,  Mr.  Gray  ist;  Mr. 
I  .  I  I  .111  111     d,  .ind  Ml     A     I  l-'H.I.  f,on  3d. 

1-.  .1  Mrl,.„,  Ml  s.-MHii:,  ,Mi.  Ilamm,  Mr.  Thorne. 
I'oi  IVmlIk:..  Mr.  Guodui.m.  Mr.  Ilamm,  Mr.  Abbot. 
Fjr  Plums,  dessert,  Mr.  Waterman  was  ist,  Mr.  Bollon 
ad.  For  Plums,  culinary.  Mr.  Sears,  gr,.  Kippington, 
was  ist  :  Mr.  Waterman  ad.  Mr.  Gibson  3d.  For  des- 
sert Apples,  Mr,  W.itrrMMn,  M.  *  t.iplrs,  Mr.  Hubbard. 
l'"or  cuhn.nv  \yy\---.  Mi  W,(mm,i,i,  Mr.  Cooke,  Mr. 
Hi.lion.  r..i  ,l,-,.,ri.  I'r.i,,,  Ml  W.ihiMMn.  Mr.  liolton, 
Mr.  Siaple;.  1...  a  di  ,li  mI  (liMurs.  Mr.  Waterman, 
Mr.  Gibson.  Mr.  Staples. 

The  Westerham  Nursury  and  Seed  Co.  also  exhibited 
a  eolleciion  of  hardy  fruit  and  cut  Howers,  not  for  com- 
petiii..n. 

Ci>lleetions  of  vegetables  were  also  shown  —  Mr. 
lan  was  ist,  Mr.  Staples  ad.  Mr.  Holton  3d. 

The  el.isses  for  cottagers  produced  a  Urge  competition, 
he  Iriiit,  vegetables,  and  plants  being  especially  good. 


\V 


HASTINGS,  ST.   LEONARD'S,    AND 
EAST    SUSSEX:    Aug.  19. 

Wi:  have  t<i  chronicle  anotlier  most  successful  exhi- 
bition of  this  llouiibliing  Society. 

Plants. 


beM  .pr.  nii.n,  nii,,:hl  ,v,u  Imv,!,,-,  i,  ,  M.-nd^d  ii.diiii.-M- 
M,.ns,    ■,>.    d.-ir,  ly   [urlrd  urir  lliry   u  ul,     dieir  l.-ivctive 

tlowers,  whll^t  a  stale  plant  could  hardly,  with  the 
closest  inspection,  have  been  picked  out  in  either  of  the 
classes. 

In  the  open  division  Mr,  Gilbert,  of  Hastings, 
repeated  his  success  of  the  previous  week,  winning  on 
this  occasion  with  some  of  tlie  same  plants,  adding 
thereto  some  most  brilliant  examples,  notably  a  fine 
specimen  of  Kalosuntlies  coccineu  superba,  the  deepest 


in  colour  we  ever  remember  to  have  seen,  and  then  not 
fully  expanded,  and  a  most  floriferous  and  dense  bush  of 
Stalice  Gilbertii.  Erica  aemula  and  Allamanda  \\&n- 
dersoni  were  still  very  fresh  and  fine.  Mr.  Portnell.  gr. 
to  Sir  A.  Lamb,  followed,  a  capital  2d,  having  Uipla- 
denia  amabilis  one  mass  of  flowers,  and  in  vigorous 
health.  Clerodendron  fallax,  with  sixteen  fine  heads  of 
bloom,  was  also  a  striking  object,  whilst  his  specimen 
of  Bougainvillea  glabra  was  covered  with  its  mauve- 
coloured  bracts. 

In  the  next  class,  for  six  specimens,  Mr.  Dennis,  gr.  to 
C.  II.  WoodrofT,  Esq.,  Silver  Hill,  occupied  the  premier 
position  with  well  grown  plants  of  Bougainvillea  glabra, 
tree,  Kalosanihes  coccinea  superba,  and  four  others  ; 
tlie  ad  prize  being  well  won  by  Mr.  Duffm,  gr.  to  S. 
Green.  Kstj.,  Oakwood,  Ore,  in  whose  collection  was  a 
very  fresh  example  of  Gilbert's  variety  of  Statice. 

For  eight  fme-foliage  plants  Mr.  Gilbert  was  also  in 
the  ist  position,  with  a  remarkablv  healthy  collection, 
the  Palms  being  of  that  d,iik  jp'-n  ,,  ,|,„ir  tl)at  is  charac- 
teristic of  good  culture.  I'l  lip  1  111  MM- iiiosa  being  espe- 
cially good  ;  a  fine  Croion  miji  ik  u  ,,  liighly  coloured, 
and  a  clean  plant  of  PhoiMuuiu  ieua,\  variegatum  were 
also  noteworthy.  Mr.  Portnell  was  awarded  the  2d 
place,  with  a  capital  lot  of  plants,  having  Croton  (Jueen 
Victoria,  very  good  ;  so  likewise  were  three  Palms  in  this 
collection.  In  the  3d  prize  collection,  from  Mr.  Dennis, 
was  an  unusually  fine  specimen  of  Areca  sapida,  and  a 
Cycas  revohit.i,  very  healthy. 

Mr.  Gilbert  also  took  the  premier  prize  for  eight  Ferns, 
with  a  fine  example  of  Adiantum  farleyense,  and  good 
specimens  of  Cyathea  dealbata.  and  Dicksonia  antarc- 
tica,  amongst  others.  As  in  the  previous  case,  Mr. 
Portnell  again  came  in  a  capital  ad,  Iiaving  a  very  fine 
Adiantum  formosum. 

For  six  Fuchsias  Mr.  Portnell  won  with  ease,  having  a 
well  grown  and  freely  flowered  lot  among  which  Beauty 
of  the  West,  a  light  coloured  variety,  was  a  striking 
plant. 

In  the  class  for  six  double  Pelargoniums,  Mr.  Portnell, 
in  an  exceedingly  close  competition,  succeeded  in  wrest- 
ing the  premier  honours  from  Mr.  Gilbert,  both  com- 
petitors showing  first-class  specimens  of  culture,  the 
former  exIiil)ilor  having  Pirate  very  bright,  Madame 
I  hiltaiii,  t '.mdidissima  rt.-pl.  with  five  trusses,  Madame 
I.rDi,  D.ihov.  I-:.  V.  Raspail,  and  Lucie  Lemoine,  all 
(r.rly  H..w.ird,  Mr.  (iilbeft  followed  with  the  five 
latter  varuiirs.  and  a  fine  plant  of  Guillen  Mungilli, 
very  fresh  and  healthy. 

In  the  next  class,  that  for  single  varieties,  the  same 
two  exhibitors  ran  each  other  again  most  closely,  the 
awards  being  in  the  same  order  as  given  above.  The  two 
collections  included  finely  flowered  examples  of  Presi- 
dent 'iliiers,  Corsair,  Jules  Grdvy,  Eurydice,  and  Mrs. 
W.ird. 

For  a  mixed  collection  of  six  flowering  and  foliage 
plants.  Mr.  Gilbert  again  took  the  ist  prize,  and  Mr. 
Portnell  the  second,  the  flower  having  compact  and 
floriferous  examples  of  Kalosanthes  and  Stalice,  with  a 
good  Allamand^i,  the  latter  exhibitor  showing  a  healthy 
vigorous  plant  of  Rhopala  corcovadensis  not  seen  in  an 
exhibition  tent  nearly  so  often  as  it  deserves  to  be. 

A  finely  developed  Cycas  revoluta  from  Mr.  Allen, 
gr,  to  Sir  Thomas  Brassey,  Bart.,  Normanhurst, 
took  the  first  prize  as  a  foliage  specimen,  and  a  very 
bright  example  of  Stalice  from  Mr.  Gilbert  that  for  a 
flowering  plant. 

A  class  for  six  Ericas  produced  good  competition  ;  it 
is  quite  a  treat  now-a-days  to  see  such  capital  examples 
of  culture,  not  over  large,  but  healthy  and  freely  flowered. 
Mr.  Gilbert  was,  however,  an  easy  winner  with  a  selec- 
tion of  the  best  varieties,  which,  as  a  guidance  to  intend- 
ing growers  for  the  autumn  season,  we  now  quote,  viz., 
]''.  Excpiisite,  dark  red.  of  sturdy  growth  ;  E.  Aitoniana 
lurgida,  one  of  the  best  whites;  E,  Denisoniana,  another 
Ime  white  that  is  void  of  the  glutinous  substance  on  the 
lluwers,  in  oilier  respects  somewhat  after  E.  Hartnelli  ; 
v..  cerinthoides  coronata,  a  bright  red  ;  E.  Fairreana,  a 
bright  pink  ;  and  E.  Lindleyana,  something  like  E. 
Massoni.  but  a  far  better  grower.  Mr.  Portnell  was 
ad. 

For  six  flowering  plants,  in  the  second  division,  the 
latter  exhibitor  again  showed  a  capital  set  of  plants, 
having  finely  cultivated  and  freely  flowered  examples  of 
I  xora  Willi.amsi  with  extra  trusses,  and  Lapageria  alba, 
the  latter  having  very  fine  flowers  of  the  purest  colour, 
In  another  collection  we  noted  a  good  example  of 
Euphorbia  splendens,  a  plant  now  seldom  seen  exhibited. 
.Some  gooil  examples  of  plants  for  the  decoration  of  the 
dinner-t.dtle  were  shown  by  Mr.  F.  Bishop,  gr.  to  F, 
Peak,  \\SK\,  Croydon,  and  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Gilbert,  The 
tJld  NurM-rlcs,  Brentwood,  Essex. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Tlie  competition  was  keen  in  most  of  the  classes  in 
(liis  department,    particularly  was  this    the    case    with 
table  dreorations,  baskets  of  flowers  and  bouquets,  and 
several  ol  the  unsuccessful  exhibitors  were  highly  to  be  . 
congratulated  on  their  respective  productions. 

In  the  class  open  to  lady  exhibitors  only,  Miss  Stuart, 
Orwell  House,  St.  Leonard's,  was  ist,  with  a  bold  and 
striking  arrangement.  This  basket  was  considerably 
liii:<r  than  is  generally  chosen  fot  the  purpose,  the 
li  indi,-  being  nearly  3  feet  in  height.  This  was  draped 
Willi  I'asMllora  cosrulea  (foliage  and  blossoms),  and  the 
li,i.  l.ci  iiself  judiciously  filled  with  appropriate  flowers. 
In  many  hands  such  a  basket  would  have  been  a  failure  ; 
in  this  case  it  was  a  pronounced  success. 

Bouquets  were  shown  in  considerable  numbers.  The 
three  chosen  for  the  prizes  ran  each  other  closely,  though 
<-ach  displayed  a  diflerent  style.  These  were  from  Mrs. 
IMshop.  Messrs.  Kinmont  &  Kidd,  of  Canterbury,  and 
Mr.  Gilbert. 

Cut  Roses  were  remarkably  good  for  the  season,  the 


two  best  collections  of  twenty-four  blooms  coming  from 
Mr.  Slaughter,  of  Steyning,  and  Messrs.  WooUard,  of 
Cooksbridge.  The  former  exhibitor  was  strong  in  tea- 
scented  kinds,  thus  gaining  an  otherwise  close  run  with 
his  opponents. 

The  other  Rose  classes  were  well  filled  ;  so  also  were 
those  devoted  to  Phlox  Urummondi,  Dahlias  (show  and 
fancy),  Asters,  Verbenas,  and  Gladioh.  those  of  the 
latter  from  Mr.  Thos.  Bunyard,  Ashford,  were  good  in 
spike  and  selection  of  variety. 

The  stove  and  greenhouse  cut  flowers  were  very  at- 
tractive ;  the  two  best  sets  of  twenty-four  kinds  came 
from  Messrs.  Gilbert  and  Portnell,  there  being  little  to 
choose  between  either,  the  former  having  an  advantage 
in  quahty  over  his  opponent  which  carried  the  day. 

A  most  attractive  collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  cut 
flowers,  pompon,  single  and  decorative  Dahlias,  came 
from  Messrs.  Cheal,  of  Crawley  ;  amongst  the  former  was 
included  good  e.\am[jles  of  Fryngium  coelestinum,  Echi- 
nops  retro,  and  l".  y<-\  ii.i,  Si.iiice  incana  hybrida,  and 
Tropruolum  sp-i  ii>  mn,  il,-    I  iiirr  being  very  good. 

Mr.  G.  Gitbrii,  (M,,,,,  ,  Avrnue,  Hastings,  showed 
some  well  growa  '\-.\.m\  |il.iiii.  uf  that  useful  early  Chry- 
santhemum, M.idamu  Dcsgrange, 

Fruit. 

The  fruit  classes  were  well  represented,  Grapes  being 
the  most  notable  feature.  For  three  bunches  of  Black 
Hamburgh,  in  the  open  classes,  Mr.  Allen  was  an  ex- 
cellent ist  with  large  bunches,  good  also  in  colour  and 
berry,  winning  the  ist  prize  also  for  Muscats,  with  three 
good  bunches.  I  n  the  any  other  black  class,  Mr.  J  upp,  gr. 
lo  G,  Boulton.  Esq,,  Eastbourne,  was  easily  xsl,  with 
three  splendid  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court,  well 
coloured  and  free  from  any  symptoms  of  cracked  berries  ; 
Mr.  Johnston,  of  Bayham  Abbey  Gardens,  taking  the  ad, 
with  Alnwick  Seedling  in  good  condition  ;  whilst  Black 
Prince,  which  a  few  years  back  would  have  won  without 
much  difficulty,  had  to  be  content  with  the  3d  place. 

Cherries  were  finely  shown  by  Mr.  Wilson,  Pluckley, 
Kent. 

Two  classes  provided  for  Apples  brought  together 
some  good  examples,  particularly  the  premier  lot  of 
dessert  fruit  from  Messrs.  Wooliard,  who  had  White 
Transparent,  very  fine  ;  Mr.  J  upp  being  ad  with  Red 
Aslrachan.  With  culinary  fruit,  Mr.  Gilmour  took  the 
ist,  having  fine  samples  of  Lord  Suffield. 

Mr.  Jupp  was  in  the  front  with  Peaches,  in  fine  fruit 
of  Walburton  Admirable  ;  W.  Dennis  ad,  with  Royal 
George,  Early  Rivers  being  also  shown  in  good  order ; 
the  last-named  exhibitor  also  taking  isl  for  Plums,  with 
good  examples  of  Kirke's. 

Vegetables. 

These  classes  were  exceedingly  well  filled,  some  high- 
class  examples  of  culture  being  displayed. 

The  ist  prize  for  nine  sorts  was  well  won  by  Mr.  Foster, 
gr.  to  Mr.  Smith,  Ore,  near  Hastings  ;  he  had  Peas, 
Onions,  Cauliflowers,  and  Celery,  very  fine  indeed.  The 
same  exhibitor  was  also  prominent  in  the  other  vegetable 
classes  with  excellent  samples. 

Potatos  were  in  fine  condition  from  Mr.  Sutton,  Hoi- 
hnglon,  and  from  Mr.  Duke,  of  Battle. 

The  several  classes  allotted  to  amateurs  and  cottagers 
were  well  represented  ;  the  plants,  flowers,  and  vege- 
tables front  ihe  latter  growers  bore  evidence  of  the  excel- 
lence of  their  culture,  particularly  during  such  a  long 
period  of  drought  as  we  have  ol  late  experienced. 

The  grounds  of  the  Alexandra  Park,  in  which  the 
show  was  held,  were  thronged  with  visitors  throughout 
the  afternoon.  We  also  noted  that  Mr.  Stuart,  the 
energetic  Secretary,  was  busy  paying  the  prize-money, 
instead  of  leaving  this  important  item  in  the  programme 
to  be  gone  through  at  some  future  period. 


HIGH     WYCOMBE     HORTICULTURAL. 

Thi^  sixth  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held  in 
Wycombe  Abbey  Park  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  19.  A 
specially  ornamental  feature  of  tlie  exhibition  was 
alTorded  by  the  entries  for  the  extra  prizes  given  for 
groups  of  plants  ;  there  were  five  entries,  and  the  com- 
petition was  very  close.  The  ist  prize  fell  to  a  very  hand- 
some group,  consisting  principally  of  varieties  of  Coleus 
and  Begonia.  Another  extra  prize  for  groups  of  Ferns, 
grasses,  and  mosses,  brought  out  three  entries.  The 
other  extras  included  specimens  of  table  ornaments  (three 
vases,  stands,  or  dishes),  and  buttonholes — the  latter 
competition  being  for  ladies  only.  The  first-named  class 
made  a  capital  show.  The  ist  prize  was  given  to  an 
entry  which  was  held  to  have  excelled  the  others  in  the 
lightness  and  natural  elegance  of  its  disposal.  In  the 
respective  half-dozens  gaining  ist  and  ad  prizes,  white 
Roses  and  Tuberoses  were  chiefly  used  ;  in  the  3d, 
Roses  and  Carnations. 

In  the  section  for  plants,  embracing  eight  classes,  there 
was  a  fair  competition,  but  nothing  calling  for  special 
notice. 

In  Section  II.,  for  cut  flowers,  some  very  fine  Zinnias, 
Asters,  and  Phloxes  were  shown.  The  Roses  were  also 
very  good,  the  1st  prize  being  taken  by  six  very  hand- 
some blooms. 

Section  IH. — Fruit — was  well -con  tested  in  nearly  every 
subject  ;  Grapes,  especially  the  black  varieties,  deserved 
every  praise,  and  some  of  the  dishes  of  Peaches  were 
very  fine.  Apricots  were  plentifully  sliown,  though  the 
quality  was  not  high  ;  Plums  were  good,  despite  the  fact 
that  some  of  the  dishes  contained  unripe  specimens  ; 
Cherries,  Gooseberries,  Currants,  and  .Apples  were  uni- 
formly good,  in  fact  the  whole  show  of  fruit,  with  few 
exceptions,  gained  high  praise  from  the  judges. 

So  far  we  have  spoken  of  the  amateurs'  or  open  classes, 
la  the  cottagers'  and  allotment-holders'  department  the 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


2^1 


window  plants  were  somewhat  disappointing  in  number, 
only  twelve  plants  being  shown  in  three  classes  for  six 
plants,  three,  and  one  respeclively. 

For  vases  and  nosegays  of  wild  flowers  there  was  a 
close  competilion,  somewhat  less  than  last  year,  owing 
to  the  scarcity  of  hedgerow  blossoms,  but  still  nierj- 
torious, 

Fkuit.— The  fruit  in  this  portion  of  the  show  was 
excellent  in  all  classes,  with  perhaps  the  exception  ol 
Green  Gages,  for  which  there  was  only  one  entry. 
Apples,  Cherries,  Gooseberries,  and  Currants,  were  oti 
the  whole  the  best  classes. 

Several  exhibits  included  in  the  show  were  not  for 
competition,  among  them  a  stand  ol  show  and  fancy 
Dahlias,  with  a  collection  of  bouquet  and  single  Dahlias 
and  Gladioli  from  Mr.  Walker's  nurseries,  Thame  ;  a 
lot  of  show  Dahlias  grown  by  Mr.  Turner,  Slough,  in- 
cluding some  new  and  very  fine  varieties  ;  a  stand  of 
French  Marigolds  from  Miss  M.  Coyle,  Springfield  ; 
handsome  Petunias  and  Carnations  from  Mr.  J.  Wright, 
Temple  End  ;  and  a  specimen  of  llie  curious  shrub 
Rhus  Cotinus  from  Mr.  A.  I'elly,  Loudwater ;  a  collec- 
tion of  field  roots  from  Mr.  C  Stone,  Marsh  Farm. 

'J'urning  to  the  Vkgetables  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that 
both  in  the  amateurs'  and  cottagers'  classes  there  was  a 
splendid  show.  Potatos  and  Onions  carried  oft"  the 
palm,  but  with  the  exception  of  Peas  there  was  no  class 
not  well  represented.  Much  interest  was  shown  in  a 
collection  of  Potatos  from  Sir  Philip  Rose's  gardens  at 
Rayners,  sent  for  exhibition  ;  this  included  dishes  of 
fifty-two  varieties,  all  in  the  best  condition,  and  as  each 
was  labelled  with  its  name  a  valuable  opportunity  was 
afforded  of  comparing  the  merits  of  different  kinds  of 
this  indispensable  tuber. 


EXETER   HORTICULTURAL. 

The  annual  summer  exhibition  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  Friday  the  21st  inst.,  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of 
Northernhay,  by  the  kind  permission  of  the  Town 
Council.  The  exhibition  itself  was  a  great  success.  As 
we  should  be  thankful  for  small  things  the  committee 
should  take  courage  at  the  slight  increase  of  patronage 
accorded  them  on  this  occasion,  and  continue  to  direct 
their  efforts  in  securing  still  more. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.,  of  the  Exeter 
Nurseries,  kindly  lent  a  fine  collection,  arranged  on  a 
100  feet  run  of  staging  in  the  centre  of  one  of  ihe  tents, 
which  added  very  materially  to  the  attractions  of  the 
day.  Their  Allamandas,  of  which  there  were  some  half 
dozen  specimens,  were  grand.  Clerodendron  Balfouri- 
anum,  and  Dipladenia  Brearleyana,  were  also  well 
flowered  ;  Amaryllis,  single  and  double  Begonias,  with  a 
fine  background  of  tall  Palms,  and  smaller  ones  inter- 
spersed in  the  collection  formed  a  very  pleasing  display 
The  same  firm  exhibited  five  boxes  of  cut  flowers  o(  ihe 
following  kinds  : — Carnation,  herbaceous,  Phloxes,  Phlox 
Urummondi,  French  and  Victoria  Asters,  &c. 

Messrs.  Veitch  and  Son,  of  Exeter,  also  contributed  a 
very  choice  collection  of  plants,  including  a  very  fine 
lot  of  new  double  Begonias,  Liliums  in  variety,  boxes 
of  very  fine  double  Hollyhocks,  which  arc  now  rarely 
seen  and  quite  a  treat  to  see  ;  also  boxes  of  Roses, 
Carnations,  single  and  double  Dahlias,  &c. 

Plants 
were  exhibited  in  good  form,  as  usual.  Mr.  Lock,  gr. 
to  W.  B.  Clease,  Esq-,  Newcombe,  Crediton,  took  ist 
for  ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower,  his  prin- 
cipal specimen  being  Erica  Fairrieana.  Allamanda  nobilis, 
Dipladenia  australis.  Erica  cemula,  Ixora  Duffl  (nearly 
twenty  heads  of  bloom),  a  grand  plant ;  Clerodendron 
Balfourianum,  &c.,  all  splendidly  flowered  ;  Mr.  Rowland, 
gr.  to  W.  Brock,  Esq  ,  Parker's  Well  House,  Exeter, 
took  2d  with  a  very  creditable  lot  of  plants. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower,  Mr. 
Teed,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Ensor,  was  awarded  1st  honours. 

Mr.  Lock  again  secured  ist  prize  for  nine  stove  and 
greenhouse  foliage  plants  with  Thrinax  elegans,  Alocasia 
ihibautiana,  Cycas  revoluta,  a  magnificent  specimen  ; 
Gleichenia  rupestris  glauca,  Croton  Warreni,  finely 
coloured,  Kentia  Fosteriana  and  Belmoreana,  two  beau- 
tiful specimens  Croton  Truffautianus  and  Croton  Wil- 
liamsi  ;  Mr.  Rowland  again  taking  second  place  wiih 
a  very  nice  collection  indeed,  consisting  of  a  fine 
Thrinax  elegans,  Areca  rubra,  Croton  Disraeli  and 
Andreanus,  &c. 

Mr.  Lock  was  again  an  easy  ist  with  a  capital  col- 
lection of  nine  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns,  including 
(ileichenia  speluncK,  6  leet  in  diameter ;  Davallia 
polyantha,  8  feet  diameter  ;  D.  Tyernianni,  and 
Mooreana,  8  feet  ;  Ncphrolepis  davallioides  Jurcans, 
Gleichenia  rupestris  glaucescens,  and  Adiantum  cardio- 
chlfcna  and  trapeziforme. 

For  miscellaneous  groups  of  plants  arranged  for 
effect  on  a  stage  25  feet  by  5  feet.  Mr.  Rowland  succeeded 
in  taking  1st,  with  a  very  beautiful  collection  indeed, 
consisting  of  fine  Cocos  Weddelliana  at  back,  with  some 
splendid  bits  of  Dipladenia  anmbilis,  D.  hybrida,  and 
I).  Brearleyana,  Oleanders,  Valotta  purpurea,  single  and 
double  Begonias,  Liliums  in  variety,  with  small  plants  of 
Cocos  Eulalia  japonica  variegata,  Cyperus  alternifolius 
variegata  interspersed  ;  the  whole  with  a  front  of  Pani- 
cum  variegatum,  Ferns,  &c. 

For  miscellaneous  groups  of  plants  on  a  stage  15  feet 
by  5  feet,  Mr.  Teed  was  awarded  ist,  with  a  very  pretty 
collection,  including,  besides  Palms,  Liliums,  Eucharis, 
(iloxinias,  Ericas  in  variety,  Valottas,  &c.,  and  was  very 
tastefully  arranged. 

For  six  I*"uchsias,  Mr.  J.  Staddon  was  1st. 

For  six  Lycopodiums. — Mr.  A  Truman. 

For  twelve  Gloxinias. — Mr.  Staddon,  who  had  a  very 
fine  collection. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  British  Ferns,  Mr.  Mollon  was 


awarded  ist ;  and  in  that  for  six  hardy  exotic  Ferns, 
Mr.  Mollon  was  ist. 

Six  Cockscombs. — ist,  Mr,  Mollon,  who  had  very  fine 
heads  of  bloom  nearly  18  inches  across. 

In  the  class  for  nine  tuberous  rooted  Begonias,  Mr. 
Counter  and  Mr.  Rowland  were  placed  equal  ists,  both 
staging  excellent  plants ;  and  for  six  zonal  Pelargoniums 
(single),  Mr.  Staddon  scored  ist  honours. 

Cl't  Flowers. 

Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co,,  Torquay,  were  ist 
with  a  beautiful  box  of  Roses. 

Mr.  J.  Nation,  Taunton,  was  ist,  with  very  fine  fresh 
blooms  of  forty-eight  Dahlias. 

J.  Dobree,  Esq.,  Taunton,  was  ist,  with  a  very  fine 
lot  of  iorty-eight  Gladioli,  but  not  so  good  as  usual,  no 
doubt  owing  to  the  dry  season. 

Fruit. 

Fruit  was  quite  a  special  feature  of-  the  exhibition, 
especially  Grapes,  137  bunches  being  staged,  and  each 
one  a  credit  to  the  exhibitor. 

For  a  collection  of  fruit,  ten  dishes  distinct,  four  com- 
petitors entered  the  lists,  all  putting  up  fine  collections, 
and  running  each  other  very  close. 

For  six  varieties  of  (Jrapes.  one  bunch  of  each,  six 
competitors  entered  for  competition,  and  here  the  contest 
was  very  keen.  Mr.  f.  Westcott  was  eventually  declared 
the  winner  of  the  ist  prize,  though  his  collection  was 
considered  by  many  competent  to  judge  not  the  best.  He 
had  Madresfield  Court  and  Lady  Uowne's,  fine  bunches, 
but  not  coloured  well  ;  Alnwick  Seedling  was  good  ; 
Golden  Champion  and  Duke  of  Buccleuch  fine  in  bunch 
and  berry,  and  ripe  ;  Duchess  of  Buccleuch  rather  over- 
ripe. Mr.  Ward,  gr.  to  Earl  Radnor,  was  placed 
2d.  He  had  a  fine  collection — Gros  Maroc,  medium 
size  bunch  ;  Madresfield  Court,  good  ;  Foster's  Seedling, 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  fine  bunches  and  berries,  but 
not  quite  ripe  ;  Black  Prince  and  Alnwick  Seedling,  fine 
bunches  and  well  coloured.  Mr.  James,  gr.  to  Sir  J. 
Walrond,  Bradfield,  was  awarded  an  extra  prize,  witli 
a  very  fine  lot  of'bunches  indeed,  Alnwick  SeedUng  and 
Black  Alicante  being  especially  good. 

The  5-guinea  Cup,  given  by  R.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons, 
nurserymen,  Exeter,  was  won  by  Mr.  Ward,  gr.  to  Earl 
Radnor,  Longlord  Castle,  Wilis  ;  2d,  Mr.  Powell,  gr. 
to  the  Earl  of  Devon,  Powderham  Castle. 

The  classes  for  single  dishes  of  three  bunches  each 
were  numerously  contested. 

Three  Black  Hamburghs.  — ist,  Mr.  J.  Langworthy, 
gr.  to  P.  Ben  more,  Esq.,  Exmouth,  who  had  one  very 
large  bunch,  the  largest  in  the  exhibibition,  and  two 
smaller  ones,  but  were  not  well  coloured  ;  Mr.  ]ames 
took  2d.  with  three  fine  even  bunches,  good  berries,  and 
well  finished  and  deserving  of  more  notice  by  the  judges. 

Three  bunches  of  Muscats.  —  1st,  Mr.  Stevens,  gr.  to 
C.  D.  Cave,  Sidbury  Manor,  Sidmouth,  fine  bunches  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Barnes,  with  equally  fine  bunches,  but  thinned 
rather  too  much. 

Three  bunches  any  other  sort,, black. — ist,  Mr.  Stevens, 
with  fine  examples  of  Alnwick  Seedling. 

Three  bunches  any  other  sort,  white. — ist,  Mr.  Ward, 
with  three  perfect  bunches  of  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
weighing  together  12J  lb. ;  2d,  Mr.  Barnes,  same  variety. 

Nine  Peaches. — 1st,  Mr.  James,  with  Crawfurd's 
Early. 

Nine  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Seeward,  gr.  to  Sir  H. 
Davie,  Creedy  Park,  Crediton. 

Melon,  Green-flesh. — 1st,  Mr.  Seeward,  with  Hero  01 
I-^ckinge, 

Melon,  Scarlet-flesh. — ist,  Mr.  Mairs. 

Nine  Apricots. — ist,  Mr.  Mairs. 

Nine  Figs.— ist,  Mr.  B.  C.  Gidley. 

Nine  Pears  — ist,  Mr.  Geeson,  with  Beurr6  Giffard. 

Nine  Apples,  dessert  —  1st,  Mr.  Mairs  ;  2d,  Mr.  Teed. 

Nine  Apples,  kitchen. — 1st,  Mr.  Underdown,  gr.  to 
Sir  John  Kennaway,  Escot,  with  Lord  Suffield. 

Twelve  Plums,  yellow. — 1st,  Mr.  Powell. 

Twelve  Plums,  dark.  — ist,  Mr.  Lang,  gr.  to  Lord 
Poltimore. 

One  pound  of  Cherries. — 1st,  Mr.  Powell. 

One  pound  of  Red  Currants. — ist,  Mr.  Powell. 

One  pound  of  White  Currants. — ist,  Mr.  Powell. 

Vf.getarles. 

These  were  excellent,  also  numerously  contested. 
The  prizes  offered  by  Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  ^:  Co., 
for  collections  of  twelve  distinct  kinds,  brought  six  com- 
petitors, each  showing  superb  collections.  Mr.  Sparks, 
gr.  to  A.  Barnelt,  Esq.,  Tiverton,  highly  deserved  the 
1st  prize  awarded  to  him  ;  he  staged  splendid  Aulunm 
Giant  Cauliflower,  International  Kidney  Potato,  Gold- 
finder  Peas,  Wright's  Grove  While  Celery  (remarkably 
good  sticks).  Tender  and  True  Cucumber,  Snowball 
Turnip,  (Jolden  Globe  Onion,  Long  While  Marrows, 
Student  Parsnips,  Dedham  Favourite  Tomato  (a  beauti- 
ful dish).  Improved  Intermediate  Carrot,  and  an  excep- 
tionally fine  dish  of  Scarlet  Runners.  Mr.  Leach  took 
2d,  wirh  a  very  good  collection  indeed,  his  best  dishes 
being  Girtford  Giant  Runner  Beans,  Red  Globe  Turnip, 
Duke  of  Albany  Peas,  Sulham  Prize  Celery  (very  fine), 
Hathaway's  Exeelsior  Tomato,  International  Potato,  the 
Improved  Intermediate  Carrot,  and  Carentan  Leeks  (very 
fine).  3d,  Mr.  H.  Payne,  gr.  to  Colonel  Troyle,  Hunts- 
ham. 

Honey. 

Best  six  2  lb.  sections. — ist,  Mr.  Geeson. 

Table  Decorations. 

These  were  not  competed  for  so  strongly  as  formerly. 
Miss  Osmond  taking  ist,  Mrs.  Sander  ad— being  con- 
fined to  ladies  only. 


A  COTTAGERS'  SHOW. 

It  w.\s  indi'ctl  a  surprise  at  Earley  the  other  day,  after 
noimg  llio  L-xuessively  dried  up  aspect  of  jjistures  and 
the  apparent  suffering  of  the  trees,  to  find,  m  the  tents 
set  apart  in  the  pleasure  grounds  of  1-:  irley  Court,  the 
residence  of  Captain  Hall,  and  which  overlook  Reading, 
a  display  of  coliagers'  garden  produce,  ihe  which,  for 
the  season  can  only  be  termed  rem;iikable.  How  it 
happens  that  with  almost  every  one  complaining  ol 
being  burnt  up,  and  crops  of  all  kind  f.ulmg,  cottagers 
in  any  locality  should  seem  to  be  so  much  better  off  than 
even  privatt;  gardeners,  can  only  be  explained  by  the  pre- 
sumption thai  in  their  small  gardens  watering  is  not  anab- 
solute  impossibility,  and  that  some  either  have  specially 
lavoured  soils,  or  else  trench  deeply.  At  any  rate,  there 
could  have  been  seen  hardly  a  severer  test  of  good  cul- 
ture than  was  founil  in  the  singularly  perfect  and  clean 
samples  of  the  new  Intermediate  Carrots,  about  10  inches 
long,  tapering,  and  really  beautiful.  Then  there  were 
also  some  first-class  Pprsnips  as  good  as  good  be  wished 
for,  although  some  others,  if  clean  and  straight,  are  con- 
clusive evidence  of  the  severe  struggle  they  had  had  with 
the  liardbaked  soil.  Potatos  were  shown  in  collections, 
and  in  four  smgic  dish  sections,  and  in  two  divisions,  and 
consisted  of  many  scores  of  plates.  These  were  all,  Jor 
the  season,  excellent,  and  raised  doubts  whether  the 
reported  drought  was  not  after  all  illusory.  There  were 
good  Peas,  Cabbages,  Runner  Beans,  Onions,  really 
beauiilul  Celery,  and  other  good  vegetables — as  good 
indeed  as  could  be  looked  for  from  cottagers  anywhere. 

Plants,  loo,  are  capitally  done  arouml  Earley,  espe- 
cially Fuchsias,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  lack  of  garden 
flowers  also.  Tfte  local  Society  is  tavoured  by  having 
active  officials,  and  numerous  parks  and  gardens  in 
which  to  hold  their  annual  exhibitions,  and  it  is  plainly 
evident  that  it  is  e.xercis'ing  a  good  mfluence  upon  the 
cottagirs  ol  tlic  district. 


CHERRIES    UNDER    GLASS. 

\'0UR  correspondent  *' Cerasus  "  desires  informa- 
tion as  to  the  cost  of  cultivating  Cherries  under  glass. 
Although  r  have  lor  nearly  twenty  past  years  grown 
these  in  this  way  very  successfully,  ttdl  I  am  unable 
to  answer  his  question  in  a  definite  way,  simply  on 
account  of  the  produce  not  being  markeleii  ;  but  it  the 
price,  "namely.  lOi.  per  pound,"  which  an  eminent 
fruiterer  in  Covent  Garden  Market  has  allowed  me  on 
several  occasions  early  in  the  month  of  May,  when  at 
his  request  I  have  obliged  him  with  a  few  pounds  of 
them,  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  estimate  ot  their  value 
in  the  market  at  that  dale  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
aflicming,  after  duly  considering  the  cost  ot  produc- 
tion, that  this  is  a  crop  that  would  be  remunerative. 
For  ilus  ot'ject  I  should  neiiher  grow  the  plants  in 
pots  nor  ripen  ihem  at  their  natural  season,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  resort  to  the  more  natural  process  of 
planting  the  trees  in  suitable  and  properly  made 
borders,  and  train  them  in  the  house  in  a  similar  way 
to  I'each  trees,  and,  above  all,  have  Cherries  ripe  and 
fit  for  market  as  early  in  May  as  possible,  as  at  this 
period,  owing  to  the  foreign  supply  not  being  in  an 
abundance,  and  from  the  superior  flavour  of  English 
as  compared  with  foreign  ones,  there  would  doubtless 
be  a  fair  demand  in  the  market  for  them  at  a  remune- 
rative price. 

The  second  question,  as  to  the  distinctive  features  on 
this  subject,  which,  above  others,  fits  it  for  house 
cultivation,  I  consider  to  be  its  adaptability  for  the 
purpose.  Secondly,  the  small  relative  cost  involved 
in  the  operations  ;  and  thirdly,  of  the  advantage 
obtained  in  having  a  most  luscious  kind  of  fruit  ripe 
and  fit  for  use  at  a  period  of  the  year  at  which, 
above  all  others,  it  is  much  required.  With  these 
reasons  I  concur  with  your  correspondent,  "  Cera- 
sus,"  and  further  add,  by  all  means  hive  a  Cherry- 
house  as  well  asa  I'each-house. 

I  have  for  many  years  past  advocated  the  erection 
of  Cherry-houses,  and  at  different  times  furnished  in 
my  papers  upon  this  subject  full  details  under  which  a 
crop  of  them  may  with  certainty  be  secured  every 
year,  and  to  show,  not  in  an  individual  case,  their 
longevity  in  houses,  I  may  add  that  now  I  am  "  very 
reluctantly,  through  age  and  exhaustion,"  about  to 
remove  an  olil  favouriie  tree,  a  liiack  Ciicasjian  of 
eighteen  years'  standing,  which  covers  a  surface  of 
trellis  of  I2  by  16  feet,  the  fruit  from  which  has 
carried  me  through  many  a  contest  safely. 

The  cultivation  of  Cherries  in  pots  is  a  very 
interesting  method  of  culture  by  which  capital  crops 
of  Cherries  can  be  secured  for  commercial  purposes. 
However,  the  plan  is  not  so  simple  or  safe,  because, 
unless  the  management  is  entrusted  to  experienced 
and  skilful  hands,  the  risk  of  failure,  especially  from 
injudicious,  or  neglect  in,  watering,  which  makes  it 
palpably  greater  than  under  more  natural  conditions 
of  planting  out.   G.  T.  Miles,  Wycomh-  Abbey. 


282 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


NEW    HOLLAND    PLANTS    AT 

KEW. 

It  is  generally  understood  that  the  first  New 
Holland  plants  introduced  to  this  country  were  due 
to  the  voyage  of  Captain  Cool<  between  the  years 
176S  and  17S0,  who  was  accompanied  on  his  first 
voyage  by  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  Joseph)  Banks  as 
naturalist  and  botanist.  The  number  recorded  in 
Aiton's  /lortiis  A'ai'cnsis  is,  however,  few.  The  next 
introductions  were  due  to  the  voyages  of  Captain 
Vancouver,  who  was  accompanied  by  Archibald 
Menzies  as  surgeon  and  botanist.  The  ship  touching 
at  King  deorge's  .Sound  afforded  Menzies  the  oppor- 
tunity of  collecting  seeds  of  many  new  plants,  which 
were  transmitted  to  Kew  in  1794,  and  considerably 
increased  the  collection,  especially  in  ProteaccK.  The 
next  introductions  were  due  to  the  voyage  of  Captain 
Flinders,  who  surveyed  the  coast  of  New  Holland, 
accompanied  by  Robert  Brown  as  botanist,  and  Peter 
Good,  a  young  gardener,  as  assistant  and  seed  col- 
lector. By  their  labours  ^reat  additions  were  made 
to  the  Kew  collection — Good's  dated  1803,  and 
Brown's  1S05. 

The  next  special  collector  was  George  Caley,  a 
professional  horse  doctor,  who  became  interested  in 
botany  through  collecting  plants  for  his  horse  medi- 
cine. He  became  known  to  Sir  George  Banks,  who 
in  iSoi  appointed  him  botanical  collector  in  New 
South  Wales  for  Kew.  lie  remained  about  ten  years 
in  the  colony,  botanising  chiefly  in  the  country  about 
Sydney  and  the  Blue  Mountains,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  plants  were  introduced  by  him.  The 
above  introductions  and  a  number  introduced  by 
Messrs.  Lee  &  Kennedy,  of  the  Hammersmith 
Nursery,  and  a  few  by  private  individuals,  are  all  re- 
corded in  the  second  volume  of  the  Hcrlus  A'c-wmsis, 
1S13-14,  the  total  number  being  350. 

In  1S14  James  Bowie  and  Allan  Cunningham 
were  appointed  botanical  collectors  for  Kew.  After 
spending  two  years  in  Brazil,  they  parted,  Bowie 
proceeding  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  Cun- 
ningham to  New  South  Wales.  Arriving  at  Sydney, 
1816,  during  part  of  that  time  he  accompanied  Capt, 
King  in  four  voyages  of  survey  of  the  coast  of  New 
Holland  ;  after  this  he  not  only  botanised  in  all 
parts  of  the  Sydney  district,  but  also  into  the  interior, 
over  the  Blue  Mountains,  and  visited  Moreton  Bay 
and  Norfolk  Island.  By  these  voyages  and  journeys 
he  made  large  collections  of  herbarium  specimens 
and  seeds,  and  sent  many  cases  of  living  plants  to  Jvew. 
At  that  time  Australian  plants  were  much  patronised 
by  amateur  collectors,  which  led  the  proprietor  of  the 
Clapton  Nursery  (which  had  j'ist  been  established)  in 
1S23  to  despatch  William  Baxter  to  Australia  as  seed 
collector  for  that  establishment.  On  arriving  at 
Sydney  he  hired  a  vessel  to  convey  him  to  King 
George's  Sound,  where  he  made  large  collections  of 
seeds,  especially  ProteaccK,  and  through  this  the  Clap- 
ton Nursery  became  famed  for  Australian  plants. 

He  made  a  second  voyage  from  Sydney  to  King 
(George's  Sound  and  Lucky  B.ay,  and  made  large 
collections  of  seeds,  which  by  purchase  became  the 
property  of  Mr.  Knight,  the  nurseryman  at  King's 
Koad,  Chelsea,  whose  establishment  for  a  short  time 
was  famed  for  Australian  plants.  From  both  these 
establishments  collections  of  the  new  plants  were 
presented  to  Kew, 

In  1S2S  the  .Swan  River  Colony  was  founded,  and 
Captain  Stirling  was  appointed  Governor.  He  took 
with  him  William  Morrison,  a  gardener,  from  Kew, 
who  became  a  seed  collector,  and  forwarded  collec- 
tions to  this  country  for  sale.  Other  collections  were 
from  time  to  time  made  in  that  colony,  the  principal 
being  made  by  James  Drummond,  a  trader,  who 
forwarded  many  collections  to  this  country  for  sale. 
By  the  above  means  and  other  sources  the  Kew 
collection  became  greatly  increased. 

In  1823  the  whole  of  the  collections  came  under 
my  charge,  and  the  introductions  of  Allan  Cunningham 
and  those  above  mentioned  were  raised  and  cultivated 
by  me  up  to  1S64,  the  collection  at  that  date  number- 
ing '°j7  species,  of  which  a  large  number  were 
figured  in  the  Bolanica!  Mai^azine,  and  other  horli. 
cultural  periodicals  of  the  day.     Among  them  were:  — 

Species.  .Species. 

Anadenia        ..        ..       3  Iscpogou  ..  .,  14 

Hanksia             (about)  40  Lambertia  . .  . .       4 

Bellcndena     ..         ..       2  Lomatia  ..  .,       4 

Cen.mhencs  ..          ..       i  Perso -nia  ..  ,.       8 

CuuuspLTinum           ..       3  Petropliila  .,  ..       4 

Dryandia        ..          ..  17  Steoocarpus  ..  ..       3 


Of  the  above  list  sixty-four  species  were  recorded  prior 
to  the  publication  of  Aiton's  Hartus  A'c-ariisis  in 
1S14.  In  1S23  they  were  with  the  general  collection 
of  greenhouse  plants  grown  in  two  lean-to  houses 
Dr.  Lindley  in  his  report  laid  before  Parliament  in 
1S40,  says: — "A  Botany  Bay  house,  no  feet  long, 
crowded  with  magnificent  specimens  of  New  Holland 
and  other  plants,  especially  the  former,  and  a  green- 
house (Cape-house),  60  feet  long,  chiefly  filled 
with  specimens  of  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New 
Holland  plants,  among  which  are  some  noble 
Banksias."  Consequent  on  the  stage  arrange- 
ment of  these  houses  none  of  the  plants  could 
exceed  6  feet  high,  and  the  largest  pots  they  were 
grown  in  were  20  inches  to  2  feet.  In  184S  the  house 
called  No.  1  Conservatory  became  empty,  conse- 
quent, on  the  removal  ol  its  contents  to  the  Palm- 
house,  and  they  were  succeeded  by  a  collection  of  Pro- 
teacc;v  (.■Australian  and  Cape)  and  other  tall-growing 
plants.  From  year  to  year  they  increased  in  size.  By 
1S62  many  of  the  Banksias  and  Myrtacc.-e  were 
growing  in  boxes  3  feet  to  4  feet  square ;  many 
of  the  Banksias  and  Dryandras  having  become 
large  plants  and  flowering  abundantly,  of  which 
the  following  are  the  sizes  of  a  few  of 
the  principal  :— Banksia  australis,  height  24  feet ; 
girth  of  stem,  2  feet  5  inches  ;  spread  of  branches,  12 
feet  ;  aged  40  years.  B.  inlegtifolia,  height  22  feet  ; 
girth  of  stem,  2  feet  6  inches  ;  spread  of  br.anches,  12 
feet ;  aged  40  years.  B.  compar,  height  23  feet  ;  girth 
of  stem,  I  foot  3  inches  ;  spread  of  branches,  7  feet  ; 
aged  27  years.  B.  .Solandri,  height  20  feet  ;  girth  of 
stem,  I  foot  ;  spread  of  branches,  13  feet  ;  aged  29 
years — a  grand  plant,  the  only  specimen  in  Europe. 
B.  serrata,  height  iS  feet;  girth  of  swollen  base,  2 
feet  ;  spread  of  branches,  10  feet  ;  aged  40  years.  B. 
spinulosa,  height  6  feet;  girth  of  stem,  i  foot  3  inches; 
spread  of  branches,  4  feet ;  aged  35  years.  B.  Cun- 
ninghamii,  height  16  feet  ;  girth  of  stem,  i  foot  8 
inches  ;  spread  of  branches,  15  feet;  aged  3S  years. 
K.  ericifolia,  height  10  feet ;  girth  of  siem,  I  foot  6 
inches  ;  spread  of  branches,  6  feet  ;  aged  35  years. 
B.  latifolia,  height  12  feet;  several  stems;  aged  35 
years;  B.   elatior,  height   12  feet  ;  B.  Caleyi,  height 

9  feet.  B.  littoralis,  height  S  feet,  spreading,  aged 
40  years  ;  B.  media,  height  5  feet,  thick  bush,  spread 
of  branches  4  feet,  aged  38  years  ;  B.  grandis,  height 

10  feet,  girth  of  stem  1  foot  6  inches,  aged  jS  years  ; 
B.  Baueri,  height  4  feet,  bushy,  aged  38  years  ;  B, 
repens,  stem  creeping,  producing  stilT  Fern-like 
leaves  15  inches  in  length,  aged  62  years. 

Dryandra. — The  larger  growing  species  of  Hry- 
andra  were  bushy  plants,  3—5  feet  high.  The  dwaif 
species  were  represented  by  D.  senecifolia,  P).  obtusa, 
D.  pteridifolia,  and  D.  nervosa,  the  latter  being 
almost  stemless.  forming  a  compact  hemisphere  of 
rigid  leaves,  3  feet  high  and  3  feet  in  diameter,  being 
38  years  old.  Grevillea  robusta,  the  original  plant, 
13  feet  high,  34  years  old  ;  Stenocarpus  Cunning- 
hami,  height  10  feet,  33  years  old. 

With  the  exception  of  Bellendena  montana  and 
Cenarrhenes  nitida,  Grevillea  Banksii  and  gibbosa, 
the  whole  of  those  in  the  list  were  in  the  garden  in 
1862.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year  the  Proteacex  and 
the  whole  of  the  collection  of  greenhouse  plants  were 
removed  to  the  new  conservatory  in  the  pleasure- 
grounds,  but  as  this  was  beyond  my  jurisdiction  as 
Curator  of  the  Botanic  Garden,  I  never  saw  the 
plants  again.  I  have,  however,  learnt  that,  in  con- 
sequence of  ihedilTerent  treatmentthey  were  necessarily 
suiijected  to,  most  of  the  Proteacere  died,  and  few 
remain,  y.  Smilh,  Ex-Curator,  Royal  CarJcns,  A'c-,o. 


Hake: 


•illc, 


30 


,     SEED    RAISING. 

Temperature.— The  extremes  of  cold  and  heat 
which  seeds  are  known  to  bear  without  any  loss  of 
vital  energy,  although  not  without  interest  to  horti- 
culturists, need  not  be  gone  into  here  ;  those  con- 
ditions which  are  most  favourable  only  being  of  direct 
interest  to  us  at  present.  It  is  not  always  safe  to 
turn  to  Nature  for  information  on  how  plants  may 
be  best  managed  under  artificial  conditions.  If  we 
could  be  sure  that  a  certain  natural  method  was 
the  best  that  Nature  employs,  then  probably  to  follow 
her  would  be  our  wisest  course.  But  Nature,  like 
gardeners,  has  often  to  have  recourse  to  makeshift 
plans.  Plants  are  found  growing  under  conditions 
which  do  not  more  than  supply  the  barest  necessaries 
of  existence.  There  are  numerous  instances  on 
record  of  gardeners  having  been  led  astray  through 
copying  what  appeared  to  be  Nature's  plan   for  the 


management  of  certain  plantr.  Orchids  have  been 
found  growing  on  the  ground  in  moist  shaded  forests, 
and  it  was,  therefore,  assumed  that  an  imitation  of 
thoe  conditions  would  be  most  suited  to  the  plants 
when  cultivated  in  our  houses.  It  was,  however, 
afterwards  discovered  that  the  plants  found  on  the 
ground  had  been  blown  down  or  otherwise  removed 
from  their  more  favoured  position  on  the  tops  of  the 
trees,  where  they  were  exposed  to  the  fierce  action  of 
an  equatorial  sun.  In  like  manner  seeds  are  found 
germinating  in  all  sorts  of  untoward  situations.  If 
we  consider  for  a  moment  how  various  must  be  the 
conditions  in  which  the  seeds  of  plants  are  placed  in 
a  wild  state,  how  they  become  widely  disseminated 
through  the  agency  of  birds,  water,  wind,  &c.,  it  is 
easy  to  see  how  mistakes  might  be  made  if  we  were  to 
be  guided  in  our  treatment  of  plants  by  our  know- 
ledge, often  only  very  fragmentary,  of  how  they  some- 
times exist  in  Nature. 

Nature  is  a  safe  guide  when  we  really  understand 
her.  In  the  case  of  the  Orchids  above-mentioned  she 
showed  us  the  best  treatment  for  the  plants.  It  was 
the  misjadgment  of  her  imitators  that  led  them 
to  look  upon  the  /hs!  conditions  under  which  the 
plants  were  found  as  the  most  suitable.  Mistakes  of 
this  kind  ate  only  made  when  the  plants  are  new  and 
their  nature  unknown.  The  majority  of  cultivated 
plants,  for  the  reproduction  of  which  seeds  are  relied 
upon,  are  well  enough  understood  to  prevent  errors  of 
treatment.  It  may  be  laid  down  as  a  general  rule 
to  be  observed  in  the  treatment  of  all  seeds,  that  the 
temperature  most  suited  to  their  germination  and 
vigorous  development  should  never  be  below  the 
mean  ground  temperature  in  which  the  plant  grows 
naturally,  but  if  possible  should  exceed  it  by  several 
degrees.  Many  seeds  will  germinate,  though  very 
slowly,  in  a  lower  temperature  than  is  good  for  them. 
A  high  temperature  will,  on  the  contrary,  force  all 
seeds  into  quick  activity.  Thus  Peas,  Bems,  and 
numerous  other  seeds  of  quick-growing  herbaceous 
plants  which  grow  out-of-doors  with  us,  will  in  a 
temperature  of  So"  germinate  in  about  one-sixth  the 
time  they  take  when  sown  in  a  more  natural  tempe- 
rature. With  proper  care,  a  degree  of  heat  much  in 
excess  of  what  would  prove  suflicient  may  be  applied 
to  seeds  and  plants,  often  to  their  advantage.  The 
limits  of  high  temperature  for  plaiits  are  not  so 
strictly  defined  as  the  lower  limits  of  temperature 
are.  It  is  possible  that  plants  do  not  object  so  much 
to  extreme  heat  as  to  extreme  cold,  a  possibility  ex- 
plained by  physiological  laws.  For  horticultural 
purposes  a  high  temperature  often  proves  of  service  in 
the  raisiog  of  plants  from  seeds.  By  sowing  seeds 
of  hardy  plants  and  trees  in  a  stove  temperature, 
much  time  is  saved,  without  any  injury  to  the 
seedlings  resulting.  A  high  temperature  will  induce 
ok",  seeds  to  germinate,  which  in  a  lower  or  more 
natural  temperature  would  not  be  excited  into  growth. 
"  Trial  "  seeds  of  vegetables.  Wheat,  &c.,  when  sown 
in  a  warm  house  to  test  their  health  have  germinated 
satisfactorily,  but  seeds  of  the  same  sample  when 
sown  out-of-doors  remained  inactive.  Their  vital 
force  had  become  weakened  by  some  cause  or  other, 
and  it  was  only  under  the  exciting  influences  of  a 
high  temperature  that  this  could  be  remedied,  and 
the  seeds  made  to  germinate. 

The  application  of  unusual  warmth  sometimes 
fails  to  excite  into  germination  seeds  which  require  to 
lie  dormant  for  some  time,  or  which  do  not  mature 
until  some  months  after  they  have  ripened.  Thus 
Acorns,  Chestnuts,  and  other  seeds  of  hardy  trees 
were  sown  last  autumn  in  a  warm  house,  but  refused 
to  germinate,  although  they  remained  healthy  and 
apparently  uninfluenced  by  the  warmth.  Lilium 
seeds,  which  out-of-doors  often  take  from  one  to 
two  years  after  sowing  before  they  germinate, 
will,  when  sown  in  a  warm  house,  be  forced  into 
growth  in  about  three  months.  On  the  other  hand, 
some  kinds  of  seed  will  germinate  much  more 
quickly  if  sown  just  before  they  are  ripe  than  if 
allowed  to  mature  before  being  sown. 

In  all  cases,  however,  a  moderately  high  tempe- 
rature will  be  found  a  useful  factor  in  the  raising  of 
plants  from  seeds,  and  especially  when  applied  to 
old  seeds  or  those  of  questionable  health.  For  seeds 
of  tropical  plants  a  temperature  of  So'  will  be  found 
suitable  in  every  case  ;  seeds  from  temperate  climes 
will  germinate  freely  in  a  temperature  of  65* ;  those 
of  hardy  plants  may  be  sown  out-of-doors  or  in 
frames  in  the  season  at  which  they  would  naturally 
germinate.  Where  it  is  found  convenient  to  employ 
a  higher  temperature  for  seeds  than  they  naturally 


August  29,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


283 


require,  some  care  is  necessary  after  germination 
has  taken  place,  as,  although  the  excessive  heat  is 
productive  of  good  in  so  far  as  quick  germination  is 
desired,  it  would  have  an  injurious  effect  on  the 
health  of  the  seedlings  if  they  were  allowed  to 
remain  in  a  high  temperature  too  long.  As  soon, 
therefore,  as  they  are  strong  enough,  they  should  be 
gradually  hardened  off  till  brought  into  the  tempe- 
rature most  suited  to  them. 

Reference  may  here  be  made  to  the  effects  of  climate 
on  the  characters  of  cultivated  plants,  and  especially 
of  those  varieties  which  are  the  result  of  cultivation. 
Numerous  facts  are  on  record,  tending  to  show 
that  such  plants  often  owe  their  most  important 
characters  to  changes  in  the  conditions  of  life,  and 
amongst  these  climate  is  a  great  modifier.  Varieties 
of  Asters,  Stocks,  and  Roses,  as  well  as  of  numerous 
vegetables,  which  have  originated  with  Continental 
growers,  often  lose  the  character  for  which  they 
were  distinguished  after  having  existed  for  a  time 
in  English  gardens.  For  hardy  plants,  therefore,  it 
will  be  advisable  to  obtain  seeds  only  from  those 
countries  whose  climate  corresponds  with  our  own. 
W.  tFa/so/tf  in  "  Casse/I's  Popular  Gardenmg,^^ 
{To  be  continued.) 


STATE  Oy  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Algust  26,  1885. 


Hygrome 
trical    De 

ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 

Edition. 

i 

a 

BAROMETER- 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

t 
I 

^ 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 
18  years. 

X 

1 

1 

So 

11! 

0  P^Si 

^1 

Aug. 

In. 

In. 

„ 

•    1   • 

. 

ol 

In. 

so 

29  7» 

—  0.08 

65.251.5 

■3.7 

559 

-  4.948.3 

76 

N. 

0.17 

" 

2968 

—013 

61.952.2 

9.7 

55  3 

-  5  4  49-8 

82 

N.W. 

0.00 

,2 

29.(6 

— 016:64. o'si  s''2.5 

55  4 

-  S-3S'.i 

89 

W.NW. 

0.02 

n 

2973 

-0.10^62  S49  3,13  2 

St-7 

—  6.049-6 

83 

W.NW. 

0,00 

24 

2984 

+0.01 

69,2'48.. 

21. J 

58.7 

—  1.9 

50.2 

73 

W.NW. 

000 

as 

29  ss 

H-0.OI 

72.547.0 

25.5 

59.0 

—   1-5 

486 

68 

E. 

0.00 

:6 

2983 

-oo. 

71.350.720.6 

59.3—  '•■ 

52  9 

78 

E 

0.00 

Mean 

J976 

—0.07 

66.650.016  6 

56  9  —  3  7 

S0.2 

A 

Vari- 
able. 

0^ 

=6, 


;o. — Dull  morning,  fine  and  bright  from  12.30  I•.^ 
1.30  P.M.,  thunderstorm  from  2  p-M.  to  2.40  1 
fine  afterwards. 

!!.— Dull  day,  fine  about  5  p..m. 

12. — Rain  in  early  morning,  dull  day,  fine  night. 

!3.— Dull  d.iy,  fine  clear  night. 

4.  — Fine  day.  very  fine  clear  night. 

■$. — Fine  bright  day,  very  fine  clear  night, 
day,  bright  mostly,  windy. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  22,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.26  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.31  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  i6th,  decreased  to  30.05  inches  by  5  i'. M.  on 
the  17th,  increased  to  30.13  inches  by  9  A.M.  on 
the  i8th,  decreased  to  29.83  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the 
2ist,  increased  to  29.86  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the 
22d,  decreased  to  29. Si  inches  by  I  P.M.  on  the 
22d,  and   was  29. 84  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.02  inches,  being  0.03 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.04  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Tempera/ure. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  77°. 5,  on  the  17th,  and  on  the 
21st  the  highest  was  6i°.9.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
highday  temperatures  was  67°. 7. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47°,  on  the  19th  ; 
on  the  i8th  the  lowest  temperature  was  S5.°5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
S'°-3- 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
26°.7,  on  the  17th  ;  the  smallest  on  the  2ist  was 
9°.  7  The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
i6°.4. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  i6th,  63° ; 


on  the  17th,  63°. I  ;  on  the  iSth,  58°.$  ;  on  the  19th, 
53°.9  ;  on  the  20th,  55°.9  ;  on  the  21st,  55°.3  ;  and 
on  the  22d,  55°.4 ;  of  these,  the  i6th  and  17th 
were  above  their  averages  by  I°.6  and  1°. 9,  respec- 
tively, and  the  rest  were  below  by  2''.5,  7°,  4°.9,  5''.4i 
and  5°. 3,  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  57^.9, 
being  1°.  3  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°.  I  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  127°,  on  the  i6th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  I04°.5. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  34'*.7,  on  the  19th.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  readings  was  40^.3. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  two  days  to  the  amount  of 
0.19  inch, 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  22,  the  highest  temperatures  were  78°.9 
at  Cambridge,  78°  at  Truro,  77°.  5  at  Blackheath  ; 
the  highest  at  Liverpool  was  66^.9,  at  Newcastle 
67^,  at  Preston  67^.5  The  general  mean  was 
73°- 1. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  40*.4  at  Bolton. 
4I^2  at  Wolverhampton,  42"  at  Truro  and  Hull  ; 
the  lowest  at  Newcastle  was  49°,  at  Nottingham  48", 
at  Shefheid  47°. 5,     The  general  mean  was  45°.2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  36^.4  at  Cambride,  36'' 
at  Truro,  32°  at  If  ull  ;  the  least  ranges  were  18"  at 
Newcastle,  I9°.9  at  Liverpool,  2I°.5  at  Preston.  The 
general  mean  was  27°. 9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  73°,  at  Plymouth  70°.5,  at  Cam- 
bridge 70°,  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Newcastle,  60°. 5, 
at  Sunderland  6i°.7,  at  Sheffield  63°.3.  The  general 
mean  was  66°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Liverpool,  52°. 5,  at  Leeds  5i°.4,  at  Black- 
heath]  5i°.3  ;  land  was  lowest  at  Truro,  44°. 6,  at 
Wolverhampton  47°,  at  Bolton  47°. 5.  The  general 
mean  was  49°.  5. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro 
28°.4,  at  Cambridge  22°,  at  Plymouth  20°. 4  ;  and 
was  least  at  Newcastle,  9°. 8,  at  Sunderland  11°,  at 
Liverpool  12°. 4.     The  general  mean  was  16". 5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Plymouth, 
58°.6,  at  Leeds  58°,  at  Blackheath  57°.9  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Hull  and  Newcastle,  53°. 8,  at  Preston 
54°.2.     The  general  mean  was  56°. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  0.70  inch  at 
Hull,  0.65  inch  at  Nottingham,  0.31  inch  at  Cam- 
bridge and  Sheflield  ;  the  smallest  falls  were  0.04 
inch  at  Preston,  0.06  inch  at  Brighton  and  Brad- 
ford. No  rain  fell  at  Truro  or  Plymouth.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.20  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  tha  week  end- 
ing August  22,  the  highest  temperature  was  77",  I  at 
Paisley  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  highest  temperature  was 
65*.6.     The  general  mean  was  42". 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  37".  3,  at 
Glasgow ;  at  Aberdeen  and  Greenock  the  lowest 
temperature  was  45'.  2.     The  general  mean  was  42°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley 
59°. I;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  55°. 3.  The  general 
mean  was  57°.  i- 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.06  inch,  at  Aber- 
deen ;  the  smallest  fall  was  0.02  inch,  at  Edin- 
burgh. The  general  mean  fall  was  0.02  inch.  No 
rain  fell  at  Glasgow,  Dundee,  Greenock,  Paisley,  and 
Perth. 

JAMES  GLAISHER  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Aug.  24,  1SS5 ;  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  ; — The  weather  has  been  again  fine 
and  bright  over  the  south-western  parts  of  the  king- 
dom, but  generally  cloudy  or  dull  elsewhere.  Some 
heavy  showers  were  experienced  over  England  between 
the  20th  and  22d,  accompanied  by  thunder  and 
lightning  ;  but  in  most  places  the  amount  of  rain  was 
very  slight. 

The  temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the  mean 
in  Ireland,  but  below  it  both  in  England  and  Scot- 
land, the  deficit  over  eastern,  southern,  and  central 
England  amounting  to  4°.  The  maxima,  which  were 
generally  registered  either  on  the  23d  or  24th,  ranged 


from  65°  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  and  69°  in  "  England, 
N.E. ,"  to  75°  in  "Ireland,  S.,"  and  76°  in 
"England,  S.,"  and  "England,  S.W."  The 
minima  were  recorded  at  most  stations  on  the  igih, 
when  the  thermometer  fell  to  36"  in  "  England,  E  ,' 
and  "  England,  N.W.,"  and  to  between  37°  and 
44°  in  all  other  districts  excepting  the  "Channel 
Islands,"  where  the  thermometer  did  not  sink 
below  52°. 

The  rainfall  has  been  slightly  in  excess  of  the 
mean  in  "England,  E.,"  but  less  elsewhere,  the  fall 
in  most  places  being  scarcely  appreciable. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  decided  decrease  in  most 
of  the  English  and  Scotch  districts,  but  not  else- 
where :  the  percentage  of  the  possible  duration  varied 
from  14  in  "  England,  N.E.,"  and  24  in  "  England, 
E."  and  "England,  S."  to  40  in  "Scotland,  E.," 
68  in  "  Ireland,  S.,"  70  in  "  England,  S.W."  and  74 
in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  Observed. — The  only  depressions  ob- 
served in  our  neighbourhood  moved  in  a  south 
easterly  and  southerly  direction,  over  Scandinavia, 
Denmark,  and  the  Netherlands,  while  over  our  islands 
the  conditions  were  generally  anti-cyclonic.  Light 
or  moderate  northerly  winds  were  consequently  pre- 
valent during  the  greater  part  of  the  week  ;  on  the 
2Qth  and  21st,  however,  they  blew  freshly  on  our 
eastern  coasts>  while  at  the  close  of  the  period  very 
light  and  variable  winds  were  reported. 


Variorum. 

Who  is  the  Largest  Strawberry  Grower 
IN  Kent?— Such  was  the  nature  of  a  query  which 
came  to  hand  a  few  days  ago,  with  a  request  that  we 
{Illustrated  Gardening  It'orld)  would  furnish  the  most 
reliable  information.  Our  old  friend,  Mr.  Henry 
Cannell,  who  resides  at  Swanley,  in  the  very  midst  of 
the  Strawberry  gardens,  tell  us  that  Messrs.  11.  &  E. 
Vinson,  Swanley,  are  unquestionably  the  largest 
growers  of  Strawberries  in  the  world,  and  they  are  at 
present  much  too  busy  to  know  the  exact  quantities 
they  have  sent  away  this  year,  but  they  despatched 
15,000  peck  sieves  to  commence  with.  It  is  com- 
puted that  they  grow  500  acres  of  Strawberries,  and 
probably  pick  something  like  1000  tons.  Mr.  Cannell 
states  that  he  has  often  seen  ten  and  twelve  Midland 
and  Great  Northern  vans  in  Swanley  Station  loading 
fiuit,  most  of  which  goes  to  the  great  northern  towns. 
These  vans  take  the  pickings  of  the  early  part  of  the 
day,  and  they  are  despatched  early  in  the  afternoon. 
They  employ  about  300  pickers  resident  in  the  parish 
of  Swanley,  and  they  employ  about  1000  altogether. 
Any  one  walking  through  the  Strawberry  fields  at  the 
time  picking  is  in  full  swing  will  find  the  pickers 
living  in  tents  set  up  round  the  sides  of  the  fields, 
making  a  journey  to  the  localities  for  the  purpose,  just 
as  the  Hop-pickers  do  in  the  autumn.  At  the  pre 
sent  time  a  good  deal  of  the  fruit  is  made  into  jam  on 
the  spot.  What  a  prodigious  industry  is  the  Straw- 
berry trade  while  it  lasts  !  And  it  is  singular  to  note 
that  so  much  of  it  is  comprised  in  that  fertile  part  of 
Kent  known  as  the  Cray  Valley. 

Coca.— We  learn  from  the  Planters'  Gazette  that  it 
seems  very  probable  that  the  preparation  of  Coca 
leaves  will  before  long  form  an  important  industry 
both  in  India  and  Ceylon.  The  plant  (Erythroxylon 
Coca)  grows  well  in  Malabar,  and  is  easily  propagated 
by  seeds  and  cuttings,  while  a  sample  of  the  dried 
leaves  sent  home  by  Messrs.  Ilinde  &  Co.,  Calicut, 
was  valued  at  10^.  a  pound,  and  a  consignment  sent 
by  Dr.  Tiimen  from  the  botanical  gardens  at  Pera- 
deniya,  was  valued  at  I3.>'.  a  pound.  At  present  the 
supply  of  Coca  leaves  sent  to  the  market  is,  for  the 
most  part,  of  veiy  low  quality,  as  sufficient  care  is  not 
taken  in  drying  and  packing  them.  The  leaves  ought 
to  be  treated  with  as  much  care  as  Tea,  or  even 
more,  for  cocaine,  the  active  principle  in  the  leaves, 
is  very  easily  decomposed.  A  brisk  demand  for  the 
seed  has  sprung  up  in  Ceylon,  but  complaints  are 
made  that  supplies  obtained  from  the  Peradeniya 
garden  have  failed  to  germinate.  We  happen  to 
know,  however,  that  a  packet  of  seed  from  that  source 
received  in  this  country  proved  very  successful.  From 
what  l*r.  Trimen  says  in  his  last  report  it  is  evident 
that  there  is  in  Ceylon  already  a  closely  allied  species 
growing  wild,  Erythroxylon  monogynum,  and  we 
would  suggest  that  samples  of  the  leaves  of  this  plant 
should  be  sent  home  to  Messrs.  T.  Christy  &  Co.  for 
examination.  Dr.  Trimen  says  that  the  leaves  are 
strikingly  like  those  of  E.  Coca,  and  it  is  interesting 


284 


THE     GARDIiNllRS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


to  note  Ihnl  in  Soulh  India  they  were  largely  urcd  as 
fund  liy  the  |)oor  diirini;  one  nf  the  l.itc  famines,  as 
reciirdcil  hy  Dr.  liidic.  They  may  (lossibly  contain 
cocaine. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

li.iiuiNi;  CAi.cKoi.Aur/V  :  jf.  K  We  are  afraid  yon 
will  ha»e  a  dilHeuliy  in  lindinj;  a  suliatiiule.  The 
(Iw.irt  yellow  TaKeles  is  very  useful,  and  early  in  the 
season  some  of  the  yellow  I'ansies. 

loiiivs:  niNNKK-TAiii.i!  DrxoKATioN  :  7.  n.  S. 
I'liere  is  a  clmpt<:r  on  the  subject  in  HiirliidKn's  Domri- 
Ik  I'loriiultiirc  (Ml.iekwoods),  but  we  do  not  know 
of  any  separate  book  on  the  subject. 
uiJUMiucus:  PustUd.  Your  Cucumbers  arc  aflfecti'd 
Willi  the  root-worm  so  ofien  described  and  figured  in 
Ihese  columns.  Burn  your  plints,  turn  out  the  soil, 
imd  begin  afresh. 

"Jami-.s  of  1'j.ANT.i  :  IK.  //.  The  so,, ,11,, I  Vil.nnumi 
viTginiium  is  Spir.'i;a  ppulifolia.  -  (  H  1  \  1,1,1,1,1.1 
vulgiiris,  PolyKonmn  persicaria.  '  ,lili  1  p, 1,1, ins. 
yellow;  Cliiicus  arvensis,  whitelfiu,  1,  ■!  v.mccy, 
l.tiiitlii.  I,  Centaurea  nigra  ;  2,  Tlialiciruin  ll.ivnm  ; 
).  (Vpli.il.iria  Mtiriea,  so  ftir  as  we  can  tell  without 
iiMves  ;  .|.  I'lilomis  Irniicosa.-.'f,  .1/.  A  Iledychium 
won  (:iniily,  remark- 


alilelor   their   bi-aullllll   O: 
in  Hie  pioperlies.     (liiij;,r 


and 
lielong  to 


,  \'il,i 


,  ilii 


Kl  In 


I- II'.  M. 
:;,  ,r,  ;  3,  l''.rueastrum  PoUiehii  was  i 
I,  111,'  llorlieullnral  .Society  many  y, 

,1,1  M.-il.il,  «li.-n  ili.,mv,Ti-il  :e;an.-w 
/■■    I  |, I.I. '11,1, II, ,1  ,  iiii|.yl,,  l.ilu       7. 


.Sl,l.,.l,ll 


(,-.  M.n 


onieera  1  .eiU-bourii.  — '/.  f/.  l.ysimaehia 
-J.  R.  Rodriguezia  suaveolens. — Vlkt 
J\\nid.  Cattleyu  (iaskelliana. 
I'KAUS  ;  VV.  T.  t,  Comte  de  I^aniy  ;  2,  Windsor. 
Kkmiivai.  oi'  SiiiiDS,  &i:.  :  C.  II.  Your  question  is  an 
imnc ate  one.  which  a  lawyer  only  could  answer.  Pro- 
biibly  the  best  way  would  be  to  airangc  matters,  if 
yiiu  I'liii,  with  your  landlord. 

c.\TAi,0(-;ui;s  iu',ci;ivi;i). 

MiviKi;  iS:  Hawkins,  llif;h  .Street,  Stockton-on-Tees— 

Dutch  I'lower  Roots,  Xc 
\V.  I'AUl.  S  Sun,  Waliham  Cross— Bulb  Catalogue. 
t'l.AUK,  Mkos.  \'  Co.,  65,  Scotch  Street,  Carlisle — Spring 

l''lowcr  Hoots. 
Ki.Ni     &     liKYUON,    D.irlington  —  KloworinR    Bulbs, 

Uoses.  &c. 
It.   s;  Williams,   Panxdise  Nursery,  Ilollowny — Cat.i- 

logue  of  Hulbs,  Fruit  Trees,  koses,  &c. 
]AMKs  Vicrn  11  &  Son,    King's  Road,  Chelsea— llya- 

fintlis  and  other  Bulbous  Roots. 
l.n  i.ui'uoi.  lliiKinui.TUHAL  Co.,Garston,  near  l.iver- 

PLU.I— UlllllS. 

I'.    .'4    .\.    HiiusoN   &  Sons,   Chester— Dutch    Flower 

Roots,  &c. 
Wkiiii  &  .Suns,  Wordsley,  Stourbridge— Bulbs. 
W.  Ukummono  &  Sons,  Siirling- Bulb  Catalogue. 
t'AKTiCR  1*4  Co.,  237  and  338  High  llolborn,  London — 

Bulb  Cnlatogue. 
W.    P.    I.AIKO   &   SlNCI.AlK,    Dundee— Dutch    Flower 

Roots, 
B.    S.    WiiiiAMS.    Upper    HoUoway,    London,    N.— 

Bulbs.  1- 1  lilt  Trees,  and  Roses. 


.l.MMI   NK.Mll.NS      RltCKIVKD.-f.      M.-J.     DkksOP.-J.      V.. 

DiN.m,    -Ciiiiisli.il   &    (.'o.-R.    l).-W.    11.    V.    (Mujcal).— 
R.  I).  L      IK-   It.  C.-ll.  I..-E.  V.  H.  (ciiiTcctioiisnmdc).- 

V.  \x  n.-it.  Coircvoii.— w.  It.  11. -II.  c.-v.  n.w.- 

W.    II. -W.    K.    1!.-W.    W.-R.    D.     1,-11.   Pcvcrcll.— 
U.  F.  \V.--11.  J.  Ross. 


larlvcts. 


COVENT    CAKDKX,    Austsst    27. 

IlKAVY  consignments  siill  to  h;ind  and  prices  lower. 

l-iirm^  nnivuls  of  foreign  produce— Peurs.   G.tges,  and 

I'lunis,   nlso  Channels  Islands  produce.     Kent  Kilberls 

lic.ivy.  Jiimes  Webber,  VVhoieSiile  Appie  Mtirl-et. 


VltGRTAnLItS,— AVRK 

Kcv.  Rrtail  pKrCKS. 

s.  it  *.  U. 

J.  it.  s.  </. 

Aiu,l>,>Wi-s.      Globe. 

Lettuces,       English 

yc\  (li'-cii  ,.           ..10-.. 

Cos.doi 16-  .. 

A..lM.u:t,u-s.  c.-,..h     ..  04-  .. 

Mint.  Krecn,  bunch..  04-.. 

i;.,.u>,  M,.,.iHT  U».  04-.. 

Mushrooms,    basket  10-16 

Onions,  per  bushel..  5  0-  .. 

—  Spring,  per  bun.  06-.. 

I'.ni.'i    ,   )■'  1    I'li'i'  !i    -    0  6-    .. 

Parsley,  per  hunch..   04-.. 

Ciultil..".!.,       I'lii;- 

Peas,  per  quart        ..    x  0-  i  t 

lish,  pci'  ilo/rii     ..   30-40 

Rndishcs,  per  dozen  1  0-  a  0 

Celery,  per  bundle.,   i  6-  a  6 

Samll  salading.    per 

Cucumbers,  each    ..06-10 

|)unnct      . .         ..04-.. 

Kuclivc,  per  doicn  ..  a  0-  .. 

Spuinch,    i>cr  bnsliel  40-,. 

(Iiirlic,  per  lb.         ..  0  6-  .. 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     . .  06-09 

Herbs,  per  bunch   ..  0  a-  0  4 
Horse  Radish,   bun.  -^  0-  4  0 

Turnips,  new,  bunch  06-.. 

Vegetable  Marrows, 

l-ettiices,   Cab.,  doz.   16-.. 

each           . .         ..03-.. 

ToTATos.— MrtRuum  Bonums,  70J.  to  locvf.  ;  RcKcnts.  6^^.  10 

loctf.  ;  Myall's,  80 

.s^.  to  100*.  per  lou. 

les.  per  J^-sievc  10-30     Lemons,  per  cast 
•aiils,  red,  l4'»iv.  3  o-  3  6  I  Melons,  each 
M.i.k.  H-sicvc..  46-50,  Peaches,  per  doz.    .. 
,  \->i-  (Iti/cn       ..  06-1  o    Pine-apples,  Kng. ,1b. 
>.'  Li  iiics.l-^'sicvc  90-331   —  St.  Michael,  each 
,H  .,  |„r  111.        ..  o  6-  a  o     Phims,  W  sieve       .. 
iFiiLciLs,  ioolb.21  o-as  o 
Plants  in  Pors.— Avkkagu  Wholksalr  Prk 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-ii  . 
Arl)Or-vita:  (golden), 

per  dozen  . .  ..6  0-18  1 
--(common),  dozen  6  o-ia  1 
HcKftnias,  per  dozen  4  o-ia  > 


I  Foliage  Plants,  vi 

ous,  each  .. 

Fuchsias,  per  do 


iMionymus,    \\\ 

I-.vergreens,   in 
t  er  dozen  . . 


i.Lipagena,   while,  i 

blooms       . . 
-  -  red,  13  blooms  , 


1-18  o  I  dozen  ..  .>) 
1-60!  —  longifolium,  doz. 
i-ia  o  I  Marguerite      IJaii-y, 

I      per  dozen  . . 
1-60  o    Myrtles,  per  dozen.. 
1-24  o     P.ilms     i\\     variety, 

{      each 
1-18  o    Pelargoniums, 

1-24  o      —  scarlet,  dozen 


per 


:  Whoi. 


Marguerites,  12  bun.  ; 
Mignonette,  12  liun.  i 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses  . .  . .  ( 
—  scarlet,  11  trusses  t 
Pinks,  var.,  la  bun. 
Khodanihc.  la  bun.  ( 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
Stcphanotis,  12  spr.. 
Sweet  Peas,  la  bun.  : 
Tropreolu 


Tnl)eroses, 


I  bin 


and  full  prices  ;irc  ni;ulc.     New  I'-.sm  x  l;.i|.r    ,-,,1  1,  I,,  M 

more  firmly;    quoiaiions  are  slill  vm    In    1.        I  i>t 

sowing  Uye  there  has  been  a  htrtu  r  ili  ui.itui  tin  ,  w  •  K  . 
rates  remain  unchanged.  Winter  N'ctelicj  inun.-  oil 
freely  ;  supplies  only  just  ecjual  the  demand.  U  is  daily 
becoming  more  eviih-nt  dial  blue  Peas  are  even  n,  shorter 
crop  tli.tn  was  aniicipated,  valnC-S  are  eonsccpienlly 
advancing.  I-Vcding  Lmseed  is  quiet.  John  S/i'no  »5r' 
Ac/M,  ^((d  Mt-n/i.i/its   ^7.  Mitfk  i.nfte,  London,  K.C. 


CORN. 

At  Mark  I-ane  on  Monday  linglish  Wheals  of  the  new 
op  ruled  fully  is.  lower,  making  32^.  to  351.  ;  quota 
ms  for  fort  ign.  including  American,  were  6if.  to  it 
wrr.  I'l'Uti  u  r,  wc.ikcned  by  the  position  of  tht 
'luMl  tr.tili  ,  iImiui;!!  > ]iii -taiions  were  not  lowered.  Nev 
•dtint;    r.iil'\        iiii'li  .  were  cjuoled   351.    as   nomina 


v.iltic.  Mill  I.  T  .  v!i.>v\.(l  no  imrry  to  buy.  Rarley. 
h..iii\  I'r.is.  .md  M.ii/e  may  be  quoted  ns  without 
I  sMiiii.d  rhange.  (.ommon  Oats  tended  in  favour  of 
biiVMs.  ;iiul  ilir  trade  generally  was  very  slow.  On 
WCtliirsdav.  h.r  Whrat,  the  tone  of  the  market  was  de- 
p^■s^(■^l,  aitlH'iigli  thrrc  was  not  much  further  change  in 
tHiot.iiii'iis.  Thr  ihnir  trade  was  stagnant  at  rales  nonii- 
II. il.  .Ml  spring  corn  w.is  very  quiet.  Average  prices  of 
corn  for  the  week  endmg  August  22  : — Wheat,  33J.  5./.  ; 
lUrley,  26s.  sd.  ;  Oats,  20J.  iid.  For  the  corresponding 
week  last  year  :— Wheat,  36J.  4(1'.  ;  Barley,  zQs.  3</.  ; 
Oats,  201.  91/.  

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whilechapel  Market  report  states  that  the 
supplies  were  not  so  large,  and  prices  were  firm,  except 
(or  old  hay,  which  was  rather  lower.  Quotations  :— 
l.'lover,  prime  old,  8ar.  to  nos'.;  prime  second  cut.  851. 
to  lojs,;  inferior,  6at.  to  75^.  ;  new,  8oj.  to  951.;  hay, 
prime  old,  70.1.  to  95^.;  interior,  36^.  to  60s.;  new,  b^i. 
toS^r. ;  and  straw,  28J.  to  39J.  per  load.— On  Wednes- 
day there  was  a  moderate  supply,  for  which  there  was  a 
dull  trade  at  the  recorded  rates.  Cumberland  Market 
quotations  ;— Clover,  best,  90J.  to  iooj.  ;  inferior,  6af. 
to  80J. ;  hay,  best,  8oj.  to  92i.;  inferior,  50J.  to  70J.  ;  and 
slniw,  30.r.  to  361.  per  load. 

POTATOS. 

The  Borough  Market  report  slates  that  the  supply  is 
in  excess  of  demand,  which  conlinues  dull.  Quotations  : 
—  Regents,  90^.  to  ioo.f. ;  Magnum  Bonums,  8oi.  to  looi. ; 
ICarly  Roset  ■  8or.  to  95J.  ;  Ilebrons,  95^.  to  io5.(. ;  Shaws, 
80.V.  to  90c.  ;  kidneys,  looi.  to  iioj.  per  ton.  The  im- 
porrs  into  London  last  week  consisted  of  4H9  bags  from 
Boulogne,  .[6  from  Kotterdnm,  and  220  from  Hainbuig. 


COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  during  the  week  : 
— Bebsidc  West  Ilartley,  14.T.  gd.  ;  Ravensworth  West 
Hartley,  14J.  9./.;  Walls  End— Harlon,  15.^.;  Tyue 
(unscreened),  us.  3*/.  ;  Hetton,  17J.  ;  Hetton  Lyons, 
15J.  ;  Lambion,  17J.  ;  Wear,  15J.;  Caradoc,  17s.  ;  Kast 
Hartlepool,  i6s,  and  i$s.  6d.  ;  South  Hartlei)ool, 
I5-T.  jd.  ;  Tees,  lys.  ;  Haswell,  J'/s,  ;  Chilton  Tees, 
IS'.  ;  DowUiis  Menhyr,  i6j.  6d,  ;  Radford  Navigation, 
io.(.  6./. 

Government  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  ioo,V  to  iooi\  (or  both  delivery  aiul 
the  account.  Wednesday's  figures  were  looJ  to  loo^ 
for  dehvery,  nnd  100,"^  to  ioo,'ji  for  the  account.  Thurs- 
day's closing  figures  were  loo^^  ^^  'o^^'a  ^°'"  ^°'''  trans- 
actions. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE. 


MESSRS,  SUTTON 

Kcconmiciul  their  New 

EXTRA  LATE  RED 
TRIFOLIUM 

as  piuticiil.arly  valu.ible  for  mending  defi- 
cient Clover  Leys,  it  coming  in  from  two 
to  three  weeks  later  than  any  other  Tri- 
folium,  and  being  ready  to  cut  at  the  same 
time  as  the  Common  Broad  Clover. 

Price,  la.  per  pound ;  106s.  per  cwt. 
2  J  II)  and  Upwards  ciriiaftc  free. 

^JT  Seed  very  scairc :  Early  Orders  reijiiesled. 

SUTTON  &  SONS, 

SEKDSMKN  by  ROYAL  WARKANTS 

to  H.M.  the  Qiiccn  .iiiil  U.K.  II.  llie  Prince  of  Wales, 
READING. 


T 


BUY    ONLY     ENGLISH     WATCHES. 

l^KN.SON'S  NKW'^PATENT  (No,  4658) 
I  >  ■■  1  \ll)i-.ArK,"  WATCH,  liiis  ol.iaiiu'u  llic  Highest 
Award  f .,  Gold  Medal  ai  ihc  Inventions ExUtbl tloji, lb88 


£5  5s. 


,1  Mt|, 


•:*  ^\£12  12s. 


Tlie  "Ludgate  Watch  '  Is  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  mv  l)e>.t  I.onilon  make,  wilh 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

ytlMlled  throughout  in  rubier  — true  Chrottoineter  I'fitanee— 
ndjitsttd  for  c.vtrpmes  ivith  dump  (iitd  duit-proof  patent 
ring-band,  nnd  extended  Inii-ret—mosin'e  iteriin^  silver  donte 
eases  with  Crystal  glass  fnuit,  whicli  comliiiies  the  slrcnmh 
of  the  Humer  witli  ihc  convenicnre  of  ihc  Opfn  Face  Watch— 
ll'irM'.t,  I,-/  luirids  .ind  opens  at  l.tck. 

The  Immense  ^tp.-,  t-nty  in  \':-'i!.-.  Accuracy,  anit  Durability 
of  the  "Ludgate     \\   •  »    1    Swiss  and  American  (made 

i,i  Imitation  •)!  ..,  l,         ll.ind  10  ihe  OU  Kull-plate 

^:ll^;ll^h  l.cvcr  (still  \     1,1    ,1..  rs).  from  lire  preat  defects 

of  which  tht*  "  Li,,i,  ,1'  "  I.  ,  ^,  I,  I  pi  -Is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MEDAL-'':--  enhone  aojudg.d  to  English  ll'alchet. 

The'  Ludgate"  is  0/  letter  e/uality  and  vatiu  l/um  any 
jCio  watch  hitherto  made  The  '^Ludgate"  is  my  best  London 
make— strong,  handsome,  and  reliable— will  itand  tite  karetest 
•.oear  and  roughest  usage,  and  is  there/ore  the  best  wateh  for 
Home,  tnaian  and  Colonial  ivear  by  Gardeners  (tin.  i.Urft^ 
s,ir>,  lyorhtnen.  and  Artisans  (No  «.  as  sketch),  CeNtleiHen^ 
Officers  and  .Men  in  H.M.  semices.  Youths'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
s,nall),  will  be  sent, free  ami  safe  at  my  risk,  to  alt  parts  of  the 
:.::rH.  lor  £5  63.  <"'  /«  18-Carat  gold,  cnslal  glass  cases. 
Twelve  Guineas  (N...  i  sue). 

A  iciiiitiance  bv  I'.O  (_).    IJrafl.  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J  W.  Dknson  is  the  only  Maker 
ofaThreeQuarter  Plate  EoElish  W.ttch  for  £^  ss  in  Sdver, 
or  £ia  iM.  in  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  l.udgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  infrinccment  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  bo 
proceeded  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Kull-plate 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  10  Her  m.,i,.lvihe  (.1,1 The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64.   Ludgate  Hill,  E  C.  : 
And  26,  Old  Bond  street,  W  .  London. 

Consequent  upon  the  aw. ud  of  Ihe  Gol.ii  Mkdai..  the  demand, 
always  gtelt,  has  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  10  exeOUtO  all  Orders  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  jCs  to  .£500.  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewelleiy,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes,  free  od  applicatioD, 


August  29,  1885,] 


Til  11     CAkDRNnRS'     CIIRONICLIL 


285 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary, 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S   HLACK  VARNISH, 
for  P^e^ervinK  Iionwoik,  Wood,  or  Stout-. 
{Registtred  Trade  Afark  ) 


This  VAUNISH 
all  outdoor  woik,  v. 
iiitrodiictd  upwards 
its  eeiiuiiio  Kood  <iu.-ilily,  notw 
imitators,  i^  fully  attested  hy  1 

may   be  applied  by  an  ordinary  l.iii     iw  1 .  1 1    1 ,     m 

or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold,  li  i-.  u^ni  m  ili*.  kin.iin.U  .1 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  ai,d  al  the  ^t:al:.  u(  i.iaii 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  mos 
llatterinK  tcstiinoDials  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6</.  per  pallon 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  u.  8(/.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  ti>  an' 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicithd  Testimonial. 

"  Piercefield  Park,  June  21,  1876,— Sirs,  I  have  this  d.v 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  bl.ick  varnish  cask 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varni^h  as  the  last  w 
had.  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Addrcs 
Varnish  to  Pierceficld  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am,  Sirs,  yours  re 
^pect(u!lv.  Wm.  Cox' 

CAC/T/ON.— HiLi.  Si  S MIT u  would  particularly  warn  ihei 
again&t   the  various  cheap  Vainibhcs  now  bu  nuicl 


R. 


Cucumber  Frames 
HAL  LID  A  V     \\\>    CO     desire  to 


..,ys  h. 


o(  which  ihcv  alw.-,ys  hjvc    a    lati-o    Mocl<.  ready  k13«>1  "•"' 

painted      '1  licy  arc  made  (.( llie  1  cs>  iiinirtial»,  ai.d  can  be  pui 

tujiether  and  laken  apiil  in  a  (e*  mir.ute*  by  any  one. 

Piice<,  dc;ivcred  tn  any  station  in  England  :—       jC  s.  d. 

,li,l„  .,,„.•,     -. ,.,  J>y  r,  fee.  )    p     ^j  I       3  -o    " 

I  I:  l\  i    '.I  ''\i    ,  l!'  I  fee.  jC""  ''"  (     ,o     o     o 

Lights  and  fra.n.ng  for 


brick  |. 


.lyl 


^pru 


C.  G.  FRAZER  k  CO., 

Horticultural  Eiiilders,  Norwich. 


SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSES  made  in  I-ish.s.  Riazed 
vi.h  21-07.  gta&s,  and  pointed  three  coats  of  Kood  oil  colour. 
Tenant!'  Fixtures.  la  by  S  feet,  ;£>)  191.  For  lirickwork, 
ZtO  i7».  Cariiage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  Encland 
..i.d  Wales,  also  lo  Edinburgh,  Ula-gow,  Dublin,  and  Belfjst. 
Ill  astral  ed  Catalogues,  post-free  two  penny  stamps. 

DAV  ID       LOWE     &      SONS, 

nURTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDIN  IIUKCH  ;    and  idRNIlkOOK. 

CHESIER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and    Estimates   on   application   for  every  ticscription  of 

Horticultural  Kuildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden   Frames  and  Sailiei   in  Slock. 


^GLASSHOUSES  sweating: 


•BW-WA-RWRST 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

H  O  R  T  I  C  U  I.   r  U  K  A  I.  H  U  I  L  1)  E  R  S  , 

121.    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    E.G. 


W     H     LASCEIIfS    AND   CO     will   give   estimates   for 
oveiy   d.sciiption   of    HORl  ICULI  UKAL   WOKK    free  of 

clnrge  and  set  d  cotnj  etciit  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES     NEW    ROCKWORK    material   in  various 

colours.     Samiitcs  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

HI,  Biinhill  Row,  and  ,5,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 
Illustrated    Lists  of   Wooden    K.iildings,    Greenhou^es.    and 

Conservatories,  and  tjnncretc  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  slagos, 

sent  post-lrce  t.ll  .tjtiilication. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL,  NORWICH. 

SMALL,    HANDY,    LEAN-TO    FBAMES. 


TWO  LIGIll    I  k\MJ 


pud,  piiLc   £2  28 

If  with    htngc",    »tt     pes,     and    prop,     .as    shown     Jtr 
£2  10b   6d.     PaLking  38  ,  allowed  in  lull  if  returned 

TIIKEEI.IGHT  FRAME,  largest  size  made,  9  feet  by  4  fc 
lir.te  £3. 

U    with    hinges,    sct-opes  and  prop,    as   shown,    pt 
£3  lOs.    Packing  4s.,  allowed  in  lull  il  rc.uintd. 

No.  76.    Melon  and  Cucumber  Frame. 


REDUCED  CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Paid. 

Siie.  Length.        Width.  Price.     Packing  Case. 

ho.  J      ..      8  feet      ..      6  feet      ..    i,i     5     o     ..      ^t.bit. 

Ni  .  3     ..    irfect     ..     6  feet     ..        4  ij     6     ..     51.0*/. 

No.  4     ..    16  feet      ..     6  leet     ..       0     o    o     ..     31.  6./ 

Depth   in  front   13  inches,  back  94  inches,  lights  3  inchts 

thick,  strengthened  with  iron  rod.     One  handle  to  each  light. 

Lights  only,  6  feet  by  4  feet,  unglazed  and  unpainted.  ds.  each. 

Glazed  with  -.ii-oz.  »heel  glass  and  painted  4  coals,  i6r.  each. 

The  Frames  carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales:  also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin  and 
Belfast.  


r>ice  /./i//»i/./.,-,- 


///«!. 


,./,r» 


,l,„„/,.. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

I'.tlrontscd   by 

JfJ.R       MAJESTY, 
HIS   ROYAL    HIGHNESS    IllE   PRINCE   OF  WALES. 


OUTDOOR     WORK,    CONaEHVATORIEB, 

Greenhousep,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  [■He  lo  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  lor  loside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Price!,  J'allerns,  aitU  Tetlimonijis,  I'osl-Jrev. 

CARSON'S, 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUUGATE  HILL, 
LONDON,  E.C.  : 
91  and  aa,  BACHELOR'S  WALK,  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cask. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO. 

(LlM.T«.,) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Departnicnt  with  the  latcit  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manitfatture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c, 

,./  i,lr,«uly  m,^,l.;at,  prucs. 
Full  pittlculars  may  l.c  bad  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


21-OZ.   I'oreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  aoo  feel  boxe 
3ds  and  4tlis  i|iialities,  always  keiit  in  stock. 
A  lari;c  stock    of  similar   currenl 


irte  sloe 
It  boxes. 


ol    IB-OZ.    gla: 
and  all   Miscellan 


GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Johns  Street,  West  Smlthflold,  London,  B.C. 

V/u.  <   l.iu  aiU  I'ri.is  KM  .!//»/;,  .i/r»/..     t.liiotr  i'luonulr. 

SPECIALLY    CHEAP   GLASS. 

roJiing  Cases  free  and  not  relunudd,: 
100  squares  Glass  at  the  following  Prices  In  Leeds :  - 

|,os.,ua,es  1  r,  or.,  8  by  6. 
r  wsoMiuare..  «i  by  uL  or 
,0  ..piares,  9J  by  4.  or 
70s<|uares.  9  by  ^\,  o. 
(piares,  lo  by  8,  for  icr  tif. 
Putty,  id  per  lb.  ;  Paint, 
eady  mixed,  in  i  lb.,  alb, 
lb,  and  71b.  tins,  at  5./. 
er  lb.  Other  sizes  of  Glass 
noted  for  on  apitlicilion. 
.e,  seldom  any  breakage, 
taking  tltetr  Frames  to  suit 

HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

Wholesale  Glass  Warehouse, 
Sand  .0,  ALFRED  SIREICT.   HOAR  I-ANE,  LEEDS. 


a     „,o      ,    11..  3,/. 

,,    161.  0,/. 

4    „  10    ,.    131,  bit 

„    aor.  orf 

>    ...a    „    tis.id. 

;,   ao/.  orf. 

1     ,,.2    „    .8j.  erf. 

,,  asi.  orf. 

b    „  la    .,    air.  oV. 

„   3"-  "'• 

0    „ii    „    241.  oY. 

„    351.  orf. 

All  Glass  packed  in 

own  Ware 

nteniling  ptitchascrs 

will  oblige 

50 


SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 


...h. 


,.0.1.  bitllt.ott  I 

»tll  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  onu-lomlti  tlo:  com. 
PR  ice  in  Ca>kii,  containing  not  less  than 
,  gallons,  delivered  f.ce  .at  most  railway 
lations  ;  —  Heat  prepared  Jet  or  Hlack, 
s.  6rf.  per  gallon. 
(■..t.il.,iou-s  of  ,.II  liinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing,  Gates, 
r.iollry  i'encing,  Ikc  .  free  on  application, 

BAYLISS,    JONES,    h    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 

and  139  and  ill.  Cannon  Street,  London,  EC. 

Kosher  s  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


11IIF.  ABOVE  and  many  oilier  I'ATTERNS 
.  ate  iiiade  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  , 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
i;aRDENS,  as  Ihty  bar- 
hour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little    room,   and, 

further   labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"    Edgings,   cons., iillv  b..i..f  n 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNIni:;    ,  ,..   .0.  A. 
very  durable  andof  supeiiorftiii  ti.  1      1       'i 

F.    ROSHER   AND    CO,,    M 1,  1    ,       ,     u, 

.Street,     HIackftiars.    S.E.;       Ko,,'       I  ,     <  '•• 

Kingsland  Koad,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME" 
PI.aNI'    COVERS,  and    PRfJPAGATING    IIOXES  ; 
for    FoXLEVS    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

i:kicks. 

Illu.tratc.l  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 


FRAMES, 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corrido,  ,,  l:,,l,  ,,„;,,  ,<lc,, 
from  3J.  tier  siiitare  yard  upwards.  Piiloin  'I,,,!,,!  ri,.ii,or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  f  ,.     ,  !.  ,  n    ,1 

WHIIK    GLAZED    TILES,  for  I.tMin,-   W.oi,  ,,l   It,, me". 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Haths.  h,-.  Gr,„.v.  ,1  ,,,„i  ,,il.t,  So.l.le 

Paving  ol  great  durability,  W.ill  ( "i,|,,iii;s,  It,. 01,  Pipes  and  T,les 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Til,-.  1,1  urct  v,,,i,-ty,  Slattrs,  Cement,  fitc. 

F.  ROSHER  ANi,  CO  ,  I'.io.k  ..ndlile  Me.chann. 

Sec  AdJrcss,;s  .,l,ove. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  fiX-Axn  ar,   deiiircd.     Pricr,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wh-iif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
PitR  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample  i  of  Sand  free  by  pOHt. 
FLINTS  and  HKICK  UURRS  for  Rockeries  or  KerncricH. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    hupplied  at  lowoU  rntct.  in  any 
quantities. 


A  liberal  O 


ELEVEN  SILVER 


))e  Trade. 


TOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  RovaM'otterv, 

fj        WllstoN-.sui'B».M.uill.        Manufacttt.cr      ol       IFKUA- 


COTTA  VASES,  FOUNTAIN.S,  ITALIAN  DA.SKKT,- 
liORUER  TILES,  GARDEN  POT.S  of  Mip.r,or  ,i,ialiiy, 
from  I  to  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  frost,  an  I  vcMont  turn 
erccn  ORCHID.  FEKN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS 
RHUDARIl  and  SEAKALE  POTS,  «ic. 

Pri'X  LIST  post-free.     Uook  of  Designs,  is.  (id. 


286 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  18 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 

15  Lines. ..^o     8     6 

16  , 

17  , 

18  , 

19  , 

20  , 

21  , 

22  , 

23  , 

24  , 

25  „    ...  o  13    6 


t  acro^is  columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

Page  ^9     o    o 

Half  Page 500 

Column       ..         350 


4  Lines. 

■  Ao    , 

5      „     . 

■•03 

6      „     . 

..04 

7     „     . 

.   0    4 

8     „    . 

..   0     5 

9     „    . 

■    0     5 

10    „    . 

..06 

11     „    • 

.    0    6 

12     „    . 

■    0     7 

13     „    . 

■    0    7 

14     „    . 

.    0     S 

0 

9 

0 

9 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

II 

0 

II 

0 

12 

0 

12 

0 

13 

ARDENERS,  and  OTHERS;  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  fat,  and  (td.   for  every  additioual  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  haling  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
a'.l  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autltcrities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Dhaths  and  Marriages,  sr.  each  insertion. 

avert isctnents  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 

AM  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months.  jO.  38,  lOd. ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  6S. 

Foreign  (excepting   India   and   China) :    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 
Post-office   Orders  to  be   made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 
W.C.  to  \V.  Ri 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  CHEAP,  a  Lirge  LEAN-TO 
vinery,  150  feet  long  by  15  ftet  wide,  in  three  divisions, 
glazed  with  Plate  Glass,  only  erected  about  fifteen  years  ago  ; 
also  two  THREE-QUARTER  SPAN  GREENHOUSES, 
60  feet  by  16  feet,  and  Two  of  WEEKS'  LARGE  UPRIGHT 
TUBULAR  BOILERS  in  good  condition.  The  whole  for  liso. 
Sold  in  consequence  of  extensive  alterations. 
Address,  HEAD  GARDENER,  Blenheim  Palace,  Wood- 
Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
T        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

"  •  STRATFORD    LAI;ELS. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork.    Raffia    Mats.    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
Work,   Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

105,000  Accidents, 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

IJAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
t  Company,  64,  Comhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  iiaPo.oco ;  Premium  Income,  ;£235  000 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Faiquhar,  Esq  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Comhill,  London,  E  C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 


QIR   JOSEPH    PAXTON'S    BOTANICAL 

O  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
Explanation  of  Technical  Terms,  Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  35s. 

T^OTANY      for      BEGINNERS. 

-*--'  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  K.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany.  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  Illustraiions.     Price  3J.  6</. 

T  INDLEY'S   SCHOOL   BOTANY. 

-L^  A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
iS:c.     With  400  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  5^.  6d. 

L INDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.    Price  t)s. 

T  INDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  CECONOMI- 

-i-i  CAL  BOTANY.  With  numerous  Illustrations..  8vo. 
cloth.     Price  5^. 

INDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 

For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools.      Price 
sewed. 


L 


8vo,  price  31.  6d., 

A  SYSTEMATIC    CATALOGUE 
of    the     FLOWERING      PLANTS     and     FERNS, 
Indigenous    to    or    Growing   Wild  in  Ceylon.      By    Henry 


Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 


HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  WiLLlAnI  Earlev,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "  How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c,  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.    Price  4^.  6d. 

MRS     LOUDON'S    LADIES'    COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.    A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  .Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 


o 

H 


N    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 

DOORS.   By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  u. 

OW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 

By  William  Earlev.     Price  11.  stitched. 

HOW     TO      GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Expla; 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 
SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 

BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 
RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 
CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 
THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  and  engr:,v.-.l 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 
TALES   by   POPULAR    ENGLISH  and    AU.STRA- 

LIAN  AUTHORS. 
THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 
INDOOR  .\MUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HO.ME  CIRCLE. 
COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 
SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  WAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonics,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscr.ptlon  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  (3d.  ;  Stan.ped,  -jd. 
Publishing  OITicc-Hiinter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wa 


ENGLAND. 


The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY  MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:- 


. .  Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C. 
Mr.   F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.   Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  1S6,  Strand. 
..  James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 
..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street, 
..   Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 
..  W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 


1^"  Copies  of  each  youriiiil  are  Ji/ed  at  tJt: 
above  Offices  foy  tlic  use  of  Ativertisers. 


THE   COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'    Chronicle,    with 
Alterations  and  Additions. 

Price  id.  ;  post-free  'i^^d. 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  W.m.  ' 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published   at   the  Office    of  the    Gardeners   Chr. 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


IJEVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
V  et  EIRANGERE  (Belgian  iind  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  >car. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A  Allard,  E.  Andre,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Biirvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghera,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  .\.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ol  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  p.ages,  Svo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
14J..  payable  in  .advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  M.\RAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  BuKVE- 
NICH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


des: 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Reside) 


Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  si.v  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ''^  Midlami Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  MidUnd  Coitniies  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNERSHIP.— A  Gen- 
TLEMAN.  aged  40.  a  thorouch  man  o(  business,  with 
a  Capital  of  ;£ioco.  is  desire  us  of  joining  some  well-established 
Nurseryman.  Would  give  the  whole  of  his  time  to  the  business. 
—  HENJAY,  Knight  &  Co.,  12.  Abchurch  Lane,  London,  E.C. 

ANTEl5,"a  PLANT    f'oRE  MAN.— 

Apply  to  A.  LANCASTER,  Holkham.  Norfolk. 

WANTED,  for  a  Small  Nursery,  a  MAN 
used  to  General  Nursery  Woik,  where  Forced  Straw- 
berries and  Cut  Flowers  are  Grown  for  Market.  If  married,  a 
cottage  provided.  Wages  must  not  be  high. — W.  DALE, 
Nurseryman  and  Fruit  Grower,  Knockholi,  Kent. 

ANTED,   a   SALESMAN   with    a  good 

knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs.     Salary  301.  per  week. 
—A.  B.,  Birr  &  Son,  ij.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  a  WAREHOUSE  PORTER.— 
Must  be  experienced.     W.iges  251— HY.  CLARKE 
and  SONS,  3.J.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS;as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McInivre  (late  of  Victoria   Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formatiem  and    Manting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
ri5,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 
TAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 

O  Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  b  a  ponticn  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  rcspeciability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business. —Full  particulars,  ivith 
names  of  previous  employers.  &c  ,  on  application. 

To  NoMemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  cr  GARDENKKS. 
TAMES    CARTER    AND    CO.    have    at    all 

fj  times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN. 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

To'  NOBLEIVrEr^  GENTLEMEN,  &c., 
requiring  smart,  so'ind.  and  thoroughly  competent 
STEWARD?,  GARDENERS,  &c.— We  have  on  hand  Appli- 
cations from  several  Men  of  tested  ability,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  Assist  any  Nobleman,  &c.,  in  obtaining  men  specially 
soluble  for  their  requirements.— VICCARS  COLLYER  and 
CO.,  Leicester;  A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 


August  29,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


287 


"piCHARD     SMITH     and     CO, 

J-^  bee  to  announce  ihat  they  are  constantly  receivjiig 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihjt 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
pailiciilars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

GA R D E NER  (HEAD)/-^ge  38,  married^lio 
(aduly  ;  has  lived  in  good  establib.Iimeiits.    Twenty  years' 
experience.-A.  POLLEy,  Bighton,  Aliesford,  Hanls. 

GARDENER  (HEAoy— Married,  no  familT; 
thorough  practical  knowledge  in  all  bianches.  leu 
yeais"  excellent  reference  from  last  situation,  and  two  years 
Irom  previous  as  Head.— F.  C.,  May's,  159.  Piccadilly,  W 


G 


ARDENER   (good    Single-handed)  or 

where  another  is  kept).— Age  25  ;  seven  years'  exp^ri- 
;,  good  references,  and  can  be  highly  recommended  from 
employer.— D.  ALDERMAN,  i,  Trclawn  Road,  Leyton, 


r^ARDENER  (Second,  or  good    Single- 

VJ  handadV— Age  .  24  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  good 
Gardens.  Good  references.— Apply  with  particulars,  to  C 
WILLIAMS,  Goldsworth  Road,  \Vok„>g  Station,  Surrey. 


G 


ARDENER  (Head),  Practical  Workin 

d,  one  child;  twenty  years' experience,  ^' 
,nts,   &c.— A.    B.,   Henley  Nursery,    H. 


il.yi 


/:»  ARDENER  (HEAD),   where  one  or  more 

^^  are  kept.— Twenty  years'  experience  in  all  branches, 
eight  years  Head.  Wife  would  take  Small  Laundry.  — JuHN 
GKEtNSHtlLDS.  Seymour  Ledge,  Swanley,  Ket 


ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  33,   married,— 

H.  Wells,  for  the  last  lour  years  Head  Gardener  to  J 
Martineau,  Esq-.  Park  Corner,  Heckfield,  Winchiield.  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  with  any  Nobleman,  Laay,  or  Gentleman  in 
want  of  a  thorough  practical  man.  Leaving  solely  to  obtain  a 
larger  place.     Will  be  highly  recommended  by  his  employer. 

ARDENER   (Head)  ;    age  30.— Mr.  F. 

"^ Gardener  to  W.  Baring,  Esq  ,  Norman  Court, 


G 

Dean 


3.1isbury, 


.i^i-aii,   wiiiouuif,    mil  uc  piEns-u  Lu  ici.uiiiuicnd  His  Fort 
(Wm.  Sheehan).  who  has  lived  with  him  nearly  three  yeai., 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly 
competent  and  trustworthy  m-Tn    wi^ll        -■<  • 
profession.     H  ighest  referenc 


.._.., K  -  ill  bianche.  ^1  , 

s  from  present  and  past  employe 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  33, 
married,    three    children  ;    thoroughly    understands    bis 
duties  in  all  branches.— C.  SHARP,  Kingswood,  near  Keigate, 

/■.J.ARDENER  (He.\d  Working),  where  one 

,  ^-^  or  two  are  kept — Twelve  years'  experience,  five  years 
in  present  place;  good  character.— J.  FYFfE,  The  Vicarage, 
Stralford-on-Avor;,  Warwickshire. 


/^ARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  more 

V--V  are  kept.— Age  2;  :  ihree  years'  good  character  — K.  G., 
32,  Temperly  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

?::j.ARDENER  (Second).— Age  21  ;  si.x  and 

V_J  a  half  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Can  be  highly  recommended  from  prcent  situation  —  W 
SIMPSON,  The  Gardens,  Havering  Park.  Romford,  Essex. 

OARDEfJER     (Second),    or    otherwise.— 

Vj«  Accustomed  to  Fruit  and  Plant  Growing.  Steady  and 
industrious.  Abstainer.  Good  references —T.  P.,  C,i>v/i-«,rj' 
Chroiucte  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

O  ARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  four 

V^  are  kept.— Age  21  ;  seven  years'  good  character  from 
late  employer.  Ejthy  preferred.  —  G.  CLEMENT,  Jun., 
Holybjurne,  near  Alton,  Hants. 

(^ARDENER     (Under).  —  Eleven     years' 

V>«  experience  In  and  Outdoors  ;  good  character  and  reler- 
euces.  Disengaged  August  31. -F.  A,  The  Gardens,  Dyffryn, 
Neath,  South  Wales. 


C:j.ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  large  establish- 

V^      ment,  or  in  a  Nursery  under  Glass.— Aee  20 —lOHN 
HENRY  CLARKE,  The  Gardens,  Fyfield  House,  Andover, 


GARDENER  7head  Working).— Age  32, 
married  ;  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening    in  ail 

branches.     Eight   years'    good    character    from    last    place 

GARDENER,  89,  Stoke  Newington  Road,  N. 


G 


ARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  33, 

ried  ;    thrrough  experience   in    all   departments    of 
place.     Excellent    character.— SAVILLE,    Ponton, 


GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  26, 
married  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches 
Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good 
references.  Abstainer.— A.  B.,  5,  Dyers  Lane,  Upper  Richmond 
Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

(r^ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;    age  31, 

V-A    married. — John  Thomas  desires  re-engagement  as  above. 

Has  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  profession.  Five  years  with 
present  employer  (Lieut. -Gen.  Marshall),  who  can  highly  recom- 
mend him.— The  Gardens,  Broadwater,  Godalming. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  40, 

married,  no  family  :  good  practical  knowledge  of  Gar- 
dening in  all  branches.  Fourteen  years'  good  character  from 
last  place,  and  eight  previous.— C.  R.  SAVER,  Bedford  Road 
St.  Alban's,  Herts. 


QARDENER  (Under),  Indoors  and  Out.— 

v^  Age  23  ;  nine  years'  experience.  Strong  and  willing. 
Good  re(erences.-E.  GREENAWAY,  Letcombe Regis,  Want- 
age, Berks. 

tj^O REMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  27  ;  active 

-^  and  industrious.  Good  references.- E.  WaRREN 
Stisted,  Braintree,  Essex.  ' 

T^OREMAN. -- Thoroughly    e.vperienced    in 

J-  every  branch  of  the  profession.  Very  highest  references. 
Bothy  preferred.— S.,  lEo.  High  Street,  Southampton. 

"C^OREMAN.— Age    26  ;    over    eight    years' 

-*-  practical  experience  in  good  establishments,  fourteen 
months  Indoor  Foreman  in  present  place.  Good  recommenda- 
tions—FOREMAN,  Daylesford  Gardens,  Chipping  Norton. 

"POREMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 

-L  Establishment.— Age  26  :  eleven  years'  good  practical 
experience.  Excellent  charaoter  from  last  employer.  —  G 
HAIGH,  The  Gardens,  Ockham  Park,  Ripley,  Surrey 


Tj^OREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment— Age 

JL  2Q  ;  has  had  good  experience  in  all  branches  of  Gardening 
Jirst-class  referetices  from  previous  employer.- W.  TUCK, 
Belmont,  Wimbledon,  Surrey. 


ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;   age   40, 

no  encumbrance.- Mr,  J.  Hendry  can  confidenUy  re- 
commend to  any  Lady  or  Gentlemin  a  good  practical  and  trust- 
worthy man.  Well  up  in  Forcing  all  kinds  of  Fruit,  Flowers, 
and  Vegetables,  &c.  Good  character  from  last  and  previous 
places. -WILLIAM  STRIP,  Park  Gardens,  Fairford,  Gloster. 

GARDENER  (Head  WoRKiNG)T^ge^3o, 
married  ;  sixteen  years'  experience  in  first-class  esiab- 
lishments.  Throughly  understands  the  Forcing  of  Fruits  and 
Flowers  aud  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  Bouquetist  and  Table 
Decorator.  Nearly  five  years  Head  Gardener  to  the  Bishop  of 
Bangor.  Good  references.— J.  E.  PHILLIPS,  The  Palace, 
Bangor,  North  Wales. 

GA R D E N E R  (Head  WorkingJT  or 
GARDENER  and  BAILIFF.— Age  46,  married,  no  in- 
cumbrance ;  a  successful  Fruit  and  Mushroom  Grower.  AH 
kinds  of  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  ; 
a  good  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardener.  Wife  good  Plain  Cook 
or  Dairywoman  if  required.  Has  been  Gardener  and  Geneial 
Manager  for  twenty  years  in  good  establishments.  Good 
character,  and  excellent  testimonials.— E.  W,,  The  Gardens 
Westgate  Street,  Sleaford,  Lincolnshire. 

/^ARDENER  (Head   Working,   or    good 

VJ  Single-handed). —Age  27,  single  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  Fu-st-class  relerences.— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  F"ore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon 


Xj^  ORE  MAN,   in  the   Houses;    age  25.— 

k  Mr    Glen,    Gardener,   Wentworth  Woodhouse.  Roiher- 

ham,  would  bs  pleased  to  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 
Good  references  from  previous  places. 

'P'  O  R  E  M  A  N.  -  F.  Lowe,   Gardener  to 

JL  Viscount  Bangor,  can  strongly  recommend  his  present 
foreman  to  any  Gardener  in  want  of  a  thorough  trustworthy 
man.  Well  up  in  all  branches  of  Ih^  profession.  No  second- 
rate  place  will  be  accepted —Castle  Ward  Gardens  Down- 
patrick,  Ireland. 

TC^OREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR~(Indoor).' 

-L  -Middle-aged;  experienced  in  all  branches.  Plants, 
Cut  Flowers.  &c.,  for  Market  or  other  purposes.  Good  refer- 
ences.—86,  Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn  Grove,  Penge,  S  E 


"POREMAN,  or  SECOND  in  a  Gentleman'^ 

-•-  garden.— Age  27  ;  has  had  good  experience.  Good  cha- 
racter.  — B.  W.  Elmdon,  SafTron  Walden,  Essex. 

IVJURSERY      FOREMAN.  —  Many    years' 

-^*  .practical  experience  in  all  branches.  Five  years  in  pre- 
sent situations.  Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving  A  thorough 
knowledge  of  Landscape  Gardening.  Clever  Draftsman.  Can 
be  well  recommended. -DUNCAN  SMITH,  Messrs.  Hurst  & 
Son,  152,  Iloundsditch,  London,  E. 


/^ARDENER    (Head,    or     good    Single- 

V-*  handed) —Age  27  ;  first-class  recommendations  from 
present  and  previous  employeis.  Fourteen  years'  experi*nce  — 
W.  SPOWAGE,  Harrow  Cottage,  Knockholt,  Sevenoaits, 
Kent. 

ARDENER.— Age  40,  single  ;    thoroughly 

experienced   in   every    branch.      Well    recommended.- 
J.  B.,  23,  Canterbury  Terrace,  Maida  Vale,  London,  W. 

r^ARDENER.— Married,    no   incumbrance; 

v.-*  Scotch.  Thirty  years'  experience  in  every  branch  of  the 
profession.  Land  and  Stock.  Well  recommended.— W  ROSS 
Tilsdown.  Cam.  Gloucestershire. 

(^ARDENER    (good    Single-handed,    or 

V-«  where  more  are  kept)  —Age  32.  married.  Thoroughly 
competent  both  m  Glass,  Flower,  and  Kitchen  Gardening 
Understands  Poultry,  &c.  Three  years'  character  from  last 
situation,-- H.  A.  S.,  tr,  Crogsland  Road,  Chalk  Farm, 
Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. ^ ^^^ 

(T^^ARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second 

^^  where  foiu-  or  five  are  kept).— Age  25  ;  very  good  refer- 
ence.-WILLIAM  FELSTEAD,  Batkby.  near  jiiclster. 


C)RCH1D  GROWER,  CULTIVATOR,  and 

Vy  PROPAGATOR  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
General.— Age  24  ;  native  of  Germany,  but  speaks  English 
well.-Messrs.  THOMAS  CRIPPS  and  SON  The  -Tun- 
bridge  Wells  Nurseries,  Kent,  can  confidently  recommend  the 
above,  and  will  have  pleasure  10  answering  any  inquiries. 

pLANT   GROWER,  in  Market   or    Gem]^ 

-*-  man's  place.—Wanted  by  an  experienced  young  man  a 
situation.  — M.  G.,  80,  Norman  Road,  St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

PTo  Nurserymen. 
ROPAGATOR   and   GROWER   of  Pelar- 
goniums,  Fuchsias,  Bouvardias,  and  other  Plants  where 

they    are    grown    extensively    for    market Age    30,    single  ■ 

thoroughly  experienced.  Could  manage  a  large  charge,  and 
produce  first-class  references.— A,  B.,  Mr  Fuller,  News  Agent 
North  Einchley,  N.  ^       ' 


PROPAGATOR,  in   a   Nursery.  — Quick   at 

-^        Potting.  Tying,  &c.— A.  D.,  Mr.  Murphy,  Stationer   a6 
Bolton  Road,  High  Road,  Chiswick.  '  *  ' 


PTo  Nurserymen.  ~ 

ROPAGATOR  (Assistant,  Indoor),  in  a 
good    Nursery.-Age    18  ;     active    and    willing.      Good 
character.  Wages  moderate.-A.  HILTON,  Barnham,  Bognor, 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

"      Age  22  ;    bothy  preferred.     Can    be  well  recommended  — 
H.  CROOKS,  56.  Upper  Parliament  Street,  Nottingham. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

RB-vrp'  '.Si;  ''"f  V«^'5'  "P"ifnce.  Good  characler.-JAMES 
DJinCE,  Chew  Maf^na,  Bristol. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  25  ; 

f^  seventeen  months'  good  character. -J.  K.,  Wood  Green 
Park,  Cneshunt,  Herts. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

"  Age  1  ;  over  two  years  in  present  place.  Excellent 
Wor'kw"  l^KOOKS,    The    Gardens,     Worksop     Manor, 

T O U R N EYMAN,   in  the   Houses.— Age  20  ; 

"  five  years'  good  experience  in  Forcing  Fruit,  Flowers. 
Vegetables,  and  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Good  character 
—A.  K.   LEDGER,  London  Road,   Camberley,  Farnborough, 

JOURNEYMAN,    in   a   Gentleman's   estab- 

"  hshment,  in  the  Houses  preferred,  or  Outside  with  a  view 
of  taking  first  vacancy.— Age  22  :  first-class  recommendation 
J[°;'5^[""^™' employer- J.  E.,  4,    Mary's  Place.  Acton  Hill, 

TMPROVER,   in    a^entleraan's   GardenT^ 

.A?°   ."i"'    *■"    '"=="  "'■"'   '"r^    ">  "■   Nursery,— W.    E., 
19,  Milford  atieet.  Salisbury,  Wilts. 

TMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  17  ;  th7ee 

-»-  y.ar.'  experience.  Well  up  to  his  woik.-C.  H,  W.,  48, 
Wes^g aie ,  S  ea ford,  Lincolnshire.  ' 

TMPROVER.— Wanted,   a   situation  under^ 

J.  good  Foreman,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  estab- 
„';,'"='"■  Three  years  in  present  place.  .\ge  17. -G.  S.,  Holly 
Hill,  Southampton. 


TMPROVER,  in  the   Houses,  or  Inside  and 

J-     Out  in  a  Gentleman's  garden  —Age  19  ;  five  years'  experi- 

H.^^'il,  p°2    F '"J""",!   '^'"''i'  P'=f""=<l-A.  B.,  G.  Bowyer 
Heath  End,  Farnham,  Surrey. 

O    GARDEJ'JE'RS^^^Wa^ited   to   place   a 

■'-one    \ouih    under   a   good    Gardener.       Please    state 
GARDtNER,     Priory   Lodge,    St.    Helen's.    Ryde. 


T 


0fWi;ht 


Is 

pOWMAN,    or    UNDER    GARDENER  — 

-^  Middle  a^ed,  married,  no  family,  respectable.  Wife  good 
Djiry  and  Poultry-woman,  or  could  attend  to  Lodge  Gate. 
Good  relerence.-D.  GREENFIELD,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton 
Surrey^ 

rtOWMAN,    or    COWMAN    and    UNDER 

Vy  GARDENER -Age  2s:  thoroughly  understands  Pigs 
and  Potiltry.  Good  character.- J.  D.,  34,  Magdala  Road, 
Isleworth,  Middlesex. 


'T'RAVELLER,  MANAGER,  or  NURSERY 

J-  FOREMAN.-Twenty  years'  exyerience  in  first-class 
XMurseries.  Has  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  general 
routine  of  Nursery  Work  and  Seed  Trade.— Address  4  Neck- 
loger  Road,  Spa  Road,  London,  S.  E. 

T'O  FLORISTS,  &c.-^R^ired  the  Manage- 

-■-  ment  of  a  Seed  and  Florist  Shop,  near  London.  Cti.  be 
well  recommrnded.-C.  ROWE,  Mr.  Gilbert,  Marine  Par.ade 
Hastings. 

MSefcd  Trade. 
ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN— 
.  Age  31,  mimed-  English;  fifteen  years'  practical 
experience  in  the  Wholsile  and  Retail  .'?5ed  Trade.  First- 
da.ss  references.-;.  CORNEY,  Peter  La-,-"^  n  &  Son  (Limited), 
tdinburgh.  -  C*    •'» 


QHOPMAN     (Head),     or'    MANAGER,— 

A  t7!'i,°'S'^l'  '""="'■=■'8=  01  every  detail  connected  with  Seed 
and  Bulb  Business  routine,  having  had  upwards  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience  in  first-cla^  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses. 
Good  Correspondent,  and  well  versed  in  Plaots  —The 
MANAGER,  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Yeovil, 

CfKOPMAN,   in   Seed  ^Establishment.- Ag^ 

,,  ,  J?  ■  '''^"^',?  y^^"'  Bood  character. -A.  M..  Shepherd's 
Bush  Nursery,  Shepherd's  Bush,  W, 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND. —Age  27;   eleven 
years'  experience  in  all  branches.     Fitst-cUss  re'erence 
—  E.    F..   Gardineri    Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street! 

QHOPMAN,   or   SECOND.  —  Seven   years' 

kJ  experience  ;  good  knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs  also 
Plants.  Can  be  well  recommended. —A.  B.,  15,  Dublin  Street 
Edinburgh.  ' 


^  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— A-^e  21  •  six 
H  '"Y''  "P?;"™"'  Good  reference.-;.  S.,  Thos.  Imrie 
&  Sons,  Ayr,  N.B, 

SSeed  Tracie^ 
HOPMAN      or     WAREHOUSEMAN.  — 
Young  ;  eight  years'  experience.     Exceptional  references. 
-ALPHA,  R.  B.  Laird  &  Son,  Edinburgh.  "ences. 

Seed  or  Nursery  Trade. 
pLERK    or    SHOPMAN. —  Would    take    a 

V^  journey  if  desired.  Good  Book-keeper  and  Correspon- 
dent. Ihoroughly  experienced,  and  can  produce  first-class 
testimonials —;.  O..  Gardeners' Chranidi  OSic^,  41,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  W.C  >ciiing 

LERK,  in   Nursery  or  Seed  Trade.— Good 

"'-rences  and  experience.— H.  B  ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Wellinglon  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


c 


pOACHMAN.— Age    32,    married  ;    respect- 

nTe-n^wli     ?"  T"'b  ^r"*  '^'^?i"""'-T'.  C,  Barley  House, 
yueen  Hiil.  near  lewkesbury,  Gloucestershire. 


TTOLLOWAY'S     PILLS.- Indigestion   and 

-iJ-  Li'ver  Complalnts.-The  digestion  ,annct  be  long  or 
seriously  disordered  without  the  derangement  being  perceptible 
on  the  countenance.  These  Pills  prevent  both  unpleasant 
consequnces  :  they  improve  the  appetite,  and  wiih  the  incr-ase 
of  desire  for  food  they  augment  the  powers  of  digestion  and 
assimilation  in  the  stomach.  Holloway's  Pills  deal  most  satis- 
factorily with  deranged  or  diseased  conditions  of  the  many 
organs  engaged  in  extracting  nourishment  for  our  bodies  Irom 
our  various  diets-^as  the  liver,  stomach,  and  bowels  ;  over  all  of 
which  they  exercise  the  most  salutary  control.  By  resorting  at 
an  early  stage  of  this  malady  to  these  purifying  and  laxative 
Pills,  the  dyspeptic  is  speedily  restored  to  health  and  strength, 
and  his  sallowness  gradually  vanishes. 


288 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  29,  iS 


Subscribers  to  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 

who    experience    any    difficulty    in    obtaining    their 
Copies     regularly,     are     particularly     requested     to 
communicate    ^vith    the     Publisher, 
W.     RICHARDS,     41,    WELLINGTON     STREET,    STRAND,    W.C 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINbERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G. 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULIC 

Tl   s    isc-f  I  S  If  let         \i  I  k  r        I,    t  rl 

y  t     „1  t  or  d    I     r         ll      t        t  t  r  hi  o  r  or  n  oi    e  r    w  r      1    r        t  t  (ill  c  n  be  obu 

t  d  for  supply  nj,  1    bl  c  or  I  r    ite  Lsubl  si  ments   F  irm  Hu  Id    gs    R    1«  ly  SI  il  ons   &c 


in  Oak  ( 


No.  ^^.     v^ARL^N   ^Nv^LNES,  uf 

No.  5+i5.  THE    C.\SSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as 

Right  Hon.  Ihe  Earl  of  Essex. 

No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     C.\ST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

designed    for    the 


,     I.^L.    WELL  ILM.^  f^,.  Hv..^=,  lUnd,  S.c..,u,  u.  ^L,.„  P>.>,c.. 
No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGA"ORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

S'.?!-:  P°*"-     -    .-  [Gardens.  &c. 

No.  46a.  IMPR,^.i;,D   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49<z.  GAL\'ANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  54.7.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  SucUon. 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  (or  Mansions,  Farms.  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS.  WARMING  APPARATUS,  B.ATHS.  DRYING  CLOSETS.  G.\SWORKS.  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,   HOSE  PIPES.  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  part  of  the  Country.       Plans  and  Entmatts  furnished. 


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Please     send    me 


The     Gardeners'    Cmronicl 


for_ 


1885. 
Months, 


cemmencinQ 


,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


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Editorial  Coramumcaticns  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor ;".  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  ii,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Mesbrs.  Bbaubhrv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
the  said  WiLLlAM  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  August  29.  1S85. 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzips  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatjlisfjetJ  1841. 


No.  6io.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sER^rs.}    SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  5,  1885.      { 


Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  5(1. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,   5^^. 


CONTENTS. 


Apple      crop      in     Nova 

Scoii.i.  the       .. 
Ari?;toluclii3  dedans 
Ashton  Court,  Bristol    . . 
Banbury  show     . . 
Caterpillars  ..  .. 

Chamserops  Fortunei     .  ■ 
Cherkley  Couit,  tropical 

fruits  at 

Chrysanthemums  at  Chis- 

wiclt,  a  show  of 
Clematis,  the  wild 
Clip  or  holder,  patent    . . 


Market  vef;et:ible  growing 
Me^embryanthenium 

Edule 

Milfoils,  the 
Nymphaea  zanzlbaren^is 
Ob;luary  :  Mr.  Hovey.. 
Orchids  for  amateurs     . 
iL  of  South 


A  flic 


Dendrobium        Chrlstia- 


304     Pierre  Eelon 

;  Plants  and  their  culture 
306  j  Realism,  a  bit  of. . 

I  Resel,  Dr.  E.  von 
304     Roses,  striking  from  eyes 
310     Rosery,  the 
3og  I  Rose  tube,  Slaughter's.. 
304  j  Rowe  Orphan  Fund 


Dictionary  of  the  Names 

of  British  Plants 
Disease  of  Anemones     .. 

Dodder 

Ensilage     of      Mulberry 

EiythrinaCrista-galli    '.'. 
Figs,  fertilisation  of       .. 
Flower  garden,  the 
Forenry 


xhibit 


Iri 

Kew,  the  Marianne  North 

gallery  at 
Liliumgiganteum  in  West 

Grinstead  Park 
Market  gardening 


I  Pe 


irth      Horticul- 


Harpenden      Horticul- 

Reading  Horticultural 

Sandy  and  district  Hor- 
ticultural 

Scottish  Horticultural 
Stocks  degeneratmg 
Strawberry,  the  . . 
Tobacco  and  cigar  trade 

in  Cuba,  the     .. 
Turner  Memorial,  the  .. 

Weather 

Wilkinson,  Miss.. 
Woodlands,  why  they  do 


299  ■ 


t  pay  . 


ILLUSTATIONS. 
Aristolochia  elegans         . .  . .  . . 

Chamserops  Fortune!       . . 
Clip  or  holder,  patent 

Disease  of  Anemones 

I  nsects,  garden 

Roses,  striking  from  eyes 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
Y'JIE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publislur, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 
T>OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY^ 

iVi  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NOTICE  !  — COMMITTEE  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  ii  A.M.,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
September  8. 

SHOW  of  GRAPES,  DAHLIAS,  S:c  ,  SEPTEMBER 
8  and  9  Open  on  the  8th  from  i  o'clock  to  10  P.M.  ;  on  the 
9lh  from  10  o'Clock  a.m. 

N.B.-Exhib.tors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

South  Kensington,  S.W. 

SHOW  of  GRAPES.  DAHLIAS,  &c..  on  TUESDAY, 
September  8,  and  WEDNESDAY,  September  9,  in  the  Con- 
servatory. 

Visitors  to  the  International  Inventions  Exhibition  admitted 
free  at  1  P  M. 


T 


EA 


ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 

:t  from.     The  beautiful  pure  white  Niphetos,   full  of 
buds,  Mart^chal  Niel,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  and  others  ;  12J. ,  i8j.,  to 
36r.  per  dozin. 
F.  STREE  r,  Heatherside  Nurseries.  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 

To  tie  Trade. 
PELARGONIUMS. 

Surplus  stock.  All  the  leading  varieties, 
lots,  about  half  in  full  flower,  fit  for  im- 
lainder  have  been  disbudded  and  specially 
ling.     My  own  selection.     Price,  30J.  per 


ZONAL 
80CO  for  Sale. 
Splendid   stuff  in  48 
mediate  use.     The  n 


CAMELLIAS.— For  Sale,  Si.\  Extra  Large, 
from   6  to  8   feet  high  from  top  of  box,  two  Pink,   one 
Dark   Red,    one    Light,   two   Double  White,   flore-pleno.     For 
particulars,  apply  to 
Mr.  WRIGHT,  Gardener,  High  House.  Thorpe.  Norwich. 

LARGE  FAN-TRAINED  PEACH  TREES. 
— Several   good  Trses  for   Sale,  cwine  to  want  of  room. 
Good  sorts  and  fine,  healthy  trees  that  move  well.     For  pai- 


1  Ha 


,  Ketton.  near  Stamford. 


STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  potting  on  or  planting  out.     Low   prices  to  the 
Tr:  de  and  others.     LIST  on  apniicalion 
FRASCISR.KINGHORN,  Nurseryman.  Richmond, Surrey. 


Now  Ready. 

TEA  and   NOISETTE    ROSES,  in  pots,  of 
best  sorts  only,   in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.    Priced  LlSTgr^tlis,    A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
lot  travelline,  will  he  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13J.  td, 
EWING  AND  CO..  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Kavani,  Hant<:. 

HOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  know.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS    AND   SIMP.SON,  Seed  and    Bulb    Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Straot",  W.C. 

"VE^NARCISSUS  orD a"fFodTl";" 

JL     containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
OD  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  wiih  many  Woodcuts.    Price  u. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


T 


Irradiating  the  Present,   Restoring  the  Fast." 
HE    "ORIGINAL"    LITTLE    BOOK  of 

DAFFODILS -Ii  gte.«  variety,  Harvtsted  and  Ripened 
:11  for  best  tesu'ti  whh  Wm.  Bayt  or  H>vrti,and's  care  and 


menus  "Original"   lUusritions  and  130  sons  to  select  fr 
The  Boole,  one  of  the  best  rhtngs  y.  t  publi>hed.  posi-'ree,  ij 
HARTLANl/S  Old  Established  Garuea  Seed  Wareho 
2<,  Patrick  Street,  Coik. 


PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses.— Latar.ia  boibonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged,  30  inches  high.  i;r. 
per  do2:n  ;  lample  plants,  ir.  yd  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
aSJ.penoa;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  pnt.t  free. 
Posul  orders  to  GARDENER,  Holly  Loiige,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


Bulb  Catalogue. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 
season  is  now  ready,  free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Narcissus,  Crocus.  &c. 
Also  Roses,  Fruit  trees,  Shrubs,  &c.  Early  Orders  are 
solicited. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


The  Best  Yellow  Carnation. 

PRIDE  of  PENSHURST.— A  marvellously 
free  bloomer  and   vigorous    grower.     Perfectly    hardy. 
Forces   well     Plants   ready    about  September.     Price    ar.  bd. 
each,  +r.  a  pair.   Cash  with  Order.    Trade  price  on  application. 
F.  BRIDGER,  Penshurst,  Kent 


MYRTLES  (broad  and  narrow-leaved),  any 
size  and  quantity,  for  sate  cheap.   Apply  for  sample  and 

W.   A.   CLINGO,     Waverley    Nursery,     Waverley    Place, 
St  John's  Woon,  N.W. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 
JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,   Belgium,  offers 

"      to  the  Trade:— AZALEAS    INDICA.    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA.   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

ARCISSUS         ODORUs        (CAMPER- 

NELLI).  tnie.  20J.  per  1000.  Also  a  few  ihousand 
Sweet  scented  JONQUILS,  at  151.  per  1000.  All  selected  and 
good  flowering  bulbs. 

THOS.  GELL.  St.  Lawrence,  Ventuor.  Isle  of  Wight. 


o 


UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 

is  now  in  the  Press.     Send  fr  a  copy. 
NEAf  PLANT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

FOR  SALE,  for  want  of  room.  Twenty  large 
CAMELLIAS,   some  6  and  S  feet  high,    well  set  with 
buds.     Some  good  white  among  them.     To  be  seen  at 

W.  A.  CLINGO'S.    Waverley  Nu  sery,   Waverley   Place, 
St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 


FOR      SPECIALLY       CHEAP       GLASS 
see  Last  or  Next  Week's  Gardeners'  Ckronielt. 
HY.  WAINWRIGHT,  Sand  lo,  Alfred  St.,  Boar  Lane,  Leeds. 

ISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 

are    open     to     RECEIVE    CONSIGNMENTS    of 
CHOICE  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS. 


w 


s 


QUELCH         AND        BARN  HAM, 

Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
antity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 


QUELCH        AND        BARN  HAM, 

giving  personal  attention    to    all  consignments,  they  are 
enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

ANTED,   ACACIAS  of  sorts,  about 

6  to  8  feet,  well  furnished  and   healthy  specimens. 
Size  and  price  to 
IRELA;<D  and  THOMSON,  20.  Waterloo  Place. Edinburgh. 

WANTED,  100  Gold  and  Silver  FISH,  from 
a  pond  or  cold  water.     Different  sizes.     State  lowest 
cash  price  to 

W.   A.   CLINGO,    Waverley    Nursery,    Waverley    Place, 
St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 


To  the  Trade. 

SEAFORTHIA     ELEGANS.  —  Seed    just 
arrived  in  fine  condition.     Write  for   lowest  Trade  price 
and  iajiple  to 
H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germmv. 

A"       mTc  jongkindt   coninck 
•  begs  to  offer  :  — 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILITE, 
,,     .^ARDENSIS  (Novelty) 
SHR.EA  PALMATA  ALBA  (Novelty)  pure  white. 
Piices  on  application. 
Tottenham  Nurseries,  Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 

DaSFodlls  (Narcissi),  and   Other  Bulbs  for  Present 

Plamivg  in  Gardens,  Meadows,  S;c. 

EDWARD    MORSE,    Nurseries,    Epsom, 
will  send  his  CATALOGUE  of  the  above  Bulbs  to  any 
address  on  receipt  ^  application. 


I  EIGHTY  THOUSAND 
-i  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  ai 
of  the  flowers  of  which  becr^me  10  i 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  c 
ing  and  bedding,  from  12 
Descriptive  LIST  on  applii 
RICHARD  SMITH  . 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


CLEMATIS 

i    single  varieties  (s( 


Nurserymen    and    Seed 


FOR    SALE,    a    splendid    Pair    of   TREE 
FERNS  (Cyaihea  medullaris),  6  feet  6.inch  stems.    In 
sound  tubs.     For  particulirs  apply  to 
Mr.  JUHN  CARVILL,  51,  Algernon  Road.  Lewisham,  S  E. 

KE LWAY'S^P YRETH RUMS,  Doubleand 
Single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis.        KELWAY  and  SON,  Langport,  Somerset. 

U  L  B  S        tId         B^         sold 

at  Low  Prices  :— 

Double    White    NARCISSUS.     Pheasant's-eye    NARCIS. 

SUS,  and  DAFFODILS.    A  large  assortment  of  these  superior 

Bulbs  are  offered  to  the  Trade  for  the  Season  1885.     Apply  to 

W.  A.  BARKER,  East  Sheen,  Surrey. 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  £cc. 

CG.  VAN   TUBERGEN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  fiee  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 
Ctutched  Friars,  E.C. 


CROCUS    BULBS.  — 
Bulbs,  in  first-rate  conditio 
R   GOSLING,  Marke 


100,000   lari?e  Yellow 


AZALEAS,   grand   large    plants    of    Double 
White,  well  set  for  earlv  bloom,  20J.  per  dozen. 
BOUVARDIAS  in  eight  best  kinds,  incluling   Doubles,  fine 

bushy  plants,  25^.  per  too. 
GARDENIAS,  bushy,  some  in  bud,  251.  per  ico. 

W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 


w 


M.    POTTEN    can    still    supply    BOU- 

VARDIAS  as  advertised  last  week,  also  the  following, 
p  ist-free  :-Good  plants  of  the  four  varieties  of  BOU  VaRD  I  AS, 
2r.  9^.  per  dozen;  choice  mixed  CINERARIAS,  is.  td.  per 
dozen,  strong  ;  twelve  varieties  of  CRYiANTH  EMUM,  strong, 

Camden  Nursery,  Sissinghurst,  Staplehurst,  Kent. 

CTeMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  is 
now  in  bloom.  All  interested  in  this,  the  most  important 
i'.troduction  of  modern  times,  should  book  to  Sunningdale 
Station  (S.W.R.),  and  call  on 

.   CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

RIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 

Fine  pbnts,  ready  for  single  pots,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large- flowered  strains  we  have  distnbuted  for 
fourteen  years,  u.  td.  per  doz.,  loi   per  lo^,  lis.  dd  for  250. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SoN,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Akrincham, 
and  12,  Market  Slrect,  Manche^:er. 

Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intiniaie  that  theur 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supeiior  qualiiy.  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  they  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  are  in  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 

Vines— Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Price  and  full  particulars  on 
application  to  the  Company, 


The  Vineyard  and  Nurs 


,  Garston,  r 


TUB  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883, 
Strong  Canes,  j^s  per  100;  gr.  per  dozen. 

Usual  allowance   to  Trade,  5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.     Orders  are  now  being  booked. 

A.  FAULKNOR,  Inkpen,  Hungerfoid, 


290 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Flower  Eoots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.  everv  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  (arms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'Clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  6966  ) 

EPIDENDRUM         SCHOMBURGHI. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  Kins 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  10,  a  fine  importation  of  the 
beautiful  EPIDENDRUM  SCHOMBURGHI,  now  offered 
for  the  first  time  ;  it  is  fully  described  in  Dr.  Lindlcy's  Fott>i 
Orchiilncea^  at  p.  70,  and  Dr.  Lindley  says  that  the  flowers  are 
rich  scarlet  and  very  handsome.  This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  Epidendrums,  the  flowers  are  scarlet  m  opening,  changing  to 
deep  ciimson  as  they  get  older,  ard  last  about  two  months  in 
perfection.  Every  plant  was  collected  in  flower,  and  are  in 
splendid  order. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  (966 ) 
EPIDENDRUM         GLUMACEUM. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVE'NS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  10,  an  importation  in  very 
fine  condition  of  EPIDENDRUM  GLUMACEUM  j  flowers 
are  produced  in  a  Hyacimh-like  spike  about  a  foot  in  length, 
white  unged  with  pink,  and  a  rose  lip. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  6966 ) 
ODONTOGLOSSUM        PLANIFOLIUM. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street. 
C  vent  Garden,  W  C  .  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  September  ro.  at  half-past  ta  o'Cbck  precisely, 
afine  importation  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PLANIFOLIUM  ; 
flowers  yellow,  twenty  to  thirty  on  a  spike,  and  Collector  saw 
plants  with  thirty  and  more  flower  spikes.  The  Bowers  are 
finely  scented  Also  a  few  nlants  of  the  very  rare  ONCIDIUM 
ISOPTERUM,  O.  FLE.XUOSUM,  EPIDENDRUM  DIO- 
TUM.  a  fewE.  ENDRESI,  BURLINGTONIA  DECORA 
PICTA,  CYRTOPODIUM  ST.  LEGERIANUM,  Bifrenaria 
species,  and  a  fine  lot  of  CATTLEVA  DOWIANA,  in  At 
condition,  and  many  other  CATTLEYAS  and  other  valuable 
ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  6966.) 
ESTABLISHED        ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in 
his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Ronms.  3S, 
K.ng  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEX  T. 
September  10.  about  too  Lots  of  good  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS  in  variety. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


M 


Orchids  In  Flower. 
R.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 

■  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY,  September  17,  and  he  will 
be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  Entering  Plants  for  this 
not    later   than 


St  Martin's.  Chichester. 


Sale  of  a  FREEHOLD  GARDEN,  known  as  The  Graperies. 

MESSRS.  WYATT  and  SON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  THURSDAY,  Seplember  17,  at  The 
Dolphin  Hotel,  Chichester,  at  3  o'Clock  precisely,  by  direction 
of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker,  who  is  retiring  from  business,  a  very 
valuable  and  productive  FREEHOLD  GARDEN,  known  as 
THE  GRAPERIES,  ST.  MARTIN'S,  CHICHESTER, 
with  eight  Glasshouses  thereon  in  capital  condition,  heated  with 
flues  and  hot-water  pipes,  having  a  total  length  of  518  feet,  and 
an  area  of  9646  feet  of  glass.  Four  of  the  largest  houses  are 
well  stocked  with  the  choicest  Vines  for  market  produce  and  in 
full  bearing  :  the  other  four  are  used  as  Strawberry  and 
Tomato  houses.  The  garden  is  planted  with  Plum,  Pear,  and 
Mulberry  trees,  and  well  stocked  with  fruit  bushes.  There  is 
also  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  from  a  pump  in  the  garden, 
three  large  water  tanks,  and  a  Tool  and  Fowl. house  thereon. 
The  above  garden  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  city  of 
Chichester,  with  a  carriage  entrance  from  Little  London.  It 
has  been  for  many  years  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker, 
who  has  done  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  London  market  and 
trade  customers  at  Soulhsea,  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Salisbury,  and 
other  places- 
Possession  will  be  given  at  Christmas  next,  with  the  exception 
of  the  vineries  where  the  Grapes  are  not  then  cut,  with  right  of 
access  thereto.  One  half  of  the  purchase  money  may  remain  on 
mortgage  at  4i  per  cent. 

The  garden  may  be  viewed  on  anolication  to  Mr.  ISAIAH 
BAKER,  The  Graperies,  St.  Martin's,  Chichester;  and 
particulars,  wiih  conditions  of  sale,  obtained  of  Messrs.  RAPER 
AND  FREELAND.  Solicitors.  West  Street,  Chichester  ;  and 
of  Messrs.  WYATT  and  SON,  Estate  Agents,  Valuers,  and 
Auctioneers,  East  Street,  Chichester,  and  Auction  Malt, 
Havant. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C..  every  MONDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  at  half  past  rt  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely each  day.  about  800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade    and  Private 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

N.B  The  Sale  on  THURSDAY  NEXT  will  include  tooo 
GOLD  FISH. 


Friday  Next. 

A  VALUAI>LE  LOT  of  CHOICE  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS,  amongst  which  wiU  be  found  fine  plants  of 
Odontoglossom  Edwardi,  Lxlia  anceps  Dawsoni.  Dendro- 
bium  Ainsworthi  roseum,  Cattleya  aurea.  Phalajnopsis 
Schilleriana,  Ccrlogyne  Massangeana,  Phala;nopsis  anten- 
nifera,  in  flower  :  Epidendrum  Cooperianum.  Cattleya  gut- 
tata, C.  aurea,  Lslia  Stelzneriana,  several  Laslia  purpurata, 
Corianthes  macrantha,  C.  maculata,  Lxlia  anceps  var.  ves- 
talis,  Cattleya  Skinneri  alba,  Masdevallia  Schlimi,  several 
Lalia  Domingensis,  &c.  Also  a  fine  lot  of  IMPORTED 
and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  Messrs.  Shuttle- 
worth,  Carder  &  Co.,  and  a  quantity  of  fine  plants  of 
Imported  DENDROBIUMS,  and  other  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION  at  trieir  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
September  ri,  at  half-pas  13  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Great  Horticultural  Trade  Sale  Week. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
beg  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Trade  to  the    following 
ANNUAL       SALES        of       WINTER        FLOWERING 
HEATHS  and   GREENHOUSE   PLANTS,   for  the    week 
SEPTEMBER  t4  to  19. 
They  will  be  pleased  to  forward  Catalogues  on  application. 


Lee,  Kent,  S.£. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to  commence  punctually 
at  1 1  o'clock  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
adjoining  Lee  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY,  September  15. 
at  II  o'clock  punctually,  without  reserve,  so,coo  WINTFR 
BLOOMING  HEATHS,  beautifully  grown  and  well  set  with 
bloom-buds,  including  15.000  Erica  hyemalis,  3000  gracilis, 
1003  CafTra,  and  large  quantities  of  ventricosa  and  other 
varieties  ;  large  numbers  of  Erica  gracilis  autumnalis  in  60-pots 
for  growing  on;  70C0  well-berried  SOLANUMS,  icoo 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  roao  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA, 
3000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  2000  LOMARIA  GIBBA, 
and  other  choice  decorative  Ferns  in  48.pots  ;  2000  GEN- 
ISTAS. 6aoo  BOUVARDIAS.  including  the  new  double  Sang- 
I.orrain  and  V.  Lemoine,  also  Alfred  Neuner  and  President 
Garfield  ;  1000  decorative  PALMS,  looo  EPACRIS,  double 
white  PRIMULAS.  Marechal  Niel  and  other  TEA  ROSES, 
extra  strong  STEPHANOTIS.  HOYAS,  English-grown 
CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS.  3000  CLEMATIS  FLAM- 
MULA,  one  year  transplanted,  and  other  stock. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneeis,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

N.B.  — Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  Stock  to  be  offered  as  above  The  PI  ants 
are  remarkably  well  grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good   condition  as  in  former 


Lea  Bridge  Road  Nusrerles,  Leyton,  E. 
GREAT    ANNUAL    UNRESERVED   TRADE    SALE    of 
WINTER       FLOWERING      HEATHS      and      other 
PLANTS,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Fraser. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the 
Premises,  the  Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries.  Levton.  E.,  close  to 
Hoe  Street  R.ailway  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY.  September 
16,  at  11  o'clock  precisely  (in  consequence  of  there  being 
upwards  of  1100  lots),  without  reserve,  many  thousands  of 
winter  blooming  and  other  HEATHS  remarkably  well  grown, 
including  hyemalis,  gracilis,  caffra,  hybrida,  candidissima, 
persoluta  alba,  ventricosas.  and  others;  2000  EPACRIS  of 
the  choicest  kinds,  2coo  AZALEA  INDICA,  4000  CYCLA- 
MEN PERSICUM,  2000  GENISTA  FRAGRANS,  400 
Double  White  PRIMULAS  in  40  and  48-pots,  500  BOU- 
VARDIAS, best  sons  :  Tea-scented  and  Noisette  ROSES, 
SOLANUM  CAPSICASTRUM  in  berry,  several  hundreds  of 
well  grown  CAMELLIAS  well  set  with  bloom.  CLEMATIS 
INDIVISA  LOBATA,  and  other  GREENHOUSE 
CLIMBERS;  1500  early  flowering  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
200  Marechal  Niel  and  other  ROSES,  from  7  to  to  feet  ;  a  large 
quantity  ol  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  a  variety  of  GREEN- 
HOUSE  PLANTS,  fine  healthy  young  plants  of  LAPA- 
GERIA  ALBA  and  ROSEA  SUPERBA,  a  beautiful  lot  of 
about  300  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  3000  CLEMATIS 
JACKMANNI.  and  other  fine  varieties;  a  splendid  lot  of 
variegated  I\  lES,  4M  large  variety  White  JASMINE,  a 
quantity  of  other  hardy  climbers,  403  HOLLYHOCKS,  fine 
named  sorts,  and  other  Slock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Tottenham,  N. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER- 
FLOWERING  HEATHS,  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS.  &c,  to  commence  punctually  at 
ri  o'clock,  there  being  upwards  cf  1200  lots  to  sell  in 
one  day. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  in>ttucted  by  Mr.  John  Mailer  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nursery,  Totten- 
ham, N  ,  close  to  While  Hart  Lane  Station,  Great  Eastern 
Railway,  on  THURSDAY.  Seplember  17,  at  11  o'Clock 
punctually,  without  reserve,  20.000  Winter-blooming  H  EATHS, 
beautifully  grown,  and  abundantly  set  with  flower-buds, 
including  hyemalis,  gracilis,  caffra.  Wilmorea.  assurgeus,  and 
other  best  kinds;  icoo  EPACRIS,  in  best  varieties;  5030 
remarkably  well-berried  SOLANUM  CAPSICASTRUM, 
5000  well-grown  FERNS,  including  Adiantums  and  Gymno- 
grammas;  500  FICUS  ELASTICA.  4coa  TREE  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  varieties  ;  soto  BOUVARDIAS,  including  the 
new  double  scarlets,  Sang-Lorrain,  Triomphe  de  Nancy,  and 
Victor  Lemoine;  looo  EUPHORBIA  JACQUINIFLORA, 
large  plants  of  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS  or  cutting  from, 
40C0  GENISTAS,  1000  Double  White  PRIMULAS,  including 
Gilbert's  new  varieties;  many  thousands  ol  smafl  ERICAS. 
GEN1ST.A.S,  FERNS,  &c.,  for  growing  on  ;  large  quantities 
of  AZALEAS,  budded  CAMELLIAS,  GARDENIAS.  BE- 
GONIAS, ACACIAS,  PALMS,  PAS5IFLORAS  CtERU- 
LEA  and  CONS  lANCE  ELIOIT.  the  new  white  ;  and  a 
variety  of  other  remarkably  well-grown  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS.  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  CLE- 
MATIS, EUONYMUS  OVATUS  AUREUS  in  pots,  and 
many  thousands  in  stores;  and  other  SHRUBS  for  potting, 
suitable  for  the  Trade  and  other  extensive  Buyers. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  EC 

N.B. -The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  first-rate  condition,  the 
ERICAS  being  especially  well  set  for  flower. 


Sldcup,  Kent,  S.E. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER 
FLOWERING  HEATHS,  and  other  Plants,  forming  one 
of  the  largest  collections  ever  offered  to  the  Public.  The 
stock  of  Heaths  is  unrivalled,  the  plants  being  particularly 
well  grown  and  beautifully  set  with  flowers,  and  well  worthy 
of  an  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Longlands  Nursery,  Sid- 
cup,  ten  minutes' walk  from  Pope  Street  Station  (S.E.R.),  on 
FRIDAY,  Seplember  18.  at  it  o'Clock  precisely  (there  being 
nearly  1100  Lots),  an  immense  quantity  of  unusually  well-grown 
WINTER  BLOOMING  HEATHS,  and  OTHER  PLANTS, 
including  ;— 


jTrei 


a  hyemalis,  well  set. 
gracilis. 

,0.000  Cytissus 

43-pots. 

racemosa. 

melanlhera. 

Cavendishi. 

48-DOls. 

ma^nilica. 

5  000  Solanums 

in  4S-pots. 

coccinea  minor. 

5,000  Bouvardi 

IS  of  sous 

flowering  pols. 

48-pots. 

pots. 


in  48- 


!  Cycla 


villea  robusi 


1  48-pots. 


1,000  double  Primulas,  in  4S-  pots. 

pots.  50,000  Heaths  of  sorts,  in  6o- 

300  Camellias,  well  budded.  pots,  for  growing 

The  stock  is  is  now  o'l  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  EC. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .\ND  MORRIS 
are  in.slructed  by  Mr.  John  Reeves,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery.  Acton,  W.,  on 
THURSDAY.  September  24.  about  too  000  FERNS,  in  pots 
and  store  boxes,  icoo  ASPARAGUS  PLU.MOSUS,  2000 
CORYPHA  AUSTRALIS.  1000  AZALEAS,  well  set  wuh 
buds.    3O30     AUCUBAS,   2300  EUONYMUS,    PELARGO- 


NIUMS, &c. 


Futther  particulars  will  appear. 


Preliminary  Notice  of  Forthcoming  Sales  of  Nursery 

STOCK. 
Important  to  Noblemen.  Gentlemen,    Nurserymen,  Landscape 
Gardeners,  Builders,  and  others  proposing  to  Plant  during 

MESSRS.^PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  give  notice  of  their  Forthcoming  Sales  as  at  pre- 
sent arranged  :— 

OCTOBER  r3.  at  the  NURSERY.  CLAPTON,  by  order 
of  Messrrs   Ofl'ord  &  Son,  the  Lease  having  expired. 

OCTOBER  r4  and  15,  at  the  NURSERY,  FELTHAM 
ROAD.  SUN  BURY,  by  order  of  Mr,  Dawson. 

OCTOBER  27  and  28,  at  the  NURSERY.  PUTNEY,  by 
order  of  Messrs.  Mahood  &  Son.  the  Lease  having  expired. 

NOVEMBER  3,  at  the  HALE  FARM  N  UKoERY,  TOT- 
TENHAM, by  order  of  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware. 

Other  Sales  are  being  arranged,  and  wh;n  the  dates  are 
finally  settled  they  will  be  duly  announced 

Messrs.  P.  &  M.  will  be  pleased  to  forward  Catalogues  on 
application. 


Flowering  Orchids —Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  give  notice  that  their  next  SALE  of  the  above 
will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  September  29.  for  which  they 
will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  ENTRIES  in  due  course. 

London,  W. 

TO  FLORISTS  and  GARDENERS.— 
Cooimanding  pnsilion,  in  one  of  ihc  principal  main  iho- 
roughfares.  Capital  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS— Show  House, 
■y,  Greenhouse?,  several  Pils,  Dwelling-house,  and  Srable. 
Lease  52  years  at  a  low  rent.  Price  ^6co.  Stock  optional. 
Excellent  opportunity. 

Full  particulars  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.C.     (Folio  6242.) 

TO  BE  DISPOSD  OF,  a^FLORl'sf, 
NURSERY,  and  SEED  BUSINESS,  near  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  1  in  the  South  of  England.  Stock. 
Fixtures.  Goodwill,  &c.,  about  ;C3oo.  First-raie  opportunity 
for  an  enterprising  man. 

For  particulars,  direct  to  Mr.  HENRY  FRY,  Romsey  Road. 
Winchester. 

FOR  SALE,  by  Private  Treaty,  the 
NURSERY.  LANDSCAPE  GARDENER'S,  SEED 
and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  earned  on  ior  the  last  i8  years 
by  Mr.  J.  Southall,  of  Handsworth,  who  is  now  permanently 
incapacitated  by  a  serious  accident  from  active  business  pursuit. 
The  Nursery  is  well  stocked  with  Shrubs  of  every  description,  and 
contains  about  2}  acres  at  a  smalt  rent,  together  with  a  roomy 
three-storeyed  House,  three  Glass-houses,  Frames,  &c.,  well 
stocked  ;  also  a  Stall  in  West  Bromwich  Maiket  Hall,  ihe  whole 
now  in  working  order,  and  will  be  sold  as  a  going  concern.  An 
immediate  purchaser  will  be  liberally  dealt  with,  as  the  place 
roust  be  sold  at  once. 

Full  pariiculars  apply   FLEETWOOD    and  GOODEVE. 
Auctioneers,    Valuers,   and  Estate  Agents,  42,  Cherry   Street, 


TO    BE     DISPOSED    OF,     a     genuine 
FLORIST'S,    SEED,    and    JOBBING     BUSINESS, 
all   in    thorough    working   order,    with    Immediate  Possession. 
Rent  £,yi,  with  Lease. 
Address  READ.  5.  Felbrigg  Villas,  Uxbridge  Road,  Ealing. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE   and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  pans  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  J.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


alO  SELL  or  LET  (arising  through  death), 
.  a  Small  NURSERY  and  SEED  BUSINESS,  with 
immediate  possession,  if  required.  Direct  communication  with 
London  by  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Distance  80  miles.  Ten 
Acres  of  LAND  c^n  also  be  had  suiuble  lor  Seed  Growing  or 
Market  Garden  purposes.  Apply  to 
J.  K..  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son.  15a.  Houndsditch,  London.  E. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOR  SALE,  or  TO  BE  LET,  an  Old- 
Established  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  on  high  road, 
close  to  a  city.  Noted  for  Roses  and  Clematises.  Nearly  12 
acres,  2  acres  covered  with  Fiuit  Trees  and  Fruiting  Bushes; 
Dwelling-house,  and  Seed  Shop  ;  convenient  Glass  Houses, 
Barn,  Stables,  Piggeries.  &c. 

Apply  to  Mr.  G.  B.  KENNETT,  Solicitor,  Norwich. 


i 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


291 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Oardtns,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

To  Landed  Propnetors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     no«  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATICIN    .md 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
Its.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants,  id.        Price  LIST  free. 
W.  LOVtLANoSON. 
Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield. 

ERMAN      BUDDENBORG,      BuTb 

Growhr,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BUDDBNBOKG  Bros.).  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  m 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  hiinseU  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  s:me  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  wdl 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Impoktbr  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses.  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1S56.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-lree  on 
amplication.  An  immense  stock  ol  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec   in  each  year. 

MALLER  AND   SONS  beg   to  offer    to 

•  the  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemahs  and  other  varieties)  EPACRIS, 
.  SOI.ANUMS.  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNF.ATUM  and  oiher  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA.  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots,  Stc.    An  inspection  U  invited. 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
The    ANNUAL    SALE    by  AUCTION   will   be  held    on 
TUESDAY,  September  15. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S.E. 

EW      STRAWBERRIES,    "LAXTON'S 

KING  of  the  EARLIES,"  and  "THE  CAPTAIN." 
Orders  (or  these  remarkable  New  Strawberries,  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  from 

T.  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


TO   COLLECTORS  of  NEW  and  E4RE.   HARDY 
and  HALF-HARDY  I0RCHID3. 

ng  col- 


\  The  following  exceedingly  rare  species 
lected  for  us  ;  special  piices(if  ordered  no> 
Bletla  VereCUDda— Height,    3  feet;    flower  beautiful 

purple,  2r.  tii.  and  3J.  6d. 
Calopogon  muitlflora— Comparatively  unknown,  very 

allracuve,  is-  bd.  and  3s.  bd. 
Calypso    bOreallS— Small    but    uncommonly  beauli'ul 

species,  dark  rose,  on  the  lip  red  dots  and  rose  stripes, 

a  decided  accjuisition,  \s.  bd.  and  zi.  6J. 
CoryclUm  OrObanChOidea— Flowers  in  July,  when  its 

most  beautiful  yellow  blooms  form  a  splendid  sight, 

IS.  bd  and  sr.  bd.  each. 
Cyprlpedlum  montanum— Lovely  white  and  rose,  a 

perfect  gem,  is.  bd.  ;,nd  35.  bd.  each. 
Cyprlpedhun  fascicularis— New,  m.agnificent,  a  few 

plants  A  7J.  6-/.  and  lor.  bd. 
Dlsa  barbata  major— Most  delicate  and  enchanting 

pale  blue,  5J.  and  7r.  bd. 
Dlsa  COrnuta— White  and  violet  wlih  splendid  velvety 

black  spots,  55.  and  75.  bd.  r-j   5,/_ 

Dlsa  porrecta— Very  rate  and  most  beautiful,  51.  and 
Eplpactls  glgantea- Stems  i  to  3  feet  high,  terminat- 
ing wuh  very  large  flowers  (nine  to  ten  on  each),  of  a 

splendid  purple  most  beautifully  touched  with  green, 

IS.  id. ,  31.  6  /.  and  51.  bd. 

Habenarla  pyacholdes— When  well  treated  this  will 

attain  a  height  of  from  3  to  4  feet  ;  flowers  are  most 
beautiful,  "  the  upper  part  of  which  is  densely  studded 
with  large  violet-purple  flowers  edged  with  the  most 
delicate  fringe  ;  the  divisions  of  the  lip  are  fan- 
shaped  and  very  pretty."  Garden,  is.bd  and  31.  6</. 
Herachella  COeleStlS-Magnificent  frame,  &c.,  variety, 
belonging  to  the  same  family  as  the  Disas,  31.  bd. 
and  51.  bd. 

Pterygodlum  alatum,  catholicum,  and  crucUe- 

nim— We  are  open  lo  ofl^er  the  sec  of  three  varieties 
of  this  beautiful  family  at  bs.  for  the  set. 

Satyrlum    carneum,    candldum,    cucullatum, 

erectum  and  marginatum— We  are  open  to  offer 

the  set  ol  above  live  at  the  low  price  of  ys.  tot  the  set. 

N.B.-We  are  open  to  offer  the  above  set  of  twelve 

species  (Pterygodi.ums  and  Satyriums  not  included),  at 

the  reduced  price  of  351.  bd.  for  the  set.     This  reduced 

price  only  re/ers  to  this  adverli,einent. 

Our  Autumn  Illustiated  CATALOGUE  of  FLORAL 
GEMS  gratis  and  post-free  upon  afplication. 

VICCARS    COLX.YER    &    CO., 

CENTRAL  HALL,  LEICESTER  (where  all  letters  are 

to  be  .id.l.cssed),  and 

Glenfleld  Nurseries,  near  Leicester. 
A.  W.   CREWS,  Manasrer. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY   &    EVANS, 

LONQLANDS    NURSERY,    SIDCUP, 
Will  place  before  the  Trade,  at  their  GREAT   SALE  in   SEP- 
TEMBER, one  of  the  Largest  Collections  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 
HEATHS  antJ  OTHER  PLANTS  ever  offereid,  inclufdincr  :_ 


20,000  ERICA   HYEMALIS,  ia  flowering 

pots,  well  set. 
10,000    ,,    GRACILIS,   in  flowering  pots, 
well  set. 
5,000    ,,    MELANTHERA,   in   flowering 

pots. 
5,000    „    CAVENDISHI,      in     flowering 

pots. 
6,000    „    MAGNIFICA,  in  flowering  pots. 
10,000    „    COCCINE  A   MINOR,  in  flower- 
ing pots. 


10,000  CYTISnS  RACEMOSA,  in  48's. 

5,000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  in  48's. 

5,000  SOLANUMS,  in  48's. 

5,000  BOUVARDIAS,  of  sorts,  in  48'8. 

3,000  CYCLAMEN,  in  48'8. 

1,000  TREE  CARNATIONS,  in  48's. 

1,000  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS,  in  48's. 

2,000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  in  48's. 
50,000  HEATHS,  of  sorts,  in  OO's,  for 
growing  on. 


INSPECTION      INVITED. 


DUTCH  FLOW^ER  ROOTS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 

HYACINTHS,  NARCISSUS,  TULIPS,  and  other  BULBOUS  ROOTS; 


And  are  pleased  lo  say  that  they 


exceptionally  fine  conditk 


BULB      CATALOGUE      FOR      1885 

Has  now  been  Posted  io  all  our  Customer^ ;  any  one  not  having  received  the  same,  a  Duplicate 
Copy  will  immediately  be  forwarded  Post-free  on  application. 

BOYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,    KING'S    ROAD,    CHELSEA,     LONDON,    3.W. 


"piCTA,  NEW,  BEGONIA  REX  TYPE.— 

J-        Silver  centre,  Ijright  light  green  trxargin  with  silver  spots, 
very  beautiful.     Good  plant,  2S.  bd.,  post-free. 

TEA  KOSES,  own  roots,  best  varieties,  55.  per  .Soien,  car- 
riage paid.     Strong  plants  NIPHETOS  Marie  Henriette,  &c. 
MAIRISand  CO.,  Weston  iu  Gordano.  Bristol. 

Season  1886. 
Notice  to  NURSERYMEN,  SEEDSMEN,  and  FLORISTS. 

WHY  PAY  FreiRht  from  Holland  to  London 
on  DUTCH  BULBS  when  you  cin  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rale  the  same  quality  and  get  them  brought  ov,-r  free  by 
ordering  from  M.  RAINS  AND  CO.,  34,  Mansell  Street  Aid- 
gate,  E.C,  the  Old-established  Fiim  since  i3;6.  Named 
HYACINTHS,  first-size  Bulbs,  at  li  or.  tod.  per  100,  orz'/id. 
each:  bulbs  true  to  name  and  clours  Price  LISTS  maybe 
had  free  on  application.  Bulbs  will  be  found  at  this  establish- 
ment from  August  until  the  end  of  December  in  each  year, 
HYANCINTHS  from  is.  per  roo  ;  Early  Romans.  8s.  per  100. 


L 


Bermuda  Easter  Lily. 
ILIUM    HAKRISII.— This    Lily,    coming 

from    Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 

lety  generally  sent  from  America  under  the  above  name,  to 

uch  superior,  and  difTerent  in  bulb,  growth,  and 


which 
flower. 

Mr.  \yiL-..iA.M  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  imp-ir- 
tation  direct  from  Bermuda,  and  can  supply  good  hulas  at  21-  bd. 
and  3J.  bd.  each  :  gigantic  bulbs,  5r.  and  ^s  bd  each  ;  a  few 
monster  bulbs.  1  foot  in  circumference,  loJ.  bd.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM.— Mr.  William  Bull  is  now  booking 
orders  for  good  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6(.,  gr.,  i2r.,  iS;.,  and 
24r   per  doz-n.     All  other  good  Lilies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  tor  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


Prize  Gooseberries  and  the  National  Gooseberry 
SHOW. 

ON  SALE,  t^ie  heaviest  and  best  sorts  of 
G00  5EBERRIES,  that  were  shown  at  the  above 
named  show,  as  inserted  in  the  last  vjftfiV-iGardeners'  Clironjcte. 
Also  for  Market  purposes,  CROWN  BOBS.  LANCASHIRE 
LADS,  ROARING  LIONS.  KEEPSAKES,  and  others. 
They  are  all  on  clear  legs,  and  have  clean  healiliy  tops,  and 
will  be  offered  at  unusually  low  prices. 

A  printed   LIST,   with  price  per  dozen  or  hundred  may  be 
had  post-fiee  on  application. 


EDMUND  SALSBURY,  Melbouri 


-  Derby. 


Ferns.— Fema.— Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM,  A.  STRICI  UM,  LOMARU  GIBBA. 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGATA,  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  201.  per  100,  i,9  per  1000. 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  jot.  per  100. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  ^\^  and  5-inch 
pots,  4or.  and  50J.  per  101. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  1  he  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

To  the  Trade  only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurseymen, 
•  Seedsmen,  and  Flokists,  Haarlem.  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No.  379A)  of  Dutch  Flower  Roots  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  1  uberous-rooted  Plantsfor  1885-86,  is 
now  ready,  and  may  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  Nuisery- 
men.  Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extract  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
8vo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specialty.  The  prices  of  Flyacinths  in  general 
are  considerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  infeiior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  published. 


The  Success  of  the  Rose  Season. 

PAUL         AND         SON'S 
Three  New  Cheshunt  Roses. 
II. P.  MADAME  NORMAN  NERUDA-Tlie  perfection  of  a 
show  Roe.         First-class   Certificate  Royal    Horticultural 
Society.  July  t4 
H.P.  LONGFELLOW— The  new  Moss  Rose,  vigorous,  violet. 

Charles  I  efebvre. 
H.P.  PRIDE  of  REIOATE— The  finest  striped  real  autumnal 
flowering  Rose.     First-class  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  July  14. 
The  Set  of  the  Three,  good  Plants  in  pots,  for  budding  from  ; 
or  strong  good  Plants  in  November  ;  2ir.theSet.     Ordcratonce. 
The  "Old"  Nurseries,  theshunt,  Heits. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


D 
D 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland, 
intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  1885.  and  see  the  lpr,ie 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower.  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  10 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 


Strawberry  Plants. 

STRAWBERRY    PLANTS.— Warranted  all 
from  Fruiting  Plants,  and  will  produce  a  large  crop  of  fine 

IMp'rOVED  black  PRINCE,  ALPHA,  CRIMSON 
PINE,  EXdUlSlTE,  TRIOMPHE  DE  PARIS.  VICOM- 
TESSE  HEKlCARTDETHURY,  KEENS'  SEEDLING, 
and  other  really  fine  varieties,  31.  per  100,  carriage  free. 

LAXTON'.S  GRAND  NEW  STRAWBERRY,  KING  OF 
THE  EARLIES,  Fruiting  Plants,  2i.  per  dozen,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper, 
Derbyshire.  


The  Eose  and  Palm  Nursery, 

Genlbrugge,  near  Ghent.  Belgium.     The  Owner, 

OCTAVE     BURVENICH-DE     WINNE, 
begs  to  offer  his  splendid  and  renowned  stock  of  50,000 
AZALEA  MOLLIS-tobe  seen  every  day  in  his  pbce  :  — 
Nice  bushy  stuff,  showing  from  20  to  30  buds,  per  100  C\    o 

General  BELGIAN  STOCK,  at  most  moderate  prices. 
5000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  GRACILLIMUM, 
LOMARIA  ZAMI^FOLIA,  at  12J.  per  100. 


292 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


B  U  LB  S. 

B.  S,  WILLIAMS 

Has  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  he 
has  this  year  been  entrusted  with  the  whole 
of  the  Order  for  BOLBS  required  by  the 
METROPOLITAN  BOARD  of  WORKS, 
for  the  various  Parks,  &c.,  under  thtir  juris- 
diction in  the  Metropolis. 

Orders  for  DUTCH  and  FRENCH 
FLOWERING  ROOTS  of  all  kinds  are 
now  being  executed 

The   ijiinUly   of  the   Bull's    is   excellent  lliis    ve.ir, 
ih'y  beim;  unusually  hiri^l  aud  loell  ripcucj. 


Eirly  Orders   SoUclted. 


ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUK 

ij  now  ready,  and  vfrill  be  T  rwarded  post  free 
.     toallapplicanls. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLT.OWAY,    LONDON,  N, 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

■Fart  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS,  and  a  LIST  of  MISCELLANEOUS  BULBS. 

Part  S  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  (ully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


CHOICE     IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of  door  coinbined. 
Price  2 1  J.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  ds.  dd.  to  ^4  ^s. 

ROSES,  c,s.  per  dozen.       A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  lar^e  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  Hr-e ,  to 

E.    J.    J  ARM  AN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


AFRICAN  TUBEROSES 


WM.   RISLEY.  Maritzburg,    Natal 

(the  Original  Grower). 

ConsignmcDts  of  these  beautiful  Bulbs  have  already 
been  landed,  and  are  now  offered  at  very  low  quo:a- 
tions.  They  are  far  away  superior  in  every  respect  to 
aoy  hiiherto  imported,  and  they  have  never  opened  tip 
in  iuch  exceptionally  fresh  and  healthy  condition. 

The  undersigned  is  prepared  to  show  samples  at  his 
office,  or  to  nive  full  facilities  for  inspection  of  bulk, 
and  to  receive  orders  Intending  buyers  are  advised  to 
make  an  eaily  application,  as  the  supply  is  limited. 

Terms— Cash  la  exchange  for  Delivery  Order. 


Wm.  g.  MACGREGOR, 

LANGBOURN  CHAMBERS, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 


FLOWERING  PLANTS 

For   AUTUMN    and   "WINTER. 

STRONG,  HEALTHY.  a7td  FULL  of  BLOO.U. 


Acacias,  i8j.  to  ^os.  per  dozen. 

Azalea  indlca,  xZs.  to  6cj.  per  dozen. 

Bouvardlas,  distinct,  Singles  and  Doubles    isj.  per  dozen. 

Camellias,  jor.  to  6oj.  per  dozen. 

Cyclamen    perslCUm  (Smith's  superb  strain),   full  of  budS; 

5-inch  pots,  iSt.  psr  dozen. 
CytisUS,  I2.I.  to  iSj.  per  dozen. 
Epacris.  besc  sorts.  iSi.  to  1,0s:  per  dozen. 

Ericas,    hyemalls,    Willmoreana,     caffra.    gracili'^, 

aUtUmnallS,   &C  ,   O  ii.ch  pots,  its.  to  301    per  d'.ztn. 
Gardenias.  iSs.  to  y^s.  per  dozen. 

Lapa^eria  alba.  is.  6dio  43^.  each. 
Lapagerla  rosea.  2r  6</.  to  51.  each. 
Llbonla  peurhoslana,  121.  to  i3j  per  dozen. 

Plraeleas,  very  fine,  ys.  per  dozen. 

Piimulas,  bc<;t  Doubles,  named,  3?.r   to  ^iS-  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  I))nble  While  and  Purple.  \^s   per  dozen. 

Tr^e  Carnations,  5  n'ch  poLs,  24J.  to  301.  per  dozen. 


Orange,  sinensis  (in  fruii),  sj.  dd  each. 

Greenhouse  Climbers,  in  variety.  i3i.  to  3  j  per  dozer. 

GrevUlea  robuata,  5-H.ch  pots,  i2i.  to  iSs.  per  dozeu. 

Ferns,  Maidenhair,  &C  .  in  great  variety  ;  aLo 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS. 

DESCRIPTII'E    LIST    FREF.. 

Selections  from  above  may  be  made  at  d  >zen  pi  iccs. 

The  plants  are  tfrnaik^bly  fine  and  cheap. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  MERCH.VNTS, 

WORCESTER. 

DUTCH  BULBS  at  DUTCH  PRICES. 

Our  TRADE  LIST  is  now  -rady. 

If  you  havi  not  received  one,  send  a  Postal  Card  for  it, 
COMPARE      PRICES. 


HOWCROFT     &    WATKINS, 

Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn 

per  bushel  of  14  cakes  51. 

Per  cake,  61^.  ;  per  cake,  'tee  by 

Parcel  Post,  IJ. 

For  Outdcor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries, 

Urper  Holloway.  London,  N. 


H 


YACINTHP,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 

—  Mav  be  h  .d  in  bloom  befoie  Christmas.  The  best 
pure  White  for  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

RIS  K/EMPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent shat'es  of  colour.  This  grard  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  ytt  known  in  this  countiy.  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lower  of  ft  wers.  It  is  by  f.  r  ihe 
largest  flower  nf  this  family,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  oflTer  well  establihtd  English-grown 
Roots  ;  also  many  other  varieties  of  Iris. 

.\IA   CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 

This  ii  about  the  mo  t  showy  of  this  useful  family 
of  Bulbs. 

XIA    VIRIDIFLORA— a  most   uncommon 

colour  amongst  flnwets  —  very  'tnking,  beii'g 
a  decided  green  with  black  e>e.  AUo  many  oiher 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  farnity  which  only  requites  t.»  be 
more  widely  km  wn  to  be  grown  as  largely  as  the 
Tuiipor  Hyacinth. 

ILIUM     CANDIDUM  — the   Old  White 

-^  Garden    Lily.     Fine   Bulbs  now  ready  for   Planting 

JARCIS.S    and     DAFFODILS  —  in    great 

*  variety—  Choice  and  Common. 

1CI1.LA   SIBIRICA.  — This    charming  rich 

'  Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop,  to 

which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 


WHOLESALE     BULB     CATALOGUE 

trees   of  above    and   all  other  v.rielie-,  of  DUTCH  and 
ENGLISH  BULBS.    May  be  had  on  application. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

13,  EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W  C. 


BULBS 


200,000      DIKKCT      FROM      HOLLAND. 

„Very  Cheap  LIST,   with  inlerestini;   Pamphlet  on  Growins 
Bulbs,  free  on  applicalion.     HYACINTHS,  from  71,  6rf    ,00; 
TULIPS,  from  2!.  ico;  CROCUS,  from  is.  100:   NARCIS- 
SUS, from  2f.  100.     Liberal  Discount  to  Large  Buyers. 
ROBERT  SYDENHAM,  Bristol  Road,  BirminEham. 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   White  and  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Christmas  and  Easter 

Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Earliest  White  Roman  HYACINTHS. 

Per  100.  15!.  ;  per  dozen,  is.  ^rt. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSDS. 

Per  loD,  US.  6J.  :  per  dozen,  is.  g,!. 

CARTERS'  Paper-Wbite  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  lis.  6J.  :  per  dozen,  is.  O'i. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  100    5S,  6<r'   ;  per  dozen,  1;,/. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROP;. 

Per  i(0,  3S.  6,/. 

CARTERS'  Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 

Per  100,  3.S.  ;  per  dozen,  4s.  6,/. 

All  Parcels  Packing  and  Carriage  Free. 


c 

A  R  T  E  R  S 

'       C  0  L  L  E  C 

Tl  ONS, 

SELECTED 

FROM 

THE    ARliVE    iiULBS.- 

A,  pr 

cess  ;  B.  p-ice 

7S,  6rf. ; 

C,  price  i6-. 

Allf^r.arded, 

packi 

>g  (ree,  per  Paic 

els'  Pos 

FOR    Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
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CLEMATIS 

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"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
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Ntfiu  being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.  and  10s.  6  /.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


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Descriptive  CATALOGUE  pon-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


293 


BEAUTIFUL 


FLOWEES 


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->^      pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

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^    SPAWN  -Too  well  known  to  require 

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^^^  (15  e\t  a  per  bushel  for  package),  or 

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kV        None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 

jJL)  aces  and  printed    cultural  directions 

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''  WM       CUTBUSH      AND     SON 

^>^       (Lmted),      Nurserymen    and    Seed 


Merchants.  Hiahc 


N. 


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B.  S,  WILLIAMS' 


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P=r  too-j.     a 
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From  s  to  5^.'  inches  ia  cii 


PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS  ...     lo    o 

From  5  to  6  inches  in  circumference. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS     lo    6 

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EARLY    ORDERS   SOL/CITED. 

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STRAWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 


Strong  Roots,  4s.  per  10 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25^.  pei 

RICHARD  SMITH 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


lants  in  small  poL<:.  i6s  per  ico; 
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PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JamesDicksoh&Sons 

"NEWTON"  NURSERIES  VurcTCD 
108  EASTGATE  SI  JMSiM 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    5,    18S5. 


DR.    VON    KEGEL.* 

"\  1  rE  have  already  briefly  noted  the  cele- 
•  »  bration  of  Dr.  Regel's  seventy-fir;  t 
birthday,  and,  to  fire  the  ambition  of  our 
young  gardeners,  we  now  add  a  few  parti- 
culars of  his  career,  which  commenced  as 
an  apprentice  in  the  ducal  gardens  of  Gotha, 
and  has  culmii^ted  in  the  title  of  E.xcellency, 
and  the  position  of  Director  of  the  Imperial 
Botanic  Garden  of  St.  Petersburg.  Regel's 
father  was  a  Professor  in  the  Gymnasium  or 
College  at  Gotha,  and  garrison  preacher  at 
the  same  time,  but  it  was  not  considered 
beneath  his  son's  station  to  enter  the  ducal  gar- 
dens as  an  ordinary  apprentice,  which  he  did  at 
the  age  of  fifteen.  Here  he  spent  three  years, 
and  during  this  period  he  attended  the  com- 
mercial school  to  improve  his  knowledge  of 
modern  languages,  and  study  the  higher  mathe- 
matics and  arithmetic.  He  very  early  evinced 
a  love  for  gardening  and  botany,  keeping  his 
father's  garden  in  order,  and  taking  lessons  in 
botany  and  entomology  at  the  age  of  thirteen. 
When  he  left  Gotha  for  Goettingen  in  1833,31  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  was  well  acquainted  with  the 
flora  of  Thuringia.  For  two  and  a  half  years  he 
worked  in  the  Goettingen  Botanic  Garden  as  a 
volunteer,  and  attended  the  botanical  lectures, 
and  then  for  a  year  and  a  half  longer  worked 
regularly  in  the  garden,  associated  with  Preiss, 
subsequently  well  known  for  his  botanical 
collections  in  West  Australia.  During  this 
period  it  was  his  mother's  desire  that  he 
should  devote  himself  entirely  to  the  study 
natural  history,  but  Regel  demurred,  fond 
as  he  was  of  it,  preferring  to  pursue  the 
career  he  had  entered  upon  of  a  practical  gar- 
dener, and  devoting  his  leisure  time  to  scientific 
studies.  Here  he  benefited  greatly  from  the 
lectures  of  and  personal  intercourse  with  Bart- 
ling.  From  1837  he  served  as  journeyman 
gardener  in  the  botanic  garden  at  Bonn,  where 
he  had  charge  of  the  hardy  plants  and  seed 
department.  During  the  day  he  worked  prac- 
tically, and  studied  regularly  every  morning 
from  2  till  6  before  beginning  his  daily 
task.  Indeed,  it  is  stated  that  during  his 
stay  at  Goettingen  and  Bonn  he  slept 
on  an  average  only  five  hours  out  of 
the  twenty-four.  On  holidays  and  Sundays  he 
made  botanical  excursions,  often  starting  on 
Saturday  evening,  walking  six  or  eight  hours' 
journey  before  sunrise,  and  then  botanised  all 
day,  and  walked  back  on  Sunday  night,  never 
failing  to  be  at  his  work  at  6  o'clock  on  Monday 
morning.  Of  course,  this  demanded  something 
more  than  perseverance  ;  physical  strength  and 
a  sound  constitution  were  necessary.  At  Bonn 
Regel  formed  an  acquaintance  with  Treviranus, 
Wichura,  Seubert,  and  J.  Schmitz,  and  jointly 
with  the  last  published  a  Flora  Bonneiisis. 

In  1S39  he  proceeded  to  Berlin,  where  he 
remained  in  the  same  position  as  at  Bonn  until 
1842.  Here  the  friendship  of  Klotzsch  and  the 
near  herbarium  were  of  great  assistance.     Link 


*^  E.\tracted  from  z 
Gartitizsituttsr. 


r  by  Dr.  Wittmack  in  the  Berliner 


294 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


and  Kunth,  the  directors  of  the  garden,  troubled 
themselves  little  about  it.  The  herbaceous 
plants,  annual  and  perennial,  had  been  neglected 
for  years,  and  were  in  a  sad  state  of  confusion, 
but  by  dint  of  labouring  from  early  morning  till 
late  in  the  evening  Kegel  reduced  the  collection 
to  excellent  order.  It  was  during  this  period, 
too,  that  he  wrote  his  Haicptmomente  des 
Garte7ibaues  durch  P/tysiologte  begriendet  {"  The 
Principles  of  Horticulture  based  on  Physiology") 
which  appear  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  in  the 
form  of  a  translation  and  preceded  Lindley's 
Theory  of  Horlicultiire.'  Among  life-long 
friendships  here  cemented  were  those  of 
Warscewicz,  H.  Wagner,  and  Dr.  Klotzsch. 

In  February,  1S42,  Kegel  was  appointed  head 
gardener  of  the  Zurich  Botanic  Garden,  which, 
although  beautifully  situated,  was  poor  in  plants, 
and  insignificant  in  every  respect.  The  insti- 
tution derived  its  funds  from  trade  in  plants, 
but  Kegel  found  no  .plants  to  sell— the  first 
year's  income  therefrom  being  only  300  francs, 
against  30,000  francs  in  1S55,  the  year  he  left. 
Through  his  iriend  Warscewicz  he  obtained 
many  fine  novelties  from  Central  America, 
which  he  cultivated  and  described,  and  which 
afforded  him  material  for  exchange  with  Ger- 
man and  Belgian  gardens.  The  Gesnerace:e 
were  his  special  favourites,  and  he  succeeded 
in  raising  a  number  of  beautiful  hybrids. 
Finally  he  founded  a  trade  in  seeds,  and  by 
these  various  means  raised  the  reputation  of  the 
garden,  which  his  successor,  M.  Ortgies,  has 
well  maintained.  During  this  period  Kegel 
did  not  merely  superintend  others,  he  worked 
with  his  own  hands.  Here  his  literary  activity 
may  be  said  to  have  begun.  In  conjunction 
with  Professor  Heer  he  founded,  in  1S43,  the 
Schweizerische  Zcitschrift  fur  Land  iind  Gar- 
tenbau.  Later  the  agricultural  and  horticultural 
parts  were  issued  independently,  and  Kegel 
continued  to  edit  the  latter  until  1852,  when  it 
was  replaced  by  his  well  known  Gartenflora, 
which  he  carried  on  himself  until  last  year.  Of 
his  many  writings  of  this  period  an  article  on 
the  hybrid  origin  of  yEgilops  triticoides  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable,  for  in  this  he  clearly  re- 
futed Lindley's  view  that  .-Egilops  ovata  was  the 
plant  from  which  Wheat  had  descended.  He 
also  demonstrated  that  hybrids  between  distinct 
species  are  not  invariably  sterile.  Before 
he  left  Zurich  the  University  bestowed  on  him 
the  title  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  In  1845  he 
married  a  Swiss  lady,  and  settled  down  as 
it  were  in  his  adopted  country  ;  but  in 
1S55  he  was  offered  the  post  of  Scientific 
Director  of  the  Imperial  Botanic  Garden  of 
St.  Petersburg,  which  he  accepted  though  not 
without  many  regrets  for  the  beautiful  land 
he  was  leaving.  This  post  he  held  until 
1S67,  but  in  consequence  of  the  adminis- 
tration being  in  other  hands,  he  was  unable  to 


'  We  have  reproduced  this  stalement  for  the  purpose  of 
correcting  it.  especially  as  a  fair  inference  therefrom  is  tfiat 
Lindley  may  have  been  indebted  to  Kegel,  It  would  seem  that 
they  worked  quite  independently  of  each  other,  whatever  the 
merits  of  their  respective  theories  ;  for  their  writings  were 
published  so  near  the  same  date  as  to  render  it  improbable  that 
either  was  aware  of  the  e.xistence  of  the  other's  work.  In  the 
first  place,  Lindley's  Theory  of  HorticitUuye  was  published  in 
full  before  any  part  of  Kegels  articles  on  the  same  subject 
appeared  in  the  Berliner  Garteiiseitmtg,  and  this  fact  disposes 
of  the  claim  of  priority  for  Kegel.  This  assertion  is  supported 
by  dates.  The  first  edition  of  Lindley's  _  Theory  of  horti- 
culture appeared  early  in  1840,  so  early,  indeed,  that  it  was 
noticed  in  Loudon's  Gardener's  Magazine  for  February,  1840  ; 
and  the  first  instalment  of  Kegel's  Hau/itinomente  was 
published  in  xhtt  Berliner  Gartenzeitutt^  for  ^l9.nz\v  14,  1840: 
therefore  there  was  just  a  possibility  of  Regel  having  seen 
Lindley's  work  before  sending  his  own  to  press.  _  A  German 
edition  of  Lindley's  book  was  published  at  Vienaa  in  1842.  and 
another,  translated  by  Treviranus,  at  Erlangen,  in  1843. 

It  is  also  an  error  to  say  that  Kegel's  Haiiptmomente 
appeared  in  the  form  of  a  translation  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle; 
indeed  we  can  find  no  mention  of  the  work,  and  it  is  not  likely 
that  it  was  mentioned  because  the  first  volume  of  the  Chronicle 
came  out  the  following  year,  1841.  We  doubt  even  whether  a 
complete  English  translation  of  Kegel's  series  of  articles  exists, 
for,  although  one  was  begun  in  Loudon's  Gardener's  Magazine 
for  October,  1841,  and  continued  from  time  to  time  until  June, 
1842,  it  was  not  continued  after  that  date.  We  have  made  these 
rectifications  in  justice  to  the  memory  of  the  late  Dr.  Lindley, 
without  any  intention  of  casting  a  doubt  on  the  good  faith  of 
Dr.  Wittmack,  and  without  the  wish  to  detract  from  the  merits 
of  Kegel's  work  ;  indeed,  great  credit  is  due  to  him,  then  a 
much  younger  man  than  Lindley,  for  his  perception  of  the  need 
of  scientific  method  in  practical  gardening  and  for  his  attempt 
to  supply  the  want. 


effect  so  much  for  the  establishment  as  he 
wished.  On  the  other  hand,  in  spite  of  all 
difficulties,  he  founded,  with  the  assistance  of 
others,  the  Imperial  Horticultural  Society  of 
St.  Petersburg,  which  has  now  eight  affiliated 
branches  in  distant  parts  of  the  empire.  In 
1 868  Kegel's  intimate  friend,  Trautvetter,  was 
appointed  Practical  Director  of  the  garden, 
and  thenceforward  their  gradual  improvement 
has  proceeded  without  any  check.  Since  1875 
Kegel  has  been  sole  Director,  and  his  eft'orts  for 
the  advancement  of  horticulture  and  botany 
generally  are  so  well  known  as  to  need  no 
further  comment.  The  success  his  exertions 
have  attained  in  Kussia  must  be  highly  gratifying 
to  him,  and  the  splendid  recognition  of  his  ser- 
vices on  his  seventy-first  birthday  prove  how 
much  they  are  appreciated.  He  has  further 
the  satisfaction  of  cultivating  and  describing 
the  numerous  novelties  collected  by  his  son, 
Dr.  Albert  von  Regel,  in  the  most  remote  parts 
of  the  vast  Russian  empire.  Honours  and  dig- 
nities have  been  showered  upon  him  by  the 
Russian,  Prussian,  Italian,  and  Brazilian 
sovereigns,  to  say  nothing  of  the  numerous 
learned  societies  in  Europe  and  other  parts  of 
the  world  ;  and  we  wish  him  many  years  to 
enjoy  them.  He  is  an  instance  of  what  may 
be  effected  by  untiring  industry,  and  such  an 
example  should  stimulate  beginners  to  aim  at 
the  combination  of  theoretical  and  practical 
knowledge  to  the  fullest  attainable  extent,  and 
it  should  stimulate  those  who  have  passed  the 
threshold  not  to  relax  their  efforts,  for  although 
few  become  leaders  in  their  profession,  all  should 
strive  to  do  so,  as  knowledge  is  of  itself  a  reward 
and  consolation. 


euj 


ADIANTUM  MAIRISII,  n.  hyb. 

Fronds  triangular,  quadrlpinnate,  papyraceo-mem- 
branaceous,  dark  green,  somewhat  pale  beneath  ; 
pinn.T:  ovate,  and  as  well  as  the  pinnules  and  pinnu- 
iets  furnished  with  rather  long,  slender  stalks  ;  uUi- 
mate  pinnules  cuneate-trapezoid  ;  those  near  the  base 
of  the  pinna:  smaller,  cuneate,  with  an  irregular  trun- 
cate apex,  those  towards  the  end  of  the  pinnae  larger 
and  more  trapezoid,  with  a  lobate  margin,  the  ter- 
minal one  largest,  with  a  distinctly  cuneate  base,  the 
two  external  edges  unequally  lobed  ;  fertile  pinnules, 
with  the  anterior  and  exterior  sides  lobate  and  sori- 
ferous,  the  edge  cut  out  into  oblong,  concave  sinuses, 
which  gives  a  sort  of  bluntly  cornute  aspect  to  the 
principal  pinnules  ;  sort  linear-oblong,  slightly  curved, 
with  an  open  sinus,  from  J  to  }  inch  long,  the  few 
shorter  ones  oblong- rcniform ;  racbis  ebeneous,  glossy  ; 
caudex  not  seen. 

This  is  a  very  characteristic  and  handsome  Maiden- 
hair Fern,  which  at  first  sight  is  suggestive  of  a  large 
form  of  A.  cuneatum,  but  which  is  soon  seen  to  be 
quite  distinct  therefrom  in  its  cornute  pinnules.  'Were 
it  not  for  its  strongly  marked  cuneate  pinnules,  espe- 
cially all  the  smaller  ones  in  the  central  parts  of  the 
frond,  its  oblong  fructification  would  lead  us  to  think 
of  it  as  belonging  to  the  type  of  A.  Capillus-veneris. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  having,  we  presume, 
been  found  as  an  accidental  seedling  amongst  other 
Ferns  ;  ?ad  if  it  be  so,  as  seems  very  probable,  it 
may  be  a  cross  between  A.  Capillus-veneris  and  A. 
cuneatum.  It  was  sent  by  Messrs.  Mairis  &  Co., 
nurserymen,  of  Weston-in-Gordano,  Bristol,  and  may 
well  bear  their  name,  since  that  of  A.  hybridum, 
which  they  bad  applied  to  it,  is  not  in  these  days 
sufficiently  definite. 

The  largest  specimen  before  us,  a  fully  fructified 
one,  is  about  a  foot  high,  and  S  to  9  inches 
across,  loosely  branched,  the  pinm'e,  pinnules, 
and  pinnulets  having  all  rather  long  and  slender 
stalks,  so  that  the  centre  of  the  frond  is  somewhat 
open.  The  lower  branches  of  the  pinn?s  bear  dis- 
tinctly wedge-shaped  pinnules,  with  the  upper  end 
obliquely  truncate,  and  showing  less  of  the  cornute 
character  than  the  larger  ones  situated  towards  the 
apices  of  the  pinnse  and  frond,  which  measure  \  an 
inch  or  more  along  the  lower  margin,  the  larger  ter- 


minal pinnules  being  often  I  inch  long.  The  sort 
are  much  elongated  in  most  cases,  slightly  curved, 
with  the  concave  side  outwards,  so  that  the  two  ends 
project  like  short  blunt  horns  from  the  margin.  The 
recurrence  of  this  character  in  a  prominent  degree 
throughout  the  fronds,  gives  to  the  variety  its  most 
distinctive  peculiarity.  We  regard  it  as  one  of  the  best 
iof  the  ornamental  group  of  Maidenhairs,  and  presume 
t  requires  the  treatment,    T.  Moore. 

Dendrobium  Ciiristvanu.m,  Rchh.f. 
I  was  much  pleased  to  get  a  fine  specimen  of  this, 
full  of  leaves,  from  Mr.  A.  H.  Smee,  from  The 
Grange,  Carshalton,  Surrey.  The  leaves  are  rather 
thick,  the  longest  exceed  two  inches  in  length,  not 
surpassing  much  half  an  inch  in  breadth.  They  aie 
cuneate,  oblong,  ligulate,  neatly  covered  with  hairs, 
which  are  very  conspicuous  on  the  pallid  inferior  side. 
Their  top  is  unequal,  one  side  prolonged  into  a  blunt 
tooth,  the  other  shorter,  abrupt.  The  lamelloid  three 
ridges  on  the  lip  are  red  in  the  centre,  orange  at  the 
base  and  apex,  while  they  were  totally  red  in  Mr. 
Christy's  original  plant.  H.  G.  Rchb,  f. 


ORCHIDS    FOR    AMATEURS. 

{Coniinuid from  p.    266.) 

Both  Cattleya  and  Laelia  belong  to  the  great  divi- 
sion of  the  Orchid  family  known  to  botanists  as  the 
Epidendrece — "Growers  upon  trees."  These  plants 
are  so  named  from  their  epiphytic  habit,  but  the  divi- 
sion by  no  means  contains  the  moiety  of  Orchids 
which  grow  upon  the  branches  of  trees.  Those  of 
the  other  group — the  Vandex'— are  equally  epiphytic. 
The  botanical  characters  distinctive  of  the  Epidendrae 
are  the  following  : — 

The  anther — that  is,  the  cavity  which  contains  the 
poliinia — is  at  the  apex  of  the  column  ;  the  pollen 
masses  are  waxy,  four  or  eight,  rarely  two  in  num- 
ber ;  and  the  caudicles  to  which  they  are  attached 
are  not  united  to  a  viscid  disc-like  glandular  structure 
which  separates  with  them,  as  they  are  in  the  Vandece. 
It  needs  some  little  practice  and  care  to  distinguish 
between  the  Epidendrea;  and  Vandese,  and  the  com- 
parison of  the  flowers  of  the  two  groups  should  be 
carefully  made  with  reference  to  the  structure  of 
the  poUinia,  so  that  the  Orchidologist  may  learn  to 
distinguish  between  them. 

The  type  genus  of  the  Epidcndrere,  Epidendrum,  is 
a  very  large  one  ;  over  400  species  have  been  described, 
all  from  Tropical  and  Subtropical  America,  the 
northern  limit  being  Texas,  and  the  greater  number 
flourish  on  lofty  mountains. 

The  majority  of  these  plants,  though  very  fragrant, 
have  small  green,  or  unattractive  flowers,  so  that  they 
are  not  often  cultivated,  but  a  few  are  exceptionally 
beautiful,  and  are  eagerly  sought  for  by  collectors  and 
growers.  These  plants  fall  into  five  very  distinct 
sections,  which,  but  for  the  botanical  characters  of 
their  tlowers,  might  well  form  as  many  distinct 
genera.     They  are — 

1.  The  Nemorale  section,  distinguished  by  their 
ovate  pseudobulbs. 

2.  The  Aurantiacum  section,  which  have  bulbs 
resembling  those  of  a  Cattleya. 

3.  The  Bicornutum  section,  with  cylindrical  jointed 
pseudobulbs,  resembling  those  of  the  thick*bulbed 
Dendrobiums. 

4.  The  Barkeria  section,  usually  regarded  as  a 
distinct  genus  by  horticulturists.  These  have  thin 
cylindrical  pseudobulbs,  each  new  bulb  growing  from 
a  joint  of  that  of  the  precedmg  year  instead  of  from 
a  rhizome. 

5.  The  Radicans  section — plants  without  pseudo- 
bulbs, having  the  habit  of  a  Vanilla,  or  a  long 
straggling  Vanda,  with  a  thick  jointed  stem  clothed 
with  a  double  row  of  alternate  fleshy  leaves. 

I.  The  Nemorale  Section. 

Epidendrum  nemoraU  ma/us,  a  native  of  Mexico, 
with  large  flask-shaped  pseudobulbs  2  or  3  inches  in 
diameter,  each  with  two  pale  green,  strap-shaped 
leaves  on  its  summit.  The  flowers  form  a  panicle 
which  springs  from  the  top  of  the  pseudobulb.  The 
inflorescence  is  often  3  feet  long,  with  from  twenty 
to  fifty  flower?,  each  flower  4  or  5  inches  in  diameter. 
The  flowers  are  pale  mauve,  with  the  apex  of  the 
column  and  three  lines  at  the  base  of  the  lip  of  a 
darker  tint.  The  petals  and  sepals  are  narrow  and 
pointed  (lanceolate),  and  the  blade  of  the  labellum  is 
very  broad,  and  folded  fanwise.     The  main  peduncle 


September  J,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


295 


of  this  beautiful  species  is  covered  with  little  asperi- 
ties, which  are  a  very  good  guide  in  choosing  the 
bulbs,  as  these  are  so  similar  to  many  other  species 
with  flowers  of  no  great  beauty,  that  even  the  best 
judges  are  often  deceived  in  buying  imported  plants. 

Cultivation. 
This  plant  flowers  in  June  or  July,  and  should  be 
kept  at  rest  and  cool  for  four  or  five  weeks  after 
flowering.  As  the  rest  is  needed  in  the  hottest  months 
of  summer  this  can  only  be  insured  by  withholding 
water,  but  the  bulbs  must  not  be  allowed  to  shrivel. 
Growth,  when  once  it  commences,  continues  through 
the  winter,  and  the  plants  should  be  placed  in  the 
lightest  and  most  airy  part  of  the  Mexican-house.  As 
water  must  be  supplied  stagnant  air  is  most  hurtful. 
In  spring,  when  the  flower-shoots  appear,  the  plants 
should  be  removed  to  the  Cattleya-house  until  the 
flowers  are  expanded,  otherwise  these  will  not  be 
fully  developed.  Unlike  most  Orchids,  this  species 
only  requires  a  very  short  rest.  It  has  been  con- 
founded with  Epidendrum  verrucosuro,  a  plant  of 
little  or  no  horticultural  interest, 

Epidendrum  prismatocarpum.  —  A  plant  with 
ovate  somewhat  compressed  pseudobulbs,  each  bulb 
with  a  long  narrow  neck,  so  that  it  may  be  well 
described  as  flask-shaped,  bearing  ^two  bright  green 
leaves.  The  flowering  stem  arises  from  the  top  of  the 
bulb,  as  it  does  in  nearly  all  Epidendrums,  provided 
with  balbs,  and  bears  from  eighteen  to  twenty  flowers 
in  a  panicle;  flowers  \\  inch  in  diameter,  sepals  of 
a  pale  green  or  cream  colour  spotted  with  large  black 
spots,  lateral  petals  of  the  same  colour  as  the  sepals,  but 
without  spots  ;  labellum  three-lobed,  terminal  lobe 
rose-coloured  and  broad.  This  plant  is  very  rare  ; 
it  is  a  native  of  the  mountainous  regions  of  Central 
America,  and  was.originally  imported  from  Panama. 

Cultivation. 
This  plant  requires  the  same  treatment  as  the  last, 
and  I  may  here  remark  that  good  dramage,  so  essential 
to  all  Orchids,  is.  if  possible,  even  more  essential  to 
the  well-being  of  the  Epidendrums,  which  must  be 
ktpt  growing  through  the  winier.  The  plant  is  so 
named  from  the  prismatic  form  of  the  seed-pod, 

E.  Brassavola  has  the  habit  and  appearance  of  the 
last  species,  but  the  flowers  have  some  resemblance  to 
those  of  a  Brassavola,  hence  the  name.  They  are 
4  inches  in  diamefer,  and  a  number  are  borne  on  a 
laLciae.  They  ate  very  pcrbiatent,  lasting  some 
weeks.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a  rich  yellowish- 
brown,  but  the  labellum  is  white  and  mauve.  It 
flowers  in  spring,  and  is  fragrant  in  the  evening. 
It  should  be  grows  in  the  Mexican  house. 

E.  vitellinmn. — From  the  lofty  mountains  of  Mexico. 
This  plant  flourishes  at  an  elevation  of  from  3000  to 
6000  feet,  amongst  Lichens,  Dog  Roses,  and  Straw- 
berries, facts  which  sufficiently  indicate  cool  treat- 
ment, without  which  its  cultivation  cannot  be  suc- 
cessful. The  pseudobulbs  are  almost  spherical,  and 
about  the  size  of  a  pigeon's  egg.  They  are  surrounded 
by  brown  scales,  and  are  surmounted  by  two  glaucous 
green  ligulate,  or  strap-shaped  leaves.  The  inflor- 
escence is  racemose,  each  raceme  consisting  of  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  flowers.  These  are  of  a  bright 
orange-yellow  colour,  with  a  small  yellow  labellum. 
The  petals  and  sepals  are  arranged  in  the  form  of  a 
fan.  It  is  best  grown  in  the  Odontoglossum-house, 
or  a  cool  greenhouse,  where  the  summer  maximum 
temperature  never  exceeds  75°,  and  the  winter  mini- 
mum is  never  less  than  45°.  The  variety  called  fnajus 
differs  only  in  the  size  of  the  flowers,  and  in  having 
broader  sepals  and  petals,  which  overlap  each  other. 

E.  phivniicntn. — A  very  beautiful  species  with  large 
ovoid  pseudobulbs  not  unlike  those  of  E.  nemorale. 
The  flowers  form  a  large  branching  panicle,  and  the 
flowering  stem  is  from  2  to  3  feet  long,  and  bears 
twenty  or  more  flowers  of  a  deep  purple  colour  and 
fleshy  texture.  The  flowers  are  2  inches  in  diameter. 
The  lip  is  three-lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  square  and 
directed  forward,  so  that  they  are  nearly  parallel  with 
each  other.  The  central  lobe  is  rounded  and  lolded 
like  a  fan.  This  plant  requires  the  temperature  of 
the  East  Indian-house  to  bring  it  to  perfection.  It  is 
a  native  of  Cuba.  It  is  not  generally  fragrant,  but  a 
variety, 

E.  phanicetwi  vaniilosuin,  has  the  perfume  of 
Vanilla.  The  petals  and  sepals  are  edged  with  yellow, 
and  the  labellum  is  white.  It  is  imported  from  the 
Antilles. 

E.    atropurpureum^    also    called    erroneously   E. 


macrochilum. — This  plant  was  discovered  by  Hum- 
boldt and  Bonpland  in  Venezuela,  but  it  is  also  a 
native  of  Panama,  Guatemala,  and  Columbia,  The 
pseudobulbs  are  large,  and  somewhat  pyriform, 
measuring  2^  inches  in  diameter.  When  young  they 
are  smooth  and  dark  green,  but  the  old  bulbs  are 
paler,  and  rough  ;  each  has  two  or  three  broad  strap- 
shaped  leaves.  The  flowers  are  very  large,  nearly 
3  inches  across,  sessile  on  the  peduncle.  The  petals 
and  sepals  are  green,  deeply  blotched,  and  shaded 
with  a  rich  chocolate-brown.  The  labellum  is  three- 
lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  embracing  the  column.  The 
terminal  lobe  is  white,  with  a  deep  cnmsonspot  at  its 
base.  A  variety  is  described  in  which  the  ground  tint 
of  the  labellum  is  rose.  This  species  requires  the 
temperature'  of  the  Cattleya-house. 

E.  amhi^^iiutn.—X  native  of  Guatemala,  This 
plant  has  small  ovoid  pseudobulbs,  strongly  ridged 
when  mature,  with  three  or  four  narrow  strap-shaped 
leaves.  The  flowers  are  \\  inch  in  diameter,  star- 
shaped,  with  narrow  pointed  sepals  and  petals  of  a 
very  pale  green  colour — "  eau  de  Nil."  The  labellum 
is  very  broad,  strongly  plicated,  like  a  fan,  white, 
with  fine  rays  of  deep  violet  and  crimson.  The 
inflorescence  is  a  branched  panicle,  composed  of 
twenty  or  thirty  flowers.  It  flowers  in  June  or  July, 
and  requires  an  intermediate  temperature.  It  should 
be  grown  in  the  Mexican-house.  The  flowers  last 
several  weeks. 

[To  he  coniinued.) 


ASHTON    COURT.   BRISTOL. 

In  connection  with  the  extensive  internal  altera- 
tions in  the  maijsion  here,  that  have  been  completed 
during  the  present  summer,  is  the  construction  of  a 
winter  garden,  or  more  correctly  speaking  the  con- 
version of  what  was  originally  the  clock  tower  court 
into  a  structure  of  this  description.  Before  attempting 
to  describe  this  new  gla^s-covered  garden,  it  may  be 
well  to  say  a  word  abtiut  ihe  approach  leading  to  it 
from  without.  The  entrance  is  by  the  centra!  door 
on  the  sou'h  front  o*  the  hnilding,  and  leads  from  the 
terrace  which  overlooks  the  flower  garden. 

Here  a  large  massive  door  of  carved  oak  gives 
ingress  to  ihe  hall,  which  is  situated  immediately 
under  the  clock  tower. 

The  old  ceiling  to  this  hall  has  been  replaced  by  a 
beautiful  groined  roof,  exquisitely  traced  ;  the  arms 
of  the  family  forming  nn  ap[)rf)i.ii  late  decoraticm  in  it. 
Thib  hall  admits  to  the  wmte.^  ^^arden,  the  roof  of 
which,  being  constructed  of  iron  of  ornamental 
character,  and  roughened  plate  glass,  gives  a  pleasing 
diffused  light,  sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  plants 
intended  to  be  grown  in  it.  The  fluor  is  tesselated, 
and  is  laid  with  sufficient  fall  each  way  from  the 
centre  to  cause  the  water — a  liberal  use  of  which  is 
indispensable  where  plants  are  to  be  kept  in  health — 
to  run  readily  off.  The  internal  arrangement  con- 
sists of  an  open  central  space,  with  beds  around  abut- 
ting on  the  walls  ;  these  beds  are  irregular  in  size  and 
outline,  the  margins  being  curved  in  some  places,  and 
acutely  angular  in  others. 

At  the  eastern  end,  opposite  to  the  principal  door- 
way leading  to  the  rooms  at  the  western  end  of  the 
Court,  a  piece  of  water  has  been  introduced  ;  this 
also  is  irregular  in  shape  ;  at  the  back  of  it,  and  in 
other  places,  a  little  rockwork,  composed  of  well- 
chosen  rugged  stones,  has  been  pruned  with  good 
effects.  Pockets  for  Ferns  and  other  suitable  plants 
have  been  made  here  and  there  against  the  walls,  and 
at  other  points  where  green  drapery  was  required.  In 
the  selection  of  the  plants,  and  in  their  disposal,  Mr. 
Bethell  has  been  very  successful.  I  have  known 
him  as  an  adept  at  this  kind  of  work  before,  having 
previously  seen  what  he  could  accomplish  in  this  line, 
but  have  never  seen  anything  of  the  sort  more  effec- 
tive than  the  arrangement  here,  although  the  time 
available  for  arranging  the  whole  was  limited  to  some 
two  or  three  days.  Tall  Palms,Tree  Ferns,  Araucarias, 
Dracaenas,  Dasylirions,  and  other  plants  with  hand- 
some foliage  form  the  leading  feature  in  giving  a 
tropical  appearance  to  the  place.  The  filling  in  is 
composed  of  small  Palms,  Ferns,  Lycopodiums,  As- 
paragus plumosus,  Imantophyllums,  and  such  flower- 
ing plants  as  are  in  season.  The  rustic  stonework, 
and  also  the  outer  edges  of  the  beds,  are  draped  with 
trailing  plants,  the  margins  of  the  miniature  pond 
being  alike  clothed  with  suitable  things.  The  walls 
have  been  draped  with  climbing  and  hanging  plants, 
as  also  the  roof,  from  which  a  number,  of  baskets 
depend,  filled  with  Achimenes,  drooping  Ferns,  and 


plants  of  like  character,  collectively,  giving  the  whole 
a  finished  appearance,  such  as  might  only  have  been 
looked  for  after  a  much  longer  period  had  elapsed 
from  the  time  when  the  builder  had  completed  bis 
work.  This  garden,  as  well  as  the  hall  adjoining,  is 
lighted  by  electricity,  some  twenty-four  burners  being 
used. 

Amongst  the  different  houses  filled  with  plants  in 
beautiful  condition,  the  conservatory  is  especially 
worthy  of  notice.  In  it  are  a  host  of  flowering  and 
fine-leaved  subjects,  with  climbers  overhead  including 
Bougainvillea  glabra,  which  to  be  seen  at  its  best 
must,  as  here,  have  plenty  of  head  room.  On  the 
back  wall  there  is  an  immense  example  of  Cassia 
corymbosa,  occupying  a  large  space  and  covered  with 
hundreds  of  its  bright  yellow  corymbs  of  flowers.  Few 
summer  bloomers  make  so  telling  a  display  as  this 
fine  old  plant  when  seen  as  it  is  here. 

Orchids, 

both  cool  and  warm  species,  are  making  free  growth. 
Amongst  summer  flowering  kinds  there  is  a  plant  of 
Saccolabium  lilumei,  with  eight  spikes  of  bloom  on  a 
single  growth,  presenting  collectively  such  an  amount 
of  flowers  as  are  rarely  met  with. 

Indoor  Fruits. 

Amongst  these  still  remaining  the  crop  of  late 
Peaches  is  very  good,  the  fruit  abundant,  and  highly 
coloured.  In  the  houses  occupied  by  Muscats  and 
late  Black  Grapes  there  ate  good  crops  that  give 
promise  of  hni.shing  up  well.  Mrs.  Pince  is  parti- 
cularly fine,  carrying  handsome  bunches  of  full-sized 
berries  well  up  in  colour. 

The  Gardens. 

The  extensive  flower  garden  was  in  splendid  order  ; 
the  arrangement  differs  from  that  usually  met  with, 
inasmuch  as  there  are  large  clumps  of  evergreen 
shruiis  and  single  specimens  interspersed  freely 
throiigh  ihec-'irden.  There  is  also  less  formality  in 
the  fo;m  i.f  ttie  beds,  varying,  as  they  do.  much  more 
in  .--zi  ;iri  i  general  appearance  than  where  a  isirictly 
germc'-iu:a!  arrangement  exists.  The  planting  has 
been  well  done  in  the  different  styles  of  mixed  beds  of 
flowering  subjects,  whilst  in  others  ihe  occupants 
consist  of  a  single  colour,  edged  in  the  usual 
way  with  something  difF:;rent.  Others  again  are 
planted  carpet  fashion  ;  these  also  are  very  effective, 
with  the  soft,  delicate  tints  predominating  over  the 
brighter  colours.    T,  B. 


THE   APPLE    CROP    IN    NOVA 
SCOTIA. 

The  principal  orchards  whence  a  supply  is  obtained 
for  the  English  market  are  in  Annapolis  and  King*s 
Counties,  and  from  them  the  following  notes  have 
been  received. 

Annapolis  County. 
Mr.  W.  V.  Vroom,  Clementsport,  reports  "almost 
a  failure,"  Nonpareils,  Baldwins,  and  Bishop  Pippins 
yielding  "almost  nothing." 

Mr.  A.  B.  Parker,  South  Farmington,  reports  crop 
below  an  average  even  for  a  short  year. 

Colonel  Starratt,  Paradise,  confirms  his  previous 
report,  that  the  crop  will  be  under  average,  but  that 
quality  never  showed  better  at  this  season  of  the 
year,  the  fruit  being  of  good  size  and  free  from 
blemishes.  A  wind  storm  on  August  4  and  5  caused 
damage  in  some  localities. 

Mr.  Albert  Beckwith,  Nictaux,  reports  Nonpareils 
almost  an  entire  failure  ;  Baldwins  and  other  winter 
sorts  will  give  a  very  small  crop  ;  some  Gravenstein 
orchards  are  pretty  well  filled,  but  the  crop  will  not 
be  half  that  of  last  year.  Taking  all  kinds  there  will 
not  be  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  crop. 

The  Hon.  George  Whitman,  Round  Hill,  reports  not 
more  than  half  a  crop.  The  quantity  grown  in  the 
county  last  year  was  estimated  at  200,000  barrels  ; 
this  season's  crop  will  not  be  half  that  quantity.  The 
trees  are  making  good  growth,  and  look  healthy, 

Mr.  L.  W.  Elliott,  Clarence,  reports  under  aver- 
age. Orchards  in  grass  not  well  mulched  have  a 
light  crop  ;  those  under  cultivation  either  very  well 
filled,  or  making  a  good  growth.  Baldwins,  that 
did  not  bear  last  year,  will  give  a  fair  crop.  Bishop 
Pippins  look  well,  large  and  smooth,  free  from  spots 
(this  variety  had  become  so  poor  of  late  years  as  to 
lose  caste  in  the  market)  ;  Nonpareils  very  light. 
Quinces  were  very  much  injured  by  the  cold  winter. 

King's  County. 
Mr.  R.  W.  Starr,  Starr's  Point,  reports,  as  before 


296 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


ISeptembek  5,  1885. 


that  the  crop  will  prove  nearly  up  to  the  average  in      land,    besides   the   small-leaved   A.  excelsa   and    A. 

ouantilv   and    iudcine  from  present  appearances,  the      Cunninghamii  ;  so  she  approached  her  task  with  all  ,  ,,  _ 

quality  will  brmuch  better  than   last  year,   as  the      the  advantages  of  a  critical  knowledge  of  her  subject.       flowered_,n^h_e_open  _^^V°j\^,^^';^'j,^™,^;;:^°^,';';;„^',=; 


not  specifically  different   from  P.  ccerulea  (Miers,  in 
Bot.   Rts-,  1840,  t.    II);  it    is   a  superb  plant,  and 


in  ninniiiv      Plums  a  complete  lailure.  in   1790    oy   rtrcnioaia  raenzies,    wuu    aci;uii.t<au.,.i.  >"v.  >.„.«„.   „.    ...^  ..„ -   —-   -   -  "  - 

Mr   Henry  T    Chute    Elm  Farm,  Somerset,  reports      Vancouver   on   his    voyage   round    the   world;     and  yellow.     Miss  Norths   picture  represents  'he  whole 

below  average;  Baldwin's   short,    as  it  is   not  their      one    of   them    still    survives     at     Kew,    though    it  inBorescence    of    the    Puya   natural    sue.    and    the 
bearing  year  ;  Ribston  Pippins  looking  fair,  and  most      has     lost    its    lower    branches,    and    is    not    in    a 
olher   sorts   as    well   as   could   be  expected  after  the      vigorous    condition.      In    favourable     situations    in 

this  country,  as  is  well  known,  it  retains  its  branches 


heavy  crops  of  last  year. 

Mr.  C.  F.  Eaton,  Lower  Canard,  confirms  his  pre- 
vious report,  that  there  will  not  be  an  average  crop, 
although  some  orchards  look  well. 

In  other  counties  of  Nova  Scotia,  Apples  are  grown 
chiefly  for  home  consumption.  G.  I.awson,  Secretary, 
Asricullu7-al  Department. 


plant  is  shown  growing  in  several  of  the  views.  In  the 
dry  region,  visited  and  painted  by  Miss  North,  various 
Cacti   abound,  and  are  very  conspicuous,  notably   a 


from  the  ground  upwards  to  a  height  of  60  feet  and      Cereus  (probably  C.  quisco),  and  the  common  Opuntia 


more  ;  but  in  its  native  country,  as  Miss  North's 
pictures  show,  the  branches  successively  die  upwards, 
and  the  artist  describes  the  Chilian  Araucaria  forests 
in  the  following  words  : — "  Soon  after  reaching  the 
first  Araucarias  we  found  ourselves  surrounded  by 
them  and  all  other  trees  gave  way  to  them,   though 


(Cereus  quisco)  is  related  to  the  (in  Europe)  more 
familiar  C.  peruvianus,  and  is,  according  to  Gay,  of 
magnificent  aspect,  and  the  commonest  in  Chili, 
growing  as  much  as  20  feet  high. 

Another  conspicuous  plant  in  the  Chilian  paintings 
is  Emhothrium  coccineum,  which  was  in  its  full 
beauty   at   the    time   of   Miss   North's     visit.      The 


THE  MARIANNE  NORTH 
GALLERY  AT  KEW. 
This  grand  collection  of  paintings  of  "plants  and 
(heir  homes  "  is  now  very  widely  known  and  appre- 
ciated, yet  doubtless  there  are  still  many  persons 
visiting  Kew  Gardens  who  are  unaware  of  its  exist- 
ence.     From    time   to    time   notices  of  the  pictures 


the  ground  was  still  gay  with  purple  Peas  and  orange  Acacia  (or  Prosopis  ?),  and  bird's  nest  referred  to  in  the 

Orchids,  and  many  tiny  flowers  whose  name  I  did  not  letter  cited  above,  is  one  of  the  artist's  characteristic 

know,    and   which    I    had   not   time  to  paint-such  picturesof  birds  and  flowers.     Among  many  unknown 

'       ,  .,,,-,  3-       >        »r         i,-ii  forms  eardeners  and  amaeurs  wil  recognise  such  old 

flowers  when  picked  die  almost  directly.     Many  hills  J^^^^g'/f s.hLnthus,  Loasa,  Fabiana,  Trop^olum, 

and  the  valleys  between  were  covered  with  old  trees,  Tacsonia,   and    Eccremocarpus.     But    this  notice   is 


covering  some  miles  of  space,  and  there  are  few  speci 
mens  to  be  found  outside  of  their  forest.  I  saw  none 
over  100  feet  high  or  20  feet  in  circumference,  and, 
strange    to   say,    they   seemed   all   very  old    or  very 


ence.      rruuiuu...    ..„..„.,..-..„.    „.r-.-""  j  ^^^^    ^j    ,^^3^    noble   specimens 

have   appeared    in    these  columns;  and  it   is  worth  J""  &  .         _     r     r  i,         1      ...;ti, 

appca  =  '  v„v.A  of  middle  age  we  have  m  some  English  parks  with 

repeat  ne.  if  on  V  to  show  what  can  be  accomplished  ,    .     ,         \         ,  ..  ..  j      ti, 

icpciimg,       ^u,,  i-j  r  ,  n„p,  branches  reslinp  on  the  pround.     Thev 


where  there  is  a  will,  that  they  are  the  work  of  one 
person— Miss  Marianne  North,  who  presented  the 
building  and  all  its  beautiful  contents  to  the  public. 
The  gallery  is  free  to  all,  as  everything  else  is  in  Kew 
Gardens,  and  open  from  I  till  6,  or  dusk  in  winter. 
It  was  thrown  open  three  years  ago  last  June  (see 
GirrJeners  Chronicle,  n.s.,  xvii.,  1SS2,  p.  763),  when 
there  were  upwards  of  600  pictures  representing  nearly 
1000  of  the  most  beautiful  and  singular  forms  of  plant 
life  in  the  most  remote  and  diverse  parts  of 
the  globe.  There  were  pictures  enough  indeed  to 
fill  the  gallery,  but  the  painter  did  not  intend 
ceasing  to  wield  her  deft  brush  for  the  pleasure  and 
instruction  of  those  of  her  less  fortunate  fellow  crea- 


their  lower  branches  resting  on  the  ground.  They 
had  not  become  flat-topped  like  those  in  Brazil,  but 
were  slightly  domed,  like  those  of  Queensland,  and 
their  shiny  leaves  glittered  in  the  sunshine,  while 
their  trunks  and  branches  were  hung  with  white 
lichen,  and  the  latter  weighed  down  with  cones  as 
big  as  one's  head.  The  smaller  cones  of  the  male 
trees  were  shaking  oflf  clouds  of  golden  pollen,  and 
were  full  of  small  grubs,  which,  I  suppose,  attracted 
the  flights  of  parroquets  I  saw  so  busily  employed 
about  them.  These  birds  are  said  to  be  so  clever 
that  they  can  find  a  soft  place  in  the  great  shells  of 
the  cone  when  ripe,  into  which  they  get  the  point  of 
their  sharp  beak,  and  fidget  it  until  the  whole  cracks, 


already  long  enough,  and  readers,  who  can,  are  again 
advised  to  go  and  see  the  pictures.  They  are  imme- 
diately to  the  left  on  entering,  where  the  Teneriffe  ones 
were  first  placed,  and  near  to  the  Brazilian.  The  present 
edition  of  the  catalogue  does  not  contain  descriptions 
of  the  South  African,  Seychelles  and  Chilian  pictures  ; 
but  this  want  is  in  a  measure  supplied  by  written 
names  and  notes  on  cards  below  them.  W,  B, 
Hemsley. 

COMMON    GARDEN    INSECTS. 

The  grass  at  our  feet  is  the  abode  of  countless 
numbers  of  insects.  The  roots  often  pierce  the  roof 
of  underground  habitations,  and  many  a  stalk  is  cut 
down  by  eager  little  teeth  to  make  way  for  the 
opening  of  subterranean  passages  leading  to  insect- 
dwellings.  No  better  example  of  this  numerous 
grass-life  could  be  given  than  that  of  the  tribe  of 
Trees,  especially  the  Oak— which   it 


grasshoppers, 
instruction  01  luosc  ui  uci   i<:»»  .u.iu^a.s  .^.w™   ^..--  ,  ,,   ,      .v  j      t.  •        t    a  ,v.„      has  been  calculated  gives  support  to  no  less  than  200 

tu^es   who   are  unable    to  visit  distant   shores  ;  and       ^"^  the  nuts  fall  to  the  ground.     It  is  a  food  they      ^.^^._^^^  ^^^^.^^  ^,   insects-are  much  frequented  by 


accordingly  a  new  wing  was  at  once  planned  and 
built  for  the  reception  of  the  results  of  other  dis- 
tant journeys.  First  came  a  splendid  addition 
from  South  Africa  (see  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
n.s.,  XX.,  18S3,  p.  564),  followed  by  the  rare  and 
elegant  Palms  and  other  plants  of  the  fast  disappear- 
ing native  flora  of  the  remote  Seychelle  Islands  ;  and 
this  year  have  been  added  many  of  the  glories  of  the 
vegetation  of  extra-tropical  western  South  America. 
Both  the  original  gallery  and  the  new  wing  are  now 
full  to  overflowing,  the  walls  being  actually  covered 
from  dado  to  cornice.  Familiar  and  unfamiliar 
flowers  and  fruits  are  there  from  almost  every 
clime,  often  associated  with  dull  or  brilliantly 
coloured  birds,  or  butterflies,  or  curious  insects, 
or  mammals,  or  reptiles.  There  may  be  seen  more 
or  less  numerous  examples  of  the  vegetable  and 
animal,  and  sometimes  of  the  human  life,  of  Teneriffe, 
of  South  Africa,  the  Seychelles,  Ceylon,  and  India 
(from  Bombay  and  Calcutta  to  the  slopes  of  the 
towering  Himalayas),  of  Java,    Borneo,  and  Japan 


delight  in,  and  men  too,  when  properly  cooked,  like 
chestnuts.  The  most  remarkable  thing  about  the 
trees  was  the  bark,  which  was  a  perfect  child's  puzzle 
of  knobby  slabs  of  different  sizes,  with  five  or  six 
decided  sides  to  each,  and  all  fitted  together  with  the 
neatness  of  a  honeycomb.  I  tried  in  vain  to  find 
some  system  on  which  it  was  arranged." 


this  class  of  insect,  as  a  type  of  which  we  give  the 
large  species  (Acrida  viridissima),  shown  in  fig.  62, 
amongst  the  grass  at  the  foot  of  the  Oak.  The  loud 
buzz  emitted  by  this  insect  is  caused,  as  in  crickets, 
by  the  friction  of  the  bases  of  the  elytra  or  wing- 
cases.  They  sing  during  the  months  of  July  and 
August,  and  a  portion  of  September,  especially  in  the 


This  bark  is,   indeed,   truly  wonderful,   and    very  evening  ;   the  males  only  sing,  the  females  produce 

effective  it  must  be  in  Nature.     Gay  {Flora  Chilena,  ^^  sound.     It   is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  Grass- 

v.,  p.  415)  describes  it  as  being  built  up  of  polygons  hopper     Lark,     which     feeds     upon     these    insects, 

of  various  sizes,  like  a  piece  of  mosaic  work.  tm\\.%  a  similar  noise.      When    multiplied  by  thou- 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  object  in  the  Chilian  sands  of  individual  insects,  the  song  of  the  grass- 
paintings  is  the  colossal  Bromeliacea,  a  species  of  hopper  merges  into  a  loud  and  continuous  murmur. 
Puya,  the  name  of  which  is  a  little  uncertain,  because  It  is  a  pretty  insect,  of  yellow-green  colour  of  variable 
several  names  have  been  proposed  for  what  in  all  pro-  depth  of  shade  which  harmonises  so  well  with  the 
bability  are  differently  coloured  varieties  of  the  same  leaves  that  it  is  frequently  a  difficult  matter  to  discover 
species.  Miss  North's  own  description  of  the  speci-  the  singer  ;  moreover,  the  slightest  alarm  given  to 
men  she  painted  (reproduced  from  Cura'irKsri'C/iriJKiV/if',  the  insect  in  the  way  of  moving  a  neighbouring  leaf, 
n.s.,  xxiii.,  18S5,  p.  78)  conveys  a  good  idea  of  the  as-  &c.,  is  sufficient  to  cause  its  instant  silence.  When 
pect  of  this  noble  plant,  which  is  hardy  in  favourable  walking  in  the  vicinity  of  grasshoppers  those  imme- 
situations   in  this    country : — "  The    flower-spike    is  diately   around    cease    to  chirp,    and  their  ears,    or 


of  East,  West,  and  South  Australia,  of  Tasmania  and      over  a  yard    long,    its  stalk  6   feet.       It    has  sixty      rather  organs  of  hearing,   seem  to  be  no  less  acute 


New  Zealand,  of  Chili,  Brazil,  and  the  West  Indies, 
and  finally,  of  California  and  eastern  North  America. 
What  wealth  of  form  and  colour  !  Everybody  should 
go  to  see  them,  especially  every  gardener,  for  there 
may  be  seen  pourtrayed  many  magnificent  plants 
vhich,  from  various  causes,  cannot  develope  their  lull 


spikes,  arranged  screw-fashion,  round  its  stalk,  each  and  sensitive  than  are  the  wonderfully  sharp  eyes  of 
about  a  foot  long,  and  round  these  are  rosettes  of  butterflies.  The  leaping  power  of  the  grasshopper  is 
flowers,  and  some  score  of  buds  of  the  tenderest  green  surprisingly  great  ;  we  had  the  curiosity  to  measure 
or  lemon  colour.  The  great  heads,  before  the  flowers  accurately  the  leap  of  a  grasshopper  measuring  three- 
come  out,  are  wrapped  up  in  covers  of  white  kid  quarters  of  an  inch  from  bead  to  tip  of  folded  wings 
tinted  w-  h  salmon,  getting  darker  as  they  fall   aside  or  elytra.     We  found  that  this  insect  sprang  at  one 


beauty  in  this  country,  even  under  the   most  careful      and  the   lemon  buds  push  themselves  out,  and  the  bound  on  level  ground  a  distance  of  4  feet  5  inches, 

first  flowers  which  open  round  the  base  of  the  spikes  or  over  seventy  times  its  own  length.    Another  insect, 

near  the  stalk  are  of  the  purest   turquoise-blue  ;  the  however,  must  have  immensely  greater  leaping  power 

new  rosette  which  replaces  them  is  darker,  metallic  than  this— though  we  have  never  actually  used  the 


and  skilful  treatment. 

The  last  addition,  which  is  from  Chili,  is  parti- 
cularly interesting,  alike  for  the  paintings  of  well- 
known  trees,  and  shrubs,  and  herbs,  in  their  homes, 
and  of  almost  unknown  plants  of  great  beauty.  As 
Miss  North  says  herself  (Pall  Mall  Gazette,  March  II, 
1885),  her  chief  object  in  going  to  Chili  was  to  see 
and  paint  the  old  forests  of  Araucaria  imbricata, 
"known  io  England  as  the  Puzzle-monkey  tree, 
rather  unre»sx.nably,  as  there  are  no  monkeys  here  to 
puzzle  ;  probably  they  crossed  the  Cordilleras  in  dis- 
gust at  the  ge-T.ral  prickliness  of  all  plants  here,  espe- 
cially the  Ara\\'. arias,  and  never  came  back  again." 
Miss  North  h  v  1  previously  seen  and  painted  the 
Brazilian  Arau  iria,  and  the  more  important  food- 
yielding  Bunya  ounya  (Araucaria  Bidwillii)  of  Queens- 


blue,  and  then  all  the  others  seem  to  get  more  and 
more  green  and  faded  the  farther  they  get  from  the 
stalk,  and  more  separate,  with  a  background  of 
brown  bracts  or  leaves,  the  original  white  kid  covers." 
The  foliage,  it  should  be  mentioned,  is  like  that  of 
the  Pine-apple.  Gay  recognises  only  one  arborescent 
species  of  Puya,  the  flowers  of  which,  he  says,  are 
of  a  somewhat  greenish-yellow,  adding  that  the  plant 
was  rather  common  in  dry  places  in  the  central  pro- 
vinces, where  the  stem  was  called  chagual,  or  rriaoucy, 
the  leaf  ccirdon,  and  the  flower  puya.  Puya  Whytei 
(Hooker,  Bot.  Ma^.,  t.  5732)  is  almost  certainly  the 
same  species  as  Miss  North  has  painted,  and  this  is 


measuring  tape  in  this  case— namely  the  common 
"  frog-hopper,"  to  which  curious  little  insect  we  shall 
refer  hereafter. 

The  great  green  grasshopper  has  sharp  and  power- 
ful jaws,  and  can  inflict  a  slight  wound  on  the  human 
hand.  The  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  a  curious  in- 
strument, and  gave  rise  to  the  generic  name  applied  by 
some  entomologists  to  this  insect — Phasgonura,  mean- 
ing sword-lailed.  The  eggs  are  hatched  in  early 
spring,  the  larvae  being  very  minute,  somewhat 
similar  in  appearance  to  the  fully  grown  insect,  but 
devoid  of  wings.  On  the  Oak  tree,  on  that  portion 
where  the  bark   is   removed,  is  seen  in  our  drawing 


September  5,   iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


297 


(fig.  62)  one  of  a  class  of  insects  exceedingly  de- 
structive to  many  trees.  This  is  one  of  the  long- 
horned  beetles  which,  both  in  the  larval  and  perfect 
slates,  are  destructive  to  timber.  The  species  given  is 
Aromia  moschata,  or  the  Musk  beetle— a  pretty  in- 
sect possessing,  as  its  name  implies,  the  pleasant 
odour  of  musk.  It  emits,  like  the  last-mentioned  in- 
sect, a  sound  or  squeak,  which  is  produced  by  the 
friction  of  the  head-shell  against  the  thorax- 
shell.  It  generally  frequents  the  Willow,  but 
does  not  conline  itself  to  that  tree.  The  eggs  are 
deposited  in  holes  bored  in  the  bark  of  the  tree,  and 
the  larva  eats  its  way  into  the  wood,  especially  the 
wood  Immediately  beneath  the  bark,  the  diameter  of 
its  borings  increasing  as  it  grows. 

Another  interesting  tree-devourer  is  the  Sawlly 
(Cimbex  lutea),  shown  in  the  figure  in  the  act  of  flying, 
nearly  above  the  grasshopper.  The  instrument  from 
which  it  has  derived  its  name  is  a  most  ingenious 
structure,  being,  in  fact,  two  veritable  tenon  saws 
with  sharp  compound  teeth  at  the  tail  end  or  abdomen 
of  the  insect.     The   saws  work    side  by  side  and  in 


scales,  which  impart  to  some  species  remarkable 
beauty,  but  which  readily  rub  off.  A  gorgeous  little 
beetle,  found  plentifully  on  the  Hawthorn,  especially 
in  blossom-time,  and  named  Otiorhynchus  picipes, 
is  possessed  of  a  brilliant  green  and  gold  covering 
which  sparkles  in  the  sunshine  with  uncommonly  fine 
effect.  Another  common  but  not  so  pretty  weevil, 
styled  Phytonomus  tigrinus,  is  shown  on  the  left  of 
the  sawfly,  on  an  Oak  leaf.  It  is  notable,  not  on 
account  of  its  beauty,  but  for  its  remarkable  cocoon, 
which  is  considerably  larger  than  the  insect,  and  con- 
structed of  a  silken  netting  spun  from  the  body  of  the 
larva,  and  resembling  the  webbing  of  some  large 
spiders.  It  is  attached  by  silken  threads  by  the 
upper  portion  to  the  underside  of  a  leaf  or  other 
convenient^'obiect,  and  hangs  suspended. 

Ladybirds  (Coccinelidx)  are  another  well-known 
tribe  of  beetles,  which  somehow  or  other  are  always 
treated  with  more  tolerance  and  excites  more  interest 
than  any  class  of  insects  except  butterflies— of  which 
assertion  no  better  evidence  exists  than  in  our  child- 
days  nursery-rhyme  books.     There  are  many  species 


SEED    RAISING. 

(Co„lmu,d  from  f.  282.) 

Moisture. — We  sow  seeds  in  soil,  not  because  the 
chemical  nature  of  the  soil  itself  has  any  influence  on 
the  germinating  process,  but  because  of  its  being 
a  suitable  medium  in  which  the  conditions  essential 
to  germination — i.e.^  warmth,  moisture,  and  air — 
are  brought  to  bear  upon  the  seed  ;  it  also  is 
there  ready  to  receive  the  roots  of  the  seedling  as 
they  develope,  and  to  supply  the  plant  with  food  as 
soon  as  it  begins  to  shift  for  itself.  Moisture  and 
heat  are  two  principal  causes  of  germination  ;  with- 
out them  germination  is  impossible.  The  water 
supplies  oxygen  sufficient  to  enable  the  seed  to 
get  rid  of  the  large  amount  of  carbon  which  was 
necessary  so  long  as  the  seed  remained  dormint,  but 
which  alone  was  detrimental  to  growth.  Water  also 
has  a  softening  influence  on  the  often  hard  shell  in 
which  the  seed  is  enclosed,  thus  rendering  the 
escape  of  the  embryo  from  the  seed  much  easier 
than  if  the  outer  coats  remained  hard.     To   afford 


Fig.  62.— common  garden  insects,     (see  text.) 


opposite  motion.  When  the  female  is  about  to 
deposit  its  eggs  it  adroitly  cuts  a  groove  in  a  twig  or 
leaf,  and  passes  an  egg  between  the  two  saws  into 
the  groove,  accompanying  it  with  a  glutinous  secre- 
tion which  firmly  fastens  the  egg  and  retains  it  in  its 
groove.  One  egg  after  another  is  deposited  in  a 
similar  manner  until  all  have  been  disposed  of.  The 
larvce,  as  soon  as  hatched,  commence  the  business  of 
eating,  and  some  become  full-grown,  as  seen  in  the 
figure  on  a  leaf  at  the  top  left-hand  corner.  This  larva 
has  the  property  to  discharge  from  tiny  apertures  along 
the  sides  of  its  body  a  greenish  fluid,  which  serve  no 
doubt  as  an  efficient  protection  from  many  of  its 
enemies.  The  chrysalis,  or  cocoon,  is  of  brown 
colour,  and  leathery  material,  seen  in  the  figure  as  an 
oval  mass  attached  to  a  twig.  The  cocoon  and  its 
dormant  inmate  survive  the  colds  of  winter,  and  in 
early  spring  emerges  the  perfect  fly. 

A  class  of  insects,  well  known  under  the  general  term 
of  "weevils,"  are  to  be  found  in  great  numbers  and 
variety,  the  different  species  of  which  vary  in  colour- 
ing from  the  most  brilliant  green  and  gold  to  the 
dullest  brown  and  black,  inhabiting  the  Oak  and 
other  trees.  Most  of  the  tribe  of  weevils  have,  like 
butterflies   and    moths,    a   covering    of    microscopic 


of  ladybirds  which  are  difficult  to  distinguish  one 
from  another,  as  the  same  species  varies  greatly  in 
colouring,  and  in  the  number  of  its  spots  on  the  wing- 
cases.  In  the  illustration  we  have  figured  a  common 
species  (Coccinella  septem-punctata)  in  the  act  of 
flying.  It  has  seven  black  spots — as  its  name  indi- 
cates— on  its  elytra  ;  it  feeds  alike  in  the  larval  and 
perfect  states  upon  the  destructive  greenfly,  or  plant- 
lice,  the  diminutive  but  powerful  enemy  of  gardener 
and  farmer. 

One  of  those  elegant  and  active  little  butterflies 
recognisable  in  our  figure  as  being  one  of  the  blues 
is  represented  on  the  right  of  the  grasshopper  with  its 
wings  folded  over  the  back.  This  is  the  Bedford 
blue  (Polyommatus  Alsus)  the  smallest  of  British 
butterflies.   C.  frauds  young. 


"  LusiADAS  "  Rose. — Some  of  the  Continental 
horticultural  journals  narrate  how  a  Portuguese 
nurseryman  has  offered  a  new  carmine  coloured  Rose 
for  sale  at  a  high  price.  Unfortunately  it  has  been 
discovered  that  this  splendid  new  Rose  is  simply 
Celine  Forestier,  which  has  been  suffered  to  absorb 
some  aniline  dye,  in  the  same  manner  that  the  blooms 
of  the  white  Lily  are  occasionally  treated. 


the  seeds  the  amount  of  moisture  they  require,  we 
either  bury  them  in  moist  soil  or  sand,  or  place 
them  under  atmospheric  conditions  such  as  would 
fulfil  the  same  purpose.  So  soon  as  absorption  takes 
place,  germination  will  or  ought  to  commence.  Old 
seeds  or  immature  ones  will  often  fail  to  grow  if 
kept  very  moist,  but  may  be  induced  to  push  into 
activity  by  keeping  them  comparatively  dry  till 
germination  has  commenced,  increasing  the  amount 
of  moisture  as  growth  continues.  "  When  the  vital 
energies  of  a  seed  are  diminished,  it  does  not  lose  its 
power  of  absorbing  water,  but  is  less  capable  of  de- 
composing it.  The  consequence  of  this  is  that  the 
free  water  mtroduced  into  the  system  collects  in  the 
cavities  of  the  seed  and  produces  putrefaction  ;  the 
sign  ol  which  is  the  rotting  of  seeds  in  che  ground." 

At  Kew,  where  all  kinds  of  seeds  are  received  in 
large  quantities  annually,  it  is  the  custom  to  treat 
old  or  sickly-looking  seeds  as  follows  : — The  seeds 
are  first  thoroughly  dried,  so  as  to  destroy  any  germs 
of  decay  or  disease  of  any  kind  which  may  have 
attacked  the  seeds  before  their  arrival.  They  ar 
then  spread  out  thinly  upon  slates,  placed  in  a  warm 
and  moist  atmosphere,  and  covered  with  a  sheet  of 
paper.      If   vitality  has    not    been    destroyed,   this 


298 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  5,  18S5. 


Itea'.raent  Eenerally  brings  about  germinalion,  on 
Ihe  first  sign  of  which  the  seeds  are  placed  in  soil. 
Any  healthy  seed  will  germinate  if  immersed  in  water 
of  the  required  temperature,  but  unless  the  plant  be 
an  aquatic  the  excess  of  water  soon  proves  fatal. 
For  all  seeds  of  terrestrial  plants,  therefore,  no  more 
moisture  should  be  allowed  than  is  sufficient  to  keep 
the  medium  on  which  the  seeds  are  sown  in  a  moist 
condition.  An  excellent  guide  to  follow  is  that  of 
the  plants  to  which  the  seeds  belong,  giving  their 
seeds  the  same  amount  of  moisture  as  would  be  en- 
joyed by  the  plants  themselves. 

In  the  case  of  very  fine  seeds  which  are  sown  on 
the  top  of  the  soil,  it  is  wise  either  to  stand  the  pots 
containing  the  seeds  in  shallow  pans  of  water,  so 
that  the  soil  may  be  kept  moist  by  capillary  attrac- 
tion, or  to  tflect  the  same  purpose  by  dipping  the 
pots  almost  up  to  the  rim  in  water,  and  holding  them 
there  for  a  few  moments  till  the  soil  has  become 
thoroughly  moistened.  The  length  of  time  seeds 
may  be  allowed  to  remain  in  water  without  injury 
depends  on  the  nature  of  their  cuter  coverings. 
Mr.  Darwin  made  numerous  experiments  for  the 
purpose  of  discovering  how  long  the  seeds  of  land 
plants  might  be  immersed  in  sea-water  without  losing 
the  power  to  germinate.  He  found  in  many  instances 
the  time  was  unusually  long,  some  of  the  seeds  thus 
tested  germinating  afier  an  immersion  of  137  days. 
In  like  manner  m2.ny  seeds  may  be  kept  in  fresh  water 
for  a  long  time,  if  the  temperature  is  not  high  enough 
to  excite  germination. 

It  is  quite  a  common  practice  with  gardeners  to 
steep  hard-coated  seeds  in  warm  water  for  a  lew 
hours  before  sowing,  the  cITect  of  which  is  the 
softening  of  the  seed-coats  and  the  excitement  of 
the  vital  principle,  so  that  germination  is  much 
quickened.  Peas,  Deans,  Erythrinas,  Acacias,  in 
fact  all  those  seeds  belonging  to  LeguminosK,  may  be 
thus  treated  before  sowing.  The  efl'ects  of  soaking 
in  warm  water  are  sometimes  of  a  startling  character. 
At  Kew,  some  time  ago,  a  number  of  large  seeds  of 
various  kinds  were  examined  after  having  been 
sown  in  a  warm  house  for  over  a  year,  and  were 
found  to  be  quite  intact,  but  showed  no  signs  of 
germination.  They  «eie  then  placed  in  water 
heated  to  160°,  and  allowed  to  remain  in  soak  for 
twenty-four  hours,  after  which  they  were  re-sown. 
In  less  than  a  fortnight  after  this  most  of  the  seeds 
had  begun  to  germinate,  and  nearly  every  seed 
eventually  giew  and  foimed  a  strong  plant.  In 
the  same  establishment  large  numbers  of  Brazil- 
nuts,  Sapucaja-nuts,  and  other  large  hard-coated 
seeds,  are  annually  sown,  and  it  is  found  that  by 
carefully  removing  the  shells  before  sowing,  germi- 
nation lakes  place  much  more  speedily  than  when 
they  aie  allowed  to  remain.  The  same  plan  is  often 
had  recourse  to  in  the  treatment  of  seeds  of  Olives, 
Conifeu-e,  &c. 

Aquatic  plants  such  as  Nymphfeas,  Victoria, 
Euryale,  the  Buckbean,  &c.,  naturally  shed  their 
seeds  in  water,  where  they  remain  dormant  as  long 
as  the  temperament  of  the  water  is  low,  germinating 
freely  and  developing  inlo  plants  on  the  return  of  a 
higher  temperature.  Although  it  appears  to  be 
Nature's  plan  to  preserve  these  seeds  in  water,  yet 
they  may  be  kept  for  a  long  time  in  a  perfectly  dry 
condition  without  losing  their  vitality.  Seeds  of 
Nelumbium  have  been  known  to  germinate  after  having 
been  kept  dry  for  over  one  hundred  years. 

These  seeds  may  be  kept  equally  well  in  water  if 
the  temperature  is  nut  allowed  to  approach  that 
which  induces  germination.  There  are  instances 
recorded  of  seeds  which  had  commenced  to  grow 
having  been  dried  again,  and  which,  on  being  re- 
placed in  a  moist  situation,  grew  freely  without 
suffering  materially  from  the  check.  But  these  are 
exceptional  cases,  and  by  no  means  such  as  need  be 
regarded  as  of  horticultural  importance.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  that  when  once  germination  has  begun, 
any  check  to  its  progress  is  as  likely  to  prove  fatal 
as  it  would  be  in  the  case  of  eggs  after  incubation 
had  commenced.  All  seeds,  therefore,  should  be 
kept  dry  and  in  a  low  temperature  till  required  for 
sowing,  and  when  once  wetted,  no  check  in  the 
shape  of  drought  or  low  temperature  should  be 
permitted,  for  even  if  such  check  do  not  prove  faial, 
it  cannot  but  prove  highly  iniurious  to  an  organism 
o(  such  extreme  delicacy  as  a  germinating  setd  or 
seedling. 

Light. 
It    is    generally    believed    that    darkness    assists 
germination,  and  that  light  retards  it,   but  whether 


the  presence  or  absence  of  light  alone  affects  the 
germinative  process  either  one  way  or  the  other 
has  not  yet  been  clearly  shown.  Various  and 
numerous  experiments  have  been  made  to  test 
whether  the  action  of  light  on  germinating  seeds  is 
for  their  good,  and  the  general  conclusion  thus 
arrived  at  appears  to  favour  the  view  that  it  is  not. 
If  this  were  not  so,  it  might  be  asked,  why  cover 
seeds  with  earth,  or,  if  fine,  place  them  in  a  darkened 
position  ?  The  answer  to  this  question  must  be, 
that  seeds  are  covered,  not  so  much  to  exclude  light 
as  to  keep  them  uniformly  mois>,  and  to  prevent 
irregularities  in  temperature.  For  all  seeds  sown 
out-of-doors  we  know  that  a  covering  of  soil,  varying 
in  depth  with  the  size  of  the  seeds,  is  necessary,  and 
the  same  is  understood  to  apply  for  seeds  under  glass, 
unless  they  be  very  small.  Yet  we  know  that 
moisture,  and  a  certain  degree  of  heat,  along  with 
atmospheric  influences,  are  sufficient  to  cause  any 
seed  to  germinate,  whether  placed  in  darkness  or  in 
bright  light. 

Frequent  proofs  of  this  occur  in  the  propagating 
department  at  Kew,  where,  as  is  stated  above, 
many  kinds  of  seeds  are  sown  annually.  In  addition 
to  this,  the  discussion  on  the  question  of  darkness  for 
seeds,  which  took  place  in  the  horticultural  papers 
some  time  ago,  led  to  various  experiments  at  Kew  to 
test  how  far  light  alTected  the  process  of  germination. 
Seeds  were  sown  on  the  surface  of  soil,  on  cocoa-nut 
fibre,  and  in  water  in  a  bell-glass,  and  to  prevent 
evaporation  squares  of  glass  were  placed  over  the 
seeds  in  such  a  way  as  would  admit  sufficient  air  with- 
out excluding  any  light.  The  result  of  these  experi- 
ments appeared  to  show  that  light  did  not  prevent, 
nor  appreciably  interfere  with,  germination,  the  seeds 
starling  into  growth  at  about  the  same  time  as  those 
which  were  covered  with  soil  in  the  usual  way.  be- 
fore it  can  be  satisfactorily  proved  that  these  conclu- 
sions were  safe  more  experiments  will  be  necessary, 
but  so  far  as  we  have  gone  the  evidence  gathered 
favours  the  opinion  that  light  alone  does  not  interfere 
with  the  germination  of  seeds.  Every  gardener 
knows  how  freely  the  smallest  seeds  will  vegetate  if 
sown  on  the  surface  of  soil,  covered  with  a  pane  of 
glass  and  placed  on  a  shelf  near  the  light  ;  seeds  of 
such  plants  as  Gloxinia,  Gesnera,  Primula,  Calceo- 
laria, Begonia,  and  Bertolonia  are  commonly  sown 
in  this  way.  Orchids,  too,  are  raised  from  seeds 
scattered  upon  the  surface  of  living  sphagnum  moss, 
where  darkness  is  out  of  the  question.  If  fine  seeds 
are  not  injured  by  light,  may  we  not  conclude  that 
larger  ones  ate  equally  unaffected  by  it?  Experi- 
ments like  the  above  prove  that  such  is  most  probably 
the  case. 

As  already  stated,  seeds  are  covered  with  soil  to 
aftord  them  the  necessary  moisture  and  warmth  ;  it 
is  also  necessary,  at  least,  in  the  case  of  large  seeds, 
to  enable  the  root  to  take  firm  hold  of  the  soil,  by 
presenting  an  opposing  force  to  the  pressure  of  the 
root  as  it  prolongs  itself  and  pushes  its  point  into 
the  ground.  For  these  reasons,  irrespective  of  the 
question  of  light,  a  covering  of  soils  is  beneficial  to  all 
but  the  smallest  seeds.  Various  scales  have  been 
given  of  the  different  depths  at  which  seeds  of 
different  sizes  should  be  sown,  but  the  best  we  can 
suggest,  and  the  one  found  least  likely  to  mislead, 
is  that  the  thickness  of  the  covering  of  soil  for 
seeds  should  not  exceed  their  own  diameter.  For 
seeds  sown  out-of-doors  it  is  perhaps  better  to  sow  a 
little  deeper,  for  the  sake  of  a  proper  degree  of 
moisture,  and  to  prevent  their  being  eaten  Vjy  birds, 
&c.  Under  glass  this  rule  can  never  be  far  wrong. 
Deep  sowing  is  often  unfavourable  to  germination, 
rather  because  of  the  exclusion  of  a  due  amount  of 
air,  then  through  darkness  or  the  absence  of  any 
other  condition.  Numerous  instances  of  this  are  not 
unfrcquently  recorded  ;  as,  for  instance,  when  land 
has  been  cleared  of  trees,  or  when  the  earth  has  been 
turned  over  to  any  depth,  a  new  vegetation  springs 
up,  which  is  often  composed  of  plants  unknown  in 
the  near  neighbourhood  of  the  newly-cleared  land, 
and  must  therefore  have  sprung  from  seeds  buried  in 
the  earth  at  too  great  a  depth  to  permit  vegetation. 
Seeds  thus  buried  retain  their  vitality  lor  a  very  long 
period.  At  Kew  it  sometimes  happens  that  seeds 
which  on  first  sowing  were  buried  too  low  down  in 
the  soil  have  remained  dormant  for  a  long  while,  but 
on  bringing  them  nearer  the  surface  they  generally 
germinate  soon. 

Dr.  Lindley  mentions  an  instance  of  how  seeds  of 
Flax  were  covered  by  deep  sowing  ;  "  The  injurious- 
ness  of  covering  oced  with  too  much  earth  arises  less 


from  the  superincumbent  pressure  of  the  soil  than 
from  the  exclusion  of  atmospheric  air,  which  is  quite 
indispensable  to  germination.  The  seed  of  the  com- 
mon Flax  comes  up  at  different  periods,  according  as 
it  is  planted  in  i,  2,  or  3  inches  depth  of  soil  ;  if  it 
be  sown  4  inches  below  the  surface  it  will  not  come 
up  at  all.  Not  that  air  does  not  penetrate  to  this 
depth  in  the  soil,  but  the  quantity  of  air  will  very 
much  depend  on  the  looser  or  denser  character  of 
the  soil," 

Son.. 
For  all  seeds  of  any  size  and  the  vegetative 
power  of  which  is  strong  and  quick-acting,  the  soil 
most  suitable  is  such  as  the  plants  would  thrive  best 
in  when  large.  It  is  always  best  to  use  a  finely- 
sifted  soil,  at  least  for  delicate-rooted  seedlings  :  for 
the  smallest  seed  the  mixture  ought  always  to  be 
sifted  through  a  sieve  with  a  J-inch  mesh. 
Various  mixtures  have  been  proposed  as  suitable 
for  all  seeds  :  Lindley  suggests  equal  portions  of 
peat,  loam,  and  sand,  others  advise  all  sand,  and 
others  prefer  sandy  loam.  If  what  has  already  been 
stated  is  accepted,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  plan  heie 
advised  is  a  safe  one — viz.,  to  use  a  mixture  similar 
to  what  the  plants  would  prefer,  plus  a  larger 
quantity  oi  sand.  If  it  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
nature  of  the  soil  does  not  in  any  way  affect 
the  process  of  germination,  providing  it  does  not 
exclude  essential  conditions,  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
soil  most  likely  to  satisfy  the  wants  of  the  young 
plant  as  soon  as  it  begins  to  search  for  its  own  food 
is  that  which  it  thrives  in  when  strong.  Mr.  Ander- 
son Henry,  who  was  a  most  successful  raiser  of 
delicate  seeds,  preferred  a  compost  of  equal  portions 
of  peat,  loam,  and  sand  with  a  little  pulverised  leaf- 
mould  added.  It  is,  however,  difficult  to  lay  down  a 
hard-and-fast  rule  in  this  matter,  owing  to  the  vary- 
ing nature  of  different  soils  in  different  localities^ 
what  is  good  for  a  certain  plant  in  one  place  being 
unsuited  for  it  in  another.  In  this  and  in  all  other 
questions  that  concern  the  management  of  seeds  a 
great  deal  must  be  left  to  the  intelligence  of  the 
gardener,  to  whom,  if  the  fundamental  principles  of 
germination  are  properly  grasped,  the  special  con- 
ditions essential  to  the  welfare  of  seeds  and  seedlings 
will  readily  suggest  themselves.  By  first  of  all 
inquiring  inlo  the  nature  of  the  piants  from  which 
the  seeds  have  been  obtained,  and  ascertaining  the 
conditions  under  which  they  are  known  to  thrive, 
the  treatment  necessary  for  their  seeds  may  be  soon 
arrived    at.     W,     Watson,     in     "  Casselt's    Popular 

Ganfcnin^." 

(To  tc  cciilhuiiJ.) 


ENSILAGE    OF    MULBERRY 

LEAVES. 

DuRINi;  the  silkworm  rearing  season  in  Northern 
Italy  a  large  quantity  of  Mulberry  leaves  are  sent  by 
rail  from  one  place  to  another,  and  in  many  cases  the 
railway  administration  run  special  night  trains  for  this 
purpose.  The  leaves  are  packed  loosely  in  sacks, 
and  often  arrive  at  their  destination  far  from  fresh, 
and  consequently,  if  not  totally  unfit,  at  all  events 
cannot  afford  a  wholesome  food  for  the  nourishment 
of  these  insects.  An  experiment  was  made  during 
the  present  season,  by  a  silk  producer  in  Lombardy, 
in  sending  the  leaves  compressed,  and  for  this  a  bale 
was  made,  weighing  Ii5  kilos.,  by  placing  the  leaves 
between  two  round  pieces  of  board  (in  this  case  the 
bottoms  of  barrels),  and  compressing  them  in  an  ordi- 
nary wine-press;  the  bale  was  then  firmly  secured 
with  iron  wire.  By  some  oversight  this  bale  of  com- 
pressed leaves,  made  on  May  23,  was  not  forwarded 
to  Milan,  and  from  thence  to  Niguarda,  until  the 
morning  of  the  31st,  and  consequently  it  did  not 
arrive  at  its  destination  until  later.  On  opening  the 
bale  the  leaves,  with  the  exception  of  about  2  inches  in 
thickness  round  the  outside,  were  found  to  be  per- 
fectly fre=h  and  sweet,  and  even  these  were  only 
faded,  and  found  to  be  not  unfit  for  food. 

This  is  a  conclusive  proof  that  the  nutritive  quali- 
ties of  the  leaves  can  be  preserved  for  some  time,  if 
compressed,  and  the  air  thus  excluded  from  them  ; 
care  however,  must  be  taken  not  to  crush  them,  and, 
injure  their  tissues  by  excessive  pressuie.  From  that 
it  would  appear  that  a  system  of  ensilage  might  be 
adopted  with  advantage  lor  preserving  Mulberry 
leaves  in  the  same  way  that  it  is  for  forage.  Another 
advantage  of  such  a  plan  v.ould  be  that  the  leaves  so 
compressed  would  be  reduced  in  bulk,  and  conse- 


SErxtMBER  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


299 


quently  fewer  trucks  would  be  required  to  carry  a 
given  quantity  of  leaves  than  there  is  in  the  ordinary 
way  ;  and  hy  ensiling  the  leaves  grown  on  the  warmer 
side  of  the  Apennines— as,  for  instance,  on  the 
"Rivicira"  of  Genoa,  &c.  —  it  would  be  possible  to 
supply  the  silkworm  rearers  of  Piedmont  ar.d  Lorn- 
bardy  during  backward  seasons,  or  when,  from  other 
causes,  the  leaves  are  scarce  and  expensive.  Jottt  nal 
of  the  Sodcty  of  Arts. 


FOI^ESTF(Y. 


CLEARING  UP  AFTER  STORMS. 
The  severe  storm  with  which  this  country  was 
visited  on  the  g^h  and  lolh  of  the  past  month,  and 
which  did  so  much  injury  to  farm  and  garden  crops  in 
general,  will  no  doubt  have  given  most  foresters  extra 
work  in  the  way  of  removing  fallen  trees,  pruning 
broken  and  twisted  branches,  fence-repairing,  road- 
clearing,  and  the  bestowal  of  extra  vigilance  on  all 
watercourses,  including  ditches,  closed  drains,  and 
culverts.  Wherever  trees  have  been  uprooted,  the 
policy  grounds  fhtuld  receive  first  attention.  These 
should  be  cut  up,  removed,  and  the  roots  buried 
or  otherwise  disposed  of  without  delay.  A  good  way 
to  get  rid  o(  upturned  roots  is  to  dig  a  hole  of  suffi- 
cient size  immediately  behind  them,  and  into  which 
they  will  (all  when  severed  from  the  trunk.  Dig  the 
hole  of  suflkient  depth  that  the  root  may  have  a 
covering  of  at  least  2  feet  of  soil.  In  some  cases  where 
■an  out-of-the-way  place  is  contiguous  to  the  timber,  it 
may  be  convenient  to  have  the  roots  conveyed  there, 
but  usually  the  quickest  and  least  expensive  method 
to  dispose  of  such  is  by  burying.  In  removing  broken 
and  twisted  branches,  prune  ofi  close  to  the  stem,  and 
paint  the  sear  with  tar,  or  deface  by  rubbing  with  a 
damp  sod  of  earth.  Marks  of  pruning  being  objec- 
tionable when  they  are  within  viewof  drives  and  walks, 
should  always  be  obliterated. 

Nursery  Work. 
With  the  present  mild,  damp  weather,  weeds  are 
growing  apace,  and  to  keep  them  down  will  re- 
quire the  utmost  vigilance  and  perseverance  on  the 
part  of  the  nurseryman.  The  old  adage,  "Asliich 
in  time  saves  nine,"  is  perhaps  nowhere  more  applic- 
able than  in  nursery  management  during  the  later 
and  present  months,  for  if  once  weeds  are  allowed  to 
run  to  seed,  and  these  to  ripen  on  the  plant,  the 
work  of  eradication  is  vastly  increased.  During  wet 
weather  hand-weeding  is  preferable  to  using  the  hoe, 
but  should  it  be  necessary  to  resort  to  the  latter 
method  all  weeds  should  be  raked  off  without  delay. 
Take  advant.ige  of  damp  weather  for  the  weeding  of 
seed-beds,  as  the  risk  incurred  by  injury  to  the  young 
plants  when  removing  these  will  be  thus  greaily 
obviated. 

Transplanting  of  two  years  seedlings  may  now  go 
on,  for  if  left  later  the  winter  frosts  are  apt  to  lilt  them 
from  the  lines,  thereby  causing  considerable  damage 
to  their  tender  ruoilets,  whereas  by  planting  now  they 
will  get  well  established  in  their  new  quarters  before 
severe  weather  sets  in.  The  size  of  the  plants  will  be 
the  best  guide  as  to  their  distance  apart,  although  we 
may  state  that  for  the  ordinary  run  of  two  years' 
seedlings  9  inches  between  the  lines  and  4  inches 
from  plant  to  plant  will  be  ample,  more  especially  as 
it  will  be  found  advantageous  to  again  transplant  at 
the  end  of  another  year.  Should  dry  weather  set  in 
after  planting,  a  thorough  watering  in  the  evening 
and  slight  protection  of  Spruce  Fir  branches  for  the 
first  week  or  so  will  materially  assist  in  keeping 
down  the  death  rate. 

Keep  a  sharp  look-out  amongst  young  nursery 
stock  for  insect  pests,  which  are  more  or  less  abun- 
dant in  various  districts  at  present.  Infested  plants 
should  be  pulled  out  and  burned,  although  in  the  case 
of  rare  and  valuable  Conifers  it  may  be  well  before 
resorting  to  such  extreme  measures  to  hand-pick  and 
syringe  with  some  of  the  numerous  advertised  in- 
secticides. 

Seeds. 

An  occasional  look  to  the  store  boxes  of  Yew, 
Holly,  and  Thorn  seeds  should  be  given,  and  the 
sand  moved  gently  about,  so  that  fermentation  of 
the  fleshy  outer  covering  may  go  on  evenly  and 
gradually. 

Birch  seeds  may  now  be  collected  from  trees  of  good 
habit,soundc3nstilution,andmediumage,  pattofwh^ch 


may  be  sown  at  once  in  well  pulverised  sweet  soil, 
and  the  remainder,  after  being  thoroughly  dried  by 
placing  in  flat,  shallow  boxes,  stored  away  in  a  dry, 
airy  lolt,  until  required  for  use  in  spring.  The 
method  often  adopted  of  storing  seeds  in  bags  is 
highly  objectionable  and  should  never  be  tolerated, 
the  best  plan  being  to  place  them  thinly  on  shelves  or 
in  shallow  boxes,  in  either  of  which  places  their 
germinative  powers  are,  il  properly  dried  previous  to 
storing,  unimpaired. 

Fe.nxing. 
Fences  of  all  kinds,  but  more  particularly  such  as 
enclose  woodlands,  will  at  present  require  a  greater 
amount  of  attention  than  at  any  other  time,  as  cattle 
naturally  see^  the  shade  to  avoid  extreme  heat  and 
being  troubled  with  flies.  Specimen  trees  in  the  paik 
and  grounds  should  also  be  ensured  against  the  attacks 
of  stock,  more  particularly  horses,  which  often  work 
wide-spread  destruction  by  nibbling  the  baik  fiom 
both  stem  and  branch.  Rabbit-proof  nettings, 
hurdle  and  continous  wire-fences  should  also  receive 
attention  in  the  way  of  repairs  and  painting.  As 
wire  expands  with  heat  and  contracts  during  cold 
weather,  the  hint  should  be  taken  to  have  these 
tightened  at  present,  and  slackened,  so  as  to  avoid 
breakage,  at  the  approach  of  winter.  See  that 
young  trees  that  were  planted  out  during  the  past 
season  are  not  swaying  about  with  the  wind,  and 
that  the  moorings  of  large  transplants  have  not  become 
broken  and  do  not  chafe  the  bark. 

Faggot  Making. 
Branches  intended  for  faggot-making  should  be 
collected  in  heaps  along  the  outfkirts  of  plantations, 
or  contiguous  to  woodland  drives  where  they  miy  be 
bundled  and  conveyed  to  the  fa^jgot-shed  for  use  as 
required.  Here  we  find  it  well  to  divide  faggots 
into  two  kinds,  targe  and  small,  the  latter  for  fire 
lighting,  and  composed  principally  of  Larch  and 
Spruce  branches  of  not  over  J-inch  diameter,  but 
usually  less  ;  and  the  former  of  almost  any  branches 
up  to  2\  inches  in  diameter,  and  used  for  stove  and 
heating  purposes.  Small  faggots  bound  tightly  and 
of  not  less  than  I  foot  in  length  by  6  inches  diameter 
should  realise  at  least  51.  per  100  ;  while  the  larger 
which,  are  usually  9  to  10  inches  in  diameter  by  about 
18  inches  in  length,  cannot  be  made  and  delivered  at 
a  less  cost  than  \as.  per  100. 

Hedging. 
The  pruning  or  switching  of  all  fences  will  now  be 
well  advanced,  but  where  the  work  is  in  a  backward 
condition  extra  assistance  should  be  rendered  until  the 
work  is  got  well  in  hand.  Hedges  in  the  park  cr 
other  conspicuous  positions  may,  for  the  sake  of  neat- 
ness, receive  two  trimmings  annually— the  first  when 
the  growth  is  fully  perfected,  and  the  second  during 
the  latter  part  of  August.  A  sharp  tool  in  the  hands 
of  an  experienced  workman  may  be  used  with  the 
utmost  benefit  to  hedges  generally,  but  an  ill-kept 
tool  used  by  a  novice  is  frequently  productive  of 
very  unsatisfactory  results.  Young  fences  that  have 
been  formed  during  the  past  year  will  require  a  littie 
extra  care  and  attention  in  the  way  of  cleaning  and 
weeding,  neglect  of  which  tells  sooner  or  later  on  the 
vigour  and  growth  of  the  plants  as  well  as'  ultimate 
value  of  the  fence.  A.  D.  Webster,  Pcnrhyii  Cast/c, 
Noilh  Wales. 


MARKET    GARDENING. 

(Continued  from  f.   205  ) 

Before  I  continue  my  remarks  in  the  order 
originally  marked  out,  I  shall  digress  briefly  to 
acknowledge  "A.  D.'s"  useful  remarks  in  a  recent 
number  of  the  Gardeners''  Chrouicle,  having  reference 
to  my  past  notes  upon  the  field  culture  of  Yegetablc 
Marrows.  The  practice  he  describes  of  growing 
somewhat  earlier  crops  than  can  be  secured  by  open 
field  culture,  pure  and  simple,  under  temporary 
frames  or  hand-lights,  is  occasionally  practised  in  this 
neighbourhood  also.  My  intention  was,  however,  to 
show  how  the  bulk— ninety-five  per  cent,  of  all 
that  are  marketed  is  grown  as  freely  as  the  hardiest 
of  summer  crops.  Nor  do  I  see  my  way  to  admit, 
judging  of  the  expense  of  preparing  the  beds  referred 
to  by  your  correspondent,  that  the  slightly  enhanced 
prices  early  grown  produce  secures  compensate  for  the 
outlay. 

Vegetable  Marrows  never  do  or  will  fetch  fancy 
prices,  and  it  is  astonishing  how  (with  all  the  nursing 


—  I  may  call  it  codling — under  glass)  rapidly  outdoor 
grown  mallows  'follow  up  those  that  have  been  pro- 
tected ;  indeed,  a  case  of  action  at  law,  or  threatened 
action,  is  going  on  near  me  at  this  time  wherein  a 
jobber  offered  such  a  grower  an  exceptional  price  for 
what  he  considered  early  forced  produce,  but  which, 
when  he  took  them  to  market,  he  could  not  realise, 
and   so  elects  not  to  pay  his  loss. 

But  there  is  an  important  consideration  connected 
with  manure-beds,  protected  or  glass-hastened,  versus 
field  culture,  I  had  not  intended  to  touch  upon,  but 
for  "  A.  D.'s  "  remarks  ;  but  it  will  evidently  be  of 
some  service  to  gardeners  that  I  should  refer  to 
nevertheless.  It  is  this.  Whereas  field  culture  pro- 
duces large  numbers  of  Marrows  of  a  large  size 
under  such  methods  as  I  have  described — taking  the 
fruits  continually  until  the  frosts  of  autumn  cut  down 
the  foliage — garden  growers,  even  with  their  heaps 
of  manure,  glass  protections,  &c.,  usually,  because 
their  employers  like  them  to  cut  all  the  fruits  young, 
whereas  the  market  growers  cut  tons  of  fruit,  for 
the  crop  is  very  weighty. 

In  gardens  where  only  a  moderate  quantity  of 
immature  fruits  are  secured,  heaps  of  manure,  frames, 
hand-lights,  &c.,  are  employed  !  Certainly  "A.  U." 
can  have  no  desire  to  uphold  such  an  anomaly,  though 
his  useful  remarks  may,  to  some  readers,  imply  this 
to  be  the  case.  ^^  could  understand  a  theory  where 
the  inverse  was  advocated,  comprising  all  these  out- 
lays for  heavy  crops  in  continuity  with  large  fruits, 
not  otherwise.  There  is,' as  "  A.  D."  would  wish  to 
emphasise,  danger  from  placing  such  seeds  into  the 
open  ground  too  early,  and,  apart  from  cold  and 
excess  o(  moisture,  mice  and  rooks  prove  very 
troublesome,  but  by  attention  it  is  soon  seen  how 
first  sowings  succeed,  and  duplicate  sowings  are  easily 
made.  We  rarely  if  ever  observe  actual  failure, 
not  even  this  season,  with  its  cold  spring  months. 
Besides,  seeds  are  easily  saved  in  immense  numbers 
to  meet  all  demands,  though  exceptions  occur,  as  I 
had  myself  to  pay  Sj.  per  pound  for  it  only  a  few 
years  ago.  Finally,  as  regards  this  matter,  I  hope 
yet  to  see  Vegetable  Marrow  seeds  sown  in  sunny 
sites  in  open  quarters,  even  though  I  may  not  see 
the  total  abandonment  of  the  older  practice. 

Cucumber  growing  in  the  open  fields,  or  what  is 
perhaps  accurately  described  as  the  growth  of  ridge 
Cucumbers  and  Gherkins,  is  still  plentifully  carried 
out  in  certain  disrticts  in  the  home  counties,  &c.  This 
industry,  however,  all  but  invariably  associates  itself 
with  kindly,  suitable  native  soils,  without  which'  it 
would  be,  if  not  difficult,  certainly  expensive,  to  grow 
them  profitably.  The  seed  bed  is  prepared  in  a  similar 
way  to  that  explained  for  Marrows  but  with  more 
liberal  supplies  of  manure.  As  a  rule,  also,  screens 
or  *' nurses  "consisting  of  rows  of  Rye  are  sown 
thickly  between  the  future  rows  of  Cucumbers.  The 
Rye  grows  up  early  in  spring  and  protects  the  plants 
from  cold  winds  and  maintains  a  little  additional 
warmth  around  them.  The  seeds  are  dibbled  out 
into  the  open  ground  during  the  month  of  May  in 
the  same  way  as  are  Vegetable  Marrow  p]ant=, 
generally  germinating  and  forming  robust  plants 
upon  which  are  produced  a  plentiful  succession  of 
fruit.  These  are  very  acceptable,  being  sold  by 
itinerant  vendors  throughout  the  poorer  parts  of 
the  metropolis  and  all  large  towns,  the  dwellers  within 
which  would  rarely  taste  Cucumbers  but  for  such 
vendors.  Nor  is  the  crop  to  be  despised.  In  the 
matter  of  flavour  black-spined,  ridge,  and  Gherkin 
Cucumbers,  field  grown,  are  thought  by  some  to  be 
better  flavoured  than  others  grown  under  glass.  Be- 
sides disposing  of  these  crops  in  this  manner,  growers 
have  moreover  heavy  purchasers  in  the  pickle  makers. 
Beet,  Carrot,  and  Parsnip  crops  occupy  a  large 
area  under  culture,  and  the  cultivation  of  Beetroot  is 
extending  beyond  its  former  limits.  Probably  this  is 
a  fact  applicable  to  the  other  two  kinds  of  root  also. 
At  a  time  not  very  remote  such  crops  had  become 
more  or  less  a  monopoly  in  a  very  few  hands  and  were 
confined  to  certain  districts  ;  demand,  however,  in- 
variably creates  supply,  and  so  much  so  in  the  case  of 
these,  that  the  produce  now   is  in  excess  of  demand. 

Field  culture  here  again,  possesses  a  decided  ad- 
vantage over  and  above  that  of  the  large  majority  of 
private  gardens.  It  is  well  known  to  good  judges 
that  field-grown  Beetroot  is  the  more  palatable  of 
the  two — and  the  same  applies  to  Carrots  and 
Parsnips,  already  referred  to.  The  reason  is  not 
far  to  seek.  Field  ground  has  its  virgin  earth 
less  exhausted  than  worn  gardens.  But  a  more  im- 
portant  fact  than   this  exists.     All  these  root  crops 


300 


rHE     GARDENERS'     CHROMCLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


require  free  and  uninterrupted  air  and  sunlight,  which 
they  do  not  get  in  a  large  majority  of  gardens,  and 
where  tree  ornamentation  (in  itself  so  desirable)  does 
so  much  injury.  Thus,  with  such  freedom  from  all 
that  is  inimical,  the  leaves  grow  and  make  growth, 
such  as  enclosed  garden  crops — the  foliage  upon  which 
is  generally  drawn — cannot  attain  to. 

In  the  face  of  such  facts  as  these  is  it  to  be  wondered 
at  that  enclosed  gardens,  with  all  the  skill  possible, 
fail  to  give  the  size?  Nor  should  employers  com- 
plain on  the  score  of  quality,  seeing  it  is  not  within 
the  resources  of  the  gardener  to  counteract  such 
drawbacks.  The  lands  are  habitually  cultivated 
deep  and  well  for  these  crops — deep  stitT  loamy 
soils  being  chosen  for  Parsnips,  sandy  soils,  similar 
in  depth  for  Carrots,  and  one  midway  between 
them  for  Beet,  all  being  grown  in  drills,  with  often 
greater  distances  between  rows  and  plants  than  is 
habitually  given  in  gardens. 

Parsley  often  during  or  following  hard  winters,  is 
a  very  profitable  crop,  as  it  is  occasionally  sold  by 
parts  of  a  pound  weight.  The  practice  is  to  sow  in 
drill  rows  duringlhe  month  of  July,  and  to  "set  out 
the  plants  "  to  proper  distances  in  process  of  hoeing 
them.  Market  garden  farmers  possess,  as  a  rule,  an 
excellent  selection.  Immense  (|uantities  of  it  are 
dug  up  and  bunched  with  the  roots  entire,  though 
during  severe  frosts  in  winter  this  is  not  done. 
William  Earhy, 

{To  !'<■■  continued.) 


STRIKING    ROSES    FROM    EYES 

LIKE    VINES. 

An  examination  of  the  base  of  the  accompanying 
Rose  plant  {fig.  6^)  will  afford  conclusive  evidence  of  the 
f.act  that  Roses  may  be  propagated  in  a  similar  way  to 
Vines.  In  the  present  case  a  few  dormant  buds  were 
cut  out  of  the  Rose  shoots  early  in  April  last  with 
half-an-inch  of  the  bnrk  and  a  lillle  of  the  wood  on 
either  side  of  it  attached.  They  were  then  inserted 
in  a  pot  fdlcd  with  mouhl,  and  having  a  surfacing  of 
sand,  they  were  placed  in  a  cutting  frame,  and  after- 
wards watered  when  necessary.  The  idea  of  thus  ex- 
perimenting with  the  Rose  with  a  view  to  working  up  a 
stock  of  choice  varieties  on  their  own  roots  expedi- 
tiously occurred  to  me  at  pruning-time.  And  this,  I 
think  may  lie  done  by  putting  the  buds  in  closely 
together  in  boxes  fdletl  with  sandy  soil  late  in  the 
autumn,  and  then  placing  them  first  in  a  cold  frame 
for  a  few  weeks  until  they  have  callused,  and  after- 
wards in  gentle  heat,  potting  them  off  singly  into 
small  Go's  as  soon  as  they  have  made  an  inch  or  two 
of  growth,  and  again  placing  them  in  a  growing 
temperature  near  the  glass,  and  shading  them  for  a 
few  days  from  bright  sunshine  until  the  roots  have 
taken  to  the  soil.  H.  IT.  IVard,  Lon^^ford  Castle. 

[We  believe  the  method  practised  by  our  corre- 
spondent was  made  use  of  by  iMr.  Shirley  Hibberd 
and  others  many  years  ago,  but  it  has  never  found 
general  adoption,  owing,  probably,  to  the  large  pro- 
portion of  misses  to  hits.  Ed.] 


^foreign  (llorrfsponbentt. 


THE  TOBACCO  AND  CIGAR  TRADE  IN  CUBA. 

Cuban  Tobacco,  which  has  hitherto  heldaveryhigh 
position,  has,  it  is  stated  in  a  recent  report  on  this 
subject,  lost  its  f<reslii;e  through  forcing  and  the  use  of 
artificial  manures,  so  that  it  has  to  sustain  a  sharp 
competition  from  abroad  where  it  formerly  com- 
manded the  market,  and  it  is  considered  that  it  will 
take  some  years  before  the  soil  can  recover  from  the 
excessive  and  indiscriminate  use  of  artificial  fertilisers. 
A  few  years  ago  the  leaf  harvested  in  the  Vculta 
Ab.ijo  w.as  not  sufficient  to  meet  the  large  demand, 
and  in  order  to  increase  the  yield  growers  made  use  of 
guanos  of  .all  sorts,  with  such  bad  results  that  they  find 
it  now  diflicult  to  pLice  on  reasonable  terms  more  than 
half  and  sometimes  less  of  their  crops,  at  very  low 
prices.  In  a  few  localities  only  the  soil  has  not  been 
spoilt  by  spurious  manures,  and  the  leaf  grown  there 
commands  very  high  prices,  and  is  warmly  competed 
for  by  local  m.inufacturers  and  buyers  for  the  United 
States. 

Notwithstanding  the  last  crop  was  of  a  better 
quality  than  heretofore,  growers  were  compelled  to 
abandon  theJTobacco  cultivation  for  a  certain  time, 


and  devote  the  ground  to  other  purposes.  This  change 
of  cultivation  appears  to  be  absorbing  the  fertilisers, 
and  restoring  to  the  soil  its  former  good  qualities. 
From  the  splendid  appearance  of  the  leaf,  and  the 
ready  sale  it  now  meets  with,  it  would  seem  that  the 
Viielta  Abajo  fields  are  becoming  fitted  for  the  growth 
of  the  best  quality  of  leaf.  As  is  well  known,  the 
Tobacco  grown  in  the  Vuelta  Abajo,  or  district  west 
of  Havana,  is  the  best  kind,  and  has  given  Cuba  its 
well  earned  reputation.  About  67,000  acres  are  culti- 
vated. 


Havana  alone.  One  of  the  largest  establishments 
is  that  supplying  the  Henry  Clay  brands,  which  is 
stated  to  turn  out  from  So.ooo  to  120,000  cigars 
daily,  and  there  are  many  others  of  considerable 
importance  with  a  well-earned  and  old-established 
reputation  for  fine  goods.  Except  in  the  case  of  the  few 
rich  owners  of  plantations  in  the  eastern  parts  of  Cuba, 
brands  and  names  are  no  guarantees  for  a  permanently 
good  article.  Even  these  favoured  few  are  exposed  to 
bad  seasons,  if  in  a  minor  degree  than  less  fortunate 
owners,   for  the  quality  of  Tobacco,  like  other  pro- 


4'^ 


/!>' 


'//' 


r 


Fig.  63.— rose  plant  iko.mJan  eye. 


There  seem  to  be  no  trustworthy  statistics  to  show 
how  much  of  the  raw  produce  is  manufactured  in  the 
island,  probably  not  more  than  one-fourth.  Very 
large  quantities  of  the  leaf  are  exported  in  bales,  and 
rolled  abroad.  It  is  evident,  however,  that  given  the 
total  production  and  corresponding  result  in  the  manu- 
factured form,  but  a  small  portion  of  the  cigars  sold 
in  Europe  and  elsewhere  as  Havana  cigars  have  the 
slightest  claim  to  a  connection  with  Cuba.  The  chief 
and  only  important  manufactories  of  these  cigars  are 
in  Havana,  .and  much  care  and  money  is  expended 
in  producing  a  handsome  looking  article.  As  much 
as  40  dols.  gold  are  paid  to  skilled  labourers  per 
1000  for  making  up  first-class  goods.  About  17,000 
oper.atives    are    employed    in    this    manufacture    in 


duce,  depends  on  season,  soil,  and  many  natural  causes 
which  may  baffle  the  most  careful  cultivator. 

The  manner  in  which  the  wholesale  trade  is  carried 
on  in  Havana  is  incomprehensible  to  an  outsider,  to 
whom  it  would  appear  that  the  manufacturers  prefer  a 
prospective  loss  abroad  to  a  present  and  certain  gain 
at  home.  They  will  only  execute  orders,  large  or 
small,  for  cash  over  the  counter,  giving  no,  or,  in 
some  cases,  the  smallest  discount.  No  manufactured 
goods  are  kept  in  stock,  but  are  made  to  order  after 
sample,  and  unless  examined  in  a  warehouse  before 
delivery — and  that  means  little — must  be  paid  in  full 
on  delivery,  and  the  consequence  too  frequently  is, 
that  on  arrival  at  their  destination  they  do  not  cor- 
respond with  the  sample,  and  the  deluded  buyer  finds 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


301 


that  he  has  made  a  bad  bargain,  and  (if  aD  English- 
man) discovers  that  he  could  have  bought  the  same 
article  cheaper  in  the  English  maket  with  the  ad- 
ditional advantage  of  examining  and  testing  the 
goods  before  purchase. 

.It  is  stated  that  intelligent  smokers,  with  sensitive 
palates,  find  no  cheap  Tobacco  in  Havana  worth 
smoking  ;  50J.  per  hundred  and  upwards  is  what  must 
be  paid  at  present  for  really  fine  flavoured  aromatic 
cigars  ;  beyond  Sar.  or  85^.  prices  become  fancy  ones, 
and  are  paid  for  the  smart  cases  and  envelopes.  Even 
at  the  rates  quoted,  it  is  stated  not  to  be  easy  to  find 
what  is  wanted.  There  is  an  abundance  of  dark 
powerful  Tobacco  of  fine  quality  at  much  lower  rates, 
but  not  light  Tobacco  with  flavour  or  aroma  or  without 
strength  such  as  an  Englishman  with  a  refined  taste 
for  Tobacco  seeks.  Perhaps  not  more  than  10  per 
cent,  of  the  Tobacco  harvested  in  ordinary  years  is  of 
the  light  colour  referred  to  ;  hence  the  difficulty  in 


of  different  kinds,  and  in  the  early  part  of  .Sep- 
tember it  is  intended  to  open  another  of  a  strictly 
horticultural  character  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  term, 
that  is  to  say,  not  only  flowers  and  plants,  but  fruit, 
seeds,  and  vegetables,  as  well  as  everything  else 
more  or  less  relating  to  gardening,  will  be  shown. 
The  plan  and  arrangements  of  the  show,  which 
promises  to  be  on  a  grand  scale,  are  under  the  direc- 
tion of  some  of  the  leading  nurserymen  and  gardeners 
of  the  town,  as  Messrs.  Uhlrick,  liardet,  llozer,  and 
others,  who  take  a  very  active  part  in  the  necessary 
preparations.  But  the  enterprize  is  under  the  auspices 
and  guaranty  of  the  horticultural  society,  the  most 
energetic  members  of  which  are  the  proprietors  of  the 
extensive  seed  nursery  near  Warsaw,  Messrs.  Yankof- 
ski,  Katchinski  &  Shanor.  This  firm  issues  a  monthly 
paper  called  "Ogrodnik  Poloki  "(the /ij/w/;  Gardener). 
.Some  10,000  or  12,000  roubles,  at  least,  will  be 
required  to  finish  the  necessary  preparations  for  the 


Fig.  64. — ARISTOLOCHIA  ELEGANS. 

Cream-coloured,  with  purplibli-brown  mitrkings  ;  tliroat  golden-yellow,  surrounded  by  a  deep  purple  blotch. 


supplying  the  demand,  and  the  artifices  resorted  to 
to  supply  the  deficiency. 

Cuba's  annual  Tobacco  crop  may  be  estimated  at 
between  300,000  and  400,000  Icrcios  of  125  lb,  each. 
About  30,000  persons  are  employed  in  its  cultiva- 
tion, and  its  value  when  harvested  may  be  reckoned 
at  between  8,000,000  and  12,000,000  dollars  of  41. 

It  is  said  to  be  difficult  to  estimate  the  number  of 
persons  engaged  in  working  plantation  (veguiros) 
and  other  cigars  for  home  consumption  as  well  as  the 
quantity  consumed,  but  the  higher  class  of  operatives 
employed  in  cigar-making  for  export  number  about 
20,000,  and  turn  out  at  present  probably  200,000,000 
cigars  annually.  The  export  trade  has  fallen  off  of 
late  years  considerably.  In  the  five  years  from  1S70 
to  1874  about  350,000,000  cigars  were  annually 
shipped  to  foreign  ports  ;  whereas  in  the  period  be- 
tween 1S79  and  18S4  the  annual  average  export  was 
only  200,000,000. 

The  Warsaw  Exhihition. 
This  year  Warsaw  has  been  fertile  in  exhibitions 


show.  It  is  expected  that  a  good  number  of  exhi- 
bitors from  the  neighbouring  provinces,  and  even 
from  the  nearer  parts  of  Prussia  and  Austria,  will 
arrive.  It  will  last  about  two  weeks,  and  no  doubt  it 
will  be  a  very  interesting  display. 

There  is  one  serious  drawback  to  all  these  exhibi- 
tions in  this  quarter  ;  they  are  more  or  less  impro- 
vised— nothing  is  heard  about  them  till  a  week  or  two 
before  opening.  Many  people  have  not  time  to  think 
over  the  matter,  and  prepare  for  a  good  turn-out.  So 
it  happens  on  this  occasion  there  are  great  complaints 
of  indifference  on  the  part  of  gardeners  and  others, 
whereas  the  reason  is  simply  that  the  promoters 
failed  to  give  notice  of  their  enterprise  in  good  time. 
P.  F.  K. 


Large  Beech.  —  Reginal  Kelly,  Esq.,  of 
Kelly,  North  Devon,  has  some  splendid  timber  in  bis 
park.  As  an  example  there  is  a  Beech  growing  in 
the  rookery  and  near  the  ornamental  ponds  which  has 
a  trunk  18  feet  in  girth  at  3  feet  from  the  ground. 
This  noble  tree  aspires  to  a  height  of  at  least  70  feet, 
and  is  about  300  feet  around. 


ARISTOLOCHIA     ELEGANS, 

Sl>.    N.* 

There  is  a  general  prejudice  against  these  plants  in 
that  they  take  up  a  good  deal  of  room,  are  difficult 
to  keep  free  from  insects,  and  if  their  flowers  are 
peculiar  they  have  a  lurid  hue,  and  their  perfume  is 
objectionable.  None  of  these  objections  can  be 
urged  .against  the  very  beautiful  little  Aristolochia 
recently  introduced  from  Brazil  by  Mr.  Bull  (fig.  64). 
It  Is  something  like  A.  Duchartrei  hort.  =  A. 
Ruiziana  Duchartre,  but  the  present  plant  bears 
solitary  lloweis,  proceeding,  not  from  the  old  wood, 
but  from  the  young  shoot.  The  plant  flowers  in  a 
young  state,  has  cordate  ovate  leaves,  glabrous  above, 
glaucescent  beneath,  and  long-stalked  flowers,  whose 
slightly  distended  tube  is  suddenly  bent  upward  at  a 
very  acute  angle.  The  uppermost  part  of  the  tube 
is  dilated  into  an  obliquely  cBrdate-ovate  somewhat 
cup-shaped  limb  2i  inches  long  by  2  inches  in  width, 
the  colour  of  which  is  like  that  of  cream  thickly 
sprinkled  with  dendritic  markings  of  a  rich  purplish- 
brown  colour  ;  the  wide  aperture  of  the  tube  is  of  a 
golden-yellow  colour,  surrounded  by  a  deep  blotch  of 
velvetly  texture  and  rich  purple  colour.  The  interior  of 
the  tube  is  lined  at  the  base  with  white  cottt)ny  hairs, 
and  on  one  side,  just  below  the  bend  of  the  tube,  are 
two  crescentic  raistd  blotches  of  a  purple  colour.  The 
column  is  about  ;|  inch  long,  6-parted. 

The  plant  is  a  native  o(  Kio,  where  it  was  collected 
by  Glaziou,  No.  13,163  Herb.  Kew,  and  it  has 
recently  been  introduced  into  cultivation  by  Mr, 
William  Bull,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the 
opportunity  of  figuring  the  plant  and  by  whom  it  was 
recently  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
where  it  received  a  first-class  certificate. 

It  is  singular  that  so  beautiful  a  plant,  native  of  so 
well  known  a  botanical  district,  should  not  previously 
have  been  introduced  or  described.  M.  T,  M. 


I 


\\t    l]jiaiig. 


TAKING  THE  HONEY. 
To  get  extracted  honey  in  a  nice  form  is  not  easy 
without  a  little  practice,  and  requires  a  certain 
amount  of  real  hard  work.  I  have  been  at  it  about 
four  hours  to-day,  and  do  not  require  any  more  phy- 
sical exercise  (or  the  day.  To  do  it  nicely  get  every- 
thing you  ate  likely  to  require  at  hand,  so  that  there 
shall  be  no  delays  and  running  about.  We  will  sup- 
pose you  have  eased  the  bees  of  say  twenty  frames. 
Take  ihem  right  away  into  some  convenient  out- 
house where  you  can  shut  yourself  up.  Get  the  fol- 
lowing things  ready  : — Honey  extractor,  uncapping 
knife,  jug  of  hot  water  to  stand  knife  in,  basin  of 
warm  water  to  rinse  your  hands  in  occasionally,  a  nice 
flat  table,  and  a  strainer  made  of  cheese-cloth.  Now 
to  business.  Take  a  frame  of  honey,  lay  it  flat  on 
the  table,  and  with  the  honey  knife  carefully  shave 
off  the  cappings.  Turn  over  and  do  the  same  to  the 
other  side,  and  then  put  the  frame  into  one  of  the 
cages  of  the  extractor.  Now  take  a  second  frame 
and  uncap  it  exactly  like  the  first,  and  put  it  into  the 
opposite  cage.  Now  begin  to  turn,  gently  at  first, 
gradually  increasing  the  speed  to  a  fair  rate.  When 
all  the  honey  is  out  on  one  side,  reverse  the  frames 
and  turn  the  machine  again,  to  clear  the  other 
side.  If  this  is  carefully  done  with  a  good 
machine,  you  will  get  all  the  honey  out.  Of  course 
small  portions  of  honey  will  stick  to  the  comb.  You 
can,  after  you  have  finished,  give  the  combs  to  the 
bees  to  lick  out  clean,  and  then  put  them  away  till 
the  following  spring.  You  can  proceed  thus  till  you 
have  extracted  the  honey  out  of  the  twenty  frames. 
If  the  frames  are  very  heavy  you  will  probably  have 
to  empty  your  machine  after  extracting  ten  or  a  dozen 
frames.  To  do  this  best  lift  the  machine  and  honey, 
and  put  them  on  the  table.   Now  put  your  cheese-cloth 

*  Aristolochia  elegatts,  sp.  n.,  Mast. — Glabra  volubilis ; 
foliis  longc  petiolatis,  pctiolib  gracilibus,  laminis  cordnio-ovato- 
obtusis,  lobis  basilaribus  rotundati^  late  divergcntibus,  ncrvls 
pedatis,  vcnulis  remotiusculis  ;  floris  solilarii  longc  pcdunculati 
tubo  cylindrato  basi  pauIo  vcntricoso,  medio  abruptc  resimo 
tercti,  limbo  oblique  cordate  ovato  diametro  a-pollicaria,  sub 
concave  colore  cremoris  maculisque  dendriticis  purpureis  dense 
obsito,  faiice  aperto  aurco-flavido  maculaque  vclutina,  brun- 
neo-purpurea  circumdato  ;  columna  apicc  6-loba.  Folia  subtus 
clautcsccntiaada^  pol.  lat.  iJ4  pol.  long.  P^cudo  stipulaercni- 
lorm'-s;  flores  longe  pediccllati  c  novelHs  propedientes.  Peri- 
anlhii  tubus  intus  araneosa  supcrne  macuhs  duabis  rcniformi- 
bus  purpureis  notatus.  Brazil,  Rio.  Glaziou,  13,163,  et  hort. 
Bull. 


302 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  18 


strainer  (which  ought  to  be  made  the  shape  of  a  cone, 
with  apex  downwards)  under  the  tap.  Put  some  kind 
of  receptacle  under  the  strainer,  and  then  turn  the  tap. 
Every  particle  of  spjallcomb  will  remain  in  the  strainer, 
and  only  beautiful  clear  honey  will  trickle  through. 
When  you  see  the  kind  of  honey  which  comes  from 
the  strainer,  you  will  feel  well  repaid  for  the  work  of 
uncapping  and  turning  the  machine.  Always  put 
two  frames  in  at  once,  never  only  one,  or  your 
machine  will  shake  about,  and  probably  smash  the 
comb.  Some  machines  are  made  for  three,  and  some 
for  four  frames,  but  practical  experience  seems  to 
suggest  two  as  the  best  for  most  persons.  If  you  wait 
to  get  four  frames  uncapped,  the  honey  will  get  cool, 
and  is  then  harder  to  sling  out.  When  you  have 
finished,  rinse  out  your  machine  with  warm   water. 


THE    STRAWBERRY. 

Mr.  Roe  {speaking  before  the  American  Institute 
Farmers'  Club  on  June  19)  said  that  development 
and  improvement  of  the  Strawberry  is  slow.  He 
had  abandoned  the  idea  maintained  a  few  years  ago, 
that  ail  the  varieties  of  the  day  were  soon  to  be  super- 
seded by  new  and  better  ones.  In  our  endeavours 
for  improvement  we  have  to  observe  three  principal 
points  : — 

1.  Development  in  the  Strawberry  should  be  sought 
in  the  line  of  native  (American)  stock.  The  highest 
excellence  of  foreign  Strawberries  is  combined  in 
Triomphe  de  CUnd,  and  its  equal  has  yet  to  be  found. 
The  leading  qualities  to  be  aimed  at  are  beauty, 
firmness,  flavour.     Without  these  size  is  nothing. 

2.  We  should  not  discard  the  old  standard  varieties 
that  have  stood  the  test  of  many  years.  Varieties 
like  Charles  Downing  cannot  easily  be  surpassed. 
Typical  plants  of  such  should  be  singled  out  and 
grown  on  fair  Strawberry  land,  to  start  a  new  and 
vigorous  strain  from. 

3.  In  developing  new  varieties  we  should  have  in 
mind  that  ihey  are  intended  for  the  people.  For 
propagation,  fair  dry  soli  should  be  chosen,  such  as 
would  not  be  considered  fit  for  the  very  highest  culti- 
vation ;  and  only  selected  plants  should  be  used  for 
the  purpose.  Plants  grown  on  a  very  rich  soil  will, 
as  a  rule,  fail  on  poor  and  sandy  soil,  while  those  that 
have  sufficient  inherent  vigour  in  them  will  make 
their  way.  The  right  kind  to  succeed  will  grow  even 
under  adverse  conditions.  The  old  Champion,  for 
instance,  is  a  good  variety  to  use  as  a  mother,  if 
crossed  with  rich  high-flavoured  varieties. 

Mr.  E.  W.  Durand,  the  originator  of  Jersey  Queen, 
Prince  of  Berries,  Black  Defiance,  and  many  other 
varieties,  thought  there  was  something  like  intuition 
that  guided  him  in  the  selection  of  varieties  for  cross- 
ing, and  that  it  required  constant  attention  and  appli- 
cation to  accompliih  anything  in  this  direction.  Most 
varieties  change,  the  foliage  giving  way  to  the  fruit. 
The  change  may  be  so  gradual  that  it  becomes  im- 
possible to  foretell  the  fixed  permanent  character  of  a 
new  variety  before  six  or  even  ten  years,  and  he  had 
known  seedlings  to  retrograde  even  after  such  a 
period.  To  expect  much  improvement  from  chance 
seedlings  he  considered  a  fallacy. 

Mr.  T.  P.  Quinn  was  satisfied  with  his  crop.  On 
7  acres  of  ground  near  Newark,  N.J.,  he  raised 
1000  bushels  of  Strawberries  last  year,  and  expects  to 
do  nearly  the  same  this  season.  Whoever  expects  to 
make  money  in  Strawberry  growing  must  have  good 
land,  deep  soil,  give  high  manuring,  and  be  con- 
venient to  a  good  market.  Southern  Strawberries 
have  entirely  revolutionised  Northern  Strawberry 
culture.  So  far  only  two  varieties,  the  Wilson  and 
Neunan,  have  been  found  adapted  for  cultivation  at 
the  South,  and  at  the  North  earliness  is  not  the  lead- 
ing consideration,  as  was  formerly  the  case.  After 
experimenting  with  every  new  variety,  he  finds  the 
Charles  Downing  still  the  most  profitable  Strawberry 
to  grow  for  market.  Berries  are  grown  for  the  masses, 
therefore  we  must  have  varieties  which  yield  enough, 
so  that  they  can  be  sold  within  the  means  of  the 
masses,  at  a  retail  price  of  from  8  to  20  cents.  The 
average  nett  cost  of  his  berries  to  him  he  estimates  at 
6  to  7  cents  a  quart. 

Summer  planting  he  has  abandoned  entirely,  and 
plants  now  in  spring  exclusively.  The  plants  are  set 
15  inches  apart,  in  rows  4  to  5  feet  apart,  and  allowed 
to  run.  They  are  always  mulched  in  the  fall,  the 
covering  being  removed  in  the  spring,  the  ground 
cultivated  lightly,  and  the  mulch  replaced  between 
the   rows  before   picking.      He   was  convinced  that 


Strawberry  culture  will  yield  a  fair  profit  if  proper 
application  is  given  to  it ;  and  that  even  in  seasons  of 
light  crops  there  is  always  the  compensation  that  the 
crop  will  bring  better  prices. 

Mr.  A.  S.  Fuller  spoke  on  fertilisation,  and  the 
influence  of  the  pollen  on  the  berry.  He  described 
the  construction  of  Strawberry  blossoms,  and  the 
differences  between  staminate  and  pistillate  varieties. 
That  the  influence  of  the  pollen  reaches  further  than 
the  seed,  and  that  the  berry  itself  becomes  affected 
by  the  pollen  he  had  become  convinced  of  more  than 
twenty  years  ago.  Several  instances  in  proof  thereof 
were  cited,  and  the  fact  that  when  pollen  is  not 
applied  to  imperfect  flowers  the  blossoms  wither  and 
the  stems  die,  while  when  after  pollen  is  applied  the 
fruit  stems  expand  and  become  more  vigorous,  shows 
plainly  that  the  whole  plant  becomes  changed  by 
fertilisation. 


CATERPILLARS. 

If  it  were  possible  to  take  seriously  the  advice  to 
destroy  every  caterpillar  in  the  garden,  a  great  deal  of 
amusement  and  of  interest  would  be  at  an  end  for 
some  who  observe  with  delight  the  fauna  as  well  as  the 
flora  of  their  pleasure  grounds.  There  exist  certain 
beautiful  caterpillars  who  feed  onl-y  upon  what  can 
easily  be  spared,  and  who,  appearing  as  they  do  season 
after  season,  grow  to  be  like  old  friends  — children  who 
never  get  old.  I  am  now  looking  for  the  advent  of  a 
handsome  fellow  on  the  Rose  trees.  He  wears  black 
velvet  and  scarlet  tufted  with  white  along  the  back, 
while  from  his  shoulders  sprout  black  hairs  in  bunches, 
doited  like  a  peacock's  crest.  He  goes  very  fast,  and 
I  have  known  him  all  my  life.  There  is  another,  very 
much  the  same  in  appearance,  only  heavier  and  with 
some  dots  of  blue  :  the  colours  of  this  last  are  not  so 
well  mixed.  Less  commonly  seen,  and  always  received 
with  an  admiring  welcome,  is  a  pale  green  caterpillar 
tinted  with  rose,  banded  with  black  velvet,  and 
bearing  silken  tufts  of  primrose-yeilow  along  the 
back,  a  luxurious  slow-paced,  well-fed  fellow.  One 
of  the  same,  order  appeared  on  a  Japanese  variegated 
Maple  last  autumn.  He  was  '*got  up"  with  the 
most  perfect  good  taste,  all  in  black  velvet  and  light 
chestnut.  There  was  a  black  chain  down  the  back, 
with  a  double  row  of  chestnut  tussocks,  and  long 
golden-tawny  hairs  all  over.  I  was  selfish  enough  to 
secure  this  beautiful  creature,  requiring  of  him  to 
chrysalise  in  a  dull  flower-pot  full  of  earth  instead  of 
enjoying  free  burial  in  the  open  ground.  The  moth 
should  have  been  set  at  liberty  so  soon  as  it  appeared  ; 
but  this  never  happened,  and  the  dawucmcnt  of  the 
tawny  one's  history  remains  unknown  to  me. 

Once  or  twice  in  a  lifetime  one  may  chance  to  find 
a  treasure  ;  such  as  the  great  larva  of  the  Death's- 
head  Sphinx,  whom  once  I  met  walking  alone  in  the 
garden,  big  enough  to  frighten  an  unlearned  person. 
An  old  labourer,  digging  Potatos  in  a  Potaio-field, 
has  been  known  to  cry  out  in  terror  at  the  sight  of 
this  "worm,"  believing  it  to  be  the  Devil.  I  have 
found  also  a  Privet  Hawk-moth  caterpillar,  very 
beautiful  with  lilac  and  white  stripes  laid  upon  bril- 
liant green. 

Then,  on  the  Currant  bushes  often  come  long 
slender  green  geometers,  or  looper  caterpillars.  The 
consumption  of  Currant  leaf  by  such  ihm  threads  of 
emerald  cannot  reasonably  be  supposed  to  injure  the 
trees  in  any  way.  What  advantage  to  themselves 
may  be  the  inconveniently  exaggerated  length  of  their 
bodies  it  is  difEcuU  to  guess;  we  may  feel  pretty 
certain,  however,  that  Nature  has  made  no  mistake. 
Then  there  is  the  old  Currant  moth,  who  begins  life 
as  a  rather  stout  spotted  looper,  coloured  with  a 
remarkable  forecasting  of  the  pattern  of  its  future 
wings.  {Several  of  these  I  observed  in  the  moth 
state  last  month,  enjoying  the  coloured  lamps  and 
fountains  at  the  Inventions  with  the  rest  of  the 
crowd.)  I  do  not  personally  care  much  for  the 
Currant  moth,  except  for  the  sake  of  "auld  lang- 
syne  [  "  but  I  believe  it  never  does  any  very  important 
mischief.  The  worst  is  done  by  the  gregarious  larvic 
of  sawflies,  and  to  them  little  mercy  need  be  shown. 
They  are  distinguished  by  a  general  greasiness  of 
appearance,  and  by  their  feeding — from  an  absence  of 
prolegs — with  their  tails  in  the  air.  Sometimes  on 
Gooseberry  bushes  one  finds  brown  loopers,  like 
dead  slicks.  These  are  most  amusing  in  their  clever 
mimicry,  and  are  innocent  of  all  harm  to  the  Gooseber- 
ries, beyondeating  afew  spare  leaves.  Then,whowould 
dream  of  destroying  woolly  bears?— the  beautiful 
travellers  in  glossy    brown   fur  coats,    whom   we  so 


often  meet,  late  in  the  summer,  making  their  way 
rapidly  across  the  garden-walks.  Or  the  flat  little 
blue  and  yellow  ladybird  grubs,  who  devour  herds  of 
aphides?  All  these,  with  many  another  such-like 
charming  creature,  we  can  but  reckon  amongst  our 
humble  friends.  They  are  surely  welcome  to  a  share 
in  our  green  plenty,  and  their  "wholesale  destruc- 
tion "  would  doubtless  be  felt  as  a  real  loss  by  others, 
as  well  as  by  E,   V,  B. 


MARECHAL  NIEL  ROSE. 
Some  doubts  have  been  expressed  as  to  the  popu- 
larity of  this  Rose,  and  it  has  been  stated  that 
Niphetos  is  a  far  more  popular  flower  now.  The 
question  opens  up  a  curious  phase  of  fashion,  which 
rules  so  much  in  all  things  at  all  times.  I  do  not 
believe  in  the  waning  popularity  of  this  grand  Rose, 
though  I  am  quite  prepared  to  believe  that  it  does  not 
represent  so  much  marketable  value  as  it  used  to  do. 
There  are  two  reasons,  however,  for  this.  I  was 
talking  with  one  of  our  most  eminent  cut-flower  mer- 
chants some  little  while  ago,  and  said  what  an  enor- 
mous business  it  had  become — it  was  then  the  height 
of  the  London  season.  "Well,"  was  the  reply,  "if  it 
were  not  for  the  great  demand  for  bouquets  at 
weddings  and  wreaths  at  funerals,  we  should  say 
that  the  season  was  a  bad  one."  Of  course  if  this  be 
so  Niphetos,  as  a  white  flower,  would  be  in  much 
greater  demand  for  either  of  these  purposes  ;  by  the 
way,  the  extent  to  which  the  custom  of  sending  wreaths 
at  funerals  has  gone  to,  may  be  guessed  from  one 
fact,  that  at  the  funeral  of  the  wife  of  a  medical  man 

at ,  who  was  greatly  beloved,  it  was  necessary  to 

get  a  waggonette  to  convey  them  to  the  grave  !  But 
there  is  another  reason.  The  Marechal  has  proved 
such  a  mine  of  wealth  to  those  who  have  cultivated  it 
(many  persons  in  two  years  paying  the  expense  of  the 
house  they  built  to  grow  it  in)  that  a  great  many 
have  tried  the  same  thing  with  the  usual  result — the 
increased  supply  has  cheapened  the  commodity;  in 
fact.  It  is  one  of  those  cases  which  are  constantly 
occurring  of  supply  and  demand  ;  still,  that  it  has 
ceased  to  be  profitable  is  certainly  not  the  case.  The 
schoolmaster  in  the  parish  of  a  friend  of  mine  had 
put  up  a  rough  greenhouse  in  which  he  planted  a 
Marechal  Niel ;  the  Rose  had  in  a  short  time  paid  for 
the  house.  He,  poor  man,  died,  but  his  sister  still 
lives  at  the  same  house,  and  continues  to  grow  the 
Rose.  This  year  she  sent  up  to  Covent  Garden 
216  blooms,  for  which  she  obtained  £<^  '6s,  6(/.,  the 
earlier  blooms  producing  S.f.,  and  the  later  ones  45, 
per  dozen — a  result  by  no  means  to  be  despised. 

And  for  gratifying  one's  own  taste  how  better  can 
one  employ  a  piece  of  glass  structure  ?  -  for  it  may  be 
done  in  a  way  that  does  not  interfere  with  other 
things,  as  I  can  vouch  for  from  my  own  experience. 
I  put  some  three  or  four  years  ago  a  plant  of  it  into 
a  large  pot  and  placed  it  on  the  ground  in  a  small 
rough  glasshouse  in  which  I  grow  a  Vine.  The  size 
of  the  house  is  14  feet  by  10.  This  was  placed 
at  the  back  with  the  idea  that  it  might  last  for 
a  year  or  so,  but  it  has  pushed  its  roots  through 
the  pot,  and  is  now  firmly  rooted  in  the  soil.  It 
has  made  long  and  vigorous  shoots,  blooming  so  well 
that  I  cut  this  year  120  blooms  from  it,  I  thought 
that  best  of  its  day  was  over,  but  it  seems  vigorous 
and  gives  promise  of  doing  well  for  at  least  another 
year,  I  am  more  than  ever  convinced  that  it  is  essen- 
tiallyan  indoor  Rose.  It  will  doubtless  grow  and  bloom 
well  in  the  open  in  some  parts  of  the  country,  but  the 
flowers,  although  higher-coloured,  are  never  what  they 
are  under  glass.  I  have  another  in  a  small  glass 
-  structure  which  I  have  used  for  blooming  Hyacinths 
in,  and  have  had  a  somewhat  curious  experience  with 
it ;  it  was  in  the  early  spring  badly  attacked  by  mil- 
dew, owing,  I  imagine,  to  its  being  in  a  position 
facing  the  east,  and  getting  too  great  changes  of 
temperature.  The  earlier  flowers  were  very  in* 
different,  but  I  have  lately  been  cutting  some  very 
fair  blooms  of  a  very  deep  colour.  I  am  inclined 
indeed  to  think  that  the  Rose  after  it  has  become 
established  is  much  more  perpetual  in  its  blooming, 
as  indeed  it  ought  to  be  from  its  parentage. 

It  is  a  sad  thing  that  a  Rose  so  popular,  and  deserv- 
edly so — so  much  the  "  cynosure  of  all  eyes  " — should 
be  of  so  short-lived  a  character,  and  that  just  when 


September  5,  18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


303 


you  are  luxuriating  in  what  you  think  is  well-nigh 
its  full  Jevelopment,  it  begins  to  perish,  owing  to 
what  is  commonly  known  as  the  Marechal  Niel  canker. 
I  gave  a  plant  of  it  to  a  neighbour  of  mine,  who  planted 
it  in  a  house,  which  in  a  few  years  it  completely 
covered,  both  the  back  wall  and  the  roof  ;  hundreds 
upon  hundreds  of  its  brilliant  blooms  were  produced, 
but  the  decay  set  in,  and  it  had  to  be  entirely 
removed,  and  another  planted  in  its  stead  ;  indeed, 
those  whose  who  have  grown  these  large  plants  always 
think  ii  safe  to  provide  for  such  a  contingency,  and 
after  it  has  attained  the  full  size  to  be  ready  with 
another  to  take  its  place.  This  was  the  plan  adopted 
by  Mr.  Vallance  at  Bristol,  who  had  one  the  stock  of 
which  measured  S\  inches. 

What  the  cause  of  this  canker  is  I  believe  has 
never  yet  been  ascertained,  or  why  this  one  Rose 
should  be  subj-ct  to  it  ;  but  that  it  exists  is,  un- 
fortunately, too  true.  It  has  been  assumed  by 
some  that  it  is  caused  by  the  hot-water  pipes, 
but  it  occurs  as  frequently  where  there  is  no 
healed  apparatus.  That  it  is  caused  by  some  injury 
is,  I  suppose,  pretty  certain,  and  it  has  been  assumed 
that  this  is  due  in  many  cases  to  accidents — that  the 
tree  gets  bruised  ;  but  here  again  we  can  hardly  sup- 
pose that  accidents  should  always  happen  to  this  Rose 
and  not  to  any  other.  It  is  usually,  I  believe,  the 
case  that  it  occurs  at  the  thickest  part  of  the 
tree  ;  that  the  bark  at  first  splits  longitudinally, 
and  then  across,  as  if  it  were  "  hide-bound,"  and  that 
there  is  too  unequal  growth  for  the  bark  to  retain 
it.  I  have  seen  where  in  a  large  bole  canker  was 
developed,  the  tree  cut  and  slashed  about  in  all 
directions,  but  without  any  success.  Some  have  (see- 
ing that  it  shows  itself  in  the  grosser  and  thicker 
shoots)  suggested  that  it  would  be  better  to  cut  these 
away  and  get  a  more  twiggy  growth — there  are  indeed 
some  rosarians  who  condemn  in  all  Roses  these  gross 
shoots,  and  r.ilhle;s!y  cat  them  away,  a  proceeding  I 
never  could  agree  with.  It  is  unquestionably  on  the 
smaller  growth  of  Maiechal  Niel  that  one  gets  the 
bloom,  but  then  I  think  that  these  shoots  must  be 
left  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  that  small  wood.  I 
know  it  has  been  thought  by  some  that  the  Marechal 
is  a  fast  fellow,  and  that  if  he  must  live  a  fast  life 
he  cannot  expect  it  more  than  "humans"  to  live 
long  :  but  then  a  cousin  of  his,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  lives 
quite  as  fast,  blooms  as  freely,  and  yet  is  not  paid  out 
fur  it  by  canker. 

And  if,  then,  we  cannot  define  the  cause,  there  must 
be  an  impossibility  in  suggesting  a  remedy.  The  true 
physician  must  diagnose  the  disease  before  he  treats  it, 
the  quack  does  not  trouble  himself  on  that  score — 
he  prescribes,  and  leaves  it  to  chance  ;  but  there  is  one 
point  in  connection  with  it  on  which  I  should  like  to 
know  the  experience  of  others,  as  I  have  none  myself. 
Does  Maiechal  Niel  canker  when  it  is  on  its  own 
roots  ?  I  have  been  told  it  does  not,  and  if  so  there  is  a 
remedy  which  only  requires  patience,  patience— that 
is,  to  wait  for  a  longer  time  to  grow  the  plant.  It  is 
possible  now-a-days  to  get  own-rooted  plants,  and, 
indeed,  it  strikes  very  freely.  Either  this  or  having 
a  plant  to  take  the  place  of  the  decaying  one  is  the 
only  plan  one  can  suggest  of  grappling  with  the  fatal 
malady. 

Another  Rose  which  it  was  said  would  prove  a 
formidable  rival  to  the  Marechal  is  Perle  des  Jardins, 
doubtless  a  very  beautiful  Rose,  but  withal  it  has  not, 
at  any  rate  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  dethroned  its 
rival.  In  America  it  is  said  to  be  very  fashionable 
and  to  be  a  formidable  competitor,  while  great  things 
are  spoken  of  a  sport  that  has  been  raised  from  it. 
Sunset,  which  is  said  to  be  of  the  colour  of  Madame 
Falcot.  It  has  not,  however,  been  much  exhibited 
here,  and  we  must  perhaps  wait  for  another  season  to 
decide  on  its  merits.  One  of  our  best  rosarians, 
Mr.  Cleorge  Paul,  has  a  very  high  opinion  of  it,  and 
has  largely  propagated  it,  but  I  do  not  think  that  it 
or  any  other  Rose  is  likely  to  displace  the  Marechal, 
Cloth  of  Gold  has  indeed  many  claims  to  superiority, 
but  then  how  few  can  bloom  it  satisfactorily,  whereas 
the  Marechal  almost  kills  itself  by  its  freedom  of 
flowering.    Wild  Rose, 

Tea  Rose  Sunset. 
This  is  undoubtedly  a  lovely  Tea  Rose,  a  decided 
acquisition,  and  a  fine  addition  to  the  already  large 
list  of  Tea-scented  varieties.  It  is  a  sport  from 
Perle  des  Jardins,  bearing  flowers  similar  in  form  and 
substance,  but  of  a  very  pleasing  bright  pale  apricot 
colour.  It  was  very  finely  shown  by  Mr.  Slaughter, 
of  Steyning,  at  the  exhibition  of  the  West  Grinstead 


Horticultural  Society,  in  West  Grinstead  Park,  on 
August  26,  who  informed  us  that  when  well  established 
on  the  Brier  it  furnishes  him  with  very  fine  flowers. 
R.  D. 


jjlanta  and  tiptii  |;iltuii£. 


SEASONABLE  NOTES— DUTCH  BULBS. 
The  season  has  again  come  round  for  the  general 
orders  for  these  to  be  given,  and  we  would  advise  that 
no  delay  be  allowed  in  securing  the  requisite  quantity 
in  good  lirfie.  In  spite  of  every  honest  endeavour  by 
the  vendors  to  serve  all  alike,  first  and  last,  the  best 
bulbs  will  get  chosen  in  many  instances,  and  justly  so, 
when  growers  make  their  own  selection  for  special 
purposes.  The  first  batch  of  Hyacinths  should  have 
been  potted  ere  this,  as  previously  advised  ;  if  not 
done,  lose  no  time  in  its  completion.  As  soon  as  the 
general  stock  comes  to  hand,  another  lot  should  be 
potted,  to  have  them  in  readiness  for  starting  with  the 
New  Year.  For  late  work  a  few  more  weeks  may  be 
allowed  to  elapse  prior  to  potting. 

Hyacinths,  Etc. 
Good  Hyacinths,  both  in  variety  and  colour,  can 
be  obtained  now  at  such  moderate  prices  that 
there  is  no  need  to  go  to  any  great  expense 
in  the  purchase  of  scarcer  kinds,  except  it  be  in 
the  case  of  their  culture  being  made  a  specialty.  A 
few  good  and  cheap  Vindsare  as  follows,  viz. : — Shades 
of  pink  and  red — Gigantea,  Macaulay,  Norma  and 
Robert  Steiger  among  singles  ;  and  Lord  Wellington 
and  Noble  par  Mcrite  of  double  kinds.  Of  blush  and 
white,  singles — Mad.  Van  der  Hoop,  Queen  of  the 
Netherlands,  Grandeur  a  Merveille,  and  Mammoth  ; 
of  doubles  —  La  Tour  d'Auvergne  and  Prince  of 
Waterloo.  Of  blues  in  various  shades-Baron  Von 
Tuyll,  Argus,  Charles  Dickens,  King  of  the  Blues, 
Grand  Lilas  and  Prince  Albeit  among  singles;  and  of 
doubles — Laurens  Koster  and  Van  Speyk.  From 
the  yellows — Anna  Carolina  and  Alida  Jacoba,  both 
singles  ;  and  Haydn,  a  lilac-mauve.  These  would  be 
good  kinds  to  select  for  general  purposes.  Of  Poly- 
anthus Narcissus,  Gloriosa  and  Soleil  d'Or  are  two 
good  kinds  ;  Bazelman  major  is,  however,  by  far  the 
finest  of  any,  but  somewhat  expensive,  still  it  is 
strongly  to  be  recommended. 

Daffodils. 
Some  of  the  cheapest  and  most  distinct  kinds  of 
Daffodils  are  well  worth  a  trial  in  pots,  impoited  and 
well  ripened  bulbs  of  home  growth  are  to  be  relied 
upon  to  give  every  satisfaction  ;  the  more  robust 
kinds  will  not  be  so  well  adapted  to  this  mode  of 
culture  as  the  dwarfer  sorts  with  medium-sized 
Bowers. 

TuLirs. 

Where  any  large  amount  of  furnishing  has  to  be  done 
the  Due  van  Thnl  Tulips  should  be  grown  for  early 
woik.  Vermilion  Brilliant  is  now  being  used  for 
for  forcing  also,  being  found  reliable  and  of  good 
constitution,  and  possessing  finer  individual  flowers 
than  the  first-named  ;  the  Tournesols  are  still  the 
best  of  the  double  kinds.  Lilium  excelsum  and  L. 
longiflorum  are  two  most  useful  Lilies  for  pot  culture 
for  the  first  season,  then  turn  them  out  of  pot  after 
blooming. 

Miscellaneous. 

Imported  Spirsea  (Hoteia)  japonica  are  by  far  the 
best  for  early  work,  being  less  disposed  to  push  forth 
foliage  so  far  in  excess  and  advance  as  home-grown 
stock.  Schizostylis  coccinea  and  Richardia  asthiopica 
at  present  in  the  open  ground  should  be  abundantly 
supplied  with  water  during  this  long-continued  period 
of  dry  weather,  for  in  a  few  weeks  it  will  be  necessary 
to  take  them  up  for  repotting.  Bouvardias,  Salvias, 
and  Eupatoiiums  will  not  need  too  liberal  encourage- 
ment in  this  way,  a  healthy  hard  growth  being  pre- 
ferable to  a  soft  and  sappy  one.  Solanums  now 
having  set  a  good  crop  of  berries  will  need  to  be 
gone  over  carefully,  and  all  the  stronger  shoots 
pinched,  to  concentrate  all  possible  vigour  in  the 
development  of  the  fruit  ;  liberal  doses  of  water,  with 
occasional  artificial  or  other  stimulants,  will  be  neces- 
sary, where  a  heavy  crop  has  been  set  ;  should  green- 
fly attack  them  a  dusting  with  tobacco-powder  will 
set  matters  right  in  as  simple  a  manner  as  is  pos- 
sible. The  same  remedy  is  also  valuable  from  now 
for  the  Cbrysarthemums.  J.  Hudson,  Gtinnersbtiry 
House  Gardens.  Acton. 


TRANSPLAN'TING  TREES  AND  SHRUB.S. 

My  experience  of  many  years'  transplanting  work 
with  evergreen  shrubs  proves  the  advantage  of  early 
autumn  pl.^nting.  The  soil  at  this  season  has  a  higher 
temperature  duiing  the  next  two  months,  and  there 
is  more  humidity  in  the  atmosphere  than  in  the 
spring  or  during  the  winter.  I  have  always  thought  . 
trees  and  shrubs  of  all  kinds  succeed  best  when 
transplanted  in  the  months  of  September  and  October. 
The  roots  are  then  quickly  developed, 'and  the  injury 
and  check  caused  by  transplanting  are  soon  rectified, 
the  plants  becoming  re-established  before  winter  sets 
in.  Where  alterations  and  new  plantations  are  con- 
templated, every  available  means  should  be  used  to 
complete  the  work  as  early  as  possible.  Where  large 
specimen  trees  or  shrubs  have  to  be  removed, 
they  should  have  been  prepared  twelve  months  pre- 
viously by  cutting  a  trench  completely  round  and 
partially  underneath  them,  so  as  to  sever  all  the  roots 
at  a  proportionate  distance  from  the  stem,  according 
to  the  size  and  nature  of  the  tree.  Many  trees 
which  furnish  fibrous  roots  plentifully  will  succeed 
with  a  comparatively  small  ball  of  earth,  but  others, 
especially  the  Conifer.-e  and  many  tender  kinds  of 
evergreens,  require  a  larger  ball  and  greater  care  to 
ensure  success.  Great  care  and  attention  should  be 
given  by  refilling  the  trench  with  rich  li^ht  soil,  so 
that  the  trees  may  more  easily  form  a  mass  of  fresh 
roots  which  can  be  much  easier  removed  without 
injury  in  transplanting.  Having  prepared  the  trees, 
the  site  to  which  it  is  intended  to  remove  them  should 
next  be  considered.  One  thing  important  is  to  pro- 
vide thorough  drainage,  as  without  this  few  trees  or 
shrubs  will  succeed  where  the  subsoil  is  not  sufficiently 
porous.  To  prevent  water  stagnating  at  the  roots, 
drains  of  rubble  or  stones  should  be  used  for  the  pur- 
pose, about  a  foot  below  the  bottom  of  each  hole, 
and  it  is  advisable  to  get  out  good-  large  holes,  and 
as  deep  as  requisite  for  the  subjects  to  be  operated 
on.  The  soil  that  I  find  suitable  for  most  kinds  of 
trees  and  shrubs  is  a  good,  light,  turfy  loam  ;  the 
more  turf  the  better. 

Having  made  all  preparations  beforehand,  and 
having  the  proper  mechanical  arrangements  in  readi- 
ness for  conveying  the  tree  to  its  intended  position, 
care  should  be  taken  not  to  injure  the  roots  in  transit 
and  in  placing  it  again  in  postion  ;  the  roots  should 
be  laid  out  straight  at  various  level  and  afterwards 
covered  with  fine  soil,  which  should  be  well  washed 
down  with  an  abundance  of  water,  and  then  the  soil 
should  be  filled  in  and  well  rammed  and  made  quite 
firm  all  round  the  tree  ;  a  good  mulching  of  long 
manure,  5  inches  thick,  should  be  spread  over  the  sur- 
face ;  the  tree  should  be  staked  and  tied  firmly.  The 
operation  will  be  complete  if  the  above  instructions 
are  carefully  carried  out,  and  early  autumn  planting  and 
greater  care  in  the  operations  of  transplanting  trees 
and  shrubs,  will  succeed,  and  be  sure  to  give  satis- 
faction. 

Hardy  Ferneries. 

These  will  require  to  be  constantly  picked  over  for 
the  remoVfil  of  all  decayed  and  broken  fronds,  which 
are  apt  to  accumulate  at  this  season  ;  and  all  weeds 
should  be  rooted  up,  so  'as  to  keep  up  a  neat  and 
trim  appearance  as  long  as  possible  ;  and  give  a  good 
supply  of  water,  as  the  plants  will  require  it  this  hot 
dry  season. 

Carnations  and  Picotees. 
The  strongest  layers  should  now  be  potted  in  pairs 
in  5-inch  pots  in  any  good  rich  light  soil,  and  placed 
in  any  well  ventilated  pit  or  frame  through  the  winter. 
Any  root-layers  not  required  for  potting  may  be 
planted  out  on  a  raised  mound  rather  than  in  patches 
in  mixed  borders. 

Trellises  and  Walls. 
These  will  still  require  attention  ;  as  all  kinds  of 
climbers  go  out  of  flower  they  will  become  unsightly, 
and  will  require  to  be  picked  off;  all  superfluous 
growths  should  be  removed,  tying  out  the  remainder 
neatly. 

Violets. 

If  the  beds  of  Violets  which  were  placed  out  last 
May  have  been  well  supplied  with  manure  water, 
and  well  cared  for,  they  will  now  begin  to  bloom.  I 
see  my  first  bed  of  Marie  Louise  is  in  bloom,  and 
if  1  mild  winter  the  plants  will  continue  to  flower  till 
March  and  Apiil.  IVm.  Smyihe,  The  Gardens,  Basing 
Park,  Alton,  Au^.  31. 


304 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,   18 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 


(  Show    of  Grapes    and    Dahlias,    at    South 

Sept.    E 

,  J      Kensington, 
)  Royal    Horticultural   Society:    Meeting   of 

(      Fruit  and  Hlorai  Committes,  at  ii  a  m. 

(  Show   of    Royal   Caledonian    Horticullural 

(  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens"  Rooms 

(  Sale  of  Imponatations  ot  Orchids  from  Mr. 

Sept.  10 

)       F.  Sander,  at  Stevens'  Rooms 

I      Morris'  Rooms. 

\  Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 

■J      at  Prothcroe  &  Morns'  Rooms 

r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

Srpt.  12 

\  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroc  &  Morns" 

(.     Rooms. 

THE  recent  Botanical  and  Horticultural 
Congress  at  Antwerp  devoted  much  at- 
tention to  the  subject  of  the  best  methods  for 
ensuring  a  sufficient  education  for  those  who 
are  destined  to  pursue  their  calling  either  as 
gardeners  or  farmers.  With  much  judgment 
the  authorities  printed  and  circulated  before- 
hand preliminary  reports  relating  to  the  sub- 
jects proposed  to  be  discussed  at  the  Congress. 
To  one  of  these  memoirs— that  of  Professor 
KiCKX — we  have  already  alluded.  Professor 
KiCKX,  as  the  head  of  the  School  of  Horticul- 
ture at  Ghent — an  institution  to  which  we  have 
often  referred — is  in  a  position  to  speak  with 
great  authority  on  this  subject,  and  as  may  be 
seen  from  our  report  (p.  16S,  Aug.  8,  1SS5)  has 
grasped  the  necessities  of  the  case.  He  recog- 
nises the  quality  of  the  material  with  which 
he  has  to  deal,  and  the  best  methods  of  adapting 
the  instruction  given,  alike  to  the  needs  of  the 
case  and  to  the  capacity  of  the  pupil. 

It  is,  now-a-days,  generally  recognised,  that 
the  rule-of-thumb  instruction  derived  by  a  pupil 
from  the  practical  instruction  of  his  master,  and 
fiom  the  work  he  is  set  to  do,  has  reached  its 
limits.  Far  be  it  from  us  to  undervalue  what 
has  been  effected  in  this  way  by  the  accumu- 
lated teachings  of  e.xperience.  The  existing 
condition  of  practical  horticulture  in  this  country 
as  in  Belgium  bears  sufficient  testimony  in  the 
results  obtained  to  the  value  of  the  system 
heretofore  followed.  But  the  most  enthusiastic 
laudator  temporis  acti  will  admit  that  we  must 
not  stand  still.  New  circumstances  crop  up, 
conditions  alter,  and  in  view  of  these,  to 
stand  otill  is|  practically  to  retrograde.  What, 
then,  is  to  be  done .'  This  is  the  question 
which  the  Antwerp  Congress  among  other 
matters  set  itself  to  discuss.  As  to  the  pre- 
liminary education  of  the  population  in 
general,  from  which  all  classes  of  handicrafts- 
men are  to  be  drawn,  there  is  no  dispute. 
An  elementary  education  in  the  "three  R's"  is 
an  absolute  sine  quA  iion  for  gardeners  as  for 
other  members  of  the  community.  It  places 
within  the  reach  of  every  one  the  means 
of  further  advancement  which,  without  it,  is 
impossible.  So  far  all  are  agreed.  The  diffi- 
culty of  the  situation  appears  when  the  next 
stage  is  reached. 

Are  we  to  leave  the  lad  who  can  read,  write, 
and  sum,  without  education  in  his  future  pro- 
fession further  than  what  he  can  pick  up  by 
washing  pots,  thinning  Grapes,  or  pruning  Peach 
trees.'  The  horticultural  schools  of  the  Conti- 
nent proceed  on  the  notion  that  something 
more  is  required,  and  we  are  entirely  of  the 
same  opinion.  Much  of  the  time  of  the  Con- 
gress was  taken  up  with  the  question  of  botanical 
laboratories,  but  this  we  may  leave  aside.  The 
training  for  a  future  botanist  is  one  thing,  that  for 
the  man  who  has  to  get  his  living  by  the  practical 
exercise  of  his  profession  as  a  gardener  or 
a  farmer  is  another.  By  all  means  let  us  have 
the  best  equipped  laboratories  for  botanical  and 
physiological  research — by  all  means  let  us 
have  the  most  thoroughly  and  the  most  prac- 
tically educated  botanist  that  circumstances 
admit  of  ;  but  such  men  are  to  be  the  teachers 
of  the  future,  not  the  operatives.  It  is  the 
education  of  the  latter  that  we   have  here  to 


consider.  What  amount  of  scientific  knowledge 
shall  be  required  of  the  aspirants  to  the  prac- 
tical horticulture  of  the  future  ? 

In  considering  this  question  let  us  confine 
ourselves  now  strictly  to  botany  and  vegetable 
physiology.  No  one  will  deny  that  some 
amount  of  knowledge  of  these  subjects  is 
necessary — no  one  will  deny  that  the  present 
attainments  of  the  majority  fall  far  below 
what  is  really  requisite.  So  far  as  botany  is 
concerned  an  acquaintance  with  the  outward 
conformation  of  plants  in  general,  the  ilature  of 
roots,  buds,  flowers  seeds,  a  knowledge  of  the 
points  of  distinction  and  of  the  points  of  resem- 
blance between  plants  of  the  more  important 
natural  orders  of  plants,  Orchids,  Ferns,  Cruci- 
fers,  Leguminous  plants  and  the  like,  we  should 
look  on  as  absolutely  essential.  The  means  for 
obtaining  such  information  are  not  difficult  of 
access.  Materials  tor  study  are  at  hand  in 
every  garden  and  in  every  field,  books  and 
illustrations  abound,  and  the  head  gardener  or 
the  village  schoolmaster  ought  to  be  in  a  posi- 
tion readily  to  give  such  assistance  as  may  be 
necessary  to  help  the  aspirant  on  his  onward 
course. 

A  general  acquaintance  with  the  ascertained 
facts  of  vegetable  physiology  is  also  preemi- 
nently  essential.  The  acquisition  of  this  know- 
ledge by  young  gardeners  is  in  this  country  at 
present  difficult.  Botanical  text-books  are  in 
general  too  advanced  for  the  class  of  pupils  we 
have  in  view,  and  the  physiology  taught  in  gar- 
dening books  in  general,  even  in  those  which 
enjoy  the  greatest  repute,  is  miserably  inade- 
quate or  out  of  date  even  in  the  best  books,  and 
wretchedly  inferior  and  misleading  in  the  ordi- 
nary compilations  made  for  gardeners'  use.  At 
present  there  is  an  interval  between  the  high- 
water  mark  of  advanced  physiology  and  the 
ebb  tide  of  the  general  run  of  gardening 
books  which  makes  one  shudder  to  contem- 
plate. It  would  be  absurd  and  futile  to  attempt 
to  educate  gardeners  and  farmers  up  to  the 
high-water  mark  we  have  mentioned — that  will 
come  in  the  future  ;  for  the  present  we  must 
be  content  with  a  more  moderate  programme, 
convinced,  as  we  are,  that  the  highest  point 
reached  to-day  will  become  the  low-level  of  a 
future  generation.  For  the  present  we  must 
deem  ourselves  fortunate  if  the  merest  rudi- 
ments of  vegetable  physiology  can  be  instilled 
into  the  young  gardeners  we  have  to  deal  with. 
But  in  this  country  the  means  of  obtaining  even 
the  rudiments  of  physiology  are  very  deficient. 
We  arequiteawarethat  here  and  there  pupils  may 
be  so  fortunate  as  to  be  able  to  attend  a  few  lec- 
tures and  demonstrations  ;  but  such  opportunities 
are  few,  and  not  within  the  reach  of  the  majority. 
To  give  some  precision  to  our  remarks,  we 
would  point  out  the  necessity  that  exists  for 
giving  the  cultivators  of  the  future  some  prac- 
tical acquaintance  with  elemental  facts  of 
vegetable  life. 

A  few  simple  experiments  carefully  explained 
would  show  the  pupil  how  water  is  absorbed  by 
the  roots, and  what  are  the  consequences  of  with- 
holding it.  The  effects  of  preventing  the  access 
of  light,  as  shown  in  the  blanching  of  Celery, 
might  bt,  accentuated  by  the  very  simple  means 
requisite  to  show  the  presence  or  absence  of 
starch  in  the  tissues.  To  talk  of  chlorophyll 
and  of  starch  is  one  thing — actually  to  show  their 
importance  to  the  health  of  the  plant,  their  mode 
of  formation,  and  the  way  to  prevent  or  to  pro- 
mote it,  is  quite  another,  and  so  far  there  is  no 
difficulty — any  schoolmaster  or  foreman  gar- 
dener could  perform  the  simple  experiments 
needed,  or,  better  still,  teach  the  pupils  to  do 
them  for  themselves.  So,  too,  the  effects  of  tem- 
perature, as  seen  in  the  process  of  germination, 
the  way  in  which  plants  derive  sustenance  from 
the  air  or  from  the  soil,  the  manner  in  whicn 
they  breathe,  and  the  consequences  of  these  pro- 
cesses— the  different  modes  of  life  of  plants  with 
chorophll,  and  ot  plants,  like  Mushrooms,  des- 
titute of  this  substance,  can  all  be  made  mani- 


fest by  the  simplest  and  easiest  experiments, 
with  no  more  elaborate  apparatus  than  a  glass 
jar,  a  few  tubes,  and  a  solution  of  iodine. 

Facts  of  this  character,  which  form  the  very 
basis  of  physiology,  and  lie  at  the  very  root  of 
all  cultural  processes,  can  be  demonstrated 
easily,  and  brought  home  to  all  minds,  not 
excepting  the  very  dullest.  It  is  not  book 
knowledge  that  is  wanted — that  is  only  a  second- 
ary matter,  it  is  actual  practical  knowledge 
gained  by  the  pupil  himself,  as  it  may  readily 
be  with  the  slightest  modicum  of  assistance. 

A  knowledge  of  general  principles  thus  prac- 
tically obtained  is  every  bit  as  valuable  as  an 
adequate  knowledge  of  the  use  of  tools,  and  there 
is  no  more  difficulty  in  obtaining  the  one  than 
there  is  in  familiarising  one's  self  with  the  other. 
It  is  not  lectures,  we  repeat,  it  is  not  even  de- 
monstrations that  are  of  first  importance — these 
have  their  value,  but  it  is  distinctly  and  decidedly 
less  than  the  practical  knowledge  obtained  by  a 
man's  own  exertions  with  his  own  eyes  and  hands. 
We  state  these  things  without  fear  of  denial 
— they  are  self  evident.  The  corollary  is 
that  all  young  men  destined  for  the  prac- 
tical professions  of  gardening  and  farming 
should  have  the  opportunity  of  learning  for 
themselves,  not  cramming  from  a  text-book, 
such  elementary  facts  of  vegetable  physiology  as 
circumstances  permit  and  these,  as  we  have 
seen,  are  not  burdensome  as  to  number  while 
their  importance  is  cardinal. 


Trachvcarpus  (Cham.-erops)   Fortunei. 

— The  illustration  at  fig.  65  shows  a  plant  of  this 
Palm  which  is  now  in  flower  in  the  garden  of 
J.  Snowdon  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Bonchurch,  Isle  of 
Wight.  The  flowering  of  such  a  plant  in  the  open 
air  is  always  a  matter  of  interest,  but  it  is  not  very 
uncommon.  We  have  notes  of  the  plant  flowering  at 
Kew  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  and  repeatedly  since 
that  time.  A  correspondent  in  the  South  of  Ireland 
speaks  of  T.  excelsa  as  flowering  in  the  open  air,  in 
1S78.  At  p.  216  of  our  issue  for  August  15  Mr.  Wild- 
smith  alludes  to  the  two  fine  specimens  (figured  in 
our  columns  in  vol.  xv.,  Jan.  1,  iSSi)  which  were 
planted  in  1S69,  and  which  in  iSSi  had  attained  a 
height  of  12  feet,  with  a  girth  of  3  feet  8  inches  at 
3  feet  above  the  ground.  Mr.  Wildsmith  says  these 
plants  have  never  failed  to  throw  up  flowering 
spathes  for  the  last  fourteen  years,  and  as  one 
plant  is  a  male  and  the  other  a  female,  young 
plants  have  been  obtained.  The  lleckfield  plants 
are  not  protected  in  any  way,  but  those  at  Kew  and  at 
Gunnersbury  Park  receive  the  protection  of  a  mat  in 
winter.  The  tree  in  question  was  introduced  from 
Northern  China  by  Robert  Fortune.  There  is  but 
little  difference  between  T.  Fortunei  and  T,  excelsa  ; 
but  Fortune's  Palm,  or  the  Chusan  Palm,  as  it  is 
called,  is,  as  pointed  out  by  Count  Oswald  de 
Kerchove,  the  hardier  and  more  robust  of  the  two, 
with  long,  thicker  leaf-stalks,  and  with  the  divisions 
of  the  leaf  broader.  In  our  number  for  May  17,  1879, 
will  be  found  a  useful  note  on  the  cultivation  of  this 
Palm,  which  the  writer  finds  perfectly  hardy. 

Cones. — The  present  seems  to  have  been  a 

propitious  season  for  the  production  and  ripening  of 
cones,  Mr.  Christy  sends  us  splendid  specimens  of 
Lebanon  Cedar,  Lawson  Cypress,  Chinese  Juniper, 
Thuiopsis  dolabrata,  which  hitherto  has  not  often 
produced  cones  in  this  country,  but  which  may  now 
be  expected  to  do  so  freely.  Mr.  Webster  sends  us 
from  Penrhyn  cones  of  Picea  Morinda,  Abies  Pinsapo, 
Cunninghamia  lanceolata.  Seeds  of  Conifers  ought 
to  be  plentiful  this  season,  but  not  necessarily  so,  for 
if  the  male  flowers  have  not  been  formed,  as  is  often 
the  case  in  young  trees,  of  course  the  seeds  will  not 
be  formed,  even  although  the  cones  may  be  well 
formed.  This  is  the  case  this  year  with  Picea  AI- 
cockiana  in  our  own  garden. 

Botanical    Appointments.  —  Professor 

Delpino,  lately  of  Genoa,  has  been  appointed 
Professor  of  Botany  and  Director  of  the  Botanic 
Garden  at  Bologna. — Professor  Warming  has  been 
recalled  from  Stockholm  to  undertake  the  Professor- 
ship of  Botany  and  the  Directorship  [of  the  Botanic 
Garden  at  Copenhagen. 

A  Chrysanthemum  Show  at  Chiswick. 

— Some  time  during  the  month  of  November  next  a 
show  of  Chrysanthemums,  as  cut  blooms  only,  will 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


305 


be  held  in  the  Vestry  Hall,  in  connection  with  the 
Chiswick  Horticultural  Society.  It  is  many  years 
since  Chiswick,  so  famous  forits  exhibitions  in  another 
place,  has  had  a  show  of  Chrysanthemums,  and  we 
hope  the  promoters  of  the  enterprise  will  reap  a  good 
reward  for  their  endeavours. 

The    Harvest   in    the    Lothians. — We 

bear  that  splendid  harvest  weather  has  been  expe- 
rienced, and  that  the  crops  are  turning  out  decidedly 
better  than  they  have  done  for  the  last  decade. 

- — ■  "Familiar  Trees." — The  second  part  of 
Ibis  new  illustrated  periodical,  published  by  Messrs. 
Cassell,  is   devoted    to   the   wild  Cherry,    Prunus 


he  was  the  first  to  introduce  from  the  East  into 
France.  The  Bcls^iquc  Horticolc  publishes  a  portrait 
and  biographical  notice  of  this  pioneer  of  horticulture, 
little  known  to  his  compatriots  and  still  less  known 
on  this  side  of  the  Channel, 

Ceylon  Plants. — A  systematic  catalogue  of 

the  flowering  plants  and  Ferns  of  Ceylon  has  been 
published  by  Messrs.  DuLAU  &  Co.  for  Dr.  Trimen. 
This  must  needs  be  a  very  useful  publication. 

Montreal  Botanic  Garden. — It  is  pro- 
posed to  establish  a  botanic  garden  in  the  vicinity  of 
this  city.  Seventy-five  acres  of  land  in  a  suitable 
situation  have  been  selected.     A  botanic  garden  now- 


country,  it  would  be  an  immense  advantage  to  be 
able  to  study  in  the  class-room  the  whole  of  its  life- 
history,  as  Mr.  WORTHINGTON  Smith  seems  to  have 
done." 

American    Forestry    Congress.  —  The 

American  P'orestry  Congress  holds  its  fifth  annual  meet- 
ing in  Boston,  September  22,  23  and  24.  The  Mas- 
sachusetts Horticultural  Society  has  invited  the 
Congress  to  occupy  Horticultural  Hall  during  its 
sessions, 

New  Species  of  Spruce. — Since  the  list  of 

trees  was  published  in  the  American  Census  Forestry 
Report,  a  new  species  of  Spruce,  named  after  Professor 


Fig.  65.— flower  of  trachycarpus  (chaM/Erops)  fortunei,  the  hardy  Chinese  palm,     (see  r.  304) 


avium.  Mr.  Boulger  knows  how  to  write  pleasantly 
without  sacrifice  of  accuracy — a  matter  of  extreme 
importance. 

Pierre  Belon. — It  is  proposed  to  erect  a 

statue  to  Pierre  Belon  at  Mans.  Belon  was  the 
contemporary  of  DoDOENS  and  De  l'Escluse, 
having  been  born  near  Mans  in  1517.  In  1546  he 
undertook  a  long  voyage  in  the  Levant,  Egypt,  Pales- 
tine, &c.,  which  enabled  him  to  publish  his  "  Obser- 
vations," not  only  on  natural  history,  but  on  archae- 
ology, and  the  religous  and  moral  features  of  the 
countries  he  traversed.  In  1557  he  visited  Italy, 
Savoy,  Dauphiny,  Auvergne,  &c.  At  Touvoie,  near 
Mans,  he  established  under  the  patronage  of  Rene 
DU  Bellay,  Bishop  of  Mans,  the  first  French 
botanic  garden.  In  1558,  twenty-five  years  belore  its 
introduction  into  England,  Belon  had  the  Cedar  of 
Lebanon  in  cultivation,  as  well  as  the  Plane,  which 


4-days  requires  to  be  an  experimental  garden— experi- 
mental, that  is,  both  from  the  point  of  view  of  pure 
science  and  of  practical  utility.  We  earnestly  wish 
the  promoters  success. 

Sclerotia  of  Pencillum.— On  this  subject 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer  writes  : — "  I  am  sure 
that  many  persons  besides  myself  who  are  interested 
in  the  life  histories  of  typical  fungi  would  be  very 
much  indebted  to  Mr.  Worthington  Smith  if  he 
would  describe  with  as  much  detail  as  possible  the 
mode  in  which  he  has  been  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain 
these  curious  structures.  The  directions  given  by 
Brefeld  have  been  repeatedly  followed  by  Dr. 
Vines  and  myself,  but  without  success,  and  I  under- 
stood from  Professor  De  Bary  that  there  is  no 
method  which  can  certainly  be  depended  upon  for 
obtaining  them.  As  Penicillum  is  now  generally  in- 
cluded   in    courses  of    elementary    biology   in    this 


Brewer  of  Yale  College,  Picea  Breweriana,  has  been 
discovered  in  the  Siskiyon  Mountains.  It  grows 
high  up  toward  the  timber  line,  attains  a  height  of 
100  feet,  has  long  drooping  branchlets,  like  some 
Norway  Spruces,  and  is  altogether  distinct  and  strik- 
ing in  appearance. 

A  Bit  of  Realism. — It  is  stated  that  at  the 

performance  of  As  You  Like  It,  at  Strat(ord-on-Avon 
recently,  under  the  auspices  of  Miss  Mary  Ander- 
son, the  Turnip  eaten  by  Audrey  in  the  course  of 
the  play,  was  procured  from  the  garden  of  ANNE 
Hathaway's  cottage.  Canon  Ellacombe  thinks 
the  Turnips  of  Shakespeare's  time  were  like  ours 
"and  probably  as  good,"  a  statement  that  would  be 
vigorously  challenged  by  the  great  seed-houses.  At 
any  rate  we  have  no  record  in  Shakespeare  of  <»o  or 
other  curiosities  in  the  way  o(  Turnip  seed.  The  old 
name  for  Turnips  was  notp  or  neeps,  a  term  still  used  in 


3o5 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  iSSj, 


Scotland,  and  which  is  clearly  a  derivative  from  the  Latin 
nafus,  while  Turnipis  "the corruption  ol tc-mr  ttapiis." 
The  only  passage  relating  to  Turnips  cited  by  Canon 
Ellacombe  is  one  from  the  Merry  IVwes  of  ll/'inJsor, 
where  Anne  Page  is  made  to  say,  "Alas!  I  had 
rather  be  set  quick  i'  the  earth,  and  boul'd  to  death 
with  Turnips  "  (Ad  ii.,  sc.  4). 

"  Dictionary  of  the  Names  of  British 

Plants  "  (Bailliere,  Tindall  &  Cox).— Under 
this  title  Mr.  Henry  Purefoy  Fitzgerald  has 
prepared  a  hardy  little  book  "  intended  for 
the  use  of  amateurs  and  beginners  as  a  help  to 
the  knowledge  of  the  meaning  and  pronunciation 
of  the  scientitic  names  of  British  wild  flowers." 
The  book  is  likely  to  be  very  serviceable,  and  has 
been  carefully  compiled.  We  miss  the  word  "  Aqui- 
legia  "  altogether,  and  we  do  not  understand  why  the 
first  o  in  Eriophorus  is  marked  long,  or  why  the  g  in 
Potamogeton  is  given  as  soft.  Spathulata  would  be 
more  correctly  spelt  spatulata.  But  in  a  book  of  this 
character  slips  of  this  description  are  sure  to  occur. 

Just     One     Book.  —  We   have   received 

from  Emma  S.  Busk,  Honorary  Secretary,  Literature 
Distribution  Branch,  Kyrle  Society,  14,  Nottingham 
Place,  W.,  the  following  appeal.  The  lady  will 
also  furnish  further  particulars  to  any  address  : — 

"  Will  you  spare  a  few  lines  in  your  widely  read  paper 
to  plead  with  the  tourist  readers  in  behalf  of  the  stay-at- 
homes  who  have  no  books  to  read?  At  this  season 
many  interesting  and  amusing  woiks  are  purchased  at 
railway  bookstalls,  and  thrown  aside  after  having 
served  for  the  recreation  of  a  few  hours'  journey.  These 
would  be  greatly  valued  by  the  sick,  the  poor,  the  old 
and  infirm  who  have  few  pleasures  but  reading.  The 
Kyrle  Society,  14,  Notdngham  Place.  \V.,  will  take 
charge  (through  tlieir  Hon.  Sec.  of  the  Literature  Dis- 
tribution Branch)  of  any  books  sent,  and  will  see  that 
they  reach  an  appropriate  haven  either  in  hospitals, 
infirmaries,  workhouses,  boys'  or  men's  clubs,  or  where- 
ever  they  may  be  wanted.  The  applications  far  exceed 
the  supply  already.  Magazines,  whether  of  general 
interest  or  ol  a  technical  character,  such  as  the  medical 
or  engineering.  &c..  periodicals,  are  specially  acceptable. 
I  will  not  trespass  on  your  space  ;  those  that  enjoy 
reading  will,  I  am  sure,  hke  to  help  us,  and  will  all  (if 
they  can  do  no  more)  send  us  just  one  book." 

The  Rowe  Orphan   Fund. — The  sum  of 

£^^  y.  6,/.,  sent  to  this  office  for  the  benefit  of  the 
orphan  children  of  the  late  Mr.  Kowe,  who  were  left 
in  a  destitute  condition,  has  been  handed  over  to  the 
Rev.  F.  S.Thornton,  St. Sepulchre's,  Northampton. 
Mr.  Thornton  has  also  received  ,^4  16/.  61/.,  sent 
direct  to  him  for  the  same  purpose.  Of  subscriptions 
not  previously  acknowledged  we  have  to  add  51. 
from  Mr.  William  Rayson,  and  2s.  dd.  from  Mr. 
G.  Potts.     These  are  included  in  the  above  total. 

An  Exhibition  of  Grapes.— The  special 

exhibition  of  Grapes  announced  by  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  to  be  held  in  the  conservatory,  on 
Tuesday  and  Wednesday  next,  promises  to  be  one  of 
great  interest  to  Grape  growers  of  all  classes.  There 
is  the  charm  of  novelty  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
classes  at  this  show,  that  in  the  first  place  attracts  our 
attention.  Instead  of  the  usual  prizes  for  collections 
of  so  many  varieties  of  Grapes,  the  competition  for 
which  is  necessarily  restricted  to  a  few  large  growers, 
and  which  as  a  matter  of  course  always  includes  the 
most  showy  and  attractive,  if  not  the  most  useful  sorts, 
prizes  are  here  offered  for  all  the  leading  varieties 
separately,  so  that  each  sort  will  be  examined  on  its 
own  merits.  In  all,  twenty-six  varieties  are  invited 
as  follows,  viz.  :— Alicante,  Alnwick  Seedling,  Black 
Hamburgh,  Black  Prince,  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
Duke  of  Buccleuch,  Dutch  Hamburgh,  Dr.  Hogg, 
Foster's  White  Seedling,  Golden  Queen,  Gros  Col- 
mar,  Gros  Guillaurae  or  Barbarossa,  Gros  Maroc, 
Lady  Downe's  Seedling,  Madresfield  Court,  Mrs, 
Pearson,  Mrs.  Pince,  Mill  Hill  Hamburgh,  Muscat 
Champion,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria, Raisin  de  Calabre,  Royal  Muscadine, 
Trebbiano,  West's  St.  Peter,  White  Tokay, 
making  twenty-six  classes,  and  one  more  for  "  any 
other  variety,"  whatever  that  may  prove  to  be. 
It  is  a  matter  for  speculation  already -as  to  what  other 
variety  there  may  be  really  worthy  of  cultivation. 
Wemaynamethefollowing  aslikelytobe  included,  viz  , 
Black  Monukka,  Canon  Hall  Muscat,  Grizzly  J" rontig- 
nan,  Trenlham  Black,  Black  Morocco,  Aramon,  Royal 
Ascot,  &c.  Should  the  competition  prove  at  all  equal  t  j 
what  we  anticipate,  this  meeting  should  prove  one  of  the 


most  interesting  that  has  yet  been  held.  No  better 
opportunity  has  ever  been  afforded  of  seeing  so  many 
varieties  in  competition  together  or  of  gaining  infor- 
mation as  to  their  distinctive  merits.  The  season 
being  a  late  one,  many  varieties  it  is  feared  may  not 
be  q  lile  ripe,  which  is  a  slight  drawback.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  twenty-seven  classes  enumerated,  there 
are  Ihe  prizes  offered  by  Mr.  Roui'ELL  for  varieties 
of  the  somewhat  neglected  Frontignan,  and  Mes-rs. 
Webber's  prizes  for  Grapes  properly  pac'^ed  ; 
Messrs.  Lane  &  Sons,  Berkhamstead,  have  signified 
their  intention  to  exhibit  examples  of  their  wonderful 
Vines  in  pots,  and  we  are  also  promised  a  consign- 
ment of  Grapes  from  Southern  Germany. 

Scottish  Apple  and  Pear  Congress. — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society,  held  on  August  14,  it  was 
resolved  to  hold  a  Special  Exhibition  and  Con- 
ference on  Apples  and  Pears,  in  connection  with  the 
Society's  winter  show,  in  the  Waverley  Market, 
Edinburgh,  on  November  25  and  26. 

"  While  collections  of  Apples  and  Pears  are  solicited 
from  all  parts,  for  comparison  and  instruction,  the  chief 
object  of  the  Conference  is  to  utilise  the  favourable 
opportunitypresentedby  the  tine  crop  this  year,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  gaining  information  about  the  .Apples  and  Pears 
grown  in  Scotland,  comparing  their  merits  and  correct- 
ing their  nomenclature.  All  fruit  growers,  especi- 
ally in  Scotland,  are  therefore  invited  to  send  as  com- 
plete collections  as  possible  of  the  .\pples  and  Pears 
grown  in  their  district  ;  and  as  the  object  is  solely  edHca- 
tional,  there  will  be  no  competition  and  no  prizes.  It  is 
not  necessary  that  the  fruit  should  be  grown  by  the 
sender. 

"  No  limit  will  be  put  upon  the  number  of  kinds 
which  any  contributor  may  desire  to  send  ;  but  the 
number  of  each  variety  should  be  from  two  to  four, 
according  to  circumstances.  The  Council  are  anxious 
to  procure  as  complete  representations  as  possible  of  the 
Apples  and  Pears  grown  in  each  district,  and  each 
variety  should  be  distinctly  labelled,  with  the  name  or 
names  under  which  it  is  grown  in  the  locality.  It  is  also 
most  desirable  that  each  collection  be  accompanied 
by  all  the  information  possible  about  the  climate,  altitude, 
exposure,  soil,  stocks,  method  of  cultivation,  and  other 
particulars,  which  will  be  of  much  value  to  the  committee 
in  drawing  up  their  report.  For  this  purpose  forms  will 
be  supplied  on  application  to  the  Secretary. 

"The  specimens  being  strictly  for  examination  and 
instruction,  they  must  necessarily  be  at  the  disposal  of 
the  Council  where  required. 

"  Intending  exhibitors  must  give  notice  to  the  Secretary 
or  Assistant-Secretary,  in  writing,  not  later  than  Monday. 
November  16,  stating  the  number  of  varieties  to  be 
exhibited,  and  the  amount  of  space  that  will  be  required. 
Collections  of  fruit  may  be  consigned  to  Mr.  William 
Young.  Assistant-Secretary.  18,  Waverley  Market, 
Edinburgh,  and  delivered  there  on  or  before  l-'riday. 
November  20,  The  Council  will  pay  the  carriage  of 
fruit  and  take  all  possible  care  of  it,  and  will  also  see 
that  it  is  properly  staged  for  the  inspection  of  the 
committee  ;  but  they  will  not  be  held  responsible  for 
any  error,  damage,  or  loss  of  any  fruit  consigned  to 
them.  Exhibitors  staging  their  own  fruit  can  do  so  on 
Tuesday,  November  24  ;  and  all  must  be  staged  and  the 
hall  cleared  for  the  committee  by  10  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  Wednesday,  November  25. 

'  *  Each  exhibitor  will  receive  free  tickets  of  admission  to 
the  exhibition  for  himself  and  such  number  of  assistants 
as  Ihe  Council  nay  deem  necessary." 

A    Mammoth   Preserve   Factory. —  We 

are  informed  that  Mr.  W.M.  P.  Hartley,  who  has 
earned  a  high  reputation  in  Liverpool  and  throughout 
the  kingdom  for  the  manufacture  of  preserves,  has 
succeeded  in  purchasing  a  farm  of  47  acres,  about 
four  miles  north  of  Liverpool  Exchange,  and  about 
two  miles  irom  his  present  premises.  On  this  farm 
Mr.  Hartley  intends  to  erect  new  works,  which,  when 
completed,  will  be  capable  of  producing  100  tons  of 
preserves  per  day. 

Miss  Wilkinson,  who  is  the  lady  gardener 

of  the  Metropolitan  Girdens  Association,  may  be 
congratulated,  says  the  QuecJi^  upon  the  taste  she  has 
displayed  in  laying  out  the  little  garden  of  Trafalgar- 
square,  Mile-end  Old  Town.  She  has  transformed 
the  spot  that  was  once  a  square  of  rank  grass  and 
mouldering  tombstones,  into  an  oasis  of  flower-beds 
and  trim  paths.  Her  idea  is  to  light  the  gardens 
after  dusk  with  Chinese  lanterns,  and  bring  into  the 
grimy  East-end  quarter  a  glimpse  of  the  charm  of 
twinkling  many-coloured  lights,  such  as  attract,  on  a 
larger  scale,  the  habitues  of  the  Inventories  at  South 
Kensington.      Another  lady,   Miss    Isabel  Glad- 


stone, as  hon.  sec.  of  the  Association,  does  good 
work  in  the  cause  of  redeeming  open  spaces  for  the 
people.  Both  ladies  work  "  for  love,"  and  deserve 
the  gratitude  of  many  dwellers  in  over-crowded 
rooms. 

The  Turner  MtMorvi.VL.- This  has  been  so 

favourably  received  that  the  promoters  have  now  only 
to  join  their  forces  and  apply  themselves  to  the 
administrative  business  to  be  assured  of  complete 
success.  The  exhibitions  have  until  no*  prevented 
any  general  action,  but  it  is  intended  to  hold  a 
meeting  on  the  subject  on  Tuesday  next,  immedi- 
ately on  the  conclusion  of  the  business  of  the  Floral 
Committee.  Intending  subscribers  may  send  their 
subscriptions  direct  to  the  Treasurer,  H.  M.  Pollett, 
Esq.,  Fernside,  Bickley,  Kent;  or  to  the  Secretary, 
Mr.  James  Douglas,  Great  Geaiies,  Ilford. — A 
general  meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Conservatory  at 
South  Kensington  on  September  S,  at  12  30  P.M., 
to  appoint  a  sub-committee  to  manage  the  details  of 
the  "Memorial,"  and  to  consider  a  circular  that  has 
been  prepared  for  distribution. 

Tropical  Fkuits  at  Cherkley  Court.— 

In  one  of  the  fruit-houses  of  the  particularly  interest- 
ing garden  at  Cherkley  Court,  near  Leatherhead,  a 
Pomegranate  is  now  ripening  some  ten  or  a  dozen  of 
its  fruit.  This  is  certainly  an  unusual  occurrence. 
Tropical  fruits  form  a  feature  here,  for  in  addition  to 
Bananas  Mr.  DixoN  grows  the  big-fruited  Passiflora 
macrocarpa,  so  very  distinct  from  P.  quadrangularis, 
the  Water  Lemon  ;  Passiflora  laurifolia,  ihe  Loquat, 
while  the  Shaddock  covers  a  back  wall  with  its  rich 
foliage  and  abundant  fruit.  The  Orange  trees  planted 
out  have  that  rich  black-green  foliage  which  is  50 
conspicuous  in  the  Orange  gardens  of  the  Rivieira,  but 
which  is  so  seldom  seen  in  the  case  of  plants  grown  in 
tubs. 

Ny.mi'H.ea  r.ANZiiiARENSis  is  doubtless  the 

richest  in  colour  of  all  the  blue  Nymphasas.  Its  dark 
blue  or  purple  flowers  are  singularly  beautiful  and 
fragrant.  While  comparatively  few  can  find  room 
for  the  Victoria  many  might  grow  the  Nymphreis, 
than  which  a  more  beautiful  set  of  plants  does  not 
exist.  At  Cherkley  Court  not  only  is  the  Victoria 
grown  in  a  specially  provided  tank,  already  figured 
by  us,  but  various  Nymphasis  are  grown  in  a  separate 
tank  of  dimensions  that  would  not  alarm  those  who 
have  comparatively  little  space  at  command. 

Nettles  for  Stock.— The  system  of  ensi 

lage  has  been  found  to  render  even  Nettles  fit  for 
food,  as  we  learn  that  Vicomte  Chezelles,  the 
French  nobleman  who  gave  evidence  before  the 
Ensilage  Commission,  is  accustomed  to  place  large 
quantities  of  Nettles  in  his  silo,  and  states  that  the 
silage  they  yield  is  not  only  highly  nutritive,  but  that 
the  stock  eat  it  readily. 

Seed  Adulteration.— Wiih  reference    to 

our  article  on  this  subject  on  August  22,  Messrs. 
HURST  &  Son,  152,  Iloundsditch,  London,  have 
offered  a  reward  of  ^'lo  to  be  paid  to  any  one  giving 
such  information  as  will  lead  to  the  conviction  of  the 
parties  engaged  in  this  practice, 

Camphor    in    China.  —  Reporting  on  the 

trade  of  Tamsin,  China,  the  Commissioner  of  Customs 
says  that  the  trade  in  camphor  is  represented  in  che 
returns  by  such  an  insignificant  figure  that  there  is 
great  fear  of  its  total  extinction  in  the  near  future. 
The  immediate  cause  of  its  rapid  collapse'  may  be 
traced  to  the  eagerness  of  the  Chinese  to  acquire,  by 
all  possible  means,  as  much  territory  as  possible. 
During  the  last  three  years  hills  thickly  wooded  with 
camphor  trees  have  been  burned  over  by  the  Chinese, 
in  order  to  compel  the  savages  to  withdraw.  Destruc- . 
tion  on  so  large  a  scale  naturally  tells  on  the  cam- 
phor trade.  Forests  of  camphor  trees  do  still  exist 
further  inland,  but  the  absence  of  all  beaten  tracks 
across  the  mountains  renders  them  difficult  of  access. 

Gardening   Appointments.  — Mr.   John 

Davies,  late  Foreman,  Woodland's  Castle,  Dublin, 
has  teen  appointed  as  Gardener  toA.  O.  Walker, 
Esq.,  Chester.— Mr.  J.  W.  Sedgley,  late  Gardener 
to  Lord  Coleridge, 'Heaths  Court,  OtteiySt.  Mary, 
Devonshire,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Walter 
Holland,  Esq-,  Rose  Hill,  Worcester.— Mr.  James 
Myers,  late  Foreman  at  Grove  Park,  Watford, 
Herts,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  the  Eatl  of 
Sandwich,  Hinchingbrook,  Huntingdon. 


SEPTEMr.EIl   5,    I8S5.] 


rnB     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


307 


TERRESTRIAL   ORCHIDS    OF 

SOUTH   AFRICA. 

CoKt  nual  from  p.  .33) 

Kui.Oi'iliA. — Sepals  oblong  or  lanceolate.  Petals 
similar  to  the  sepals,  but  usually  broader.  L-ibellum 
saccale  or  spurred  at  the  base,  more  or  less  j-lobed, 
with  keels  and  crests  down  the  middle.  Pollen 
masses  two,  waxy, 

A  large  genus  of  terrestrial  pseudobulhous  plants, 
dispersed  through  India,  Malaya,  Australia,  Polynesia, 
Tropical  and  South  Africa,  Madagascar,  and  Brazil. 
Some  few  are  pretty  species,  others  are  dull  coloured 
and  unattractive.  Some  flower  with  the  leaves,  others 
before  the  leaves  appear.  The  leaves  are  equitant, 
plaited  or  rigid,  and  many  nerved,  and  the  flowers 
are  pedicillate.  The  following  are  about  the  best  of 
the  South  African  species  : — 

E.  barbata^  Spreng. — In  habit  and  general  appear- 
ance this  resembles  E.  Dregeana  (which  see),  but  the 
flowers  are  only  about  half  the  size  of  that  species, 
the  narrow,  oblong,  lanceolate  acute  sepals  and 
broader  oblong  obtuse  petals  being  but  halt  an  inch 
long;  and  the  front  lobe  of  the  lip  is  roundish,  and 
there  are  fewer  crests  on  it  ;  the  spur  is  slender,  and 
about  2  lines  long,  not  clavate.  The  flowers  are  said 
to  be  whitish.  This  grows  in  grassy  places  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Cape  Colony,  up  to  an  elevation  of 
4500  feet,  and  flowers  in  December. 

E.  cochlcariSy  Lindl. — Similar  to  E.  tristis  in  foliage 
and  habit,  and  with  panicled  flowers,  but  the  flowers 
are  smaller,  the  labellum  has  the  front  part  concave 
with  crimped  edges,  giving  it  a  shell-like  appearance  ; 
the  colour  is  said  to  be  brown  and  yellow.  This 
species  ranges  from  near  Cape  Town,  as  far  eastwards 
as  Graham's  Town  ;  growing  in  sandy,  grassy  places 
up  to  an  attitufle  of  2000  feet,  flowering  in  November 
and  March,  according  to  collector's  labels. 

E.  Dre^eanat  Lindl. — Leaves  6  —  12  inches  long, 
i  inch  broad,  recurving.  Flower  stem  a  foot  high, 
arising  at  the  side  of  the  leaves,  clothed  with  5  —  6 
acuminate  sheaths.  Bracts  lanceolate  acute.  Flowers 
in  a  rather  close  raceme,  large,  according  to  Mr. 
Cooper  *'  pinkish- white,  beautiful."  The  three- 
lubed  lip  has  the  front  lobe  subrectangular,  and  the 
side  lobes  rounded  ;  there  are  about  seven  callus- 
ridges  on  the  basal  part  of  the  lip,  the  five  central 
ones  being  cut  into  filamentous  teeth  on  the  front 
lobe  ;  the  spur  is  barely  \  inch  long,  and  clavate.  It 
is  a  native  of  the  Transvaal  and  Orange  Free  State, 
flowering  in  December. 

E.  cfisafa,  Lindl.  — Leaves  A  foot  or  more  long, 
grass-like.  Flower-stem  as  long  as  the  leaves,  and 
apparently  arising  at  the  side  of  them,  clothed  with 
4—5  long  acuminate  sheaths.  Flower-spike  con- 
tracted and  somewhat  corymbose  at  first.  Bracts 
linear  acuminate  ;  flowers  large,  "  primrose-yellow  ; ' 
the  sepals  and  petals  are  about  J  inch  loiig,  oblong- 
lanceolate  acute  ;  labellum  oblong,  very  obtuse, 
sparsely  ciliate  on  the  edges,  and  the  whole  upper 
surface  covered  with  fine  hair-like  processes  ;  spur 
I  inch  long.  This  grows  in  Natal  and  on  sandy 
flats  near  the  sea  in  the  district  of  Lower  Albany.  It 
appears  to  be  a  fine  showy  species,  flowering  from 
October  to  December. 

E.  tristis^  Spreng. — Leaves  narrow,  rigid,  folded 
lengthwise,  margins  rough.  Flower-stem  arising 
from  amidst  the  leaves,  1—2  feet  high,  panicled. 
Bracts  linear  acuminate.  Pedicels,  including  the 
ovary,  6  —  10  lines  long.  Flowers  about  A  inch  in 
diameter,  "  brown  and  white,"  spur  short,  l^ — 2  lines 
long,  slightly  clavate.  This  appears  to  be  a  common 
species,  with  a  tolerably  wide  range,  since  it  is  found 
on  Table  Mountain  at  about  1400  feet  elevation  ; 
near  Simon's  Bay,  and  in  the  eastern  districts  of  Cape 
Colony.  It  flowers  in  December  and  January.  The 
fljwers  are  very  numerous,  in  large  panicles ;  the 
sepals  and  petals  appear  to  be  brownish,  and  the  lip 
whitish,  and,  if  not  too  dull  coloured,  ought  to  be 
an  ornamental  plant. 

Madenaria. 
Sepals  and  petals  nearly  alike,  or  the  petals  narrow, 
and  sometimes  2-parted,  ail  converging  over  the 
column,  or  the  lateral  sepals  spreading  or  reflexed. 
Labellum  3— 5-lobed,  or  entire,  spurred  or  saccate. 
A  large  and  widely  dispersed  genus.  The  flowers 
are  very  variable  in  size  and  form  ;  in  colour  they  are 
most  generally  white  or  greenish  ;  some  of  them  are 
very  beautiful,  others  insignificant.  The  following 
are  among  the  best  of  the  South  African  species, 
alihough  there  are  several  others  equally  fine  ;  but  I 


have  no  information  concerning  them   that  would  be 
useful  to  a  gardener. 

H.  cassidea,  Rchb.  f. — Stem  I  foot  or  more  high, 
with  strap-shaped  acute  leaves,  2h  —  6  inches  long, 
the  upper  ones  much  smaller.  Raceme  4—5  inches 
long,  and  rather  dense.  Bracts  lanceolate  acuminate, 
f  inch  long.  Flowers  I  inch  in  diameter,  milk-white, 
with  pale  green  sepals  and  spur  ;  dorsal  sepal  hood- 
shaped,  acute  ;  lateral  sepals  semi-elliptic  acute,  their 
upper  edges  straight,  their  lower  strongly  curved  ; 
petals  narrow  linear,  slightly  adhering  to  the  edges 
of  the  dorsal  sepal,  and  with  it  forming  the  hood  ; 
labellum  apparently  5  lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  fal- 
cately  oblong,  the  middle  one  narrow-linear,  the  two 
seemingly  basal  lobes  of  the  lip  are  the  two  lower 
segments  of  the  petals,  adnate  to  the  lip  ;  spur  slender, 
'"l  inch  long.  This  grows  in  woods  in  the  districts  of 
Somerset,  and  is  said  to  flower  only  in  very  rainy 
seasons,  and  will  therefore  require  shade  and  moisture 
when  under  cultivation.  It  appears  to  range  from 
low  to  high  altitudes,  since  it  grows  "in  the  deepest 
parts  of  the  woods  near  the  mouth  of  the  Riet  River," 
and  "in  shady  places  on  the  sides  of  Mount  Kaga- 
berg,  at  4000  feet  elevation."  It  flowers  in  February. 
ff,  c/avata,  Lindl. — A  fine  species,  12 — iS  inches 
high,  with  elliptic-oblong  acute  leaves  on  the  stem, 
and  a  rich  raceme  of  goodly  sized  flowers,  which 
according  to  one  collector  are  yellow,  and  to  another 
green.  The  upper  sepal  is  oblong  acute,  and  the 
lateral  sepals  broadly  falcate-oblong,  and  becomes 
twisted  when  the  flower  is  fully  expanded.  The  two- 
parted  petals,  have  their  lower  segments  nearly  three 
times  as  long  as  the  sepals,  thread-like,  and  curved 
round  half  a  circle,  the  upper  segment  is  also  filiform, 
straighter,  anii  about  as  long  as  the  sepals  (S — 9 
lines).  The  labellum  is  divided  to  the  base  into  thrte 
filiform  segments  about  :|-inch  long.  Spur  equalling 
the  ovary  and  its  stalk,  l^  inch  long.  Bracts  I — l^ 
inch  long,  broadly  lanceolate  acuminate,  embracing 
the  pedicel  of  the  ovary  and  the  end  of  the  spur.  A 
native  of  Natal,  the  Orange  Free  State,  and  the 
eastern  districts  of  Cape  Colony,  growing  at  an  altitude 
of  5000  feet,  in  wet  grassy  places,  and  flowering  in 
February. 

//.  robnsfa,  N.  E.  Brown  {Bonatea  speciosa,  Wild, 
Bo^.  Afa^.,  t.  2926). — A  fine  showy  species,  1^—2  feet 
high,  with  a  stout  leafy  stem,  and  a  large  many- 
flowered  ovoid  spike,  5—7  inches  long,  and  5 — 5 
inches  broad.  Leaves  elliptic  acute,  4 — 5  inches 
long*  1^—2  inches  broad,  the  upper  ones  gradually 
smaller,  and  the  liwer  part  of  the  stem  with  sheaths 
only.  Bracts  elliptic-acuminate,  concave,  shorter 
than  the  l^ — 2  inches  long  ovary.  Flowers,  14  inch 
in  diameter  ;  sepals  and  labellum  green,  petals  and 
stigmas  white  ;  dorsal  sepal  hooded,  apiculate,  lateral 
sepals  falcate  ovate-acute  ;  petals  2-parted,  upper 
segments  linear,  with  a  tooth  behind,  erect  under  the 
hood,  green,  lower  segments  falcate,  adnate  at  the 
base  to  the  lip,  which  is  divided  into  three  linear 
flexuose  segments.  The  rostellum  forms  a  remark- 
able hood  in  front  of  the  anthers  (as  in  several  other 
species)  and  the  stigmas  are  long  cylindrical  pro- 
cesses projecting  between  the  lower  segments  of  the 
petals.  This  grows  among  shrubs  on  the  sand  hills 
at  Mossell  Bay  and  Piattenberg's  Bay.  It  was  intro- 
duced about  sixty  years  ago,  and  grew  and  flowered 
freely  ;  it  requires  a  rich  sandy  loam,  and  should  be 
placed  in  the  shade  ;  the  flowers  last  a  considerable 
time. 

//.  kntiior,  N.  E.  Brown. — Stem  leafy,  6 — 12 
inches  high.  Leaves  i  — 1|  inch  long,  ovate-lanceo- 
late acute.  Flower-spike  2  —  5  inches  long  :  bracts 
like  the  leaves,  but  rather  smaller.  Flowers  4  inch  in 
diameter ;  dorsal  sepal  oblong  obtuse,  lateral  sepals 
spreading,  falcate,  oblong  obtuse  ;  petals  erect,  some- 
what S-shaped,  as  broad  as  the  sepals  ;  labellum  ovate 
obtuse,  with  recurved  wavy  margins  ;  spur  very  large 
for  the  size  of  the  flower,  ^  inch  long,  curved  forwards 
at  the  very  blunt  apex.  A  native  of  Natal  and  the 
Transvaal,  growing  at  an  altitude  of  2000  feet,  and 
perhaps  more,  probably  in  marshy  ground,  but  I  have 
no  information  upon  this  point.  It  flowers  in 
January.  This  was  originally  described  by  Reichen- 
bach  as  Brachycorythis  tennior,  but  as  the  labellum 
is  spurred  it  should  go  into  Ilabenaria,  and  seems 
closely  allied  to  some  of  the  Indian  species  of  that 
genus,  in  the  section  Platanthera.  To  judge  from 
the  dried  specimens  and  a  drawing,  it  appears  to  be 
rather  a  pretty  species;  the  flowers  are  bright  rose- 
pink,  the  sepals  dotted  with  darker,  and  the  spur 
green. 
H,  tetrapctala,  Rchb.  f.— Stem  leafy,  8—18  inches 


high.  Leaves  strap-shaped,  acute,  folded.  Raceme 
3— 9  inches  long.  Brads  \—\  inch  long,  lanceolate- 
acuminate.  Flowers  dmall,  \  inch  in  expanse,  numer- 
ous, greenish-white  ;  dorsal  sepal  elliptic  acutish, 
narrowed  at  the  base  ;  lateral  sepals  much  broader 
facately  obovate  ;  petals  2-parled,  upper  segment 
narrow,  oblong-lanceolate,  attenuated  at  the  base  ; 
lower  segment  broader,  lanceolate  ;  labellum  divided 
to  the  base  into  three  linear  segments,  the  middle  one 
longest;  spur  slender,  1,1  inch  long.  A  native  of 
Natal  and  the  eastern  districts  of  Cape  Colony,  and 
seems  to  have  a  wide  altituJinal  range,  growing  in 
moist  sandy  soil  on  the  flats  near  Durham,  up  to  an 
elevation  of  5000  feet  in  Griqualand  East,  flowering, 
according  to  locality,  from  December  to  May. 

Herschellia. 
//.  idlt's/is,  Lindl. — This  is  identical  with  Disa  gra- 
minifulia,  which  see. 

HUTTON.EA. 

Sepals  ovate,  flat,  united  in  one  piece  at  their  base 
by  the  bases  of  the  claws  of  the  petals,  which  have 
long  claws,  and  a  hood-shaped  or  concave  fringed 
limb.  Labellum  free,  flat  or  concave,  fringed. 

This  genus  consists  of  but  two  elegant  species,  both 
worthy  of  cultivation,  and  very  remarkable  on  account 
of  the  long-cl;jwed,  concave,  or  hooded  petals. 

//.  /'unbriata  has  both  sepals  and  petals  fringed,  and 
the  limb  of  the  petals  concave  ;  it  is  a  native  of  Natal. 
H.  pnkhra  has  the  sepals  en'.ire,  and  the  limb  of  the 
petals  hood-shaped.  It  is  described  as  "a  most 
lovely  Orchid,  with  snow-white,  sweetly-scented 
flowers  of  singular  shape,  and  glossy,  dack  green, 
expanded  leaves."  One  collector  describes  the  flowers 
as  "green."  It  grows  on  the  Kaiberg  at  "4000  feet 
elevation  under  trees  "  in  the  Orange  Free  State,  and 
in  Natal,  "on  damp  rocks,"  at  4500  feet  elevation. 
B)th  species  are  from  12— iS  inches  high,  and  have 
cordate-elliptic  leaves.  They  probably  require  mois- 
ture and  shade. 

LiSSOCHILUS. 

This  genus  is  scarcely  to  be  distinguished  from 
Eulophia,  the  only  difference  being  that  in  the  larger 
species  the  petals  are  very  much  broader  than  the 
sepals,  and  more  brightly  coloured.  It  may  be  said 
to  consist  of  the  finest  and  most  showy  of  the  Eulo- 
phias.  The  genus  seems  to  be  confined  to  Tropical 
and  South  Africa,  and  some  of  them  appear  to  be 
fine  showy  plants,  especially  the  tropical  L.  macran- 
thus,  with  large  apparently  purple  flowers.  The  fol- 
lowing are  South  African  : — 

L.  arenarius^  Lindl.  —  A  fine  showy  species, 
flowering  before  or  with  the  leaves.  Leaves  narrow, 
grass-like,  but  rigid.  Stem  I — 2  feet  high,  with  dis- 
tant sheaths.  Raceme  lax,  with  lanceolate  acuminate 
brads,  and  several  handsome  flowers  nearly  i^  inch 
n  diameter.  Sepals  lanceolate  acute,  ail  erect, 
greenish  brown.  Petals  large,  elliptic  obtuse,  bright 
light  mauve-purple.  Labellum  with  a  short  pouch- 
like yellow  spur,  and  a  broad  three-lobed  limb,  the 
front  lobe  quadrate,  except  in  the  throat ;  the  label- 
lum is  light  mauve-purple  like  the  petals.  Although 
this  plant  grows  in  Natal  it  appears  to  be  much  more 
common  in  Tropical  Africa,  both  Eastern  and 
Western.  Barter,  who  collected  it  on  the  Niger, 
has  the  following  noteon  his  label:— "  Flowers  purple, 
base  of  labellum  lined  with  orange.  Flower-stems 
appear  after  the  first  rains  in  April,  leaves  later,  tuber 
large  and  flattened.  Savannahs,  in  a  sandy  soil, 
abundant,  ornamental,  worth  cultivation."  In  Natal 
it  flowers  Tn  November. 

L.  BiiJianani^  Rchb.  f. — Leaves  2—3  feet  long, 
\\—2  inches  broad,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  plicate. 
Flower-stem  3—41  feet  high,  with  distant  acute 
sheaths,  and  a  many-flowered  raceme  of  fine  yellow 
flowers.  Bracts  oblong-obtuse  or  subacute.  Sepals  re- 
flexed,  erect,  spathulate,  oblong,  apparently  brownish. 
Petals  elliptic-oblong,  very  obtuse,  yellow.  Labellum 
yellow,  with  a  short  conical  spur,  and  an  ovate, 
obtuse,  slightly  emarginate  limb,  the  sides  erect 
towards  the  base,  recurved  and  crisped  towards  the 
apex,  with  three  median  crested  keels.  A  fine  bold 
and  handsome  species,  a  native  of  Natal,  flowering  in 
February.     I  have  no  information  as  to  habitat. 

L,  Sandersoni^  Rchb,  f. — This  fine  species  has 
recently  flowered  at  Kew  in  the  Palm-house,  where  it 
produced  broad,  lanceolate,  acute,  plicate  leaves, 
about  3  feet  long,  and  a  stout  flower-stem  5  feet  high, 
with  distant  acutish  sheaths,  and  a  long  lax  raceme  of 
flowers  about  2  inches  in  diameter.  Bracts  elliptic, 
acute.     Sepals  oblanceolate,  acute,  all  dull  green,  re 


3o8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


[September  5,  1885. 


flexed.  Petals  very  large  and  broad,  elliptic,  obtuse, 
white,  with  a  very  delicate  mauve  hue  outside.  La- 
bellum  three-lobed,  with  a  conical  spur,  that  is 
towards  its  apex  lalher  abruptly  bent  backwards,  dull 
green,  with  the  oblong. obtuse  front  lobe  bright 
mauve-purple  ;  there  are  three  strong  median  keels 
much  crested  towards  their  apices,  where  they  become 
yellowish-green,  or  pale  purplish.  It  is  a  native  of 
Natal,  but  I  have  no  information  as  to  habitat. 
Planted  out  in  one  of  the  beds  in  the  Palm-house  at 
Kew,  it  has  thriven  well,  but  whether  it  will  continue 
to  do  so  remains  to  be  seen,  and  should  be  reported 
upon. 

L.  sfaiostts,  R.  Br.  i^Bot.  Reg.,  t.  573;  Paxton's 
Mag.,  iv.,  p.  25). — Leaves  ensiform,  a  foot  long. 
Flower-stem  stout,  3—4  feet  high,  with  distant 
sheaths,  and  an  elongating  lax  spike  of  large,  showy, 
bright  yellow  flowers,  with  small  green  ovate  acute 
reflexed  sepals,  large  elliptic  obtuse  petals,  and  a 
somewhat  saddle-shaped  lip,  with  a  short  conical 
spur,  and  a  series  of  slightly  raised  keels  wiihout 
C.ests  on  the  limb.  This  is  an  exceedingly  fine  and 
ornamental  species.  Lindlcy,  writing  in  1S21  {Col- 
lectanea, t.  31)  says  of  it  :  — "  We  think,  wiihout  any 
exception,  it  is  the  finest  plant  in  the  order  we  ever 
saw  alive."  The  flowers  are  fragrant,  and  it  is  said 
to  last  two  months  in  bloom,  the  spike  elongating  to 
about  2  feet.  It  is  a  native  of  the  eastern  districts  of 
Cape  Colony  and  Natal  ;  in  Lower  Albany  it  grows 
"  among  the  sand  hills  near  the  mouth  of  Kleine- 
mont  River,  flowering  in  December  and  January." 
In  Pa-xtoti's  Magazine  above  quoted  it  is  stated  that 
"  It  will  thrive  in  a  temperature  much  below  that 
in  which  orchidaceous  plants  in  general  delight,  but 
will  not  succeed  well  with  the  treatment  of  green- 
house plants,  unless  the  house  in  which  they  grow 
is  kept  at  a  higher  temperature  than  is  usually  recom- 
mended or  suitable  for  them.  One  intermediate 
between  these  will  suit  it.  It  prefers  good  rich  loamy 
soil  mixed  with  a  little  peat  and  sand  ;  it  should  be 
put  into  a  well  drained  pot,  not  over  large,  and  the 
plant  in  summer  liberally  watered,  but  in  winter  it 
should  scarcely  have  any."  To  the  above  I  would 
only  add  that  I  believe  if  the  soil  was  about  hall 
loam  and  half  sharp  sand  the  plant  would  probably 
have  a  better  chance  of  establishing  itself  with  us. 

Pterygodium. 

Dorsal  sepal  and  the  very  large  concave  petals 
united  into  a  hood,  lateral  sepals  free,  spreading. 
Labellum  adnate  to  the  face  of  the  column,  with  a 
large  or  small  tongue-shaped  appendage  at  the  base. 
A  genus  of  about  a  dozen  species,  all  South  African. 
Most  of  them  would  appear  to  be  worth  cultivation, 
but  those  noted  below  are  perhaps  the  chief. 

P.  aciitifoUujii,  Lindl. — Stem  leafy,  6—12  inches 
high.  Leaves  few,  lower  ones  2 — 3  inches  long, 
\  inch  broad,  strap-shaped,  acute,  upper  smaller, 
ovate-lanceolate  acute.  Flower-spike  short  and  ratht  r 
dense  ;  bracts  ovate-lanceolate  acute,  \  inch  long  ; 
flowers  about  \  inch  in  expanse,  deep  golden-yellow  ; 
labellum  very  small,  broadly  ovate  at  base,  con- 
tracted about  the  middle  into  an  oblong  point,  the 
linear-lanceolate  appendage,  which  ascends  under  the 
very  broad  hood,  is  entire.  This  grows  in  -  moist 
grassy  places,  on  the  Cape  peninsula,  from  1400 — 
2500  feet,  flowering  in  November  and  December. 

P.  eaffrum,  Sw.  — Stem  6 — 12  inches  high,  with  a 
few  elliptic-oblong,  or  oblong,  lower  leaves,  passing 
upwards  into  stem-sheaths.  Flower-spike  2 — 4  inches 
long,  compact  ;  bracts  \  inch  long,  elliptic  ovate, 
acute  ;  flowers  J*  inch  or  more  in  diameter,  bright 
yellow ;  labellum  very  broad,  two-lobed,  with  the 
obtusely  rounded  lobes  widely  diverging  so  as  to  some- 
what resemble  the  form  of  a  fish's  tail ;  the  append- 
age is  short,  broad,  and  hooded  at  the  apex.  This 
grows  at  a  lower  altitude  on  the  Cape  peninsula 
than  the  preceding,  being  found  between  **  100 — 
1000  feet  elevation,  and  can  do  with  less  moisture." 
It  flowers  in  October  and  November. 

P.  cariiosum,  Lindl.— Stem  a  foot  high,  with 
linear  acuminate  leaves  about  2 — 3  inches  long. 
Flower-spike  2 — 5  inches  long,  dense  ;  flowers  about 
J  inch  in  diameter,  purple.  A  native  of  the  Cape 
peninsula  at  an  elevation  of  from  1300 — 2200  feet, 
growing  in  moist  grassy  places,  and  flowering  in 
November  and  December. 

P.  {alholiciim,  Swartz. — In  habit  and  general 
appearance  this  closely  resembles  P.  acutifolium,  but 
the  leaves  are  more  obtuse,  with  a  small  apiculus  ;  the 
flowers  of  a  rather  paler  yellow,  and  the  appendage 
of  the  labellum  is  serrulated  on  its  edges,  otherwise 
the  flower  is  like  that  of  P.  acutifolium.  It  is  found 
at  much  lower  altitudes  than  that  species,  and  flowers 
in  August  and  September.  There  is  a  variety  of  it 
with  purple  flowers.  N.  E.  Brown,  Kcw, 
{To  be  continued.) 


DISEASE   OF   ANEMONES. 

Peronospora  pygm.ba  and  its  Resting- 
SPORES. — The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  66; 
shows  a  section  through  a  fragment  of  a  leaf  o 
Anemone  nemorosa,  with  Peronospora  pygmsa  grow 
ing  out  of  a  stoma,  and  with  oospores  or  resting- 
spores  of  the  fungus  within  the  substance  of  the  leaf. 


NEMONES  :   PER0N05P0R.\ 


Passing  through  a  breathing  pore  on  the  lower  surface  of  the 
leaf,  here  shown  in  a  reversed  position. 


enKirgtd  400  diameters.  The  oospores  were  found 
by  me  in  Anemone  nemorosa  at  Aboyne  on  Saturday, 
June  13,  1S85.  When  ripe  they  have  a  darkish 
brown,  irregularly  rough  external  covering  with  one 
or  more  internal  coats,  just  as  in  the  oospores  of  the 


Fig.    67. — FERTIUSATION   OF  PERONOSPORA    PVGM.1 


fungus  which  causes  Potato  blight — Peronospora 
infestans  ;  to  the  latter  oospores  the  oospores  of  P. 
pygmKa  have  a  decided  resemblance.  The  contents 
are  generally  coarsely  granular,  suggesting  the  idea 
that  the  protoplasm  may  break  up  into  a  number  of 
zoospores.  In  fig.  66  two  oospores  at  the  lower  part 
0  f  the  illustration  are  shown,  and  it  is  sommon  to  find 


an  irregular  expansion  at  one  side  of  the  oospore,  which 
probably  represents  the  antheridium  or  its  remains. 

At  A,  B,  c,  and  d,  fig.  67,  is  represented,  enlarged 
400  diameters,  the  process  of  fertilisation,  A  being  the 
oogonium,  or  female  body,  and  B  the  antheridium,  or 
male.  The  envelopes  of  the  oogonium  are  pierced  by 
the  antheridium,  as  shown  at  c,  and  this  process  of 
piercing  is  again  shown  diagrammatically  atD.  The  fer- 
tilising substance  of  the  antheridium  appears  to  pass 
through  the  minute  transparent  passage  or  tube  into 
the  oogonium,  in  the^manner  illustrated  and  described 
under  Peronospora  infestans  by  Mr.  Worthington  G. 
Smith  in  his  Diseases  of  field  and  Garden  Crops, 
p.  29S.  The  illustrations  here  given  are  from  per- 
manent unstained  glycerine  preparations.  The  slide 
from  which  the  figure  A  B  was  taken  is  no  longer  in 
my  possession,  otherwise  it  would  have  been  submitted 
to  the  Editor  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  verifi- 
cation. However,  Dr.  Trail,  Professor  of  Botany  at  the 
University  of  Aberdeen,  vouches  for  the  accuracy  of 
the  representation.  The  accuracy  of  the  observations 
has  also  been  confirmed  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith, 
who  has  examined  fresh  examples  of  the  oogonia  and 
oospores  whilst  still  attached  to  the  ordinary  fruiting 
threads  of  the  fungus  which  grow  through  the  stoma 
of  the  leaves.  A  mounted  preparation  will  also  be 
given  by  me  to  the  Department  of  Botany,  British 
Museum,  South  Kensington,  for  placing  with  the 
other  mounted  examples  of  the  resting-spores  of 
species  of  Peronspora.  I  have  now  found  the  resting- 
spores  of  this  fungus  from  three  different  localities — 
Aboyne,  banks  of  the  Don,  near  old  Aberdeen  ;  and 
beside  Walker's  Dam,  near  Aberdeen.  Soon  after 
the  above-mentioned  oospores  were  found  by  me,  Dr 
Trail  met  with  the  oospores  of  Peronospora  arbores- 
cens  on  Papaver  argemone.  They  are  similar  to 
those  belonging  to  the  Anemone  Peronospora  and  the 
process  of  fertilisation  is  traceable  in  one  or  two  cases 
in  Dr.  Trail's  prepared  slides.  Ceo.  Brebner,  11. 
Garden  Place,  Aberdeen. 


THE     MILFOILS. 

Of  the  genus  Achillea,  over  a  hundred  have  been 
described  as  species  by  different  authors,  but  this  is 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  number  that  should  be  re- 
tained as  distinct  species.  For  horticultural  purposes, 
size  of  the  leaves,  height  of  stem,  and  coloiir  of  the 
flower-heads,  are  all  important  distinguishing  marks 
in  the  eyes  of  the  gardener,  and  undoubtedly  they 
serve  his  purpose  ;  but  the  discriminating  eye  of  the 
botanist  is  able  to  overlook  all  these  trifling  differences, 
especially  when  he  finds  them  connected  by  numerous 
intermediate  gradations.  Moreover  the  differences  may 
be  too  insignificant,  or  too  inconstant  for  the  subjects 
to  merit  the  rank  of  species  from  a  scientific  point  of 
view.  A  considerable  number  have  been  introduced 
to  British  gardens  from  time  to  time,  but  at  present 
they  are  a  comparatively  neglected  class  as  a  rule. 
AH  are  herbaceous  and  perfectly  hardy  with  few  ex- 
ceptions, and  their  cultural  requirements  are  few, 
.Many  are  dwarf  alpines,  suitable  for  rockwork,  others 
for  the  herbaceous  border,  and  some  can  be  put  to  a 
variety  of  purposes  in  garden  economy.  The  follow- 
ing is  by  no  means  an  exhaustive  selection,  but  con- 
tains a  number  of  the  most  useful  sorts  : — 

Achillea  tomentosa. — Taking  all  things  into  con- 
sideration this  species  is  one  of  the  best  for  general 
cultivation.  Its  neatness  renders  it  available  for 
planting  in  the  front  line  of  the  herbaceous  border, 
or  on  the  rockery.  For  this  latter  purpose  its 
densely  tufted  habit,  finely  cut  foliage,  and  yellow 
flower-heads  are  excellent  recommendations.  Its 
date  of  introduction  from  the  Continent  seems  to  have 
been  lost,  for  most  of  the  older  botanical  books  con- 
sider it  as  a  native  of  Britain,  and  accordingly  we 
have  it  figured  in  English  Botany,  2532.  The  best 
authorities,  however,  consider  it  as  a  garden  escape, 
scarcely  even  naturalised.  It  sometimes  does  duty  ic 
gardens  under  the  name  of  A.  aurea.  The  distinct- 
ness of  the  two,  however,  is  unquestionable,  for 
besides  differences  in  the  leaves,  the  flower-heads  of 
the  former  are  borne  on  a  repeatedly  branched  umbel, 
while  in  the  latter  they  are  solitary,  or  simply  umbel- 
late. 

A.  aurea. — The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  bipinnate 
and  downy,  forming  a  closely  tufted  and  fitting  back- 
ground for  the  golden-yellow  flower-heads.  The 
species  was  originally  introduced  from  the  Levant  in 
1739,  and  requires  for  its  well-being  a  dry,  sheltered 
situation.  At  present  it  is  scarce,  or  is  altogether 
got  lost  to  cultivation.     Beside  the  above-mentioned 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


309 


species,  it  is  said  to  be  confounded  with  A.  agetati- 
folia,  a  comparatively  recent  introduction  from  Greece, 
with  white  flowers. 

A.  umbeUata.—\Jk.t  several  other  species,  this  is 
cultivated  chiefly  on  account  of  the  beauty  of  its  hoary 
foliage.  The  leaves  are  densely  arranged  on  the 
decumbent  stems,  finely  pectinate,  generally  under, 
and  seldom  exceeding,  i  inch  in  length,  with  narrowly 
spathulate  segments.  When  bruised  they  are  rather 
powerfully  odorous,  but  this  is  a  matter  of  no  con- 
sequence when  the  plant  is  used  as  an  edging,  or, 
better  still,  for  clothing  an  overhanging  ledge  of  the 
rockery,  where  these  conditions  seem  to  make  it  per- 
fectly happy.  The  flower-heads  are  white,  produced 
in  simple  umbels,  terminating  short,  somewhat  leafy 
stems.     It  is  a  native  of  Greece. 

A,  jfioschaia. — As  a  companion  for  the  foregoing 
plant  this  is  eminently  suitable,  and  abundantly  dis- 
tinct. The  foliage  is  green,  slightly  hairy,  and  dotted 
with  sessile  glands  on  both  surfaces,  exhaling  an 
agreeable,  faintly  musky  odour,  as  the  speciBc  nameim- 
plies.  The  individual  leaves  range  from  I*  to  2  inches 
long,  and  are  finely  pectinate,  with  linear,  entire,  or 
slightly  toothed  segments  that  are  more  irregular  in 
length  than  those  of  A.  umbellata.  The  flower-heads 
are  white  in  a  loose  umbel,  and  the  whole  plant  is 
decidedly  dwarf  and  tufted.  It  is  used  medicinally 
by  the  Swiss,  and  cattle  are  said  to  relish  it,  recalling 
to  mind  the  use  to  which  our  native  A.  Millefolium  is 
put  in  some  of  the  colonies,  and  sometimes  at  home. 
A.moschata  is  figured  in  Jacquin's  Austrian  Plants, 
5.  tab.  33. 

A.  ageratiim. — Here  the  leafy  stems  average  about 
18  inches  high,  supporting  a  terminal  densely- 
packed  umbel  of  yellow  flower-heads.  The  rays  are 
extremely  small  and  inconspicuous,  and  gain  appear- 
ance solely  by  their  dense  arrangement.  The  leaves 
are  oblong,  doubly  serrated,  and  tapered  into  the 
petiole,  bearing  shortened  branches  in  their  axils, 
giving  them  a  fascicled  appearance.  The  plant  is 
inferior  in  point  of  beauty  to  any  of  the  above-men- 
tioned, but  is  recommendable  as  a  thoroughly  distinct 
subject  for  the  herbaceous  border. 

A.  filipendiilina. — For  the  back  line  of  a  herba- 
ceous border,  or  even  for  the  shrubbery,  few  better 
or  more  conspicuous  of  the  taller  Composites  could  be 
named  for  the  monthsof  July  and  August,  it  isa  native 
of  the  East,  and  was  originally  introduced  to  this 
country  from  the  shores  of  the  Caspian  in  1S03.  The 
finely  divided  Fern-like  leaves  are  pinnatisect,  with 
long  narrow,  more  or  less,  pinnatifid  and  cut  seg- 
ments, clothing  stems  from  3  to  6  feet  high.  The 
golden-yellow  flower-heads  (individually  small)  are 
produced  in  broad,  repeatedly  branched  umbellate 
panicles.  A  good  figure  is  given  in  these  columns, 
October  i,  1881. 

A.  Clavennti. — The  flower-heads  are  closely  um- 
bellate, on  short  leafy  stems,  and  are  somewhat  con- 
spicuous from  their  comparatively  large  white  rays. 
The  striking  feature  of  this  plant,  however,  lies  in  its 
dwarf  habit,  densely  tufted  leaves,  and  hoary  ap- 
pearance. On  this  account  it  is  sometimes  used  as 
an  edging  or  dividing  line  in  a  design,  with  excellent 
effect.  The  leaves  are  pinnatifid,  with  oblong  slightly 
toothed  segments.  The  silvery-grey  colour  seems  to 
develope  most  intensely  by  growing  it  in  rather  dry 
situations.  It  was  introduced  from  Austria  more 
than  200  years  ago,  and  is  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  t.  1287. 

A.  (Fgyptiaca. — The  silvery-white  feathery  leaves 
of  this  species  are  linear-lanceolate  in  outline,  pin- 
natisect, with  oblong  serrated  or  somewhat  lobed  seg- 
ments, and  are  even  more  effective  than  those  of  A, 
Clavennce,  as  the  plant  is  also  rarer.  The  woolly 
flower-heads  are  small,  bright  yellow,  and  densely 
packed  in  terminal  umbellate  panicles  that  con- 
trast beautifully  with  the  foliage.  The  leaves  are 
strongly  odorous  when  bruised,  but  otherwise  un- 
objectionable for  mixing  with  cut  flowers.  It  will 
succeed  perfectly  in  a  dry  warm  situation  on  the 
rockery,  although  it  was  formerly  considered  a  green- 
house plant.  For  outdoor  work  it  merits  extended 
cultivation.  It  comes  from  the  Levant,  and  is  figured 
in  Tournefort's  Relation  d'un  Voyage  dtt  Levant, 
i.,  t.  87. 

A.  ptarmicaflore-phno. — The  typical  form  of  this 
species  is  by  no  means  an  attractive  garden  plant,  but 
tbe  variety  under  notice  is  a  gem  of  the  first  water, 
whether  for  the  herbaceous  border  or  the  back  part  of 
the  rockery.  It  is  moreover  of  great  value  for  cut 
flower  purposes,  on  account  of  the  snowy  purity  of 
the  perfectly  double  flower-heads  and  their  long-lasting 


properties.  The  so-called  doubling  consists  in  all 
the  florets,  except  about  half-a-dozen  In  the  centre, 
being  transformed  into  females,  and  ligulate  like  those 
of  the  ray.  The  leaves  are  deep  green  and  finely 
serrated— the  serratures  being  again  serrulate,  a  fact 
frequently  overlooked  in  botanical  works.  It  is  of 
the  easiest  possible  cultivation  and  requires  frequent 
trimming  to  prevent  it  monopolising  the  ground  to 
the  exclusion  of  its  neighbours.   F. 


J40)V1E     -f  ORRESPOI^DEf^CE. 


PatejJt  Clip  or  Holder.— This  most  useful  little 
invention,  designed  for  holding  sheets  of  glass,  metal, 
slate,  or  other  material  (fig.  68),  is  certain  to  prove 
of  great  use  to  the  gardener.  We  have  been  hitherto 
without  a  simple  and  inexpensive  contrivance  for 
holding  glass  in  position,  so  as  to  enclose  a  small 
area,  such  as  is  required  lor  striking  cuttings  in  the 
open  air  or  otherwise,  grafting,  and  protecting  from 
wind,  rain,  and  cold.  By  means  of  these  simple 
screw  clips,  square  or  half-square  forms  can  be  made 
with  glass  of  any  ordinary  thickness,  and  of  any  use- 
ful dimensions,  suitable  for  uses  identical  withtose  to 
which  hand-lights  and  cloches  are  put  ;  and,  more- 
over, with  the  advantages  of  great  stowability  when 
out  of  use,  and  the  rapidity  with  which  broken  glass 
may  be  removed  or  extensions  made.  One  use  to 
which  the  contrivance  permits  glass  to  be  be  put  is 
that  of  protecting  lines  of  early  vegetables,   in  the 


winter  and  spring  months,  as  Parsley,  Peas,  Salads, 
Cauliflower,  Beans,  Potatos,  &c.  On  the  rockery 
they  would  be  invaluable  with  the  ends  open,  to  form 
penthouses  over  alpines  that  suffer  from  overhead 
moisture,  but  which  are  not  injured  at  all  by  frost. 
In  the  dwelling  ingenious  people  will  find  sundry 
uses  the  clips  can  be  put  to  in  forming  little  enclosures 
fur  the  better  growth  of  Ferns,  Mosses,  Begonias, 
Bertolonias,  Sonerilas,  Gloxinias,  Masdevallias,  and 
the  preservation  in  longer  beauty  of  various  of  the 
less  delicate  Orchids.  The  inventor  is  Mr.  J.  Goddard, 
13,  Radipole  Road,  Fulham,  S.W.,  who  supplies 
them  at  a  moderate  cost  per  dozen.  Our  sketch  was 
taken  from  a  specimen  exhibited. 

Reversion  in  Iris. — Two  years  ago  my  gardener 
gathered  the  seed — only  one  or  two  seed-vessels— of 
a  fine  yellow  and  red-purple  Iris,  very  similar  to 
the  Iris  named  Darius.  The  seeds  were  sown  and 
the  young  Irises  planted  out  this  spring.  The  leaf 
appeared  totally  different  in  shape  and  colour  to  that 
of  the  parent  Iris.  When  the  flower  came,  the 
character  of  the  leaf  was  confirmed — it  is  a  wild 
yellow  flag  !  It  bears  not  the  slightest  resemblance 
to  the  Iris  from  which  the  seed  came.  The  seed  was 
the  only  Iris  seen  in  the  place  that  ripened,  E,  V.  B, 

Market  Vegetable  Growing. — Your  correspon- 
dent, Mr.  Earley,  gives  but  small  grace  to  the 
gardeners  of  this  country,  when  they  do  not  happen 
to  be  market  growers,  or  reside  elsewhere  than  in 
Essex.  If  all  he  states  about  the  wretched  methods 
of  growing  crops  of  vegetables  were  true,  I  fear  many 
of  us  would  not  hold  our  situations  for  any  long 
period,  as  the  cooks  and  their  employers  would 
readily  find  out  our  deficiencies  in  that  all-important 
particular.     The  differences  lie  in  the  fact  that  we  do 


not  grow  for  market,  thus  we  neither  want  the 
quantity  nor  the  bulk  of  crop  a  market  man  does. 
We  look  for  continuous,  moderate  supplies,  of  well- 
grown  succulents,  and  not  over-large  specimens  of 
almost  everything  that  is  required  in  a  gentleman's 
kitchen  ;  and  it  may  be  here  stated  that  that  which 
enters  into  the  servants'  dietary  should  be  as  good  in 
quality,  if  less  in  variety,  as  that  which  goes  to  the 
employer's  table.  The  absurdity  of  planting 
Cabbages  a  foot  apart,  as  advocated  in  Mr.  Farley's 
paper,  is  apparent  to  any  one  managing  a  private 
garden.  The  market  grower  would  clear  them  olT  at 
once  or  twice  cutting,  the  form';r  must  take  some  few 
weeks  to  do  so,  during  which  time  growth  would 
take  place  continuously,  and  all  the  evils  of  an 
excessively  crowded  crop,  with  all  its  attendant  stench 
and  loss,  would  occur.  The  winter  greens  and  small 
varieties  of  Cabbage  may  be  so  planted,  and  be 
kept  from  spoiling  each  other  by  the  timely  removal 
of  the  plants  for  daily  consumption.  Again,  Marrows 
are  but  in  comparatively  small  demand  in  private 
gardens,  as  are  likewise  Cucumbers,  so  that  there  is 
rarely  a  need  to  plant  largely.  That  is  the  reason 
dunghills  or  masses  of  garden  refuse  are  found  suit- 
able places  for  the  growth  of  the  first-named,  as  in 
such  materials  the  plants  grow  rapidly,  and  the 
foliage  hides  that  which  in  certain  states  is  an  un- 
pleasing  object.  Out-of-doors  Cucumbers  are  not 
much  liked  for  the  reason  that  the  better  kinds  of 
frame  varieties  are  grown  in  sufficient  numbers  during 
the  summer,  and  our  domestics  do  not  know  the 
simple  methods  of  Continental  people  of  preserving 
them  for  winter  salads  in  weak  brine.  In  writing  for 
the  information  of  gardeners  the  writer  of  these 
papers  seems  quite  to  ignore  the  differences  existing 
between  the  practices  required  by  the  grower  of 
vegetables  for  a  family  and  the  grower  for  market. 
No  allowances  are  made  either  for  different  parts  of 
the  kingdom,  for  particular  tastes,  for  variation  in 
soil,  elevation,  water  supply,  quantity  or  quality  of 
manures,  and  a  few  other  considerations  beside,  that 
will  occur  to  any  one  having  to  keep  up  either  a  con- 
stant or  an  intermittent  supply  in  suburban  or  purely 
country  establishments.  1\I.  IV.  [It  should  be  re- 
membered that  Mr.  Earley  writes  under  the  heading 
"  Market  Gardening."  Ed.] 

The  Dodder.  —  The  note  on  the  above  by 
"  W.  G.  S."  is  interesting,  and  proves  pretty  conclu- 
sively that  the  Dodder  seed  had  been  present  in  that 
of  the  Clover  when  sown.  An  almost  similar  cass 
has  occurred  here  in  which  two  large  fields  of 
Clover,  situated  nearly  500  yards  apart,  sown  with 
seeds  procured  from  the  same  source  were  infested, 
indeed  partially  ruined,  by  the  greater  Dodder  (Cus- 
cuta  europoea).  There  could  be  no  doubt,  in  this  case 
at  least,  that  the  Dodder  seeds  were  imported  with 
those  of  the  Clover,  more  especially  as  other  fields  on 
the  same  farm,  but  sown  with  Clover  obtained 
from  a  different  source,  were  perfectly  clean,  and 
which  should  make  seed-vendors  very  careful  before 
disseminating  the  germs  of  such  a  ruinous  as  well  as 
troublesome  plant.  A.  D.  W. 

Stocks  Degenerating.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  a  satisfactory  reason  why  the  high-coloured 
annual  Stocks  (Matthiola  annua)  so  often  fail  to  deve- 
lope their  proper  colours — say  crimson  or  purple — 
and  produce  flowers  which  are  blotched  with  white, 
often  so  heavily  as  to  haVe  a  thoroughly  motley,  and 
anything  but  ornamental  aspect  ?  It  is  not  in  the 
particular  variety,  as  some  plants  come  true,  and 
sometimes  plants  from  the  same  seed  packet  are  true 
one  year  and  mottled  the  next.  It  scarcely  seems  to 
be  caused  by  the  chemical  constitution  of  the  soil,  as 
it  happens  in  various  positions,  and  some  few  plants 
come  high-coloured  beside  the  degenerated  ones. 
Mine  have  been  very  badly  affected  this  year,  though 
the  plants  seemed  healthy  enough,  those  which  should 
have  been  crimson  showing  more  white  than  crimson 
in  their  flowers.  Can  anything  be  done  to  prevent 
this  degeneration  ? — which  no  doubt  has  been  experi- 
enced and  regretted  by  others  besides  M.  C,  [It  is 
so  with  us,  but  we  own  to  an  appreciation  of  the 
variety.  The  appearance  is  due  to  deficient  vitality, 
but  how  produced  we  cannot  say.  Ed.] 

Notes  from  the  Banbury  Show.— I  was  one 
of  the  judges  of  vegetables  at  this  show  on  Tuesday 
last,  and  amongst  the  good  things  shown  the  Rousham 
Park  Hero  Onion  and  Neal's  Ne  Plus  Ultra  Runner 
Bean  were  well  to  the  front.  The  Hero  Onion,  not- 
withstanding the  past  dry  season,  was  staged  in  mag- 


310 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  iSSj. 


nificenf  form  by  Mr.  Wirgrovc  ;  the  bulbs  were  very 
large  and  handsome,  some  of  Ihem  scaled  nearly 
I5  lb.  Two  or  three  lots  of  ihe  Improved  Banbury 
were  shown,  as  also  other  kinds,  but  none  could 
come  near  to  the  Hero:  it  gained  all  the  prizes  in  the 
first  class.  Ne  Plus  Ultra  Bean  was  shown  by  Mr. 
Wingrove,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the 
prize  dish  of  fifty  pods  was  the  finest  lot  I  ever  saw. 
I  have  grown  the  Champion  Runner,  as  also  Girttord 
Ciiant,  both  very  good  things,  but  they  are  not  equal 
to  this  variety.  It  is,  I  understand,  the  result  of 
several  years'  careful  selection  by  Mr,  Neal,  gardener 
to  P.  .Southby,  Esq.,  Bamplon  ;  it  is  longer  than 
Girtford  Giant,  but  not  so  broad,  but  as  straight  as  it 
is  possible  for  a  Bean  to  grow.  Mr.  Deverill,  of  Ihe 
Royal  Seed  Stores,  Banbury,  has  purchased  Mr. 
Neal's  stock,  and  he  showed  a  grand  lot  of  pods, 
"  not  for  competition,"  as  also  twenty-six  varieties  of 
Onions,  which  proved  a  very  interesting  feature  of  the 
show.  Mr.  Deverill  did  not  go  in  for  size,  though 
they  were  large  enough  certainly,  but  placed  before 
the  public  true  types  of  the  various  stocks,  and  they 
did  him  great  credit,  provit>g  the  great  interest  he 
takes  in  the  selection  of  his  various  stocks  of  Onions. 
Doubtless  we  shall  hear  more  about  this  collection. 
//. 

Fertilisation  of  Figs,  &c.— The  facts  mentioned 
in  your  journal,  No.  60S,  August  22,  p.  247,  under 
the  heading  of  "  The  Fertilisatien  of  Figs  :  Stones  in 
Trees,"  are  well-known  to  me,  but  it  is  doubtful 
whether  both  practices  may  not  be  mere  prejudices. 
Figs  ripen  abundantly  in  many  countries,  certainly  in 
Central  Italy  and  Egypt,  not  to  mention  England, 
without  the  aid  of  the  wild  fruit.  Jujubes,  in  Maltese 
Zinzelli,  in  Italian  Guiggiolo  (Zizyphus  vulgaris, 
Linn.),  ripen  their  fruit  abundantly  in  this  country, 
and  at  Bagdad,  like  other  trees,  vtithout  being  laden 
with  stones.  Nor  do  the  natives  of  Central  Italy  even 
know  that  such  a  practice  exists  anywhere.  It  is  a 
singular  circumstance,  however,  that  in  Apulia,  near 
Taranto,  the  southern  Italians  load  the  prickly  Pear 
or  Indian  Fig  with  stones  in  the  same  manner  and 
with  the  same  intention  as  the  Maltese  do  the  Jujube  ; 
whereas  the  Maltese,  who  also  largely  cultivate 
the  Prickly  Pear,  do  not  do  so.  Thus  we  see 
the  same  practice  applied  by  two  southern 
European  races  to  two  widely  different  plants  ; 
we  must,  therefore,  suppose  it  is  the  tradition  which 
has  survived  of  some  very  remote  superstition.  It 
may  interest  some  of  your  readers  to  know  that  the 
tree  and  fruit  of  the  Jujube,  respectively  Guiggiolo 
and  Guiggiola,  have  given  rise  to  the  following 
Italian  proverbs  :  —  "  ^)«rt«</D //  Guiggiolo  si  riveslc  c 
tu  ti  s^oglia,  •jiianJo  si  s/ogiia  e  tit  ti  vcslc  " — "  When 
the  Guiggiolo  puts  on  its  leaves  you  strip,  when  it 
casts  its  leaves  you  dress  "—in  allusion  to  the  Jujube 
being  one  of  the  latest  trees  to  bud  and  earliest  to 
shed  its  leaves.  Of  the  fruit  Guiggiola,  "  Quesla  e  la 
Guiggiola?" — "This  is  the  question."  "  Cavare  da 
ahun  luogo  la  Guiggiola"  or  "  GuaJagiiare  allro  che 
Guiggiola  "— "  To  derive  a  large  gain."  "  .\v  disgrado 
Vaqua  delle  Gui-^giole"—"  I  do  not  despise  the  water 
of  the  Zizyphus"  is  the  literal  translation— is  said 
ironically  of  one  who  is  very  precise.  The  allusion 
refers  to  a  decoction  of  the  dried  fruit  used  for  colds, 
&c.   H.  J.  Koss. 

Grapes  at  Exeter  Show.— The  judging  of  Grapes 
at  the  above  show  gave,  I  believe,  general  dissatis- 
faction, and  in  one  of  your  contemporaries  has  drawn 
forth  some  rather  plain  and  strong  criticism.  I  have 
no  desire  myself  to  enter  into  any  controversy  on  the 
subject,  but  I  observe  in  the  report  of  the  show  in 
your  columns  your  reporter  stales  that  in  the  2d  prize 
collection  of  six  bunches  (that  of  Iilr.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle),  Foster's  Seedling  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
were  not  quite  ripe.  If  appearance  goes  for  anything, 
I  should  certainly  say  ihey  were  ripe,  for  their  colour 
left  littleor  nothing  to  be  desired,;  indeed,  regarding  the 
first-named  variety  I  can  say  that  only  on  one  previous 
occasion  have  I  seen  it  better.   Grape  Gro-a'cr. 

Slaughter's  Rose  Tube.— This  is  neither  re- 
gistered nor  patented,  but  is  a  great  and  desirable  help 
iathe  way  of  setting  up  cut  Roses  for  exhibition.  It  is 
in  two  parts.  First  of  all  there  is  a  rimless  well  con- 
taining the  water.  Then  the  portion  that  holds  the 
Rose  is  furnished  with  a  circular  flattened  rim  like 
that  of  an  ordinary  Dahlia  tube,  but  the  hole  which 
contains  the  flower  is  much  smaller. .  The  flower  is 
placed  in  this,  and  being  hollow  at  the  bottom,  the 


water  in  the  well  rises  within  it,  and  the  stem  of  the 
flower  is  immersed  in  it.  But  this  is  not  all.  According 
to  the  usages  of  the  National  Rose  Society  blooms  of 
Roses  maybe  wired.  For  this  purpose,  Mr.  Slaughter 
uses  a  somewhat  thick  and  serviceable  but  decidedly 
flexible  galvanized  wire.  At  one  end  is  a  loop  through 
which  the  stem  of  the  flower  is  passed  until  it  is  imme- 
diately under  the  blossom  ;  the  stem  is  fastened  to  the 
wire,  it  is  then  placed  within  the  tube,  and  there  it  is 
in  a  position  favourable  to  showing  off  the  Rose  to  the 
best  advantage.  A  stand  of  flowers  set  up  by  Mr. 
Slaughter  is  highly  attractive.  What  an  improve- 
ment this  is  on  the  old  plan  of  simply  placing  the 
stem  of  the  Rose  in  damp  moss  without  the  assistance 
of  the  tube.  0.ie  thing  militates  against  the  wide  in- 
troduction of  Mr.  Slaughter's  tube,  namely,  that  at  some 
country  shows  the  use  of  the  wire  would  lead  to  dis- 
qualification. But  the  new  tube  and  the  use  of  the 
wire  will  gradually  find  their  way  into  general  use,  to 
the  advantage  of  Rose  exhibitions.  R.  D. 

Erythrina  Crista-Galli.— It  is  singular  that  this 
beautiful  old  plant  commands  at  the  present  time  v^ry 
little  attention,  judging  from  its  extreme  rarity  in  gar- 
dens. Why  this  should  be  perplexes  me.  I  can  call 
to  mind  but  few  instances  where  it  has  come  under  my 
notice.  It  is  cultivated  at  Messrs.  Lucombe,  I'lr.ce 
&  Co.'s  nursery  a>  Exeter,  and  I  remember  seeing  a 
fine  specimen  some  years  ago  on  the  open  wall  and  in 
bloom  at  the  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  and  another  at 
St.  Michael's  Hill  Nursery,  Bristol.  Just  recently, 
however,  I  have  discovered  a  beauty,  enough  to  m.-.ke 
one's  mouth  w.ater,  which,  according  to  the  obliging 
gardener's  (.Mr.  SymeO  testimony,  has  been  flourish- 
ing in  its  present  position  for  a  great  number  of  years. 
It  is  growing  under  the  shelter  of  a  greenhouse  wall 
in  the  open  border  at  Lady  Drake's  charming  resi- 
dence, near  the  mouth  of  the  Exe  in  Devonshire, 
.-nl  its  many  shoots— which,  by  the  way,  spring  up 
annually  from  the  root-stock— are  in  reality  large 
racemes  of  gorgeous  bright  scarlet  flowers.  This  fine 
species  is  certainly  worthy  of  extended  cultivation,  at 
least  in  the  Southern  Couiities,  where  it  is  hardy,  or 
almost  so.    IV.  A'a/per. 

Mesembryanthemum  edule.— Virgil  speaks  of 
certain  shores  as  being  myrtctis  latissima ;  write 
instead  mesembryanthemis,  and  you  have  a  descrip- 
tion applicable  to  the  coast  line  of  Tresco,  one  of  the 
Cassiterides.  In  Mr.  Dorrien  Smith's  garden  this  Me- 
sembryanthemum completely  hides  a  steep  and  rocky 
escarpment,  hangs  down  10  feet  or  more  over  the  face 
of  a  granite  clift,  opposite  the  Sic  vos  non  z'oHs  written 
over  the  entrance  ;  and  thirdly,  forms  a  charming 
bank  of  flower  and  foliage,  60  feet  long,  on  one  side 
of  the  tennis  lawn.  The  two  harbours  of  the  island 
are  named  iJld  and  New  Grimsby.  The  curving 
shore  above  high-water  mark  is  covered  by  broad 
patches  of  it.  The  flowering  season  .begins  in  May 
and  continues  to  the  end  of  August.  Blossoms  now 
are  few  and  far  between,  but  a  copious  crop  of  the 
fruit  is  ripening  off.  Stretches  of  wall  are  completely 
hid.  Where  it  cannot  root  this  succulent  must  derive 
some  nourishment  from  its  own  dead  leaves  and  shoot--, 
over  which  itdenselyclambers.  Itonlyseemstore-rLot, 
however,  when  growing  in  sand  or  other  soils.  The 
use  that  can  be  made  of  this  plant  on  the  south  coast 
of  England  in  binding  sandy  banks  by  the  sea  shore, 
o^trailing  over  rocky  or  stony  ground,  promises  to  be 
immense.  There  can  be  no  doubt,  after  Mr.  Brown's 
explanation,  that  the  Mesembryanthemum,  so  common 
in  the  Scilly  Islands,  is  M.  edule.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

Frost  in  Scotland.— It  is  worth  recording  as 
something  un-sual  that  we  had  6°  of  frost  on  the  night 
of  August  30  all  along  this  pleasant  valley.  Its  blast- 
ini;  effect  is  visible  on  every  breadth  of  Potato  and 
other  tender  crop,  the  Potato  especially  being  quite 
black,  and  giving  off  a  disagreeable  smell  to-day. 
Dahlias,  Heliotropes,  dwarf  French  Beans  and  Scar- 
let Runners— always  a  late  crop  here  ^we  gathered 
our  first  dish  on  August  25— are  blackened,  and  of 
course  are  done  for  this  year.  The  summer  has  been 
unusually  dry,  and  everything  is  suff'ering  for  want 
of  rain.  J.  MacauUy,  Castle  Lcod,  Strathpeffer. 

Begonia  Princess  Beatrice.  —  Among  the 
varieties  of  the  flowering  Begonias  adapted  for  bed- 
ding, this— one  of  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  seedlings- 
must  take  a  high  place.  It  as  a  dwarf  growing  type 
of  the  semperflorens  section,  with  dark  bronze  foliige, 
and  bearing  in  Ihe  most  profuse  manner  large  numbers 


of  pink  and  creamy-white  flowers,  that  almost  hide 
the  foliage  from  view.  There  is  a  large  bed  of  it  in 
the  Portland  Nursery  at  Reading,  affording  an  excel- 
lent test  of  its  bedding  qualities.  Dry  as  the  reason 
has  been,  it  is  seen  to  the  very  best  advantage,  dwarf, 
compact,  yet  free  branching  plants,  flowering  with 
great  persistence.  There  is  one  point  in  its  favour  as 
a  continuous-flowering  bedding  plant- it  produces 
very  few,  if  any,  pods  of  seeds,  and  so  the  energies  of  ' 
the  plants  are  not  expended  in  maturing  seed- 
pods.  A  few  weeks  ago,  a  basket  of  this  Begonia 
was  sent  up  to  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Floral 
Committee  at  South  Kensington,  but,  as  frequently 
happens,  it  was  not  seen  to  the  best  advantage.  If 
this  body  could  see  the  large  bed  of  this  Begonia  at 
Reading,  I  am  persuaded  an  unanimous  vote  would 
award  it  a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit.  R.  D. 

Pear  Congress.— It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Mr. 
Moore's  excellent  suggestion  (see  p.  274)  will  meet 
with  the  attention  it  so  well  deserves  at  the  forth- 
coming Pear  Congress,  viz.,  a  classification  of  Pears 
in  accordance  with  their  ascertained  flavour,  which 
would  be  a  valuable  assistance  to  all  about  to  plant  or 
regraft,  and  of  the  latter  at  least  there  will  no  doubt 
be  many  who  will  feel  grateful  for  reliable  informa- 
tion on  the  subject.  The  influence  of  soil  and 
situation,  as  well  as  methods  of  training,  are  also 
matters  worthy  of  the  consideration,  which  they  will 
doubtless  receive  at  the  hands  of  the  Congress.  Fruils 
grown  in  soil  of  a  light  character  are  frequently  found 
to  differ  very  materially  from  those  of  the  same  variety 
produced  upon  a  heavy  soil,  or  a  soil  in  someway 
differing  in  character.  Even  in  the  same  garden 
such  variety  as  the  Marie  Louise  produced  upon  a 
standard  differs  so  materially  in  appearance  from  the 
same  variety  grown  upon  a  wall-trained  tree,  that  at 
first  sight  they  might  well  be  regarded  as  distinct 
varieties,  while  the  difference  in  flavour  is  equally 
distinct- the  produce  of  the  standard  tree  being 
decidedly  the  best  flavoured,  while  the  fruit  of 
the  trained  tree  has  the  advantage  in  appearance 
P.  Grieve. 

The  Wild  Clematis.— It  is  impossible,  even  if 
one  had  never  read  Carlyle,  not  to  feel  a  great  in- 
terest in  towns  like  Bury  St.  Edmund's.  The  broad 
open  space  between  the  Angel  Hotel  and  the  Botanic 
Gardens  is  unlike  anything  in  any  other  town,  and 
imposing  in  a  very  high  degree.  The  magnificent 
entrance  into  the  gardens  needs  the  art  of  the  pho- 
tographer or  Ihe  pen  of  one  versed  in  architecture  or 
archeology  ;  without  one  or  both  description  would 
be  beggarly.  But  there  is  something  about  the  high 
wall  on  one  side  of  Ihe  entrance  that  everybody  can 
understand  the  beauty  of  without  word-painting  or 
exact  description.  The  something  is,  that  for  a  long 
distance  it  is  overhung  by  a  fluttering  garland  of  the 
wild  Clematis.  Stray  bits  of  walls  in  ruins  are  often 
taken  possession  of  in  the  same  way  : 

"-Nature's  kindly  store 
Of  generous  richness  compensating  Art 
For  Time's  dread  ravage."  C.  A.  M.  C. 

Beds  of  Liliura  giganteum  in  West  Grin- 
stead  Park.— These  are  a  great  feature  in  that  por- 
tion of  the  gardens  in  West  Grinstead  Park  the 
residence  of  Sir  W.  W.  Burrell,  Bart.,  M.P.,  in  which 
Mr.  H.  Bjwell,  the  gardener,  has  naturalised  not  a 
few  valuable  things.  There  are  three  complete  beds, 
and  a  fourth  in  course  of  being  filled,  as  ofi'sets  are 
available.  Two  of  them  flowered  this  season  :  the 
flower-stems  and  seed-pods  remain,  and  the  visitor 
can  glean  some  idea  of  the  beauty  of  these  stately 
plants  a  few  weeks  ago.  The  beds  are  on  the  grass 
in  a  cool  and  shady  position,  open  to  the  sun  in  Ihe 
earlier  part  of  the  day,  and  facing  Ihe  north.  The 
oldest  was  planted  some  years  ago,  and  it  has  remained 
untouched  ;  the  second  was  made  with  Ihe  earliest 
obtainable  oft'sets  ;  and  others  are  being  completed  in 
the  same  way.  It  takes  two  or  three  years  at  least 
to  get  into  the  flowering  stale,  and  then  the  plants 
flower  annually.  The  ofi'sets  are  formed  in  Ihe  shape 
of  small  bulbs  round  ihe  base  of  the  flowering  stem  just 
below  Ihe  surface  of  Ihe  soil,  and  when  sufficient'y 
advanced  they  are  taken  c  ff  and  replanted.  During 
winter  leaf-mould  and  leaves  are  heaped  upon  the 
beds  to  keep  Ihe  roots  without  the  reach  of  frost.  As 
soon  as  the  flowering  stems  begin  to  show  signs  of 
growth,  Mr.  Bowell  has  a  flower-pot  inverted  over 
each,  and  when  cold  weather  threatens  some  leaves 
or  other  protecting  material  is  heaped  upon  Ihem. 
W  hen  too  big  to  be  covered  by  pots  they  are  removed, 


SEPTEMnCR    5,    1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


3H 


and  a  canvas  screen  is  placed  around  the  beds  to 
keep  ihe  biiing  winds  from  harming  ihe  advancing 
stems  ;  and  all  this  care  is  amply  repaid  by  a  very  tine 
head  of  bloom  in  July  and  August.  In  is  computed 
that  in  the  oldest  bed  ths  bulbs  originally  planted  are 
some  3  feet  below  the  surface,  in  consequence  of  the 
leal-mould  being  heaped  upon  the  beds  in  winter  aiid 
spring.   R.  D. 


READING  HORTICULTURAL  AUTUMN 
SHOW  :    August  27. 

This  old  Society  appears  to  have  fallen  upon  evil 
times  this  season.  On  the  occasion  of  their  suminT 
show  on  May  21  it  was  a  drenching  wet  day.  Tlic 
autumn  show  day  was  dull,  cold,  and  threatening,  and 
there  must  have  b^^en  in  both  cases  a  serious  faUing  off 
in  tlie  exchequer  receipts,  and  it  may  riecessitate  ihe 
abandonment  of  one  of  the  two  shows.  The  e.\hibition 
took  place,  as  usual,  in  the  Abbey  ruins,  a  second  tent 
being  necessary  lo  take  the  vegetables  ;  and  the  exhibi- 
lion  was  in  all  respects  up  lo  the  average  of  former 
years,  the  show  of  fiuit  being  very  fine  indeed. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  nine  specimens  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould, 
nurseryman,  Pewsey,  was  ist,  with  a  faiily  good  loi  ; 
Mr.  H.  James,  Castle  Nursery,  Lower  Norwood,  bang 
2d.  Iloth  collections  appeared  to  have  done  good  service 
previously,  and  il  is  not  necessary  to  give  their  names. 

Mr  Mould  had  the  best  specimen  in  flower,  staging  a 
good  Erica  ;  Mr.  James  being  2d,  with  a  Heath  also. 

Mr.  Parliam,  gr.  to  H.  [.  Siaimonds,  Esq.,  Caver- 
sham,  Reading,  had  the  best  new  and  rare  plant,  staging 
a  very  fine  specimen  of  Adiantuni  Williamsi  ;  Mr.  Pound, 
gr.  to  G.  May,  Esq.,Caversham,  being  2d,  with  Catilcy.i 
Gaskelliana. 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  four  stove  and  greenhou  e 
plants  Mr.  Parham  was  1st,  with  excellent  specimens  of 
Clerodendron  fallax,  a  fine  Lantana,  and  Vinca  rost-a 
and  V.  alba;  2d,  Mr.  Lawrence,  gr.  lo  Mrs.  O.vtu 
Knox,  Caversham. 

Fuchsias  were  numerously  and  finely  shown.  Mr. 
Brookcr,  gr.  to  R.  Tompkins,  Esq  ,  Reading,  was  ibt, 
uilh  six  large  and  finely  grown  plants,  a  httle  past  their 
best;  Mr.  Bright,  gr.  to  P.  Karslake,  Esq.,  White 
Knights,  Reading,  being  2d;  and  Mr.  E.  Jones,  nur- 
seryman. Henley-on-Thames,  3d. 

Mr.  Bright  had  the  best  four  plants,  and  Mr.  Mayne, 
gr.  to  Miss  Moon,  Bath  Road,  Reading,  was  2d. 

Cockscombs  were  good,  especially  those  shown  by  Mr. 
Elliot,  gr.  lo  J.  Hibbert,  Esq.,  Braywick,  Maidenhead. 

Balsams  were  not  up  lo  their  usuil  mark  at  Reading  ; 
and  Achimenes  poor. 

Mr.  Hatch,  gr.  to  S.  B.  Stevens,  Esq.,  Reading,  had  a 
group  of  six  good  Lilies,  well  grown  and  flowered,  of  the 
speciosum  type. 

Bedding  Pelargoniums  were  also  a  good  feature. 

FOLIAGED    PLANTS. 

Mr.  Parham  was  ist,  with  six  fine  specimens,  having 
Maranta  zebrina,  Alocasia  Lowii,  Pandanus  Veilchii, 
Maranta  Veitchii,  Croton  variegatum,  and  C.  nvjes- 
ticum  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mould,  with  good  specimens  also. 

Mr.  Parham  also  had  the  best  six  Ferns,  showing 
well-grown  plants  of  Alsophila  australis,  Davallia  Moore- 
ana.  Cibotium  Schiedei,  Davallia  Tyermani,  Cyathea 
dealbata,  and  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla  ;  2d,  Mr. 
James  ;  3d,  Mr.  Mould.  Mr.  Brooker  had  ihe  best  four 
specimens.     Coitus  were  good,  so  were  table  plants. 

Mr.  James  had  the  three  best  Palms,  Mr,  Parham  run- 
ning him  very  close. 

Mr.  Mayne  had  ihe  only  six  Lycopodiums,  smaller 
than  usually  seen  at  this  show. 

Groups  of  Plants  for  ErFEcr. 
Five  of  these  competed  :  Mr.  Parham  was  ist  with  a 
very  tasteful  arrangement  ;  Mr.  Sumner,  gr.  to  J.  H. 
Millard,  Esq.,  Reading,  being  2d  ;  Mr.  James,  ol  Nor- 
wood, and  Mr.  Phippen,  Reading,  being  placed equil  3d. 
At  Reading  it  is  usual  to  arrange  these  groups  in  the 
form  of  squares  on  a  sloping  bank.  Mr.  James  put  his 
in  the  form  of  a  half-circle,  which  made  it  much  more 
(.ffective. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  were  numerous  and  good.  Cut  Phloxes  were 
finely  shown  by  Mr.  Woodford,  gr.  to  A.  Palmer,  Esq., 
Reading;  Mr.  J.  Tranter,  Upper  Assenden,  Henley-on- 
Thame?,  being  2d.  The  stands  were  composed  of 
nine  bunches. 

Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Crawley,  had 
the  best  siand  of  eighteen  Dahlias,  Mr.  Tranter  being 
2d — the  flowers  very  good  indeed  ;  and  the  same  posi- 
tions were  maintained  in  the  class  for  twelve  fancies. 

Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons  had  the  best  lot  of  twelve 
bunches  of  single  Dahlias,  setting  up  a  very  fine  lot, 
admirably  arranged  ;  Mr.  Jackson,  Kidderminster,  being 
2d. 

The  best  eighteen  Roses. — A  remarkably  good  lot  c;ime 
from  T.  W.  Girdlcstone,  Esq  ,  Sunningdale.  ;  Messrs.  J. 
Cheal  &  Sons  2d. 

Mr.  Girdlcstone  had  the  best  twelve  Roses  ;  Mr. 
Turton,  gr.  to  J.  Hargreaves,  Esq..  Maiden  Eil  i^jh, 
being  2d.  Asters  in  three  classes,  Gladioli  and  djuble 
Zinnias  were  all  well  shown,  the  season  considered. 

Mr.    James  had   the  best  eighteen  flowers  of  stove 


and  greenhouse   plants  ;    Mr.    Phippen    came  2d  wiih 
hardy  fiowers,  a  very  fine  lot. 

In  the  class  for  six  bunnhes  of  hardy  flowers.  _Mr. 
Summers  was  isi  ;  and  Mr.  Durman,  gr.  lo  J.  VV, 
Workman,  Reading,  2d. 

Table  Decorations,  &c. 

The  best  three  vases  for  table  decoration  came  from 
Miss  Phillips,  Abbot's  Walk,  Reading  ;  Mrs.  Johnstone, 
Donnington,  Newbury,  being  2d. 

The  same  number  in  wild  flowers  came  from  Miss 
Cole,  Reading,  a  charming  arrangement  ;  Miss  Barrett 
being  2d. 

Miss  L  Phillips  had  the  best  basket  of  sweet-scented 
flowers  ;  Miss  N.  Cole,  Reading,  2i. 

Mr.  Phippen  had  the  best  bridal  bouquet ;  Mr.  Jack- 
son being  2d. 

Mr.  Elliot  had  the  bc^t  three  buttonholes  ;  Mr.  Phip- 
pen being  2d. 

<  Fkuit. 

Grapes  were  a  great  feature,  they  were  numerous  and 
very  fine.  As  usual,  Mr.  Ashby,  gr.  to  W.  Fanning,  Esq., 
Whitchurch,  was  ist,  with  three  bu.iches  of  Black  Ham- 
burgh, staging  superbly  finished  examples  ;  Mr.  Turton 
was  a  good  2d.  and  Mr.  Cakebread,  ihe  Gardens, 
Ra>ner's  Penn,  3d. 

In  ihe  class  for  any  other  black  Mr.  Ashby  was  ist, 
with  very  fine  Madresfield  Court,  Mr.  Cakebread  being  2d, 
and  Mr.  Goodman  3d,  with  superb  Alicante. 

Mr.  Maher,  gr.  to  .\.  Waterhouse,  Esq.,  Newbury, 
was  ist,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Mr.  Ashby  being 
2d.  and  Mr.  Eiobinson  3d.     These  were  very  good. 

In  the  class  for  any  other  white  Mr.  Kneller,  gr.  lo 
W.  S.  Portal,  Esq.,  Malshanger  Park,  Basingstoke,  was 
ist,  with  very  fine  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  Mr.  Ashby 
being  2d,  with  Golden  Hamburgh  ;  and  Mr.  Maher  3d, 
with  Buckland  Sweetwater. 

Time  did  not  permit  of  notes  being  taken  of  the 
awards  for  Peaches,  Apricots,  Nectarines,  and  Figs, 
shown  in  single  dishes,  but  there  was  a  fine  display. 

Mr.  Bridgman  had  the  best  three  dishes  of  Plums, 
Mr.  Ross  the  best  six  dislies  of  dessert  Apples,  Mr. 
Turton  the  first  six  dishes  ot  cuUnary  sorts,  and  Mr. 
Hermon  ihe  besi  four  dishes  of  Pears. 

Collections  of  fruit  were  a  great  feature.  The  best 
eight  dishes  came  from  Mr.  Howe,  gr.  to  Sir  R.  Sutton, 
Bart.,  Benham  Park.  Newbury,  who  had  Madresfield 
Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Peaches.  Nec- 
tarines, Figs,  Pine.  Apricots,  and  a  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Goodman,  Bourne  End  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  King,  The  Gardens, 
Devizes  Castle. 

Mr.  Ashby  had  the  best  six  dishes,  setting  up  Muscat 
of  Alexandria  and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Figs,  and  Melons  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lockie,  Tlie 
Gardens,  Oakley  Court,  Windsor  ;  3d,  Mr.  Cakebread. 

Vegetables. 

Of  these  there  was  a  wonderful  show.  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Sons  offered  special  prizes  for  nine  dishes,  Mr.  Holt, 
gr.  to  Major  Allfrey,  Wokefield  Park,  being  ist  ;  Mr. 
Elliott  2d,  Mr.  Ross  3d,  and  Mr.  R.  Lye,  The  Gardens, 
Sydmonton  Park  Nursery,  3d. 

The  isl  of  their  special  prizes  for  six  dishes  went  to 
Mr.  G.  H.  Richirds,  The  Gardens,  Somerley,  Ring- 
wood  ;  Mr.  Lye  being  2d,  Mr.  Kneller  3d,  and  Mr. 
Lockie  4th. 

Mr.  Howe  hid  the  best  brace  of  Melons,  Mr.  Ross 
2d,  and  Mr.  Turton  3d. 

Messrs.  Webb  tt  Sons,  seedsmen,  Stourbridge,  offered 
special  prizes  for  six  dislies  of  vegetables,  Mr.  Bower- 
man,  The  Gardens,  Hackwood  Park,  Basingstoke, 
being  ist ;  Mr.  Elliott  2d,  and  Mr.  Lye  3d. 

Messrs.  Carter  li  Co  ,  seedsmen.  High  Holborn, 
offered  special  priz'_'s  for  a  brace  of  their  Model  Cucum- 
ber ;  Mr.  Elliott  was  ist,  and  Mr.  Beckett  2d. 

Mr.  Lockie  was  ist,  with  a  brace  of  Blenheim  Orange 
Melon,  the  special  prizes  oftered  by  the  same  firm  ;  Mr. 
Howe  being  2d. 

Mr.  C.  Fidler,  Potato  merchant,  Reading,  also  offered 
special  prizes  for  six  dishes  of  Potatos.  Mr.  Holt  was 
ist,  with  very  fine  examples  of  Lady  Truscolt,  Fillies, 
Annie,  Prizetaker,  International,  Reading  Ruby,  and 
Standard;  2d,  Mr.  Elliott;  3d,  Mr.  Ross  ;.  4th,  Mr. 
Lye. 

HARPENDEN    HORTICULTUAL  : 

August  25. 

The  seventh  annual  £ho\v  of  this  Society  was  held,  as 
in  former  years,  near  the  entrance  to  ihe  charming  Park 
of  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  Roihamsted,  President  of  the  Society. 
The  day,  although  cloudy  and  somewhat  threatening, 
proved  tine  and  enjoyable,  and  the  influx  of  visitors  was 
accordmgly  large.  The  show  has  now  entirely  developed 
from  a  village  gathering  to  a  county  exhibition,  and 
enrols  amongst  its  patrons  most  of  the  principal  aris- 
tocracy in  the  neighbourhood.  The  committee  may 
well,  therefore,  be  congratulated,  not  only  upon  their 
long  list  of  subscribers,  but  for  the  collection  of 
fioricultnral  and  horticultural  productions  brought  to- 
gether. The  exhibits  were  contained  in  three  marquees, 
the  two  largest  being  each  of  them  over  100  feet  in 
length  by  50  feet  wide  ;  the  third,  a  smaller  one,  being 
devoted  exclusively  to  dinner-table  decorations  and 
exhibits  in  the  ladies  division  forming  a  pretty  and,  lo  the 
fair  sex,  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of  ihe  show. 

Plants. 
In  the  class  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  dis- 
tinct, not  less  than  three  in  flower,  there  were  but  two 
competitors — C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Under- 
wood), High  Firs,  Harpenden  ;  and  J.  B.  Maple,  Esq. 
(gr.  Mr.  C.  Pollard),  Childwickbury,  St.  Alban's  ;  both 
showed  plants  of  great  merit,  those  ot  the  former,   to 


which  was  awarded  ist  prize,  including  Dipladenia  boli- 
viensis,  AlUmanda  Schoitii,  Bougainvillca  glabra,  Vinca 
oculata,  V.  rosea,  and  Croton  variegalus. 

For  a  group  of  plants,  arranged  for  effect,  on  staging 
12  feel  by  6  feel,  special  prizes  were  offered  by  C.  R. 
Fenwick.  Esq.,  High  Firs,  and  were  won  by  J.  B. 
Maple,  Esq.,  and  W.  B.  Greenfield,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr,  T. 
Freeman,  Beechwood  Park)  ;  both  were  good,  but  the 
collection  of  the  latter  contained  less  colour  and  more 
foliage,  imparting  a  somewhat  heavy  appearance. 

The  entrance  to  the  largest  tent  was  adorned  with  an 
exceedingly  useful  set  of  flowering  plants,  in  competition 
for  a  special  prize  oflTered  by  W.  S.  Brown,  Esq.,  Digs- 
well  House,  Welwyn,  and  was  descrvlngly  awarded  to 
C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr,  S.  Underwood),  High 
Firs,  Harpenden. 

Rapid  strides  h  ive  of  late  years  been  made  in  ihe  im- 
provement of  tuberous-rooted  Begonias.  Few  would  - 
have  thought  a  few  years  ago  that  this  deservedly  popular 
class  of  free-flowering  plants  would  have  attained  to  such 
a  high  standard  of  perfection  as  they  now  have  done.  No 
firm  has  done  more  towards  effecting  this  improvement 
than  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  of  Forest  HiU. 

For  a  special  prize  offered  by  tliis  firm  for  six  named 
tuberous  Begonias  in  flower,  Mrs.  Warde  (gr.,  Mr.  G. 
Smith),  Bennetts,  Harpenden,  staged  six  of  the  hind- 
somesl  and  cleanest  grown  plants  we  have  seen  for  a  long 
time,  including  President  Burelle.  a  double  fiery  red  with  " 
blooms  3  to  4  inches  across  ;  Princess  Beatrice,  a  fine 
pure  white  ;  and  General  Wood,  a  velvety-crimson,  of 
great  beauty. 

Only  two  entries  were  made  for  exotic  Ferns  for  a  special 
prize  offered  Mrs.  Olive,  Wheathamstead  House,  pre- 
mier honours  going  to  C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.  (gr. ,  Mr.  G. 
Underwood),  for  Adiantum  Williamsii,  A.  formosum,  A. 
trapeziforme,  EJSivallia  Mooreana,  Microlepia  hirta  cris- 
tata,  and  Lygodium  scandens,  which  was  especially 
worthy  of  attention.  The  2d  prize  went  lo  A.  B. 
Twining,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr."  A.  Rumbolds),  The  Elms,  St. 
Alban's,  whose  Ferns  were  remarkably  good,  in  fact 
there  was  a  close  run  between  the  competing  lots. 

There  were  some  well  grown  Fuchsias  shown  in  fine 
bloom,  ihe  isl  prize  being  taken  by  H.  T.  Hodgson, 
Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  C.  Sibley),  the  same  exhibitor  taking  ist 
for  zonal  Pelargoniums. 

Plants  for  ihe  decoration  of  the  dinner-table  were 
shown  in  quantity.  J.  B.  Maple,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  C. 
Pollard),  was  ist  ;  the  2d  prize  tor  an  equally  creditable 
lot  going  to  P.  Bosanquet,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  H.  Tilbury), 
Little  Berkhamsted. 

Cut  Flowers. 

The  cut  flowers  exhibited  on  the  side  tables  comprised 
a  magnificent  collection  of  Roses,  Dahlias,  and  herba- 
ceous flowers  from  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  W.  Paul  & 
Son,  WaUham  Cross,  and  an  equally  attractive  group  of 
stands  from  Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Sons,  the  Old  Nurseries, 
Cheshunl,  which  afforded  abundant  interest  to  all  lovers 
of  good  flowers  and  imparted  a  bright  and  cheerful 
appearance  to  ihe  show. 

The  Roses  which  seemed  lo  us  most  worthy  of  atten- 
tion were  Duchess  of  Connaught,  H.P.  ;  Madame 
Eugene  Verdier,  Madame  Remond,  Tea-scented  ;  Grace 
DarUng,  White  Baroness.  H.P.  ;  Beaute  de  I'Europe, 
Tea-scented;  Madame  Fanny  de  Forest,.  Noisette  Per- 
petual ;  Queen  of  Queens.  H.P.  ;  Sultan  of  Zanzibar, 
Victor  Hugo,  Pride  of  Reigate,  and  Mrs.  Baker.  The 
red  climbing  Ayrshire  Rose,  Madame  Viviand  Morel,  is 
worth  notice,  and  for  general  cultivation  Charles  Lamb 
and  Garden  Favourite  are  recommended,  while  Emprror 
and  Empress  are  both  valuable  varieties  for  button-hole 
bouquets. 

The  recent  change  in  the  weather  came  just  in  the 
nick  of  lime  and  enabled  a  charming  lot  of  Dahlias  to 
be  staged,  remarkable  both  for  size  and  colour,  the  ist 
prize  for  a  collection  of  forty-eight  varieties  being  awarded 
to  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  Bishop  Stortford,  whose  asso- 
ciation with  Dahhas  is  well  known  ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son, 
Cheshunl,  took  2d,  for  a  good  lot  in  excellent  condition. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  Dahlias,  Mr.  Thos.  Garrett, 
Bishop  Stortford,  exhibited  varieties  of  the  greatest 
excellence,  with  some  stands  of  seedlings,  not  for  com- 
petition, the  blooms  of  which  for  size  and  depth  of  hue 
almost  rivalled  any  we  ever  remember  to  have  seen, 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons,  Cheshunl,  obtained  ist  place  fur 
twelve  Roses  ;  the  Rev,  W.  H.  Jackson,  Stagsden  Vicar- 
age, coming  2d— one  of  the  best  exhibits  in  this  class, 
that  of  W.  G.  Brown,  Esq.,  Digswell  House,  being 
unfortunately  disqualified  by  reason  of  the  added  foliage 
not  being  allowed. 

Fruit. 

In  the  fruit  classes  some  capital  exhibits  were  shown. 
Grapes  being  particularly  well  represented  ;  but  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  were  of  poorer  quality.  The  chief  prize 
for  Grapes  was  won  by  J.  Macandrew.  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  J, 
Lowry),  Belmont,  Mill  Hill,  for  three  bunches,  com- 
prising Muscat,  Alicante,  and  Madresfield  Court,  fine  in 
lierry  and  colour. 

For  special  prizes  offered  by  H.  T.  Hodgson,  Esq  , 
Treasurer  of  the  Society,  for  a  collection  of  fruit, 
eight  dishes,  distinct  kinds,  there  were  several  com- 
petitors, the  winners  being  J.  B.  Maple,  Esq.,  (gr., 
Mr.  C.  Pollard),  Childwickbury  ;  W.  B.  Greenfield, 
V.^(\.  /gr.,  Mr.  J.  Freeman),  Beechwood  Park  ;  and  P. 
Bosaiiquet,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  H.  Tilbury),  Pondfield,  Little 
Berkhampstead. 

Vegetables. 

Notwithstanding  the  unfavourableness  of  ihe  present 
saason  for  vegetables  as  a  whole,  there  was  but  little  to 
complain  of  in  the  numerous  and  well-grown  productions 
brought  together  on  this  occasion,  the  Potatos  being  re- 
markable both  for  size  and  symmetry. 

The  special  prizes  oftered  by  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons, 
Wordsley,  Stourbridge,  for  the  best  collection  of  vege- 
tables, consisting  ol  six  distinct  kinds,  to  include  at  least 


312 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


two  of  Webb's  varieties, ';and  named  in  their  Spring 
Catalogue  for  1885,  there  were  five  competitors,  all 
showing  vegetables  that  left  little  to  be  desired.  The 
cottagers'  classes  were  well  contested. 

Wild  Fruits. 
A  particularly  interesting  feature,  and  one  that  at- 
tracted a  vast  amount  of  attention,  were  several  collec- 
tions of  wild  fruits,  separately  arranged  and  named  for 
prizes,  offered  by  D.  Martineau,  Esq.,  Clapham  Park, 
open  to  boys  and  giris  of  any  of  the  schools  in  the 
parish  of  Harpenden.  The  youthful  competitors  showed 
great  discrimination  and  skill  in  their  selections,  and 
gathered  as  many  as  forty  different  species. 

Dinner-table  Decorations. 
There  were  four  tables  in  the  decorative  competition, 
prizes  for  which  were  contributed  by  ladies  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. In  this  display  the  ist  prize  was  awarded  to 
Miss  Bloomfield,  of  Luton  ;  with  a  few  flowers  of  various 
colours,  mi.Ked  with  Maidenhair  Ferns  and  grasses,  a 
light  and  graceful  adornment  was  produced.  Miss 
Sheppard,  of  Wheathampstead,  was  placed  2d.  Here  the 
arrangement  was  somewhat  heavy,  although  choice,  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  variegated  foliage  of  Coleus,  with  the 
bright  yellow  flowers  of  .\llamanda  ;  the  small  side  vases 
contained  little  bouquets  in  which  scarlet  Pelargoniums 
predominated.  The  fruit  was  of  first  quahty.  The  3d 
prize  was  awarded  to  Mrs.  Stevens,  of  Harpenden. 
Here,  again,  the  AUamanda  prevailed,  a  central  basket 
being  almost  over-filled  with  flowers  of  that  intense 
bright  yellow  colour.  This  table  was,  however,  much 
admired,  and  great  diversity  of  opinion  was  expressed 
as  to  the  several  merits  of  each. 

Honey. 
In  this  division  the  exhibits  were  more  numerous  than 
usual,  and  of  marked  excellence,  bee  culture  having 
made  great  progress  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood 
during  the  last  few  years,  owing  mainly  to  the  praise- 
worthy exertions  of  the  Herts  branch  of  the  British  Bee- 
keepers' Association.  J.  J.  W, 


SANDY    AND    DISTRICT    HORTICUL- 
TURAL ;  August  28. 

This  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  important  and 
successful  of  the  exhibitions  of  this  character  held  in  the 
county  of  Bedford.  Some  forty-four  towns  and  villages, 
mainly  the  latter,  are  represented  upon  its  district  com- 
mittee, and  it  is,  therefore,  no  wonder  that  its  shows, 
when  favoured  by  fine  weather,  are  so  successful  that  on 
this  occasion,  as  in  1884,  the  sum  of  just  over  /179  was 
taken  in  admission.  It  may  be  termed  a  universal  show, 
for  it  includes  plants,  flowers,  fruits,  vegetables,  farming 
and  market  garden  produce,  needlework  and  darning, 
honey,  butter,  eggs  and  dressed  (owls,  and  also  cage 
birds,  pigeons,  poultry,  rabbits,  and  bees.  The  show 
was  held,  as  usual,  in  the  grounds,  Sandy  Place,  the 
residence  of  J.  H.  Foster,  Esq.,  the  tents  containing 
the  above  exhibits  being  ranged  in  a  circle  round  a  con- 
siderable space  of  ground. 

Plants. 

The  handsome  prizes  offered  for  collections  of  ten 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants  were  sufficiently  good  to 
enable  Mr.  J.  Cypher  to  bring  a  group  from  Chelten- 
ham, and  he  had  no  difficulty  in  taking  the  ist  prize, 
his  leading  plants  being  Phoenoconia  prolifera  Barnesi, 
a  very  fine  specimen  Statice  profusa.  Erica  retorta  major, 
E.  Irbyana,  E.  obovata  purpurea.  Rhododendron  Duchess 
of  Edinburgh,  Ixora  Pilgrimi,  and  Bougainvillea  glabra  ; 
Mr.  Rabbltt,  gr.  to  General  Pearson,  The  Hasells. 
Sandy,  came  in  a  good  2d  ;  and  Mr.  ].  F.  Mould,  nur- 
seryman, Pewsey,  3d. 

In  the  class  for  six  flowering  plants,  open  to  all  except 
nurserymen,  Mr.  G.  Redman,  gr.  to  ].  H.  Goodjames, 
Esq.,  Eynesbury,  .St.  Neot's,  wastheonlyexhibitor,  having 
a  very  fine  lot  consisting  of  a  Statice  profusa,  a  magificent 
Bougainvillea  glabra,  Ixora  javanica  floribunda,  Stepha- 
notis  floribunda,  Dipladenia  insignis,  and  Justicia 
carnea. 

One  class  open  to  all  was  for  twelve  plants  of  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  and  here  Mr.  Rabbitt  was  ist  with  a  very 
good  lot,  fresh  and  nicely  grown  ;  Mr.  Redman  being  2d. 

Tuberous-rooted  Begonias  were  an  excellent  feature, 
especially  those  shown,  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Apthorpe,  Cam- 
bridge, good  varieties,  admirably  grown  and  flowered, 
and  fully  illustrating  what  admirable  exhibition  plants 
they  make  when  well  managed. 

Other  flowering  plants  comprised  Liliuras,  Achimenes, 
Balsams,  Fuchsias,  the  production  of  local  growers,  and 
generally  well  done. 

Foliage  plants  were  represented  by  a  good  group  of 
six  specimens  from  Mr.  G.  Claydon,  gr.  to  J,  Hastell, 
Esq.,  Woodbury  Hall,  Sandy,  Croton  Queen  Victoria 
and  C.  Weismanni  being  well  grown  and  coloured  ;  Mr. 
W.  Rabbitt  was  placed  2d. 

Groups  of  six  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns  were  also  a 
good  feature,  the  best  coming  from  Mr.  T.  Titbrook,  gr. 
to  B.  Brown,  Esq.,  Houghton,  Huntingdon  ;  it  included 
a  very  fine  Adiantum  Williamsii,  which  makes  a  charm- 
ing exhibition  Fern  ;  A.  concinnum,  A.  c.  latum,  &c. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  a  good  competition  in  the  class  for  forty- 
eight  Roses,  no  less  than  twenty-four  varieties  :  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  were  ist  ;  Mr.  G. 
Prince,  Oxford,  2d  ;  and  Messrs.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Cam- 
bridge, 3d  ;  all  with  capital  flowers  for  the  season. 
P-  The  best  twenty-four  blooms  came  Irom  E.  B.  Lind- 
sell,  Esq.,  Hitchin  ;  the  Rev.  G.  H.   Gall,  of  the  same 


place,  being  2d,  both  local  growers  of  considerable  re- 
pute. 

The  only  exhibitors  of  twenty-four  spikes  of  Gladioli 
were  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Cambridge,  who  staged 
a  very  fine  stand  of  blooms  of  the  best  quality. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  Dahlias,  show  varieties, 
Mr.  R.  Petfield,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Thornhill,  Esq.,  M.P., 
Diddington,  Huntingdon,  was  ist  with  a  remarkably  fine 
lot  of  flowers,  including  excellent  examples  of  the  Rev. 
].  Goodhay,  Ethel  Britton,  Statesman,  Rosetta,  Herbert 
'Turner,  Shirley  Hibberd,  J.  W,  Lord,  Perfection  of 
Primroses,  Vice-President,  Mr.  P.  Wyndham,  George 
Rawlings,  Mrs.  Harris,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Joseph  Ashby, 
James  Vick,  Goldfinder,  Imperial,  Sunbeam,  John 
Wyatt,  Harrison  Weir,  and  John  Henshaw  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  House,  Peterborough. 
In  the  classes  for  twelve  blooms  of  show,  and  for  six  fancy 
Dahlias,  Mr.  Petfield  was  again  ist,  his  flowers  being  of 
the  highest  order  of  merit.  Asters,  Zinnias,  and  Mari- 
golds, owing  to  the  drought,  were  not  so  good  as  they 
are  usually  seen  at  Sandy. 

The  best  stand  of  twelve  bunches  of  cut  flowers  came 
from  Mr.  Redman,  a  very  fine  lot  indeed,  including 
Lapageria  rosea,  Dipladenia  profusa,  AUamanda 
Hendersoni,  Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  &c.  Mr.  T. 
Smith,  gr.  to  Miss  Cheere,  Papworth  Hall,  St.  Ive's, 
was  2d. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  cut  blooms  of  single  and  double 
Begonias  came  from  Mr.  E.  Edwards,  florist,  Leighton 
Buzzard,  showing  many  shades  ol  colour,  and  they  were 
deservedly  Highly  Commended. 

Fruit. 
This  was  one  of  the  best  exhibitions  of  fruit  seen  at 
Sandy  for  some  time,  baskets  of  eight  varieties  being 
strongly  recommended.  The  best  came  from  Mr.  G,  R. 
Allis,  gr,  to  Major  Shuttleworth,  Old  Warden,  Biggles- 
wade, who  had  black  and  white  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectar- 
ines, Figs,  Cherries,  and  Apricots  ;  Mr.  Tilbrook  came 
in  a  close  2d.  Mr.  W.  H.  Murfin,  Great  Stoughton,  St. 
Neot's,  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes.  Mr.  Tilbrook  had  the  best  two  of  any  other 
black,  staging  superbly  finished  Gros  Maroc,  and  also 
the  best  two  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  Mr. 
Aldis  being  ist  with  any  other  white,  putting  up  good 
Buckland  Sweetwater.  All  other  kinds  of  fruit  were 
well  represented,  especially  Plums,  Apples,  and  Pears. 

Vegetables. 

Owing  to  the  drought  these  were  not  so  numerous  as 
usual,  but  they  were  very  fine  in  quality.  Mr.  Ellis, 
Bedford,  had  the  best  collection  of  twelve  varieties — a 
very  fine  lot  indeed. 

In  the  class  for  six  sorts  of  Potatos  Mr.  Arthur,  gr.  to 
P.  Meyer,  Esq  ,  Orwell,  Royston,  was  isl,  with  a  very 
fine  collection,  tlie  sorts  being  Reading  Russet,  The  Dean, 
Schoolmaster,  Prime  Minister,  Chancellor,  and  Mr. 
Bresee :  2d,  Mr.  Carter,  gr.  to  Captain  Duncombe, 
Waresley  Park,  St.  Neot's. 

In  the  classes  for  single  dishes  of  round  varieties 
Schoolm.aster,  Reading  Russet,  and  The  Dean  were 
especially  good. 

Onions  were  a  great  feature.  Sandy  is  one  of  the 
great  Onion  growing  districts,  and  is  famous  for  its  fine 
produce.  Among  the  many  varieties  shown  one  marked 
a  new  variety,  staged  in  the  White  Globe  class,  and  said 
to  have  been  raised  from  Magnum  Bonum  crossed  with 
Nuneham  Park,  was  especially  fine. 

Carrots,  Parsnips,  Beans,  Turnips.  &c.,  were  in  strong 
force,  and  generally  of  very  fine  quality. 


a  nearly  even  surface  to  the  eye  ;  "  a^vord  to', the  wise  " 
is  sufficient. 

Five  collections  of  fruit  were  staged  in  the  open  class, 
all  of  good  quality.  The  premier  position  was  deservedly 
won  by  Mr.  E.  Gilman,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury 
and  Talbot,  Ingestre,  Stafford,  who  staged  good  Grapes, 
Pines,  Melons,  superb  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  and  nice 
dishes  of  Figs  and  Apricots  ;  Mr.  Edmonds,  gr.  to  the 
Duke  of  St.  Alban's,  Bestwood,  was  a  good  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Ward,  of  The  Reddings.  Alfreton,  was  3d. 

In  single  dishes  of  Grapes,  Mr.  Ward  was  ist,  and 
Mr.  Shaw  was  2d. 

Six  Peaches.— ist,  Mr.  Webb  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gilman. 

Six  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Gilman  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ward. 

Six  Apricots. — ist,  Mr.  Gilman  ;  2d,  Mr.  Goodacre, 
Elvaston  Castle. 

Roses  and  Dahlias  were  well  shown  by  Messrs.  Proctor, 
of  Chesterfield  ;  Clarke,  and  Boston. 

In  the  class  for  gentlemen's  gardeners,  Messrs.  Walker, 
Broomhall  Field  Gardens  ;  Foggin,  Tapton  Hall  ;  Al- 
biston,  Rotherham  Park  ;  Urton,  of  Greenhill  ;  and 
Needham,  of  Ridgeway,  were  the  chief  prizetakers.  The 
Grapes  exhibited  in  this  class  would  have  been  much 
better  hidden  from  the  popular  gaze  by  means  of  their 
own  foliage. 

Competition  amongst  vegetables  in  the  amateurs'  and 
cottage  gardeners'  classes  was  very  keen,  the  prizes  being 
taken  by  growers  in  the  surrounding  localities. 


HANDSWORTH  HORTICULTURAL: 
August  26. 

The  twenty-second  exhibition  of  the  Handsworth 
Floral,  Horticultural,  and  Cottage  Gardeners'  Society 
was  held  on  the  above  date.  The  show,  as  a  whole, 
w.as  much  better  than  usu^,  and  the  attendance  very 
good.  The  principal  features  of  the  exhibition  were  the 
groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  the  space  to  be 
covered  not  less  than  400  feet,  and  the  collections  of 
fruit  in  the  open  class. 

Mr.  Thacker,  of  Nottingham,  carried  off  ist  honours 
in  groups  (open)  with  an  exceedingly  artistic  arrange- 
ment in  "greens"  (to  use  a  Whistlerian  expression), 
which  had  a  very  sombre  appearance.  Palms  were  the 
predominant  feature,  and  the  groundwork  was  of  dark 
green  moss,  the  whole  giving  one  an  idea  of  a  tropical 
forest  in  miniature.  Ravines,  plains,  and  gullies  were 
represented,  and  in  suitable  positions,  AlocasLas,  Anthu- 
riums,  Bertolonias,  Caladiums.  Gymnostachys,  Dar- 
lingtonias  &c.,  were  placed  flowers  were  meagrely 
introduceo,  the  "high  Ughts "  and  "middle  lights" 
being  dependent  upon  a  few  representatives  of  Alocasias, 
Anthuriums,  and  Crotons  :  a  little  more  colouring  would 
have  rendered  the  group  more  satisfactory,  charming 
as  it  was.  The  2d  prize  was  deseri'cdly  won  by  Mr. 
Hiram  Shaw,  nurseryman,  Richmond,  Sheffield,  with  a 
splendid  group  ;  here  flowering  and  (oliaged  plants  were 
more  equally  represented,  and  excellent  taste  was  dis- 
played in  the  arrangement  of  the  colours,  but  Mr.  Shaw 
did  not  aim  at  artistic  effect  in  the  sense  as  applied  to 
Mr.  Thacker's  group,  and  evidently  relied  upon  the 
quality  of  his  plants  individually  and  collectively,  without 
any  reference  to  ' '  scenes  from  Nature, "  and  the  effect 
produced  was  magnificent.  Mr.  Benjamin  Crosland, 
Sheffield,  was  a  good  3d  with  a  very  meritorious  ar- 
rangement, reflecting  great  credit  upon  his  young  sons. 
Mr.  Webb,  gr.  to  J.  H.  Manners-Sutton,  Esq.,  Newark, 
was  the  fourth  exhibitor,  who  would  in  all  probabiluy 
have  secured  a  better  position  had  he  elevated  a  few  ot 
his  graceful  foliage  plants,  instead  of  nearly  burying 
them  amongst  their  suffer  neighbours,  and  presenting 


BANBURY. 


The  thirty-ninth  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held 
on  Tuesday.  August  25,  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of 
Neithrop  House,  the  residence  of  Captain  Benyon.  The 
exhibition  on  this  occasion  fully  maintained  its, former 
standard  of  excellence  throughout. 

For  the  best  collection  of  ornamental  and  flowering 
plants  arranged  for  effect,  the  prize  went  deservedly  to 
Mr.  Doherty,  gr.  to  Lord  North,  who  displayed  judg- 
ment and  taste  in  his  arrangement  ;  he  was  also  ist  for 
Ferns,  six  varieties  (British),  ist  for  black  Grapes  (not 
Hamburgh),  and  ist  for  white  Grapes  (not  Muscats). 

The  1st  card  for  eight  varieties  ot  stove  or  greenhouse 
plants  went  to  Mr.  Pearce.  gr.  to  Foster  Melliar,  Esq., 
followed  closely  by  Mr.  Doherty. 

For  cut  flowers,  twenty-four  bouquets,  and  not  less 
than  eighteen  varieties,  Mr.  Wingrove,  gr.  to  R.  N. 
Byass,  Esq.,  carried  off  the  ist  prize. 

The  1st  prize  for  white  Muscat  Grapes,  as  also  Black 
Hamburgh  was  secured  by  Mr.  G.  Parker,  gr.  to  M.  P. 
W.  Boulton.  Esq.,  in  both  instances  very  meritorious 
exhibits. 

The  ist  honours  for  the  best  collection  of  fruit  went 
to  Mr.  Wiles,  gr.  to  R.  A.  Cartwright,  Esq.,  and  the  ist 
honours  for  a  collection  of  nine  varieties  of  Potatos,  nine 
tubers  of  each,  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to  the 
Ven.  Archdeacon  Holbech. 

The  Onion  classes  produced  a  good  competition,  and 
proved  a  feature  of  the  show.  Mr.  Wingrove,  gr.  to 
R.  N.  Byass,  Esq.,  for  the  third  year  in  succession, 
carried  off  the  ist  prize  with  twelve  massive  bulbs  of 
Deverill's  Rousham  Park  Hero,  some  of  which  girthed 
15  inches,  and  weighed  l  lb.  6  oz.  each  ;  the  2d,  3d, 
and  4th  prizes  were  awarded  to  the  same  variety.  Mr. 
Deverill,  of  the  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Banbury,  exhibited 
one  of  the  best  collections  of  Onions  ever  staged,  com- 
prising no  less  than  twenty-six  varieties  of  the  leading 
kinds,  all  named  and  tastefully  arranged.  This  stand 
proved  a  source  of  great  interest.  The  same  coUection 
will  be  exhibited  at  the  Dundee  and  Royal  Caledonian 
shows  next  month. 

One  of  the  best  things  in  the  vegetable  classes  was  the 
new  Runner  Bean,  Neal's  Ne  Plus  Ultra.  Mr.  Win- 
grove exhibited  fifty'specimens,  the  like  of  which  have 
never  been  seen  in  this  district  before,  and  which  gained 
the  ist  prize,  being  a  long  way  before  any  other  variety. 


SCOTTISH    HORTICULTURAL    ASSO- 
CIATION. 

At  a  largely  attended  meeting  of  this  Association, 
held  on  Tuesday,  September  i,  at  s,  St.  Andrew's 
Square,  Edinburgh— Mr.  Malcolm  Dunn,  Dalkeith 
Gardens,  presiding— Mr.  Peter  Fairgrieve,  Dunkeld, 
read  a  paper  on  "  The  Formation  of  Borders  for  Hardy 
Fruit  Trees."  If,  he  said,  the  ground  was  at  afl  in- 
clined to  be  damp,  or  the  subsoil  adhesive,  by  all  means 
let  the  border  be  property  drained.  After  the  drainage 
was  finished  the  best  thing  to  do  was  to  trench  the 
entire  border  to  the  subsoil.  With  regard  to  the  site  he 
thought  sloping  ground  to  the  south  a  great  advantage  ; 
a  dry  bottom  was  indispensable  ;  and  it  was  necessary 
that  the  site  should  be  protected  from  the  north  and 
east.  Soil  had  a  very  great  deal  to  do  with  the  success- 
ful cultivation  of  aU  fruits,  and  he  believed  a  good 
garden  soil  properly  managed  would  grow  most  of  their 
fruits  most  successfully.  He  did  not  think  it  proper  to 
plant  on  the  same  place  and  in  the  same  soil  the  iden- 
tical fruit  trees  that  were  there  previously. 

Referring  to  the  danger  of  drought  he  pointed  out  that 
a  proper  quantity  of  soil  was  a  most  important  matter 
in  the  formation  of  a  fruit  border,  and  that,  again,  had 
to  be  determined  by  the  nature  of  the  soil  and  subsoil. 
In  thin  borders  roots  suffered  very  much  from  drought 
in  summer,  but  that  evil  could  be  met  by  deepening  the 
border.  Twenty-four  inches  of  soil  was  not  too  much 
if  resting  on  the  chalk  or  gravel.  Less  would  do  if  the 
border  rested  on  heavy  impenetrable  till.  By  regulating 
that  matter  properly  gardeners  would  be  able  to  avoid 
the  necessity  of  watering  fruit  borders  out-of-doors.  He 
knew  of  no  fruit  that  suffered  more  from  inattention  in 
regard  to  that  matter  than  Apricots.  What  was  the 
border  to  be  composed  of  ?    For  wall  fruit  generally 


September  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


313 


too  much  sand,  clay,  or  dead  heavy  loam  was  not  de- 
sirable. Substantial  loam  was  no  doubt  what  was 
wanted  for  Apples  and  Pears  ;  but  for  Plums,  Nectarines, 
Peaches,  and  Apricots  loam  with  a  little  sand  in  it  was 
best.  No  doubt  under  different  circumstances  different 
compositions  might  be  adopted  with  success.  Where 
the  soil  was  a  good  fresh  loam  in  its  natural  state  trench- 
ing was  about  all  that  was  necessary. 

If  a  place  was  being  newly  constructed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  growing  fruit,  a  first-class  border  being  desired, 
and  the  natural  soil  not  being  suitable,  either  from  its 
being  too  stiff  or  loo  sandy,  the  original  soil  ought  to  be 
taken  away,  and  fresh  soil  introduced.  Nolhmg  would 
suit  better  than  a  nice  maiden  loam  with  the  turf  in  it, 
especially  when  brought  from  the  banks  of  a  river.  It 
would  not  be  necessary  to  add  any  manure,  as  most  likely 
the  wood  of  the  trees  would  be  quite  strong  enough  with- 
out it,  but  a  little  charcoal  added  would  be  advantageous. 
It  would  be  desirable  to  give  the  border  a  slope  to  face 
the  sun. —  Discussion  followed  the  reading  of  the  paper, 
and  Mr.  Fairgrieve  received  a  vote  of  thanks. 

The  meeting  concluded  with  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks 
to  Mr.  Dunn  lor  his  conduct  in  the  chair.  The  exhibits 
consisted  ol  a  new  seedhng  red  Currant,  named  Mrs. 
Gladstone,  from  Mr.  Peter  Robertson,  Hartrigge  House, 
|edburgh.  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Co.,  exhibited  a  collec- 
tion of  Carnation  blooms,  and  also  a  bundle  of  seedling 
Vines,  which  are  grown  from  Raisins  on  the  tract  of  the 
old  Wroughton  burn  in  their  nurseries.  Mr.  P.  Marline. 
Corrielee,  Ecklinviale  Apple;  Mr.  A.  Laing,  Stanhopea 
oculata  grandiflora. 


WHY   WOODLANDS    DO    NOT 

PAY. 

In  these  days  agriculture  is  becoming  a  source 
of  loss  instead  of  gain,  and  in  spite  of  the  best 
^  of  seasons  and  abundant  crops,  the  farmer  declares  it 
cannot  pay.  Rents  are  reduced  to  a  minimum,  and 
even  then  too  frequently  are  but  badly  paid.  The 
natural  question,  then,  arises  among  desponding  owners 
of  land,  "What  are  we  to  do  with  it?  We  can 
neither  sell  it  nor  cultivate  it,  except  at  a  loss,  and  yet 
we  are  compelled  to  pay  ruinous  charges  upon  it  of 
various  kinds.  Is  it  to  remain  idle  and  barren,  and 
England  become  a  desert  ? "  One  answer  says  "  Plant 
it;  trees  grow  while  you  sleep."  Yes,  let  those  who 
can  afford  to  dc  so,  plant,  and  plant  freely,  but 
remember  you  plant  for  others  ;  you  sow  and  they 
reap,  while  you  find  the  capital. 

It  is  my  object  now,  while  advocating  the  idea  of 
planting,  to  show  shortly  what  are  the  real  difficulties 
and  obstacles  which  lie  in  the  way  of  arriving  at  the 
period  of  the  first  ripe  crop  of  timber.  I  wish  also 
to  avoid  entering  into  any  details  relating  to  the 
planting  and  general  management  of  the  young 
woodlands  which  are  to  be  found  in  many  useful 
works  on  the  subject ;  and  strongly  advising  the  in- 
tending planter  to  secure  the  services  of  a  skilful, 
active,  and  intelligent  woodman,  and  one  who  obeys 
orders,  I  must  proceed  to  say  a  few  words  as  to  the 
only  trees  which  I  consider  worth  growing  in  woods, 
solely  for  the  sake  of  timber  and  with  a  view  to 
the  best  profit. 

These  are  the  Oak  and  the  Ash,  both  nearly 
equally  valuable  as  timber,  and  in  case  of  accidental 
losses  the  one  will  readily  replace  the  other.  The 
Ash  also,  for  the  first  forty  or  fifty  years,  by  decennial 
fellings,  produces  underwood  for  hurdle  making  and 
other  useful  purposes,  and  so  will  bring  in  some  small 
returns— better  than  anything  else  which  could  be 
grown — Hornbeam  and  other  kinds  of  underwood 
for  burning  purposes  being  now  in  most  places  nearly 
unsaleable.  Spanish  Chestnut  makes  good  under- 
wood, and  is  useful  as  timber,  but  I  prefer  the  Ash 
myself.  With  respect  to  other  trees,  most  of  the 
Coniferae,  under  the  general  name  of  deals,  are  now 
imported  ready  sawn  up,  and  are  to  be  bought  cheaper 
than  we  can  grow  them.  The  following  trees  have 
occasionally,  and  locally,  very  considerable  value, 
and  will  grow  on  soils  less  suitable  for  Oak  ;  they  are 
also  better  grown  singly  in  the  open,  where  they  are 
both  useful  and  ornamental  :  these  are  the  Lime, 
Sycamore,  Alder,  Horse  Chestnut,  Walnut,  Spanish 
Chestnut,  and  Beech,  all  of  which  frequently  command 
high  prices,  but  are  not  so  generally  marketable  as  the 
Oak  and  Ash,  which  are  always  in  high  demand,  and 
are  not  likely  to  be  interfered  with  by  foreign  impor- 
tations. The  Larch  also  is  invaluable  for  home  use, 
although  buyers  will  not  give  its  full  worth. 

In  speaking  of  decennial  fellings,  I  mean  that 
of  necessity,  as  well  as  for  convenience,  whatever 
may  be  the  amount  of  land  that  the  planter  has 
delermined  to  turn  into  woodland,  he  should 
divide  it  into  equal  portions,  one  of  which  is  to  be 
planted  each  year,  till  the  whole  is  completed,  when 
he  will  turn  back,  and  begin  with  felling  the  Ash  on 


the  portion  first  planted,  leaving  the  Oaks  at  12  feet 
apart,  which  is  the  distance  at  which  they  should 
have  been  planted  at  first,  and  at  which  distance  they 
may  be  allowed  to  remain  till  the  first  felling  for 
timber  takes  place,  at  the  age  of  fifty  or  sixty  years, 
on  the  first  planted  portion,  always  taking  care  to 
replace  any  failures  among  the  youog  Oaks  by  a  cor- 
responding number  of  Ash  ;  this  will  always  keep  up 
the  number  of  young  trees  reserved  for  timber  to 
about  300  trees  to  the  acre.  I  have  preferred  the 
decennial  period  to  any  other  because  the  Ash  of 
ten  years'  growth  is  then  quite  fit  for  hurdle-making, 
or  other  useful  purposes  ;  it  also  grows  quicker 
than  the  Oak,  so  much  so  that  I  have  often  found  it 
desirable  to  fell  it  twice  in  the  course  of  the  first  ten 
years,  lest  iB'  should  overgrow  the  young  Oaks,  until 
they  have  grown  high  enough  to  out-top  the  Ash 
underwood,  which  must  be  left  to  the.  planter's  dis- 
cretion. 

We  have  seen  by  this  arrangement,  that  after  the 
first  cutting  of  the  Ash  on  each  of  the  ten  portions  of 
woodland,  there  should  be  left  for  timber  300  Oaks 
or  Ash  where  the  former  may  have  partially  failed, 
and  a  little  further  calculation  would  show  that  it 
ought  to  be  quite  possible  to  fell  annually  thirty  trees 
to  the  acre,  commencing  at  fifty  years'  growth,  and  to 
last  out  at  that  rale  for  100  years,  by  which  time  the 
whole  crop  of  timber  originally  planted  on  the  whole 
extent  of  woodland  will  have  been  felled,  and  if 
proper  care  and  management  should  have  been  taken 
by  the  various  owners  through  whom  the  property 
may  have  passed,  there  ought  to  be  another  crop  of 
young  trees  growing  up  in  succession  for  future 
generations. 

To  those  who  have  practically  observed  the  rate  of 
growth  of  the  Oak,  whether  planted  or  from  the 
acorn,  it  will  be  well  known  that  the  early  increase  is 
comparatively  very  slow,  but  that  after  the  first  thirty 
or  forty  years  the  ratio  of  growth  rapidly  increases. 
This  is  shown  curiously  by  a  very  fine  Oak  (Q.  pe- 
dunculata),  which  now  contains  by  measurement 
99  cubic  feet  of  timber,  and  which  I  was  made  to  sow 
as  an  infant,  in  October,  iSll.  In  a  similar  way,  an 
acorn  of  (^.  sessiliflora  was  sown  by  my  son  in 
September,  1S40,  which  now  only  measures  19  cubic 
feet.  Again,  an  acorn  of  (^.  pedunculata  sown  by 
my  eldest  grandson  in  October,  1S65,  girths  only  15 
inches  at  6  feet  from  the  ground.  And  many  Oak 
plantations  which  I  made  about  the  year  1S35  would 
not  yet  average  15  cubic  feet  per  tree.  These  are  in- 
teresting facts  and  would  almost  seem  to  show  that  it  is 
just  possible  for  the  same  individual  to  sow,  or  plant 
Oak  trees,  and  live  to  see  them  in  perfection, 
but  as  a  rule  every  one  ought  to  consider  that  when 
he  plants  it  is  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  come  after 
him.  It  will  be  seen,  however,  from  these  data  that 
if  a  tree  fifty  years  old  might  possibly  measure  15 
cubic  feet,  it  might  very  well  attain  to  60  or  So  cubic 
feet  at  lOO  years'  growth,  and  at  the  final  terminus  of 
150  years  from  the  commencement  of  the  planting, 
the  remaining  number  of  trees  on  the  last  felled 
portion  would  very  possibly  average  120  cubic  feet  per 
tree.  Thus,  at  a  moderate  value  of  2j.  6c/.  per  foot,  and 
supposing  the  original  extent  of  the  planted  woodland 
to  have  consisted  of  200  acres,  the  value  of  the  fall  of 
this  last  decennial  portion  of  20  acres  would  amount 
to  ^9000,  which  would  give  an  average  of  from  .z^4000 
to  /iSooo  per  annum  for  100  years  on  the  200  acres 
of  woodland,  from  which  would  have  to  be  deducted 
rent  of  land,  interest  on  invested  capital,  and  other 
charges,  taking  also  into  consideration  the  loss  sus- 
tained during  the  first  50  years  before  there  was  any 
return. 

Here  let  the  curtain  drop  without  daring  to  venture 
further  into  the  uncertainties  of  a  distant  future.  If 
I  have  given  too  favourable  a  view  of  the  case  I  have 
spoken  of  it  more  as  it  might  be  and  could  be,  but 
for  serious  obstacles  and  unavoidable  difficulties  which 
more  or  less  must  intervene  to  prevent  it,  and  of 
which  I  now  propose  briefly  to  make  mention. 

It  will  appear  quite  evident  from  the  foregoing 
statements  that  no  one  individual,  however  early  in 
life  he  may  commence  planting  Oaks  for  a  future 
crop  of  timber,  should  venture  to  expect  any  bene- 
ficial result  for  himself  during  his  lifetime  ;  he,  there- 
fore, makes  the  outlay  for  his  successors,  and  it  will 
depend  entirely  upon  his  knowledge,  skill,  and  care- 
ful watching  for  the  whole  of  his  life  as  to  whether 
it  will  prove  a  very  valuable  or  a  worthless  inherit- 
ance to  those  who  come  after  him. 

Many  and  various  are  the  causes  and  accidents 
which  may  irrevocably  defeat  the  successful  result  of 


his  labours,  and  one  of  the  most  fatal  would  arise 
from  rabbits,  which,  if  not  sufficiently  kept  under, 
destroy  many  a  thriving  plantation  in  a  hard 
winter's  night,  with  snow  upon  the  ground.  But 
now  we  arrive  at  one  of  the  irremediable  obstacles  in 
the  way  of  the  tree  cultivator,  inasmuch  as  his  outlay 
and  labours  and  the  future  cropping  extend  over  a 
period  of  at  least  150  years,  during  which  time  several 
generations  may  have  passed  away;  and  under  so 
many  changes  it  is  contrary  to  the  usual  course  of 
human  events  to  expect  that  each  successive  inheritor 
or  possessor  of  this  woodland  property  will  follow 
out  the  plan  proposed  by  the  original  planter.  And 
yet  to  obtain  the  full  profit  from  the  timber  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  that  it  should  be  so;  indeed,  it  too 
frequently  happens  that  on  its  first  lapse  into  new  hands 
necessity,  reckless  indifference,  or  fatal  ignorance 
induces  the  new  owner  to  make  serious  inroads  into 
the  half  ripe  crop,  which,  with  proper  management, 
should  have  formed  an  annual  source  of  income  for 
himself  and  his  heirs  ;  and  here,  then,  would  end 
the  history  of  this  woodland  farm,  and  the  property 
would  become  one  of  those  very  common  and  sadly 
hopeless  spectacles  of  a  treeless  extent  of  bad  and 
profitless  underwood. 

This  frequent  change  of  hands  which  the  shortness 
of  life  renders  unavoidable,  is  then  the  real  cause  of 
the  ill-success  ot  woodland  farming,  as  change  of 
hands  means  usually  change  of  management,  which  is 
fatal  when  the  work  of  a  good  and  skilful  planter  falls 
into  the  hands  of  an  ignorant  or  obstinate  successor. 
Nevertheless,  this  need  not  always  be  so,  and  in  my 
own  case,  having  benefited  greatly  by  the  good  deeds 
of  tree-loving  predecessors,  I  have  full  hopes  that  the 
results  of  the  efi'orts  of  a  long  life  in  the  pleasant  pur- 
suit of  woodcraft  will  be  equally  cared  for  and  as 
long  enjoyed  by  those  who  come  after  me.  /K  R. 
Baker,  Bayfordbury, 


W^t  Mealljcr. 


Hycrome. 

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Temperature  of 

THE  AIR. 

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J9  75  — 0.106J.0 

Sa.o 

11  0 

SS7 

-4.a 

53-8 

94 

E. 

0.58 

38 

2(j68  —0  1762  9 

SO. 6 

12.3 

55  3 

—  49 

49  ■» 

79 

E.  N.E. 

0.00 

'9 

29,65  -02267,0 

48  s 

■8  5 

564 

—  3-7 

45  7 

67 

E.  N.E. 

0.00 

30 

2q82  j  — 00562,5 

45.0 

16.5 

55  5 

-4.5 

45  8 

76] 

N.  : 
N.E 

0.00 

2986-00263,5 

48  s 

.5.0 

537 

-  6.1  49  6 

84) 

S,E,  : 
E,S  E, 

0  02 

29,91    H-o,02  6s.5 

46,0 

19.5 

55-2 

-  4-2 

43-6 

67 

E 

0.00 

» 

2971 
3977 

-0.867.5 

45  0 
48,. 

16,5 

S5  7 
55  4 

-  36 
-45 

51,1 
484 

87 

E, 

o.oS 

Mean 

-i,0 

64.6 

Vari. 
able. 

0  68 

finer  aftcr- 


"gh 


-Rain  from  early  morning  till 

-Dull  day,  windy  throughout. 

-Fine  bright  day,  small  amount    of  cloud 

-Rain  about  10  A.M.  ;  dull  day. 
-Fine  day,  bright  at  times, 

-Dull  day:    rain  began  to  fall  at  9  A.M  ,  frequen 
slight  showers  afterwards. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  Duiing  the 
week  ending  August  29,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.  S4  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.03  inches  by  i  p,m,, 
decreased  to  29  99  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  ■24th, 
increased  to  30.05  inches  by  9  a.m,  on  the  25ih, 
decreased  to  29  99  inches  by  I  p.m.  on  the  26ih, 
increased  to  30  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  same 
day,  and  was  29  Si  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  ol  the  sea  was  29,94  inches,  being  o.oS 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  O.oS  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The    highest   temperature    in    the 


3H 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


shade  in  the  week  was  72°.  5,  on  the  25th,  on  the 
23d  the  highest  was  (>z°.%.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  d^^.oi. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47°,  on  the  251h  ; 
on  the  27th  the  lowest  was  52°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  49°.4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°.5,  on  the  25lh  ;  the  smallest  on  the  27lh  was 
11°     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  17'.  5. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  23d,  54°. 7  ; 
on  the  24th,  5S°.7  ;  on  the  2Sth,  59°  ;  on  the  26th, 
59°.3  ;  on  the  27th,  55°.7  ;  on  the  2Sth,  55°.3  ;  and 
on  the  29th,  56°, 4  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  by  6°,  I°.9,  I°.5,  1°. I,  4°.6,  4°.9  and  3'.7 
respectively 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  57°, 
being  o'.g  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°.4  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  I24°.5,  on  the  29lh.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  103^.6. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  38°,  on  the  23d  and  24th.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  readings  was  40*.  i. 

Rain.—^\\n  fell  on  the  27th  to  the  amount  of 
0,5s  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  29,  the  highest  temperatures  were  76°. 4 
at  Cambridge,  75°  at  Truro  and  Bristol  ;  the  highest 
at  Sunderland  62',  at  Sheffield  and  Newcastle  64". 
The  general  mean  was  69''.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  38°  at  Hull,  41°.  i 
at  Cambridge,  41°. 9  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  lowest 
at  Sunderland  was  49°,  at  Blackhealh  47°,  and  at 
Plymouth  and  Nottingham  46°.2.  The  general  mean 
was  44°.  4. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  35°. 3  at  Cambride,  30°.  2 
at  Bristol,  30°  at  Truro  ;  the  least  ranges  were  13" 
at  Sunderland,  19°  at  Newcastle,  20°  at  Sheffield. 
The  general  mean  was  25°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  69. "9,  at  Plymouih  69°.2,  at  Bristol 
67°.3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sunderland,  57,. 4.  at  New- 
castle 59°.5,  at  Hull  6o°.3.     The  general  mean  was 

63- °3- 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Piymouth,  53^  at  Truro  52^7,  at  Not- 
tingham and  Sunderland  50^5  ;  and  was  lowest  at 
Cambridge,  46^  at  Wolverhnmpton  46°.2,  at  Hull 
46"  7.     The  general  mean  was  49°. 4. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
2r.2,  at  Bristol  lS^7,  at  Truro  \f.2\  and  was 
least  at  Sunderland,  6". 8,  at  Newcastle  g".?,  and  at 
Sheffield  10°.  I.     The  general  mean  was  13°. 9- 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  59°7t 
at  Plymouth  59°.5,  at  Blackheath  57°;  and  was 
lowest  at  [lull,  5l°.9,  at  Sunderland,  52°.4,  at 
Bolton,  52". 5.     The  general  mean  was  54°. 7* 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  1 .06  inch  at 
Bristol,  0.96  inch  at  Plymouth,  o  6S  inch  at  Truro  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  o.oi  inch  at  Newcastle,  0.02 
inch  at  Hull.  No  rain  fell  at  Leeds  or  Sunderland. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.31  inch. 

Scotland:  Temperature,— V>\x\\x\%  the  week  end- 
ing August  29,  the  highest  temperature  was  7^°  ^^ 
Edinburgh  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  highest  temperature 
was  60'.     The  general  mean  was  65°. 9 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was,  38°,  at 
Perth ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
44°.     The  general  mean  was  41°. 6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Greenock, 
53". S  ;  and  lowest  at  Leilh,  52". 2.  The  general  mean 
was  5 3°. I. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  o.  10  inch,  at  Aber- 
deen ;  the  smallest  fall  was  o.or  inch,  at  Leith. 
No  rain  fell  at  Glasgow,  Greenock,  Paisley,  or  Perth. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0,02  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  deficit  ranging  from  i*^  in  "  Ireland,  S." 
of  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  and  2°  in  "  England,  S.," 
and  "  England,  S.W."  to  5"  over  central  and  eastern 
England  and  to  6"  or  7"  in  Scotland.  The  maxima, 
which  were  recorded  in  most  places  on  the  2Sth, 
ranged  from  59"  in  "  Scotland,  E.,"  and  60°  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  to  76°  in  the  *'  Midland  Counties," 
and  78"  in  "  England,  S.W."  Towards  the  end 
of  the  period  the  maxima  were  very  low  for  the 
season,  the  thermometer  at  many  stations  not  rising 
to  60°.  The  minima,  which  were  registered  on 
different  days  in  the  various  districts,  were  as  low  as 
31"  in  "England,  N.W.,"and  32°in  "Scotland,  N." 
and  "  England,  S.W.;  "  in  most  other  districts  they 
varied  from  33"  t0  4i'^,  but  45'  was  the  lowest  reading 
recorded  in  the  south  of  Ireland,  and  51°  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  rather  more  than  the  mean  in 
"  Ireland  S."  and  the  "Channel  Islands,"  but  less 
elsewhere. 

Bright  Sunshine  has  been  more  prevalent  in  the 
south  and  east  of  England  and  in  the  north  and 
east  of  Scotland  than  it  was  last  week,  but  less  in 
all  other  districts.  The  percentage  of  the  possible 
amount  of  duration  varied  from  7  in  "  Ireland,  N." 
and  8  in  "  England,  N.E.,"  to  35  in  "  England,  S.," 
42  in  "  Scotland,  E.,"  and  58  in  "  Scotland,  N." 

Depressions  observed.  —  The  distribution  of  baro- 
metric pressure  has  been  rather  more  complex  than  of 
late,  the  barometer  being  comparatively  high  over  the 
United  Kingdom,  while  depressions  have  been  ob- 
served over  the  southern  parts  of  Scandinavia,  and  also 
to  the  south-westward  and  southward  of  our  islands. 
The  depression  which  most  influenced  the  winds  in 
our  neighbourhood  travelled  in  an  easterly  and  south- 
easterly direction  over  France  on  the  29ih,  causing 
violent  gales  and  heavy  rains  in  all  part^  of  that 
country,  and  strong  north-easterly  winds  or  moderate 
gales  in  the  south  and  south-east  of  England.  At  the 
close  of  the  period  a  small  shallow  depression  was 
moving  over  our  south-west  coasts  from  the  west- 
ward. 


Summary  ov  Temperature.  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  oi"  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Aug.  31,  1SS5,  issued  by 
the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria-street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  has  been  fine  and 
bright  in  the  north  and  east  of  Scotland,  but  very 
cloudy  or  dull  in  nearly  all  other  parts  of  the  kingdom. 
Very  little  rain  has  fallen,  however,  except  in  the 
extreme  south-west  of  Scotland. 


©iJttuars. 

Mr.  PiiiNEAS  Brown  Hovey,  so  well  known  to 
the  horticultural  public  from  his  liusiness  connection, 
died  recently  at  his  residence  on  Brookline  .Street, 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  at  the  age  of  eighty-one 
years  and  nine  months.  He  was  born  in  Cambiidge, 
September  3,  1S03,  and  had  always  resided  not  only 
in  that  city  but  in  the  place  where  he  was  born.  In 
early  life  he  took  a  great  interest  in  flowers  and  flower 
culture,  and  in  1834  became  senior  partner  of  the  seed 
and  nursery  firm  of  Hovey  &  Co.  Mr.  Hovey  re- 
tired from  the  Boston  house  in  January,  18S3,  but 
retained  his  connection  with  the  nursery  and  green- 
houses on  Cambridge  Street,  Cambridge,  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachu- 
sett's  Horticjltural  Society  from  the  first  year  of  its 
existence  in  1829,  under  the  presidency  of  General 
Dearborn.  He  served  as  vice-president  four  years, 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  arrangements  for 
the  annual  exhibitions  for  ten  years,  and  a  member  of 
the  fruit  committee  for  twenty-four  years, ^a  longer 
term  of  service,  it  is  believed,  than  that  of  any  other 
member.  His  judgment  in  all  matters  pertaining  to 
every  department  of  floriculture  and  horticulture  was 
considered  unimpeachable. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Hovey  closes  a  long  and  honour- 
able business  career  ;  and  the  Society  wi(h  which  he 
was  so  long  and  so  prominently  connected  loses  an 
earnest  and  useful  member,  and  the  community  where 
he  had  esided  for  nearly  eighty-two  years  a  good 
citizen.     He  leaves  a  widow  and  three  children. 


Adiantum  looks  quite  distinct,  and  is,  we  think,  very 
elegant  in  character.  We  publish  a  description  of  it, 
by  Mr.  Moore,  at  p.  294.  There  are  now  so  many 
hybrid,  or  supposed  hybrid  Adiantums.  that  the  name 
A.  hybridum  would  not  be  a  desirable  one  for  it  to 
bear.  It  has  therefore  been  called  A.  Mairisii.  The 
Begonia  is  a  very  pretty  and  distinct  form  of  those 
varieties  ot  which  B.  Rex  is  the  best  known  type. 

Books  :  J.  L.  The  book  you  mention  has  no  special 
interest  now. 

Cross  Fertilisation:  A.  D.  W.  This  can  only  be 
said  to  be  effected  when  the  pollen  is  taken  from  the 
flower  of  one  plant  and  placed  on  the  stigma  of  a 
flower  of  another  ;  for  when  the  pollen  is  taken  from  a 
flower  on  the  same  plant  it  can  be  only  a  form  of 
self-fertilisation,  and  therefore  as  little  likely  to  produce 
variation  in  the  progeny  as  when  the  pollen  of  a  flower 
applied  naturally  or  intentionally  to  the  stigma  of 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

African  Marigolds  ;  W.  Cauldioell.  A  very  pretty 
strain  of  these  old  favourite  flowers,  the  bar  markings 
on  the  single  flowers  being  very  clear  and  regular  as  to 
width  and  outline  ;  but  the  doubles  are  more  pleasing. 

Apple  Rinahkowski  :  Cranston.  We  do  not  know 
the  Apple  under  this  name.  We  have,  however, 
fruited  several  Russian  Apples  greatly  resembling  it. 
Although  a  pretty  enough  Iruit,  we  do  not  consider  it 
of  any  great  value. 

Artichokes  :  \V.  Cutbusk  &•  Son.  There  are  several 
dwarf  varieties  of  Anichokes  in  existence— notably  the 
Violet  de  Provence — but  we  have  never  noted  this  to 
be  any  particular  advantage. 

Begonia  picta  and  Adiantum  :  Mairis  b'  Co.  The 


the  ! 


!flo 


Diseased  Bulbs  :  J.  G.  Yes,  the  Eucharis-mite. 
Burn  the  bulbs  and  get  fresh  soil.  The  "  larvje  "  are, 
I,  small  worms,  and,  2,  larvpe,  of  some  two-winged  fly, 
which  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  mites.  TheCrotons 
have  been  checked  by  cold  probably.  The  other 
leaves  were  rotten  when  we  unpacked  them. 

Erratum. — By  error  our  reporter  gave  Messrs.  Cannell 
&  Son  credit  for  exhibiting  Dahlia  Mrs.  Hawkins  at 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
when  it  should  have  been  Mr.  Thomas  Ware. 

Ferns  :  G.  F.  G.  i,  Scolopendrium  vulgare  lacinia- 
tum  ;  2,  Athyrium  Filix-foemina  plumosum  ;  3,  Poly- 
podium  vulgare  crenatum  ;  4,  Scolopendrium  vulgare 
form  of  var.  marginatum  ;  j,  Athyrium  Filix-fcfimina 
depauperatum  ;  6,  Lastrea  Filix-mas  crispa. 

Gall  on  Oak:  Dr.  P.  The  gall  in  question  is  the 
Artichoke  gall,  always  found  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves, 
and  consisting  of  a  number  of  overlapping  scales,  sur- 
rounding a  central  gall.  It  is  the  working  of  a  cynips 
(Aphilothrix  gemni:^). 

Gardeners'  Situations  in  the  Channel  Islands  : 
C.  R.  Of  course  you  could  not  do  better  than  to 
advertise  in  our  paper,  which  circulates  largely  in 
those  parts.  Any  one  possessing  a  good  character, 
and  fair  knowledge  of  gardening,  should  find  but  little 
dilficultv  in  obtaining  a  post  there.  We  do  not 
suppose  the  wages  given  are  so  high  as  in  some  parts 
of  England,  but  they  are  not  likely  to  be  under  those 
commonly  given  to  young  gardeners  in  the  South  and 
West  counties. 

Grapes  :  .4.0.     Mrs.  Perrson. 

Gros  Colmar  Grape  Cracking  :  J.  A.  C.  As  the 
other  varieties  yon  grow  are  not  affected  in  the  same 
way,  can  it  be  that  on  your  giving  wati^r  to  the  borders 
after  a  long  period  during  which  it  had  been  withheld, 
the  large  foliage  of  this  Grape  has  pumped  up  the  sap 
from  the  soil  quicker  than  the  skin  of  the  betries  could 
expand  to  receive  it  ? 

Insects  :  C.  F.  D.  Your  Cyclamens  are  attacked  by 
the  larvae  of  one  of  the  Curculionid:e  (weevils),  difl^er- 
ing  from  those  of  the  Oti' rhynchi  (which  are  also  often 
destructive  to  Cyclamens),  in  being  less  curved  and 
much  more  active,  with  rows  of  fine  setas  across  the 
back.  They  have  no  legs,  but  have  fleshy  warts  in 
their  stead  on  the  underside  of  the  three  segments 
following  the  head.  We  will  try  to  rear  those  sent. 
I.O.  W.  —  J.S.  Your  Coronilla  leaves  are  infested, 
by  aphides,  which  we  suppose  are  the  cause  of  the 
minute  pilches  of  white  matter.  The  small  brown 
insects  are  very  young  larvce  of  Dipterous  flies,  which 
are  feeding  on  the  aphides.  Fumigate  and  well  syringe 
the  plants.  You  do  not  state  from  what  plants  the 
seeds  with  very  long  delicate  hairs  have  been  gathered. 
/.  O.  W. 

Melon  Plants  Dying  :  Donald  M' Clean.  It  is  a 
case  of  the  ordinary  Melon  disease,  which  has  been 
alluded  to  frequently  in  our  columns. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  G.  J.  W.  As  the  fruits  you  send 
are  not  nearly  developed  we  cannot  name  them  with 
any  degree  of  certainty.  No.  i  is  most  probably  King 
of  the  Pippins  ;  2  may  be  so  also  ;•  and  3  most  nearly 
resembles  Dumelow's  Seedling  :  we  should  almost  say 
it  is  that  variety.  —  L.  G.  A.  i,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey  ;  2.  Beurrd  Giffard  ;  3,  Beurre  Hardy  ;  4,  Wil- 
liams' Bon  Chretien  ;  5,  Summer  Franc  Real ;  6, 
Fondante  d'Automne  ;  7,  Souvenir  du  Congrfes  ;  8, 
not  recognised  :  might  be  a  small  Catillac. 
Names  of  Plants  :  Hodgson,  i,  Lysimachia  vulgaris: 
2,  Achillea  ;  3,  A.  ptarmica,  double-flowered  variety  ; 
4,  Veratrum  nigrum.— /(.■  R.  if  Co.  Clethra  arborea. 
— A.  B.  C.     1,    Juniperus  japonica  aureo-variegata  ; 

2,  /Eschynanthus  splendens.  —  Rob.  CEnothera 
macrocarpa.— -V.  F.  /,.  1,  Thuia  filifera  ;  2,  Gledit- 
schia    sp.  ;    3,    Kerna   japonica     (not    a    climber)  ; 

4,  Clematis  flammula  :  5,  Coronilla  Emerus.  — 
C.  W.  Skull-cap  (Scutellaria  galericulata.)— /f^irf 
if  Co.  Clethra  arborea.— //.  J.  P.  1,  Crypto- 
meria  japonica  ;    2,    Juniperus  virginiana,  probably  ; 

3,  Cupressus    Lawsoniana  ;    4,    Thuiopsis  borealis  ; 

5,  Berberis  Darwinii.— IK  C.  B.  1,  Rhus  Cotinus  ; 
2,  Solidago  virga   aurea  ;    3.    Pernetlya   mucronata  ; 

4,  Spirasa    callosa  ;     5,     Calycanthus    occidentalis  ; 

6,  Acer  platanoides  (Norway  Maple)  :  7,  Coto- 
neaster  aflinis  :  8,  Ribes  aureum.— C.  iV.,  Beachy 
Head.  Carum  segetnm, — Omega.  I,  Crepis  virens  ; 
2,  Thuia  occidentalis  ;  3,  'T.  Lawsoniana  :  4, 
T.  orientalis  ;  5,  Leontodon  hirtus  ;  6,  Juniperus  (?). 
The  insect  that  causes  the  Bedeguar  gall  on  the  Rose 
is  Cynips  rosse. — Hortiis.  i,  Lastrea  :Eniul.i  ;  2,  L. 
Filix-mas  pumila  ;  3,  .\thyrium  Filix-fcemina  mullifi- 
dum  ;  4,  Cystopteris  fragilis  Dickieana ;  5,  Polystichum 


September  j,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


315 


aculeatum  ;  6,  Athyrium  Filix-foemina  Fieldix. — Red 
Wood.  Vanda  Bensoni  ;  the  others  were  withered 
when  received.  —  Toxteth.  Probably  Cattleya  labiata 
Warneri. — Camjee,  Cattleya  Eldorado. — John  Ed- 
wards. Cattleya  Eldorado  Leeana,  and  Pescatorea 
Klabochoruni. — G.  Wall,  i,  Fuchsia  Rtccartoni  ;  2, 
a  florist's  var.,  name  not  known  to  us  ;  3,  Salvia 
coccinea. 

New  Runner  Bean,  Neal's  Ne  Plus  Ultra  :  H. 
Deverill.  A  very  fine  example  of  the  Scarlet  Runner 
Bean,  measuring  over  12  inches  in  length. 

Primulas  :  R.M.  The  flowers  are  pretty,  and  of  good 
form,  but  deficient  in  size. 

Summer-houses,  Urinals,  &c.,  for  Public  Park  : 
A'.  Kooke.  Consult  G.  R.  Julian.  Esq.,  8,  Delahay 
Street,  Westminster,  W. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

R.  Cleaver,  Bore  Street,  Lichfield— Bulbs. 

VV.  Bull,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.— 
Bulbs  and  Tuberous-rooted  Plants. 

T.  'Warner,  The  Abbey,  Leicester— Dutch  and  other 
Flower  Roots. 

W.  Samson  &,iCo.,  8  and  10,  Portland  Street,  Kilmar- 
nock— Flower  Roots,  Forest  Trees,  &c. 

DOBiE  &  Mason,  66,  Deansgate,  Manchester — Flower 
Roots. 

E.  Morse,  Epsom— Narcissi  Bulbs. 

H.  E.  Sharp,  Waikomiti  Nurseries,  Waikomiti,  Auck- 
land, New  Zealand — Apple  Trees. 

E.  P.  Dixon,  Hull— Bulbous  Roots.  &c. 

S.  Spath,  Rixdorf,  Berlin— Flower  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c. 

R.  'Veitch  &  Sons,  Exeter— Dutch  Bulbs. 

W.  Smith  &  Son,  Aberdeen— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

Fotheringham  &  Wallace,  Dumlries— Dutch  Flower 
Roots. 


. — G.  Stanton  (with  thanks). — E. 
W.  R.— E.  B.— J  Slrasser.— C. 
R.  W.  B.— R.  Uerry  — G.  L.— 


Communications  Recei 
W.  B.— W.  B.  H.— J.  I 
W.  D.— Messrs.  Drap. 
G.  F.  W.  (Vine  disease- 
us,  but  not  common). —M.  D.-Sir  A.  W.-G.  R.  J.  — F.  W 
B.— J.  L.  M.— F.  V.  IM.— A.  R.— H.  E.— J.  B.— W.  N.— t 
A.  M.  C— R.  Fiizgerald  — J.  D.— R.  P.— A.  D.— P,  G- 
T.  B. 


^nquirifs. 

"  He  that  questioneth  much  shall  learn  much." — Bacon. 

Poisonous  Properties  of  Yew.  — Is  it  a  fact  that 
the  fdstigiate  or  upright-growing  Yews  are  less  poisonous 
to  cattle  than  Yews  of  the  ordinary  spreading  habit  ? 


D[ED. — We  regret  to  have  to  announce  the  death, 
on  August  23,  at  Upper  Clapton,  of  Frances  Sarah, 
the  wife  of  Mr.  F.  Casey,  the  well-known  and  able 
Foreman  at  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.'s  nurseries  at 
that  place. 


[arhets. 


CO  VENT    GARDEN,    Seflemher    3. 
Plums,   Damsons,  and  early  Pears  are  now  in  heavy 
supply,   considerably  affecting  foreign  stuff.     Hothouse 
fruit  quiet.    J,imes  Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit.- 

Average 

iVHOLESALE  PRICES. 

5.  d.    s.  d. 

r.  d.   s. 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . 

2  o-  8 

Figs,  per  dozen 

06-10 

Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b 

Grapes,  per  lb. 

06-20 

—  St.  Michael,  each 

z  6-  5 

Kent  Filberts,  100  lb 

zz  6-  ..; 

Pears,  per  dozen 

Lemons,  per  case    . 

-perM-sieve       .. 

I  fr-1 

Melons,  each 

0  &-  I  6 

Plums,  }4  sieve       .. 

I  6-3 

Vegetables.— Aver 

ACE  Retail  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d. 

s.  d.  s.  i 

Artichokes,      Globe 

Lettuces,       English 

per  dozen  . . 

Cos,  doz 

1  6-   .. 

Aubergines,  each    . . 

04-.. 

Mint,  green,  bunch.. 

04-.. 

Beans,  £ng.,  per  lb. 

Mushrooms,     basket 

I  0-  I 

Beet,  per  dozen 

Onions,  per  bushel.. 

Cabbages,  per  dozen 

16-20 

—  Spring,  per  bun. 

06-.. 

Carrots,  per  bunch. . 

06-.. 

Parsley,  per  bunch.. 

04-.. 

Cauliflowers,       Eng 

Pea.s,  per  quart 

I  0-  I 

lish,  per  dozen     .. 

Radishes,  per  dozen 

10-2 

Celery,  per  bundle.. 

16-26 

Small   saladinj,    per 

Cucumbers,  each     .. 

06-10 

punnet 

0  4-     . 

Endive,  per  dozen  . . 

2  o~  .. 

Spinach,    per  bushel 

40-.. 

Garlic,  per  lb. 

0  6-  .. 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     . . 

06-0 

Herbs,  per  bunch    . . 

Turnips,  new,  bunch 

06-.. 

Horse  Radish,    bun. 

^0-40 

Vegetable  Marrows, 

Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz. 

16-.. 

each 

03-.. 

PoTATOS.— Magnu 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Arbor-vitae   (golden), 
per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  o-i?  o 
Bouvardia,  dozen  ..  9  0-18  o 
Calceolarias,  doz.  . .  40-60 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .         . .  30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  o-z4  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  ..60-180 

Evergreens,   in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  clasiica,  each..  16-70 


Ferns,  in  van,  dozen  . 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  per  dozen  ; 
Lilium  auratum,  per 

—  longifoHum,  doz.  ( 
Marguente       Dai^y, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  ( 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  t 
Palms      in     variety. 

Pelargoniums,        per 

—  scarlet,  dozen    ,,  ; 


Cl 

T  Flowers 

— Av 

ERA 

GE  Wholesale  Prices. 

T  d    t 

,/ 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Abutilon, 

12  bunches 

2  0- 

Marguerites,  12  bun.  30-^0 

Asters,  12 

bunches.. 

2  0- 

Mignonette,  12  bun.    16-30 

Bouvardi 

is,  per  bun. 

0  6- 

0 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Camatioi 

s,  12  bun... 

-  12  bl 

oms 

I  0- 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  04-06 

Eucharis, 

per  dozen 

S  0 

Pinks,  var.,  12  bun.    10-40 

Gardenia 

,  12  blooms 

Lapagens 

,  white,  la 

Roses  (indoor),  doz.  10-30 

blooms 

2  0- 

0 

Stephanotis,  12  spr. .   30-40 

I  0- 

Lavender 

12  bunch. 

0 

Tropaeolum,   12  bun.  10-16 

Lilium     : 

ongiflorum. 

Tuberoses,  12  blms..  06-09 

12  bloo 

ns.. 

20- 

0 

SEEDS. 

London  :  Sept.  2. — The  trade  for  autumn  sowing 
seeds  continues  exceedingly  active.  With  regard  to 
Trifolium,  supplies  have  suddenly  stopped,  and  much 
higher  figures  are  consequently  asked  ;  the  tendency 
continues  in  favour  of  holders.  Mustard  firmly  main- 
tains the  late  rise  in  values  ;  there  are  more  buyers  than 
sellers  of  this  article.  Rape  seed  continues  at  the  low 
figures  previously  reported.  There  being  an  increased 
demand  for  Rye  has  caused  rates  to  harden.  Winter 
Tares  sell  at  last  week's  currencies  ;  supplies  are  now 
more  plentiful.  Good  large  blue  boiling  Peas  are  in 
brisk  request  ;  fine  samples  continue  in  narrow  com- 
pass. Canary  unchanged.  Hemp  slow.  Feeding  Lin- 
seed firmer,  John  Hha-w  b'  Sons,  Seed  Merchants, 
37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 

CORN. 

At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday,  although  the  market 
opened  flatly  for  English  Wheat,  a  fair  business  was 
eventualy  concluded  at.  for  white,  32J.  to  36J.  ;  red,  30J. 
to  33^.  Foreign  Wheats  were  not  relatively  so  cheap  as 
English,  and  remained  as  dull  and  inactive  as  before. 
There  was  not,  however,  any  pressure  to  sell  at  lower 
rates.  Flour  was  very  quiet,  but  the  small  sales  showed 
previous  value.  Beans  moved  of!  in  retail  quantity  at 
steady  prices  ;  Peas,  with  large  supplies,  were  easier  to 
buy.  Plat  Maize  was  scarce  and  firm  at  22J.  3*/.  to 
22J.  6(f.  ;  round  corn  dull  at  211.  dd.  to  2i.r.  grf.  A  small 
sale  of  prime  new  English  Barley  was  made  at  39J  ,  but 
there  was  not  enough  doing  to  establish  current  value. 
Grinding  sorts  were  slow.  Oats  found  a  very  dull 
dragging  sale.  — Un  Wednesday  there  was  little  it  any 
change  to  note  in  the  general  condition  of  the  trade, 
which  was  still  dull.  In  Wheat  there  was  no  quotable 
change,  but  the  market  was  also  very  slack.  Flour  ruled 
quiet  and  unchanged.  1  he  small  transactions  in  spring 
corn  did  not  alter  quotations  of  any  description. — 
Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  August  29  : 
— Wheat,  '  33J.  3(/.  ;  Barley,  285.  d,d,\  Oats,  20J.  td. 
For  the  corresponding  we'.k  last  year  : — Wheat,  355.  i^.  ; 
Barley,  32J.  \d.  ;  Oats,  201. 


CATTLE. 

AL  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  there  was  a  better 
market  for  cattle,  and  prices  in  favour  of  the  seller, 
especially  for  good  second  and  prime  qualities.  Beyond 
this  there  was  no  improvement.  Sheep  and  lambs  were 
less  numerous  than  in  recent  markets,  and  although  the 
prices  were  only  in  occasional  instances  better  the  pens 
cleared  rather  more  readily  of  English  stock.  Imported 
sheep  were  more  difficult  to  sell.  The  calf  trade  was 
stagnant.  Quotations : — Beasts,  45.  to  4X.  (id.,  and  4J.  M. 
to  5i.  ^d. ;  calves,  3^.  to  41.  \od. ;  sheep,  y.  %d.  to  4J.  6*/. , 
and  4i.  \Qd.  to  51.  8(/.  ;  Iambs,  5/.  to  5r.  Zd,',  pigs, 
31.  8(/.  104^.40^. — On  Thursday  a  fair  inquiry  prevailed 
for  beasts,  aud  prices  were  maintained.  Sheep  were  a 
dull  market,  at  about  Monday's  rates.  Calves  were 
firm,  but  quiet  for  choice  qualities.     Pigs  were  steady. 


HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
was  dull,  with  fgood  supplies,  especially  of  new  Clover 
and  new  hay.  Quotations :— Clover,  prime,  Zos.  to 
iioj.  ;  prime  second  cut,  85J.  to  1071.;  inferior,  6o,t.  to 
75J.  ;  new,  8oj.  to  95^.;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  95^.;  interior, 
36J.  to6o.r.  ;new,  65J.  to  841.;  and  straw,  oZs.  to  39J. 
per  load. — Cumberland  Market  quotations  : — Clover, 
best,  90.r.  to  looj. ;  inferior,  6oj.  to  8oj. ;  hay,  best,  80/. 
to  92J.;  inferior,  50J.  to  70J. ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  36^.  per 
load. 


POTATOS. 

The  Borough  and  Spitalfields  Markets  reports  state 
that  supplies  are  fully  adequate  to  demand,  which  is 
dull.  Quotations  : — Regents,  8oj.  to  90^.  ;  Magnum 
Bonums,  8o.t.  to  901. ;  Early  Roses,  701.  to  8oj.  ;  Shaws, 
•JOS.  to  80J.;  kidneys,  looj.  to  iioj. ;  Hebrons,  icoj.  to 
120J.  per  ton.— The  imporrs  into  London  last  week 
consisted  of  6066  bags  from  Boulogne,  and  2858  from 
Hamburg. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  ;~Bebside  West  Hartley,  14J.  9^.  ;  Ravens- 
worth  West  Hartley,  14J.  9*/. ;  East  Wylam,  15^^.61^.; 
Walls  End — Tyne  (unscreened),  \\s.  yi.\  Hetton,  171.  ; 
Helton  Lyons,  15J.  ;  Lambton,  175.  ;  Wear,  15J. ;  East 
Hartlepool,  15J.  ^d.  and  i6j.  ;  South  Hartlepool,  15J.  ; 
Harton,  14J.  6d.\  Haswell,  17J.  ;  Hulam,  13J. ;  Tees, 
17J.  ;  Dowlais  Merthyr,  i6j.  dd. 


Q-Overnineilt  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  ioo|  to  100^  for  both  delivery  and  the  account, 
Tuesday's  figures  were  looJ  to  looJ-  for  delivery,  and 
ioo^=*j^  to  loo^^ft  for  the  account.  Prices  closed  on  Wed- 
nesday at  100  to  looJ  for  both  transactions.  Thursday's 
transactions  closed  at  100  to  100^  for  delivery,  and 
lOo^V  to  100  i^g  for  the  account. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
atid  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,  1  0  each. 

„  2  6    „ 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  Bag. 

i    „  20  0       „ 

))         1    ,,  37  6 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  MamifacSurirs, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

FOR  SALE,  5  grand  EUCHARIS  PLANTS. 
II  Pols  uf  ClELUGYNE  CRISTATA.  ivilh  twemy  to 
folly  young  growlhs  ;  6  dozen  ADIANTtJM  CUWEATUM  • 
stveial  dozens  BOUVAKDIAS,  m  varicus  sizes-  also  Tree 
CARNATIONS,  chiefly  Miss  Joliffe,  for  winter  work  -"i  dozen 
ADIANTUM  FARLEYENbE,  CHEILANTHEb  ELE- 
GaNS  ;  about  300  plants  of  old  Double  PRIMULA  ■  i  laree 
AZALEA  INDlCA  ALBA;  13  smaller,  aUo  Double  White  allin 
Pots  ;2SfineH. P.  ROSES.iwo  years  in  Pots:  SiB.andNIPHE- 
TOS,  with  breaks  4  105  feet  long;  s6  I.  SPRUNT.  ditto  •  7 
SAFKANO,  ditto  ;  9  MARECHALS,  all  2.year  old.  in  Pots' 

,ik  Hill,  Dawlish. 


'^mmMmmmm 


The  Best  Kept  Collection   of 

DAHLIAS  in  ENGLAND. 

As  lovely  and  complete  as  our  slock  is  (2  acres)  of  the  whole 
family  of  DAHLIAS,  yet  the  most  interesting  is  our  300  plants 
(seedlings)  from  "  Juarezi."  These  are  wonderfully  interestinff, 
and  will  give  the  world  new  colour  and  shapes,  and  another 
class  probably  as  beautiful  as  the  Fancies  and  Show  kinds. 

Pot  Plants,  450  named  varieties,  In  bloom  mostly 

6d.  each. 

Send  for  the  best  Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  post-free. 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4J.  fvi'.  per  bushel  (16  cakes),  6d.  per  bushel  package  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcels  pest,  is.  ^J.     Trade  supplied 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  s,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E  C. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  SLC.,;i6  6i.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck,  Sample  Bag,  55.  ;  5  Bags,  2Zi.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
45J.__Bagi^included.  _Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  ms.  6d.  per  Bag., 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  fresh  only,  ij,  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  I2i.  :  30  bags, 
2ZI.,  sent  to  all  parts:  trucks,  23s.,  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM. -A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  E.C. 


3i6 


777^     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  18 


I  OAM.  best  yellow  fibre 

PKEPARED  COMPUbT,be.l  ^„   p^,  ^^^^,  ^^^^^  included). 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pm/E  Mrdals. 

Qaallty,  THE  BEST  In  tlie  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

i'KA  I.  best  brown  fibrous  ..  4'.  6rf.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 
PKAT.  be^t  black  fibrous     ..    35.6(2'.  „  5  sacks  lor  151. 

PEAT,  extra  telecled  Orchid    y-bi.  ,. 

T.besl  I 

LEAF  MOULD,  beslouly  ..      1 

PEAT  MOULD I 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3^.  per  bush.,  iij.half  ton,  jjj.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOT  H.  finest  imported         .  .     i^.  lb.,  j8  lb.  iSl. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spe'cialiid)    8./.  lb.,  z8  lb.  181. 

MUSHKOOM  SPAWN,  finest  Millirack..     51.  per  bushel. 

.SPHAGNUM    MOSS,  all  telecled,  2j.  per  bush., 61.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  15.  each  ;  lu  sacks,  95  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  : 
30  sack*,  255  ;  40  sacks,  30J.  Truck-load,  loose,  freeonrail, 
25J.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  iu 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL.  LONDON,   E. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

\d.  per  bushel :  100  for  25s  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40J.  :  4  bushel  bags,  4<r.  each. 

LIGHT  BKOWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  55.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25.1.  ;  sacks,  41/.  eacK 

BLACK  FlBROUj  PEAT,  51.  pet  sack,  s  sacks  12!.  ;  sacks. 
41/.  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  15.  gi.  per  bushel;  151.  per  half 
ton.  26r   per  ton  in  2-V'Ushel  ba^s,  Ad.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH.  2t,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard),  VV.C. 

pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE    REFUiiE  :    newly 

\J  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  20s.  :  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14s.  :  forty,  25s.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
o,rie,s._J.  STEVENS  AND  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
•'  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


two  tab  e  poonsful  of 
the  Tir  Tiee  Oil  to  a  pint  of  soft 
Wdtci  will  answer  for  ^11  insects 
.in  plants.  For  further  duections 
we  label  on  bottle. 
£,  OHIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Operative  Chemist, 
VICTORIA  STREET.  MAMCHESTER. 


YOU   CAN   IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARASITEa  that  infest  Tiees  and  Plants 

(ulictlirr  at  the  ruots  or  uii  the  foliagej  by  using 

m  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  (il°^'K) 

Green  FIv         I  '^™'"     harden,    Orernhou'e.  .  jj^.^f^  g^- 
,    r-i  ,  Orchard,  or  Vinery ;  these  and  '         .'        ^ 

BLack  Fly         (all  Insect  pests  are  speedily ;  Thrip 
Woolly  Aphis  ;  cleared  by  the  use  of  Fir  Tree  '  Red  Spider 
Grubs  (  O".     Effectual,    Economical, ;  Caterpillars 

Ants  ''  *"*  ^'^-    I'  *°^''  ""'  injure    MilHi.w 

","^^  ;  Flowers, Foliap-e.  orthe  bloom  '.  _  "  .      . 

Worms  (  on  Grapes,  Stone  Fruit,  &c.     )  Scale,  &c. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  destroys  Lice  and  Fleas  on  Animals;  it 
will  cure  JiiiHjworm  and  all  Skin  Diseases  produced  by 
Farasiles,  and  is  perfectly  harmless  to  the  Bands  S;  Skin. 
Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  1/6,  2/6,  and  4iG  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  3i.  extra.  Per  gallon  12/6,  or  less  in  larger  quantities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL,  as  an  INSECTICIDE,  its 
application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester, 

■Wholesale :— HOOPER  &  CO. ;   COERY.  SOPER,  FOWLEE 

Asu  CO.;   C.  E.  0S1L4N  fr  CO.;  and  from  all  the  London 

Seed  Merchants  and  Wholesale  Patent   Medicine    Hotises. 

New  York :— EOLKER  &  SONS. 


A      GREAT      STJCCESS. 

JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND." 

One  Gallon  of  this   Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
dirtctions,  and  apphed  wilh  an  ordinary  watenrt;-can, 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,   Moss.  Worms,   and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price.  35   6rf.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;   40  gallon  Cables, 
£4  10s,     Carriage  paid. 

JEYES'   SANITARY   COMPOUNDS   CO-    (Limited), 
43,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 


p  ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

vJ"  Gardeners  since  1859  aaaiost  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  a,  winter  dressine  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tiees  :  and  in  lather  from  ihe  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supercede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  3J. ,  and  icj.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  11 ,  from  Ihe  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

PEAT,  SAND,  MOULD,  &c.— Coarse  and 
SILVER  SAND,  Best  Fibrous  PEAT,  Leaf  MOULD, 
Peat  MOULD,  LOAM,  LOCOA-NUT  FIBRE,  &c.,  of  best 
quality  only.     Send  for  Samples  and  Prices,  gtalis  and  pust- 
uee.     Special  terms  to  the  Tiade  and  Gentlemen's  Gatdeners. 
BRINKWORTH  and  SONS.  Reading. 


Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATUS. 

ilUst  efficienl  and  cheapest  m  exislenci 
Requires  no  sunk  stokehole  ;  will  I; 
night  without  attention  ;  will  burn 
cinders  ;  costs  nothing  for  fuel ;  is  a  te 
fixture  ;  any  one  can  fix  it  ;  a  do 
servant  can  sloke  it. 

PRICE   OF  BOILfR  TO   HE. AT  — 
55  feet  4-lnch  Pipe  . .  £2  10s. 
110  feet  4-lnch  Pipe   ..  £3  15a. 
200  feet  4-lncU  Pipe   . .  £5  7s.  6d 
Complete  Apparatus,  with  2  rows  of 
4-lnch  Pipe,  from  £4  123.  6(1. 

The  most  complete  apparatus  m-inufactured 
Numbers  in  use  all   over  the  country.     Full 
particulars  and  prices  of  every  sized  Apparatus 
post-free. 
spec  im en 

TeitimomaL 

"  I  have  given 
your  Slow  Com- 


CROMPrON  &  FAWKES,    Chelmsford. 


WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "  Endless-Flame-Impact" 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

Medal  at  Philadelphia  U.S.  International  E.xhibiti^  n. 
Medal  at  ChriUiania  Exhibition,  Nori^'ay. 
Medal  at  Alexandra  Palace  International.  Lon,!,':}. 
Highest  Award  at  Carliile  Interational  Exhibition,  for 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

Admitted  by  the  entue  Trade,  after  public  and  formal 
challenges,  to  be  the  MOST  BCONOMICAL  or  ttiEL.  the  MOST 
powEBFUL  the  SIMILEST,  and  the  CHEAPEST  Hot- Water  Boilcr 
in  ihe  Market. 

Prices  greallv  reduced.  Our  new  nett  Price  List,  giving  full 
details,  will  be  handed  to  all  on  application.     Over  sco  in  use. 

WRIGHT'S  BOILER  CO..  Boiler  Works,  Airdrie.  N.B. 


TIFFANY  and  SCRIM,  for  Protecting  Fruit 
Ti-^es  and  Greenhouse  Shading,  from  2d.  per  yard. 
TANNLD  NETTING,  in  all  widths,  at  wholesale  prices. 
RUSSIAN  MATS  of  every  descnption.  RAFFIA  for  tying. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  and  all  Horticultuial 
Sundries.     Price  LIST  on  application. 

J.   BL4CKBURN  and  SONS,  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street, 
London,  E.C. 


GARDEN 

s 


NETTING. 


A.      SANDS 

(Successor  to  J.  W.  Havthokn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds,  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 


T  B.  BROWN  AND  CO.'S 
QEPTEMBER  PRICE  LIST. 
WROUGHT-IRON  HURDLES. 
■RAR  and  WIRE  FENCING  and  GATES. 
OTEEL  BARB  FENCING  WIRE. 
WIRE  NETTING. 
TRON  ROOFING  SHEETS. 
/^ALVANIZED  IRON  CISTERNS. 
"PSPALIER  and  WALL  WIRING. 
T^REE  GUARDS,  Flower  and  Netting  Stakes. 
pOULTRY  FENCES. 

BLACK  VARNISH,  for  coating  iron  work, 
IJ  ti.  a  galloQ.  carriage  paid. 

QEPTEMBER  PRICE  LIST. 

JB.  BROWN  AND  CO.,  90,  Cannon  Street, 
•  Ciiy,  E.C. 


IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 

-^U-*"    sciscjaii  J , 

CATALOGUE   Free       PI  a-^,  ,  ime  this  fafer. 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLiSS, 

VICTORIA    WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON; 
And  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 


The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


Address— S.  A.    SANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
T        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

O  •  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Gardeners'  Magazine  says; — "  We  must  give  these  the 
lalni  before  ail  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  tirst  in  merit.'' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 


September  ;,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


317 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Coilt.    Raffia    Mars.    Bamboo    Caner,     Rustic 
Work,   Manutes.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ol 
\V.\TSON  AND  SCULL,  go.  Lower  Thames  Si.,  London,  E.G. 


JOHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat,    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,  BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LTSTS  on  applica  ion.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  is.  each. 

BOULTON     &     PAUL 

HORTICULTUR.AL    GUILDERS    AND    HE.-\TING    ENGINEERS, 

NORWICH. 


CONStRVATORlES,    ORCHID    HOUSES,  ^C«r/v^ 

i'j'BjULTONiPAUL' 
a     NORWICH. 

Designed  in  appropriate  style  to  suit  afiy  position  or  \|A    aoLD"MEDii„  J^£ 
requirements,  with  Cxirved  or  Straight  '■^        ^^l-        ^' 

(.    I  s   IS  rtquired 


Estimates  and  lists  Post  free.  ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES  Post  free 

HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &0. 


5  O 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  tor  WARMING  CHURCHES,   SCHOOLS    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES  and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
''GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 

{Design  Regutered,  No.  14,865.) 


complete,  with  Jtaging,  coloured  gl.iss.  gutter,  nirl 
Loughboiough  Hot-water  Apparatus.  Erecitd  com)  h  te  wiilun 
15  miles  of  London  Bridge,  or  delivered  carripge  free  to  any 
station  in  E...ai.d.  ^^^ 

LARGER  SIZES,  complete  as  abov?, 

12  tt.  by  8  ft.       15  ft.  by  9  ft.       !o't,  byioh.       25  (1.  by  12  ft. 

£28.  £35  103.  £41  10s.  £S6. 

ILLUSTRATED    SHEETS     of    C.jnstrvalories,     Cr^en- 

houses,   &c  .    with  Prices  for   Electing   and    heitnp,    FKEE 

ON  AfPLICATlyN. 

Suiveys  made  and  Plans  and  Eilim.ilci  Free. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horliculliir.il  Builders  and  Hot-waler  Engineers, 

''J:j:':T'^\  londox  i;rii)gf. 


\N;, 


useful  kii 
garden  st 
the  other. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  m 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  wi 
possess  one.  The  sabhes  turn  right  over  on 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  :  — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ,, 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wioc,         ,,  ,,         ,, 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ,, 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


|<feLASSHeUSES&«EAtmG>t 


B.W-WiOcRi^EKST 


[sIa,  BKAOTORT  STR££T,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 
v» — "^ — ----    ^     -^     ft^rtBrf^an       fi      '       ~ 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 
j^^-^^  BUILDINGS 

3^"^"^^  Fixed  in  any  part  of  the 

v?<Q>^~^^  Kingdom  with  Hot  water 

■     ^^4  to~^\^  Apparatus  complete. 

Numerous  MedalB/\^oJiJr"^v,^    CATALOGUE 

NORTH  OF  ENGLAND      ^~^^C&  ^ 

HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  ^^^^yO 

DARIilNGTON. 


free. 


3i8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  5,  1885. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Lim  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. ..^o 

fi  „     ...  o 

6  „    ...  o 

7  „    ...  o 

8  „    ...  o 

9  „    ...  o 

10     o 

11  „     ...  o 

12  „    ...  o 

13  „     ...  o 

14  „    ...  o 


15  Lines. ..^o    8    6 


16     „    .. 

0     9 

17     „    .. 

0    9 

18     „    .. 

0      10 

19     „    .. 

0      10 

20     „    .. 

0      II 

21     „    .. 

0      II 

22     „    .. 

0     12 

23     „    .. 

0      12 

24     „    ... 

0      13 

25     „    ... 

0  13 

ADDITIONAL 

IS,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  3W. 
«        ..  jCg    o   o 

Half  Page 500 

3    5    0 


Colua 


GAKDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  J  J.  6./..  and  6./.  for  every  additional  lioe 
(about  9  wordi)  or  pan  of  a  line. 

THESS    ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST    BE    PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advirtisers  arc  cauthncd 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sr.  each  insertion. 

wertisetitents  /or  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  l,\  3s,  lOd.  • 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign   (exceptine    India  and    China)  :    includine    PosUge, 

£1  63.  lor  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  20. 
Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 


W.C, 


W.  Ri< 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellinfiton  Street.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    BOW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W  H  LASLEILES  and  CO  Mill  give  estimites  for 
every  dficiipliin  of  HOKTICUL I  UhAL  V\()KK  fiee  of 
charge    and  send  compet*'nt  assistants  «  hen  necessary 

LASCfiLLEb'  NEW  ROCKWORl^  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings.  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


C.  G.  FRAZER  k  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


THREE-QUARTER  SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSES 
made  in  lights,  glazed  with  21-oz  glass,  and  painted  three 
coats  of  good  oil  colour.  Tenants'  Fixtures.  15  feet  by  10  feet. 
^25  i8j.  ;  for  Brickwork,  ;£22. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and 
Wales:  also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  of  Greenhouses  and  Frames,  post- 
free,  two  stamps. 

X  TAKE    NOTICE    OF  X 

WOOD  &  MILTON'S  PATENT. 

The  Future  Boiler  for 
Nurserymen  zmd  Gardeners, 

Heating  any  amount  up  to  15,000  ft. 
Adviintages  over  all  other  inven- 
tions. Price  List  free  on  application. 
Please  wiite  your  addressesplainly. 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    E.\STVILLE,    BRISTOL. 


ROBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insecis, 
take  up  litlle  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour 
as  do  "grown"    Edgings,   conscq,.c„uy    , 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  .u  ^riinciai  =ione, 

very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  varietv  of  dcvii^n' 

F.    ROSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Ground 

Street,     Blackfriars.    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chelsea,    S  W   • 

Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES 

PLANT    COVERS,   and    PROPAGATING    BOXES      also 

for   FOXLEYS    P.^TENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

lUuilrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c., 
from  31.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection 

WHITE  GLAZED  TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 
Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other Siahle 
Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 
of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  S:c. 


s 


V     E      R  SAND, 

gram  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


jr  Truckload.  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  d 

Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample,  of  Sand  free  by  post. 

FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneiie. 

KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  1 
luantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  What' 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  aoo  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  gbss  in 
300  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Johns  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 


Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Iionwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
lU  outdoor  woik,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
ntroduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
ts  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  uoprincipled 
mitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  v.'asks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  ir.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kinfidom. 


Unsolicit 

"  Piercefield  Park,   Jun 

forwarded  from  Chepstow  to 


Testimonial. 

!i,  1876. — Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
^  lur  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully, Wm.  Cox." 

_CW;/r/c?iV.-HiLL&  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
"  .  .  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


adv 


H.  %L  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  slamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  catk  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
J18,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  £,C. ;  and  73,  Elmbaok 
Street,  Glasgow. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTIjE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

at  extremely  moderate  prices. 
Full  paiticulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER.  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 

TO     CONNOISSEUBS     AND     INVALIB3 
ORDERED    STIMPLAN  T3. 

Send  for  a  sample  bottle.  !/  doien  case,  \i  dozen  case,  dozen 
case,  &c..nfihe  FINEST  and  OLDEST  IRISH  or  SCOTCH 
WHISKEY  in  the  World,  vir.  :- 

"JURY"  WHISKEY, 


J*,  oa.  oottie  ;  '4.  aozen,  loj.  fwr.  ;  >i  dozen,  aij.  ;  dozen,  \is 

"SPECIALJURY"WHISKEY 

Seven  years  old. 

AS.  bottle  ;  ?4  dozen,  \2s.  ■   I2  dozen,  241. ;  dozen,  48^. 

"GRAND  JURY"  WHISKEY, 


Thirteen  years  old. 

55,  bottle  ;  J4  dozen,  155.  ,   I2  dozen,  30J,  ;  dozen,  601. 

Twenty  years  old. 

6s.  bottle  ;  V  dozen,  tSs.  ;  J^  dozen,  36^.  :  dozer,  7's. 
Terms  tor  over  twenty  years  old  on  application. 
State  whether  Irish  or  Scotch,  or  samples  of  boih  are  desirec 
Whiskeys  are  the  same  as  supplied  by  Mr.  Jury  i 
*  ■"  the   Lords  of  the  Admiralty.  &c.,  a 

t.     Post  office  Orders  to 

W,  J,  JURY,  Belfast. 


FatuiB,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  si.\  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  *'  Afidlaud Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  .Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  r865,  by  F.  BuRVE- 
NiCH.  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodicas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 


Profes! 

ment  at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  i 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Garde: 


,  Ghei 


,  Belgit 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER,  where 
three  are  kept.  Only  those  who  have  Grown  Pines 
need  apply.— State  age,  wages,  and  last  situation  to  C.  23,  C. 
Biichall.  Advertising  Agent,  Liverpool. 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER.— Four 
kept.  Must  be  a  thoroughly  experienced  Florist  and 
Vegetable  Grower. — Apply  by  letter  only,  stating  previous 
expeiience  and  wages.— K  S.  TAYLOR,  Huotsmoor  Park, 
Iver,  Bucks. 

WANTED,  a  GARDENER  (married),  for 
General  work.  Some  Glass.  Considerable  help  given. 
Must  be  well  recommended. -Apply  by  lelter  oaly  te  C.  I  , 
Thomas  Perkins  &  Sons,  34.  Drapery,  Northampton. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN, 
where  Grapes.  Peaches,  Tomatos,  Mu'^hrooms.  Plants, 
and  Cut  Flowers  are  Grown  in  quantity  for  Market  ;  in  fact, 
must  have  thorough  knowledge  of  the  profession  and  not  afraid 
of  work.  None  [need  apply  but  those  who  have  held  a  similar 
situation.  Good  salary  and  cottage  for  a  competent  man. — 
—Apply,  by  letter,  to  F.  SMITH,  i,  Regent  Terrace,  Addis- 
combe  Road,  Croydon. 


WANTED,  a  young  man  as  PROPA- 
GATOR. Must  be  thoroughly  competent  in  the 
Propacating  of  Clemaiis,  Rhododendrons,  Hardy  Azaleas, 
Hollies,  Ciniferse. —  Apply  staling  age,  experience,  salary 
expected,  references,  &c.,  to  G.  J.  ALBERTS  and  CO., 
Nurserymen,  Boskoop,  Holland. 


WANTED,  a  CASHIER  and  BOOK- 
KEEPER  ;  must  be  experienced— Apply  wiih  full 
particulars,  slate  salary  expected,  R.  B.  LAIRD  and  SONS, 
17,  Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh. 


Seed  and  Nursery  Trade 

WANTED,   a   JUNIOR   CLERK,      State 
experience  and  salary. —B.  M.,  90,  Southwark  Street, 
London,  S.  E. 

ANTED,   a   SALESMAN   with    a  good 

knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs.     Salary  30J.  per  week. 
—A.  B.,  Barr  &  Son.  ta,  Kiog  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  SALESMAN,  to  take  chargeof 
Stall  in  Market  Hall.  Good  knowledge  of  Seeds. 
Bulbs,  and  Plants.  One  having  been  in  similar  position  before 
preferred.  — Apply,  stating  salary  expected,  Z.,  St.  Paul's 
Square,  Birmingham. 

WANTED,  a  COUNTER  HAND,  who 
has  had  a  few  years'  experience  in  executing  Orders, 
Salary  to  commence  sir.  per  week.— C.  D.,  Barr  &  Son,  12, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C 


September  s,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


319 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.— It  is  very  important 
in  Reuniting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  frotn  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 

is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  tiames  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 
C^T^cli         GARDENS  R  S. 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  list  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-enEagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

fCHARD     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
appUcations  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

B.  LAIRD  and  SONS  (Successors  to  the 

•  hte  Firm  of  Downif.  &  Laird)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wlh  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCOTCH  GAR. 
DENERS,  whose  character  and  abilities  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Establishments  or  Smgle-handed 
Situations;  also  FOREMEN,  UNDER  GARDEN  ERS,  and 
FARM   BAILIFFS.  — 17.  Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  ihe  situation  of 
.HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


Gardeners.  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries.  Cheiter,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respeciability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

MclNTYRB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  hberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and    planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.      Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  :  has  lived  in  good  establishments.    Twenty  years' 
eJtperience.-A.  POLLEY,  Biehton,  Alresford,  Hants. 


GARDENER    (Head).  — Age    31,    single; 
thoroughly  understands    Fruit,    Flower,    and   Vegetable 
Growing.    Good  references. — E.  J.,    lo,  New  Street,  Hamplon- 


C;j.ARDENER  (Head),  where  one  or  more 
■^  are  kept. — Age  26.  single;  good  certificates.  Has  had 
experience  in  a  few  cf  ihe  leading  Gardens  in  Scotland. — W. 
MITCHELL.  2,  Forest  Hill  Terrace,  forest  Hill.  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head)— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  every  branch.  Excellent 
character, ~G.  MORRISS.  The  Gardens,  Cossington,  near 
Bridgewater.  Somerset. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married; 
thoroughly  exoerienced  in  Forcing  Vines,  Peaches. 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  &c,  Goodcbaracter.— A.  T.  F.,  5,  Beverley 
Cottages.  Church  Passage,  Lee,  Kent. 

r:j.ARDENER  (Head).— Advertiser  would  be 

\^  pleased  to  communicate  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  good  practical  Gardener.  Seven 
years  in  present  situation.  Can  give  satisfactory  reasons  for 
leaving.—}.  TULETT,  The  Gardens,  Holme  Island,  Grange- 
over-Sands,  Lincashire. 

C^ARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  no  encumb"- 
^  ranee  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing 
of  Fruit.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  Orchids.  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  Ferns,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Thirteen  years  in  present  situation.  Satisfactory  reasons  for 
leaving. — Address,  in  first  instance,  R.  LEIGH,  Land  Steward 
to  LadyOglander.  Beaminster.  Dorset. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  ^z, 
married,    three   children :    thoroughly    understands    his 
duties  in  all  branches. — C.  SHARP,  Kingswood,  near  Reigate, 

GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING),  where 
more  are  kept. — Age  29.  married,  one  child;  eneigetic 
and  trustworthy  ;  thoroughly  understands  Gardening  in  all 
branches.  Two  years'  excellent  character.  —  W. .  Mr.  Legg, 
2.  Upper  Station  Road,  Church  End.  Finchley.  N. 

C:j.ARDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age  27, 
^  single  ;  thoroughly  understands  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Vines,  Peaches,  &c.,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden- 
ing. Good  character. — A.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Casino  House, 
Heme  Hill,  S  E. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26, 

mirried  ;  ihorouphly  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches. 
Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  — Gocd 
reierences.  Abstainer. — A.  B.,  5,  Dyers  Lane,  Upper  Richmond 
Road.  Putney,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  A 
Gentleman  can  highly  recommend  to  any  Nobleman 
or  Gentleman  a  Gardener  who  is  thoroughly  experienced  in 
Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fruit,  Cut  Flowers,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Land  and 
Stock. — Y.,  33,  Salisbiu'y  Road,  Upper  Holloway,  N. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 
no  encumbr-ince.  Twenty-five  years'  thorough  experi- 
ence in  Gardening  in  all  its  branches,  also  Meadow  Land  and 
Stock.     Good  character.— G.  JONES,  The  Elms,  Grays,  Essex. 

ARDENER  (Head   Working,   or    good 

SiNGLE.HANDED,  With  a  Lad )— Age  ^^,  married: 
thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Tnree  years'  good 
character.— W.,  Rose  Cottage,  Tatsfield.  Weslerham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  age  38.— 
A  GENTLEMAN  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head 
Gardener,  through  having  sold  his  establishment,  who  is  a 
thorough  experienced  man  in  all  branches. — A.  L.,  14,  Alpha 
Road,  Regent's  Pa.k,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  2>^, 
married,  two  children  (youngest  to  years).  Fourteen 
years'  good  practical  experience  as  Head.  Satisfactory  reasons 
for  leaving.  Good  re  e.ences.— GARDEN  ER,  Woodlands, 
Nightingale  Lane,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 


GARDEWER.- Age  41,  no  family;  thorough 
practical.     Wife  good  Laundress.     Personal  characters  if 
required- GARDENER.i.S.  Welifield  Road,  Sireaiham.S.  W. 


GARDENER  (good  Single-handed).  — 
Age  ^4,  married  ;  abstainer.  Eighteen  months' 
excellent  refeience.— E.  F.,  23,  Alford  Road,  Union  Grove, 
London,  S.W, 


G 


GARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or 
otherwise) —Age  25,  single;  seven  years'  experience. 
Good  references,  and  can  be  highly  recommended  from  last 
employer,-D.  ALDERMAN,  i,  Trelawn  Road,  Leyton, 
Essex. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or 
where  help  is  given), — Age  32,  married  ;  thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches.  Good  character  -W.  C.,  6,  Portland 
Villas,  Windsor  Road,  New  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

ARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED  or  Second), 

where  four  or  five  ate  kept. — Age  25  ;  very  good  refer- 
ence—WILLIAM   FELSTEAD,  Barkby.  near  Leicester. 

GARDENER  (SECOND),  or^OURNEY- 
MAN.  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  24;  ten  years* 
experience.  Good  references.— Apply,  with  patticulars,  to  C 
WILLIAMS,  Goldsworth  Road,  Woking  Station,  Surrey. 

ARDENER*  (Under).— Age  20.— Mr.  O. 

NORWOOD,      Mr.   Binkenige,     Stanmore    Common. 
Middles'x. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  private  estab- 
lishment.—Age  22,  single  ;  total  abstainer.  Practical 
knowledeeof  Cucumbers,  Mushrooms,  Pot  Strawberries.  Pints, 
Grapes,  &c.  ;  no  objection  to  ass.st  with  Scylhe  in  busy,  time, 
take  turn  with  Fires,  &c.  Prefers  to  live  m  Bothy.  Can  have 
good  references.  —  Apply  in  first  instance  to  the  HEAD 
GARDENER,  Gillingham  Hail,  near  Beccles,  Norfolk. 


FOREMAN.  —  Thoroughly    experienced    in 
every  branch  of  the  profession.     Very  highest  references. 
Bothy  preferred.— S..  180,  High  Street,  Southampton. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  place,  at  once 
or  later  on. — Age  27  ;  thirteen  years'  practical  exoerience 
in  all  branches.  Excellent  references. — n,  Heath  Terrace, 
Twickenham. 

OREMAN  ;  age  23,  single.— C   Chidlev, 

Gardener  to  C.  Nortington,  Esq  ,  Abbotsfield,  Plymouth, 
can  strongly  recommend  Edwin  Gibbens.  Has  been  over 
three  years  in  present  situation. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24  ;  five 
years'  experience.  Well  recommended.  Leaving  lo 
better.  Abstainer— W.  SAVAGE,  Hamble  Cliff  Gardens, 
Netley,  Southampton. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 
25  :  eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession, two  years  in  present  situation.  Well  recommended 
from  present  and  previous  places.— G.  HART,  The  Gardens, 
High  Firs.  Harpenden,  Herts. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment  ;  age 
28.— C.  Roberts.  Gardener  to  E.  C.  Glover,  Esq., 
Highfield  Hall,  Leek.  Staffs,  wishes  to  recommend  his  Fore- 
man, W.  Smith,  as  a  thorough  good  practical  man.  Fourteen 
years'  experience  in  good  establishments,  and  three  years  in 
present  place. 

1  ^OREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR  (Indoor). 
— Age  36  ;  twenty  years' experience  in  someof  the  leading 
Nurseries,  of  Roses,  Clematis,  Rhododendrons,  and  General 
Nursery  Stuff.— Address,  stating  terms,  to  H.  L.,  35,  Chester 
Street,  Cirencester. 

OREMAN  PROPAGATORand  GROWER 

(Indoor) —Many  years'  experience.  Grapes,  Cucum- 
bers, Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers.  Plants,  Sc.  Market  or  otherwise. 
Good  references. — A.  B.,  86,  Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn 
Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  SALES- 
MAN.— Advertiser  seeks  re-enea^ement  ;  gO'>d  Wrealh 
and  Bouquet  hand.  First-class  references.— E.  JENKINS, 
Woodstock  Cottage,  Leckhampton,  Cheltenham. 

To  Market  Growers  and  Otbers. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.— Age  25  ; 
tea  years'  experience  in  Pelargoniums,  Fuchsias,  Hydran- 
geas, Bouvardias,  Solanums,  Bedding  StuflF,  Packing,  &c. 
Good  character.— J.  LAMBERT,  2,  Coles  Avenue,  Lower 
Edmonton,  London. 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Softwood)  or  GENERAL 
ASSISTANT  in  the  Houses.— Steady  and  trustworthy. 
Low  wages. — L..  Garjeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4r,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


ORCHID  GROWER,  CULTIVATOR,  and 
PROPAGATOR  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
General. — Age  24  ;  native  of  Germany,  but  speaks  English 
well.— Messrs.  THOMAS  CRIPPS  and  SON,  The  Tun- 
bridge  Wells  Nurseries,  Kent,  can  confidently  recommend  the 
above,  and  will  have  pleasure  iQ  answering  any  inquiries. 


JOURNEYMAN. — Age  22  ;  9  years'  experi- 
ence.    Good    characters. — A.    BELL,    8,    Agar    Street, 
Charing  Cross,  Strand,  W.C. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  21  ; 

^  seven  years'  experience.  Good  references.  Boihy  pre- 
ferred —  C.  FERMER,  Louis  Villas,  26,  Western  Read, 
Tunbridne  Wells. 

JOUI<NEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  25.— 
Mr.  J.  Andhkson,  The  Gardens,  Streaiham  Grove, 
Norwood,  S.E,,  can  highly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 
Singularly  indu^trioui,  obliging,  and  persevering. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  21  ;  over  two  years  in  present  place.  Excellent 
references.— J-  BROUKS,  The  Gardens,  Worksop  Manor, 
Woiksop,  Notts. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentle- 
man's  esJablishment.  — Age  20;  eig.'iteen  months' experi- 
ence. Premium  Cl-  Good  references.— H.  BECK,  30,  Corn- 
field Terrace,  Eastbourne. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age 
20 ;  thiee  years'  good  character.  Bothy  preferred. — 
W.  SALISBURY,  23,  Stanmore  Street,  Caledonian  Road, 
London,  N. 

O    HEAD    GARDENERS.— T.    Lockie, 

Oakley  Court,  Windsor,  would  be  pleased  to  highly 
recommend  a  young  man  (age  24)  as  FIRST  JOURNEYMAN 
in  Houses,  or  FOREMAN  in  a  moderate  sized  place.  Has 
been  five  years  under  his  charge,  and  is  strong,  able,  and 
willing  ;  honest,  sober,  and  industrious,  with  a  good  general 
knowledge  of  his  wo.k.    

TO  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 
in  a  Gentleman's  Garden,  by  a  young  man  (age  ji)  Five 
years'  experience.  Good  character.  — C.  R.,  16,  New  B.  ent 
Street.  Hendon,  N.W. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted  a  situation 
under  Gla.ss.  Used  to  the  Work.  Market  Nu.sery  pre- 
ferred. Age  19.— P.  BOURNER,  Cowbeech  Hill,  Magham 
Down,  Hailsham.  Sussex. 

O   NOBLEMEN'S  and    GENTLEMEN'S 

GARDENERS.-The  Rose  Foreman  here  has  a  son 
(i8  years  of  age),  who  has  been  working  with  him  the  last  four 
years,  and  is  now  anxious  to  place  him  under  a  thorough 
practical  Gardener.  Does  not  objsct  to  pay  small  Premium  and 
has  excellent  references.  —  W.  A.  GATER,  The  Royal 
Nurseries,  Slough. 

O   NURSERYMEN,   GARDENERS,  &c. 

— A  respectable  young  man  (age  19)  seeks  a  situation  in 
a  good  Garden  or  Nursery  wiiere  he  wou  d  Improve.  Willing, 
and  of  good  character,- WM.  POTTER,  Hazelwick,  Three 
Bridges,  Sussex. 

ri^O    GARDENERS.  —  Wanted   to   place   a 

JL  strong  Youth  under  a  good  Gardener.  Please  state 
terms.  -GARDENER,  Priory  Lodge,  St.  Helen's,  Ryde, 
IsleofWiiiht. 

OWMAN,    or   UNDER    GARDENER.— 

Middle.aged,  married,  no  family,  respectable.  Wife  good 
Dairy  and  Poultry-woman,  or  could  attend  to  Lodge  (jate. 
Good  reference.- D.  GREENFIELD,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton, 
Surrey. 

'pO  FLORISTS,  &c.— Required  the  Manage- 

-JL  ment  of  a  Seed  and  Fruit  Shop.  Twelve  years'  experience. 
Can  be  well  recommeDdcd.— C.  ROUSE,  Mr.  Gilbert,  Marine 
Parade,  Hastings. 

HOPMAN    (He.ad),    or    MANAGER.— A 

thoroughly  competent  man  in  either  of  the  above  capa- 
cities, will  shortly  be  disengaged.  Has  had  responsible  Man- 
agement of  the  Seed  and  Hulb  Departments  in  London  and 
Provincial  Houses  during  ihe  past  fifteen  years.  An  tfficieBt 
Correspondent,  and  well  versed  in  Plants.— H.  W.,  180,  Lam- 
beth Road,  Lambeth.  London,  S.E. 

S"~HOPM'aN  (Head).— Middle-aged,  Scotch  ; 
has  extensive  experience  in  the  various  brai;ches  of  the 
Seed  and  Dutch  Flower  Root  Business,  Implements,  Caialogue 
Publishing.  Good  recommendations.— T.  J.  D.,  152,  Hounds- 
ditch.  London,  E. 

S^  HOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  27  ;  eleven 
yeais'  exoerience  in  all  branches.  First  class  reference. 
—  E.  F..  Gardiiieri  Chraniclt  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

CThOPMAN,   or   SECOND.  —  Seven   years 

kj  experience  ;  good  knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs,  also 
Plants.  Can  be  well  recommended. —A.  B.,  15,  Dublin  Street, 
Edinburgh. 


Seed  Traile. 
OHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;  six 

k^     years'  experience.     Good  reference. — J.  S.,    Thos.    Imrie 
&  Sons.  Ayr,  N.B. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN      or     WAREHOUSEMAN.  — 
Young  ;  eight  years'  experience.     Exceptional  references, 
—ALPHA,  R.  B.  Laird  &  Son,  Edinburgh. 

TO  SEEDSMEN,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 
in  a  Seed  Business.  Good  knowledge  of  Seed  and  Bulb 
Trade,  Book-keeping,  &c.  Part  of  time  in  large  London  house, 
—  H.  A.  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Sliand,  W.C. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Liver,  Lungs,  and 
Kidneys.  —  Most  diseases  of  these  depurative  organs 
arise  from  obstructions,  over  the  removal  of  which  these  cele- 
brated Pills  exercise  the  most  perfect  coatrol.  A  course  of  them 
is  strongly  recommended  as  a  remedy  for  such  chronic  affec- 
tions as  Liver  Enlargements,  Congestion  of  the  Lungs,  Torpidity 
of  the  Kidneys,  and  other  Functional  Disorders  which  cause 
much  present  suffering,  and  if  neglected  lay  the  foundation  of 
organic  diseases.  Holloway's  Pills  are  specially  adapted  for  the 
young  and  delicate  ;  their  gentle  and  purifying  action  ranks 
them  above  all  other  medicines.  In  Indigestion,  Nervous 
Affections,  Gout,  and  Rheumatism,  these  Pills  have  achieved 
for  themselves  universal  fame.  They  expel  all  impurities  from 
the  blood,  and  thus  restore  cheerfulness  and  vigour. 


320 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  Si  '8 


CARSON'S 


PAINT. 


PATRONISED       BY 
HER  MAJESTY  the  QUEEN.      H.R.H.  the  PRINCE  of  WALES.      H.R.H.  the  DUKE  of  EDINBURGH. 

'I  he  British  Government.  The  Indian  Government.  The  Colonial  Governments.  15,000  of  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Clergy. 

IS    EXTENSIVELY    USED    FOR    ALL    KINDS    OF 


1  Cwt.  and  Oil  Mixture 

Carriage  Free. 

Discount  for  Cash. 


NON-POISONOUS  PAINTS 

ftr  Inside  Work, 

Conservatories.  &c. 


OUTDOOR       V/ORK. 

IT    IS    SPECIALLY    APPLIC  \BLE    TO 

WOOD,  IRON,  BRICK,  STONE,  and  COM PO,  CONSERVATORIES,  GREENHOUSES,  FRAMES,  &g. 

SOLD    IN    ALL    COLOURS.      PRICES,    PATTERNS   of  BOTH   PAINTS,  and   TESTIMONIALS    FREE. 

WALTER      CARSON      &      SONS, 

LA    BELLE    SAUVAGE    YARD,    LUDGATE    HILL,    LONDON,  E.G.,  and    BACHELORS'    WALK,    DUBLIN. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER     HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE,    KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,    LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

OONTKACTOKS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company 

UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 


Ilhistrated  CATALOGUE,  \^th  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


rz^,. 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(lateT.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  mansion  House 

Buildings. 

Horlicultural  Builders  in  Wood 

or  Iron. 

Hot-water   Heatine   Engineers  and 


Best  Woikmanship  and  Materials. 

Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

(TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3M.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  10s.  :   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels    of  not    less    than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in    London    only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON.    W.C. 


Editorial  Communic: 

Printed  by  Williaik 

the  said  William  Rich/ 


ions  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  BKADBfuv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
IDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  September  5.  1S85 
Aeent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstai)lisf)eti  I84i. 


No.  6ii.— Vol.  XXIV.  {serIIs.}  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  i: 


{Regislered  at  the  General  ?       Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  sid. 


CONTENTS. 


Anemones  in  September 
Aristolochia  elegans 
British  Association,  the  . . 
Cedar,  the  West  Indian 


Che: 


the 


;  of  Bri 
Dahlia  exhibition  for  t 

North     .. 
Dendrobium  pruning 
Eccremocarpus  scaber 
Edinburgh  fruit  show 


Florists' flowers  .. 
Fromow,  W.,  and  Sons' 
nursery  at  Chiswick  . . 
Fruit  notes 
Fruits  under  glass 

Gibbons,  Grinling 
Hardy  fruit  garden 

,,    ornamental  shrubs 
Horti  Floridi 
HoyaGriffithii    .. 
Kaimpferia  ornata 
Kingofth"e  Pumpkins  .. 
Kitchen  garden  . . 
Mildew,  aphis,  nnd    red- 


I  Mustard,  turnip-r 
Narcissus-fly,  the 
'  Nature  in  garden; 
,  Old  Dublin  gardei 


,,     pruning 
Orchids,  seed-vessels  of. . 
„     terrestrial  of  South 

Pear  Conference . . 
Recent  shows 
Seed  raising  . . 

Brighton  and  Sussex  . . 

Glasgow,  &c.  . . 

Massachusetts . . 

National  Dahlia 

Paisley 

Shirley.  MiUbrook 

and  Freemantle 

Royal  Horticultural  .. 

Warwickshire  . . 
Sunflowers,  perennial    . . 
Tomato,    Laxton's   open- 


j  Trachycarpus  Fortune! 
Turkey  Oak,  a  large 
Turner  memorial,  the 


Hoya  Griffithii  . 
Kampferia  ornata 
Narcissus-fly,  the 
Orchids,  seed-ve<-se 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
'YHE     GARDENERS'     CHR  ONICLE 

urho  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
tJieir  Copies  regularly,  are  pariictdarly  re- 
quested to  comnn4nicaie  with  the  Publisher^ 

IV.    RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-ofjice  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 


Now  Ready,  In  cloth,  16s. 
"J^HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J.  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve.Monihs. 

Agent  for  America  :—C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


GRAND     INTERNATIONAL     POTATO 
EXHIBITION    will    be   held    at   the   Crystal    Palace, 
Sydenham,  London,  S.E.,  on  OCTOBER  7,  8.  and  9.     Entries 
Close  on  September  30.     For  Schedules  and  particulars,  apply  to 
P.  McKINLAV,  Esq. 
Headley  Lodge,  Croydon  Road,  Anerley,  S.E. 


F 


OR  SALE,  cool    PALMS,   DRAC^NAS, 

rid  YUCCAS,  4  to  s  feet,  fine  specimens.    Apply  to 
W.  JACKSON  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Bedale. 


CIIERANIUMS,  H.  Jacoby,  Dr.  Orton,  West 
*      Brighton    Gem,    Niphetos  :    5C00   to  offer.      Make  fine 
plants  for  next  spring.     Price  12?    per  100,  cash. 
W.  AND  J.  BROWN,  Stamford. 


AZALEAS,    grand   large    plants    of    Double 
White,  well  set  for  earlv  bloom,  201.  per  dozen. 
BOUVARDIAS  in  eight  best  kinds,  including  Doubles,  fine 

bushy  plants,  255.  per  100. 
GARDENIAS,  bushy,  some  in  bud,  251.  per  100. 

W.  .lACKbON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 

To  the  Trade. 

SEAFORTHIA     ELEGANS.  —  Sped    just 
arrived  in  fine  condition.     Write  for   lowest  Trade  price 
and  sample  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

CABBAGE.  —  500,000     Clarke's     Improved 
Nonpareil  ;  i.ooo.ogo  other    leading    sorts.     Price    and 
Sample  on  application. 

JOHN  E.  KNIGHT,  Whitmore  Reans  Nurseries,  Wolver- 
hampton. 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 
Fine  pl.int';,  ready  for  single  pols,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  lar^e-ilowered  strains  we  have  distributed  for 
fourteen  years,  is.  6d.  per  doz..  105.  per  I05,  Z2S.  (>d.  for  950. 

WM,  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Alttincham, 
and  12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


pLEMATIS      JACKMANNI       ALBA      is 

V^  now  in  b'oom.  All  interesled  in  this,  the  most  important 
li.troduction  of  modern  times,  should  book  to  Sunninedale 
Station  (S.  W.  R. ),  and  call  on 

CHARLES  NODLK,  Bagshot. 


CROCUS   BULBS.  - 
Bulbs,  in  firsl-t.ate  condili. 
R.  GOSLING.  Mark. 


100,000   large  Yellow 

n,  at  81  per  1000. 
t  Gardener,  Boston. 

A  Floral  Treat. 

SIXTY  THOUSAND  Seedling  BEGONIAS 
IN  BLOOM  out-of-Joors.     The    grandest  floral  dfsp'ay 
in  the  world.     Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Stanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill,  S.E.- 


T/'ELWAY'S  PYRETHRUMS,  Double  and 

J-\-     Single.     Now  is  the  time  to  plant.     CATALOGUES 
gratis._       KELWAY  and  SON,  Langport,  Somerset. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
mg  and  bedding,  from  T2t.  to  2\s.  per  dozen,  strone  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Daffodils  -(Narcissi),  and   Other  Bulbs  for  Present 

Planting  in  GARr.KNs,  Meadows,  &c. 

EDWARD    MORSE,    Nurseries,    Epsom,- 
will  send  his  CATALOGUE  of  ihe  above  Bulbs  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  application. 


A      M-.    C.    JONG  KINDT     CONINCK 

-^^*  hegs.to  offer  : — 

.  CHIONODOXA  LUCILI/E. 
,.     SARDENSIS  (Novelty) 
SPIRVEA  PALMATA  ALBA  (Novelty),  pure  white. 
Prices  on  application. 
Tottenham  Nurseries,  Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 

Gardeners.  Please  Observe. 

GLADIOLUS,  The  Bride,  pure  White,  2s. 
per  doz.,  I2J.  per  100  :  NARCISSUS,  Eoleil  d'Or  and 
Gbriosa,  2j.  per  doz.  ;  Grand  Monaique  and  Whne  Peail,  31. 
per  doz.    Immense  bulbs.    Carriage  paid. 

T.  BAKER,  Florist,  &c  ,  Chester. 


FOR  SALE,  100  Pots  of  EUCHARIS  AMA- 
ZONICA,  from  32  s  to  No.  4  :  100  G,4RDENIAS.  in  4S's 
to  No.  tz  :  too  CAMELLIAS,  from  3  to  7  feet  high  ;  also  100 
AZALEAS.  6    .      so  100 

G.  WALKLING,  College  Park  Nursery,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


DUTCH    FLOWERING    BULBS,    HYA- 
CINTHS, tulips,  CROCUS,  &c.    Priced  descrip- 
tive CATAOGUE,  post-free  on  application. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  Seedsmen  and'  Nurserymen, 
Edinburgh. 


T)OUBLE    WHITE     ROCKET    (Hesperis 

-*-^     matronalis   albo-plena).  —  True,    itrong    plants    of    this 
scarce  and  valuable  Hardy  Flower  can  now  be  supplied  at  gs  per 
dozen.     Orders  for  i  dozen  upwards.     Carriage  paid.     Price  for 
large  quantities  on  application  to 
FREDERICK  FOREMAN.EskbanIc Nursery, Dalkeith, N.B.  I 


F 


RUITING      TREES     in     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS.    PEACHES.   &c. 

Well-trained    trees    for    walls,    with    fibrous  roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  RpSES.       SEAKALE  for  Forcing. 

Inspection  invited. 

ry,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 


WILL  TAYLER,  Osbon 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  «,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  -Garden,  W.C.  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  h*ad  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  in  a  position  to  com- 
mand the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers  and'  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  baskets,  and  labels  supplied. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
LongMarket,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 


QQUELCH         AND         BARNHAM, 

^      giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH  AND 

ACCOUNT  SALES s 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


BARNHAM. 

lily,  and 


T)AUL'S  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 

-*-  (entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
ofRfiSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
toiiisoect  the  stock  at  the  Waltham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London.  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  Wallham  Cross. 

MY    NEW    PRI-CE    LIST    of'See'ds   and 
Plants  for  1885-6.    may  bt  obtained  from  WERNER 
MEYER,  Esq..  Hamburgh. 

A.  LIETZE.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Caixa,  244. 

UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 

is  now  in  the  Press.     Send  f.T  a  copy. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMP.ANY,  Colchester. 


O 


ODORUS 


(CAMPER- 

a  few  thousand 


NARCISSUS 
NELLI)    tru*  sos. 
Swett  scented  JONQUILS,  at  isi.per  icoo.     All  selected  and 
grood  fljweting  bulbs. 
THOS.GFLL,  St.  Laurence,  Veitnor.  I,le  of  Wight. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 
JULES  DE   COCK,  Ghent,   Belgium,  offers 
fJ      to  the  Tr.,de;— AZALEAS    INIMCA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,   FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

Bulb  Catalogue. 
T  AING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 

-L ^     reason  is  now  ready,    free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hyacinths.    Tulips.   N       '  " 

t    Trees,    Shrubs,   &c. 


solicited. 


JOHN  LAING  , 


ly    Ordei 
CO.,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses. — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged.  20  inches  high,  i2r. 
per  dozen  ;  .'ample  plants,  is.  -i^d.  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
255.  per  100  ;  sample  12  for  4i.  All  packages  and  parcels  post  free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDEN  ER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

E    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 

containing  its  History.  Poetry,  arfd  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcyts.  Price  i*. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  Gnrden.  W.C. 

HOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 

The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  aU  our  Customers ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  know.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb   Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  pots,  6f 
best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.  Priced  LIST  gratis.  A  sample  dozen,  carefully  packed 
for  travelline,  will  be  put  on  Railway  on  receipt  of  13J.  dd. 


EWING  andCO..  Sea  Vie 


!S,  Ha 


To  the  Trade, 
y  O  N  A  L        PELARGONIUMS. 

/^  Sooo  for  Sa'e.  Surplus  stock.  All  the  leading  varieties. 
Splendid  suiff  in  48-pots,  about  half  in  full  flower,  lit  for  im- 
mediate use.  The  remainder  have  been  disbudded  and  specially 
grown  for  winter  flowering.     My  own  selection.     Price,  3or.  per 


PICTA,  NEW,  BEGONIA  REX  TYPE.— 
Silver  centre,  bright  light  green  margin  with  silver  spots, 
very  beautiful.     Good  plant,  2^.  61/.,  post. free. 

TEA  ROSES,  own  roots,  best  varieties,  w.   per  dozen,  car- 
riage paid.     Strong  plants  Niphetos,  Marie  Henriette,  &c. 
MAIRIS  AND  CO.,  Weston  in  Gordano,  Bristol. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  LlUes,  &c. 

CG.  VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.     Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now  ready,   and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  E.C. 

Vines— Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE-VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  ftuiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Price  and  full  particulars  on 
application  to  the  Company, 

'       "  Liverpool. 


ird  and  N 


Garston, 


STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's.  for  potting  on  or  plantint;  out.     Low   prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond. Surrey. 

ST  RAW B  ERrTeS.- The  New  Earliest 
"  Pauline,"  First-class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural 
.Society,  and  all  the  best  sorts,  in  small  pots,  or  as  transplanted 
Runners. 

PAUL  AND  SON,  .The  "  Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N. 


OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS, 

i  Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  1/.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVLL  AND  SON. 

Suawberry    Growers,     Driftield. 


322 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

'  Tuesday,  September  15.  —  Hallett's  Auction  Rooms, 

278,  HollouMv  R"ad,  N.     UNRESEVED  SALE  of  first- 
class  DUTCH  BULBS,  direct  from  the  farms  in  Holland. 

MR.  W.  B.  HALLETT  (many  years  with 
Messrs.- Oxenham)  will  SELL  by  AUCCION,  at  his 
Rooms,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  September  15.  at  i  for 
3  o'clock  precisely,  without  the  slightest  reserve,  5C0  lots  of 
first-class  DUTCH  BULBS,  includics  choice  varieties  of 
HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  IRIS, 
&c.,  in  lots  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 

May  be  viewed  the  day  prior,  and  Catalogues  had  or  for- 
warded on  application  to  the  Auctioneer,  278.  Holloway  Road, 
N.,  and  ti,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.  (Telephone,  Nos. 
7533  and  1609). 

Great  HortictUtural  Sale  Week,- 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  call  the  attenliou  of  the  Trade  to  the  following 
SALES  for  NEXT  WEEK,  fuller  particulars  of  which 
appear  in  the  succeeding  advertisements  ; — 

MONDAY.— DUTCH  BULBS,at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
TUESDAY ANNUAL   SALE  of   HEATHS,   &c..   at   the 

Burnt    Ash    Nurseries,    Lee,    by   order  of  Messrs,    11. 

Mailer  &  Sons— itso  lots. 
WEDNESDAY.— ANNUAL  SALE   of  HEATHS,   &c.,   at 

the  Lea  Bridge  ^lurseries,  Leytoo,   by  order   of  Mr. 

John  Fraser— 1107  lots. 
THURSDAY. -Ai^NUAL  SALE  of  HEATHS,  &c.,  at  the 

Brunswick  Nursery,  Tottenham,  by  order  of  Mr.  John 


Maller-i; 


)  lots.' 


„    DUTCH      BULBS     and     13,000     TUBEROSES,    at 
Messrs.  Protheroe  &  Moms'  Rgoms. 
FRIDAY.— SPECIAL  TRADE   SALE   of  ORCHIDS,    at 
Messrs.  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 


SATURDAY.-DUTCH   BULBS,  at  Messrs.   Protheroe   & 
Morris'  Rooms. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  at  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.  every  MONDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  at  half.past  tt  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely each  day.  about  Sco  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIP.5,. 
CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  frum  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private 
Buyers. 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N.B.  The  Sale  on  THURSDAY  NEXT  will  include  jooo 
GOLD  FISH. 

Lee,  Kent,  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to  commence  punctually 
at  11  o'clock  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
adjoinmg  Lee  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY,  September  15, 
at  n  o'clock  punctually,  without  reserve,  20,000  WINTER 
BLOOMING  HEATHS,  beautifully  grown  and  well  set  with 
bloom-buds,  including  15,000  Erica  hyemalis.  3000  gracilis, 
loop  CafTra,  and  large  quantities  of  ventricosa  and  other 
varieties  ;  large  numbers  of  Erica  gracilis  autumnalis  in  60-pots 
for  growing  on  ;  7000  well-berried  SOLANUMS,  icoo 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  1000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA. 
2000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.  2000  LOMARIA  GIBBA. 
and  other  choice  decorative  Ferns  in  48-pot«  ;  2000  GEN- 
ISTAS. 6000  BOUVARDI  AS,  including  the  new  double  Sang- 
Lorrain  and  V.  Lemoine,  also  Alfred  Neirner  and  President 
Garfield  ;  1000  decorative  PALMS,  tooo  EPACRIS,  double 
white  PRIMULAS,  Marlchal  Niel  and  other  TEA  ROSES, 
extra  strong  STEPHANOTIS,  HOYAS.  English-grown 
CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS.  3000  CLEMATIS  FLAM- 
MULA,  one  year  transplanted,  and  other  stock. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C- 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  Stock  to  be  offeredas  above.  The  Plants 
are  remarkably  well_  grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  as  in  former 
years. 

Lea  Bridge  Road  Nursei-les.  Leyton,  E. 
GREAT    ANNUAL    UNRE^ERVED   TRADE    SALE    of 
WINTER      FLOWERING      HEATHS      and      other 
PLANTS,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Eraser. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the 
Premises,  the  Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries.  Leyton.  E.,  close  to 
Hoe  Street  Railway  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY,  September 
16,  at  II  o'clock  precisely  (in  consequence  of  there  being 
upwards  of  iioo  lots),  without  reserve,  many  thousands  of 
winter  blooming  and  other  HEATHS  remarkably  well  grown, 
including  hyemalis,  gracilis,  caffra,  hybrida,  candidissima, 
persoluta  alba,  ventricosas.  and  others;  2000  EPACRIS  of 
the  choicest  kinds,  2000  AZALEA  INDICA,  4000  CYCLA- 
MEN PERSICUM,  2000  GENISTA  FKAGRANS,  400 
Double  White  PRIMULAS  in  40  and  48-pots,  500  BOU- 
VARDIAS,  best  sorts  ;  Tea-scented  and  Noisette  ROSES, 
SOLANUM  CAP3ICASTRUM  in  berry,  several  hundreds  of 
well  grown  CAMELLIAS  well  set  with  bloom,  CLEMATIS 
INDIVISA  LOBATA,  and  other  GREENHOUSE 
CLIMBERS;  1500  early  flowering  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 
300  Marechal  Niel  and  other  ROSES,  from  7  to  10  feet :  a  large 
quantityolAMPELOPSISVEITCHII,  a  variety  of  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  fine  healthy  young  plants  of  LAPA- 
GERIA  ALBA  and  ROSEA  SUPERBA,  a  beautiful  lot  of 
about  300  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  3000  CLEMATIS 
JACKMANNI.  and  other  fine  varieties:  a  splendid  lot  of 
vanegated  IVIES,  400  large  variety  White  JASMINE,  a 
quantity  of  other  hardy  climbers,  400  HOLLYHOCKS,  line 
named  sorts,  and  other  Slock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63, 
Cheapside,  Londont  E.C. 


Tbursday  Next. 
13.000  TUBEROSES.-TO  THE  TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT.  Ten  Cases  of  hue  Bulbs  of  Double 
African  TUBEROSES,  ju;t  received,  in  Lots  of  One  Case 
each,  containing  13,000  roots. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  h.ad. 

Tottenham,  N. 
GREAT     ANNUAL      TRADE       SALE      of     WINTER- 
FLOWERING     HEATHS,     STOVE     and     GREEN- 
HOUSE    PLANTS,    &c.,     to    commence   punctually   at 
II   o'clock,  there   being   upwards  of    1200  lots    to   sell   in 

M°ES'SRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
ate  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Mailer  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nursery,  Totten- 
ham, N.,  close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station,  Great  Eastern 
Railway,  on  THURSDAY.  September  17,  at  it  o'clock 
punctually,  without  reserve,  20,000  Winter-blooming  H  EATHS, 
beautifully,  grown,  and  abundantly  set  with  flower-buds, 
including  hyemalis,  gracilis,  caffra.  Wilmorea,  assurgens,  and 
other  best  kinds;  icoo  EPACRIS,  in  best  varieties;  5030 
remarkably  well-berried  SOLANUM  CAPSICASTRUM, 
5000  well-grown  FERNS,  including  Adiantums  and  Gymno- 
grammas;  500  FICUS  ELASTICA.  4000  TREE  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  varieties  ;  50C0  BOUVARDIAS,  including  the 
new  double  scarlets,  Sang-Lorrain,  Triomphe  de  Nancy,  and 
Victor  Lemoine;  1000  EUPHORBIA  JACQUINIFLORA 
large  plants  of  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS  or  cutting  from, 
40C0  GENISTAS,  1000  Double  White  PRIMULAS,  including 
Gilbert's  new  varieties;  many  thousands  ol  small  ERICAS 
GENISTAS,  FERNS,  &c.,  for  growing  on  ;  large  quantities 
of  AZALEAS,  budded  CAMELLIAS.  GARDENIAS.  BE- 
GONIAS, ACACIAS,  PALMS,  PASSI FLORAS  CCERU- 
LEA  and  CONS!  ANCE  ELIOTT.  the  new  white  :  a  ' 
variety  of  other  remarkably  well-gro-wn  STOVE  and  GREEN 
HOUSE  PLANTS.  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  CLE 
MATIS,  EUONYMUS  OVATUS  AUREUS  in  pots,  and 
many  thousands  in  stores;  and  other  SHRUBS  for  potting, 
suitable  for  the  Trade  and  other  extensive  Buyers. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the   Pre. 
s.  and  of  th,^  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 


side. London,  E.C. 

N.B. -The  whole  of  the  Stock  i^  in  first-r: 
ERICAS  being  especially  well  set  for  flower. 


condition,  the 


Sldcup,  Kent,  S.E. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER 
FLOWERING  HEATHS,  and  other  Plants,  forming  one 
of  the  largest  collections  ever  offered  to  the  Public.  The 
stock  of  Heaths  is  unrivalled,  the  plants  being  particularly 
well  grown  and  beautifully  set  with  flowers,  and  well  worthy 
of  an  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &:  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  PretnUes,  The  LonglaDds  Nursery,  Sid- 
cup,  ten  minutes' walk  from  Pope  Street  Station  (S.E. K.),  on 
FRIDAY,  September  18.  at  ii  o'CIock  precisely  (there  being 
nearly  iioo  Lots),  an  immense  quantity  of  unusually  well-^rown 
WINTER  BLOOMING  HEATHS,  and  OTHER  PLANTS, 
"including  ; 


J  Erica  hyetnali 
gracilis. 

Cavendishi. 
magnifica. 
coccinea  mino 
1  flowering  pots. 


1!  set. 


Carn 


48. 


<  double  Primulas,  in  48- 

300  Camellias,  well  budded. 

The  stock  is  is  now  on  view. 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers 
side,  London,  E.C. 


3  Sola 


I  48-pots. 


1  48- 


Bouvardi 
48-pots. 
3,000  Cyclamen,  in  48-pots. 
2,oco  Grevillea  robusta, ' 

50.000  Heaths  of  sorts,  in  60- 
pots,  for  growing  on. 
Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
md  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 


Friday  Next.— Trade  Sale  of  Orchids. 
CATTLEYA  DOWIANA. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.  ,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  18,  at  half-past  12  o'CIock  pre- 
cisely, a  very  fine  lot  of  IMPORTLD  ORCHIDS,  selected 
with  a  view  of  meeting  the  requiremements  of  the  Trade.  The 
Sale  will  co-nprise  a  splendid  importation  of  Cattleya  Dowiana, 
in  exceptionally  fine  condition,  and  including  one  of  the  largest 
masses  ever  introduced,  Epidendrum  Schomburghi,  E.*diotum, 
Odontoglossum  planifolium,  Laslia  purpurala.  &c. 

On  vifew  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cataloguet  had. 


Sidcup. 

ABSOLUTE  SALE,  by  ord*;r  of  Miss  Sim,  who  is  giving 
up  the  Nursery. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The 
Sidcup  Hill  Nursery,  Sidcup,  on  MONDAY,  September  ir, 
at  12  o'clock,  without  reserve,  50,000  of  Hardy  and  Exotic 
FERNS,  in  variety,  for  which  this  Nursery  has  b^en  so  cele- 
brated ;  5000  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  30D0  LAURELS, 
1000  FRUIT  TREES,  hundreds  of  HOLLIES,  AUCUB.iS, 
and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS;  7000  HER- 
BACEOUS PLANTS,  four  GREENHOUSES,  HOT- 
WATER  PIPING,   BOILERS,  &c. 

Now  on  view.     Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N.B.— The  NURSERY  TO  BE  LET, 

Hendon,  N.W. 

TRADE  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  grown  specially  fqr  the  London  Cut 
Flower  Trade,  by  order  of  Mr.  J.  H._  Pounce,  without 
reserve,  the  land  being  required  for  building  purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Pounce's 
Nursery,  Hendon,  N.W.,  ten  minutes'  walk  from'  the  Station, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  September  23,  at  ta  o'clock  precisely,  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS  — 50.000  Carnations,  including  Gloire  de  Nancy, 
Prince  of  Orange,  Dr.  Abercrombie,  ."Vlegatiere,  and  other 
choice  sorts  ;  large  Eucharis  amazonica,  large  Azaleas,  prin- 
cipally white  ;  Tea  and  other  Pot  Roses,  early  and  late  Chry- 
santhemums, Imantophyjlums,  Pancratium  fragrans.  Myrtles, 
Hardy  Climbers,  and  quantities  of  other  Stock,  lotted  to  suit 
the  Trade  and  private  Buyers.  Also  one  GREENHOUSE,  and 
HOT-WATER   PIPING. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Acton,  W 

GREAT  TRADE   SALE   of  FERNS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  J.jhn  Reeves,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION  on  the' Premises,  The  Nursery,  Hxbridge  Road. 
Acton,  W.,  five  minutes'  walk  from  the  station.  North  London 
Railway,  on  THURSDAY,  September  24.  at  12  o'CIock  pre- 
cisely 10000  FERNS,  in  pots  and  store  boxes,  including 
Adiantums,  Lomarias.  Pteiis  cretica,  and  cretica  alba  lineata, 
Aspleniums,  &c.  ;  sooo  CORYPHA  AUSTRALIS.  1000 
ASPARAGUS  PLUMOSUS,  1000  AZALEAS,  well  set  with 
buds  ;  PELARGONIUMS,  soco  Old  Crimson  CLOVE  CAR- 
NATIONS, 5000  Green  EUONYMUS,  5000  AUCUBAS, 
I  to  3  feet  ;  Green  and  Variegated  HOLLIES,  and  a  quantity  of 
other  SHRUBS. 

.  May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  now  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  (8. 
Cheapside,  E.C. ' 

Preliminary  Notice  of  Forthcoming  Sales  of  Nursery 

STOCK. 
Important  to  Noblemen.  Gentlemen,   Nurserymen,  Landscape 
Gardeners,    Builders,   and    others   proposing   to  Plant 

ESSRS.  PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 


M 


begt 


:  of  their  Forthcoming  Sale: 


OCTOBER   13,    at   the   NURSERY,   CLAPTON,  by  order 

of  Messrrs.  Offord  &  Sons,  the  Lease  having  expired. 
OCTOBER   14  and    15,    at    the    NURSERY,    FELTHAM 

HILL  ROAD.  SUNBURY,  by.  order  of  Mr.  Dawson. 
OCTOBER  10  and  four  following  day's,  at  the  NURSERY. 

CANTERBURY,    by   order   of  Messrs.    Kinmont    & 

Kidd,  the  Lease  having  expired. 
OCTOBER   zo,   at    the    JOYNINGS'    NURSERY,    WAL- 

THAM  CROSS,  by  order  of  Mr.  W.  Rumsey. 
OCTOBER  27  and  =8,   at  the  NURSERY,    PUTNEY,   by 

order  of  Messrs.  Mahood  &   Son,   the  Lease  having 

OCTOBER  29,'at  PRINCE'S  NURSERY,  HENDON,   the 
Land  being  required  for  Building. 

NOVEMBER  3.  at  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERY,  TOT- 
TENHAM, by  order  of  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware. 

NOVEMBER  4,  at  OSBORN'S  NURSERY,    HAMPTfJN, 
byorderof  Mr.  W.  TayUr. 
Other  Sales  are  being  arranged,   and  when  the   dates  are 

finally  settled  th'ey  will  be  duly  announced. 
Messrs.  P.  &  M.  will  be  pleased  to  forward   Catalogues  rjn 

application.  

Flowering  Orchids.— Special  Sale, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .\ND  MORRIS 
beg  to  give  notice  that  their  next  S.-VLE  of  the  above 
will  take  place  on  TOESDAY.  September  29.  for  which  they 
will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  ENTRIES  in  due  course. 

Dutch  Flower  Koots. 

MR.     J.     C.     STEVENS     will     SELL    by 
AUCTION,    at    his    Great    Rooms.    38,    King    Street. 
CovenI  Garden.  W.C,  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.     Sales  commence  at:  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'CIock. 
Catalogues  sfent  on  application- 
Thursday  Next.- (Sale  No.  £970.) 
IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  inclnde  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  bU  Great  Rooms.  38,  K'nj 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
September  17.  about  200  lots  of  good  Imported  ORCHIDS,   in 


fine  condit 


On 


,  from  Messrs.  Shuttleworb,  Cardei 
J  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogu 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  6970 ) 
ORCHIDS        IN        f"  LOWER,       Src. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  17.  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  COLLECTION  of 
ORCHIDS  in  flower,  comprising  Aiirides  Rohaneana.  Phalar- 
nopsis  Sanderiana,  Odontoglossum  vextllarium  rubellum. 
Dendrobium  Brymerianum,  D.  Williamsoni,  Cattleya  superba 
splendens.  C.  Dowiana,  S:c.  :  also  about  seventy  lots  of  good 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  a  private  collection,  in- 
cluding over  fifty  fine  plants  ol  Odontoglossum  Alexandra;  in 
splendid    health,    fine   pieces    of    O.     Lindleyanum,    Cattleya 


Oni 


r  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


St  Martin's,  Chichester. 
TO    GRAPE    GROWERS,     FRUITERERS,    CAPITAL- 
ISTS, AND  OTHERS. 
Sale  of  a  FREEHOLD  GARDEN,  known  as  The  Graoeries. 

MESSRS.  'WYATT  AND  SON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  THyRSDAY,  September  17,  at  The 
Dolphin' Hotel,  Chichester,  at  3  o'clock  precisely,  by  direction 
of  Mr.  Isaiah  Baker,  who  is  retiring  from  business,  a  very 
valuable  and  productive  FREEHOLD  G.\RDEN,  known  as 
THE  GRAPERIES,  ST.  MARTIN'S.  CHICHESTER, 
with  eight  Glasshouses  thereon  in  capital  condition,  heated  with 
flues  and  hot.water  pipes,  having  a  total  length  of  518  feet,  and 
an  area  of  9646  feet  of  glass.  Four  of  the  largest  houses  are  ' 
well  stocked  with  the  choicest  Vines  for  market  produce  and  in 
full  bearing  ;  the  other  four  .  are  used  as  Strawberry  and 
Tomato  houses.  The  garden  is  planted  with  Plum,  Pear,  and 
Mulberry  trees,  and  well  stocked  with  fruit  bushes.  There  is 
also  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  from  a  pump  in  the  garden, 
three  large  water  tanks,  and  a  Tool  and  Fowl. house  thereon. 
The  above  garden  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  city  of 
Chichester,  with  a  carriage  entrance  from  Little  London.  It 
has  been  for  many  years  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Isatah  Baker, 
who  has  done  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  London  market  and 
trade  customers  at  Southsea,  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Salisbury,  and 
other  places. 

Possession  will  be  given  at  Christmas  next,  with  the  exception 
of  the  vineries  where  the  Grapes  are  not  then  cut,  with  right  of 
access  thereto.  One  half  of  the  purchase  mouey  may  remain  on 
mortgage  at  4^  per  cent. 

The  garde'n  may  be  viewed  on  application  to  Mr.  ISAIAH 
BAKER,  The  Graperies,  St.  Martin's,  Chichester ;  ami 
particulars,  with  conditions  of  sale,  obtained  of  Messrs.  RAPER 
AND  FREELAND.  Solicitors,  West  Street,  Chichjjster  ;  and 
of  Messrs.  WYATT  and  SON,  Estate  Agents,  Valuers,  and 
Auctioneers,  East  Street,  Chichester,  and  Auction  Mart, 
Havant. 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


323 


Upton  Nurseries,  Stratford.  E. 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  Ficus 
■  elastica,  Eucharis  amazonica.  Palms.  Aspidistras,  Cy- 
perus  aherdifoUus,  700  Geraniums  in  flower  (including 
Madame  Thibaut  and  olher  well-known  varieties),  Coleus. 
double  white  Primula,  Begonias,  Chrysanthemums,  &c., 
1000  Maidenhair  Ferns,  also  a  fine  stock  of  Tea  Roses, 
Carnations,  Myrtles,  Camellias,  500  Tuberoses,  &c. 

MR.    CURTIS    will    SELL   the   above"  by 
AUCTION,     on   the    Premises,     in   suitable   lots,    on 
SATURDAY  AFTERNOON,  S.ptember  19. 

Catalogues  can  be  obtained  at  the  place  of  Sale,  and  of  the 
Auctioneer,  the  Broadway.  Plaistow,  E. 

HlgtaSeld  Nurseries,  Matlock,  Dertiyshlre. 

To    Noljlemen,     Gentlemen,     Nurserjmeu.    and    Others. 

HIGHLY     IMPORTANT     AND    ATTRACTIVE    SALE 

OF   NURSERY  S'lClCK, 

MESSRS.  ELSE  and  SON  have  received 
instructions  from  Mr.  J.  J.  Marriott,  who  is  giving  up 
a  portion  of  his  groui.d.  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  withom 
reserve,  on  MONDAY,  TUtSDAY.  and  WEDNESDAY, 
September  28,  2q.  and  30,  the  whole  of  the  very  Superior  Stock 
of  the  above-named  ground,  all  in  the  best  possible  condition 
for  removal,  including  large  quantities  of  ROTUNDIFOLIA, 
CAUCASICUM,  LATIFOLIA.  COLCHIC,  and  other 
LAURELS;  extra  strong  oval-leaved  PRIVET;  a  choice 
collection  of  Variegated  and  Green  HOLLIES:  CUPRF.SSUS, 
RETINOSPORAS,  ARAUCARIAS,  and  AREOR-VIT/ES  ; 
choice  named  RHODODENDRONS.  Tiee  P/EONIiiS. 
12,00a  Transplanted  Seedhng  RHODODENDRONS  from 
the  finest  named  sorts,  and  30,000  from  hybrids  ;  3000 
ROSES  on  their  own  roots,  in  choicest  variety  ;  a  very  select 
collection  of  Herbaceous  PiEONIES  in  strong  flowering 
pUnts  ;  40,000  transplanted  LARCH,  clean,  stout,  and  well- 
rooted  ;  extra  good  PINUS  AUSTRIACA.  &c. 

Particulars  of  which  are*  given  in  Catalogues,  to  be  had  one 
week  prior  to  the  Sale.-  from  Mr.  MARRIOTT,  Lime  Villa, 
Walsall,  or  the  Auctioneers,  Matlock  Bridge 

Messrs.  Else  &  Son  desire  to  call  special  attention  to  this 
Sale,  the  stock  to  be  ofTered  being  of  unusually  good  quality, 
particularly  worthy  of  the  notice  of  THE  TRADE  as  well  as 
PRIVATE  BUYERS,  there  being  nothing  old  or  over-grown, 
or  spoiled  by  over-crowding. 

London,  W. 

TO  FLORISTS  and  GARDENERS.— 
Commanding  position,  in  one  of  the  piincipal  main  tho- 
roughfares. Capital  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS-Show  House, 
^  Greenhouses,  several  Pits,  Dwelling-house,  and  Stable. 
Lease  52  years  at  a  low  rent.  Price  j£6cd.  Stock  optional. 
Excellent  opportunity. 

Full  particulars  of  Messrs.' PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.C.     (Folio  6242,) 

Important  Notice  to  Florists,  Nurserymen,  and 

OTHERS. 

TO   be   SOLD,   by   Private   Treaty,   a   very 
Valu.ible  Enclosure  of  LAND,  containing  ahout  5  Acres, 
well  adapted  for  the  abjve  purposes,  also  Poultry  Farm,  Public 
Institution,  or  Building  Purposes.     It  has  a  frontage  n  a  high    ] 
road,  rich  gravel  subsoil,  only  a  shor^  distance  from  Hampton    | 


To  Nurserymen. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  the  Old-established 
NURSERY  BUSINESS,  of  Mr.  William  Hounslow, 
of  Ringwood,  which  was  established  in  1800.  and  has  been  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  by  the  f,imily  to  the  present  time,  old  age 
being  the  sole  reason  for  retiring  from  the  same.  The  Nurseries 
are  admirably  adapted  for  growing  Seedlings  of  all  descriptions, 
and  contain  about  7  acres.  The  stock  consists  of  Forest  Trees, 
Conifers.  Flowering  Shrubs,  and  American  Plants,  to  be  taken 
at  valuation.  The  Nurseries  are  within  too  yards  of  the 
Railway  Station,  thus  offering  a  rare  opportunity  for  an  enter- 
prising man.  as  the  business  can  be  greatly  increased. 

For  further  particulars,  and  to  view,  apply  to  F.  AYLES, 
Auctioneer,  Ringwood. 

N.B.  In  case  the  Business  should  not  be  disposed  of.  the 
ANNUAL  SALE  will  lake  place  EARLY  IN  NOVEMBER, 
of  which  due  notice  will  be  given. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Beginners 

FOR  SALE,  a  SMALL  NURSERY,  situate 
in  Tottei  ham— held  lor  3  years  on  agreement,  at  a  rent 
of  ;^6  per  annu4h— compiising  3  Houses.  30  feet  long  by  ir  feet 
wide  :  t  House.  15  feet  long  by  9  feet  wide  — a  row  of  4-feet 
Pit  in  front  of  one  House.  Slabl.ng,  Shed,  and  good  Sicck- 
Price  £^\o      Reason  of  selling,  death.     Apply  to 

Mr.  SOUTH.  The  Pottery,  Angel  Road,  Edmonton. 

California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE   and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  J.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


TO  SELL  or  LET  (arising  through  death), 
a  Small  NURSERY  and  SEED  BUSI.NESS,  with 
immediate  possession,  if  required.  Direct  communication  with 
London  by  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Distance  80  miles.  Ten 
Acresof  LAND  can  also  be  had  suitable  (or  Seed  Growing  or 
Market  Garden  purposes.  Apply  to 
J.  K.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  152.  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

TO    LET,    with    13  years'  une.xpired  Lease, 
a  SMALL  FLORIST  and  JOBBING  BUSINESS,  in 
an  increasing  neighbourhood.      To  any  one  with  a  small  capital 
this  is  a  first-class  opporlunity. 
Apply,  G.  ROUSE,  Florist,  f^c-.  The  Green,  Twickenham- 

O  BE  LET,  on  Lease,  a  Small  NURSER\\ 

about  r  Acre  ;  16  Greenhouses,  Seed-shop,  and  Dwelling 
House.  Well  situated.  In  a  large  Maiket  Town,  i2  miles 
from  London.     Goodwill,  stock,  and  fixtures,  j^aso.  , 

Apply   in    first   instance,    HORTU-S.    Gammers'   Chronicle 
Ofiice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

iVfURSERY,  with  Three  Houses  over  loo  feet 

-i-l        long    each,     well    built,     cbmforiable,     double  fronted 


COTTAGE. 

Ground.    8  miles  from  Lon 

C.  H.  COWLE; 


Rent   Iti 
Inn.     Parties  with  ,£350  apply. 
,  Woodford  Green,  Essex, 


and  Fulwell  Railway  Stations,  S,W,R. 
an  immediate  sale  will  be  sold  a  bargain. 
Apply    to    Mr.    J.    EMBLETON,    Sufl^jlk     Hi 


effec 
New 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &o. 

AMCINTYKE    (Lite   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  umlernke   the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lisiria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


DUTCH    BULBS  AND    POT   ROSES. 


Paul  &  Son, 

THE    "OLD"    NURSERIES,    CHESHUNT, 


HAVE    NOW   READY  THEIR 


Large  Importations  of  HYACINTHS,    TULIPS,   NARCISSUS,  &c., 

selected  from  the  leading  growers  in  France  and  Holland. 

POT      EOSES      FOE     FOE  GIN  G, 

READY    TO    SELECT    FROM. 

CATALOGUES       and-    LISTS       Post-free. 


AUTUMNIWINTER-FLOWERING1  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 

Hugh  Low  &  Co. 

Invite  inspection,  by  purchasers,  of  the  immense  and  well-grown  Stock  growing  in  their  Nurseries  at 

CLAPTON    and    BUSH      HILL,      ENFIELD, 

COMPRISING 

ACACIAS,  AZALEAS,  BOUVARDIAS,  CAMELLIAS,'  CARNATION  (TREE),  CLEMATIS, 

CYCLAMEN,    DRACAENAS,    ERICAS,    EPACRIS,    FICUS,    FERNS, 

GENISTAS,     GARDENIAS,    GREVILEA     ROBUSTA,    JASMINUM,   LAURUSTINUM, 

LATANIA  BORBONICA.  PALMS  in  variety,  SOLANUMS,  &c. 


Fruit    Trees    and    Hoses   in  large    quantities  of   splendid  quality. 

The  Glass  Striiciures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  superficial  feet. 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,    E. 


The  Grand  New  Narclssua. 

SIR  W    A    T    K    I    N ." 

21.  each,  3IJ.  per  dozen,  t6o5.  per  loo. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.    First-class.  Cerlilicate  Rojal 

Hoiticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS.  "Newton"  Nyiseries.  Chester. 

The    Queen's    -5%^^^  Specially 

Seedsmen-  s^^&sS       Appointed. 

F.   &   A.    DICKSON    &    SONS, 

106,    EASTGATE    STREET,    CHESTER. 

DICKSON'S  SuperhStrainsol  PRIMULA.  CALCEOLARIA, 

CYCLAMEN,   and  other   FLORIST'S  FLOWERS,  are 

pronounced  to  be  unsurpassed  if  equalled.     They  represent 

the  most  advanced  and  perfect  types  of  the  day. 

VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  Autumn  Sowing. 

All  of  the  very  best  types  of  their  respective  kinds. 
DICKSON'S   Improved   MUSHROOM  SPAWN  is  the  best 
procurable.       See    numberless  Testimonials   from    famous 
grcwers 
DICKSON'S  Extra  Strong    Medicated    TOBACCO   PAPER 
is  the  most  effectual  and  always  reliable. 

CATALOGUES     Gratis    and    Post-free. 
Free  Delivery  by  Post  or  Rail. 

F.     &    A.     D  I  C  K  S  O  N     &     SONS, 

THE  QUEEN'S  SEEDSMEN.  CHESTER. 

RASPBERRY, 

BAUMFORTN'S  SEEDLING 

TRANSPLANTED  CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  above  for  delivery 
as  soon  as  ready. 
Planting  Canes  ..    ..  17s.  6d  per  100 
Fruiting  Canes  ..    ..  25s.  ,,       ,, 

Frier  li'  the  Trade  on  application. 
THE  YORKSHIRE    SEED  ESTABLISHMENT.  HULL 


BULBS    FOR    EARLY    FORCING. 

B,  s,  willFams' 

WFL[.    RIPENED  and  HEAVY  BULBS 

OF  P.r  loo-j.      d, 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS        ...     ...     15     o 

Fiom  5  to  514  inches  i.i  circumference. 

PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS  ...     10    .0 

From  5  to  6  inches  in  circumference. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS     10    6 

Fioni  5  to  6J^  inches  in  ciicumference. 
FARLY    ORDERS    SOL/CITED. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 


B  U  L  B       G  U  I  D  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  LIST  of  MISCELLANEOUS  BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  \Vhich  are  fully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

fe¥ns  a  specialty, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  contaioiog  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  u. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Desciiptive    "List  of  New,  Rare,    and  Choice 

Ferns."  free. 
Descriptive  "  List  op  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.   &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FEEN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


B  U  L  B  S 


200,000      DlilJiuT      PBOfla.      ±i01,LAND. 

Very  Lheap  LIST,  with  interesting  Pamphlet  on  Growing 
Bulbs  free  on  application.  HYACINTHS,  from  71.  6d.  too  ; 
TULIPS,  from  as.  tco ;  CROCUS,  from  ir.  too;  NARCIS- 
SUS, from  2r.  100.     Liberal  Discount  to  Large  Bayers. 

ROBERT  SYDENHAM,  Bristol  Road,  Birmingham. 


324 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[September  i2,  iSSJ. 


WEBBS'  EARLY 
FORCIN£BULBS, 

For  Prices  and  Cultural  Instructions, 
see  the  New  Edition  of 

WEBBS' 


Bulb   Catalogue 


For 

1885. 


NOW  READY. 

Gratia  &  Post-free. 


For 

1885. 


All  BULBS  are  Deli-vred  Free  iy  Post  or  Rail. 
S  per  cent.   Discount  for  Cash. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


-^EMBRACltlC  .\C  J-  ^ 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAI L 

PRICE  CATALOGli E  POSTJJEE 

JamesDickson&Sons 

'NEWTON"  NURSERIES  VurcTrR 
I08EASTCATES!   H-HtbltK 


JERSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 


fiCroRE  VV  .n>"^°°^'  '"-'"''  '^S'TE  FOR  OUR 
ILLI  STRATlDCATALOCL'ES 

-JOSHUAiEC0RNU<5cSON; 


p£/\P5 APPLES.  PLUMS,  &c.,  jZs.  per  dozen. 


Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 


B  U  LB  S. 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Has  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  he 
has  this  year  been  entrusted  with  the  whole 
of  the  Order  for  BULBS  required  by  the 
METROPOLITAN  BOARB  of  WORKS, 
for  the  various  Parks,  &c.,  under  their  juris- 
diction in  the  Metropolis  —  his  Tender  in 
Open  Competition  being  accepted. 

Orders  for  DUTCH  and  FRENCH 
FLOWERING  ROOTS  of  all  kinds  are 
now  being  executed. 

The   quality   of  the   Bulbs   is   excellent  this   year, 
they  bein^  unusually  large  and  well  ripened. 

Early  Orders  SoUelted. 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE 

\t,  now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

l^PPER    HOLLO  WAY,    LONDON,  N. 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 

Of  Choice    Hardv    Flowf.r.Roots    for    Indoor   and    Sprinj 
Gardening  have  been  much  enlarged,  and  contain  as  under  : 

COLLECTION   "  F,"    FOR    SPRING    GARDENING, 
Containing  900  Bulbs. 


Jly. 


36  Hyacinths,  di 

5>3  Tulips,  single 

50  Tulips,  doubli 

25  Tulips,  single  late. 

ao  Narcissus,  Polyaothus. 

30  Narcissus,  incomparabilis. 

24  Narciisus,  Poeticus. 

50  Anemones,  double. 


colours.     400  Crocus,  in  4  distinct  colours 
50  Ra.iunculus,  double. 
36  Gladiolus. 
50  Snowdrops,  single. 
25  Spanish  Iris. 
25  Triteleia  uniflora. 
25  Scilla  hyacinthoidcs. 
4  Liliumumbellalum. 


COLLECTION    "  C."    FOR    INDOOR. 
Containing  277  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


Hyacinths,  i8  in  i8  splendid 

named  varieties. 

3  Roman  Hyacinths. 
Tulips,  singly  early— 

12  in  4  fine  named  varieties. 

6  Due  van  Thol,  red  &  yellow 

6         .,         .,     scarlet. 


lo  fine  namrd ' 
us,  Polyanthus. 
1  finest  named  varieties. 


Narcissus,  double  and  single — 

11  in  4  named  vi„elies. 
Jonquils- 

6  double,  sweet-scented. 

6  siDgle,         ., 
12  Scilla  sibirica  (praecox). 
12  Choice  Ixias. 
12      „    Sparaxis. 
12       „     0.valis. 
12  Grape  Hyacinth*. 

(H.  botryoides). 

6  Eranlhis  Ilyemalis. 

6  Snowdrops. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 


Ha 


The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,.  Cross  Lane,  St.  Maryat-Hill, 
London,  EC,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  IN- 
DOOR and  SPRING  Gardening,  see  our  complete  and 
revised  CATALOGUE  for  1885,  which  will  be  sent,  post- 
free,  on  application  to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  and  SON,  Nurserymen,. 

Overveec,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 


CHOICE     IMPORTED 

.   DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  2\s.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  bs.  6d.  to  £4  4s. 


HOSES,  c,s.  per  dozen.       A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Se>id  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  &^c.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


BEAUTIEFL 


FLOWEES 


AT    CHRISTMAS 

May  be  secured  by  planting 


SUTTON'S 


FORCING  BULBS 


For  Prices  and  full  particulars  see 


SUTTON'S 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE, 


ALL  GOODS  CARRIAGE  FREE 


(If  of  203  value). 


SEEDSMEN   BY   ROYAL  WARRANTS 

To  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,    and 

H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


HYACINTHS,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 
— Mav  be  had  in  bloom  before  Christmas.  The  best 
pure  White  for  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

IRIS  KyEMPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent shades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  country,  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lover  of  flowers.  It  is  by  far  the 
largest  flower  nf  this  family,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  offer  well  established  English-grown 
Roots  ;  also  many  other  varieties  of  Iris. 

IXIA  CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 
This  is  about  the  mo>t  showy  of  this  useful  family 
of  Bulbs. 

T.XIA    VIRIDIFLORA— a   most   uncommon 

JL  colour     amongst     flowers  —  very     striking,     being 

a  decided  green  with  black  eye.  Also  many  other 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  family  which  only  requires  to  be 
more  widely  known  to  be  grown  as  largely  as  the 
Tulip  or  Hyacinth. 

L ILIUM  CANDIDUM  — the  Old  White 
Garden  Lily.  Fine  Bulbs  now  ready  for  Planting 
or  Forcing. 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS  —  in  great 
variety — Choice  and  Common. 

CILLA   SIBIRICA.  — This    charming  rich 

"ilue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop,  to 
hich  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  c 


s 


WHOLESALE     BULB     CATALOGUE 


W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  MsBcrlANTS, 

13,    EXETER    STREET,    STRAND,-  W.C 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


325 


BULBS,  &c., 

ALL    CARRIAGE    PAID. 


UNSOLICITED    Testimonial. 

Irom  J.  I  IV  V  M'lr^.   I'vi  .  StrMii,  Kent,   Stpt.  5,  1885. 
"  Dear  Sirs      li'.x  .incl  lomsnts  safe  on  the  4th  :  am 
nuich  pleased  with  the  fine  appearance  of  the  bulbs." 


NAMED   HYACINTHS 

(For  POTS  or  GLASSES). 
Wh.it  are  st»M  elsewhere  at  5^  ,  6d.,  Zd.,  and  lorf.  -.ve 
sell  at  id.,  4*/..  ^d.,  and  bd.     (See  our  CATALOGUE, 
gratis  and  post-free). 

The   following    Collections   comprise   only  specially 
pkked\>\i\\i%y  first  size,  andare  heavy,  plump,  and  sound. 
They  are  specially  adapted  either  for  exhibiting,  forc- 
ing, greenhouse,  conservatory,  or  window  culture. 
Col.  A..  100  in  33  splendid  nmd.  vars,  our  selection  £,'^  2s. 

{Other  houses  diarge  £,%  31.  and  iip^vards.) 
Col.  B. ,  50  in  25  or  17        ditto  ditto     . .    ^i  \s. 

{p:her  hotises  charge  £2  2s.  and  npyvards  ) 
Col.  C,  25  in  25  or  12         ditto  ditto     ..  10s.  6</. 

{() titer  houses  clutrge  £1  is.  ajid  njnvards) 
Col.  D.,  12  in  12  or  6         ditto  ditto     .,    5^.  3*7'. 

(Other  liouses  citargc  gs.  and  up^vards.) 
Col.  E.,  6  in  6  ditto  ditto     ..     25.  6</. 

{Other  houses  charge  4J.  6</.  ajid  iip^vards.') 


UNNAMED    HYACINTHS, 

Splendid  samples  for  bedding,   or  may  be  grown  in 
pots  if  names  are  of  no  consequence  and  perfection  of 
bloom  is  not  an  absolute  necessity. 
REDS,  splendid  shades  (crimson,  ruby, , 

scarlet,  rose,  &c.)      ..  .  •■'      c   rtr   r.   ,!« 

WHITES,  splendid  shades  (pure  white,  1^:-X/ v.     i: 

cream,  blush,  &c.) t^i'.^;?™ 

BLUES,      splendid      shades      (black,     ^^o^.  per  1000 

purple,  azure,  lavender,  &c.)         ..' 
A  1  colours  mixed  (in  these  are  above  beautiful  hue;.),  21. 

per  dozen,  13J.  61/.  per  100,  1205.  per  1000. 


TENBY    DAFFODIL. 

We  offer  the  iriic  type. 

This  possesses  one  of  the  most  perfect  flowers  of  the 
whole  family  ;  splendid  for  cutting,  and  should  certainly 
be  given  a  prommence  amongst  DafTodils. 

"  Undoubtedly  one  of  the  best  of  all,  on  aticount  of 
the  solidity  and  fine  shape  of  its  flowers,  and  their  rich 
yellow  hues." — Garden. 

We  offer  this  at  the  following  special  low  price  :'— 
\s.  ^d.  per  dozen.  95.  dd.  per  100,  8gi-.  per  1000. 


ANEMONE  FULGENS&PLENA 

We  are  in  a  position  to  offer  totally  different  sized 
roots  (of  both  v.Trieties)  to  those  generally  sold.  As 
well  known,  the  miserable  little  bits  of  roots  usually 
bought  fail  to  give  that  satisfaction  expected  from  the 
"glowing"  accounts  heard  of  this  wondrous  Anemone. 

Aware  of  this,  we  have  had  grown  specially  for  us,  in 
English  soil,  many  thousands  of  roots,  which  bv 
generous  treatment  and  unfailing  care  have  attained 
enormous  proportions  (when  wc  state  that  we  find  thero 
are  many  hundreds  of  roots  having  3  circumference  of 
oi'era  foot,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are  indeed  of  enor- 

Thesc  have  been  specially  inured,  into  the  changeable 
climatical  influences  of  these  I^-Ies,  and  cannot  fail  but 
produce  enormous  and  innumerable  quantities  of  bloom. 

Plant  a  bed  of  these,  and  see  if  it  is  not  found  to  te 
the  most  brilliant  sight  within  the  '.vlwh  garden. 

Magnificent  bulbs  only  offered  of  both  Single  and 
Double  flowers,  either  separate  or  mixed,  at  M.  each, 
55.  id.  per  dozen,  40J,  per  100. 


SOIL  LA 

SIBIRICA     1 

(Siberian  BluebeU  or  Sqolll).                 | 

Charming  sky-blue. 

Adapted    either    for    outdoor 

bedding    or  for    pots. 

Extra    fine    .samples,    specially 

picked  bulb';,  .-it  \s.  pcrd 

s/en,  7.1,  per  loo,  50s.  per  Kxt. . 

".BLUEBELLS"  (Scilla  nutans). 

We  have  had  a  large  q^uantity  picked  for  us,  and  can 
offer  fine  selected  bulbs  at  if.  -per  dozen,  6i'.  6^/.  per 


YELLOW  FLAG  (Iris  pseurio  acorus). 

Splendid  for  edges  of  streams,  unsightly  wet  places, 
where  nothing  else  can  be  made  to  grow.  Splendid 
strong  plants,  i,s.  fyd.  per  dozen,  30^.  per  100. 


N.B. — Before  ordering  anything  elsewhere  phase 
see  our  Illustrated  Autumn  CATALOGUE  of  FLO- 
RAL GEMS,  gratis  and  post-free  upon  application, 

VICCABS    COLLYEB.    &    CO., 

i:ri.l:   M !■  RCHANTS,  i^c  . 
CENTRAL    HALL.    LEICESTER  (where   all  letters 


iddn 


:d), 


Central  Nurseries,  GlenBeld,  near  Leicester. 
A.  W.   CREWS,  Manai;er. 


. PAUL  &  SON 

Respectfully  invite  ailention  to  the  following 
SPECIALTIES  :— 

PAUL'S-Bulbs-WALTHAM  CROSS. 


HYACINTHS,  for   Pou 
Glasses,  from  3J.  per  dozen. 

HYACINTHS,    for   Borders, 
from  141.  per  100. 

HYACINTHS.  Koman,  for  Early 
Forcing.      2S.  6t/.    per    dozen, 

TULIPS,  for  Pots,  from  <)d.  p.  doz. 
TULIPS,  for  Borders,  from  jj.  bd. 

POLYANTHUS     NARCISSUS. 

from  2S.  per  dozen. 
CROCUS,  from  u.  dd.  per  100. 
SNOWDROPS,       Double       and 
1  '  '  Single,  21.  bd.  per  too. 

Border  NAKClSSI  JONQUILS.  ANEMONES,  RA- 
NUNCULU'>ES  I  ILIES,  GLADIOLI,  LILY  of  the 
VALLEY,  SPlR.tAS,  &c.,  cheap  and  good.     See  Catalogue. 

PAUL'S-Roses-WALTHAM    CROSS. 

STANDABDS.  from  15s.  per  doz. 

DWARF     STANDARDS,     from 

DWARFS,  fron,  6s.  per  dozen. 
CLIMBING,  from  61.  per  dozen. 
FORCING,    in    Pots,     from    21J. 

NEW    VARIETIES,     from    2ts. 

SPECIMENS,  from  5s-  each 

The  "  Rose  Garden."  by  Wm. 
PAtiL,  F.L.S.,  8th  edition,  with 
plates,  2IJ.  :  the  same  without 
plates,  ics.  id.  The  "Rose  Annual" 
with  plates,  6  parts,  4s.  each 
"  Roses  in  Pots."  5th  coition.  2s. 
"  Roses  and  Rose  Culture,"  li. 

PAUL'S-Camellias-WALTHAIVl  GROSS, 


The  Largest 

GOOD   PLANTS,    from   21J.  pei 

dozen. 
SPECIMENS,    from    t   to  30  gs, 


AZALEAS,  Winter  •  blooming 
HEATHS.  EPACRISES.  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  LA- 
PAGERIAS.  and  other  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 


PAUL'S-Trees-WALTHAM    CROSS. 


'■i^. 


PLANES,  LIMES,  and 
other  AVENUEand 
.    PARK  TREES,  from  I 
WEEPING  TREES    ,,    i 
FLOWERING 

SHRUBS  ..     ..3 

EVERGREEN       ..     „    2 
PICTORIAL  TREES  „   i 
k  H  O  D  O  D  E  N  - 
DRONS,    Seed- 


of  the  first 
quality,  and  low  in  price. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS  for 
autumn  sowing  :  PEAS.  BEANS, 
CABBAGE,  CAULIFLOWER, 
CARROT.  CRESS.  CUCUM- 
BKR.  LETTUCE.  MUSTARD. 
ONKJN.  RADISH,  SPINACH, 
TURNIP.  &c. 

FLOWER  SEEDS, 
autumn  sowing.  CINERARIA, 
CALCEOLARIA,  PRIMULA, 
CYCLAMEN.  BALSAM. 
ASTERS,  i-lc.  ;  the  finest  Florists' 


sale 


MUSHRlliiM  .>•  PAWN,  5i.  per  bushel.  MATS. KNIVES, 
GLOVES,  'lutJLS,  and  eveiy  Garden  Requisite. 

GLADIOLUS  BRENCHLEYENSIS,  fine,  5s  per  103. 
IS  3J.  per  dozen. 

PAUL'S-FruitTrees-WALTHAM  CROSS 


'•tandard-trained.  -js.  bd.  each. 
\lKlLOTS.      PEACHES,      and 
NECTARINES.     Dwarf- 
trained,  fiom  421  per  drz. 
s  andard  trained. 101.  frt' each. 
CRAPE  VINES.  2-1-  6a.  to  r  s.  6rf. 
HGS    2t.  id.  t0  3S.  id.  each.  [each. 
RASPBERRIES,  from  12s.  6,/,  per 

STRAWBERRIES,  from  21.   6,/ 

FILBERTS,  from  61.  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  from  3s  per  dozer. 

Goods  Packed  for  all  parts  of  the  World- 

43-  Full  I'cmipthehttd  Priced  CATALOGUES  : 
forwarded.    tost-Jree.  on  afflkalim 
Prices  inhere  large  quantttia  are  reg 


al  and  Re. 


WALTHAM     CROSS,     N. 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    12,    1S85. 


MR.    FENN    AT    HOME. 

AWAY  at  Sulhampstead,  and  perched  on 
the  hillside  overlooking  the  pretty  valley 
through  which  the  Kennet  flows  from  Newbury 
way  towards  Reading  and  the  Thames,  Mr. 
Robert  Fenn  reigns  over  a  wider  domain  than 
was  known  to  his  former  visitors  within  the 
walls  of  the  oW  Woodstock  Rectory.  There, 
very  often  mistaken  for  the  Rector  himself  by 
strangers,  now  almost  .a  Rector  in  reality — for 
being  one  of  the  three  or  four  freeholdfirs  of  his 
parish,  and  one  of  the  most  active  and  useful 
of  its  inh.abitants,  he  has  assumed  the  respon- 
sible duties  of  overseer,  highway  surveyor,  and 
even  of  churchwarden  ;  so  that  the  energy 
which  rendered  him  so  famous  in  certain 
spheres  of  garden  life  has  also  lifted  him  into  a 
niche  in  that  Temple  of  Fame  wherein  the 
services  of  energetic  and  conscientious  officials 
of  the  body  parochial  are  duly  recorded. 

But  these  same  energies  are  not  all  exhausted 
in  the  occupation  of  parochial  offices,  for  there 
seems  no  limit  to  the  agricultural  or  horticul- 
tural enterprises  into  which  Mr.  Fenn  embarks 
— so  far,  at  least,  as  the  area  of  his  small  farm 
and  its  resources  will  permit.  Agriculturally 
the  visitor  is  charmed  with  the  plethoric  horses 
which  draw  the  wains,  plough  the  soil,  and 
otherwise  assist  to  convert  Mother  Earth  into  a 
gold  mine,  if  not  a  too  productive  one.  There 
are  some  handsome  Alderney  cows,  free  of  milk 
and  butter,  of  which  not  a  whit  too  much  is 
found  to  satisfy  the  cravings  of  consumers, 
figs  galore— and  splendid  pigs,  too — almost, 
enough  to  make  'overs  of  rashers  long  for  a 
slice  from  the  living  hog.  .  Mr.  Fenn  is  a 
great  believer  in  the  efficacy  of  Potatos 
to  create  pig  meat,  and  certamly  the  fine 
litter  of  porkers  in  their  ample  run  speaks 
volumes  for  the  belief,  for  are  they  not  well 
cultured  on  Solanum  tuberosum  .'  Every  pig 
is  killed  at  home,  and  being  coverted  into  good 
wholesome  Berkshire  bacon,  is  almost  entirely 
sold  in  small  quantities  to  the  neighbours, 
such  is  the  love  for  this  comestible  which 
pervades  the  hard-working  fraternity  of  that 
rural  locality.  Certainly,  if  there  be  merit  in 
good  pigs,  Mr.  Fenn  is  to  be  congratulated,  not 
only  on  the  excellence  of  his  breed,  but  also  on 
thecapiialappeaiancethestoiik  presents.  Fowls, 
too,  run  about  the  farmyard  and  grass  or- 
chard, and  give  their  eggs  daily  i"  considerable 
abundance,  forming  for  the  housewife  a  con- 
stant source  of  income.  These  poultry  are  nf 
a  cross-bred  strain,  half  Dorking,  half  Brahma, 
and  turn  out  for  table  juicy  fleshy  bodies  tif 
perfect  whiteness,  as  a  Well  cooked  sample 
showed.  A  few  ducks  luxuriate  in  a  meadow 
pond,  but  these  are  created  from  eggs  in  the 
spring  for  autumn  killing  only,  and  are  not 
permanent  part  of  the  live  stock. 

Mr.  Fenn  has  I'esuscitated  his  bee  stocks,  for  • 
as  a  bee-master  he  had  a  reputation  when  some 
now  classed  as  experts -were  in  their'  long- 
clothes.  One  of  these,  doubtless,  useful  per- 
sonages called  upon  the  old  Woodstock  bee- 
master  not  so   long  since,  and  began   to  expa- 


■^26 


THE     C.ARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


I^SEPTEMBKR    12,    1885. 


tiate  upon  proper  apiarian  nielliods.  The 
greybeard  quickly  proiUiccil  from  his  literary 
store  some  numbers  of  the  Cottiii^c  Gardener  of 
nearly  forty  years  since,  and  showing  how 
ancient  was  his  kiiovvledt;e  of  the  subject,  ]nit 
the  expert  to  flii;h'.  Now  the  old  hives  of  his 
own  and  others'  design,  once  so  useful  in  the 
old  Woodstock  garden,  where  we  have  often 
gazed  out  upon  the  Blenheim  domain,  have 
been  refurbished  and  brought  into  renewed 
activity.  A  dozen  or  so,  some  as  big  as 
washing-tubs,  are  full  of  line  stocks,  three  of 
which  are  producing  honey,  and  in  that 
direction  adding  sweetness  to  the  life  of 
the  toiler  in  a  double  sense,  for  some  will 
be  converted  into  current  coin.  Out  in  the 
meadows  may  be  seen  a  noble  haystack,  chiefly 
of  Clover,  for  the  cattle  have  needed  the  pas- 
turage, and  this  stack  presents  no  mean  or 
valueless  item  in  the  year's  production.  The 
Clover  leys  have  given  two  good  swaths,  and 
now  only  need-  moisture  to  enable  them  to 
throw  up  a  rich  supply  of  herbage  for  the 
autumn  production  of  milk. 

On  the  ar.-il)le  land  out  on  the  brow  of  the  hill— for 
the  lay  of  the  13  acres  within  the  faim  boundaries  is 
varied,  and  considerably  undulated — may  be  seen 
growing  a  piece  of  Mangel  of  some  rich  golden  and 
exceedingly  handsome  strain,  to  which  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Sons  are  looking  to  give  them  seed  next  year. 
We  have  seen  Potatos  so  handsome  as  to  be  mis- 
taken for  wax  models.  Wurzels  seem  to  be  becoming 
as  ajsthetic,  for  these  growing  at  Sulhampstead  are 
as  smooth  as  mahogany,  and  as  handsome  as  can  be  ; 
then  there  is  a  big  piece  of  ripening  IJroad  Windsor 
lieans  for  seed  j  also  an  extensive  breadth  of  the  Cana- 
ifian  Wonder  licaii,  lietwccn  the  rows  ol  which  may  be 
seen  peeping  up  lines  o(  while  Turnips,  to  follow  in 
quick  succession,  dwarf  Peas,  and  specially  (Mr. 
Fenn  aflirms  by  his  excellent  namesake)  Robert  Fenn. 
Marrows  are  being  harvested,  whilst  a  big  breadth  of 
Potatos  of  many  kinds,  and  chielly  of  the  Woodstock 
seed,  are  being  gr.adually  got  up,  for  the  drought  has 
ripened  these  oil  early.  There  are  large  quantities  of 
Alderman  Dc  Kcyser;  a  line  while  kidnery;  An- 
tagonist, and  others,  old  and  new  ;  specially  taking  is 
a  white  kidney  named  Failh,  which  got  very  high  men- 
tion at  Chiswick  the  oiher  di'V-  With  the  faith 
which  becomes  a  prophet,  and  he  cour.ige  of  an  old 
soldier  in  literary,  and  cspecia'  y  in  Potato,  warfare, 
Mr.  F'enn  contends,  first,  thi'  whilst  many  of  the 
beautilul  kinds  he  has  raised  have  been  put  aside  foe 
•larger  or  bigger  cropping  kin  I',  yet 'not  a  monarch 
in  the  world — not  a  nolileman  or  gentleman  in  the 
kingdom,  with  all  the  wealth  and  line  gardens  at  their 
disposal— ever  dines  olT  better  Potatos  than  he  does  ; 
or  perhaps,  as  a  rule,  half  so  good.  Sulhampstead 
soil  produces  tine  quality  usually  in  Potatos,  but 
always  the  finest  quality  in  thp  first-class  eating  kinds 
which  Mr.  Fenn  has  from  time  to  time  put  into  the 
market  or  the  seed  trade.  Rector  of  Woodstock, 
Woodstock  Kidney,  EarlyJRcgcnt,  Lady  Truscott, 
Priietaker,  Reading  Russet,  ICarly  Market,  King- 
leader — these  are  but  a  few  of  this  raiser's  productions, 
and  stocks  of  all  which  are  duly  preserved,  so  that 
samples  in  great  variety  may  be'partnken  of  from  day 
to  day,  and  thus  maintain  a  perfect  feast  of  Potatos  all 
the  year  round.  After  all  Mr.  Fenn  is  quite  content  to 
rest  his  reputation  as  a  raiser  of  Potatos  upon  what 
he  has  given  to  the  world,  and  whilst  it  is  possible 
for  others  to  produce  liigger  sorls  none  can  excel  in 
the  production  of  such  excellent  quality.  Though 
almost  determined  to  leave  the  li'eld  to  younger  men, 
yet  the  old  fire  has  been  potent  enough  to  create  in 
him  an  inlercit  in  some  of  the  species,  and  a 
successful  cross,  it  is  anticipated,  has  been  made 
with  Solanum  majlia  and  the  white  kidney  Anta- 
gonist, for  there  are  pendent  a  couple  of  tine 
berries,  which  will  probably  prove  the  progenitors 
of  something  interesting.  .S.  m.aglia,  as  grown 
under  glass  in  a  small  tub,  is  some  4  feet  fn 
height,  with  stems  and  foliage  like  to  those  of  any 
ordinary  Potato,  and  it  rather  sets  alloat  doubts 
as  to  whether  it  is  not,  after  all,  one  of  the  chief  pro- 
genitors of  our  present  race  ol  Potatos.  .Very  diverse 
is  the  other  species,  Solanum  F'endleri,  which  is 
dw.arf,  small-leaved,  fairly  still  and  erect,  and  appa- 
rently a  long  way  removed  from  the  garden  Potato. 
Mr.  Fenn  has  succeeded  in  crossing  this  with  Reading 
Russet   Potato  and  a  couple  of  small  speckled  berries 


have  been  produced,  but  it  will  need  very  much  failh 
in  this  species  to  believe  that  anything  good  can 
result. 

To  utilise  garden  fruits  to  his  fancy,  alter  the  need- 
ful stock  of  preserve  has  been  made,  fallen  Apples  are 
being  breweil  into  cider.  Pears  into  perry,  and  bush 
fruit  made  into  wine.  Very  interesting  still  arc  the 
lepresentativc  bottles  of  the  'old  Woodstock  brews 
which  Mr.  F'enn  exhibited  in  London,  Manchester, 
liirmingham,  and  elsewhere  years  ago,  and  which 
('l)tained  medals  and  honourable  mention.  A  bottle  of 
Rhubarb  wine  made  forty-two  years  ago  is  pronounced 
by  competent  judges  to  be  equal  to  the  best  Madeira  ; 
whilst  of  other  samples  ar«  Esperione,  Muscadine,  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes  wine  some  thirty  to 
twenty  years  of  age,  with  Gooseberry  wine,  honey- 
beer,  and  other  home-made  liquids  of  high-class 
quality. 


THE   BRITISH  ASSOCIATION. 

Sir  Lyon  Plavi'air's  address  at  Aberdeen  is  so 
full  of  instruction  and  suggestion  for  all  concerned  in 
progress,  mental  or  material,  that  we  greatly  regret 
our  inability  to  print  it  in  full,  the  more  so  as  the 
maimed  abstracts  in  most  of  the  daily  papers  give  a 
very  inadequate  idea  of  the  scope  and  practical  wis- 
dom of  the  a<klress.  Dr.  Playfair's  aim  is  to  empha- 
sise the  importance  of  scientific  training  if  Britain  is 
to  hold  its  own  in  the  great  race — pre-eminent  it  can 
scarcely  be  now  in  the  old  sense.  The  following  are 
a  few  extracts  from  this  remarkable  address  :^ 

Eni,argi£1)  Scientikic  Trainini;. 
Passing  from  learned  or  public  professions  to  com- 
merce, how  is  it  that  in  our  great  commercial  centres, 
foreigners — German,  Swiss,  Dutch,  and  even  Greeks — 
push  aside  our  English  youth  and  take  the  places  of 
profit  which  belong  to  them  by  national  inheritance  ? 
How  is  it  that  in  our  colonies,  like  those  in  South 
Africa,  tierman  enterprise  is  pushing  aside  F.nglish 
incapacity?  How  is  it  that  we  find  whole  branches 
of  manufactures,  when  they  depend  on  scientific 
knowledge,  passing  away  from  this  country,  in  which 
they  originated,  in  order  to  engraft  themselves 
abroad,  although  their  decaying  roots  remain  at 
home  ?  The  answer  to  these  questions  is  that  our 
systems  of  education  are  still  too  narrow  for  the  in- 
creasing struggle  of  life.  Faraday,  Who  had  no 
narrow  views  in  regard  to  education,  deplored  the 
future  of  our  youth  in  the  competition  of. the  world, 
because,  as  he  said  with  sadness,  "our  schoolboys, 
when  they  came  out  of- school,  are  ignorant  of  their 
ignorance  at  the  end  of  all  that  education."  The 
opponents  of  science  education  ^allege  that  it  is  not 
adapted  for  mental  development,  because  scientific 
facts  are  often  disjointed  and  exercise  only  the 
memory.  Those  who  argue  thus  do  not  know  what 
science  is.  No  doubt  an  ignorant  or  half-informed 
teacher  may  present  science  as  an  accumulation  of 
unconnected  lacts.  At  all  times  and  in  all  subjects 
there  are  teachers  without  xsthetical  or  philosophical 
cap.acity- men  who  can  only  see  carbonate  of  lime  in 
a  statue  by  Phidias  or  Praxiteles  ;  men  who  can 
look  at  trees  without  getting  a  conception  of  a  forest, 
and  cannot  distinguish  a  stately  edifice  from  its 
bricks.  It  is,  however,  true  that  as  science  teaching 
has  h.ad  less  lengthened  exi«rience  than  that  of  litera- 
ture, its  methods  of  instruction  are  not  so  matured. 
Scientific  and  literary  teaching  have  dilTercnt  methods; 
(or  while  the  teacher  ol  literature  rests  on  authority 
and  on  books  for  his  guidance,  the  teacher  of  science 
discards  authority  and  depends  on  facts  at  first 
hand,  an  I  on  the  book  of  Nature  for  their  interpre- 
tation. Natural  science  more  and  more  resolves 
itself  into  the  teaching  of  the  Uihoralory.  In  this 
way  it  can  be  used  as  a  powerful  means  of  quicken- 
ing observation,  and  of  creating  a  faculty  of  induction. 
In  England  manufacturers  cry  out  for  technical 
education,  in  which  classical  culture  shall  beexchided. 
In  the  schools  of  the  middle  classes  science  rather 
than  technics  is  needed,  because  when  the  seeds  of 
science  are  sown,  technics  as  its  fruit  will  appear  at 
the  appointed  time.  E'pictetus  w.as  wise  when  he 
told  us  to  observe  that  though  sheep  eat  grass,  it  is 
not  grass  but  wool  that  grows  on  their  backs.  Should, 
however,  our  grammar  schools  persist  in  their  refusal 
to  adapt  themselves  to  the  needs  of  a  scientific  age, 
England  must  follow  the  example  of  other  European 
nations,  and  found  new  modern  schools  in  competi- 
tiou  with  them.     For,  as  Huxley  has  put  it,  we  can- 


not continue  in  this  age  of  "  full  modern  artillery  to 
tiirn  out  our  boys'  to  do  battle  in  it,  equipped  only 
with  the  sword  and  shield  of  an  ancient  gladiator." 
In  a  scientific  and  keenly  competitive  age  an  exclu- 
sive education  in  the  dead  languages  is  a  perplexing 
anomaly.  The  Howers  of  literature  should  he  culti- 
vated and  gathered,  though  it  is  not  w  ise  to  send 
men  into  our  fields  of  industry  to  gather  the  harvest 
when  they  have  been  taught  only  to  cull  the  Poppies 
and  to  push  aside  the  Wheat. 

State  Endowment  oi-  Universities. 

The  State  has  always  felt  bound  to  alter  and  im- 
prove universities,  even  when  their  endowments  are 
60  large  as  to  render  it  unnecessary  to  support  them 
by  public  funtls.  When  universities  are  poor.  Par- 
liament gives  aid  to  them  from  Imperial  taxation.  In 
this  country  that  aid  has  been  given  with  a  very 
sparing  had.  Thus  the  universities  and  colleges  of 
Ireland  have  received  about  ^^30,000  annually,  and  the 
same  sum  has  been  granted  to  the  four  universities  of 
Scotland.  Compared  with  Imperial  aid  to  foreign 
universities  such  sums  are  small.  A  single  German 
university,  like  Strasburg  and  Leipsic,  receives 
above  ,^40,000  annually,  or  £\o,aQio  more  than  the 
whole  colleges  or  Ireland  or  of  Scotland.  Strasburg, 
(or  instance,  has  had  her  university  and  its  library 
rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  /^7 11,000,  and  recives  an  annual 
subscription  of /43,ooo.  In  rebuildingthe  University 
of  Strasburg  eight  laboratories  have  been  provided,  so 
as  to  equip  it  fully  with  the  modern  requirements  for 
leaching  and  research.  •  The  cost  of  these  labora- 
tories has  been  as  follows  :  —  Chemical  Institute, 
.435,000;  Physical  Institute,  /28,ooo ;  Botanical 
Institute,  ^26,000;  Observatory,  ^25,000;  Ana- 
'"■"y.  Z^42,ooo  ;  Clinical  Surgery,  J^id.aoa  ; 
Physiological  Chemistry,  /l6,ooo.  Physiological 
Institute,  ^13,000.  Prussia,  the  most  econo- 
micil  nation  in  the  world,  spends  ^391,000 
yearly  out  of  taxation  on  her  universities  The 
recent  action  of  France  is  still  more  remarkable- 
After  the  Franco-German  war  the  Institute  of  France 
<liscussed  the  important  ([uestion  —  '*  Pouiquoi  \\ 
France  n'a  pas  trouve  d'hommes  supcrieurs  au  mo- 
ment du  peril  ?  "  The  general  answer  was  because 
France  had  allowed  university  education  to  sink  to  a 
low  ebb.  Before  the  great  revolution  FVance  had 
twenty-three  autonomous  universities  in  the  pro- 
vinces. Napoleon  desired  to  found  one  great  uni- 
versity at  Paris,  and  he  crushed  out  the  others  with 
the  hand  of  a  despot,  and  remodelled  the  last  with 
the  instincts  of  a  drill-sergeant.  The  central  uni- 
versity sank  so  low  that  in  iSOS  it  is  said  that  only 
;^8ooo  were  spent  for  true  academic  purposes. 
Startled  by  the  intellectual  sterility  shown  in  the  war, 
France  has  made  gigantic  efforts  to  retrieve  her  posi- 
tion, and  has  rebuilt  the  provincial  colleges  at  a  cost 
of  ;^3, 280,000,  while  her  annual  budget  for  their 
support  now  reaches  half  a  million  of  pounds.  In  order 
to  open  these  provincial  colleges  to  the  best  talent  of 
France,  more  than  500  scholarships  have  been  founded 
at  an  annual  cost  of  ^30, 000.  France  now  recognises 
that  it  is  not  by  the  number  of  men  under  arms 
that  she  can  compete  with  her  great  neighbour,  Ger- 
many, so  she  has  determined  to  equal  her  in  intellect. ' 
Other  European  nations  are  advancing  on  the  same 
lines.  Switzerland  is  a  remarkable  illustration  of 
fiow  a  country  can  compensate  itself  for  its  natural 
disadvantages  by  a  scientific  education  of  its  people. ' 
Switzerland  contains  neither  coal  nor  the  ordinary 
raw  materials  of  industry,  and  is  separated  from  other 
countries  which  might  supply  them  by  mountain 
barriers.  \'et,  by  a  singularly  i^ood  system  of  graded 
schools,  and  by  the  great  technical  college  of  /^urich, 
she  has  become  a  prosperous  manufacturing  country. 
In  Great  Britain  we  have  nothing  comparable  to  this 
technical  college,  either  in  magnitude  or  efficiency. 
Belgium  is  reorganising  its  universities,  and  the  State 
has  freed  the  localites  from  the  charge  of  buildings, 
and  will  in  future  equip  the  universities  with  efficient 
teaching  resources  out  of  puldic  taxation.  Holland, 
with  a  population  of  4.000,000  and  a  small  revenue 
of.^9,000,000,  spends^i36,oooon  her  four  universities. 
Contrast  this  liberality  of  foreign  countries  in  the 
pronaotion  of  higher  instruction  with  the  action  of  our 
own  country.  Scotland,  like  Holland,  has  four  univer- 
sities, and  is  not  very  different  from  it  in  population, 
hut  it  only  receives  ^30,000  from  the  state. 
The  wealthy  universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  are 
gradually  constructing  laboratories  for  science.  The 
merchant  princes  of  Manchester  have  equipped  their 
new  Victoria   University   with   similar  laboratories. 


September  12,  1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


327 


i:  inburgh  and  Glasgow  Universities  have  also  done 
'  ,  partly  at  the  cost  of  Government  and  largely  by 
private  subscriptions.  The  poorer  universities  of 
Aberdeen  and  St.  Andrew.s  are  still  ineflicienlly  pro- 
vided with  the  modern  apvl'^""s  tor  leaching  science. 
London  has  one  small  (jovernment  college  and  two 
chartered  colleges,  but  is  wholly  destitute  of  a  teach- 
ing university.     It  would  excite  great  astonishment  at 

I  lie  Treasury  if  we  were  to  make  the  modest   request 

I I  at  the  great  metropolis,  with  a  population  of 
,000,000,  should  be  put  into  as  edicient  academical 

I  osition  as  the  town  ol  .Strasburg,  with  104,000  in- 
habitants, by  receiving,  as  that  town  docs,  ^^43,000 
.innually  for  academic  instruction,  and  ^'700,000  for 
university  buildings.  .Still,  the  amazing  anomaly  that 
London  has  no  teaching  university  must  before  long 
cease.  It  is  a  comforting  fact  that,  in  spite  of  the  indif- 
ference of  Parliament,  the  large  towns  of  the  kingHoin 
are  showing  their  sense  of  the  need  of  higher  educa lion. 
All  these  are  healthy  signs  that  the  public  are  deter- 
mined to  have  advanced  science  tcacliing,  but  the 
resources  of  the  institutions  are  altogether  inadequate 
to  the  end  in  view.  Even  in  the  lew  cases  where  the 
laboratories  are  eflicient  for  teaching  purposes,  they 
areinellicient  as  laboratories  for  research.  Under  these 
circumstances  the  Royal  Commission  on  .Science  ad- 
vocates special  (iovernment  laboratories  for  research. 
.Such  laboratories,  supported  by  public  money,  are  as 
legitimate  subjects  for  expenditure  as  galleries  for 
pictures  or  sculpture.  Nevertheless  our  we.alth  is  pro- 
portionately much  greater  than  that  of  foreign  States 
which  are  competing  with  so  much  vigour  in  the  pro- 
motion of  higher  education.  They  deem  such  expen- 
diture to  be  true  economy,  and  do  not  allow  their  huge 
standing  armies  to  be  an  apology  for  keeping  their 
people  liackward  in  themarchof  knowledge.  Prepara- 
tions for  war  will  not  insure  to  us  the  blessings  and  se- 
curity of  an  enlightened  peace.  Protective  expenditure 
may  be  wise,  though  productive  expenditure  is  wiser. 

Universities  are  not  mere  storehouses  of  knowledge  ; 
they  are  also  conservatories  for  its  cultivation.  Pro- 
fessors in  a  university  have  a  higher  function,  because 
they  ought  to  make  new  h(mey  as  well  as  to  store  it. 
The  widening  of  the  bounds  of  knowledge,  literary  or 
scientific,  is  the  crowning  glory  of  university  life. 
Germany  unites  the  functions  of  teaching  and  research 
in  the  universities,  while  France  keeps  them  in 
separate  institutions.  The  former  system  is  best 
adapted  to  our  habits,  but  its  condition  for  success  is 
that  our  science  chairs  should  be  greatly  increased,  so 
that  teachers  should  not  be  entirely  aljsorbed  in  the 
duties  of  instruction,  (iermany  subdivides  the  sciences 
into  various  chairs,  and  gives  to  the  professors  special 
laboratories.  It  .also  makes  it  a  condition  for  the 
higher  honours  of  a  university  that  the  candidate  shall 
give  proofs  of  their  ability  to  make  original  re- 
searches. Our  universities  are  still  far  from  the 
attainment  of  a  proper  combination  of  their  resources 
between  teaching  and  researeh.  liven  Oxford 
and  Cambridge,  which  have  done  so  much  in 
recent  years  in  e(|uipment  of  laboratories  and  in 
adding  to  the  scientific  stall',  are  still  f.ir  behind 
a  second-class  German  university.  •  There  are 
too  few  autonomous  universities  in  Kngland  in 
proportion  to  its  popul.ition.  While  Scotland,  with 
a  population  of  3]  millions,  has  four  universities  with 
6500  students,  England,  with  26  millions  of  people, 
has  only  the  same  nundier  of  teaching  universities 
with  6,000  students.  Unless  English  colleges  have 
such  ambition,  they  may  be  turned  into  mere  mills  to 
grind  out  material  for  examinations  and  competitions. 
Higher  colleges  should  always  hold  before  their 
st"''ents  that  knowledge,  for  its  own  sake  is  the 
only  object  worthy  of  reverence.  Beyond  college 
life  .there  is  a  land  of  research  flowing  with  milk  and 
honey  for  those  who  know  how  to  cultivate  it. 

The  Application  ok  Scientific  Facts. 

Though  the  accumulation  of  facts  is  indispensable 
to  the  growth  of  science,  a  thousand  facts  arc 
of  less  value  to  human  progress  than  is  a  single 
one  when  it  is  scientifically  comprehended,  for  it 
then  becomes  generalised  in  all  similar  cases. 
Isolated  facts  may  be  viewed  as  the  dust  of  science. 
The  dust  which  floats  in  the  atmosphere  is  to  the 
common  observer  mere  incoherent  matter  in  a  wrong 
place,  while  to  the  man  of  science  it  is  all-important 
when  the  rays  of  heat  and  light  act  upon  its  lloaling 
particles.  It  is  by  them  that  clouds  and  rains  are 
influenced  ;  it  is  by  their  selective  influence  on  the 
solar  waves  that  the  blue  of  the  heavens  and  the 
beauteous  colours  of  the  sky  glorify  all  Nature.  So, 
also,  ascertained  through  isolated  facts,  forming  the 
dust  ol  science,  become  the  reflecting  media  of  the  . 
light  of  knowledge,  and  cause  all  Nature  to  assume 
a  new  aspect.  It  is  with  the  light  of  knowledge 
that  we  are  enabled  to  (|uestion  Nature  through 
direct  experiment.  The  hypothesis  or  theory  which 
induces  us  to  put  the  experimental  question  may 
be  right  or  wrong ;  still,  prudtns  ,;u,c!tio  dimi- 
dium  scicntiic  «/— it  is  half-way  to  knowledge  when 
you  know  what  you  have  to  inquire,    Davy  described 


hypothesis  ns  the  mere  scaffolding  of  science,  useful  to 
build  up  true  knowledge,  but  capable  of  being  put  up 
or  taken  down  at  pleasure.  Undoubtedly  a  theory  is- 
only  temporary,  and  the  reason  is,  as  Bacon  has  said, 
that  the  man  of  science  "  loveth  truth  more  than  his 
theory."  The  changing  theories  which  the  world  de- 
spises are  leaves  of  the  tree  of  science,  drawing  nutri- 
ment to  the  parent  stems,  and  enabling  it  to  put  forlh 
new  branches  and  to  produce  fruit ;  and  though  the 
leaves  (all  and  decay,  the  very  products  of  decay 
nourish  the  roots  of  the  tree  and  reappear  in  the  new 
leaves  or  theories  which  succeed.  When  th;  question- 
ing of  Nature  by  intelligent  experiment  has  raised  a 
system  of  science,  then  those  men  who  desire  to  apply 
it  to  industrial  inventions  proceed  by  the  sime 
methods  to  make  rapid  progress  in  the  arts.  They 
also  must  have  means  to  compel  Nature  to  reveal  her 
secrets.  f 

In  illustration  of  how  slowly  at  first  .and  how 
rapidly  afterwards  science  and  its  applications  arise, 
I  will  take  only  two  out  of  thousands  of  examples 
which  lie  ready  to  my  hand.  One  of  the  most 
familiar  instances  is  air,  for  that  surely  should 
have  been  s_oon  imdcrstood  if  man's  unaided  senses 
are  suflicient  for  knowledge.  Air  has  been  under  the 
notice  of  mankind  ever  since  the  first  man  drew  his 
first  breath.  It  meets  him  at  every  turn  ;  it  fans 
him  with  gentle  breezes,  and  it  buffets  him  with 
storms.  And  yet  it  is  certain  that  this  familiar 
object — air — is  very  imperfectly  understood  up  to  the 
present  time.  We  now  know  by  recent  researches 
that  air  can  be  liquified  by  pressure  and  cold  ;  but 
as  a  child  still  looks  upon  air  as  nothing,  so  did  man 
in  his  early  state  A  vessel  filled  with  air  was  deemed 
to  be  empty.  But  man,  as  soon  as  he  began  to 
speculate,  felt  the  importance  of  air,  and  deemed  it 
to  be  a  soul  ol  the  world  upon  which  the  respiration 
of  man  and  the  god-like  quality  of  fire  depended. 
Yet  a  really  intelligent  conception  of  these  two  essential 
conditions  to  man's  existence — respiration  and  com- 
bustion—was not  formed  till  about  a  century  ago  ( 1775). 
There  was  no  intelligent  conception  as  to  the  compo- 
sition of  air  until  Priestley  in  1774  repeated  with  the 
light  of  science,  an  empirical  observation  which  Kck 
de  Sulbach  had  m.ade  300  years  before  upon  the  union 
of  mercury  with  an  ingredient  of  air  and  the  decom- 
position of  this  com|)ound  by  heat.  This  experiment 
now  proved  that  the  active  element  in  rir  is  oxygen. 
From  that  date  our  knowledge,  derived  from  an  in- 
telligent questioning  of  air  ijy  direct  exjierimcnts, 
has  gone  on  by  leaps  and  bounds.  The  air,  which 
mainly  consists  of  nitrogen  and  oxygen,  is  now 
known  to  contain  carbonic  acid,  ammonia,  nitric 
acid,  ozone,  besides  hosts  of  living  organisms  which 
have  a  vast  influence  for  good  or  evil  in  the  economy 
of  the  world.  These  micro-organisms,  the  latest 
contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  air,  perform  great 
analytical  functions  in  organic  n.ature,  and  arc  the 
means  of  converting  much  of  its  potential  energy 
into  actual  energy.  Through  their  action  on  dead 
matter  the  mutual  dependence  of  plants  and  ani- 
mals is  secured,  so  that  the  air  becomes  at  once  the 
grave  of  organic  death  and  the  cr.adle  of  organic  life. 
The  consequences  of  the  progressive  discoveries  have 
added  largely  to  our  knowledge  of  life,  and  have  given 
a  marvellous  development  to  the  industrial  arts. 
Combustion  and  respiration  govern  a  wide  range  of 
processes.  The  economical  use  of  fuel,  the  growth 
of  plants,  the  food  of  animals,  the  processes  of 
husbandry,  the  maintenance  of  public  health,  the 
origin  and  cure  of  disease,  the  production  of  alcoholic 
drinks,  the  processes  of  making  vinegar  and  saltpetre 
all  these  and  many  other  kinds  of  knowledge  have 
been  brought  under  the  dominion  of  law.  No  doubt 
animals  respired,  fuel  burned,  plants  grew,  sugar  fer- 
mented, before  we  knew  how  they  depended  upon 
air.  But,  as  the  knowledge  was  empirical,  it  could 
not  be  intelligently  directed.  Now  all  these  processes 
are  ranged  in  order  under  a  wise  economy  ol  Nature, 
and  can  be  directed  to  the  utilities  of  life  ;  for  it  is 
is  true,  as  Swedcnborgsays,  that  human  "ends always 
ascend  as  Nature  descends."  There  is  scarcely  a 
large  industry  in  the  world  which  has  not  received  a 
mighty  impulse  by  the  better  knowledge  of  air 
acquired  within  a  hundred  years.  If  I  had  time  I 
could  show  still  more  strikingly  the  industrial  advan- 
tages which  have  followed  from  Cavendish's  disco- 
very of  the  composition  of  water.  I  wish  that  I 
could  have  done  this,  because  it  was  Addison  who 
foolishly  said,  and  I'aley  who  as  unwisely  approved 
the  remark,  "  that  mankind  required  to  know  no 
more  about  water  than  the  temperature  at  which  it 
froze  and  boiled,  and  the  mode  of  making  steam." 
When  we  examine  the  order  of  progress  in  the  arts, 
even  before  they  arc  illumined  by  science,  their  im- 
provements seem  to  be  the  resultants  of  thesg  condi- 
tions ; — I.  The  substitution  of  natural  forces  for  brute 
animal  power,  as  when  Hercules  used  the  waters  of 
the  Alpheus  to  cleanse  the  Augean  .stables  ;  or  when 
Kamchadel  of  Eastern  Asia,  who  has  been  three 
years  hollowing  out  a  canoe,  finds  that  he  can  do  it 
in  a  few  hours  by  fire.  2.  The  economy  of  time,  as  when 
a  calendering  machine  produces  the  same  gloss  to 
miles  of  calico  that  an  Arican  savage  gives  to  a  few 
inches  by  rubbing  it  with  the  shell  of  a  snail ;  or  the 


economy  of  production,  as  when  steel  pens,  sold 
when  first  introduced  at  one  shilling  apiece,  are  now 
sold  at  a  penny  per  dozen  ;  or  when  steel  rails,  lately 
costing  /,'45  per  ton,  can  now  be  sold  at  jQ^. 
3.  Methods  of  utilising  waste  products,  or  of  en- 
dowing them  with  properties  which  render  them  of 
increased  v.ilue  to  industry,  as  when  waste  scrap 
iron  and  the  galls  on  the  oak  are  converted  into 
ink  ;  or  the  b.adly-smelling  waste  of  gasworks 
is  transformed  into  fragrant  essences,-  brilliant 
dyes,  and  fertilising  manure  ;  or  when  the  elTete 
nix'ter  of  animals  or  old  bones  is  changed  into  lucifer- 
matches.  All  three  results  are  often  combined  when 
a  single  end  is  obtained — at  all  events,  economy  of 
time  and  production  invariably  follows  when  natural 
forces  substitute  brute  animal  force.  In  industrial 
■progress  the  sweat  of  the  brow  is  lessened  by  the  con- 
ceptions of  the  brain.  Slaves  are  mere  machines,  and 
machines  neither  invent  nor  discover.  The  bondmen 
of  the  Jews,  the  helots  of  Sparta,  the  captive  slaves  of 
Rome,  the  serfs  of  Europe,  and  uneducated  labourers 
of  the  present  day,  who  are  the  slaves' of  ignorance, 
have  added  nothing  to  human  progress.  But  as 
n.atural  forces  substitute  and  become  cheaper  than 
slave  labour,  liberty  follows,  advancing  civilisation. 
Machines  require  educated  superintendence.  One 
shoe  factory  in  Boston  by  its  machines  does  the  work 
of  30,000  shoemakers  in  Paris,  who  have  still  to  go 
through  the  weary  drudgery  of  mechanical  labour. 
The  steam  power  of  the  world,  during  the  last  twenty 
years,  has  risen  from  II J  million  to  29  million  horse- 
power, or  152  per  cent.  Let  me  t.ake  a  single  example 
of  how  even  a  petty  manufacture  improved  by  the 
teachings  of  science  affects  the  comforts  and  enlarges 
the  resources  of  mankind.  -When  I  was  a  boy  the  only 
way  of  obtaining  a  light  was  by  the  tinder-box,  with  its 
(juadruple materials,  llinland  steel, burntragsortinder, 
and  a  sulphur  match.  If  everything  went  well, if  the  box  ' 
could  be  found  and  the  air  w.as  dry,  a  light  could  be  ob- 
tained in  two  minutes  ;  but  very  often  the  time  occu- 
pied was  much  longer,  and  the  process  became  a  great 
trial  to  the  serenity  of  temper.  The  consecpience  of 
this  was  that  a  fire  or  a  Inirning  lamp  was  kept  alight 
through  the  day.  Old  Gerard,  in  his  Hciinil,  tells  us 
how  certain  fungi  were  used  to  carry  fire  from  one 
part  of  the  country  to  the  other.  The  tinder-box 
long  held  its  position  as  a  great  discovery  in  the  arts. 
Time  had  to  elapse  before  chemical  analysis  showed 
the  kind  of  bodies  which  could  be  added  to  phos- 
phorus so  as  to  make  it  ignite  readily.  So  it  was  not 
till  1S33  that  matches  became  a  partial  success.  In- 
tolerably bad  they  were  then,  dangerously  inflam- 
mable, horribly  poisonous  to  the  makers,  and  injuri- 
ous to  the  lungs  of  the  consumers.  It  required 
another  discovery  by  Schnitter  in  1845  to  change 
poisonous  waxy  into  innocuous  red-brick  phosphorous 
in  order  that  these  defects  might  be  remedied, 
and  to  give  us  the  safety-match  of  the  present  day. 
Now  what  have  thes'e  successive  discoveries  in 
science  done  for  the  nation,  in  this  single  manu- 
facture, by  an  economy  of  timej'  If  before  1833 
we  had  made  the  same  demands  for  light  that  we  do 
now,  when  we  daily  consume  eight  matches  per 
head  of  the  population,  the  tinder-box  could  have 
supplied  the  demand  under  the  most  favourable  con- 
ditions by  an  expenditure  of  one  quarter  of  an 
hour.  The  lucifer  match  supplies  a  light  in  fifteen 
seconds  on  each  occasion,  or  in  two  minutes  for  the 
whole  day.  Putting  these  differences  into  a  year, 
the  venerable  ancient  who  still  sticks  to  his  tinder-box 
would  require  to  spend  ninety  hours  yearly  in  the 
production  of  light,  while  the  user  of  lucifer  matches 
spends  twelve  hours ;  so  that  the  latter  haj  an 
economy  of  seventy-eight  hours  yearly,  or  about  ten 
.working  days.  Measured  by  cost  of  production  at 
I.V.  6(/.  daily,  the  economy  of  time  represented  in 
money  to  our  population  is  /'25,ooo,ooo  annually. 
This  is  a  curious  instance  of  the  manner  in  which 
science  leads  to  economy  of  time  and  wealth  even  in 
a  small  manufacture.  In  larger  industries  the  economy 
of  time  and  labour  produced  by  the  application  of 
scientific  discoveries  is  beyond  all  measurement. 
Thus  the  discovery  of  latent  heat  by  Black  led  to 
the  inventions  of  Watt,  while  that  of  the  mechanical 
equivalent  of  heat  by  jnide  has  been  the  basis  of 
the  progressive  improvements  in  the  steam  engine 
which  enables  power  to  bp  obtained  by  a  con- 
sumption of  fuel  less  than  one-fourth  the  amount 
used  twenty  years  ago.  It  may  be  that  the  engines 
of  Watt  and  Stephenson  will  yield  in  their  turn  to 
more  economical  motors ;  still  they  have  already 
expanded  the  wealth,  resources,  and  even  the  terri- 
tories of  England  more  than.all  the  battles  fought  by 
her  soldiers  or  all  the  treaties  negotiated  by 'her 
diplomatists.  .The  coal  which  has  hitherto  been  the 
chief  source  of  power  probably  represents  the  product 
of  five  or  six  million  years  during  which  the  sun 
shone  upon  the  plants  of  the  cirboniferous  period, 
and  stored  up  its  energy  in  this  convenient  form. 
But  we  are  using  this  conserved  force  wastefully  and 
prodigally  ;  for,  althongh  horse-power  in  steam 
engines  has  so  largely  increased  since  1864,  two  men 
only  now  produce  what  three  men  did  at  that  date. 
It  is  only  300  years  since  we  became  a  manufacturing 
country. 


328 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  18 


Results  Due  to  Neglect  of  Science. 
According  to  Professor  Dewar,  in  less  than  200 
years  more  the  coal  of  this  country  will  be  ftholly 
exhausted,  and  in  hal(  that  lime  will  be  difficult  to 
procure.  Our  not  very  distant  descendants  will  have 
to  face  the  problem — What  will  be  the  condition  of 
England  without  coal  ?  The  answer  to  that  question 
depends  upon  the  inteUectual  development  of  the  na- 
tional thattime.  Fewwouldask  now,  as  was  constantly 
done  a  few  years  ago,  "What  is  the  use  of  an  abstract 
discovery  in  science  ? "  Faraday  once  answered 
ihis  question  by  another,  "  What  is  the  use  of  a 
baby  ? "  \'et  round  that  baby  centre  all  the  hopes 
and  sentiments  of  its  parents,  and  even  the  interests 
of  the  State,-  which  interferes  with  its  upbringing  so 
as  to  insure  it  being  a  capable  citizen.  The  pro- 
cesses of  mind  which  produce  a  discovery  or  an  in- 
vention are  rarely  associated  in  the  same  person,  for 
while  the  discoverer  seeks  to  explain  causes  and  the 
relation  of  phenomena,  the  inventor  aims  at  producing 
new  eflfecls,  or  at  least  of  obtaining  them  in  a  novel 
and  efficient  way.  In  this  the  inventor  may,  some- 
times succeed  without  much  knowledge  of  science, 
though  his  labours  are  infinitely  more  productive  when 
he  understands  the  causes  of  the  elTects  which  he 
desires  to  produce.  A  nation  in  its  industrial 
progress,  when  the  competition  of  the  world  is  keen, 
cannot  stand  stiH,  Three  conditions  only  are  possible 
for  it.  It  may  go  forward,  retrograde,  or  perish.  Its 
extinction  as  a  great  nation  follows  its  neglect  of 
higher  education,  for,  as  described  in  the  Proverbs  of 
Solomon,  "  They  that  hate  instruction  love  death," 
In  sociology,  as  in  biology,  there  are  three  states — the 
first  of  balance,  when  things  ^row  neither  better  nor 
worse  ;  the  second,  that  of  elaboration  or  evolution, 
as  we  see  it  when  animals  adapt  themselves  to  their 
environments  ;  and  third,  that  of  degeneration,  when 
they  rapidly  lose  the  ground  they  have  made.  For  a 
nation  a  state  of  balance  is  only  possible  in  the  early 
stage  of  its  existence,  but  it  is  impossible  when  its 
environments  are  constantly  changing.  The  pos- 
session of  the  raw  materials  of  industry  and  the 
existence  of  a  surplus  population  are  important 
factors  for  the  growth  of  manufactures  in  the  early 
history  of  a  nation,  but  afterwards  they  are  bound 
up  with  another  factor — the  application  of  intellect 
to  their  development. 

Results  Due  to  Science. 
Science  has  in  the  last  hundred  years  altered  altoge- 
ther the  old  conditions  of  industrial  competition.  She 
has  taught  the  rigid  metals  to  convey  and  record  our 
thoughts  even  to  the  most  distant  lands,  and,  within 
lese  limits,  to  reproduce  our  speech.  This  marvel- 
lous application  of  electricity  has  diminished  the  cares 
and  responsibilities  of  Governments,  while  it  has  at 
the  same  time  altered  the  whole  practice  of  commerce. 
To  England  steam  and  electricity  have  been  of  in- 
calculable advantage.  The  ocean,  which  once  made 
the  country  insular  and  isolated,  is  now  the  very 
lifeblood  of  England,  and  of  the  greater  England 
beyond  the  seas.  As  in  the  human  body  the  blood 
bathes  all  its  parts,  and  through  its  travelling  cor- 
puscles carries  force  to  all  its  members,  so  in  the  body 
politic  of  ICngladd  and  its  pelagic  extensions,  steam 
has  become  the  circulatoty  and  electricity  the  nervous 
■  system.  The  colonies,  being  young  countries,  value 
their  raw  materials  as  their  chief  sources  of  wealth. 
When  they  become  older  they  will  discover  it  is  not  in 
these,  but  in  the  culture  of  scientific  intellect,  that  their 
future  prosperity  depends.  Older  nations  recognise 
this  as  the  law  of  progress  more  than  we  do  ;  or,  as 
Jules  Simon  tersely  puts  it — "That  nation  which 
most,  educates  her  people  will  become  the  greatest 
nation,  if  hot  to-day,  certainly  to-morrow."  Higher 
education  is  the  condition  of  higher  prosperity,  and 
the  nation  which  neglects  to  develope  the  intellectual 
factor  of  production  must  degenerate,  for  it  cannot 
.stand  still.  The  true  cultivators  of  the  tree  of  science 
must  seek  their  own  reward  by  seeing  it  flourish,  and 
let  others  devote  their  attention  to  the  possible  prac- 
tical advantages  which  may  result  from  their  labours. 
There  is,  however,  one  intimate  connection  between 
science  and  industry  which  I  hope  will  be  more  inti- 
mate as  scientitic  education  becomes  more  prevalent 
in  our  schools  and  universities.  Abstract  science 
depends  on  the  support  of  men  of  leisure,  either  them- 
selves possessing  or  having  provided  for  them  the 
means  of  living  without  entering  into  the  pursuits  of 
active  indOstry.  The  pursuit  of  science  requires 
a  superfluity  of  wealth  in  a  community  beyond 
the  needs  of  ordinary  life.  Such  superfluity 
is  also  necessary  for  Art,  though  a  picture  or 
a  statue  is  a  saleable  commodity,  while  an  abstract 
discovery  in  science  has  no  immediate  or,  as 
regards  the  discoverer,  proximate  commercial  value. 
My  argument  is  that  no  amount  of  learniug  without 
science  sul'hces  in  the  present  state  of  the  world  to 
put  us  in  a  position  which  will  enable  England  to 
keep  ahead  or  even  on  a  level  with  foreign  nations  as 
regards  knowledge  and  its  applications  to  the  utilities 
of  life.  Take  the  example  of  any  man  of  learning, 
and  see  how  soon  the  direct  consequences  resulting 
from  it  disappear  in  the  life  of  a  nation,  while  the 
discoveries   of  a   man    of  science  remain  productive 


amid  all  the  shocks  of  empire.  As  I  am  in  Aberdeen 
I  remember  that  the  learned  Dutchman  Erasmus  was 
introduced  to  England  by  the  encouragement  which 
he  received  from  Hector  Boece,  the  Principal  of 
King's  College  in  this  University.  Yet  even  in  the 
case  of  Erasmus — who  taught  Greek  at  Cambridge, 
and  did  so  much  for  the  revival  of  classical  literature, 
as  well  as  in  the  promotion  of  spiritual  freedom — how 
little  has  civilisation  to  ascribe  to  him  in  comparison 
with  the  discoveries  of  two  other  other  Cambridge 
m'^n — Newton  and  Civendish.  The  discoveries  of 
Newton  will  influence  the  destinies  of  mankind  to  the 
end  of  the  woild.  When  he  established  the  laws  by 
which  the  motions  of  the  great  masses  of  matter  in 
the  universe  are  governed,  he  conferred  an  incal- 
cnlpable  benefit  upon  the  intellectual  development  of 
the  human  race. 

Newton's  discovery  cast  men's  minds  into  an  en- 
tirely new  mould,  and  levelled  many  barriers  to 
human  progress.  This  intellectual  result  was  vastly 
more  important  than  the  practical  advantages  of  the 
discovery.  It  is  true  that  navigation  and  commerce 
mightily  benefited  by  our  better  knowledge  of  the 
motions  of  the  heavenly  bodies.  Still,  these  benefits 
to  humanity  are  incomparably  less  in  the  history  of 
progress  than  the  expansion  of  the  human  intellect 
which  followed  the  withdrawal  of  the  cramps  that 
confined  it.  Truth  was  now  able  to  discard  authority, 
and  marched  forward  without  hindrance.  Before  this 
point  was  reached  Bruno  had  been  burned,  Galileo 
had  abjuied,  and  both  Copernicus  and  Descartes  had 
kept  back  their  writings  for  fear  of  offending  the 
Church.  The  recent  acceptance  of  evolution  in 
biology  has  had  a  like  efiect  in  producing  a  far 
profounder  intellectual  change  in  human  thought 
than  ,any  mere  impulse  of  industrial  development. 
Already  its  application  to  sociology  and  educa- 
tion is  recogni/ed,  but  that  it  is  of  less  import  to 
human  progress  than  the  broadening  of  our  views  of 
Nature.  Abstract  discovery  in  science  is  then  the 
true  foundation  upon  which  the  superstructure  of 
modern  civilisation  is  built ;  and  the  man  who  would 
take  part  in  it  should  study  science,  and,  if  he  can, 
advance  it  for  its  own  sake,  and  not  for  its  applica- 
tions. Ignorante  may  walk  in  the  path  lighted  -by 
advancing  knowledge,  but  she  is  unable  to  follow 
when  science  passes  her,  for,  like  the  foolish  virgin, 
she  has  no  oil  in  her  lamp.  An  established  truth  in 
science  is  like  the  constitution  of  an  atom  in  matter — 
something  so  fixed  in  the  order  of  things  that  it  has 
become  independent  of  further  dangers  in  the  struggle 
for  existence.  The  sum  of  such  truths  forms  the  in- 
tellectual treasure  which  descends  to  each  generation 
in  hereditary  succession.  Though  the  discoverer  of  a 
new  truth  is  a  benefactor  to  humanity,  he  can  give 
little  to  futurity  in  comparison  with  the  wealth  of 
knowledge  which  he  inherited  from  the  past.  We, 
in  our  generation,  should  appreciate  and  use  our 
great  possessions — ■ 

"  for  mo  your  tributary  stores  combine, 
Creation's  heir  ;  the  world,  the  world  is  mine." 


K/EMPFERIA   ORNATA. 

This  is  a  Bornean  inlroduction  of  the  Compagnie 
Continentale  of  Ghent,  and  figured  at  t.  537  of  the 
Jllustraiion  Horticok.  The  plant  has  long-stalked, 
lanceolate  leaves,  bright  green  above,  with  a  central 
band  of  white.  The  lower  surface  is  wine-purpte, 
and  the  margin  somewhat  undulate.  It  is  a  hand- 
some stove  foliage  plant,  the  general  habit  of  which  is 
shown  in  our  illustration  (fig.  69),  which  we  owe  to 
the  courtesy  of  the  Compagnie  Continentale. 


SEED    RAISING. 

Concluded  from  p.  29S.) 

Vitality  of  Seeds. 
With  very  few  exceptions  all  teeds  retain  their 
germinating  power  for  at  least  a  year  under 
ordinary  conditions  ;  and,  when  placed  in  circum- 
stances specially  favourable,  they  remain  fresh  for 
A  very  lengthened  period.  Several  remarkable 
instances  of  this  have  already  been  mentioned,  but 
cases  even  more  remarkable  than  these  are  re- 
corded. In  the  ground,  when  buried  deeply,  the 
length  of  time  seeds  will  retain  life  is  indefinite- 
according  to  some  authorities,  even  unlimited.  The 
accounts  of  seeds  which  had  been  taken  from  ancient 
Egyptian  tombs  germinating  on  being  placed  under 
favourable  conditions,  and  other  similar  cases  of  an 
astonishing  nature,  might  be  mentioned.  These  are, 
however,  of  little  or  no  practical  moment,  beyond 
showing  us  how  wonderfully  tenacious  of  life  is  the 
tiny  germ  which  lies  enclosed  in  its  often  thin  and 
delicate  wrappers.  How  long  a  seed  will  remain 
good  when  placed  under  the  conditions  supplied  in 


the  seed-house,  or  when  sown  and  treated  for  germi- 
nation, is  a  question  to  which  we  may  turn  for  more 
useful  information.  A  seed,  when  properly  matured 
and  kept  dry  in  an  even  and  suitable  temperature, 
will  remain  healthy  for  a  more  or  less  lengthened 
period,  according  to  whether  it  is  oily  or  starchy,  or 
whether  it  belongs  to  the  exalbuminous  or  the  albu- 
minous kinds.  Oily  seeds  usually  perish  in  a  com- 
paratively short  time,  so  that  it  becomes  necessary 
to  sow  them  as  soon  as  possible  after  they  are  ripe  ; 
such  seeds  are  those  of  Tea,  CoiYee,  Camellia,  Theo- 
broma,  Acorns,  Brazil-nuts,  Walnuts,  &c.  Seeds  of  a 
starchy  nature  are  generally  much  longer-lived.  It 
is,  however,  impossible  to  draw  a  hard-and-fast  line 
between  long-lived  and  short-lived  seeds,  as  there  are 
so  many  conditions  other  than  those  we  perceive,  and 
often  altogether  beyond  our  control,  which  aflect  the 
vitality  of  seeds.  Lindley  says  :—"  Seeds  are  probably 
possessed  of  different  powers  of  life,  some  preserving 
their  vital  principle  through  centuries  of  time,  while 
others  have  but  an  ephemeral  existence  under  any 
circumstances.  The  reasons  for  this  dilTerence  are 
unknown  to  us."  In  the  case  of  many  of  our  most 
popular  and  long-cultivated  plants,  however,  we  have 
data  sufficient  to  enable  us  to  perceive  how  long  their 
seeds  may  be  expected  to  remain  capable  of  germi- 
nating. The  following  list  was- prepared  by  the  well- 
known  seed  merchants,  Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co., 
of  Paris,  and  with  it  is  incorporated  a  portion  of 
a  list  printed  in  Burbridge's  Propagation  and  Jm- 
Prov€tnent  of  Plants  :^ 

Average  Duration  of  the  (;ekminating  Powek  of  tub 


Artichoke      . .  . .  . .     S 

Aster,  China  .  . .  . .     1 

Asparagus     . .         ..         ■  ■     4 


Basil  .. 
Beans.  Broad 
Beans,  Kidney 
Beetroot 


Burnet  ..         ..          ..2 

Cabb.ige  . .         . .        " . .      5 

Capsicum  ..         --4 

Cara\>ay        2 

Carrot  .'.'         ".'.        .'.     4 

„      Tubclous     !!        .'.'     \ 

Chicory         8 

Corn  Salad  . .          . .          ■  -     5 

Cucumber  ..    ■     ..     5 

Egg  Plant 7 

Leek   ..  .'!         '.'.         '.'.     2 


Nasturtium 
Onion. . 

Parsnip 
Peas     . . 
Potato 
Purslane 
Radish     , 

Rhubarb 

Rocket 

Rosemary 

Salsify 

S.ivory 


Seaknlc 

Spinach 

Strawberry 

Thyme 

Tomaic. 

Turnip 


The  above  table  does  not  profess  to  give  in  every 
case  the  longest  time  possible  for  the  seeds  to  remain 
good,  but  only  the  average  time  during  which,  under 
the  conditions  supplied  in  an  ordinary  seed-room,  . 
they  might  be  expected  to  retain  their  power  to  vege- 
tate. Cabbage  seeds  have  been  known  to  germinate 
after  being  kept  for  ten  years,  and  Kidney  Beans  after 
five  years.  As  above  stated,  the  conditions  which 
affect  the  duration  of  life  in  seeds  are  too  often  beyond 
control,  or  altogether  hidden  from  us. 

It  has  been  already  pointed  out  that  under  certain 
conditions  some  seeds  will  remain  dormant  in  the 
ground  for  a  long  time  without  losing  their  vitality  ; 
in  like  manner  seeds  will  sometimes  lie  for  years  with- 
out commencing  to  grow,  even  when  the  conditions 
under  which  they  are  placed  are  what  we  consider 
favourable  to  germinafion.  Lindley  mentions  various 
instances  of  this,  all  tending  to  show  how  necessary 
it  is  to  have  patience  in  the  management  of  seeds,  and 
more  especially  when  the  age  of  the  seeds  is  unknown. 
Old  seeds  always  germin.Tte  more  slowly  than  young 
ones  ;  the  hardening  of  the  testa  or  seed-coats  through 
long  exposure,  no  doubt,  accounting  to  some  extent 
for  their  tardiness  in  starting.  By  steeping  in  warm 
■  water  or  by  removing  the  outer  shell  from  seeds, 
germination,  as  shown  above,  is  much  forwarded. 
Fruits  of  Hawthorns,  Hollies,  Birch,  and  other  hardy 
berry-bearing  trees  are  generally  subjected  to  a 
softening  process  before  their  seeds  are  sown.  This 
process  is  what  is  termed  the  "rot-heap,"  and  is 
managed  as  follows  : — The  fruits  are  gathered  in  the 
autumn  as  soon  as  ripe,  and  are  thrown  in  heaps.  A 
quantity  of  sand,  ashes,  or  light  soil  is  mixed  up  with 
them  by  frequently  turning  them  ;  they  are  then 
buried  in  a  pit,  or  placed  in  heaps  and  covered  with 
turf,  where  they  remain  till  the .  following  spring. 
The  whole  is  then   prepared    for    sowing  by   partly 


September  i2, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


329 


drying  and  then  sifting.  In  this  manner  the  seeds  are 
separated,  whilst  the  warmth  and  moisture  in  which 
they  were  stored  through  the  winter  has  softened  the 
hard  shell  of  the  seeds,  and,  no  doubt,  has  excited 
the  germinative  process. 

Seeds  of  plants  belonging  to  the  Ranunculus  and 
Primrose  families  sometimes  remain  in  the  ground  for 
several  years  without  moving.  Mr.  Anderson-Henry 
states  that  some  seeds  of  Ranunculus  Lyalli,  the  Shep- 
herd's Lily,  sown  by  him  in  1S7S,  did  not  germinate 
till  iSSi  ;  and  in  the  case  of  seeds  of  a  second  species 
of  Ranunculus,  germination  took  place  four  years  and 
a  half  afterwards.  The  same  extraordinary  slowness 
has  often  been  observed  in  seeds  sown  at  Kew.  How 
far  ibis  slowness  to  vegetate  may  be  considered  as 
natural  to  the  plants,  or  whether  it  is  due  to  some 
untoward  influence  to  which  the  seeds  had  been 
subjected,  is  not  clear.  Seeds  of  Ranunculus  Lyalli 
vegetated  in  about  eleven  months  at  Kew.  I  suspect 
that  with  most  of  those  plants  the  seeds  of  which 
usually  remain  in  the  soil  a  long  time  before  growing, 
it  would  be  better  to  sow  the  seeds  immediately  on 
theit  becoming  ripe.  Mr.  A.  Henry  found  Primula 
japonica  and  Gentians  slow  to  germinate,  but  when 
the  seeds  of  these  plants  are  gathered  and  sown  as 
soon  as  ripe,  they  generally  germinate  in  a  few  weeks. 
It  is  said  that  Colchicum'Seeds  generally  take  over 
two  years  to  start  into  growth.  It  is  always  best 
to  select  the  largest  and  heaviest  seeds  in  all  cases 
where  robustness  of  growth  is  the  first  aim  ;  smaller 
seeds  being  slower  to  get  away,  and  containing  less 
vital  force  that  larger  ones  of  the  same  kind.  It  is 
ajso  supposed  that  large  seeds  retain  life  for  a  longer 
time  than  smaller  ones  do.  IV.  Watson^  in  **  Cassell's 
Popular  Gardenifig.^' 


MESSRS.  W.  FROMOW  &  SONS' 
NURSERY,  CHISWICK. 

"Chiswick"  and  "horticulture," — the  terms 
would  appear  to  be  synonymous  from  their  connection 
with  the  historic  gardens  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society.  But  it  is  not  our  province  just 
now  to  dilate  upon  the  aforesaid  gardens,  nor 
upon  the  good  work  performed  there.  The 
heading  to  these  remarks  will  sufficiently  explain 
our  purpose.  The  Messrs.  Fromow  have  been  estab- 
lished at  Chiswick  for  upwards  of  half  a  century,  the 
dwelling-house  in  the  nursery  carrying  our  thoughts 
back  to  a  far  more  remote  period,  it  having  been 
built  about  200  years  ago,  and  it  will  bear  favourable 
— ay,  very  favourable — comparison  with  structures  of 
modern  date.  In  the  old  coaching  days  it  was  known 
as  the  "Corner  Pin"  inn,  and  there  may  still  be 
seen  the  spacious  wine  cellars  and  vaults  in  which 
were  kept  the  "  good  things  "  for  the  revellers  in  those 
good  "old  times."  Blue  ribbonism  was  not  in  the 
ascendant  then.  What  is  now  known  as  Wellesley 
Road,  running  on  one  side  of  the  nursery,  was 
formerly  the  main  road  to  Hampton  Court.  The 
front  of  the  old  house  is  just  now  wreathed  with 
the  intense  violet-purple  flowers  of  Clematis  Jack- 
manni,  giving  it  quite  a  picturesque  appearance. 
In  passing,  how  profusely  the  Clematis  appears 
to  be  flowering  this  year.  Query,  has  the  season 
anything  to  do  with  it  ?  This  is  perhaps  one  ad- 
vantage of  a  peculiar  season,  such  as  has  been  the 
present  one.  It  brings  out  the  capabilities  and 
merits  or  otherwise  of  certain  subjects,  which  under 
ordinary  circumstances  would  not  be  observed,  and 
in  some  cases  cultivators  (in  consequence)  may  strike 
out  "new  lines  "  of  procedure,  preconceived  notions 
being  quite  upset. 

But  we  have  been  digressing — so  to  the  matter 
under  consideration.  Amongst  what,  for  want  of 
a  better  term,  may  be  called  "suburban"  nur- 
series, the  establishment  under  notice  holds  no  mean 
position  ;  for  Chiswick  can  now  no  longer  be,  as  it 
was  once,  termed  a  "  village."  It  has  been  quite 
transformed — "swallowed  up,"  in  fact — in  mighty 
Babylon,  London. 

Messrs.  Fromow  may  be  said  to  have  "  stepped 
into  the  shoes  "  of  those  once  famous  nurserymen 
— the  Messrs.  Glendinning — whose  productions  at 
the  renowned  Chiswick  shows  of  the  Horticultural 
Society  are  recorded  for  our  edification  in  the 
journals  of  that  day. 

The  attention  of  horticulturists  has  been  directed  to 
the  nursery  under  notice  by  the  charming  groups 
"arranged  for  effect  "  sent  from  it  of  recent  years  to 
some  of  our  leading  horticultural   exhibitions,   and 


which  have  generally  occupied  a  high  position  in  the 
prize  lists.  It  might,  therefore,  be  not  unreasonably- 
supposed  that  "at  home  "  also  there  would  be  some- 
thing worth  seeing,  and  it  was  with  this  object  in 
view  that  the  writer  of  these  made  a  pilgrimage  to 
Chiswick  recently,  and  the  "  notion  "  was  not  a  mis- 
taken one. 

The  visitor  who  went  there  filled  with  the  idea  of 
seeing  a  grand  "  show  "  place  would  be  disappointed ; 
the  proprietors  are  severely  business  people,  and  it  is 
owing  to  this  very  important  and — to  be  successful — 
indispensable  factor  in  their  method  of  procedure  that 
their  present  position  is  due. 

The  houses,  some  fifteen  in  number,  are  built  with 
the  special  object  of  plant  growing,  and  are  therefore 
plain,  commodious,  useful,  well-built  structures. 

And  now  for  a  few  brief  notes  on  their  occupants. 
Rightly  gauging  the  public  taste,  a  collection  of 
Orchids,  good,  useful,  and  varied,  is  being  formed, 
which  will,  when  established,  be  a  special  feature. 
Of  course,  it  is  now  the  wrong  season  of  the  year  to 
see  what  these  plants  are  principally  grown  for — their 
flowers — but  we  noted  a  few  in  bloom.  Cattleya 
Eldorado,  the  pale  pink  variety;  C,  labiata  specio- 
sissima,   and  C,   Gaskelliana.     C.   Mossi?e  is  grown 


nassa  sativa  variegata  (variegated  Pine-apple),  repre- 
sented by  a  noble  specimen  ;  Aspidistra  lurida  and  A. 
lurida  variegata  also  claim  attention  here,  as  being 
useful,  etTective  plants,  and  withal  standing  hard 
treatment. 

Of  Palms  a  good  and  select  collection  is  grown,  a 
house  being  specially  devoted  to  their  culture,  and 
comprising  the  best  and  popular  sorts,  grown  in  32 
and  24-sized  pots,  and  therefore  manageable  and 
come-at-able  plants.  We  noticed  Seaforthia  elegans, 
Areca  rubra,  A.  lutescens,  Kentia  Canterburyana,  very 
graceful  ;  l^hrenix  sylvestris.  Before  we  dismiss  the 
Palms  a  word  must  be  said  in  praise  of  Cocos  Weddel- 
liana  as  grown  in  6o's.  It  is  a  variety  much  used 
for  table  decoration,  for  which  it  is  eminently  suited  ; 
in  this  stage  the  plants  for  this  purpose  are  trans- 
ferred from  their  pots  to  suitable  vases,  and  these 
being  surface-mossed  give  them  a  neat,  attractive, 
and  dressy  appearance. 

Ferns  are  well  cared  for,  the  popular  Adiantum 
cuneatum  being  grown  in  quantity,  and  well  done. 
Pteris  crerica  and  P.  serrulata,  with  its  varieties  cris- 
tata  and  cristata  major,  deserve  special  mention. 

As  it  will  soon  be  Chrysanthemum  time  it  may  not 
be  out  of  place  to  mention  that  a  good  collection  of 


Fig.  69— k.'empferia  ornata  :  leaves  dark  green,  with  a  central  witiTE  stripe,  (see  p.  32S.) 


somewhat  largely,  but  is  not  now  in  bloom  ;  Aerides 
Lobbi  just  coming  into  flower  with  its  long  sprays  of 
pale  pink  blossoms  resembling  a  wreath. 

The  well-known  Sophronites  grandiflora  was  in 
bloom,  in  fact  it  keeps  in  this  stage  for  months,  so 
that  it  is  useful  on  this  account,  even  although  its  red 
flowers  be  somewhat  small — the  trio  to  complete 
those  in  flower  (and  good  plants  they  were)  are  Cypri- 
pediumSedeni,  Loelia  Dayana,and  Oncidium  crispum. 
Of  that  useful  cool  Orchid,  Odontoglossum  grande, 
a  good  batch  was  seen,  the  foliage  plump  and  healthy. 
Eucharis  amazonica  was  represented  by  a  numerous 
batch  of  specimens  in  rude  health,  just  showing 
flower,  these  will  be  invaluable  a  little  later  on  when 
flowers  will  be  getting  scarce.  The  new  form,  E. 
Candida  (true),  is  also  grown — not  quite  so  large  in 
flower  as  amazonica,  but  still  a  useful  acquisition 
amongst  white  flowers. 

Amongst  flowering  greenhouse  climbers  we  noted 
finely  bloomed  specimens  of  these  favourites,  Lapa- 
geria  rosea  and  L.  alba.  A  good  collection  of 
Camellias  is  grown,  well  known  and  good  sorts  ;  the 
plants  are  in  vigorous  health,  and  will  well  repay  a 
visit  when  in  flower. 

In  ornamental  foliaged  plants  were  seen  some  well 
coloured  Crotons  ;  they  were  light  and  effective,  quite 
"  lighting  up  "the  sombre  foliage  Palms,  with  some  of 
which  they  were  associated.  Pandanus  Veitchii,  so 
excellent  a  plant  lor  table  decoration ;  Eulalia  japonica 
variegata,  a  graceful  and  effective   grass  ;  and  Ana" 


this  best  o(  autumn  flowers  is  grown,  and  they  give 
promise  of  a  good  display  of  bloom.  There  are 
about  1000  plants  grown  of  the  incurved  and  Japanese 
varieties,  of  various  sizes,  from  those  in  4$'s,  short 
and  thick,  to  large  plants,  3  to  4  feet  in  height.  The 
large  plants  are  disbudded,  so  as  to  get  very  fine 
flowers,  which  come  to  a  great  size,  and  are  sold  to 
the  London  florists  for  table  decorations,  vases,  &c., 
who  get  as  much  as  61/.  and  Is.  per  bloom  for  them. 
Appended  are  the  names  of  a  few  of  the  best  amongst 
the  large  flowering  varieties  (necessarily  space  forbids 
any  lengthy  lists),  viz.: — Antonelli,  salmon-orange; 
Golden  Eagle,  red  and  gold  ;  White  Eve,  white,  fine  ; 
Avalanche,  snow-white  ;  Barbara,  golden-yellow : 
Refulgence,  dark  crimson.  Of  the  Japanese  varieties 
the  following  were  noted  : — Triomphe  de  la  Rue  de 
Chatelatel,  salmon,  shaded  rose — good  ;  Garnet, 
bright  blood-red  ;  Boule  d'Or,  bright  gold  ;  George 
Gordon,  chestnut-red ;  Source  d'Or,  golden-yellow, 
extra  good;  Elaine,  white. 

A  large  stock  of  Pelargoniums  of  the  various  sec- 
tions is  grown,  and  to  those  whom  it  may  concern  it 
may  be  somewhat  of  interest  to  know  that  amongst 
golden  tricolors  Mrs.  Pollock  (even  now,  though  old, 
an  unsurpassed  variety),  Lady  Cullum,  and  Mr.  H. 
Cox  are  considered  the  best  varieties,  and  in  the 
gold  and  bronze  class  Marechal  McMahon,  Black 
Douglas,  and  W,  E.  Gumbleton. 

Conifers,  Ornamental  Trees,  and  generally 
Hardy    Plants   sre  principally    grown  at    the    two 


330 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  1885. 


branch  nurseries  of  the  firm  at  Hounslow,  and  contain 
some  special  features,  which  it  is  our  intention  to 
refer  to  in  a  future  issue.  Meanwhile  there  are  some 
plants  in  this  way  at  Chiswick  that  deserve  a  passin^j 
notice.     We  may  well  begin  with 

Ampelopsis  Veitchii. — Of  this  hardy,  valuable,  and 
peculiarly  graceful  variety  of  Virginia  Creeper,  over 
1000  plants  are  grown  from  2  to  3  feet  in  height, 
established  in  pots. 

The  Golden  Elder,  Sambucus  nigra  var.  aurea. — 
Leaves  of  a  rich  golden  hue,  making  it  very  effective 
when  planted  amongst  other  shrubs.  A  round-leaved 
variety  of  Laurel,  aptly  called  rotundifolia,  deserves 
mention  as  an  acquisition.  It  is  not  yet  very  commun, 
but  would  appear  to  be  a  very  desirable  kind.  What 
may  be  well  described  as  one  of  the  finest  hardy  decid- 
uous plants  grown,  is  Hydrangea  paniculata  grandi- 
flora,  a  low  growing  shrub,  covered  with  its  pyramidal 
panicles  of  large  white  flowers. 

Golden  Vews  impart  quite  an  air  of  attractiveness 
when  viewed  in  contrast  with  other  Conifers  of  more 
sober  hues.  Adjacent  to  their  Chiswick  nursery,  and 
near  to  the  Acton  Green'station  of  the  District  Railway 
Company,  Messrs.  Fromowhave  a  plot  of  ground  which 
is  used  principally  for  striking  >oung  cuttings  of  ever- 
green shrubs,  such  as  Euonymus,  Aucubas,  Laurels, 
Privet,  &c,,  and  for  various  kinds  of  hardy  climbers, 
and  then  sent  to  the  other  nurseries  for  grov/ing  on. 
There  also  may  be  seen  a  large  stock  of  Ivies — green 
and  variegated — in  pots,  for  immediate  use.  There 
are  some  thousands  of  small  shrubs  grown  here  for 
filling  London  window  boxes  for  the  autumn  season  ; 
already  preparations  are  being  made  for  the  com- 
mencement of  this  work.  To  meet  the  requirements 
of  a  rapidly  extending  bu&iness  a  substantial  block  of 
buildings  has  been  erected  at  Chiswick,  at  some  con- 
siderable cost,  for  the  purposes  of  seed  and  bulb  stores, 
offices,  &c.   J.  B, 


PERENNIAL    SUNFLOWERS. 

During  the  months  of  August  and  September 
perennial  Sunflowers  ought  to  be  amongst  the  most 
conspicuous  ornaments  of  herbaceous  borders.  After 
collecting  and  testing  about  twenty  species,  I  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  all  the  forms  worth  retain- 
ing in  ordinary  collections,  where  decoration  is  the 
chief  object,  are  included  in  six  cr  seven  species. 
Nearly  or  quite  all  of  these  do  best  when  replanted 
every  spring.  This  should  be  done  when  the  green 
shoots  are  just  appearing  above  the  ground.  The 
soil  should  be  prepared,  rich  and  well  pulveri--ed  ; 
and  about  half-a-dozen  well  rooted  shoots,  more  or 
less,  planted  in  an  open  but  sheltered  place,  and 
never  allowed  to  flag  from  drought.  If  not  too  large 
or  crowded  the  plants  may  be  left  for  a  second  year, 
but  the  flowers  are  not  so  fine  ds  the  first,  and  after 
the  second  nearly  all  kinds  degenerate  rapidly.  The 
kinds  I  recommend  are — 

1.  Hdianthus  dccapdalus, — The  typical  form  of 
this  is  one  of  the  earliest  to  flower,  being  fully  out  by 
the  end  of  July.  It  grows  about  5  feet  high,  and  the 
flowers  are  many,  but  not  large.  It  is,  however,  far 
surpassed  as  an  ornament  by  its  garden  variety,  H. 
mulliflurus,  a  very  well  known  plant,  easily  becoming 
double,  and  often  producing  double  and  single  floweis 
on  the  same  plant.  Its  forms  of  doubling  are  also 
various,  but  the  large  flowered  single  forms  are  the 
finest.  Any  one  who  carefully  examines  the  botanical 
characters  may  observe  that  in  spite  of  the  great 
difference  in  appearance  and  size  of  flower  and  leaf, 
H.  multiflorus  is  identical  in  species  with  11.  deca- 
petalus. 

2.  H.  ri'oic/us. — The  best  of  all  the  Sunflowers  is 
a  month  late  this  year  in  flowering.  This  plant  is 
now  in  nearly  every  garden.  I  do  not  know  whether 
a  perfectly  double  form  of  it  has  yet  been  grown,  but 
I  expect  to  have  one  in  a  year  or  two,  as  one  of  my 
plants,  quite  single  three  years  ago,  has  been  annually 
adding  another  row  of  rays,  and  has  now  very  little 
disc  left. 

3.  //,  hrlijIo>iis.—l  have  had  some  difficulty  in 
identifying  this  plant.  The  living  collection  at  Kew, 
which  I  examined  a  week  ago,  did  not  help  me,  as 
the  plant  marked  IL  hutiflorus  had  not  then  even  a 
bud  visible,  and  was  so  like  II.  rigidus  in  leaf  and 
habit  that  I  could  not  distinguish  it;  but  Asa  Gray 
tells  us  that  it  "  resembles  tall  forms  of  H.  rigidus  ;  " 
that  the  leaves  are  rather  thinner,  and  less  rough, 
and  the  bracts  of  the  involucrum  longer.  I  have  a 
very  beautiful  Sunflower,   which  came  to  me   some 


years  ago  from  Mr.  W.  Thomson,  of  Ipswich,  as  II. 
doronicoides.  It  is  taller  than  H.  rigidus  ;  flowers 
fully  a  month  later,  and  the  bracts  in  all  stages  of  bud 
meet  over  the  disc,  whilst  in  II.  rigidus  the  disc  is 
bare  even  in  early  bud.  This  answers  in  all  respects 
to  Asa  Cray's  H.  Icetlflorus,  except  that  he  puts  the 
plant  under  the  heading  of  "disc  yellow."  He 
tells  us,  however,  that  he  adopts  the  H.  laeliflorus 
of  De  CandoIIe,  who  describas  the  disc  of  this  plant 
as  **  sub-atrorubens,"  which  certainly  cannot  be 
translated  "yellow."  The  disc  of  my  plant  is,  in 
fact,  less  dark  than  that  of  H.  rigidus,  but  is  not 
yellow.  1  may  mention  that  a  plant  which  has  become 
common  in  gardens,  having  been  sold  by  London 
nurserymen  as  H.  laetiflorus,  with  a  tall  very  branch- 
ing habit,  a  black  stalk,  and  many  rather  small 
flowers,  does  not  bear  the  least  resemblance  to  Asa 
Gray's  II.  Icetitlorus,  nor  can  I  identify  it  with  any  of 
his  species.  It  is  a  good  late  garden  plant,  but,  I 
suspect,  a  hybrid. 

4.  H.  doronicoides  \?>h2ixA\y  inferior  as  an  ornament 
toll,  rigidus,  and  its  flowering  season  comes  between 
that  plant  and  II.  Iretiflorus.  The  flowers  are  quite 
as  large  as  those  of  either  of  the  others,  but  the  disc 
is  narrower,  and  the  rays  more  upright.  The  height 
is  often  7  feet.  It  increases  very  fast,  and  soon  suffers 
from  crowding.  It  has  an  elegant  habit,  but  not  a 
very  long  flowering  season,  lasting  good  for  about  a 
month.  It  ripens  seed  in  abundance,  from  which,  no 
doubt,  varieties  might  be  obtained,  as  well  as  hybrids. 
My  plants  vary  in  the  shades  of  yellow. 

5.  //.  giganietts. — Would  be  an  excellent  plant  if 
5  feet  high,  instead  of  S  or  9.  The  flower,  which  is 
about  3  inches  wide  when  stretched,  is  elegantly 
cupped,  and  the  rays  very  regularly  arranged, 
not  unlike  those  of  a  Doronicum.  Of  course  so  tall 
a  plant  requires  to  be  staked  ;  but  it  branches  very 
freely  and  produces  flowers  from  half  its  height.  All 
the  kinds  I  have  mentioned  are  exceedingly  easy  of 
cultivation,  and  wiih  the  attention  I  have  advised, 
may  be  grown  by  any  one  to  perfection.  There  are 
many  other  perennial  Sunflowers,  either  of  inferior 
merit  or  less  enduring  of  ordinary  English  climate,  or 
of  cold  soils  I  have  adopted  Asa  Gray's  names,  and 
the  synonyms  and  cross-naming  will  be  found  some- 
what puziling.  But  except  kttiflorus,  of  which  the 
characters  are  rather  obscure,  all  those  I  have  described 
are  very  distinct.  I  may  add  that  II.  atro-rubcns 
of  De  Candolle  {Prodrontus^  vol.  v.,  p.  5S6),  and  of 
Bot.  Mag ,  t.  266S,  is  the  H.  rigidus  of  to-day.  The 
former  name  was  given  from  the  colour  of  the  di>c, 
the  latter  from  the  stifl'ness  of  the  leaves.  C.  H'oHiv 
Dod,  Ed-e  Hall,  Malpas,  Scpl.  I. 


FUCHSIAS. 

The  grand  plants  of  these  popular  flowers  seen  at 
certain  of  the  West  of  England  shows,  and  occabini- 
ally  at  some  in  the  South,  do  but  serve  to  show  that 
the  art  of  specimen  Fuchsia  culture  is  still  existent, 
although  very  localised,  and  it  is  to  be  feared  even  in 
those  few  favoured  localities  it  is  dying  out.  Really 
fine  specimen  Fuchsias  are  indeed  rare  at  any 
shows,  whilst  in  not  a  few  exhibitions  very  good  ones 
are  never  seen.  Probably  very  many  who  grow 
Fuchsias  have  never  seen  such  grand  pyramids  as  may 
be  witnessed  at  Trowbridge  or  Devises,  or  as  were 
shown  the  other  day  at  Southampton,  plants  some  7  to 
8  feet  ir.  height,  andasperfectlyfoimed  massiveoutlines 
as  it  is  possible  to  create.  Till  such  are  seen  it  is  evi- 
dent that  very  many  have  no  conception  of  what  a 
first-class  Fuchsia  is ;  hence,  having  no  standard  of 
quality,  no  ideal  is  aimed  at,  and  specimens  so-called 
are  grown  in  a  very  perfunctory  way. 

Londoners  never  see  a  really  good  Fuchsia,  but  it 
may  be  well  worthy  the  consideration  of  some  of  our 
exhibition  authorities  whether  it  is  not  worth  while  to 
offer  show  habitues  wearied  with  the  constant  repeti- 
tion of  metropolitan  show  plants  a  chance  to  see  what 
country  growers  can  produce,  by  ofl'ering  prizes  such 
as  shall  encourage  them  to  bring  their  finest  plants  to 
London,  and  show  them  to  wondering  and  admiring 
multitudes. 

We  saw  a  single  plant,  the  other  day,  at  a  country 
show,  carrying  off  a  prize  value  5^.,  worth  in  beauty 
and  quality  alone  more  than  the  six  plants  which  took 


a  1st  piize  of  {;5  at  South  Kensington  last  month.  If 
three  classes,  as  at  that  show,  could  be  made  open  to 
all  exhibitors,  three  prizes  to  each,  and  of  a  value  of 
not  less  than  ^40,  no  doubt  the  finest  Fuchsias  in  the 
kingdom  would  be  brought  to  compete.  In  offering 
prizes  for  these  big  things  it  must  not  be  forgotten 
that  they  are  big— indeed,  very  much  so— each  plant 
needing  some  Slog  feet  of  head-room,  and  an  area  of 
6  to  7  leet  square.  Hence  it  is  evident  that  transit  is 
costly.  If,  therefore,  these  grand  plants  are  to  be 
seen  by  Londoners,  prizes  of  tempting  value  must  be 
offered. 

It  is  very  evident  to  the  most  casual  readers  of 
flower  show  reports,  as  also  to  observers,  that  the  very 
best  kinds  for  the  production  of  grand  specimens, 
which  will  also  travel  well— that  is,  retain  their 
flowers  through  a  long  journey — are  comparatively 
limited  in  number,  and  include  chiefly  sorts  raised  by 
that  Fuchsia  veteran,  Mr.  J.  Lye.  Even  if  that 
famous  grower  had  not  been  the  pioneer  of  specimen 
Fuchsia  culture  as  seen  in  the  West,  he  would  have 
merited  the  gratitude  of  every  admirer  of  F'uchsias  for 
his  energy  and  success  in  producing  so  many  new  and 
fine  kinds.  Mr.  Lye  has  given  his  labour  to  the  pro- 
duction of  sorts  having  good  free-blooming  habits 
rather  than  to  the  production  of  huge  flowers,  and  the 
present  race  ol  show  kinds  is  his  worthy  monument. 

It  would  be  a  serious  error  were  it  assumed  that 
Fuchsias  are  difficult  to  grow  into  these  huge  and 
perfect  pyramids.  It  is  hard  enough,  no  doubt,  to 
those  who  do  not  know,  but  it  is  not  hard  to  learn 
how,  and,  once  having  learned,  the  art  is  simple 
enough.  Employers  would  be  delighted  to  see  granil 
Fuchsias  about  their  gardens,  even  if  not  grown  for 
exhibition,  but  there  are  few  who  would  not  be  as 
pleased  to  permit  their  gardeners  to  show  the  results 
of  their  cultural  skill  to  the  public. 

We  have  seen  for  the  present  enough  of  hackneyed 
things,  most  of  which  may  well  be  termed  hothouse 
Khubarb  and  Cabbages,  and  shall  hail  with  satisfac- 
tion a  return  to  specimen  flowering  plants,  amongst 
which  none  are  more  beautiful,  few  more  graceful, 
than  are  really  finely  grown  pyramid  Fuchsias.  D. 


HARDY  ORNAMENTAL 
SHRUBS. 
Catalfa  Bungei.— Although  of  somewhat  rare 
occurrence  in  this  country,  yet  where  they  thrive  the 
various  species  of  Catalpa  are  singularly  beautiful, 
and  well  worthy  of  extensive  culture,  if  even  for 
decorative  purposes  alone.  The  charming  effect  pro- 
duced by  the  ample  foliage  and  large  clusters  of 
deliciously  fragrant  flowers  of  C.  Bungei  prompts  me 
to  recommend  it  as  a  first-class  garden  or  lawn 
subject.  Although  not  generally  hardy  in  this 
country,  and  usually  cut  back  during  severe  winters, 
it  soon  recovers,  and  throws  out  dense  masses  of 
new  growth  in  spring.  In  Britain  it  is  a  dwarf  shrub 
of  5  or  6  feet  in  height,  with  glabrous,  generally 
entire,  ovate,  acuminate  leaves.  Here  this  singular 
plant  seems  quite  at  home  planted  in  rather  stiff 
loam  and  an  open  situation,  and  is  at  present  covered 
with  its  racemose  inflorescences  of  Horse  Chestnut- 
like flowers — greenish-yellow  with  red  spots. 

C.    IlIGNONIOtDES. 

The  better  known  C.  bignonioides,  or  Indian  Bean, 
is  another  highly  ornamental  as  well  as  useful  timber 
tree  (it  is  usually  shrubby  in  this  country),  with  large 
leaves,  downy  beneath,  and  pretty  white  flowers 
tinged  with  violet,  and  speckled  with  purple  and 
yellow  in  the  throat.  The  variety  aurea  is  about 
one  of  the  best  golden-leaved  shrubs  that  we  remem- 
ber having  seen.  Other  desirable  species  are  the 
Japanese  plant,  C.  Krempferi,  a  near  ally  of  the 
latter,  and  C.  speciosa,  a  finer  and  more  rapid  grow- 
ing tree  than  C.  bignonioides,  and  with  larger  flowers, 
fruit,  and  seed. 

Berberis  Wallichiana. 
The  second  flowering  of  this  lovely  shrub  puts  me 
in  mind  of  its  value  as  a  decorative  plant.  It  is  a 
remarkably  handsome  and  very  distinct  species,  with 
a  compact  easy  habit  and  clear  yellow  flowers,  which 
contrast  strangely  with  the  deep  green  tint  of  its 
evergreen  foliage.  As  a  wall  plant  we  find  it  to  do 
best,  although  several  clumps  planted  out  in  the 
grounds  for  ornamental  effect  have  given  general 
satisfaction.  This  plant  is  known  in  not  a  few  col- 
lections under  the  name  of  B.  Hookeri,  but  as  it  was 
first  discovered  and  sent  home  by  Wallich,  and  ulti- 


SErTEMIiER    12,    1 8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


331 


mately  reintroduced  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  we  think 
the  latter  name  should  be  disused,  and  priority  given 
to  that  of  the  finder.  There  is  another  variety  under 
the  name  of  IJ.  Jamesi,  which  if  not  identical  wiih 
Wallichi,  is  certainly  so  closely  allied  as  to  have  quite 
puzzled  us  to  point  out  a  difference.  Almost  any 
qualiiyof  soil  comes  alike  to  these  plants  :  light  peat, 
sandy  loam,  or  even  vegetable  refuse,  growing  them 
very  successfully. 

IIVDRANGEA    I'ANICULATA   ORANDIFLORA,    AND 

H.  Thomas  Hogg. 
These  are  now  well  in  bloom,  and  when  grown 
under  peculiar  circumstances  are  decided  improve- 
ments on  the  older  and  better  known  H.  horten^is. 
The  former,  when  well  grown,  is  certainly  a  magni- 
ficent plant,  with  large  panicles  of  pure  white  sttrile 
flowers,  which  last  for  a  considerable  time,  frequently 
from  July  till  frosts  set  in.  It  is  much  improved  by  a 
yearly  pruning,  which  not  only  induces  good  habit, 
but  materially  assists  in  enlarging  the  flower-clusters. 
It  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  well-ripened 
wood  from  last  season's  growth.  H.  Thomas  Hogg 
is  a  beautiful  plant  with  pure  while  very  handsome 
flowers;  indeed,  the  great  point  in  growing  the ',2 
plants  should  be  to  procure  pure  white  flowers,  fur  in 
the  "greenery  yallery "  too  often  seen  half  their 
beauty  is  lost. 

II.     HORTENSIS. 

The  flowering  of  II.  hoitensis  is  this  season  un- 
usually fine,  and  specially  recommends  this  old- 
fashioned  plant  for  extensive  outdoor  use  in  the  more 
favourable  parts  of  England.  Planted  in  good  bold 
masses,  at  a  respectable  distance  from  drives  and 
walks,  and  backed  up  by  taller-growing,  dark-foliaged 
evergreens,  this  lovely  plant  has,  during  the  flowering 
period  especially,  few  equals  for  beauly  of  effect  or 
general  lasting  qualities.    A.  D.   ll'ebsief. 


superstition  has  invented  a  legend  to  fit  the  spots  ; 
but  the  legend  belongs  to  Palestine,  and  does  not 
the  plant  belonc  to  sunny  Spain  ?  F.  W.  B, 


FROM    A    DUBLIiNT    GARDEN. 

A  LITTLE  gathering  from  an  old  garden  of  things 
not  generally  common.  Imprimis,  fruits  of  Px-onia 
corallina,  from  the  steep  Holme  Island  in  the  Bristol 
Channel,  where  only  in  Britain  it  grows  wild,  and 
where  for  company  the  odorous  parent  of  our  garden 
Leek,  Allium  ampeloprasum,  grows  also.  If  these  as 
yet  unopen  capsules  of  the  P^tony  be  placed  on  a 
mantelshelf  or  in  a  warm  mom  they  expand  and  form 
beautiful  objects  just  as  they  do  if  left  upon  iheir 
parent  plants.  There  is  a  Pomegranate-like  richness 
of  colour,  the  fertile  black  seeds  contrasting  so  forcibly 
with  the  abortive  crimson  ones.  Lotus  tetragonolobus 
is  a  pretty  crimson  or  yellow-flowered  annual,  its 
winged  pods  being  peculiar,  with  its  longish  tap-root 
densely  covered  with  tubercular  growths,  which 
are  found  in  all  Leguminous  plants.  The  scarltt 
berries  of  Sambucus  racemosus  are  a  little  pass^-,  bu 
still  beautiful  as  seen  against  the  sky,  or  in  conlras 
with  the  soft  dove-like  Magnolia  flowers  in  the  sun. 

Aster  Ptarmicoides  is  quite  a  little  gem  amongst 
Michaelmas  Daisies  with  its  slender  stems  a  foot 
high,  covered  wiih  gr3s=;y  leaves  and  terminated 
with  milk-white  flowers?  I  think  it  most  beau- 
tiful as  seen  growing.  It  is  vtry  bright  and 
useful  for  cutting,  as  its  little  rounded  heads  retain 
their  colour  well,  as  also  do  those  of  its  larger 
cousin,  E.  Olivierianum. 

When  in  flower  the  EilHardiera  longiflora  is  not 
very  winning,  but  now  all  our  visitors  are  most  en- 
thusiastic in  their  admiration  (or  its  lovely  purple 
fruits,  so  gracefully  strung  on  leafy  string-like  shoots. 
Ii  is  hardy  on  a  warm  wall,  and  well  deserves  a  place 
among  rare  or  select  shrubs.  The  "Carrot-bush," 
or  "  Hare's  Ear,"  Bupleurum  frulicosum,  is  now 
covered  with  golden-green  umbels  above  its  sofc 
glaucous  leaves,  and  so  contrasts  well  with  its  rela- 
tions, the  Erynglums.  "  Let  it  rain  kissing  comfits, 
hail  Potato?,  and  snow  Etyngoes,"  as  Shakespeare 
says,  in  allusion  to  the  former  custom  of  candying 
the  roots  of  our  common  Sea  Holly, 

Here  also  are  the  little  hedgehog-like  fruits  of  the 
"  Calvary  Clover  "  (Medicago  echinus),  a  hardy 
annual,  or  prettier  if  a  few  of  its  seeds  be  sown  in  a 
basket  or  hanging  pan  in  greenhouse  or  window,  so 
that  its  trailing  shoots  and  red  spotted  leaves  are  seen 
to  advantage.  Its  pods  are  curiously  twisted  up 
spirally  into  a  ball,  and  being  prickly  along  their 
outer  margins  gives  them  the  "  hedgehog  "  appear- 
ance whence,  nn  doubt,  their  specific  name.  Having 
red  or  blood-like  spots  upon   its   leaves,    of   course 


TERRESTRIAL    ORCHIDS    OF 
SOUTH   AFRICA. 

(Conliiuicd from  /.  308.) 

Satyrium. — Sepals  and  petals  nearly  alike,  forming 
together  the  five-parted  lower  )ip  of  the  flower.  La- 
bellum  helmet  or  hood-shaped,  with  two  short  or  long 
spurs,  forming  the  upper  lip  of  the  flower.  Natives  of 
India,  Madagascar,  Tropical  and  South  Africa,  the 
majority  of  tl^e  species  inhabiting  the  latter  region. 
The  flowers  are  usually  numerous,  in  a  dense  spike, 
many  of  thtni  being  very  handsome. 

S.  Alhciilonci,  Kchb.  f. — A  tall,  slender  species, 
with  linear-lanceolate,  three-ribbed  leaves,  and  a 
rather  dense  spike,  2—3  inches  long,  of  small  flowers, 
which  are  described  by  various  collectors  as  "  while 
and  yellow,"  "pure  white,"  and  "creamy-white;" 
the  bracts  are  lanceolate  acuminate,  spreading  or 
reflexed,  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  the  flowers, 
and,  judging  from  their  appearance  when  dried, 
seem  to  be  while,  or  cream  coloured.  This  appears 
to  be  a  very  distinct  and  striking  species  ;  it  is  a 
native  of  Natal  and  the  Transvaal,  where  it  grows  in 
swamps, 

5.  braclcatum,  Thunb. — A  small  but  pretty  species, 
4—6  inches  high,  with  elliptic  lower  leaves,  the 
upper  ones  decreasing  in  size,  and  becoming  more 
ovate-lanceolate.  Flower-spike  i^ — 2  inches  long, 
many-flowered  ;  bracts  broadly  ovate  acuminate, 
spreading  or  reflesed ;  flowers  small,  white,  with 
purple  lines,  spurs  reduced  to  small  pouches.  A  very 
neat  little  plant,  growing  in  moist  sandy  places 
amongst  grass,  on  the  mountains  of  the  Cape  penin- 
sula, flowering  in  October. 

S.  canJiJum,  Lindl. — Stem  6 — 12  inches  high,  with 
two  large  roundish,  or  very  broadly  ovate  radical 
leaves,  and  three  to  four  large  open  obliquely  cup- 
shaped  stem  sheaths.  Flower-spike  3—6  inches  long, 
many  flowered,  bracts  elliptic  acute,  reflexed. 
Flowers  about  J  inch  in  diameter,  pure  white,  with 
an  aromatic  fragrance,  spurs  slender,  an  inch  long. 
A  beautiful  species,  which  was  first  introduced  by  the 
renowned  astronomer  Sir  John  ilerschel,  about  1S3S, 
and  was  described  from  his  plants.  It  grows  on  the 
Cape  peninsula,  in  sandy  boggy  places,  at  low  alti- 
tudes (50 — 100  feet),  and  flowers  in  Septem  er  and 
October, 

S.  canieum,  R.  Br.,  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  15 12;  Flore 
des  Serres,  iv.,  t.  329  ;  Reichenbach,  Flora  Exotica,  t. 
266. — A  fine  robust  species,  the  lower  leaves  large 
and  orbicular,  those  on  the  stem  becoming  more  and 
more  sheathing  and  cucullate.  Spike  elongating, 
bracts  broad,  pale  green,  edged  with  reddish.  Flowers 
large  and  handsome,  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter, 
light  rose-pink,  with  spurs  an  inch  long.  Mr.  Bolus 
writes  of  this  as  follows  : — "  Less  common  than  S. 
coriifolium,  grows  in  moist  sandy  places,  ascending  the 
mountains  up  to  Soo  or  1000  feet  ;  does  not  approach 
within  S  or  10  miles  of  Cape  Town  ;  has  robust 
spikes  of  rose-pink  flowers;  soil,  &c.,  nearly  as  in 
S.  coriifolium  "  (which  see).  "  The  Botanical  Ma^a- 
•ine  figure "  of  which  the  two  other  figures  above 
quoted  are  exact  copies)  "  represents  a  specimen  much 
below  the  average  beauty  as  it  grows  here,  either  wild 
or  in  cultivation.  In  gardens  it  grows  and  flowers 
freely."  This  appears  to  be  a  very  handsome  Orchid, 
and  well  worth  cultivation. 

S.  coriifolium,  Swartz,  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  703  ;  Bot. 
Mas;.,  t.  2172;  Sweet,  Flozu.  GarJ.,\\.,  t.  3. — Stem 
12 — 30  inches  high,  robust,  with  3  —  4  oblong-lanceo- 
late acute,  concave,  leathery,  deep  green  basal  leaves, 
passing  upwards  into  stem  sheaths,  and  a  many- 
flowered  spike,  3—6  inches  long,  of  rich  yellow 
flowers,  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  suffused  on  the 
hood  with  deep  orange,  spurs  4  lines  long.  Bracts 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate  acute,  reflexed,  A  fine 
handsome  Orchid,  which  has  this  summer  flowered 
at  Kew,  but  did  not  appear  to  me  to  equal  the  wild 
specimens  in  beauty,  concerning  which  point  and  its 
habitat  Mr.  Bolus  writes  as  follows:  —  "The  Bot. 
Alag.  and  Bot.  Rci;.  figures  of  this  species  represent 
specimens  much  below  the  average  of  beauty  as  they 
grow  here,  either  wild  or  in  cultivation.  It  is  one  of 
the  commonest  Orchids  near  Cape  Town  ;  it  grows 
on  moist  sandy  downs  between  Table  Bay  and  False 
Bay,  and  has  an  unusually  long  flowering  season,  say 
from  September  10  to  November   10.     It  reaches  a 


height  of  24  to  30  inches,  with  spikes  of  brilliant 
orange  or  flame-coloured  flowers  ;  the  tubers  in  their 
native  soil  are  in  a  constant  state  of  moisture  from 
about  May  15  to  September  15,  when  they  gradually 
dry,  and  become  very  dry  between  November  and 
April,  when  there  are  usually  onlyoccasional  showers." 
The  stem  and  sheaths  of  the  leaves  are  sometimes 
spotted  with  purple-brown. 

S.  erectum,  Swartz  {S.  ftistidatum,  Lindl.,  Bot. 
Reg.,  vol.  xxvi.,  t.  iS).— Stem  8— iS  inches  high, 
with  two  roundish  radical  leaves  2—4  inches  long, 
'i— 3-i  inches  broad,  several  stem-sheaths,  and  a 
rather  dense  flower-spike  3  — 6  inches  long.  Bracts 
broadly  hnceolate  acute,  reflexed.  Flowers  J  inch  in 
diameter,  rose-pink  dotted  with  darker,  spurs  4  lines 
long,  galea  with  an  obtuse  recurved  or  erect  apex. 
A  showy  species,  growing  in  clay  soil  which  becomes 
baked  hard  by  the  sun,  in  the  south-western  part  of 
the  Cape  Colony,  and  extending  eastwards  as  far  as 
the  district  of  Albany  ;  it  flowers  in  October.  Mr. 
Bolus  writes  of  it,  that  it  "grows  to  twice  the  size  of 
the  figure  in  the  Botanical  Rexislcr,  in  the  warmer 
inland  country,  and  stiffer  soil.  Flowers  rosy  and 
spotted,  handsome."  Lindley  writes  of  it  :  — "  The 
flowers  ate  of  a  deep  clear  rose  colour,  melting  into 
white,  and  richly  spotted  with  purple  in  the  throat  ; 
they  smell  like  sweet  vernal-grass.  I  know  no 
Otchid.aceous  plant  prettier  than  this." 

S.  Haliackii,  Bolus.— A  tall,  robust  plant  with 
leafy  stem  ;  leaves  broadly. lanceolate  or  linear-oblong 
acute,  the  lower  ones  5—6  inches  long,  the  upper 
gradually  smaller,  and  cucullately  sheathing.  Flower- 
spike  dense  3—6  inches  long  ;  bracts  ovate-lanceo- 
late acute,  reflexed  as  the  flowers  open.  Flowers 
nearly  \  inch  in  diameter,  bright  rose,  spurs  4  lines 
long,  slender.  A  fine  and  handsome  plant,  growing 
in  moist  sandy  plains,  near  Port  Elizabeth,  Knysna, 
Zeekoe  valley,  &c.  ;  flowering  in  December  and 
January. 

S.  lengicolle,  Lindl.  (=  -J.  maculatiint,  L'ndl.).— 
In  habit  and  general  appearance  this  much  resembles 
S.  erectum,  but  is  at  once  distinguished  by  its  much 
longer  ovaries  and  spurs,  the  latter  being  a  full  inch 
long,  and  exceeding  the  ovaries  a  little.  The  flowers 
are  white,  tinted  with  pink,  the  petals  and  labellum 
marked  with  rosy-purple  spots,  and  the  throat  of  the 
galea  striate  with  purple.  A  rather  fine  species,  that 
would  seem  to  be  tolerably  common  in  several  parts 
of  Cape  Colony,  but  I  have  no  notes  as  to  hi- 
bitat,  &c. 

S.  sph.crocarpiim,  Lindl. — About  a  foot  high,  lower 
leaves  (2—3)  elliptic-oblong  obtuse,  upper  ones  more 
or  less  sheathing.  Flower-spike  3—5  inches  long; 
bracts  broadly  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate,  reflexed  ; 
flowers  ;[  inch  in  diameter,  white  pencilled  with  pink  ; 
spurs  4—6  lines  long,  longer  than  the  short  ovary, 
which  becomes  ellipsoidal  in  fruit.  A  native  of 
Natal  and  the  eastern  districts  of  Cape  Colony, 
ascending  to  an  altitude  of  Soo  feet,  flowering  from 
October  to  December,  and  appears  to  be  a  very 
ornamental  species. 

SCHIZODIUM. 

Dorsal  sepal  helmet-shaped,  with  one  spur,  lateral 
sepals  channelled,  spreading.  Petals  small,  unequally 
2-lobed  or  twisted,  attached  to  the  column.  Labellum 
Iree,  narrow,  lanceolate  acuminate,  or  broader  and 
more  or  less  undulate,  constricted  at  the  base. 

A  genus  of  but  few  species,  consisting  of  small 
plants,  remarkable  for  their  rigid,  wiry,  flexuose 
stems  and  small  .radical  leaves;  all  are  natives  of 
South  Africa.  The  flowers  are  not  numerous  or 
remarkably  showy,  but  the  two  following  species 
appear  to  me  worthy  of  cultivation. 

X  //t-.ivwJHOT,  Lindl. — Stem  flexuose,  8— 12  inches 
high,  slender.  Radical  leaves  about  an  inch  long, 
stalked,  elliptic  obtuse,  stem  leaves  coriaceous, 
oblong  acute,  concave.  Spike  few  flowered. 
Flowers  J  inch  in  diameter,  white,  with  a  deep 
golden-yellow  labellum  spotted  with  dark  purple- 
brown.  This  grows  in  moist  sandy  or  clayey  soil 
near  Paarl,  &c.,  at  low  elevations,  in  a  warmer 
climate  than  the  Cape  peninsula  species  enjoy.  The 
flowers  are  not  numerous,  but  of  fair  size  and  open, 
and  in  a  mass  would  be  very  effective.  It  flowers  in 
September  and  October. 

S.  ri!;-iili!m,  Lindl.— Dwarfer  than  S.  flexuosum, 
and  with  smaller  leaves.  The  flowers  are  about 
3  inch  in  expanse,  and  are  said  to  be  "  delicate 
pink-spotted  (or  spotted  with  brown)  ;  "  the 
dorsal  sepal  has  a  horizontal  or  upwardly  curved 
spur  4—6  lines  long,  the  lateral  sepals  are  narrow 


332 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SErXEMBER    12,    l8 


linear-oblong,  and  the  lip  arched,  narrow,  lanceolate 
acuminate.  It  grows  in  sandy  places  near  Cape 
Town  at  a  very  slight  elevation  above  sea-level,  and 
flowers  in  August.  N.  E.  Brown,  Koju. 

(Tc  he  cmtinucd.) 


THE    SEED-VESSELS    OF 

ORCHIDS. 

The    publication    of    our    previous    illustrations 

attracted  so  much  attention   to  a  hitherto  neglected 

held   that  we   now    lay  before    the   reader   further 


NATURE    IN    GARDENS. 

As  one  whose  views  are  somewhat  at  variance  with 
those  of  '*J.  D.  D.,"as  set  forth  in  your  issue  of 
August  22,  permit  me  a  brief  space  in  order  to 
examine  what  appears  to  be  the  drift  of  his  conten- 
tions. Unfortunately  it  is  not  given  to  mortals — and 
particularly  to  that  section  of  mortals  whose  lot  is 
cast  in  the  world  of  gardening — to  see  with  that 
intensely  critical  (hypercritical,  I  had  almost  written) 
vision  which  characterises  the  remarks  of  "J.  D.  D." 
What  is  true  in  Art  must  be  very  dear  to  every  true 
lover  of  Nature;  as  Nature  must  also  be  the  true 
basis  upon  which  Art  is  built.  But  is  it  not  somewhat 
too  sweeping  to  describe  as  worse  than  savagery  all 
that  does  not  accord  with  *' J.  D.  D.'s  "  views  of  the 
beautiful  ? 

I  fear  I  shall  shock  the  susceptibilities  of  those  who 
think  with  your  correspondent  when  I  aver  that  I  can 
trace  beauty  in  the  curves  of  a  well  formed  gravel 
walk  quite  as  distinctly  as  in  the  circuitous  windings 
of  some  silvery  stream,  though,  of  course,  in  a  dif- 
ferent degree.  Then  as  to  geometrical  bedding, 
which  seems  to  come  in  for  a  large  share  of  decla- 
mation, I  do  not  intend  to  pose  as  an  apologist  for 
this  system  or  style  of  bedding  ;  although  from  my 
own  knowledge  it  is  a  style  which  affords  much 
pleasure  to  thousands  of  persons  for  whom  the  vivid 
colour  of  the  Poppy,  or  the  brief  glories  of  the  Colum- 
bine have  no  charms.  True,  they  may  be  incapable 
of  criticising  either  what  is  truly  artistic  or  truly 
natural,  from  the  high  pinnacle  from  which  "J-  D.  D.'* 
evidently  writes  ;  but  who  shall  say  that  their  enjoy- 
ment is  one  whit  the  less  real  because  of  this  inability  ? 
Fashion,  no  doubt,  plays  strange  freaks  with  other 
things  besides  costumes  ;  but  to  declare  that  a  well 
arranged  bed  of  this  description  is  a  hideous  disfigure- 
ment because  it  happensto  be  found  where  '"J.  D.  D." 
would  have  his  flowers,  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it, 
using  adjectives  somewhat  indiscriminately. 

I  am  afraid  I  can  hardly  lay  sufficient  claim  to 
good  taste,  to  acquiesce  in  the  statement  that  the 
colouring  of  these  beds'!  is  a  "disgrace  to  civilised 
beings,"  and  if  that  great  potentate,  common  sense, 
condemns  everything  which  it  is  necessary  to  keep 
under  glass  during  the  winter,  he  is  a  more  arbitrary 
being  than  I  thought  him.  But  may  it  not  prove,  upon 
close  examination,  that  this  is  hardly  in  strict  accord- 
ance with  the  fact  ?  What,  for  instance,  would  be  the 
use  of  a  greenhouse  for  such  plants  as  these  :—Her- 
niarias,  Antennarias,  Sedums,  Sempervivums,  Stel- 
larias,  Spergula,  Mentha,  Achilleas,  Pyrethrums,  and 
a  host  of  other  good  things?  (The  hardy  kinds, 
are,  of  course,  meant.)  Let  us  have  the  beautiful 
things  mentioned  by  "  J.  D.  D."  by  all  means, 
but  do  not  ask  us  to  discard  every  plant  whose 
flowers  are  not  as  striking  as  a  Poppy  or  a  Parrot 
Tulip.  If  we  must  follow  Nature  implicitly,  let  us  at 
least  be  consistent,  and  to  the  glowing  picture  of 
shrubberies  with  all  their  splendour  of  fallen  leaves 
and  glorious  disorder  let  us  return — to  the  simple  style 
of  dress  favoured  by  our  forefather  before  the  Fall,  so 
that  all  may  be  in  delightful  harmony.  Cowper  in 
one  of  his  beautiful  poems  says  : — ■ 

"  But  'tis  not  timber,  lead,  and  stone, 
An  architect  requires  alone 

To  finish  a  fine  building — 
The  palace  were  but  half  complete 
If  he  could  possibly  forget 

The  carving  and  the  gilding." 

And  as  the  carving  and  gilding  are  essential  to  the 
palace,  so  also  are  neatness  and  order  in  our  gardens,  as 
well  as  those  hundred  and  one  little  touches  of  Art 
which  reclaims  the  waste  to  make  it  blossom  as  the 
Rose,  or  even  the  Poppy.  By  Art,  however,  I  do  not 
mean  the  distorted  trees  one  sometimes  sees  clipped 
into  the  supposed  resemblance  of  some  extinct  mam- 
malian monster,  or  the  broken  glass,  pounded  spar, 
red  brick,  and  coal-slack,  considered  by  some  to  be 
necessary  adjuncts  to  the  flower  garden,  but  that  Art 
which  removes  the  superabundant  branch  from  the 
tree  in  order  that  he  may  "mend  Nature,"  or  the 
disposing  of  a  bit  of  colour  here,  and  a  striking 
form  yonder,  the  enlivening  of  this,  or  the  subduing 
of  that  ;  let  us  have  the  wilderness  also,  but  not  in  the 
garden,  I  beseech  you,  my  masters — not  in  the  garden, 
but  where  old  Mother  Nature  may  revel  undisturbed. 
H,  L.,  Leamington. 


.  OF  EPIDENDBUM    NOCTIJR 


illustrations  taken  from  specimens  in  the  collec- 
tions of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  of  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  and  of  Sir  Charles  Strickland.  The 
drawings  are  for  the  most  part  sufficiently  illustrative 
to  obviate  the  necessity  for  detailed  description.  One 
or  two  points,  however,  demand  explanation.  The 
ribs  which  vary  so  greatly  in  degree  of  prominence  repre- 


sent the  midribs  and  the  combined  edges  of  the  three 
constituent  carpels  which  constitute  the  fruit.  Another 
feature  worth  notice  is  the  retention  of  the  column  (see 
fig.  7o)»  which  even  becomes  thickened  in  some  cases 
after  fertilisation.  The  segments  of  the  perianth  also, 
in  some  cases  remain  attached  to  the  fruit,  while 
in  others  it  not  only  persists,  but  enlarges  in  size, 
and  assumes  a  more  or  less  leafy  condition,  just  as  the 
sepals  of  the  Helleborus  niger,  or  Christmas  Rose, 
often  do  after  flowering.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  this  resumption  of  the  leafy  character  may 
facilitate  the  development  of  the  seed  by  ensuring  a 
further  supply  of  nutriment.  Another  point  worth 
attention  is  the  manner  in  which  these  flowers  become 
fertilised  in  our  hothouses.  Some  are  purposely  im- 
pregnated artificially  ;  but  others  are  fertilised,  either 
by  insects  or  by  close  fertilisation,  in  which  the  pollen 
of  any  particular  flower  impregnates  the  stigma  of 
the  same  flower.  This  is  a  subject  which  has 
excited  a  great  deal  of  attention  on  the  part  of 
Mr.  Darwin,  Professor  Meehan,  the  Rev.  George 
Henslow,  and  many  others.  The  last-named  ob- 
server !n  particular  points  out  the  frequency  with 
which  self  or  close-fertilisation  may  occur  without 
injury  to  or  deterioration  of  the  seedling  ;  but  how- 
ever true  this  may  be  in  individual  cases,  it  does  not 
invalidate  Darwin's  doctrine,  that  an  occasional  cross 
is  necessary  for  the  prolonged  vitality  or  perpetuation 
of  the  species.  Latterly  Mr.  II.  O.  Forbes  has  added 
considerably  to  the  number  of  Orchids  which  are 
known  to  be  close-fertilised,  and  to  those  in  which 
the  structure  is  such  that  access  of  insects  is  prevented, 
and  close-fertilisation  must  ensue  or  none  at  all.  In 
illustration  of  this  subject  we  may  cite  one  or  two 
extracts  from  Mr.  Forbes'  paper  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Linnean  SocieO't  lately  issued  : — 

"One  of  the  prettiest  and  commonest  Orchids  of  the 
neighbourhood  [in  Java]  was  the  pure  white  Dendrobium 
cruraenatum,  Swartz,  of  which  I  have  examined  thou- 
sands of  flowers  ;  scarcely  one  in  eighty  ever  sets  a  seed- 
capsule. 

"  Calanthe  veratrifolia  produces  quite  a  dense  head  of 
elegant  white  flowers,  but  the  number  of  these  that 
become  fertilised  is  in  enormous  disproportion  to  those 
that  fall  off  barren.  I  have  examined  plants  in  numerous 
situations,  on  heights  amid  the  dense  forest,  as  well  as  in 
open  places.  I  have  studied  them  low  down,  both  in 
sun  and  in  shade,  and  I  have  invariably  found  that  a 
very  small  proportion  of  flowers  produce  fruit.  Gener- 
ally the  pollinia  are  found  in  the  anther  after  the  fall  of 
the  flower,  but  they  are  often  absent  without  any  pollen 
being  left  in  return  on  the  stigma. 

"In  five  different  plants  (taken  at  random  from  my 
note-book),  out  ot  360  flowers  109  were  withered  with 
intact  anthers,  or  had  lost  their  pollinia,  and  were  un- 
fertilised ;  245  had  fallen  off;  six  only  had  produced 
capsules 

"My  first  acquaintance  with  Phaius  Blumei  was  in  a 
specimen  which  had  been  under  cultivation  for  about  a 
year,  but  I  have  since  found  numerous  examples,  in  a 
state  of  Nature,  presenting  the  same  appearance  in 
every  rerpect. 

"Here,  then,  we  have  an  Orchid  presenting  every 
attraction  to  insects  to  pay  the  flower  at  least  a  first 
visit  (when  they  would  find  no  nectar),  a  large  showy 
flower,  with  some  perfume  which  is  not  disagreeable,  a 
distinct  nectary,  an  attractive  labellum  embracing  the 
column,  yet  self-fertilised,  and  rarely,  if  ever,  anything 
else.  The  above  account  of  Phaius  Blumei  would  per- 
fectly suit  all  the  species  that  I  have  examined  growing 
in  their  wild  state  or  in  cultivation 

"One  of  the  most  singular  Orchids  that  has  come 
under  my  observation  is  of  a  species  unknown  to  me, 
and  nearly  related,  if  not  belonging,  to  the  genus  Chry- 
soglossum.  It  carries  the  contrivances  for  self-fertilisa- 
tion to  the  utmost  limit.  It  is  terrestrial,  has  long 
pointed  fleshy  leaves,  and  produces  a  spike  about  i  foot 
long,  with  alternate  flowers  at  short  intervals.  It  is  not 
only  self-fertilised,  but  cleistogamous.  I  first  found  it 
at  a  height  of  3000  feet,  where  I  observed  that  all  the 
flowers  were  feriihsed,  but  to  all  appearance  none  had 
ever  opened.  I  brouglit  several  plants  home  and  planted 
them  in  pots,  where  they  at  length  threw  out  new  spikes, 
which  appeared  to  be  perfectly  healthy.  The  flowers  re- 
mained as  buds  nearly  two  weeks,  during  which  the 
ovary  daily  increased  in  size  ;  then  they  shrivelled  and 
dried  up,  while  the  ovary  enlarged  to  its  full  size.  On 
opening  it  1  found  it  to  be  well  filled  with  seeds.  The 
labellum  is  beautifully  marked  with  lines  of  purple-car- 
mine ;  the  column  with  carmine  and  ycUow  ;  but  no  in- 
sect could  ever  be  fascinated  and  allured  by  its  painted 
whorls.  .  .  . 

"The great  familyof  the Vandece, [however,  seem  rarely, 
if  ever,  to  be  self-fertilised  ;  they  are  either  cross-fer- 
tilised, or  altogether  fail  to  set  seed  capsules.  Terrestrial 
Orchids  seem  more  liable  to  self-fertilisation  than  epi- 
phytic species.  .  . 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


333 


"In  the  foregoing  pages  I  have  drawn  attention  to 
the  facts  : — (i)  that  a  number  of  Orchids  with  showy 
flowers  never  set  any  seed  capsules  ;  and  (2)  have  given 
additional  examples  to  those  mentioned  by  Mr.  Darwin 
of  Orchids  of  different  genera  being  invariably  self-fer- 
tilised, and  in  many  cases  impossible  to  be  other  than 
self-fertilised  ;  I  have  also  described  the  mechanism  of 
their  fertilisation,  such  as  occurs  in  the  species  of  Phaius, 
in  P.  pathoglottis  plicata,  and  other  species  of  the  genus, 
and  especially  in  Arundina  speciosa.  Eria  albido-tomen- 
tosa  and  E.  javensis,  I  have  never  found  otherwise 
than  self-fertilised  ;  and  a  species  belonging  to  a  genus 
near  to  Chrysoglossum  I  have  shown  to  be  cleistogamous. 
The  observations  above  given  would  seem,  therefore,  to 
support  the  Rev.  G.  Henslow's  conclusions  so  ably  given 
in  his  Memoir  on  the  Self-fertilisation  of  Plants,  already 
published  in  the  Transactions  of  this  Society  (n.  s.,  vol. 
i.,  pp.  317—398,  pi.  46,  1879)." 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Trained  Pyramidal  Fruit  Trees  —  Train- 
ing AND  Pruning.  —  Apple  and  Pear  trees  of 
the  above  form  grafted  on  the  dwarfing  stocks 
are  now  very  handsome  in  some  gardens,  and 
are  also  beating  very  freely  where  they  have 
been  well  trained.  But  the  trees  are  not  always 
well  trained.  They  are  sometimes  very  badly 
managed,  and  the  fruit  produced  is  consequently  of 
poor  quality.  Some  trees  are  easily  trained  into  the 
pyramid  form,  indeed  they  take  almost  naturally 
to  it ;  others  are  not  so  easily  managed.  It  is  now  a 
good  time  to  prune  them.  Some  people  pinch  and 
cut  the  young  wood  too  early  in  the  season,  with  the 
•  result  that  a  later  growth  is  made,  which  is  not  satis- 
factory, and  buds  start  into  growth  that  ought  not  to 
do  so.  If  the  summer  pruning,  as  it  is  termed,  is  not 
done  until  the  end  of  August  or  September,  the  buds 
do  not  start  to  grow,  or  at  least,  if  they  do,  it  would 
be  to  a  very  limited  extent.  The  blossom-buds  form 
well,  and  all  the  buds  plump  up  better  when  the 
superfluous  growths  are  removed.  The  trees  have  a 
tendency  to  become  too  much  crowded  with  wood  ; 
and  it  requires  some  judgment  on  the  part  of  the  cul- 
tivator to  remove  what  is  not  requited.  But  even  a 
skilled  operator  will  know  better  how  much  wood 
ought  to  be  removed  when  the  trees  are  in  leaf  than 
they  would  in  winter  when  all  the  leaves  have  fallen. 
The  fruit  produced  near  the  centre  of  a  pyramid  or  bush 
tree  is  not  of  a  large  size  or  good  quality,  unless  the 
outer  branches  are  cut  out  to  admit  light  and  air  to 
them.  If  the  pruning  is  rightly  performed  now,  the 
trees  will  take  the  form  desired  by  the  operator  next 
season.  The  young  wood  must  be  shortened  less  or 
more  according  to  the  way  the  tree  is  furnished.  If 
there  is  plenty  of  bearing  wood,  the  ends  should  just 
be  cut  ofl'  the  young  wood,  but  if  the  bearing  wood  is 
not  sufficient  to  furnish  the  tree  the  young  wood 
must  be  well  shortened  in  proportion,  and  in  cutting 
it  is  necessary  to  observe  that  the  terminal  bud  left 
will  grow  into  an  open  space,  rather  than  into  a  part 
of  the  tree  where  it  is  not  needed.  Many  persons 
with  a  limited  experience  do  not  take  any  notice  of 
this,  and  cut  away  without  any  thought  of  the 
direction  in  which  the  main  or  terminal  growth  will 
develope  itself.  Sometimes  I  have  pruned  the  trees 
when  the  fruit  has  been  gathered,  at  other  times  before. 
Not  infrequently  the  young  wood  both  on  Apple  and 
Pear  trees  is  so  dense  and  covered  with  leafage,  that 
the  fruit  is  not  sufficiently  exposed  to  the  sun  until  it 
has  been  removed.  J,  Douglas. 

Cherries  under  Glass. 

The  Cherry  tree  as  a  standard  in  the  open  air  is 
seldom  found  to  be  satisfactory,  the  bloom  being  so 
frequently  destroyed  by  late  spring  frost.  And  even 
in  very  favourable  seasons,  when  a  crop  has  been  so 
far  secured,  there  is  in  most  localities  a  great  difficulty 
in  protecting  it  from  the  ravages  of  birds.  This 
is  more  easily  accomplished,  it  is  true,  when  the 
trees  are  trained  to  walls,  but  even  when  grown  in 
this  form  the  crop  frequently  suffers  from  the  effects 
of  inclement  weather  in  spring.  I  am  alluding  to  the 
varieties  of  the  sweet  Cherry.  As  regards  the  Morello 
variety,  it  is  different  ;  it  blooms  later,  and  it  is 
possible  that  its  flowers  can  resist  the  spring  frosts 
better  than  the  flowers  of  the  sweet  sorts,  at  all 
events  the  crop  of  Morellos  seldom  altogether  fails, 
and  birds  are  less  likely  to  attack  them,  although 
they  will  occasionally  do  so,  if  the  fruit  is  allowed  to 
hang  upon  the  trees  alter  it  is  quite  ripe,  when  the 
protection  of  a  net  is  found  necessary. 

But,  as  regards  the  varieties  of  the  sweet  Cherry, 
which  are  so  delicious,  and  so  generally  esteemed  as 


a  fruit,  they  are  without  doubt  well  worthy  of  the 
protection    ol    glass,    and    as    your    correspondent 
"  Cerasus  "  says,    "  Why  not  have  Cherry-houses  as 
well  as  Peach-houses  ? " 
As  has  been  frequently  shown,  the  Cherry  may,  like 


the  Peach  and  other  fruit  trees,  be  grown  in  pots 
under  glass,  but  to  successfully  cultivate  fruit  trees  in 
pots,  unremitting  attention  in  the  matter  of  watering, 
&c.,  is  necessary.  And  they  are  found  to  be,  at  least, 
equally  successfully  grown,  and  with  less  trouble, 
when  the  trees  are  planted  out,  in  properly  prepared 
borders  or  beds  of  soil. 


I  have  had  some  experience  in  growing  the  Cherry, 
as  well  as  the  Peach,  &c.,  according  to  both  methods, 
but  must  admit  that  I  greatly  prefer  the  latter,  that  is, 
planting  out  the  trees. 

In  a  large  unheated  span- roofed  structure,  at  one 
time  uiider  my  charge,  the  finest  varielies  of  the 
sweet  Cherry,  together  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines, 
were  planted  out  and  successfully  grown  in  the  form 
of  standards.  The  various  varieties  of  the  Cherry 
bore  freely,  while  from  similar  trees  of  the  same 
varieties  planted  in  the  open  air,  little  or  no  fruit 
could  be  obtained. 

The  Peach  and  Nectarine  trees  in  the  form  of 
standards  and  pyramids  bore  also  good  crops  of  fruit, 
but  this  fruit  was  always  found  to  be  inferior  to  the 
fruit  of  similar  varieties  planted  out  in  an  in  all 
respects  similar  structure,  where  the  trees  instead 
of  being  in  the  form  of  standards,  were  trained  under 
the  roof  at  a  distance  of  20  inches  from  the  glass. 

This  circumstance  leads  me  to  think  that  Cherry 
trees  trained  in  this  fashion  will  be  likely  to  produce 
finer  fruit  than  that  produced  by  trees  in  the  bush  or 
standard  form.  The  Cherry,  whether  out-of-doors  or 
under  glass,  frequently  suffers  severely  from  the 
attacks  of  the  black  or  Cherry-fly,  and  the  trees 
trained  in  the  form  recommeded  will  be  found  to  be 
more  readily  freed  from  this  pest  by  fumigation  or 
the  use  of  the  sjringe  than  when  grown  in  the  bush 
form,  whether  under  glass  or  in  the  open  air. 

It  will  be  admitted  that  if  any  of  our  hardy  fruits 
are  deserving  of  increased  attention  it  is  the  Cherry, 
which  has  even  in  some  respects  the  advantage  of  the 
Peach  and  the  Nectarine,  inasmuch  as  the  fruit  of  the 
Cherry  when  quite  ripe  will  not  fall  from  the  trees,  as 
is  the  case  with  the  two  former  fruits,  but  will  con- 
tinue to  hang  upon  the  trees  in  good  condition  for  a 
length  of  time.  And  it  is  somewhat  strange  to  think 
that  this  delicious  fruit  is  not  more  generally  grown 
in  the  form  referred  to  than  appears  to  be  the  case. 
P.  G. 

Flavour  in  Pears. 

It  is  hard  to  see  how  a  classification  by  flavour  is 
to  be  effected,  No  doubt  Williams'  Bon  Chretien, 
Seckle,  Tillington,  Beurte  d'Aremberg,  Gansel's 
Bergamot,  and  others,  are  quite  distinct,  as  regards 
flavour,  from  the  general  run  of  Pears,  and  in  most 
cases  from  each  other.  But  how  is  their  flavour  to  be 
termed  1  There  is  nothing  exactly  like.  Musky  is  an 
example,  and  has  the  merit  of  antiquity,  being  used 
by  Parkinson.  Buttery  is  tantamount  to  mellow,  and 
vinous  to  very  juicy.  The  flavour  of  such  Pears  as 
the  above  is  known  to  everybody  who  has  any  know- 
ledge of  pomology,  and  must  be  enumerated  in  any 
description  to  distinguish  them  from  the  "  reasonable 
faire  and  good  Peares  "  which  have  no  such  relish.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  get  three  Pears,  differing  in 
outward  appearance  and  time  of  ripening,  that  could 
be  classed  together  as  regards  flavour,  except  under 
such  epithets  as  melting,  which  if  a  Pear  is  not,  it  is 
hardly  worth  growing.  The  best  method  of  classifica- 
tion is,  after  all,  the  time  of  ripening.  The  peculiarities 
in  this  respect,  and  long- keeping  qualities,  could  be 
well  studied  if  exhibitors,  and  those  who  really  de- 
sire to  make  the  report  of  stable  value,  would  con- 
tinue to  send  collections  of  ripe  fruit  to  the  Fruit 
Committee  throughout  the  winter,  and  not  only  to 
the  Congress.  The  influence  of  stock  on  scion  ought 
to  form  an  especial  feature  of  utility  to  the  Congress, 
and  the  facts  educed,  together  with  the  influences  of 
soil  on  quality,  put  into  a  connected  and  readable 
chapter.   C.  A.  M.  C. 


FRUIT    GROWING    AND    JAM 

MAKING. 
If  the  men  who  farm  the  broad  acres  of  England 
had  been  naturally  the  veriest  dullards  to  their  own 
interests  the  world  ever  saw,  it  might  have  been  sup- 
posed that,  with  the  never-ending  advice  vouchsafed  to 
them,  they  would  have  been  able  to  see  their  way  as 
to  what  they  should  do  to  make  the  land  pay.  The 
most  amazing  thing  connected  with  the  subject  is  that 
one  rarely  meets  with  afairly  intelligent  individual,  no 
matter  what  his  calling  or  occupation  may  be,  even  if 
he  does  not  know  a  clod-crusher  from  a  winnowing- 
machine,  or  is  unable  to  distinguish  the  difference  be- 
twixt a  crop  of  Mangels  and  another  of  Turnips,  still 
he  considers  himself  quite  capable  of  telling  you  what 
the  farmers  ought  to  do  with  a  view  to  their  own 
benefit  and  the  prosperity  of  the  country.  If  corn, 
the  staple  commodity  in  all  countries  where  agricul- 


334 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Septemder  12,  1885. 


ture  flourishes,  does  not  pay,  they  are  children 
for  their  stupidity  in  not  giving  up  corn  growing, 
and  confining  their  attention  to  live  stoclt.  If 
foreign  competition,  and  cattle  disease,  make  this 
a  risky  proceeding,  they  are  reminded  that  they  should 
cultivate  vegetables  and  fruit.  Yet  the  would-be 
monitors  never  seem  to  have  given  a  thought  as  to 
the  comparatively  little  that  can  be  done  in  this  latter 
direction  before  the  limits  of  production  exceeding 
demand  are  reached.  If  proof  of  this  were  wanting 
it  is  now  presented  in  a  way  that  admits  of  no  mis- 
take by  what  has  followed  the  extension  of  fruit  cul- 
ture in  a  single  district  in  Kent,  at  and  about  Swanley, 
St.  Mary  Cray,  and  the  surrounding  parts,  where,  in 
addition  to  the  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  and  Cherries 
that  have  long  been  grown.  Strawberry  and  Rasp- 
berry cultivation  of  late  years  have  been  largely 
increased,  with  the  result  that  prices  have  been  so 
reduced  that  after  the  cost  of  production  is  deducted 
the  profits  remaining  are  insufficient.  To  meet  this 
state  of  matters  one  of  the  largest  growers,  Mr.  Wood, 
of  Woodlands  Farm,  Crockenhill,  Swanley,  has  this 
year  started  an  extensive  factory  adjacent  to  Swanley 
station,  so  as  to  be  able  to  convert  the  fruit  he  grows 
into  jam,  in  place  of,  as  hitherto,  like  other  growers, 
having  to  dispose  of  it  to  the  jam-makers.  The 
structure  is  built  of  bricks,  and  is  a  very  good-looking 
substantial  erection  ;  it  was  completed  during  the 
spring  of  this  year,  and  the  requisite  plant  put  in 
ready  to  commence  operations  when  the  earliest  fruit, 
Strawberries,  &c.,  were  ripe. 

The  boiling-house  is  a  large  roomy  place  on  the 
ground  floor,  with  fifteen  copper  boilers  ranged  in  line 
on  one  side.  The  process  is  effected  by  steam,  to  pro- 
vide which  a  6o-horse  power  boiler  has  been  put 
down  in  a  shed  adjoining  the  boiling-house  ;  from  this 
the  main  pipes  conveying  the  steam  are  carried  along 
under  where  the  boilers  are  placed.  The  arrange- 
ment is  such  that  a  branch  pipe  connected  with  the 
main  can  easily  be  attached  to,  or  detached  from,  each 
of  the  boilers ;  these  branch  pipes  are  provided  with 
taps,  so  that  the  volume  of  steam  can  be  regulated  at 
will.  The  sugar  is  first  put  in  the  boilers  with  a  little 
water  to  liquify  it ;  the  steam  is  then  turned  on,  and  in 
about  two  minutes  it  is  reduced  to  a  clear,  transparent 
syrup  ;  during  this  time  it  is  kept  stirred,  the  fruit  is 
then  put  in,  and  in  a  few  seconds  is  boiling  furiously  ; 
it  is  kept  stirred  until  boiled  sufliciently  with  a 
long  flat  utensil  of  polished  wood,  in  shape  like 
the  paddle  of  a  canoe,  with  which  the  attendant  on 
each  boiler  is  provided.  When  boiled  sufliciently 
it  is  removed  to  another  big  room  adjoining,  where  it 
is  put  in  the  jars  ;  after  cooling  it  is  sent  up  to  the 
second  storey,  where  making-upand  labelling  is  done. 
About  seventy  hands  are  employed,  most  of  them 
young  women,  who  do  the  lighter  work  of  picking  the 
fruit,  and  making  it  up.  The  boiling  is  done  by  men, 
under  an  experienced  foreman. 

It  is  quick  work  all  through.  Plums  were  the  fruit 
in  hand  on  the  day  of  my  visit ;  they  were  gathered 
that  morning,  and  came  to  hand  covered  with  their 
blue  bloom,  and  in  fifteen  minutes  from  the  time  the 
sugar  was  put  in  the  boiler  the  steam  was  shut  off, 
and  the  boiling  completed.  As  soon  as  cool  enough 
the  jam  was  put  in  the  jars,  allowed  to  stand  a  short 
time,  and  then  the  capsules,  made  of  vegetable  parch- 
ment, were  put  on,  and  tied  down  as  tight  as  the 
head  of  a  drum,  and  the  labels  denoting  the  kind  of  fruit 
the  jars  contained  were  attached  ;  with  this  the  pro- 
cess was  complete,  and  the  jam  ready  for  packing,  to 
be  sent  away  the  same  evening.  The  packing-shed 
attached  to  the  main  building  occupies  a  large  space, 
admitting  of  the  carts  and  waggons  being  loaded  and 
unloaded  under  cover. 

Strawberries,  Raspberries,  Gooseberries,  Red  Cur- 
rants, Black  Currants,  Green  Gages,  Apricots,  Dam- 
sons, and  coloured  Plums,  are  each  preserved 
separately.  No  mixtures  of  any  kind  are  made  except 
one  of  Apples  and  Plums,  and  the  household  jam, 
which  is  a  mixture  of  whatever  fruits  are  ripe  at  the 
same  time.  The  sugar  used  is  all  of  the  best  quality, 
superfine  Dutch  crushed,  and  American  granulated. 
The  sizes  of  the  jars  are  14  lb.,  7  lb,  and  4  lb., 
glazed  earthenware  ;  14  lb.  and  7  lb.  tins,  3  lb.,  2  lb., 
and  I  lb.  glass  jars.  Jelly  of  different  kinds  is  put  in 
I  lb.,  4  lb  ,  and  \  lb.  glasses.  Nothing  in  its  way 
could  be  finer  than  the  different  kinds  of  fruit,  as  seen 
in  the  glass  jars,  with  much  of  it  showing  its  natural 
form,  so  different  from  the  indescribable  "smash  " 
often  met  with.  The  jelly  is  as  clear  as  the  "  moulds  " 
turned  out  by  a  first-class  confectioner.  A  large 
amount  of  fruit  has  been  got  through— 260  tons  of 


jam  were  made  in  July,  and  only  something  less  in 
August,  and  the  work  will  be  continued  until  the  last 
of  the  Plums  are  over. 

Mr.  Wood,  besides  the  Swanley  Farm,  has  two 
others — Greatness  Parm,  at  Sevenoaks  ;  and  Horn 
Park  Farm,  Lee.  Altogether  he  has  250  acres 
devoted  to  the  various  kinds  of  fruit.  All  the  fruit 
that  has  been  converted  into  jam  and  jelly  during  the 
summer  his  been  his  own  growing  except  a  few 
Plums,  and  in  addition  70  tons  of  Strawberries  were 
sold.  Nineteen  tons  of  Raspberries  were  gathered  in 
one  day.  Even  those  who  have  some  knowledge  of 
fruit  growing  will  have  a  difficulty  in  fully  realising 
the  amount  of  labour  that  has  to  be  employed  in  the 
gathering  alone  when  such  figures  as  the  above  are 
taken  into  account. 

Much  is  often  said,  and  possibly  not  without  some 
cause,  about  the  mysterious  materials  of  which  some 
jam  is  composed,  and  about  the  stale  half-rotten  state 
of  the  fruit  when  it  reaches  the  makers  ;  but  here,  as 
already  said,  every  kind  is  kept  separate  except  the 
two  mixtures  named.  The  superiority  of  jam  when 
made,  as  here,  from  fruit  fresh  gathered  and  virtually 
grown  on  the  spot,  is  so  obvious  as  to  need  no  com- 
ment. The  whole  process  is  carried  out  with  scru- 
pulous cleanliness  ;  the  floor  of  the  boiling  house  is 
composed  of  channelled  vitrified  bricks  laid  in  con- 
crete, and  is  daily  scrubbed  and  flushed  with 
water.  Mr.  Wood's  undertaking  is  a  move  in 
the  right  direction,  which  is  to  bring  the  producer 
and  the  consumer  nearer  together,  which  is  a  matter 
of  vital  importance  in  these  days  when  the  cultivators 
of  the  land  are  under  a  cloud  of  depression,  through 
which  unfortunately  there  is  no  break  discernible.  A 
word  may  be  said  about  the  trade  mark  on  the  labels 
of  the  jars  of  jam — a  traction  engine.  This  has  some 
connection  with  a  successful  enterprise  Mr.  Wood  em- 
barked in  some  years  ago,  and  still  continues.  When 
cultivation  by  steam  came  into  vogue  he  began  with 
several  engines  to  plough  and  scarify  for  others  in 
addition  to  what  he  required  in  this  way  himself. 
The  business  has  gone  on  extending  until  he  has  now 
between  thirty  and  forty  of  these  engines,  which  be- 
sides cultivating  the  land  may  be  seen  on  the  roads  in 
the  surrounding  district,  hauling  manure,  gravel  for 
the  roads,  builders'  materials,  or  anything  of  a  like 
description.    T.  B. 


fird|i(l  Wot^a  and  iltaniup. 


CYRTOPODIUM  PUNCTATUM. 
Pseudobulbs  3  feet  high.  Leaves  sheathing, 
broadly  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Flowers  very  numer- 
ous, in  erect  branching  panicles,  at  the  base  of  which 
are  lanceolate  undulate  bracts  marked  like  the  sepals, 
and  producing  an  appearance  as  if  they  were  detached 
sepals.  ICach  tlower  is  about  2  inches  across  ;  sepals 
greenish,  undulate,  marked  with  narrow  crowded 
transverse  brown  blotches ;  petals  of  like  form,  yellow ; 
lip  3-lobed,  lateral  lobes  erect,  rounded,  chocolate- 
brown,  anterior  lobe  rounded,  yellow,  with  marginal 
brown  spots.  A  specimen  in  the  collection  of  E.  J. 
Partington,  Esq.,  Heaton  House,  Cheshunt,  4  feet 
high,  bore  a  panicle  containing  175  expanded  flowers, 
Orchid  Album,  t.  202. 

L.liLIA  CRISPA. 
On  page  214  of  August  15,  I  see  "  B.  T.  L."  finds 
this  plant  "not  easy  to  manage."  I  cannot 
agree  viih  this,  and  as  it  it  one  of  my  pet  Orchids, 
permit  me  to  defend  it.  Treat  the  plant  like  L. 
purpurata  and  it  will  thrive.  It  has  always  been, 
to  my  mind,  a  regularly  conducted  species  as  to  its 
flowering.  We  count  on  its  blooms  at  a  stated  lime, 
almost  as  if  it  were  a  calendar  point.  De  B.  Crawshay. 

EriDENDRUM    PRISMATOCARPUM. 

I  have  lately  had  a  plant  of  this  in  bloom  (of 
which  I  sent  you  a  spike  with  forty  blooms),  with 
twelve  spikes,  carrying  respectively  24,  26,  y:i,  31, 
33.  35.  39,  40,  41.  4'.  41.  and  43  blooms.  I  thick 
"B.  T.  L."  underrates  this  fine  species  when  he  says, 
at  page  295,  it  "bears  from  eighteen  to  twenty 
flowers."  My  plant,  though  a  very  fine  one,  has 
narrow  lips,  yet  more  than  one  good  judge  has  pro- 
nounced it  to  be  the  finest  they  ever  saw.  I  hope 
"  B.  T.  L."  will  pardon  a  correction,  as  I  feel  sure 


he  would   not  like  to  misrepresent  Orchids.    De  B. 

Crawshay . 

OnCIDIUM    ROGERS!. 

Mr.  Lee  has  found  out  how  to  grow  this  plant.  Tie 
it  down  to  a  board,  hang  it  up  horizontally  near  the 
glass,  and  keep  it  wet.  So  treated  it  grows  well, 
and  flowers  abundantly.  It  will  not  do  either  freely 
if  treated  otherwise. 

Masdevallia  chim.t.ra. 
Accompanying  a  figure  of  this  remarkable  species 
in  the  Orchid  AWum,  t.  203,  we  find  the  following 
suggestive  hints  as  to  the  culture  :— "  We  find  the 
plants  of  this  group  of  Masdevallias  to  thrive  best  in 
baskets,  or  in  a  kind  of  boat-shaped  arrangement, 
made  after  the  manner  of  a  basket,  with  a  semi- 
circular bottom  and  wooden  ends,  as  their  flower- 
spikes  often  protrude  between  the  woodwork  ;  it  is 
indeed  natural  to  some  of  the  species  to  bloom  in  this 
way,  which  also  shows  the  flowers  off  to  better 
advantage.  The  basket  should  not  be  large— just  a 
little  larger  than  the  plant  ;  and  as  a  compost,  rough 
fibrous  peat  on  a  little  sphagnum  moss  seems  to  suit 
them,  with  sufiicient  drainage  to  admit  of  a  good 
supply  of  water  being  given  in  their  growing  season. 
Even  when  at  rest  the  material  should  be  kept  moist, 
as  they  have  no  thick  fleshy  pseudobulbs  to  support 
them,  which  makes  them  impatient  of  drought.  They 
thrive  best  suspended  from  the  roof,  but  shaded  from 
the  sun,  as  the  leaves  are  apt  to  get  scorched  and  turn 
yellow  if  exposed.  The  cool  Odontoglossum-house 
suits  them,  but  we  keep  ours  in  the  warmest  part  of 
it.  They  are  propagated  by  dividing  the  plant  when 
in  vigorous  health.  It  is  very  necessary  to  keep  these 
plants  free  from  insects." 

Odontoglossum  Krameri. 
This  species,  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach 
in  our  columns  in  1S6S,  is  figured  in  the  last  number 
of  the  Illustralion  Horlicoie,  t.  562.  The  flowers 
are  borne  in  racemes  from  the  base  of  the  roundish 
two  edged  pseudobulb.  Each  flower  is  flatfish, 
\\  inch  across,  with  while  oblong  segments ;  lip 
narrow  at  the  base,  dilated  in  front,  with  a  reniform 
blade,  while,  flushed  vith  pink.  It  is  a  native  of 
Costa  Rica. 


HOYA    GRIFFITMII,    HoOK.  F.* 

This  very  hne  species  was  sent  to  me  (through  the 
Editor  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle),  in  July,  1S79.  by 
Mr.  W.  Swan,  of  Fallowfield,  Manchester,  for  a 
name.  At  that  time  it  was  undescribed,  and  it  was 
intended  to  figure  it  in  these  columns,  but  a  good 
specimen  was  not  forthcoming,  and  now  a  specimen 
has  been  again  received  from  the  same  source,  and 
will  be  figured  in  the  Bolanical  Magazine  ;  but  as 
the  plate  may  not  appear  for  some  lime,  I  lake  the 
opportunity  of  calling  attention  to  it  here,  as  it  is  one 
of  the  finest  species  in  the  genus.  It  is  a  native  of 
Khasia,  in  North-eastern  India,  where  it  wasoriginally 
discovered  by  Griffith,  and  afterwards  collected  there 
at  an  altitude  of  2000  feet,  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker. 
Concerning  the  plant  in  cultivation,  Mr.  Swan, 
writing  in  1S79,  states  that  it  "was  sent  with  a 
quantity  of  Orchids,  &c.,  about  three  years  ago,  to 
Mr.  Leach,  from  "  Northern  India." 

Hoya  Griffithii  is  a  large  climbing  species,  with 
oblong  leaves  3J — 6  inches  long,  4  — 14  inch  broad, 
narrowed  to  an  acuminate  apex  and  an  acute  base, 
glabrous,  as  is  the  entire  plant,  bright  green  above, 
paler  beneath.  Peduncles  stout,  2  inches  long ;  pedicels 
14  inch  long,  stout.  Calyx  segments  spreading,  green, 
\  inch  long,  2  — 2^  lines  broad,  oblong  obtuse,  concave 
from  the  margins,  being  strongly  incurved.  Corolla 
when  expanded  about  li  inch  in  diameter,  pale  reddish 
outside,  cream-coloured,  tinted  with  the  same  reddish 
hue  inside ;  the  lobes  are  broadly  ovate,  acute. 
Corona  waxy-white,  the  segments  elliptic  in  outline 
as  seen  from  above,  with  ascending  subulate  apices, 
the  sides  are  perpendicular  with  the  upper  edge  over- 
hanging at  the  back,  and  beneath  at  the  base  they 
have  a  A-shaped  notch. 

This  species  is  at  once  well  distinguished  by  its 
unusually  large  calyx  segments.  The  rather  delicate 
red  tint  of  the  corolla  is  somewhat  diflicult  to  describe 
intelligibly,  but  perhaps  the  nearest  well-known 
colour-tint  is  that  of  red  blotting-paper  diluted.  N.  E. 
Brnun. 

*  Hoya  Griffithii,   Hook,  f,  In  Hook.  Fiora  !ndica,  vol.  iv 


Sei'TemUeR  i2,  1SS5.I 


THE     GARDENERS'     CFIRONICLE. 


335 


"  T,  ViT-^ 


m^ 


llopis'    floicerrj. 


THE    GLADIOLUS. 

We  were  again  favoured  with  a  very  fine  display  of 
this  beautiful  aulumn  flower  at  the  Crystal  Palace  ex- 
hibition on  September  4  The  amateur  growers  did 
not  come  out  in  great  numbers,  but  those  who  did 
exhibit  had  reason  to  be  proud  of  their  productions. 
Perhaps  the  best  dozen  spikes  ever  exhibited  by  an 
amateur  were  those  that  easily  gained  the  first  prize 
to  the  Rev.  II.  H.  D'Ombrain.  I  question  if  it 
would  have  been  possible  to  have  picked  a  dozen 
such  spikes  out  of  the  large  trade  collection  adjoining. 
One  spike  of  the  good  old  variety,  Meyerbeer,  had 
thirteen  open  flowers  on  it.  Murillo  was  superb  ;  it 
is  a  fine  variety,  the  flowers  large  in  size,  well  formed, 
of  a  rich  rose  colour,  flaked  rosy-crimson.  Leander, 
soft  pale  lilac,  a  delicious  contrast  to  the  more  richly 
coloured  forms.  Flamboyant,  rich  vermilion  ;  Ile^- 
peride,  pale  salmon,  densely  striped  rosy-salmon. 
Besides  the  above,  which  were  of  great  merit,  the 
same  exhibitor  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for 
Ribout,  a  very  fine  seedling,  of  a  distinct  pale  lilac 
colour,  flamed  purplish,  a  long  spike  with  well  formed 
flowers, 

Messrs.  Kelway,  of  Langport,  exhibited  some  very 
distinct  seedlings  in  their  large  collection.  Three  of 
them  being  awarded  First-class  Certificates,  viz.  :  — 
Princess  Maud,  the  best  and  most  distinct  of  the  trio  ;  it 
has  large  flowers  well  placed  on  the  spike,  the  colour 
is  rosy-purple,  with  a  white  line,  or  band  of  white,  in 
the  centre  of  each  segment  ;  there  is  also  a  white 
blotch  on  the  lip.  Dora  Thorne,  straw  colour,  with 
reddiih  flame  and  a  reddish  blotch  on  the  lip.  Lord 
K.  Churchill,  vermilion,  with  botch  of  lake  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  throat. 

The  ist  prize  in  the  large  class  was  again  won  by 
Mr.  Alex.  A.  Campbell,  florist,  Gourock,  N.B.  The 
collection  as  a  whole  was  inferior  to  that  exhibited  by 
him  last  year  ;  but  it  contained  some  splendid  spikes, 
mostly  of  the  older  French  raised  varieties.  Indeed  I 
was  greatly  surprised  on  comparing  some  of  the  older 
varieties,  such  as  Meyerbeer,  Horace  Vernet,  Celimene, 
Mons.  Legouve,  Norma,  Orpheus,  &c. ,  which  can  be 
purchased  at  6(/.  to  9^/.  each,  with  the  new  ones  at 
from  6j.  to  10^.  each  ;  and  did  not  find  any  points  in 
favour  of  the  recent  introductions.  It  is  some  satis- 
faction to  intending  cultivators  to  know  that  a  good 
selection  can  be  made  at  from  6/.  to  \2s.  a  dozen.  In 
Mr.  Campbell's  collection  I  noted  Maiquis  of  Luthian, 
a  variety  raised  in  Scotland  ;  it  is  of  a  rich  lilac  colour, 
has  a  very  handsome  spike,  and  so  easily  propagated 
that  Mr.  Campbell  has  increased  his  stock  of  it  to 
1600  bulbs.  Ondine,  a  distinct  white,  with  violet- 
purple  blotch,  is  sold  at  10./.  a  bulb  ;  and  Belladonna, 
which  I  marked  as  the  best  formed  flowers  with  hand- 
some spike,  is  sold  at  \s.  dd,  for  good  bulbs.  This 
is  all  evidence  that  a  good  collection  can  be  formed 
by  those  to  whom  even  an  extra  shilling  or  two  is  an 
object.  In  looking  over  a  collection  such  as  this  one 
naturally  forms  the  different  varieties  into  groups  uf 
allied  colours,  and  I  found  amongst  those  compara- 
tively cheap  varieties  ample  material  to  produce 
seedlings  of  first-class  merit.  Murillo,  for  instance, 
which  would  have  gained  the  premium  as  the  best 
spike  in  the  show,  is  one  of  the  cheapest.  Leda  is 
in  the  same  class,  and  very  fine.  Lulli,  Lady  Brid- 
port,  De  Mirbel,  and  Orpheus  are  six  cheap  varieties 
that  cannot  be  matched  for  quality  amongst  the  best 
new  ones  of  allied  colours.  Of  the  deep  red,  crim- 
son, and  scarlet  shades  Horace  Vernet  still  stands  first. 
Marechal  Bazaine  is  a  distinct  and  striking  kind  — 
scarlet  and  white.  Le  Vesuve  is  not  a  large  kind, 
but  of  dazzling  brightness.  Of  the  white  or  blush- 
white  kinds  Ondine  ought  to  be  the  parent  of  some 
grand  while  varieties  if  used  as  a  pollen  parent  for 
crossing  with  Madame  Desportes,  Princess  Mary  of 
Cambridge,  and  Norma.  It  is  now  late  to  hybridise 
the  flowers,  but  it  would  depend  much  upon  the 
weather  during  the  remainder  of  September  and 
October  ;  if  it  is  dry  and  not  too  cold  the  seeds  will 
ripen.  In  cold  districts  it  is  best  to  plant  early  where 
it  is  intended  to  obtain  seeds  from  the  plants.  J. 
Douglas, 


P^iUITS     ^VnOEF^     ^Qx^AgS. 


THE  EARLY  VINERY. 
Early  forced  Vines,  such  as  were  started  last 
December  and  January,  wi!l  by  this  time  be  in  a  fit 
condition  to  be  pruned,  and  if  the  Vines  are  to  be 
forced  again  the  ensuing  season,  the  sooner  this  opera- 
tion is  performed  the  better.  If  at  any  time  doubt 
should  exist  as  to  the  fitnes3  of  Vines  to  be  pruned, 
it  can  at  any  time  be  readily  removed  by  means 
of  cutting  back  a  tjrowth  or  two  on  each  Vine  ; 
if  bleeding  does  not  ensue,  the  pruning  can  safely  be 
done.  When,  ihis  matter  is  completed,  the  cleaning 
of  the  Vines  ihould  be  effected.  This  is  an  operation 
which  in  late  years  is  considerably  altered  in  practice, 
as  formerly  it  was  customary,  generaHy  speaking, 
to  remove  every  particle  of  bark  possible  off  ihe  Vines, 
and  then  smear  them  over  with  mixtures  composed 
of  ditiferent  ingredier.ts,  which  in  most  instances,  in 
the  course  of  syringing  when  forcing  was  commenced, 
was  washed  off  again.  But  now-a-days  the  method 
(very  properly  in  my  opinion)  is  nearly  abolished, 
and  is  substituted  by  one  more  consonant  with  the 
requirements  of  Nature,  by  simply  washing  them  with 
a  brush,  with  a  strong  solution  of  soft-soap  and  water, 
merely  removing  the  loose  bark,  and  giving  the  Vines 
ihe  benelit  of  the  rest,  for  the  purpose  which 
was  intended  by  Nature,  In  certain  cases,  as 
for  instance  where  the  Vines  are  infested  wilh 
mealy-bug  or  ihrips,  more  severe  measures  must  of 
necessity  be  employed.  The  next  operation  demand- 
ing attention  here  will  be  the  cleansing  of  the  struc- 
ture so  as  to  frea  it  from  insect  pests.  This  year, 
owing  to  the  favourable  nature  of  the  season  for  the 
increase  and  diffusion  of  insects,  the  matter  will  need 
even  more  than  ordinary  care  and  attention.  Firstly, 
the  woodwork  of  the  structure  should  be  washed 
with  strong  soft-soap  and  water,  and  then  be 
painted  —  painting  is  one  of  the  best  means  to 
adopt  under  the  circumstances.  The  walls  also 
should  be  washed  over  with  hot  lime  water,  in 
which  a  little  paraffin  oil  should  be  mixed.  Sub- 
sequently take  away  one,  two,  or  three  inches  off 
the  surface  of  the  borders,  taking  care  not  to  injure 
more  than  possible  the  roots  which  abound  there, 
because  these,  after  the  new  material  it  is  added, 
and  the  t fleet  of  forcing  is  felt,  will  speedily  be  ex- 
cited into  growth  again,  and  become  active  feeders, 
the  effect  of  having  a  congenial  medium  to  work  in. 
When  the  foregoing  operations  are  completed,  keep 
the  house  open,  unless  the  weather  is  exceptionally 
severe,  until  the  time  arrives  when  forcing  operations 
are  to  be  commenced,  which  now-a-days,  owing  to 
the  excellent  means  adopted  for  keeping  late  Grapes, 
need  not  be  enforced  before  the  beginning  of  Decem- 
ber at  Ihe  earliest.    G.   T.  MiUs,   IVycomhe  Abbey. 


|In!   |ni;dn   |i;uit  |artl(in. 


Where  a  large  area  of  ground  is  devoted  to  hardy 
fruit  cultivation  much  attention  will  have  to  be  given 
to  the  storing,  and  in  some  cases  to  the  marketing  of 
the  fruit.  It  is  no  use  storing  away  great  quantities 
of  early  varieties  of  Apples  or  Pears  ;  and  Plums  are 
more  perishable  still.  All  of  these  should  be  packed  for 
market  before  they  are  over- ripe  ;  the  firmer  they  are 
packed  the  better  they  travel.  It  is  much  better  to 
err  on  the  safe  side,  by  packing  very  firm,  as  the 
contents  will  always  bear  a  journey  best  when  the 
hampers  are  securely  packed.  Many  varieties  of  the 
above  will  require  going  over  almost  every  day,  and 
picking  off  the  largest  and  best  each  time.  Last  week 
we  went  over  a  large  number  of  Plum  trees  (Vic- 
torias), and  gathered  all  the  largest  and  ripest  only; 
to-day  those  that  were  left  have  been  gathered,  and 
they  have  swelled  and  ripened  off  considerably.  Had 
they  been  gathered  last  week  they  would  have  been 
almost  worthless  through  being  so  small  and  deficient 
in  colour.  The  same  rule  applies  to  Apples  and 
Pears,  although  it  may  not  be  so  perceptible  in  such 
a  short  time. 

Flies  and  wasps  are  often  very  destructive  during 
this  month  to  ripe  and  ripening  fruit,  not  only  from  the 
amount  they  eat,  but  also  from  what  they  damage 
render  unfit  for  storing,  or  selling.     A  very  simple 


method  of  destroying  them  is  the  well-known  plan  of 
fixing  two  hand-glasses  one  on  the  top  of  the  other, 
with  a  small  hole  in  the  top  of  the  bottom  one.  They 
fly  up,  and  cannot  find  their  way  out  again.  Some 
small  and  half-decayed  fruit  should  be  placed  under 
the  lights  every  day. 

Wall  Trees. 
Wall  trees  should  be  looked  over  weekly,  and  all 
secondary  shoots  that  may  have  pushed  out  removed 
— not  cut  back,  but  entirely  removed — as  after  this 
date  there  is  not  much  danger  of  the  trees  making 
another  growth. 

Orchards. 

Those  that  require  filling  up  or  renovating  should 
now  be  thoroughly  overhauled  ;  and  where  it  is  in- 
tended to  plant  young  trees  in  established  orchards 
where  trees  have  died,  or  where  unsuitable  varieties 
are  to  be  replaced,  great  care  should  be  taken  to  have 
all  old  roots  and  stumps  removed,  and  the  ground  for 
a  certain  distance  well  trenched  and  broken  up, 
always  leaving  the  bottom  spit,  but  breaking  it 
thoroughly  up,  and  when  required  adding  manure. 
Where  possible  it  is  always  advisable  to  add  a  cart- 
load or  two  of  fresh  soil  round  each  tree.  For 
planting  enclosed  spaces,  where  the  ground  can  be 
kept  under  cultivation,  I  much  prefer  planting  pyra- 
mid or  bush  Apples  on  the  Paradise,  and  Pears  on 
the  (Juince  stock.*  Where  planting  is  intended  during 
the  autumn  it  is  always  advisable  to  pay  a  visit  to 
some  good  fruit  tree  nurseiy  early  in  the  autumn. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  early  autumn  is  the  very  best 
time  to  plant  fruit  trees  where  the  ground  can  be  got 
ready  to  receive  them.  jf.  S?nilh,  Mentmore,  Bucks, 


ONIONS. 
The  spring  sown  Onion  crop,  if  not  already  pulled 
up,  and  preparations  made  for  storing  the  bulbs, 
should  now  receive  attention  during  favourable  drying 
weather.  The  bulbs  are  not  so  large  as  usual,  but 
firm  and  sound,  and  will  keep  well.  In  the  first 
instance  the  crop  should  be  looked  over  and  all  stiff- 
necked  bulbs  removed  from  the  bulk  ;  these  should  be 
placed  a^ide  for  immediate  use.  The  tops  are  not 
gross  this  season,  and  a  few  sunny  days  after  the 
bulbs  have  been  pulled  up  and  laid  out,  will  render 
them  fit  for  storing.  After  the  tops  are  dried  they 
may  be  reduced  according  to  the  method  of  keeping 
them  through  the  winter.  If  they  are  placed  on  the 
floor  of  an  airy  loft  the  tops  may  be  cut  off  much 
shorter  than  for  bunching  or  roping. 

Autumn  Cabbage  Planting,  &c. 

It  is  an  old  practice  to  place  the  above  crop  (at  the 
end  of  .September)  on  the  ground  from  which  the 
spring  sown  Onions  were  cleared.  Wherever  they 
are  placed  the  ground  should  be  well  enriched  with 
farmyard  or  artificial  manure.  When  time  admits 
the  plants  are  best  placed  in  shallow  drills.  After  the 
plants  have  made  a  little  growth,  the  drills  can  be 
filled  in  when  hoeing,  and  the  additional  soil  about 
the  plants  will  protect  and  steady  them.  Such  dwarf 
and  compact  varieties  as  Ellam's  Early  may  be 
allowed  i  foot  from  plant  to  plant,  and  16  or  iS 
inches  between  the  rows  ;  larger  growing  varieties 
iS  inches  each  way. 

Alter  the  nice  rains,  and  when  the  plants  are  dry, 
some  Celery  for  early  use  should  be  earthed-up. 
Clear  fit"  all  the  short  leaves  and  offsets  from  the  base 
of  the  plants.  They  should  then  be  temporarily  tied 
up  as  near  the  top  as  possible  with  broad  pieces  of 
matting.  Two  workmen  will  accomplish  this  best, 
one  to  gather  up  all  the  leaves  into  their  proper 
position,  whilst  the  other  ties  on  the  matting.  The 
soil  should  then  be  fined  down  into  the  trench  to  the 
required  height  and  the  matting  removed.  Young 
Turnips  are  now  making  up  for  lost  time,  and  they 
will  require  watching  in  order  that  fly  or  slugs  do  not 
devour  many  seedlings  and  cause  blanks.  The  above, 
in  conjunction  with  winter  Spinach,  should  be  thinned 
as  soon  as  large  enough  ;  both  crops  are  backward 
owing  to  the  drought.  G,  H.  KUhards,  Sonicrlcy 
Gardens,  Ring'^oood,  Hants, 


336 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,   1SS5 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

(■  !Jale  0 

I      Rooms. 

.  Annual  Sale  ol  Heaths,  &c.,  at  the  Bun 
Sept.  15  I      Ash    Nurseries,    Lee,    by    Protheroe 

f  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
'Sale  of  Heaths,  at  the  Lea  Bridge 
series,  Leyton,  by  Protheroe  &  Mor 
.    iale  of  Flowering,   Established,    an^  -  — 
I      ported  Orchids,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Tu.tDcmv      (;=^f    ,.,  J  Sale  of  Heaths,  at  the  Brunswick  Nursery, 
Thursday,     Sept.  17  .^      Tottenham,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  13,000  Tuberoses, 
L     at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

i  Trade  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at    Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Annual  Sale  of  Heaths,  at  the  Longlands 
Nursery,  Sidcup. 
r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Satl'KDAY,      Sept  19  i  Sale    of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Protheroe    & 
1      Morris'  Rooms. 


THE  main  features  of  the  week,  so  far  as 
the  metropolis  is  concerned,  have  been 
the  exhibitions  of  Dahli.\s  and  Fruit  at  the 
Crystal  Palace  and  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  respectively.  Show  Dahlias  have 
arrived  at  such  a  pitch  of  perfection  in  certain 
lines  that  little  can  be  said  of  them  beyond 
this,  that  Messrs.  Co.mi'OSITE  &  Co  maintain 
their  old  reputation,  and  that  Messrs.  Simplex 
Brothers  have  justified  the  increasing  ad- 
miration that  is  felt  for  single  Dahlias.  Form, 
substance,  colour,  size,  all  seem  to  have  arrived 
at  this  limit  of  perfection,  and  what  we  see 
exhibited  are  mere  kaleidoscopic  variations  of 
what  has  been  seen  for  many  years  past.  So 
much  was  this  felt  at  one  exhibition,  that  the 
body  of  experts  constituting  a  special  sub-com- 
mittee approached  the  general  body  in  a  some- 
what deprecatory  fashion,  and  uttered  a  judicious 
caution  respecting  the  granting  of  Certificates, 
and  uttered  a  discriminative  note  of  warning  as 
to  the  dift'erence  between  exhibition  varieties  and 
those  to  which  the  prefix  "  decorative  ''  should  be 
applied.  The  general  public  will  be  slow  to 
appreciate  a  degree  of  difference  which  will  be 
keenly  felt  by  specialists,  but  which  after  all  is 
of  some  importance,  because,  while  it  is  unde- 
niable that  the  difference  is  real,  and  that  while 
the  exhibition  varieties,  so  called,  are  likely 
to  be  the  best  according  to  the  standard 
followed  by  the  experts,  yet  that  the  merits 
of  such  flowers  are  not  to  be  judged  simply 
from  the  exhibition  standard,  because  they  exert 
a  secondary  influence  on  the  so-called  decorative 
varieties,  and  raise  the  standard  of  such  flowers 
likewise.  It  is  satisfactory  also  to  see  that  some 
attempts  are  being  made  to  break  away  from  the 
old  lines,  and  to  introduce  new  forms  and  fresh 
sources  of  attraction.  This  is  manifest  in  the 
new  race  of  Gladioli,  as  seee  in  G.  Lemoinei, 
the  result  of  the  crossing  of  G.  purpureo 
auratus  and  others,  and  in  the  increasing  num- 
bers of  the  so-called  Cactus  Dahliasof  the  Juarezi 
type.  These  latter  do  not  at  present  satisfy 
the  strict  exigencies  of  old  Dahlia  lovers,  but 
there  is  no  doubt  that  they  are  looked  on  with 
favour  by  the  public,  and  that  when  "  improved  " 
by  the  art  of  the  florist  they  will  ultimately 
take  a  high  place.  When  we  say  "  improved," 
we  mean  judiciously  improved  by  the  adoption 
to  a  reasonable  extent  of  the  florists'  rules,  but 
not  to  such  an  extent  as  to  ensure  that  rigid 
formalism  so  dear  to  the  typical  florist  of  the 
old  school,  so  oflensive  to  the  eye  of  the 
artist  and  physiologist.  Life,  the  evidence  of 
adaptations  to  the  struggle  for  existence,  confer 
a  degree  of  beauty,  and  especially  of  interest, 
which  no  mere  geometric  formalism  can  ever 
supply. 

Another  feature  of  the  week  has  been  the 
display  of  Grapes.  These  have  the  keenest  in- 
terest for  gardeners,  and  deservedly  so.  In  the 
judging  of  Grapes,  too,  at  our  metropolitan 
exhibition,  it  is  gratifying  to  observe  the  judi- 
cious practice  that  is  followed.  No  mere  size 
of  bunch  or  berry  is  allowed  to  outweigh  more 
-roi.'M  attributes  of  ripeness  and  finish.  The 
premiate~nd  bunches  are  not  the  biggest,  but,  as 
a  rule,  th  gy  a^g  unquestionably  the  best  as 
regards  quaii;ty_and  quality  in  this  case  means 


flavour.  It  is  coinparatively  easy  to  secure 
sensational  bunches,  but  the  care  required  to 
put  on  the  exhibition  table  exquisitely  finished 
samples  such  as  were  to  be  seen  at  South  Ken- 
sington is  quite  another  matter.  It  would  add 
greatly  to  the  practical  value  of  these  displays  if 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  would  institute 
competitive  examinations  of  the  vineries  at  a 
given  time ;  competent  judges  might  be  appointed 
to  visit  the  graperies  entering  for  competition, 
and  adjudicate,  not  upon  one  particular  bunch 
of  one  Grape,  but  upon  the  general  condition  of 
the  crop.  Of  course,  it  would  be  impracticable 
to  do  more  than  deal  with  generalities,  as  the 
conditions  would  be  so  different  in  difterent 
establishiTients.  Still,  with  a  little  care  and 
judgment  it  would  be  quite  possible  to  arrive  at 
satisfactory  conclusions,  and  a  healthy  impulse 
would  be  given  to  Grape  culture  apart  from  the 
display  of  picked  samples  on  the  e.xhibition 
table.  Even  on  the  exhibition  table  there  is 
room  for  improvement  in  the  mode  of  display. 
It  would  add  immensely  to  the  popular 
interest,  and  would,  moreover,  be  useful  in  the 
matter  of  identification,  if  foliage  and  ripened 
wood  were  exhibited  with  bunches  of  each 
variety.  One  exhibitor  lo  whom  we  mentioned 
this  matter  replied,  "Ah!  but  that  is  just 
what  I  did  on  one  occasion,  and  have  reason 
to  believe  that  it  acted  prejudicially  to  me." 
We  can  conceive  the  possibility  of  this,  but  if 
it  were  so  it  would  be  obviated  if  all  com- 
petitors were  desired  to  exhibit  in  the  same 
manner,  and  to  specify  in  particular  whether 
the  foliage  came  from  the  same  cane  as  that  on 
which  the  bunches  were  produced,  or  was  taken 
from  another — possibly  less  productive  rod. 

Another  very  important  matter  was  brought 
before  the  gardener  on  Tuesday  last  in  the 
competition  for  the  best  method  of  packing 
Grapes  to  send  to  a  distance.  On  former  occa- 
sions we  have  figured  various  methods  of  pack- 
ing which  have  been  found  meritorious,  but  on 
this  occasion  there  was  a  general  consensus  of 
opinion  that  the  very  best  method  of  packing 
Grapes  for  transit  was  the  simplest.  A  shallow 
basket,  tapering  slightly  to  the  bottom,  and  with 
a  stout  arched  handle  crossing  it  in  the  middle, 
was  found  to  be  the  best.  The  Grapes  are 
lightly  placed  around  the  sides  of  the  basket, 
the  centre  being  filled  up  with  other  bunches. 
The  tapering  form  of  the  basket  allows  the 
Grapes  to  slide  down  gently  into  position,  and  to 
accommodate  themselves  to  the  space  to  be 
filled,  without  the  intervention  of  moss,  wadding, 
or  any  other  packing  material  whatever.  A 
few  withies  may  be  bent  lengthwise  over  the 
basket  beneath  the  handle,  so  as  to  prevent 
any  stray  article  pressjng  on  the  Grapes.  The 
contents  of  the  basket  being  known,  and  the 
basket  lifted,  as  it  must  be  almost  of  necessity,  by 
the  handle,  ensure  the  precious  freight  being 
carefully  handled,  and  passed  from  hand  to 
hand,  instead  of  being  uncereinoniously  pitched 
about,  as  is  the  case  with  closed  boxes. 

So  many  of  the  complaints  made  by  gar- 
deners as  to  the  low  price  their  productions 
fetch  in  the  market  depend  upon  the  mode  of 
packing,  that  we  call  special  attention  to  this 
matter  Gardeners  who  pack  produce,  often  of 
a  superior  quality,  have  little  idea  of  the  state 
in  which  their  cherished  productions  arrive  in 
the  market,  and  in  seeking  a  remedy,  in  this 
case  as  in  so  many  others  the  simplest  is  best. 
Had  we  not  seen  this  repeatedly  we  should  our- 
selves have  feared  that  so  simple  a  means  of 
packing  as  what  we  have  described  appears 
would  have  been  as  ruinous  as  it  proves  by 
daily  experience  in  the  market  to  be  satisfactory. 


Anemones  in  September.  —  We  owe  to 

Mr.  BuRBiDGE  the  pleasant  surprise  of  receiving  a 
box  of  large-fiowered  double  Anemones  such  as  one 
might  expect  to  see  in  spring.  Mr.  Burbidge  tells 
us  that  unless  the  winter  prove  very  severe  the  plants 


may  be  expected  to  bloom  continuously  until  next 
June.  These  flowers  are  from  seed  sown  in  March  of 
this  year,  so  that  they  are  only  about  six  months  old. 
*' St,  Brigid,"  to  whom  horticulturists  owe  this 
strain,  has  thereby  earned  their  gratitude.  The  fol- 
lowing directions  for  their  culture  show  that,  as  with 
most  other  good  things,  the  method  of  management  is 
simple  ; — 

"For  winter  bloom,  choose  a  sunny,  open  spot ;  put 
on  a  good  dressing  of  rotten  manure — cow-manure  is 
best — and  dig  well,  covering  the  manure  at  least  5  inches 
deep  ;  and  as  soon  in  Febriiary  as  the  surlace  of  the 
ground  is  dry  and  friable,  sow  the  seed  (this  must  first 
be  separated  by  rubbing  with  a  quantity  of  sand),  taking 
care  to  distribute  it  as  ihinly  as  possible— it  is  almost  im- 
possible to  sow  too  thin.  Keeping  clean  from  weeds, 
and  an  occasional  watering  during  very  dry  weather,  is 
all  the  after-attenlion  they  will  require.  Bloom  will  com- 
mence in  October,  and  continue  through  the  winter  and 
spring  months.  They  are  best  not  transplanted.  For 
spring  and  summer  flowering,  plant  bulbs  in  autumn 
and  spring.  They  can  also  be  transplanted  quite  safely, 
although  in  fuU  flower  ;  if  carefully  watered  for  a  few 
days,  they  will  not  go  back  in  the  least.  Thus  those 
who  wish  flowers  at  once  can  secure  them." 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution.— We  have  received  the  following  communi- 
cation from  Mr.  E.  Cutler  :— "  I  beg  to  inform  you 
that  I  have  received  a  letter  from  the  solicitors  to  the 
estate  of  the  late  J.  S.  Law,  Esq.,  of  South  Lodge, 
Enfield,  stating  that  he  had  left  a  legacy  of  ;.Cioo, 
free  of  duty,  to  this  Institution,  which  will  be  paid 
in  the  usual  course." 

"Flore  ComplJite  de  laBelgique."— We 

have  received  a  copy  of  this  volume,  prepared  by  M. 
A.  DE  Vos,  and  which  is  so  good  and  likely  to  be  so 
useful,  that  we  can  now  only  mention  its  publication, 
and  defer  fuller  notice  till  we  can  do  it  more  justice. 

Turner  Memorial  Prizes. — At  a  general 

meeting  held  in  the  Conservatory  at  South  Kensington 
on  Tuesday  last,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq.,  in  the 
Chair,  a  committee  of  seven  persons  was  appointed 
to  carry  out  the  project.  The  committee  so  constituted 
consists  of  Messrs.  II.  Veitch,  G.  Paul,  IIy.  Glass- 
cock, J.  James,  G.  T.  Miles,  H.  CANXELLand  Dr. 
Masters,  together  with  Shirley  Hibberd,  Chair- 
man, H.  Pollett,  Treasurer,  and  J.  Douglas, 
Secretary.  More  than  ^100  was  announced,  and 
various  suggestions  made  as  to  the  scope  of  the 
Memorial,  which  it  is  desired  to  make  as  general  as 
possible. 

Wood's    Patent    Boiler. — Mr.     Wood, 

hot-water  engineer,  Eastville,  Bristol,  has  been 
awarded  a  Gold  Medal  for  his  greenhouse  and  kitchen 
range  boiler,  from  the  Inventions'  Exhibition,  also  a 
First-class  Certificate  from  the  Bath  Industrial  Exhi- 
bition. Several  advantages  are  claimed  for  these 
boilers — economy  in  fuel,  combined  with  great  heat- 
ing power,  and  the  facility  with  which  the  tubes  can 
be  cleaned  out  without  disturbing  the  setting;  and, 
moreover,  skilled  labour  in  stoking  is  dispensed  with. 
Being  on  slow  combustion  principles,  the  fire  may  go 
without  attention  from  eight  to  nine  hours. 

The  King  of  the  Pumpkins. — The  heaviest 

Pumpkin  (according  to  M.  de  Vos),  presented  at  the 
Paris  market  in  1SS4  weighed  130  kilogrammmes. 
Translanted  into  English,  this  means  that  the  Gourd 
in  question  weighed  about  the  same  as  twenty-eight 
legs  of  mutton  of  lo  lb.  each. 

The  Judas   Tree.— The   hot    summer  has 

sufficed  to  ripen  the  pods  of  this  singular  and  beauti- 
ful tree,  and  to  give  them  a  richness  of  colour  we  do 
not  often  see.  The  pods  as  they  hang  are  now  more 
brilliant  than  the  flowers  to  which  they  succeeded, 

The  Strawberry  Grape.— Apart  from  its 

peculiar  flavour,  the  Grape  is  worth  growing  for  the 
sake  of  its  foliage.  The  leaves  are  well  suited  for 
table  decoration,  and  assort  better  with  the  ordinary 
furniture  of  the  table  than  to  the  more  deeply  cut 
lea  res  of  other  sorts. 

The  Coast  Flora  of  Japygia.  —  In  the 

y  ournal  of  the  Linnean  Society  Mr.  Henry  Groves, 
of  Florence,  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  flora 
of  the  province  of  Lecce,  better  known  as  Otranto. 
It  is  a  low-lying  district,  producing  abundance  of 
Scilla  maritima,  and  where  Chicory  and  the  bulbs  of 


September  12,  18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


337 


Bellevalia  comosa  form  articles  of  food,  and  the  leaves 
of  Heliosciadium  nodiflorum,  usually  considered 
poisonous,  are  eaten  as  salad  ;  Juncus  acutus  is  made 
use  of  for  fish-pots,  while  Schrenus  nigricans  is  made 
available  for  ropes  ;  Clematis  balearica  finds  its 
Western  limit  here ;  Crocus  Thomasii,  an  autumn- 
flowering  species,  occurs  abundantly  near  the  Gravina 
di  Leucaspide,  near  Taranto. 


themselves  at  the  nodes,  by  which  the  plant  may  be 
propagated.  It  is  clear,  then,  that  the  reserve  food 
and  growing  power  of  the  old  bulbs  are  not 
exhausted, 

Rhododendron  Kochii,  Stein,  Garten- 
flora,  July,  tab,  1 195,  is  a  Philippine  Island  species, 
with  stalked,  lanceolate,  acuminate  leaves  and  trusses 


Erith,  The  wood  was  found  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
stratum  with  flint-flakes.  Rhinoceros  bones  have 
been  found  in  the  same  pit.  Mr.  Ridley's  note  is 
confined  to  the  mere  announcement  of  the  discovery, 
but  much  more  is  needed  to  substantiate  a  discovery 
of  so  interesting  a  nature, 

Large  Turkey  Oak, — W.  H.  Dunsford, 


Fig.  74.— hoya  griffithii     (see  p.  334.) 


Orchid  Pruning. — A  good  deal  of  informa- 
tion is  likely  to  be  gained  incidentally  by  the  dis- 
cussion of  this  subject.  Some  people  ask  whether  the 
old  pseudobulbs  are  of  any  use;  because,  if  not,  they 
might  be  cut  away.  At  Mr.  Lee's  the  other  day  we 
saw  the  use  to  which  they,  or  some  of  them,  are  put 
in  that  establishment,  where  the  requirements  and 
peculiarities  of  Orchids  are  so  thoroughly  met  and 
understood.  The  bulbs  of  Dendrobium  nobile 
nobilius  are  tied  down  horizontally  to  a  board  just  as 
babies  are  in  some  countries  still,  and  hung  up  near 
the  glass,  kept  in  suitable  temperature,  and  with 
sufficient  moisture,  when,  after  a  little,  buds  present 


of  white  Jasmine-like  flowers.  In  the  same  number 
a  much  smaller  species  with  rosy-pink  flowers,  re- 
minding one  of  R.  hirsutum,  is  also  figured.  It 
grows  on  the  volcano  of  Apo,  in  the  Philippine 
Islands. 

The    Sweet    Chestnut    a    Native    of 

Britain. — In  the  August  number  of  the  Journal  of 
Botany  Mr.  Ridley  gives  some  reasons  for  sup- 
posing that  this  tree  (Castanea  sativa)  was  at  one  time 
native  to  Britain.  Mr.  Ridley's  "conclusive 
evidence  "  is  derived  from  a  small  fragment  of  the 
wood  which  he  obtained  in  a  brick-earth  pit  near 


Esq.,  of  Ashley  Court,  Tiverton,  possesses  one  of  the 
finest  Turkey  Oaks  known  to  us.  It  is  growing 
on  an  elevation  overlooking  the  lawn  and  tennis 
court.  Xinety  feet  is  about  its  height,  and  180  feet 
around  ;  its  huge  trunk  is  straight  and  free  from  limbs 
to  a  height  of  8  or  9  feet,  where  it  forks  away  on 
every  side,  forming  a  particularly  handsome  tree. 

Grinling  Gibbons. — The  following  refer- 
ence was  made  in  one  of  Mr.  Hungerford  Pol- 
len's lectures  on  wood  carving  before  the  Society  of 
Arts :— "The  carver  whose  name  is  associated  more 
particularly  with  the  name  of  Wren  is  Grinling 


338 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[.SEPriMBER    12,    l8 


Gibbons.  He  was  first  heard  of  hy  Evelyn,  in 
1670.  A  pot  of  flowers  which  he  did  outside  of  his 
window  in  Belle  Sauvage  Court  was  so  delicately 
caived  that  the  leaves  and  blossoms  shook  with  the 
rumbling  of  passing  coaches  and  carts.  The  carving 
of  Gibbons  consists  of  hanRing-swags,  composed  of 
fruit  and  fliwers,  with  birds  and  animals  among 
them.  There  are  examples  to  be  seen  over  the  com- 
munion tables  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  and  cf  St. 
James',  Piccadilly,  where  the  marble  font,  with 
figures  of  Adam  and  Eve,  is  by  him  ;  over  the  doors 
and  chimney-pieces  of  the  state  rooms  at  Hampton 
Court,  where  also  the  carved  mouldings,  by  other 
hands,  are  well  worth  careful  examination.  Chats- 
worth  House  and  Petworih  House,  in  Sussex,  have 
excellent  examples  of  the  best  carving  of  Gibbo.ns. 
These  carvings  surround  a  series  of  full-length  por- 
traits. They  represent  hanging  trophies  of  the  attri- 
butes of  the  seasons,  including  ears  of  bearded  Wheat, 
cut  with  the  utmost  delicacy  ;  musical  instruments, 
wiih  low  reliefs  on  their  surfaces  ;  medals,  one  said 
to  represent  GlEEONS  himself ;  lace  Steinkirk  cravats, 
classic  vases,  with  figure  work  on  their  sides  ;  an 
immense  variety  of  objects." 

National    Pear    Conference,    1SS5.— 

Suitable  "Forms,"  have  been  prepared  by  ihe 
committee  of  the  National  Pear  Conference,  and  may 
be  had  by  intending  exhibitors  on  application  to  the 
Secretary,  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron,  Royal  Horticultural 
Garden,  Chiswick,  W.  It  is  hoped  exhibitors  will 
make  their  returns  as  complete  as  possible.  In  order 
to  insure  uniformity  in  the  naming  of  the  frui  s 
exhibited,  and  to  obtain  as  much  precise  information 
as  possible  on  individual  fruits,  a  "  card  "  has  al  o 
been  prepared  by  the  committee  and  will  be  supplitd 
to  all  exhibitors  on  application.  Exhibitors  are  re- 
quested to  make  application  to  the  Secretary  beliie 
October  14  next,  stating  the  exact  number  requ'red. 

[FOKM    to    be   FiLLILU    Ul'    BY   EXHIBITORS.] 
NATIONAL     PEAR    CONFERENCE,     iSS;. 

Exhibitor's  Name  and  Address 

Number  of  varieties  exhibited  _ 


C/uiractcr  or soii,  siilisoii,  &'c,. 


July  and  August,  3  ■ 


September. .     .,     3  va 

rieties 

— 

October    ..        ..6  varieties 

November..      ..     6v 

rieties 

irietirs 

S..BCT,o.   0.   V.,..r 

lES  Suited  for  Orchv\ 

KD  ClL 

IV.- 

Selcclwa  0/ Sh-.vins  Pc 

open-grained,  and  not  so  durable  ;  nevertheless, 
when  properly  seasoned  it  is  a  valuable  wood,  and 
has  an  agreeable  fragrance,  very  unlike  Ihit  of  the 
fresh  plant.  It  is  used  for  wainscoting,  cabinet  work, 
drawers,  &c.,  as  it  is  stated  that  no  insects  will 
attack  it,  on  account  of  its  scent.  Shingles  made  of 
it  are  reported  to  be  very  durable,  and  they,  more- 
over, have  the  advantage  of  lightness.  LuNAN,  in 
his  Hortiis  Jamaiicnsi^^  says,  "  The  trunks  of  the 
trees  are  often  so  large  as  to  be  hollowed  out  into 
canoes  and  periaguas,  for  which  purpose  it  is  extremely 
well  adapted,  as,  from  the  softness  of  the  wood  it  is 
hollowed  out  with  great  facility,  and  being  light  it 
carries  great  weight  on  the  water.  Canoes  have  been 
made  of  it  40  feet  long  and  6  feet  broad."  It  is  from 
this  wood  that  the  Cuba  cigar  boxes  are  made,  and 
the  wood  is  also  imported  into  Hamburgh  in  logs  for 
the  purpose  of  making  boxes  for  holding  German- 
made  Havanas  ;  these  boxes  are  made  in  exact  imita- 
tion of  those  which  come  direct  from  Cuba.  The 
wood  recommends  itself  lor  this  purpose  on  account 
of  its  even  grain,  freedom  from  knots,  and  its  non- 
liabiliiy  to  split  or  crack,  and  also  on  account  of  the 
ease  with  which  it  can  be  cut  into  thin  planks,  suit- 
able for  box  making.  Three  remarkable  logs  of 
West  Indian  Cedar  were  recently  landed  at  the  W^est 
India  Docks  from  Cuba,  our  attention  having  been 
drawn  to  them  by  Messrs.  Churchill  &  Sim,  of 
Clement's  Lane,  to  whom  they  were  consigned. 
These  logs  were  from  the  bases  of  three  separate 
trees,  and  were  each  of  pretty  nearly  similar  bulk, 
measuring  about  7  feet  high,  and  3  feet  or  more  in 
diameter.  They  all  had  their  bark  removed,  and 
their  peculiarity  was  that  instead  of  the  grain  running 
up  and  down  or  perpendicularly  it  ran  round  the 
trunks  in  a  spiral  manner.  So  distinctly  defined  was 
the  course  of  Ihe  grain  that  the  logs  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  habitual  workers  on  the  limber 
wharf,  and  one  of  the  attendants  who  cut  off  a  few 
chips  for  us  from  what  in  an  ordinary  trunk  would 
have  been  the  transverse  section  remarked,  that  in 
order  to  obtain  a  section  showing  a  longitudinal 
grain  it  was  necessary  to  cut  it  across  the  trunk.  The 
three  logs  were  sold  by  Messrs.  Chukciiill  &  SiM 
to  Messrs.  W.  Olivir  &  Sons,  of  Bunhill  Row,  who 
obligingly  cut  for  the  Kew  Museum  a  large  slice  from 
one  of  the  trunks.  From  this  it  would  seem  that  the 
arrangement  of  the  woody  fibres  of  the  trunk  was  in 
their  younger  state  quite  normal,  but  after  they  had 
attained  about  half  their  full  diameter  the  course  of 
the  grain  changed  from  a  perpendicular  to  a  spiral 
direction,  so  that  in  planning  what  must  for  conve- 
nience be  called  a  longitudinal  section  the  course  of 
the  grain  was  cut  through  at  three  different  angles. 
A  section  cut  across  the  trunk  showed  no  decided 
rings,  but  a  continuation  of  a  longitudinal  grain  run- 
ning round  the  trunk.  These  logs,  though  curioui, 
would  be  almost  useless  for  working,  in  consequence 
cf  the  continued  crossing  of  the  grain. 

TuRNip-ROOTEn     Mustard.— The     Revue 

Horlicok  mentions  a  Chinese  Mustard  with  roots 
like  a  Turnip,  the  leaves  of  which  may  serve  as 
forage.  The  root  is  staled  to  be  of  agreeable 
flavour.  According  to  ttle  analysis  given  the  roots 
contain  : — 


Gener.1I  remarks,  as  to  modes  of  cultivation,  piul>ing,  stocks,  &:c. 

[Form  of  Card  to  be  Attached  to  Each  Dish,] 


Avcmge  Fertirty  - 
Stock 


Albume 
Fatly  m 


77-67 


Description  of  Tiec - 

The    West    Indian    Cedar    (Cedrfla 

ODORATA). — This  tree  is  a  native  of  Jamaica,  Cuba, 
Antigua,  Mexico,  &c.,  and  grows  to  a  height  of 
80  feet  or  more,  with  a  diameter  of  from  3  to  5  feet. 
It  is  a  near  ally  to  the  Mahogany,  to  which  the  wood 
has  some  resemblance,  though  it  is  softer,  rather  more 


The  plant  has  been  introduced  into  France  from 
Pekin  by  Dr.  Bretschneider.  We  have  not  yet 
heard  of  its  introduction  here,  but  it  would  seem  to  be 
a  valuab'e  introduction  and  well  adapted  for  our 
climate. 

Wotherspoon's    Horizontal   Tubular 

Boiler,— At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Cale- 
donian Horticultural  Society  in  Edinburgh  the  above 
boiler  was  unanimously  commended  by  the  judges, 
who  also  expressed  a  wish  to  see  it  at  work. 

Gardsning  Appointments.  —  Mr.  John 

Green,  late  Gardener  to  W.  P.  Cosier,  Esq.,  at 
Wilmington  Hall,  Dartford,  Kent,  has  been  appointed 
Gardener  to  J.  B.  Lee,  Esq.,  Sonning,  Reading, 
Berks, — Mr.  CORNELIUS  Price,  late  Foreman  in  the 
Gardens,  Powderham  Castle,  Exeter,  has  taken 
charge  of  the  Gardens  of  the  Earl  of  LisTOWEL, 
Convamore,  County  Cork,  Ireland. 


THE    NARCISSUS    FLY* 

The  Narcissus-fly  (Merodon  equestris)  fig.  75  is  not 
a  new  discovery.  It  is  described  by  Reaumur  in  his 
Ilhlory  of  Insect!,  published  in  173S,  as  well  as  by 
Fabricius,  the  pupil  of  Linnreus,  in  his  System  of 
Entomoloi,)',  wiitten  near  the  end  of  the  last  century. 
About  forty  years  ago  the  damage  caused  by  it  to  the 
Daffodil  growers  of  Haarlem  attracted  public  atten- 
tion, and  from  that  time  the  insect  seems  to  have 
become  naturalised  in  Holland.  The  present  mono- 
graph has  been  written  at  the  request  of  Mons. 
J.  H.  Krelage,  of  Haarlem,  who  supplied  materials 
for  laborious  and  exhaustive  investigations  recently 
made  by  Dr.  Ritzema  Bos,  the  results  of  which  are 
contained  in  fifty  octavo  pages,  accompanied  by  illus- 
trations. This  monograph,  reprinted  from  the 
Archives  of  the  Teylerian  Museum  at  Haarlem,  has 
just  been  sent  by  M.  Krelage  to  the  members  of  the 
Narcissus  committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society. 

The  Narcissus-Sy  is  indigenous  to  Italy  and  other 
parts  of  the  South  of  Europe,  from  which  it  has  been 
introduced  in  imported  bulbs— chiefly  those  of  N. 
Tazetta— to  Holland  and  England,  in  both  of  which 
countries  it  has  in  some  measure  established  itself. 
It  suffers,  however,  from  the  effects  of  severe  winters, 
after  which  there  is  for  a  lime  a  marked  diminution 
in  its  ravages.  The  appearance  of  the  perfect  insect 
is  not  unlike  that  of  a  small  and  rather  slender 
humble-bee  with  two  wings.  Like  the  plants  upon 
which  it  feeds,  one  species  runs  into  many  foim;. 
The  colour  and  markings  vary  much.  In  one  of  the 
illustrations  we  have  coloured  t'lgures  of  seven  different 
types.  The  generic  name  Merodon  (with  toothed 
thigh)  is  explained  by  another  figure.  We  should 
infer  from  its  specific  name  that  it  has  Ihs  habit  of 
settling  upon  horses,  but  Dr.  Bos  does  not  inform  us 
on  this  point,  telling  us,  however,  that  it  is  partial  to 
honey.  It  lays  its  eggs,  one  or  two  together,  at  the 
base  of  the  full  grown  Narcissus  leaf  in  June.  The 
larva,  when  hatched,  makes  its  way  down  into  the 
interstices  of  the  upper  scales,  and  feeds  towards  the 
heart  of  the  bulb.  The  grubs  are  full-grown,  or 
neatly  so,  in  November,  but  it  is  not  quite  certain 
when  they  undergo  their  next  transformation.  It  is 
thought  that  many  remain  dormant  during  winter, 
and  complete  their  growth  in  early  spring,  when  they 
eat  their  way  out  of  the  bulb,  generally  at  the  base, 
and  mount  upwards  through  the  soil,  entering  the 
chrysalis  stage  near  the  top  of  the  bulb,  but  outside  it. 
The  fly  comes  out  in  May. 

Besides  the  mechanical  damage  to  the  stiucture  of 
the  bulb  which  the  larva;  cause  with  their  mouths, 
they  excrete  an  acid  which  causes  the  neighbouring 
parts  to  rot  ;  so  that  even  if  a  Daffodil  attacked  by 
them  flowers  in  spring,  the  floral  axis  having  escaped 
unhurt,  still  the  flowering  is  stunted  and  unhealthy, 
and  no  subsequent  growth  is  made.  The  decomposed 
portion  of  the  bulb  is  found  to  be  full  of  bacteria  not 
unlike  those  which  are  known  to  cause  the  very 
destructive  Hyacinth-rot.  Dr.  Bos  tried,  by  experi- 
ments on  sound  Daffodils,  whether  these  bacteria  are 
capable  of  developing  rot  in  healthy  subjects,  and 
concluded  that  they  are  harmless,  merely  occupying 
the  parts  already  decomposed  by  the  larvie  of  the 
Merodon.  Dr.  Bos  also  tried  many  experiments,  the 
result  of  which  he  gives  in  detail,  to  determine  the 
best  way  of  getting  rid  of  a  pest  which  threatened  to 
become  so  serious  to  growers  of  Daffodils.  He  be- 
lieves that  the  simplest  he  tried  is  also  the  most 
efficacious.  It  is  to  immerse  in  water  all  bulbs  for  a 
space  of  eight  days  before  planting.  This,  he  assures 
us,  may  be  done  without  danger  of  injury  to  the  bulb, 
-and  with  the  almost  certain  result  of  killing  the 
larvEe,  which  in  -Vugust,  when  Daffodils  ought  to  be 
planted,  are  small,  and  near  the  crown,  and  have  as 
yet  done  little  or  no  injury. 

It  seems  doubtful  whether  the  Merodon  could 
maintain  a  permanent  footing  in  England — at  any 
rate  in  the  colder  parts  of  it — unless  reinforced  by 
fresh  importations  ;  so  that  we  may  hope  to  be  able 
to  look  upon  it  more  as  an  object  of  interest  to  the 
naturalist  than  a  rest  to  the  gardener.  C.  IVolley 
Dod,  Ed^e  Hall,  Seftemier  5. 

•  La  ilouche  de  Knrcissi  (Merodon  equestris).  By  Dr.  T. 
Kitzema  Bos.     Haarlem,  1885. 


September  12,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


339 


J4o/vlE     j!J0RRE3P0]MDE]MCE. 
—\ — 

The  Proposed  Edinburgh  Fruit  Show.— We 
hnpe  to  get  together  a  thoroughly  representative  ex- 
hibition of  the  Apples  and  Pears  grown  in  Scotland,  as 
well  as  a  good  selection  of  the  best  Apples  and  Pears 
grown  in  other  parts  of  the  United  Ivingdom.  The  date 
of  the  exhibition  is  rather  late,  but  there  are  several  rea- 
sons why  it  could  not  be  fixed  for  an  earlier  date.  First, 
our  Apples  and  Pears  in  Scotland  arenotgenerallyfitto 
gather  till  the  latter  half  of  October  ;  second,  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Pear  Congress  comes  off  at 
that  time,  and  we  did  not  wish  to  run  in  opposition  to 
it  ;  and  third,  the  new  winter  show  of  the  Royal 
Caledonian  Horticultural  Society  was  fixed  last 
spring  for  the  date  chosen,  November  25  and  26,  and 
we  did  not  care  to  spoil  it  by  holding  another  fruit 
exhibition  a  week  or  two  before  it.  At  the  date  fixed 
upon,  we  shall  still  have  the  most  of  the  early  Apples 
and  Pears,  grown  in  Scotland,  in  fair  condition  ;  and 
we  must  just  take  what  we  can  get  from  our  more 
favoured  Southern  friends.  There  is  a  very  good  list 
of  prizes  ofl^ered  for  fruit  at  the  new  winter  show, 
which  may  induce  a  good  many  of  our  friends  from 
the  South  to  compete,  as  well  as  to  exhibit  their  speci- 
mens at  the  Conference.  Scotus. 

Mildew  on  Plants,  Aphis,  and  Red  Spider. 
— Some  months  ago  an  article  appeared  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Edmund 
'Tonks,  B.C.L.,  on  the  merits  of  sulphide  of  po- 
tassium as  a  remedy  for  mildew.  I  was  struck  by 
Mr.  Tonks'  statements,  and  knowing  him  to  be  a 
careful  observer  I  thought  I  would  take  some  pains 
to  get  his  observations  tested,  and  accordingly  I 
arranged  for  samples  of  the  sulphide  of  potassium  to 
be  forwarded  to  a  number  of  our  best  gardeners,  and 
at  the  same  time  drew  their  attention  to  Mr.  Tonks' 
article.  I  felt  that  if  the  sulphide  of  potassium 
should  prove  to  be  as  efficacious  as  Mr.  Tonks 
represented  in  destroying  such  a  universal  pest  in  our 
gardens  as  mildew,  I  should  render  some  service  to 
gardening  generally  by  getting  assurance  of  its  merits 
from  those  most  competent  to  judge,  and  should 
then  feel  at  liberty  to  make  its  merits  widely  known 
by  the  aid  of  the  gardening  journals.  I  am  now 
enabled  to  send  two  testimonies  to  the  efficacy  of  this 
remedy,  which  I  am  sure  will  at  once  arrest  attention, 
The  first  is  from  Mr.  Coleman,  of  Eastnor  Castle, 
who  says  : — 

"I  have  given  the  sulphide  of  potassium  a  fair  trial, 
and  the  excellent  effect  it  has  produced  is  more  than 
satisfactory — it  is  marvellous.  The  first  trial  was  made 
on  old  winter  Cucumbers,  badly  infested  with  mildew. 
One  syringing  nearly  cleaned  them,  a  second  completely 
destroyed  the  pest.  This  was  in  April,  and  the  plants 
still  (August)  remain  clean  and  healthy.  The  second 
attack  was  made  on  red-spider,  also  on  Cucumbers. 
Two  dressings  destroyed  the  spider,  and  the  plants  were 
in  no  way  injured.  The  third  and  most  important  trial 
was  made  on  an  old  Vine  attacked  by  spider  and  mildew, 
and  although  my  stock  of  sulphide  ran  short  the  result 
was  equally  satisfactory.  On  Saturday  last  a  young 
Melon  plant,  infested  with  a  very  troublesome  pest, 
black  aphis,  was  well  syringed.  The  plant  is  now  clean, 
and  growing  freely." 

Mr.  Coleman  then  proceeds  to  state  that  he  intends 
trying  the  new  remedy  on  Hops,  and  will  report  the 
results  in  due  course.  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  add  to 
the  above  the  experience  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Vertegans,  o( 
Chad  Valley  Nurseries,  Edgbaston,  who  has  within 
the  last  few  days  drawn  my  attention  to  a  large 
number  of  double  Cinerarias  which  were  badly 
attacked  by  mildew  a  fortnight  ago.  They  have  been 
syringed  twice  with  a  weak  solution  of  sulphide  of 
potassium,  and  are  now  quite  free  from  the  pest. 
Every  gardener  should  test  this  new  remedy,  and 
report  his  success  or  failure  with  it  for  the  general  good. 
Ea'ward  IV,  Badger^  Moseley^  near  Birtnin^hani, 

Ficus  repens. — I  enclose  specimens  of  Ficus 
repens,  all  taken  from  the  same  plant,  with  specimen 
of  fruit,  showing  its  polymorphous  forms,  and  the 
state  of  development  it  is  apparently  necessary  to 
bring  it  to  in  order  to  produce  fruit.  The  plant  was 
originally  planted  on  the  back  wall  of  a  stove  ;  after 
reaching  the  top,  there  being  no  further  space  for  it 
to  cling,  it  branched  out  vigorously  in  quite  a  different 
form  of  branch  and  leaf,  and  is  now  bearing  fruit.  It 
appears  somewhat  analogous  to  the  Ivy,  which  when 


its  climbing  power  is  finished,  assumes  another  form 
of  growth  and  becomes  fruitful.  [For  a  figure  of  shoot 
see  p.  560,  vol.  xiv.,  and  of  fruit,  p.  717.  Ed.]  Ceorff: 
Stanton. 

Dendrobium  Pruning, — I  have  only  now  re- 
ceived my  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  August  15,  hence 
the  delay  in  replying  to  Mr.  N.  Blandford's  letter  on 
p.  216.  I  am  glad  to  see  that  Mr.  Blandford  admits 
that  his  "pruning"  of  Lajlia  anceps  is  not  such 
"  pruning  "as  advocated  by  "J.  S.  W."  and  practised 
on  his  Dendrobia.  He  there  does  reply  to  the 
question  he  quoted  from  my  letter.  Mr.  Blandford 
said  he  removed  "leafless  bulbs."  Now  I  maintain 
that  when  a  healthy  plant  loses  leaves  on  its  back 
bulbs,  those  teaves  are  done  with  by  Nature,  and  the 
bulb  will  follow.  Unless  the  leaf  is  injured  or 
affected  by  a  cause  foreign  to  the  plant  the  bulb  will 
not  shed  it  till  it  wants  it  no  more  ;  therefore  I  con- 
sider that  bulb  may  be  taken  away,  but  we  seldom 
do  it  till  its  colour  begins  to  change,  or  the  sap  tastes 
bad  and  otherwise  to  a  healthy  bulb.  Mr.  Blandford 
having  looked  for  my  "  ordinary  cultivation "  in 
plants  "  exhibited  at  the  great  shows  in  London  or 
the  provinces,"  may  have  seen  but  few  plants  with 
every  bulb  having  been  made  in  England.  No  man 
would  cut  off  leafless  bulbs  of  the  imported  plants  for 
years  alter,  provided  they  were  healthy.  I  am  writ- 
ing on  his  plant,  which  I  believe  to  be  all  "English 
manufacture."  If  Mr.  Blandford  will  permit  me  to 
come  and  see  his  plants  I  shall  gladly  do  so,  as  I  see 
we  are  on  the  same  "track"  with  but  a  "guard 
rail  "  on  each  side,  De  B.  Crawshay. 


F"'-..  75. — THE  NARCISSUS  FLV.      (SEE  P.  338.) 


The  Orchid  Map.— The  idea  of  showing  the 
distribution  of  Orchids  by  a  map,  appears  to  me  to  be 
an  excellent  one,  but  in  that  given  by  Mr.  Burbidge, 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  May  9,  18S5,  it  cer- 
tainly is  not  correctly  carried  out  as  regards  Australia. 
The  genera  are  represented  as  located  in  parts  of  that 
continent  where  they  are  never  found,  while  their  true 
habitats  are  left  vacant.  No  Orchids  are  known  to  have 
been  obtained  in  the  northern  and  north-western  por- 
tions of  Western  Australia,  with  the  exception  of 
Cymbidium  canaliculatum,  and  that  only  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  northern  portion  of  South 
Australia  (known  as  the  Northern  Territory),  an 
Orchid  which  is  also  the  only  epiphyte  which  extends 
from  the  seaboard  into  the  interior  in  the  Northern 
Territory,  t^)ueensland,  and  New  South  Wales.  The 
great  majority  of  Australian  Orchids  are  confined  to 
the  districts  along  the  seashores  to  which  the  sea- 
breezes  extend.  The  exceptions  are  a  few  species 
belonging  to  the  truly  Australian  forms  of  terrestrial 
Orchids,  and  not  including  any  belonging  to  the 
genera  connected  with,  or  the  same  as,  those 
apparently  derived  from  Asia,  excepting  the  one 
above  referred  to.  The  principal  genera  in  which  some 
species  extend  to  the  area  on  the  inward  slopes  of 
the  coast  ranges  are  Thelymitra,  Caladenia,  Diuris, 
and  Prasophyllum.  The  Orchids  of  Western  Aus- 
tralia affect  the  sea  coast,  and  are  only  to  be  found 
between  the  great  Australian  bight  and  the  Mur- 
chison  River.  They  are  all  of  the  Austral  type, 
except  Ctyptostylis.  In  South  Australia  the  Orchids 
are  also  almost  wholly  confined  to  the  southern  slopes 
to  the  ocean,  but  approach  in  character  much  more 
nearly  to  the  Eastern  forms,  though  also  destitute  of 
epiphytes.  In  Victoria  the  species  extend  more 
inland,  and  include  two  genera,  at  least,  of  epiphytes  ; 
while  in  New  South  Wales  the  terrestrial  are  balanced 
by  the  tree  Orchids,     The  terrestrial  in  Queensland 


become  comparatively  rare  as  to  species,  being 
replaced  by  epiphytes  till,  through  the  Northern  Ter- 
ritory," a  region  is  reached  (on  the  boundary  of 
Western  .\ustralia)  of  utter  absence  of  all  Orchids. 
I  enclose  a  sketch  map,  in  which  the  numbers  given 
to  the  genera  are  those  attached  to  them  in  the  Plora 
Attstraliensis.  to  which  a  few  are  added.  The  locali- 
ties only  are  marked  where  specimens  have  been 
procured,  but  of  course  the  genera,  in  all  probability, 
exists  in  intermediate  situations.  Robert  fitz^^erald. 
Hunter's  Hill,  Sydney.  [We  are  greatly  indebted  to 
our  correspondent,  who  gives  details  that  could  not  be 
extracted  from  the  general  statement  in  the  Genera 
Plantarii/ji,  moreover,  the  requirements  of  space  ne- 
cessitated our  placing  figures  in  the  central,  almost 
unknown  districts  of  Australia,  but  the  self-same  re- 
quirements have  forced  our  correspondent  to  put 
numerous  figures  in  the  ocean  !  Ed.] 

Trachycarpus  Fortunei. — The  two  best  speci- 
mens of  this  Palm  in  the  open  air  are  probably  in  the 
grounds  of  Mount  Edgcumbe.  As  at  Ileckfield,  the 
male  and  female  are  growing  close  together.  From 
the  dimensions  given  on  p.  304  Devonshire  would  be 
before  Hampshire  by  about  2  feet.  At  Hewell 
Grange,  near  Bromsgrove,  which  is  more  than 
100  miles  north  of  London,  there  is  a  good-sized 
plant  in  a  tub  which  has  stood  out  through  the  last 
three  winters.  I^  do  not  remember  Mr.  Ward,  the 
gardener,  saying  that  he  had  protected  it  in  any  way. 
Once  gradually  inured  to  our  climate,  a  long-con- 
tinued and  severe  frost,  such  as  Mr.  Blackmore  tells 
us  of  in  Lorna  Doon,  would  be  necessary  to  kill  it 
outright  ;  in  fact,  the  wind  is  a  more  dangerous 
enemy  than  frost.  Given  a  sheltered  position,  this 
Palm  would  be  available  for  gardens  all  along  the 
west  coast,  and  for  some  way  inland.  When  the  time 
is  fulfilled  for  having  glasshouses  that  will  take  down 
in  the  summer,  to  cover  beds  of  greenhouse  shrubs,  all 
will  be  enabled  to  appreciate  Fortune's  Palm  as  they 
ought.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

Aristolochia  elegans. — After  seeing  this  plant  in 
Mr.  Bull's  nursery,  and  comparing  with  it  an  Aristo- 
lochia recently  brought  to  Kew  by  Baron  Capanema, 
of  Rio,  I  think  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  two  are 
identical,  and,  therefore,  the  following  information 
from  Baron  Capanema  will  be  worth  adding  to  Dr. 
Masters'  description  of  this  species.  Writing  about 
a  collection  of  living  plants  whi:h  he  had  brought 
with  him  in  a  Wardian  case  from  Brazil  the  Baron 
says  : — "  Among  them  was  a  climber,  an  Aristo- 
lochia, which  is  not  described  by  Duchartre,  in 
De  Candolle,  or  by  Masters  in  flora  Bra- 
ziliensis.  The  labellum  of  the  flower  is  peltate,  and 
very  symmetrically  cup-shaped,  the  inside  covered 
with  a  thick  network  of  narrow  veins  of  a  dark  brown 
colour,  and  a  nearly  black  spot  on  Ihe  centre.  I 
have,  therefore,  named  it  A.  melanostoma.  I  had  it 
from  Paraguay  some  years  ago,  and  as  it  is  very  orna- 
mental it  soon  was  cultivated  in  many  gardens. 
Perhaps  it  may  be  described  by  somebody  else."  As 
the  name  proposed  by  the  Baron  is  already  occupied 
by  a  species  of  Aristolochia  it  cannot  stand  for  this 
plant,  which  is  now  named  and  described  as  above 
by  Dr.  Masters.    IV.  IV. 

Clematis  Jackmanni. — In  the  beautiful  gardens 
at  Castle  Hill,  North  Devon,  this  favourite  plant 
revels  in  beauty,  where  Mr.  Nicholas,  the  gardener, 
grows  it  in  rather  a  novel  way.  Stretched  across  one 
of  the  kitchen  gardens  adjoining  a  path  are  wires 
placed  and  strained  as  is  usually  done  for  espalier 
fruit  trees,  and  on  these  are  trained  the  abundance  of 
luxuriant  growths,  the  result  being  a  beautiful  hedge 
100  feet  in  length  and  about  4  feet  in  height.  At 
the  present  time  it  is  a  mass  of  lovely  deep  violet- 
purple  flowers — a  gorgeous  sight.  Jfr.  Nicholas 
believes  in  a  deep  rich  loamy  soil  for  the  Clematis, 
liquid  manure  frequently,  and  liberal  dressing  on  and 
under  the  surface.   JK,  Napf'er, 

Gas  Lime  as  Manure  Insecticide. — Some  cor- 
respondence having  taken  place  in  your  journal  rela- 
tive to  the  value  of  gas  lime  for  manuring  purposes, 
I  will  briefly  state  that  in  December,  1SS4,  the  gar- 
dener of  the  Lock  Hospital,  Harrow  Road,  put  5  tons 
of  the  lime  to  every  half  acre  of  the  garden  ground, 
he  allowed  it  to  be  exposed  to  the  weather  for  four 
weeks,  and  then  it  was  spread  all  over  the  grounds  ; 
then  manured  and  dug  in.  The  results  have  been 
wonderfully  satisfactory.  For  numbers  of  years  it 
had  been  almost  useless  to  sow  Onions  or  plant  Cab- 


340 


Tllli     GARDF.NRRS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  1885. 


l>i<Rei,  The  loil  had  become  ho  impregnated  with 
wircworma  nnd  the  chrysnliH  of  the  CabboRe  bullcrlly, 
iliiit  caterpllliirs  were  »o  aliundnnl  it  Bccmcd  utterly 
liiipelcHH  to  attempt  to  cultivate  Cobbagcn  at  all.  I 
admit  that,  |)rior  to  the  lime  dressiiiR,  thousandh  of 
chryKnliseH  had  liccn  dcBlroyed  by  manual  labour,  but 
lliouiianiln  [irobably  remained  undiscovered.  lie  this  as 
it  may,  there  i»  a  remarkably  line  crop  of  Onions  this 
season  where  thcjjas  lime  h.id  been  duj;  in,  and  the  pro- 
duce of  CablmRea  has  been  very  Rood— the  latter 
now  lookinR  healthy  and  almost  free  from  caterpillars. 
I  am  myself  a  most  thorouRh  believer  in  gas  lime  as 
wilncKscd  in  this  Rardcn.  I  am  informed  that  in  the 
Isle  of  VViRlit  It  Is  used  on  farms  with  excellent  cllecls 
in  ileslriiyinR  the  enemies  of  the  Turnipj.  John  Cole- 
hook. 

EccrcinocariniH  Hcabcr. — This  is  a  veiy  sluiwy 
and  <]inamental  plant.  It  is  well  adapted  lur  tiaininR 
over  ccdumns,  trellises,  &c.  It  was  formerly  much 
Rrown  and  used  for  these  purposes,  but  of  late  years 
lis  cullivalion  has  been  neRleclcd.  I  have  not  seen  a 
plant  of  it  for  some  year*  until  a  few  dajs  ago,  when 
I  railed  on  an  old"  friend.  In  looking  around  I  came 
III  a  line  hpccimen  of  this  beautiful  plant  in  full  llowcr, 
covering  a  considerable  portion  of  a  wall  facinR  west. 
In  coudng  to  the  gardener's  collage  I  was  .surprised 
lo  see  Ihe  south  side  of  Ihc  cottage  nearly  covered 
with  this  plant,  forndng  a  mass  of  Moral  beauly,  Holh 
plants  1  ascertained  had  been  planted  out  about  two 
years,  and  hail  withstood  Ihc  c<ild  of  the  last  two 
winters.  \\  hclhcr  it  is  hardy  enough  lo  stand  a 
severe  winlcr  I  cannot  say — a  little  protection  would 
no  doubt  save  it.  It  is  deserving  of  any  little 
care  or  trouble  bestowed  upon  il,  and  should  be 
planted  in  a  compost  of  sand,  loam,  and  pent.  The 
plant  ran  be  increased  by  cuttings  put  into  ft  sandy 
soil  and  plunged  in  a  gentle  heat  in  ft  pit  or  frame. 
When  rooted  lliey  should  be  potted  olV  singly  and 
lieil  up  lo  slakes  and  be  put  into  a  frame  with  ft  lillle 
builtun-heat  until  they  begin  to  root  freely;  after. 
wiiiils  they  will  do  in  cooler  structures.  When  a 
large  s|iacc  requires  covering  good  |ilanls  should  be 
planted,  which  will  llll  up  vacant  places  much  more 
rapidly  than  smaller  plants  would  do.  M.  Sail/, 
lloli^tilc,  York, 

Laxton'i  Open-air  Tomato.— This  is  a  variety 
which  gardeners  residing  in  localities  adapted  for  the 
(uil-ofdoor  growth  of  this  esculent  should  always 
rultivale.  It  is  a  most  abundant  bearer,  the  plant 
carrying  from  10  to  12  lb.  of  well-developed  fruits, 
and  which  almost  invariably  ripen  thoroughly.  The 
habit  is  dwarf,  and  thus  Ihc  fruit  is  carried  at  such  n 
short  space  from  the  soil  that  but  ft  few  small  stakes 
arc  re(iuircd  as  supports.  Its  nearness  to  the  soil  moy 
also  have  something  lo  do  with  its  good  property  of 
ripening  olT  the  fruit.  The  llavour  is  line,  and  the 
form  not  so  much  corrugated  as  some  ol  the  older 
kinds.  J/.  U: 

Datura  (Brugmnnsia)  suaveolens,— This  is  a 
splendid  greenhouse  llowering  tree  when  it  has  sulVi- 
cient  space  lo  llourish.  lust  lately  1  met  with  two 
very  line  specimens  in  tlie  handsome  and  spacious 
conservatory  at  Sidlmry  Manor,  Hevon  (.\.  P.  Cave, 
Im).).  The  extent  ol  room  they  Idl  will  be  20  feet  by 
1 5,  and  there  wcie  ipiite  250  llowers  open  at  the  time 
ol  my  visit.  These  are  lunncl-shapcd,  S  inches  in 
Icnglh,  and  white,  dcliciously  perfumed,  the  scent 
being  sliongist  in  the  evening.  The  foliage,  loo,  is 
highly  ornamcnial,  and  remains  on  the  plants  in  « 
large  proportion  during  the  winter  months.   W,  N. 

A  Dahlia  Exhibition  for  the  North.— At  the 
recent  exhibition  of  H.ihlias  at  the  (."rystal  Valacc, 
Sydenham,  I  heard  from  some  of  Ihe  growers  of 
Kahlias  from  the  North  the  expression  of  a  desire 
iliat  an  annual  show  of  Hahlias,  similar  lo  that 
held  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  should  be  held  in  some 
rcnlial  place  in  the  North— York  being  mentioned  as 
the  most  suitable  centre  midway  between  London  and 
Scotland.  There  is  at  present  scarcely  an  exhibition 
of  Pahlias  in  the  North  worthy  of  the  name.  It  is 
true  that  priies  ftre  ottered  nt  Itishop  Auckland,  nt 
.Mnwick,  and  other  places,  but  they  ate  scarcely  of  a 
character  to  rouse  the  enthusiasm  of  the  Midland  and 
Northern  growers.  And  yet  the  Dahlia  is  Inrgcly 
grown  in  the  North  by  many  who  are  content  lo 
exhibit  at  merely  local  sliows.  There  are,  no  doubt, 
more  glowers  north  of  Doncaster  than  there  are 
south  of  it.  1  think  that  were  such  a  project  as  a 
National  Show  of  I'ahlias  in  the  North  started,  it 


would  find  a  great  deal  ol  support.  The  best  time 
lo  hold  such  an  exhibition  would  be  about  the  last 
week  in  August.  This  dale  would  be  likely  to  suit 
alike  Ihe  Norlhern  and  .Southern  growers,  and  it 
might  be  made  a  national  exhiljilion  in  the  strictest 
sense  of  the  word  ;  and  would  attract  cultivators  and 
fanciers  of  this  still  popular  (lower  from  all  parts  of 
the  country.  If  Mr.  John  Wilson,  the  Secretary  of 
the  \  (Ilk  Floral  I'Cte,  could  be  induced  to  take  the 
mailer  in  hand,  it  could  scarcely  fail  to  be  less  than 
highly  successful.  Will  the  committee  of  the  York 
Moral  It  le  lend  their  su[iport  to  such  a  movement, 
and  aid  il  by  subscribing  somelbing  substantial  out  of 
Ihe  surplus  funds  at  their  command  I  Mr.  Wilson's 
co-operation  would  command  univcisal  confidence. 
Then  there  is  the  Ancient  Society  of  N'ork  I'lorists, 
headed  by  their  Secretary,  Mr.  John  La/.enby.  Will 
this  body  lend  their  aid  also?  Such  a  show  would 
be  quite  in  keeping  with  the  objects  of  their  associa- 
tion. If  such  a  show  can  be  undertaken,  all  scclions 
of  Dahlias  should  be  fully  represented  in  the  schedule 
of  prizes.  If  this  is  done,  great  interest  will  attach 
to  such  an  exhibition.  Yoik  is  (|uickly  reached  from 
London.  In  this  cily  there  arc  spacious  buildings,  in 
one  of  which  such  a  show  could  take  place,  if  it  be 
not  held  in  the  open  air.  Now  is  the  time  to  stir  in 
the  matter.  What  do  the  Norlhern  growers  say  I 
What  will  Ihe  .Southern  growers  do?  K,  Dean, 
lialins,   11: 

Grapes  at  the  Exeter  Show.— I  endeavoured 
to  give  a  correct  report  of  this  exhibition.  The 
(irapes  were  especially  good,  the  dillercnl  classes  for 
them  being  numerously  contested.  I  made  special 
notes  of  them  at  the  time,  which  were  printed  cor- 
rectly in  last  week's  issue.  Keporler. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  : 
September  8,  9, 

Tins  meeting  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  attrac- 
tive which  the  Society  has  held  this  season,  and 
seemed  to  be  also  a  source  of  pleasure  to  the  thousands 
who  thronged  in  from  the  Inventions  Kxhibition,  and 
to  whom  it  must  have  alTorded  a  welcome  relief  after 
gn/ing  on  man's  handicraft  in  its  unending  galleries. 
The  exhibition  of  fruit  found  quite  as  many  admir- 
ing gn/ers  as  did  the  gorgeous  stands  of  Dahlias, 
(iladioli,  llegonias,  and  Lilies.  Certificated  plants 
were  few,  and  fruits  for  the  same  honour  still  more 
so,  the  only  items  being  a  red-fruited  Raspberry,  a 
Melon  or  two,  and  a  dish  of  Plums. 

Floral  Committee, 

Present — Shirley  llibberd  in  the  chair,  and  Messrs, 

I.  O'liricn,  II.  Williams,  J.  Dominy,  C.  Noble,  J. 
"Child,  ('..  Dullicld;  I.  lames,  T.  Haines,  W.  Bealby, 
W.  Wilks,   II.   P.ennelt,  W.   1!.  Kellock,  J.   Frascr, 

II.  Turner,  J.  Hudson,  J.  Walker,  Dr.  ^Iasters. 

MlSUliLLANEOUS. 


Mr.  'fhos.  Ware  bad  bis  usual  stand  of  flowers  from 
e  open  air,  as  full  and  as  bright  as  ever,  consisting  ot 


,  uvaria.  Lilies,  \'allotas,  grei 
"miMibfis  ot  single  l>ahlias,  early  Chrysanthemums— by 
tin-  way.  tli.m  w'liuli  nothing  can  be  less  interesting  iu 
the  presence  of  the  abundant  late  summer  llowers  oi  tar 
tirigluei  eoloui-s.  A  few  single  P.ilili.is  with  small  llowers, 
foi'wlikh  many  uses  eoiiUl  be  found,  were  noticed  on 
this  st.oul ;  these  were  Mary  Anderson,  a  bright  se.irlet  ; 
Ingomar.  rosy-e.rrmine  ;  Pauline,  light  mauve  ;  Freedom, 
scarlet ;  aiul  1  ,'ittle  Nob,  ileeperimson,  striped  with  m.rroon. 
Cactus  n.ihlias,  se.irlet  .ind  white,  pompon  and  show 
varieties,  were  seen  in  numbers,  and  noticeable  among 
the  Lilies  were  some  spikes  of  the  delicate  eream- 
colonred  I.eiehtlini,  nnd  the  latc-Howering  Silcne  Shafta, 
rose-eolouR-il  and  dwirrf.  A  Silver-gilt  Medal  w.is 
awarded  Mr.  Ware  for  the  collection. 

Mess-s.  W.  Paul  it  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  had  the 
autunm  red-flowering  Rose,  Waltham  Climber  N'o.  r,  of 
bright  eerise  colour  ;  Tritoma  nobilis,  fine  spikes  of  yellow 
and  se.nlei.  superior  lo  the  ordinary  forms  of  T.  uvaria  ; 
llyperieiuu  nepaleuse.  a  slender,  dwiuf  St.  ]ohn's-wori, 
suit.ible  tor  the  rockery. 

Mr.  K.  Aylmg.  gr.  to  ).  Hollington,  Esq.,  Ferny  Hill, 
Kniield,  showed  a  slender-growing  liucharis,  named 
HoUingtomeusis,  small-Howered,  and  long-stnlked. 

l-'rom  Messrs,  R.  X'eitch  &  Son,  Exeter,  there  was  the 
pale  rose-eolouied  Eseallonia  cxoniensis  :  nnd  from  Mr. 
.\stlett,  gr.  to  Colonel  llntler,  Warren  Wood,  Hattield, 
a  double-flowered  pink  Hegonia,  a  fine  plant  of  N'anda 
Sanderiana,  with  tourleen  blooms  on  two  spikes  ;  a 
Cultui'.il  Commendaiion  was  awarded  the  grower. 

Messrs.  j.  X'eitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  the  sin- 
gular-looking l-\-rn,  l.omariopsis  buxitolia,  with  a  elinib- 
mg  liubit  ol  growUi,  and  Box-like  foliage,  app,\reutly  a 
capital  object  lor  covering  small  objects  in  damp  places 
in  the  stove  ;  Dracrena  Norwoodensis,  a  variety  with 
dark  green  foliage,  edged  and  striped  with  rose  colour  ; 
-■XniiVionia  pnnicea,  Jiowing  habit  of  plant  in  a  very 
young  stale. 


A  pretty,  small  plant  of  Odontoglossum  Kramcri 
came  from  H.  ].  Buchan,  Esq.,  Wilton  House,  South- 
ampton :  it  received  a  Cultural  Commendation. 

'I'hc  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Co.,  Colchester,  bad  a  large 
group  of  Lilium  auratum,  mixed  up  with  plants  of  Val- 
loui  purpurea. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  showed  a  variety  ol  the  same 
with  a  dull  dark  brown  band  in  place  of  a  golden  one  on 
each  petal.  It  is  by  no  means  an  improvement  on 
auratum.  Fourcroya  longiEva,  with  a  flower-stalk  bear- 
ing young  bulbils  developing  into  plants  as  is  customary 
in  this  species  was  shown  by  the  same  firm. 

Some  good  specimens  of  the  Glasgow  Prize  Cocks- 
comb, one  of  which  had  a  comb  2  feet  in  length  and 
9  inches  in  width,  were  sent  by  Mr.  H.  Crichton,  Bellaire 
Garden,  Greenock. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son  h.-id.  as  usual,  a  large  assort- 
ment of  Gladioli  from  Langport.  Many  very  fine  kinds 
were  to  be  found  in  it,  but  space  only  allows  of  the 
certificated  kinds  being  alluded  to,  as  Prince  Waldemar, 
purple-rose  and  white  throat ;  Lord  Carnarvon,  orange- 
scarlet  ;  J.  L.  loole,  cerise-red  and  while  throat ;  the 
spikes  of  all  three  being  of  more  than  average  height,  as 
shown.  We  do  not  know  how  it  is  that  certificated 
Gladioli  have  become  smaller  when  seen  the  next  and 
following  years.  A  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded  lor  the  general  collection. 

A  fine  efleclive  group  of  Begonias  was  placed  by 
Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Co.  in  the  space  facing  the  re- 
freshment bulfel,  comprising  many  of  their  fine  varieties, 
and  to  which  a  .Silver-gilt  Medal  was  awarded. 

Messrs.  Rawlings  Brothers'  new  Dahlia,  Bird  of 
Passage,  is  a  bright  looking  white  bloom,  tinged  and 
edged  on  the  petals  with  purplish-rose  :  the  size  is 
medium,  centre  full  and  qu.ality  very  high.  D.-ihlia  Mrs. 
G.  Rawlings  has  the  same  tints  as  the  foregoing  in  an 
intenser  way — form  being  .as  good.  Some  flowers  show 
less  colour  than  others.  D.ahlia  G.  I^aul  is  called  a  de- 
corative kind  in  opposition  to  show  kinds,  the  petals  are 
sufluscd  pink,  tipped  with  lake,  and  the  habit  of  flower 
rather  wanting  in  refinement. 

FlRST-CLASS  Certh-icates. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  for  Lilium  auratum  var- 
rubro  vittata. 

To  Messrs.  J.os.  Vciteh  &  Sons,  for  Lomariopsis  buxi- 
folia  and  Drae;ena  Norwoodiensis. 

To  Mr.  T.  Ware,  for  D.ahlia  Mrs.  Hawkins. 

To  Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  for  Rose 
Waltham  Climber  No.  i. 

To  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  for  Dahlia  Mrs.  G.  Raw- 
lings, Dahlia  Bird  of  Passage,  and  Dahlia  G.  Paul. 

■To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Dahlia  Faust  and 
Dahlia  Eclipse. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Waldemar, 
Gladiolus  J.  I..  Toole,  .and  Gladiolus  Lord  Carnarvon. 


Fruit  Committee, 

Present :  F.  D.  Godman,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ; 
Messrs.  G.  Bunyard,  J.  Roberts,  J.  Willard,  G.  T. 
Miles,  T.  F.  Rivers,  J.  Ellam,  C.  Silverlock,  C. 
Ross,  G.  Goldsmith,  W.  Paul,  J.  B.  Ilayward,  R.  D. 
Blackmore,  A.  W'.  Sutton,  Harrison  Weir,  G.  Paul, 
R.  Hogg,  j.  Woodbridge. 

Mr.  Beckett,  The  Gardens,  .Mdenham  Park,  Elstree, 
exhibited  six  brace  of  Cucumbers,  and  received  a  Vote 
of  Thanks. 

Messrs.  R.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Exeter,  showed  a  seedling 
Peach,  a  cross  between  Belle  de  Vitry  and  Galande  ;  and 
also  one  a  cross  between  Late  .-Xdmirable  and  Belle  de 
Vilry.  They  were  .accorded  a  Vote  of  Thanks.  From 
the  same  exhibitor  came  a  bunch  of  one  of  the  .-Vmerican 
Fox  Grapes,  under  the  name  of  Garibirldi ;  it  had  been 
introduced  from  France. 

Mr.  Miles,  The  Gardens,  Wycombe  .\bbey,  exhibited 
Gros  Maroc  Cirape  ;  the  liunch  was  a  splendid  speci- 
men, with  well-bloomed,  large  berries. 

Mr.  George  Bunyard,  Miiidstone,  showed  a  branch  of 
Crittenden  Damson,  full  of  fruit  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Dean, 
Ealing,  exhibited  fruit  of  Ihe  same  variety.  Mr.  Bun- 
yard  tiad  also  a  dish  of  the  fruit  from  budded  trees,  which 
was  larger  than  that  raised  from  suckers. 

Buncnes  of  seedling  Raspberry,  named  Late  Prolific, 
were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Herrin,  Gerard's  Cross.  The 
committee  desired  to  see  the  fruit  again  at  the  next 
meeting. 

Messrs.  W^ebb  &  Son,  Wordsley,  exhibited  a  seedling 
Melon,  Beauty  of  Wordsley,  but  it  was  over-ripe. 

Mr.  George  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  showed  Pears  Dr. 
Jules  Guyot,  Souvenir  de  Congr6s,  and  Williams'  Bon 
iuhre'iien,  and  received  a  Vote  of  Tli.inks.  The  first 
named  Pc;u-  was  a  handsome  fruit,  but  of  an  interior 
flavour. 

Mr.  R.  A.  Bray.  Bedfont,  sent  Pear  Williams'  Bon 
ChrcHien  from  standards. 

Mr.  T.  Laxton,  Bedford,  sent  Self  Help,  a  seedling 
Plum,  in  appearance  like  a  large  Mussel ;  it  is  a  cook- 
ing variety,  but  inferior  to  Diamond. 

Bronze  Rrnksian  Med.als  were  awarded  as  foUows  : — 

Mr.  S.  Ford — Pears  and  Plums. 

Mr.   J.   Rose,  Lockinge  Giudens,    Wantage — Plums. 

Mr.  Abet  PhiUips,  Gloston  Gardens,  Uppingham — 
Plums. 

Mr.  J.  Gore,  The  Gardens,  Glenleigh,  Hastings — 
Plums. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Divers.  Maidstone — Plums. 

Mr.  Rues.  Pouleit  Lodge.  Twickenham— Plums. 

Mr.  W.  Dance,  The  Giu-dens,  Gosfield  Hall,  Halstead 
— Plums. 

Mr.  G.  Hawkins,  Ewening  Priory,  Bridgend — Collee- 
lion  of  frtiit. 


September  i;,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


341 


Dahlias. 

For  the  best  forty-eight  blooms,  distinct,  show  varie- 
ties (nurserymen).— ist,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  tlie 
flowers  being  of  the  usual  first-rate  quality  which  the 
Slough  Nursery  turns  out ;  and  without  wading  through 
a  long  list  of  names,  we  will  indicate  a  few  of  the  choicest 
in  the  stand,  as  Seraph,  Goldfinder,  J.  Saltmarsh,  Mrs. 
I„angtry,  G.  Rawlings.  Bismarck,  Rev.  J.  Godday,  W. 
H.  VV'iUiams,  W.  Kawlings,  Imperi.1l,  Constancy,  Chas. 
Wyatt,  and  Lady  Gladys  Herbert.  2d,  Mr.  W.  Boston, 
Carthorpe,  Bedale  :  his  best  examples  were  Fred  Smith, 
Shirley  Hibberd,  Jos.  Ashley,  Hope,  Constancy,  and 
Annie  Neville  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co., 
S.alisbury. 

Twenty-four  blooms,  distinct,  show  varieties  (nur- 
serymen).— 1st,  Messrs.  Rawlings  Brothers,  Romford— 
Flag  of  Truce,  H.  Glasscock  Professor  ' Fawcett,  Mrs. 
Glasscock,  James  Stephens,  Bird  of  Passage,  Mrs. 
Harris,  and  Ethel  Britten,  being  some  of  the  best  blooms 
in  the  stand  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons,  Chelms- 
ford, the  blooms  of  H.  Walton,  Earl  Bcaconsfield,  Gold- 
finder,  Ethel  Britten,  Imperial,  and  Acme  of  Perfection  ; 
3d,  Mr.  ].  Walker,  a  well-finished  lot  of  blooms,  but 
which  were  deficient  in  size. 

Twenty-four  blooms  fancy  Dahlias,-  distinct  (nursery- 
men).— In  this  class,  that  contained  some  very  pretty  ex- 
amples, Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  were  ist,  the 
best  flowers  being  Rev.  J.  B.  Camm,  Rebecca,  Hercules, 
Neptune,  Mrs.  Saunders,  Gaiety  sport,  Ed.  Peck,  Fanny 
Short,  General  Gordon,  and  Miss  .\.  Neilson  ;  2d,  Mr. 
C.  Turner,  with  such  fine  flowers  as  Annie  Pritchard, 
Miss  Lily  Large,  Duke  of  .Albany,  Grand  Sultan,  and 
Mr.  G.  Head  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Boston,  Bedale. 

Twelve  blooms,  fancy  Dahli.as  (nurserymen). — ist, 
Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons,  some  fine  flowers  being  seen 
in  Gaiety,  Galatea,  Flag  of  Truce,  Oracle,  Rebecca,  Mrs. 
Saunders,  Hercules,  Egyptian  Prince,  and  Richard 
Dean ;  2d,  Messrs.  Rawlings  Brothers,  whose  Frank 
Pearce,  .Annie  (seedling),  -A.  F.  Barron,  and  Professor 
Fawcett,  were  superior  blooms  ;  3d,  Mr.  ].  W.alker. 

Twenty-four  blooms,  show  Dahlias  (amateurs). — In 
this  class  the  ist  prize  went  to  the  North  country,  Mr. 
Spoor,  of  Prospect  Cottage,  Musgrave,  Low  Fell,  Gates- 
head, .and  in  the  stand  were  excellent  specimens  of  Earl 
of  R,avensworth,  Emperor,  Rev.  J.  B.  Camm,  Hon.  Mrs. 
P.  Wyndham,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Prince  Bismarck,  Seraph, 
Clara,  W.  Rawlings,  Flora  Wyatt ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Glasscock, 
Rye  Street,  Bishops  Stortford,  whose  floweJS  ol  the  under- 
mentioned were  very  fine  : — G.  Rawlings,  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone. Jas.  Cocker,  Mrs.  Harris,  Senator,  Ethel  Britten, 
and  Bugleman.  3d,  Mr.  C.  Hockney,  Stokesley,  York- 
shire, with  good  blooms,  bnt  which  were  uneven  in  size 
and  unequal  as  to  quality. 

Six  blooms,  distinct,  fancy  varieties  (amateurs).- ist, 
Mr.  J.  T.  VVest,  gr.  to  W.  Keith,  Esq.,  Cornwalls, 
Brentwood — Hugh  Austen,  Mrs.  Saunders,  H.  Glass- 
cock, and  Chorister  being  his  best  blooms.  2d,  Mr.  H. 
Glasscocks,  the  blooms  Flora  Wyatt  and  John  Lamont 
being  good  ones.  3d,  Mr.  J.  Bass,  gr.  to  A.  S.  Pricely, 
Esq.,  Park  House  Side,  Ewell. 

Twenty-four  blooms,  distinct,  pompon  varieties  (open). 
— ist,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  In  this  class 
there  were  many  pretty  useful  flowers  that  may  be  put  to 
a  v.ariety  of  purposes  in  garden  decoration,  some  of  the 
more  striking  kinds  being  Lady  Blanche,  white  ;  E.  F. 
]unker,  suphur  and  red  :  Favourite,  crimson  ;  Brtinette, 
pink  centre,  carmine  outer  petals  ;  Darkness,  crimson, 
very  dark  ;  Little  Bobby,  crimson  ;  Fanny  Weiner, 
yellow  and  orange  ;  Gem,  scarlet  ;  Garnet,  the  same  as 
the  last;  Placemaker,  rose  coloured.  2d,  Mr.  C.Turner, 
with  Carl  Mendel,  crimson  ;  Louis  Rodain,  lilac  ;  White 
Aster,  white,  suft'used  lilac.  3d,  Messrs.  Chcal  &'.Sons, 
Crawley. 

Twenty-four  blooms,  distinct,  single  varieties  (open). — 
ist,  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons,  with  sorts  well  displayed  in 
pyramidal  bunches  :  flowers  large  and  well  contrasted  ; 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co. 

Spf.cial  PRIZI!S. 

These  prizes  were  awarded  by  Mr.  Charles  Turner, 
Slough,  to  amateur  growers  only. 

For  twelve  blooms,  distinct,  show  varieties.— ist,  Mr. 
].  T.  West,  good  examples  of  the  following  being 
observed: — Mrs. Kawlings,  ilrs. G.Harris.  Henry  Walton, 
Mrs.  Langtry,  Geo.  Rawlings,  Mrs.  Harris,  Joseph 
Green  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Glasscock  ;  3d,  Mr.  ].  Walker. 

Twelve  blooms,  distinct,  fancy  varieties.— ist,  Mr.  J. 
T.  West,  with  Gaiety,  Peacock,  Hugh  Austen,  and 
Chorister ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Gliisscock,  with  a  handsome 
stand  of  fine  blooms  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Garratt,  Bishop's 
Stortford. 

Six  blooms,  distinct,  pompon  varieties. — ist,  Mr. 
Glasscock,  with  pretty  bunches  of  Guiding  Star,  Mabel, 
Isabel,  Gem,  Favourite,  and  Lady  Blanche  ;  2d,  Mr. 
].  T.  West ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  Harpenden. 

Six  blooms,  distinct,  single  kinds. — ist,  E.  M.  Nelson, 
Esq.,  Ealing  (Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.). 

Show,  fancy,  and  other  kinds  of  Dahlias,  were  in 
great  numbers  staged  by  various  members  of  the  trade, 
notably  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  and  Messrs.  Rawlings 
Brothers.  Cut  flowers  were  shown  by  Mr.  Boothroyilo, 
gr.  to  H.  Coleman,  Esq.,  Woodville,  Dover,  to  whom  a 
Bronze  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded.  Messrs.  Cannell 
obtained  a  Silver-gilt  Medal  for  their  Dahlias,  Begonia 
blooms,  &c. 

Fruit. 

Fruit  was  confined  on  this  occasion  exclusively  to 
Grapes,  and  then  not  at  all  in  the  ordinary  form  of  col- 
lections of  several  kinds,  as  is  so  common,  and  by  which 
arrangement  sorts  are  repeated  ad  nauseam  ;  but  by 
inviting,  through  separate  classes  for  each,  no  less  than 
twenty-six  kinds  to  name,  with  one  extra  class  for  any 
other  kind  ;  and  thus  it  happened  that  some  thirty  dis- 
tinct sort*  were  staged.     Probably  the  effect  of  such  a 


system  of  classing  was  detrimental  to  the  exhibition  as  a 
spectacle,  but  as  an  educational  eflbrt  it  was  worthy  of 
all  praise,  and  it  was  specially  pleasing  to  find,  as  -the 
various  classes  were  judged,  that  few  mistakes  in  nomen- 
clature had  been  made.  In  few  cl.asses  was  the  compe- 
tition large,  no  doubt  a  two  days'  show  operating  some- 
what against  the  entries.  In  some  classes  the  competi- 
tion was  most  meagre,  showing  that  few  gardeners  com- 
paratively cultivate  many  kinds  that  are,  as  a  rule,  not 
free  doers,  though  perhaps  having  superior  flavour. 

The  classes  were  somewhat  mixed,  as  they  ran  alpha- 
betically, hence  the  list  opens  with  Alicante,  of  which 
there  were  seven  pairs  of  bimches,  including  some  grand 
samples— Mr.  Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq.,  Park  Hill, 
Streatham  Common,  coming  ist.  with  high-class  bunches 
weighing  loS  lb,,  superbly  finished.  Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to 
the  Marquiss  of  Bath,  1  .ongleat,  with  other  large  bunches, 
a  little  rubbed,  and  Mr.  J.  Lowry,  gr.  to  |.  Mac.-\ndrew, 
Esq.,  Mill  Uill,  who  had  if  rather  sm.aller  some  perfect 
samples,  »tre  placed  equ.al  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J.  HoUings 
worth,  gr.  to  J.  F.  Campbell,  Esq.,  Uttoxeter,  w.is  3d, 
with  really  good  bunches. 

The  next  cl.-iss  w.as  .Mnwick  Seedling,  which  com. 
prised  five  lots  only,  but  the  quality  was  remarkably 
even,  and,  indeed,  has  in  that  respect  rarely  been 
excelled.  Mr.  Clayton,  Grimston  H.all  Gardens,  was 
put  1st,  with  some  double  massive  bunches,  fine  in  berry 
and  deep  of  hue  ;  Mr.  Wallis,  gr.  to  R.  Sneyd,  Esq., 
Keele  Hall,  who  had  smaller  but  very  perfect  bunches, 
and  Mr.  Roberts,  Guniiersbury  Park  Gardens,  were 
placed  equal  2d,  the  latter  having  beautiful  samples  ; 
and,  finally,  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  gr.  toll.  J.Atkinson,  Esq., 
M.P.,  and  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington, 
Elv.-iston,  were  placed  ecivial  3d,  all  samples  being  so 
good. 

Of  Black  Hamburghs,  of  which  there  were  but  four 
lots,  Mr.  Pratt,  who  had  again  huge,  massive  bunches, 
was  placed  equal  ist  with  Mr.  Roberts,  whose  samples, 
if  smaller,  were  exceptionally  perfect  in  form,  and  finely 
m<atured  :  Mr.  Vert,  gr.  to  Lord  Braybrook,  Audley 
End  Gardens,  came  2d,  with  longish  tapering  bunches, 
rather  wanting  colour ;  and  Mr.  ].  Read,  The  Gardens, 
Moat  Mount,  Mill  Hill,  was  3d. 

There  were  but  two  lots  ol  Black  Prince,  fairly  good 
samples  of  this  moderately  grown  Grape — Mr.  Baird, 
gr.  to  J.  .A.  Daw,  Esq.,  Eahng,  coming  ist;  and  Mr. 
C.  J.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Hoare,  Esq.,  Beckenham, 
was  2d. 

Of  Buckland  Sweetwater  only  five  lots  were  staged, 
Mr.  Roberts  having  the  best  in  solid  bunches  and  large 
berries,  well  finished  ;  Mr.  S.  Castle,  West  Lynn,  came 
2d  ;  and  Mr.  G.  M.  Allis,  The  G.udens,  Old  Warden 
Park,  Biggleswade,  3d. 

There  were  but  three  exhibits  of  the  Duke  of  Buc- 
cleuch,  Mr.  W.  Allen,  (Junton  Park,  having  the  best,  in 
rather  loose  bunches,  but  with  fine  berries  ;  Mr.  G. 
Tucker,  gr.  to  J.  L.  Lovibond,  ICsq.,  Farnborough,  was 
placed  next,  with  smaller  samples  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Baird 
came  3d.     The  Duke  is  evidently  not  a  popular  Grape. 

A  less  known  Grape,  Dutch  Hamburgh,  found  only 
one  lot  to  represent  it,  moderate  bunches,  about  i  lb. 
each,  berries  large  and  well  hanmiered  like  those  of 
Frankcnthal.     These  came  from  Mr.  Read. 

That  superbly-flavoured  white  Grape,  Dr.  Hogg,  also 
found  only  one  '  lot  to  exhibit  its  merits— handsome 
samples,  however,  which  came  from  Mr.  Hill,  gr.  to 
Lord  Rothschild,  Tring  Park.  These  \yere  pretty  taper- 
ing bunches,  and  showing  high  cultivation. 

Foster's  Seedlings  brought  only  five  lots  ;  one  other, 
a  handsome  sample  from  Mr.  Allen,  proving  on  careful 
scrutiny  to  be  Wliite  Tokay,  and  was  disqualified,  but 
had  an  extra  prize  aw.ardcd.  No  blame  was  attached  to 
the  exhibitor,  as  it  is  known  that  this  Grape  has  been 
sent  out  for  Foster's  Seedling. 

The  best  bunches  of  the  re.al  Simon  Pure  came  from 
Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey  Gardens,  whose 
samples  were  excellent  and  finely  coloured.  Mr.  Horse- 
field,  gr.  to  Lord  Heytcsbury,  Wilts,  came  2d  with 
neat  bunches  ;  and  Mr.  Taylor,  gr.  10  J.  Mcintosh,  Esq., 
Weybridge,  was  3d. 

Of  Pearson's  Golden  Queen  there  were  but  two  lots, 
fair-sized  bunches,  but  wanting  finish.  Mr.  Folkcs,  gr. 
to  J.  F.  Ilalsey,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Ilemel  Hempstead,  was 
1st,  and  Mr  Wallis  2d. 

"That  better  known  Grape,  Gros  Colmar,  brought 
five  lots  only,  the  finest,  about  3  lb.  bunches,  coming 
from  Mr.  M.  Dawes,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Meynell 
Ingram,  Temple  Newsome  ;  Mr.  A.  Smith,  Warren  Hill, 
Loughton,  coming,2d  with  large  irregular  bunches  ;  and 
Mr.  Tucker,  who  was  3d,  had  small  but  grandly  finished 
bunches. 

Placed  in  the  schedule  as  Gros  Guillaume,  but  best 
known  as  Barbarossa,  this  fine  Grape  found  only  one 
pair  of  bunches  to  represent  it,  but  these  were  capital 
samples  from  Mr.  R.  D,awes,  and  well  merited  the  ist 
prize  awarded. 

Gros  Maroc  w.as  also  moderately  represented,  only 
five  lots  being  staged,  but  the  quality  was  good.  Curi- 
ously enough  of  these  five  samples  three  lots  showed 
berries  of  distinctly  oval  form,  whilst  those  of  the 
other  bunches  were  perfectly  round  ;  yet  in  all  other 
respects,  even  to  the  wood,  there  was  no  difference. 
Mr.  Roberts  h.ld  medium  sized  hut  subcrbly  finished 
berries  of  the  oval  type.  Mr.  Miles  came  2d  with  the 
same  form,  and  Mr.  Wallis  was  3d. 

That  popular  late  CJrape,  Lady  Downo's,  brought  six 
pairs,  Mr.  Hollingsworth  coming  ist  with  big  bunches, 
but  rather  wanting  colour  ;  Mr.  Wallis  coming  2d,  his 
bunches,  if  smaller,  being  more  highly  coloured  ;  and 
Mr.  Allis  was  3d. 

Only  four  lots  of  Mrs.  Pearson  were  put  up,  Mr.  Allen 
having  large  uneven  bunches,  berries  good  size,  and 
fairly  well  coloured.  Mr.  Horseficld  was  2d  with 
smaller  but  heavy  handsome  samples,  and  being  staged 
on  a  pink  ground  made  the  berries  to  glow  with  colour. 


Fine  lots  again  were  staged  of  Madresfield  Court 
Grape,  the  finest- if  not  handsome,  at  le.ast  deep  coloured 
in  berry— coming  from  Mr.  Hudson,  whilst  Mr.  Good- 
.^cre  li.id  very  handsome  even  bunches  a  trifle  smaller, 
Mr.  Vent  and  Mr.  Roberts  being  placed  equal  3d,  as 
both  lots  were  so  good. 

Mrs.  Pince  brought  no  less  than  seven  competitors, 
Mr.  Pratt  coming  first  with  huge  massive  bunches  and 
finely  coloured  berries,  but  getting  a  little  stale.  Mr.  H. 
Sewcll,  Loughton,  came  next  with  smaller  handsome 
bunches,  but  rather  lacking  colour,  as  indeed  did  all  the 
rest.     Mr.  Wallis  was  3d. 

Of  the  Muscat  Hamburgh  there  were  but  three  lots,  Mr. 
Goodacre  having  the  best  in  fair  sized  samples,  very  fresh 
but  a  little  lacking  finish.  Mr.  Horseficld  was  next, 
with  sm.iUer  but  neat  bunches  ;  and  Mr.  Allen  was  3d. 
with  large  loose  bunches,  b.adly  coloured. 

Only  two  lots  of  Mill  Hill  Hamburgh  put  in  appear-  ■ 
ance,  Mr.  Taylor  having  the  best,  and  Mr.   Re.id  the 
others,  which  were  rather  rubbed. 

Muscat  Champion  was  the  only  Grape  invited  that  did 
not  put  in  an  appearance. 

The  best  filled  class  was  that  for  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
there  being  eight  lots  staged,  the  finest  coming  from 
Mr.  Lowry,  who  had  massive  clusters  and  good  berries, 
but  still  rather  wanting  colour  ;  Mr.  Pratt  came  2d  with 
other  grand  bunches,  even  less  well  coloured  ;  and  Mr. 
Roberts  was  3d,  with  solid  medium  sized  bunches,  but 
the  best  coloured  in  the  class. 

Only  one  pair  bunches  of  Raisin  do  Calabre  put  in  an 
appearance,  and  these  proved  to  be  Trebbiano.  Mr. 
Barron  showed  the  true  Raisin  de  ( 'alabre  from  Chiswick, 
and  that  presented  a  very  dilVerciit  form  of  bunch  and 
berry,  witli  very  diverse  llesh  and  fl.ivour. 

Only  one  lot  {f  Roy.al  Muscadine  was  shown,  and  Ihat 
so  poor  a  sample  that  only  a  3d  prize  was  awarded. 

Four  lots  of  Trebbiano,  all  fine  bunches,  were  put  up, 
Mr.  Hollingworth  having  the  best  in  large  clusters, 
berries  rather  uneven,  but  still  good  ;  Mr.  J.  Edmonds, 
Bestwood  Lodge  Gardens,  was  2d,  with  smaller  but 
handsome  bunches  ;  and  Mr.  Roberts  was  3d. 

Mr.  Baird  had  the  only  sample  of  West's  St.  Peter, 
good  bunches,  richly  coloured,  and  worthy  the  ist  prize. 

Of  White  Tokay  there  were  but  two  lots,  Mr.  Roberts 
having  the  best  in  finely  coloured  .(  lb.  samples,  and 
Mr.  Hollingworth  was  2d,  his  samples  being  too  green. 

The  class  for  any  other  kind  brought  line  lots,  Mr.  J. 
Wells,  gr.  to  R.  Ravenhill,  Esq.,  Fern  Hill,  Windsor, 
being  ist,-  with  Cooper's  Black,  finely  berried  and 
coloured,  and  as  close  as  two  Peas  like  to  the  rounil  form 
of  Gros  Maroc  before  noticed.  Mr.  Horseficld  w.as  2d, 
with  ChatswOrth  Seedling,  a  bl.ick  kind  not  unlike 
Venn's  Muscat,  stiU  exccll.ni  .,iiii]il,  .  ;  and  Mr.  Roberts 
was  3d,  with  fairly  good  1  'H'  Ii 1  1  luileuch. 

Of  other  kinds  shouii  wn.  1  I  1.  L  I'rontignan  and 
Black  Monnuka,  the  lalt.  1  liiv.iiiini;  I, ugc  loose  bunches 
and  pointed  reddish  berries  that  were  the  reverse  of 
pleasing  in  appearance. 

Mr.  Roupell's  special  class  for  Frontignan  Grapes 
brought  no  entry,  whilst  for 

Messrs.  Webber  &  Go's  Grapk.  PAnciNr:  Prizes 

the  boxes  or  baskets  sent  by  rail  as  parcels,  each  to 
contain  12  lb.  of  fruit,  the  ist  prize  went  to  Mr.  S. 
Castle,  for  a  capitally  packed  b.asket,  which  was  a 
simple  cross-handle  white  wicker  one,  and  oval  in  shape. 
holding  about  a  peck  and  a  half.  This  was  simply  lined 
with  two  sheets  of  tissue  paper,  and  bunches  being 
dropped  in  all  round  the  sides  so  that  the  stems  could 
be  lied  to  the  b.asket  at  the  top  ;  other  bunches  were 
dropped  into  the  middle  and  these  closing  down  fixed 
the  whole  lirmly.  Then  some  Willow  sticks  were  bent 
over  the  basket,  under  the  handles]  and  stout  paper 
tied  over,  and  in  this  way  the  packing  \vri>;  oiinplele. 
Cert.ainly,  nothing  could  be  lighter  or  siiuplii.  wlnhl  llic 
Grapes  within  were  perfect.  Mr.  Goodaiiv  c  im'  .il,  uilli 
a  similar  b<asket,  his  Grapes  showing  oil  lirii.r,  .is  he 
had  buried  his  stems  in  packing,  but  that  is  no  advan- 
tage as  in  unpacking  the  berries  get  rubbed.  Mr.  Tur- 
ton.  Maiden  Erleigh  Gardens,  was  3d,  his  Grapes  being 
in  a  deal  box,  well  packed,  but  of  coKrse  much  greater 
in  bulk  than  are  baskets.  There  were  four  lots  in 
baskets  and  four  in  boxes,  but  Mr.  Castle  had  two 
baskets  out  of  the  four. 

Mr.  Roupell  showed  an  intcrestinr;  rnllrctinn  of  grizzly 
Grapes,  small  in  bunch  ;  and  M-  r,.  I  m-  S  .Sons, 
Bcrkhamstead,  had  seven  ol  tluii  r.i  in,l  |.  ii  \  inrs,  huge 
circular  tr.aincd  plants,  in  nioir.irr  pnis,  r.uh  plant 
carrying  from  fifteen  to  twenty  fine  hiiiu:hes,',well  finished : 
these  included  Black  Hamburgh,  (iros  Maroc,  Foster's 
Seedling,  Alicante,  and  Gros  Colmar. 


GRAND  NATIONAL  DAHLIA  and  FRUIT 
SHOW,  CRYSTAL  PALACE  :  Septem- 
ber 4  and  s. 

Tin:  Dahlia  Showtook  place  inconjuctionwith  the  fruit 
show  at  1'  <  1 V  til  I'll.!,,',  and  it  was  a  source  of  great 
gratilli    1         I      1'         ImI'iImi,  that  they  were  once  more 

able  1"    '        ii'  "   1' "  ihe  western  portion  of  the 

nave,  m  '  "I  "i  m  '  >'  'ii  m  ilnMipen  ground,  as  last  year. 
The  entries  in  all  the  cl.isseswcre  numerous— much  more 
numerous  indeed  than  could  have  been  expected,  con- 
sidering the  dry  character  of  the  summer  ;  but  the 
showers  of  the  two  or  three  days  previously  kept  a 
few  away  that  would  otherwise  have  competed.  One 
grower  from  Scotland  stated  that  his  plants  had  been 
injured  by  frost  the  Tuesd.iy  previously.  Mr.  Turner 
was  in  good  form,  the  flowers  of  good  size,  and  of 
remark.able  quality  ;  while  those  of  his  rivals,  Messrs. 
Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  were  small  and  rough,  show- 
ing the  effects  of  the  dry  weather.  The  Northern 
growers  were  well  represented,  and  they  gave  a  good 


342 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  18 


account  ot  Ihemselves.  On  tlie  whole  it  was  a  thoroughly 
representative  exhibition,  all  classes  of  flowers  being  well 
rfpresented,  and  the  seedlings,  especially  those  from 
Messrs.  Rawlings  Brothers,  were  most  promising. 

Show  Dahlias. 

In  the  nurserymen's  class  for  forty-eight  distinct 
varieties  there  were  five  competing  collections,  Mr. 
Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  being  ist,  with 
a  very  good  and  well-balanced  lot,  in  the  selection  of 
which  for  the  premier  position  the  judges  could  have 
found  but  little  trouble,  the  varieties  being  Miss  Canndl, 
Mrs.  Langtry,  James  Stephens,  William  Rawlings,  Mrs 
Hodgson,  Harry  Turner,  dark  maroon,  nearly  black, 
e.vtra  tine;  Lady  Wimborne,  Mrs.  G.  Harris,  Goldfinder, 
Joseph  Green,  Statesman,  Julia  Wyatt,  Georgiana, 
Joseph  Ashby,  Mrs.  Harris,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Clara, 
Senator,  Champion  Rollo.  James  Cocker,  J.  B.  Service, 
Burgundy,  ]•'.  J.  Saltmarsh,  y-llow,  deeply  edged  with 
red,  distinct  and  pleasing  ;  [ohn  Standish,  Mrs.  F. 
Foreman,  Seraph,  Lady  G.  Herbert,  Prince  Bismarck, 
Canary,  Prince  of  Denmark.  Henry  Walton,  Rosetta. 
Mrs.  S.  HIbberd,  Mrs,  Kendal,  white,  heavily  edged 
and  tipped  with  purple  ;  Mrs.  Henshaw,  Mrs.  DougLis, 
vivid  scarlet,  bright  and  showy  ;  Imperial,  Jas.  Bennett, 
Muriel,  Constancy,  Hope,  Chris.  Ridley,  George  Raw- 
lings, Mrs.  Gladstone.  Hon.  Mr.  P.  Wyndham, 
Sunbeam,  and  Ruby  Gem.'  2d,  Mr.  Henry  Boston, 
Manor  Farm,  Carlhorpe,  Bedale,  Yorkshire,  with  larger 
fiovvtrs  generally,  but  not  so  refined  as  those  Irom  Slough, 
still  a  very  good  contribution  indeed  from  the  North.  1  he 
varieties  were  : — Henry  Bond,  Sunbeam,  Emily  Edwards, 
Charles  Leicester,  James  Vick,  Clara,  Mrs.  Stancomb. 
Alex.  Cramond,  Joseph  Green,  James  Stephens,  Thomas 
Goodwin,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Wilhani  Rawhngs,  Joseph  Ashby, 
Egyptian  Prince  (self).  The  Rover,  Flag  of  Truce,  Tri- 
umphant, James  O'Brien  (sell).  Vice-President,  Miss 
Henshaw,  Lord  Chelmsford,  H.  W.  Ward,  Harrison 
Weir,  Hope.  Senator,  Constancy,  Mr.  H.  Williams, 
Mrs.  Harris,  Pioneer,  Artist,  Prince  of  Denmark, 
William  Dodds.  a  fine  orange-buff  self  ;  James  Cocker, 
Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wyndham,  Mrs.  G.  Harris,  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, veiy  fine  ;  Goldfinder,  Ethel  Britton,  Henry 
Walton,  Imperial,  John  Wyatt,  Prince  Bismarck,  J.  C. 
Reid,  Mary  Nesbitt,  Criterion,  Shirley  Hibberd,  and 
Annie  Neville.  3d,  Messrs.  Harkuess  &  Sons,  florists. 
Grange,  near  Bedale  ;  4th,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co.,  Castle  Street  Nursery,  Salisbury. 

A  similar  number  of  competitors  contended  in  Class 
B,  for  twenty-lour  show  varieties,  and  here  Messrs. 
Saltmarsh  &  Son,  nurserymen.  Chelmsford,  were  ist 
with  a  very  good,  fresh,  well  developed  lot  of  flowers, 
consisting  of  Criterion,  Goldfinder,  James  Cocker,  Mrs. 
Dodds,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wyndh.im,  I.  B.  Service,  Ethel 
Britton,  Joseph  Ashby,  Lady  G.  Herbert,  J.  Leicester, 
Mrs.  Gladstone.  Shiriev  Hibbcrd,  Constancy,  Mrs. 
Harris,  Henry  Walton.  'Mrs.  Sliiiley  Hibberd,  Earl  of 
Radnor,  Hope,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Mrs.  G.  Harris,  Sunbeam, 
Revival,  Mrs.  Hodgson,  and  John  Standish.  2d,  Messrs. 
Rawhngs  Bros.,  florists.  Old  Church,  Romford,  with  a 
very  good  lot,  consisting  of  Mrs.  John  W.ilker  (seedling), 
Robert  Petfield  (seedling),  Princi;ss  of  Wales,  Imperial, 
Flag  of  Truce,  Rev.  J.  Godday,  Mrs.  Glasscock, 
a  pure  white  self  of  promise  ;  Mrs.  E.  Rawlings  (seed- 
ling), Mrs.  Glasscock  (seedling),  John  Henshaw,  Clara, 
William  Steer,  Mrs.  Harris,  J.  T.  West  (seedUng), 
George  Rawlings,  F.  J.  Saltmarsh,  Bird  of  Passage 
(seedling),  Mrs.  Douglas,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wyndham. 
Goldfinder,  William  Dodds,  Georgiana,  Minnie,  and 
R.  F.  Rawhngs  (seedling).  3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son, 
Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N.;  4th,  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  & 
Sons,  Lonfield  Nurseries,  Crawley,  Sussex. 

There  were  five  competitors  in  the  class  for  twelve 
varieties,  and  here  Mr.  John  Walker,  nurseryman, 
Thame,  Oxon,  was  a  good  ist,  with  admirable  blooms 
of  John  Standish,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  William  Rawlings, 
Champion  RoUo,  George  Rawlings,  Earl  Radnor,  James 
Cocker,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wyndham,  Monarch,  Mrs.  F. 
Foreman,  William  Green,  and  George  Bennett.  2d, 
Messrs.  J.  Gilbert  &  Son,  St.  Margaret's  Nursery, 
Ipswich,  with  J.  C.  Quennell,  Mrs.  G.  Harris,  Hon.  Mrs. 
P.  Wyndham,  James  Stephens,  Mrs.  G.  R.  Jefford, 
James  Service,  Countess,  Rosetta,  Harrison  Weir,  J.  W. 
Lord.  John  Bennett,  and  Herbert  Turner.  3d,  Messrs. 
J.  Burrell  &  Co..  Howe  Hou5e  Nursery,  Cambridge  ; 
4th,  Mr.  G.  Humphries.  Kington  Langley.  Chippenham. 

Am.\teuhs  :— In  the  amateurs'  division  the  best 
twenty-four  blooms  came  from  Mr.  George  Booth- 
royde,  gr.  to  H.  Coleman,  Esq  ,  Woodville,  Dover, 
who  had  a  very  fine  lot,  as  follows  : — Prince  Bis- 
marck, Mrs.  Gladstone.  Mrs.  Dodds,  Hthel  Britton, 
Eari  of  Beaconsfield,  John  Henshaw,  Rev.  J.  God- 
day,  Goldfinder,  Flag  of  Truce,  Hon.  Mrs.  P. 
Wyndham,  Mrs.  G.  Harris,  Jos.  Bennett,  Clara,  Henry 
Walton,  George  Rawlings,  Vice-President,  F.  Rawlings, 
Harrison  Weir.  Lady  G.  Herbert,  Mrs.  Henshaw,  James 
Cocker,  Miss  Cannell,  John  Standish,  and  one  unnamed. 
2d,  Mr.  John  Spoor,  Prospect  Cottage,  Musgrave,  Lon- 
fell,  Gateshead,  with  Clara.  Chorister,  Mrs.  Gladstone, 
William  Rawlings,  Vice-President,  Seraph,  Rev.  J.  B. 
M.  Camm  (self),  Eiri  of  Ravensworth,  Lord  Chelmsford, 
Harrison  Weir,  Jas.  Vick,  Countess  of  Ravensworth,  J. 
B  Service,  Hope,  H.  W.  Ward,  James  Cocker,  Joseph 
Ashby,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Imperial,  J.  C.  Reid,  John  Hen- 
shaw, Henry  Walton,  Prince  Bismarck,  and  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  P.  Wyndham  ;  3d,  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  Rye 
Street,  Bishop's  Stortford  ;  4th,  Mr,  John  Nation, 
Whitemore,  Staplegrove,  Taunton.  Eight  collections 
were  staged  in  this  class. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  there  were  as  many 
stands  competing,  and  here  Mr.  J.  T.  West,  gr.  to  W. 
Keith,  Esq.,  Cornwalls,  Brentwood,  was  ist,  with  very 
nice  fresh  blooms  of  the  followin  : — William  Rawlings, 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  John  Henshaw.  very  fine  ;  Henry 
Walton,    Mrs.    Harris,    Joseph  Ashby,   Prince  of  Den- 


mark, Mrs.  P.  Wyndham,  George  Rawhngs,  H.arrison 
Mrs.  S.  Hibberd,  and  H.  W.  Ward.  2d,  Mr.  John 
Walker.  .Alumwell  Road,  Low  Fell,  Gateshead,  with 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  Vice-President,  Charles  Leicester,  Earl 
of  Ravensworth,  Buttercup,  a  fine  yellow  self ;  Prince  of 
Denmark,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  W^yndham,  James  Cocker, 
J.  N.  Keynes,  Imperial,  Henry  Walton,  and  Emily 
Edwards.  3d,  Mr.  J.  Tranter,  Upper  Assenden, 
Henley-on-Thames,  who  had  an  extremely  fine  bloom 
of  Mrs.  Gladstone  (selected  as  the  premier  show  flower). 
Champion  Rollo.  James  Cocker,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  \V)nd- 
ham,  James  O'Brien  (sell).  Vice-President.  Prince  Dis- 
marck,  Eari  of  Ravensworth,  Annie  Neville,  Mrs.  F. 
Foreman,  Sunbeam,  and  Miss  Cannell;  4th,  Mr.  Thomas 
Garratt,  Bishop's  Stortford. 

There  were  eleven  collections  of  six  blooms  in  class  H, 
and  here  Mr.  Jonathan  Harris,  Broomfield,  Chelmsford, 
was  1st,  with  admirable  examples  of  Ethel  Biillon, 
Emperor,  Mrs.  Harris.  Prince  of  Denmark,  Goldfinder, 
and  Mrs.  G.  Harris  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  Tanbndge.  gr.  to  the 
Rev.  .Mr.  Trimmer,  Broomfield,  Chelmsford,  with  Elhel 
Britten.  Shirley  Hibberd,  Mrs.  Dodds,  Mrs.  G.  Harris. 
Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wyndham.  and  Prince  of  Denmaik  ;  3d, 
Mr.  W.  H.  Apthorpe,  .\lbion  Brewery,  Romford  ;  4lh, 
Mr.  Thomas  Coote,  North  Terrace,  Bishop's  Stortford. 

Fakcy  Dahlias. 

In  the  nurserymen's  class  for  twenty-four  varieties 
there  were  four  competitors,  and  here  Mr.  C.  Turner 
again  scored  ist  honours,  having  a  remarkably  good  lot 
of  blooms  of  the  following  : — Gaiety,  Grand  Sultan, 
Frederick  Smith.  Henry  Glasscock,  Miss  Annie  Melsome, 
Romeo,  Annie  Pritchard,  W.  G.  Head,  Charles  Wyatt, 
Professor  Fa wcett.  Duchess  of  Albany,  Peacock,  Edward 
Peck,  Mrs.  Saundtrs,  Chorister,  George  Barnes,  Laura 
Haslam,  Rebecca,  Miss  Lily  Large,  Genera!  Gordon, 
James  O'Brien,  Robert  Burns,  and  two  seedlings.  2d, 
Messrs.  Keynes.  Williams  &  Co.,  with  Gaiety,  Charles 
Wyatt,  Canire,  Rougier  Chauvi^re,  Duchess  of  Albany, 
Hercules,  Rebecca,  Madame  Soubeyre,  Parrot,  George 
Barnts,  Flora  Wyatt,  Romeo,  Chorister,  Peacoik,  Miss 
Annie  Melsome,  General  Gordon.  Professor  Fawcetr, 
Mandarin,  Fanny  Slurt.  Gaiety,  sport  and  seedlings  ;  3d, 
Mr,  H.  Boston  ;  4th,  Mr.  H.  Claik,  florist,  Rodley,  near 
Leeds. 

Messrs.  Rawlings  Brcs.  had  the  best  twelve,  staging 
good  blooms  of  Gaiety,  Edward  Perk,  Lotty  Eckiord, 
Peacock,  Mrs.  Saunders,  P,-ofessor  Fawcett,  Polly  San- 
dell,  Frank  Pearce  (seedling),  extra  fine,  selected  as  the 
premier  fancy  ;  Mrs.  Carter,  rich  maroon,  tipped  with 
white  ;  Mrs.  Stevens  (seedling),  Annie  (seedling),  and 
Gem.  2d,  Messrs.  J.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons,  with  ICdward 
Peck,  Canire,  John  Lamont,  Hugh  Austin,  Rebecca, 
Mrs.  Saunders,  John  Forbes,  Fanny  Slurt,  Letty  Coles, 
General  Gordon,  Chorister,  and  Galatea.  3d,  Messrs. 
].  Cheal  &  Sons  ;  4th  Messrs.  P.ml  &  Son. 

In  the  amateurs'  class  for  twelve  varieties  there  were 
seven  collections,  the  bist — and  a  very  good  lot  they 
were — came  from  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  who  had  ca])ital 
blooms  of  J.  Lamont,  Goldfinch,  Professor  Fawcett,  Mrs. 
Saunders,  Henry  Glasscock.  Polly  Sandell,  Miss  L. 
Large,  Canire,  Peacock,  l-'tora  Wyatt,  Chorister,  and 
Lotty  Eckford.  2d,  Mr.  R.  Petfield,  The  Gardens, 
Diddington,  Buckden,  Hunts,  with  Edward  Peck, 
Gaiety,  Peacock,  Jeanette.  Lotty  Eckford,  Romeo,  Fanny 
Sturt,  Mr.  Saunders,  Duchess  of  Alb  my.  Maid  of 
Athens.  Alderman,  and  Hugh  Austin.  3d.  Mr.  H. 
Vincent,  The  Gardens,  The  Poplars.  Keymer  ;  4lh, 
Mr.  Barnabas  Clark,  Spottesham,  Norfolk. 

There  were  eleven  competitors  in  the  class  for  six 
flowers,  Mr.  William  Steer,  2,  Hamilton  Terrace,  New 
Eltham,  Kent,  was  ist  ;  Mr.  Geo.  Boothroyde  2d, 
Mr.  Thos.  Garratt  3d.  and  Mr.  J.  T.  West  4th.  The 
varieties  did  not  differ  from  those  already  given. 

Pompon  Dahlias. 

These  were  as  usual  effectively  shown  in  bunches,  and 
they  made  an  exceedingly  pretty  display.  The  beat 
twenty-four  distinct  varieties  Came  from  Messrs.  Kt  ynes 
&  Co.,  a  very  fine  lot  indeed,  and  an  excellent  assortment 
of  varieties  ;  they  had  The  Khedive,  Dora,  Gem,  l"l  Ta 
Macdonald,  Little  Prince,  Catherine,  Sappho,  Wilhehn 
Nitsche,  White  Aster,  Cupid,  Garnet,  Mabel,  Ro.ctla, 
E.  F.  Junqker,  Isabelle,  rich  scarlet ;  Nemesis,  F.inny 
Weiner,  Golden  Gem,  Mdlle.  Valentine  F'aconet.  Little 
Bobbv,  Darkness,  Lady  Blanche.  Brunette,  and  Rosalie. 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  E.  F.  Jungker.  Mabel,  Little 
Beauty,  The  Khedive,  Dr.  Ranch,  Nymph,  Louis 
Rodani,  Gem,  Nemesis,  Jessie  McMillan,  Olivette, 
Thomas  Moore,  Titania,  Rosy  Morn,  Dove,  Princess 
Sophie  Sopecha,  Fanny  Weiner,  Hilda,  Fair  Helen, 
Little  Arthur,  Formosa,  Professor  Bergeat,  and  White 
Aster.     3d    Messrs,  Rawlings  Brothers. 

Messrs.  J.  Gilbert  &  Sons  had  the  best  twelve,  staging 
ch.arming  bunches  of  Handel's  Gaertner,  Little  Mabe  , 
Lady  Blanche.  Gem,  Guiding  Star,  H.  Milesky,  Sen- 
sation, Little  Bobbv,  Pure  Love,  J.  E.  O.  Enke.  Garnet, 
and  Cupid.  2d,  Messrs.  Paul  it  Son,  with  Dove,  H. 
Milcsky.  Dora,  Lightning,  A.  Hubner,  Little  Bobby, 
Favourite,  V.  Weiner,  Lady  Blanche,  Mabel,  Gem,  and 
Anna  Ziuchmann.  3d,  Messrs.  F.  J.  Smith  &  Co., 
nurserymen.  Dulwich,  S.  E. 

The  best  six  bunches  came  from  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  & 
Co.,  who  had  Coquette,  White  Aster,  Gem,  Little 
Duchess,  Prince  of  Liliputians,  and  Titania.  2rl,  Mr. 
J.  T.  West  with  E.  F.  Jungker,  White  Button,  Gem, 
Favourite,  Mabel,  and  Adonis  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Walker, 
Thame  ;  4th,  Mr.  G.  Humphries. 

Single  Dahlias. 

These  were,  as  usual,  superbly  shown,  and  they  made 
a  very  effective  display,  shown  in  large  triangular  s'laped 
bunches. 

Mess.'S.  |.  Cheal  &  Sons  had  the  best  twelve,  staging 


Juno,  Charles  Laws,  Queen  of  Singles.  Silver  King, 
Negress,  Alba  perfecta,  Brutus,  Fashion,  Paragon,  Sun- 
set, Formosa,  and  Henry  Irving  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Harlequin,  Alba,  Lucy  Ireland,  Scarlet  Defiance, 
Queen  of  Singles,  Sunbeam,  Mandarin,  Defiance, 
Duchess  of  Westminster,  Ellen  Terry,  Aurora,  and 
Lutea  grandiflora  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co.,  who  had  fine  bunches  of  White  Queen.  Negress, 
Mauve  Queen  Improved,  Velvet  Mantle,  John  Cowan, 
Defiance,  Queen  of  Singles,  and  Acquisition  ;  4th,  Mr. 
John  Walker,  Thame. 

Messrs.  J.  Gilbert  &  Son  had  the  best  six  bunches, 
stinging  the  following  in  fine  form  : — Lucy  Ireland,  Dr. 
Moffatt,  Charles  Laws,  Mrs.  Bowman,  White  Queen, 
and  William  Castle  ;  2d,  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  with 
Ascalon.  White  Queen,  Mrs.  Bowman,  Gracilis  perleclus, 
Dr.  Moff'att,  and  Lutea  grandiflora;  3d,  Mr.  J.Jones, 
gr.  to  J.  S.  Pope,  Esq  ,  Cedar  Lodge.  Bath  ;  4th,  Mr. 
T.  Hooper,  florist,  Widcombe  Hill,  Bath. 

Pkemiek  Dahlias. 

The  premier  show  Dahlia  was  a  magnificent  bloom  of 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Tranter.  Upper 
Assenden,  Henley-on-Thames  ;  and  the  premier  fancy 
a  seedling  named  Frank  Pearce,  shown  by  Messrs. 
Rawlings  Bros. 

Seedling  Dahlias. 

The  Dahlia  show  of  1885  will  be  remarkable  for  the 
great  success  achieved  by  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  of  Rom- 
ford, with  seedlings.  Lastyearthey  showed,  somewhat 
late  in  the  season,  a  batch,  a  half-dozen  of  which  were  dis- 
tributed by  Mr.  C.  Turner,  and  these  proved  they  had 
hit  upon  a  fine  strain.  This  year  they  produced  a  batch 
of  some  ten  seedlings,  and  to  five  of  these  First-class 
Certificates  ot  Merit  were  awarded  as  follows  : — Mrs.  E. 
Rawhngs,  delicate  pink,  with  faint  stripes  and  tip  of 
purple,  good  petal  and  outline,  high  centre,  distinct,  and 
very  constant,  as  a  dozen  blooms  of  it  were  shown  ; 
Mr.  Glasscock,  the  centre  maroon,  the  circumference 
bright  purple,  somewhat  flat,  good  outline  and  centre  ; 
Bird  of  Passage,  light  ground,  tipped  with  pale  lilac- 
purple — very  pretty  and  pleasing  ;  Mrs.  John  Walker, 
dehcate  pink,  the  centre  sulphur,  with  a  wire  edge  of . 
purple  to  the  petals,  good  petal  and  outline,  high  full 
centre  ;  and  Frank  Pearce  (fancy),  bright  deep  lilac- 
purple,  flaked  and  striped  with  crimson,  fine  petal,  out- 
line, and  centre,  and  in  every  way  first-rate.  Other 
seedlings  were  Mrs.  Keith,  of  the  Miss  Cannell  type, 
the  well-formed  petals  heavily  edged  w  ilh  purple  ;  Robert 
Petfield,  bright  orange-red,  good  centre,  flat,  and  the  petals 
a  little  reflexed  ;  and  Mrs.  Stevens  (fancy),  buff  ground, 
suffused  with  maroon,  and  striped  with  crimson  and 
mauve.  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  had  Pelican 
(fancy),  delicate  ground,  striped  and  flaked  with  purple, 
the  petals  a  little  ribbed,  good  high  centre  and  outline  ; 
Richard  Dean,  a  distinct  bright  purple  self;  William 
Slack,  bright  red,  very  showy  ;  Thomas  Hobbs,  maroon 
shaded  with  purple  ;  Eva  Fisher  (fancy),  orange-buff, 
flaked  with  scarlet  ;  and  Salamander  (lancy),  yellow 
ground,  flaked  and  striped  with  crimson.  Mr.  C.  'Turner 
had  Irene,  delicate  lilac  slighdy  shaded  with  pale  purple, 
good  petal  and  outline.  Mr.  G.  H.  P.  Harris,  of 
Orpington,  had  Lady  Holmesdale.  white,  flaked  with 
purple  ;  Chieftain,  a  yellow  self ;  Freedom,  buff,  striped 
wi.h  ruby  red  ;  and  Draughtsman,  crimson,  shaded  with 
maroon. 

The  following  three  money  prizes  offered  for  seedlings 
were  awarded  to  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  as  follows  : — 
ist.  Mis.  E,  Rawhngs  ;  2d,  Mrs.  John  Walker  ;  3d, 
Bird  ol  Passage. 

Turner  Memorial  Prize. 

This  is  a  handsome  silver  cttp  offered  for  twelve  show 
and  six  lancy  Dahlias,  and  it  has  to  be  won  three  times 
before  it  can  becomes  the  property  of  the  holder.  There 
were  five  entries  for  this  memorial,  but  one  only  was 
forthcoming,  that  from  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  Bishops 
Stortford,  who  had  the  following  show  flowers  : — George 
Rawhngs,  Miss  Cannell,  Imperial,  Hon.  Mrs.  P.  Wynd- 
ham, Mrs.  Gladstone.  Shirley  Hibberd,  Mrs.  Glasscock, 
Fanny  Gardener.  Prince  of  Denmark,  Cyprus,  Senator, 
and  Mrs.  Harris  ;  and  the  following  fancies  : — Henry 
Glasscock,  Peacock,  Professor  Fawcett,  Canire,  Mrs. 
Carter,  and  Lotty  Eckford. 

Miscellaneous  contributions  included  a  very  fine  lot 
pompon,  single  and  Cactus  Dahlias  from  Mr.  T.  S. 
Ware,  Hall  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  the  latter  in. 
eluding  a  pretty  new  variety  named  Mrs.  C.  Hawkins- 
creamy-white,  edged  with  dehcate  purple  on  the  olde, 
petals  ;  a  collection  of  Cactus  Dahlias  from  Messrsr 
Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  ;  and  a  collection  of  pompon 
and  single  DahUas  and  hardy  flowers  from  Messrs.  ]. 
Cheal  &  Sons. 

Cut  Flowers  :  Oi'F.n  Classes. 

For  a  collection  of  Gladioli  spikes,  the  ist  prize  was  well 
won  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Campbell,  Cove  Gardens,  Gourock, 
N.  B.  This  was  a  collection  of  the  usual  merit  we  are 
now  accustomed  to  witness  from  Cove,  an  account  of 
whose  novelties  and  finest  blooms  will  be  found  in  another 
part  of  our  issue. 

French  and  quilled  Asters  were  rather  numerously 
shown,  but  they  were  of  no  great  merit,  the  long  drought 
having  hindered  the  development  of  very  fine  examples — 
Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Son.  Chelmsford  Mr.  J.  Jones,  gr. 
to  J.  S.  Pope.  Esq  ,  Cedar  Lodge,  Bath,  Mr.  F". 
Hooper,  Bath,  Mr.  J.  Morgan,  gr.,  Wray  Park,  Reigate, 
being  the  principal  prizetakers. 

Some  rather  handsome  collections  of  Hollyhocks, 
twenty-four  blooms,  distinct,  were  shown  by  Mr.  Finlay, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  M.  Proud,  East  Layton  Hall,  Darlington, 
who  obtained  ist  prize  ;  Mr.  Hy.  Clarke,  Hodley,  Leeds, 
was  2d  ;  Messrs.  Harkuess,  Grange  Nursery,  Bedale,  3d, 

Collections  of  cut  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers  were 


September  12,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


343 


well  shown  by  Mr.  A.  Gibson,  ist  ;  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  2d. 
This  exhibitor  had  inserted  the  stalks  of  the  blooms  into 
pots  of  growing  Adiantums.  3d,  Mr.  G.  Parrott,  gr.  to 
W.  Wright,  Esq  .  The  Grange,  Denmark  Hill.  There 
was  an  entire  absence  of  any  novelties  amongst  the 
flowers  shown,  tliese  being  of  the  usual  showy  class  seen 
at  this  season  of  the  year. 

Mr.  Piercy,  8g.  West  Road,  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  took 
ist  prize  for  a  collection  of  early  flowering  Chrysanthe- 
mums, the  best  kinds  being  Mrs.  CuUingford,  Petite 
Marie,  Nanum.  Lyon,  Mademoiselle  yolivart,  Madame 
des  Granges,  and  Mons.  Dufoy  ;  Mr.  H.  James,  Lowtr 
Norwood,  took  2d  prize,  sorts  nearly  similar  to  the  fore- 
going ;  and,  Mr"  N.  Davis,  Camberwell,  3d. 

Amateurs. 

For  the  best  twelve  Gladiolus  spikes,  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Om- 
brain  was  faraway  the  ist  with  his  collection — Meyerbeer, 
Murillo,  Leandre,  Tamerlane,  Seduction.  Flamboyant, 
and  Teather  Gem  being  the  finest  spikes.  Mr.  A. 
Whitton,  Askew,  Bedale,  was  2d,  the  spikes  being  like- 
wise of  much  beauty  —  Ninon  de  I'enclos,  Meyerbeer, 
Adolphe  Brongniart.  and  a  few  of  the  same  kinds  as  in 
the  premier  collection  ;  Mr.  |.  Nation,  Whitemore, 
Slaplegrove,  Taunton,  was  3d. 

The  prizes  for  Hollyhocks,  twelve  distinct,  fell  respec- 
tively in  the  order  of  their  names  to  Mr.  G.  Finiay.  Mr. 
A.  Whitton,  and  Mr.  H.  Catiley,  Claverton  Buildings, 
Widcombe,  Balh. 

Miscellaneous, 

Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  brought  a  beau- 
tiful collection  of  their  newest  strain  of  tuberous  Be- 
gonia, amongst  them  being  many  with  self-supporting 
blaoms,  the  plants  dwarf,  compact,  and  very  sturdy. 
An  extra  prize  was  awarded. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  .Sons,  Svvanley,  had  also  a  large 
group  of  these  useful  plants,  the  central  portion  of  his 
group  being  composed  of  Begonia  Rosamund,  a  heavy 
flowered  pendulous  kind  of  dull  rose  colour  ;  there  were 
likewise  boxes  of  Cactus  Dahlias,  single  Dahlias  in 
bunches,  the  best  of  the  laiter  being  Kate  Green, 
Ther^se,  and  Defiance.  Flowers  of  single  Begonias  and 
pompon  Dahlias  were  noticed  as  being  conspicuous  on 
this  stand. 

Mr,  J.  Neighbour,  Bickley,  received  an  extra  award 
for  a  nice  collection  of  fruit;  Mr.  Butler  for  Pears,  and 
Mr.  Boothroyd  for  cut  blooms  of  out-of-door  flowers. 

Mr.  James  Don,  seedsman,  Chappel  Street,  Notting- 
liam,  exhibited  a  peculiarly  rough-skinned  Potato,  named 
the  Village  Blacksmith— a  sort  of  reputed  good  character. 
It  is  a  handsome,  thrifty  looking  tuber,  and  a  prolific 
cropper  ;  but  nothing  quite  definite  can  be  said  about  it 
until  after  further  trials. 

First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  to  Rev.  H.  H. 
D'Ombrain,  Ashford,  for  Gladiolus  Rabout  ;  Messrs. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Langport.  for  Gladioli  Lord  R.  Churchill, 
Dora  Thome,  Princess  Maude,  Lord  Ashbourne. 


Fruit. 


The  quality  of  the  fruit  of  all  kinds  was  of  an  un- 
wonted degree  of  excellence,  more  especially  the  Grapes 
in  all  the  various  classes.  Perhaps  the  whole  of  the  Muscat 
of  Alexandria  Grapes  were  less  golden  in  appearance  than 
is  the  case  in  those  years  when  the  amount  of  sunlight 
is  greater  than  it  has  been  this  year.  We  have  enjoyed 
heat,  and  we  have  been  free  from  the  usual  drenching  rains 
of  an  English  summer,  both  of  which  factors  in  first-class 
Grape  culture,  wi!l  account  for  much  of  the  general  ex- 
cellence of  the  fruit  shown,  and  from  which  the  Grapes 
would  more  particularly  benefit.  Peaches  were  not  so 
large  as  in  wetter  years,  but  the  colour  left  nothing  to  be 
desired,  so  far  as  high  coloured  kinds  are  concerned. 
Morello  Cherries,  Plums,  Figs,  were  mostly  finely  grown 
and  of  a  large  size.  Of  Strawberries,  but  it'^  were 
shown,  the  best  sort  being  La  Grosse  Sucree,  now  much 
paler  in  colour — a  decided  advantage  in  point  of  appear- 
ance. Quatre  Saisons  followed  next  in  point  of  size,  and 
is  in  point  of  flavour  the  superior  of  the  first  named  kind. 
but  being  merely  an  improved  alpine,  and  relatively 
small,  would  find  fewer  connoisseurs.  Garibaldi,  a  well- 
known  variety,  found  place  in  one  of  the  winning 
collections. 

Collections  oi-  not  less  than  Twenty  Dishes. 
For  the  prizes  in  this  competition  five  collections  were 
entered,  and  the  merits  of  most  ot  them  were  keenly 
discussed.  Eventually  the  prizes  fell  to — ist,  Mr.  J. 
Roberts,  gr.  to  Messrs.  de  Rothschild,  Gunnersbury  Park, 
the  sorts  of  fruit  shown  being — Grapes,  Black  Hamburgh, 
very  fine  ;  Alnwick  Seedling,  good  ;  Muscats  and  While 
Tokay  ;  nice  Pines,  Nectarines,  Peaches — Lord  Napier, 
Victoria,  Sea  Eagle  (very  large)  ;  Plums,  Transparent 
and  Kiikes  ; '  Melon  W.  Tillery,  Pear  Bon  Chretien, 
Apple  Red  Astrachan,  etc.  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston  Castle,  was  2d,  his  best 
dishes  being — Grapes  Madresfield  Court,  Nectarine  Pine- 
apple, Peach  Downshire,  Strawberry  Garibaldi,  Cherries 
Morello,  Plum  MacLaughlin's  Gage,  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes,  and  Charlotte  Rothschild  Pine.  Mr.  Ward,  gr. 
to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury, 
secured  the  3d  prize,  the  Jargonelle  Pears,  Foster's 
Seedling  Grapes,  Brunswick  Figs,  and  Morello  Cherries 
being  very  good  produce. 

For  Collections  of  Twelve  Dishes 
there  were  four  £entries,  the  1st  prize  going  to  Mr. 
Coomber,  gr.  to  J.  H.  Rolls,  Esq.,  M.P.,  The  Hendre, 
Monmouth.  In  this  capital  lot  were  fine  Brunswick 
Figs,  La  Grosse  Sucree  Strawberries,  D'Alsace  Apricot, 
Ciapp's  Favourite  Pear,  Downton  and  Lord  Napier 
Nectarines,  and  the  delicious  Reine  Claude,  du  Bavay 
Plum.  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord  Carington, 
Wycombe  Abbey,  was  the  winner  of  the  2d  prize, 
the  Gros  Myrco  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes,  Morello 
Cherries,  Smooth  Cayenne  Pine-apples,  and  Sea  Eagle 


Peaches  being  amongst  the  more  noticeable  fruits. 
Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Long,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood- 
ashton,  Trowbridge,  was  3d. 

For  the  Best  Eight  Dishes  of  Fruit, 
from  which  Pines  were  e.\cluded. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Pratt, 
gr.,  Lougleaf  Gardens,  Warminster,  the  Black  Hamburgh 
and  Muscat  Grapes,  Noblesse  Peaches,  and  Brunswick 
Figs  being  excellent  ;  2d,  Mr.  Edmonds,  gr.  to  the  Duke 
of  St.  Alban's,  Bestwood  Lodge,  Nottingham,  whose 
Alicante  Grapes  and  Barringtou  Peaches  were  superb  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Elphinstone,  gr.  to  K.  M.  Mundy,  Esq.,  Shipley 
Hall,  Derby. 

Collections  of  Grapes,  Ten  Kinds,  Two 
Bunches  of  Each. 
Here  as  in  the  collection  of  miscellaneous  fruits,  Mr. 
J.  Roberts  took  the  lead,  proving  the  excellence  of  the 
management  of  the  Vine  at  this  noted  garden.  The 
sorts  show^  were  Madresfield  Court,  fine  in  berry  and 
colour  ;  Buckland  Sweetwater,  also  extra  good  ;  Lady 
Downe's,  Foster's  Seedling,  Black  Hamburgh,  two  very 
fine  bunches  ;  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  large  in  bunch,  but 
not  extraordinary  in  colour  ;  Gros  Maroc,  fine  in  every 
point,  Trebbiano.  medium-sized  bunches  ot  Black  Ali- 
cante, and  Alnwick  Seedling,  the  colour,  bloom,  and 
size  of  berry  and  bunch,  being  all  that  could  be  wished 
for.  Mr.  \Vard,  Longford  Castle  Gardens,  was  2d,  his 
bunches  of  Black  Prince,  Gros  Guillaume,  Gros  Maroc, 
and  Mrs.  Pince,  were  large  and  well  finished  :  the 
Black  Hamburghs  were  rather  loose  in  the  bunch,  but 
very  fine  in  bloom  and  colour.  Mr.  J.  WalUs,  gr.  to 
Rev.  W.  Sneyd,  Keele  Hall,  Newcastle,  was  3d,  the 
Barb.irossa  and  Gros  Maroc  being  of  much  merit. 

Collections  oi"  Five  Kinds  of  Grapes. 

Here  Mr.  Pratt  was  awarded  the  ist  prize  ;  his 
bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  were  superb,  not  over  large 
of  berry,  and  for  size  of  bunch  and  unblemished  bloom 
were  unapproachable.  His  other  kinds  were  Lady 
Downe's,  Alicante,  Mrs.  Pince— fine,  big,  solid-looking 
bunches  ;  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  very  large  bunches,  not 
apparently  over-ripe,  and  somewhat  irregular  in  size  of 
berry.  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Esq., 
M.P. .  Gunnersbnry  House.  Acton,  was  2d;  the  bunches 
in  this  collection  of  Gros  Maroc,  Madresfield  Court,  and 
Alnwick  Seedling  were  very  superior.  Mr.  A.  Smith,  gr. 
to  W.  H.  Sewell,  Esq.,  Warren  Hill,  Longholm,  Essex. 
3d:  this  lot  contained  some  not  handsome  or  symmetrical 
bunches  of  Gros  Maroc,  but  which  were  large  in  bunch 
and  berry  ;  BUck  Alicante  was  likewise  excellent. 

For  the  best  three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh. — ist, 
Mr.  Pratt,  with  massive  bunches,  heavily  shouldered, 
well  coloured  throughout,  and  the  individual  berries  were 
sufficiently  large  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Bury,  gr.  to  A.  Richards, 
Esq.,  Tewkesbury  Lodge,  Forest  Hill,  the  bunches 
large,  but  berries  rather  small  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  Jordan, 
gr.  to  B.  Foster.  Esq  .  Witley,  Godalming. 

For  three  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria.— ist,  Mr. 
J.  J.  Lowry,  gr.  to  J.  McAndrew,  Esq.,  Belmont,  Mill 
Hi'il,  Hendon— massive  compact  bunches  of  the  highest 
excellence  ;  2d,  D.  P.  Blaine,  Esq.,  Fowley,  Liphook, 
Hants  (gr. ,  Mr.  P.  F.  Edwards),  fine  well  colom-ed  ripe 
bunches  ;  3d,  Mr.  Pratt. 

For  the  best  three  bunches  of  Gros  Colmar. — ist,  Mr. 
R.  Dawes,  gr.  to  Hon,  Mrs.  Maynell  Ingram,  Temple 
Newsham,  Leeds— fair  bunches  but  not  up  to  the  mark 
in  colour  and  finish  ;  the  2d  was  withheld,  and  a  3d 
prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Elphinstone,  gr.,  Shipley  Hail, 
Derby. 

For  three  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court. — ist,  Mr. 
Goodacre,  Elvaston,  with  compact  symmetiical  bunch, 
that  was.  not  too  long  in  proportion  to  the  width— a  pecu- 
liarity often  seen  in  this  kind,  and  decidedly  undesirable; 
the  berries  were  of  an  even  size  and  well  coloured.  2d, 
Mr.  Hudson,  with  bunches  first-rate  in  evi^ry  point  ;  3d, 
Mr.  H.  Folkes.  gr.  to  T.  F.  Halsey,  M.P.,  Gaddesden 
Place,  Hemel  Hempstead. 

For  three  bunches  of  Alicante. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Howe, 
gr.  to  H.  Tait,  Esq.,  Park  Hill,  Streatham  Common, 
with  massive  bunches,  in  which  the  berries  were  much 
too  crowded  :  the  weight  of  three  was  16  lb.  ;  2d,  Mr, 
W.  Pratt,  very  fine  bunches  in  everyway,  but  less  in 
weight  than  the  loregoing  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Osman,  gr.  to 
N.  S.  T.  Baker,  Esq.  Oltershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  with 
good  specimens  having  beauful  bloom  upon  them.  An 
extra  prize  was  accorded  Mr.  J.  Neighbour,  gr., 
Bickley  Park,  Kent. 

For  three  bunches  of  any  other  white  Grape. — ist,  Mr. 
Osman,  for  very  fine  bunches  of  White  Frontignac,  well 
shouldered  ;  2d,  Mr.  Fouldes,  with  Golden  Queen  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Roberts. 

For  the  best  three  bunches  of  any  other  black  Grapes. 
— ist,  Mr.  Dawes,  gr..  Temple  Newsham,  with  bunches 
of  Barbarossa  weighing  together  21  lb.  the  colour,  form 
of  bunch,  and  regularity  of  shape  being  quite  remarkable, 
even  in  this  large  bunched  variety  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Roberts, 
his  fine  Gros  Maroc  looking  small  beside  the  Grapes  of 
Mr.  Dawes  ;  3d,  Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &  Son,  Sawbridge- 
worth,  with  the  last-named  variety.  The  Grapes  gene- 
rally in  this  class  were  of  superb  quality  ;  but  space 
forbids  our  referring  to  the  unsuccessful  exhibitors. 

Although  prizes  were  offered  for  two  Queen  Pine- 
apples, there  was  no  competition. 

The  prizes  for  two  Pine-apples  of  any  other  variety 
were  taken  respectively  by  Mr.  G.  T.  Allies,  ist,  and 
Mr.  Goodacre  2d,  the  3d  prize  being  withheld. 

For  the  best  lour  dishes  of  Peaches,  distinct. — ist,  Mr. 
Divers,  gr. ,  Kitton  Hall,  Stamford,  who  had  some 
splendid  Barringtons,  Princess  of  Wales,  and  Belle- 
gardes  ;  2d,  Mr.  Goodacre,  with  smaller  fruits,  but 
finely  coloured  ;  3d,  Mr.  |.  Roberts. 

For  a  similar  number  of  dishes  of  Nectarines  the 
order  of  the  names  was  somewhat  altered,  Mr.  J.  Roberts 
being  placed  isl,  Mr.  Divers  2d,  and  Mr.  Goodacre  3d. 
In  the  best  collection  good  Pitniaston,  Pine-apple,  and 


Lord   Napier  were  noticed  ;    and  in  the  2d  lot    Rivers' 
Orange  and  Stanwick. 

For  the  best  dish  of  Peaches.—  ist,  Mr.  A.  Gibson,  gr. 
to  T.  F.  B.  Atkins,  Esq.,  Halsiead  Place,  Sevenoaks, 
with  Barrington  ;  2d,  Mr.  Pullman,  gr.  to  R.  B.  Sheri- 
dan, Esq.,  Krampton  Court,  Dorchester,  he  having  the 
same  kind  ;  Mr.  G.  Holliday,  gr.  to  J.  Norris,  Esq., 
Castle  Hill.  Bletchingly,  was  3d. 

For  a  dish  of  Nectarines,  Mr.  Pullman  was  isl,  with 
Pine-apple,  a  capital  sample  of  fruit  ;  Mr.  Evans,  gr., 
Lythe  Hill.  Haslemere,  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Divers  3d,  the  sorts 
shown  being  in  both  instances  the  first-named  sort. 

The  collection  of  six  dishes  of  Peaches  and  six  of  Nec- 
tarines was  apparently  too  much  for  gardeners  and  nur- 
serymen alike,  only  one  competing  lot  appearing — that 
of  Messrs.  T.  Rivers  ic  Son,  who  were  awarded  the  1st 
prize  ;  amongst  the  sorts  of  the  former  shown  were 
Exquisite,  a  fine-looking  yellow-skinned  one;  Madeline  • 
Blanch,  a  very  pale  Peach  ;  and  Raymacker,  a  pale 
obovale  fruit. 

For  a  Mtlon.  green-fleshed.  Mr.  R.  Spinks,  Victoria 
Road,  Horley,  was  ist.  with  a  medium-sized  example  of 
Best  of  AM  ;  and  the  veteran  exhibitor,  Mr.  T.  Bailey, 
gr. .  Shardeloes  Gardens,  was  placed  2d,  with  a  small 
Golden  Queen  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward. 

In  scarlet-fleshed  varieties  Mr.  T.  Bailey  was  ist,  with 
Victory  of  Bristol  ;  Mr,  G.  Boothroyd,  gr.  to  H.  Cole- 
man, Esq.,  WoodviUe,  Dover,  2d,  with  Scarlet  Gem; 
and  Mr.  E.  Gillman.  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  and 
Talbot,  Ingestre  Hall,  3d. 

For  four  dishes  of  Plums,  distinct,  Mr.  Neighbour 
was  ist. 

For  four  dishes  of  green  and  yellow  Mr.  J.  Wills, 
Fernhill,  Winkfield,  Berks,  was  ist. 

For  lour  dishes  of  purple  kinds  Mr.  G.  Holliday 
was  ist.  * 

The  ist  and  only  prize  for  Figs  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
J.  Wallis. 

The  highest  prize  for  a  basket  of  black  Grapes  was 
taken  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Salter,  gr.  to  J.  Souihgate,  Esq., 
Selborne,  Streatham — the  variety  was  Black  Hamburgh 
that  were  of  excellent  quality  ;  Mr.  T.  Osman,  Olter- 
shaw Park,  was  2d.  with  Black  AUcante,  also  a  capital 
lot  in  every  way  ;  3d,  Mr.  |.  Hudson. 

The  prizes  for  the  best  baskets  of  white  varieties  were 
taken  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Goldsmith,  Kelsey  Gardens,  Becken- 
ham,  isi.  with  Muscats  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Pratt ;  3d,  Mr.  S. 
Castle,  West  Lynn,  Norfolk. 

For  twelve  kinds  of  Apples,  distinct,  ist,  Mr.  A. 
Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  Brassey,  Esq.,  Preston  Hall, 
Aylesford,  Kent,  with  well  known  approved  varieties  ; 
2d,  Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &  Son  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Layzell,  gr. 
to  R.  Harland,  Esq.,  Homefield,  Merton. 

For  ten  kinds  of  Pears  Mr.  J.  Butler,  gr.  to  A.  J. 
Thomas,  Esq.,  Orchard  Lane,  Siitingbourne,  was  ist, 
Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &  Son  2d,  and  Mr.  Waterman  3d. 
The  sorts  shown,  Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey,  Windsor, 
Beurrt5  Hardy,  Conseiller  a  la  Cour,  Doyenne  Boussoch, 
Ciapp's  Favourite,  Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Prmcess,  Madame 
Treveyer,  Pitmaston  Duchess. 

For  three  dishes  of  ripe  Apples,  distinct. — ist,  Mr. 
Butler  ;  2d,  Mr.  Waterman  ;  equal  3d,  Mr.  J.  Neighbour 
and  Mr.  W.  Layzell,  the  sorts  exhibited  being  Hunt's 
Early,  Worcestershire  Pearmain,  Red  Astrachan,  and 
Quarrenden. 

For  three  dishes  of  ripe  Pears,  distinct. — ist,  Mr. 
Butler  ;  2d,  Mr.  Waterman  ;  3d,  Mr.  Divers,  sorts 
being  Desire,  Cornelius,  Windsor,  Bon  Chrdtien,  Beurr6 
Giffird,  Dr.  Jules  Guyot,  Souvenir  du  Congrei. 

Mr.  Goldsmith,  Kelsey  Gardens,  took  the  ist  prize  for 
the  best  collection  of  Tomatos,  six  dishes,  distinct  ;  Mr, 
Goodacre  the  2d,  and  Mr.  S.  Castle  the  3d,  most  of  the 
well-known  large-fruited  kinds  finding  place  in  one  or 
other  of  the  collections. 

The  Fruiterers'  prize  for  collections  of  native  and 
foreign  fruits  brought  two  competitors— Mr.  G.  H.  Wing- 
fiela,  37,  Maiket  Street  Brighton,  ist  ;  and  Mr.  G. 
Wood,  75,  St.  James'  Street,  S.W. ,  2d. 


BRIGHTON  AND  SUSSEX:  Sept.  2  and  3. 

The  annual  autumn  show  of  the  above  Society  was 
held  as  usual  in  the  Royal  Pavilion  and  the  grounds 
contiguous.  The  exhibition  on  this  occasion  was  a 
thoroughly  representative  one,  both  plants,  cut  flowers, 
and  fruit  were  of  a  high  order  of  merit.  The  rooms 
and  the  large  marquee  were  lighted  in  the  evenings  of 
both  days  by  the  electric  light  ;  the  large  numbers  of 
visitors  present  testified  their  appreciation  of  this  advan- 
tage, which  afforded  many  an  opportunity  of  viewing  the 
exhibition  who  otherwise  would  not  during  the  daytime 
have  been  able  to  do  so. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  were  shown  in  good 
numbers  ;  those  in  the  winning  collections  were  in  first- 
rate  condition,  with  but  few  exceptions.  We  noticed  a 
few  specimens  that  had  nearly  run  their  course,  having 
become  somewhat  scrubby  ;  it  is  a  mistake  to  keep  such 
as  these,  as  young  plants  taking  less  rooms  would  be 
far  more  effective. 

Flowering  Plants. 
In  the  large  class  for  eight  specimens  in  bloom,  the 
Ashbury  Cup  was  offered  for  the  best  collection;  this  was 
well  won  by  Mr.  Gilbert,  of  Hastings,  with  specimens  in 
his  well  known  and  capital  style,  all  being  most  flori- 
ferous.  These  consisted  of  Kalosanthes  coccinea  superba, 
of  intense  colour ;  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  and  A. 
cathartica,  both  well  done  ;  Erica  oemula,  a  fine  plant  ; 
and  E,  Exquisita,  very  fresh  and  healthy  ;  Statice  Gil- 
berti,  a  fine  example  ;  Ixora  Williamsi,  a  good  bush  ; 
and  a  capital  plant  of  Erica  cerinthoides  coronata.  Mr. 
Rann,  gr.  to  J.  Warren,  Esq.,  Handcross  Park,  Crawley, 
took  2d  place  with  a  very  fine  Erica  cerinthoides  coro- 
nata, the  picture  of  health,   and  freely  flowered;  Alia- 


344 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,   1885. 


manda  Henderson!,  good  ;  and  Ixora  Frasen,  in  capital 
order.  Mr.  Meachen,  gr.  lo  C.  Armstrong,  Esq., 
Woodslee,  Brighton,  followed,  and  among  whose  collec- 
tion was  in  exxellent  specimen  of  P.melea  decussata,  a^ 
fresh  and  healthy  as  it  is  seen  in  May  and  a  large  bush 
of  Rondeletia  speciosa  major,  not  suHiciently  m  flower 
to  be  effective.  .    ,  .  . 

For  four  specimens  Mr.  Gilbert  repeated  his  previous 
achievement  winning  with  medium  sized  bushes  densely 
flowered  of  '  Erica  Eweriana,  fine  colour  ;  Allamanda 
nobilis,  with  flowers  of  extra  size ;  a  good  Dipladenia 
amabihs,  and  a  bright  piece  of  Statice.  Mr-  Ran n  agam 
came  2d,  having  a  finely-coloured  example  of  Dipladenia 
hybrida.  „ 

Foliage  Plants. 

For  six  fine-foliage  plants  and  six  exotic  Ferns,  Mr. 
Rnnn  turned  the  tables  on  his  opponent,  winning  with 
prand  specimens,  the  best  being  Thrinax  elegans,  some 
ii  feet  by  12  feet,  very  healthy  ;  Dicksonia  antarctica, 
with  a  fine  head  of  fronds,  and  a  stem  some  10  feet  in 
height ;  Cycas  revoluta,  of  large  size  :  a  healthy  plant  of 
Croton  Weismanni,  and  two  good  Gleichenias,  (j. 
Mendelli  well  developed  ;  and  G.  rupestns  glaucescens, 
in  character  ;  Thyrsopteris  elegans  (from  Juan  Fer- 
nandez)  a  rare  Fern,  somewhat  resembling  Balantium 
culcita,  but  much  finer  in  all  its  parts,  was  also  in  this 
coUection.  Mr.  Gilbert  followed  in  this  case  with  a  good 
set  of  plants,  the  best  of  whith  were  Dicksonia  antarctica 
and  Adiantum  farleyense  among  the  Ferns,  and  Brahea 
tilamentosa  and  Croton  majesticus  among  the  foliage 
olants  Mr.  Tames,  of  Norwood,  came  3d,  having  a 
mnd  example  of  Davallia  Mooreana  and  a  fine  Areca 
lutescens— Macrozamia  Denisoniana  being  hkewise  a 
striking  plant. 

Pelargoniums. 

Mr  Gilbert  won  premier  honours  in  all  three  of  the 
open 'classes  for  zonal  Pelargoniums-viz. ,  for  four 
zonals  (not  scarlet),  four  scarlet  (showing  in  this  class 
four  plants  that  could  hardly  be  surpassed  m  the 
nuantitv  and  freshness  of  their  trusses  of  flower),  and  in 
that  for  six  doubles.  These  and  two  other  classes  pro- 
vided for  amateiu-s  and  gentlemen's  gardeners  in  the 
county  of  Sussex  only,  were  all  well  filled  with  good 
examples  of  culture,  Mr.  Townsend,  gr.  to  Captain 
Thompson,  Dyke  Road,  winning  in  the  two  latter  cases 
with  very  healthy  plants. 

Grouts  of  Plants. 

Two  competitors  only  entered  for  the  substantial 
prizes  offered  for  groups  arranged  for  effect.  Mr, 
Turner  gr.  to  Major  Way,  Wick  Hall,  won  with  ease 
having  a  very  light  and  diversified  arrangement  well 
balanced  in  colour.  Mr.  Meachen  followed  mth  a  group 
that  was  showy  by  leason  of  the  quantity  of  flower,  but 
lacking  in  artistic  taste,  white  sticks  being  very  pro- 
minent, and  two  bushes  of  Crotons  employed  that  greatly 
spoilt  the  effect  of  the  whole. 

Two  groups  of  Ferns  were  very  pleasing,  they  would, 
however  have  been  considerably  enhanced  in  effect  if  a 
few  Liliums  could  have  dotted  amongst  them,  these 
came  from  Mr.  Jupp,  gr.  to  G.  Botilton,  Esq.,  of  East 
bourne,  and  Mr.  Meachen. 

For  four  variegated  plants,  the  latter  exhibitor  beat 
Mr  Rann  in  a  close  competition,  having  very  bright  and 
fresh  examples  of  Anthurium  crystallinum  (seldom  seen 
in  better  condition)  and  Croton  Queen  Victoria  (a  hne 
young  plant),  Mr.  Rann's  best  plants  being  Croton 
angustifolius  and  C.  Evansianus,  the  latter  :  though  rich 
in  colour,  is  not  a  variety  that  brightens  up  a  group. 

For  groups  of  Fuchsias  and  Coleus  of  decorative  size, 
Mr  Fluck  and  Mr.  Jupp  took  the  1st  prizes,  having 
capital  examples  of  cultivation— the  latter  exhibitor  also 
took  the  ist  place  with  four  small  but  fresh  plants  m 
flower  (limited  to  the  county  only). 

Table  Plants. 

For  twelve  table  plants,  Mr.  Turner  won  with  a  clean 
lot  of  plants,  Eulalia  japonica  variegata  being  one  of  the 
best ;  Mr.  Tames  taking  2d. 

For  six  Mr.  Miles,  Victona  Nursery,  Dyke  Road, 
was  ist  with  a  good  set— Cypems  natalensis,  a  green 
variety,  with  narrow  foliage,  and  Acalypha  tricolor  were 
both  good  in  this  collection. 

In  the  cut  flower  classes,  of  which  there  were  numbers 
provided  Roses.  Dahlias,  and  cut  stove  and  green- 
house and  herbaceous  plants  were  the  most  prominent 
features. 

Roses. 


In  the  Rose  classes  Mr.  Slaughter,  of  Steyning,  was 
the  most  successful  exhibitor,  taking  ist  for  twelve  vane- 
ties  in  bunches  of  three  trusses,  for  twelve  Tea  and 
Noisette  in  each  division,  and  for  twelve  single  trusses. 
The  Tea-scented  kinds  were  strongly  shown  by  him  in 
each  of  these  classes  ;  the  best  were  Mane  van  Houtte, 
Madame  de  Tartas,  Belle  Lyonaise,  Madame  Lambard, 
Anna  Olivier,  Catherine  Mermet,  Jean  Pemet,  Madame 
Cusin,  Innocente  Pirola,  M.adame  Falcot,  Comtesse 
Rizadu  Pare,  and  lean  Diicher  ;  his  best  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals  being  A.  K.  WilUams,  Eugene  Furst, 
Etienne  Levet,  Baroness  de  Rothschild,  and  Marqms  de 
CasteUane.  „  ,  .  ■       j    (•„ 

Messrs.  WoUard  were  ist,  and  Mr.  Balchin  2d,  tor 
twenty-four  varieties,  showing,  besides  some  of  those 
above-named  :— Prince  Camille  de  Rohan,  Duke  of 
WelUngton,  Charles  Darwin,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  J. 
Stuart  Mill,  and  Alfred  Colomb,  of  Hybrid  Perpetuals, 
and  Bouquet  d'Or  and  Niphetos  among  Tea-scented 
kinds.  Mr.  Piper,  of  the  Uckfield  and  Piltdown  Nur- 
series, also  showed  some  good  boxes  in  both  sections. 

Dahlias. 

For  Dahlias  no  less  than  eleven  classes  were  prorided, 

and  in  each  the  competition  was  keen  ;  an   excellent 


standard  in  quality  pervaded  the  entire  lot.  For  forty- 
eight  show  kinds,  and  twenty-four  fancy  ditto,  Mrs. 
Scale,  Vine  Nurseries,  Sevenoaks,  was  awarded  the  ist 
prizes,  with  fine  blooms  ;  Messrs.  Cheale,  The  Nurse- 
ries, Crawley,  being  in  each  case  2d  ;  and  with  pom- 
pons and  single  kinds  the  latter  firm  won  with  com- 
parative ease,  having  good  collections. 

In  the  smaller  and  limited  classes,  Mr.  Vincent,  gr.  to 
Mr.  Hart,  Keymer  ;  Mr.  Boothroyde,  gr.  to  H.  Cole- 
man, Esq.,  Dover  ;  and  Mr.  Simmons,  gr.  to  Rev.  R. 
C.  Hales,  Woodmancote  Rectory,  were  the  chief  and 
most  successful  competitors. 

Herbaceous  and  Hardy  Cut  Flowers 

were  a  prominent  feature,  making  an  excellent  display. 
Mr.  Balchin  was  placed  ist,  Mr.  Van  der  Rees,  Exotic 
Nursery,  Tooting,  2d ;  and  Messrs.  Cheal,  3d, 
each  collection  containing  some  striking  features  : 
the  most  prominent  were  Montbretia  Pottsii,  Lathyrus 
latifolius  roseus,  L.  1.  alba,  Tritoma  uvaria,  Hyacinthus 
candicans.  Acanthus  moUis,  Aster  bessarabicus,  Statice 
latifolius,  S.  incana  hybrida,  Pentstemon  Mr.  Gladstone, 
Gypsophila  gigantea,  G.  paniculata,  Helianthus  multi- 
florus.  Chrysanthemum  Madame  des  Grange,  Erigeron 
glabellus,  Alstromeria  brasiUensis,  Gaillardia  picta 
grandiflora,  Harpalium  rigidum,  Anemone  japonica  alba, 
Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  Coreopsis  lanceolata,  Anchusa 
italica,  Chelone  barbata,  Geum  coccineum  plenum, 
Echinops  ruthenicus,  Erigeron  californicum. 

In  the  smaller  class  for  twelve  varieties,  Mr.  Vincent 
was  1st,  with  a  good  box. 

The  competition  for  stove  and  greenhouse  cut  flowers 
was  not  so  good  as  usual,  a  capital  box,  however,  from 
Mr.  Archer,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gibson,  Saffron  Walden,  took  the 
ist  price,  in  which  Cattleya  crispa,  Lapagerias,  Dipl.i- 
denias,  AUamandas,  I.xoras,  and  Ericas  (E.  Irbyana,  E. 
Aitonia,  &c,),  were  the  most  prominent.  In  Mr.  James' 
2d  prize  collection  weie  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum 
and  C.  Harrisianum,  Saccolabium  Blumei  majus,  and 
Aerides  quinquevulnerum,  were  very  good. 

Mr.  Dixon,  gr.  to  Sir  T.  M.  Wilson,  Bart.,  Searies 
Fletching,  was  ist  for  a  large  collection  of  wild  flowers, 
staged  in  three  boxes  ;  Mr.  Budd,  of  Pound  Hill,  Craw- 
ley, being  2d. 

Fruit. 
Abundance  of  exhibits  was  the  feature  of  the  fruit 
classes,  Mr.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  N.  Hoare,  Esq., 
Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham,  was  ist  for  twelve  dishes  of 
fruit,  with  an  excellent  assortment  of  good  quality  ;  Mr. 
Dixon  following  with  a  good  lot.  Victoria  and  Red 
Roman  Nectarines,  Royal  George  Peaches,  Brunswick 
Figs,  and  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  Pears,  were  among 
the  best  dishes,  besides  the  Muscat  Grapes  in  the  ist  col- 
lection. .     . 

Mr.  Bates  showed  a  good  Queen  Pine  in  its  class,  no 
other  competitor  having  come  forward. 
The  Grape  classes,  however,  produced  most  abundant 

For  six  varieties,  three  bunches  of  each,  Mr.  Chatfield, 
gr  to  T.  Holman,  Esq.,  East  Hoathly,  was  a  capital  ist, 
with  Black  Hamburgh  (good),  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
and  Black  Alicante,  Gros  Colmar,  and  Muscat  Ham- 
burgh, the  latter  fine  in  bunch  but  not  coloured.  In 
the  2d'  prize  lot,  from  Mr.  Gore,  The  Gardens,  Glenleigh, 
Hastings,  were  two  good  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pearson. 

Some  fine  bunches  were  shown  in  the  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  classes,  but  most  of  them  lacked  finish. 
Mr.  Miles,  of  Kemp  Town  Nurseries,  was  ist,  both  for 
six  and  for  three  bunches,  wanting  a  week  or  two  more 
to  perfect  them  in  colour,  otherwise  they  left  nothing  to 
be  desired  ;  Mr.  Goldsmith  followed  in  each  case  with 
smaller  bunches,  but  better  coloured  on  the  whole. 

In  the  corresponding  classes  for  Black  Hamburgh  Mr. 
Holston,  gr.  to  R.  H.  Penney,  Esq.,  Dyke  Road  staged 
some  first-rate  examples  of  culture,  and  won  ist  honours 
in  either  case;  Mr.  Inghs,  gr.  to  F.  C.  Lister,  Esq., 
Cuckfield,  being  2d.  for  three  ;  and  Mr.  Warren,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Hankey,  Balcombe,  foi-six  bunches,  each  showing 

well.  „        ■  J  .      r- 

In  the  county  classes  Mr.  Spottiswoode,  gr.  to  G. 
Duddell,  Esq,  was  ist,  with  Muscat,  fine  in  berry; 
whilst  for  Black  Hamburgh  Mr.  Godley,  gr.  to  Dr.  W. 
Moore,  Burgess  Hill,  was  ist,  having  good  bundles, 
fine  also  in  berry.  .  ,-       „ 

For  Peaches.  Mr.  Miles  was  ist,  with  very  fine  Har- 
ringtons ■  and  Mr.  Balchin  2d,  with  handsome  fruit  of 
Princess  of  Wales  ;  and  in  the  county  class  Mr  White, 
gr  to  H  V  Shaw,  Ksq.,  Keymer,  ist,  with  fine  Noblesse. 

'For  Nectarines,  Mr.  Biggs,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Loder,  Esq 
Crawley,  took  both  ist  prizes,  with  Hunt's  Tawny  and 
Violette  native,  both  fine  dishes. 

Figs  are  always  fine  at  this  show,  but  the  competition 
was  not  su  good  as  on  former  occasions,  Mr.  Butler,  of 
Lancing,  taking  both  ist  prizes,  with  fine  large  fruits  of 
Brown  Turkey  and  Madagascar.  .      ,  ^, 

For  Plums  Mr.  Maxted,  gr.  to  the  Marqms  of  Ely, 
Kearsney  Abbey,  took  ist  place,  with  fine  Jefferson  ; 
and  Mr.  Inglis  the  2d,  with  large  Washington, 

Mr.  Holman  was  the  prize  winner  for  Green  Gages, 
showing  very  good  fruit. 

Cherries  (Morello)  were  a  fine  lot  in  each  class,  Mr. 
Booth,  gr.  to  W.  Yates,  Esq.,  Uckfield,  taking  botli 
ist  prizes  witli  large  fruit. 

Apples  were  not  so  fine  as  usual,  but  many  good 
dishes  were  shown.  Lord  Suffield,  Hawthornden,  Wor- 
cester Pearmain,  and  Astrachan  were  the  most  promi- 
nent. ^      ,^. 

Mr.  Booth  took  ist  for  culinary,  and  Mr.  Virgo, 
Wonersh  Nursery,  Guildford,  for  dessert  fruit.  Williams 
Bon  Chretien  Pears  were  the  favourites  in  either  class, 
Messrs.  Goldsmith  and  Remnant  taking  the  ist  pnzes. 

For  six  kinds  of  Apples  Mr.  Gore  came  in  ist. 
Nelson's  Glory  and  Wellington  being  good  ;  Mr.  Rem- 
nant 2d. 


Tomatos  were  shown  finer  than  we  have  seen  them  all 
the  season.  Trophy  taking  the  ist  prize  for  Mr.  Walder, 
gr.  to  F.  C.  Cornish,  Esq.,  Burgess  Hill.  Reading 
Perfection,  also  very  fine,  from  Mr.  Stringer,  Rose 
Cottage,  West  Brighton,  being  2d. 

Miscellaneous. 

Mr.  Balchin  filled  the  entire  available  space  of  one  of 
the  rooms  in  the  Pavilion  with  a  collection  of  decorative 
plants,  prominent  among  which  were  a  specimen  of 
Cattleya  crispa,  having  forty-one  flowers  on  six  spikes, 
just  at  their  best,  and  a  large  plant  of  Pancratium 
fragrans  with  six  spikes.  Tuberoses,  Vallotas,  Rochea 
falcata  ;  small  and  choice  Ericas,  with  handsome  Palms 
and  Dracaenas,  Acalypha  tricolor,  Eulalia  japonica  varie- 
gata, and  other  plants  made  the  group  very  attractive. 

Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.,  of  Forest  Hill,  sent  a  number 
of  choice  single  and  double  Begonia  blooms,  varied  and 
rich  in  colour. 

Mr.  James  contributed  a  group  of  choice  and  rare 
plants,  prominent  among  which  were  Sarracenias  and 
other  insectivorous  plants. 

Mr.  W.  Miles,  West  Brighton  Nurseries,  contributed 
a  large  group  of  fine-foliage  plants,  among  which  were 
some  Musas  and  a  plant  of  Areca  sapida,  also  well 
grown  Nephrolepis  davallioides  furcans  in  better  form 
than  it  is  usually  seen.  J.  H. 


WARWICKSHIRE    HORTICULTURAL: 

September  2  and  3. 

The  exhibition  that  was  held  in  the  Jephson  Gardens, 
Leamington,  on  the  days  above  named,  gave  abundant 
evidence  that  horticulturists  in  this  and  the  surrounding 
district  are  in  no  way  behind  their  brethren  in  other 
parts  of  the  country  in  the  several  departments  of  gar- 
dening. Plants,  both  flowering  and  fine-leaved,  were 
very  well  shown,  as  also  cut  flowers,  fruits,  and 
vegetables.  A  notable  feature  of  the  show  was,  that  few 
exhibits  of  an  inferior  description  were  present.  In 
many  cases  exhibitors,  who  had  to  be  content  with  a  2d 
or  a  3d  award,  staged  productions  little  inferior  to  those 
of  their  more  fortunate  compeers. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
In  the  open  class  for  ten  in  bloom,  Mr.  W.  Finch,  gr. 
to  James  Marriot,  Esq.,  Coventry,  was  a  good  ist, 
staging  a  good  group,  the  best  of  which  were  Lapageria 
rosea,  a  very  large  plant,  splendidly  flowered  ;  Sobralia 
macrantha,  with  about  a  dozen  blooms;  the  seldom- 
shown  Strelitzia  Regins,  bearing  eight  or  nine  of  its 
singular  heads  of  flower ;  Dipladenia  amabilis,  Alla- 
manda Hendersoni,  and  Bougainvillea  glabra,  well 
bloomed  and  fresh  ;  2d,  Mr.  Coysh,  gr.  to  E.  H. 
Wood,  Esq.,  Newbold  Revel,  Rugby,  whose  most  riote- 
worthy  specimens  were  Lapageria  rosea,  Ixora  coccinea, 
Allamanda  Hendersoni,  and  Taberncemontana  flore- 
pleno. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — With  these  Mr.  C. 
Finch,  gr.  to  W.  R.  Mann,  Esq.,  Leamington,  took  the 
lead,  having  in  a  well-managed  half-dozen  a  grand 
example  of  the  white  Lapageria,  covered  with  its  charm- 
ing flowers  ;  Clerodendron  fallax,  Bougainvillea  glabra, 
and  Allamanda  Hendersoni.  Mr.  Hopkins,  gr.  to 
J.  D.  Barbour,  Esq.,  Leamington,  who  was  a  close  2d, 
had,  with  others,  an  unusually  fine  specimen  of  Lager- 
strosmia  indica  some  8  feet  high  by  6  in  diameter, 
profusely  studded  with  its  remarkable  pink  flowers,  and 
Dipladenia  amabilis,  nicely  bloomed. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  three  in  flower  and 
three  fine-fohage  (amateurs).— ist,  Mr.  Morris,  gr.  to 
R.  Moon,  Esq. ,  Coventry,  showing  in  a  creditable  col- 
lection Eucharis  aniazonica,  with  about  three  dozen 
good  spikes,  and  Dipladenia  amabilis  carrying  numerous 
bunches  of  unusually  fine  flowers  :  Croton  angustifolius 
and  Alocasia  metallica  in  the  same  group  were  well 
grown  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Finch,  who  had  Oncidium  flexuosum 
and  Allamanda  cathartica  very  nicely  bloomed.  With 
these  were  good  specimens  of  Cocos  Weddelliana  and 
Kentia  Belmoreana. 

Fine-foliage  Pl.4nts. 

With  ten  in  the  open  class  Mr.  Coysh  had  ist,  staging 
a  bright  looking  group,  the  best  being  Croton  Weis- 
manni, C.  undulatus,  Phrenix  dactylifera,  and  Cycas 
revoluta;  2d,  Mr.  Moorhouse,  gr.  to  H.  Nelson,  Esq., 
Warwick,  who  in  a  large  and  effective  collection  had 
fine  examples  of  Seaforthia  elegans,  Alocasia  Veitchii, 
and  Maranta  Veitchii. 

Six  Coleus.— ist,  Mr.  C.  Finch,  with  large  specimens  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Morris. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums 
were  very  well  shown,  and  being  present  in  consider- 
able numbers  made  an  effective  display.     Mr.  Hopkins 
took  ist,  with  six  ;  Mr.  West,  gr.  to  F.  W.  Arkwright, 
■Esq.,  2d. 

Fuchsias. 

With  six  nicely  flowered  moderate  sized  plants,  Mr. 
Morris  had  ist,  Mr.  West  2d. 

Tuberous  Begoni.^s 
in  sixes,  were  shown  in  good  "condition,  good  kinds,   well 
flowered,  Mr.  West  taking  the  lead  with  nicely  managed 
plants,  Mr.  F.  Perkins  2d. 

Groups  of  Plants  Arranged  for  Effect 
formed  quite  a  feautre  in  the  exhibition,  and  being 
unusually  well  done  were  very  attractive,  Mr.  F.  Perkins, 
Rcent  Street,  Leamington,  taking  a  decided  lead,  with 
an  arrangement  in  which  more  originality  was  displayed 
than  in  the  ordinary  sloping  combinations  of  flowers  and 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


345 


foliage,  now  becoming  almost  irksome  to  look  upon. 
Less  colour,  with  more  green  surface,  was  the  leading 
feature  in  the  arrangement,  the  flowering  plants  being 
more  concentrated  than  usual  ;  several  mounds  raised 
somewhat  above  the  level  of  the  green  setting  material, 
in  which  the  taller  plants  were  stood,  contributed  no 
little  to  the  effect  of  the  group  ;  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons, 
Shrewsbury,  who  were  2d,  had  also  a  nice  group. 

f^rizes  were  likewise  offered  for  small  groups  or 
baskets,  such  as  suitable  for  a  recess,  the  ist  prize  going 
to  Mr.  Coysh,  who  had  a  tastefully  arranged  exhibit  ; 
2d,  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons. 

Amateurs'  Division. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — ist,  Mr.  F.  As- 
tell,  showing  small  plants,  nicely  flowered. 

Three  Ferns. — ist,  Mr.  Rogers,  with  nicely  grown 
plants. 

Six  Coleus.— rst,  Mr.  Astell. 

Four  Fuchsias. — 1st,  Mr.  Astell,  who  had  small  pLmls 
beautifully  bloomed. 

Four  Begonias, — ist,  Mr.  Astell. 

With  a  window-stand  Mr.  Rogers  was  ist,  showing  a 
tastefully  constructed  stand  nicely  filled  with  flowering 
and  foliage  plants. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  a  very  large  display  of  cut  flowers  of  various 
kinds,  hardy  and  exotic. 

With  twenty-four  Dahlias,  Mr.  W.  Burbery,  Renil- 
worih,  was  well  to  the  fore  with  well-developed,  full- 
sized  blooms  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Kimberley  &  Sons,  Coventry. 

Twelve  Dahlias.  —  isi,  Mr.  Burbery ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Jones  &Sons. 

Roses  were  in  nice  condition  for  so  late  in  the  season 
and  the  ungenial  weather.  With  thirty-six,  Messrs. 
Perkins  &  Sons,  Coventry,  took  the  lead,  staging  a  nice 
lot  of  young  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Perkins,  who  hkewise 
had  a  creditable  lot  of  blooms. 

Gladiolus. — Here  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons  were  along 
way  ahead,  with  about  half  a  hundred  spikes,  nicely 
.  shown  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Kimberley  &  Sons. 

Hardy  herbaceous  flowers,  twenty-four  varieties. — ist, 
Mr.  F.  Peikins,  having  a  beautiful  collection,  nicely  set 
up  :  2d,  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons. 

Twenty-lour  bunches  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
distinct  varieties. — Here  again  Mr.  F".  Perkins  took  ist 
honours,  with  a  very  fine  lot,  in  which  most  of  the  best 
kinds  of  stove  flowers  were  represented  ;  Mr.  Coysh, 
who  was  2d,  also  had  a  very  good  stand. 

Dinner-table  Decorations, 

These  had  a  tent  to  themselves,  and  made  an  effective 
display.  The  competition  was  close  in  the  class  tor  a 
table  to  dine  twelve  people,  ist  honours  being  taken  by 
Mr.  F.  Perkins,  with  a  table  on  which  the  tall  now-all- 
but- out- of- fashion  glass  stands  were  elegantly  arranged 
with  flowers  and  green  foliage  ;  one  of  the  best  features 
in  this  exhibit  was  that  the  flowers  were  not  too  much 
crowded.  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons  were  a  good  2d,  their 
table  being  similar  in  its  arrangement  to  that  which  took 
ist  ;  3d,  Mr.  Coysh. 

Single  centre-piece  (amateurs). —  1st,  Mr.  Stevens, 
Warwick,  with  a  March  stand,  nicely  filled;  2d,  Mr. 
Barret,  Rugby. 

Some  beautiful  bouquets  were  shown  in  the  open  class 
for  two — bride's  and  bridesmaid's— by  Messrs.  Perkins 
&  .Sons  and  Mr.  F.  Perkms,  who,  in  a  very  close  run, 
took  the  prizes  in  the  order  their  names  are  given  ;  both 
the  competitors  are  noted. for  their  productions  in  thjs 
fascinating  branch  of  floral  art,  and  evidently  both  bad 
been  straining  a  point  to  win. 

in  the  amateurs'  class  for  bouquets.  Miss  A.  Rogers 
had  ist  ;  Mrs.  Lloyd  Evans.  Warwick,  was  2d. 

Fkuit 

was  well  shown,  especially  Grapes,  and  the  different  hardy 
kinds  now  in  season,  and  which  the  climate  and  soil 
hereabouts  are  well  suited  to.  With  ten  dishes  Mr. 
Hopkins  took  ist,  having  a  nice  collection,  in  which 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Golden  Hamburgh  Grapes.  Pit- 
maston  Orange  and  KIruge  Nectarines  were  the  best> 

Single  Pine. — ist.  Mr.  Hopkins,  ^ilh  a  Queen  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  Kimberley  &  Sons. 

Two  Melons. — ist,  Mr.  Smallman,  Leamington,  with 
a  good  pair  ol  (iolden  Gem  ;  2d,  Mr.  Coysh. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh. — ist,  Mr.  W. 
Finch,  who  had  nice  bunches  very  well  finished  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Thompson,  gr.,  to  Colonel  WooUcombe,  Coventry, 
who  also  staged  good  bunches,  quite  black,  but  a  little 
thin  of  bloom.  Three  bunches  ol  white  Grapes.  — Here 
Mr.  Smallman  took  a  decided  lead,  with  large  and  finely 
finished  examples  ol  Auckland  Sweetwater ;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
F.  Mills,  gr.  to  E.  Flower,  Esq.,  Stratford-on-Avon, 
having  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  fine  bunches  and  even 
berries,  but  wanting  in  colour. 

Basket  of  hardy  fruit,  unlimited  as  to  number  of  varie- 
ties.—ist,  Messrs.  Kimberley,  who,  in  a  good  exhibit, 
had  nice  examples  of  Moor  Park  Apricots,  Figs,  Peaches, 
and  Nectarines  ;  2d.  Mr.  S.  Corbett,  Coventry. 

Three  dishes  of  Plums.— These  were  well  shown.  Mr. 
Hopkins  taking  the  lead  with  Belle  de  Louvain,  Wash- 
ington, and  Pond's  Seedling  {  2d,  Mr.  Smallman.  having 
Rivers'  Golden  Gage,  Washington,  and  Victoria. 

Three  dishes  of  Apples. — These  also  were  in  great 
force.  Mr.  Hopkins  again  coming  to  the  frorit  with  Red 
Astrachan,  Kentish  Killbasket,  and  Lord  Sufiield  :  2d. 
Mr.  F.  Perkins. 

Three  dishes  of  Pears.— ist,  Mr.  S.  Corbett ;  2d,  Mr. 
Hopkins. 

Six  dishes  of  fruit  (amateurs).— ist,  Mr.  Corbett. 
staging  nicepxamples  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Royal 
George  Peaches,  and  a  Trentham  Hybrid  Melon. 

Messrs.  Smith,  of  Worcester  exhibited,  not  for  com- 


petition, a  group  of  miscellaneous  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  and  cut  Roses,  Gladiolus,  and  herbaceous 
flowers. 

From  Messrs.  Hewitt  &  Co.,  Solihull,  near  Birroihg- 
ham,  came  Begonias,  Ferns,  and  various  other  plants, 
very  nicely  shown. 

Mr.  F.  Perkins  contributed  his  new  Pelargonium 
Volont(^  Nationale  white  variety,  Lilies,  and  double  and 
single  Dahlias. 

Mr.  S.  Harston  had  a  large  collection  of  fruit  and 
vegetables. 


SHIRLEY,     MILLBROOKE,     and     FREE- 
MANTLE  :  August  26. 

This  Society,  which  exercises  horticultural  jurisdiction 
over  a  large  and  prosperous  suburb  of  Southampton, 
held  its  twentieth  summer  show  in  Whitedwood  Park  on 
the  above  date,  and,  contrary  to  its  too  frequent  experi- 
ence, was  favoured  by  delightful  weather.  The  show 
displayed  many  excellent  features,  well  maintaining  its 
reputation  for  the  average  quality  of  its  exhibits.  Plants 
were  shown  generally  In  capital  form,  the  competition 
between  such  admirable  local  growers  as  Mr.  Wills,  gr. 
to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs,  Eassett.  and  Mr.  Amys,  gr. 
to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Yorke,  Ketley  Castle,  in  the  collections 
of  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  was  exceedingly 
close,  and  gave  the  judges  no  little  trouble.  Mr.  Amys 
was  eventually  placed  ist,  having  a  fine  Alsophila 
excelsa  Tree  Kern,  a  huge  Cycas  revoluta.  good  Croton 
interruptus,  Davallia  Mooreana,  AUamandas  Schottii 
and  Hendersoni,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  and  Ericas 
purpurea  obbata  and  Austini,  the  latter  4  feet  over  and 
grandly  bloomed,  and  other  plants.  Mr.  Wills"  chief 
features  were  a  fine  Latania  borbornica,  good  Cycas 
revoluta,  and  Areca  lutescens,  a  grandly  flowered  Statice 
prolusa,  5  feet  over  ;  fairly  good  Clerodendron  Bal- 
tourianum,  and  Phosnocoma  prolifera  Bamesii,  &c. 
Messrs.  J.  C.  &  H.  Ransom,  Hill  Nurseries,  came  3d. 

In  the  usual  decorative  group  class  those  two  latter 
were  the  only  competitors.  Mr.  Wills  showing  the  best 
arrangement,  a  little  too  heavily  dressed  with  Palms,  but 
containing  none  the  less  many  good  decorative  plants, 
amongst  which  some  fine  tufts  of  the  crimson  Celosia 
told  with  good  effect.  The  Messrs.  Ransom's  group 
included  the  too  httle  seen  Francoa  ramosa,  with  the 
usual  combination  of  Begonias,  Gloxinias,  Ferns,  &c-    ' 

In  the  competition  for  single  specimen  plants,  Mr. 
Wills  was  a  long  way  ahead  of  others  with  a  truly 
superb  P'uchsia,  Lye's  Charming,  a  grand  specimen  some 
8  feet  in  height,  and  proportionately  broad  at  the  base, 
perfect  in  form,  and  one  mass  of  foliage  and  bloom. 
The  same  exhibitor  was  ist  with  six  Ferns,  really  finely 
done  specimens,  ah  even  and  bright  in  colour— just  the 
sized  plants  for  such  an  exhibition.  These  comprised 
Adiantums  cardiochk-ena,  and  concinnum  latum  Dick- 
sonia  antarctica,  Davallia  polyantha,  Nephrolepis  daval- 
lioides  furcans,  and  Microlepia  hirta  cristata. 

Mr.  A.  King,  gr.  to  A.  Barber,  Esq..  Shirley,  had  four 
fine.  Adiantums  of  kinds,  and  Davalhas  Mooreana  and 
bullata. 

Mr.  Wills  always  exhibits  Begonias  well,  and  his  plants 
on  this  occason,  though  a  little  past,  were  fine  specmiens 
some  4  feet  in  height,  well  grown  and  flowered.  Mr. 
W.  Betteridge,  an  amattur  grower,  also  staged  some 
most  meritorious,  though  smaller  plants  in  profuse 
bloom. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  have  always  been  well  shown  in 
this  locality,  and  although  only  Mr.  Wills  and  the 
Messrs.  Ransom  were  the  chief  exhibitors,  their  speci- 
mens were  grand  ones.  Mr.  Wills  had  the  best  six 
singles,  large  plants  and  literally  masses  of  bloom,'  in 
Beauty  of  Surrey  ;  Rev.  J,  Atkinson,  John  Fellows,  Miss 
Wakefield,  Melissa,  and  Pirate,  chiefly  old  kinds. 
The  Messrs.  Ransom  had  the  best  six  doubles,  superbly 
bloomed  and  compact  plants,  from  30  to  36  inches 
through,  but  the  kinds  were  not  named.  Such  speci- 
mens as  these  zonal  Pelargoniums  were  are  seldom  seen 
at  metropolitan  shows.  A  very  interesting  leature  was  a 
charming  mixed  collection  of  double  and  single  zonals  in 
small  pots,  shown  also  by  the  Messrs.  Ransom,  giving 
an  admirable  opportunity  to  visitors  to  select  newer 
varieties,  but  unfortunately  none  were  legibly  named. 

Fruits. 

The  best  Grapes  in  each  of  the  classes  for  two  bunches 
came  from  Mr.  W.  Fowll,  of  Freemantle,  who  had  in 
blacks  good  Hamburgh  well  coloured  and  matured  ; 
Mr.  Amys  coming  2d  with  the  same  kind,  finer  in 
berry  but  rather  wanting  in  colour. 

In  the  white  class  Mr.  Fowll  had  good  Muscats  of 
Ale.xandria,  and  Mr.  Amys  was  again  2d  with  handsome 
bunches  of  Foster's  Seedling.  The  latter  was  ist  in  a 
good  competition  for  six  dishes  of  fruits,  having  excellent 
white  and  black  Grapes,  Peaches,  Apricots,  Melons,  &c. 

-Apples  were  well  shown,  the  best  dessert  kinds  being 
Irish  Peach  and  Red  .'Xslrachan,  and  the  finest  kitchen 
Apples,  Lord  Suflield  and  Kentish  Codlin. 

Good  Peaches,  Pears,  and  other  fruits  were  shown  in 
the  respective  classes. 

Vegetables.    ■ 

Vegetables  were  so  good  generally  as  to  lead  to 
wonder  how  they  could  have  been  produced  during  such 
a  season  of  drought.  Mr.  W.  )oy.  Hill  Lane,  was  ist. 
with  a  dish  of  twelve  Tomatos,  having  as  perfect  and 
fine  a  sample  as  we  have  seen  this  season  ;  the  sort  was 
either  Trophy  or  Stamjordian,  but  was  not  named. 
Mr.  Wills  came  2d,  also  with  a  fine  clean  sample. 

There  were  nine  bushels  of  Potatos  shown  in  the  usual 
Hampshire  oval  bushel  baskets,  the  best  a  capital 
sample  of  International,  coming  from  Mr.  W.  Colcj 
Rousham  ;  the  next  best  were  Bresee's  Prolific,  from 
Mr.  Wilkes,  Old  Shirley  ;  and  the  third  best,  Idaho,  a 


pinkish  round,  came  from  Mr.  Hallett.  Giant  King, 
White  Elephant,  and  First  and  Best,  were  also  shown. 

In  the  collections  of  twelve  kinds  Mr.  W.  Cole  had 
good  clean  examples  of  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Cirampian, 
Reading  Russet,  Adirondack,  White  Elephant,  Myatt's 
and  International  Kidneys. 

Onions  were  remarkably  good,  Mr.  G.  Payne  showing 
some  grand  Giant  Roccas,  other  kinds  being  very  large 
also  ;  and  Mr.  Haddon  had  the  best  spring-sown 
sarnples.  good  white  Spanish,  still  full  of  growth. 

Carrots,  Parsnips,  Beet,  &c.,  were  very  good  indeed, 
and  cottagers'  plants  and  vegetables  were  excellent. 


PAISLEY     HORTICULTURAL  : 
September  3  and  4. 

Within  the  George  A.  Clark  Hall  the  autumnal 
exhibition  of  the  Paisley  Horticultural  Society  was  held, 
and  was  remarkable  lor  the  extent,  variety,  and  quality 
of  exhibits,  and  for  the  vast  amount  of  local  interest 
manifested  in  it.  Shows,  to  be  succesful,  muSt  be 
patronised  in  a  large  measure  by  the  "  upper  ten,"  and 
this  was  abundantly  evident  here  by  the  character  of  the 
audience  that  listened  to  rather  a  teUing  and  effective 
"  opening  "  speech  by  Major  Coats,  which  appears  to 
the  writer  to  be  generally  interesting,  and  might  be 
worthy  of  a  place  in  your  columns.  The  working  classes 
crowded  the  hall  both  evenings,  so  that  financially  as 
well  as  horticulturally  the  exhibition  realised  all  that  its 
promoters  could  hope  for  or  desire. 

Coming  to  the  articles  exhibited,  the  post  of  honour — 
that  is,  the  filling  of  the  large  orchestra — was  entrusted 
to  Mr.  James  Beveridge,  gr.  to  Archibald  Coats,  Esq., 
Woodside.  and  Ije  did  it  well.  In  the  background  were 
splendid  specimens  of  Kentia  Fosteriana  and  K.  Pel- 
moreana,  with  Cycas  revoluta,  the  elegant  Priichardia 
pacifica.  Thrinax  elegans,  Dion  edule,  several  Zamias, 
which  from  their  elegance  and  diversity  of  fohage  at 
once  gave  a  character  to  the  specimen  and  other  plants 
making  up  the  frontage,  comprising  such  popular  Heaths 
as  Marnockiana,  jasminiflora  alba.  Austiniana,  Irbyana; 
several  nicely  flowered  Ixoras  and  Eucharis  ;  while  the 
underground  of  the  grosser  endogenous  vegetation  was 
lightened  up  with  several  good  and  well  flowered  half 
specimens  of  show  and  fancy  Pelargoniums,  the  imme- 
diate frontage  being  made  up  of  Maidenhair  and  other 
Ferns  again  brightened  by  the  arching  spikes  of  the 
Princess  of  Wales  Odontoglot.  and  the  feathery  inflor- 
escence of  the  pyramidal  Celosia,  comprising  in  all 
about  half-a-dozen  vanloads  of  plants. 

The  four  tables  running  along  the  hafl  were  filled  with 
specimen  plants.  One  table  was  literally  crammed  with 
highly  cultivated  plants  from  the  gardens  of  Mr.  Stewart 
Clarke,  M.P.,  and  put  up  by  his  enthusiastic  gardener — 
Mr.  Allan  Henderson.  Here  were  specimens  of  Ericas 
some  5  feet  in  diameter  of  Marnockiana,  no  less  than 
three  specimens  of  E.  retorta  major,  all  in  abundant 
bloom  ;  then  E,  Irbyana,  and  the  two  pet  seedlings 
of  two  veterans — one  gone  to  rest,  the  other  bent 
with  age.  but  as  keen  as  a  "  laddie"— we  mean 
E.  MacNabiana  and  E.  Tumbulli.  Seldom  do  we 
see  such  cultivated  plants  at  exhibitions.  These  were 
backed  by  several  Palms,  one  of  which,  Verschaffeltia 
iplendida,  was  simply  unique,  as  was  also  a  magnifi- 
cently grown  plant  of  that  daik  bronzy  Pitcher,  Nepenthes 
Mastersiana,  with  pitchers  in  perfection.  There  were  some 
fine  lots  of  Orchids  here,  chiefly  Odontoglots,  a  good 
form  of  Veitch's  Masdevallia,  a  splendidly  grown  plant  of 
Lalia  elegans.  a  charming  Cncidium  incurvum',  and 
some  beautiful  specimen  Lilium  lancifolium. 

In  a  "jn-.;-i'/j  table  was  the  collection  of  Mr.  Coats, 
of  Ferguslie  ;  put  up  by  the  acting  President  of  the  show 
Mr.  McDonald,  were  some  very  fine  Palms  and  Ferns, 
chief  among  the  former  were  Areca  sapida,  and  among 
the  latter,  Davallia  Mooreana,  which  takes  front  rank  for 
exhibitions  ol  this  kind,  interspersed  with  several  effec- 
Crotons,  some  magnificently  bloomed  Chrysanthemums, 
immense  plumes  of  Celosia  pyramidalis,  fine  coloured 
Dracaenas,  and  profuse  flowered  Vallotas,  which  along 
with  the  usual  front  "  padding  "  made  up  a  very  effective 
table. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons,  W.  Dickson,  and  A.  Pattison 
had  effective  tables  of  miscellaneous  plants.  The.  chief 
honours  in  the  competition  list  went  to  Mr.  J.  Maxwell, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Arthur  Barshaw,  his  two  red  and  white 
Lapagerias  and  his  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  being 
well  grown  and  abundantly  flowered  plants. 

The  Mignonette  from  Mr.  William  Cameron,  Fer- 
guslie Park,  was  very  creditable,  as  were  also  the  Tree 
Ferns,  foliage  plants,  and  table  plants—particularly  the 
latter,  from  Mr.  James  Maxwell,  and  from  Mr.  Henry 
Maxwell,  Ralston,  and  Mr.  Ale.\ander  Baird,  Cheepel 
House. 

Cut  flowers  were  numerous,  and  of  fair  quality 
throughout.  Mr.  James  Anderson.  Meadowbank,  was 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  for  a  good  plant  of 
the  singular  succulent-looking  Angrajcum  Leonis.  It 
had  two  flower-spikes,  each  four-flowered,  and  its  beau- 
tiful ivory  blossoms,  with  its  long  tail  twisted  about  fike 
a  tendril,  together  with  the  delicious  sweetness  ofits  per- 
fume, commanded  considerable  attention. 

Fruit  was  a  fair  exhibition,  Mr.  John  McGregor  and 
Mr.  C.  M.  Donald  taking  ist  place  for  black  and  white 
Grapes  respectively,  and  Mr,  Henry  Maxwell  having  ist 
honours  for  a  basket  of  fruit. 

Vegetables  were  largely  and  well  shown. 
An  interesting  feature  was  the  prizes  for  hotul  fide  ■ 
window-grown  plants,  comprising  such  things  as  the 
"  Bour  Irce,"  which  is  one  of  the  most  enduring  of 
plants  under  suffrage  [Will  our  reporter  kindly  tell  us 
what  this  may  be? — Ed.J;  Fuchsias,  Ivies.  Musk.  Thyme, 
"  Aaron's  Beard  "  Ferns,  particularly  the  Hart's-tongue, 
all  evidencing  from  their  attenuated  looks  "  back-alley  " 
quarters,     1  his  is  a  very  good  thing  to  go  for,  as  not 


346 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  18 


tending  to  educate  the  masses,  but  10  give  them  an  addi- 
tional interest  in  flowers,  plants,  and  plant  showing. 
7- A- 

GLASGOW  AND   WEST   OF    SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTURAL. 

The  auttinin  exliibilion  of  this  Society  was  held  in  St. 
Andrews  Hall,  on  Wednesday.  September  2.  and  was 
considered  the  best  autumn  exhibition  held  in  Glasgow 
within  the  last  twenty  years.  The  entries  in  the  various 
classes  numbered  nearly  1500.  The  most  extensive  and 
effective  collection  of  plants  was  that  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
].  &  R.  Thyne.  the  pLitlorm  being  entirely  filled  with 
Palms.  Ferns,  Pitcher-plants,  rare  Orchids.  Crotons,  iVc. 
A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to  a  fine  group  ot 
Croton  Thyneii.  also  for  C.  Regina.  the  latter  being 
shown  for  the  first  time.  Various  floral  decorations, 
such  as  bouquets,  wreaths,  &c.,  were  shown  by  the  same 
firm  (not  for  competition),  and  which  were  greatly  ad- 
mired. 

Councillor  Campbell,  fruiterer,  18,  Gordon  Street, 
filled  a  large  table  with  fine  specimens  of  home  and 
foreign  fruit,  which  was  deservedly  highly  commended 
for  quahty  and  tasteful  arrangement. 

Messrs.  William  Aitken  &  Sons,  Lenzie.  had  fine 
stands  of  Carnations,  Gladioli.  Pentstemons,  &c. 

Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co.,  Rothesay,  sent  stands  of  their 
noted  strains  of  florists'  flowers,  which  were  highly  com- 
mended by  the  judges.  Tliey  also  exhibited  their 
new  white  Turnip  (Model),  an  excellent  sort. 

Mr.  William  Campbell,  nurseryman.  Auchenraith.  had 
a  choice  collection  of  Carnations  and  Picotees,  his  Car- 
nation named  Snowflake  being  awarded  a  First-class 
Cerlificate. 

Mr.  John  Sutherland.  Lenzie,  had  a  fine  display  of 
seedling  Pansies,  many  of  which  will  doubtless  make 
their  mark  at  future  exhibitions,  sever.al  being  awarded 
First-class  Certificates. 

Messrs.  A.  Pattison  &  Son ,  Paisley,  were  also  awarded 
a  Firt-class  Cerlificate  for  their  seedling  Pansy  Lord 
Kosebery. 

Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  nurseryman,  Stranmer,  exhibited 
a  fine  stand  of  Roses,  wliich  were  highly  commended. 

Mr.  Cuthbertson,  Rothesay,  showed  some  fine  stands 
of  the  old  Scotch  Marigold,  which  had  been  much 
improved  by  him. 

Mr.  Lister,  Rothesay,  had  a  very  fine  collection  of 
show  and  fancy  Pansies,  very  highly  commended. 

Mr.  J.  Baxter,  -Daldowie,  exhibited  two  seedling 
Violas,  distinct  and  beautiful- 
Mr.  William  Kerr,  Dargavil,  Dumfries,  sent  a  splendid 
collection  of  Potatos,  comprising  seventy  varieties,  some 
of  which  were  seedlings  not  yet  in  commerce.  One  of 
the  latter  was  named  Franc  Gibb  Dougall,  in  compli- 
ment to  the  energetic  secretary  of  this  Society.  A  Cer- 
tificate of  Merit  was  awarded  to  the  coUection. 

GROUfs  OF  Plants. 
Among  the  collections  lorwarded  for  competition 
tst  place  must  be  given  to  the  collections  of  plants 
arranged  for  effect,  and  filling  tables  12  feet  by  6.  Five 
collections  competed  for  the  three  prizes  offered.  First 
prize  was  awarded  to  James  Mttchell.  gr.  to  —  Hunfr. 
Esq..  Newmains,  for  an  excellent  collection,  beautifully 
arranged.  This  collection  contained  a  good  plant  of 
Cattleya  crispa,  two  fine  Yuccas,  Palms,  Ferns,  grasses, 
and  various  variegated  plants.  Second  prize  was 
awarded  to  John  Maiheson.  gr.  to  J.  L.  Henderson. 
Esq.,  VVest  Bank.  P.irtick.  This  collection  .consisted 
of  Palms.  Vallotas.  Serines,  a  well  bloomed  Lxora.  and 
a  few  Orchi'ds.  a  want  of  finish  spoiling  what  was  other- 
wise a  fine  table.  Third  prize  was  awarded  to  A. 
Millar,  gr.  to  Robert  Ward,  Esq.,  Baillieston,  the 
plants  in  this  collecrion  being  too  large  for  the  size  of 
this  table. 

Pl.ANl'S. 

In  the  class  for  four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
Thomas  Hogg.  gr.  to  John  Gordon,  Esq.,  Aikenhead, 
.showed  a  grand  Slatice  profusa,  3  feet  across,  and 
d.-nsely  bloomed  :  a  good  Erica  Irbyana,  Phcenoconia 
prolifera  var.  B,iriiesii,  a  well-managed  plant  ;  and  .\n- 
thurium  .\ndreanum.  Mr.  Hogg  was  also  ist  for  exotic 
Ferns,  Gleichenias  Mendehi,  dichot  jma,  and  speluncse, 
all  good  ;  also  a  fine  plant  of  Microlepis  hirta  cristata. 
Mr.  Hogg  had  the  only  exhibit  of  three  Orchids.  Mr. 
Combie,  Greenock,  was  ist  for  a  single  specimen 
Orchid. 

John  Matheson.  gr.  to  |ohn  L.  Henderson,  Esq.,  had 
ist  prize  for  foliage  plants,  his  Croton  Weismanni  and 
Cycas  circinalis  being  in  fine  condition. 

The  other  collections  shown  in  this  class  combined  to 
make  a  most- effective  table. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Mr.  M.  Campbell.  Auchenraith.  was  awarded  the 
Silver  Medal  given  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Taylor,  jeweller, 
Trongate,  as  well  as  1st  prize  in  the  nurserymen's  class, 
for  twenty-four  blooms  of  Dahli;ts. 

Some  of  the  finest  examples  were  Harrison  Weir,  a 
most  perfect  bloom  ;  Statesman.  Hon.  Mrs.  Wyndham, 
Gaiety.  W.  H.  Wiliams.  Earl  of  Ravensworth,  Prince 
Bismarck,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Lottie,  and 
Eckford. 

Messrs.  James  Cocker  &  Son.  .•\berdeen,  had  ist  place 
for  twenty-four  blooms  of  Roses,  amongst  which  were  fine 
■blooms  of  Merveille  de  Lyon.  White  Baroness.  Dnke  of 
Teck,  Pride  of  Waltham,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  John 
Stewart  Mill,  Marie  Baumann,  and  .iii.  K.  Williams. 

Pansies  were  well  represented.  Mr.  John  Sutherland. 
Victoria  Nursery.  Lenzie.  taking  the  lead  with  a  stand  of 
perfect  blooms  remarkable  for  size,  substance,  and  form. 

Single  D.\hlias  were  well  shown  by  Messrs,  John 
Lamont  &  Son,  Musselburgh. 


Ma 


Mr.  S.  Boys,  Uddington,  had  fine  Ericas,  his  E. 
nockiana  gaining   the    prize  for   the  most  meritorious 
plant  in  the  exhibition. 

Vegetables. 

The  vegetables  were  a  wonderful  show,  the  chief 
prize-taker  being  D.  M'Bean.  gr.  to  A.  Cunningham, 
Esq.,  Craigend.  Johnstone.  His  box  of  vegetables  was 
superb,  and  easily  g.iined  ist  position.  Mr.  M'Bean  had 
also  ist  for  Leeks,  Onions,  Carrots;  Cauliflowers,  Savoys, 
Parsley,    and    Parsnips,    most  of  them  being  of  high 


.Alexander    Bogie,     Kilmarnock,     showed 
Potatos,  his  Village  Blacksmith  being  very  fine. 

Fruit  was  not   largely  shown.     Black  Grapes   g'^ 
white  not  so  well  as  we  usually  see  them  here.  K.  B. 


the    best 


and  J. 
was  prizi 


MASSACHUSETTS     HORTICULTURAL. 

Boston  :  Aug.   15 —The  free  exhibition  held  to-day 

from  12  noon  to  3  P.M.  in  the  Society  Hall,  was  the  best 

of  the  kind  that  has  been  made  this  season.   David  .Mian, 

gr.  to  R.  M.  Pratt,  showed  some  fine    Black  Hamburgh. 

Farbow  some  Canon  Hall  Muscat  Grapes.  This 

5  day  for  Gladioli  and  Phlox  Drummondi.   and 

splay  was  large  and  fine.     John  B.  Moore  &   Sons 

again  made  a  good  dispUy  of  of  H.P.  Roses  ;  W.  H. 
Spooner  exhibited,  for  the  first  time,  cut  blooms  of  the 
Stanwell  Perpetual  Scotch  Rose  ;  R.  T.  Jackson  showed 
flowers  of  the  new  Montbrelia  crocosmajflora  :  S.  .A. 
Chever.  a  fasciated  spike  of  Lilium  superbum  ;  N.  L. 
Wilson,  a  plant  of  Caladium  esculentum,  with  a  flower- 
spike  ;  C.  E.  Grant  showed  a  vase  of  Nemopanthes 
canadensis,  full  of  handsome  red  fruit  ;  D.  Zirngiebel 
was  aA'arded  a  Certificate  of  Merit  for  eight  pots  of 
dwarf  French  Asters.  On  the  fruit  table  we  noticed  some 
fine  Oldenburg,  Red  Astrachan,  and  Williams'  Apples, 
some  Clipp's  F.avourite,  Manning's  Elizabeth  and 
Brandywine  Pears.  The  show  of  vegetables  was  excel- 
lent ;  the  most  noiiceable  were  four  Hackensack 
Melons,  the  largest  weighing  15  lb. 

Alio  22.— The  exhibition  to-day  was  very  good.  The 
mnst  interesting  and  striking  feature  was  the  fine  collec- 
tion of  Water  Lilies  from  N.  S.  Simpson,  of  Yarmouth- 
pin,  who  was  awarded' a  Silver  Medal  lor  cultural  skill, 
shown  in  Nymphreas  rubra,  devoniensis,  zanzibarensis, 
aurea,  dentaia.  .alba,  candidissima,  &c.  Mrs.  F.  B. 
Hayes  sent  a  large  collection  of  H.P.  Roses,  Zinnias, 
and  Bignonia  precox,  the  latter  with  very  showy  flowers 
as  large  as  those  of  B.  grandiflora.  but.  unlike  that 
species,  quite  hardy  here.  In  habit  it  is  between  a 
shrub  and  a  climber.  The  display  of  Gladioli  made  by 
James  Cartwright  was  thought  to  be  the  best  ever  made 
in  the  hall.  W.  E.  Endicott  exhibited  hybrids  between 
G.  gandavensis  and  G.  purpurea  auratus,  sh( 
peculiar  markings  of  the  latter  species.     "  . 

showed  Cactus  Dahlia  Cochineal,  also  Cannas  Vesu- 
vius. Ehemanni.  Newtoni,  and  Saffrano.  Mrs.  P.  D. 
Richards  exhibited  a  large  collection  of  wild  plants, 
including  six  pieces  of  Desmodium.s  and  six  oftjerarcHa, 
also  Convallaria  multiBora.  E.  H.  Hitchings  exhibited 
pink  pond  Lilies,  also  Chrysopis  falcata,  Glaux  niari- 
tima  in  fruit,  and  Utricularia  clandestina.  To-day  was 
prize  day  for  .Asters.  E.  Sheppard  &  Sons,  Lowell, 
took  the  ist  prize  in  a  class  of  thirty  blooms,  not  less  than 
ten  varieties,  Truffaut's  Paeony  flowered,  and  ist  prize 
for  thirty  blooms  Victoria,  not  less  than  eight  varieties  ; 
also  2d  prize  for  thirty  sprays  of  pompons.  This  was  a 
very  fine  collection  in  every  respect.  The  show  of  fruits 
was  very  good,  and  included  Bartlett.  Tyson,  Rostiezer, 
and  Clapp's  Favourite  Pears;  Peaches,  Hale's  Eirly. 
B.  G.  Smith  showed  some  Lima  Beans,  some  of  which 
measured  i  i  inch  in  length.  ( Correspondent. ) 


M.  Ho 


The 
,  contains 
hich  is  in 


*hich 
rdens 


"  HORTI    FLORIDI." 
(A  RARE  OLD  Gardening  Book,  a.d.  1617.) 

By  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  W.  Baylor  Hartland,  of 
Cork,  I  saw  in  Apiil  last  a  very  curious  English 
translation  of  an  old  Dutch  floiicuUural  work,  a 
volume  of  oblong  shape,  the  exact  title  of  which  I 
cannot  give,  as  the  titlepage,  lic,  was  wanting,  ^ 
first  of  the  remaining  iSl  leaves,  howev 
an  ornamental  device,  in  the  centre  of 
Latin  the  verse  from  Matthew,  chap,  vi.,  begin- 
ning "  Consider  the  Lilies,  how  they  grow,"  &c.,  and 
below  we  read,  "  Formulis  Crispiani  Passsei  et 
Joannis  Waldnelij."  Then  follow  descriptions  and 
oblong  plates  of  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  and  if 
we  are  to  judge  by  the  number  of  the  forms  repre 


legend  "  Narcissus  omnium  maximus,  or  Narcissus 
Nonpareille,"  a  bold  yellow  N.  Incomparabilis, 
afterwards  represented  in  Hale's  Eden  also. 

Plate  ig  shows  two  forms  of  N.  poelicus,  N.  medio 
purpureas  and  N.  medio  luteus,  the  latter  with  a 
fasciated  scape  and  three  flowers— one  semi-double. 

On  plate  20  two  forms  of  Narcissi  are  shown 
appear  a  little  diflercnt  ftom   aught  in  our  g 
today.     The   first   resembles  N.Beinardi,  having,  a 
whitish  perianth  and  a  yellow  cup. 

Plate  21  shows  leaves,  bulbs,  and  flowers  of  N. 
totus  alhidus,  which  is.  no  doubt  our  N.  papyraceus, 
albeit  that  in  the  copy  now  before  me  the  artist  has 
put  a  saffron  rim  10  ihe  cup,,  of  which  matter  of 
colouring  in  this  book  mote  anon.  The  oiher  variety  • 
is  Narcissus  flote  muliiplici,  or  double  Poet's 
Narcissus. 

Plate  22  represents  a  very  fine  variety  of  N.  incom- 
parabilis with  broad  perianth  and  a  large  cup  having 
an  orange  rim.  The  companion  plant  on  the  same 
plate  may  be  Schizinlhe;  orientalis,  a  three-flowered 
scape,  but  the  cup  is  not  gashed  so  deeply,  and  the 
flowers  seem  larger,  so  that  it  possibly  may  be  a 
vaiiety  not  now  in  cullivati.m. 

Plate  23  shows  two  foimi  of  what  we  now  know 
as  N.  Iriandrus,  one  a  yellow-flowered  and  the  other 
a  white  one.  They  are  referred  to  on  the  plate  as 
N.  juncifolius  ampio,  cal.  lut.,  and  this  yellow  form 
reminds  one  of  the  N.  calalhinus  (=  N.  od.oius  var.) 
of  the  Bolanical  .]/ai;<izine,  t.  934.  The  white  form 
seems  to  be  N.  iriandrus  albus,  and  is  hetecilled  N. 
juncifolius  albo  1I  <".  reHexo.  The  habitat  is  given  as 
Pyrenetn,  "in  Pyienreis  moatibus  ftequens  inve- 
nitur." 

Plate  24  contains  two  forms  of  N.  odorus,  one 
double,  and  the  other  (N.  lugulosus)  single. 

On  plate  41,  .N-  intermedins  is  well  represented 
under  the  name  of  Narcissus  Juncifol.  major;  and  on 
the  same  plile  is  a  goori  portrait  of  the  common  Jon- 
quil, here  railed  N.  'Juncifol.  minor.  Some  plates 
and  desciipiions  have  been  added  at  the  end  of  the 
book,  and  C)f  these  two  are  devoled  to  Narcissi.  On 
plate  S  D.  N..  minimus  (uue)  is  figured  as  N.  pumilus, 
and  a  Urge  form  of  N.  I'seudo-Narcissus,  N.  Pseudo- 
Narcissus,  hisp.  mai.,  is  also  given.  On  the  plate  fol- 
lowing ny.  two  varieties  of  N.bulbocodium  are  figured, 
viz.,  a  small  pale  sulphur  (like  N.  cilrinus  minoi)  and 
a  small  while  which  may  be  N.  Graellsii.  Both  are 
said  to  come  from  the  mountains  of  Spain. 

Much  more  might  be  said  of  this  old  work,  but  I 
prefer  on  this  occasion  to  limit  my  review  of  it  to  it. 
Narcissus  plates,  hoping  that  Mr.  Krfhge  or  some 
other  of  our  Dutch  bulb  loving  friend*  may  be  able 
to  enlighten  us  as  to  its  proper  title  and  history. 

To  a  lover  of  bulbous  plants  this  book  is  a  great 
treasure,  and  the  instiuciions-  given  for  colouring  the 
plates  ate  so  quaint  and  interesting  thit  I  may  be 
excused  lor  alluding  to  them  here.  One  example 
may  suffice  as  an  illustr.ation  :  — 

"  The  great  winter  Dafl'odil,  or  Narcissus  flower  ' 
(=  Sternbergia  lutea).  —  "This  Narcissus  cometh  in 
the  harvest,  and  is  called  the  great  winter  Daffodil. 
The  one  is  thicker  of  leaves  (=  semi-double)  than 
the  other  ;  the  single  one  is  of  the  coloure  of  inas- 
ticot,  being  thinly  laid  on,  shadowed  with  sad  yellow  ; 
the  knobes  in  the  flower  ate  like  vnto  masticot,  but 
the  spriggs  wherevpon  the  little  knobes  doe  stand  are 
of  a  light  greene.  The  steale  or  stumpe  where -the 
flower  comes  forth  of  is  of  a  pale  masticot-yellow  at  the 
vpper  part  of  it,  but  below  it  is  of  a  pale  greene,  and  is 
painted  with  sad  yellow  and  aghe  coloure,  and  shadowed 
with  omber  and  sad  yellow,  and  a  little  black  red  alto- 
gether, and  the  vein  must  well  be  observed  that 
passeth  through  the  middle  of  the  leaves  because  of 
there  shyninge  glance." 

A  similar  description  is  given  for  all  the  flowers 
engraved,  and  at  the  end  of  the  volume  the  trans- 
lator has  a  curious   note  hoping  that  he  has  made 


ented,  the  Narcissus,  after  the  Tulip,  was  then  a  most       (),g    subject    sufficiently  clear   to    an    Englishman's 


popular  flower.  On  plate  3S  N.  Pseudo-Narcissus  is 
represented.  Then  we  come  to  a  plate  of  a  double 
variety,  called  Pseudo- Narcissus  Calice  pie. 
raultipl.  colore  luteo,  Dod.,  and  which  seems  to  be 
the  kind  now  called  N.  Capax  (  =  N.  Eystettensis). 
On  the  same  plate  is  another  double  called  Narcissus 
duplice  tuba  flor.  lut.,  Clus.,  or  double  trumpet,  and 
this  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  double  wild 
English  Daffodil.  .  Both  Ihese  figures  seem  to  have 
been  reproduced  at  -a  much  later  date  in  Hale's 
£dei!,  or  a  Compleal  Ro.ly  of  Gardening.  On  plate  4 
are  representations  ot  Narcissus  maxi.  dupl.  foliis,  a 
semi  double  N.  Incompaiabilis,  a  large  single  variety 
being  also  shown   on   the   same   plate   beneath  the 


understanding.  This  note  is  "  from  Utrecht,  this 
I2th  of  September,  1615  ;  yours,  E.  W." 

In  addition  to  the. coloured  plates,  the  initial  letters 
(wood  blocks)  are  quaint,  and  are  coloured  with  great 
care  in  the  copy  before  me. 

As  before  stated,  the  titlepage  is  torn  away,*  but 
on  the  sheet  at  the  commencement  of  the  Flowers  of 
.SDOTOTf  (2d  book)  we  find  the  imprint.  "  Arnheimi, 
Ex-Ofticina  loannis  lanfzonij,  Anno,  1617,  or  twelve 
years  earlier  than  Parkinson's  Paradisus,  which  was 
published  in  1629.  Should  any  reader  possess  a  com- 
plete'copy  of  this  quaint  old  book,  it  would  be  inter- 
esting to  know  mote  of  its  authorship  or  origin, 
F.   W.  Biirbidgc. 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


347 


iTA  TE  Of  TUB  WEATHBR  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesdav,  Sti-itMUEu  9,  1885. 


2945 
2945 
29  43 
29.50 


Glafshe 
Tables'  7th 


—0  45  71  257.0,14  263.0 -I-  3.955  6 

—  04S69.5S'0,18  5W.6+  0.850  9 

—  04869  0:50.3 
—0.41  73.048.9 
—0.5061.556.0 


!  —0.2968.0:50  5 
I— 0=9 64.549  8 


59.3 


17.S 


Sept. 


2950   —0.41  68.1  51.9  16. 2 


57.6 


496  72 

52  o  75 

57.6  99 

52.1  82 

—  J.1I46.8]  69 


73 


S.W. 

s.w. 
s.w: 
s.w. 

S.W. 


78 


—Alternately  clear  and  cloudy  throughout  l\vt  da 
. — Shght  rain  falling  from  early  morning   till  a 

9  A.M.,  dull  morning,  bright  afternoon. 
,.  — Fine  and  bright  at  times. 
i. — Fine  day. 
.  —  Frequent  heavy  falls  of  rain    throughout  the 

thunder  heard  between  ir  a.m.  and  noon. 
;.  — Rain   in  early  morning,  fine   and  bright  at  tim 

afternoon,  heavy  rain  at  night. 
I.    -Fine  day,  rough  wind. 


London  :  A/mospheru  rrasiire.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  5,  the  teadiny  of  the  barn- 
meter  at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29. Si 
inches  at  the  Ijcginning  of  the  week  to  30.07  inches 
liy  9  A  M  on  August  31,  decreased  to  3002  inches 
by  I  !■.  M.  on  the  same  day,  increased  to  30.15 
inches  by  9  A  .M.  on  the  1st,  decreased  to  29  61 
inches  by  i  p.m.  on  the  3d,  increased  to  29  68  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  4th,  decreased  to  29.57  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  Jth,  and  was  29.61  inches  by  the 
end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  ol  the  sea  was  29  85  inches,  being  0.C9 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.23  inch  below  the 
average  of  (he  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  71^.2,  on  the  3d,  on 
.■\ugust  30  the  highest  was  62°. 5.  The  mean  o(  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  66^.9. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  45°,  on  the  2d  ;  on 
the  3d  the  lowest  temperature  was  57°.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  49°.  i. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
22°. 5,  onthe  2d  ;  the  smallest    on  the  3d  was  I4°.2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  I7'.S. 

The  mean  temperatures  were  —  on  August  30th, 
S5°.5;  on  August  31st,  53°. 7  ;  on  September  1st, 
S5°'2  ;  on  the  2d,  55°.  7  ;  on  the  3d,  63°.  ;  on  the  4lh, 
,59'.6;  and  on  the  Slh,  58^.3  ;  of  these  the  3d  and 
4th  were  above  their  averages  by  3"  9  and  o'.S 
respectively  ;  the  rest  were  below  by  4". 5,  6°, i;  4*.2, 
3°.6  and  o".3  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the'  week  was  57*.  3, 
being  0°. 3  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  137°  on  August  30.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  114°. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  34",  on  September  I.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  readirigs  was  41°. 

j^ajM.— Rain  fell  on  three  days'  to  the  amount  of 
0.14  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end. 
ing  Septembe^  5  the  highest  temperatures  were  74°.  6 
at  Cambridge,  7i°.2at  Blackheath,  69°  at  Truro; 
the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  64°,  at  Bradford  64". 8, 
at  Presto.i  d^'.     The  general  mean  was  67^.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  36*  at  Hull,  39°  at 
Cambridge,  39°.  5  at  Bolton  ;  the  lowest  at  Liver- 
pool was  48°.4,  at  Truro  and  Plymouth  48°.  The 
general  mean  was  43°.  I; 


The  greatest  ranges  were  35°. 6  at  Cambride,  32° 
at  Hull,  28°  at  Sunderland  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
18"  at  Plymouth,  18^.6  at  Liverpool,  20°  at  Sheffield. 
The  general  mean  was  2.1'.  3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  67°. 2,  at  Blackheath  66". 9,  at 
Truro  65°.9;  and  was  lowest  at  Bradford,  59°. 7,  at 
Wolverhampton  and  Bolton  6o°.3.  The  general  mean 
was  62''.  5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  and  Plymouth,  53°,  at  Liverpool 
50°.4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Hull,  43°.9,  at  Sunderland 
45°. I,  at  Wolverhampton  45°.7.  The  general  mean 
was  48".  2. 

The  mean   daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge,  . 
19^.7,  at  Blackheath  17^.8,  at  Hull  I7°.7  ;  and    was 
least   at    Plymouth,    10°. S,    at     Liverpool    ii°,8,    at 
Preston  12^.  r.     The  general  mean  was  14'. 3. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  atTruro,  57". 9, 
at  Blackheath  57°.3,  at  Plymouth  56°.9  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Hull,  51°. 2,  at  Wolverhampton  and  Sunder- 
land 51^.5.     The  general  mean  was  S^'.g. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  2.10  inches  at 
Truro,  2.02  inches  at  Bolton,  1.65  inch  at  Plymouth  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.14  inch  at  Blackheath, 
0.15  inch  at  Sheflield,  0.32  inch  at  Hull.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.S7  ineh.  Rain  fell  on  every  day  in 
the  week  at  Truro, 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  5  the  highest  temperature  was  69° 
at  Edinburgh;  at  Aberdeen  the  highest,  temperature 
was  63°. 4.      The  general  mean  was  65°. 6. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was,  33°,  at 
Glasgow  and  -Perth  ;  at  Greenock  the  lowe.st  tem- 
perature was  42°.5.     The  general  mean  was  36^.2. 

The  mean  teniperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
55°.2  ;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  5l'.6.  The  general  mean 
was  5 3°. I. 

A'ain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.05  inch,  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  o.  1 1  inch,  at  Edinburgh. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.58  inch. 

lAMES  GLAISHER,   F.R.S. 


"  Ml'  tlmt  qntcstioneth  much  shall  ham  Jiiitch." — Bacon. 

Growth  of  Trees. — Has  it  ever  been  ascertained  at 
what  rate  a  given  point  near  the  base  of  a  tree  stem  will 
rise  in  proportion  to  the  height  the  tree  attains?  In 
other  words,  will  a  branch. situated,  say,  at  3  feel  from 
the  Kround,  ever  rise  above  that  level  in  the  case  of  a 
growing  tree?  And  if  so,  at  what  rate  in  proportion  to 
the  height  the  tree  attains?  A.  D.  W.  [It  may  appear 
to  rise  above  the  level  indicated  from  removal  of  soil  at 
the  base,  but  there  will  be  no  material  lengthening  of 
the  trunk  once  formed,  except  at  the  ends  o!  the 
shoots.  Ed.  I 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Anemones:  R.  W.  The  early  varieties  are  best  planted  ■ 
in  this  month  and  the  next,  and  late  sorts  in  March. 

Begonia  Blooms  :  B.  J.  Jarman.  We  have  not  seen 
any  precisely  similar.  If  you  sent  up  plants  in  flower, 
if  thought  worthy,  you  might  obtain  a  recognition 
from  the  Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society. — G.  H.  Vivid  in  colour,  and  novel  in  habit. 
Certainly  it  is  as  worthy  of  growing  as  some  others. 

Chrysanthemum  :  R.  H.  P.  A  hen-and-chicken 
variety,  the  pecularity  arising  from  the  production  of 
flowers-heads  \vhere  only  single  flowers  should  be. 

Encephalartos  vn.L0SUS  :  W.  L.  The  plant  will  be 
disfigured  for  a  few  years  by  your  allowing  it  to  ripen 
a  cone,  and  if  you  cut  the  fruit  away  before  it  has 
attained  full  dimensions  the  plant  would  be  benefited 
thereby. 

Erratum. — In  error,  in  our  report  of  the  Sandy  Horti- 
cultural Show,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  were 
credited  with  winning  the  ist  prize  for  forty-eight  cut 
Roses,  but  that  award  was  made  to  Mr.  J.  House, 
Eastgate  Nurseries,  Peterborough. 

Hermann  MirLLER  :  A.  D.  IV.  This 'naturalist  died 
some  few  years  ago.  His  brother,  Fritz  Miiller, 
resides  at  Santa  Catharina,  Brazil.  Baron  Sir  Fer- 
dinand von  Mueller's  address  is  Melbourne  ;  but  we 
imagine  from  your  query  that  he'  is  not  the  botanist 
you  mean. 

M.agnolias  :  E.  Thomas.  Your  flower  is  what  yon 
say.     It  is  not  anything  unusual  in  size. 

Names  OF  Plants  :  A.  W.  Rhus  Cotinus.— y.  i?.  W. 
Common  Balm  (Ocimum  basilicum,  so  far  as  we  can 
tell  from  your  scrap).  —  G.  S.  B. ,  Comde  Royal. 
Halesia,  or  Pterostyrax  hispida  {figured  in  Gardeners 
Chronicle.  August  9.  1884).  — F.  F.  Clethra  arborea. 
— y.  Crombie.  Eucomis  punctata,  a  greenhouse  bulb  ; 
Erica  arborea. — Roiuland  May.  Bocconnia  cordata. 
— Mr*  Corey.    Nephrodium  raoUec  orymbiferum.  The 


other  is  a  PleopeUis{Phymatodes  of  some,  Polypodium 
of  others),  but  I  not  distinctly  recognisable  without 
sori  ;  it  is  probably  one  oi  the  broader  forms  of 
P.  Billardieri. 
RowE  Orphan  Fund. — The  following  sum^  must  be 
added  to  the  list  of  subscriptions,  through  Mr.  George, 
Putney  :~Mr.  Tegg,  Bearwood,  51  ;  Mr.  Everson, 
Roehampton,  55,;  and  also  from  Mr.  OHerhead,  \os. 
This  makes  the  total  up  to  £iZ  31.  td.  sent  from  this 
olhce. 

Scarlet  Pelargonium- and  Variegated  Leaved 
Phlox  herbacea  ;  E.  Frampton.  The  first-named 
has  good  bold  pips,  and  a  rich  colour,  but  truss  seems 
wanting  in  size  and  globosity.  The  variegation  in  the 
second  is  novel,  and  might  be  turned  to  useful  account 
in  the  flower  garden  and  greenhouse. 

Stramonium,  Lobelia,  Belladonna,  and  Tinc- 
ture OF  Opium!!!  B.  A.  We  do  not  doubt  the 
excellence  of  your  motive,  nor  the  value  of  the  remedy 
under  proper  restrictions  and  careful  supervision,  but 
to  recommend  such  a  formula  for  use,  except  under 
the  carefully  trained  eye  of  a  medical  man,  is  to  run  a 
fearful  risk.  Of  course  the  plan  of  treatment  you 
mention  is  perfectly  well  known  to  the  profession,  but 
noone  would,  or  should,  use  it  in  the  reckless  way  you 
propose. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  shmld  be  addressed  to  the  Fublisher,  and  not 
to  the  Editor. 

1^*  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  thera  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Dm ry  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 

VVm.  Fell  &  Co.,   Hexham,  Northumberland— Dutch 

Flower  Roots. 
Thos.   Imrie  &  Sons,  Ayr — Dutch  Flower  Roots, 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent — Bulbs.  &c. 
Wood    &    Ingram,    Huntingdon — Bulbs    and    Alpine 

Plants, 
BARK.&  Son,  12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden— Bulbs 

and  Plants. 
HOOE'ER  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden— Bulb  Catalogue, 
E,  G.  Henderson  &  Son,  Maida  Vale,  London,  W. — 

Bulbs  and  Flower  Roots. 
T.  Kennedy  &  Co.,  Dumfries— Dutch  Flower  Root*!. 
Geo.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath— Dutch  Flower  Bulbf.  &c. 
J.     Slaymaker,    Covent   Garden — Dutch    and    other 

Bulbs. 


JOMMUNICATIONS    Re    EIVKU.- 

—  Hon.  E.  V.  B.— W.  Dance 
T.  Christy. "J.  H.— G,  S.  J 
W.  C.  Ondaalje.—B.  T.  L.- 
J  ,W.  Draper  &  Sons.— Sir  J. 
I'.  W.  U.-<juite  Com. 
Oiidualjc— A,  D.,  Lealhcrhcad. 


-  W.-  C.  M.  O,— Kevvciis:-;, 
W,  W,  — W.  P.— D.  C.  P.— 
nan.— W.  G.  S.— N.  K.  li,- 
K  E.— W.  C.-H.  Watney.^ 
,-J,  L.  M.-Sir  J.  D.  H  — 
Cassell  &  Co.- G.    D.  V.-Dr. 


COVENT    GARDEN,    September    10. 
Trade  quiet,  with  no  falling  off  in  suppUes.  Ja. 
Webber.   W/iolesale  Apple  lifarket. 

Fruit. — AvERAfiE  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  per  %-s 

ieve  10-30 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . . 

Damsons,  !4-sie 

e . .  3  0-  3  .6 

Pine-apples,  Eng.lb. 

—  St.  MicnaeI.each 

Grapes,  per  lb. 

. .  06-20 

Pears,  per  dozen      . . 

Kent  Filberts,  lo 

olb.25  0-28  0 

-perj^-sievc       .. 

Lemons,  per  cas 

:    ..IS  0-30  0 

Plums,  K  sieve       .. 

Melons,  each 

Vegetables. ^Average  Re 


s.d.  J 

Artichokes,  Globe, 
per  dozen  . ,    *     ..50- 

Aubergines,  each    ..04- 

Beans,  Eng.,  per  lb.  o  4-  . 

Beet,  per  dozen       . .   i  o-  . 

Bnissel  Sprouts,  lb.  o  6-  . 

Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  6-  ; 

Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  6- 

Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, per  dozen     ..  2  o-  ^ 

Celery,  per  l)undlc,. 


Cucumbers, 
Endive,  per  dozeii  .. 
Garlic,  per  lb. 
Herbs,  per  bunch    .. 
Horse  Radish,    bun. 

Potatos.— Magna 


o  6-  ] 


Cos,  doz.  ..  ..   ;: 

Mint,  gl-een,  bunch..  < 
Mushrooms,  basket  : 
Onions,  per  bushel. .  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  > 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .  1 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  dozen 
SmaU  salading,    per 

punnet       ..  ..   ( 

Spinach,  per  bushel  . 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  ( 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  i 
Veget.    Marrs,,  each  ■ 

,  yos.  to  100s.  ;  Regents 


Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices, 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Arbor-vitae  (golden), 
per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4.0-iz  o 
Bouvardia,  dozjn  ..  9  .0-18  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  .  .  .  .30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,     in  var.,  ; 

per  dozen  . ,  - .  6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,  in  var.,  ' 

\  er  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica,  each..  16-70 


Fuchsias,  per   dozen  : 
Lilium  auratum,  per 

dozen  ..  ..i: 

—  longifolium.  doz,  ( 
Marguerite       Dai;.y, 

MjTtles,  per  dozen. .    t 


348 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[September  12,  18 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Price 


Abutilon,  is  bunches  2  o-  4  < 
Asters,  1 2  bunches . .  2  o-  6  < 
Uouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6-  1  < 
Carnations,    per     12 
bunches    ..         ..    2  o-  4  ( 

—  12  blooms  . .  I  o-  3  < 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3  o-  6  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  30-51 
Lapageria,  white,  12 

blooms       . .  . .   2  o-  3  < 

—  red.  12  blooms  ..  i  o-  1  t 
Lavender,  12  buncli.  4  o-  6  t 


Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms.. 
Marguerites,  12  bun. 
Mignonette,   12  bun. 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Rhodanthe,  12  bun. 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. . 
TFOpaeolum,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms.. 


SEEDS. 

London:  Sep/.  9. —  A  fair  seasonable  amount  of 
activity  continues  to  characterise  the  trade  for  field  seeds. 
Of  new  home-grown  Trifolium  the  supply  appears  almost 
exhausted,  and  prices  consequently  still  tend  upward. 
There  is  no  change  in  Rape  seed.  The  crop  of  new 
English  white  iMusIard  seed  is  now  being  marketed. 
Winter  Tares  meet  a  quiet  sale  on  unaltered  terms. 
More  attention  has  lately  been  given  to  yearling  red 
Clover  seed.  Not  much  business  is  yet  passing  in  either 
Alsike.  white,  or  Trefoil.  Peas,  both  round  and  wrinkled, 
are  dearer.  For  bird  seecls  the  inquiry  is  small,  yohn 
Shaw  &*  Sons,  Seid  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane, 
London,  E.G. 

CORN. 

.^t  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  the  show  of  English  Wheat 
was  small,  but  no  advance  was  asked,  and  even  lower 
rates  were  not  in  all  cases  refused.  Foreign  met  a  little 
more  inquiry,  but  very  few  sales  were  made,  and  cer- 
tainly not  at  better  prices.  Flour  hung  on  hand.  Foreign 
grinding  Barley  of  good  quality  attracted  more  attention. 
For  prime  malting  Barley  40J.  was  paid.  Beans  and 
Peas  sold  slowly,  without  change  in  value.  American 
Oats  were  easier  at  15^.  9^/.  to  i6j. ,  and  the  trade  was  dull 
for  all  imports.  Maize  was  steady  in  value,  but  a  slow 
sale. — On  Wednesday  the  spot  market  was  exceedingly 
dull  for  Wheat,  but  the  business  transacted  was  barely 
sufficient  to  establish  any  quotable  change.  The  flour 
trade  remained  dull  and  adversely  influenced  by  the  flat- 
ness in  the  Wheat  market.  English  Barley  was  in 
larger  supply,  which  checked  demand  for  foreign.  Maize 
was  quiet  in  all  positions.  Very  little  was  done  in  Oats, 
and  rates  were  nominally  unaltered.  .Average  prices  of 
corn  for  the  week  ending  Sept.  5  : — Wheat,  32J.  4*/.  ; 
Barley,  30J.  71/.  ;  Oats,  20J.  For  the  corresponding  week 
last  year  : — Wheat,  341.  31/.  ;  Barley,  321.  31/.  ;  Oats,  2or. 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  the  demand  for 
beasts  was  checked  by  increased  dulness  in  the  dead 
meat  trade,  prices  being  depressed  id.  per  8  lb.  for  best 
cattle,  and  more  on  the  plainer  kinds.  Nor  could  a 
clearance  be  made.  Of  sheep  and  lambs  the  numbers 
were  still  further  moderated,  and  this  assisted  price=, 
which  were  about  supported,  though  the  trade  was 
sluggish.  1  he  calves  were  neariy  all  rough  Irish.  No 
change  was  reported  in  the  pig  trade.  Quotations  :— 
Beasts,  y.  lod.  to  4J.  bd. ,  and  41.  8,/.  to  y.  41/. ;  calves, 
y.  to 41.  lod.;  sheep,  41.  to  4J.  61/.,  and  4J.  lOi^.  to  5J.  6rf. ; 
pigs,  31.  io</.  to  41.  41/.— On  Thursday  beasts  sold  very 
slowly,  and  less  money  than  on  Monday  had  to  be 
accepted.  A  moderate  supply  of  sheep  offered.  Busi- 
ness was  quiet,  but  prices  were  steady.  Calves  and 
pigs  were  dull. 

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  trade 
Was  dull,  with  moderate  supplies,  in  consequence  of  the 
wet  weather.  Quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  8oi.  to  iioi. ; 
prime  second  cut,  85^.  to  1071.;  inferior,  6cu.  to  751.; 
new  Clover,  ios.  to94J. ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  951.;  inlerior, 
36J.  to  6oi. ;  new  hay,  655.  to  841. ;  and  straw,  28J.  to 
39i.  per  load.— On  Thursday  there  was  a  moderate 
supply  on  sale.  The  trade  was  dull  at  Monday's  prices. 
Cumberiand  Market  quotations  :— Clover,  best,  90J.  to 
looj. ;  inferior,  60/.  to  80J. :  hay,  best,  Sos.  to  92J. ; 
inferior,  50J.  to  70/. ;  and  straw,  301.  to  361.  per  load. 


POTATOS. 


The  Borough  Market  report  states  that  best  samples 
uphold  value  lairiy,  but  the  general  trade  is  dull  and  the 
tone  depressed  Quotations  :— Regents.  8or.  to  901.; 
Magnum  Bonums,  80J.  to  90J. ;  Early  Roses,  701.  to  8oj. ; 
Shaws,  80J.  to  90.1.;  kidneys.  1005.  to  1105. ;  Hebrons, 
icoi.  to  I2SJ.  per  ton.— Imports  into  London  last  week  : 
5756  from  bags  from  Hamburg,  300  Stettin,  42  Roscoff, 
aid  457  bags  144  sacks  from  Boulogne. 


COALS. 


The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  :— East  Wylam,  15^.  6d. ;  Walls  End— Tyne 
(unscreened),  10.  3</.:  Hetton,  171.;  Hetton  Lyons,  ijj.; 
Lambton,  ijs.  ;  Wear,  15J. ;  Tees,  17J.  ;  Dowlais  Mer- 
thyr,  i6j.  6d, 

Government  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  99}  to  100  for  delivery,  and  ggi-g  to 
ioOt's  fof  "16  account.  Thursday's  final  quotations 
were  100  to   ioo\  for  delivery,  and  loOjV  to  looj'j  for 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   W'liile  and  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Christmas  and  Easter 

Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Earliest  Wnite  Roman  HYACINTHS. 

Per  100,  151.  ;  per  dozen,  2^.  ^d. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  Hi.  dd.  :  per  drzen,  ij.  'vi. 

CARTERS'  Paper-White  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  115.  kd.  ;  per  dozen,  \s.  gd. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  100   55.  td  :  per  dczen,  icd. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  no,  31.  6d. 

CARTERS'  Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 

Per  100,  30J.  ;  per  dozen,  4J.  6d. 

All  Parcels  Packing  and  Carriage  Free. 


/'BARTERS'       COLLECTIONS, 

\J  SELECTED  FROM  THE  ABOVE  BULBS.- 
A,  price  5^.  ;  B .  pi  ice  7 J.  6rf. ;  C,  price  16.*.  All  for  Aatded, 
packuig  Iree,  per  Parcels'  Post. 

FOR    Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUE    of     BULBS, 
ROSES,  &c  ,  g'atis  and  post-free. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 
Warrant  to 
'  _    •     / „'y^    A     His  Royal  Highness  the 

ayi-'xxyt/fj      prince  of  wales. 

High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


STRAWS  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

StroDE  Roots,  ^s.  per  loo.  Plants  in  small  pots,  i6i  per  ico  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  -iis.  per  loo.     Descriptive  LIST  liee. 

RICHAKD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 


AFRICAN  TUBEROSES 


WM,    RISLEY,  Maritzburg,    Natal 

(the  Original  Grower), 

ConsignmcLts  of  these  beautiful  Bulbs  have  already 
been  landed,  and  are  now  offered  at  very  low  quota- 
tions. They  are  fir  away  superior  in  every  respect  to 
any  hitherto  imported,  and  they  have  never  opened  up 
in  such  exceptionally  fresh  and  healthy  condition.  ' 

The  undersigned  is  prepared  tn  show  samples  at  his 
cfiice,  or  to  give  fuU  facilities  for  inspection  of  bulk, 
and  to  receive  orders  Intecding  buyers  are  advised  to 
make  an  eaily  application,  as  the  supply  is  limited. 

Terms— Casli  In  exchange  for  Delivery  Order. 


Wm.  g.  MACGREGOR, 

LANGBOURN  CHAMBERS, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 


SUPERB    QUALITY.         \ 

Italic  tJifl:  of  i)oHanIi 

Prices  very  moderate.        E 

ffrce  H)eliveries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE! 

( lilustraled  ).  | 

Sltliiiblc  niuiniia.  Address  in  full— 

P.^^.DlGI^SON^SONS,| 
Tlbe  Queen's  Sce&i3men,    ^  [ 

GHESTEI^.    I 


Bermuda  Easter  Uly. 

LILIUM  HARRISII.— This  Lily,  coming 
direct  from  Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
variety  generally  sent  from  Americi  under  the  above  name,  to 
which  it  IS  much  superior,  and  different  in  bulb,  growth,  and 

Mr.  William  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  impor- 
tation direct  from  Bermuda,  and  can  supply  good  bulbs  at  2J.  i>d, 
and  31.  td.  each  :  gigantic  bulbs,  5^.  and  7J  td.  each  ;  a  few 
monster  bulbs,  i  foot  in  circumference,  los.  kd.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM.— Mr.  William  Blll  is  now  booking 
orders  for  good  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6f.,  gi.,  12J.,  18.1.,  and 
■2i,s.  per  dczen.     All  other  good  Lilies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer   to 

•     the  7  rade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  Etown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACRIS, 

solanums,  genistas,  cyclamen,  bouvardia;-, 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, stephanotis.  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  vines  in  Pots,  &c.     An  inspection  is  invited. 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
The    ANNUAL    SALE    by  AUCTION   will  be  held    on 
TUESDAY,  September  15. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 
DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  I.mporter  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-tree  on 
atplication.  An  immense  stock  o(  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

ERMAN      BUDDENBORG,      BuLB 

Gkhwer.  Hillegom.  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDBKBOKG  Bros.),  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  :  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patrosage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  manv  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

* '  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season. "      ' '  Certi- 
ficated unanimously. " 

{See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Now  being  sent  end  at  js.  6d.   and  lor.  6/.  each. 
Cask  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Musbroom  Spawn 

per  bushel  of  14  cakes  51. 
Per  cake,  hd.  ;  per  cake,  Iree  by 


Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries, 

Upper  Hollowav.  London,  N. 


FLOWERING  PLANTS 

For   ATJTtXMN    and    "WINTER. 

STRONG,  HEALTHY,  and  FULL  of  BLOOM. 


Acacias,  iSi.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 

Azalea  Indica,  i8i.  to  6cj.  per  dozen. 

Bouvardlas,  dislinct,  Singles  and  Doubles,  155.  per  dozen. 

Camellias,  yji.  to  6oJ,  per  dozen. 

Cyclamen    perslCUm  (Smith's  superb  strain),  fu'l  of  buds, 

5-inch  pots,  iSj.  pet  dozen. 
CytiBUS,  iw.  to  i8j.  per  dozen. 
EpacriS,  best  sorts,  iSj.  to  305.  per  dozen. 

Ericas,    hyemalis,    WiUmoreana,    caffra,    gracilis, 

autunmalls,  &C  ,  6  icch  pots,  \Zs.  to  301   per  dozen. 
Gardenias,  i6.t.  to  305.  per  dozen. 

Lapageria  alba,  7^-  ^d'<-^  4"-  "ch. 
Lapageria  rosea,  21.  ^d.  to  55.  each. 
Llbonla  penrhoslana,  i^r.  to  i8j,  ppr  dozen. 

PimeleaS,  vr^ry  tine.  3C5.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  best  Doubles,  named,  30J.  to  ^is.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  Double  Whue  and  Ptirple.  18^.  per  dozen. 

Tree  Carnations,  5  inch  pots,  245.  to  301.  per  dozen. 


Orange,  sinensis  (in  fruit),  is.  6d.  each. 

Greenhouse  Climbers,  in  variety,  iZs.  to  30J  per  dozen. 
Grevillea  robusta.  5-inch  pots,  12s.  to  i?.s.  per  dozen. 
Ferns,  Maldenliair,  &C.,  in  great  variety  ;  also 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS. 

DESCRIPTIl'E'  LIST    FREE. 

Selections  from  above  may  be  made  at  dozen  prices. 

The  plants  are  remarkably  fine  and  cheap. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


September  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


349 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  pricfe,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


TO     THE     TRADE.  —  Young     FOREST 
TREES.— Tme,  native  i-year,  and  i-year  transplanted 
LARCH  ;    I-year  and  i-year  transplanted  SCOTCH  ;    2-year 
SCOTCH  and  SPRUCE  Seedlings;  i-year  BIRCH,  ALDER, 
BEECH,  Silver  FIR  Seedlings.     Prices,  &c.,  on  application  to 
PETER  BLAKE,    Nurseryman,  Summer  Hill,  Co.  Mealh, 


To  tlie  Trade. 

HCOLLYER,  147,  Camden  Road,  Tun- 
•  bridge  Wells  (late  Propagator  tor  T.  Cripps  &  Son), 
can  now  offer  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  and  LANUGI- 
NOSA CANDIDA,  strong  plants,  8j.  per  dozen,  501.  per  100  ; 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII  (true),  6s.  per  dozen. 

N"  E\V  STRAWBERRIES,  "  LAXTON'S 
KING  of  the  EARLIES."  and  "THE  CAPTAIN." 
Orders  for  these  remarkable  New  Strawberries,  which  are  again 
being  largely  taken  up  by  Market  and  Private  Growers,  should 
be  sent  at  once,  and  will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation,  as  the 
continued  drought  will  materially  limit  the  supply.  Particulars 
with  prices  fron 


T.  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Gn 


Bedford. 


"  Irradiating  the  Present.  Restoring  the  Past." 

A  COMPLETE  and  ORIGINAL  "  LITTLE 
BOOK  "  of  DAFFODILS,  in  its  revised  form,  for  1SS5. 
Price  \!..fi>it-free.  There  are  numerous  original  Illustration-. 
and  the  Daffodils  are  the  best  ripened  Bulbs  to  be  got,  Iieland 
being  so  geiiiai  to  their  cultivation.  Over  130  so-ts  to  select 
from.  Early  planting  and  eaily  ripen'ng  of  Bulbs  should  give 
giand  results      Advanlagei  offered  _by_no  other   Hou'e  in  the 


The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificale,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  18S3. 
Strong  Canes,  jCi  per  100;  91.  per  dozen.- 

Usual  allowance   to  Trade,  5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.     Orders  are  now  being  boolted. 

A.  FAULKNOR,  Inkpen,  Hungerford 

UTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6s.  per  bushel 
(15.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d.  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  ?nd  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 

TWO    HUNDRED    THOUSAND    ROSA 
CANIN  A,  I  and  2-ye.ar  seedlings,  and  2-years  transplanted 
ones  can  be  cheaply  bought.     Eor  full  particulars  and  samples, 

W.  R.,  20,  Norcott  Road,  Stoke  Newiugton.  N. 


Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Lunited).  Edinburgh,  have  \o  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supeiior  quallly.  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
applii 


AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  ; 
11  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 


The 


preparatic 


The  Rose  and  Palm  Nursery, 

Gentbrugge,  near  Ghent.  Belgium.     The  Owner, 

OCTAVE     BURVENICH-DE     WINNE, 
begs  to  offer  his  splendid  and  renowned  stock  of  50,000 
AZALEA  MOLLIS-tobe  seen  every  day  in  his  place  :— 
Nice  bushy  stuff,  showing  from  20  to  30  buds,  per  100  £i    o 

',',                ,"            7  10  12       ,'.         ,','             I  15 
General  BELGIAN  STOCK,  at  most  moderate  prices. 
5000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  GRACILLIMUM, 
LOMARIA  ZAMI.1-;F0LIA,  at  12s.  per  100. 

Strawberry  Plants. 

STRAWBERRY    PLANTS.— Warranted  all 
from  Fruiting  Plants,  and  will  produce  a  large  crop  of  fine 
fruit  next  year  : — 
IMPROVED    BLACK    PRINCE,    ALPHA,   CRIMSON 
PINE    EXQUISITE,   TRIOMPHE  DE  PARIS,  VICOM- 
TESSE  HEKICARTDETHURY.   KEENS'  SEEDLING, 
and  other  really  fine  varieties,  31.  per  loo,  carriage  free. 

LAXTON'S  GRAND  NEW  STRAWBERRY,  KING  OF 
THE  EARLIES,  Fruiting  Plants,  2s.  per  dozen,  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Klonst,  Prospect  House,  Helper, 
Derbyshire. 

Ferns.— Fems.-FernB. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A  DECORUM,  A.  STRICTUM,  LOMARIA  GIBBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGXTA,  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  2ot.  per  100,  jCg  per  1000. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 

AOIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  4^  and  5-inch 
pots,  401.  and  505.  per  100. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


FOR  SALE,  12,000  MAIDENHAIR 
FERNS,  from  boxes,  good  Plants,  at  51.  per  100; 
FFRNS  in  8  varieties,  in  pots,  at  jos.  per  too,  or  2s.  per  dozSn, 
sent  by  post  or  otherwise, 

Post-office  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWIN,  Edith  Nursery.  Burchall  Road.  Leyton. 

MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed.  45.  6d.  per  bushel  (t6  cakes),  6d.  per  bushel  package  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcels  post,  is.  ^d.     Trade  supplied 

"mORLE  and  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W.: 
and  I  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E  C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel :  100  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  a 


1'    40J.  :  4-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  (>d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  2SJ.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  23J.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  11.  9a'.  per  bushel;  15s.  per  half 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4*1^.  each. 

■YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Ss.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUS«iIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

12-02.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
StovePlants,&c.,i;6  6s.perTruck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for -Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  isr. 
per  ton  per  Truck,  Sample  Bag.  55.  ;  s  Bags,  22s.  bd.  ;  ro  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  roi.  bd.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  525.  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famborough  Station,  Hants. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prl'e  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  Ln  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .   41.  bd.  per  sack  :  5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..    is.  bd.  „  5  sacks  for  15J. 

PEAT,  e.\ua  selected  Orchid    51.  dd. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "k 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  I       ^er  bush  fsacks  included) 

LEAF  MOU  LD,  best  only  . .     (  '^'  P"  '"^''-  '"'=''*  included). 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  ^d.  per  bush.,  12s.  half  ton,  22s. ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     Sa".  lb.,  28  lb.  j8s, 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Speciality)    8^.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack..     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 
30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL.  LONDON,  E. 

PEAT,  SAND,  MOULD,  &c.— Coarse  and 
SILVER  SAND.  Best  Fibrous  PEAT,  Leaf  MOULD, 
Peat  MOULD,  LOAM,  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE,  &c.,  of  best 
quality  only.     Send  for   Samples  and  Prices,  gratis  and  post- 
Iree.     Special  terms  to  the  Trade  and  Gentlemen's  Gardeners. 
BRINK  WORTH  and  SONS.  Reading. 

A      GREAT      STTCCESS. 
JEYES' 

"GARDENER'S    FRIEND," 

One  Gallon  of  this  Fluid,  diluted  with  water  accordirg  to 
directions,  and  applied  with  an  ordinary  watering-can. 

Effectually  Removes  all  Weeds,  Moss,  Worms,  and 
Insects  on  Gravel  Walks,  Lawns,  &c. 

Price.  31  bd.  per  Gallon,  including  drum  ;  40-gallon  Casks, 


ii 


Car 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859.  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  rs.,  3s.,  and  los.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  is,,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

OBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 

most   effective,   14  lb.  for  gs.  ;    28  lb.,    i8s.  :    cwt.  70s. 
Special  quotations  for  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Reodlesham  Road,  Clapton,  E. 


SILVER  SAND,  excellpnt  coarse,  yj. 
per  ton.  PEAT,  excellent  quality,  6s.,  8s.  and  los.  per  cubic 
yard.'  LOAM,  excellent  quality,  8s.  per  cubic  yard.  By. 
truckloads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  moderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horticuhural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 

Raffla  Fibre. 

JBLACKBURNE  and  SONS  have  a  large 
•     Stock,  and  are  offering  at  reduced  price:.     Samples  and 
particuUrs  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  E  C. 

RAFFIA,   RAFFIA.— A^pecial  Parcel,   of 
good   quality,    in    small    b.iles,    consigned   to    us    from 
Madagascar,  to  be  SolJ  at  once. — Apply  to  the  Importers, 
MARENDaZ  AND  FISHER,  James  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
ycais  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAr  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 

4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

OHN      KENNARD'S      Horticultural 

SuNDRiBs,   Peat,    Loam,    Sand,   and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 

CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES. 

15.003  OF  THE  Nobility,  Gentrv,  and  Clergv. 
Is  extensively  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimotnuls,  Past-fret. 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SALVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 
LONDTJN.  E.C.  ; 
21  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK,  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cash. 

Roster's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in    mateilals    of    great     durability.      The 
plainer    sorts  are   specially 
suited   for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ■ 
GARDENS,   as    they  har- 
bour   no    Slugs  or  Insects, 
take,  up  little    room,   and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  and  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "  ACME  '"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

illustrated  Price  LISTS  Fiec  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors^  BalconieF,  &c., 
froin  31.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITK    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &;c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tries 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &C. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO,,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered,  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rales  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 
N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 

Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c., 

at  extrentely  moderate  prices. 
Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 

A13ARGAIN.— A  very  powerful  SADDLE- 
BACK    BOILER,    been    used    two  years,    with  about 
100  feet  of  piping,  taps.  &c.,  length  3  ffeet  by  2  feet  i  inch  wide, 
depth  2  feet.     Must  be  sold  ;  will  take  less  than  half  the  cost. 
Apply  to  E.  T.  ATHERTON.  High  Street,  Chatteris. 

C.  G.  FRAZER  k  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


SPAN  ROOF  GREENHOUSES  made  m  Lights  glazed 
with  21-OZ.  glass,  and  pamted  three  coats  of  good  oil  colour. 
Tenants'  Fixtures.  12  by  8  feet.  £.2^  19J.  For  Brickwork, 
£,\t  171.  Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England 
and  Wales,  also  to  Edinburgh.  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 
Illustrated  Catalogues,  post-free  two  penny  stamps. 


350 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  1885. 


BUY    ONLY    ENGLTSH    WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW     I'ATENT    (No.    465S) 
•■  LUDuATE"  WATCH,  has   obtained  the   Highest 

Award  of  a  Gold  Medal  at  ihe  Inventions  Exhibition  ,1885 


£5  5s. 


£12  12s. 


The  "Ludgate  Watch     is  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  niv  tiest  London  nijke.  wiih 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

ye^ve/lc.i  throtii^ln'ut  in  rij'ics  -  true  Chtottometer  balance — 
adjusted  for  extremes  with  daitif  Mid  duit-prooj  patent 
ring-band,  and  extended  barrel—masstve  sterling  silver  dome 
cases  -with  Crystal  glass  front,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
Winds,  set  liands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the  "Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swiss  and  American  (made 

ia  Imitation  of  and  sold  as  English)  and  to  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  the  great  defects 
of  which  the  ■'  Ludgate  "  is  exempt— is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MED  AL— //><•  only  one  adjudged  to  Enshsk  Watches. 

The  '  Ludgate"  is  of  hettrr  quality  and  vane  than  any 
/to  -watch  hitherto  made.  The  "  Ludgate  "  is  my  beil  London 
make—strong,  liandsottie,  and  reliable—lvill  stand  the  hardest 
7uear  and  roughest  usage,  and  is  tliere/ore  the  best  watch  for 
Home  fnaian  and  Colonial  wear  by  Gardeners  (So.  i,  large 
size),  Workmen,  and  Artisans  (No  2,  as  sketch).  Gentlemen, 
Omceis  and  Men  in  H.M.  sendees,  Youths'  and  Soys'  (No.  3. 
small),  will  he  sent, free  and  sa/e  at  my  ri,h,  to  alt  farts  0/ the 
loorld.  tor  £5  6s.,  or  tn  18-carat  gOla,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size). 

A  remittance  by  P.O  O.    Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J-  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  ThieeQuaiter  Plate  English  Watch  forj65  5J  in  Silver, 
or  £ia  -LIS.  in  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  infringe  ment  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceedtd  against.  An  Illustrated  ard  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Kull-plate 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.     W.     BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  M.gesty  the  yueen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64.  Ludgate  Hill,  E  C.  : 

And  26,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.,  London. 

Consequent  upon  the  award  of  the  GuLU  Meual.  the  demand, 
always  6telt,  has  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extenM»e 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  CrOerS  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  ^£2  to  .£500,  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes    free  on  applicatiori 


3  feet  boxes, 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  too 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar    cmrent   sizes   of   16-OZ.    glass  m 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smithfleld,  London,  EC. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  apflicalwn.     Quote  Chronicle. 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  (Jueen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preservine  Ironwo.k.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


The  Gardeners  Magasine  says :— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit.'' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

105,000  Accidents, 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

EAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company.  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds,  ^^260.000  ;  Premium  Income,  ij235.ooo. 
Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross  ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  work  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advenisers  and 
Its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  ur  principled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  niiving 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  ard  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  from  whom  the  most 
llattenng  testimonials  have  been  received 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each. 
.  %d.  per  gallon 


Testimonial. 

••  Piercefield  Park,  Jwu  2r,  1S76.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.-l  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  " 

CyJi/r/OiV.-HiLLS:  S»! 
Customers  against  the  varii: 
advertised 

H.  &  S.  's  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  ihe  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  : 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entiaiice  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Bricrley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


SPECIALLY    CHEAP   GLASS. 

Packini^  Cases  free  and  not  returnable. 
100  squares  Glass  at  the  following  Prices  In  Leeds  :— 

15  oz,  ^i-oz  3,0  squares  15  oz.,  S  by  6. 

i3lby  8  for  lur.  od.  for  14J  od. 


2      10 

„    tiJ 

vl. 

,.    131 

id. 

fd. 

..    "3* 

td. 

4    >.  " 

„    r8l 

erf. 
od. 

20    ,,12 

,.    24J 

ad. 

All  GL 

ss  packed  in 

Intendm 

g  purch 

asers 

or  250  squares,  8i  by  (li, 
2io  squares,  9^  by  t\. 
170  squares.  9  by  7,^ 
squares,  10  by  8,  for 

Patty,  \d.  per  \%.  :  Pain 
ready  mixed,  in  i  lb.,  2  lb 
4  lb.,  and  7  lb.  tins,  at  5' 
per  lb.  Other  sizes  of  Gla; 
quoted  for  on  application. 

ivn  Warehou!.e,  seldom  any  breakage. 

11  oblige  by  making  their  Frames  to  su 

the  abv^ve  sizes. 

HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

Wholesale  Glass  Warehouse, 
.,  ALFRED  STREET,  BOAR  LANE,  LEEDS. 


id. 


ELEVEN  SILVER 


MEDALS. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
WESTON-SUPER-MARE.  Manufacturer  ol  TERRA- 
COTTA VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS. 
BORDER  TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  r  to  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  frost,  and  seldom  l.irn 
green-  ORCHID  FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS 
RHUBARB  and  SEAKALE  POTS,  S:c. 

Price  LIST  post-free.     Book  of  Designs,  ss.  id. 


SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 


BOULTON    &    PAUL, 

NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL      BUILDERS      AND 
HEATING  ENGINEERS 


This  Varnish  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
covering  which  can  be  used  lor  all  outdoor 
purposes,  and  has  many  advantages  over 
oil  paint.  It  is  applied  cold,  and  may  be 
laid  on  by  any  farm  labourer  or  other  un- 
skilled person.  It  dries  quickly,  giving  a 
hard,  brilliant  polish,   and  looks  equally  as 

ell  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  the  cost. 

PRICE  in  Casks,  containing  not  less  than 
9  gallons,    delivered   free  at    most    raiUvay 
stations  ;  —  Best    prepared   Jet   or    Black, 
IS,  6d.   per  gallon. 
Cata.  .gues  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing.  Gates, 
P.iultry  Fencing,  &c  .  free  on  application. 

BAYLISS,    JONES,   &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  EC. 


NETTING. 


G-ABDEN 

S.      A.      SANDS 

(Successor  to  J.  W.  Havthorn), 

Manufacturer  of  Hexagon  and  Chiswick 

GARDEN    NETS. 

Warranted  to  Protect  Bloom  from  Frost,  Winds,  Hail,  and 
Fruit  from  Birds.  Wasps.  &c. 

Pattern  and  Prices  Free  per  Post. 

Address^^sT^ATSANDS, 

20,  CLUMBER  STREET,  NOTTINGHAM. 


VILLA     GREENHOUSES 
Good  workmanship  and  lowest  prices  in  the 
Kingdom.      With  all  the  latest  improvements, 
best   materials,   ventilation    without    draughts, 
and  perfect  glazing. 


Estimates  and  Lists  post-free. 

Gentlemen  \vaited  upon  in  every  part  of  the 
kingdom.  References  to  every  county  in 
England.  Sur%-eys  made.  Plans  and  Estimates 
prepared  for  any  description  of  Horticultural 
Buildings.  Hothouses  of  any  design  estimated 
for,  and  built  of  the  best  material  and  workman- 
ship, with  strict  regard  to  economy  in  price. 

New  CATALOGUES,  Post-free,  12  stamps. 

WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER,  where 
three  are  kept.  Only  those  wha  have  Grown  Pines 
need  apply.— State  age,  wages,  and  last  situation  to  C.  25,  C.' 
Birchall.  Advertising  Agent,  Liverpool. 

ANTED,  a  HEAD   WORKING   GAR- 

DENER  (married)  for  General  Work.  Four  kept. 
Must  be  a  thoroughly  experienced  Florist  and  Vegetable 
Grower,' and  understand  Greenhouse  and- Vines.  Wages  ;652 
par  annum  with  a  rise  to  /60  Cottage  and  vegetables.— 
MANAGKR,  Royal  Bath  Hotel,  Bournemouth,  Hants. 

ANTED,  as  HEAd"wORKING  GAR- 
DENER, in  a  Gentleman's  establishment,  where  three 
more  are  kept,  a  man  who  is  well  experienced  in  ihe  Culture  of 
all  ordinary  Flowers,  both  indoors  and  out.  and  particularly  tjf 
Roses.— Apply,  by  letter,  giving  details  of  previous  service  and 
of  the  experience  the  applicant  may  have  had,  to  J.  P.  W., 
Bashing  Park,  God.ahning^ 

ANTED,  a  SINGLE-HANDED  GAR- 
DENER, near  Reohll.  Entire  charge,  with  care  of 
pony.  &c.  Must  have  a  go.d  general  knowledge  of  Kitchrn 
Gatdeningand  Fiiiit  Trees  :  also  Greenhouse  and  Conservalorj'. 
Married  man,  without  children,  preferred.  Must  be  steady  and 
willing  to  be  generally  useful.  Nice  four-roomed  cottage  in 
premises.— Apply.  witH  le'erences,  stating  age  and  wages,  to 
H.,  17,  Morden  Koad.  Bla;kheath  Park,  S  E. 


w 


w 


ANTED,  a  single  young  man.as  thoroughly 

d  GARDENER.  Willing  to  drive  and  lock 
after  one  horse.  Boird  and  Iidging  in  the  house.  Wages  ^40. 
—Mrs.  y.,  Wtstfleld,  Lutle  bhelford,  Cimbridge.  

WANTED,  for  a  large  Provincial  Nursery, 
a  thoroughly  qualified  MANAGER,  who  can  take  a 
journey  if  required.— Apply  by  letter,  enclosing  copies  of  t 


Chr 


addressed,    NURSERY     MANAGER.    Gardeners' 
tide  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


Nursery  Foreman. 

WANTED,  an  experienced,  practical, 
energetic  MAN  to  Manage  a  Scotch  Nursery  of  about 
joactes.-State  experience,  age.  and  wages  expected,  to  N.F., 
Gardeturs' Chronicle OSicc.  ji.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.L. 

WANTED,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden,  a 
YOUNO  MAN.  who  is  thoroughly  prohcient  in  the 
Growing.  Forcin;:,  and  General  Management  of  Roses,  to  take 
charge  of  several  Glasshouses  devoted  to  the  Culture  of  Roses, 
and  a  large  stcck  of  Roses  out-o'-duors.  —  Apply,  by  letter, 
stating  qualifications  and  details  of  experience,  to  A.  Z.,  Mount 
Street,  Grosvenor  Square,  W 


Nursery. 

WANTED,  a  thorough  OUTDOOR  MAN. 
Must  be  a  good  Rose  Budder,  and  understand  Growing 
Hardy  Flowers,  Vegetables,  &c  ,  for  Trade.  Good  references 
required  —X.  Y.  Z.,  Roberts'  Library,  Lower  Grosvenor  Place, 
London,  S  W. 

WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  a  respectable 
young  MAN,  well  up  in  Making  Wreaths,  Crosses, 
Bouquets,  Sprays,  &c.,  to  Manage  Florist's  Department  in  a 
Florist's  and  Fruiterer's.  Must  be  obliging  and  energetic. 
Would  have  to  Buy  and  Wait  upon  Customers.-Slate  full  par- 
ticulars, ref-rence.  experience,  salary,  &c.,  to  W  PLANT, 
Florist  and  Fruiterer,  srg.  Hornsey  Rise,  London,  N. 

ANTED,   an  APPRENTICE   to  the 

SEED  TRADE.  —  A  House  in  one  of  the  largest 
towns  in  the  Midland  Counties,  doing  both  a  Retail  and 
Wholesale   Trade,    has  an    opening    for    an   Appientic^.      ~'^ 


Wellington  1 


■d  —X.  Y.  Z.,  Gardener^  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
:t.  Strand.  W  C. 


Septemeek  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


351 


\A/ANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS  — To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
.  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY-  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number vf  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.R. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 
To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

SLEVVAUDS,    BAILIFFS,  cr  CARUFNEKS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
limes  upon  their  Register  re  ijble  and  competent  MEN, 
several  ol  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S,  High  Holborn.  W,C. 


TO  LANDED  PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
MclNTVEB  (late  of  Victorui  P.itk)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  I  Imlins  of  New  Girden  and  Patk 
Grounds,  and  Remodtlhng  existing  Gardens.  Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  I'ark,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Baillfi's,  and  Foresters. 
TAMES   DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton" 

O  Nurseries.  Chester.  ate  aliv..)s  m  a  positicn  to 
RFCOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respsciabiluy  and 
thoroughly  praciical  at  ihsir  business. — Full  particulars,  wuh 
names  of  previous  employers.  &c  ,  on  applic.ition. 

1  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     C~0. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situation?,  and  hit 
they  HiII  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
pailiculars,  &c— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

iJ  "C  CTY  C"~H         G  A  R  D  E  N  E  r'^s". 

O  —John  Dowme,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  pieseit  on  his  list  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
•  GARDENERS,  waiiiig  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
lupply  full  p->rticulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  triist worthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

/  Ji  ARDENER  (Head).— Wanted  by  an  ex- 

\-^  pcrienced  young  man  a  re-engagement  as  above  Ex- 
celknt  reerences.-GLO.  PARR,  Fenagh  House,  Bagnaliis- 
town,  Irelind. 

/'.^ARDENER  (HEAD).— Age  38,  married,  no 

V^  family  ;  ihoroughly  pracucal  in  every  brauch.  Excellent 
cSaracier.  G.  MORRISb,  The  Gardens,  Coisinglon,  near 
Bridgewater,  Somerset. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  33,  married; 
ihofough  knowledge  of  his  busino^  in  an  deparimei.ts  ol 
an  extensive  place.  Threeyears' excellent  character.— SAVILLE 
PEN  TON,  Andover. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Could  take  the 
Management  and  Lay-out  a  New  Estate.  A  laste  {:.! 
and  some  years*  experience  in  this  branch  ol  Hort.cuhuie. 
Could  Plan  and  Estimate.  Gcod  knowledge  of  Trees,  Shrubs, 
&c— A.  B.,  ^3,  Walford  Road.  Sioke  Newington,  N.  _ 

/"TLARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  35,  married.— 

V-<  a.  Pettjckkw.  Gardener,  Cardiff  Casile,  wishes  to 
recommend  a  Ihijroughly  practical  man  in  all  branches  ol  Gar- 
dening ;  understands  the  Management  of  Land  and  Stock.— 
For  lurther  particulars  address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married; 
Holder  of  First-class  Certificates  for  F.oricullure  and 
Fruit  and  Vegetable  Culture.  Thoiough  knowledge  of  his  pio- 
fession,  including  Orchids  and  Pines,  and  the  Management  of  a 
large  establishment.-X.  Y.,  W.  Pyman,  Floiist,  Maldon. 

ARDENER  (HEAD)— Good  experience  in 

'of   the  profession.  Eleven  years'  ch;ir.icttr 
nation.  —  Address,     with     full     paiticulars, 


G 


THOMAS  WORSFkLD,  The 


alow.  Ho 


GARDENER  (HpAD).  —  A.  '  GENTLEMAN 
strongly  recommends  his  Head  Gardener,  through  havuig 
sold  his  establishment,  who  is  a  thorough  exptrienced  man  in 
all  branches.  Has  lived  with  him  fifteen  years.- R.  H.,The 
Shrubbery,  Aigburth  Road.  Liverpool. 

C "J. ARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  no  enc&mb- 
^  ranee  ;  thoroughly  praaical  in  tai^y  aid  Late  Forcing 
of  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  Orchin  ilove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  Ferns,  and  Flower  and  Kilchen  Gardening. 
Thirteen  years  in  present  situation.  Satisfactory  reasons  lor 
leaving  —Address,  in  first  instance,  R.  LEIGH,  Land  Stewaid 
to  Lady  Oglander.  Beaminstet,  Dorset. 

:;.ARUENER    (Head    Working),     where 

.^  ihcee  or  more  are  kept.— Age  31,  single;  can  be  wtll 
recommended.— G.  TURNER,  2,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Bridge 
Read,  Redhill.  Surrey. 

(^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 

V-^  iio  encumbrance.  Twenty-five  years'  ihorough  experi- 
ence in  Gardening  in  all  branches,  also  Meadow  Land  and 
Stock.  Good  character.-G.  JONES.  The  Elms,  Grays,  Esstx. 

/r:j.ARDENER   (Head  Working).— Age  29, 

V^  single.  Scotch.  Ftiurteen  years'  practical  expeiience  in 
all  branches.  Excellent,  character  and  references —GAR- 
DENER, Orwell  Lodge,  West  Road.  Clapham,  S.W. 


G 


(^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26, 

V^  married  ;  ihoroughiy  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches. 
Stove  ai  d  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.- Good 
tejerences.  AUsiainer.— A.  B.,  5,  Dyeis  Lane,  Upper  Richmond. 
Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (HEAD^Working).— Age"4g  ; 
thoroughly  pr  ictical  in  Vines,  Peach  Houses.  Cucumber 
and  Melon  Houses,  also  the  whole  routine  of  Flowir  and 
Kitchen  Gardening;  Land  and  Stock,  if  required.— J.  L. ,  i  =  . 
Bertha  Road.  Greet,  near  Birmingham. 

(^ARDENER   (Head  Working),  or  good 

V^  Single-handed).- Married,  no  family  :  good  refer- 
ences.—T.  JINKS,  Mrs,  Boswell,  Mill  Street,  Evesham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
or  more  are  kett  or  assistance  given  —Age  25  ;  good 
practical  experience  in  genera'  louline.  Undeniable  character 
from  present  employer.-G.  NICKERSON.  Fritlon  Decoy, 
Yarmouth.  Norfolk. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed). — Age  27,  single  ,  ihnioughly  expeii- 
enced  in  all  blanches.  First-class  relerenc.s.- VVHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashfotd,   Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 

GARDENER  (HEAD  Working,  .or  good 
Single-handed).  —  Age  27,  single  :  thoroughly  ex- 
s.  First-class  references.— WHl  DDON. 
eet,  Exmouth,  Devon.     • 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed,  with  a  Lad)  —  Age  42,  married: 
thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Tnree  years'  good 
character.- VV.,  Rose  Cottage,  Tatslield.  Westerham. 

GARDBNER  (Head,  or.  good  Single- 
handed).— Age  27;  first-class  recommendations  from 
present  and  previous  employers.  Fourteen  years*  experience. — 
W.    SPOWAGE,     Harrow    Cottage,    Knockholt,     Sevenoaks, 

GARDENER  (Head  or  Second  in  a  good 
establishment). — Age  27.  unmarr  ed  ;  well  experienced  in 
Flower  and  Kuchen  Garden,  also  Plants  and  Fruits  under 
Glass.  Good  taste  lor  Table  Decoration.  First-class  recom- 
mendations from  past  and  present  employers. — T.  P.,  33,  Ala- 
bama Place,  Burden  Road,  Tunbridge. 

C  11  ARDENER,  either  in  the  Colonies,  Cape, 
J  or  Australia.— -*ge  27  ;  a  Dane.  Has  served  as  soldier. 
Excellent  references  for  seven  j  ears'  experience.  Sp  aks 
English,  German,  and  Scandinavian  Languages  fluently.— 
Please  address  to  J.  B    G.,  30,  Elgin  Terrace,  Maida  Vale,  W. 

GJ.ARDENER  (good  Single-handed),  or 
I  with  help;  age  27.  married.— A  Miller,  Rood  Aston 
Gardens,  Trowbridge,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  a  man  as 
above.     Good  character,  and  can  be  highly: 


C;j.ARDENER  (Single-handed), — Age  29, 
.*  mairied  ;  understands  Vines,-  Cucumbers,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardening,  &c.  Good  reference.- W.  J.,  Lyne,  near 
Cherlsey,  Surrey.        

/^ARDENER    (SECOND,    or    Third),  —  A 

VJ  respectable  youth  (age  19),  seeks  a  situation  in  a  Gentle- 
man's Garden  as  above,  under  Gla-s.  Previous  experience. 
Character  if  required.  Sia;e  wages.  —  M.  B.,  2,  t  llington 
Vllis,  Albert  Road,  "^eddington. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  22  ;  six  and  a 
half    years'    good     character    Indoors    and    Out.  —  E. 
REFFULD,  The  Gardens,  Peperharow.  Godalming.  Surrey. 


F 


OREMAN.— Age  27;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  Seventeen  months'  Indoor  Fore- 
man in  last  place.  Active  and  industrious.  Excellent  refei- 
ences.  — E,  W  ,  £6,  Biidge  Road  West,  Battersea,  S.W. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 
a6 :  ten  years'  experience  in  first-class  establishments, 
nearly  three  yearsas  Foreman.  Good  references —FOREMAN, 
35,  Melsonby  Terrace,  Chorley  Old  Road,  Bolton,  Lancashire. 

OREMAN,      ot       PROPAGATOR       or 
GROWER.— Age  33;  seventeen  years' practical  experi- 
ence  in  Wreaths,    Cro^ses,.  Bouquets,    Cut   Flower  and  Plant 
Trade,   also   Grapes,   Cucumbers.   Tomatos,   &c.     Gocd  refer- 
ences,-FLORIST,  Paik  Road,  Aylestoue  Park,  Leicester. 

"POREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR  (fNDooRJ. 

-L  —Age  36  ;  twei.ty  years'  experience  in  someof  the  leading 
Nurseries,  ol  Roses,  Clematis,  Rhododendron's,  and  General 
Nursery  Stuff.- Address,  stating  terms,  to  H.  L  ,  2r,  Chester 
Street,  Cirencester. 

To  Nuraerymea  and  Growers. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  (Indoors),  or 
MANAGEMENT  of  Nursery  where  H.P.  and  Tea 
Roses,  Clematis,  Rhododendrons,  Bouvardias,  &c. ,  are  required 
iniuinlily  for  a  Wholesale  or  Retail  Trade,— Age  28,  mariied  ; 
gooo  at  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  Twelve  years'  experience  in 
leading  firms.  Excellent  characters.— Apply,  staling  wages,  to 
A.  B.,  Langton  Green.  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATORandGROWEll 
(Incoor)  — Many  years'  experience.  Grapes.  Cucum- 
bers, Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers,  Plants,  &c.  Market  or  otherwise. 
Good  references.— A.  B.,  86,  Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn 
Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER,  in  a'good 
Nursery  or  Market  Garden.-Age  23;  seven  years' ex- 
perience in  Nursery-woikand  Growing  of  Tomatos  ard  Cucum- 
be  s  fir  Market,  and  Makin?  up  Cut  Flowers.  Good  thaiacter. 
— G.  LOCKWOOU,  86,  Longstone  Read,  Eastbouine. 

RCHID  GRO'WER,  CULTIVATOR,  and 

PROPAGATOR  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
General,— Age  24  ;  native  of  Germany,  but  speaks  English 
well.-Messrs.  THOMAS  CRIPPS  and  SON.  The  Tun- 
bridge Wells  Nurseries,  Kent,  can  confidently  recommend  the 
above,  and  will  have  pleasure  in  answering  any  inquiries. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  a  gocd  establishment,— 

Age  22.  Bothy  preferred.  Can  be  well  recommended.— 
H,  CROOKS,  Holloway,  near  Cronford,  Derby. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  garderw 
Age  20  :    four  years'  good    character.      Total  abstainer 
Bothy  preferred.-T.  E  ,  'The  Lodge,  Crawley,  Sussex. 

T OURNEYMAN,  iiTlhe   House77  age  25.— 

*J  Mr.  J.  Anderson,  The  Gardens,  Streatham  '  Grove, 
Norwood,  S.E.,  can  highly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 
Singularly  industrious,  obliging,  and  persevering. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24  ; 
has  had  good  expeiience  under  Glass.  Four  years' and 
six  years'  good  character.  —  F.  TOWNSEND,  Bloxham, 
Banbury,  Oxfordshire. 

TMPROVER.— Age  21  ;  good  character  from 

J-  last  situation.  Reference  to  the  Vicar.— JOHN  DAVIS, 
Rev,  J.  Hough,  Ham  Vicarage,  near  Richmond,  Surrey. 


TMPROVER,    in   a  good  Garden.-Age    18, 

-JL  Piemium  given.  Good  lefeierces -J.  FRANKLIN, 
FernhiU  Heath,  near  Worcester. 

IMPROVER,   in  the  Houses,  or  Inside  and 
Out   in   a  Gentleman's  gardi  n,— Age  19;    five  years'  ex- 
perience.    Good  references.— A,  B.,  G.  Bowyer,  .Heath  Ecd, 

To  GartlenerE. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.-Age 
17  ;  strong  and  healthy.  Good  character.  Two  years'  ex- 
perience-ALEX.  MILLER,  Gardener.  Rood  Aston  Park, 
'Trowbridge. 

To  Nurserymen. 

IMPROVER  (Outdoors),  in  a  first-class 
Nursery.— Three  years,  uiider  Messrs.  Ciiops  &  Sons,  two 
years  Indoors  and  one  Outdoor.— P.,  y,  Melbourne  Terrace, 
Norfolk  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

APPRENTICE,— Wanted  to  Apprentice  a 
youlh  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  garden.     Premium 
given.- J.  MATTHEWS,  Spellis,  Worcester. 

fyo    GARDENERS,    &c.  —  A    Gardener 

J-  desires  to  recommend  a  >oung  man  (age  21),  who  has 
had  seven  years'   practical   experience  in   Flower  Kitchen 

Garden,  and  Houses.  Highly  lesptctable.  Tctal  abstainer.— 
JAMES  BURGE,  Green'ord,  Southall.  Middle?^y 

TO  GARDENERS.— A  highly  respectable 
youth  (,ige  16),  seeks  a  situation  in  a  good  Gaiden.  Ex- 
cellent character  from  last  employer.— G.  PAYNE,  Abinger 
Hall  Gardens,  Dorking,  Surrey. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  wanted  in 
a  Maiket  Nursery.  .Age  26.  Quick  at  Potting  and  Tying. 
-W.  CORT,  33,  l^olton  Gardens,  High  Read,  Chiswii;k. 

TO  FLORISTS,  S:c.  —  Required,  the 
Management  of  a  Seed  and  Florist  Shop,  Plant  Sales 
man,  or  any  place  of  trust.  Good  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Maker 
can  be  well  recommended.— C.  ROUSE,  Mr.  Gilbert.  Marine 
Parade,  Hastings. 

AGRICULTURAL  ESTATE"  AGENT.— 
H.  Lane  &  Son,  The  Nurs  ries,  Great  Berkhamsted, 
cm  strongly  lecommend  Agricultural  Estate  Agents,  who 
thoroughly  understands  Agricullure,  Forestry,  Ornamental 
Planting.  Surveying,  Planning,  Es;ate  Accjunis,  &c.  First- 
Seed  or  Nursery  Trade. 
/^LERK-or    SHOPMAN.— Would    take    a 

V..^  journey  if  desired.  Good  Book-keeper  and  Correspondent. 
Thoroughly  experienced,  and  can  produce  first  class  testi- 
monials.—J.  O..  Gdnteneri  Chromcle  Office.  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

Q  HOPMAN,  in  a  Seed  Establishment— Age 

O  29.  Fiftetn  years'  goad  charac.e:. — A,  M,,  Shepheid's 
Bush  Nuiseiy,  She,)r.erd's  Bush,  W. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  28  ;  twelve  years'  experi- 
ence wuh  one  of  the  best  firms  in  the  trade.  Adveitis^r 
being  possessed  of  capital  would  prefer  a  situation  where 
a  Partnership  might  be  obtained  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  two. 
—  S..  Messrs.  Hurst  St  Son,  152;  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

SHOPMAN,  or  other  capacity. — Age  30  ; 
good  general  knowledge  of  the  Seed  and  Florist  Busine.s, 
and  used  to  Books —A.  B  ,  iir.  Storks  Road,  Southwark  Park, 
London,  S.E. 

HOPMAN   (Second),  in  the  Seed  Trade.— 

Age  19  :  five  years' experience.  Good  character.  — K.  K., 
BrookUiid  House,  Porten  Road,  West  Kensington  Park. 
London,  W. 

UHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  27  ;  eleven 

^■_7  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  First-class  reference. 
— E.    F..  G.ir,i,i:ers'  Chronicle  Office,   41,  Wellington  Street, 


(O  HOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSEMAN,— Ten 

kj  years'  experience  in  Wholesale  and  Relail.  Good  refer- 
ences.-GEO.  COY,  W.  W.  Johnson  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants, 
Boston. 

ARPENTER,  on   a  Gentleman's   estate,— 

A  respectable  young  man,  who  would  make  himself 
generally  useful.  Couiilry  not  objected  to.  Good  references. 
Abstain^.  —  E.  ROOKE,  21,  Abyssinia  Road,  Wandsworth 
Common,  S.W. 


HANDYMAN  (Useful).—  Can  Carpenter, 
Paint,  Glaze,  Fit  Hot-water  Apparatus,  Repair  Lock', 
&c.  Thorough  knowledge  of  Poultry,  and  Horticulture  in  all 
branches -T.  MILLINGTON,  Post  Office,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

HANDY    MAN,    in  Town  or  Country.' 
Plumber  and  Zinc  in  general.     Good  references  —A.  J  , 
9,  Palmer  Place,  HolLway,  London,  N. 

Reatl  the  following  .— 

"  In  spite  of  the  many  Novelties,  and  largely  advertised  '  New 
Preparations '  for  the  Chest  and  Lungs,  I  find 

DR.  LOCOCK'S    PULMONIC    WAFERS 
still  rank  as  affording  the  speediest  relief  in  Throat  and 
Chest  Affections  -(Signed), 

"W.  H.TURNER.  M.P.S.,  Tolterdown.  Bristol." 
They  instantly  relieve  and  rapidly  cure  Bronchitis,  Asthma, 
Consumption,  Coughs,  Colds,  Rheumatism,  and  taste  pleasantly. 
Sold  at  rj.  xYzii.  and  2J.  91/.  per  box. 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT 
aie  particitJaily  recommended  to  persons  who  have  I o 
pass  their  lives  in  confined  and  crowded  places;  hundred?,  of 
thousands  of  our  fellqw  creatures  toil  from  morning  until  even- 
ing in  factories  and  workshops  to  the  detriment  of  their  health, 
and  the  deterioration  of  the  race.  They  suffer  in  consequence 
from  indigestion,  flatulence  and  want  of  appetite,  and  these 
complaints,  if  neglected,  bring  about  nervousness  and  failure  of 
the  vital  powers.  Holloway 's  remedies  can  be  used  by  such 
sufferers  to  their  very  great  advantage,  as  they  are  mild  in  action 
and  certain  in  therr  effects.  No  one  need  therefore  Jose  a 
day's  work  when  using  ihem— a  matter  of  consequence  to  those 
whose  daily  bread  depends  on  daily  toil. 


352 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  12,  18 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHILL    EOW,    LONDON,    EC 


W     H     LASCELLES    and   CO     vnU   give   e 
every   desciiplion   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK,  ftee  c 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWQRK  material  in  variot 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

tJi,  Bunhill  Row,  and  36.  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  an 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stage: 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


:GL75tSSHOUSES&»EATING: 


B-W-WA-R^TOST 


BEADTORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.g,  -" 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  Ihey  always  have   a   large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       {,  s.  d. 
2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  I    -p-.y...     (       3  'O    o 
3.|ight  frame,  IJ  feet  by  6  feet  ^Qj^"  free  j       S     5     o 
6.1ight  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet }  (     to    o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats,     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Worlf,  Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


a^t=-xlif 


kM\ 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun.  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  ^illl  flo  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  which  no  charge  la  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


RUhh'  Illustrated  Catalo^^uf,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vi 
Forcing  Houses,  ^c. ,  recnitly  erected  by  M.  6*  Co. ,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOROUGH. 


3g 

P 

^.^^M 

ga 

;i-i'rrpmi|'fnTmTr 

R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Green.houses,  Peach  Houses.  Forcliig  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  TfiR  vrrv  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  desit^ed  .-irchitecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  feliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames.  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &;c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plufis,  Estimates  and  Caialog^ies  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom, 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


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,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  September  12.  1885. 
3D.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Mbnzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estaljltsljcti  1841. 


No.  6i2.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sER^rs.}  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  19,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper,  j  PoST-FREE,  i\d. 


the 


British  Associati 
Buckinghamshire  Garden, 

notes  from  a  . . 
Calanthe  colo  ans 
Comparettia     macroplec- 

t  on,  and  seed-vessels  of 
Dendrobium     infundibu- 

lum  cameo-pictum 
Floral  evolution  .. 
Florists'  flowers    . . 
Flower  garden,  the 
Forestry     .. 
Fruit  crops  of  the  present 

Garden  Palms      ..      .    .'. 


Grapes,  open-air  culture  of 
Hardy  ornamental  shrubs 
"  Horlus  Floridus  " 
Hoya  Griffithii    ferlilisa- 


CONTENTS. 

Octo^ena 

turist,  : 

Oncidiun; 

Orchid  n 


.  the. 


Kitchen  garden,  the 
•Luculias    .. 
Messrs.   Low's  Nurse 
Mushroom  field,  a 


P  anting,accidental effects 


Rockwork  at  Kew,  the  .. 
Rose  in  1885,  the. . 
Schismatoglottis  pulchra . 
Seed  harvest  of  1885,  the 

Derby  Horticultural  . . 
Northamptonshire  Hor- 
ticultural 
Royal  Caledonian  Hor- 
ticultural 
Talipot  Palm  labels 
Trees  of  the  United  Slates 
Washmt^tonia  robusta    ,, 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

oplectron,  iUu 


Outdoor  Grape  Vine,  pruning  of 
Puccinia  gentianre 

Schismatoglottis  pulchra  

Wistaria  on  wall  at  Shrubb's  Hill.  Sunningdale 


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Now  Ready,  In  cloth,  I63. 
"J^HE  GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

RAND     INTERNATIONAL     POTATO 

EXHIBITION  will  be  held  at  the  Crystal  Palace, 
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APPLE  and  PEAR    SHOW  at   EXETER 
OCTOBER  S2  acd  23. 
SPECIAL  CLASSES  for  Trade  and  Private  Growers,  and 
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Gmldhall.  Exeter. 


OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS 

J  Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants,  3^.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVfcL  AND  SON. 

Strawberry    Growers,      Driffield. 


STRAWBERRIES.— The    New   Earliest, 
"Pauline,"    Fiist-dass   Certificate,    Royal    Horticultural 
Society,  and  all  the  best  sorts,  in  small  pots,  or  as  transplanted 

PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "  Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N. 

STRAWBERRIES.-LeacTing  sorts,  in  large 
6o's.  for  potlinc  on  or  planting  out.     Low   prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  apolicaiion. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,  Nurserymin,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

CHOICE  SHRUBS  for  Pots  or  Bo.xes.  Nice 
shaped  plants,  12  to  iS  inches  high,  of  THUIA  AUREA, 
RETINOSPORA  AUREA,  CUPRtSSUS  ERECTA  kinds 
&c..  40J.  per  100  — \V.  lACKSON.  Blaktdowo,  Kidderminster! 


CROUX    ET    FILS,   Nurserymen,    Vallt^e 
d'Aulnay,  a  Chatenay,  Seine.-5o  Hectares, 
GREAT  SPECIALTY-FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

f  t867.  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Ohjet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Umverselle.^  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Croix  de  la 
\  Liigion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 


Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

TO      COMMENCE      1st      OCTOBER. 

WAITP,'  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Registered 
"WAITE.    LONDON," 
as  their  Address  for  Telegrams  from  any  part  of  the  World. 
Prompt  attention  will  be  given  to  all  Orders  forwarded  by  this 
means.  79,  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 


To  tlie  Trade. 

ZONAL  PELARGONIUMS. 
Sooo  for  Sale.  Surplus  stock.  All  the  leading  varieties. 
Splendid  stuff  in  43-pots,  about  half  in  full  flower,  fit  for  im- 
mediate use.  The  remainder  have  been  disbudded  and  specially 
grown  for  winter  flowering.     My  own  selection.     Price,  30J.  per 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 
The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  know.  Please  com- 
pare our   Prices  before  sending  vour  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   AND   SIMPSON.  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


O 


UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 

s  now  in  the  Press.     Send  for  a  copy. 
NEiV  PLANT  AND  BULB  CO-MPANY,  Colchester. 

PALMS,  speoially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses.  — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged.  20  inches  high.  \ii. 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  ir.  ■t.d  ;  same  kinds.  12  inches  high, 
2sr.  per  I03  ;  sample  12  for  4r  All  packages  and  parceU  post-free. 
Postal  oiders  to  GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamtcrd  Hill,  N, 

Btilb  Catalogue. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  New  Price  List  for  this 
season  is  now  ready,  free  on  application,  containing  all 
best  selections  of  Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Narcissus,  Crccus.  &c. 
Also  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c.  Early  Orders  ate 
solicited. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,   Belgium,  offers 
to  the  Trade;— AZALEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
andSPIR^A  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

REEN  HOLLIES.— The  present  is  themost 

favourable  time  for  transplantng  Hollies.  The  Subscribers 
offer  well-rooted  stuff: — 9  to  12  inches,  i2r.  per   100.  ;£$  per 
1000  ;  12  to  15  inches,  i6r.  per  100,  C^  per  icxio  ;  15  to  iS  inches, 
2or  per  100  :  ^8  per  loao;  ij^  to  2  teel.  50J.  per  loa. 
JOHN  JEFFRIES  and  SUN.  Royal  Nurseries.  Cirencester. 

PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  the  Waltham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  Waltham  Cross. 

ULBS,      AFRICAN~and     NATIVE 

PLANTS   of  NATAL.— A    large    variety,    comprising 

Crinums,      Imantophyllums,      Ha:manthus,     Native    Orchids, 

Montbrelia,    Hypoxis,     Begcnia   geranoidrs.    Dietes   Huttooi, 

Gerberea,  Agapanthus.  &c.     Zamias  and  Tree  Ferns. 

Prices  on  app'ication. 

JAMES       ENGLISH, 

The     Cedars'     Nurseries,     Pietermaritzburg,     Natal. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
.  Garden.  W.C,  are  opJn  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers  and  good  T'rade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  baskets,  and  labels  supplied. 

QU  ELCH         AND         B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
aUo  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

QQUELCH         AND         BARN  HAM, 

^^     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQ  U  E  L  CH         AND        BARN  HAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly, 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets,  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  daily, 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Fruit  and  Flower  Salesmen,  Fruit 
Market, and  191,  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
WAltSHOUSB-37,  Hart  Street,  W.C. 

ANTED,  ACACIAS  of  sorts,  about  6  to  S 

feet.     Well    furnished  and   Itealthy   specimens.     Size 
IRELAND  and  THOMSON,  ao,  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh. 


FOR  SALE,  Two  Fine  Plants  ot 
PAND.'^NUS  VEITCHI,  about  6  feet  high,  in  i8  inch 
pots,  full  of  ofl=ets  for  stock.  Would  make  grand  exhibition 
plauls      Price  4M   each,  or  i,  ror,  the  pair. 

W.  M.  CROWE,  Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton,  Essex 

OR     SALE,     1 2,000     MAIDENHAIR 

FERNS,  from  boxes,  good  Plants,  at  51.  per  100; 
FFRNS  in  8  varieties,  in  pots,  at  tor.  per  too,  or  is.  per  dozen, 
sent  by  post  or  oiherwise. 

Post-office  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green, 
T.  BALDWIN,  Edith  Nursery,  Burch«ll  Road,  Leyton. 

"VE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 

-i-     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.   Piice  ij. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W,C. 

CUT  ROSES.— Teas,  Blooms  and  Buds,  for 
Buttonholes,  6r.  per  roo.     Cash  with  order. 
W.  CAUDWELL.'F.R.H.S.,  The  Ivies.  Wanuge. 

To  the  Trade. 

HCOLLYER,  147,  Camden  Road,  Tun- 
•  bridge  Wells  (late  Propagator  lor  T.  Cripps  &  Sonl, 
can  now  offer  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  and  LANUGI- 
NOSA CANDIDA,  strong  plants,  8i,  per  dozen,  501.  per  100  ; 
AMPELOPSIS  VEIICHU  (tiue),  fr.  perdczen. 

/^ARNAtIoN  "PRmE^f  PENSlTuR^ST," 

V^     best  yellow.      First-class  Certificate    Royal  Horiiculiural 
Society,    May  26.    iS:i5.      For  extra  strong  well-rooted  layers, 
and  established  plants  in  pots  of  this  lovely  variety,  apoty  to 
F.  WEBBER,  Q  larry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonb-idge.  Kent 

OUBLE    WHITE     ROCKET    (Hesperis 

matronalis  albo-plenaj.  —  True,    strong   plants    of    this 
scarce  and  valuable  Hardy  Flower  can  now  be  supplied  at  gr  per 
dozen.     Orders  for  i  dozen  upwards.     Carriage  paid.     Puce  for 
Urge  quantities  on  application  to 
FKEDERICK  FOREMAN, Eskhank Nursery, Dalkeith. N.B. 

Gardeners.  Please  Observe. 

GLADIOLUS,  The  Bride,  pure  White,  zs. 
p;r  doz.,  125.  per  100:  NARCISSUS,  Soleil  d'Or  and 
Gl  riosa,  2J,  per  doz.  ;  Grand  Monaique  and  While  Peail,  3X. 
per  doz.     Immense  bulbs.     Carriage  paid 

T.  BAKER,  Florist,  &c  ,  Chester. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS     in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  to  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  rar.  to  245,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

A  Floral  Treat. 

SIXTY  THOUSAND  Seedling  BEGONIAS 
IN  BLOOM  out-of-doors.    The   grandest  floral  disp'ay 
in  the  world.     Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Slanstead  Park,  Forest  Hdl.  S  E. 

C"    LEMATIS      JACKMANNI       ALBA      is 
now  in  b'oom.     All  interested  in  this,  the  most  important 
introduction  of  modern    times,  should    book  to   Sunningdale 
Station  (S.W.R.),  and  call  on 
CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshnt. 

URIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  PRIMULAS. 

L  Fine  pbnts,  ready  for  single  pols,  of  the  same  well- 
coloured  and  large- flowered  strains  we  have  distributed  for 
fourteen  years,  ij.  6rf.  per  doz..  105   per  lo-i,  11s.  6d  for  950. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Alttinchm 
and  12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

TEA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 
select  from.     The  beautiful  puie  white  Niphetos,  full  of 
buds.  Marshal  Niel,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  and  others  ;  121,,  lis.,  to 
36r.  per  Aozf.n. 
V.  STREET,  Heathcrside  Nurseries.  Famboro'  Sution,  Hants 

To  the  Trade. 

SEAFORTHIA     ELEGANS.  —  Seed    just 
arrived  in  fine  condition.     Write  for   lowest  Trade  price 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun,,  Breslau,  Germany. 

OrTsALE,  cool    PALMS,   DRAC^NAS 

id  YUCCAS.  4  to  5  feet,  fine  specimens.     Apply  to 
W.  JACKSON  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Bedale. 

CROCUS   BULBS.  —  100,000  large  Yellow 
Bulbs,  in  first-rate  condition,  at  8r  per  looo. 
R    GOSLING.  Market  Gardener.  Boston. 

EVERGREEN  HEDGES.— 

ARBOR-yiTA.   American,    bushy,    weU    rooted,   and 
adapted  for  forming  a  dense  hedge  : — 2  to  3  feet,  per  ico,  25^. 
3  to  4  feet,  per  ico,  40J.  ;  4  to  5  feet,  per  100,  .S04.  ;  5  to  6  feet 
per 


F 


JOHN  JEFFRIES  and  SON,  Royal  Ni 

F 


Ciren 


RUITING      TREES     in     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS.    PEACHES.   &c. 

Well-trained   trees   for   walls,    with   fibrous  roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  ROSES.       SEAKALE  for  Forcing. 

Inspection  invited. 

WILL  TAVLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton.  Middlesex. 

OR      SPECIALLY       CHEAP      GLASS 

see  Last  or  Next  Week's  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
HY.  WAINWRIGHT,  Sand  to,  Alfred  St.,  Boar  Lane,  Leeds. 


354 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,  iS 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Flower  Eoots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden  W.i:.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SVrURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  111 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o  Clock. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No  6974.) 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE   PLANTS. 

MR  T  C.STEVENS  will  include  in  his  SALE 
by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  Kmg  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  Seplern- 
her23  about  ,00  lots  of  first-class  CAMELLIAS,  PALMS, 
FERNS,  LAPAGERIAS,  and  other  STOVE  and  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  to  name. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No  6975.) 
VALUABLE    IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  35,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  24,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  fine  importations  of  Vanda  Lowu, 
V.  Hookeril,  Cypripedium  Stonei,  Phalaenopsis  grandiflora, 
Calanthe  veratrifolia,  Saccolabium  Hendersoni,  and  other 
ORCHIDS  in  good  condition,  from  Mr.  F.  Sander.  Also 
consignmen;s  of  West  Indian  and  Mexican  ORCHIDS,  an 
importation  of  lonopsis  paniculata,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G..  every  MONDAY, 
THURSDAY  and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  pre- 
cisely each  day  about  8co  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private 
Buyers. 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catabgues  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N  B  The  Sale  on  THURSDAY  NEXT  will  include  a 
quantity  of  TERRA  COTTA  POTS  and  VASES. 


Whetstone.— Notice  of  Sale. 
The  VALUABLE  FREEHOLD  PROPERTY,  knoivii  as 
the  New  Lodge  Nurseries,  comprisinK  I7  J^cres  of  LAN  U, 
34  suoeriorly  erected  GREENHOUSES,  DWELLING- 
HOUSE,  numerous  TRADE  BUILDINGS,  together 
with  the  whole  of  the  Vines,  as  planted  out,  and  the  Good- 
will of  the  Business. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  Sold  the  above 
valuable  Property  (oought  in  at  the  Auction  on  the  3d  inst) 
by  private  treaty,  in  one  lot,  and  will  proceed  to  bb-LL  tne 
PLANTS.  LIVE-STOCK,  and  UTENSILS  on  SEPTEM- 
BER 2Q  NEXT.     See  following  advertisement. 


FOR    SALE,  a  FRUIT  NURSERY,   at   a 
reasonable  price.    Situate  near  a  Town  RaUway  Station  ; 
also  some  Land  on  which  some  of  the  stock  is  growing. 

Particulars  sent  on  application  to  JOSEPH  CARLESS.Esq  , 
Solicitor,  Hereford.  -         


■Whetstone,  N. 

Four  minutes'  walk  from  Totteridge  Station. 
IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE   SALE   of  PLANT.S.    LIVE 
and  DEAD  STOCK,  HAY,  U  I'ENSILS  and  EFKECI'S, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  W.  Davis  &  Son,  without  the  shghle^t 

M"e'sSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
(having  sold  the  Freehold  Estate)  are  favoured  with 
instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  New 
Lodge  Nurseries,  Whetstone,  N.,  on  TUESDAY.  September 
29  at  12  o'clock  punctually,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  consLsting  ol  4000  Pelargoniums, 
,0=0  double  scarlet  Geraniums,  2000  Hydiangeas,  4°oo  large 
white  Chrysanthemums,  in  No.  4  pots.  Princess  of  leek  and 
Elame:  100  grand  Speamen  Camellias,  in  tubs  and  planted 
out,  principally  white,  and  producing  annually  an  immense 
quantity  of  bloom  ;  several  smaller  plants  in  pots  ;  the  whole  of 
the  UTENSILS  in  TRADE  ;  four  young,  active,  and  power- 
ful Cart  HORSES  ;  four  capital  market  VANS,  five  manure 
CARTS,  water  CARTS,  fourteen  HEIFERS,  two  Ayrshire 
COWS  in  call,  twelve  Berkshire  PIGS.  Slack  of  Prime  Meadow 
HAY  filtv  loads  of  MANURE,  quantity  of  two  and  three  light 
BOXES,  STRAW,  CORN-BINS,  BARROWS,  PO'lb, 
BASKETS,  and  numerous  other  effects  applicable  to  a  Market 
Gardener  and  Nurseryman. 

May  be  viewed  the  Saturday  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues 
may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  at  the  principal  local  Inns,  and 
of  the  Auctioneeis,  Valuers,  and  Estate  Agents,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


California. 

FOR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 
FARMS,  CATTLE   and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  J.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco.  California. ' 

NURSERY,  with  Three  Houses  over  loofeet 
long    each  ■      well    built,   comforiable,    double- fronted 
COTTAGE.       Lease    nineteen   years.      Rent    {.^o.      Acre    of 
Ground.     8  miles  from  London.     Parties  with  £350  apply. 
C.  H.  COWLES,  Woodford  Green,  Essex. 


PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Markbt  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C  ,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone,  E.       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


Sldcup 
ABSOLUTE  SALE,  by  ord-r  of  Miss  Sim,  who  is  giving 

up  the  Nursery. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  The 
Sidcup  Hill  Nursery,  Sidcup,  on  MONDAY,  September  21, 
at  12  o'clock,  without  reserve.  50,000  of  Hardy  and  Exotic 
FERNS,  in  variety,  for  which  this  Nursery  has  been  so  cele- 
brated ■  5000  Siandard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  3050  LAURELS, 
loco  FRUIT  TREES,  hundreds  of  HOLLIE.S,  AUCUBAS, 
and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS;  7000  HER- 
BACEOUS PLANTS,  lour  GREENHOUSES,  HOT- 
WATER  PIPING.   BOILERS,  &c-  . 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the 
Auciioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N.B.— The  NURSERY  TO  BE  LET, 

Hendon,  N.W. 
TRADE  CLEARANCE  SALE   of  STOVE   and   GREEN- 
HOUSE   PLANTS,  grown  specially  for  the  London  Cut 
Flower  Trade,    by   order   of  Mr.  J.    H.  Pounce,    without 
reserve,  the  land  beinj;  required  lor  building  purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Pounce's 
Nursery,  Hendon.  N.W-.  ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  Siation, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  September  13,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  STOVE  and  GREENHOUbE 
PLANTS- 50,000  Carnations,  including  G  oire  de  Nancy, 
Prince  of  Orange,  Dr.  Abercrombie,  Alegatierte,  and  other 
choice  sorts;  large  Eucharis  amazonica,  large  Azaleas,  prin- 
cipally white  ;  Tea  and  other  Pot  Roses,  early  and  late  Chry- 
santhemums, Imantophyllums,  Pancratium  fragrans.  Myrtles, 
Hardy  Climbers,  and  quantities  of  other  Stock,  lotted  to  suit 
the  Trade  and  privaie  Buyers.  Also  one  GREENHOUSE,  and 
HOT-WATER   PIPING. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises  or  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

NB -The  OUTDOOR  NURSERY  STOCK  will  be  SOLD 
on  THURSDAY,  October  29. 

Acton,  W. 
GREAT  TRADE   SALE   of  FERNS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instrucled  by  Mr.  John  Reeves,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  Uxbndge  Road. 
Acton,  W.,  five  minutes'  walk  from  the  station.  North  London 
Railway,  on  THURSDAY,  September  24.  at  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely 100000  FERNS,  in  pots  and  store  boxes,  including 
Adian'tumsi  Lomarias,  Pteris  cretica  and  cretica  albo  Iineata, 
Aspleniums  &c.  ;  2000  CORYPHA  AUSTRALIS.  1000 
ASPARAGUS  PLUMOSUS.  1000  AZALEAS  w;ell  set  with 
buds:  PELARGONIUMS.  50C0  Old  Crimson  CLOVE  CAR- 
NATIONS, 5000  Green  EUONYMUS,  5000  AUCUBAS. 
I  to  3  feet  ■  Green  and  Variegated  HOLLIES,  and  a  quantity  of 
other  SHRUBS.  ,_     .    j  .v 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  tne 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 

Friday  Next- 

CATTLEYA  DOWIA^IA,  large  masses. 

PERISTERIA  ELATA.  LYCASTE  SKINNERI. 
ONCIDIUM   LANCEANU.M  SUPERBUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Bonny  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside. 
E  C  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  25.  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  a  grand  lot  ol  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  just  re- 
ceived in  unusually  fine  condition,  including,  in  addition  to  the 
above,  Odontoglossum  Oerstedii  majus.  Coryanthes  macrantha, 
Peristeria  pendula,  Odontoglossum  grande,  Aganisia  pulchella, 
Paphinia  grandis,  and  many  others,  together  with  about  fifty 
lots  of  choice  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  in  variety. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Hlghfleld  Nurseries,  Matlock,  Derbyshire. 

To    Noblemen,     Gentlemen,    Nurserymen,    and    Others. 

HIGHLY     IMPORTANT    AND    ATTRACTIVE    SALE 

OF   NURSERY   S'TOCK. 

MESSRS.  ELSE  and  SON  have  received 
instructions  from  Mr.  J.  J.  Marriott,  who  is  giving  up 
a  portion  of  his  ground,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  without 
reserve,  on  MONDAY,  TUESDAY,  and  WEDNESDAY, 
September  28,  2q,  and  30,  the  whole  of  the  very  Superior  Stock 
of  the  above-named  ground,  all  in  the  best  possible  condition 
for  removal,  including  large  quantities  of  ROTUNDIFOLIA, 
CAUCASICUM,  L.ATIFOLIA,  COLCHIC.  and  olher 
LAURELS:  extra  strong  oval-leaved  PRIVET;  a  choice 
collection  ol  Variegated  and  Green  HOLLIES  ;  CUPR  ESSUS. 
RETlNOiPORAS,  ARAUCARIAS,  and  ARBOR-VIT.«S  : 
choice  named  RHODODENDRONS.  Tree  P/EONIES, 
I2  0O3  Transplanted  Seedling  RHODODENDRONS  from 
ihe  finest  named  sorts,  and  30,000  from  hybrids  ;  30DO 
ROSES  on  their  own  roots,  in  choicest  variety  ;  a  very  select 
collection  of  Herbaceous  P.'EONIES  in  strong  flowering 
pUnts-  40000  transplanted  LARCH,  clean,  stout,  and  well- 
rooted;  extra  good  PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  &c. 

Particulars  of  which  are  given  in  Catalogues,  to  be  had  one 
week  prior  to  ihe  Sale,  from  Mr.  MARRIOTT,  Lime  Villa, 
Walsall,  or  the  Auctioneers,  Matlock  Bridge. 

Messrs.  Else  &  Son  desire  to  call  special  attention  to  this 
Sale  the  stock  to  be  offered  being  of  unusually  good  quality, 
particularly  worthy  of  the  notice  of  THE  TRADE  as  well  as 
PRIVAIK  KUVERS.  there  being  nothing  old  or  over-grown, 
or  spoiled  by  over-crowding. 


JOHN        KENNARD'S       HORTICULTURAL 
Sundries,    Peat.    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

GOOD     BULBS     for     SUPPLYING 
CUT    FLOWERS;— 
EUCHARIS    SANDERII. 
EUCHARIS    AMAZONICA. 
EUCHARIS    CANDIDA. 
EUCHARIS    MASTERSII. 
The  last-named,  a  beautiful  new  kind,  offeied  for  the  first  time. 
Price  per  dozen  or  hundred  on  application  to 
Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL,  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W\ 

Vines- Vlnes-'Vlnes. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Price  and  full  particulars  on 
application  to  the  Company,  ,  .  , 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  LiverpooL 

ARGE  FAN-TRAINED  PEACH  TREES. 

—  Several  good  Trees  for  Sale,  owing  to  want  of  room. 
Good  sorts  and  fine,  healthy  trees  that  move  well.    For  par- 

r  Stamford. 


London,  W. 

TO  FLORISTS  and  GARDENERS.— 
Commanding  position,  in  one  of  the  principal  main  tho- 
roughfares Capital  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS-Show  House, 
3  Greenhouses  several  Pils,  Dwelling-house  and  Stable. 
Lease  52  years  at  a  low  rent-     Price  .£6m-     Stock  optional. 

^Full'pLSarsYkessrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.    (Folio  6242.^ 

FOR  S  A  L  E,  by  Private  Treaty,  the 
NURSERY,  LANDSCAPE  GARDENER'S,  SEED 
and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  carried  on  for  Ihe  last  eighteen 
years  by  Mr.  J.  Soulhall.'of  Handsworth.  who  is  now  per- 
manently incapacitated  by  a  serious  accident  from  active 
business  pursuit.  The  Nursery  is  well  stocked  with  Shrubs  of 
every  description,  and  contains  about  ^Vt  Acres  at  a  small  rent, 
together  with  a  roomy  three  storeyed  House,  three  Glass- 
houses, Frames,  &c  ,  well  stocked  ;  also  a  Stall  in  West 
Bromwich  Maiket  Hall.  The  whole  now  in  working  order,  and 
will  be  sold  as  a  going  concern.  An  immediate  purchaser  will 
be  liberally  dealt  with,  as  the  place  must  be  Sold  at  once. 

For  particulars,  apply  FLEETWOOD  AND  GOOD  EVE. 
Auciioneers,  Valuers,  and  Estate  Agents,  42,  Cheiiy  Street, 
Birmingham. 

To  Nurserymen,  Florists,  Seedsmen,  and  Others. 

FOR  DISPOSAL,  the  Holybourne  Vineries, 
an  eligible  going  concern,  comprising  Lease,  Goodwill, 
Stock-n-Traae.  and  Plant  of  the  above  Old-established 
FLORIST'S,  FRUITERER'S,  and  SEEDSMAN'S  BUSI- 
NESS, situated  within  i  mile  from  Alton  Town  and  Railway 
Station.  The  above  comprises  a  detached  Span-roof  Green- 
house, 84  by  50  feet,  containing  120  healthy  bearing  Vmes,  with 
about  xYi  tons  of  Fruit  thereon,  fitted  with  Heating  Appliances, 
Soft-water  Tank  attached,  holding  17,000  gallons,  Forcing 
House,  Ground  Viflery,  Lean-to  Greenhouse,  Potting  Sheds, 
Stores,  good  Gardens,  and  large  Yard.  The  House  contains 
Shop,  Office,  i  Sitting  Rooms,  Kitchen,  s  Bedrooms,  and 
Attics.     The  whole  at  a  nominal  rental. 

For  orders  to  view  and  further  particulars,  apply  to  Messrs. 
WILLIAMS  AND  YOUNG,  Auctioneers  and  Estate  Agents, 
Alton,  Hants. 

O  BE  SOLD,  a  FREEHOLD  NURSERY 

(subject  to  an  annuity),  about  2  acres  of  GARDEN 
GROUND,  well  planted;  Dwelling-house.  10.500  square  feet 
of  Glass,  heated  by  Hot  water  :    Sheds,  Offices.  &c     Stock  at 


New  Catalogues. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descrip- 
tive CATALOGUES  for  the  season  are  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  post  free  00  application,  viz   : — 
A  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  and  other  BULBS. 
A  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES.  VINES,  and 

all  kinds  ol  HARDY  TREES  and  SHRUBS. 
A    CATALOGUE    of   CARNATIONS,    PICOTEES,    and 
PINKS. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

AZALEAS,  grand  large  plants  of  Double 
White,  well  set  for  early  bloom.  20!.  pet  dozen.  BOU- 
VARDIAS,  fine  bushy  plants,  in  eight  best  kinds,  including 
Doubles,  25t.  pifl-  too.  TRuE  CARNATIONS,  fine  plants 
for  early  flowering,  405,  per  too.  Choice  named  SHOW 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.  strong  Layers,  well  rooted, 
401.  per  too.   j^(^j^gQjj^  Blakedown,  Kidderminiter. 

FOR  SALE,  500  EUCHARIS 
AMAZONICA,  good  flowering  bulbs,  751.  per  too. 
GERANIUM  CUTTINGS,  "  CANDIDISSIMA  ALBA 
PLENA,"  the  finest  Double  White  Geranium  for  cutting 
purposes.  81.  per  too  ;  all  other  leading  varieties,  7s.  per  100. 
VIOLAS,  all  leading  varieties  arid  colours,  i6s.  per  too. 
W.  MILES,  West  Brighton  Nurseries,  Hove. 


E 


UGENE     VERVAET     DE     VO^ 


off. 


INDIAN  AZALEAS,  . ^-. , 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  40s.,  6oj.,  and  8oi.  per  too. 
AZALEA  NARCISSIFLORA,  8or.  and  icos.  per  too. 

All  budded  plants  in  the  most  splendid  condition. 
The  Indian  Azalea  Nursery,  Swynaerde,  near  Ghent. 


Flowering  Orchids —Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  give  notice  that  their  next  SALE  of  the  above 
will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  September  29,  for  which  they 
will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  ENTRIES  in  due  course. 


Also  P'ait  2  of  said  Nursery  TO  BE  LET, 
Lease  of  nine  years  ,  good  Dwelling-house,  12  a 
planted  with  Nuisery,    Farming  Produce,  &c.,l 


)n  unexpired 
res  of  Land, 


For  particulars  apply  31,  Market  Hill,  Cambridge. 


Autiunn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  they  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 

"''Th?  AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  are  m  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 

B     GILBERT,    Anemone     Nursery,    Dyke,' 
•     Bourne,  Lincoln,  begs  to  offer  the  following    BULBS, 
PLANTS,  &c.  :  — 
ANEMONE,   King  of  Scarlets,  B.  G.'s  own  production,  41. 

per  doz.,  255.  per  100. 
HEPATICAS,  Double  Red.  51.  per  dozen,  30J.  per  too. 

Single  Blue.  4J.  per  dozen,  251   per  103. 
VIOLETS,  Marie  Louise.  41.  per  dozen,  2;i.  per  too. 
Single,  Victoria,  V-  per  dozen,  205.  per  too. 
At    the  International    Exhibition,    held    at    the    Alexandra  . 
Palace.  B.  G.  was  awarded  a  Medal  for  Group  of  Anemones. 

Testimonials  from  all  parts  are  constantly  coming  in.  'The 
following,  from  Mr.  Roberts,  Gardener  to  Lord  Rothschild, 
only  recentlv  received : — 

"  Dear  Sir,— I  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  your  Anemones. 
They  are  superb  both  in  colour  and  size  of  flower.  I  potted  a 
quantity,  putting  five  bulbs  in  a  pot,  kept  them  under  glass.  In 
due  time  they  threw  up  as  many  as  two  dozen  splendid  blooms. 
They  flowered  two  months  sooner  than  the  outdoor  ones,  and 
were  the  admiration  of  all  who  saw  them.— Yours  very  truly 
"  J.  Roberts. 


September  19,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


355 


TEA  AND  NOISETTE   ROSES. 

Prices  and  full  farticulars  on  iipplication. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE 

of  Roses  for  Autumn,  1885.  now  in  course  of  preparation. 

tWXNG    &    CO., 

SEA    VIEW    NURSERIES,    HAVANT,     HANTS. 


JERSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 


■-     ,ILUlJSTRAT£DCATALOCL'ES,  ,  ,      -, 

CORMUi!;^SON. 


PEARS^ 


_M'PI.KS,  TLUM.": 


B     U     I_     B     S. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


BULBS, 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

HYACINTHS,  tor  Pota  and  Glasses. 
HYACINTHS,  for  Beds  or  Borders. 
TULIPS,  for  Pots  or  Bedding. 
CROCUS,  DAFFODILS    KARCISSUS,  RAN- 
UNCULUS, ANEMONES,  &c. 
F:yr  Prices  a'td  furtttir  particulars,    see    Illustrated 
BULB  CA  TALOGUE.pcst-free  m  application. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

LITER    liOLLOW.^Y.    I.ON'nOX,   X. 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAIL 


PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

James  Dickson  i  Sojls 

'KEWTOgr'NURSERlES\rHrrTrD 
I08EASTCATES!  jMl2M 


pUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(ij,  extta  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  u. 

None  genuine  nnless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sie^nature  attaclied. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited).  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Highfiate  Ni 


BULB  S 


FROM      HOLLAND. 

Pamphlet  on  Growing 


200,000      DIRKCT 

Very  Cheap  LIST,  with 
B.ilbs.  free  on  application.      HYACINTHS,' from 
TULIPS,  from  21.  100;  CROCUS,  from  is.   iooi'NARCIS 
SUS,  from  21,  100-     Liberal  Discount  to  Large  Buyers. 
ROBERT  SYDENHAM   Bristol  Road,  Bu-mingham. 


Ferns.— Ferns.— Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.STRICTUM,  LOMARI*GIBBA, 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VAKIEGAIA.  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  nn,  20.5.  per  100,  Cq  per  rcoo. 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  30J.  per  too. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  fine  plants,  in  ^M  and  5-inch 
pots,  4ar.  and  505.  per  loj. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

EACHEY'S    SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 

collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, ts.  pet  di  zen  plants,  \is.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac:  New  York,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  led 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Loui<e, 
Quten,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles.  3s.  nd.  per  dozen  plants,  71.  id. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  I^IST  of  thirty  varielies  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  direciious  tor 
Cultivation,     also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and.     PRIM- 


The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling,) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1SS3. 
Strong  Canes,  £,-i  per  loo:  gs.  per  dozen. 

Usual  allowance   to  Trade,  5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.     Orders  are  now  being  booked. 

A    FAULKNOR,  Inkpen.  Hungerford 

"  Irradiating  the  Present.  Restoring  tlie  Past." 

A  COMPLETE  and  ORIGINAL  "LITTLE 
BOOK"  of  DAFFODILS,  in  its  revised  form,  for  1885. 
Price  \s..  pat-free.  There  are  numerjus  original  Illustiaticn-, 
and  the  DafTodils  are  the  best  ripened  Bulbs  to  be  got,  Ireland 
being  so  scuial  to  the'r  cultivation.  Over  130  soits  ti  select 
from.  Eaily  planting  and  eatlv  ripen'ng  of  Bulbs  should  give 
grand  results.  Advantages  ofTered  by  no  other  Hou-e  in  the 
Trade.  —WM.  BAYLOR  HARTLANu'S  Old  Established 
Seed  Warehouse,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


'PO     THE     TRADE. —  Young     FOREST 

-L  TREES. — True,  native  i-year,  and  i-year  transplanted 
LARCH  :  .-year  and  r-year  transplanted  SCOTCH  :  z-year 
SCOTCH  and  SPRUCE  Seedlings  ;  i-year  BIRCH,  ALDER, 
BEECH.  Silver  FIR  Seedlings.  Prices,  &c.,  on  application  to 
PETER  BLAKE,  Nurseryman,  Summer  Hill,  Co.  Mealh, 
Ireland. 


HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower,  Hillegora,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBOBO  Bros.).  begs  to  inform  Ws  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  :  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mad  his  own  free  on  demand. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Floiists. 

DUTCH   BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  ol  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 


Bermuda  Easter  Lily. 

L ILIUM  HARRISIL— This  Lily,  coming 
direct  from  Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
variety  generally  sent  from  Americr  under  the  above  name,  to 
which  it  is  much  superior,  and  different  in  bulb,  growth,  and 

Mr.  William  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  impor- 
tation direct  from  Bermuda,  and  can  supply  good  bulbs  at  21.  dd. 
and  3*.  6d.  each  ;  gigantic  bulbs,  5J.  and  7^,  td.  each  :  a  few 
monster  bulbs.  1  foot  in  circumference,  loj.  td.  each. 

ULIUM  AURATUM.— Mr.  William  Blllis  now  booking 
orders  for  good  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6j.,  Qf.,  121.,  i8j.,  and 
24J,  per  dozen.     All  other  good  Lilies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


T^UTCH  BULBS. 


■pxlRECT  FROM  THE 


IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  18S5.  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower.  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-feee,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane.  St.  M.iry-at.Hill,  London,  E.C. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to 
•  the  1  rade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemahs  and  olher  varieties).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS.  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIA.s, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  olher  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.    An  inspection  is  invited 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.  E. 


Prize  Gooseberries  and  the  National  Gooseberry 
SHOW. 

ON  SALE,  the  heaviest  and  best  sorts  of 
0003EBERRIES.  that  were  shown  at  the  above 
named  show,  as  inserted  Aug.  22.  p,  240,  Gardeners'  Chrontcle. 
ALso  for  Market  purposes,  CROWN  BOBS.  LANCASHIRE 
LADS,  ROARING  LIONS,  KEEPSAKES,  and  others. 
They  are  all  on  clear  legs,  and  have  clean  healthy  tops,  and 
will  be  offered  at  unusually  low  prices. 

A  printed   LIST,   with  price  per  dozen  or  hundred  may  be 


had  post-fie 


application. 


EDMUND  SALSBURY,  Melbourne,  near  Derby. 


WW.  JOHNSON  AND  SON,  Seed 
•  Gkowhks  AND  Merchants.  Boston,  are  now  offer- 
ing their  Select  Stocks  of  home-grown  SWEDES  in  variety, 
at  very  moderate  prices.  Terms,  stating  requirements  on  appli- 
cation. Sr-ed  Warehouse,  Bridge  Street,  Boston. 

flowerTnc  plants 

For   AUTUMN   and   WINTER. 

STk'ONC,  HEALTHY,  and  FULL  0,    BLOOM. 


Acacias,  iSr.  to  301  per  dozen. 

Azalea  indica,  i8r.  ro6cf.  per  dozen. 

Bouvardias.  distinct.  Singles  and  Doubles,  15J.  per  dozen. 

Camellias,  y<s.  loOoj   per  dozen. 

Cyclamen   perslcum  (Smith's  superb  strain),  full  of  buds, 

5-inch  pots,  iSr.  per  dozen. 
CytiSUS,  125.  to  18s.  per  dozen. 
EpacriS,  best  sorts.  i8r.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 

Ericas,    hy  emails,    Wlllmoreana,    caffra,    gracilis, 

autumnalis,  &C.,  6-it,ch  pots,  18s.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 
Gardenias,  18s.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 
'Lapageria  alba,  71.  6rfto  431.  each. 
Lapagerla  rosea,  it.  6d.  to  5s.  each. 
Llbonla  penrhoslana.  121.  to  181.  per  dozen. 

Pimeleas.  very  fine.  3CJ.  per  dozen. 

PrlmtUas,  best  Doubles,  named,  305.  to  421.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  Double  While  and  Purple,  rSs-  per  dozen. 

Tree  Carnations,  5-inch  pots,  245.  to  301.  per  dozen. 


Orange,  sinensis  (in  fruit),  2s.  6rf.  each. 
Greenhouse  Climbers,  in  variety,  i8j.  to  301  per  dozen. 
Grevlllea  robusta.  5-inch  pots,  res.  to  iSj.  per  dozen. 
Ferns,  Maidenhair,  &C.,  in  great  variety  ;  also 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS. 

DESCRIPTIVE    LIST    FREE. 

Selections  from  above  may  be  made  at  dozen  prices. 

The  plants  are  remarkably  fine  and  cheap. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

-^  FORTY 

Orna 
FRUIT  & 

Forest 

Prifcd  Catalogues  .FiosLFree. 

JCHEAL&CONS 

w»  V  Crawley  ,  ^%0  Sussex. 


WcTfie  m&  'See^ 


OUR    DAHLIAS. 

'T'HEY  are  now  splendid,  and  as  a  proof  we 
simply  append  the  following  extracts.  Both 
at  the  Crystal  Palace  and  South  Kensington 
we  had,  as- in  many  previous  years,  very  much 
the  most  complete  and  best  representation  of 
the  whole  family  ever  brought  together  ;  and  in 
both  instances  it  is  fully  admitted  that  we  had 
the  premier  blooms  and  the  greatest  novelties 
in  the  Show. 

JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE,  September  to,  1885 
(Dahlia  Show). 

"  The  most  effective  display  was  by  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons. 
Swanley,  who  had  most  extensive  collections,  representing  all 
the  leading  varieties,  and  including  many  novelties  of  great 
merit.  Very  noticeable  was  the  large  white  Dahlia,  Mont  Blanc, 
8  inches  in  diameter,  and  several  pretty  new  forms  ot  the 
Juatezii  type.  A  magnificent  bloom  of  Mrs.  Gladstone  attracted 
much  attention.  Tuberous  Begonias  and  many  other  specialties 
were  comprised  in  this  grand  collection,  for  which  a  Silver-gtlc 
Medal  was  awarded." 

GARDENERS'  MAGAZINE,  Seftemiem,  1885. 

•'  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  exhibited  a  large  and 
comprehensive  collection  for  which  they-  were  awarded  the 
Silver-gilt  Medal.  It  comprised  hundieds  of  blooms  of  Shew 
and  Fancy  vaiieties,  and  ten  or  twelve  boxes  of  Pompons  and 
single  flowers,  all  of  which  were  of  a  high  degiee  of  excellence." 

Our  BEGONIAS 

Are  also 


FLOWERS. 


CALCEOLARIAS  and  CINERARIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many  thousands  of  lovely 
little  plants,  and  of  the  best  strain  in  the  world,  is.  6d.  per 
dozen  ;  io5.  per  loo,  post-free.    In  small  pots,  zj.  6fl?.  per  dozen  ; 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


Bl«W<#^a«%fW£& 


356 


THE       GARDENERS'      CHRONICLE.  [September  19,  .sss- 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.- 
The  best  =.Dd  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quahty  guaran- 
teed ,!  id.  per  bushel  (i6  cakes),  bd.  per  bushel  package 
"aices  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  iJ.  %d.  Trade  supph-.d 
"mORLE  and  CO.,  Manufacturers,  ChM^HiU  Fart,,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  i,  Feiichurch  Street,  London,  CA,. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4,f.  per  bushel ;   too  for  2vr  ;  truck  (loose  about  2  tons), 

'  4,5J,  ■  4  bushel  hacs,  4,/.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     KIHROUS    PEAT,   s^.    6rf.    per    sack; 

c  sacks  2V!.  ;  >acks,  irf.  each. 
BLACK  KlBKUUo  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  s  sacks  22s.  :  sacks. 

COARSE. 'sTlVER  sand,  is.  91'.  per  bushel;  15J.  per  half 
Inn    561  oer  ton  in  2-bushel  ba2S,  4a.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij  per  bushel. 

SrA^^RETclRO^N  I'Trckt" VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS  &c..  Wr^e  for 
P„ce  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH  21,  Goldsmi^'s  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (laiely  called  17A,  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

nOCOA  -  NUTHmiRlT  REFUSE.-Best 

^  se\"t^o^ll''pr-•t"ck'°'--  ii«   to'Sa,rYE\\   a!.d 
LO.\M°-A.  FOULON.  32,  St.  Mjiy  Ai:e.  London.  E.C. 

I2-0Z.  sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 
TT'IBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.- 
J:  BROWN  FIBROUs;PEAT  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Slove  Plants.  &c.,;{^6  6s.  per  Truck.  liLAC^.l■IRROU^PEAI, 
f  r  Rhododendrous.  A2alea..,  Healhs.  American  Plant  B=d<  .5  . 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  bag.  5'-  :  5  B^=s,  21..  td.  .  10  Baas, 
Hs.  Bags  included.  Fresh  Sl-HAGNUM,  los.  id.  per  Bag  , 
SILVER  SAND.  C  .arse  or  Fine.  52!  P"  l.'uck  "1  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Faniboroueh  blalion.  Hams. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  PitrT  Mitr.ALS. 
OuaSty  THE  BEST  In  tlic  Market.    (All  sacks  included  ) 

vS  Al-    best  hio»n  fibrous    ..   4>-  ".  P=r  sacit  ;  5  sacks  for  201. 

PMT:  W  black  fibrous     .., I- f"J.  ..  5  sacks  lor  ,5'. 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Oi  chid    51.6/.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .      1 

PREPARED  COMPOST. best  I.,^  t^^^.  (sacks  included). 

I,EA F  MOULD,  best  only  .. 

PF,AT  MOULD >  1,  if,„„  „    ,„„ 

SILVERSAND,  coarse,  is.  3^.  pei  bush.,  i2..haif  ton,  22i,ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only..         ..         ■■     is.  per  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOl  H.  hnest  imported         . .     8-/.  b.,  ,8    b.    8r. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sjcca  u^    8rf.  lb.,  2S  lb.  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  hnest  Milltrack..      js.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  thubb's  special  process), 
saikr  IS  each;  10  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  13s.;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 
,0  sacks.  25s  ;  40  sacks,  3°s.  Truck-load  loose,  free  on  rail, 
2-s  Limited  quantities  of  O.,  special  quality.  granuLated,  in 
sacies  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL.  LONDON.  E. 

genuTne  garden  requisites, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUr  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4.bushtl  Bags, 
IS  each  ■  30  for  25s.— bags  included  ;  2tnn  Truck,  Iree  on  KaU, 
25,.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5..  P" 
Sack  ■  5  lor  32s.  id.:  10  lor  35s.  ;  "-o  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  M.  per  Sack;    5  ^'>' ^<"J-    lo  for  30s. 

i^/    npr   Ih    ■     281b      "iS   \     CWt  ,    70S.        UNEbl     l(»BAl_t.U 

IMOTH  si  perib  ;  281b.  for  iSs.  LE\F-MOULD,  5s. 
pe^Sack.  PEAT  MOULD.  41.  per  S.,ck  YELLOW 
tIRROlIS  LOAM  3s.  per  S-ck.  CHARCOAL,  as.  6,/.  per 
B^fhel  ;  Sacls  t?^each.'  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&>-      LIST  Free      Special  Prices  to  the  1  rade  for  Cash. 

W  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  ExcHange  Warehouses, 

■       Souihwaik  Slreel,  S.E.  (ne.ir  London  bridge). 

YOU  CAIll  IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARASITES  that  infest  Trees  and  Plants 

(w/iellwr  at  the  ruuh  or  uil  the  ftihu.jrj  bij  usmlj 

FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  (il^?^) 

a™-".    ;;r..i::K;;,"'«""-:i  ■;;*•■= 

Bhick  Fly  ,11    1,,-.,  t    1  .'-ts    111-,,    six.f.hly     ^"rxp 

Woolly  Aphis    .  l..:iii  .1  by  tho  use  of  Fir  Tree    Red  Spider 
Grubs  '-^''-      Eflectual,    Economical,    Caterpillars 

.  ami  Sate.     It  does  not  injure    |y|j|jg^ 

Atifs  Fluiv.Ts.  Foliage,  or  the  bloom     _      ,      „^ 

Worms  ,  on  Cir.ipes,  Stone  Fruit,  ic.      -  S^^*"'  '"^• 

FIR  TREE  OIL  destroys  Lice  and  Fleas  on  Animals;  it 
trill  cure  Jiinr/wo7-m  ami  all  SHn  Diseases  produced  hy 
Farusites,  and  is  perfectly  harmless  to  the  Hands  4-  Skin. 
Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists.  1  1;.  2/fl.  and  4/6  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  33.  extra.  I'er  gallon  l-j  6.  or  less  in  larger  quantities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL.  as  an  INSECTICIDE,  its 
application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester, 

Wliolesalei-HOOI'KR  \-  CO  ;  COERY'.  SQPEE.  FOWLER 

AND  CO.;   C.  E.  OSMAN  4i  CO.;  and  from  all  the  London 

Seed  Merchants  and  Wholesale  Patent   Medicine    Houses. 

New  York :— EOLKEE  &  SONS. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gatdeners  since  1859  aeainst  Red  Spider,  Mildevv, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  tne 
l^:;°5rl:??.hru^"  T,\S  ;-lr!d"in"a?herf.^m''r  S'e°a.au,st 
American  Blifiht.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intcnoea  to 
supersede  it.      Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  6*^. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  th«  J t^;^,!: 
Wholesale  fiom  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London.  .     _ 

AND  and  PEAT.-Best  SILVER  SAND, 

„rf  per  cwl.  Bag;  best  selected  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
-ell-nt  dilto,  3S.  per  3  bushel  Sack.  Cheaper  by  the 
"yard.     Liberal    terms  to   the   Trade  and    Gentlemen  s 


s 


Sarde 


^'bRINKWORTH  and  SONS,  Reading. 


KAFFIA,  RAFFIA.-A  Special  Parcel,  o 
food  Quality,  in  small  bales,  consigned  to  us  Irora 
gooo  quaiiiy.   im  _AnDlv  to  the  Importers. 

Madagascar,  to  be  Sold  at  once^— Appiy  10  *'"=      ..*:...„    w  r 
MAKENDAZ  AND  FISHER,  .lames  it..  CoventOard.n,  w.t.. 


TO    THE    TRADE. 

C0RRY,80PER,  FOWLER  &  CO. 

DRIED     FLOWERS, 

COLOURED   GRASSES  and  BOUyUETS, 

PAMPAS         PLUMES, 

BULRUSHES,     PALMS, 

WREATHS     and      CROSSES 

(in  Dried  Flo*ers.  Metal,  and  Porcelain,  in  ereat  variets ),  also 

WREATH  and  CROSS  CASES, 

in  all  the   New   Patterns. 

An  Inspection  Solicited. 


13,    FINSBURY    STREET, 

LONDOM,     EC. 

C GARDEN   REC^UISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
J      Virgin    Cik.     Ra'lfia    Mais.     Bamboo     Cane<,     Rustic 
Worn.    Manuies.  &c.      Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90,  Lower  Thames jt^  London,  t.c. 
Under  the  PaWonage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


palm  belore  all  olher  plant  labels,  as  the  very  hri 
Samples  and  Price  -Lists  free. 
J    SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Sliatford-. 


r^RCHlD  BASKETS,  RAFTS,  BOATS,  tS;c., 

\J  including  Copper  Pins  and  Wires.  3  ■ncl.es.  4,  6./  ; 
3J4  inches,  5S.  :  4  inches,  5S..W  :  4K  iDches,  fi.  bd  ,  5  u  ches 
^?.id  ,  6  uches,  8s.  id.  :  7  inches,  los  6</.  :  8  in.  he-,  .as.  id 
o  inches,  MS.  id  ;  10  inches,  17s.  W.:  11  inches,  21s.  6^.  . 
■  2  inches.  11,1. id.  Rafts  id..  Boats  .H/ .Cylinders  2^.  per 
inch  run.   Samples  of  twelve  Baskets,  Raft,  Boat,  and  Cylinder, 

'^J    E  BONNY,  88,  Downs  Park  Road.  Hackney.  London.  E  , 
Grower  of  the  leading  Varieties  of  Orchids. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


Roshers  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PAfJ^'^yi,^ 
■       in     maleiials    of     great     durability.       Ihe 

suUed'foVlC  rrC  H  E  N  ^^^^^ 
GARDENS,   as  they  har-      ja^J^a. 
hour    no    Slugs   or    Insects,         ---^'^ 
take   up    htlle    room,    and,  W 

once    put    down,  incur    no  j*^^-^ 

further    labour  or  expense,  '^- 

as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 

very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.    ROSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Ground 

Street,    Blackfriars,    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chelsea,    S.W.  ; 

''Aient"''fo''r°UWKER'S  PATENT  -ACME-  FRAMES, 
PI  ANT  COVERS  and  PROPAGATING  ROXES  :  also 
L   FOXLEY'S    P.ATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

lllu.lraied  Price  LISTS  F.ee  by  PoK.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVTnG  TILES, 
lor  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Linmg  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Balhs.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Siahle 

Paving  of  Kieat  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  l.les 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  greai  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI     L     V.     E     R  S     AND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
P  ts  10  any  Railway  Station.     Sample,  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
Fl  I  NTS  and  BK  ICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 

f'  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N  B  — O.de.s  promptly  ex-jcuted  bv  Rail  or  to  Whaivcs. 

A  liberal  Divcounl  to  llie  Trade. 


21-OZ.   Foreign  of  the  above  sires, 

jds  and  4lhs  qualities,  always  kept  m 

A  large  stock    of  similar   current 


1  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 

ock. 

izes  ol   IB-OZ.   glass  in 

and  all   Miscellaneous 


Gla 


GEOBOE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34  St.  John's  street.  West  Smithfleld,  London,  EC. 

'Sl«ct  UU  awJ  fr,c,s  on  afCl.raCwn.     lJ.sole  ChramcU. 


H 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary-     ^,,„,. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwo.k.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Af.iri  ) 


Ml  tafer. 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORI.A    WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTO.'^  ; 

And  139  and  14.,  Cannon  Sueet,  London,  E.C. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOB    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTErIvAGON   CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Scats,  &c  , 

at  t.\tretuely  moderate  prices. 
Full  piitculais  may  be  had  on  apphcation  to 

ALFRED  SLATER.  General  Manager.  GLOUCESTER. 


Ralfla  Fibre. 

J     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  have  a  laige 
.     Slock,  and  are  offering  at  reduced  price;.     Samples  atd 
particulii  s  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  E  C. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  wo.k.  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Adveriiseis.  ana 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  cLslle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  ts.  id.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  id.  per  gallon  carnage  paid  (o  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom, 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 
•■  Pierce  field  Purk,  June  21,  1876.— bus,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adoress  a  lilack  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Vainish  as  ihe  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefleld  Paik,  Chepstow.— I  am,  Su-s,  yours  re- 
spectlully.  Wm.  Cox  •■  .  . 

C^i/r/OA'.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against   the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  mucn 


rticle  of  common  use  on  most 
I  for  upwards  of  thiny  years  : 


advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an 

of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdo„  .-.  _,. 

and  iheir  constantly  increasing  tiade  m  it,  and  Ihe   --.— 

Testimonials  they  receive  slamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca,k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
^tl?g"n'u:fra.'ed=C^rAl"0Gul^r?:no^rHuriles.  Field 
and  kntiauce  Gates.  &C-,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HtLL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G.  ;  and  73,  LlmbanK 
Street,  Glasgow. 


September  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


357 


CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GEOUND     STEEET,     LONDON,     S.E., 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  \e^th  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hol-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


%    f;,!/^" 


wmm 


IT P-        -T" 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 

CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(lale  T.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co  ), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 
^  CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  Mansion  House 
Buildings. 
Horticultural  Builders  in  Wood 
tt  or  Iron. 

>^'    Hot-water    Heating    Engineers   and 
^M-  Boiler  Makers. 

l'^^    Best  Workmanship  and  Materials. 
K^  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


CARSON'S 


PAINT. 


PATRONISED       BY 
HER  MAJESTY  the  QUEEN.      H.R.H.  the  PRINCE  of  WALES.      H.R.H.  the  DUKE  of  EDINBURGH. 

The  British  Government.  The  Indian  Government.  The  Colonial  Governments.  15,000  of  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Clergy. 

IS  EXTENSIVELY  USED  FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 


1  Cwt.  and  Oil  Mixture 

Carriage  Free. 

Discount  for  Cash. 


NON-POISONOUS  PAINTS 

for  Inside  Work, 

Conservatories,  &c. 


OUTDOOR       ^^^ORK. 

IT    IS    SPECIALLY    APPLICABLE    TO 

WOOD,  IRON,  BRICK,  STONE,  and  COMPO,  CONSERVATORIES,  GREENHOUSES,  FRAMES,  (Sc. 

SOLD    IN    ALL    COLOURS.      PRICES,    PATTERNS   of  BOTH   PAINTS,  and   TESTIMONIALS    FREE. 


WALTER      CARSON      &      SONS, 

LA    BELLE    SAUVAGE    YARD,    LUDGATE    HILL,    LONDON,  E.G.,  and    BACHELORS'    WALK,    DUBLIN. 


;^    S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

"  '       HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


THE     IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULIC    RAM. 

Tl  IS  useful  "~  II  1  t  nt;  Apt  rit  is  wl  i  h  works  thv  ind  n  fl  t  without  npc  I  ng  itl  nt  on  w  11  msc  witer  to 
any  height  or  di  nnti-  without  cost  for  labour  or  nutm  pow  r  where  i  few  fftt  fill  c-in  be  obt-uned,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 


1         54^^J' 

r 

y^^l^f^MtSSt 

^s 

No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Po 

No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Steam  Power.  [Gardens    &c 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 

No.  49,7.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 

No.  50  and  S4<2.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 

No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  SucUon. 

«7A^'c-2^w^,?.A^o  CO  -Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
Hvnc^M^c^u'^'f?;  ^,^S-^^^°  APPARATUS,  B.ATHS.  DRYING  CLOSETS,  GASWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES.  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  part  or  the  Country.       Ptam  and  EMmates  furni7ked. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  S4^.  THE    CA.SSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed   for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 
No.  39*.   IMPROVED  HOSE  REELS    or  CoiUng  up  Long  Lengths  of   Hose  for 

Garden 


358 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[September  iq,  iS 


BEAUTIFUL 


TLOWEES 


AT    CHRISTMAS 

May  be  secured  by  planting 


SUTTON'S 


FORCING  BULBS 


For  Prices  and  full  particulars  see 


SUTTON'S 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE, 


Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


ALL  GOODS  CARRIAGE  FREE 

(If  of  203.  value). 


liMnvdom 


SEEDSMEN   BY   ROYAL  WARRANTS 

To  Her  Majesty  the  ,  Queen,    and 

H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


H 


YACINTHS,  EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN. 

—  May  be  hid  in  bloom  before  Cliristmas.     The  best 
pure  White  fur  Forcing.     Fine  bulbs  now  ready. 

RIS  K^MPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent shades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  countiy,  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lover  of  A.-iwers.  It  is  by  far  ibe 
largest    flower     nf    this  fainiiy.  with  most   striking 


IXIA  CRATEROIDES  —  Brilliant  Crimson. 
This  is  about  the  most  showy  of  this  useful  family 
of  Bulbs. 

IXIA  VIRIDIFLORA— amost  uncommon 
colour  amongst  flowers  —  very  btrikiog,  being 
a  decided  green  with  black  eye.  Also  many  other 
varieties  of  Ixia,  a  family  which  only  requires  to  be 
more  widely  known  to  be  grown  as  largely  as  the 
Tulip  or  Hyacinth. 

L ILIUM  CANDIDUM— the  Old  White 
Garden  Lily.  Fine  Bulbs  now  ready  for  Plauting 
or  Forcing. 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS  —  in  great 
variety— Choice  and  Common. 

SCILLA  SIBI RICA.  — This  charming  rich 
Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop,  to 
which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 

WHOLESALE     BULB     CATALOGUE 

for   prices  of  abive.  and   all  other  varieliei  of  DUTCH  and 
ENGLISH  ISULBS.    May  be  had  on  application. 


W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

13,  EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 


SURPLUS  STOCK. 
ISAAC  DAVIS  &  SON 

Have  to  offer  the  following  Plants,  in  which 
they  abound,  at  reduced  prices.  All  the  stuff 
is  well-grown  and  in  fine  condition  for  safe 
removal  ; — 

RHODODENDRONS.  Hybrid  Seedlings,  selected  when  in 
flower  and  the  colour  labelled  00  each  plant,  good 
bushy  plants,  mostly  with  buds,  2%  to  3J2  feet  high, 
24^.  to  365.  per  dozen. 

,,  Hybrid  Seedlings,  mt  selected,  but  of  various  c-^Iours, 
bushy  plants,  iJ4  to  2  feet,  12 j.  per  dozen,  £^  per 
100  :  larger,  very  fine,  181.  to  341.  per  dozen,  jt,6  lot. 
to  £,g  per  100  ;  extra  large  bushes,  3  to  4?^  feet,  301. 
to  42f,  per  dozen.  Most  of  these  are  well  set  with 
buds. 

,,  Seedlings  from  the  best  named  sorts  (including  early- 
bboming  seedlings),  in  great  variety  of  colour,  good 
bushy  plants,  i  to  1%  foot,  8j.  per  dozen,  505.  per  100, 
many  with  flower-buds. 

, ,  choice  named  kinds  (including  numerous  beautiful  varieties 
of  our  own  raising),  fine  bushy  plants,  ijj  to  3  feet 
high,  mostly  well-set  with  buds,  3Ci.,  40J.,  50J.,  to 
60s.  per  dozen. 

HOLLIES,    &c. 

The  folloii-'in^  carry  fine  halhof  roots,  aiidare  in  excellent 

condition  for  removal : — 
HOLLY,    Hodgins',  fine   bushy  trees.  2,  3  to  i,%  feet  high, 
25.  td.,  35.  td ,  to  5J.  6i/.  each. 
„     Variegated,  of  sorts,    \%  to  5  feet,  is.  6^.,  w.  6(/.,  31.  6i., 

Sr. ,  to  75.  each. 
„     Common  Green,  fine  bushy  trees,  1 J4  to  i%  and  3  feet,  6i., 
9J.,  to  121.  per  dozen. 
BOX,    Handsworth,  fine  bushy  trees,  2  to  3  feet,  51.  to  8j.  per 

dozen.  ;  1%  to  (%  feet,  gr.  to  241.  per  dozen. 
ANDROMEDA   FLORIBUNDa.  thick  bushes,  1^102  feet 
high,  4!i  to  5J4  feet  in  circumference,  iSj.  per  dozen  ; 
densely   covered    with    flower-buds,    is.    each,    iis. 

DAPHNE  MEZEREUM,  Red,  iH  to  1  feet,  is.  td  to  4^.  per 
dozen  :  2  to  3  feet,  very  bushy,  ^d.  to  \s.  6./.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM  (home-grown),  from  seed  of  our  own 
saving,  good  flowering  Bulbs,  gr.  to  xis.  per  dt^iin. 

POPLAR,  Golden,  6  to  8  feet  high,  is.  to  ti.  each.  The 
beautiful  golden  foliage  makes  this  a  most  desirable 
tree  for  mixing  with  other  ornamental  trees. 

THORNS.  Flowering,  CHmbing  ROSES.  RETINOSPORAS, 
AUCUBAS.    Hardy    HEATHS  of  sorts,  and  other 
stock,  which  we  hold  in  large  quantities,  and  now 
offer  at  reduced  prices  to  clear  ground, 
CATALOGUE  with  sizes  and  prices  on  application. 

PLANTS    SUITABLE    FOR    POTTING. 

RHODODENDRONS,  Hybrid  Seedlings  of  various  colour?, 
covered  with  buds,  bushy  plants,  1  to  2  feet  high,  151. 
per  dozen,  ;C5  per  100. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  Seedlings,  from  some  of  the  best  varieties, 
distinct   light  and  dark  colours,    each  colour    kept 
separate,  bushy  plants,    i  to  1^    foot   high,  ten  to 
fifteen  buds  on  each,  91.  per  dozen,  551. .  per    100, 
^;5  yer  1000. 
,,     PONllCA.  bushy  plants,  I  to  i^  foot  high,  well-budded, 
i,s.  to  6j.  per  dozen  ;  larger,  qi.,  i2f.,  to  \%s.  per  dcz. 
,,     DAVISU.     beautiful     trusses     of     white    sweet-scented 
flowers,  best  of  all  for  forcing  \  fine  plants,  well- 
budded.  241.  to  30f .  per  dozen. 
„     AVALANCHE,  pure  white  sweet-scented  flowers,  very 
compact  and  bushy  habit ;  good  plants,  well  budded, 
■2S.  td.  each,  24s.  per  dozen. 
PERNETIVA  SPECIOSA  (our  own  variety),  quite   hardy, 
beautiful  pink    berries ;    good   plants   covered    with 
berries,  15.  each,  lOJ.  per  dozen. 

All  Goods  Free  on  Rail,  but  a  moderate  charge  will 
be  made  for  package. 


Caih  or  re/a 


c  from  unknown  correspondents. 


ORMSKIRK,    LANCASHIRE. 

CLAPTON      NURSERY.      LONDON.      E, 
Bush  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 


i-named    Nurseries  are  cultivated 

s,    Azaleas,    Bouvardias,    Camellias.    Climbing 

en,  Epacris.  Ericas,  Ferns,  Ficus,  Flowering  and 


At  the  ab( 
large  quautii 
Plants.  Cycia 

Decorative  Plants  in  variety  ;  Fruit  Trees,  Garden 
Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  ia  variety  ;  Palms,  Pelarsoni- 
ums.RhcMJodendrons.  Roses,  Shrubs,  Stove  Plants  in  variety,  &c. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. —The  stcck  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy 
to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent 

The  Glass  Structure  cover  an  area  of  246,000  feet  superficial. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 

Horticulture  to 


B  U  L  B        QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  LIST  of  MISCELLANEOUS  BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  e.vclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  iuUy  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   Wliitc  and  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Christmas  and  Easter 

Decoration. 

CARTEKS'  EarUest  Wilte  Roman  HYACINTHS. 

Per  100.  15s.  ;  per  dozen,  -a.  3<t. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  I03,  II J.  td.  ;  per  dozeD,  is.  <}</. 

CARTERS'  Paper-White  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  Hi.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  ir.  gtt. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yello-w  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  100,  5s.  6il  ;  per  dozen,  icl 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  ICO,  31.  6J. 

CARTERS'  Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 


All    Parcels    Carriage    Free. 


r^ARTERS'       COLLECTIONS, 

yj  SELECTED  FROM  THE  ABOVE  BULBS.— 
A,  price  sr.  ;  B,  price  js.  6d. ;  C,  price  i6j.  All  forwarded, 
packing  free,  per  Parcel  Post. 


FOR    Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUE    of     BULBS, 
ROSES.  &c  ,  gratis  and  post-free. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 
Warrant  to 
'-,    K  y e  'u    A     His  Royal  Highness  the 

cxyiyixyciJ      prince  of  wales. 

High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


"  s   I 


Tbe  Grand  New  Narcissus. 

R  W    A    T    K    1    N." 

s.  each,  215.  per  dozen,  i6oj.  per  lor. 
and  finest  known.     First-class  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society. 
:  CATALOGUE  post-free.    Plant  a 


JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Ne 


i"Nu 


.  Cherl 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  of  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously. ' ' 

(See  Gardeners*  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Now   being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.   and  loj.  6d.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cukivation,"  II. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "List  of   New,   Rare,    and  Choice 


Ferns,"  free. 
Descripti\ 


'  HardvNo 


iFekns 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


®lb(g8t:iblic.|ici>.' 


SUPERB    QUALITY. 

|V^lu  tJick  of  gjollanb. 


Prices  very  moderate. 

jfrce  2)eltver(e3. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

( /IhistraleJ ). 


gltliablc  alUiape.  Address  in  full— 

F.^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
^be  (Siueen's  Seedsmen,    > 
GHESTEI^.    


SEPTIM,.,  1,,  isis.)  THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


!59 


WEBBS'  EARLY 
FORCIN£BULBS, 

For  Prices  and  Cultural  Instructions, 
see  the  New  Edition  of 

^EBBS' 


BULB    CATALOGUE 


For 

1885. 


NOW  BEADY. 
Gratis  &  Post-free. 


For 

1885. 


All  BULBS  are  Delivered  Free  by  Post  or  R.iil. 
5  per  cent.  Discoiuit  for  Cas/i. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn 

per  bushel  of  14  cakes  5J. 
Per  cake,  td.  ;  per  cake,  free  by 

i'arcel  Post.  is. 
For  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries, 

Upper  Holloway.  London,  N. 


CHOICE     IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  2IJ-.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  6d.  to  ^4  45. 


ROSES,  9^.  per  dozen.       A   big   stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  &^c ,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

STRAW  BERRIES, 


RARE  and  BEAUTIFUL 
HARDY  PLANTS. 


As  a  present  to  a  friend  they  may  be  presented  without 
any  fear  of  their  being  already  in  possession  of  these  magni- 
ficent flowering  plants  now  offered  :  the  gift  will  therefore 
be  found  to  c  ntain  exceptionally  welcomed  strangers,  still 
more  especially  so  when  viewed  next  season  habited  in  their 
uncommon  style  of  beautiful  Horal  array. 

If  one  or  more  plants  only  are  wanted  we  offer  them  in- 
dividually ^prices  as  respectively  affixed. 

Or,  if  the  set  of  si.x  is  wanted,  we  are  open  to  deliver  same 
to  any  Railway  Station  in  the  United  Kingdom,  carriage 
paid  and  \  acklng  free,  for  the  special  reduced  figure  of  24^. 

N.  B.  —This  special  offer  only  refers  to  this'  advertisement, 
which  will  not  be  repeated. 


HABENARIA  PYSCHODES, 

"It  li  not  a  fare  sight,  wktn  well  treated,  to  see  it 
reach  from  t,  to  i,  f'. et  tn  trea^ht,  a  bto-e  of  lc/oui  Or- 
dmarily  It  stmt^  ,/<  i  >'<-!  ifi  •)  i  u  t  in  uiift/  tlu 
upperpa,toJ-i  ,,-.   -(  ;.  / 

furflejlov-ers  -  >t,     V, 

divisions  0/ tlu  1    "'i(>     /' 

floioersmju.  ■  .h 


RED-FLOWERED   YUCCA 

(Hesperaloe  yuccsefolla). 

The  white-flowered  Yucca  is  well-known. 

It  is  obvious  then  what  a  pleasing  sight  it  must  be  to 
view  a  Yucca  4  to  5  feet  high,  with  long,  magnificent 
spikes  of  orange-red  flowers.     15.^  and  21J.  each. 


HELONIAS    BULLATA. 

This  rare  species  is  foimd  in  its  native  habitat  in  thick 
Woods,  so  7viii  make  a  luost  valuable  addition  to  our 
comparatively  few  English  Jl<ywers  that  will  thrive  and 
bloom  uudcrjieatk  tlie  shaae  of  trees. 

Flower  -  stem  from  i  to  2  feet  high ;  colour  of 
bloom  reddish-purple.  We  would  strongly  recommend 
all  our  patrons  who  have  shady  nooks  or  trees  under 
which  nothing  seems  to  bloom,  to  give  this  lovely 
stranger  a  trial,     -^.s.  6d,  and  ^s.  6d-  each. 


PYXIDANTHERABARBATULA 

•' First  a»i,uii  07*y  ireasurfs  is  the  delicate  Pyxic, 
a  little  prostrate,  trailing  evergreen,  forming  dense 
tufts  or  masses,  and  among  its  small  dark  green  and 
reddish  leaver  are  thickly  scattered  the  rose-pink  buds 
and  white  /'.'i'iicww."— Garden.     3^-.  td.  each. 


DIELYTRA   CHRYSANTHA. 


And  yet  such  a  valuable  add; 
growing  s  to  6  feet  high  and  prod 
golden-yellow  blooms,  at  the  same  tir 
delicious  and  enchanting  odour,     41. 


might  be  put  down  i 
has  been  discovere( 


TRITOMA    SAUNDERSI. 


both 
gardi 
To  imagini 


is  a  new  and  immense  variety  of  the  w( 
*'  Poker  Plant,"  altogether  eclipsing,  howev 
furm  and  bloom,  those 


til  the  flo 


Fur  other  r.irc  and  "  beautiful  PLANTS,  BULBS. 
HARDY  ORCHIDS,  seeour  I  ILLUSTRATED  AUTUMN 
CATALOGUE  of  FLORAL  GEMS,  gratis  and  post-free 
on  applicationi  wherein  will  be  found  offered  many  mar- 
vellously beautiful,  rare,  and  curious  species  not  to  be  found 
offered  in  any  other  English  Catalogue. 

Whilst  as  regards  the  Popular  Dutch  Bulbs,  it  will  be 
seen  that  our  Prices  are  as  low  as  any  of  the  Dutch  Houses 
of  respectability — the  size  and  qualities  being  also  ex- 
ceptional. 

To  planters  therefore  who  wish  to  "save"  expense  we 
would  certainly  solicit  a  perusal  of  our  Catalogue  ere 
ordering  elsewhere. 


VICCARS  COLLYER  &  CO., 

BULB  MERCHAKTS,  &"r  , 
CENTRAL     HALL,     LEICESTER, 

(where  all  letters  are  to  he  addressed),  and 

Central  Nurseries,  Glenfleld,  near  Leicester. 
A.  W.  CREWS,  Manager. 


T^ 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    19,    1885. 


THE    ROSE    IN    1S85. 

COMPARISONS  are  odious,"  but  never- 
theless, when  Rose  enthusiasts  meet 
together  and  talk  over  the  results  of  the 
previous  campaign,  they  are  apt  to  have 
very  dift'erent  opinions  as  to  the  character 
of  a  Rose  season,  and  such  is  poor  human 
nature,  that  U  is  very  frequently  the  case 
that  that  judgment  is  influenced  by  the 
character  of  the  blooms  in  the  garden  of  the 
speaker.  If  from  day  to  day  he  has  been  in 
the  habit  of  looking  at  luxuriant  foliage  and 
fine  blooms,  he  eventually  comes  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  season  is  a  good  one  ;  while,  on 
the  other  hand,  if  he  has  had  his  plants 
smothered  with  aphis,  or  devoured  by  greenfly, 
the  bud-worm,  or  dusted  over  with  orange 
fungus,  he,  in  giving  his  opinion,  declares, 
"Never  had  a  worse  season."  In  looking  at 
our  prospects  as  Rose  growers  before  the 
blooming  season  commenced,  I  ventured  to  say, 
that  unless  the  unforeseen  happened,  we  should 
have  a  first-rate  season.  Well,  I  do  not  think 
it  came  up  quite  to  that  high-water  mark,  but  I 
should  unhesitatingly  pronounce  it  to  be  the  best 
we  have  had  for  some  years;  the  long-continued 
dry  weather,  combined  with  excessive  heat,  just 
prevented  its  being  a  model  season,  for  seeing 
a  good  many  Rose  gardens  as  I  do,  and  visiting 
as  large  a  number  of  Rose  shows  as  the  brief 
Rose  season  will  permit  me  to  do,  in  the  capacity 
of  judge,  I  am  not  confined  to  the  inspection 
of  my  own  garden,  but  form  my  judgment,  be  it 
accurate  or  not,  on  a  very  wide  and  extensive 
area,  beginning  in  our  south-eastern  district  late 
in  June,  and  ending  with  Darlington  in  the  end 
of  July.  I  have  seen  Roses  in  the  most  varied 
conditions  of  soil  and  climate,  and  am  justified 
in  calling  it  a  brilliant,  although  from  the  intense 
heat  a  brief,  season.  I  am  now  writing  of  course 
of  exhibition  Roses  and  exhibitions,  although  it 
is  equally  true  of  garden  Roses,  of  which  I  hope 
to  have  something  to  say  ere  long. 

It  has  been  favourable  for  the  following 
reasons  :— The  winter  had  been  a  mild  one, 
following  on  a  fine  and  warm  autumn,  con- 
sequently, roseries  were  full  of  hard  well 
ripened  wood  ;  this  would  have  enabled 
them  to  resist  frost,  had  it  come,  but  it  did 
not.  And  although  we  had,  as  usual,  the  in- 
evitable late  frosts,  yet  they  were  not  so  de- 
structive as  in  many  years.  Then  it  was  a 
season  when  aphides  were  certainly  not  in  the 
ascendant;  inmyown  garden  and  those  of  several 
friends  whom  I  have  visited,  there  was  not  a 
vestige  of  one  to  be  seen  :  in  a  few  localities  in- 
deed it  was  otherwise — at  Aldminster,  near  Strat- 
ford-on-Avon,  they  were  unusually  abundant, 
and  at  Bishop  Stortford  I  was  told  by  a  very 
successful  Dahlia  grower  that  you  could  not 
walk  through  the  streets  without  being  covered 
with  them.  These,  however,  were  e-xceptions, 
as  the  rule  was  the  other  way.  Then  there  was 
no  disturbance  of  the  blooms  by  heavy  rains, 
or  indeed  by  rains  of  any  sort  :  for  weeks,  in 
many  parts  of  the  kingdom,  not  a  drop  fell, 
and     where     possible     watering    had    to    be 


36o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,  18 


resorted  to  ;  but  those  who  know  how  de- 
structive to  good  blooms  is  heavy  rain,  must 
have  felt  its  absence  a  great  advantage. 
Against  these  advantages  must  be  placed  the 
lon^  and  severe  drought,  and  the  very  hot 
weather  at  the  latter  part  of  July  ;  this  reduced 
the  length  of  time  in  which  Roses  were  really 
good  very  considerably,  and  after  the  middle  of 
July  most  growers  in  the  southern  parts  of  the 
kingdom  were  hors  de  combat ;  very  few  made 
their  appearance  at  Birkenhead,  and  only  one 
at  Darlington,  and  although  many  were  anxious 
to  do  so  they  found  it  quite  impossible. 

With  regard  to  the  quality  of  the  Roses  exhi- 
bited it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  we  are 
yearly  becoming  more  exacting,  and  raising  the 
standard  both  as  to  frei^hness  of  colouring  and 
size.  I  sometimes  think  over  the  stands  that 
Mr.  Hedge,  of  Colchester,  used  to  exhibit 
twenty  years  ago,  and  which  used  to  astonish 
people  then,  and  I  anj  convinced  that  were  they 
to  be  placed  alongside  of  those  exhibited  now  by 
Messrs.  Slaughter, W.  Haywood,  Hall,  Whitwell, 
Pemberton,  and  other  amateurs,  we  should  be 
surprised  at  the  immense  difference.  It  may  be 
questionable  whethertoo  much  stress  maynot  be 
laid  upon  size,  and  whether  in  the  endeavour  to 
obtain  that  we  may  not  be  degenerating  into 
coarseness.  Looking  at  the  Roses  which  have 
been  exhibited  during  the  past  season,  I  feel 
pretty  confident  that  the  amateurs  were  better 
than  the  nurserymen,  and  that  it  would  have 
been  difficult  for  the  latter  at  South  Kensington 
to  have  beaten  the  former  ;  at  the  same  time  I 
do  not  think  there  was  exhibited  this  year  any 
stand  of  which  one  could  say  "  What  a  wonder- 
ful stand  of  Roses  that  is!"  Nor  did  I,  as  a 
rule,  see  any  Rose  stand  up  prominently  above 
its  fellows,  claiming  attention  and  asserting  its 
superiority  ;  at  the  same  time  I  think  it  must 
be  conceded  that  there  were  fewer  mediocre 
blooms  exhibited  than  in  previous  years  ;  the 
much  neater  arrangement  of  the  boxes,  the 
better  manner  in  which  the  Roses  were  sup- 
ported, and  the  staging  quality  of  the  blooms, 
endorsed  the  fact  that  the  secrets  of  Rose 
growing  are  better  understood,  and  that 
exhibitors  have  not  attended  shows  in  vain, 
and  after  all  that  has  been  said  or  done,  we 
are  apparently  not  able  to  devise  anything 
better  than  the  old  regulation  stand,  svith  its 
green  moss,  bed  for  the  Roses.  There  was  at 
one  time  a  great  hubbub  about  using  something 
else,  and  the  advocates  of  black  velvet  were 
very  strenuous  in  their  exertions  to  get  it  allowed 
by  the  National  Rose  Society.  They  succeeded, 
but  its  warmest  advocates  have  since  given  it 
up  and  fallen  back  on  the  old  form  of  exhibiting. 
We  generally  find  that  one  Rose  in  a  season 
comes  exceptionally  fine,  and  the  palm  this  year 
must  be  given  to  Ulrich  Brunner,  a  very  large 
and  well  petalled  Rose,  which  has  been  very 
bright  and  good.  It  has  been,  as  might  have 
been  supposed,  a  grand  season  for  light  coloured 
Roses.  Such  flowers  as  Catherine  Soupert, 
Madame  Lacharme,  Monsieur  Noman,  Captain 
Christy,  La  France,  and  others  of  a  similar 
character,  have  come  out  uncommonly  well,  for 
in  wet  weather  they  get  soiled  and  stick  together, 
while  in  bright  sunny  weather  they  freely  display 
their  beauty.  A  light  coloured  Rose  that  did 
not  do  well  in  1885  is  never  likely  to  be  worth 
much.  It  was  not  a  year  for  A.  K.  Williams. 
Very  seldom  was  it  exhibited  in  good  form. 

As  to  the  quantity  of  Roses  exhibited  I 
imagine  it  never  was  greater,  if  so  great,  as  in 
the  past  year.  Formerly  it  was  no  uncommon 
thing  at  the  National  Rose  Society's  exhibitions 
for  many  piizes  to  be  unclaimed,  as  there  were 
no  exhibits.  It  is  not  so  now.  Every  class  is 
well  contested,  and  every  prize  claimed,  and 
this  I  find  to  be  nearly  the  same  with  provincial 
shows.  These,  too,  have  multiplied  exceed- 
ingly, so  that  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  Rose 
societies  are  started.  Some  have  an  ephemeral 
existence,  others  have   the  elements   of   per- 


manence, and  at  these  shows  the  immense 
number  of  Roses  exhibited  is  astonishing. 
There  is  one  thing  that  the  past  season  has 
done  for  such  societies  :  it  has  given  them, 
with  hardly  an  exception,  fine  weather  for  their 
exhibitions  ;  and  if  they  have  suffered  loss  this 
year  they  are  never  likely  to  be  successful.  The 
classes,  too,  at  these  provincial  shows  have 
greatly  increased  in  numbers,  so  that  a  very 
large  number  of  Roses  must  be  exhibited.  The 
two  shows  of  the  National  Rose  Society  were  a 
great  success,  that  at  South  Kensington  was 
probably  the  best  the  Society  has  ever  held ; 
but  even  there,  owing  to  the  hot  weather  imme- 
diately preceding  it,  a  large  number  of  exhi- 
bitors were  unable  to  fulfil  their  engagements 
and  dropped  out.  This  was  still  more  the  case 
at  Manchester  so  far  as  the  Southern  growers 
were  concerned,  but  withal  it  was  a  fine  show, 
and  as  far  as  my  experience  goes  the  same  may 
be  said  of  most  of  the  shows  throughout  the 
kingdom. 

New  Roses. 
Another  matter  which  is  always  of  interest  to 
Rose  growers  is  the  question  of  novelties, 
indeed  one  of  the  first  questions  one  is  asked 
is.  Were  there  any  good  new  Roses,  and  what 
are  they?  I  think  we  must  say  that  1SS5  has 
been  almost  barren  in  this  respect.  Taking 
the  Rose  lists  issued  last  autumn  by  the  French 
and  English  raisers,  it  is  somewhat  remarkable 
to  find  that  not  one  of  them  has  as  yet  made 
its  mark  —  all  the  high-sounding  names  and 
brilliant  descriptions  notwithstanding.  I  say  "as 
yet,"  for  it  is  very  rarely  that  a  decided  opinion 
can  be  given  on  a  new  Rose  the  first  year  of  its 
introduction,  it  is  so  forced  and  propagated 
that  it  has  hardly  a  fair  chance  of  developing 
its  true  character.  This  more  especially  refers 
to  the  foreign  raised  Roses.  Our  English 
raisers  have  net  the  same  difficulty  to  contend 
with,  and  will  not  exhibit  a  Rose  until  it  is  in 
good  form.  Mr.  H.  Bennett  has  made  a  suc- 
cessful hit  in  his  Mrs.  John  Laing,  which  ob- 
tained the  National  Society's  Gold  Medal  ;  it 
is  a  fine  deep  rose-coloured  flower,  something 
between  Mons.  Noman  and  Francois  Mi- 
chelon,  and,  I  think,  a  better  Rose  than  Her 
Majesty,  which  I  am  disloyal  enough  to  think 
will  be  too  coarse,  unless  caught  very  young. 
Alphonse  Soupert  promises  well,  but  that  is  all 
that  can  be  said  of  it.  Merveille  de  Lyon  was 
shown  in  large  numbers,  as  might  have  been 
expected  in  a  year  that  so  well  suited  it,  and 
when  put  right  it  is  without  doubt  the  finest 
white  Rose  we  have,  but  it  is,  unhappily,  too 
apt  to  show  its  eye,  and  there  was  not  a  stand 
of  twelve  shown  but  had  some  in  it  defective 
for  this  reason. 

There  are  two  Roses  which  must  be  un- 
masked— one,  Lusidas,  sent  from  Portugal,  and 
let  out  at  the  modest  sum  of  50  francs,  which, 
according  to  the  Journal  des  Roses,  is  simply 
our  old  friend  Celine  Forestier;  and  Gloire 
Lyonnaise,  which  was  described  as  a  yellow 
hybrid  perpetual.  It  was  sent  out  by  Guillot 
(fils),  of  Lyons,  a  raiser  to  whom  we  are  in- 
debted for  many  good  Roses,  amongst  others, 
La  France  ;  and  all  one  can  say  is,  that  if  it  be 
so,  the  climate  of  Lyons  is  more  adapted  for 
bringing  out  that  tint  in  Roses  than  that  of 
England.  Here  it  has  been  simply  a  Captain 
Christy  style  of  flower,  with  just  the  very  faintest 
suspicion  of  primrose  at  the  base  of  the  petals. 
Whether  this  is  the  commencement  of  a  fresh 
break  one  cannot  say,  but  as  a  yellow  hybrid 
perpetual  it  is  simply  a  "  take  in." 

It  is  amongst  that  lovely  class — the  Tea 
Roses — that  the  best  novelties  have  been 
brought  forward,  not  exactly  and  absolutely 
new,  for  Madame  de  Watteville,  Madame  Cusin, 
and  the  Hon.  Edith  Giffbrd,  and  Grace  Darling 
are  none  of  them  new,  but  all  are  acquisitions. 
The  first  is  a  most  distinct  Rose — white, 
shaded  with  rose,  and  with  the  deeper  colour 


edging  the  petals.  It  is  a  flower  of  great 
beauty,  substance,  and  perfume.  Madame 
Cusin  is  another  Rose  which  has  been  especially 
good.  Mr.  Cranston,  of  Lamport,  showed  a 
stand  of  it  at  Canterbury  which  will  not  soon 
be  forgotten  by  any  who  saw  it.  It  is  of  a 
rosy-purplish  tint,  vigorous  in  habit,  and  in 
every  way  a  desirable  Rose.  The  Hon.  Edjth 
Gifford  is  of  a  pale  flesh,  with  salmon-pink 
shading,  full  and  free  flowering.  Grace  Darling, 
another  of  Mr.  Bennett's  seedlings,  is  an  acqui- 
sition. Base  of  the  petals  creamy-white,  deeply 
tinted  and  shaded  with  pink,  very  vigorous, 
and  likely  to  prove  a  useful  Rose. 

Such  is  my  idea  of  the  past  season  ;  if  I  am 
wrong  about  it,  it  is  not  because  I  have  pre- 
sumed to  give  an  opinion  on  msufficient  data, 
but  must  be  set  down  to  error  of  judgment.  I 
have,  however,  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that 
it  is  one  shared  in  by  many  rosarians.  Wild  Rose. 


^UJ 


ONCIDIUM  CROCODILICEPS,  n.  sp* 
A  FINE  lictle  gem,  imported  from  Mexico  by  Mr. 
F.  Sander,  who  kindly  sent  it  to  me.  Its  bulbs  are 
light  green,  ultimately  much  wiiokled,  egg-shaped, 
a  little  ancipitous  on  each  side,  and  scarcely  exceed- 
ing a  strong  Hazel-nut  in  size  Leaves  cuneate- 
oblong,  acute,  very  strong.  Flowers  several  in  a  one- 
sided raceme,  as  large  as  those  of  Odontoglossum 
constrictum.  Bracts  short.  Mentum  well  developed. 
Sepals  and  petals  light  greenish-sulphur  coloured 
beautifully  striped  and  blotched  with  fine  cinnamon, 
the  stripes  longitudinal.  Lip  subcordate,  or  rounded 
at  the  ba?e,  ligulale-obovate,  blunt,  bilobed,  white, 
with  a  tuft  of  yellow  hairs  at  the  very  base,  an 
oblong  bilobed  velvet  callus  in  front.  There  are  five 
or  three  lilac  stripes  in  front  of  the  callus,  and  some 
lilac  spots  at  the  upper  part.  The  column  is  leochi- 
loid,  there  being  two  projecting  cartilaginous  arras 
on  the  sides  of  the  stigmatic  hollow,  sometimes 
much  developed,  in  other  cases  rather  shorter.  The 
inferior  part  is  hairy  on  the  sides,  including  a  nec- 
tarifluous  hollow.  The  anther  is  very  large,  compar- 
able to  a  broad  crocodile's  head.  H.  G.  Rchb,  /". 

Calanthe  colorans,  k.  sp.-\ 
Much  in  the  way  of  Calanthe  odora,  Griff.,  and  C. 
vaginata,  Lindl.  Kaceme  pyramidal,  elongate,  not 
at  all  corymboid,  as  in  C.  veratrifolia,  R.  Br.  It 
rises  from  the  newly  formed  leaves,  as  I  learn  by  the 
inexhaustible  kindness  of  Mr.  J.  Day,  my  oldest 
English  correspondent.  In  Calanthe  odora,  Griff.,  it 
rises  surrounded  by  the  vestiges  of  the  withered  leaves, 
bran-like  masses  of  old  vascular  bundles.  Sepals  and 
petals  while,  lip  first  white,  then  ochre,  with  calli 
of  gummigamboge  yellow.  Spur  shorter  than  pallid 
ovary,  generally  bidentate  at  the  apex.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  it  is  the  first  Calanthe  of  that  type  flowering 
in  Europe.  It  has  having  been  kindly  forwarded  by 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams.  H,  G,  Rchb.f. 

Dendrobium    infundibulum    {Lindl.)    carneo- 

PICTUM. 

The  Dendrobium  Jameslanum,  Rchb.  f.,  is  not 
distinguishable  from  D.  infundibulum,  Lindl.,  in  its 
red  paint  on  the  lip,  but  in  the  side-lohci  of  the  lip 
being  full  of  asperities,  and  a  distinct  shape  of  lip. 

•  Oncidium  crocodilkeps,  n.  sp.— Aff.  O.  (Leochilo)  tricuspid 
dato,  Rchb.  f.;  parvum;  pseudobulbis  diphyllis  ovoideis  demuni 
valde  rugosis,  imo  sulcatis  ;  foliis  geminis  cuneato  -  oblongis 
acutis  ;  racemo  paucifluro,  secundifloro,  memo  evoluto ;  seixilis 
ligulaiis  acutis;  tepalis  subsequatibus,  nunc  antice  dilatatis, 
labello  basi  subcordato  seu  roiundato,  oblongo  obovato  bilolw, 
disco  sericeo  in  basi,  callo  velutino  oblongo  anlicc  cmargmato 
anteposito  ;  rostcllo  bidenUlo ;  brachiis  columnae  oblongoli- 
gulatis  ad  foveam,  regione  inferiori  ad  margines  puberulo  velu- 
tinas  ;  fovea  nectariflua  interposita  ;  anthera  oblonga  maxima, 
basi  supra  pollinia  tumida.     t  Mexico.  H.  G.  Rclth,/. 

*  Calanthe  colorans,  n.  sp. — Foliis  cum  infloresccnlia  coaeta- 
neis ;  racemo  densiusculo  efongato ;  rhachi,  bracteis,  ovariis, 
sepalisque  extus  velutinis  ;  bracteis  ovato  triangulis  apicuiatU 
ovariis  pedicellatis  brevioribus  ;  sepalis  tepalisque  oblongis 
acutis.  labelli  laciniis  posticis  elHptico-acutis,  basi  suprema  in- 
terna vulgo  implicitis,  lacinia  antica  divergente  bifida,  laciniis 
quadratis,  seriebus  callorum  lernis  in  basi,  callis  ternis  posticis 
a  lateribus  compressis,  dorso  emarginatis  callis  anticis  acutis- 
3—5;  calcari  filiformi  apice  bidentato  ovarium  pcdiceUatum 
dimidium  subaequantis.  Fiores  candidi.  Labellum  demum 
ochraceum  callis  semper  xanthinis.  H,  G.  Rchb./, 


September  19,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


361 


Now,  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  sends  me  a  D.  infuudibulura 
that  has  a  nearly  flesh  colour  hue  on  the  lip,  a  thick 
central  line,  and  a  few  similar  streaks  on  the  sides.  I 
propose  to  give  it  the  just  mentioned  name.  It  also 
came  from  Birmah.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


SCHISMATOGLOTTIS 
PULCHRA. 

This  new  Bornean  Aroid  is  prettier  than  its  name. 
It  is  a  low-growing  species,  which  does  not  take  up 
much  room— an  object  with  gardeners  ;  and  its  glau- 
cous green  leaves  are  marbled  with  silvery  markings 
on  the  upper  surface,  the  lower  surface  been  green 
and  unspotted.  The  leaves  are  4 — 5  inches  long, 
by  I^ — 1\  wide,  cordate  lanceolate  acute.  It  is  an 
introduction  of  the  CompagnieContinentale  of  Ghent, 
to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  illustration  (fig.  76). 
It  requires  ordinary  stove  treatment,  and  would  be  very 
effective  in  front  of  taller-growing  species. 


ORCHIDS    AT    THE    WOOD- 
LANDS,  STREATHAM. 
Twenty- FIVE  houses  or  divisions,  each  aranged  to 
suit  the  habits  of  the  plants  contained  in  it,  whenman- 


their  good  condition  proves  that  the  care  bestowed  on 
the  planning  and  building  of  it  has  not  been  in  vain,  and 
that  the  many  contrivances  for  good  ventilation,  forlhe 
ensuring  of  aproper  temperature  well  in  command, and 
other  details  involving  much  additional  expense,  have 
secured  a  good  return,  The  first  division  is  occupied 
by  the  cold  Odontoglossums,  and  of  them  it  may  be 
said  that  there  is  not  a  sickly  plant  among  them, 
although  they  are  allowed  to  bloom  rather  heavily. 
When  grown  cool,  moist,  shady,  and  airy  as 
they  are  here,  the  flowering  is  rarely  followed  by 
the  ill  effects  which  result  where  they  are  kept  in 
more  heat.  The  collection  is  lich  in  fine  varieties 
of  O.  crispum  (Alexandra;)  and  O.  Pescatorei  and  a 
batch  of  fine  hybrids,  such  as  Wilckeanum,  O. 
Ruckerianiim,  O.  Andersonianum,  and  their  rare 
varieties  represent  a  sum  of  money  which  only  their 
owner,  who  had  the  pleasure  ol  paying  it,  could  guess. 
Overhead  in  the  Odontoglossum-house  hang  some 
scores  of  fine  masses  of  Cattleya  citrina,  which  do  mar- 
vellously well  here,  and  are  a  sight  when  in  bloom. 

The  next  division  is  rich  in  Masdevallias,  some 
wonderful  Harryanas  being  there,  among  them  being 
four  great  masses  of  the  rich  coloured  M.  H.  versi- 
color, some  rare  forms  of  the  blood-red  strain, 
and  several  plants  of  the  new  yellow  Harryana, 
which  is  so  effective  when  arranged  with  the  other 
kinds.     In    a   shady,    moist    corner    Odontoglossum 


Fig.    76. — SCHISMATOGLOTTIS    PULCHRA. 


aged  with  that  skilful  care  which  is  evidently  exercised 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  pretty  establishment  be- 
longing to  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  must  necessarily 
give  a  good  and  varied  show  of  flowers  at  all  seasons, 
and  the  history  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  such  a 
garden  speaks  in  no  uncertain  terms  of  the  pleasures 
to  be  found  in  gardening  when  it  is  well  carried  out. 
Always  noted  for  the  good  culture  of  whatever  has 
been  there  attempted,  step  by  step  The  Woodlands' 
garden  has  progressed  as  one  class  of  plants  after 
another  has  been  taken  in  hand,  and  new  houses 
built  for  their  accommodation,  until  at  present  it 
forms  one  of  the  best  examples  of  the  kind  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  London,  and  even  yet  it  is  growing, 
for  the  fine  ranges  of  neat  glass  structures  which  now 
occupy  the  two  sides  of  a  square,  it  is  contemplated 
to  continue  until  the  quadrangle  is  completed. 

Of  late  years  Orchids  have  been  added  to  the  col- 
lection, and  at  the  present  time  they  are  the  principal 
feature.  So  greatly  are  they  appreciated  that  they 
may  be  said  to  reign  at  The  Woodlands,  although 
they  are  not  allowed  to  encroach  too  much  on  the  fine 
specimens  of  Eucharis,  Anthurium,  and  other  beauti- 
ful flowering  and  foliage  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
which  formerly  held  sway,  and  which  are  so  well 
worthy  of  the  care  bestowed  on  them.  For  the 
new  extension  of  the  Orchid  branch  new  structures 
will  be  built  in  the  same  manner  as  the  pretty  span- 
roofed  range  which  was  formerly  sufficient  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  the  case.  Now  that  the  plants 
have   had   time  to   settle   down  in   this  new   range 


brevKolium  is  growing  well  and  sending  up  a  fine 
spike  ;  and  O.  aspersum  and  several  other  rare  things 
are  producing  flowers.  The  main  feature  in  the  next 
house  is  the  capital  arrangement  for  growing  and 
showing  Cymbidium  Lowianum  and  C.  giganteum  to 
advantage.  In  place  of  a  centre  stage  a  row  of  terra- 
cotta pedestals  is  placed  along  the  middle  of  the 
house,  and  on  these  stand  huge  specimens  of  the 
plants  named,  each  many  feet  in  circumference. 
When  in  bloom  the  long  arching  spikes  arrange 
themselves  all  round,  and  each  plant,  standing  out 
distinctly,  offers  more  beauty  and  gracefulness  to 
meet  the  eye  than  would  a  number  of  them  staged 
together.  Some  day  we  shall  see  an  Orchid  show- 
house  for  large  plants  in  bloom  with  such  pedestals 
instead  of  stages  '•  let  us  not  then  forget  where  the 
idea  originated. 

The  middle  division  of  the  new  range  isan  ornamental 
one,  kept  for  plants  in  flower  ;  it  is  very  prettily 
arranged,  the  aid  of  Caladiums  and  other  pretty  foliage 
plants  not  liable  to  harbour  insects  being  called  in  to 
assist  in  giving  effect.  In  bloom  are  some  fine  speci- 
mens of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  one  almost  all  white, 
and  others  bright  rose  with  crimson  lip  ;  C.  Eldo- 
rado, several  very  handsome  forms ;  several  bright 
golden  Oncidium  concolor,  one  with  three  spikes, 
and  one  with  thirty-four  flowers  on  one  spike ; 
Acineta  densa  aurea,  a  rare  golden-yellow  form, 
producing  a  fine  spike  through  the  bottom  of  the 
basket ;  Saccolabium  Blumei  majus,  fine  in  colour, 
and  having  spikes  nearly  2  feet  6  inches  in  length  ; 


several  varieties  of  theTurneri  section  of  Lxlia  elegans, 
the  original  form,  with  its  large  glowing  carmine  lip, 
being  the  best,  although  that  named  L.  e.  Blunlii,  and 
the  greener  tinled  L.  e.  prasiata  are  very  fine.  Masde- 
vallias of  the  chimrera  and  Bella  section  are  in  flower 
overhead,  and  Uendrobium  Dearei,  D.  Goldieanum 
and  other  Dendrobes  and  Crypripediums  tell  well  in 
the  general  arrangement,  our  old  friend  Amaryllis  reti- 
culata, with  its  pretty  rose-veined  flowers  and  handsome 
leaves,  being  quite  at  home  among  them.  In  flower, 
too,  is  a  strikingly  beautiful  form  of  Miltonia  Candida 
grandiflora  with  very  large  flowers,  the  broad  sepals 
and  petals  being  yellow,  barred  with  brown,  and  the 
large  labellum  white  shaded  in  the  throat  with  rose  ; 
for  showiness  it  may  be  called  the  very  best  Miltonia. 
Beyond  the  flowering  plant  house  is  the  division  for 
the  lesser  Cattleyas  and  Lajlias,  particularly  rich  in 
plants  of  L.  anceps  Dawsoni,  L.  a.  vestalis,  and  all 
the  other  rare  forms  of  white  anceps  which  are  send- 
ing up  flower-spikes  profusely,  and  beyond  that 
in  the  division  specially  planned  for  Vandas,  Aerides, 
and  Saccolabiums.  This  house,  too,  is  a  great 
success,  for  the  plants  thrive  in  it  without  giving 
trouble.  The  varied  collection  of  named  varieties  of 
Vanda  suavis  and  tricolor  are  particularly  healthy, 
and  the  large  specimens  of  the  new  Acrides,  A.  Ro- 
haneanum,  A.  Lawrenceanum,  A.  Sanderianum,  as 
well  as  the  older  and  bettei  known  kinds  of  Aerides, 
Saccolabium,  and  Vandi,  are  in  fine  order,  and 
with  them  some  giant  Oncidium  sarcodes  are  sending 
up  their  flowers. 

The  last  house  of  the  new  range  is  filled  with  speci- 
men plants  of  Lselias  of  the  purpurata  and  elegans 
sections,  and  Cattleyas,  and  if  a  best  can  be  accorded 
where  all  are  so  good,  here  it  must  be,  for  the  plants 
are  very  sound,  clean,  well-rooted,  and  well  flower- 
sheathed.  Some  of  the  large  named  varieties  of  C. 
Trianae  will  be  grand  objects  when  flowering-time 
comes,  and -all  will  give  good  account  of  themselves 
in  their  seasons.  Among  a  batch  of  fine  forms  of 
Cattleya  labiata  one  stands  out  as  an  unrivalled  spe- 
cimen. It  is  a  great  sturdy  plant  of  the  true  original 
C.  1.  Pescatorei,  and  has  plump  upright  pseudobulbs 
of  the  bright  green  peculiar  to  it,  bearing  stout  double 
flower-sheaths,  each  nearly  as  large  as  one's  hand. 
Much  interest  has  been  created  by  this  plant,  as  it  is 
very  rare,  and  many  will  be  glad  of  an  opportunity 
of  seeing  it  in  its  best  form  when  in  flower.  The 
numerous  plants  of  Cittleya  Liwrenceana,  too,  are 
sheathing  up  well.  The  varieties  of  Lslia  purpurata 
are  in  the  perfection  of  health,  and  a  large  specimen 
of  L  Williamsii,  L.  Russelliana  (with  nine  young 
growths),  L.  Schrosderiana,  &c.,  promise  a  good  show 
for  next  summer,  when  the  snowy  blossoms  of  the 
large  mass  of  Co^logyne  cristata  alba  beside  them, 
which  awakened  such  lively  competition  when  Messrs. 
Prothetoe  .&  Morris  passed  it  under  their  hammer, 
will  come  in  very  effectively  no  doubt. 

The  lesser  lean-to  range  has  divisions  for  Dendrobes, 
of  which  there  is  a  well-grown  houseful,  and  for 
Cattleyas  and  other  fresh  imported  plants,  and  most 
of  the  other  plant-houses  are  utilised  for  any  special 
Orchid  to  which  they  may  seem  to  offer  a  suitable 
place,  such  as  cannot  be  found  in  the  houses  devoted 
to  the  collection.  For  example,  the  main  lot  of 
Cattleya  Lawrenceana  are  doing  to  perfection  stand- 
ing in  a  row  on  inverted  flower-pots,  bringing  them 
near  the  glass,  in  an  intermediate  stove-house,  where 
other  plants  are  arranged  about  them.  This  position 
they  seem  to  enjoy  much,  and  they  are  plump,  and 
about  to  flower  well. 

The  warm-house  range  has  a  fine  house  of  Phalie- 
nopsis,  only  P.  violacea  and  P.  Schrcederi  being  in 
bloom  among  them,  and  also  a  very  rich  houseful  of 
Cypripediums,  among  them  some  good  specimens  of 
C.  Dominianum,  C.  Pearcei,  C.  Stonei,  C.  liar- 
risianum,  C.  Ashburtonia;,  C.  Sedeni,  C.  cenanthum, 
being  in  bloom,  and  some  very  healthy  plants  of  C 
Godefroyie. 

In  the  intermediate-house  there  are  some  very  fine 
masses  of  Oncidium  crispum,  O.  Marshallianum,  and 
others  of  that  section,  sending  up  very  stout  spikes, 
and  the  new  and  pretty  Angr.-ecum  Leoni  is  well  fur- 
nished with  its  white  fragrant  flowers,  and  Miltonia 
Regnelii  purpurea  and  the  handsome  Pescatorea  Kla- 
bochorum  are  also  well  in  bloom.  With  respect  to 
the  Pescatoreas  and  Bolleas,  the  shady,  moist  corner 
which  Mr.  J.  Howe,  the  gardener,  has  selected  for 
them  seems  to  suit  them  admirably,  although  they  are 
not  easily  pleased.  In  Mr.  Measures'  Orchid-houses 
much  provision  is  made  for  having  suitable  places  for 
all  things,  and  certainly  much  skill  and  forethought 
are  displayed  in  selecting  the  proper  places  for  plants 
usually  considered  troublesome.   7-  O'B. 


362 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,  18 


GARDEN   PALMS. 

(ContiiiueJ  from  /.  430.  vol.  xxiii.) 
COPERNICIA,  il/arA— This  is  a  small  genus,  closely 
related  lo  the  Coryphas  and  Thiinaxes.  Eight  species 
are  desciibed,  t«o  of  which  are  cultivated  in  gardens. 
They  are  slow  growers  when  in  a  young  state,  what- 
ever they  may  be  when  older,  the  plants  at  Kew  being 
eight  or  ten  years  old  though  still  very  small.  Their 
resemblance  to  the  Coryphas  led  to  their  being  by 
some  authorities  placed  in  that  genus.  From  a 
garden  point  of  view  they  are  not  ornamental  enough 
to  be  recommended  for  general  cultivation,  their 
chief  interest  residing  in  the  value  of  the  wood  in  their 
trunks,  which  is  excessively  hard  and  durable,  and  in  the 
wax  produced  by  their  leaves,  each  leaf,  according  to 
Seemann,  yielding  about  50  grains  of  a  whitish,  scaly 
powder,  which  is  melted  in  pots  over  a  hre.  This 
vegetable  fat  is  sometimes  used  by  the  Brazilians  to 
adulterate  bee's-wak.  It  is  also  imported  into 
Great  Britain  for  manufacturing  candles,  for  which 
purpose  it  is  largely  used  by  Messrs.  Price.  This 
wax  is  produced  only  by  C.  cerifera ;  specimens 
of  it  may  be  seen  in  the  Museum  at  Kew.  The  genus  is 
contiaed  to  the  tropics  of  .South  America  and  the  Wcit 
Indies.  It  is  distinguished  by  its  erect,  ringed  trunk, 
which  is  widened  out,at  the  base  into  a  sort  of  bole 
and  grows  to  a  height  of  30—40  feet.  The  leaves  are 
palmate,  the  petioles  rather  short,  and  armed  with 
small  spines  along  the  margins  ;  seedling  leaves 
simple  and  undivided.  Seeds  enclosed  in  a  yellowish 
berry  about  as  large  as  a  Hamburgh  Grape,  the 
pericarp  fleshy  or  fibrous,  seed  oblong  or  round, 
smooth  or  slightly  channelled,  brown  when  ripe. 
C.  arifiia,  Mart.,  "  Carnauba  Palm."— Brazil. 
C  Udoritm^  Mart. — Venezuela  and  West  Indies. 

CORYPHA,  Linn, 
In  gardens  this  genus  is  represented  by  what  is 
really  a  species  of  Livistona,  viz.,  L.  australis,  whilst, 
except  in  botanical  collections,  the  true  species  are 
unknown.  They  are  not  possessed  of  any  useful 
garden  qualities,  but  on  the  contrary  are  exceptionally 
difficult  to  cultivate  satisfactorily,  are  stiff  and  un- 
graceful, and  very  sluggish  growers.  The  plants  at 
Kew  are  small,  and,  judging  by  their  rate  of  growth 
during  the  past  years,  they  are  likely  to  remain  small 
for  a  long  time  yet.  Some  years  ago  there  existed  at 
Kew  a  fine  specimen  of  C.  umbraculifera,  the  Talli- 
pot  Palm,  which  held  out  signs  of  flowering,  but  was 
fatally  injured,  it  was  thought,  by  careless  potting, 
£0  that  the  plant  never  came  to  maturity.  There 
are  six  species  included  in  the  genus,  all  of  them 
Asiatic.  They  have  ringed  or  channelled  trunks,  not 
more  than  30  feet  high,  but  stout,  and  widened  out  at 
the  base.  They  flower  only  once,  and  then  die,  the 
tall,  terminal,  branched  inflorescence  appearing  when, 
according  lo  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  the  plant  is  about 
thirty  years  old.  The  leaves  form  an  immense  broad 
crown,  the  petioles  are  7  feet  long,  the  margins  armed 
with  small  prickles,  and  the  blade  is  palmate,  much 
divided,  each  division  being  .ngain  split  at  the  apex. 
On  full-sized  plants  of  C.  umbraculifera  the  blade  is 
6  feet  long  by  about  13  feet  broad,  and  the  segments 
number  as  many  as  100  in  each  leaf  ;  the  leaves  of 
C.  elata  are  about  10  feet  in  diameter.  .When  the 
tree  begins  to  blossom  the  leaves  wither  and  fall  oft". 
There  is  a  photograph  of  a  flowering  specimen  of 
C.  umbraculifera  in  the  Kew  Museum  which  shows 
the  noble  character  of  the  branching  inflorescence. 
The  berries  are  egg-shaped,  about  as  large  as  pigeon's 
*ggs  ;  or,  as  in  C.  Taliera,  Nutmeg-like,  the  pericarp 
hard  and  horny  when  dry,  fleshy  when  fresh,  and  the 
seeds  are  hard,  smooth,  and  pale  brown.  Leaves  of 
seedling  plants  very  stift',  simple  for  the  first  year  or 
so,  then  gradually  becoming  palmate. 

C.  Gebanga^  Blume,  *'Gebang  Palm."- — Java  (cul- 
tivated in  Butmah,  &c.). 

C.  maoopoda,  Kurz. — Andaman  Islands. 

C  umbraculifera^  Linn.,  *' Talipot  Palm," — South 
India  and  Ceylon. 

CVRTOSTACIIYS,    BluilU. 

Two  species  are  described — one  of  them,  C.  Renda, 
being  in  cultivation  in  English  gardens,  the  other 
hardly  known  even  to  botanists.  The  former  is  a 
pretty  plant  when  small,  the  dark  olive-green  of  its 
leaves  and  deep  red  of  the  stems  and  petioles  gaining 
for  it  a  place  in  many  collections,  generally,  however, 
under  the  name  of  Ptychosperma  coccinea.  It  is  dis- 
tinctly tropical  in  its  requirements,  thriving  only 
when  kept  in  a  warm,  moist  stove,  and  when  smal 


should  be  shaded  from  direct  sunshine.  Its  seed  ger- 
minates quickly,  but  unless  the  seedlings  are  kept  in 
a  very  warm  temperature  they  soon  suffer.  Full- 
sized  plants  are  described  as  being  unarmed,  the  stem 
tall,  thin,  and  annulated,  and  the  petioles  with  their 
sheathing  bases  dark  red.  Leaves  pinnate,  the  seg- 
ments linear  and  acuminate,  the  apex  obliquely  biden- 
tate.  The  seeds  are  oblong,  pointed  at  both  ends, 
about  the  size  of  black  Currants,  dark  brown,  and 
covered  with  a  thin  coat  of  reticulating  fibre.  Seed- 
ling leaves  bipartite. 

C.  Rcnda,  Blume  (Areca  erythropoda,  Miq.  ;   Pty- 
chosperma coccinea,  Hort.). — Malay  Archipelago. 

Cyphosperma,  H.  Wendl. 
One  of  the  species  of  this  genus  has  lately  been 
introduced  by  M.  Linden  under  the  names  of 
Kentia  robusta  and  K.  Vieillardi.  According  to 
the  Genera  Plantariim  there  are  only  two  species 
of  Cyphosperma  described,  viz.,  C.  Vieillardi 
and  C.  Balansa;.  They  are  robust,  pinnate-leaved 
Palms,  with  unarmed  annulated  stems  when  large, 
small  plants  having  a  broad  spreading  habit,  rather 
stiff  petioles,  and  graceful  leaf-segments.  The  seeds 
are  described  as  being  small  and  acutely  angled, 
and  are  enclosed  in  a  thin  shell-like  husk.  I  have 
not  seen  seeds  or  seedlings  of  this  genus. 

C.  ]'ieillardi,Vieni\.  (Kentia  robusta.  Hort.  Lind.  ; 
K.  Vieillardi,  Brongn.  and  Gr. ). — New  Caledonia. 

Dsmonorops — now  included  in  Calamus, 
Dickenia. — See  Acanthophoenix. 

Desmoncus,  Mart. 
Like  the  Bactrises,  the  plants  of  this  genus  are 
too  straggling  in  growth  and  coarse  in  appearance  to 
find  much  favour  in  gardens  except  when  very  young. 
Three  or  four  species  have  been  introduced,  none  of 
them,  however,  finding  their  way  to  the  front  as 
garden  Palms.  In  the  American  forests  they  occupy 
a  position  similar  to  that  of  the  Calamuses  in  Asia,  as 
they  climb  over  trees  and  shrubs,  often  to  a  great  dis- 
tance, festoonirg  from  one  tree  to  another.  The 
trunks  are  no  thicker  than  a  walking-stick,  and  are 
clothed  with  large,  sometimes  hooked,  spines  ;  the 
leaves  are  scattered  all  along  the  stems,  instead  of 
being  collected  in  a  head  as  in  most  other  I'alms  ; 
they  are  pinnatisect,  the  segments  rather  broad  and 
concave  downwards,  and  each  leaf  is  terminated  by  a 
long,  tough,  cord-like  appendage,  clothed  with  hooked 
spines,  by  means  of  which  the  plants  are  enabled  to 
climb.  There  are  some  well-developed  specimens  of 
these  Palms  at  Kew.  The  fruit  is  oval,  about  the 
size  of  a  robin's  egg,  or  in  some  species  less,  bright 
red  when  ripe  ;  they  each  enclose  an  oval  seed,  which 
is  pale  brown,  prettily  reticulated  with  black  lines, 
which  converge  at  two  or  three  punctures  in  the  basal 
end.     Seedling  leaves  split. 

D.  gratiatensis.  Hort. — New  Grenada. 
D.  major^  Cruger. — Trinidad. 

D.    minor,    Hort.    (?    D.    mitis,    Mart.).— West 
Indies? 
D.  folyacanlhus,  Hott. — Brazil  and  Guiana. 

DiCROSPERMA,.  Wcndl.  and  Dr. 
These  plants  are  known  in  gardens  as  Arecas. 
They  are  ornamental  when  young,  and  grow  into 
useful  little  pot  plants  in  two  or  three  years  from 
seed.  The  leaves  are  pinnate,  graceful,  dark  green, 
with  the  nerves  and  margins  of  the  segments  yellow  ish, 
or  sometimes  a  purplish-brown  colour.  Being  natives 
of  the  Mascarene  Islands  (Mauritius,  &c.),  they  thrive 
with  us  only  when  treated  as  stove  plants,  and  they 
require  plenty  of  moisture  always,  both  at  the  root 
and  overhead.  They  grow  to  a  large  size,  the  trunk 
being  r.-'ther  thin,  erect,  and  marked  with  the  scars  of 
the  fallen  leaves ;  but  in  our  stoves,  as  the  plants 
grow  large,  they  become  rather  straggling  in  the  dis- 
position of  their  leaves.  The  seeds  are  about  the 
size  and  shape  of  robins'  eggs,  and  are  enclosed  in  a 
dark  brown  fleshy  pericarp  beneath  which  is  a  thin 
coat  of  pale,  brown  fibre.  Seedling  leaves  bipartite. 
All  the  described  species  are  in  cultivation. 

D.  aitreum,  W.  and   D.  (Areca  aurea,  Hort.). — 
Rodriguez  Island. 

D.  album,  W.  and  D.  (Areca  alba,  Bory ;  A.  bor- 
bonica,  Hort.).  — Mauritius  and  Bourbon. 

D.  rubrum,  W.  and   D.  (Areca  rubra,  Hort.).— 
Mauritius. 

D.  fuifuraceiim,   W.    and   D.   (.\reca  futfuracea, 
Hort.  ;  A.  pisifera,  Lodd.).— Mauritius. 

DiDYMOSPERMA,    Wendl.  and  Dr. 
Under  the  name  Wallichia  the  cultivated  species  of 


this  small  genus  ol  East  Indian  Palms  have  hitherto 
been  known,  and  of  the  six  species  described  four  are 
represented  at  Kew.  The  most  interesting  is  D. 
distichum,  which  is  remarkable  in  having  its  foliage 
arranged  in  two  straight  series  along  the  stem  just  as 
in  Ravenala  and  Strelitzia.  Another  interesting  one 
is  D.  nanum,  one  of  the  dwarfest  of  Palms — a 
plant  of  it  at  Kew  flowering  annually  on  stems  less 
than  a  yard  high.  Seemann  states  that  these  plants 
"flower  only  once  during  their  term  of  existence  ;  " 
but  this  is  true  only  in  relation  to  the  stems,  which 
perish  after  flowering,  but  are  succeeded  by  others, 
which  spring  up  sucker-like  from  the  base.  They 
are  all  dwarf  growers  except  D.  distichum,  their 
leaves  are  pinnatisect,  very  similar  to  the  Arengas, 
except  that  they  do  not  possess  the  curious  lobe  at  the 
base  of  the  segments,  which  is  present  in  all  the 
species  of  that  genus.  The  segments  are  wedge- 
shaped,  the  upper  ends  jagged  or  truncate,  under-side 
silvery,  with  brownish  dots  and  lines.  The  fruit  is  a 
berry,  containing  a  caustic  juice,  reddish-coloured, 
at,d  with  one,  sometimes  two  seeds  in  each,  which 
are  like  Coffee-nibs  in  size  and  shape,  but  hard  and 
bony.  Seedling  leaf  a  solitary  weclge-shaped  blade, 
with  the  apex  jagged. 

D.  distichum,  Hook.  f.  (Wallichia  dlsticha,  T. 
Anders.). — Sikkim  Himalaya. 

D.  nanum,  W.  and  D.  (Wallichia  nana.  Griff.). — 
Assam  and  Khasia  Mountains. 

D.  porphyrocarpon,  W.  and  D. — Java. 

D,  trcmulum,  W.  and  D. — Philippine  Islands. 
W.  W. 


"HORTUS    FLORIDUS." 

A  COPY  of  this  book  in  good  condiiion  is  contained 
in  the  library  of  ihe  Kew  hetbaiium,  where  we 
recently  had  the  opportunity — thanks  to  the  courtesy 
of  Professor  Oliver — of  inspecting  it.  We  are  there- 
fore in  a  position  to  add  some  further  details  to  those 
given  at  p.  346,  September  12. 

We  may  also  add  that  we  have  received  inter- 
esting communications  on  the  same  subject  frOKi  Mr. 
].  H.  Krelage,  of  Ilaarlera,  and  from  Mr.  Burbidge, 
who  has  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  a  copy  of 
the  English  edition  belonging  to  Canon  Ellacombe, 
These  further  communications  we  may  print  on  a 
subsequent  occasion.  The  complete  title  of  the  work 
runs  as  follows  : — 

"  Pass.^US  Crispinus.— /j^iJr/i^f  Floridus  in  quo 
rariorum  et  minus  vulgarium  florum  icones  ad  vivum 
veramque  iorma  maccuratissime  delineaice  et  secundum 
qualuor  anni  tempora  divisce  exibentur,  incredibile 
labore  ac  diligenlia  Crispini  Passrei  junioris  delineatas 
ac  suum  in  ordinem  redacta;.  Arniheniii,  apud  jansson- 
ium,  1614  ( — 17),  4,  oblong.  184  foil,  et  lab." 

The  tiilepajje,  moreover,  has  on  one  side  Apollo, 
and  on  the  other  Diana,  as  supporters,  and  small 
medallion  portraits  of  Dodonceus  and  Clusius,  which 
look  as  if  they  ought  to  be  good  likenesses.  Forty-one 
plates  are  devoted  to  spring  flowers,  nineteen  to  those 
of  summer,  twenty-five  to  those  of  autumn  while 
twelve  are  allotted  to  winter  flowers.  The  Latin  text 
is  printed  opposite  to  the  plates.  These  latter  are 
excellent  in  their  way,  and  some  have  been  repealed 
in  other  works.  In  those  days  authors  and  publishers 
were  not  more  particular  about  mentioning  their 
obligations  than  are  some  of  their  descendants,  who 
think  that  the  purchase  of  electros  absolves  them 
from  all  necessity  for  acknowledgment  of  the  source 
whence  they  were  derived. 

Bound  up  with  it  is  another  series  of  plates  headed 
with  this  heading  :  — 

"  Cognoscite  lilia  agri  quomodo  crescunt,  non  laborant 
neque  nent  attamen  dico  vobis  ne  Salomonem  quidem 
in  universa  gloria  sua  sic  amictum  fuisse  ut  unum  ex  his 
Matth.,  6  cap.  Formulis  Crispiani  PassEei  el  Joannis 
WelldnelUi." 

The  plan  of  the  work  is  thus  like  the  hiagnificent 
work  attributed  to  Besler,  and  known  as  the  Hortus 
Eysidtensis.  This  latter  was  published  in  1613,  one 
year  before  Pass^eus  and  sixteen  years  before 
Parkinson. 

Mr.  Burbidge  has  mentioned  the  Narcissi,  but  there 
are  also  excellent  figures  of  liepaticas,  Anemones, 
Iris  susiana,  Orchids,  then  called  Salyrium  basilicum 
mas  et  femina ;  Sunflowers,  then  called  Chrysanthe- 
mum peruvianum  ;  and  many  others,  including  pic- 
torial evidence  that  then,  as  now,  field  mice  were  fond 
of  Crocus  bulbs. 

One  plate  represents  a  flower  garden  of  the  period 
in  spring,  with  geometric  beds  filled  with  Irises, 
Tulips,  Crown  Imperials,  Peonies,  lic.  Another 
plate  represents  the  same  garden  in  autumn,  from  the 


September  ig,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


363 


opposite  point  of  view.  A  lady  leans  over  a  flower- 
bed, wiih  an  excrescence  from  ihe  centre  of  the  dorsal 
surface  of  her  dress,  similar  to  that  which  finds  favour 
at  the  present  time,  but  rather  more  ugly.  An  arcade 
runs  round  the  garden,  at  one  end  of  which  is  a 
balcony,  from  which  the  master  of  the  house  surveys, 
doubtless  admiringly,  the  lady  in  the  parterre,  as 
well  as  the  flowers  she  is  tending. 


MESSRS.    LOW'S    NURSERIES. 

Enfield. — If  we  were  to  tell  the  confiding 
reader  that  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.,  of  Orchid 
celebrity,  had  gone  into  the  market-garden  li;,e 
of  business,  we  should  expect  the  announcement 
to  be  received  with  some  hesitation.  Neverthe- 
less, the  statement  would  not  be  wholly  in- 
correct. Messrs.  Low  &  Co.,  sighing  for  more 
worlds  to  conquer,  have  found  themselves  obliged  to 
extend  their  borders,  and  have  added  to  their  far- 
famed  Clapton  Nurseries  some  40  or  more  acres  of 
market  garden  near  Entield.  There,  in  a  flat  plain, 
surrounded  by  fields  of  Rhubarb,  of  Cabbage,  of 
Potato?,  of  Sirawberries,  of  Seakale — of  whatever 
concerns  the  London  market-gardener — have  Messrs. 
Low  established  themselves.  They,  too,  grow  for 
market  ;  but  they  differ  materially  from  their  neigh- 
bours, alike  in  what  they  grow,  and  in  the  market  in 
which  they  dispose  of  their  articles.  They  represent 
in  a  sense,  a  higher  order  of  evolution  than  the  matket- 
gardener  proper.  Just  as  the  farmer  has  been  dis- 
placed to  make  room  for  the  market-gardener,  who 
can  make  the  land  return  a  profit  under  condi- 
tions which  would  be  fatal  to  the  farmer, 
so  the  market-gardener  in  his  turn  has  to  make 
way  for  the  nurseryman,  who  by  the  superior 
value  of  his  stock  and  his  more  advanced  methods  of 
growing  it,  can  make  the  land  yield  profits  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  market-gardener. 

A  bleak,  windswept  plain,  as  the  neighbourhood  of 
Bush  Hill  Park  appears  to  be— a  place  not  particu- 
larly of  park-like  aspect,  and  with  no  over  abundance 
of  bushes — is  not  at  first  sight  ihe  place  one  would 
choose  for  a  nursery  garden.  But  Messrs.  Low  may 
very  well  be  believed  to  know  what  they  were  about, 
and  we  doubt  not  there  are  many  nurserymen  who 
are  being  daily  hemmed  in  more  and  more  by  bricks 
and  mortar,  and  over  whose  establishments  the  smoky 
pall  of  London  daily  thickens,  who  would  be  glad  if 
such  a  chance  befell  them  as  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of 
Messrs.  Low.  Forty  acres  of  fine  rich  loam  and 
brick-earth,  overlying  gravel-beds  so  full  of  water  that 
the  daily  use,  even  throughout  this  dry  season,  of  steam- 
pumps  to  supply  the  requirements  of  Messrs.  Low's 
protigcs  has  made  no  apparent  difference  in  the  sup- 
plies, are  indeed  a  prize.  It  is  just  the  soil  for  Ro=es 
and  fruit  trees  ;  it  suits  Rhododendrons,  and  is  excel- 
lently adapted  for  the  ordinary  hardy  stuff  of  a 
nursery.  It  is  rich,  but  not  too  tenacious,  easily  worked, 
and  kept  clean  at  no  extravagant  cost  of  labour. 

It  is  less  than  four  years  since  Messrs.  Low  became 
possessed  of  this  valuable  accession  to  their  resources, 
but  already  it  is  stocked  with  fruit  tree  stocks  and 
fruit  trees  of  all  descriptions,  trained  and  untrained, 
pyramid  or  bush  Pears,  Cherries,  Plums,  Apricots, 
Apples;  there  they  all  are  in  a  condition  that  under 
the  circumstances  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  Stop  ! 
— that  word  "all"  must  come  out.  If  there  is  one 
quality  more  than  another  that  pervades  the  whole 
establishment  it  is  its  business-like  aspect.  There  is 
no  room  here  for  sorts  of  doubtful  or  unknown  value. 
Messrs.  Low  may  have  much  admiration  for  science 
and  botanical  curiosities,  they  may  have  an  abstr:ict 
sense  of  the  value  of  experiments,  but  they  prefer  that 
others  should  make  them  while  they  cultivate  to  as 
great  perfection  as  possible  those  sorts — now  we  think 
we  may  say  fl// those  sorts — which  experience  has  shown 
to  be  good,  and  for  which  there  is  a  general  demand. 
If  by  chance  the  British  public  demands  something 
that  is  really  not  of  first-class  quality  what  is  that  to 
the  business  man?  He  grows  what  his  customers 
want,  and  when  they  alter  their  minds  he  will  be 
equal  to  the  occasion. 

Roses  will  clearly  eventually  add  to  Messrs.  Low's 
repute.  We  dare  not  say  how  many  dwarfs  and 
maidens  and  standards,  or  how  many  Manetti  stocks, 
we  glanced  at.  To  the  ordinary  visitor  a  few  hundred 
or  a  few  thousand,  more  or  less,  make  little  diticrence 
compared  to  the  healthy  condition  and  good  growth 
of  the  plants,  and  from  this  point  of  view  there  is 
every  reason  for  satisfaction.     Variegated  Maples  and 


Hollies,  Aucubas  and  Euonymus,  Privets  and  Pampas 
grass,  are  all  grown  here  on  a  large  scale.  As  is  the 
case  at  Clapton  with  the  Orchids  and  Heaths,  so  here  at 
Enfield,  the  prodigious  quantities  of  things  grown  excite 
astonishment.  Here  is  half  an  acre  of  beautiful  little 
plants  of  Deulzia  gracilis,  not  varying  more  than  the 
traditional  Peas  in  a  pod.  Something  like  5000  ol  these 
were  forced  last  year.  Here  are  20,000  similarly 
evenly  grown  plants  of  Genista,  each  in  its  traditional 
"  48  "  pot. 

To  house  all  these  there  must  be  plenty  of  glass — 
that  goes  without  saying — and  here,  sure  enough,  is  a 
town  of  glasshouses,  some  forty  in  number,  all  {with 
two  or  three  exceptions)  120  feet  long  by  25  in 
breadth,  and  about  9  feet  to  the  lidge.  All  are  span- 
roofed  stitictures,  the  roofs  resting  on  low  brickwoik 
and  glazed  with  large  panes,  with  top  ventilation 
worked  by  gearing,  and  with  side  shutters  at  the 
bottom  as  well.  Eight  pipes  ensure  a  circulation  of 
hot-water — two  being  placed  on  either  side  of  the 
central  path,  and  others  on  either  side  under  the 
eaves.  A  tank  in  each  house  ensures  a  moist 
atmosphere,  and  an  abundant  supply  of  water.  Each 
of  these  houses  contains  11,000  4S-pots,  and  they 
are  made  the  homes  for  thousands  of  Pelargoniums. 
Crassulas,  Gardenias,  Palms,  Stephanotis,  Adian- 
tums,  Azaleas  grown  on  the  Belgian  plan,  Solanums, 
Hydrangeas,  Lapagerias,  Acacia  armala,  and  a  good 
many  etceteras.  Foremost  among  these  we  may 
place  the  pot-Vines  and  the  pot-Roses — fhe  Vines  of 
all  the  most  useful  sorts,  the  Roses  more  select,  Maie- 
chal  Niel  and  Niphetos  being  chiefly  honoured,  and 
mildew  conspicuous  by  its  absence.  We  ought  also 
to  make  special  mention  of  Madame  Crousse  Pelar- 
gonium, a  double  Ivy-leaf  variety  of  great  freedom, 
which  flowers  Continuously,  and  holds  its  petals  well, 
and  which  is  therefore  in  large  demand  for  window- 
boxes.  Gloire  d'lJrleans  is  a  dwarfer,  more  compact 
kind,  with  rich  rose-pink  flowers.  Camellias,  nice 
little  serviceable  plants,  are  grown  by  the  thousand, 
many  of  them  set  wiih  *'  English  "  buds,  which  have 
the  British  faculty  of  holding  on  while  the  buds 
on  imported  Belgian  plants  are  said  to  drop  off. 
Knowing  how  prone  Camellias  are  to  rid  themselves 
of  their  buds  in  the  hands  of  amateurs  or  unpractised 
hands  we  suggested  faulty  management,  but  Messrs. 
Low  assure  us  that  the  Belgian  buds  drop  oil  even 
under  their  management,  which  is,  to  say  the  least, 
not  likely  to  be  faulty. 

Jasminum  gracillimum  i>,  we  are  happy  to  see, 
coming  into  large  demand  ;  its  beauty  and  fragrance 
alike  entitle  it  to  favour.  This  is  a  comparatively 
new  aspirant  for  favour,  and  although  Solanum  jas- 
minoides  is  an  old  one,  we  do  not  remember  to  have 
ever  seen  it  grown  to  better  advantage  than  it  is  here 
in  32-pots,  trained  loosely  to  a  height  of  2  or  3  feet, 
and  covered  with  elegant  white  or  pale  lilac  flowers. 

One  or  two  houses  are  to  be  devoted  to  Orchids — 
Clapton  cannot  hold  them  all,  and  some  have  already 
welled  over  to  Enfield,  liesides  the  houses  there  are 
pits  and  frames,  more  than  we  cared  to  count.  Messrs. 
Low,  as  we  have  seen,  do  not  do  things  by  halves  ; 
what  they  undertake  they  undertake  on  a  vast  scale, 
and  the  quality  of  their  manufacture — for  so  we  must 
call  it — at  Enfieidj  is  on  a  par  with  the  quantity. 

Cl,AITON. 

At  the  Clapton  nursery  of  the  firm  we  found  the 
houses — and  there  are  a  great  number  of  them,  as 
our  readers  well  know— bare  generally  of  the  Orchid 
beauties,  produced  in  such  abundance  in  winter, 
spring,  and  early  summer,  but  filled  to  repletion  with 
plants  in  large  and  small  pots,  the  latter,  of  course, 
taking  the  lead  as  to  numbers.  House  after  house 
was  visited,  and  only  here  and  there  was  anything 
seen  to  gladden  the  eye  with  colour  ;  but  of  things 
"coming  on,"  we  can  only  say,  send  for  Messrs. 
Low  &  Co.'s  list,  and  read  it  attentively.  New  and 
rare  'plants  may  he  reckoned  by  groups  of  fifty  to 
one  hundred  specimens,  whilst  the  older  favourites  of 
the  Orchid  lover  may  be  counted  by  thousands. 

The  only  wonder  seems  to  be,  how  can  the  sale  of 
so  many  plants  be  attained?  Either  Orchid  growing 
must  be  carried  on  in  hundreds  of  places  of  which  we 
wot  not,  or  our  gardeners  must  be  destructives  of  the 
first  order.  We  prefer  to  think  the  first  reason 
must  be  the  true  one. 

A  few  Cattleya  gigas  flowers,  and  these  not  good 
ones,  were  seen  of  a  particularly  dark  variety,  usually 
going  under  the  appellation  of  C.  g.  Lowi.  The 
variety  flowers  on  pseudobulbs  of  3  inches  in  height. 
Oncidium  Mars-halli  does  well  here  simply  suspended 
on  rafts  in  mid  air,  without  any  packing  whatever, 
some   fine   bits  were  seen.     O.  varicosum,  0.   Eor- 


besii,  and  O,  prastextum  were  being  cultivated  in  the 
same  house,  but  not  in  the  same  way. 

Nowhere  elte  can  so  many  plants  of  Cypripediums 
in  variety  be  found  as  here,  and  all  are  evenly 
grown  and  the  very  picture  of  robust  health.  There 
were  Parishi,  Lowianum,  Roezli,  ciliolare,  vexillarium, 
the  rarer  Chantini,  Harrisianum,  Leanum,  and 
hybridum.  Onlya  fewof  these  four  are  in  stock.  Others 
were  Dominyanum,  Spicerianum,  and  Veitchi.  Our 
list  is  not  then  quite  complete.  Of  Odontoglossum 
Pescatorei  we  were  told  there  were  not  less  than 
10,000  plants,  large  and  small,  other  species  being 
in  smaller  numbers,  but  yet  imposing  enough. 

Among  Ferns  Lomaria  gibba  was  particularly  fine  ; 
the  plants,  mostly  in  48*5,  being  full  of  fronds, 
dwarf,  stocky,  and  insect  free  to  a  remarkable  degree. 
Adiantum  mundulum,  dwarf,  compact,  and  evidently 
as  useful  a  Fern  for  the  bouquet-maker  as  it  is  pos- 
sible to  have,  was  growing  in  its  thousands.  It  bears 
a  great  similarity  to  Pacoltii.  A.  cunealum  was  found 
of  course  in  numbers  exceeding  that  of  any  others, 
proving  its  worth,  and  the  extent  of  the  demand  for 
it.  Bouvardias  were  very  well  grown,  the  one-year- 
old  plants  having  stocky,  bushy  growth,  with  plenty 
of  flower  showing,  the  gem  of  them  being  Flower  of 
Beauty,  a  light  pink,  that  carried  blooms  on  every 
shoot  without  exception.  Other  well-known  liinds 
filled  several  houses.  Messrs.  Low  &  Co.  having 
taken  up  the  growing  of  Cyclamens  in  good 
earnest,  it  was  only  to  be  expected  we  should 
find  them  grown  in  the  best  manner,  and 
there  are  thousands  of  plants  filling  eight  pits, 
which  are  models  of  what  such  stulT  should  be  ;  and 
when  we  say  that  the  stock  is  "Page'?,"  it  will  be 
understood  that  the  "strain  is  the  best  obtainable. 
Many  thousands  of  Heaths,  such  as  are  now  popular 
market  kinds,  were  standing  on  beds  of  coal  cinders. 
All  were  even  in  size,  and  regular  in  habit,  as  were 
also  the  Epacrises.  These  plants  will  ere  long,  before 
autumn  fogs  descend  on  the  town,  be  transported  to 
the  purer  air  of  the  Bush  Hill  Nursery,  toremain  there 
uniil  the  bloom  appears.  Tree  Carnations  in  120 
kinds  filled  another  large  cinder  area,  and  were  as 
robust  and  compact  as  their  neighbours,  the  Heaths. 
Other  things  grown  in  quantity  are  the  greenhouse 
hybrid  Rhododendrons,  such  kinds  as  Princess  Royal, 
Alexandra,  Taylori,  Jasminiflorum,  Princess  Alice, 
Veitchi,  and  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  forming  the  bulk  of 
them.  The  deliciously  scented  fragrantissimum  was 
likewise  there,  and  Maddcni  and  Dalhousianum. 


THE  BRITISH   ASSOCIATION. 

Heredity. — The  following  extracts  are  taken  from 
Mr.  Francis  Galton's  presidential  address  to  the 
anthropological  section  of  the  British  Association, 
and,  as  will  be  seen,  relate  to  the  extremely  important 
questions  relating  to  the  inheritance  of  parental  and 
ancestral  qualities  and  characteristics — questions  as 
pertinent  to  plants  as  to  animals. 

Mr.  (Jalton  discussed  the  conditions  of  the  stability 
and  instability  of  types,  urged  the  existence  of  a 
simple  and  far-reaching  law  that  governed  hereditary 
transmission,  and  proceeded  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  some  years  since  I  made  an  extensive  series  of 
experiments  on  the  produce  of  seeds  of  dififerent  size 
but  of  the  same  species.  They  yielded  results  that 
seemed  very  noteworthy,  and  I  used  them  as  the  basis 
of  a  lecture  before  the  Royal  Institution  on  February  9, 
1S77.  It  appealed  from  these  experiments  that  the 
otf^piing  did  not  tend  to  resemble  their  parent  seeds 
in  size,  but  to  be  always  more  mediocre  than  they — 
to  be  smaller  than  the  parents  if  the  parents  were 
large,  to  be  larger  than  the  parents  if  the  parents  were 
very  small.  The  subject  of  the  inquiry  on  which  I  am 
about  to  speak  was  hereditary  stature.  My  data 
consist  of  the  heights  of  930  children  and  of 
their  respective  parentages,  205  in  number.  In  every 
case  I  transmuted  the  female  statures  to  their  corre- 
sponding male  equivalents  and  used  them  in  their 
transmuted  form,  so  that  no  objection  grounded 
on  the  sexual  difference  of  stature  need  be  raised 
when  I  speak  of  averages.  The  factor  I  used 
was  1.08,  which  is  equivalent  to  adding  a 
little  less  than  one-twelfth  to  each  female  height. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  heredity  proceeds  to  a 
considerable  extent,  perhaps  principally,  in  a  piece- 
meal or  piebald  fashion,  causing  the  person  of  the 
child  to  be  .to  that  extent  a  mosaic  of  independent 
ancestral  heritages,  one  part  coming  wiih  more  or  less 
variation  from  this  progenitor,  and  another  from  that. 
So  far  as  the  transmission  of  any  feature  may  be 
regarded  as  an  example  of  particulate  inheriiance,  so 
far  (it  seems  little  more  than  a  truism  to  assert)  the 
element  from  which  that  feature  was  developed  must 
have  been  particulate  also.     Therefore,   wherever  a 


3^4 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,  iS 


feature  in  a  child  was  not  personally  possessed  by 
either  parent,  but  transmitted  through  one  of  them 
from  a  more  distant  progenitor,  the  element  whence 
that  feature  was  developed  must  have  existed  in  a  parti- 
culate, though  impersonal  and  latent  form,  in  the  boHy 
of  the  parent.  The  total  heritage  of  that  parent  will 
have  included  a  greater  variety  of  material  than  was 
utilised  in  the  formation  of  his  own  personal  struc- 
ture. Only  a  portion  of  it  became  developed  ;  the 
survival  of  at  least  a  small  part  of  the  remainder  is 
proved,  and  that  of  a  large  part  may  be  inferred  by 
his  transmitting  it  to  the  person  of  his  child.  There- 
fore, the  organised  structure  of  each  individual  should 
be  viewed  as  the  fulfilment  of  only  one  out  of  an 
indefinite  number  of  mutually  exclusive  possibilities. 
It  is  the  development  of  a  single  sample  drawn  out  of 
a  group  of  elements.  The  conditions  under  which 
each  element  in  the  sample  became  selected  are,  of 
course,  unknown,  but  it  is  reasonable  to  expect  they 
would  fall  under  one  or  other  of  the  following 
agencies  : — First,  self-selection,  where  each  element 
selects  its  most  suitable  neighbour,  as  in  the  theory  of 
pangenesis ;  secondly,"  general  co-ordination,  or  the 
influence  exerted  on  each  element  by  many  or  all  of 
the  remaining  ones,  whether  in  its  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood or  not  ;  finally,  a  group  of  diverse  agencies, 
alike  only  in  the  fact  that  they  are  not  uniformly 
helpful  or  harmful,  that  they  influence  with  no 
constant  purpose — in  philosphical  language,  that 
they  are  not  teleological ;  in  popular  language, 
that  they  are  accidents  or  chances.  Their  in- 
clusion renders  it  impossible  to  predict  the  pecu- 
liarities of  individual  children,  though  it  does  not 
prevent  the  prediction  of  average  results.  We  now 
see  something  of  the  general  character  of  the  con- 
ditions amid  which  the  stable  equilibrium  that 
characterises  each  race  must  subsist.  The  appear- 
ance of  a  new  and  useful  family  peculiarity  is  a  boon 
to  breeders,  who  by  selection  in  mating  gradually 
reduce  the  preponderance  of  those  ancestral  elements 
that  endanger  reversion.  The  appearance  of  a  new 
type  is  due  to  causes  that  lie  beyond  our  reach,  so 
we  ought  to  welcome  every  useful  one  as  a  happy 
chance,  and  do  our  best  to  domicile  and  perpetuate 
it.  When  heredity  shall  have  become  much  better 
and  more  generally  understood  than  now,  I  can 
believe  that  we  shall  look  upon  a  neglect  to  conserve 
any  valuable  form  of  family  type  as  a  wrongful  waste 
of  opportunity.  The  appearance  of  each  new  natural 
peculiarity  is  a  faltering  step  in  the  upward  journey 
of  evolution,  over  which,  in  outward  appearance,  the 
whole  living  world  is  blindly  blundering  and  stum- 
bling, but  whose  general  direction  man  has  the 
intelligence  dimly  to  discern,  and  whose  progress  he 
has  power  to  facilitate." 

Forestry. 

General  Walker,  in  introducing  Major  Bailey,  who 
read  a  paper  on  "  The  Indian  Forest  School,"  said 
that  the  science  of  forestry  was  one  which  had  not  yet 
found  a  home  in  England.  In  France  regular  and 
systematic  forest  management  had  existed  for  cen- 
turies, and  the  result  was  seen  in  numerous  well- 
stocked  forests,  which  were  managed  with  a  view  to 
the  continuous  production  of  whatever  timber  and  fuel 
might  be  required  to  satisfy  the  wants  of  the  people. 
But  in  England  our  extensive  coalfields  had  hitherto 
furnished  fuel  in  abundance  which  was  better  than 
firewood  and  less  costly,  and  our  ships  had  brought 
us  from  foreign  countries  much  timber  of  good  quality 
at  a  lower  cost  than  that  at  which  it  could  be  pro- 
duced at  home.  Thus  having  no  need  of  the  science 
of  forestry,  we  had  characteristically  abstained  from 
endeavouring  to  acquire  it  with  a  view  at  least  to  its 
practical  introduction  and  development  within  the 
British  Isles.  But  in  India  we  had  long  since 
felt  the  need  of  systematic  forestry  and  learned  to 
appreciate  its  value.  Already  great  benefits  had  been 
derived  j  the  revenue  from  the  forests  has  been  in- 
creased, and  the  people  of  the  country  had  been 
benefited.  Lands  which  twenty  years  ago  were  bare, 
or  only  produced  open  scrub  and  a  few  isolated  trees, 
were  now  stocked  with  dense  forest,  from  20  to  So  feet 
high,  grown  under  the  favouring  influence  of  tropical 
heat  and  moisture,  as  well  as  under  the  fostering  care 
of  a  scientific  department  ;  and  it  was  anticipated 
that  at  no  very  distant  date  the  forest  lands  which 
had  necessarily  been  placed  under  the  protection 
of  the  Government  forest  officers  would  not  only 
yield  a  permanent  supply  of  timber  and  fuel  to  the 
people  without  any  expense  to  the  State,  but  would 
contribute  towards  the  healthy  development  of  muni- 


cipal institutions  and  of  local  self-government.  The 
success  of  Indian  forestry  had  been  so  marked  that 
some  of  the  native  states,  which  were  generally 
keenly  alive  to  their  own  interests,  were  now  having 
men  trained  in  the  Government  schools  for  the 
conservation  and  management  of  their  own  forests. 

Major  Bailey  then  remarked  that  it  was  only  within 
the  last  twenty-five  years  that  a  special  State  Depart- 
ment had  administered  the  Indian  forests.  The 
staff  was  at  first  composed  of  men  who  had  received 
no  professional  education,  but  they  were  able  to  do 
all  that  was  then  needed,  and  they  accomplished  work 
of  great  value.  But,  as  a  result  of  their  work,  the 
Slate  became  possessed  of  large  forest  areas,  from 
which  a  permanent  supply  of  produce  had  to  be 
secured,  and  which  had,  therefore,  to  be  managed 
systematically.  In  1878  Dr.  Brandis  proposed  to 
establish  a  Central  Forest  School,  and  his  proposals 
were  accepted  by  Government.  The  chief  object  of 
the  school  was  then  to  prepare  natives  of  India  for 
the  executive  charge  of  forest  ranges,  and  to  qualify 
them  for  promotion  to  the  superior  staff;  but  it  was 
hoped  that  the  school  might  ultimately  be  used  to 
train  candidates  for  the  controlling  branch.  The 
chief  forest  officers  of  provinces  were  to  select  candi- 
dates and  send;  them  to  be  trained  at  the  school. 
None  but  natives  of  India  were  to  be  admitted.  A 
number  of  forests  near  Dehre  Dun  were  grouped 
together  as  a  training  ground  and  placed  under  a 
separate  conservator,  who  was  also  appointed 
director  of  the  school.  The  first  theoretical  course 
was  held  in  iSSi,  and  they  had  been  held  every 
year  since  then.  The  present  system  was  that  the 
candidates,  who  must  be  in  robust  health,  were 
selected  by  conservators  of  forests  or  by  the  director 
of  the  school.  They  must  serve  in  the  forests  for  at 
least  twelve  months  before  entering  the  school.  Can- 
didates for  the  rangers'  certificate  must  have  passed 
the  entrance  examination  of  an  Indian  University  on 
the  English  side  ;  candidates  for  the  foresters'  cer- 
tificate pass  a  lower  examination.  The  course  of 
training  for  these  two  classes  extended  over  eighteen 
and  twelve  months  respectively.  Men  who  gained 
the  certificates  returned  to  their  provinces  and  were 
employed  there.  The  course  of  instruction  for  the 
rangers'  class  embraced  vegetable  physiology,  the 
elements  of  physics  and  chemistry,  mathematics, 
and  road-making  and  building,  surveying,  sylvicul- 
ture, working  plans,  forest  utilisation,  forest  botany, 
the  elements  of  mineralogy  and  geology,  and  forest 
law.  The  course  for  foresters  was  much  more  simple. 
The  preparation  of  manuals  was  in  progress,  and  a 
library,  museum,  chemical  laboratory,  observatory, 
and  forest  gardens  had  been  established.  No  instruc- 
tion fees  are  charged.  It  would  not  be  possible  to 
get  candidates  whose  maintenance  and  education  were 
entirely  paid  for  by  their  friends.  Nine  men  who 
had  left  the  school  had  appointments  of  from  ;^125 
to  .^200  a  year,  and  this  ought  to  draw  eligible 
candidates. 

Dr.  Brown  said  he  had  just  returned  from  a  six 
weeks'  residence  at  a  School  of  Forestry  in  Spain, 
and  stated  that  the  object  aimed  at  by  the  leaders  of 
that  school  was  to  prevent^  one  drop  of  water  falling 
in  the  form  of  rain  from  passing  into  the  sea  until  it  had 
been  utilised  to  the  utmost  in  promoting  the  fertility 
of  the  country.  A  School  of  Forestry  might  be  useful 
in  Britain  as  well  as  India  in  supplying  foresters  for 
the  colonies,  and  landed  proprietors  in  this  country 
would  be  all  the  better  if  they  could  get  educated 
and  trained  foresters  to  undertake  the  management 
of  their  plantations. 

Conservation  of  Forests. 
Lieuten-nt-Colonel  Playfair  observed  that  his  ex- 
perience in  Tunis  proved  in  a  most  forcible  manner 
the  importance  of  preserving  forests.  In  Roman  times 
the  province  of  Africa  and  the  territory  of  Carthage 
formed  the  granary  of  Europe.  In  what  was  now  prac- 
tically a  desert  the  remains  of  magnificent  Roman  farms 
were  everywhere  found.  The  small  hillsides  were 
now  nothing  but  sands.  This  was  entirely  due  to  the 
destruction  of  the  forests  with  which  they  used  to  be 
covered,  for  the  vegetable  soil  had  been  washed  away 
into  the  valleys,  and  there  it  was  now  found,  buried 
beneath  some  feet  of  sand  and  water-worn  pebbles. 
No  more  striking  instance  of  the  importance  of  pre- 
serving forests  could  possible  be  found. 


Charles  Wright.— The  American  GarJenen' 
Monthly  announces  the  death,  in  his  seventy-fourth 
year,  of  this  gentleman.  He  was  better  known  to 
botanists,  as  a  collector  in  Mexico  and  elsewhere, 
than  to  horticulturists. 


TALIPOT    PALM    LABELS. 

Since  my  arrival  in  England,  in  May  last,  from 
Ceylon,  my  friend,  Mr.  E.  M.  Holmes,  kindly  drew 
my  attention  to  a  paragraph  in  the  Gardeners'  Chro- 
nicle of  March  28  last  on  "  Palm  Leaf  Labels,"  and 
I  have  through  your  courtesy  been  able  to  read  the 
p.iragraph,  so  as  to  be  able  to  give  such  additional 
information  about  the  labels  referred  to  as  may  be  of 
some  interest  to  your  readers. 

The  labels  are  made  from  the  unexpanded  frond  ot 
leaf  of  the  Talipot  Balm  (Corypha  umbraculifera). 
The  leaf  is  fan-shaped,  about  30  feet  in  circumference 
when  full  grown,  and  divided  into  112  divisions,  the 
tip  of  each  division  being  emarginate  and  green. 
Each  division  is  split  into  two,  made  into  small 
rolls,  and  boiled  in  water  for  a  few  hours.  After 
boiling  the  strips  are  dried  in  the  shade,  soaked  in 
water  for  a  few  minutes,  and  both  sides  smoothed 
with  an  iron.  The  smoothing  used  to  be  performed 
in  a  primitive  manner  by  rubbing  the  strips  on  a 
polished  cylindrical  piece  of  wood  tied  between  two 
stumps  or  trees.  After  smoothing  it  is  necessary  to 
roll  up  the  strips  of  leaves  quickly,  to  prevent  curling, 
each  roll  containing  fifty  to  100  or  more  strips.  When 
the  surface  is  polished  it  is  easy  to  write  on  it.  The 
use  of  the  smoothing-iron  facilitates  the  process 
greatly,  especially  when  the  strips  are  spread  on  a 
table  covered  with  a  piece  of  blanket — the  manner  in 
which  I  have  frequently  performed  the  operation. 
The  strips  when  thus  prepared  are  called  "Olas  "  by 
the  natives,  and  used  for  writing  upon  with  a  style, 
as  is  well  known  in  the  East. 

It  is  a  fact  that  Palm-leaf  books  have  been  pre- 
served for  more  than  500  years.  It  may  be  noticed 
that  the  durability  of  the  leaf  is  owing  to  its  being 
covered  with  a  silicious  cuticle,  which  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  polarising  objects  of  the  vegetable 
kingdom,  displaying  the  colours  indigo,  blue,  violet, 
red,  orange,  yellow  and  green. 

One  of  the  Buddhist  priests  of  Ceylon  informed  me 
that  the  Talipot  leaf  was  used  for  writing  Buddhist 
doctrines  in  the  Buddhist  era  432,  or  before  a.d. 
510.  An  Oriental  scholar,  also  of  Ceylon,  is  of 
opinion  that  the  leaf  was  used  in  this  way  more  than 
a  thousand  years  ago.  The  exact  time,  however, 
cannot  be  ascertained.  In  India  there  is  reason  to 
believe  that  this  leaf  has  been  in  use  for  the  last 
two  thousand  years  or  more. 

To  return  from  this  digression  to  the  subject  of 
making  the  labels,  I  may  state  that  the  "Olas," 
or  strips  of  the  leaf,  are  laid  on  a  piece  of  smooth 
board.  The  labels  are  cut  out  by  means  of  a  stamp, 
which  is  hammered  with  a  wooden  mallet,  and 
twelve  or  more  labels  can  be  cut  at  one  stamping. 
The  dimensions  of  the  strips  for  making  the  labels 
may  be  briefly  stated  as  follows  : — 

Length  of  longest  strip 6  feet  7  inches. 

Breadth  of  broadest  part  . .         . .  2  J^  inches. 

„  narrowest  part        . .         . .  i  inch. 

Length  of  shortest  strip  ..         ..  4  feet  9  inches. 

Breadth,  the  same  as  longest  strip. 

One  strip  makes  on  an  average  forty-nine  labels 
of  ordinary  size.  One  hundred  strips  give  4900 
labels. 

As  regards  the  question  of  the  mode  of  writing 
upon  these  labels,  I  can  only  endorse  your  suggestion 
viz.,  of  scratching  the  leaf  and  applying  the  colouring 
matter.  The  common  mode  of  writing  as  practised 
in  the  East  is  by  means  of  a  style,  and  Indian  ink 
charcoal,  or  other  colouring  matter,  is  rubbed  upon 
the  scratched  writing.  A  specimen  of  a  label  writtea 
on  with  a  style  I  send  herewith  for  your  inspection. 
The  mode  of  writing  with  a  style  is  no  doubt  foreign 
to  Europeans,  and  may  not  be  so  easily  accom- 
plished as  by  the  natives  of  the  East ;  but  some 
pointed  instrument  may  be  devised  for  writing  on  the 
Palm-leaf. 

I  have  used  these  labels  extensively  attached  to 
animal  and  vegetable  specimens  immersed  in  spirit, 
and  found  them  in  good  preservation  for  a  long  time. 
The  parchment  labels  attached  to  stone  corals  which 
I  took  with  me  to  Ceylon  turned  into  a  pulpy  mass  in 
some  months.  Talipot  labels  attached  to  plants  ex- 
posed to  the  tropical  sun  and  rain  were  uninjured  for 
a  long  time.  According  to  Mr.  Holmes'  suggestion, 
I  had  some  labels  written  on  with  strong  sulphuric 
acid,  and  held  to  the  fire  in  order  to  develope  the 
writing.     The  acid  was  used  with  a  quill  pen. 

The  cost  of  1000  labels,  without  brass  eyes,  is 
zs,  6d.     I  shall  be  glad  to  supply  any  one  with  a  few 


September  ig,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


365 


labels  for  trial.  W.  C.  Ondaa/je,  F.L.S.  [retired 
Colonial  Surgeon,  Ceyhn),  85,  finhiough  Road, 
S.  IV.,  Sept.  3. 


lopta'    llo«ji|r». 


THE  HYACINTH. 
The  lime  has  arrived  when  it  is  necessary  to  pur- 
chase the  stock  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Polyanthus, 
Narcissus,  &c.,  for  the  season.  To-day  we  have 
been  preparing  the  compost  for  potting.  I  like  to  do 
this  in  August,  but  this  year  we  have  let  it  run  into 
September.  The  potting  material  for  Hyacinths 
ought  to  be  light  and  rich,  and  if  it  is  prepared  two  or 
three  months  before  it  is  required,  the  manure 
becomes  more  thoroughly  incorporated  with  the  soil. 
I  use  two  barrow-loads  of  loam  to  one  of  cow-manure, 
one  of  sand,  and  one  of  leaf-mould.  River  sand  is 
generally  preferred  to  any  other.  Some  growers  use 
a  specially  prepared  kind  of  flower-pot,  deeper  than 
usual,  but  I  do  not  like  the  appearance  of  them  when 
so  grown.  I  use  5-inch  pots  of  the  ordinary  kind  for 
the  small  bulbs,  and  6-inch  ones  for  the  larger  size. 
In  potting  the  bulbs  they  should  be  pressed  mode- 
rately firm  into  the  compost,  with  the  crown  just 
projecting  above  the  surface.  It  is  an  error  also  to 
press  the  bulbs  into  the  soil  with  the  fingers,  as  this 
causes  the  compost  immediately  beneath  the  bulbs  to 
become  too  firm  ;  the  consequence  of  this  is  that 
when  the  mass  of  roots  which  rapidly  form  on  the 
root-stock  push  into  it  the  bulbs  are  sometimes  thrown 
out  of  the  soil.  I  know  these  small  details  may  seem 
trifling  to  some  people,  but  success  or  failure  very 
often  depends  upon  how  or  when  the  most  minute 
details  are  carried  into  effect.  We  have  no  dift'iculty  in 
obtaining  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse  here ;  it  is  the 
cheapest  material  for  plunging  all  kinds  of  Dutch 
bulbs  in  after  they  are  potted,  and  if  it  is  twelve 
months  old  it  is  better,  as  a  mass  of  new  cocoa-nut 
fibre  will  sometimes  beat,  which  would  be  disastrous 
to  hardy  bulbs.  The  subsequent  treatment  alter  the 
bulbs  have  been  removed  from  the  plunging  material, 
consists  in  developing  the  spikes  which  have  been 
formed  in  the  bulbs  the  previous  year.  If  the  bulbs 
are  not  the  full  age,  and  have  not  been  well  grown 
and  ripened,  they  cannot  be  expected  to  produce 
spikes  of  the  largest  size.  If  it  is  necessary  to  force 
them  in  order  to  get  the  flower-spike  fully  developed 
by  an  early  date,  the  forcing  process  must  not  be  too 
severe  at  first.  Start  with  a  minimum  temperature  of 
45°,  it  is  better  not  to  increase  it  to  more  than  55°  as 
the  highest  minimum.  Some  few  varieties  have  too 
many  bells  on  the  spikes,  and  were  they  allowed  to 
remain  they  would  not  be  perfectly  developed.  I 
thin  the  bells  out  when  they  are  in  the  bud  state,  and 
those  that  remain  grow  to  their  full  size,  forming  a 
symmetrical  spike.  A  Hyacinth  spike  is  at  its  best 
about  two  weeks  after  the  first  flowers  open.  At  pre- 
sent I  need  not  say  anything  about  the  varieties  it  is 
best  to  grow  ;  good  selections  were  given  about  the 
end  of  March,  or  early  in  April.  J.  Douglas. 


COMPARETTIA  MACRO- 
PLECTRON. 
OtJR  Orchid  growers  would  be  doing  good  work, 
for  which  they  would  get  well  rewarded,  if  they 
were  to  arrange  a  house  for  and  look  specially  after 
the  Comparettias,  lonopsis,  Burlingtonias,  Rodri- 
guezias,  Trichocentrums,  and  other  small  growing 
Orchids  of  the  same  nature,  which,  by  reason  of  the 
smallness  of  their  pseudobulbs  or  entire  want  of  them, 
are  more  easily  damaged  when  grown  mixed  up  with 
the  general  collection  than  those  with  large  pseudo- 
bulbs  containing  stored  vitality  to  enable  them  to  tide 
over  temporary  difficulties.  There  is  nothing  to  prevent 
those  who  wish  to  grasp  the  subject  and  do  the  best 
for  their  plants  from  setting  apart  a  corner  of  a  cool 
intermediate-house  where  all  the  frail  plants  named 
can  be  brought  together,  and  there  a  special  open 
woodwork  stage  could  be  arranged  so  that  the  plants 
might  be  brought  to  within  iS  inches  or  2  feet  of  the 
glass,  for  on  this  point  the  life  or  death  of  these  things 
depends  more  than  on  anything  else.  Those  which 
are  in  pots  or  pans  should  be  placed  on  the  stage, 
and  those  in  baskets  suspended  above,  so  that  the 
grower  can  have  all  under  his  eye  all  at  once.  He  will 


then  be  much  better  able  to  judge  of  and  direct  their 
progress  than  would  be  the  case  if  he  had  to  look  about 
for  the  different  specimens  for  comparison.  All  these 
small  growers  are  safest  in  fibry  peat  alone  if  a  good 
sample  of  it  can  be  obtained,  but  if  sphagnum  is  used 
it  should  be  watched  to  see  that  it  does  not  grow  up  too 
high  among  the  small  growths  or  it  may  cause  them 


Fig.  77. — coaiJ'ARETTiA  macroi 


FRONT   VIEW. 


LROPLECTRON  : 


Fig     79. — SEED   VESSELS  OF  COMPARETTI/ 


to  damp  off  when  not  actively  rooting  and  growing. 
None  of  the  section  of  Orchids  here  under  notice 
require  drying  off,  and  it  is  better  to  water  them 
winter  and  summer  alike  than  to  attempt  to  do  so, 
but  strictly  speaking  it  is  by  far  the  best  plan  to  reduce 
the  supply  of  water  when  the  plants  have  fully  made 
up  and  hardened  their  growths,  and  only  to  water 
them  as  they  are  becoming  dry  until  they  again  start 
into  growth.  Free  drainage  is  above  all  things  essen- 
tial.    Anything  like  a  hothouse  is  sure  to  be  fatal  to 


these  plants  in  a  short  time,  55'  to  70°  at  all  seasons 
being  the  best  for  them.  Rather  than  in  a  close  warm 
house  they  will  do  in  a  light  part  of  the  cool  house  if 
it  does  not  get  below  50*  in  winter. 

Compaiettia  macroplectron  (figs.  77,  78)  is  the 
largest  and  most  delicate  tinted  of  the  genus,  its 
flowers  are  white,  prettily  spotted,  veined,  and 
suffused  with  pink.  It  was  introduced  in  1S78,  and 
exhibited  by  F.  A.  Philbrick,  Esq.,  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  in  July,  1SS2,  where  it  was 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate.  The  branched 
spike  of  Mr.  Philbrick's  plant  was  I  foot  8  inches 
in  length,  and  the  length  of  the  fiower-spurs  over 
2  inches. 

The  figures  A  and  B  (fig.  79)  represent  seed  vessels 
of  Comparettia  macroplectron  when  arrived  at  a  state 
of  maturity.  One  is  somewhat  longer  than  the  other, 
but  in  other  respects  they  are  precisely  similar.  They 
are  acutely  triquetrous,  or,  more  properly,  three- 
winged.  The  transverse  section  at  c  illustrates  this 
statement.  The  wings  represent  the  midrib  of  the 
carpels,  from  which  the  valves  split  away  or  dehisce, 
as  is  most  prevalent  in  the  order,  to  allow  of  the  dis- 
persion of  the  myriads  of  minute  seeds.  The  placentas, 
or  points  of  attachment  of  the  seeds,  correspond  to  the 
notches  on  the  middle  of  the  slightly  concave  faces, 
and  the  same  points  also  represent  the  margins  of  the 
infolded  carols.  The  whole  vessel,  when  ripe,  is 
dry,  scarious,  and  of  a  papery  texture. 

C.  fakata. — This  is  one  of  the  freest  growers  of  the 
Comparettias,  with  flowers  smaller  than  those  of  C. 
macroplectron,  and  of  a  varying  red  colour.  The 
best  form  of  this  plant  was  sent  to  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  on  the  same  day  as  Mr.  Philbrick 
sent  C.  macroplectron,  and  it  was  awarded  a  First- 
class  Certificate.     Flowers  bright  orange-scarlet. 

C.  rosea. — This  is  often  found  in  collections  under 
the  name  C.  falcata.  It  is  similar  in  habit  to  that 
species,  but  has  rose-coloured  flowers. 

C.  eoccinea  grows  about  6  inches  in  height,  leaves 
often  purplish  on  the  under-side.  Sepals  and  petals 
yellow  and  red,  lip  bright  red. 

C  speciosa  is  one  of  the  rarest  and  showiest  of  the 
genus,  its  flowers  are  borne  eight  to  twelve  on  a 
spike.  Sepals  and  petals  bright  orange,  base  of  the 
lip  orange,  the  broadly  expanded  blade  being  bright 
cinnabar. 


FROM     A     BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 

GARDEN. 

August  iS.— How  full  of  charm  is  the  return 
after  absence  to  a  beloved  garden  I  One  comes  home 
rejoicing,  to  see  with  a  fresh  eye  each  dear  tree  and 
each  familiar  spot  of  lawn  or  border,  and  bringing  back 
stores  of  pleasant  memories  with  sweet  suggestions  for 
new  delights  to  perfect  and  bring  to  pass  and  make 
one's  own  another  day. 

I  note  for  special  use  these  :— A  Mandevilla  grow- 
ing in  the  open  air.  It  covers  half  the  front  of  an  old 
house,  climbing  up  to  the  roof,  and  when  I  saw  it 
the  pure  white  blossoms  were  clustered  thickly  all 
over  it.  The  situation  in  which  this  Mandevilla 
grows  and  has  flourished  for  many  years  is  warm  and 
sheltered,  the  house-walls  of  hummel-stone,  being 
built  in  a  niche  under  a  limestone  cliff.  Possibly  this 
may  not  be  the  only  greenhouse  creeper  that  might 
thrive  in  the  open  air,  at  least  during  the  summer 
months.  We  have  tried  successfully  the  white  and 
the  salmon-coloured  black-eyed  Thunbergia ;  also 
Convolvulus  from  Indian  seed,  which  has  richer  and 
more  varied  colouring  than  the  common  Convolvulus 
major. 

The  lightness  and  gaiety  of  such  a  flowery  hedge  is 
indescribable.  That  which  I  saw  is  nearly  10  feet 
high,  the  framework  made  of  crossed  stakes,  the 
Convolvulus  climbing  and  twining  up  to  the  top  and 
flowering  profusely  on  both  sides. 

This  manner  of  growing  Gooseberries  I  saw  at  an 
old  place  in  Hampshire,  bordering  the  walks  round 
three  sides  of  the  kitchen-garden.  Nothing  can  be 
more  neat  and  useful  than  these  espaliers,  the  Goose- 
berries being  easily  gathered  without  much  pricking 
by  thorns,  while  nets  fall  comfortably  over,  protecting 
them  from  the  birds.  It  was  a  delightful  garden  !  A 
long  green  walk  lay  between  rows  of  Hollyhocks, 
pink,  black,  white,  and  pale  primrose.  These  lovely 
Hollyhocks  had  the  free,  spiring  form,  that  is  now 
so  rarely  seen  when  the  blossoms  seem  to  clump 
irregularly  up  the  slender  stem.  Roses  and  most  of 
the  summer  flowers  had  faded  from  the  borders  at 
the  time  of  my  visit.     White  Everlasting   Pea  and 


366 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEfTEMBER   19,    iS 


red  strongly  scented  Fraxinella  were  among  the  few 
that  still  bloomed  in  beauty.  A  favourite  plant  of 
red  Fraxinella  was  lost  from  our  garden  a  year  or 
two  ago,  and  I  had  not  seen  one  since.  The  scent 
of  the  flower  is  said  to  be  due  to  the  emission  of  a 
vapour  that  can  be  set  on  fire  with  a  lighted 
match.  That,  I  have  never  tried.  One  has  but  to 
pass  a  glove  lightly  across  the  flower,  however,  and 
it  is  perfumed  ail  over.  In  another  pact  of  this 
old  garden  grow  white  Strawberries  of  a  peculiar 
kind.  They  flower  and  fruit  at  the  same  time,  and 
the  fruit,  which  is  in  flavour  like  a  Hautbois, 
goes  on  ripening  as  late  as  October  or  November. 
Every  little  runner  [bears  its,  flowers  and  Straw- 
berries. A  basltetlul  of  ripe  berries  was  gathered 
the  day  that  I  was  there— August  10.  I  believe 
in  Shakespeare's  time  Strawberries  were  still  called 
"Straeberiies,"  from  the  Saxon  "Strae"or  "Stray," 
indicating  the  habit  of  the  Strawberry  in  putting 
forth  runners  to  a  distance  from  the  parent  plant, 
giving  to  both  independent  life.  In  some  outland 
country  places  they  still  talk,  of  the  "  Straeberry." 

In  a  beautiful  sea-  garden,  high  above  the  sea, 
half  bid  in  groves  of  Ilex,  a  spot  so  sheltered 
that  even  in  winter  the  lawns  are  scarcely  ever 
swept  by  the  wild  sea  winds,  I  found  the  little 
white  sweet-scented  Orchis  in  the  middle  of  the 
month,  growing  on  the  brown  parched-up  turf. 
There  had  been  no  rain  there,  nor  hardly  any  dew  ; 
the  lawns,  destitute  of  any  poor  vestiges  of  verdure, 
lay  "gasping  as  a  thirsty  land."  Vet  here  and  there, 
made  bold  by  the  idleness  of  scythe  and  mowers, 
suddenly  arose  these  green  and  white  points  of  Orchis. 
One  of  them,  as  it  seemed  in  one  night,  shot  up 
4  inches,  and  this  one  I  took  home  with  me.  It  is 
set  in  water  by  my  window,  and  now  I  can  watch 
the  untwisting  of  the  plaited  tress,  as  day  by  day 
its  smoothness  roughens  with  twin-petalled  moon- 
light-coloured flowers.  It  was  a  pretty  notion  to 
liken  the  little  flower-spike  to  tresses  of  the  Virgin's 
hair  1  though  one  may  perhaps  just  fancifully  trace 
in  it  a  mingling  of  Pagan  fairyism  ;  for  mermaidens 
combed  their  sea-green  locks,  and  I  myself  once  knew 
the  traditional  fairy  lady  of  a  well,  all  in  green,  with 
long  green  hair.  Her  well-spring  bubbled  up  by  the 
side  of  a  deep  Somersetshire  lane,  and  many  children 
and  old  people  have  seen  the  green  fairy  rise  at  twi- 
light from  the  water.  The  House,  whose  high  windows 
and  turrets  look  down  over  these  brown  lawns  and 
flowers  and  Ilex  woods,  is  romantic,  like  a  poet's 
dream,  rather  than  a  house  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
Its  stones,  however,  are  the  grey  stones  of  an  old 
house  in  Normandy.  They  were  brought  over  many 
years  ago,  and  rebuilt  here  on  the  edge  of  the  sea  in 
strange  architecture,  with  the  carved  mouldings  and 
gargoyles  and  oriel  windows  of  the  past,  put  in  just 
as  they  were.  The  open  parapet  round  the  roof  reads 
thus  in  stone  letters  : — "Suave  maii  magtio  turbanti- 
bus  ttquora  ventis  Terra  magnum  allerius  spcctare 
laborcm."  The  words  seem  to  make  music  with  the 
soft  measure  of  the  waves  below,  and  the  sound  of  the 
wandering  winds.  The  thick-leaved  Ilexes  soon  lose 
themselves  in  woods  of  Chestnut  and  Fir,  and  paths 
cut  through  them  in  lines  of  endless  shade  close  in  at 
last,  each  with  an  arch  of  sapphire  sea.  Beyond  the 
edges  of  the  woods  wild  Honeysuckle  and  low  sea- 
blown  Oaks,  and  Brambles,  grow  together  in  a  sweet 
entanglement,  and  grassy  paths  between  are  set  with 
purple  Heather  and  Knapweed  (Knops,  or  Hard- 
heads), and  yellow  Fleabane|;  and  here  a  legion  of 
butterflies  perpetually  dance  and  play,  and  make 
merry  in  the  sunny  weather.  It  should  make  amends 
for  much  sorrow  in  the  world  of  Nature  to  see  these 
thousands  of  beautiful  creatures  secure  and  happy  in 
their  innocent  joy. 

Along  this  green  glade  your  feet  are  every  moment 
ensnared  by  long-reaching  Brambles,  and  every  step 
disperses  a  fluttering  crowd  of  butterflies.  They  are 
so  tame  that  scarcely  will  they  rise  at  your  approach, 
often  giving  the  observer  time  to  stoop  and  examine 
with  a  lens  their  spangled  wings  and  silver-topped 
antenna  and  busy  proboscis.  The  Fleabane  is  the 
butterflies'  dear  delight.  (Did  not  the  child  who 
called  them  "  fiutterbyes  "  hit  upon  a  better  name  ?) 
Two  or  three  of  diverse  kinds  will  often  prank  their 
wings,  and  unrolling  long  black  tongues,  dig  for 
honey  settled  together  on  the  same  flower,  though 
flowers  may  not  be  few  ;  but  when  a  Painted  Lady 
(Vanessa  cardui),  and  a  silver-spotted  Fritillary 
meet  on  one  flower  they  are  sure  to  fall  out,  and 
rising  chase  each  other  hotly.  Besides  the  multitudes 
of  common   and   uncommon   white    butterflies    and 


little  cloudlets  of  the  azure-winged  Alexis,  Peacocks, 
and  Tortoiscshells  and  Painted  Ladies  in  troops  with 
now  and  then  a  rarer  clouded  yellow  Colias,  or 
rapid  Fritillary,  disport  themselves  up  and  down  the 
glade  till  past  mid-day.  Long  may  their  happy  world 
be  unknown  to  green  gauze  nets  and  murderous 
ammonia  bottles  I  I  am  curious  to  know  if  any 
variation  has  ever  been  observed  in  the  markings  of 
the  wings  of  these  insects.  I  have  for  years  closely 
examined  Peacocks  and  Tortoiscshells  and  Atalantas, 
and  can  never  find  the  colours  or  patterns  to  vary 
in  the  least  degree  from  those  of  the  oldest  specimens 
I  can  remember.  In  the  glade  dragon- flies  dart 
fiercely  to  and  fro,  and  wild  "  bees  are  busy  on 
their  threshold  old."  The  honey  gathered  on  that 
Hampshire  coast  is  crystal  pale  this  summer.  It  was 
made,  as  I  was  told,  from  fruit  tree  blossoms  in  the 
spring,  the  long-continued  drought  having  dried  up 
every  drop  of  honey  in  the  Heather-bells. 

Home  Again  ! 
And  now  I  have  been  tasting  the  pleasures  of 
roaming  through  my  own  principality  once  more  !— 
noting  with  the  keenest  zest  the  changes  that  eighteen 
days  have  wrought.  I  want  to  go  all  over  it  again. 
In  a  grand  red  glow,  covering  an  area  of  462  square 
feet  ol  lawn,  lighting  up  the  old  hall  and  the  windows 
of  other  rooms  that  look  that  way,  like  the  reflex  of 
some  fine  sunrise,  just  beyond  the  south  porch,  lies 
the  Sumach  tree  (Rhus  cotinus).  I  cannot  say  that  it 
stands  upon  the  lawn,  as  would  be  said  of  any  oiher 
tree,  for  the  beautiful  soft  masses  of  it  are  like 
ncihing  else  but  those  great  white  cumuli,  or  summer 
storm-clouds,  steeped  in  a  crimson  after -glow, 
when  we  watch  their  changeless  glory  moving  slowly 
on  upon  the  low  horizon.  These  Sumach  snows, 
however,  are  reddened  by  hot  weeks  of  July  suns  ; 
they  cover  all  the  tree,  till  gently  they  shimmer  down 
and  lie  still  upon  the  turf.  Not  a  branch  or  twig, 
scarcely  even  one  green  leaf,  strays  out  amid  the  light- 
ness of  these  plumes  of  marabout  to  break  their  dim 
monotony.  This  plumage  of  the  tree  is  sunny  red, 
cooled  with  grey  or  lilac  shadows.  Ever  since  June 
has  it  been  ripening  into  this  miracle  of  misty  beauty. 
The  lawns  are  burnt,  but  the  parterre  is  formal  and 
brilliant— just  as  it  should  be.  So  are  the  zig-zags  of 
Verbena  and  Pelargoniums  beyond  the  Yew  hedges. 
The  southern  wall  is  fragrantly  overhung  with  fes- 
tooned Clematis.  But  all  these  are  quickly  passed. 
I  long  to  know  all's  well  with  the  Pantaisie  and  the 
Boccage.  Ah  I  the  Sweet  Pea  hedge  round  the  tennis- 
lawn  is  gone  and  past.  Turn-cap  Lilies,  proudly 
splendid,  replace  the  Roses  of  the  Fantaisie.  The 
Cryptomeria  elegans,  intermingling  here  with  verdure 
of  wonderful  freshness,  seem  to  rejoice  in  the  diy 
weather,  and  fair  flowers  of  deep  blue  Salvia  begin  to 
blow. 

Three  paces  through  the  deep  shadow  of  "  the 
wood,"  and  there  is  the  broad  border  of  the  Boccage 
in  all  its  glory.  To  know  how  this  had  fared  in  my 
absence,  while  yet  the  ground  had  not  received  com- 
fort from  any  kindly  rain,  had  been  my  secret  trouble. 
I  should  like  for  the  moment-to  be  some  one  else,  and 
as  a  stranger  to  describe  this  border  quite  impartially  I 
Vet  the  only  words  I  can  devise  as  some  one  else's  first 
impression  seem  cold  and  dry.  Such  as  "A  beauti- 
ful band  of  flowers,  that  reflects  the  highest  credit  on 
the  care  and  skill  which  have  made  it  what  it  is." 
That  will  not  do.  I  must  be  myself,  and  try  to  give 
some  faint  outline  of  it.  When  I  saw  it  last— last 
month— Roses  and  Pinks  were  over  ;  and  besides 
some  budding  Corn-flags  and  Hyacinthus  candicans, 
there  was  little  to  give  grace  to  the  border,  saving 
certain  patches  and  rounds  and  clumps  of  green  traced 
in  and  out  between  the  Roses.  I  returned  to  find 
this  young  green  grown  out  of  all  knowledge,  and 
flowering  with  a  strange  luxuriance  of  bloom,  the 
flowers  all  mixing  in  delicious  confusion.  There  is 
Ladies'  Pincushion  (Saudades),  made  in  pale  coral, 
passing  through  velvet  shades  of  red  to  deep 
"  murrey,''  stuck  with  silver  pins  as  usual.  Lobelia 
fulgens  (the  Cardinal's  Flower)  burn  between  the  tufts 
of  white  and  lilac  Sultan's  Flower  (Sweet  Sultan). 
Gaillardia  picta  Lorenziana  mingles  with  Gaillardia 
picta  flowering  in  gold  and  crimson  petals,  fantastically 
nicked,  set  round  in  little  coronets  ;  a  bunch  or  two  of 
lilac  Catananche,  deep  lengths  of  Marvel  of  Peru  in 
three  bright  colours,  many  coloured  China  Asters, 
double  Stocks,  Lupins,  dwarf  Phloxes,  one  choice 
corner  filled  in  with  Salpiglossis  of  richly  varied 
colours,  brown,  purple,  and  grey.  Sword  Lilies  flash 
scarkt  here  and  there  amid  all  these,  and  grandest  of 


all  are  the  fine  plants  of  Hyacinthus  candicans,  each 
plant  sending  up  three  or  four  great  stems,  blue-green 
with  the  bloom  of  health,  and  each  bearing  a  ring  of 
bells  in  ivory-white.  A  white  "Peach-leaf  Bell 
flower,"  (Campanula)  near  at  hand  betrays  the  only 
failure  in  the  perfect  beauty  of  these  fine  Hyacinthus 
flowers  —  failure  in  the  purity  of  their  whiteness. 
Against  a  low  Beech  hedge  at  the  back  there  is  a 
stately  line  of  auratum  Lilies,  counting  seventy-three 
great  heads  of  bloom  with  store  of  buds  rich  in 
promise  for  weeks  (ar  into  the  autumn.  And 
around  the  Lilies  are  enlaced  large  African  Marigolds 
of  lemon  and  deep  gold  colour,  with  scattered  posies 
of  little  striped  French  Marigolds  and  of  Zinnia 
Haageana.  At  the  farthest  end  a  thicket  of  Dianthus 
superbus  scents  half  the  garden,  and  nearest  to  the 
Fantaisie  a  narrow  grass  walk  intersecting  the  border 
and  leading  into  Glorietta  is  fringed  with  Lobelia 
senecioides  luxuriantly  green  and  most  delicately 
blue.  Chrysanthemum  tricolor  fills  up  the  corner, 
and  on  the  other  side  deep  purple  and  blue  perennial- 
blooming  Pansies  set  off  the  clean  yellow  rays  and 
chocolate  eyes  of  Rudbeckia  Newmanni.  Towering 
above  the  Junipers  tall  "  Flowers  of  the  Sun  "  keep 
watch,  their  green  buds  not  opened  yet.  Mignonette 
and  honied  Alyssum  and  orange  and  red  Tigridias 
seem  to  grow  naturally  in  and  out  between  the  other 
plants,  with  now  and  then  a  sharp  gleam  of  Roses 
in  second  bloom.  How  obscure  and  dull  is  the 
thought  picture,  the  best  I  can  make  o(  the  Boccage 
border.  Old  Parkinson  would  paint  it  in  a  dozen 
words  !  He  would  just  say  "  the  place  is  like  a  piece 
of  tapestry  of  many  glorious  colours  to  increase  every 
one's  delight."  Vet  the  colour  is  not  all.  A  per- 
vading perfume  works  like  a  charm  about  the  place 
to  bind  in  one  sweet  whole  the  outward  brightness 
of  the  flowers  and  the  unseen  soul  of  them,  «bich  is 
their  scent. 

I  wonder  how  many  moles  there  may  he  in  the 
garden.  The  gardener  certainly  would  borrow  Keats' 
phrase,  and  echo  heartily  "  the  demon  rrole  I  "  For 
they  burrow  and  throw  up  their  earthworks  and  over- 
turn stones,  and  uproot  precious  plants,  caring 
nothing  for  right  or  wrong.  For  me,  the  mole  is 
simply  "the  four-handed  mole,"  the  odd  little  perse- 
cuted wild  beast  (one  of  the  last  left  in  England),  the 
little  velvet-coated  gentleman-navvy,  who  excavates 
in  darkness,  carrying  his  subways  across  our  neatest 
turf-walks  without  the  least  regard  to  propriety  or 
order  in  the  garden.  At  the  entrance  of  the  Fantaisie, 
indeed,  for  the  last  twelve  years  a  mole-run  has 
existed  across  the  path.  Our  attempts  to  stop  this 
right  of  way  have  signally  failed.  Scores  of  moles 
were  caught  year  after  year  and  gibbeted  near  the 
spot  as  a  warning,  till  at  last  the  order  came  for 
executions  to  cease.  I  could  no  longer  endure  the 
piteous  sight  of  the  beautiful  mole-skin  coat  squeezed 
round  the  middle,  and  the  two  ungainly  serviceable 
hands  that  had  worked  so  hard,  helplessly  spread  on 
either  side.  So  the  underground  "  Taupies  "  got  the 
upper  hand  of  us  that  time,  and  the  run  remains  to 
this  day.  Long  ago,  when  the  world  was  young, 
mole-hills  were  thought  to  be  useful  for  lambs  to  sit 
upon,  or  to  shelter  under  if  the  wind  blew  cold. 
("  Nootie-stumps,"  they  call  them  in  Gloucestershire.) 
Lately,  however,  it  has  been  discovered  that  "there 
is  nothing  more  useful  to  the  floriculturist,  whether 
for  pots  or  borders,  than  earth  from  a  mole-hill  ;  for, 
as  the  mole  lives  entirely  on  worms  and  insect  larvje 
which  are  found  in  the  best  soil,  that  which  he  throws 
to  the  surface  while  in  pursuit  of  his  prey,  finely  pul- 
verised, and  free  from  the  seeds  of  weeds  as  it  will  be 
found  to  be,  is  just  in  the  state  for  producing  the  best 
flowers." 

A  long-desired  white  Tigridia  has  just  now  for  me 
all  the  charm  of  a  new  possession.  The  cream- 
white  flowers,  with  crimson-spotted  centres,  are  tome 
an  exquisite  delight.  It  is  one  of  those  strange  beings 
which  look  as  if  they  had  come  from  another  world. 
Until  now,  the  two  Tigridias— the  yellow  and  the 
,ed— with  their  threefold  flowers,  seemed  always  in- 
complete. Now,  nothing  more  is  needed.  I  do  not 
want  a  blue  or  a  pink  Tigridia  ;  this  mysterious  white 
third  is  enough. 

September  I.— The  soft  triumph  of  the  Sumach  is 
over.  According  to  the  supreme  beauty  of  her  prime, 
is  now  her  forlorn  and  wretched  ruin.  All  in  a  day, 
so  it  seemed,  the  feathery  fluff  began  to  crisp  and 
loosen.  One  night  the  west  wind  blew  in  his  strength, 
and  left  our  Wig  Tree  well-nigh  bald.  The  mara- 
bout plumes,  blown  hither  and  thither,  accumulated 
in  angles  of  the  house,  and  all  the  borders  thereabouts 


September  19,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


367 


were  bedded  deep  in  fluffy  pink.  But  even  this  relic 
of  grace  is  past,  and  the  tree,  nearly  unleaved  (for  het 
feaihers  left  no  room  for  leaf),  all  dishevelled  and 
hung  with  rags  and  tatters,  is  an  almost  ghastly 
sarcasm  on  her  summer  self.   E.  V.  B. 


I 


\n 


}|iail8. 


D  O  U  R  L  I  N  G. 

A  FAR  better  method  than  killing  the  bees  over 
the  sulphur  pit  is  that  called  doubling.  It  has  been 
proved  that  the  safest  way  to  get  bees  well  through 
the  winter,  is  to  have  them  strong — i  e.,  to  have 
plenty  of  bees.  In  point  of  fact  it  is  more  important 
to  have  plenty  of  bees  during  the  winter  months  than 
honey.  A  few  bees  with  plenty  of  honey  may  die  of 
cold,  while  plenty  of  bees  will  keep  one  another  warm 
and  sleep  away  the  time,  not  eating  anything  at  all 
during  the  coldest  weather. 

The  best  way  to  double  is  to  go  to  a  weak  hive  and 
a  strong  hive.  Take  your  bellows  and  smoke  the 
bees  well,  giving  them  a  few  minutes  to  gorge  them- 
selves. Then  quietly  open  both  hives,  and  uncover 
the  bees  in  the  strongest  hive.  Quickly  move  the 
frames  apart,  so  that  other  frames  can  be  put  between. 
Then  uncover  the  bees  in  the  weak  hive,  and  take  the 
frames  and  bees  out  and  put  them  in  the  other  hive, 
not  altogether,  but  alternately  with  the  others.  The 
bees  will  be  so  hopelessly  mixed  that  they  will 
generally  settle  down  quietly,  but  if  fighting  com- 
mences smoke  them  again  and  again  till  thoroughly 
subdued.  Cover  up  the  bees,  and  leave  the  two  queens 
to  fight  it  out.  "The  fittest  will  survive."  Many 
of  our  most  noted  bee  masters  say  "  Kill  one  of  the 
queens  before  mixing,"  but  my  experience  is  against 
this  plan  ;  because  if  you  destroy  one  queen,  and  the 
stranger  bees  kill  the  other,  you  would  have  no  queen 
at  all.  After  two  or  three  days  remove  all  honey  not 
required,  and  only  leave  enough  frames  that  can  be 
well  covered  with  bees.  Any  pair  of  hives  can 
be  treated  in  this  way,  and  the  empty  hives  can  be 
taken  indoors  and  repainted  in  the  winter  months, 
and  brought  out  again  in  the  spring.  The  hives  left 
out  this  winter  might  have  their  turn  for  a  coat  of 
paint  next  winter,  and  so  on. 

To  double  two  skeps,  drive  both  of  them  into  other 
hives  after  being  well  smoked.  Then  put  the  hive 
you  mean  to  keep  on  its  old  stand.  Put  a  sheet  be- 
fore the  hive  and  throw  the  bees  that  came  out  of 
that  hive  on  the  sheet.  They  will  quickly  and  joyfully 
scamper  home,  but  while  they  are  scampering,  throw 
the  other  bees  on  the  top,  and  they  will  be  hopelessly 
mixed,  and  all  go  in  together.  The  smoke  will  make 
them  all  smell  alike,  and  the  two  queens  can  fight  it 
out  as  before.  This  can  be  done  with  any  pair  of 
hives,  and  the  empty  hives  can  have  the  comb  and 
honey  removed.  Wasps  are  very  troublesome  now. 
No  better  advice  can  be  given  than  old  Dr.  Butler's, 
viz  ,  put  cider  or  beer  in  a  bottle  *'  covered  with 
paper  that  hath  a  hoal  in  the  middle,  and  soe  you 
shall  catch  manie."  Agues, 


pyramidal  or  columnar  growing  plants  as  Irish  Yews, 
Junipers,  and  such-like  trees,  to  preserve  their  form. 
Roses  promise  an  abundant  second  bloom.  Remove 
from  them  all  suckers,  weak  and  flowerless  shoots, 
and  secure  standards  against  the  wind  that  may  be 
expected  in  this  month,  and  loosen  the'  ties  of  those 
recently  budded  Roses  which  may  have  started  into 
growth.  Subtropicals  have  this  season  made  enor- 
mous growth,  and  should  be  securely  staked. 

One  flowering  bed  that  retains  its  beauty  and  fresh- 
ness throughout  the  drought  and  heat,  and  withstands 
capitally  rain  and  storms,  is  that  of  tuberous 
Begonias.  I  grow  mostly  seedlings,  and  find  red 
and  pink  flowered  varieties  the  most  effective  for 
bedding. 

Herbaapous  Phloxes,  Asters,  Chrysanthemums, 
especially  the  small  dwarf  early  flowering  kinds,  are 
now  in  full  bloom,  and  can  be  removed  to  fill  up 
vacancies  in  beds  or  borders  ;  and  also  a  collection  of 
late  autumn-flowering  herbaceous  plants  and  shubs  in 
pots,  which  can  with  the  greatest  facility  be  plunged 
in  the  beds  as  the  summer  plants  are  removed. 

Tritoma  uvaria  and  its  varieties  are  magnificent 
plants,  now  full  in  bloom  ;  many  large  plants  have  a 
hundred  fine  spikes  of  bloom  on  them.  To  have 
this  plant  in  perfection  it  should  never  be  removed, 
but  allowed  to  grow  into  large  masses,  which  should 
be  protected  in  winter  by  strewing  litter  or  leaf-mould 
over  the  crowns. 

Calceolarias  and  Violas  should  now  be  propagated  ; 
the  former  do  best  in  cold  frames,  but  provision 
should  be  made  to  protect  them  from  severe  frost  ; 
pots  or  boxes  should  never  be  used  for  them,  as  they 
are  most  impatient  of  having  their  roots  confined. 
Violas  will  strike  and  winter  on  any  border  where 
natural  shelteris  afforded. 

The  desired  quantity  of  Pelargoniums  should  ere 
this  have  been  propagated,  and  if  not  already  done 
cuttings  may  yet  be  put  in,  but  they  will  require  the 
shelter  of  a  frame  or  pit,  and  if  it  is  heated  they  will 
strike  quicker  and  better,  and  will  not  be  so  likely  to 
damp  off ;  but  in  fine  weather  full  exposure  to  the 
sun  and  plenty  of  air  will  be  most  beneficial. 

Alternantheras,  Coleuscs,  Iresines,  Heliotropes, 
and  other  like  kinds  of  plants  may  still  be  propagated  ; 
a  slight  bottom-heat  is  requisite  to  ensure  success. 
Damp  must  be  guarded  against  by  removing  all 
decayed  leave;,  &c.  The  Chrysanthemums  should 
have  every  attention,  all  side  shoots  should  be  taken 
off,  and  the  plants  staked  and  tied,  and  if  extra  large 
flowers  are  in  request  the  buds  should  be  thinned 
out,  leaving  only  one  or  two  buds  to  each  shoot  ; 
they  will  be  most  useful  for  cut  blooms,  or  for  trans- 
planting to  the  flower  borders  ;  but  before  removing 
the  plants  it  is  much  safer  to  cut  round  them  6  or 
7  inches  with  a  spade,  so  as  to  sever  all  the  roots  at 
that  distance  from  the  stem.  This  should  be  done 
about  fourteen  days  before  they  are  removed.  /K 
Smylhc,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park,  Allm. 


We  have  at  last  got  the  much  desired  change  in  the 
weather,  and  the  late  soaking  rains  have  got  down  to 
the  roots  of  most  plants,  and  which  was  so  much 
needed,  after  the  three  months  of  dry  weather.  The 
brightness  of  the  summer  garden  is  now  fast  passing 
away,  and  the  heavy  rains  and  stormy  weather 
of  the  last  week  have  completely  despoiled  the 
Pelargoniums  and  other  bedding  plants,  so  that  they 
will  require  a  considerable  amount  of  labour  bestowed 
on  them  to  make  them  endurable  in  the  garden  till 
the  frost  arrives.  A  few  sunny  days  may  make  them 
a  little  bright  again,  but  the  wealth  of  bloom  is  over 
for  the  season.  Much  neatness,  should  be  observed 
both  in  the  keeping  of  the  flower  beds  and  walks, 
verges,  edging,  and  everything  else  about  the  garden. 
Mowing  must  now  again  have  attention,  or  the  grass 
will  soon  get  unsightly.  Clip  Yews  and  Privets  and 
other  hedges  if  not  already  done,  and   tie  up  any 


|lani»  and  \\\i\\  \]iM\t, 


STOVE  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 
A  GOOD  supply  of  these  for  autumn  decoration  will 
be  found  of  excellent  service  from  now  onwards  to  the 
end  of  October,  when  the  Chrysanthemums  will  come 
into  bloom  ;  the  flowering  season,  therefore,  of  Alla- 
mandas,  Clerodendrons,  Bougainvilleas,  Dipladenias, 
Rondeletias,  Vincas,  and  Ixoras  should  be  prolonged 
to  meet  these  requirements  ;  indeed,  for  some  weeks 
to  come  they  will  prove  of  as  great  value  as  they  have 
hitherto  done  during  the  summer  season.  To  obtain 
the  best  results  from  the  material  at  command  the 
temperature  of  the  stove  must  not  be  allowed  to 
decline  much  during  the  remainder  of  the  flowering 
season.  A  frequent  mistake  is  made  in  suddenly 
lowering  the  temperature  at  this  season.  It  is  thought 
that  the  plants  will  start  thereby  into  growth  with 
renewed  vigour  in  the  spring  ;  such,  however,  is  not 
the  case,  for  if  the  wood  is  not  well  ripened  from  now 
onwards  by  a  dry  and  warm  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere this  result  cannot  be  obtained.  The  main- 
tenance, therefore,  of  a  slightly  reduced  temperature 


from  that  hitherto  in  force  will  meet  both  wants,  viz., 
the  continued  supply  of  cut  bloom  and  the  ripeniny 
of  the  wood.  When  the  temperature  is  allowed  to 
drop  the  results  will  soon  be  apparent  in  the  injury 
caused  to  flowers  and  foliage  by  damp  or  excessive 
moisture,  which  cannot  then  be  dispelled,  from  want 
of  active  circulation  of  the  air.  Rather  more  ventila- 
tion should  be  given  when  possible,  and  the  atmo- 
spheric mois'ure  reduced  to  a  considerable  extent. 

Stove  Fine- foliage  Plants. 

Some  of  the  more  luxuriant  of  these  will  in  all 
probability  have  attained  a  large  size,  and  become  too 
large  to  be  stowed  away  for  the  winter.  Rathe*  'han 
keep  such  plants  it  will  be  far  wiser  to  dispose  of  them  ' 
at  once,  if  possible,  breaking  them  up  for  stock ; 
reduce  their  dimensions,  or  if  there  are  younger  plants 
that  can  take  their  place  throw  them  away.  I  need 
hardly  say  these  latter  remarks  do  not  apply  to  Tree 
Ferns  and  Palms,  which  can  usually  be  disposed  of  to 
advantage  otherwise.  Large  Pandanuses  are  a  nuis- 
ance rather  than  otherwise,  therefore  clear  them  out, 
younger  ones  will  soon  take  their  places.  Huge 
spreading  plants  of  Marantas,  as  M.  zebrina,  over- 
grown Alocasias,  and  any  other  specimens  that 
impart  a  dense  shade,  and  will  not  permit  of  another 
plant  being  grown  partly  underneath  thern,  should  be 
considerably  reduced  in  size  prior  to  rearranging  the 
stove  for  the  winter.  The  pyraniedal  form  is 
not,  we  know,  very  popular  wi'Ii  exhibitors,'  but 
is,  nevertheless,  the  best  shape  of  training  to  adopt, 
the  plants  taking  less  roo.n,  and  when  in  their 
growing  quarters  lookin;^  far  better  than  the  flat 
or  oval. topped  plants  ;  the  shape  we  have  advised 
also  sets  off  all  the  long  narrow  leaved  pendulous 
varieties  to  the  utmost  possible  advantage.  When 
tying  these  plants  use  tarred  string  in  preference  to  any 
other  mateii,il,  because  of  its  lasting  properties.  Tall 
plants  of  Dracenas  will  be  an  advantage  rather  than 
otherwise,  when  grown  on  a  single  stem.  If  denuded 
of  their  lower  leaves  by  reason  of  age,  so  much  the 
better  through  the  winter  months  ;  such  plants  will 
form  an  ornamental  feature  in  future  arrangements. 
If  it  is  desired  to  reduce  the  height  of  any,  this  can 
easily  be  done  by  partially  severing  the  stem  (close 
up  to  the  lower  leaves  will  be  best),  then  bind  some 
moss  around  it,  and  after  having  broken  a  flower-pot 
in  two  halves,  bind  the  same  together  again  around 
the  stem  and  fill  in  with  good  sandy  soil  to  encourage 
the  young  roots.  This  remark  on  reducing  the 
height  of  Diaccenas  also  applies  to  Cordylines  that  are 
generally  grown  in  the  conservatory,  and  more 
frequently  than  not  miscalled  Dracasnas.  'James 
Hit  ison,  Gunnersbwy  House,  Acton,  IV, 


mt\m 


CAULIFLOWER. 
Some  have  given  up  the  old  custom  of  keeping 
autumn  sown  plants  in  frames  or  under  hand-glasses 
through  the  winter,  depending  on  spring-raised  seed- 
V\n^s  of  early  dwarf  varieties  for  first  cutting,  such 
as  Veitch's  Early  Dwarf  Forcing  and  Sutton's  First 
Crop.  Both  these  varieties,  when  sown  in  February 
in  heat,  will  produce  beautiful  small  firm  heads  some 
days  earlier  than  autumn-sown  Early  London  ;  but 
they  will  not  bear  comparison  with  the  last-named 
variety  for  size,  colour,  and  flavour.  It  is,  therefore, 
advissble  to  store  a  good  batch  of  this  old  and 
valuable  v.iriety  for  spring  planting.  Likewise  a  good 
batch  of  Veitch's  Autumn  Giant  planted  out  in  the 
spring  along  with  Early  London  will  be  sure  to  prove 
useful  where  an  unbroken  supply  of  Cauliflower  is 
valued.  The  plants  should  be  stored  for  the  winter 
either  under  ordinary  handlights,  on  the  open  quarters, 
or  planted  out  in  frames  near  the  glass.  For  those 
placed  under  handlights  the  soil  should  be  well 
manured  prior  to  planting  them  out  at  the  beginninfij 
of  October,  so  that  part  of  the  contents  of  each  hand- 
light  may  remain  undisturbed  in  the  spring  to  come 
to  maturity.  Six  or  eight  plants  may  be  placed 
under  each  to  winter,  allowing  four  to  remain  in  the 
spring,  removing  the  remainder  to  the  open  ground 
after  severe  weather  has  passed.  Any  plants  left  in 
the  seed-beds  may  be  lifted  and  replanted  several 
inches  apart  on  the  same  bed  ;  during  mild  winters 
they  frequently  pull  through  and  prove  useful.  G.  //, 
Richards,  Somerley,  Ringitiood,  Hants. 


368 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,   18 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  4  Morris' 
I       ■■ 
Monday,       Sept.  21  -j  ' 


Wednesday,  Si 


{Clearance    Sale  of  Greenhouse   Plams,  : 
Pounce's  Nursery,  Hendon,  bv  Prothcrc 
&  Morris. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Protheroe    & 
i       Mortis'  Rooms. 
,  ;  Great  Trade  Sale  ol  Ferns,  &c.,  at  Reeves' 

-ept-  ?4  ^       Nursery,  Acton,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris 

Sale  o(    Imported  Orchids    in    variety,  at 
L      Stevens'  Rooms 
P     ,        i  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 
SfP'   'S  \      Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Sept.  :6  J       Rooms. 

1  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


THE  cultivation  of  Grapes  in  the  Open  Air 
without  further  protection  than  that 
afforded  by  a  wall  with  a  southern  aspect,  has 
been  considered  of  sufficient  importance  by 
various  provincial  horticultural  societies  to 
induce  them  to  offer  annual  prizes  for  their 
production.  It  must  be  admitted,  however, 
that  such  productions  are  usually  unsatisfactory. 
But  even  last  year  some  very  fair  crops  of  out- 
door Grapes  were  ripened  in  various  neigh- 
bourhoods, and  should  the  weather  of  the 
present  autumn  continue  favourable,  a  still 
more  favourable  result  may  be  expected. 

Indeed,  it  appears  quite  possible  that  if  out- 
door Grapes  had  even  a  tithe  of  the  attention 
bestowed  upon  them  which  it  is  considered 
necessary  to  devote  to  the  same  kind  of  fruit 
when  grown  under  glass,  the  result  might  be 
much  more  satisfactory  than  it  usually  is.  The 
varieties  of  the  Grape  Vine  which  may  with 
reasonable  prospects  of  success  be  recom- 
mended for  open-air  culture  in  this  country  are 
few  in  number.  The  well-known  Black  Ham- 
burgh variety  has  been  known  to  ripen  its  fruit 
in  the  open  air  under  exceptionally  favourable 
circumstances,  but  the  chances  of  its  doing  so 
are  so  uncertain,  indeed  so  improbable,  that  it 
cannot  be  recommended  for  open-air  culture. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Black  Esperione,  which 
is  an  excellent  variety,  may  be  recommended 
for  the  purpose,  being  an  abundant  bearer, 
while  the  fruit  is  of  good  quality,  although  the 
variety  is  less  frequently  grown  than  it  deserves 
to  be.  Black  Prince  is  also  an  e.xcellent  variety, 
and  in  favourable  seasons  will  ripen  its  fruit 
satisfactorily  on  a  south  wall  in  the  open  air. 
The  only  other  black  variety  is  the  Black 
Cluster  ;  the  fruit  is  sweet,  without  much 
flavour,  and  the  bunches  and  the  berries  are 
small,  but  it  will  ripen  its  fruit  in  most  seasons. 
Of  white  sorts  which  can  be  recommended 
for  open-air  culture  possibly  the  best  is  the 
well  known  Royal  Muscadine,  but  Grove 
End  Sweetwater,  which  is  also  an  excellent 
variety,  will  succeed  equally  well.  Buckland 
Sweetwater  produces  large  bunches  and  large 
oval-shaped  berries  of  good  quality,  but  can 
hardly  be  recommended  as  an  outdoor  variety, 
unless  in  an  exceptionally  favourable  situation  ; 
a  few  years  since,  however,  a  plant  of  this 
variety  was  inadvertently  planted  upon  a  south 
wall,  and  last  year  it  ripened  its  fruit  very  satis- 
factorily, and  it  has  every  appearance  of  doing 
the  same  during  the  present  season.  To  secure 
success  with  this  variety  in  the  open  air  it  is 
necessary  that  the  berries  in  each  bunch  should 
be  well  thinned  out. 

In  all  cases  where  Vines  are  planted  out-of- 
doors  it  is  necessary  that  properly  prepared  and 
ample  root-room  should  be  provided  for  them  ; 
but  for  Vines  in  the  open  air  a  rich  border  is 
not  necessary,  moderately  rich  and  well-drained 
soil  being  all  that  is  required.  The  Grape  Vine 
being  a  remarkably  accommodating  plant,  will 
make  the  best  of  unfavourable  circumstances, 
as  in  cases  where  no  particular  care  has  been 
bestowed  upon  it,  and  even  where  the  roots  are 
necessarily  under  a  paved  or  asphalted  yard,  a 
gravel  path,  or  a  hard  roadway.  But  such 
Vines  in  general  suffer  more  from  the  neglect 
and   mismanagement    of    their  branches   and 


foliage  than  from  neglect  as  regards  their  roots, 
which,  if  left  to  themselves,  will  in  most 
instances  make  successful  efforts  to  take  care 
of  themselves.  At  the  same  time  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  they  may  be  greatly  bene- 
fited, and  their  crop  of  fruit  augmented,  and  its 
quality  improved,  by  the  timely  application  of 
rich  mulchings,  liquid  manure  well  diluted,  or 
even  copious  watering  with  rain  or  river  water 
during  dry  periods. 

Where  it  is  desired  to  cover  a  wall  or  portion 
of  wall  with  Grape  Vines  theie  are  two  methods 
which  may  be  successfully  followed.  As  regards 
the  first  method,  as  soon  as  the  border  or  bed 
of  soil  to  contain  the  roots  of  the  plants  has 
been  prepared,  strong  cuttings  of  the  desired 
sorts  may  be  inserted  in  the  soil  in  front  of  the 
wall,  at  a  distance  of,  say,  3  inches  from  it  ; 
these  cuttings  may  be  inserted  at  about  a  foot 
apart.  This  is  in  the  expectation  that  each 
cutting  will  grow,  which  will  generally  be  found 
to  be  the  case  ;  but  to  guard  against  anything 
like  failure  in  this  respect  the  cutlings  may  be 
put  in  closer  together,  and  the  superfluous  ones 
may  afterwards  be  weeded  out.  These  cuttings 
will  strike  root  freely  enough  in  the   ordinary 


soil  of  the  border,  but  iii  order  to  facilitate  this 
process  a  small  portion  of  sifted  leaf-mould 
and  silver-sand  in  equal  parts  may  be  placed 
around  the  base  of  each  cutting,  which  should 
be  inserted  as  early  in  the  autumn  as  they  can 
be  obtained.  If  this  is  duly  attended  to,  each 
cutting  will  be  found  to  have  callused,  and 
even  to  have  emitted  roots,  before  winter  fairly 
sets  in  ;  and  in  the  following  spring  each  rooted 
cutting,  which  will  be  at  a  distance  of  i  foot 
from  each  other,  should  be  allowed  to  produce 
one  sho  It,  which  should  be  secured  to  the  wall. 
This  shoot,  being  the  production  of  the  first 
season  of  the  plant's  existence,  will  necessarily 
be  weak,  and  should,  in  the  autumn,  be  cut 
back  to  the  base,  and  during  the  second  season 
each  plant  ought  to  ripen  a  shoot,  3  or  4  feet  in 
length,  which  will  furnish  fruit  during  the  third 
year. 

The  second  method  of  furnishing  or  covering 
the  face  of  a  south  wall  with  the  Grape  Vine  is 
to  use  for  the  purpose  plants  established  in 
pots,  and  these  may  either  be  planted  early  in 
the  autumn,  or  in  the  following  spring  ;  in  either 
case  the  roots  should  be  carefully  spread  out  in 
planting,  and  the  surface  of  the  soil  should  be 
mulched  with  litter  of  some  sort,  to  check 
evaporation,  and  to  keep  the  roots  in  an  equable 


temperature.  The  Vines  need  not  be  planted 
nearer  to  each  other  than  6  feet,  more  or  less, 
and  the  rod  should  be  cut  back  to  nearly  the 
surface  of  the  soil.  Each  plant  should  be 
allowed  to  produce  two  shoots,  which  should 
during  the  first  season  be  trained  vertically, 
and  encouraged  as  much  as  possible.  In 
the  autumn  these  will  probably  have  become 
strong  rods,  and  should  be  pruned  and 
brought  down  to  the  horizontal  position,  train- 
ing one  to  the  right  and  the  other  to  the 
left  at  a  distance  of  i  foot  from  the  surface  of 
the  soil.  From  these  vertical  shoots,  at  i  foot 
apart,  should  be  trained  as  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration (fig.  80)  during  the  second  season,  which 
will  also  bear  a  crop  during  the  third.  By 
either  of  these  methods  the  surface  of  a  wall  of 
any  reasonable  height  may  soon  be  covered. 

When  the  wall  on  which  the  Vines  are  to  be 
trained  is  low,  say  some  5  or  6  feet  high,  the 
long-rod  system  of  training  is  possibly  the  best. 
This  consists  in  annually  training  a  young  rod, 
or  shoot,  from  the  bottom,  to  take  the  place  of 
the  rod  which  bore  the  fruit  on  the  previous 
year,  which  should  be  cut  out  as  soon  as  the 
fruit  is  gathered  ;  but  where  the  wall  is  high, 
or  in  the  case  of  the  gable-end  of  a  building, 
&c  ,  the  spurring  system  will  be  found  to  be  the 
most  suitable  for  the  purpose,  being  neater,  and 
requiring  less  attention.  The  rods  should  be 
trained  vertically,  at  a  distance  of  not  less  than 
a  foot  apart,  and  should  be  cut  back  in  the 
autumn  to  a  healthy  and  well -developed 
bud ;  this  should  be  done  each  year  until 
the  top,  or  the  highest  part  of  the  wall 
it  is  desired  to  cover,  has  been  reached. 
Each  bud  will  generally  break  and  produce  a 
shoot  which  at  the  third  or  fourth  joint  will,  if 
the  Vine  is  in  good  condition,  present  an 
embryo  bunch  of  Grapes,  when  the  end  of  the 
shoot  should  be  pinched  off  at  the  first  or 
second  joint  beyond  the  bunch.  In  cases  where 
a  shoot  may  fail  to  show  a  bunch  such  shoot 
should  not  be  rubbed  off,  but  should  be  allowed 
to  develope  itself  in  all  respects  the  same  as  the 
shoots  which  show  bunches,  as  like  them  it  is 
required  to  form  a  spur  to  produce  shoots  for 
future  seasons.  When  spurs  are  fairly  formed 
upon  the  rods  each  spur  will  generally  pro- 
duce several  shoots,  and  the  best  placed  and 
most  promising  should  be  selected,  and  the 
others  rubbed  off.  When  the  flowers  are 
about  to  expand  each  shoot  with  its  bunch 
should  be  tied  back  to  the  rod  which  produced 
it.  This  is  better  than  the  practice  of  nailing 
them  to  the  space  of  wall  between  the  rods, 
having  a  neater  appearance,  leaving,  as  it 
does,  the  space  of  wall  between  the  rods  un- 
covered by  foliage,  and  exposed  to  the  influence 
of  sunshine,  and  it  consequenly  becomes 
warmed,  and  the  temperature  is  thus  increased 
more  than  would  be  the  case  were  the  surface 
of  the  wall  entirely  covered.  The  berries  in 
each  bunch  should  be  carefully  thinned-out  as 
soon  as  they  are  large  enough  to  allow  of  this 
being  done,  and  not  more  than  one  bunch 
should  be  allowed  upon  each  spur. 

The  operation  of  thinning- out  the  berries 
necessitates  some  little  trouble,  but  it  is  amply 
repaid  by  the  superior  quality  of  the  fruit  In 
the  case  of  such  varieties  as  the  Muscadine, 
which  generally  produces  small  bunches,  and  the 
berries  do  not  attain  to  a  large  size,  this  thinning 
out  may  sometimes  be  omitted ;  but  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  as  regards  such  sorts  as 
the  Esperione  and  Buckland  Sweetwater.  As 
the  season  advances,  all  leading  shoots  should 
be  stopped  when  they  have  attained  to  a  length 
of  some  5  feet,  as  this  tends  to  strengthen  the 
lower  part  of  the  shoot,  and  not  more  than  3  or 
4  feet  of  young  wood  can  be  expected  to 
thoroughly  lipen  in  one  season  in  the  open  air. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  preserve  the  foliage 
of  the  spurs  in  a  healthy  condition,  particularly 
the  leaf  in  immediate  connection  with  the 
bunch,    which     if     removed    or    injured,    will 


September  19,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


369 


materially  effect  the  development  of  the  fruit. 
At  the  same  time  all  laterals,  as  they  are  called, 
should  be  repeatedly  stopped,  for  if  allowed  to 
grow  unrestricted,  they  only  tend  to  waste  the 
energies  of  the  Vine,  unduly  shade  the  fruit, 
and  injure  the  leaves  which  it  is  so  desirable  to 
retain  in  a  vigorous  and  healthy  condition.  In 
this  respect,  however,  it  too  frequently  happens 
that  the  Grape  Vine  in  the  open  air  is  sadly 
neglected. 

Taken  altogether,  it  may  possibly  be 
concluded  that,  during  mo3t  seasons,  this 
crop  might  with  very  little  more  care  and 
attention  than  is  usually  bestowed  upon  it,  be 
rendered  more   satisfactory  than   is   generally 


at  any  rate,  on  the  Continent  the  pods  are  produced 
much  more  freely  than  they  are  in  this  country.  Once 
or  twice  we  have  seen  pods  of  the  white  variety  from 
the  nursery  either  of  Mr.  Parker  or  Mr.  Noble. 

The    Aberdeen   Show. — At  the    recent 

flower  show  at  Aberdeen  held  in  connection  with  the 
British  Association,  the  Queen's  prize  for  the  best 
collection  was  carried  oft  by  Mr.  P.  W.  Fairgrieve, 
gardener  to  the  Dowager-Duchess  of  Athole.  His 
csllection  consisted  of  Black  Alicante  and  White 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes  ;  Nectarine — Pitmaston 
Orange  ;  Peaches — Royal  George  and  Noblesse  ; 
Plums— Victoria  and  Guthrie's  Gage  ;  Pear— Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey  ;  Apricot — Shipler's  ;  Melon — Dun- 
keld  Seedling'.  The  collection  from  Haddo  House, 
which  was  2d,  was  also  very  fine.     Mr.  Alexander 


It  will  be  hung  in  the  herbarium,  which  owes  so 
much  to  his  liberality,  arid  in  which  he  accomplished 
so  much  of  his  life-work  and  where  (in  conjunc- 
tion with  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker)  he  elaborated  the 
Genera  Plantarum, 

Saccolabium  Heathi. — We  have  received 

a  white  bloom  of  a  Saccolabium  under  the  above 
name,  which  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  S.  Blumei, 
The  colour  is  a  pure  white,  and  the  spike,  as  seen  in 
an  accompanying  photograph,  of  great  length.  It 
will  be  a  welcome  addition  to  the  genus. 

The   Caister  Life-boat  Relief   Fund. 

—The  Covent  Garden  branch  of  this  fund  has 
remitted  the  sum  of  i;363  lo^.  to  the  local  committee. 
Covent  Garden  or  the  traders  therein  are  not  only 


Fig,  81. — THE  wistaria  at  shrubb's  hill,  sunningdale, 


found  to  be  the  case.  In  France  the  berries  are 
used  in  puddings  and  as  conserves,  but  on  the 
whole  the  chief  use  of  outdoor  Grapes  is  for 
ornamental  purposes,  for  few  plants  form  a 
handsomer  cover  for  walls.  For  economic 
purposes,  other  fruit  trees  fill  the  space  better  ; 
but  as  there  are  many  who  have  a  sentimental 
regard  for  the  Vine,  the  above  remarks  may 
be  useful. 

Wistaria. — The  tree  here  figured  (fig.  Si) 

from  the  garden  of  J.  B.  ToRRY,  Esq.,  Shrubb's  Hill, 
Sunningdale,  covers  a  wall  9  feet  high  for  a  length 
of  340  feet.  These  figures  will  suffice  to  show  what 
a  wealth  of  beauty  and  delicate  colour  must  be  pre- 
sented by  this  tree.  Our  summers  are  rarely  hot 
enough  to  enable  the  pods  to  ripen ;  possibly  our 
insects  do  not  fulfil  their  duties  as  marriage  priests ; 


fiuRNS,  jun.,  Aberdeen,  exhibited  an  attractive  col- 
lection of  fruits.  The  show  of  vegetables  was  good 
in  every  section,  the  Potatos,  Onions,  Leeks,  Cab- 
bages, &c. ,  being  all  of  fine  size,  shape,  and  quality. 

Packing  Grapes. — In  our  description  last 

week  of  the  best  mode  of  packing  Grapes  we  omitted 
to  say  that  the  basket  in  which  the  Grapes  were 
placed  was  lined  with  a  layer  of  wadding  covered 
with  tissue  paper, 

The  Bentham  Portrait.— The  portrait  of 

the  late  George  Bentham,  copied  from  that  in  the 
possession  of  the  Linnean  Society,  at  the  expense  of 
a  number  of  friends  of  the  deceased  botanist,  has 
been  presented  in  the  name  of  the  subscribers  to  the 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  by  Sir  John  Lubbock.     The 

.  portrait  is  slightly  modified  from  the  original,  and  is 
superior  to  it  in  the  opinion  of  some  as  a  likeness. 


munificent  supporters  of  the  Gardeners'  Royal  Bene- 
volent, but  they  recognise  the  claims  of  the  Lifeboat 
Institution  also.  The  sad  disaster  which  the  present 
subscription  is  intended  to  alleviate  befel  the  crew  of 
the  boat  established  by  the  good  feeling  and  liberality 
of  "  Covent  Garden," 

The  "Botanical  Magazine." — The  Sep- 
tember number  of  the  Botanical  Magazine  contains 
coloured  figures  and  authentic  descriptions  of  the 
following  plants  : — 

Anthnrium  Glaziovii,  tab.  6S33. — Astove  Aroid,  of 
tufted  habit,  the  leaf-stalks  thickened  at  the  top, 
blades  oblong  acute,  with  prominent  and  distant  veins. 
Peduncle  as  long  as  the  leaves,  spathe  lanceolate,  re- 
curved, purplish  on  the  inner  surface.  Spadix  longer 
than  the  spathe,  terete,  conic,  purplish-red.  The 
plant  is  supposed  to  be  a  native  of  Rio,  and  flowered 
at  Kew. 


370 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  ig,  |8 


rcntilemon  Meiizicsii  var.  Scouleii,  tab.  6834.— A 
beautiful,  slightly  shrubby  species,  native  of  British 
Columl)ia  and  northern  California,  with  narrow 
oblanceolale  serrate  leaves,  and  erect  racemes  of  pale 
rosy-lilac,  two-lipped  flowers,  each  about  2  inches 
long. 

Arclolis  aureola  and  ^.  rcvoluta,  tab.  6S35.— Very 
handsome  Cape  Composites,  like  Gazanias,  suitable 
for  greenhouse  decoration,  or  for  outdoor  beds  in 
summer. 

Diiiyiiiosfci-ma  naniim,  tab.  6S36.— A  dwarf  Talm, 
not  exceeding  2  feet  in  height,  with  pinnate  green, 
glabrous  leaves  obliquely  wedge-shaped,  erose  pinr.Te 
and  erect  cylindrical  flower-spikes.  It  is  a  native  of 
Assam. 

Piimtih  Auricula,  tab.  6S37.  —  This  yellow- 
flowered  alpine  species,  with  obovate  cuneate  leaves 
with  pale  margins  and  mealy  under-iurface,  is  figured 
in  view  ol  the  coming  I'rimula  Conference,  as  its  re- 
lation to  the  garden  Auricula  is  not  wholly  made  out. 

FiowER    Shows.  —  Speaking    recently    at 

Paisley  Major  COATS  remarked  that  few  of  the  general 
public  who  attended  these  shows  fully  appreciated 
the  kindness  of  those  gentlemen  who  provided  these 
displays,  It  was  not  only  the  trouble  of  sending  the 
flowers,  but  the  damage  to  wjiich  the  plants  were  sub- 
jected in  the  removal,  and  the  injury  from  gas  and 
dust.  A'  Montreal  he  was  very  much  pleased  to  see  a 
scheme  conducted  by  the  Horticultural  Society.  There 
it  was  arranged  for  the  proprietors  of  greenhouses  to 
allow  the  members  of  the  Society  access  once  or  twice 
in  the  year,  on  certain  days,  to  their  conservatories. 
In  this  way  the  members  of  the  Society  had  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  the  plants  as  they  stood.  They 
were  not  disturbed  or  injured  by  moving,  and  the 
pleasure  was  very  much  extended.  In  this  way  he 
believed  the  Society  would  obtain  a  very  largely- 
increased  membership,  and  ihey  would  only  have  to 
guarantee  to  proprietors  that  great  care  should  be  ex- 
ercised, and  that  their  flowers  would  not  be  damaged. 
He  felt  sure  also  that  the  gardeners  would  be  pleased 
to  see  visitors,  and  it  would  give  them  a  stimulus  to 
keep  their  places  in  order.  This  proposal  is  already 
partially  carried  out  in  those  cases  where  flower-shows 
are  held  in  private  gardens.  We  should  be  glad  also 
to  see  garden  establishments  thrown  open  occasionally 
at  a  small  fee,  the  proceeds  to  be  given  to  the  Clar- 
deners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institution. 

Mangnall's  Questions.— It  is  deplorable 

that  our  secondary  schools  should  still  be  made  the 
means  of  conveying  such  information  (?)  as  this  :  — 
"  What  improvements  were  made  in  Mary's  time? — 
Hemp  and  flax  were  first  grown  in  England  ;  and 
the  Horse  Guards  instituted  ;  starch  was  also 
invented."    A  new  edition,  1859,  p.  131. 

The    Seed    Harvest    of    18S5. — Messrs. 

James  Carter  &  Co.  report  that  "The  peculiar 
season  we  have  experienced  has  had  the  result  of 
retarding  the  development  and  ripening  of  all  kinds 
of  seeds,  and  the  report  we  are  enabled  to  offer  at 
date  of  writing  is  consequently  not  quite  so  compre- 
hensive as  that  we  are  accustomed  to  make,  but  the 
general  estimates  we  have  embodied  may  be  relied 
upon. 

*'  Red  Clover. — In  consequence  of  the  dry  and  some- 
what irregular  season,  the  English  crop  is  later  than 
usual,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  great  scarcity  of 
animal  food  from  the  s.ime  cause  will  induce  many 
growers  who  had  intended  to  take  seed  to  convert  the 
crop  into  cattle  food.  The  low  prices  also  realised  last 
year  has  led  to  a  smaller  acreage  than  usual  being  lei  t 
for  seed,  so  that  it  is  not  expected  the  English  crop  will 
be  a  very  large  one. 

"  The  reports  from  France,  Italy,  Hungary,  Denmark, 
and  other  producing  districts,  speak  of  an  indifferent 
output,  the  extreme  drought  having  greatly  prejudiced 
the  prospects,  and  everything  depends  upon  a  good 
rainfall,  which  at  the  time  of  writing  has  not  been 
generally  experienced. 

"  From  .America  the  reports  are  not  propitious  ;  in  f  ct. 
the  estimates  of  the  crop  are  so  short  that  it  is  expected 
large  purchases  of  li^uropean  seed  will  have  to  be  made 
to  meet  the  deficiencies  for  home  consumption. 

"  Cirw  Graw.— The  limited  crop  of  this  article,  the 
production  of  which  (in  reliable  seed)  is  entirely  confined 
to  England,  promises  to  be  a  fair  average,  with  a  quality 
equal  to  that  of  last  year,  and  values  will  probably  open 
at  last  season's  closing  prices.  The  importance  of  this 
crop  is  being  more  recognised  every  year,  inasmuch  that 
foreign  Cow  Grass  is  always  of  doubtful  quality,  and  does 
not  compare  favourably  with  best  English  samples. 

"  White  Clover. — Thereisa  fair  average  crop  of  English 


seed,  which  is  expected  to  be  harvested  generally  in  good 
condition.  Reports  from  Germany,  France,  Hungary, 
Netherlands,  &c.,  and  other  Continental  producing  dis- 
tricts, point  to  the  crops  being  less  plentiful  than  last 
year.  The  quality  all  round  is  expected  to  be  quite  up 
to  last  year's  average,  and  the  ultimate  output  may  yet 
exceed  present  expectations. 

"  Alsike. — Some  very  nice  English  samples  are  coming 
forward,  and  will  be  sure  to  command  good  values,  as 
the  crop  of  this  article  on  the  Continent  is  smaller  than 
it  has  been  for  several  years.  Canadian  and  American 
reports  are  a  little  more  satisfactory,  but  the  small  quan- 
tities these  districts  produce  for  export  have  no  effect 
upon  the  general  values  or  supplies. 

"  Trefoil. — An  average  crop  both  in  English  and 
foreign  seed,  and  reasonable  prices  are  at  present  asked 
for  bright  and  bold  seed. 

"  Lucerne.— Ih'a  crop  is  likely  to  be  a  fair  average 
one. 

"  Timothy. — Reports  not  yet  perfect. 
•■Italian  v7)f-,5r<!H,— The  English  and  Scotch   crops 
have  been  secured  in  fine  condition,  and  quality  will  be 
above   the  average.      'Values  are  at  present  ruled  by 
reasonable  prices. 

' '  Perennial  Rye-gran.  — This  is  also  an  abundant  crop, 
in  excellent  quality,  and  can  be  bought  at  present  time 
upon  favourable  terms. 

•'Rape. — Is  better  in  quality  and  lower  in  value  than 
for  many  years. 

"  Sweiic  and  Turnips. — In  quality  exceedingly  good, 
but  the  crops  have  come  in  very  short  in  many  districts. 
Values  may  increase  as  the  season  advances. 

'•Mustard.— A  good  average  crop,  but  an  exceptionally 
brisk  demand  for  home  sowing  for  spring  food  has 
caused  values  to  harden  considerably. 

"  Canary  and  Hemp. — Reports  not  yet  perfect. 
"  Natural  G«j!«.— These  may  be  considered  satis- 
factory as  to  average  crop,  and  samples  generally  possess 
higher  standards  of  purity  than  they  have  shown  in 
previous  years.  There  is  necessarily  a  great  range  of 
values  in  these  articles,  as  the  price  entirely  depends 
upon  vitality  and  purity,  .^s  usual  there  is  an  abund- 
ance of  low  quality  seed  upon  the  market,  at  all  sorts  of 
prices." 

Agri-Horticui.tiiral  Society  of  India. 

— Complaints  ate  made  that  the  subscriptions  to  this 
Society  are  too  high  for  those  living  away  from  Cal- 
cutta, and  now  that  European  and  American  seeds- 
men are  establishing  agencies  in  that  city  gardeners 
can  readily  obtain  from  that  source  seeds  which 
formerly  they  could  only  obtain  conveniently  through 
the  Society. 

"Floral  Evolution."— In  these  go-ahead 

days  one  ceases  to  be  surprised  at  discoveries,  &c. , 
which  would  have  created  a  great  sensation  less  than 
a  generation  ago.  The  following  quotations,  how- 
ever, are  calculated  to  startle  or  amuse  matter-of-fact 
gardeners  who  do  not  deal  in  the  miraculous.  The 
writer  evidently  goes  as  far  beyond  Mr.  Grant 
Allen  as  that  gentleman  goes  in  advance  of  most  of 
those  who  have  accepted  the  doctrine  of  evolution. 
"I  take  the  liberty  of  sending  you  a  specimen  of 
floral  evolution.  They  are  two  blooms  of  the  Herb 
Paris  (Paris  quadrifolia).  Perhaps  you  are  aware  of 
its  existence.  If  you  deem  it  of  any  importance  I 
would  send  further  particulars,  together  with  a  seed- 
vessel  of  last  year.  The  enclosed  are  two  of  thirty 
blossoms."  It  may  be  as  well  to  state  here  that  the 
specimens  in  question  were  flowers  of  perfectly  typical 
Lilium  Martagon,  and  an  answer  to  that  effect  was 
sent  to  the  gentleman  from  whose  letter  the  above 
sentences  are  abstracted.  What  follows  reached  us 
in  a  few  posts.  "  Whatever  may  be  the  similarity  of 
Lilium  Martagon,  the  specimen  sent  has  its  origin  in 
Herb  Paris.  It  is  eighteen  years  since  I  dug  the 
plant  up  in  a  wood  in  the  neighbourhood  ;  the  plant 
was  '  ery  abundant,  so  1  secured  a  fine  specimen,  and 
it  has  remained  to  tell  a  strange  tale.  For  some 
years  it  remained  true  to  its  nature,  then  it  met  with 
a  succession  of  accidents,  from  children  and  Ihe 
ravages  of  slugs.  Three  years  ago  was  the  first  time 
in  its  new  form,  when  it  grew  a  little  over  2  feot,  and 
having  ten  blossoms.  .  .  .  Vou  may  rely  upon 
its  being  a  genuine  case  of  floral  evolution.  I  may 
say  I  have  no  other  interest  than  to  bring  to  your 
notice  an  interesting  case  in  the  botanical  world." 

The  Kew  Rockwork.— In  spite  of  the  late- 
ness of  the  season  this  looks  particularly  well.  The 
clumps  of  stately  Acanthus,  Tritomas,  Pampas-grass, 
hardy  Bamboos,  Hyacinthus  candicans,  produce  a 
very  bold  effict.  The  Eryngiums  still  remain  in 
bloom,  and  lovely  patches  ol  Cyclamen  hederifolium 
are  very  winsome.     Colchicums  and  autumn  Crocuses 


are  making  their  appearance.  Some  plants  like  the 
Bamboos  have  outgrown  the  accommodation  provided 
for  them,  producing  a  feeling  ol  incongruity,  but  con- 
sidering the  great  number  of  subjects  there  is  a  re- 
markable absence  of  that  muddled  tangle  which  ill- 
kept  rockeries  present.  The  rockery  must  decidedly 
be  considered  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  to  Kew 
of  late  years.  We  are  glad  also  to  see  improvements  in 
the  shrubbery  beds.  Too  many  of  these  consisted  of 
mere  thickets  of  common  Laurel  or  other  uninterest- 
ing shrubs,  but  now  several  of  these  have  been  re- 
placed by  beds  of  hardy  shrubs  selected  for  their 
variety,  interest,  and  beauty  of  form  and  colour,  thus 
carrying  out  the  idea  often  urged  in  these  columns,  of 
affording  to  garden  lovers  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the 
most  interesting  and  most  suitable  plants  for  the 
adornment  of  the  garden  and  specially  those  which 
are  not  generally  met  with  in  market  establishments 
or  private  gardens. 

Dasylirions.— Some  of  the  species  of  this 

genus  will  thrive  with  very  little  or  no  artificial  heat. 
In  the  Jardin  d" Acclimatation  at  Paris  we  saw  a  nice 
lot  of  plants  which  had  not  been  housed  at  all  during 
the  winter  of  1883-84  ;  these  had  withstood  without 
injury  10°  of  cold  (Centigrade).  The  only  shelter 
accorded  them  was  a  sort  of  awning  to  keep  ofl"  rain, 
&c.  The  Dasylirions  are  graceful  plants  and  are 
general  favourites  in  French  garden,  nicely  grown  ex- 
amples cultivated  in  the  open  in  Southern  France  are 
regularly  sent  to  Paris  where  they  are  used  largely  for 
the  decoration  of  apartments,  &c. 

Washingtonia   roeusta.— This  is  a  new 

Palm  described  by  Herr  Wendland  in  the  Garten 
Zeilung,  and  figured  in  a  recent  number  of  the 
Revue  Horticolc.  It  was  introduced  from  the  Sacra- 
mento River  in  California  River  in  California,  and 
may  therefore  be  treated  as  a  greenhouse  Palm,  well 
suited  for  the  decota'ion  of  apartments.  It  difi:rs 
from  W.  Pritchardia  or  Brahea  filifera  by  its  more 
robust  and  more  compact  habit,  by  its  sparse  leaves 
of  a  bright  green,  with  leaf-stalks  provided  with 
strong  short  curved  spines  ;  by  a  deep  blackish-violet 
tint  on  the  back  of  the  sheath,  more  or  less  prolonged 
on  to  the  leaf-sialk  ;  and  by  the  smaller,  rounder  leaf- 
blade.  This  Palm  thrives  in  the  South  of  France, 
where  long-continued  drought  seems  to  doit  no  harm, 
and  where  it  has  been  subjected  without  injury  to 
6'  or  7°  of  frost. 

Japanese    Plants.  —  Under    the    title    of 

Nippon  Shokubiitsumeii  :  or,  Noineiiclature  of  Japan- 
ese Plants,  in  Latin,  Japanese,  and  Chinese,  a  book 
of  some  312  pages  was  published  in  Tokio  last  year. 
It  has  been  compiled  by  Mr.  J.  Matsumura, 
Assistant  Professor  of  Botany,  and  supervised  by  Mr. 
R.  Yatake,  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  University  of 
Tokio.  The  book  is  not  one  of  a  nature  that  admits 
of  criticism,  and  we  can,  therefore,  only  say  that  as  a 
mere  reference  book  it  is  calculated  to  be  of  much 
use.  The  arrangement  is  alphabetical,  the  Latin 
names  being  placed  first,  with  the  authorities  and 
natural  orders  ;  then  the  Japanese  names,  both  in 
Japanese  and  English  characters,  and  the  Chinese 
names  in  Chinese  characters.  In  this  way  2406  plants 
are  enumerated,  alter  which  follows  three  indices, 
one  in  Japanese  characters,  another  (which  will  be 
very  useful  to  all  who  have  anything  to  do  with 
Japanese  plants  or  their  products)  of  Japanese  names 
in  English  characters,  and  another  in  Chinese.  The 
liilepage  of  the  book,  as  will  be  seen,  is  in  English, 
and  it  is  published  at  Tokio,  by  Z.  P.  Maruya  & 
Co.  The  book  is  well  bound  in  English  style,  with 
mottled  covers  and  red  edges. 

Carter's  Grasshoppers  v.  Cross  Arrows. 

— The  above  match  was  played  at  Lords',  on  the 
ground  of  the  latter  club,  on  Saturday,  in  rather  un- 
favourable weather,  the  wicket  being  heavy  and 
treacherous  and  the  light  bad.  After  a  closely  con- 
tested game  the  Grasshoppers  obtained  the  victory. 
Score  :  Cross  Arrows,  58  ;  Carter's  Grasshoppers,  59. 
The  umpires  were — Grasshoppers,  Mr.  C.  H.  Shar- 
MAN  ;  Cross  Arrows,  Mr.  J.  Grundy. 

Gardening    Appointments.  —  Mr.     H. 

ViCKERY,  late  Gardener  at  Testwood  Park,  Hants, 
has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  R.  S.  Taylor, 
Esq.,  Huntsmore  Park,  Iver,  Bucks.— Mr.  E.  Gregg, 
late  Foreman  to  Mr.  Oilman,  of  Ingestrie  Gardens, 
has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  J.  O.  Shaw,  Esq., 
Arrow  Park,  near  Birkenhead.  —  Mr.  G.  W. 
Lucas,  lately  Gardener  to  Colonel  Noel,  Clanna 
Falls,  Lydney,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  C. 
LiDDELL,  Esq.,  Peasmarsh  Place,  Sussex. — Mr, 
Prestley  Hogbin,  Head  Gardener  at  Porthgwidden 
Gardens,  Truro,  Cornwall,  is  about  to  give  up  the 
management  of  them  on  account  of  ill-health. — 
G.  H.  Goldsmith,  for  fifteen  years  Gardener  at 
Hollunden,  Tonbridge,  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  E.  G.  Loder,  Esq.,  Floore,  Weedon, 


SiiPTEMBER  19,  :885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


371 


TROLIFERATION    IN    FERNS. 

The  interesting  note  and  sketch  in  a  recent 
number  of  Ibe  Ganicncrs  Chronicle,  from  Mr.  Chas. 
Druery,  on  Ihe  various  forms  of  proliferation 
in  Asplenium  Filix-frem'na,  Eernh.,  have  recalled  to 
my  mind  the  numerous  and  varied  instances  I  have 
observed  among  Ferns  in  a  wild  state,  chiefly  in  the 
western  tropics  ;  for  it  is  in  these  and  other  such 
warm  regions,  where  the  fronds  of  Ferns  are 
perennial,  that  the  feature  is  most  common,  and 
reaches  its  greatest  development.  Following  as  our 
guide  in  classiticition  Hooker  and  Baker's  Syuopsis 
Filicuin,  we  find  that  the  large  sub-order  Polypodiacea; 
includes  nearly  all,  though  not  quite  all,  the  instances 
of  proliferation.  Taking  the  tribes  of  that  sub-order, 
we  find  that  it  is  rare  or  infrequent  in  Cyathear, 
Hymenophyllece,  Dicksoniere,  Davallieaj,  Pieridea:, 
Grammatideas,  and  Acrostichese,  while  Blechnea, 
Asplenica;,  Aspidiex,  and  Polypodiere,  contain  the 
bulk  of  the  examples.  In  Asplenieae  it  is  probably 
more  frequent  than  in  all  the  other  tribes  together, 
but  in  no  one  is  it  absolutely  absent.  In  the 
genera  it  is  not  so  general,  and  there  are 
several  in  which  no  instance  has  been  observed. 
The  part  of  the  plant  in  which  it  manifests  itself 
varies,  but  is  constant  in  any  single  species.  Taking 
a  general  review,  however,  of  the  proliferous  species, 
the  feature  is  exhibited  in  one  or  another  on  all  parts 
of  the  vascular  system,  from  the  roots  which  spread 
like  threads  through  the  ground  to  the  tips  of  the 
more  slender  ribs  which  ramify  to  the  margins  of  the 
leaves;  but  I  have  never  found  it  on  all  these  parts 
of  any  one  species  in  a  wild  stale.  As  a  supplement 
in  reproduction  to  the  normal  generative  function  in 
Ferns,  proliferation  exhibits  three  very  distinct,  and, 
in  each  case,  very  definite  forms,  which  are  early 
recognised  as  distinct  by  the  most  casual  observer. 
Two  of  these  are  limited  to  three  of  the  smaller 
genera,  while  the  third  is  common  to  many  species  of 
several  genera. 

These  forms  of  proliferation  are:  — Ist,  the  formation 
of  fleshy  bulbils  or  tubers  ;  2d,  stolons  ;  and  3d,  ordi- 
nary vegetative  buds.  Examples  of  the  (irst  are  found 
in  Cystopleris  bulbifera,  and  in  two  or  three 
species  of  Nephrolepis.  In  the  former  they  arise  an 
the  fronds,  and  in  the  latter  on  the  subterraneous 
roots.  Both  bulbils  and  tubers  are  of  a  firm  fleshy 
substance,  and  can  consequently  remain  dormant 
without  injury  several  months,  should  Ihe  conditions 
affecting  growth  be  unfavourable  to  their  immediate 
vegetation,  which  stale  is  generally  the  case  with  one 
of  the  examples  mentioned,  because  of  the  severity  of 
the  winter  over  the  greater  part  of  its  range  and 
frequently,  in  the  other  instance,  because  of  periods 
of  drought  acting  with  the  dry  and  rather  bare  situa- 
tions in  which  the  plants  are  as  a  rule  found.  The 
bulbils  are  composed  of  two  or  more  fleshy  lobes, 
like  cotyledons,  from  the  base  of  which  the  germ 
starts,  somewhat  as  the  plumule  does  in  a  Tea.  The 
tubers  are  solid,  small,  like  some  of  the  wild  species 
of  Potatos,  and  they  vegetate  from  the  surface  in  a 
similar  manner. 

The  second  form — the  production  of  stolons — occurs 
in  Blechnum  and  Nephrolepis.  Wiry  shoots  are 
thrown  out  above  the  surface  of  the  ground,  several 
inches  to  a  loot  or  more  long,  which  root  and  form  a 
plant  at  the  extremity.  When  established  these  effect 
other  removes  of  the  same  character,  and  so  the 
plants  spread  over  the  surrounding  ground,  cover 
banksor  rocks,  or  ascend  the  trunks  of  trees,  and  in  the 
West  Indies  are,  not  inaptly,  called  Walking  Ferns. 
This  form  of  proliferation  differs  materially  from  the 
rest,  but  the  same  free  diffusion  is  attained  by  several 
species  which  are  exclusively  subjects  of  that. 

The  third  fo  m— the  formation  of  vegetative  tuds — 
i=,  as  I  have  said,  the  most  common,  and  affects 
numerous  species  of  several  genera.  Though  plenti- 
fully illustrated  in  very  diverse  genera,  it  is, 
as  before  hinted,  probably  most  frequent  among  the 
Asplenia.  Due  partly  to  a  corresponding  difTer- 
ence  of  habit,  and  partly  to  the  position  on  the 
fronds  in  which  the  buds  are  produced,  it  falls  into 
two  distinct  divisions.  In  the  first  of  these  the  buds 
become  established  at  a  very  early  stage  in  their  career 
while  still  connected  with  the  parent  plant ;  in  the 
second  they  have  to  pass  through  a  probationary  period, 
and  are  at  length  separated  from  the  parent  before  they 
attain,  or  even  begin  to  attain,   the  fixture  in  terra 


firma  necessary  for  their  survival.  To  the  former 
belong  rootbuds,  which,  being  already  in  the  soil,  no 
element  ever  disturbs  the  even  and  uneventful 
course  of  Iheir  development,  and  the  majority  of 
terminal  buds,  i.e.,  those  which  arise  at  or  near  the 
extremity  of  the  rachises  or  ribs  of  prostrate  or  arch- 
ing fronds.  Where  the  end  of  the  spreading  frond 
might  not  perhaps  reach  the  surface  of  the  ground 
the  bud  is  often  projected  on  a  slender,  much  elongated, 
flagelliform  tail  in  order  more  certainly  to  accomplish 
this.  The  conneclion  remains,  and  aided,  no  doubt, 
as  much  by  this,  at  least  during  the  earlier  dayi,  as  by 
what  it  gathers  by  its  own  incipient  feeders,  the  deve- 
lopment to  the  adolescent  state  is  relatively  ;  com- 
pared to  that  in  the  other  subdivision,  a  rapid  one. 
These  are  the,-instances  in  this  division  to  which  I 
have  adverted  as  resembling  in  the  facility  they  thus 
possess  of  spreading  the  truly  stoloniferous  species. 
In  a  few  cases,  in  which  the  habii  of  frond  is. 
pinnatiform,  the  buds  are  produced  at  the  ends 
of  the  pinnre  generally,  taking  the  place  of  a 
terminal  leaflet,  as  well  as  at  the  end  of  the  frond 
itself.  In  other  cases,  in  which  it  is  simply  lobed  or 
more  or  less  entire,  they  spring  from  the  margin, 
usually  from  a  crenature  or  sinus.  In  the  other  sub- 
division the  buds  are  produced  on  some  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  frond  distant  from  the  ground,  or 
sufficiently  clear  to  prevent  conneclion.  In  some  of 
Ihe  larger  species  they  are  elevated  several  feet  above 
it.  Here  they  are  more  copiou?,  often  most  abun- 
dantly so,  occupying  the  axils  of  the  pinnne,  and 
frequently  other  parts  of  the  vascular  surface.  During 
the  embryonic  stage  they  are  sustained  enlirely  as 
outgrowths  from  the  parent  frond,  but  gradually  they 
emit  rudimentary  fronds  and  rootlets,  which  succes- 
sively increase  in  5>ze  and  efficiency,  and  thus  they 
become  strictly,  for  the  time,  ae/ial  sut>jects,  deriving 
as  the  parent  fronds  become  enfeebled  by  age,  or 
their  connection  with  them  is  reduced  by  the  slow 
process  of  disarticulation,  which  operates  at  least  in 
more  cases,  and  possibly,  to  some  extent,  in  all,  their 
sustenance  from  the  atmosphere. 

Thus  existing,  they  are   prepared   to  bear  success- 
fully the  period  while  unconnected   that  must  elapse, 
in  the  case  of  each,  after  they  fall,  or  are  dislodged, 
from  the  elevated  home  in  which  their  infancy  has 
been  spent.     How  efl'ectual  this  preparation   is  may 
be   seen   by   the  rapidity  with  which    they   become 
established,  and,  if  the  weather  be  favourable,  with- 
out the  least  indication  of  suffering  in  the  course  of 
effecting  this.     A  plant  taken  from  the  ground,  laid 
side  by  side  with  one  of  them,  would   perish  in  the 
same  time.     In  other  instances,  which,  however,  are 
comparatively  rare,  the  same  result  is  attained  in  a  dif- 
ferent way.    Instead  of  throwing  out  roots  and  foliage, 
or  at  most  doing  so  only  very  tardily,  Ihe  bud   slowly 
swells  into  a    strong,  scale-covered,   fleshy  rhizome, 
which,  after  it  drops,  will  endure  for  a  considerable  time 
very  adverse  conditions,  should  such  by  any  chance 
be   encountered.     I  have  seen  these  curious  rhizomes 
an  inch  or  two  long,  and  as  thick  as  one's  finger  or 
thumb.     These  derive  all  their  nourishment  from  the 
frond  to  which  for  a  considerable  period  they  remain 
tenaciously   attached.       Root-buds   occur   in    several 
species,  but  their  true  origin  among  wild  plants  is  not 
always  recognised,  for,  springing  up,  often  plentifully, 
around   the    parent    plants,    they   look    like    normal 
spore-produced  ones.       Species    of    several    genera, 
which     else      resemble     each      other     very     little, 
have    this    characleristic    in     commori.       In     none 
of  the   cases    I    can    recall    does    foliage    prolifera- 
tion   accompany   root    proliferation.     In    infrequent 
cases    buds    arise    on    the    naked    petioles    of    the 
fronds.     The  most  remarkable  instance  I  remember 
of  this  is  in  Asplenium  monanthemum,  L.,  which  has 
slender   polished,    indurated  stipes,    quite  devoid   of 
any  hollow  or  nidus,  such  as  in  other  species  the  hud 
usually  originates  in.     The   stems  of  tree  Ferns  occa- 
sionally become  bifurcated  by  budding  at  or  near  the 
crown.     In  a  few  arborescent  species,  too,  buds  nor- 
mally spring  from  the  base  of  the  primary  stem,  and 
from   other  shorter  stems   around   that.      The  most 
abundantly  proliferous  species  have  the  most  multi- 
fidly  divided    fronds.      Such    are    occasionally   seen 
literally  covered  with  the  developed  buds. 

Among  the  more  leafy  species  in  which  the  feature 
is  also  freely  developed  the  buds  occasionally  appear 
as  if  growing  in  the  membranous  surface  ;  really,  how- 
ever, they  are  on  the  slender  ribs  which  run  through 
it.  Other  species,  again,  as  I  have  said,  exhibit  Ihe 
feature  around  the  margins  of  the  leaves.  Hemi- 
onites    palmata,    Linn.,  and  some  varieties  of   Cera 


topteris  are  instances  of  this  form,  in  both  of  which 
It  occurs  on  the  prostrate  unsoriferous  fronds.  There 
are  other  instances,  too,  of  dimorphic  species,  in 
which  bud-production  is  mainly  but  not  uniformly 
confined  to  the  barren  fronds.  In  all  such 
cases  these  frondi  are  more  or  less  prostrate,  while 
the  soriferousi  ones,  in  which  it  is  infrequent  or  quite 
absent,  are  erect.  In  Polypodium  reptans,  Sw. ,  As- 
pidium  ilicifolium,  Fee,  and  J'adyenia,  as  instances 
among  others,  the  former  are  radicant  at  the  apex, 
while  the  latter  are  not.  In  these  dimorphic  cases  the 
form  of  reproduction  possessed  by  each  kind  of  frond 
serves  its  own  purpose  best,  and  is  most  effectual.  Tne 
soriferous  or  fertile  fronds  being  elevated,  the  spores 
when  shed  are  more  likely  to  reach  new  ground  quite 
clear  of  the  old  plants,  and  thus  afford  abetter  chance 
of  survival  to  the  plants  they  produce,  while  the 
buds  of  the  prostrate  sterile  ones  being  close 
to  the  ground  can  root  immediately  into  it  without 
having  to  pass  through  the  precarious  unattached 
period  which  is  the  lot  of  aerial  buds,  as  already 
described,  for  undoubtedly  there  are  risks  of  damage 
or  complete  destruction  by  drought  or  floods  of  ram 
(ihat  may  wash  away  or  bury  them),  as  well  as  the 
ravages  of  many  herbivorous  creatures  which  esta- 
blished plants,  though  quite  as  small,  can  bear  wiih 
liitle  loss.    G.  S.  Jenman. 

(r.,  be  conlinuci.) 


HARDY     ORNAMENTAL 
SHRUBS. 

Fuciisiv  Ricc.VRTONi  is  a  meet  companion  to 
Hydrangeas.  I  am  not  aware  of  any  two 
shrubs  that  are  more  suitable  for  p'anting  in  close 
proximity.  Mass  planting  is  also  most  suitable  for 
this  Fuchsia,  for  when  in  large  irregular  clumps  -Ihe 
flowers  are  shoivn  to  much  better  perfection  than  is 
the  case  with  single  specimens,  be  ihey  ever  so  line. 
Just  now  it  is  a  grand  sight  to  see  the  edges  of 
park  woods  glistening  wilh  the  red  and  purple  flowers 
of  this  most  profuse  blooming  plant,  more  especially 
if  at  irregular  distances  apart  good-sized  patches  of 
Ihe  Hydrangea  have  been  inserted.  Alihough  not 
hardy  in  Scotland  generally,  yet  in  England  this 
pretty  shrub  is  seldom  killed  outright,  although 
frequently  cut  over  by  the  ground  during  severe  frost. 
This,  however,  injures  it  but  little,  as  it  throws  up  as 
strongly  from  the  root  the  following  spring,  and 
blooms  so  profusely  as  to  almost  tempt  one  into  the 
belief  that  such  treatment  is  really  necessary  for  its 
full  development.  Along  the  coast  it  is  frequently 
met  wilh  over  to  feet  in  height  (I  have  measured  one 
specimen  16  feet),  where,  during  the  months  of  August 
and  September,  it  is  a  floral  treat  of  the  most  delicate 
appearance  and  the  richest  beauty. 

The  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara, 
although  seldom  grown  for  decorative  purposes,  has, 
we  think,  a  claim  for  admission  into  the  wild  gar- 
den,  if  only  in  its  clusters  of  purple  flowers  with 
conspicuous  yellow  anthers  —  colours  that  are 
ceitainly  unusual  amongst  the  flowers  of  our  gar- 
dens. To  see  this  plant  in  perfection  it  should  be 
allowed  free  scope  amongst  other  rather  dense  grow- 
ing shrubs  where  the  long  flexuous  stems  will  receive 
that  support  which  their  rather  weak  nature  demands, 
and  where  the' terminal  cymes  of  flowers,  peeping  just 
above  their  support,  will,  during  the  summer  months, 
prove  a  source  of  attraction.  The  reddish  berries  also 
are  very  ornamental. 

ESCALLONIAS. 

Amongst  these  will  be  found  several  distinct  and 
interesting  plants,  most  of  which  are  well  suited  for 
the  climate  of  this  country  where  choice  of  situation  is 
to  be  taken  into  account  at  time  of  planling.  When  in 
its  best  condition  few  of  these  are  more  lovely  than 
E.  macranlha,  a  plant  that  richly  deserves  extended 
cultivation  in  our  gardens.  It  is  most  frequently  seen 
as  a  wall  plant,  but  it  certainly  looks  best  as  a  border 
shrub  where  the  situation  is  suitable,  and  aslight  protec- 
tion aftorded  from  the  prevailing  winds  of  the  district. 
Planted  as  a  single  specimen  it  frequently  attains  a 
height  of  6  feet,  when  it  becomes  a  branching  erect 
shrub,  wilh  shining  oblong  or  elliptical  leaves,  and 
large  crimson-red  flowers.  It  does  specially  well 
by  ihe  sea.  The  white  flowered  E.  Philippiana, 
introduced  a  few  years  ago  from  South  America, 
is  perhaps  the  most  ornamental  of  the  genu=, 
the  slender  growth,  spreading  habit,  and  dense 
sprays  of  pretty  white  blooms  and  buds  rendering  Ihe 


372 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


(September  19,  18 


plant   one   of  the    most  tffective  for  outdoor  cmbe- 
lishment. 

The  Syrian  Hibiscus  (H.  Syriacus) 
is  another  shrub  of  far  too  rare  occurrence  in  our 
gardens,  more  particularly  when  we  consider  its 
beauty  as  an  autumn  flowering  plant,  and  that  it  was 
introduced  in  Parkinson's  time,  or  early  in  the  six- 
teenth century.  Of  medium  height,  seldom  exceed- 
ing 6—8  feet,  perfectly  hardy,  and  by  no  means 
particular  as  to  choice  of  soil,  so  that  it  is  not  over- 
wet  this  shrub  is  well  adapted  for  planting  as  isolated 
specimens  on  the  lawn,  or  intermixing  with  evergreens 
along  the  outskirts  of  plantations.  The  flowers  are 
usually  of  a  reddish-purple  (this  is,  I  believe,  the 
typical  colour),  but  the  plant  is  so  variable  in  this 
respect  that  there  are  many  really  distinct  forms  or 
varieties  in  cultivation,  including  white,  yellow,  rose, 
purple,  violet,  and  striped.  Then  there  are  the 
double  white  and  double  purple  kinds,  as  well  as 
one  with  variegated  foliage,  which  latter  is  a  very 
distinct  and  ornamental  shrubbery  plant.  This  plant 
is  also  known  under  'the  name  of  Althaea  frutex. 

Rhus  cotinus. 

Than  this  or  the  Venetian  Sumach  there  are  few 
more  striking  objects  in  the  autumn,  but  more  espe- 
cially when  seen  in  the  evening  under  the  rays  of  a 
setting  sun,  being  green  in  the  shade,  but  of  an  in- 
tense crimson  in  the  sunlight.  The  light,  feathery 
inflorescence  imparts  a  very  peculiar  appearance  to 
the  shrub,  the  simple  rounded  leaves  on  long  petioles 
still  further  adding  to  its  beauty. 

This  is  a  somewhat  neglected  shrub  in  our  grounds, 
for  although  introduced  more  than  200  years  ago,  one 
seldom  sees  it,  aUhough  its  value  for  autumn  decoration 
places  it  in  the  first  rank  amongst  deciduous  flowering 
plants. 

The  Stag's-horn  Sumach,  R.  typhina,  from  North 
America,  is  another  worthy  member  of  this  family, 
with  dense  clusters  of  variously  coloured  flowers,  and 
deeply  serrated  leaflets.  R.  glabra,  although  not  so 
showy  as  the  latter,  is  yet  well  worthy  of  introduc- 
tion, for  the  ornamental  foliage  and  bright  red  berries 
render  it  at  various  times  both  decided  and  con- 
spicuous. There  is  a  variety  of  the  latter  with  beauti- 
fully cut  Fern  like  foliage — known,  indeed,  as  the 
Fern-leaved  Sumach  (R.  glabra  laciniata)  with  a 
good  compact  habit,  and  perfectly  hardy.  All  the 
Sumachs  do  well  in  ordinary  soil,  require  but  little 
attention,  and  are  readily  propagated  from  cuttings. 
A.  D.  Wsbster. 


nished  with  a  joint,  or  septum,  across  the  middle. 
These  are  the  Puccinia  spores  :  the  orange  coloured 
Uredo  spores  germinate  at  once,  as  soon  as  they  are 
produced ;  the  Puccinia  spores,  on  the  contrary, 
generally  rest,  sometimes  for  a  long  period,  before 
germinating  :  they  are  potentially  resting-spores. 

It  often  happens  in  plants  invaded  by  Puccinia 
that  a  fungus  named  /Ecidium  grows  on  the  same 
host  plants ;  this  is  the  case  in  the  plant  before  us, 
as  Dr.  Winter  says  the  /Ecidium  was  found  in  iSSo. 
The  belief,  however,  is  by  no  means  accepted  by  all 
botanists,  that  Puccinia  and  /Ecidium  must  be  geneti- 
cally connected. 

No  /Ecidium  has  been  seen  on  the  Kew  plants,  but 
all  the  evidence  tends  to  show  that  the  plants  were 
imported  into  the  garden  with  the  disease  in  them  in 
a  latent  state.  Mr.  D.  Dewar,  of  the  herbaceous 
ground,  Kew,  says  the  plants  were  never  really 
healthy  in  the  garden  during  the  two  years  they  were 
there.  They  were  planted  in  a  large  bed  by  them- 
selves, and  it  was  very  difficult  to  make  them  grow 
at  all.  Some  time  after  planting  Mr.  Dewar  placed  a 
healthy  plant  of  Gentiana  acaulis,  received  with 
others  from  Edinburgh,  in  the  middle  of  the  diseased 
clump,  with  the  result  that  the  Edinburgh  example 
succumbed  to  the  disease  which  it  had  contracted 
from  the  diseased  specimens.  Black  and  yellow 
flowers  of  sulphur  were  tried  at  Kew  as  a  remedy 
without  the  slightest  effect,  and  as  a  last  resort  all 
vestiges  of  the  diseased  plants  were  burnt. 

The  disease  appears   first  in  the  basal  leaves,  as 


DISEASE    OF    GENTIAN. 
Puccinia  Gentian.e,  Link. 

A  week  or  two  ago,  examples  of  Gentiana  acaulis, 
L.,  were  forwarded  by  Dr.  M.  C.  Cooke  from  Kew 
badly  infested  with  a  parasite  new  to  Britain,  named 
Puccinia  Gentiana;,  Link.  As  is  common  in  such 
cases,  the  Uredo,  or  early  condition  of  the  Puccinia, 
was  growing  on  the  invaded  plants  in  company  with 
the  mature  or  Puccinia  state.  The  Uredo  is  the  U. 
Gentianse  of  Strauss.  It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that 
whilst  on  the  Continent  the  Puccinia  attacks  Gentiana 
cruciata,  G.  asclepiadea,  G,  ciliata,  G.  Pneumonanthe, 
and  G.  utriculosa,  no  record  is  published  of  its 
attacks  on  G.  acaulis,  the  plant  upon  which  it  has 
first  shown  itself  in  Britain.  A  large  patch  of  Gen- 
tiana acaulis  has  been  destroyed  at  Kew,  and  now 
that  attention  is  directed  to  the  fungus  it  is  possible 
that  accounts  may  be  received  of  a  similar  destruction 
from  other  quarters. 

Gardeners  will  be  alive  to  the  real  danger  of  this 
new  enemy  when  they  are  reminded  that  Puccinia 
Gentianse  is  a  close  ally  of  P,  malvacearum,  the 
fungus  of  the  Hollyhock  disease. 

The  upper  part  of  the  accompanying  illustration 
(fig.  82)  shows,  natural  size,  Gentiana  acaulis — spotted 
with  the  Puccinia  ;  the  fungus  grows  on  both  sides  of 
the  leaves,  but  appears  to  prefer  the  upper  surface. 
The  spots  or  pustules  are  at  first  orange  in  colour, 
then  black,  a  group  of  pustules  enlarged  to  ten 
diameters  is  seen  at  B.  When  a  few  spores  are  taken 
from  an  orange  spot  and  enlarged  400  diameters  they 
are  seen  as  at  B,  ochreous  in  colour,  and  furnished 
with  from  one  to  three  lighter  internal  spots — these 
are  the  finely  echinulate  Uredo-spores. 

When  a  few  spores  are  taken  from  one  of  the  black 
pustules,  and  enlarged  to  the  same  scale,  they  are 
seen  as  at  c,  bright  dark  brown  in  colour,  and  fur- 


shown  in  the  illustration  ;  this  may  be  because  they 
are  the  first  to  appear  above-ground.  These  first- 
produced  leaves  speedily  change  colour  to  yellow, 
and  become  dry,  like  tinder.  The  Kew  plants  made 
plenty  of  runners  underground,  but  as  soon  as  the 
young  leaves  appeared  above  •  ground  they  were 
attacked  and  destroyed  by  this  terrible  scourge. 

As  with  other  Puccinia  invaded  plants,  every  scrap 
of  diseased  material  should  be  destroyed  with  fire 
directly  it  is  seen. 

Since  these  notes  were  written  the  Editor  of  this 
paper  has  sent  a  large  collection  of  diseased  Gentians, 
received  from  Russia.  These  Russian  examples  are 
in  a  far  worse  plight  than  the  English  ones,  as  a  pro- 
fust  growth  of  the  Puccinia  is  to  be  seen  on  all  parts 
of  the  Russian  plants,  from  the  lowest  leaves  to  the 
floral  organs.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  disease 
is  spread  whilst  in  a  latent  condition  in  imported 
plants,  as  well  as  by  the  seeds  j  these  seeds  are  either 
tainted  with  the  fungus  in  a  diftused  or  attenuated 
state,  or  they  carry  Uredo  or  Puccinia  spores  either 
outside  or  inside  their  membranes.  Worlhini;ton  G. 
Smithy  Dunstable. 


Tea. — The  quantity  of  Tea  exported  from  China 
and  Japan  to  Great  Britain,  from  the  commence- 
ment of  the  season  to  July  2,  was  49,170,477  lb.,  as 
against  49,257,920  lb,,  exported  in  the  corresponding 
period  of  last  year.  The  exports  to  the  United 
States  and  Canada  during  the  same  period  were 
6,790,605  lb.,  as  against  7,654,678  lb. 


mtXxi  mit^  and  |)kmTin0». 


CLEISOSTOMA  GUIBERTI. 
A  GRAND  Orchid,  of  which  Mr.  Linden  received 
from  Assam  a  solitary  plant,  which,  unfortunately,  is 
now  lost.  The  habit  is  that  of  a  Vanda  ;  the  leaves 
are  strap-shaped,  notched  at  the  apex  ;  the  flowers 
are  very  numerous,  disposed  in  branching  panicles. 
Each  flower  is  about  li  inch  across,  with  oblong- 
obovate  segments  of  a  creamy-white  colour,  thickly 
marked  with  irregular  purplish  spots.  It  is  figured 
in  LiftJenia,  tab.  ix. 

Selenipedium  reticulatum. 
A  species  discovered  in  Ecuador  by  Wallis,  who 
sent  home  hundreds  of  specimens — all  dead  on 
arrival  1  The  flowers  are  in  racemes,  each  7  inches 
across  in  the  longest  diameter,  sepals  white,  with 
green  netted  venation  ;  the  posterior  sepal  lanceolate, 
the  two  lateral  sepals  deflexed  and  united  into  a 
solitary  oblong  obtuse  segment,  the  two  lateral  petals 
spreading  horizontally,  linear-lanceolate,  twisted, 
each  about  3  inches  long,  lip  leaf-shaped,  greenish 
externally,  white  within,  with  a  few  purple  spots, 
Lindenia,  t.  x. 

Aerides  maculosum. 
A  magnificent  species,  with  a  densely  crowded 
raceme  of  flowers,  each  2  inches  across,  with  obovate 
oblong  segments,  whitish,  spotted  and  tipped  with 
reddish  spots,  anterior  lobe  of  the  lip  tongue-shaped, 
reddish-violet.     Lindenia^  t.  xi. 

Cattleya  maxima  var.  Hrubyana. 
A  lovely  Cattleya,  with  flowers  6  inches  across, 
the  sepals  and  petals  pale  lilac- rose,  sepals  oblan- 
ceolate,  petals  obovate  oblong,  lip  wrapped  round 
the  column  at  the  base,  expanding  in  front  into  an 
oblong  disc,  undulate  at  the  margin,  and  marked 
with  purplish  diffluent  veins  on  a  white  ground,  and 
with  a  central  yellow  stripe.     Lindenia,  t.  xii, 

Odontoglossum  Wilckeanum  fallens. 
A  very  beautiful  variety,  with  numerous  flowers  in 
a  two-ranked  raceme,  each  4  inches  across  in  the 
longest  diameter  ;  sepals  and  petals  white,  with  large 
chocolate  blotches  ;  the  petals  lanceolate,  rather 
broader  than  the  sepals,  and  boldly  toothed  in  the 
middle  ;  lip  rather  shorter  than  the  petals,  oblong 
obtuse  acuminate,  with  a  fringe  of  spine-like  pro- 
cesses near  the  base,  and  two  yellow  keels  running 
towards  the  apex.     Orchid  Album,  t.  201. 

L.ELiA  cRispA,  Cattleya  gigas  and  others. 
Referring  to  the  remarks  on  this  Orchid  at  p.  334, 
it  is  certainly  not  difficult  to  manage.  I  have  grown 
itjor  nearly  twenty  years,  both  the  usual  variety  and  L. 
crispa  superba.  It  is  grown  along  with  L.  purpurata, 
and  annually  produces  strong  flowering  spathes.  This 
is  a  very  distinct  and  beautiful  Cattleya,  the  flowers 
are  not  so  large  as  those  of  L.  purpurata,  but  the 
sepals  and  petals  are  pure  white,  as  many  as  five  and 
six  flowers  being  produced  on  one  spike  :  it  flowers 
the  end  of  July,  or  early  in  August.  We  had  in 
flower  with  it  this  season  the  recently  introduced 
Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  a  species  of  great  merit,  flower- 
ing, as  it  does,  after  C.  IMendelii  and  C.  Mossise,  and 
thus  prolonging  the  Cattleya  bloom  a  month  or  six 
weeks  longer.  It  can  be  depended  upon  to  flower 
as  freely  as  C.  Mossi^  or  L.  crispa,  whereas  the 
splendid  C.  gigas  cannot.  This  I  find  very  difficult 
to  manage  ;  it  cannot  be  made  to  remain  dormant  in 
August  or  September  after  it  has  done  flowering,  and 
this  restless  habit  prevents  its  flowering  in  most  cases 
the  following  season.  The  autumn  growth  will  not 
flower,  and  it  weakens  the  plant  so  that  it  will  not 
make  a  flowering  growth  the  following  season.  C. 
imperialis  and  C.  Sanderiana  are  too  nearly  allied  to 
it  in  appearance  and  habit  to  be  designated  distinct 
species.  As  much  may  be  said  of  the  distinct  and 
handsome  C.  aurea  ;  it  flowers  at  the  same  time  as  C. 
gigas,  and  has  the  same  unfortunate  habit  of  starting 
into  growth  as  soon  as  the  flowering  period  is  over. 
J.  Douglas. 

Renanthera  coccinea. 
At  Mr.  E.  Gotto's,  The  Lodge,  Hampstead  Heath, 
there  is  now  in  flower  a  plant  of  Renanthera  coc- 


September  19,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


373 


cinea  with  a  very  fine  spike  bearing  fifty-five 
flowers.  It  was  imported  about  eighteen  months 
ago,  and  has  enjoyed  full  sun.  I  have  had  it  in  a 
vinery  all  the  summer,  having  stood  it  on  a  shelf 
near  the  glass.    T.  Banks. 


JhE      pFJOPAQATOR. 


THE  PROPAGATION  OF  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

It  is  not  a  good  plan  to  entirely  depend  upon  the 
old  lifted  plants  for  a  supply  of  bedding  plants  ;  it  is 
much  better  to  propagate  a  large  batch  of  cuttings  in 
the  autumn  months.  In  the  first  place,  one  of  the 
old  lifted  plants  would  take  up  as  much  room  as  a 
dozen  cuttings ;  and  in  the  second,  the  former  would 
not  stand  the  winter  so  well  as  the  latter.  Besides 
this,  the  cuttings  grow  more  freely  in  the  spring,  and 


As  soon  as  the  cuttings  have  rooted  they  should  be 
moved  into  a  warm  house,  and  placed  on  a  front 
platform  or  shelf  near  the  glass.  During  the  winter 
months  they  should  be  carefully  watered,  and  the 
dead  leaves  and  flower  tufts  should  always  be  picked 
ofl.  They  will  remain  on  the  platform  until  they  are 
wanted  for  spring  propagation. 

The  best  soil  for  the  cuttings  is  that  made  up  of 
equal  quantities  of  loam,  leaf-mould,  peat,  and  river 
sand,  and  a  small  quantity  of  broken  potsherds. 
The  soil  should  be  well  mixed  together,  sifted,  and 
rubbed  through  a  quarter-inch  sieve.  Some  large  48- 
pots  should  be  used  for  the  cuttings,  and  after  the 
pots  have  been  well  drained  the  soil  should  be  put  in 
and  pressed  in  firmly,  leaving  room  enough  for  a 
quarter  inch  lay»r  of  sand  upon  the  top. 

Verbenas. 

The  present  is  a  good  time  for  putting  in  cuttings 

of  these    plants,   because,   during  the    dry   summer 


Fig.  83.— gentiana  verna. 


develope  info  more  compact  and  better-shaped 
plants,  and  they  are  not  so  liable  to  canker  or  lot  olT 
as  the  old  plants  are. 

Alternantheras. 
In  taking  the  cuttings,  those  pieces  should  be 
selected  that  grow  up  from  the  base  of  the  plant. 
Each  piece  should  be  about  2  inches  long,  and  before 
dibbling  them  into  a  cutting-pot  the  leaves  should  be 
taken  oft"  for  half  an  inch  up  the  stem  ;  all  flower-tufts 
should  be  removed,  and  the  base  of  the  stem  should 
be  levelled.  From  twenty  to  twenty-six  pieces  can  be 
dibbled  into  a  48-pot.  The  holes  made  by  dibbling 
should  be  filled  up  with  up  with  dry  sand.  After 
well  watering  them  with  a  fine-rose  pot  they  should 
be  placed  in  a  cold  pit  or  frame  as  near  the  glass  as 
possible.  Here  they  must  be  shaded  from  the  sun. 
In  the  morning  they  must  be  sprinkled  with  a  fine- 
rose  pot,  and  the  frame  must  be  ventilated  for  an 
hour  i  in  the  afternoon  they  must  again  be  sprinkled, 
and  then  shut  up  close.  A  single  mat  should  be 
thrown  across  the  frame  every  night. 


months,  the  plants  are  infested  with  thrips  and  red- 
spider,  but  now  that  the  nights  are  colder  and  the 
dews  heavier  the  plants  are  much  cleaner. 

For  the  cuttings  those  pieces  shooting  up  from  the 
base  of  the  plant  should  be  taken.  Each  cutting 
should  have  four  or  more  leaves  attached  to  it,  and  it 
should  be  made  at  a  leaf-joint  if  possible.  Dibble  in 
a  dozen  of  the  cuttings  round  the  border  of  the  pot, 
and  six  in  the  middle,  and  fill  up  the  holes  thus 
made  with  dry  sand.  They  should  be  watered  and 
placed  in  a  shallow  cold  frame.  Here  they  should 
be  shaded  from  the  sun,  and  sprinkled  with  a  rose- 
pot  every  morning  and  afternoon.  The  frame  should 
be  ventilated  for  an  hour  in  the  morning.  When  the 
cuttings  have  rooted  they  can  be  placed  either  in  a 
pit  where  the  frost  can  be  kept  out,  or  on  the  front 
platform  of  a  cold  house,  where  they  should  be  kept 
until  they  are  required  for  spring  propagation.  They 
must  be  moderately  watered.  If  mildew  attacks  the 
plants  they  should  immediately  be  sprinkled  with 
sulphur. 

The  soil  for  the  cuttings  should   be  made  up  as 


follows  : — Half  loam,  quarter  leaf-mould,  and  quarter 
sand.  It  should  be  well  mixed  together,  sifted  and 
■  rubbed  through  a  quarter-inch  sieve.  The  cutting- 
pots  can  be  prepared  in  the  same  way  as  those  for  the 
Alternantheras.    7'.  0' B. 

(To  be  continue,!.) 


GENTIANA   VERNA. 

Few  plants  are  more  familiar  to,  or  more  highly 
appreciated  by  alpine  tourists,  than  this  lowly  Gen- 
tian. In  the  whole  gamut  of  flower-colour  there  is 
nothing  purer  than  the  deep  sky-blue  of  the  corolla.  It 
is  common  on  most  parts  of  the  Swiss  Alps  above  the 
forest  line,  and  is,  or  was,  found  in  Teesdale,  Durham. 
In  its  native  habitats  it  grows  usually  in  deep  rich  mould 
with  abundance  of  moisture  and  fully  exposed  to  the 
sun.  For  the  very  characteristic  figure  (fig.  S3)  we  are 
indebted  to  Mr.  Scott  Wilson,  who  has  been  passing 
soqie  months  in  Switzerland,  studying  the  flora  of  the 
country  and  the  conditions  under  which  alpine  plants 
grow  naturally.  In  this  country  its  cultivation  is 
easy,  but  it  does  not  succeed  well  unless  grown  in 
masses,  and  lime  appears  to  suit  it  better  than  granite. 
When  found  growing  naturally  in  other  than  lime- 
stone soils,  it  is  less  robust. 

There  is  a  white-flowered  variety  of  G.  verna  which 
usually  remains  constant  and  flowers  freely  under 
cultivation,  but  it  sometimes,  on  being  transplanted 
to  other  localities,  turns  to  blue.  This  white  variety 
sometimes  occurs  in  the  Jura  mixed  with  the  blue, 
forming  a  pretty  combination  of  colour.  After  a  par- 
ticularly dry  summer  G.  verna  frequently  flowers  a 
second  time. 


AN 


OCTOGENARIAN    HORTI- 
CULTURIST. 


On  Monday,  the  7th  inst.,  the  cmployis  of  Messrs. 
William  Barron  &  Son,  of  the  Elvaston  Nurseries, 
Borrowash,  near  Derby,  to  the  number  of  sixty-five, 
were  entertained  at  dinner  by  William  Barron,  the 
senior  partner  of  the  firm,  to  celebrate  his  eightieth 
birthday.  The  emphres  took  advantage  of  the  occa- 
sion to  show  the  high  esteem  in  which  they  hold 
their  host  by  presenting  the  octogenarian  with  an 
arm-chair,  accompanied  by  an  appropriate  address. 
During  the  evening  Mr.  Barron  gave  his  guests  a 
very  interesting  sketch  of  his  past  career. 

Mr.  Barron  has  been  a  most  enthusiastic  horticul- 
turist all  his  life,  having  commenced  his  career  of 
gardening  as  an  apprentice  at  Blackadder,  the  seat 
of  Thomas  Boswell,  Esq.,  where  he  made  rapid  pro- 
gress in  his  profession.  Having  completed  his  term  of 
apprenticeship  he  was  appointed  foreman  in  the 
bouses  under  Mr.  MacNab,  at  the  Botanic  Gardens, 
Edinburgh.  From  thence  he  went  to  Sion  House. 
Having  remained  at  Sion  House  for  some  consider- 
able time  he  was  selected  to  lay  out  the  gardens  at 
Elvaston  Castle,  the  grounds  of  which  are  famed  for 
the  artistic  manner  in  which  they  have  been  designed. 
Ultimately  he  was  permanently  appointed  head 
gardener  and  steward,  in  which  position  he  remained 
for  more  than  thirty  years,  during  which  time  he 
enjoyed  the  entire  confidence  and  respect  of  his  noble 
employer,  and  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  all  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 

During  the  time  he  had  charge  of  the  Elvaston 
gardens  he  brought  together  one  of  the  then  best 
collections  of  Coniferse  in  this  country,  some  of 
which  have  attained  the  proportions  of  large  timber 
trees.  Mr.  Barron  has  made  himself  famous  both  as 
a  landscape  gardener  and  for  his  successful  mode  of 
removing  large  trees,  some  of  them  being  of  great 
dimensions,  amongst  which  may  be  mentioned  a  few 
of  the  largest. 

The  first  large  trees  that  he  attempted  to  re- 
move were  some  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  at  Elvaston  ; 
the  largest  of  these  measures  at  the  present  time 
So  feet  in  height,  9  feet  9  inches  in  circumference  of 
stem,  with  a  spread  of  branches  63  feet  in  diameter  ; 
this  tree  is  in  the  most  robust  health.  He  also 
removed  a  Cedar  of  Lebanon  from  Hornsey  to  Acton, 
60  feet  high  ;  this  required  thirteen  horses  to  convey 
it  to  its  destination. 

One  of  the  largest  trees  removed  was  a  Cedar  of 
Lebanon,  for  Sir  John  Ilartop,  Bart.  ;  this  tree 
measured  50  feet  high,  50  feet  diameter  of  branches, 
and  was  moved  with  a  ball  iS  feet  long  by  16  feet  in 
width  by  3  feet  ^  inches  deep,  the  whole  weight  being 
computed  at  50_tons. 


374 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  19, 


The  greatest  feat  of  tree  lifting  was,  however, 
accomplished  at  Dover,  when  an  old  Yew,  considered 
to  be  over  1000  years  old,  was  moved  wiih  the 
greatest  success,  and  is  now  to  be  seen  in  a  thriving 
condition. 

Mr.  Barron  is  still  in  the  enjoyment  of  excellent 
health,  thus  showing  the  beneticial  results  of  tem- 
perate habits  and  constant  activity. 


TREES    OF    THE    UNITED 

STATES. 

There  has  recently  been  placed  on  exhibition,  at 
the  New  York  Museum  of  Natural  History,  an 
almost  complete  representalion  of  the  trees  of  the 
United  States, — between  400  and  500  trunk  sections 
of  the  different  species.  These  specimens  are  about 
5  feet  S  inches  long  each,  cut  in  such  manner  as  to 
display  their  barks  and  the  transverse  and  longitudinal 
sections  of  the  wood.  This  is  done  by  cutting  away 
one  side  of  each  specimen  at  the  top  to  the  depth  of 
one-half  the  diameter  of  the  trunk  and  for  one-third 
of  its  length.  One  half  of  each  exposed  portion  is 
polished  to  illustrate  the  effect  of  this  treatment  of 
the  wood,  the  remaimier  being  left  in  the  natural 
condition,  wiih  the  top  of  the  upper  divided  part 
finished  by  beveling.  In  the  case  of  trees  of  com- 
mercial importance  this  form  of  representation  is  sup- 
plemented by  cdrefully  selected  planks,  or  by  "  burls," 
showing  better  than  the  logs  the  true  industrial  value 
of  the  wood.  Among  specimens  of  this  kind  is  a 
plank  of  Redwood  (Sequoia  scmpervirens),  measuring 
8^  feet  in  width.  A  species  remarkable  for  slow 
growth,  and  which  is  only  24  inches  in  diameter, 
Sihows  an  age  of  410  years,  being  the  oldest  tree  in 
the  collection.  This  is  Picea  Engelmanni,  named  for 
its  discoverer,  Dr.  Engelmann,  and  known  also  as 
Engelmann's  Spruce,  and  as  I'inus  coramutata. 
Another  example  of  slow  growth  is  seen  in  Pinus 
edulis,  or  edible  Pine,  from  Arizona,  called  also 
Nut  Pine.  The  seed  of  this  Pine,  uhich  re- 
sembles a  good-sized  Bean,  is  used  by  the  Indians 
for  food.  A  tree  of  this  species,  which  is  300 
years  old,  measures  only  15  inches  in  diameter. 
Another  specimen,  which  is  341  >ears  old,  shows  a 
diameter  of  37  inches.  It  is  the  Western  Shell-baik 
Hickory  (Carya  sulcata),  from  Allenton,  Mo.  The 
same  locality  is  represented  by  a  specimen  of  Tilia 
americana,  or  Basswood,  which  is  40  inches  in 
diameter,  and  150  years  old. 

This  valuable  collection,  numerically  exceeding 
that  made  in  connection  with  the  census  reports, 
includes  examples  of  many  curious  and  interesting 
species,  of  which  probably  the  complete  natural  series 
could  never  have  been  viewed  in  their  native  soil  by 
any  single  traveller,  however  diligent. 

Among  the  extraordinary  specimens  is  a  repre- 
sentative of  Texas.  This  is  the  Cereus  giganteus, 
which  resembles  a  fluted  column.  It  is  a  plant  which 
can  be  readily  taken  all  to  pieces.  Its  component 
parts  are  in  the  form  of  vertical  sections  of  twisting 
curvatures  in  the  line  of  their  circumference,  whereby 
one  portion  is  fitted  exactly  to  another.  They  can  be 
separated  without  the  slightest  difficulty,  in  the 
absence  of  any  heart  at  the  centre  for  their  attach- 
ment. The  Washington  Palm  (Washingtonia  filifera), 
from  Southern  California,  is  also  curious.  The 
specimen  includes  the  top  of  the  tree,  which  is 
severed  from  the  body,  and  bears  its  dried  and  yellow 
wide-spreading  leaves.  lis  peculiaiiiy  is  in  the  ring- 
formations  of  the  trunk,  which  are  almost  wholly  de- 
tached from  each  other,  standing  one  within  another 
like  a  succession  of  forms  of  baik.  They  are  easily 
detached  from  each  other. 

The  Cocoa-nut  tree  from  Key  West,  and  the  finely 
odorous  Nutmeg  tree  from  California,  are  among 
other  specimens  of  importance.  The  Catalpa  is  repre- 
sented as  a  species  most  remarkable  for  its  durability. 
Some  of  this  wood,  known  to  have  been  buried  in  the 
earth  for  seventy-five  years,  has  been  brought  out  in 
perfectly  sound  condition.  Specimens  of  beautiful 
woods  are  seen  in  the  Arbutus,  Sweet  Bay  {Persea 
carolinensis),  Alaska  Cedar  (Chamaecyparis  nut- 
kaensis),  and  the  beautifully  figured  Maple  "  burl  " 
from  Missouri, 

With  only  seven  unimportant  exceptions,  the  specific 
gravity,  ash,  and  fuel  value  of  the  wood  of  every 
indigenous  arborescent  species  of  the  United  States 
have  been  scientifically  determined.  The  specific 
gravity  was  obtained  by  weighing  carefully  measured 
specimens  100  millimetres  long  and  aScut  35  milii- 


metres  square,  previously  subjected  to  a  temperature 
of  100°  until  their  weight  became  constant.  The  ash 
is  given  in  percentages  of  dry  wood,  which  were  de- 
termined by  burning  small  blocks  of  the  wood  in  a 
muflle  furnace  at  a  low  temperature.  The  relative 
approximate  full  value  of  any  wood  is  obtained  by 
deducting  its  percentage  of  ash  from  its  specific 
gravity.  The  correctness  of  the  result  thus  found  is 
based  upon  the  hypothesis,  first  proposed  by  Count 
Rumford,  that  the  value  of  equal  weight  of  all  woods 
for  fuel  is  the  same,  which  is  considered  to  be  approxi- 
mately true.    Scientific  American. 


jHo/vIE     f!0RRE3P0J^DE^(CE. 


The  Fruit  Crops  of  the  Present  Season.— The 
fruit  crops  of  the  present  season,  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, have  been  disappointing.  In  general  a  fair 
crop  of  fruit  set,  but  the  spring  frosts  killed  much  of 
it,  and  the  continuance  of  more  or  less  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time  of  cold  weather,  caused  much  of  the  young 
fruit  to  shrivel  and  dropoff.  Most  kinds  of  orchard 
fruit  are  below  the  average  in  size  and  quality.  The 
hot  fine  summer  of  last  year  (1SS4)  raised  the  expec- 
tation of  good  crops  of  superior  quality  this  season  ; 
the  young  wood  and  the  buds  on  fruit  trees  got  well 
matured,  the  winter  was  a  mild  one,  and  the  spring 
(owing  to  the  dull  cloudy  weather)  was  a  late  one. 
The  fruit  trees  showed  an  abundance  of  blossom  and 
promised  a  heavy  crop  of  fruit.  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
and  Apricots  coming  into  bloom  whilst  the  weather 
was  fine,  and  having  the  protection  of  walls,  set  good 
and  abundant  crops  of  fruit.  In  general  these  crops 
are  fair,  except  that  the  fruits  are  not  particularly 
large.  Cherries,  Pears,  and  Plums  showed  a  great 
abundance  of  blossom  ;  Cherries  set  pretty  well  and 
are  good  crops  on  walls  ;  Plums  and  Fears  promised 
good  crops  of  fruit,  but  they  got  sadly  injured  by  the 
frost  and  cold  weather  that  prevailed  the  time  they 
were  in  blossom,  a  great  deal  of  the  young  fruit 
dropped  off.  Bath  Apples  and  Pears  are  below  the 
average  size,  and  the  crops  are  very  irregular,  some 
trees  heavily  laden,  whilst  other  trees  have  little  or  no 
fruit.  Raspberries  have  in  general  been  a  heavy 
crop.  Gooseberries  have  varied  in  crop  very  much. 
In  one  garden  I  called  at,  famous  for  its  fruit  crops, 
I  found  the  crop  a  complete  failure  ;  in  another 
garden,  only  a  short  distance  from  the  other,  I  saw 
one  of  the  finest  crops  of  Gooseberries  I  ever  beheld. 
There  was  a  fair  sized  quarter  ol  fine  young  healthy 
trees  of  large  kinds,  and  a  finer  crop  I  never  beheld. 
Currants  were  in  general  below  an  average  crop. 
Strawberries  were  a  good  crop  and  very  fine  ;  and 
owingto  the  nice  showers  of  rain  we  had  they  continued 
some  time  in  bearing.  M.  Saiil^  Hol^ate^    Yo)k. 

Hybrid  Abutilons. — How  very  useful  these 
showy,  free-growing,  profuse-flowering,  greenhouse 
shrubs  are  !  Mr.  Munro,  the  gardener  at  Clevelands^ 
Lyme  Regis,  cultivates  them  on  the  back  wall  of  a 
vinery  with  excellent  e'fTect,  and  it  is  a  very  agreeable 
change,  for  back  walls  of  "hip-roofed  "  and  "lean- 
to  "  vineries  are  often  naked  and  bare.  The  Abuti- 
lons are  planted  out  in  a  compost  of  loam,  peat,  leaf- 
mould,  and  coarse  sand,  the  border  being  thoroughly 
drained.  During  the  blooming  period  the  plants 
receive  a  copious  supply  of  water,  and  liquid  manure 
at  times  encourages  them  amazingly.  Bouie  de 
Neige,  with  pure  white  flowers,  is  perhaps  the  most 
popular  variety,  but  I  believe  that  purple  Emperor, 
crimson  Banner,  pink  Admiration,  rosy  Delicatum, 
yellow  Canary-bird,  and  many  others,  will  become 
favourites  as  well  when  better  known.  Mr.  Park- 
house,  the  gardener  at  Watermouth  Castle,  North 
Devon,  also  grows  Abutilons  in  this  way,  and  in  his 
case,  as  also  with  Mr.  Munro,  the  plants  are  neatly 
fastened  and  trained  to  the  wall,  producing  a  pretty 
green  background,  besides  which  they  are  so  very 
handy  where  cut  flowers  are  much  in  request,  being 
prodigious  bloomers.    //',  Napper, 

Hoya  Griffithii  Fertilisation.— This  plant  is 
fertilised  by  large  flies  precisely  as  in  Hoya  globulosa, 
as  described  and  illustrated  by  me  in  Garaaicrs' 
Chronicle  for  April  29,  18S2,  p.  570.  When  I 
received  the  blooms  of  Hoya  Griffithii  for  engraving, 
a  bluebottle  had  been  caught  and  was  held  fast  to  one 
of  the  blossoms  by  a  pair  of  pollen  masses  and  their 
glutinous  disc.  In  the  box  I  found  a  second  blue- 
bottle dead  from  exhaustion,    with    two   of  its   legs 


locked  together  with  a  second  pair  of  pollen  masses. 
When  flies  alight  on  the  flowers  their  feel  touch  the 
glutinous  discs,  and  in  the  effort  of  the  fly  to  get  its 
feet  free,  the  movement  of  the  legs  causes  the  pollen 
masses  to  fly  out  and  embrace  the  foot  ;  the  fly  on 
visiting  a  second  flower  draws  the  pollen  masses  over 
the  stigmas.  I  at  first  engraved  the  bluebottle  hang- 
ing from  a  flower,  but  as  I  considered  it  defaced  the 
picture,  I  afterwards  removed  it.    W.  G.  S. 

Heavy  Yield  from  Two  Pounds  of  Potatos. 
— I  herewith  send  you  the  weight  produced  by  2  lb. 
of  Potatos,  I  lb.  of  each,  from  the  spears — i  e.. 
Vanguard,  165  lb.  ;  Sutton's  New  Regent,  140  lb. — 
and  shall  be  pleased  to  know  if  as  much  or  more 
has  been  got  in  any  other  way  than  that.  Ceo. 
Lambert. 

Hooper's  Illustrated  Bulb  Show  Tickets.— 
These  are  a  new  introduction  likely  to  be  of  service  to 
country  seedsmen.  They  are  in  the  form  of  stilT 
oblong  cards,  with  the  upper  portion  rounded  off  like 
an  arch  ;  and  on  a  suitable  coloured  ground  there  is 
painted  in  colours,  near  to  Nature  both  in  shape  and 
size,  clusters  of  dift'erent  flowers — one  on  each,  such  as 
Anemones,  Gladiolus,  Hyacinths,  Iris,  Ranunculus, 
&c.  These  picture  tickets  are  intended  for  marking 
the  prices  of  bulbs  in  seedsmen's  windows;  and  see- 
ing that  they  illustrate  in  colours  the  flower  of  the 
bulb  offered,  they  are  likely  to  prove  very  useful,  and 
to  a  certain  extent  instructive.  One  thing  is  certain, 
they  wilt  tend  to  relieve  something  of  the  dulness  that 
attaches  to  a  seed  shop  when  the  bulbs  are  arranged 
for  sale.  Being  both  durable  and  cheap,  these 
coloured  cards  are  likely  to  be  much  in  demand.  A.  D. 

A  Mushroom  Field. — There  is  now  to  be  wit- 
nessed a  most  remarkable  and  extraordinary  crop  of 
the  common  field  Mushroom,  Agaricus  campestris, 
growing  in  some  pasture  fields  in  the  occupation  of 
Messrs.  Duck  &  Sons,  Moorland  Farm,  Petworlh, 
Sussex.  From  particulars  taken  and  observatiuns 
made  it  appears  that  about  four  years  ago  the  land  in 
question  was  arable,  its  soil  being  for  the  most  part 
of  a  fine  yellow  friable  loam.  A  large  herd  of  milch 
cows  and  farm  horses  having  been  depastured  on  it, 
together  with  its  low-lying  situation  and  other  natural 
circumstances  combined,  having,  as  it  were,  produced 
this  development.  The  area  of  land  literally  covered 
with  Mushrooms  of  the  best  quality  consists  of  about 
80  acres  ;  a  considerable  number  of  persons  being 
constantly  employed  gathering,  preparing,  and  pack- 
ing them  for  the  London  and  other  markets.  Messrs. 
Duck  (S:  Sons  must  be  commended  for  the  manner  in 
which  they  carry  on  the  dispatch  of  this  useful  escu- 
lent to  the  various  markets,    IK  Short,  Midhnrst, 

Picotee  Favourite  (Liddington). — This  beau- 
tiful light  rose-edged  Picotee  came  well  to  the  fore 
during  the  summer,  and  it  has  taken  a  high  rank 
among  the  varieties  grouped  in  this  division.  It  is 
not  a  new  flower,  as  it  was  raised  some  years  since  by 
old  Mr.  Liddington,  now  living  with  his  son  at  the 
Eagle  Hotel  at  Thame.  But  it  appears  to  have 
remained  (  comparatively  at  least)  unknown  until  Mr. 
Thomas  Anstiss,  of  Brill,  sent  it  to  Mr.  Dodsiell 
under  the  name  of  Mr.  Payne,  a  well-known  light 
rose  edge.  Mr.  Dodwell  soon  discovered  its  difference 
in  the  character  of  the  grass,  and  thus  was  able  to 
make  it  known  in  order  that  it  might  be  grown. 
Mr.  T.  Anstiss  freely  presented  it  gratis  to  amateur 
cultivators  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee,  and  next 
year  it  will,  no  doubt,  be  generally  cultivated  for 
exhibition,  as  it  is  a  good  grower,  the  ground  pure, 
the  petals  stout  and  of  good  form,  and  the  edge  of 
colour  all  that  can  well  be  desired.  R.  D, 

Satyrium  carneum  (see  p.  331).— I  saw  this  rare 
species  in  flower  the  other  day  in  Major  Hall's  garden 
at  Narrowwater,  near  Newry,  bearing  its  fleshy  hood- 
like blossoms  on  a  stout  spike  a  foot  or  so  in  height. 
Can  Mr.  Brown  or  our  friends  at  the  Cape  tell  us 
aught  of  Disa  macrantha,  of  which  fine  rosy-flowered 
species  there  is  a  drawing  at  Kew,  copied  from  an 
original  by  Sanderson  ?  Is  it  a  rosy-white  form  of 
D.  grandiflora,  or  is  it  distinct,  as  well  as  beautiful  ? 
F,  W.  B. 

Japanese  Peppermint. — Mr.  Christy  has  lately 
sent  me  a  specimen  ol  his  Japanese  Peppermint  plan^, 
Mentha  arvensis  var.  piperascens,  a  green-stemmed 
form,  in  flower.  It  is  a  handsome  plant,  as  large  as 
the  true  Peppermint.  With  it  Mr.  Christy  also  sent 
some    other  specimens   of  Peppermint,    and    I    was 


September  19,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


375 


inteiesled  in  observing  that  one  specimen  which 
probably  grew  near  a  garden  Mint  (M.  viridis)  had 
approached  to  it  in  habit,  the  leaves  being  nearly 
sessile,  and  the  spike  lapeiing.  Similarly,  there  is  at 
the  Botanical  Gardens,  Regent's  Park,  a  Mint  having 
the  foliage  of  M.  viridis,  but  the  flowers  are  in  whorls 
in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  These  plants  show  how 
important  it  is  to  exclude  wild  Mints  from  fields  where 
Peppermint  is  cultivated.  E.  M.  Holmes.  [Mints 
are  usually  propagated  by  dividing  the  root,  the  pos- 
sible crossing  of  the  seed  is  therefore  of  the  less  con- 
sequence.  Ed.] 

Accidental  Effects  in  Planting. — Some  of  the 
boldest  and  handsomest  tree  groups  have  been  the 
result  ol  fortuitous  planting.  The  notification  of  two 
such  groups  may  be  worth  the  telling.  No.  \ 
keeps  watch  over  a  pond  on  the  outskirts  of  a  park. 
They  had  been  dotting  in  Conifers  in  the  policies  ;  a 
few  Pines  were  not  required.  A  man  was  told  off  to 
put  them  on  the  verge  of  the  pond  to  exclude  still 
more  its  leathered  denizens  from  the  vulgar  or  covetous 
gaze  of  the  wayfarers.  By  some  inspiration,  the  man 
put  together  in  a  place  apart,  Pinus  Lambertiana,  pyre- 
naica,  ponderosa,  and  Cembra.  All  are  healthy  and 
emulous  to  show,  each  its  best  guise.  Lambertiana, 
nigrescent,  taller  and  more  aspiring  than  the  others  ; 
pyrenaica,  bright  green,  the  branches  all  clustering 
together  ;  ponderosa,  with  long  and  straggling  arms, 
the  parent  stem  always  visible  ;  Cembra,  shaped  like 
a  Cedar  of  Lebanon  cone,  and  quite  spruce  by  the 
side  of  its  carelessly  attired  neighbour.  No.  2  takes 
the  form  of  a  triangle  of  foliage.  The  vertex  is  Cryp- 
toraeria  Lobbi.  When  planted,  no  idea  was  held  of 
the  distinct  habit  of  this  variety  of  C.  japonica.  The 
laterals  are  very  small  when  compared  wiih  the  height, 
and  the  tree  thus  differs  considerably  from  japonica 
of  the  spreading  habit.  This  makes  it  admirably 
adapted  for  the  place  it  fills,  or  for  planting  where  the 
space  is  cramped.  Modern  prophecies  are  more  often 
wrong  than  right.  Notwithstanding,  it  is  tolerably 
safe  to  say,  that  Abies  Albertiana  and  A.  grandis 
will  eventually  turn  out  to  be  very  useful  forest  trees. 
Mons.  A.  Dupins,  in  the  Cultivator's  Library,  writes 
of  the  latter,  "  II  croit  dans  les  lieux  bas  et  humides, 
et  jamais  sur  les  montagnes."  Whatever  may  be  the 
case  in  British  Columbia,  it  will  succeed  in  dry  situa- 
tions in  England.  In  high  latitudes  I  have  no 
experience  of  this  giant  Fir.  C.  A.  M.  C. 

A  Large  Horse. Chestnut  Tree. — While  on  a 
visit  to  Abingdon,  near  Cambridge,  I  was  much 
struck  with  a  very  fine  specimen  of  the  Horse-Chest- 
nut  (.'Ksculus  hippocaslanum)  in  the  pleasure  grounds 
at  Abingdon  Lodge,  the  residence  of  E.  J.  Mortlock, 
Esq.  It  has  the  appearance  of  having,  when  young, 
been  cut  down  within  8  feet  of  the  ground,  from 
thence  spring  up  fifteen  branches.  Between  the 
branches  at  the  base  one  can  walk  with  perfect  ease. 
Mr.  Mortlock  has  had  fastened  at  the  point  whence 
the  branches  spring  zinc  plates,  so  as  to  throw  off  the 
rain  and  prevent  any  lodging  there  and  as  hastening 
decay.  The  trunk  is  19  feet  in  girth  3  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  23  feet  girth  5  feet  from  the  ground. 
The  tree  in  height  is  75  feet,  and  in  diameter  of 
lower  branches  104  feet.  The  longest  and  lowest 
branch  measures  from  the  trunk  65  feet  in  length  : 
the  tree  appears  to  be  in  perfect  health.  W.  Dance, 
The  Gardens,  Gosjicli  Hall,  Halstead,  Essex. 

Pansies. — Notwithstanding  the  drought  of  the 
summer,  old  plants  of  the  finer  show  varieties  have 
in  many  instances  stood  better  than  could  have  been 
expected ;  and,  indeed,  some  fine  clumps  did  not 
cease  to  flower.  They  were  strong  plants,  put  out  a 
J'ear  ago  in  beds  with  plenty  of  light  rich  sandy  soil 
about  the  roots,  in  which  they  could  work  deeply. 
Perhaps  growers  of  Pansies  do  not  always  realise  the 
depth  to  which  the  fine  spreading,  ihread-like  roots 
of  the  Pansy  will  travel  in  search  of  nutriment,  and 
it  is  of  great  benefit  to  the  plants,  when  put  out  in 
the  ground,  to  be  in  soil  incorporated  with  which 
there  is  leal-mould,  sand,  and  the  siftings  of  the 
potting-bench,  to  the  depth  of  at  least  J  5  inches. 
The  roots  get  down  into  this,  and  they  are  to  a  great 
extent  away  out  of  the  reach  of  drying  influences, 
especially  if  a  top-dressing  of  soil  be  added  two  or 
three  times  during  the  summer.  I  this  season  kept 
some  large  plants  in  good  condition  throughout  the 
summer  by  giving  them  a  good  soaking  with  water, 
then  a  top-dressing  of  soil  to  the  depth  of  an  inch  was 
added,  and  over  this  some  short  grass  was  placed, 


The  plants  have  never  been  without  flower.  Since 
the  welcome  rains  fell  a  new  and  vigorous  growth  has 
been  put  forth,  and  up  from  the  roots  ate  sptining 
young  shoots  in  plenty.  These  make  excellent  stock. 
A  bed  should  be  prepared  by  Jigging  the  soil  deeply, 
working  in  plenty  of  leaf  soil — Iresh  leaves  will 
do — a  little  dung,  and  abundance  of  refuse  soil 
from  the  potting-bench.  Let  the  leaves  be  deep 
down,  and  the  finer  soil  above  them.  In  this  the 
plants  will  be  placed.  Two  or  three  days  should  be 
allowed  for  the  soil  to  settle,  then  the  old  plants  lifted, 
carefully  divided — all  the  rooted  pieces  being  separated 
from  those  not  so  ;  the  former  can  be  planted  out  in 
lines  I  loot  apart  each  way,  the  soil  pressed  firmly 
about  them.  If  the  wealher  is  drying,  an  occasional 
sprinkling  will<*be  necessary.  The  plants  soon  make 
growth,  and  establish  themselves,  and  in  the  spring 
charming  beds  are  thus  formed.  The  pieces  of 
growths  not  rooted  can  be  put  round  the  sides  of  pots, 
they  make  capital  cuttings  :  and  should  be  placed  in 
a  cold  frame,  shaded  if  necessary  from  the  sun.  These 
give  useful  plants  with  which  to  make  succession  beds 
in  spring.  The  finest  self  yellow  Pansy  is  George 
Rudd,  and  to  this  may  be  added  Gomar.  The  best 
while  selfs  are  Fanny  Anderson  and  Mrs.  Goodall. 
The  best  dark  selfs  :  Beacon,  Garry,  Leiih  Walk 
B.-auly,  and  Sir  Peter  Coals.  The  best  blue  selfs  : 
Blue  Beard,  Blue  Stone,  and  W.  J.  Rawlings.  The 
following  are  good  yellow  grounds  :  Alexander 
McLennan,  Corsair,  Inspector,  James  Orr,  Master 
Ord,  and  Royalty.  White  grounds  :  Isa  Craig,  Miss 
Baird,  Mrs.  R.  B.  Matthews,  Pladda,  Sunny  Park 
Bdauty,  and  Village  Maid.  R.  D. 

The  Scotch  Boor  Tree.— In  reply  to  the 
editorial  query  (see  p.  305),  the  Scotch  Boor  tree  is 
Simbucus  nigra.  Vou  will  see  in  Loudon's  Encyclo- 
pixdia,  p.  513,  that  the  synonyms  are  "  Bourtry," 
*' Bour  tree,"  "Am  tree."  How  the  common  or 
black-fruited  Elder  should  have  been  called  Bour  tree, 
or  Boor  tree,  is  unknown  to  me  ;  but  the  Scotch  name 
is  immortalised  by  our  great  national  poets — Burns 
and  Tannahill.  The  latter  makes  the  following  use 
of  it  in  that  beautiful  song,  "Oh,  are  ye  sleepin', 
Maggie  ?  "— 

"  Fearfu'  soughs  the  Boor  tree  bank, 

The  rilted  wood  roars  wild  and  drearie  ; 
Loud  the  iron  yetl  does  clank, 
And  cry  o'  howletts  makes  me  eerie." 

Proteaceous  Plants  at  Kew.— If  the  venerable 

ex-Curator  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  could  but  see 
the  few  colleclions  of  Australian  plants  in  cultivation 
in  English  gardens  at  the  present  time  and  compare 
them  with  what  existed  in  1S62,  he  would  be  aston- 
ished at  the  fewness  of  the  species  in  favour  now. 
Australian  plants,  if  we  except  the  few  soft-wooded 
things  and  such  popular  genera  ai  Epaciises,  Bland* 
fordias,  and  Acacias,  are  at  a  discount  in  the  horti- 
culture of  the  present  period,  and  no  doubt  this  will 
in  some  measure  account  for  the  decrease  generally  in 
the  number  o(  these  plants  at  Kew,  for  it  is  easy  to 
believe  that  the  Kew  authorities  are  to  some  extent 
influenced  by  the  interests  and  tastes  of  the  gardeners 
of  to-day,  and,  therefore,  where  space  is  limited 
plants  of  little  interest  are  compelled  to  give  place  to 
those  that  are  of  more.  With  respect  to  the  Proteads, 
of  which  Kew  once  possessed  a  very  fine  collection  of 
large  plants,  but  which,  owing,  as  the  ex-Curator 
states,  to  a  change  of  quarters,  rapidly  decreased,  I 
think  that  some  of  them  at  least  are  deserving  of  a 
place  among  greenhouse  plants  even  now,  indeed  the 
Grevilleas  and  one  or  two  Lomatias  are  here  and 
there  in  favour.  Still  there  are  some  beautiful  plants 
among  the  Banlcsias,  Diyandras,  and  Hakeas  which 
were  once  well  known  in  the  gardens  of  this  country, 
but  are  now  met  with  only  in  botanical  collections, 
chiefly  at  Kew  and  ^Glasnevin.  I  believe  that  in 
the  former  establishment  eftorts  are  being  made  lo 
increase  the  collection  of  Australian  plants  and  hard- 
wooded  subjects  generally.  Some  genera  are,  of 
course,  largely  represented  there  now,  as,  for  instance, 
the  Acacias,  cf  which  there  are  between  ninety  and  a 
hundred  species  and  varieties ;  Eucalyptus,  sixty 
species  ;  Melaleuca,  twenty-eight  species ;  and 
Boronia,  Callistemon,  Eriostemon,  also  well  repre- 
sented. The  following  list  of  Proteads  now  in  culti- 
vation at  Kew  will  show  that  whilst  the  large  old 
specimens  named  by  the  ex-Curator  have,  some  of 
them,  disappeared,  the  order  is  still  pretty  strong  in 
number.      Comparing    the    genera    with    those    he 


enumerates  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  now  nineteen 
distinct  genera  represented  out  of  a  total  of  forty- 
nine,  whilst  in  1S62  there  were  fifteen  genera.  Ana- 
denia  and  Ilemididia  being  now  reduced,  the  former 
to  Grevillea,  the  latter  to  Banksia.  Altogether  there 
are  now  living  at  Kew  eighty-three  species,  most  of 
them  large  healthy  plants,  so  that  taking  into  con- 
sideration what  is  said  above  with  respect  to  these 
plants  being  now-a-days  very  little  cared  for  generally, 
the  Proteads  cannot  be  said  to  be  neglected  at  Kew. 

Arum  crinitum.  — In  what  way  is  Arum  crinitum 
fertilised  ?  I  have  several  plants  in  my  garden,  but 
it  has  quite  puzzled  me  to  find  out  how  the  pollen 
can  get  in  the  stigma,  unless  the  insects  which  are 
enticed  aqd  entrapped  lay  eggs  before  dying,  and  the 
progeny  in  creeping  out  bring  up  the  pollen  and  place 
it  on  the  stigma.  I  have  made  some  curious  obser- 
vations about  the  plant,  but  the  fertilisation  has  quite 
baffled  me,  and  I  can  find  no  allusion  to  it  in  any  of 
my  books.  A,  D.  W. 

Sulphide  of  Potassium. — Vour  correspondent, 
Mr.  Badger,  calls  attention  {p.  339)  to  the  use  of 
sulphide  of  potassium  against  mildew,  red-spider,  and 
aphides.  Gishurst  Compound  among  other  ingre- 
dients contains  sulphide  of  sodium  ;  a  soluble  sulphide 
has  therefore  been  a  long  time  in  use.  The  Inventor 
0/  Gishnisi. 

Telegraph  Cucumbers. — In  looking  through 
Mr.  Cooling's  nurseries,  Bath,  the  other  day,  I  saw 
a  splendid  house  of  Telegraph  Cucumbers  (Mr.  Cool- 
ing's variety)  hanging  for  seed.  In  the  house— 60 
feet  by  12  feet — hung  2000  beautiful  fruit,  a  fine 
example  of  a  perfect  crop  from  th?  first  growth  up  to 
the  last,  and  quite  filling  the  house.  Mr.  Cooling 
told  me  he  had  cut  from  the  plants  about  300  fruits 
for  eating.  The  fruit  measured  generally  from  iS 
inches  to  2  feet  in  length,  and  was  very  evenly  distri- 
buted through  the  house.  F.  Bmh,  The  Royal  Nur- 
series^ Ascot. 

Belladonna  Lilies.— I  have  heard  it  said  that 
Belladonna  Lilies  do  not  flower  for  some  considerable 
time  after  replanting.  I  removed  two  large  clumps 
last  year  immediately  after  flo'A'ering  that  had  not 
been  disturbed  perhaps  for  fifty  years.  There  were 
nearly  200  bulbs  in  each  clump.  These  I  transferred 
to  a  narrow  border  beneath  a  south  wall,  introducing  a 
quantity  of  peat,  leaf-mould,  and  well  rot  ted  cow  m  mure. 
A  double  row  was  planted  about  6  inches  apart, 
making  use  of  300  of  the  best  bulbs.  At  the  present 
lime  there  are  175  spikes  of  bloom,  some  of  them 
with  thirteen  flowers  on  a  spike.  Immediately  after 
flowering  is  evidently  the  season  to  shift  or  repot 
Lilies  of  any  kind,  whether  it  is  those  deciduous  after 
flowering  or  those  that  flower  with  their  foliage,  as 
the  Lilium  lancifolium  and  varieties.  D.  C.  P. 

Luculias. — 'These  beautiful  greenhouse  evergreen 
flowering  shrubs  are  sadly  neglected  in  gardens  at 
present,  for  rarely  do  I  meet  with  any  specimens.  I 
am  of  course  only  able  to  record  my  experience  of  the 
gardens  of  the  West  of  England,  and  the  few  instances 
where  I  have,  found  them  cultivated  can  be  readily 
enumerated  from  memory.  In  the  great  Camellia- 
house,  at  the  Exeter  nursery,  Messrs.  Lucorabe, 
Pince  &  Co.  have  the  largest  examples  I  am 
acquainted  with  of  both  species  —  gratissima  and 
Pinceana,  and  these  are  neatly  trained  to  the  walls. 
In  December  they  are  literally  covered  with  their 
fragrant,  rosy,  and  white  flowers,  which  are  arranged 
in  large  terminal  cymes,  and  form  a  sight  worth  a 
long  journey  to  witness.  They  are  planted  out 
in  a  compost  of  fibrous  loam,  peat,  and  silver- 
sand,  and  they  certainly  enjoy  this  mixture,  judging 
from  their  ample  foliage  and  stout  shoots.  I  am 
told  that  copious  supplies  of  water  are  given  during 
the  summer ;  but  after  blooming  the  plants  are 
pruned  and  allowed  a  season  of  rest  until  about 
Eister  time.  In  the  conservatory  at  Whiteway, 
Devon,  there  is  a  fine  flourishing  plant  of  L.  Pinceana, 
and  it  is  doing  first-rate  under  Mr.  Nauscawen's  care  ; 
and  F.  B.  Short,  Esq.,  Bickham,  Devon,  has  an 
aged  specimen  of  L.  gratissima  on  the  back  wall  of 
his  conservatory,  and  there  is  one  at  Membland  Hall, 
Ivybridge,  on  the  bick  wall  of  a  greenhouse,  covering 
a  space  of  some  iS  feet  by  14  feet.  It  was  quite  a 
small  plant  some  five  or  six  years  ago,  when  Mr. 
Baker,   the  gardener,  planted  it  there.     There   was 


376 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  19,  18 


also  a  very  old  veteran  growing  in  bush  form  in  the 
gardens  of  that  enthusiastic  blind  florist,  Mr.  Joel 
Roberts,  Pennycomequick,  Plymouth,  the  last  time  I 
passed  that  way.    IV.  Napper, 

Vitality  of  Seeds.— The  table  of  the  vitality  of 
seeds  in  your  last  issue  has  called  my  attention  to  a 
case  of  the  long-retained  vitality  of  Melon  seeds.  I 
have  some  seeds  of  Read's  Hybrid  which  was  saved 
in  the  year  1S73,  consequently  it  is  twelve  years  old. 
I  have  grown  some  of  it  each  succeeding  year,  but 
what  I  consider  most  remarkable  is  that  the  older  the 
seed  the  larger  the  fruit  produced  ;  some  of  them  are 
from  I  lb.  to  2  lb.  (and  some  even  more)  heavier  than 
the  fruit  were  in  the  first  years,  although  they  are 
grown  in  the  same  bouses,  with  the  same  treatment 
as  those  in  the  first  years.  I  have  several  more  seeds, 
and  intend  to  sow  each  year,  to  see  how  long  it  will 
vegetate.  It  is  not  much  longer  in  vegetating  than 
seed  one  or  two  years  old.  The  original  seed  is  much 
smaller  than  those  saved  at  the  present  time,  indeed 
it  is  the  smallest  of  any  Melon  seed  that  I  have  seen. 
/).  Walker,  Dtmorlan.'Tunbridoc  Wells, 


THE      ROYAL     CALEDONIAN      HORTI- 
CULTURAL SHOW,   EDINBURGH  : 

September  9  and  10. 

Instituted  in  1809,  and  incorporated  by  Royal 
Charter  in  1S24,  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society  was  never  in  a  more  flourishing  condition  than  it 
is  at  present.  During^  its  long  history  it  has  done  much 
to  foster  in  Edinburgh  a  love  of  flowers,  and  its  efforts 
have  been  recognised  in  the  highest  quarters.  The 
taste  for  flowers  on  the  part  of  the  municipal  rulers  of 
the  capital  of  Scotland  and  of  its  citizens  is  shown  in  the 
great  attention  that  is  now  paid  to  the  floral  adornment 
of  the  public  gardens,  which  this  year  have  been  models 
of  what  such  places  should  be,  and  by  the  generous 
patronage  which  is  extended  not  only  to  the  Royal 
Caledonian,  but  to  another  useful  institution,  in  which 
many  of  the  officials  of  the  Caledonian  take  a  lively 
interest — the  working  man's  flower  show.  The  autumn 
show  of  the  Royal  Caledonian,  which  took  place  on 
Wednesday  and  Thursday,  September  9  and  10.  is  the 
third  exhibition  this  year  held  under  the  same  auspices. 
The  spring  show  extended  over  two  days  in  April,  the 
summer  show  over  two  days  in  July,  and  before  1885 
passes  away  there  is  to  be  inaugurated  a  winter  show 
which  is  down  on  the  programme  for  November  25 
and  26.  Better  guarantee  than  that  could  not  be  fur- 
nished that  the  management  of  the  Society  is  in  ener- 
getic hands.  This  year's  autumn  show  was  one  of  the 
most  successful  of  the  kind  which  the  Society  has  ever 
held.  The  entries  were  never  more  numerous,  the 
quality  of  the  exhibits,  which  were  for  the  most 
part  typical  of  the  waning  season  of  the  year,  was 
excellent,  the  general  arrangement  of  flowers  and  fruit 
in  the  spacious  Market  Hall  tasteful  in  the  extreme,  the 
weather  all  that  could  be  desired,  and  the  attendance  of 
visitors  most  satisfactory.  The  Market  Hall,  adorned 
with  a  wealth  of  greenery,  bright  with  the  gay  colours  of 
our  autumn  flowers,  and  perfumed  with  the  scent  of 
luscious  fruit,  was  never  more  attractive.  There  were  in 
all  about  1500  entries,  and  of  Grapes  alone  there  was  a 
splendid  display,  over  400  bunches  being  staged. 

Fkuit  Collections. 

The  position  of  honour  at  our  autumn  show  is  always 
given  in  the  catalogue  to  the  fruit,  and  this  year  especi- 
ally it  was  well  entitled  to  such  consideration.  Fruits 
grown  indoors  and  out-of-doors  were  splendidly  repre- 
sented. 

For  the  best  collection  of  twelve  sorts,  the  Culzean 
Castle  exhibits  carried  off  the  blue  ribbon.  Two  bunches 
of  Muscats  were  the  great  feature  of  this  collection,  the 
berries  being  large  in  size,  perfectly  ripe,  and  beautifully 
finished.  The  two  bunches  of  Alnwick  Seedling  which 
it  contained  were  also  excellent,  and  the  same  may  be 
said  of  the  plate  of  Nectarines,  Figs,  and  Plums,  The 
2d  prize  lot  from  Archerfield  included  good  bunches  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Gros  Colmar,  and  Black  Barba- 
rossa.  and  capital  plates  of  Figs  and  Apricots,  while  in 
the  3d  prize  collection  there  were  very  nice  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Melons,  and  Pine-apples,  but  inferior  Grapes. 

The  Broxmouth  Castle  ist  prize  lot  of  eight  sorts  in- 
cluded highly  finished  Muscats,  and  excellent  Figs, 
Apricots  and  Peaches. 

Grapes. 
Taken  all  over  the  Grapes  were  a  splendid  show,  and 
formed  the  chief  feature  in  the  exhibition.  The  black 
varieties  were  rather  better  then  the  white.  The  two 
leading  prizes  went  to  Mr.  Hammond,  gr,  to  Sir  Wilfred 
Lawson,  Brayton  Castle — a  gentleman  who  evidently 
can  appreciate  good  Grapes,  though  he  has  a  personal 
and  parliamentary  antipathy  to  good  wine.  His  collec- 
tion of  twelve  bunches  was,  without  exception,  a  splendid 
and  beautifully  finished  lot — the  Gros  Maroc.  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  and  Black  Ahcante,  being  particularly  fine. 
Mr.  McKelvie's  2d  prize  lot  were  rather  larger  in  the 
berry,  but  not  quite  so  well  finished,  his  Muscats,  how- 


ever, were  shown  in  beautiful  condition  ;  the  greatest 
defect  of  the  3d  prize  collection  was  their  unripeness. 

The  ist  prize  for  eight  bunches  also  went  to  Brayton 
Castle,  this  collection  being  strong  in  Golden  Queen, 
whilst  in  the  2d  prize  lot  from  Alder  Grange,  Durham, 
the  Black  Hamburghs  were  conspicuous. 

J.  Boyd,  gr.  to  Mr.  Forbes,  of  Callander,  had  grand 
bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh.  Muscat  Hamburgh,  Black 
Alicante,  and  Lady  Downe's,  in  the  competitition  for  four 
bunches,  distinct  ;  and  Mr.  Hammond's  2d  prize  lot 
were  also  good,  though  not  quite  so  well  finished. 

There  was  a  large  competition  for  the  ist  prize  for  two 
bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  the  quality  of  the 
exhibits  was  high.  The  Galloway  House  Grapes,  which 
got  ist  prize,  were  beautifully  finished,  large  in  berry, 
and  periectly  ripe  ;  the  2d  prize  two  bunches  were 
rather  deficient  in  the  colour. 

The  competition  was  not  nearly  so  strong  in  Black 
Hamburghs,  but  the  quality  was  well  kept  up,  Mr. 
Boyd,  Callander  House,  being  again  successful.  Neither 
in  quantity  nor  in  quality  were  the  single  bunches  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  up  to  the  average,  and  even  the 
ist  prize  Grapes  were  sliown  in  somewhat  rough  condi- 
tion. 

Out  of  a  large  competition  Mr.  James  King  secured 
the  ist  ticket  for  bloom  with  a  bunch  of  Black  Alicante  ; 
the  prize  for  flavour  went  to  Hutton  Hall,  for  a  bunch  of 
Madresfield  Court  (black),  and  to  J.  W.  McHattie,  New- 
battle,  for  a  bunch  of  the  Duchess  of  Buccleuch  (white). 

On  exhibition  were  two  baskets  of  large-sized  white 
Grapes  (Duke  of  Buccleuch),  from  the  Clovenford 
Vineries,  which  received  a  special  award  lor  general 
excellence,  and  for  the  manner  in  which  they  were 
packed  for  market. 

Miscellaneous. 

Among  other  fruits  grown  indoors  may  be  specially 
mentioned  the  Pine-apples,  Melons  (which  were  much 
above  the  average),  the  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apri- 
cots. Of  all  of  these  the  ist  prize  lots  especially  were 
of  high  merit.  The  hardy  fruits  grown  out-of-doors 
were  also  of  much  excellence.  It  may  be  questioned 
indeed  whether  the  Society  had  ever  a  better  display. 

For  the  best  collection  of  ten  sorts  Mr.  Fairgrieve, 
Dunkeld,  as  usual,  was  in  the  van.  His  Peaches, 
Apricots.  Plums.  Pears,  and  Cherries,  all  beautifully 
coloured  and  perfectly  ripe,  could  not  have  been  well 
surpassed.  The  Hutton  Hall  collection  included  some 
wonderfully  fine  Plums  and  Apricots. 

There  was  a  great  display  of  Apples  and  Pears,  mostly 
of  kitchen  varieties,  though  those  suitable  for  table  were 
also  fairly  represented.  The  Apples,  however,  the 
season  being  yet  early  in  Scotland,  were  for  the  most 
part  shown  in  an  unripe  condition.  Of  Pears  the  collec- 
tion from  Lambton  Castle  was  of  very  superior  quality  ; 
it  included  such  varieties  as  Gregoire  Bordillon  and 
Bellissime  d'Hiver. 

Some  Castle  Kennedy  Figs,  grown  on  a  wall  at  Brox- 
mouth Castle,  were  remarkable  for  their  size, 'quality,  and 
ripeness. 

Vegetables. 

It  has  often  been  hinted  by  thrifty  housewives  when 
they  visited  the  show  that  the  "Caledonian"  rather 
neglected  to  encourage  the  cultivation  of  vegetables. 
China  Asters  and  Dahlias,  and  even  Grapes  are  all  very 
well  in  their  way,  but  where  are  the  Leeks,  and  Cab- 
bages, and  Potaios  upon  which  the  "  lords  of  creation  " 
must  be  led  ?  Critics  of  this  sort,  who,  like  Mr.  Gilbert's 
hero  in  Patimce,  confess  to 

"  An  attachment  a  la  Pluto  to  a  bashful  young  Potato, 
Or  a  not  too  French  French  Bean," 

had  they  been  in  the  Market  Hall  last  Wednesday  or 
Thursday  must  have  been  greatly  mollified  and  pleased. 
The  vegetables  made  a  very  fair  display  indeed — Cauli- 
flowers, Leeks,  Peas,  French  Beans,  Toraatos,  and 
Potatos,  being  shown  to  perfection. 

A  splendid  collection  of  twelve  sorts  was  staged  by 
Mr.  Low,  Stirling,  and  in  the  market  gardeners'  class  the 
exhibits  of  Mr.  John  Murie,  Craigmiller,  were  also  most 
creditable. 

The  Plants  in  Pots, 
which  go  to  form  the  backbone  of  all  exhibitions,  were 
as  usual  of  high  quality.  In  the  autumn  show,  however, 
they  are  never  so  prominent  a  feature  as  in  the  spring 
time.  The  competition  table  prize  went  to  Mr.  R. 
Grossart,  Oswald  Road  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Paterson,  Mill- 
bank,  as  usual,  managed  to  secure  a  fair  proportion  of 
the  honours  for  greenhouse  plants.  Of  these.  Cape 
Heaths  and  Statices  were  conspicuous  on  the  tables.  The 
exotic  Ferns  were  an  average  lot,  the  Davallia  variety 
being  .0  the  front.  The  season  seems  to  have  done 
well  with  the  showy  Vallota  purpurea  (Scarborough 
Lily),  of  which  there  were  a  number  of  well-bloomed 
plants. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Of  cut  flowers  there  was  a  large  display,  and  these' 
formed  the  most  agreeable  and  interesting  feature  of  the 
exhibition.  GladioU,  Dahlias  (show,  fancy,  single,  and 
Cactus),  Hollyhocks,  and  Asters  were  particularly  well 
represented,  the  nurserymen,  however,  being  a  long  way 
ahead  of  their  gardener  friends  in  the  quality  of  their 
exhibits.  Alexander  E.  Campbell's  thirty  Gladioli  were 
perhaps  the  best  grown  cut  flowers  in  the  exhibition. 
The  spikes  were  large  and  of  excellent  colour.  Messrs. 
Stuart  &  Mein  also  exhibited  some  pretty  spikes.  The 
best  of  Mr.  Campbell's  were  Diamond,  De  Mirbel, 
Horace  Vernet,  and  Damon  d'Urville  ;  and  in  the 
2d  prize  lot  there  were  pretty  spikes  of  Undine, 
Nereide,  and  African.  Mr.  M.  Campbell,  Blan- 
tyre,  showed  eleven  spikes  Hollyhocks — a  flower  which 
seems  to  be  recovering  from  the  disease  which  nearly 
annihilated    it    a    tew     years    ago  —  the    Queen    of 


Yellows  being  particularly  pleasing.  A  very  pretty 
display  was  made  by  Messrs.  John  Lamont  &  Sons 
with  their  trusses  of  single  Dahlias.  This  flower 
has  been  made  quite  a  specialty  by  the  firm  whose 
Glen  Nurseries  have  ever  been  famed  for  Dahlias. 
In  all  fifty  varieties  were  shown  by  them,  several  very 
attractive  in  colour.  Of  the  newer  kinds  may  be  spe- 
cially mentioned  Mrs.  R.  J.  Hamill,  a  yellow  regularly 
striped  with  red  ;  Jane  Wallace,  a  strong  lilac  marked 
with  magenta  ;  Her  Majesty,  a  yellow  tipped  with  pure 
white  ;  James  Cocker,  a  crimson  striped  with  maroon  ; 
Miss  Gladstone,  a  silky  mauve  ;  and  lane  Gilbert,  a 
terra  cotta  with  fancy  markings.  Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird 
&  Sons  had  also  an  attractive  display  of  this  now  popular 
flower. 

Double  Dahlias  suffered  greatly  in  Scotland  from  the 
August  frosts,  and  the  blooms  shown  were  not  so  large  as 
usual.  For  the  best  twenty-four  Mr.  Montgomery,  The 
Glen,  Cardross,  had  a  remarkably  even  lot  ;  and  the 
Messrs.  Laird,  who  were  2d,  were  not  far  behind  him. 
This  firm  were  placed  ist  for  their  fancy  Dahlias.  One 
of  the  prettiest  double  Dahlias  of  the  season  is  a  white 
suffused  with  the  faintest  pink  blush.  It  has  been 
named  Mrs.  Gladstone.  General  Gordon  is  one  of  the 
best  of  the  new  fancy  Dahlias,  but  the  blooms  shown  of 
the  "  General  "  were  not  quite  up  to  the  mark. 

Roses. 

It  has  been  said  that  it  is  always  the  unexpected  that 
happens.  Who  would  have  dreamt  of  Roses  grown 
under  the  cold  grey  skies  of  "  Aberdeen  awa  "  beating 
blooms  from  the  famous  nurseries  of  Belmont  ?  Yet  so 
it  was  last  Wednesday,  when  Messrs.  James  Cocker  & 
Sons.  Aberdeen,  carried  off  the  ist  honours  in  the  Rose 
competition  both  for  the  best  thirty-six  and  also  for  the 
best  eighteen.  The  Messrs.  Cocker  have  been  coming 
to  the  front  for  several  years  past  as  rosarians,  and  the 
blooms  they  exhibited  were  certainly  of  great  excellence. 

In  the  thirty-six  bloom  competition  Hugh  Dickson, 
Belmont,  was  placed  2d.  but  in  the  eighteen  bloom  con- 
test the  Belmont  Roses  were  out  of  the  running  alto- 
gether, Mr.  Dickson's  old  opponents,  Messrs.  Smith  & 
Sons,  Stranraer — excellent  Rose  growers  also — being 
awarded  the  2d  ticket.  The  victory  of  the  Messrs. 
Cocker  was  a  very  popular  one.  It  had  begun  to  be  a 
"pious  opinion"  if  not  an  "article  of  faith"  among 
our  home  nurserymen,  that  the  Irish  Roses  could  not 
be  beaten.  This  upset  to  that  belief  will  it  may  be  hoped 
spur  them  up  to  pay  even  greater  attention  than  they 
have  done  to  the  cultivation  of  this  beautiful  and  favourite 
flower.  The  Rose  competition  next  July  in  Edinburgh 
should  be  of  some  interest.  Hugh  Dickson,  if  we  mis- 
take not,  will  give  the  Scotch  nurseymen  a  tussle  for  the 
leading  place,  for  which  they  should  strenuously  prepare. 

Tables  of  Plants. 

The  nurserymen's  large  tables  ranged  down  the  centre 
of  the  hall,  and  well  stocked  with  choice  greenhouse  and 
other  plants,  made  as  formerly  an  effective  display.  To 
Ireland  &  Thomson  fell  the  ist  prize  for  the  table  of 
plants,  40  feet  by  10  feet,  arranged  for  effect.  Their 
exhibits  included  many  lovely  Crotons,  Palms,  and 
Dracaenas  interspersed  with  beautiful  Orchids.  R.  B. 
Laird  &  Sons  were  a  good  2d.  This  firm  also  showed  a 
very  nice  collection  of  new  varieties  of  Crotons  and 
Dracpenas,  the  colour  on  their  table  being  mainly  supplied 
by  Pelargoniums  and  the  "bright  Erica  mammosa 
carnea.  On  their  table  was  a  large  plant  of  Alocasia 
Sanderiana,  with  fine  dark  green  leathery  leaves,  strongly 
ribbed  with  white.  On  a  very  tastefully  arranged  table 
— which  had  not  been  entered  for  competition — J.  Meth- 
ven  &  Son  exhibited  groups  of  their  decorative  Pelar- 
goniums, as  also  pretty  Crotons.  Dracxnas,  Pandanus, 
andCyperus.  A  very  large  floral  cross,  consisting  of  while 
flowers,  but  having  upon  it  crimson  and  yellow  bosses  or 
stars,  was  rather  effective. 

Dickson  &  Sons,  Waterloo  Place,  have  recently  taken 
a  new  departure,  which  was  manifested  on  their  very 
admirable  table  of  exhibits.  Instead  of  sending  the  usual 
collection  of  nurserymen's  plants,  they  went  in  this  lime 
chiefly  for  a  seasonable  display  of  cut  flowers  and  of  fruit 
chiefly  grown  at  their  new  nurseries,  Liberton.  They 
showed  no  fewer  than  no  varieties  of  Apples  and  Pears, 
which,  of  course,  included  every  well  known  kind  and 
many  new  ones.  Of  the  newer  varieties  Stewart's 
Seedling,  the  new  Northern  Greening,  Duchess  of 
Oldenburg,  King  of  Pippins,,  Robert  Black  (a 
very  excellent  Apple),  and  Mr.  Gladstone,  may  be 
specially  mentioned  as  good  croppers,  (  and  otherwise 
satisfactory  for  cultivation.  The  cut  flowers  included 
very  showy  French  Marigolds,  single  and  pompon 
Dahlias,  Carnations,  Roses,  and  Pansies.  An  interest- 
ing exhibit  was  two  plants  of  the  new  Sycamore — 
Acer  Hookerianum,  which  has  been  recently  introduced 
into  this  country  by  this  firm.  The  young  trees,  three 
years  old,  stood  about  4  feet  in  height,  and  were  covered 
with  a  splendid  crop  of  their  large  pinnated  leaves, 
which  showed  a  pretty  reddish-brown  colour  on  the  under- 
side. Mr.  Robertson  Munro,  Abercorn  Nurseries,  had 
one  of  the  brightest  tables  in  the  hall.  It  was  entirely 
given  up  to  a  display  of  cut  herbaceous  and  florists' 
hardy  flowers,  of  which  nearly  200  different  kinds  were 
on  exhibition.  Among  other  things  shown  of  some  in- 
terest were  the  scarlet  Lobelia  Queen  Victoria,  Chry- 
santhemum maximum,  with  very  large  flowers  ;  Lilium 
giganteum,  a  sprig  with  large  bright  berries  of  the  Rosa 
rugosa,  a  fine  spike  of  Lyihrum  superbum,  Menziesia 
polifolia  alba,  &c.  Mr.  Munro  never  did  better  at  an 
autumn  show. 

Among  other  things  in  the  Market  Hall  worthy  of 
notice  was  the  very  interesting  table  of  curious  plants 
from  the  Botanic  Gardens.  These  included  a  remark- 
ably fine  collection  of  pitcher  and  insectivorous  plants, 
several  of  the  Nepenthes  being  hybrids  raised  by  Mr, 
Lindsay,  the  Curator. 


SErTEMBER    I9,    1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


Zll 


Mr.  J.  O.  Mackenzie,  of  Portmore,  sent  for  exhibition 
a  number  of  small  branches,  with  cones,  of  the  newer 
Conifers,  which  had  been  grown  at  an  elevation  of 
upwards  of  800  feet  above  sea-level.  The  list  included 
the  Albert  Fir,  young  plants  of  which  are  at  present 
growing  at  Portmore  from  seed  ripened  at  Carstairs  ; 
the  Nordmanniana,  DougUs,  and  Menzies  Firs,  and 
Abies  nobilis. 

There  was  likewise  an  interesting  exhibition  of  bees, 
and  at  the  west  end  of  the  hall  there  was  a  display  of 
manufactured  goods  more  or  less  associated  with  horti- 
culture. Wotherspoon's  hot-water  boiler  for  conserva- 
tories seemed  a  serviceable  article  ;  Robert  Ure,  Princes' 
Street,  had  a  great  display  of  artistic  ornamental  stone- 
ware ;  Mr.  Andrew  Wight.  Hope  Lane,  had  three 
prettily  designed  ferneries;  and  Messrs.  Smith  &  Co., 
High  Street  ;  and  Mr.  P.  Brown,  Hamilton  Place, 
ornamental  wirework,  stands,  i^c,  for  plants. 


DERBY    HORTICULTURAL    SHOW: 

September  9  and  10. 

The  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Agricultural  Show,  in  the  Recreation 
Ground,  the  weather  on  the  first  day  being  very  showery 
but  on  the  second  day  everything  that  could  be  desired. 

The  show  itself  was,  as  a  whole,  a  good  one,  the  com- 
petition in  the  various  classes,  both  by  nurserymen, 
amateurs,  and  cottagers,  being  very  close,  the  exhibits 
quite  up  to  the  average,  the  liberal  prizes  offered  for 
stove  and  greenhouse  loHage  and  flowering  plants  having 
brought  many  competitors  amongst  the  nurserymen. 

Foliage  and  Flowering  Plants. 
The  leading  prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr.  Cypher,  of 
Cheltenham,  and  Mr.  Tudg^^y,  Waltham  Cross,  who 
showed  in  their  well-known  style.  The  former  beat 
his  old  rival  with  a  very  good  dozen  of  plants,  comprising 
Phoenocoma  prolifera,  Allamanda  nobilis  and  A.  Hen- 
(Jersonii,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Lxora  Colei,  Erica 
Irbyana  and  retorta  major,  KentJa  Fosteriana,  Latania 
borbonica,  Cycas  circinalis,  and  Crotons  Sunset  and 
Prince  of  Wales.  Mr.  Tiidgey  was  2d.  his  plants  lacking 
the  freshness  of  the  iormer ;  3d,  Mr.  Haslam,  Hartoft, 
whose  plants  were  much  smaller. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Twelve  stove  and  greenhouse,  gentlemen's  gardeners, 
brought  five  competitors,  the  ist  prize  being  awarded  to 
Mr.  Ward,  Reddings  ;  2d,  to  Mr.  Roberts,  Higlifi'-ld 
Hall,  Leek.  In  my  opinion  this  collection  was  a  long 
way  the  ist  ;  the  decision  of  the  judges  was  strongly 
commented  upon  .it  the  time— the  flowering  plants  wtre 
much  better  than  in  the  former  collection,  as  were  also 
the  arrangement  of  them.  3d,  Mr.  Milford,  Allesiree 
Hall,  whoshowed also  agood  collection  ;  4th,  Mr.  Gilbert, 
Duffield  Hall ;  5th.  Mr.  Robinson,  Meynell  Langley. 

Ferns  and  Selaginellas  were  well  shown,  the  ist  for 
the  former  going  to  Mr.  Ward,  Reddings.  for  a  good 
six  ;  while  the  1st  for  Selaginellas  went  to  Mr.  D.  Robin- 
son for  six  good  pairs,  well  done. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Cut  Asters,  Dahlias,  Marigolds,  Roses,  were  good,  as 
were  also  cut  double  and  single  trusses  of  Pelargoniums 
and  Gladiolus. 

Bouquets  were  shown  in  quantities,  but  the  exhibitors 
should  copy  the  example  set  them  by  those  which  were 
awarded  ist,  which  came  from  Mr.  Cypher,  who  took 
both  the  ist ;  others  were,  as  is  often  the  case,  sadly 
overcrowded. 

Fruit. 

Collection  of  ten  distinct  sorts  brought  four  collections, 
ist,  Mr.  Goodacrc.  Elvaston  Castle,  who  showed  well  in 
everything  ;  Mr.  Ward,  Reddings,  2d,  with  a  good  lot  ; 
closely  followed  by  Mr.  Evans,  Chaddwen,  who  was  3d. 

Grapes  proved  a  strong  competition,  ist  for  black 
was  awarded  to  Mr  Evans,  but  in  the.opinion  ol  many 
competent  judges  the  2d  prize  lot,  from  Mr.  Goodacre, 
should  have  held  the  prominent  position  ;  3d,  Mr.  M. 
Vineil,  who  was  ist  with  white,  showing  good  bunches 
of  Chassela5  Napoleon,  well  finished  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  W. 
Smith.  Alvaston  Hall ;  3d.  Mr.  Bolas,  Hopton  Hall, 
both  showing  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  good. 

Apples  and  Pears  were  shown  both  in  good  quantity 
and  quality. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  fair  in  both  respects,  as 
were  likewise  the  Pines  and  Melons. 

Vegetables. 

These,  considering  the  drought  that  has  been  experi- 
enced, were  shown  in  first-rate  quality. 

In  the  collection  of  twelve  sorts  the  ist  prize  was 
awarded  to  Messrs.  J.  &  H.  Hickhng,  Loijghborough. 
for  a  good  lot. 

Potatos  and  other  vegetables  were  shown  in  great 
quantity,  the  quahty  being  quite  up  to  the  average. 

Amateurs  and  Cottagers. 

These  showed  well  in  their  respective  classes.  The 
plants,  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables  shown  by  the 
various  exhibitors  wereof  good  quality,  and  reflected  great 
credit  upon  the  various  contributors. 

The  prizes  offered  for  bouquets  of  wild  flowers  for 
children  was  full  of  interest  to  those  exhibiting,  the  com- 
petition strong  and  deserving  of  great  praise,  the  female 
sex  taking  the  leading  award. 

Not  for  Competition. 

Mr.    John    Campbell,    Mickelover    Manor    Gardens, 

showed  six  splendid  bunches  of  Grapes,  two  Muscat  of 


Alexandria,  two  Canon  Hall,  two  Alnwick  Seedling, 
all  very  fine  bunches,  weighing,  the  former,  nearly  6  lb. 
each — good  berries,  well  finished. 

Mr.  Goodacre  showed,  from  a  very  extensive  collection 
of  Apples  grown  at  Elvaston,  twenty-five  varieties  he 
considers,  Irom  long  experience,  best  adapted  for  the 
climate  of  Derbyshire.  These  were  shown  upon  the 
boughs,  thus  showing  their  prolific  qualities  in  the  most 
evident  manner. 

Messrs.  Barron  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Borrowash, 
showed  a  choice  collection  of  ornamental  trees  and 
Coniferre  ;  it  was  a  pity  they  were  not  named,  so  as  to 
have  afforded  a  guide  to  the  many  interested  onlooker?. 
The  same  firm  showed  a  splendid  type  of  Lilium 
auratum,  called  rubrum  vittalum,  bright  red  taking  the 
place  of  the  yellow  in  the  ordinary  varielie-.  They  also 
had  some  good  summer  -  houses,  rustic  seats  and 
chairs.  &c. 

Mr.  Cooling,  nurseryman,  Derby,  showed  collections 
of  cut  flowcrfi  Roses,  Dahlias,  wreaths  and  crosses, 
plants,  &c.  A.  O. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE    HORTICUL- 
TURAL: September  9  and  10. 

This  Society  held  its  second  exhibition  this  year  on  a 
large  piece  of  ground  temporarily  fenced  off  from  the 
race-course  adjacent  to  the  town.  An  untoward  occur- 
rence took  place  during  the  night  preceding  the  show  : 
the  principal  tent  containing  some  of  the  best  plants  ex- 
hibited in  the  leading  classes  was  blown  down  through 
being  insufficiently  secured,  and  this  necessarily  caused 
delay.  Considering  the  lateness  of  tlie  season  the  ex- 
hibition may  be  pronounced  a  success  ;  flowering  and 
fine-leaved  plants  were  well  shown,  especially  the  former, 
which  several  of  the  competitors  staged  in  better  bloom 
than  might  have  been  looked  for. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class  for  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  six  in  flower  and  six  fine-foUage.  Mr.  Cypher, 
Cheltenham,  scored,  an  easy  victory,  staging  a  hand- 
some group  containing  some  very  fine  Crotons  and  Palms, 
Erica  Eweriana.  E.  obbata  purpurascens,  Stephanoiis 
floribunda,  and  Clerodendron  BaUouriana.  It  is  only  in 
comparatively  recent  times  that  the  two  last-named 
plants  have  been  seen  much  of  at  autumn  shows,  now 
several  exhibitors  bring  them  out  in  almost  as  good  con- 
dition at  the  latter  end  of  the  season  as  at  the  beginning, 
proving  the  accommodating  character  of  the  plants. 
Mr.  J.  Parker,  Victoria  Nursery,  Rugby,  who  was  2d, 
had  amongst  others  a  well-flowered  Dipladenia  amabilis. 
Lapageria  rosea,  and  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  also  in 
nice  condition.  The  best  of  the  fine-leaved  plants  ia  this 
collection  were  Croton  majesticus,  C.Youngii,  and 
Corypha  australis. 

Ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs),  five  in 
flower^  and  five  fine-leaved. — With  these  Mr.  Holland, 
gr.  to  W.  Jeffrey,  Esq.,  Billing  Road,  Northampton, 
took  ist,  having  nicely  bloomed  examples  of  Bougain- 
villea  glabra  and  Dipladenia  amabilis,  bearing  numerous 
trusses  of  unusually  large  flowers  ;  amongst  the  orna- 
mental-leaved subjects  in  this  group  was  Cycas  revoluta 
in  flower. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs).  — ist,  Mr. 
Miller,  gr.  to  R.  Loder,  Esq.,  Whittlebury. 

Ferns,  Fuchsias,  &c. 

In  the  class  for  six  exotic  varieties,  Mr.  Holland  was 
the  only  exhibitor,  taking  ist  with  a  pretty  half  dozen, 
including  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  and  Adiantum 
farleyense. 

Twelve  dinner-table  plants. — ist,  Mr.  Holland. 

With  six  Fuchsias,  Mr.  Garfirth,  gr.  to  P.  Phipps, 
Esq.,  Collinglree,  was  ist ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Beard. 

Six  double  varieties  of  zonal  Pelargoniums. — ist,  Mr. 
Garfirlh.  Six  singles. — ist,  Mr.  F.  Beard  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Garfirth. 

Groups  of  Plants 

were,  as  at  most  horticultural  gatherings,  made  a 
leading  feature.  Liberal  prizes  were  offered,  and  a  large 
tent  devoted  to  them.  Evidently  the  space  to  be  covered 
— 240  feet,  required  more  filling  than  most  of  the  exhibi- 
tors competing  had  calculated  upon,  as  most  of  the 
groups  were  too  thin. to  admit  of  the  pots  being  suflficiently 
hid.  Some  of  the  flowering  plants  used  were  too  large. 
It  is  also  a  mistake  to  introduce  formally  trained  speci- 
mens, even  if  they  are  not  large,  into  groups  of  this 
description,  one  of  the  main  characteristics  of  which 
should  be  an  absence  of  all  that  is  stiff  and  formal.  Mr. 
].  Parker  was  ist,  Mr.  Miller  2d,  and  Mr.  Holland  3d. 

Table  Decorations. 

Notwithstanding  the  general  protest  so  long  made 
against  the  use  of  anything  in  the  shape  of  stands  of 
flowers  or  of  plants  in  this  kind  of  decoration  that  are 
so  high  as  to  interfere  with  an  uninterrupted  sight  across 
the  table,  exhibitors  have  persistently  clung  to  arrange- 
ment in  which  the  plants  or  stands  employed  are  too 
high  to  be  seen  above.  In  this  way  they  place  themselves 
in  the  anomalous  position  of  standing  directly  opposed 
to  the  principle  accepted  in  the  kind  of  decoration  they 
undertake  to  illustrate.  It  does  not  require  much  reflec- 
tion on  the  part  of  either  exhibitors  or  those  who  act  as 
judges  in  competitions  of  this  kind  to  see  that  if  they 
are  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times  it  is  necessary  to  get 
out  of  the  old  ruts.  At  the  least  it  is  inconsistent  to 
hold  on  to  a  system  that  would  not  be  tolerated  in  one 
household  out  of  a  score  where  table  decoration  is 
adopted.  On  this  occasion  most  of  the  competitors 
kept  clear  of  the  antiquated  stands,  using  only  plants  for 


the  centre-line,  with  a  moderate  addition  of  flowers  and 
green  foliage. 

Mr.  Cypher  was  ist,  with  a  table  on  which  the  low 
arrangement  in  question  was  adipted  ;  a  small  Cocos 
Weddelliana.  little  more  than  a  foot  high,  occupied  the 
centre,  with  four  smaller  plants  of  the  same  elegant  Palm 
as  accessories,  standing  in  a  square  about  15  inches  from 
it  ;  round  the  base  ol  the  central  plant  were  suitable 
flowers,  thinly  placed  in  a  setting  of  Ferns.  A  few  small 
low  glass  stands,  holding  a  few  flowers  and  Ferns  com- 
pleted the  arrangement,  which  (or  elegance  combined 
with  a  due  appreciation  of  form  and  colour  in  the  mate- 
rials employed,  it  would  be  difficult  to  beat.  Mr.  ParkT 
and  Mrs  ).  Chettle,  who  were  respectively  2d  and  3d, 
both  had  beautiful  tables,  arranged  similarly  to  the  ist, 
and  little  inferior,  except  that  the  plants  used  were  some- 
what too  large  to  avoid  the  objection  on  the  score  of 
height. 

With  a  hand-bouquet,  Messrs.  S.  Perkins  &  Sons, 
Warwick  Road  Nursery,  Coventry,  and  Mr.  Cypher 
were  equal  ist,  both  showing  beautiful  examples  ;  Mr. 
F.  Perkins,  Leamington,  2d. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  not  a  large  display  of  Roses,  but  some  of 
those  shown  were  unusually  good  lor  the  advanced  sea- 
son ;  with  twenty-four,  Messrs.  S.  Perkins  &  Sons,  took 
ist,  having  a  nice  stand  ;  Mr.  House,  Peterborough,  a 
good  2d. 

Dahlias  were  well  shown.  In  the  class  for  twenty- 
four  show  varieties,  Messrs.  |.  &  H.  Hickhng,  nursery- 
men, Loughborough,  took  the  lead  with  large,  full-sized 
flowers,  the  best  of  which  were  General  Roberts,  salmon 
colour;  Prince  Bismarck,  purple;  James  Cocker,  purple  ; 
Mrs.  J.  Laing.  white  ;  Mrs.  Harris,  blush  ;  and  Aurora, 
salmon.  2d,  Mes^s.  T.  Perkins  &  Son,  Kingsihorpe 
Nurseries. 

Twelve  varieties  of  singlp  Dahlias. — ist,  Messrs.  T. 
Perkins  &  Son  ;  2d.  Mr.  House. 

Twelve  fancy  Dahlias. — These  also  were  well  shown— 
Messrs.  Hickling  taking  ist,  here  also  with  a  beautiful 
set  of  blooms,  conspicuoits  amongst  which  were  Flora 
Wyatt,  shaded  salmon  ;  Miss  Browning,  yellow,  tipped 
with  white  ;  and  the  Rev.  J.  B  M.  Camm,  yellow, 
flaked  with  crimson  ;  2d,  Messrs.  T.  Perkins  &  Son. 

Twelve  show  Dahhas  (amateurs).— ist,  Mr.  Miller  ; 
2d.  Mr.  F.  Beard. 

Twelve  single  D.ihlias  (amiteurs). — ist,  Mr.  J.  D. 
Howes  ;  2d,  Mr.  S.  Allen,  gr.  to  H.  S.  Pritchard.  Esq. 

Miscellaneous  cut  flowers  were  forihcoming  in  good 
condition,  Mr.  F.  Perkins  being  ist  with  a  fine  stand  of 
twenty-four  varieties,  consisting  of  stove,  greenhouse,  and 
herbaceous  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Parker. 

Fruit. 

With  six  dishes  Mr.  F.  Day,  gr.  to  Lord  Wantag-^, 
Overstone,  took  1st,  having  in  a  nice  collection  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes,  a  good  dish  of  Crimson  Galande 
Peaches,  a  Melon,  and  Apricots  ;  2d,  Mr.  Garfirth. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  Miller,  who 
staged  a  couple  of  bunches  ot  Madresfield  Court  nicely 
finished,  and  one  of  Black  Hamburgh  ;  2d,  Mr.  F. 
Day  with  Black  Hamburgh. 

Three  bunches  of  White  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  Miller, 
who  had  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  nice  bunches,  well 
finished. 

Single  Melon. — ist,  Mr.  E.  Simons,  Harlestone  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Holland. 

Dish  of  Peaches. — With  these,  Mr.  F.  Day  and  Mr. 
Miller  were  equal  ist,  both  showing  beautiful  Iriut, 
Mr.  Day  having  grand  examples  of  Crimson  Galande. 

Dish  of  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Miller  ;  2d,  Mr.  |. 
Fairbrother. 

Plums,  Apples,  and  Pears  were  in  excellent  condition. 

In  a  close  competition  with  three  varieties  ol  Plums, 
twelve  of  a  sort,  Mr.  R.  C.  Westley,  Kislingbury,  took 
ist  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Collings,  Berry  Wood. 

Three  varieties  of  Pears,  six  of  each. — 1st,  Mr.  Gar- 
firth ;  2d,  Mr.  Slarke,  gr.  to  Sir  T.  Hesketh. 

Three  varieties  of  Apples,  six  of  each. — ist,  Mr. 
Harlock,  gr.  to  Lord  Lilfoid  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  C.  Westley. 

Messrs.  John  Perkins  &  Son  exhibited  a  fine  collection 
of  Gladioli  ;  Messrs.  T.  Perkins  &  Son,  Dahlias  ;  and 
Mr.  House,  Peterborough,  a  collection  of  Roses — in  each 
case  not  for  competition. 


FOr\ESTJ\Y. 

DRAINING. 
Remove  accumulations  of  leaves,  twigs,  and 
branches  from  woodland  ditches,  as  well  as  from  the 
mouths  of  closed  drains  and  culverts.  With  the  late 
stormy  wet  weather  these  are  apt  to  get  choked  up, 
and,  unless  immediately  attended  to,  soon  occa>ion 
much  extra  trouble  and  expense.  The  scouring 
and  cleaning  of  woodland  ditches  should  be  steadily 
prosecuted  during  the  present  warm  weather,  it  being 
at  that  time  more  satisfactorily  accomplished  than 
during  cold  winter  weather,  as  well  as  being  less  inju- 
rious to  the  men  employed  at  the  work.  Cut  new 
drains  where  stagnant  moisture  in  the  woods  proclaims 
that  such  is  necessary,  and  in  doing  so  throw  the  soil 
well  back  from  the  verge  so  as  to  prevent  its  being 
accidentally  thrown  in  again. 

Game  Coverts, 
The  layering  and  general  extension  of  game  coverts 


378 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SErTEMBER    I9,    I8 


may,  where  necessary  and  as  time  permits,  be  now 
engaged  in.  Laurels  that  have  become  overf^rown 
should  be  bent  over  and  pegged  down  (pruning,  for 
appearance  sake,  had  better  be  deferred  till  early 
spring),  Privets  pruned  and  layered,  and  the  Rhodo- 
dendron, where  such  is  employed,  divided,  replanted, 
and  laid  for  further  stock.  As  layering  is  a  simple 
and  most  inexpensive  method  of  getting  up  covert,  it 
should,  on  all  estates  where  such  is  required,  be  ex- 
tensively practised.  A  man  and  boy  with  hand-bill, 
mallet,  and  spade  will  go  over  a  great  number  in  a 
day  by  proceeding  as  follows  : — First  cut  a  number  of 
good  strong  hooked  pegs — Oak,  Ash,  or  any  hardwood 
will  do — and  having  bent  the  branch  to  be  layered 
down  until  at  about  half  its  length  it  comes  in  con- 
tact with  the  ground,  at  which  point  it  should  be 
secured  firmly  by  driving  one  of  the  pegs  firmly  into 
the  ground,  the  hooked  head  of  which  will  serve  to 
keep  the  branch  in  position  until  rootlets  are  emitted. 
A  spadeful  of  earth  may  be  thrown  over  the  layer  at  the 
point  of  junction  with  iheground,  which  will  materially 
assist  the  process  of  rooming.  All  branches  not  layered 
may  be  removed  irom  the  stool. 

Planting. 
The  enclosing,  draining,  and  pitting  or  trenching 
of  ground  for  new  plantations,  should  be  finished  as 
quickly  as  possible.  Ground  of  a  stiff,  retentive 
nature  should  be  well  broken  up,  either  by  trenching 
or  steam-ploughing  and  drainage,  previous  to  insert- 
ing the  plants.  Pitting  is,  in  any  case,  a  valuable 
preliminary  to  planting,  more  es;pecially  where  done 
some  time  previous,  the  winter  air  having  a  most 
beneficial  effect  on  newly  exposed  soil.  Planting 
large  evergreens  may  now  be  successfully  performed, 
staking  and  tying  where  necessary,  and  giving  the 
plants  a  liberal  mulching  to  prevent  excessive  evapor- 
ation. Dead  trees  in  last  year's  plantations  should 
be  removed,  and  holes  for  their  successors  prepared  ; 
at  the  same  time  it  is  well  to  ascertain,  and  remedy  if 
possible,  the  cause  of  failures.  Where  slips  have 
occurred  along  the  banks  of  rivers  and  streams,  the 
planting  of  Willows  will  be  found  an  excellent  remedy 
against  further  injury.  Deciduous  trees  intended 
for  planting  out  during  the  coming  season  should  be 
lifted  towards  the  end  of  the  month,  and  *'  sheughed  " 
in  a  dry,  warm  situation  until  required  for  use.  In 
"sheughing"  plants  avoid  overcrowding,  and  place 
so  that  the  heads  of  one  row  shelter  the  stems  and 
roots  of  the  previous  one. 

Roads  and  Walks. 
Prepare  and  get  forward  stone  and  other  material 
for  road-making  and  repairing.  Surface  ruts  and 
other  inequalities  should  be  levelled  down  at  once, 
edf^es  cut,  weeds  removed,  gratings  cleaned,  and 
obstructing  twigs  or  branches  cut  back  and  removed. 
Use  the  edging-iron  along  the  sides  of  walks,  and 
freshen  the  surface  by  a  timely  raking,  or  the  applica- 
tion of  gravel  where  such  may  be  deemed  necessary. 
A.  D,  Webster,  Penrhyn  Castle,  North  Wales, 

Paulownia  imperialis. 
In  this  country  we  usually  plant  this  tree  almost 
regardless  of  its  being  one  that  demands  a  warm 
position,  and  often  find  it  in  shady  parts  of  the 
pleasure-ground,  or  carelessly  stuck  in  amongst 
the  usual  heterogeneous  collection  of  an  English 
shrubbery.  If  it  requires  shelter  it  does  not  need 
to  be  crowded  with  other  things  with  that  end 
in  view.  What  perhaps  is  required  is  the  fullest 
southerly  exposure,  with  dense  trees  at  the  rear,  or 
else  tall  buildings.  In  such  positions  it  will,  in  ordi- 
nary years,  ripen  its  wood  and  flower  well.  The  tree 
is  not  "spring  lender,"  and  can  withstand  any 
amount  of  cold  such  as  we  have[?].  In  the  bird  market 
in  Paris  it  is  planted  in  intersecting  lines,  perhaps  a 
dozen  feet  apart,  and  atTords  the  frequenters  of  the 
market  a  grateful  shade  in  hot  weather,  the  leaves 
being  large,  and  yet  not  numerous,  nor  the  habit 
dense,  so  that  under  their  shade  there  is  a  pleasant 
circulation  of  air.  There  some  of  the  trees  are  allowed 
to  flower,  the  handsome  purple  Gloxinia-like  bloom 
being  very  striking  ;  other  trees  have  their  shoots 
shortened  back  annually.  la  the  case  of  these  latter 
the  head?  are  more  compact  and  regular  in  outline. 
Possilily,  having  the  continued  good  health  of  the 
trees  in  view,  the  flowering  trees  of  one  year  become 
the  pruned  ones  of  the  next. 

JUNIPERUS    VIRGINIANA. 

This  is  not  frequently  planted  in  a  group,  nnd  yet  it  is 
one  of  the  best  for  the  purpose,  being  a  quick  grower, 


and  relatively  cheap  to  buy.  In  parks  and  pleasure- 
grounds  of  considerable  extent,  where  deciduous  and 
light  green  foliage  abounds,  this  tree,  carefully  planted 
as  regards  quantity  and  position,  forms  an  admirable 
contrast  with  the  lighter  greens,  and  associates  well 
with  glistening  sheets  of  water,  and  addj  shade,  if 
wanted,  to  gloomy  pools  and  secluded  nooks.  When 
thickly  planted — that  is,  at  4  feet  asunder,  and  even  at 
a  less  distance — the  plants  grow  straight  and  rapidly, 
forming  fewer  side-branches  than  when  planted  at  a 
wide  distances  or  when  solitary.  The  outer  trees  of 
a  group  will  extend  their  outside  branches  much  as 
the  Vew  does,  and  will  eventually  sweep  the  ground, 
thus  taking  off  the  stiff  appearance  the  group  would 
otherwise  acquire.  The  outsiders  will  also  grow  less 
in  height  than  those  in  the  interior,  and  in  that  way 
give  the  pleasing  pyramidal  form  and  irregularity  to  a 
group  that  is  so  desirable.  In  park  land  ihit  is 
sometimes  fed  off  the  tree  is  preferable  to  the  Vew, 
as  nothing  will  browse  on  it  excepting  roe-deer,  and 
these  only  in  very  severe  weather.  The  wood  has  a 
certain  value,  when  of  fair  size,  for  the  lining  of 
cabinet-makers'  work,  it  being  easily  worked,  agree- 
ably perfumed,  and  insect-proof— at  least  to  insects  of 
temperate  climes.  Sylvestris. 

Spanish  Chestnut  Grafted  on  Oak. 
It  will  probably  be  news  to  most  readers  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  to  leara  that  Castanea  sativa 
grafts  readily  on  the  common  Oak.  This  tree  only 
thrives  where  more  or  less  sand  is  present  in  the  soil, 
and  in  places  where  this  constituent  is  almost  or 
altogether  absent  the  Spanish  Chestnut  often  refuses 
to  grow.  Such  is  the  case  in  the  Botanic  Garden  at 
Dijon,  where  the  only  specimen  is  a  grafted  one,  the 
stock  below  the  graft  being  allowed  to  develope  a 
shoot  or  two,  just  to  prove  to  the  sceptically  mclined 
that  it  is  nothing  but  the  common  Oak.  Indeed,  we 
were  informed  by  Mons.  Weber,  the  Curator,  that  it 
is  only  by  using  the  Oak  (which  thrives  at  Dijon) 
that  he  is  enabled  to  grow  the  Spanish  Chestnut  at 
all,  as  it  will  not  succeed  on  its  own  roots.   G.  iV. 


STATE  Of  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHBATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Sei'tember  i6,  1885. 


"Hygrome- 
tncal    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

a 

Barometeh. 

Tempebatube  oe 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

J 

I 

s 

HI  lis 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1   , 

i- 

lit 

a. 
i 

a 

h 

I 

Sept 

In. 

In.    1   • 

.    . 

. 

In. 

.0 

3964 

-02663.5 

47.0 

•65 

53-6-  4-4 

50.8 

90 

s.w. 

087 

" 

2938 

-0,5159.0 

49  5 

95 

53  4-  4-1 

44.6 

72 

N.W. 

O.OI 

" 

"9  74 

-0.562.0 

47  5 

14.5 

52.2-  S.4  500 

93 

N.W 

005 

13 

J986 

-0.0366.0 

54OJ12.0 

58,2+0851.3 

A 

S-VV,  : 
VV,S.W, 

0.00 

M 

2979 

-0.0968.5 

48.5200 

S8  7  +  I  5  56.8 

94 

S,W. 

O.OI 

'5 

2963 

-01974  5 

57.517-0 

64  3 

+  7-2  57-2 

76{ 

E,  SE  : 
S.S.E. 

0.«. 

16 

2991 

+0.0568.5 

54  0,14  5 

58.4 

+  r-5 

54-0 

86 

S.W. 

0.30 

Mean 

2971 

-ai7  66.o 

1 

51-114  9 

S7.o|-  0.5 

52.1 

84 

S.W. 

■  33 

10. — Fine  bright   morning,  dull  afternoon,    heavy  ran 

n. — Slight  rain  in  early  morning,  dull  day,  very  fin 

dear  nighL 
12. — Rain  in  early  morniDg,  dull  day  and  night,  stron 

wind 
13. — Fine  dull  day,  clear  sky  at  night. 
14.— Dull  day,  fine  ami  bright  about  2  p.m. 
15. — Very  line  il.iy  and  night. 
16. — Dull  day,  heavy  rain  in  evening. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure,  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  12,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.61 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.70  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  6th,  decreased   to  29. 58  inches  by 


5  P.M.  on  the  7lh,  increased  to  29  S2  inches  by  9  A.M., 
decreased  to  29.77  inches  by  I  r,M.  on  the  Sth,  in- 
creased to  29  84  inches  by  9  a.m.  decreased  to  29.75 
inches  by  i  p.m.  on  the  9ih,  increased  to  29  89  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  loth,  decreased  to  29,47  inches  by 
9  AM.  on  the  liih,  increased  to  29. 98  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  the  I2ih,  and  was  29. 86  inches  by  the 
end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29. 78  inches,  being  0.07 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.35  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  73",  on  the  6ih,  on 
the  nth  the  highest  was  59^  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  64°. 5. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  47°,  on  the  loth  ;  on 
the  7th  the  lowest  temperature  was  56\  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  49^9. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
24".  I,  on  the  6ih  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  7th.  was  5°.5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  14''. 6. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  September  6Lh, 
59°.3;  on  the  7th,  58°;  on  the  Sih,  57°.6  ;  on 
the  9ih,  (;7°  ;  on  the  loih,  53°.6  ;  on  the  iiih,  53°.4  ; 
and  on  the  12th,  52^2;  and  these  were  all  below 
their  averages  (excepting  the  6ih,  which  was  0°.9 
above)  by  o''.4,  o°.7,  i°.i,  4°.4,  4°.4  and  5". 4  respec- 
tively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  55*.9, 
being  i°.4  lower  than  last  week,  and  2°.2  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  126°  on  the  6th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  103''.5. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  40",  on  the  loth.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  42s 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  five  days,  to  the  amount  of 
2.08  inches,  of  which  0.87  inch  fell  on  the  loth. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  12  the  highest  temperatures  were  73° 
at  Blackheath,  70^9  at  Cambridge,  70°  at  Sheflirld  ; 
the  highest  at  Bradford  was  63". 8,  at  Prestoa  64"*, 
at  Liverpool  64". 8.     The  general  mean  was  67". 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  40^.5  at  Cambridge, 
42°  at  Hull,  43°  at  Wolverhampton,  ithe  lowest 
at  Liverpool  49^3,  at  PI>mouth  and  Brighton  48°. 8. 
The  general  mean  was  46°.  2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  30^.4  at  Cambride,  26'' 
at  Blackheath,  23^  at  Sheflield  and  Hull  ;  the  least 
ranges  were  IS^'.S  at  Liverpool,  l6°.4  at  Bradford, 
17''. 2  at  I'ljmouth.     The  general  mean  was  20°. 8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  66". 8,  at  Brighton  65*. 2,  at 
Truro  65°;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  60'*. 3,  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  61°.  The  general  mean 
was  63 ^ 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  52°,  at  Plymouth  5l°.9,  at  Bristol 
5i".6;  and  was  lowest  at  Hull,  46**,  at  Wolver- 
hamploii  46*. 2,  at  Bolton  46*  8.  The  general  mean 
was  49''. 4. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
i3°.S,  at  Hull  l6°.6,  at  Wolverhampton  I5°.9  ;  and 
was  least  at  Liverpool,  9*. 6,  at  Plymouth  and  Bradford 
11". 4.     The  general  mean  was   13°. 6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  57".!, 
at  Brighton  56^.8,  at  Plymouth  56°. 2 ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Bolton,  52°. 2,  at  Wolverhampton  52^.8,  at 
Hull  52°. 9.     The  general  mean  was  54°. 9. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  2.S4  inches  at 
Truro,  2.26  inches  at  Nottingham,  2.17  inches  at 
Bristol;  the  smallest  falls  were  o. 3S  inch  at  Leeds, 
0.61  inch  at  Bradford,  o  74  inch  at  Hull.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  1.57  inch.  Rain  fell  on  every  day  in 
the  week  at  Plymouth,  Brighton,  Biistol,  Cambridge, 
Wolverhampton,  and  Bolton,  and  from  four  to  six 
days  at  other  stations. 

Scotland  :  Temperature.  —  During  the  week  end- 
ing September  12,  the  highest  temperature  was  6S°.2, 
at  Dundee  ;  at  Perth  the  highest  temperature  was 
6l°.5.     The  general  mean  was  64". 6. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  35°,  at 
Perth;  at  Greenock  the  lowest  temperature  was  44*.2. 
The  general  mean  was  41°. 7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh, 
53". 8  ;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  52°. i.  The  general  mean 
was  53^3• 

i^aiM.— The  largest  fall  was  3  26  inches  at  Greenock, 


September  19,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


379 


the  smallest  fall  was  0.70  inch,  at  Aberdeen.     The 
general  mean  fall  was  1. 41  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,   F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature.  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Sept.  14,  18S5,  issued  by 
the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria-street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  has  been  in  a  very 
changeable,  unsettled  condition,  in  all  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  with  large  quantities  of  rain,  and  occasional 
thunder  and  lightning. 

Temperature  has  about  equalled  the  mean  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  and  "England,  N.E.,"  but  has 
been  1°  or  2°  below  in  all  other  districts.  The 
maxima,  which  were|  recorded  on  difTerent  days  in  the 
various  districts,  ranged  from  63'  to  66"  in  Scotland, 
between  65°  and  69'  in  Ireland,  and  from  67'  to  70° 
over  England,  The  minima  were  registered  either  on 
the  nth  or  12th,  when  the  thermometer  fell  to  35°  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  36°  in  "Scotland,  E.,"  and  to 
between  38°  and  43°  in  most  other  districts ;  in 
"  England,  S.W.,"  however,  the  lowest  reading  was 
45°,  in  "England,  S.,"  46°,  and  in  the  "Channel 
Islands,"  49°. 

The  rtziK/a// has  been  more  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  being  very  large  in  all  except  the 
extreme  northern  and  north-eastern  parts  of  the 
kingdom.  During  the  night  of  the  loth  — nth  the  fall 
over  the  greater  part  of  England  was  between  i  inch 
and  2  inches,  while  in  some  localities  it  was  even 
greater;  thus,  at  CuUompton  2.17  inches  was 
measured,  at  Tiverton  2.24  inches,  at  Street  (Somer- 
set) 2,50  inches,  and  at  Taunton  3  05  inches. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  in  most  districts, 
the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration 
varyidg  from  24  to  39  in  most  places,  to  48  in  the 
*'  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  observed. — During  the  whole  of  this 
period  a  series  of  somewhat  extensive  and  deep  depres- 
sions has  skirted  our  western  and  north-western 
coasts,  causing  occasional  strong  winds  or  gales  in  all 
parts  of  the  kingdom.  In  addition  to  these  disturb- 
ances some  smaller  ones  have  occasionally  appeared 
more  directly  over  us,  thus  the  shallow  depression 
noticed  at  the  close  of  last  week  as  travelling 
eastwards  over  England,  moved  slowly  in  a 
north-easterly  and  north-north-easterly  direction 
over  the  North  Sea,  while  during  the  night  of  the 
loth — nth  a  well  defined  and  deep  depression,  which 
had  formed  near  the  Scilly  Islands  during  the  pre- 
vious afternoon,  travelled  eastwards  up  the  English 
Channel,  bringing  moderate  to  strong  gales,  at  first 
from  the  southward,  and  afterwards  from  the  north- 
ward and  north-westward,  at  all  our  southern  stations, 
and  a  violent  northerly  gale  over  France. 


Gall  on  Willow  ;  J.  S.  The  irregular  swellings  on 
the  twigs  of  your  Willow  are  the  work  of  a  gall-Hy, 
Cecidomya  salicis. 

Names  of  Fruits  ;  J.  H.  A',  i,  Williams'  Bon  Chrii- 
tien  ;  2,  Flemish  Beauty  ;  3.  Passe  Colmar  ;  4,  6, 
Beurr(5  Kance  ;  5,  Catillac.  —  James  Beatlie.  Apples 
correctly  named.  No.  i  is  Beauty  of  Kent.  —  Waller 
Coleman.     Red  Astr.-ichan. 

Namls  of  Plants  :  J.  M.  Polygonum  sachalinense, 
from  the  island  of  Saclialin.— 7.  L.  i,  Rubus  arc- 
ticus  ;  2.  Panicum  variegatum.  Begonia  appears  like 
ricinifolicc,  but  was  so  much  damaged  by  being  put  in 
a  letter  only  that  we  cannot  give  the  name  with  cer- 
tainty. Send  flower  and  loliage.  —  G.  A'.  G.  Ihe 
smaller  one  is  Erigeron  canadensis  ;  the  larger  one  is 
Helminthia  echioides.— 7.  Beatlie.  Phillyrea  angus- 
tifolia.— //.  A'ini;.  Arbutus  Andrachne. — Redioood. 
Salvia  Pilcheri,— 7.  D.  Pearson,  r,  Ligustrum  luci- 
dum  ;  2,  Ceanoihus.— C.  W.  Dod.  Helianthus  tube- 
rosus.— £.  G.  leader.  Probably  Zephyranthes  Ander- 
soni,  but  the  material  is  too  poor  to  decide. — F.  W.  B. 
Not  Eryngiuni  dichotomum,  perhaps  E.  planum  ;  but 
you  sent  no  leaves. --C.  IV.  D.  Veronica  sahcifolia. — 
ran  I'olxem.  Aster  amellus.—C.  P.  Broad  leaf  Poly- 
gonum cuspidatum.  The  Fern-leaved  Lime. — //.  fK. 
So  far  as  we  can  tell  from  the  leaf  only,  this  is  Passi- 
flora  alata.  If  you  will  send  a  flower  we  will  tell  you 
more  precisely.  —  C.  D.  H.  Epidendrura  prismato- 
carpum.  — //.  7-  P-  L  Abies  magnifioa,  or  nobiUs,  we 
cannot  tell  which  from  the  scrap  ;  2,  Pernettya  mucro- 
nata  ;  4.  Solidago  virga  aurea  ;  5,  Polygonum  cuspi- 
datum :  6,  Lupinus  arboreus,  perhaps  —  specimen 
wretched. 

Caterpillar  :  G.  W.  The  caterpillar  is  that  of  the 
Death's-he.ad  Moth  (Acherontia  atropos).  which  feeds 
on  the  Potato  and  other  pl.ints.  Your  specimen  is  a 
very  fin  one,  much  larger  than  that  here  represented, 
and  of  a  greenish-yellow  colour,  with  lilac  spots.     The 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Aberia  CAFtKA  ;  H.  We  are  delighted  to  see  the  fruit 
you  send,  on  which  we  shall  report  more  fully  on 
another  occasion.  It  belongs  to  the  order  Bi.xacea;. 
and  is  a  native  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  You  will 
find  it  mentioned  in  the  supplement  to  the  second 
edition  of  the  Treasury  of  Botany. 

Books  :  7-  ^-  ^^-  The  publishers'  names  are  given  at 
p.  306.  We  do  not  know  the  price  ;  such  matters 
should  be  advertised. 

BKocKwoRni  Park  Peak  and  Covent  Garden 
^  Sieve  :  R.  M.  Lingwood.  This  name  is  a  synonym 
of  Bonne  d'Ezt^e  and  Bonne  d'Haies.  It  was  found  as 
a  wilding  at  Ezii-e,  in  the  Tourame,  in  1788.  The 
Covent  Garden  \  sieve  contains  3^  imperial  gallons. 

Double-flowered  Dahlia  :  Reader.  Such  doubling 
of  the  flower-heads  in  Dahlias  is  not  uncommon. 

Erucastrum  inodorum  :  J.  C.  We  are  much  obliged 
for  the  specimens. 

FiJNGUs  on  Beech  :  Y.  L.  G.  The  white  appearance 
is  not  due  to  a  fungus,  but  to  an  insect  allied  to  the 
"American  blight  insect,"  which  attacks  the  Apple. 
Your  trees  are  so  very  badly  affected  that  we  fear  you 
can  do  nothing  effectual.  Any  washing  or  syringing 
with  petroleum  emulsions  would  have  to  be  done  on  so 
gigantic  a  scale  as  to  be  practically  out  of  the  question. 

Fungus  on  Cattleya  Roots  :  W.  Low.  Pezizi 
coccinea,  Cooke,  figured  in  Mycographia,  so-called 
because  first  lound  on  cocoa-nut  fibre,  grows  on 
dead  vegetable  substances,  especially  dead  ends  of 
roots.  There  is  no  suspicion  of  its  causing  injury  to 
plants,  as  it  occurs  only  on  tissues  already  dead. 
M.  C.  Cooke. 

]apan  Crab  from  Tokio  :  G.  Rye.  As  an  orna- 
mental tree  in  flower  or  fruit  it  is  worth  keeping.  In 
the  ripe  state  it  might  be  useful  for  culinary  purposes. 


Louis  Van  Houtte,  Ghent— .^merican  Plants,  Ghent 
Azaleas,  lapan  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

W.  Tait  &  Co.,  119  and  120,  Capel  Street,  Dubhn— 
Dutch  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

W.  Gordon,  Lily  Nurseries,  Twickenham,  and  at  Fleet, 
Hants— Orchids  and  Lilies. 

J.  R.  Thvnne,  83,  St.  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow— Flower 
Roots. 

JAMES  Yeats.  Underbank,  and  Royal  Mills,  Stockport 
—List  of  Bulbs  and  Flowering  Roots. 

H.  Bennett,  Pedigree  Rose  Nursery,  Shepperton— List 
ot  Pedigree  Roses. 

Gibson  &  Reid,  14,  Lower  Ormond  Quay,  Dublin- 
Bulbs  and  Flower  Roots. 

Richard  Gilbert,  Stamford— General  Catalogue. 


caterpillar  feeds  also  on  the  fasmine,  Snowberry,  and 
Solanum  Dulcamara,  making  its  appearance  principally 
at  night  ;  hence  it  is  more  common  than  many  people 
imagine.  The  moth  is  very  handsome,  and  on  the 
back  of  its  thorax  is  a  mark  in  which  superstitious 
people  see  a  likeness  to  a  skull,  and  are  alarmed 
accordingly.  (See  fig.  8+. )  Both  caterpillar  and 
moth  produce  a  curious  grating  sound.  It  is  needless 
to  say  the  insect  is  harmless  in  all  stages,  and  its 
destruction  of  Potato-haulm  at  this  season  is  of  no 
great  moment. 

Pelargonium  :  H.  Tickell.  These  plants  are  much 
given  to  sporting,  hence  the  numerous  varieties.  If 
you  wish  to  increase  it,  do  so  rather  by  cuttings  than 
by  seed. 

PoMi'ON  Dahlia  :  T.  .f.  A.  sends  us  three  flower-heads 
grown  together  by  accident. 

Sulphide  OF  Potassium  for  Use  Against  Mil- 
dew, Red-spider,  &c.  :  F.  \V.  Coates.  Strength. 
\  oz. — I  oz.  to  the  gallon  of  water.  (See  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  vol.  xxiii.,  pp.  276,  352,  and  378.) 

"The  Botanical  Magazine:"  \V.  F.  This  period- 
ical is  published  monthly  by  Messrs.  Reeve  &  Co.  It 
contains  descriptions  of  new  plants  by  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker,  with  coloured  plates.  It  is  not  a  new  publi- 
cation !  having  been  in  existence  since  r793.  It  is 
invaluable  for  botanical  purposes,  but  its  high  price 
puts  it  out  of  the  reach  of  most  gardeners. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Sutton  &  SoNS.-Reading-Bulb  Catalogue. 
Webb  &  Sons,  Stourbridge— Seed  Corn. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley— Bulbs,  &c. 
Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough— Lists  of 

Bulbs,  and  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Coniferae,  Hardy 

Trees  and  Shrubs.  &c. 
Joseph  Schwartz,  Route  de  Vienne,  7,  Lyon,  France 

— Roses,  &c. 
Ed.  Pynaert  Van    Geert,    Brussels    and    Ghent  — 

General  Catalogue  and  Price  Current. 


Co 


Recf.ived:-J.  B.-J.  F.-l 
J.  H.  K.-J.  S.-G.  S.  J.-A.  D.— W.  S.-W.  : 
W,  G.  S.— Sutton  &  Sons.— H.  H.— Miss  1 
Dunn  (with  thanks)  — F.  M.  SutclifTe,  Wynstoncb 
F.  W.  B.— T.  H.— G.  B.— H.  M.,  Conslantinopf 
A.  Hollott..y. 


-J.  H.  -■ 
-E.  G.— 
Malcolm 
-H.  E.— 
-W.  L.— 


^nquirits. 

"  He  that  (jucstionetk  much  shall  learn  wkM. "—Bacon. 

Leucadendron  argenteum  (the  Silver-tree 
of  the  Cape). — Having  succeeded  in  raising  one  plant 
from  seed  received  from  the  Cape,  I  am  anxious,  as 
winter  approaches,  to  know  whether  a  conservatory  will 
afford  it  sufficient  warmth  and  protection  during  the 
winter  [yes]  ;  and  I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  of  your 
correspondents  who  will  report  their  failure  or  success. 
Di>s.  \ 

Planera  Richardi.— Can  you  tell  me  anything  re- 
specting the  quality  and  uses  of  the  limber  of  Planera 
Richardi  ?  A  tree  nearly  2  feet  in  diameter  was  blown  down 
here  three  years  ago  ;  the  wood  seems  to  have  considerable 
strength  and  toughness,  and  some  variety  of  colour  and 
figure.  Do  you  know  what  is  its  character  for  dura- 
bility?  C.  W.  Strickland.  [Loudon,  quoting  Michaux, 
says  that  the  wood  is  very  heavy,  and  when  dry  becomes 
so  extremely  hard  that  it  is  difficult  to  drive  nails  into  it 
with  a  hammer.  In  its  native  country,  between  the 
Black  and  Caspian  Seas,  it  is  used  for  the  same  purposes 
as  O.ik,  to  which  it  is  found  superior  for  furniture  pur- 
poses. In  colour  it  is  pleasing,  it  is  finely  veined,  and 
its  texture  is  so  compact,  and  its  gram  so  fine,  as  to 
render  it  susceptible  of  the  highest  polish.  It  has  also 
the  great  advantage  of  never  being  worm-eaten,  however 
old  It  may  be.  It  is  remarkably  durable  as  posts  to 
stand  either  in  water  or  in  the  earth.  A  fine  tree  of  this 
species  was  cut  down  at  Kew  a  few  years  ago.  ] 


DIED.— On  September  13,  at  Myrtle  Cottage.  Saris- 
bury,  Southampton,  Mr.  G.  Knight,  many  years  super- 
iniendent  of  the  Chelsea  Hospital  Gardens ;  aged  seventy- 


COVENT    GARDEN',    September    17. 
Prices  remain  much  the  same,  with  business  very 
quiet.     Nuts  selling  freely  at  same  quotations.    James 
Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fru 


-Ave 


Apples,  per  J^-sieve  i 
Damson^i.  J4 -sieve  . .  3 
Figs,  per  dozen  ..  o 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..  o 
Kenl  Cobs,  100  lb. .  25 
Kent  Filberts,  100  lb.25 
Lemons,  per  case    ..15 


:  Wholesale  Pr 
Melons,  c 


0-28  o 


Melons,  eacn  ..  ( 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . .   ; 
Pine-apples,  Eng.  .lb.  : 

—  St.  Michael,  each  : 
Pears,  per  dozen      ..  < 

—  per  i^-sievc       ., 


Vegetables.— AvERAGK  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,      Globe, 

per  dozen  . .  '.  . .  5  ' 
Aubergines,  each  ..  o 
Beans,  Kng.,  per  lb.  o 
Beet,  per  dozen  . .  i  < 
Brussel  Sprouts,  lb.  o  1 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  1  1 
Carrots,  per  bunch. .  o  1 
Cauliflowers,  Eng- 
lish, per  dozen  . .  -2  • 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  i 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o  i 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  2  « 
Garlic,  per  lb.  ..01 

Herbs,  per  bunch 


Ho: 


Radish,   bun. 
PoTATOS.— Magnun 


Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch..  < 
Mushrooms,  basket  1 
Onions,  per  bushel..  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  1 
Parsley,  per  bunch..  < 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  dozen  : 
Small   saladin^,    per 

punnet       . .  ..  1 

Spinach,  per  bushel  , 
Tooiatos,  per  lb.  ..  t 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  > 
Vegei.    Marrs.,  each  1 


.  ;  Regents,  70s.  lu 


Plants  in  Pots.— Ave 


s.  d.  s.d.  '  s.  d.  s.  d. 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-i3  o  ;  Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 

Arbor-vitae   (golden).  Foliage  Phnw,  van- 

per  dozen  . .         •  •   6  0-18  o  ,  _  ous,  r 


per  dozen  . . 
—  (common),    dozen 

Cyp« 


Fuchsias,  per  do: 


Begonias,    per  uu-itu  ^  «-<-  ■^      ^...« ,    r  — 

Bouvardia,  dozen   ..    9  Q-18  o        dozen  . .  --'S 

Cvperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o      —  longifolmm.  doz.  9 
Dracxna  lerminalis,  \  Marguerite       Daisy, 

perdozen..  .  .30  a-60  o  ;  per  dozen  . .  ..8 
—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o  \  Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6 
F.nr.nvmus.    in  var..  '  Palms      ill     variety, 


Euonym 

Evergreens, 

per  dozen 

Ficus  elastic 


Myrtles,  per  dozen. 

PaltT 
5  0-18  o        each 

'  Pelargoniums,    s 
>  0-24  o         let,  per  dozen 


38o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  19,  1885. 


Cut  Flower 

.— AVERA 

s.  d,  s.  d. 

CE  Wholesale  Pric 

20-40 

Lillum    longiflorum, 

Asters,  i=  bunches.. 

"-0-60 

12  blooms.. 

Bouvardias,  per  bun. 

Marguerites,  12  bun. 

Carnations,    per     12 

Mignonette,  12  bun. 

bunches     .. 

20-40 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  12  blooms 

10-20 

trussos 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses 

Gardenias,  12  blooms 

Rhodanthc,  12    bun. 

Lapageria,  white,  13 

Roses   (mdoor),  doz. 

blooms 

20-30 

Stcphanotis.  12  spr. . 
Tropaolum.  12  bun. 

—  red.  12  blooms  .. 

10-20 

Lavender,  12  bunch. 

40-60 

Tuberoses,  12  blms.. 

SEEDS. 

London  :  Sept.  16. — The  seed  market  to-day  was 
thinly  attended,  and  but  little  business  was  transacted. 
There  is  rather  less  inquiry  for  autumn-sowing  seeds. 
Winter  Tares  are  unchanged.  Rye  keeps  firm.  Very 
low  rates  still  prevail  for  Rape  seed.  Considerable 
quantities  of  new  English  white  Mustard  have  just  been 
marketed.  New  French  red  Clover  seed  is  obtainable 
between  405.  and  50J.  per  hundredweight.  Canary  and 
Hemp  seed  move  off  slowly  on  former  terms.  New 
French  white  Millet  for  birds  is  now  arriving.  Haricot 
Beans  and  blue  boiling  Peas  are  firmly  held.  John 
Shaw  b*  Sons,  Seed  Aferchants,  37,  Mark  Lane, 
London,  E.C. 

CORN. 

At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  there  was  very  little  English 
Wheat,  and  no  change  was  made  in  quotations,  the 
demand  being  very  limited.  For  Australian,  Indian,  and 
some  descriptions  of  Russian,  about  2^.  to  6d.  advance 
was  in  some  cases  obtained,  at  which  prices  the  parcels 
could  not  be  replaced,  owing  to  the  larger  advance  re- 
quired in  forward  positions.  It  remains  to  be  seen  what 
will  be  the  course  of  prices  now  that  they  are  virtually  as 
low  as  in  November  of  last  year,  whilst  in  the  place  of 
available  supplies  from  heavy  crops  there  is  a  consider- 
able shrinkage  to  look  forward  to.  Flour  was  firm. 
Grinding  Barley  showed  fully  -^d.,  in  some  instances  6</., 
advance  No  change  occurred  in  the  value  of  Beans  or 
Peas.  Maize  tended  to  harden  in  value  from  scarcity. 
For  Oats  the  trade  was  quiet,  but  very  moderate  arrivals 
gave  some  support  to  prices. — On  Wednesday  very  little 
was  done  to  test  quotations  of  Wheat,  which  w  ere  nominal. 
The  fiour  trade  was  quiet  without  quotable  alterati6n. 
Maize  was  firmer.  Beans  and  Peas  moved  off  slowly,  at 
late  values.  The  trade  for  Oats  remained  quiet,  without 
change  in  prices.  Average  prices  of  com  for  the  week 
ending  Sept.  12  : — Wheat,  31J.  irf.  ;  Barley,  31J.  iid.  ; 
Oats,  igr.  \d.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — 
Wheat,  34i.  ;  Barley,  32J.  jd.  ;  Oats,  191.  gd. 


CATTLE. 

At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  firmer  prices  in  the 
dead  meat  trade,  and  the  comparatively  very  moderate 
proportion  o(  good  or  prime  qualities  of  cattle  in  the 
supplies  assisted  the  trade  for  these  descriptions,  and 
io.r.  to  2DJ.  per  head  more  was  in  some  cases  obtained, 
but  there  was  no  improvement  in  the  market  for  the 
plainer  kinds.  Sheep  sold  rather  more  readily,  without 
change  in  value.  The  calf  trade  was  very  dull.  Quota- 
tions : — Beasts,  y.  lod.  to  4J.  Zd.,  and  4J.  ?,d.  to  $s.  ^d.\ 
calves,  3J.  io ^s.Zd.\  sheep,  \!i.  to 4;.  6d.,  and  4J.  lod.  to 
55.  6d.  ;  pigs,  3J.  \od.  to  4^.  6d. — Thursday's  trade  was 
very  quiet.  Beasts  sold  slowly,  at  drooping  prices. 
Sheep  were  very  quiet  at  about  Monday's  rates,  calves 
were  altogether  neglected,  and  pigs  firmer. 


HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that 
supplies  were  fair,  with  a  fair  trade.  Quotations  : — 
Clover,  prime,  8oj.  to  iioj.  ;  prime  second  cut,  85J.  to 
107J.  ;  inferior,  6ar.  to  75J.  ;  new  Clover,  8oj.  to  94J. ; 
hay,  prime,  65J.  to  975.  ;i  nferior,  36J.  to  6oj.  ;  and 
straw,  2%s.  to  39J.  per  load.— On  Thursday  there  was  a 
moderate  supply  on  sale,  and  the  trade  was  dull  at  Tues- 
day's rates.  Cumberland  Market  quotations  : — Clover, 
best,  90J.  to  loos.  ;  inferior,  6oj.  to  8oj. ;  hay,  best, 
80J.  to  92J.  ;  inferior,  50J.  to  70J.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to 
36J.  per  load. 

POTATOS. 

The  Borough  Market  report  states  that  good  samples 
meet  a  fair  demand  at  steady  rates  ;  inferior  isorts 
neglected  Quotations;  —  Regents,  8oj.  to  90J.;  Mag- 
num  Bonums,  8oj.  to  90^.;  Early  Roses,  701.  to  8oj.  ; 
Shaws,  70J.  to  80J.  ;  kidneys,  looj.  to  iioj.  ;  and 
Hebrons,  icos.  to  i2o,f.  per  ton. — The  imports  into 
London  last  week  consisted  of  10,556  bags  from  Ham- 
burg,  707  Boulogne,  and  50  bags  from  Rotterdam. 


COALS. 


The  following  are  the  prices  current  during  the  week  : — 
Bebside  West  Hartley,  14J.  gt/.  ;  East  Wylam,  15^.  6d.  ; 
Ravensworth  West  Hartley.  14J.  <^d.  ;  Walls  End — 
Tyne  (unscreened),  \\s.  ^d.  ;  Hetton,  lys,  ;  Hetton 
Lyons,  15/.  ;  Lambton,  17s.  ;  Wear,  i$s.  ;  East  Hartle- 
pool, i6j.  ;  South  Hartlepool,  151.  ;  Tees,  lys.  ;  Dow- 
lais  Merthyr,  i6s.  3*/. 


GoTemment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  100  to  looJ  for  delivery,  and  lOoA  to  100^  for  the 
account.  Tuesday's  figures  were  looJ  to  looJ  for  both 
transactions.  Wednesday's  final  quotations  were  100  to 
loo^  for  delivery,  and  100^  to  looy^  for  the  account. 
Thursday's  closing  figures  were  jop  to  looi  for  .both 
transactioiiSr 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Uneqiialledfor  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1  0  each. 

>>  I,       2  b    „ 

I)  I)       <5  "    „ 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  Bag. 

*    „    20  0       „ 

„         1    ,,    37  6       „ 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  ajid  Manufac/urers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES. 

15,000  or  THS  NoBiLiTV,  Gentrv,  and  Clekgv. 

Is  extensively  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-fret. 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

LOt^CDN,  EC,  : 

31  and  12,  BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN. 

Discount  for  Cash. 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 
^  BUILDINGS 


1  m  any  part  of  the 
KiQcdom  with  Hot  water 
Apparatus  complcl 


Numerous  Medals 


NORTH  OF  ENGLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS, 

DARLINQTON. 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
RANGE  OF  HOUSES. 


No.  9.  —  A  very  useful  range  of  three  quarter-span  houses, 
divided  into  three  parts,  the  centre  part  projecting  2  ft.  more 
than  the  ends.  Ii  can  be  varied  in  form  to  almost  any  extent. 
Designs  and  estimates  for  ranges  of  Houses,  includine  Con- 
servatory, Peach-houses,  Vineries,  i^c,  piepared  and  furnished 
free. 

ESTIM  ATES.-The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING  COM- 
PLETE.  by  our  own  men,  within  15  miles  of  London  Bndge. 
including  building  dwarf  wail,  a  ft.  high,  in  0  in.  brickwork,  at 
front  and  ends,  two  divisions  on  4^-in.  brickwork,  and  creciiog, 
painting,  and  glazing  in  the  best  style. 

HEATING  APPARATUS  —No  reliable  price  can  be  given 
for  this  off-hand,  as  the  heat  required  in  ihe  different  divisions 
varies  so  much,  but  estimates  will  be  forwarded  when  informa- 
tion is  obtained  as  to  ilie  purpose  for  which  the  \ 


are  to  be  used. 

Length.          Width. 

Width  of 

Price. 

«4  ft.     . .      8  ft. 

.     10  ft.      ., 

X<3  .0 

30  ft.     . ,     10  It. 

.      12  fL       ., 

ESTIMATES 

36  ft.     ..     12  ft, 

.,      14  ft.       .. 

67  10 

FOR 

48  ft.     ,.     12  ft. 

..      I.f..       .. 

83  10 

HEATING 

60  ft.     ..     12  ft. 

..      14  ft.      .. 

APPARATUS 

135    o  APPLICATION. 


72  (t.      ..      12  ft.      ..      14  ft. 

84  ft.    ..    12  ft.    ..    14  ft. 
96  ft.     ..     12  ft.     ..     14  ft.     ..      151    O 
PROPORTIONATE  PRICES  FOR  OTHER  SIZES,  AND 
ERECTED  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY, 

SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY, 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon 
at  their  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  AND  ESTIMATES  for 
Conservatories,  Greenhouses  and  Horticultural  Buildings  of 
every  desaiption  PREPARED  AND  FURNISHED  FREE. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Greenhouses, 
&c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE  ON 
APPLICATION, 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers, 

^'st'^eef, '^c.""  1  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  stattoa 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted ; — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     i.2  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         „  4150 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wiae,         ,,  .,         •>  3  ts     'i 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide.         ,.  ,.         .,  6  10     o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Eneineer 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 
MANCHESTER. ^ 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDER 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C, 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    and   CO.    will   give   e 
every   description   of   HORTICULTURAL   WOKK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  BunhiU  Row,  and  35,  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.C, 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages 
sen:  post-free  on  application. 


September  19,  1885.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


381 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &0. 


JAMES     BOYD    &    SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  and 
HEATING   ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 
LONDON  OFFICE  :    48,  Pall  MaHS.W. 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

SEPTEMBER  PRICE  LIST. 


s^ 


HOT- 


WATER    APPABATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES    SCHOOLS    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS    MANSIONS 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 


FOSTER  &  PEARSON,  BEESTON,  NOTTS, 


WJ"  j> 


"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE   NETTING. 

THREE     OOLD    MEDALS. 

^rROUGHT-IRON  HURDLES. 

gAR  and  WIRE  FENCING  and  G.^TES. 
2^]SPALIER  and  WALL  WIRING. 

GALVANIZED      IRON      ROOFING 
SHRRTS 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  appUca  Ion.        ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  is.  each. 


T3LACK  VARNISH,  for  Coating  Ironwork, 

-'-'  l-T  %-i.  a  ealloQ,  carriage  paid. 

STEEL 

IFENCING 


J.   B.  BROWN  &  CO., 

Offices :     90,     CANNON     STREET,     E.G. 

SILVER  SAND,  excellent  coarse,  ys. 
per  Ion.  PEAT,  excellent  quality.  6s.,  is.  and  los.  per  cubic 
yard.  LOAM,  excellent  quality,  8j.  per  cubic  yard.  By 
truckloads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  moderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HUNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chroniae. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  lOs.  ;  and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five    delivered.    Carriage    Free,    in   London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON.    W.C. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     iv.c. 


Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"     for . 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0.  ^_____^ 


Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^^ 

THE     UNITED     KINGDOM  :—  12  Months,  ^i   3^.  \od.  ;    6  Months,   \\s.  \\d.  ;    3  Months,  6j.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) ;— Including  Postage,  ^i  (,s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  8j.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


382 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.  lseptember  19, 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 

Head  LtfU  charged  az  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

5  „  ...  o 

6  „  ...  o 

7  „  ...  o 

8  „  ...  o 

9  „  ...  o 

10  „  ...  o 

11  „  ...  o 

12  „  ...  o 

13  „  ...  o 

14  „  ...  o 


15  Lines. ..£0     8 

16  „     ...    o    9 

17  „  ...  o  9 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

Paee  •^S    °    " 

Half  Page 50° 

Column        350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE   ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST    BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advtrtisirs  arc  cauHoned 
aeaimt  having  Ltttcn  a,Urcssld  io  Imtiats  at  Post-officis,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  arc  opened  by  the  autlwnties  ami 
returned  to  the  sender. 

■  Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  s^.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  tor  the  current  week  must  reoih  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


4-inch  EXPANSION- JOINT  HOT-WATER 

Lars,  stock  k.pt.    COIL,   FINSBURY, 
and  ECONOMIC  boiler:?,  &c. 

Illuslratrated    LISTS  and  i-.tce!,   a'so 
Estimates  to  Plan  free 
HENRY  ROBINSON,  Stewkins  Pipe  Works.  Stourbridge^ 
August    24.    iSSv— Burtoii-on-lrent  cu 
id  fittings  I  got  from  you  three  or 


C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO,, 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


boil 


i  ago  ha 


,M" 


""^Another  says  :-"  Kindly  send  me  an  estimate  lor  small  Heat- 
ine  Apparauis  of  same  kind  as  ihe  three  already  supplied  to  ine. 
LiUleover.  Derby.  August  25.  1885         

WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "  Endless-Flame-lmpact " 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

McJ„l\it  Philadelphia  U.S.  Mcrnatiomil  E.xh.hlu  >i . 
;\Iedal  at  Christiania  Exhibition.  Noriuay. 
Medal  at  Alexandra  Palace  Intc,-nnt,onal   lomlo" 
Hilbcit  Award  at  Carlisle  International E.xluMi 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

...      J    t       .1.^    «nfi,p    Trade     after    public   and 
Admitted    by    the    entue     1  raae.    a  1=      k 
challenees,  to  be  the  MOST   ECOtiOMlCAi,   oh    '^'"-• 
POWERFUL,  the  SIMPLEST,  and  the  cheaiesi  nuv  w.,. 
in  ihe  Maiket.  p  -      t  ■  .    „„ 

Prices  Ereaily  reduced.      Our  new  nett  Ftice  List,  gn 
defaTs    w'lll  beLnded  to  all  on  application.     Over  500  , 

WRIGHrSBOlLERJXJ^Jioilt^^ 

Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATUS 


•njor 
formal 


N.B 


Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  existence. 

Requires  no  sunk   stokehcle;  ^j»_^'=^^j; 

o'ndersT'co's'ts  n^o'tWngTor  fuel  ;    is  a  tenant 


fix   it  ; 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 


jNi.KD    KiNGnoM  :    12   Months,   iil   3S,  lOd.  ; 
6  Months,  118.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6s. 


Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China):    including    Postage, 

£1-6S    for  12  Months:    India  and  China.  £1  88.  2a. 

Post-office'  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE. 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


stoke  i 


Pi'BLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


PRICE    OF  BO r LP r   TO    HEAT  - 
55  feet  4-inch  Pipe        £'  10s 
110  feet  4-lnch  Pipe       £3  las 
200  feet  4-lnch  Pipe       £5  Is  6d 
Complete  Apparatus    with  2  rows  of 
4-lnch  Pipe,  from  £4  123   6d 

The  most  complete  af  pa  alu    manuf  "u  el 
Numbers  in   use  all   ov       thee  unly       !■    II 
,ol  eve  y     zedAppara 


BOULTONaMLL.  NORWICH. 

SMALL,     HANDY,    LEAN-TO    FRAMES. 


TWO-Lir.lir  FRAMES,  t.  I 
coats,  and  e'azfd  with  21 
paid,  price  £2  2S. 

If    wilh    hinges,    set. opes   and    pre 
£2  106.  6d.     Packing  38.,  allowed 


THREE-LIGHT    FRAME,     largest 
4  feet,   price    £3. 

If   with  hinges,    .etop?s,   and  prop    a 
£3  108.       Packing  4s.,  allowed  m  full  it 


made,   9  feet  by 


No   74.-Tliree  quarter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 


REDUCED  CASH  PKILtS,  Carriage  Paid. 
Si2e  Length.        Width.  Price.  Packing  Case. 

No.  i       ..       8feet     ..     Sfeet     ..    Z4'a     6     ..     55- 
No    1       ..     12  feet     ..     6feet     ..       0     5     o     ..     OS. 
No   4       ..     i6feet     ..     6feet     ..800     ...    75- 
Height  in  front  11  inches,  back  22  inches   centre  32  inches. 

Lights  made  to  turn  over.     Set.opes  for  ventilating^ 
Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Staiton  in  England  and  Wales  , 
also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin  and  Belfast. 

Pries  Lists  tost  free.     Illustrated  Catalo.^es  12  stamps. 


THREE-QUARTER  SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSES 
made  in  lights,  glazed  with  2.-0Z  glass,  and  painted  three 
coats  of  good  oil  colour.  Tenants'  Fixtures.  1  5  feet  by  lofcel. 
£25  181.  ;  for  Brickwork,  1^2.  ■       t-      1     j         J 

Carriage  paid  10  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and 
Wales  ■  also  to  Edinbuigh,  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  of  Greenhouses  and  Frames,  post- 
free,  two  stamps. 

GOLD   MEDAL    AWARDED 

from  the  International  Exhibition.  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

f,.r  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 

True  Lists  free. 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer-, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,     E.\STVILLE,    BRISTOL. 


HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Eari  ev.     Price  is.  stitched, 

HOW     TO      GROW      ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London:     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Bouverie 
Street,'  E.C. 


ANTED,   a  HEAD   WORKING   GAR- 
DENER, married,  where  live  are  kept.-Mu«  be  a 
good  Grape  Grower,  and  understand    Ferns,  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  as  well  as  Kitchen  Gardening,  &c.— Apply,  with 
full  particulars,  and  stating  wages  required,  to  H.  HARRIS, 


1  Manor.  Mlchelde 


.  Ha 


The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  anti  Keduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


WANTED,  an  e.xperienced  GARDENER, 
and  Wile  as  good  PLAIN  COOK,  for  a  Lady's  small 
family  at  Walton-on-Thames.  -Write,  stating  ages,  wages, 
capabilities.  &c.,  10  L.  B  ,  6c-,  ThornhiU  Road,  Barn»biiry,  N. 

ANTED,  a-WORKING   GARDE'nER. 

Must  understand  Cut  Flowers  and  Fruit  for  Market, 
Cows  and   Pigs.      A  married    man  with    wife    as    Plain    Cook 

Kielerred,  both  to  live  in  hou^e  ;  wages  moderate,  help  given  in 
ouse  and  garden.  Answer  by  letter.  Miss  B.  EYTON, 
6,  Fontis  Terrace    Onslow  Gardens,  London,  S.W. 

WANTED,  a  single  young  man, as  thoroughly 
trained  GARDENER.  Willing  to  drive  and  lot  k 
afi.r  en- horse.  Board  ard  ld»ing  in  the  house.  Wages  X^o. 
—  Mis.  Y,,  Wtstfitld,  LulU  thelford,  CimbridEC 

Groom  and  Gardener. 

WANTED, a  middle-aged  MAN  to  look  afler 
a  Garden  and  Horse,  and  m.ake  him.elf  generally 
useful.  Live  on  the  premises,  meals  in  the  house,  and  all 
found.— Apply  by  letter  to  t^apt.  B.,  Wynasty  Lodge,  Tavistock 
Road,  Croydon. 

ANTED,  a  SECOND  GARDENER. 

One  who  has  had  good  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening,  and  has  knowledge  as  to  the  care  of  Poultry  shou'd 
it  be  required.— Apply  by  letter,  A.  Z.,  Quarry  Hill  House, 
Tollbridge,  Kent, 

Rose  Grower  and  Propagator, 

WANTED,  an  expert  GRAFTER  under 
Glass,  wilh  a  good  knowledge  of  Budding  and  of 
Forcing  Blooms  for  Market,  and  be  able  to  execute  Orders 
exoediliously.  Good  references  expected.— State  full  particu- 
lars, ase,  and  wages  required,  to  H.  B£NNl<,Tr,  Pedigree 
Rose  Nursery,  Shepperton.  Middlesex. 

ANTED,     a    good    PLANTSMAN    and 

PROPAGATOR  lor  the  Glass  Department.  Single 
I  of  chaiacter  and  ability.  Wages  25s.  per  week  to  brgin 
L— Messis,  SHAW  At  D  CO.,  Stamfotd  Nursery,  Bowden, 


HOT-WATER     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE     LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


w 


[<feLftSSH<>USES8<«EATWcV 


B.W-WAR«llRST^ 


LSlA,  BEAOTOBT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W, 
><^»^^a-^^.<^i^^^^i^i»«in—  r     ft  jO 

GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  \hi.  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &a 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6</. 
per  lb.,  or  42s.  per  cwt.-B.  LAMB  and  CO..  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Di 
dtymen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W.C. 


HIGH   and  inw  PRESSURE  and  HOT-AIR  HEATING 
,\I'PARATUS  ERECTED  and  GUARANTEED. 

FBED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle.  Staffordshire. 


Russian  Mats- 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHANGEL  MATS  .at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
yens  for  present  orders  AUo  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAI  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 

4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Cheshu 

WANTED,  to  take  the  Supervision  of  a 
Nursery  and  the  entire  Charge  of  an  Established 
Jobbing  Trade,  a  MAN,  thoroughly  competent  to  give  EmI- 
matesand  Draw  Plans.  He  must  also  be  a  good  Furnisher 
and  expert  at  Wreaths,  Crosses,  Bouquets,  &c.  None  netd 
apply  whose  character  will  not  bear  the  strictest  it  qniry  as  to 
ability  and  trustwotthiness.  — X  V.  Z..  Gardeiurs'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  itrand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  for  a  moderate-sized  place,  near 
Bagshot,  a  MAN  and  his  WIFE,  wuhout  childieu. 
The  Man  to  understand  the  Management  of  a  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden,  Cows,  and  Pigs  ;  the  Wife  to  Manage  the 
Dairy  and  Poultry,  Unexceptional  reference,  fur  compe- 
tence, steadiness,  and  triistworihiness  are  required,  a*  the 
family  are  absent  a  great  portion  of  the  year.— .Mts.  MARTIN, 
CoUingwood  Lodge,  Bagshot,  Surrey. 

WANTED,  for  a  large  Provincial  Nursery, 
a  thoroughly  qualified  MANAGER,  who  can  lake  a 
ioumey  if  required. — Apply  by  letter,  enclosii.g  copies  of  testi- 
monials addressed,  NURSERY  MANAGER  Gardener.- 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand    W.C.         

WANTED,  a  MAN,  to  execute  Rose  orders, 
and  superintend  theu-  Packing  and  Despatch.— Apply 
stating  experience,  age,  wages  required,  &c.,  to  EWING  AND 
CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hampshire. 


September  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


383 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  tnade  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  andto  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  tnay  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  ^^  Paste  Restante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDE  n"e  R  S  I 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin. 
bureh,  has  at  present  on  his  Itst  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


SMITH 

that    they  are    ci 


KiCHARD     SMITH     and     CO. 
beg    to  announce 
appUcatioDs    from    Garde 
Iney   will    be    able    to   supply  any    Lady    or  Gentleman    with 
paiuculars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  ''Newton" 
Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  posiucn  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  buiiness.  — Full  particulars,  wiih 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application, 

O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

MclNTVRH  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and    Hanting  of  New  Girden  and  Park 
Qrounds,and  Remodelling  existiop  Gardens.      Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  Hark,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situauou  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N, 

C^ARDENER  (Head).— Wanted  by  an  ex- 
*  perienced  young  man  a  re-engagement  as  above.  Ex- 
cellent re'erences.—  GEO.  PARR,  f enagh  House,  Bagnals- 
town,  Ireland. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.  — Age  37,  married,  no  f.rmily  ;  twenty  years' 
experience  in  all  branches.  Five  years'  good  character  from 
last  plac— A.  S.,  5,  Hurst  Street,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head)— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  every  branch.  Excellent 
character.-G.  MORRIbS.  The  Gardens,  Cossington.  near 
Bridgewater,  Somerset. 

ARDENER    (He.ad).— Age    33,  married  ; 

thorough  knowledge  of  his  busines>  in  all  (fepartments  of 
an  exten.iveplace.  Threeyears'excellemcharacler.-SAVILLE 
PENTON,  Andover. 

GARDE  N  E  R  (Head).— Could  take  the 
Maiiagernent  and  Lay-out  a  Ntw  Estate.  A  la<i;e  for 
»nd  some  years'  experience  in  this  branch  of  Horticulture. 
Could  Plan  and  Estimate.  Good  kmwlelge  of  Trees  Shrubs, 
&c.— A.  B.,  73.  VValTord  Road.  Stoke  Newinglon,  N. 

(Tl  ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age"35^^arried.— 

VJ  A.  PetTIGRHW,  Gardener,  CardifT  Caslle,  wishes  to 
recommend  a  thoroughly  practical  man  in  all  branches  of  Gar- 
dening :  understands  the  Management  of  Land  and  Stock. — 
For  further  particulars  address  as  above. 

ARDENER    (Head).— Age   34,    married, 

two  children  (vounge^t  age  7)  ;  eighteen  years'  practical 
experience  in  Vines,  Melons,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants.  Fruit,  Flower,  and  Kitchen  Gardening  in 
all  its  branches.  Good  character.— W.  WILLIAMS  12  Lans- 
down  Terrace.  Malvern. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  no  encumb- 
rance ;  thoroughly  practical  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing 
of  Fruit.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  Orchid  Stove  a-d  Green- 
house Plants,  Ferns,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Thirteen  years  in  present  situation.  Satisfactory  reasons  'or 
leaving. -Address,  in  first  instance,  R.  LEIGH,  Land  StewaiJ 
to  LadyOg'ander,  Beaminstet.  Dorset- 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  33, 

married,  no  family  ;  twenty  years'  thorough  practical 
experience.  Three  years'  personal  character  from  present 
employer.— J.  McRAE.  Cherry  Tree  Cottage,  Southgale,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),— Age  37^ 
married,  three  children  ;  Scotch.  Experienced  in  all 
departments  of  Gardening.  Six  years  in  present  situation. 
Good  testimonials.  —  O.  L.,  Ardwell  Gardens  Stranraer 
WigtODshire. 

TTaRD  E  N  ER"(  H  EAD^WOR^K  iNG)^^ge"36, 

VJ  married,  two  children  (younge-t  aged  ten  years)  Four- 
>een  years  good  practical  experience  as  Head.  Satisfactory 
reasons  for  leaving.  Good  references.-GARDENER,  Wood- 
lands, Nightingale  Lane,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  28  ; 

married  when  suited  :  understands  Gardening  in  all 
branches.  Three  years  in  present  siluation,  and  can  be  highly 
recommended.  -  VV.  T.,  The  Gardens,  Wokefield  Park, 
Mortimer,  Reading. 

(^ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 

*^  or  more  are  kept.— Age  34.  single  ;  sixteen  years'  practical 
•  xperience  in  all  branches,  in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's 
Gardens.-J.  HAINSWORTH,  Aberford,  Leeds. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  40, 
married,  one  in  family  fa  boy,  age  12);  twenty  years' 
thorough  experience  in  Gardening  in  all  branches.  Also, 
Meadow  Land  and  Stock  Twelve  years'  good  character. — J.  S.,' 
Osmond,  High  Street,  Esher.  Surrey. 


/  ^ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  age  40.— 

\J  Mr.  ClakK.  Gardener  to  Lord  Camoys,  Slonnr  Park. 
Henley-on-Thames,  can  with  contidetice  re::ommend  a  practical 
man,  who  has  had  twenty-MX  years'  experience  in  good  places, 
and  can  be  thoroughly  recommended  by  late  employer. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38; 
thoroughly  up  in  all  kinds  of  Forcing,  and  the  Cultivation 
of  Orchids.  Stove  Plants,  &c.,  aiso  Kuchen  and  Flower  Girden, 
and  fully  competent  to  lake  charge  of  any  Gentleman's  Garden. 
Ten  yearn'  character.  Abstainer. —H.  G- ,  35,  Noyna  Road, 
Tooting,  S-W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 

married  :  thoroughly  experienced  in  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants.  Fiuti  Growing  Indoors  and  Out  :  also  the 
Management  od' Pleasure  Grounds  .and  Kitchen  Garden. 
Eneigetic  and  trustworthy.  Fnsi-class  character. — W.,  2, 
Upper  Station  Road.  Church  End,  Fmchley. 

/::i  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE~ 

VT  MAN.— Age  25.  smgle  ;  well  up  in  all  Fruit.  Forcing, 
Stove  Pianis,  and  in  all  branches  of  Gardening  Indoors  and 
Out.  Good  charactTjr.  — F.  P.,  82,  Ringford  Road,  West  Hill. 
Wandsworth,  Surrey. 


ARDENER   (He.ad   Working),  or  good 

Single-handed)  — Married,  no  family  ;  good  refcr- 
s— T.  JINKS,  Mrs.  Boswell.  Mill  Street,  Evesham. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working,   or    good 

Single-handed).- Age  27,  single  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
1  in  all  branches.  First-cla^s  references.— WHIDUON, 
Ashford,   Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 


/^ARDENER  (Head),  or  FOREMAN  in  a 

»J  NURSERY. —  Age  45.  married;  twenty-four  years' 
practical  experience  in  Private  and  Trade  Establishments. 
Thoroughly  well  up  in  Growing  for  C'  vent  Garden.  Good 
testimonials  in  addition.  Can  be  highly  recommended  by  a 
Leading  London  Court  Florist.— HORTUS,  Rose  Mount, 
Meopham.  near  Gravesend,  Kent. 

GARDENER,  where  another  is  kept,  or 
good  Single  HANDED.— Understands  Vine=,  Peaches, 
Melons,  Kitchen  and  'Flower  Gardening.  Early  and  Late 
Forcing.  Eight  years'  good  character  from  last  employer. — 
E.  T.,  Hereford  Street,  Presteigne.  Radnorshire 


C^iARDENER  (Second,  or  Single-handed). 
J      —Age  J4  ;  two  years' good  character.— F.    FRENCH. 
School  Bank,  Bletchingley,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (SECOND,  or  otherwise).  — 
Used  to  In  and  Outdoor  Work,  Kitchen  and  Flower 
Gardening.  Good  recommendation.  —  E.  H.,  Hoaington, 
Shipston-on-Stour. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  23  ;     wilhng 
to  make  himself  useful.     Two  years' good  character.— 
E.  GRUNAVVAY,  Letcombe  Regis,  Wantage. 

G~   ARDENER    (Under),    or     on     Flexure 
Grounds. — Age    21  ;     three     years'    good     character. — 
J.  ROSER,  Saodridge,  Godstone,  Surrey. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment. 
— Age  39  ;  twelve  years'  experience.  Good  test.monials 
from  last  and  previous  employers  —  E.  NEWBUR'Y.  St. 
Andrew's  Street,  Hertford. 


'P'OREMAN      (General),     or      ORCHID 

-«-  GROWER, — Age  28;  ihoroughly  experienced  in  every 
branch  of  the  profession.  For  references.  &c.,  F.  HOCKEY, 
Crawley  Court.  Winchester,  Hants. 

OREMAN,  or    FIRST    JOURNEYMAN, 

in  the  Houses,  in  a  thorough  go^d  private  establishment, 
where  Plants,  Fruits,  and  Flowers  are  grown  for  exhibition. 
Highly  recommended.-W.  RICHARDS,  Verandah  Cottage, 
Malvern  Wells. 

1  ^OREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR  (Indoor). 
— Age  36  ;  twenty  years' experience  in  some  of  the  leading 
Nurseries,  of  Roses.  Clematis.  Rhododendron",  and  General 
Nursery  Stuff.— Address,  stating  terms,  to  H.  L  ,  25,  Chester. 


Str< 


,  Cirencestei 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR.— Long experi- 
ence  ;  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers, 
Plants.  Market  or  otherwise.  Good  references.  — T.  H.,  86, 
Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn  Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Growers. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  (Indoors),  or 
MANAGEMENT  of  Nursery  where  H.P.  and  Tea 
Roses,  Clematis,  Rhododendrons.  Bouvardias,  &c  ,  are  required 
in  (,M  intity  for  a  Wholesale  or  Retail  Trade.— Age  28.  married  ; 
good  at  Bouquets,  Wreaths.  &c.  Twelve  years*  experience  in 
leading  firms.  Excellent  characters. — Apply,  stating  wages,  to 
A.  B.,  Langton  Green,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR,  or  PROPAGATOR  and 
SALESMAN. — Age  26  ;  several  years' experience.  Five 
years  in  present  situation.  First-class  references. — W.  L.  G. , 
14.  Rutland  Road,  Calford,  S  E. 


To  Nurserymen. 

I?RUIT  GROWER,  or  GENERAL  PRO- 
-  PAGATOR,  or  SECOND  PROPAGATOR  in  Houses. 
—Age  23;  general  knowledge  of  Nursery  Work.  Energetic 
and  persevering.     Abstainer.  — 24.  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  gocd  establishment.— 

^f      Age  22.     Bothy  preferred.     Can  be  well  recommended. — 


JOURNEYMAN,   in    the    Houses.— Age  22  ; 
eighteen  months'  excellent  character  in  present  and  six  years 

in  ;     vious  situation.— W.  CASTLE,  Bourne  Park.  Canterbury. 

T  OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20  ; 

^-f  five  years'  experience.  Two  and  a  half  years  in  last 
situation.  Knowledge  of  Orchids.  Bothy  preferred.  — 
J.  WOODS,  The  Gardens.  Swanswell,  Coventry. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establi^hrnent.— Age  2t  :  seven  years' experience.  Good 
particulars  to  W.  P.,  4,  Purcell  Crescent, 
m,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  25  ;  has  been  accustomed  to  Inside  and  Outside  Work. 
Can  be  wdl  recommended.— ADAM  WILLS,  The  Gardens 
Greysloke.  Peniiih. 

TOUKNEYmAn,  in^the   Houses  ;  age  25.— 

"  Mr.  J.  Anderson,  The  Gardens,  Streatham  Grove,  Nor- 
wood, S  E.,  can  higniy  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 
Singularly  mdustriuus,  obliging,  and  persevering. 

IMPROVER.— A  Ladv  is  interested  in  a 
young  Gardener,  wno  has  worked  in  her  Garden  for 
ten  years.  She  wants  him  to  work  under  a  firstclass  Head 
.Gardener  to  Learn  his  Busioes 
character.  -  Answer  to  Mrs.  VI 
Booksellers,  Ipswich. 


A 


PPRENTICK.— Wanted    to   Apprentice    a 

youih  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  garoeii.     Premium 
given.-J.  MATTHEWS,  Spelhs,  Worcester. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  man  (age  23) 
se-ki  a  situitian  in  a  Nursery  under  Giass,  where  Plants 
are  Grown  extensively  for  Market.  Thoroughly  experienced. 
Could  Manage  a  small  charge,  and  produce  good  references. — 
A.  B.,  Nine  Elms.  Bellgrave,  Welling,  Kent. 

TO  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GEN1T.EMEN'S 
GARDEN  ERS.-The  Rose  Foreman  here  has  a  son 
(18  years  ol  a»e).  who  has  been  working  with  him  the  la,t  four 
years,  and  is  now  anxious  to  place  him  under  a  thorough 
practical  Gardener.  Does  not. object  to  pay  small  Premium  and 
has  excellent  references.  —  W.  A.  GaTER,  The  Royal 
Nurseries,  Slough. 

fyo  GARDENERS,  &c.— A  respectable  lad 

J-  (age  19)  requires  a  situation  in  a  Genieinan's  Garden, 
does  not  mind  in  what  capacity.  Willing  to  be  uncIuI.  Good 
character  from  last  place —W. -POTrtR,    Hazelwick,  Three 


Bridge 


CLERK,  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. — 
Many  years' experience  in  both  Branches.  Can  produce 
first-class  testimonials  from  previous  employers.  Good 
Book-keeper,  Correspondent,  and  Salesman.  Would  take  a 
journey  if  desired.— R.  E.,  dirdencri  Cknonicle  Office 
41,  Welilington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

"DOOK-KEEPER  and  CAsTTrE R.— Twelve 

-L>  years'  experience  :  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
Names  of  Seeds,  and  Plants,  first-class  references.  -  G  R., 
Gaidrneri  CUronicle  Office.  4r.  Wellington  Street,  btrand,  W.C. 

ANAGER,   TRAVELLER,    &c.,   m   Seed 

or  Nursery  Business.  —  Thirty  year>'  experience.— 
JAS.  R.  GARAWAY  (late  firm  of  Jas.  Garaway  &  Co.), 
Clifton.  Bristol. 

Seed  Trade. 

MANAGER,  or  SHOPMAN  -  (He.ad).— 
Twelve  year/  experience  ;  three  years  witn  last  em- 
ployer. Good  refercncts  —J.  C,  2,  Mtrton  itrett,  Grimbhury, 
Banbury. 

HOPMAN    (He.ad),     or    MANAGER. -A 

man  of  thorouah  business  experience,  acquired  during  a 
twenty-seven  years'  practice  in  first-class  London  and  Provincial 
Houses,  past  fifteen  years'  of  which  in  above  capacities,  is  open 
to  re-engagement.  An  efficient  Cotrespondeit.  and  well  versed 
in  Plants.  References  assuredly  satisfactory.  — H.  W.,  180, 
Lambeth  Road.  London,  S.E. 

QHOPMAN.— Age  26  ;   first-class  references. 

^^  Varied  experience.  Open  t'j  engagement.  —  A.  P.  G.. 
13.  Vicarage  Street,  Huntingdon  Street,  Nottingham. 

SHOPMAN,  in  or  near  London.— Adver- 
tiser has  five  and  a  half  years' experience  in  the  various 
departments  of  the  Seed  and  Nursery  Irade.  — C,  7.  Station 
Terrace,  North  End,  Croydon. 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.-^'ge's/T  eleven 
years'  experience  m  all  branches.  First-class  reference. 
— E.  K.,  G.trdtrurs  Chrmikle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street. 
Strand,  W.C. 


s 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;  six 
years'  experience.     Good  reference — J.  S. ,  Thos.  Imrie 
&  Sons,  Ayr,  N.B. 

Seed  Trade. 
HOPMAN,    or    ASSISTANT.  — Age    21  ; 

four  years'  experience.     Good  references. — M.  K.,  Dick- 
sons  &  Co.,  I.  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh. 

QHO  P  .MAN,     or     ASSISTANT.  —  Careful 

^3  expert  Counter-hand  ;  eleven  years'  experience.  Welt  up 
in  all  departments  of  the  Seed  Trrde,  Knowledge  of  Nursery 
Stock  — A.  M..  16,  Elmgrove  Place.  Glasgow. 

rpo    SEEDSMEN,    &c.— Wanted,  situation 

J-      in  Seed  and   Bulb  Trade.      Good  knowledge  of  Trade, 


Office  Work, 

Partnership    with    a     Chri 

Gardeners  Chnniclc  Ofllc 


!  in  large  London  House.  Ultimate 
tian  man.  if  preferred.  —  \  K., 
,  41,  Wellington  St  ,  Strand.  W.C. 


CARPENTER,  on  a  Gentleman's  Estate.— 
Understands  the  Erection  and  Repairs  of  Greenhouses, 
Cottages.  Farm  Buildings,  Painting  and  Glazing.  First-class 
testimonials.- C.  T.,  Ivy  Cottage,  Wraysbury,  Staines. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—Coughs.  Influenza.— The  soothing  properties  of  these 
medicaments  render  them  well  worthy  of  trial  in  all  diseases  of 
the  respiratory  organs.  In  common  colds  and  influenza  the 
Pills,  taken  internally,  and  the  Ointment  rubbed  over  the  chest 
and  throat,  are  exceedingly  efficacious.  When  influenza  is 
epidemic  this  treatment  is  the  easiest,  sa'est  and  surest. 
Holloway 's  Pills  purfy  the  blood,  remove  all  obstacles  to  its 
free  circulation  through  the  lungs,  relieve  the  over-gorged  air 
tubes,  and  render  respiration  free,  without  reducing  thestrenth, 
irritating  the  nerves,  or  depressing  the  spirits.  Such  are  the 
ready  means  of  escaping  from  suffering  when  afflicted  with  colds, 
coughs,  bronchitis,  and  other  chest  comptants,  by  which  the  health 
of  so  many  is  seriously  and  permanently  injured  in  r 


384 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[SEttEMBER   19,    18 


SAGGOLABIUM    HEATHII 


This  magnificent  Orchid  is  now  in  flower  for  the  first  time,  with  2  Spikes  18  inches  long,  184  flowers 
on  a  Spike.  Flowers  paper-white,  i  inch  in  diameter ;  Sepals,  \  inch  wide ;  Dorsal  Sepal,  |  inch  wide ; 
Petals,  \  inch  wide. 

1000    DENDROBIUM    FORMOS'0'm:    and    QIGANTEUM,    in  Flower  and  Bad. 

Oo    OxjONTOGLOSSUM    ROELII    and    ALBUM,    in  Flower  and  Bud. 
200    ODONTOGLOSSUM    GRANDE,    Varieties,    in  Flower  and  Bud. 

6"  A  M  P  L  E        BLOOMS        SENT. 


HEATH  &  SON,  ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERIES,   CHELTENHAM. 


BouLTON  &  Paul, 


Horticultural  Builders  and 
Hot-water  Engineers, 


Norwich. 


Our  Greenhouses  and  Heating  Apparatus  are  Erected  in  every  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


ConiphU  Ra)ioe\  of 
Vim  rws,  Pc  ack  House  c, 
Fojcin^  JIojisc;,  &(  , 
desii^ncd  and  crafid  in 
best  viati ;  lals  and  at 
loioest  pi  ices  Ladi  ^ 
and  Gtntlcnien  ivailtd 
tipon  by  appointment 

Gardtn  Frames  oj 
eveiy  variety  in  stock 


Every  kind  of  Garden 
Fi  a  me  advertised  is 
made  by  us  in  a  superior 
manner,  of  well  seasoned 

,    ood 

Eitimatis  for  any 
kind  and  size  sent  on 
if  plication 

Infoie  ordering  send 

r  special  pi'ice. 


No.  74 -NEW    tHREE-QUARTER    SPAN-ROOF    GARDEN    FRAME. 

Reduced  Cash  Pkices,    Carriage  Paid. 
Price. 
£4  12 


I'adciog  Cases. 


Nc 

75 -MELON 

AND    CUCUMBER    FRAME. 

Reduced  Cash 

PRrcEs,   Carriage  Paid. 

Size. 
No.  2 

Length. 

8  feet 

Width.                      Price. 
6  feet       ..       £3    5    0 

Packing  Cases. 
4<.  (,d. 

No    3 

12  feet 

6  feet       ..         4  12    6 

6j.  Orf. 

No.  4 

16  feet 

6  feet                  6    0    0 

..        Ss.  6^. 

Depth  in  front,  13  inches  ;    back 
ened  with  iron  rod.     One  handle  tc 
and  uDpainted,  6.;.  each  ;    glazed 

24  inches  ;  Lights,  i  inches  thick.     Strength- 
each  light.     Lights  only,  6  by  4  feel,  unglazed 
with  21-02.  sheet  glass,  and  painted  lour  coats, 

Siie.  Length.  Width. 

No.  2  8  feet       ..       6  feet 

No  3  12  feet  6  feet       ..         6    6    0..       is.  (id. 

No.  4  16  feet  6  feet       ..          8    0    0..       7i.  0</. 

Height  in  front,  ii  inches  :    back,  22  inches  ;    centre,  32  inches.     Lights  made  to 
turn  over.     Set-opes  for  ventilating. 

Cheaper  Frames  than  the  above  are  made  by  us  but  not  advertised.       All  the  Frames  Painted  Four  Coats,  and  Glazed  with  Best  21  02.  English  Glass, 

and  Carriage  Paid  to  anv  Railway  Station  In  England  and  Wales ;    also  to  Edinburgh  and  Dublin. 

PACKING    CASES  allowed  for  in  full  if  returned  within  fourteen  days  in  good  order  and  duly  advised. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER"  HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE.     KING'S    ROAD,     CHEL:aA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Qentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  BrADBURV,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  September  19,  1885. 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  MENZIES.&  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


CstaljlisijetJ  1841. 


No.  613.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sEHms.}   SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  26,  i! 


f   Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  5d. 
I  Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jposx-FREE,  fjrf. 


Apples,        seleclins 
plantino;  .  .. 

Arboretum,    ^lessf: 
&  Sons'.. 

Catamhes  .. 

ithus  Dampieri 


Colto 


Country'      growers      and 

Town  salesmen 
Cudrania  triloba.. 
Cyrtanthus  hybrida        .. 
Eight  days  in  the  Garden 

of  Kngland 
Ferns  at  Kew 

Florists'  flowers    . .  '.'. 

Forestry     .. 

Foster's  Seedling  and  To- 
Icay  Grapes    at    South 

Fruit  trees,  transplanting 

Fruits  unrler  glass 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 


CONTENTS. 


Malformation 
;       gloves      .. 

Market  garde: 
I  Montserrat 

Old  Warden 
'       fordshire 
I  Orchid-house, 

Orchid  notes 
ings 
I  Palms,  gardei 

!      iherapeutic 


'Ho 


i  Florrdi 


Insects,  inju 

Jephson  Gardens,  Lea- 
mington, the     .. 

L^tia  anceps  and  L.  har- 
pophylla 

Leptactina  tetraloba 

Lye's  new  Fuchsias 


Phn 


I  Ranunculus,  Turban,  the 
j      early  history  of  the 
I  Raspberry,  Late  Prolific. 
I  Rosery,  the 

Massachusetts      Horti- 

Sweet  Tea  of  Ssu-ch'uan 
Terrestrial     Orchids      of 
South  Africa      . 
I  Tuberous     Begonias     at 


Weather,  the 

Where  Strawberries  coti 

Wild  Mangos 
Wood  paper 
Zj'gopetalum  Klabochii 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


anceps  and  L.  harpophylla 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
Y^ffE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  diffi cully  in  oblaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

IV.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 


PRYSTAL         PALAC   E.— 

\J     INTERNATIONAL   POTATO  SHOW  and  GREAT 
AUTUMN  EXHIBITION  of  HARDY  FRUIT,  October  7 
to  ro,     Fi>r  Schedules  apply  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent.  Crystal  Palace,  S.E. 

GRAND     INTERNATIONAL     POTATO 
EXHIBITION    will    be    held    at    the    Crystal    Palace, 
Svdenhim.  London,  S.E.,  on  OCTOBER  7,  8   and  0.     Entries 
Close  on  September  30.     For  Schedules  and  particulars,  apply  to 
P.  McKINLAY,  Esq. 
Headley  Lodge,  Croydon  Road,  Anerley.  S.E. 

APPLE  and  PEAR    SHOW  at   EXETER, 
OCTOBER  22  a.  d  23. 
SPECIAL  CLASSES  for  Trade  and  Private  Growers,  and 
Tenant    Farmers.     P.ices    from    £3    downwards    in   over    fifly 
c'asses.    all    of  which    are   open,    and    without   entrance    fees. 
Schedules,  Rules,  &c.,  may  be  obtained  free  on  application  to 

Mr.  I.  ISAAC  PENGELLY,  Hon.  Sec. 
Guildhall.  Exeter. 

RICHMOND  (Surrey)  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY.  1885. 
The  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHl)\V  will  be  held  in  the 
Castle  Hotel  Rooms  on  NOVEMBER  5  and  6.  Special 
attention  is  direcled  to  Class  s,  in  which  TVVENTY  POUNDS 
IS  offered  for  lotty.eight  Cut  Blioms,  distinct,  twenty-four 
Jaoanese  and  twenty-four   Incuived.     Schedules   may    be    ob- 

"l^.VJorge  Street.  Richmond.         ^    "'  ^OR"'  H°°-  Sec. 

ATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 
Roval  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S  W. 
GRAND      EXHIBITION,      NOVEMBER    it    and    12 
fchedules  (f  eO  on  application. 

Notice  —Floral  Committee  Meetings  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
on  October  14,  28;  November  it,  25  :  December  9  ;  at  2.30  P.M., 
p.ecisely.     (KeguUlions  see  Schedule.) 

WILLIAM  HOLMES, 
Irarail"  Parle  Nurseries,  Hacltney,  London,  E. 

Nalioral  Chrysanthemum  Catalogue,  6./-  each. 

pAMELLIAS.— A  choice   Private  Collection 

V^     lor  Sale  :  fine  healthy  p'ants.   from   3  to  7  feet  h'gh,  in 
tubs.— Address  GARDEN,  97,  South  Stieet,  Exeter. 


N 


Lllli}m    fpeclosum    rubrum    Buperbum. 
LILIUM    SPECIOSUM    KR.KrZ6.RlL 

TWO  MOST  BEAUTIFUL  LILIES  from 
Japin,  one  red.  the  other  white  Good  Plants  full  of 
buds  and  flowers,  that  would  make  any  Ereenhouse  or  con- 
servatory eay.     2  guineas  per  dozen.  jCh  tor  per  100. 

WILLIAM     BULL,    Esrablishment   lor    New    and    Rare 
Plants.  536    King's  Road,  Chelsea.  London.  S.W. 


I  EVERGREEN 
Li     ARBOR-yiT/E.    American,    bushj 
adapted  for  forming  a  dense  hedae  :  — 2  10 
3  to  4  feet,  per  ico,  40J.  ;  4  to  5  feet,  per  1 

JOHN'jEFFRIESand  SON,  Riyal  N 


HEDGES.- 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARL\S,  PRIMULAS, 
fine  pi  nt  =  ,  ready  for  sirgle  po  s,  of  the  s.ime  well- 
c  loured  and  large  flowered  strnin^i  we  tiave  disinbuted  for 
louiteeii  jears,  \s.  6d   per  doz..  irj    per  lO-,  22J   6d   for  ^50. 

WM    CLIHRAN  and  SttN,  Okheld  Nurs.ry,  Ahiinch  m, 
aid  .2.  Market  Sireet.  Msnchp^sttr. 

TJ^IgHTY    thousand  "clematis     in 

-l-lJ  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  fl  iwers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  i-hade,  from  pure  while  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddinEr.  from  121.  to  245.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

OUVARDIAS,    in    eight    best    kinds,   in- 

cluding  Doubles,  fine  bushy  plants.  2ss.  per  too.    TREE 
CARNATIONS,  fine  for  early  bloom,   401    per   too.     Choice 
named  CARNATIONS  and   PICOlEEb,  stronB,  401-  per  lO). 
W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

Double"  WHITE  ^ROCKET  (Hesperis 
matronalis  albo-plena).  —  True,  strong  plants  of  this 
scarce  and  valuable  Hardy  Flower  can  now  be  supplied  at  gr  per 
d-jzen.  Orders  for  i  dozen  upwards.  Carriage  paid-  Price  lor 
Itrge  quantities  on  applicition  to 
FKEDERICK  FOREMAN.  E.^kbank  Nursery,  Dalkeith.  N.B. 

JOHN    MOOY   begs    to    inform  his   Friends 
that   he    has   arrived    as   usual    with  a   good  selection  of 
DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.     All  Orders  sh.ill  receive   his 
prompt  attention.     CATALOG  U  ES  free  on  application. 
29,  Wellington  Sireet.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


w 


W.    JOHNSON    AND    SON,    Seed 

Growers  ant  Merchants.  Boston,  are  now  offer- 
ing iheir  Select  Shocks  of  hom.-grown  SWEDES  in  tarieiy, 
at  very  moderate  prices.  Terms,  stating  lequirements  on  appli- 
cation. Seed  Wart  house.  Bridge  Street,  Boston. 

OR  SALE,    a   quantity   of  ASPIDISTRA 

LURIDA  VARietJAIA,  tine  Plants,  averaging  lour 
to  six  leaves,  in  48's.  CROTONS  in  variety-ii.terruptum, 
mutabilis.  Earl  Derby,  and  Mndulatum  -  for  SALE,  or  will 
EXCHANGE  lor  DRAC/ENA  TERMINALIS  RUBKA 
and  COOPERIL— MANAGER,  L'ysauea  Gardens,  near 
St.  Clear's,  Carmarthenshire. 


EXCHANGE      or      SALE,      Second-hand 
Upright  Tuh.il.ir  BOILER  and   WATER    BARS,   in 
good  condition,  for  Maidenhair  FERNS  and  Niphetos  ROSES. 
T.  WOOD,  Rudgeman  House.  Ea-tville,  Bristol. 

WANTED,     CUTTINGS     of    CALCEO- 
LARIA AUREA   FLORIBUNDA  and  GOLDEN 
GEM.     Mutbegood.     Stale  piice  to 

H.  TITE.  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

ANTED,      large      Plants     of      PALMS, 
Ferns,  ai.ocasias,  alamandas.  dipla- 

DENIAS,     BOUGAINVILLEAS,    DRACENAS,    Trained 
Pyramid  AZALEAS,  and  CAMELLIAS.     Please  stale  kinds, 
size,  and  price. 
W.  ALLEN.  The  Gardens,  Swallowfield,  Reading,  Berks. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  large  quantities 
of  SHRUBS:-PRIVET,  3  to  7  feet  high; 
EUONYMUS,  AUCUBAS,  LAURELS.  IVIES.  MAYS, 
Red,  7  to  9  feet  high  ;  LABURNUMS,  and  ASH,  Variegated. 


nd  Sample; 


Lancaster    Road, 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  I'omatos,  Cucunibers.'cboice  Flowers.&c. 

Q  Q  U  E  L  C  H         AND         bXr  N  H  A  M, 

^      giving  personal  attention    to    all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


BARNHAM. 

daily,  and 


SQUELCH         AND 
ACCOUNT  SALES  s. 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  (.2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  opM  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantiiy.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Gaiden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  baskets,  and  labels  supplied. 


F. 


Telegrams. 
&     A.     DICKSON     &      SONS, 


have  Registered  -  lC"i..LIANCE  "  (iiti'i 
as  their  Address  for  Telegrams  frcm  ; 
Telephone  Com 
ness.  Add 


ir  Trade  Mark) 
t  of  the  W.itid 

„.... „..  .,., ...Js  of  their  bo's 

RELIANCE,  CHESTER." 


Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

CARTER,  LONDON,  has  been  :he  Regis- 
tered Telegram  and  Cable  Address  of  James  Carter  &  Co. 
for  many  years,  and  all  communications  addressed  to  Carter. 
Lend  in,  by  this   means  are  dtlivered  to  James  Latter  &  Co., 


237  7. 


1  23S,  High  Htlborn,  London.  W.C. 


THe  Sixpenny  Telegrams  on  and  after  Octobsr  1 

PETER    LAWjSON     AND    SON   (Limited), 
Edinburgh,    respectfully     info.-m     Correspondeuis    th  ic 
their   Registered   address    for    Te'egrams    from    all    paiti    is 
"LAWSO>JS,  EDI.NBUkGH.' 

Sixpenny  Telegrams 
TO      COMMENCE      1st      OCTOBER. 

AITE,        NASH,      AND      CO., 


w 


npt 


D 


O 


eeistered     "WAITE.     LONDON." 
.  for  Telegrams  from  any  put  of  the  Wcrld. 
1  will  be  given  to  all  Oiders  forwarded  by  this 
s.  79,  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.  F. 

u  TC  h^fTo  w  e"r  in  g""b  uHssT-^ 

HYACINTHS,    TULIPS.    CROCUS,    &.-.      Priced 
Descriptive  CAIALOGUE  post-free  on  ai  plication. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSO.N,  Seedsmen  and  Nurserymen, 
20.  Waterloo  Place,  Eoinburgh 

PAUL'S  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Walihara  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULB-i,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  punhasinp, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  ihe  Waltham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London.  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  and  SON,  WaUham  Cross. 

GREEN  HOLLIES.— The  present  is  themost 
favourable  lira?  for  transplantng  Hollies.  The  Subscribers 
offer  wellro;)ted  stuff: — g  to  12  inches,  12J.  per  103.  .£5  per 
1000  :  12  to  15  inches,  i6r.  per  103,  £6  per  1000  :  15  to  iS  iuches, 
aoj  per  too  ;  £8  per  loao;  1%  to  2  leet.  50J.  per  loa. 
JOHN  JEFtKIES  AND  SON.  Royal  Nurseries.  Cirencester. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,   Belgium,   oBers 
to  the  Tude;— AZALEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUrZIA,   CAMELLIA,   FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  Itee  on  appMcation. 

UK    GENERAL    BULB     LIST,     No.  77, 

is  now  in  the  Press.     Send  f  r  a  copy. 
NEvV  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

MAIDENHAIR    FERNS.— Good   stuff',   in 
thumbs,  fit  for  48's.  i6r.  per  ico,  or  /s  ptr  1000. 
J.    CRISP,   WellbtoA   Nursery,    Farnborough,    Kent. 

W^  HOLESALir~BULB  CATALOGUE.— 
The  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  kiinw.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   AND  SIMP.SON,  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchants, 
13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

URICULA.— Plants   of  the  best   Winning 

Show  Varieties  to  dispose  of  from  the  surplus  stock  of 
EDWARD  POHLMAN,  Parkinson  Lane.  Halifax. 

R.  ENTWISTLE  is  now  Booking  Orders 

.  for  GOLDEN  ELDERS.  4  feet  x  4  leet.  handsome 
plants,  30J.  per  too  ;  2  to  3  feet,  i&s.  per  100,  on  Rail-  Trade 
price  on  application. 

The  Nurseries,  Stalybridge.  near  Manches'e-. 

60.000  Ferns  for  Sale- 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  in  thumbs, 
i8s.  per  100,  iCZ  per  toco:  other  sorts,  in  thumbs.  jCi 
per  1000:  from  boxes.  £i  per  lo^o.  Pust-office  Orders  payab.e 
Church  Street.     Cash  with  order. 

W.  SMITH,  Dockyard  Station  Nursery.  Woolwich. 

FOR  SALE,   a   Collection   of  Fruiting   and 
Succession  Pines,  clean,  healthy  Plants  of  the  lo  lowing 
kinds  :-Smoolh    Cayenne,     Black    Jamaica,    C.     Rothschild, 
Prince  Alfred,  and  Queen.     Apply  to 
AUSTIN  AND  McASLAN.  16,  Buchanan  Street,  Glasgow. 


A 


ADIANTUM     CUNEATUM 
Plants  from  boxes,  fi 
per  loco  ;  sample  of  fifty  ft 


Strong 

.11  pots,  6r.  6<i.  per  joo,  jii 


STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o*s,  for  polling  on  or  planting  out.     Low    prices  to  tiie 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGH0RN,Nurstr5min,  Richmond- Surrey. 

TRAWBERRIES.— The    Ne^w    Earliest, 

"Pauline,"    Fiist-cla«    Certificate,    Royal    Horticultural 
ety,  and  all  the  best  sorts,  in  small  pots,  or  as  transplanted 


s 


386 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  26,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  .IDCI  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C..  every  MONDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  it  o'clock  pre- 
ciselyeach  day.  about  800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private 
Buyers. 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N.B.  The  Sale  on  THURSDAY  NEXT  will  include  a 
quantity  of  TERRA  COTTA  POTS  and  VASES. 


Whetstone,  N. 

Four  minutes'  walk  from  Totteridge  Station. 
IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  PLANTS.  LIVE 
and  DEAD  STOCK,  HAY.  UTENSILS  and  EFFECTS, 
by  order  0'  Messrs.  \V.  Davis  &  Son,  without  the  slightest 
reserve.  To  commence  punctually  at  ti  o'clock,  owing  to 
the  large  number  ot  Lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
(having  sold  the  Freehold  Estate)  are  favoured  with 
instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  New 
Lodge  Nurseries,^  Whetstone,  N.,  on  TUESDAY  ne.xc.  Sep- 
tember 29,  at  II  o'Oock  punctually,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  consisting  of  4C03  Pelargoniums. 
)0:o  double  scarlet  Geraniums,  2000  Hydiaigeas,  4000  large 
white  Chrysanthemums,  in  No.  4  pots.  Princess  of  Teck  and 
Elaine  ;  103  grand  Specimen  Camellias,  in  tubs  and  planted 
out,  principally  white,  and  producing  annually  an  immense 
quantity  of  bloom  ;  several  smaller  plants  in  pots ;  500  Pot 
Vines,  of  the  best  sorts;  the  whole  of  the  UTENSILS  in 
TRADE  :  four  young,  active,  and  powerful  Cart  HORSES  ; 
four  capital  market  VANS,  live  manure  CARTS,  water 
CARTS,  fourteen  HEIFERS,  Ayrshire  COW  in  call,  eleven 
Berkshire  PIGS,  Slack  of  Prime  Meadow  HAY  filty  load^  of 
MANURE,  quantity  of  two  and  three  light  BOXES,  STRAW, 
CORN-BINS,  BAKROWS,  POTS,  BASKETS,  and  nu- 
merous   other   eflects  applicable   to    a    Market    Gardener  and 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, at  the  princifal  local  Inns,  and  of  the  Auctioneers. 
Valuers,  and  Estate  Agents,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  EC. 

100  Specimen  Camellias. 

IMPORTANT  to  CUT  FLOWER  and  MARKET 

GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .\nd  MORRIS 
beg  to  call  attention  to  the  above  in  the  SALE  at  the 
New  Lodge  Nurseries,  Whetstone,  on  TUESDAY  NE.XT. 
The  plants  are  in  fine  health,  in  pots  and  in  the  ground  :  they 
aie  principally  Double  Whites,  and  have  produced  annually 
immense  quantitits  of  blooms. 

Catalogues  at  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Tuesday  Next. 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and  ESTABLISHED. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .\nd  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
September  2^,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  quantity  of 
'^"""""'^       "  "'     bud  from  variuos  collections,  among 


ORCHIDS  in  fl 
which  will  be  found  ;- 
Cvpiipedium     calurum,     new 

hybrid. 
Vanda    Lowii,    superb    speci- 
men. 4  feet  high, 
Elophia  guineensis,  very  rare. 
Odonloglossum        Andersoni- 


Oncidium  lancea 
Cattleya  labiata. 


pansi 


Dendrobium  JoKanni: 

four  plants. 
Phalsnpsis  violacea. 


;,  twenty- 


„     Krurr 

„     Rucketian 
La^lia  elegans,  t 

Also  a  very  line  lot  of  ESTABLISHED    ORCHIDS,  in- 
cluding Cypripedium  ve.\illirium.  Odontoglossum  polyanthum, 
O.  prenitans,    Oncidium  Jonesianum.  and   many  other  valuable 
species  :  also  an  importation  of  Sophronites  grandiflora,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  6i.  Cheap- 
side.  E  C  .  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  2,  at  hall  past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  importations  of  ihe  following  valuable 
ORCHIDS,  in  first-class  condition  :-Cypripedium  Stouei.  C. 
I.owi,  Calanthe  vestita  cculata"  gigantea.  C.  veralrifolia. 
Cattle\a  supeiba.  C.  luteola.  C  Dowiana,  Cojlogvi.e  pandu- 
r,ata,  Oncidium  Marshallianum.  Phalanopsis  granrtifl  ,ra,  Sac- 
colaiiium  Hendersonianum.  Varda  Hookeri,  Zigopeialum 
Gautieri,  and  many  others  ;  also  in  flower  Angtsecum  Lejni, 
and  Odontoglossum  Insleayi.  fine  varieties. 

On  vieiv  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cat.ilogues  had. 

Cypripedium  Ireapeanum. 

A  most  beautitu'  lari:e-fljwered  gold-yellow  CvDripediuJl  from 
Mexica.     A  few  good  plants  will  be  offered. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  include   the  above    in    their  S4LE  on  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander. 

Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 

TENTH    ANNUAL   SALE  of  CHOICE   ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr  H.  James  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  ihe  Premises,  The  Castle  Nursery,  Lower  Norw.jod, 
S  E..  near  the  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY.  October  7.  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  a  selection  of  about  150  lots  of  beautitully- 
grown  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  clean  healthy  plants, 
including  a  very  line  lot  of  Odontoglossums,  Masdevallias, 
Cattleyas.  Phalaenopsis.  Oncidiums,  Cypripediums,  Dendro- 
bium ;.  and  others ;  and  amongst  which  will  be  found  several 
rare  and  valuable  species  ;  an  assortment  of  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  specimen  CAMELLIAS,  AZl- 
LKAS  and  FERN-i.  I.APAGERIAS.  STEPHANOTIS, 
CROTON  S,  DRAC.E  NAS,  and  a  variety  ot  ORNAM  ENTAL 
TREES  and  SHRUBS. 

May    now    be    viewed.      Catalogues   may  be    had    on  the 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Dutch  Flower  Eoots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  697S  ) 
CONSIGNMENT  of  PLANTS  from  HOLLAND. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  N  tX  T. 
September  30  a  consignment  of  well  grown  specimen  CU  PR  tS- 
SUS.  RETINOSPORAS.  THUIOPSIS.  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, and  o;her  PLANTS  from  Holland. 

On  vie^v  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce 
that  his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY,  October  14.  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  ol  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  particulars  of  same  as  soon  as  possible. 

■Valuable  Established  Orchids. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rorms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  on  THURSDAY.  October  rs,  at 
halfpast  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  formed  by  the  late  Ftedeiick 
Collins  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Waliham  Cross,  including  two  good 
plants  of  the  true  autumn-flowering  Cattleya  labiata,  C.  Men- 
delii,  fine  variety ;  Angraecum  sesquipedale,  C  Spiceria- 
num.  three  growths  ;  C.  caudatum,  and  C.  roseum  ;  Vanda 
tricolor,  V.  suavis,  Dendrobiums  of  sorts,  Odantrglossums, 
Oncidiums,  Phala:nopsis,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Hlghaeld  Nurseries,  Matlock,  Derbyshire. 

To    Noblemen.     Genilemen,     Nurserymen,    and    Olhers. 

HIGHLY     IMPORTANT     AND    ATTRACTIVE    SAI  E 

OF   NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  ELSE  and  SON  have  received 
instructions  from  Mr.  J.  J.  Marriott,  who  is  giving  up 
a  ponion  of  his  ground,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  without 
reserve,  on  MONDAY,  TUESDAY,  and  WEDNESDAY, 
September  28,  =9.  and  30.  the  whole  of  the  very  Suoerior  Stock 
of  the  above-named  grotmd.  all  in  the  best  possible  condition 
for  removal,  including  large  quantities  of  ROTUNDI  FOLIA. 
CAUCASICUM,  LATIFOL.IA,  COLCHIC.  and  oiher 
LAURELS;  extra  strong  oval-leaved  PRIVET:  a  choice 
collection  ol  Variegated  and  Green  HOLLIES  ;  CUPRKSSUS. 
RETINOSPORAS,  ARAUCARIAS.  and  ARBOR-VIT.ES  ; 
choice  named  RHODODENDRONS.  Tiee  P/EONIES. 
i2,oo)  Transplanted  Seedling  RHODODENDRONS  from 
ihe  finest  named  sorts,  and  30,oco  from  hybrids  ;  30;© 
ROSES  on  their  own  roots,  in  choicest  variety  ;  a  very  select 
collection  of  Herbaceous  P.EONIES  in  strong  fiowering 
plints;  40.000  tiansplanted  LARCH,  clean,  stout,  and  wel- 
rooted  ;  extra  good  PINUS  AUSTRIACA.  sic. 

Particulars  of  which  are  given  in  Catalogues,  to  be  had  one 
week  prior  to  the  Sale,  from  Mr.  MARRIOTT,  Lime  Villa. 
Walsall,  or  the  Auctioneers,  Matlock  Bridge. 

Messrs.  Else  &  Son  desire  to  call  special  attention  to  this 
Sale,  the  stock  to  be  offered  being  of  unusually  good  quality, 
particularly  worthy  of  the  notice  of  THE  TRADE  as  well  as 
PRIVATE  BUYERS,  there  being  nothing  old  or  over-grown, 
or  spoiled  by  over-crowding. 

Saloon,  People's  Hotel,  Harrogate. 

MESSRS.  RENTON  .and  RENTON  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  'TUESDAY,  September  29,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  prompt,  under  instructions  from  Mr.  Linskill. 
a  fine  and  valuable  Collection  of  STOVE  PLANTS,  EXOTIC 
FERNS,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  &c.,  specially  selected 
for  the  Florist's  Business,  and  embracing  rare  specimens  of 
important  varieties,  well  worthy  the  attention  ot  Gentlemen's 
Gardeners  and  the  Trade  generally. 

Ca'alogues,  free  of  charge,  from  Mr.  LINSKILL,  Harrogate: 
or  ihe  Auctioneers.— Offices,  Albeit  Strett.  Harro.;ate. 

Waltham  Cross,  Herts. 
{On  the  Great  Eastern  Railway.  11  miles  from  London.) 
CATALOGUE  of  portion  cf  Mr.  Tudgev's  valuable  and  well- 
known  COLLECTION  of  SPECIMEN  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  wsll-grown  speci- 
mens of  Azalea  indica.  Cape  Ericas,  Genelyllis,  Aphelexis. 
Phcenocomas.  Dracopllyllums.  Stephanotis.  500  Adiantum 
cuneatum  giganleum.  200  Cocos  Weddelliana  in  4-inch  pets, 
Allamandas.  Clerodendrons,  Francisceas,  Rcndeletias. 
specimen  Palms.  Anthuiiums.  Crotons,  300  Araucaria 
Cooper ii  in  4- inch  pots,  &c.  Also  a  quantity  of  Hardv.-cod 
Heaths  and  Palms,  in  4. inch  and  e-inch  pots,  and  Exhibition 
P  ant  V.AN,  in  good  repair. 

MR.  TYDEMAN  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Exotic  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross, 
on  TUESDAY.  October  6,  at  12  o'clock. 

May  be  viewed  the  day  previous  and  morning  of  Sale,  and 
Catalogues  obtained  of  Mr.  E.  TUDGEY.  Exotic  Nurseries. 
Waltham  Cross  :  or  of  Mr.  J.  TYDEMAN,  Auctioneer.  Valuer, 
and  Elate  Agent,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts. 

Tansley  Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  Derbyshire. 

To  NOBLEMEN,   GENTLEMEN.  NURSERYMEN,  and 

OTHERS. 

MR.  GEORGE  MARSDEN  respectfully 
announces  that  in  consequence  of  the  termination  of 
the  ter.a  icy  ol  a  portion  of  the  Nursery  Land,  he  is  a^ain  in- 
structed by  Mes-rs.  Samuel  &  James  Smith,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Nu  series,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY 
and  THUkSDAV,  October  8  and  9,  commencing  punctually 
at  it  o'..ljck  each  day,  a  portion  ot  their  choice  and  h  ghly 
valuable  NURSERY  STOCK,  consis:ing  of  about  8000  trans- 
planted Rhododendrons,  named  varieties,  of  the  choicest  speci- 
mens, growth,  and  quality  ;  Soo.coa  pont  cum  Rhododendrons 
and  common  liybrids  ;  Cupressus,  Ivies,  and  Laurels  ;  immerse 
quantities  of  Retinospora  plumosa.  obtusa  campacla  and  aurea, 
in  sizes  suitable  to  all  purposes  ;  Cedrus  Deodaa  and  atlantica. 
Azaleas.  Whins.  Privet,  &c  ;  7003  Andromeda  fl  iribunda. 
Golden  Yews.  Gold,  Silver,  and  Green  Hollies;  about  40  000 
Ne«  Golden  Elders.  Berheris  and  Pinus  austriaca,  in  goad 
condtion;  Oak.  Scotch  Beech.  Italiai  and  Ontario  Poplars, 
and  other  Forest  Trees  in  great  variety  and  quantity. 

Catalogues  can  be  had  on  application  to  Mess-s  SAMUEL 
AND  JAMES  SMITH,  Tansley  Nurseries,  Matlock;  or  the 
Auctioneer,  Wirksworth. 


Mid-Surrey  Nurseries, 

Adjoining  the  Railway  Station,  Sutton,  Surrey. 
CLEARANCE  SALE,  the  Proprietor  not  having  room  to  keep 
the  plants  for  the  winter,  consisting  of  150  AZALEAS  and 
CAMELLIAS,  specimen,  half  specimen,  and  smaller  plants, 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  CLEMATIS,  IVIES,  LONI- 
CERAS,  PASSIFLORAS.  and  oih.r  CLIMBERS, 
FERNS.  PALMS.  Foliage  Plants,  S:c.  :  6co  Standard  and 
Dwarf  ROSES  in  pots,  including  fine  plants  of  Marechal 
Niel.  Also  well  grown  LARCHES,  LIMES.  POPLARS, 
EVERGREENS.  ALMONDS.  Scarlet  THORNS.  &c. 
Fine  ASPARAGUS  and  SEAKALE  Plants.  A  lot  of 
ROCKERY  and  BURRS  for  Ferneries,  and  SAND  for 
Building  purposes. 

MR.   MORGAN  is  instructed  to  SELL  the 
above    by    AUCTION,    on   the     Premises    as    above, 
and  on  the  Ground,    West   end    of    Grove    Road,    Sutton,    on 
THURSDAY.  October  8,  at  1  for  2o'Clock. 
Catalogues  had  of  the  Auctioneer.  Sutton,  or  at  The  Nurseries. 


Edinburgh. 

Drummond  Brothers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 
Nursery  branch  of  their  business, 

MR.  ALEXANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  Larkfield  Nursery,  Ferry  Road.  Edin- 
burgh, on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY.  October  7  an!  8, 
at  12  o'clock  each  day  a  very  fine  lot  of  HOLLIES.  YEWS. 
AUCUBAS,  RHODODENDRONS.  WEEPING  TREES 
&c..  mostly  suitable  for  immediate  eflfect. 

Now  on  view.  Catabgues  to  be  had  from  DRUMMOND 
BROTHERS.  Agricultural  Seedsmen.  82,  George  Street 
Edinburgh. 


To  Nurserymen. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  the  Old-established 
NURSERY  BUSINESS  of  Mr.  William  Hounslow. 
of  Ringwood.  which  was  established  in  t8co,  and  has  been  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  by  the  family  1 1  the  present  time,  old  age 
being  the  sole  reason  for  rciiring  from  the  same.  The  Nurseries 
are  admirably  adipted  ftr  growing  Seedlings  of  all  descriptions, 
and  contain  about  7  acres.  The  stock  consists  of  Forest  Trees, 
Canifers,  Flowering  Shrubs,  and  American  Plants,  to  be  taken 
at  valuation  The  Nurseries  are  within  100  yards  of  the 
Railway  Station,  thus  offering  a  rare  opportunity  for  an  enter- 
prising man,  as  the  business  can  be  grea'.ly  increased. 

For  lurther  particulars,  and  to  view,  apply  to  F.  AVLES, 
Auctioneer.  Ringwood. 

N  B.— In  case  the  Business  shou'd  not  be  disposed  of.  the 
ANNUAL  SALE  will  take  place  EARLY  IN  NOVEMBER, 
of  which  due  notice  will  he  given. 

California 
T70R  SALE,   several    GRAIN   and  FRUIT 

-L^       FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  J.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  419,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Thornton  Heath 
In  a  prominent  position,  good  locality.     Capital  opening  for  a 

WELL  ESTABLfsHED    NURSERY— an 
Acre  of  Ground,  fine   Gieenhause.     Lease  forty-two 
years.     Rent  only  {,  2.     No  Stock. 

Terms  and  particulars  of  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside.  E  C 

Warminster.  Wilts. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  Immediate  Possession, 
and  at  a  moderate  rent,  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the 
HOME  NURSERY  late  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  George 
Wheeler,  comprising  about  sj^  acres,  all  walled-in,  with  de- 
tached Residence,  Seed  Shop.  Coach-houses,  Stabling.  Sheds, 
Greenhouses.  Ranges  of  Pits.  &c.  The  above  is  a  good  chance 
for  a  persevering  young  man. 

For  particulars  apply  to  Mr.  H.ALLIDAY,  Warminster. 

To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake   the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lislria  Park,  Sumford  Hdl.  N. 

OHN         KENNARD'S        HORTICULTURAL 
Sundries,   Peat.    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
DepoL     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road.  S.E.     Established  1854. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH.  STOCKPORT, 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROC}:  ARTIST. 
:ntly  for  Noble: 


nd  Gentleme 

n.    Can  refer  t)  Messrs.  Sande 

&  Co.,  St.  A  bail's. 

n  be  seen. 

Tu'a  formal 

on,  Sandstor.e.  and  other  local 

ocks  made  natura'. 

GOOD     BULBS     for     SUPPLYING 
CUT    FLOWERS  :~ 
EUCHARIS    SANDERII. 
EUCHARIS    AMAZONICA. 
EUCHARIS    CANDIDA. 
EUCHARIS    MASTERSII 
The  last-named,  a  beautiful  new  kind,  offered  for  the  first  time, 
per  dozen  or  hundred  on  applif 


and  Ra 


Pla 


""\7"E    NARCISSUS  or  DAFFODIL  ;" 

X     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts    Pi  ice  1  J. 
BARR  and  son.  King  Street.  Covent  Girden.  W  C 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 
DUTCH   BULP.S— Season  1SS5. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
en  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  ycu  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS.  Wholesale  I.mpoktsr  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3.Victoria  Warehouses.  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  firom  August  up  to  end  of  Det:.  in  each  year. 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


387 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  prices  and  full  particulars  of  the  Best  Bulbs,  gratis 
and  post-free  on  application. 

SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  detailed    particulars  of  Collections  ol   Bulbs  for  all 
purposes,  oralis  and  post-free  on  applicitton. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing an  Article  on  the  Culture  of  the  Hyacinth,  gratis  and 
post-free  on  application- 


BUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 

O     ine  a  Toned    Illustration  of  Sutton's  Ininaitable  Bedding 
Hyacinth>,  gratis  and  po^t  free  on  application, 

S^' UtTOn'^S^ULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  an  Article  on  ihe  Culture  of  ihe  Tulip,  graiis  and  post- 

UTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 

"ng  Articles  on  the  Culture  of  Crocuses,  gratis  and  post- 


s 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  Articles  on  the  Cul.ure  of  Narcissus,  gratis  and  post- 
free  on  app'ication. 

S~UTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
inB  a   Toned  Illustration  of  Narcissi  and  Jonquils,  graiis 
and  post-free  on  applicatian. 

UTTON'S   BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 

ing  an  Article  on  the  Culture  of  th;  Begoaia,  'graiis  ar.d 
post-fiee  on  appUjation. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  an  Article  on  the  Culture  of  the  Gloxinia,  gratis  and 
post-free  on  appH 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  ai  Article  on  the  Culture  of  Like?,  gratis  and  post- 
free  on  application. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing an  Article  on  the  Culture  of  the  Cyc'atnen,  gratis  and 
post-free  Qti  application. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing an  Article  on  the  Culture  ol  the  GlaiJiolus,  eratis  and 
post-free  rn  application, 

SUtTON'S   BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing  Articles  on  the  Cii'ture  of  Anemone?,  Ranunculus, 
&c.,  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 

SUTTON  AND  SONS,  Seeiismen  by  Royal 
Warrants  to  H.M,  the  Queeu  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  Reading. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Musbroom  Spawn 


Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries, 

Upper  Holloway.  London,  N. 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 


Of  Cii 


Ha 


and    Spring 


RDV    Flower, Roots    for   Indo 
Gardening  have  been  much  enlarged,  and  cont 

COLLECTION    "  F,"    FOR    SPRINQ    GARDENING, 
Containing  900  Bulbs, 

36  Hyacinths,  distinct  colours.  |  400  Crocus,  in4distinctcoIoui 
single  early. 


50  Tulips,  do 

25  Tulips,  single  late. 
=0  Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 
33  Narcissus,  incrimparabilis. 
si  Na     ■ 


5J  Ane 


;,  double. 


36  Gladiolus. 
50  Snowdrops,  sing'e. 
23  Spanish  Iris, 
25  Trireleia  uniflora. 
25  Scilla  hyacinihoide 
4  Lilium  urabellatum 


COLLECTION    '■  C."    FOR    INDOOR. 
Containing  277  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


:inths, 

lan  Hyacinths, 
single  early- 
van  Thol.  red  Syellon 


rulios,  double  ear 
6  La  Candeur,  \ 
6  Rex  Rubrorui 
6  Tournesol. 


Half  of  i 


Narcissus,  double 

6  double,  sweet-scented. 

6  single 

12  Scilla  sibirica  (prxoox). 
12  Choice  Ixias. 

12       !,'     Oxalis. 

12  Grape  Hyacinth^, 

(H,  botryoides), 

6  Eranthis  Hyemalis. 

6  Snowdrops. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 

IK  ADOVE   FOR    loi.  id. 


The  above  Packages  may  be  had  rom  our  Agents  Messrs 
MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane.  St.  Maryat-Hill' 
London,  E,C  ,  on  receipt  ol  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order, 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  IN- 
DOOR and  SPRING  Gardening,  see  our  complete  and 
revised  CATALOGUE  for  1885.  which  will  be  sent  post- 
free,  on  application  to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct, 

ANT.   ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

Overveen,  near  Haailem,  Holland. 


.  To  the  Trade  only. 

Tj^     H.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurseymen, 

X-i»  Sbedsmen,  and  Florists,  Haarlem,  Holland,  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No,  37oA)  of  Dutch  Flower  Ronts  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  luberous-rooted  Plantsfor  iSSs-Se.is 
now  ready,  and  may  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  Nursery- 
men, Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  extract  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  pages 
Svo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specially.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
are  considerably  lower  than  before,  Piices  of  Tulips  and  other 
hulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  in'eiior  to  former  quotations 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  published, 

"  Irradiating  the  Present.  Restoring  the  Past." 

A  COMPLETE  antj  ORIGINAL  "LITTLE 
BOOK  ■■  cf  DAFFODILS,  in  iis  revi  ed  form,  for  1885 
Price  iS..P«U.f,ei.  There  are  numer.us  original  Illustraticn-, 
and  the  DalT.dils  are  the  b?st  ripened  Bulbs  to  be  got,  Ireland 


ther 


Ov 


from,  EailyjJiantingand  ejily  r  pen'ng  of  Bulbs  should  give 
g.and  results.  AdvanLagej  offered  by  no  other  Houe  in  the 
Tr.ide,  -  WM,  BAYL'^R  HARTLANu'S  Old  Established 
Seed  Warehou.e,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Coik. 

The  New  Raspberry! 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling  ) 
The  fioest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  18S3. 

c. i' .    ^j  pg,,  JQ3.  g^  pg^  dozen. 

Trade,  s  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 


Strong  Ca 
Usual  allowa 
:ash.     Orders  are  now  being  boi 

A    FAULKNOR,  Inkpen.  Hungerford 


BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming,  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6i.  pet  dozen  plants,  12s,  per  dOE?n  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac;  NewYork,  beautirul  Double  Violet  with  red 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay,  Double  Red  Russian,  Marie  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  35,  6i.  per  dozen  plants,  71.  i,d. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cultivation,    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,   and     PRIM- 
ROSES, a^rf,,  free. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,  Finder,  Kingsk-rswell,  Devonshire, 


F&ms,— Ferns.— Ferns. 
TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.  DECORUM.  A.STRlCTUM,  LOMARUGIBBA 
LASTREA  ARISTATA  VARIEGAlA,  nice  Plants,  m  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  nn,  20!,  per  lOo,  £0  per  icoo, 

ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  ready  for  potting 
on,  3M,  per  100, 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.  fine  plants,  in  ,}i  and  5-inch 
pots,  40J.  and  50J,  per  to>. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO,  (John  Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston,  Liverpool. 


B     GILBERT,    Anemone     Nursery,    Dyke, 
•      Bourne,  Lincoln,  begs  to  offer  the  fallowing    BULBS, 
PLANT,^,  &c,  :- 
ANEMONE,   King  of  Scarlets,  B.  G,'s  own  production,  41. 

per  dozen,  251.  per  100. 
HEPATICAS,  Double  Red,  5s,  per  dozen,  30;,  per  ico, 

,      Single  Blue,  4^,  per  dozen,  25J   per  iod, 
VIOLETS,  Marie  Louise,  4,.,  per  dozen,  2;^.  per  100. 
,,     Single,  Victoria,  35,  per  dozen,  205,  per  100. 
At    the  International    Exhibition,    held    at    the    Alexandra 
Palace,  B,  G,  was  awarded  a  Medal  for  Group  of  Anemones, 

Testimonials  from  all  parts  are  constantly  coming  in,  'Ihe 
following,  from  Mr,  RoBEhTS,  Gardener  to  Lord  Rothschild 
utily  recently  received:  — 

"  Dear  S:i', —  I  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  your  Anemones. 
They  are  superb  both  in  colour  and  sire  of  fljwer.  I  potted  a 
quantity,  putting  five  bulbs  in  a  pet,  kept  them  under  g'ass.  In 
cue  time  they  threw  up  as  many  as  two  dozen  splendid  blooms. 
They  fljwered  two  months  sooner  than  the  outdoor  ones,  and 
wete  the  admiration  of  a'l  who  «aw  them.— Yours  very  truly 

_^___^__ -'J.  Roberts,- 

Autumn  Planting, 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
1  REES,  &c  ,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  gad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN  CATALOGUES  are  in  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual, 

T?  O  R     SAL  E ,      500  ~e"u  C  H  A  rTi  S 

-L  AMAZONIC*,  giod  flowerirg  bulbs,  751,  per  103 
GERANIUM  CUTTINGS,  "  CANDIDISSIMA  ALBA 
PLENA, "^  the  finest  Double  White  Geranium  for  cutting 
leading  varieties,  75,  per  100, 


VIOLAS,  all  leading  va 

W,  MILES,  West  linghton  Nuri 


,  Ho 


New  Catalogues. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descrip- 
tive CATALOGUES  for  the  season  are  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  post-free  on  application,  viz   :  — 
A  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  and  other  BULBS. 
A  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES.  VINES,  and 

all  kinds  of  HARDY  TREES  and  SHRUBS. 
A    CATALOGUE    of   CARNATIONS,    PICOTEES,    and 


PINKS, 


The  Royal  Nu 


;s,  Sloueh, 


Vines— Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO,  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.     Price  and  full  particulars  on 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  ofter    to 

•  the  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemahs  and  other  vaiielie.)  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS.  GENlbTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  EOUVARDIA,"-, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOnS,  FICU3  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.     An  inspection  is  invited 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
Bu-nt  Ash  Line  Nurseries,  Lee,  S,E, 


(CINERARIAS    anii    PRIMULAS. 

V^     Covent  Garden  strain,  extra  strong  Plants,  fr 


F 


. — Finest 

,--    -   —  -.."...,-"..-  -...^..fi  J,  ta.ii?,  from  6o-pats, 

'"Jf.J'^%   °'""''A°'-  P"  ""'  '"  'l"^''  quantities  of  each. 

MORLE  AND  CO,,  I  and  2,    Kenchurch  Street,  E.C.,  anti 
Child  s  Hill  Nursery,  London,  N.W, 

IDALMS,   specially   Hardy   Grown    for    Cool 

-L  Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses,-Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged,  20  inches  high  iij 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  ij,  3^.  ;  same  kinds,  rz  inches  high, 
25J.  period;  sample  12  for  45,  All  packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
Postal  orders  toGARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

RUITING      TREES     \k     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS,    PEACHES.   &c, 

WelUtrained    trees    for    walls,    with    fibrous   roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  ROSES,       SEAKALE  for  Forcing, 

Inspection  invited, 

WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton.  Middlesex, 


pnOICE  SHRUBS   for   Potting  and  Bo.ves. 
V-V    THUIA     AUREA,     RETINOSPORA     PLUMOSA 
AUREA,  THUIA  ERECTA  VEIRIDIS,  &c,     nic- shaped 
plants,  12  to  18  inches  high.  40J,  per  rco, 
W^ACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 


c 


ROCUS   BULBS,  —  loo.ooo   large  Yellow 

i^ulbs,  in  first-rate  condition,  at  8.  per  ,000 
R    GOSLING.  Market  Gardener    Boston 


G  Gardeners.  Please  Observe. 
LADIOLUS,   The   Bride,   pure   White,   2s. 
p  r  do<..  laj.  pe-  100:    NARCISSUS,    Folcil  d'Or  and 
CI  nosa,  21.  pe    d  2.  ;    G  and  Mon.ique  and   Whi  e  Peal,  v. 
pcrdoz.     Immense  bulbs.     Cariiitepjid 
T,  BAKER,  Flo   s  ;  &c  ,  Chester. 

ROUX     ET     FILS,    NURSERYMEN,     ValMe 
d'.^ulnay,a  Chaten.ty,  Seine,  — ,0  Hectares 
GREAT  SPECIALTY-FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing, 

,.        „,  (1867.  Pri.xd'Honneur,  etObjetd'Art. 

Expositions Universelle<  1878,  Two  Gram's  Prix,  Cioix  de  la 

I  lej.ond'Honneur, 
CATALOGUES  on  applicalion. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS^ 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants.  3  /,       Price  LIS  1'  free, 

W,  LOVtL  andSON 

Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield, 


CLEARANCE       SALE. 

FERNS,  in  thumbs,  los.  per  roo. 

Also  Stock  speci.illy  suited  for    a  Lond.™  Cut   Flower  Trade 

With  the  Greenhouses  and  Hot-wa'-er  Pipes, 

Impecti  II  and  offers  solicited.    The  land  >-.  quired  for  lunldiag 
POUNCE'S  NURSERY,  HENDON,  N.W. 

pUTBUSH-S      mTlT 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN,-Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6i,  per  bushel 
(i^.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  01 
i>d  per  cake ;  free  by  Parcel  Post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack, 
ages  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sienature  attached, 

WM,  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


^KulTTR 


A  large  and  healthy  Stock  of  all  kinds 
to  select  from. 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 


ORNAMENTAL  TREESandSHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

J  HHeaPcons 

W  B  U    Crawley,        U  Sussex. 


BULBS 


200,000      DIKECT      FROM       HOLLANr. 

Very  Cheap  LIST,  with  interesting  Pamphlet  on  Growing 
Bulbs,  free  on  application.  HYACINTHS,  from  71.  M  100  ■ 
TULIPS,  from  21.  rco;  CROCUS,  from  11.  100  ;  NARCIS- 
SUS, from  21,  loo  Liberal  Discount  to  Large  Buyers 
ROBERT  SYDENHAM    Bristol  Road.  Birmin 


388 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18 


Autumn   and    Wiiiter-floweriog   Plants. 

a- 


B,  S.  WILLIAMS 

Bees  to  announce  that  in  consequence  of  the  hot  — - 

his  stock  of  the  above  is  lema.kably  fine  this  year,  and  well 
set  for  flower.     Early  Orders  are  soliciled  for  the  followinR, 
which  are  now  ready  for  delivery  :  - 
AZALEA  INDICA,  m  variety. 

,.     MOLLIS,  seedlings  and  named  sorts. 
BwUVARDIAS,  leading  kinds. 
CAMELLIAS,  leading  kinds.     [GIGANTEUM. 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  and  C   PERSjlCU.vI 
DELITZIA  CRENATA  FLORE-PLENO. 

,.     GKACILIS. 
EPACRIS. leading  kinds.    ERICAS,  leadingkinds. 
HYDRANGEA      PANICULAiA      GRANDl- 
KALMIAS.  [FLORA. 

LILACS,  Chas.  X..  and  other  leading  sons. 
PRIMULAS  SINENSIS  ALBA-PLENA. 

,.     double   leading  kinds. 
RHODODENDRuNS.  of  sons. 
SOLANUMS.  Williams' hybrid. 
STAPHYLEA  COLgriluA. 

For  complete  List  and  Prices,  see 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE, 

which  can  be  had  Gr.atis  and  Post  free  on  application. 


VICTORIA  and  ^^ARAUlSt  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLLOW.AY,    LONDON,  N. 


RASPBERRY, 

BA  UMFOR  TH'S  SEEDLING 

TRANSPLANTED   CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  above  for  delivery 
as  soon  as  ready. 
Planting  Canes  ..    ..  173  «d.  per  100. 
Fruiting  Canes  . .     . .  26s. 

Price  tc  the  Trade  on  appHeation, 


THE  YORKSHIRE   SEED  ESTABLISHMENT.  HULL. 

B^ULB        GUIDES^ 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Fart  1  consists  of  HY..\CINTHP,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation  ;ill  of  which  are  lully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

FLOWERING  PLANTS 

For   AUTUMN    and   "WINTER. 

STKOSC,  HEALTHY,  and  FULL  of  BLOOM. 


Acacias,  i8i   10305   per  dozen. 

Azalea  tndica,  1S5.  loe^j,  per  dozen. 

BouvardiaS,  disiinct,  Singles  and  Doubles,  15J.  per  dozen. 

Camellias,  301.  to  6oj   per  dozen. 

Cyclamen    perslCUm  (Smith's  superb  strain),  fullofl'uds, 

5-inch  pots,  iSr.  per  dozen. 
CytlSUS,  125.  to  185.  per  dozen, 
Epacrls,  b-"st  sorts,  iS;.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 

Ericas,    by  emails,    Willmoreana,    caffra,    gracillB, 

aUtumnaliS,  &C  ,  6  ii,ch  pots,  le^.  to  305,  per  dozen. 

Gardenias,  iSi.  to  305.  per  dozen, 
Lapa^erii  alba,  is.  td\.o  42*.  each. 
Lapageria  rosea  ar.  6rf.  to  55.  each. 
Llbonia  penrtiosiana.  121.  to  iSj  per  dozen. 

Plmeleas,  very  hue,  3  s.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  best  Doubles,  named,  305  to  43J.  per  dozen. 

Primulas.  Double  While  and  Purple,  18 J.  per  dozen. 

Tr^ie  Carnations,  5-inch  pots,  245.  to  305.  per  dozen. 


Orange,  sinensis  (in  fruit),  25,  td.  each. 

Greenhouse  Climbers,  in  variety,  i8j.  10  301  per  dozen. 
GrevlUea  robuata.  s-mch  pots,  izj.  to  i8j.  per  dozen. 

Ferns,  Maidenhair,  &c.,  in  great  variety  :  also 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS. 

DESCRIPTIVE    LIST    FREE. 

Selections  from  above  may  be  made  at  dozen  prices. 

The  plants  are  remarkably  fine  and  cheap. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


"WILSON    JUNR." 
BLACKBERRY, 

TO  OUR  PATRONS.  Leicester.  Sept.  18,  1885. 

IM  A  PIDPIll  AD  issued  to  the  Trade  on  the  5ih  uist., 
jlM  A  tlnliULAK  „e  intimated  that  our  Mr.  Viccars 
Collyer — now  in  America — has  been  informed  by  the  raiser  of 
this  maenificent  variety  (Irom  whom  our  stock  has  been 
secureo),  '  that  it  Itfis  come  to  his  knmvLdge  that  some 
America7t  houses  havwR  purcha'ed  a  few  hunareds  of  his 
stock  are  sending  out  Wilson's  Early  \ivUh  a  /nu  "  IVilson 
Jiinr.'  mixed  as  Wilson  Junr.  (true)  representing  their 
stick  as  coming  Jrorn  him,"  and  o&eiing  fame  at  a  much 
cheaper  rate  than  Wilson  Junr.  could  possibly  be  sold. 
I  W  r  A  C  C  ^"y  °'  '■^''^  should  l-ave  found  their  way  to  this 
111     OMoL    country  we.  in  duty  to  our  patrons  as  well  as 

rn"  -1  VoT    TUCCC     so-called  Wilson  Junr.  (true)  Mr. 

lU  I  to  I  I  ntot  Collyer  has  purchased  a  (ew  repre- 
sei  ted  as  such  at  a  much  cheaper  rate  than  he  has  paid  (or  the 
r..iser's  slock,  so  that  if  there  shoi  11  be  any  who  ate  willing  10 
run  the  ri>k  (or  would  like  to  compare)  they  can  have  ihem  at 
the  reduced  price  as  paid,  and  as  qu.t^d  below.     These  we  are 

..,,: :k   No.    2. 


all 
vill    therefore    be 


what 


3  be 


IN  EVERY  CASE  co"nS,y°' ' 

orders  fiom  the  raiser's  own  stock— viz  , 
I  he   stocks  to  all    ii.teQding    puicha 
ofTired  as  follows  :- 

STOCK  NO.  li  the  true  stock,  and  which  was  secured 
upon  the  very  ground  of  the  raiser.  Our  patrons  may  therefore 
purchase  these  wuhout  any  lisk  whatever.  Price,  ij.  id  each, 
las.  per  dozen.  85^.  per  tco.  Special  puce  per  loco 
cm  1/  Mn  O  This  is  the  stock  bought  elsewhere  at 
oIUjK  NUiZ.  a  lower  price  and  represented  10  \,tt 
Wilson  Junr.  (irue)  but  which,  of  course,  a  ler  ihe  laiset's 
wirnu.g  we  certainly  do  not  recommend:  these  are  s  mply 
I  rierrd  at  the  lovier  pric;  tow  asked— viz.,  is.  each,  lor. 
per  dozen,  75^,  per  100.  j      r    n 

.  .>       .  1.1    .      nr    nr»n\/     about    end    of    Oc- 

t'lAiMlS     WILL    BE    READY     ,„ber,  but  we  womd 
Solicit  your  order  irrrmediately  if  pos-sible,   and   thereby  ensure 

W^SHALL  bT'pLeTsED  '"d  '^U^ 

applicaiion,  a  large  illustration  (i..ken  from  a  photographlol  this 

magnificent  fruit.  .  ■   1  ,,  iff  o-rani-ementS 

Uwing  to  our  central  position  and  special  taritt  atraneemenis 
we  are  Inabled  to  krward  all  orders  carnage  paid  to  any  part  of 
ihe  United  Kingdom.  Assuring  you  that  all  orders  entrusted 
to  us  shall  command  our  very  best  care  and  prompt  attention,— 
We  remain,  Vouis  obediently, 

VICCARS  COLLYER  &  CO,, 

Central   Hall,  Leicester 

(where  all  Letters  are  to  be  addressed)  ; 

and    CtNTRAL    NURSEKIES,      GLEN  FIELD, 

near    LEICESTER. 

A     n:  CKEirS.  Manaser. 


Tbe  Grand  Kew  NarcUsus. 

"SIR  W    A    T    K    I    N ." 

25.  each,  7is.  per  dozen,  tfoj.  per  toe. 

The  Ltreest  and  huest  known.     Fust-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.    Plant  at  once, 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 

CLAPTON     NURSEKY.     LONDON,      E. 
Buali  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 


led    N 


:ulti' 


s,    Bouvardi..s,    C; 


At   the  abo 
irge    quantities,    «Kalea^,     u 
lanls,  Cyclamen,  Epacris.  Eiica.,  i c.o,  .  .^..„ 
j^ecorarive  Plants  in  variety  :  Fruit  Trees,  Card 
Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  l-lants  in  variety  J  Pal 
K  hododendrons.Roses,  Shrubs.^t 


led.  in  unusually 

"ras.    Climbing 

Flowering  and 


is.Ge 


Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  flants  m  variety  ;  i-ainis.  Pelargoni- 
ums, Khodndendrons.  Roses,  Shrubs,  Stove  Plants  m  variety,  Sc. 
GRCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. —The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  1  f  such  magnitude  that  withoiit  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy 
10  form  an  adequtte  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 
The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  feet  superficial. 


HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 

)rdially  invite  Gentlemen  interested  rn  Hortrcullurr 


STRAWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  41.  per  100.     Plants  in  small  pots.  165   per  ico; 
00.     "Descriptive  LIST  tree. 
ND    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


itio  in  large  pots,  255.  per 
RICHAKD  SMllH  / 
-lerchants,  Worcester. 


CHOICE    IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined.- 
Price  2i.f.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  6if.  to  £4  4s. 


HOSES,  gy.  per  dozen.      A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 

Se/id  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  0/  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  Ss^c ,  to 

E.    J.    J  ARM  AN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD     SOMERSETSHIRE. 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 


WE  offer  an  immense  assortment  of 
Choice  Fliwer  R.iors.  including  .til  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  oi  HYACINTH^.  TULIP-!,  NARCISSI, 
LILIES,  GLADItJLI.  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMt.)- 
NES,  &c  ,  all  at  the  most  moderate  piice.s. 

DANIELS'     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collections — Carriage  Free. 
FOR     OUTDOOE     DECORATION. 

No.  I.  Containing  1573  Selected  Rools      ..  ..li     ^    o 


FOR  GREENHOUSE  OR  CONSERVATORY. 

No.  5.  Contiiiiuig    963  Sthcted  Roots      ..  .  .  ;Ct     4 

..     o  „  t'9''        ,.  ..  ..  -.3     3 


FOE    POTS.    WINDOW-BOXES,    &C. 

No.  10.  Containing  771  Selected  Roots      ..  .,  £1 


370 


These  collections  are  carefil'ly  arranged,  and  are  made 
upfrom  sound  picked  roots  ni.ly  ;  will  be  found  the  cheapest 
and  best  assortmtn-s  ever  offered 

Beiulrfully  Illu.trated  CATALOGUE  of  Chiice  F'ower- 
Roots.  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberry  Plants,    &c.,  free  011 
application. 
DWARF   ROSES    Hybrid  Perpetual,  in  sileriHi.l  variety, 

fine  plants,  per  doz.,  ics.  6j.  ;  per  loc,  63J.   Cartirgc  fiee. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

BU7,B    MERCHAATS    and   NURSERYHEN, 
NORWICH. 


©lOCsUbiislui.-inn::;-;::;-:;::::::?:::!!::! 

—  (Koo^0, — 

SVFkRB    QUALITY.         \ 

The  iJifkof  3)oII;mb.  [ 

Priies  very  moderate.         \ 

jfrcc  IDdivcrlcs.   [ 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE| 

( niustrnled).  | 

Reliable  alumiia.  AdJress  in  full—  \ 

R^p.DlGK,S0N(?5S0NS,| 

Ube  Queen's  Seedsmen,    "•  \ 

GHESfpEF?.    I 


CUTBUSH'S     BULBS 

Are  noted  throughout  the  United  Kingdom  as  being 

cnly  of  the  very  finest  description.     The  Bulbs  ate 

this  year  exceptionally  6ne. 


Crocus,  Ctiolcest. 


SclUa  slbirica. 

Extra    ^i«d     Bull". 


LUy  of  the  VaUey. 

lumiis.  15J   per  Uiien. 
3erlin  Crowns.  81.  per  io< 


Early  Roman  Hyaclnthi 


Liouble  Tulips. 

;holcest  sorts,  by  nan 


Jonquils,  Finest. 


CUTCUSHS  "MILLTRACK"  MUSHROOM  SPAWN 

J  he  only  true  "  Milltrack"  spawn  made. 

It  goes  as  far  as  2  bushels  of  any  other  manufacture. 

Used  once  always  used.     All  Grow.ra  say  the  best  spawn 

tn  the  Market.      Price,  ds.  per  bushel  ;  bd.  per  cake,  tree 

p?r  parcel  post,  ir.     


WM.  CUTBUSH  &  SON  (Limited), 

HIGHG.^TE    NURSERIES,  LONDON,  N- 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


389 


BULBS 


For  List  of  Contents    see 

Webbs'   Bulb  Catalogue, 


For  OUTDOOR  DECORATION, 


Webbs'  C.  1  eciion  A  c 
Webbs'  Colleclioii  B  c 
Webb,' foUection  Cc 
Webbs'  Collection  Dc 
Webbs'  Colleclion  K  c 
Webbs' CoPeci  ion  Fc 
Webbs'  Colleciion  G  c 
Webbs' Collection  He 


12S3  Bulbs 
68)  Bulbs 
454  Bulbs 
315  Bulbs 
2C3  Bulbs 
114  Bulbs 


For  GHEENHOUSE  DECORATION. 


Webbs'  Colle. 
Webbs'  Collection  T.  c 
Webbs'  Co'  ec  inn  M  c 
Webbs'  Collection  N  c 


461  Bulbs 
26-.  Bulbs 
207  Bulbs 
134  Bulbs 
96  Bulhs 
t.Q  Bulbs 


.-;//  BULBS  are  Delivered  Free  by  Po>t  or  Ruil. 
5  per  cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


TEA  AND  NOISETTE   ROSES. 

Prices  and  full  particulars  on  application. 
GENERAL  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE 

of  Rcses  for  Autumn,  itSs,  now  in  course  of  preparation. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA    VIEW    NURSRRIES,     HAVANT,     HANTS. 


JERSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 


^^S^J      If--—-..  _j^ 

.^V^  .ILLlISTRATEDCATALOClJCS  i 

-JOSHUAiECORNU^SON, 


PFARC APPLES.  PLUMS.  &c.,  iSi.  per  do 

rCMnO         Espalier  trained.   245.  per  dozen 

pncpC Magnificent  Bushes,  9;.  per  dozen. 

IIUULO       Standards,  strong,  15J.  per  dozen. 
Cash  Orders  most  libcraiiy  treated. 


HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUS, 

And  other  Bulbs  of  superior  qualify- 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W, 

VEITCH'S    CHOICE 
EXHIBITION  HYACINTHS 

Selected  from  J.  V.  &  Sons'  Magnificent  Prize  Groups. 

At  123.  per  dozen. 


VEITCH'S  CHOICE  NAMED  HYACINTHS 

For    POTS    or    GLASSES. 


6a.,  83.,  and  lOs.  per  dozen. 


NARCISSUS. 

THE    FINEST  and  MOST    liEAUTIFUL    VARIETIES. 
Is.  6d,  to  73   6d  per  dozen 

VEITCH'S    CHOICE    TULIPS 

(SINGLE  and   DOUBLE    VARIETIES) 

For  FORCING,  POT  CULTURE  or  PL.-iNTING. 

From  Qs.  6d.  to  103.  6d.  per  100. 

CHOICE     NAMED      CROCUS, 

In  Distinct  Shades  of  Colour. 

From  23.  6d  to  43  6d.  per  100. 

For  particulars  of  above  and  other  Bulbs  for  Forcing,  Pot 
Culture,  or  Planting,  see  CATALOGUE,  forwarded  gratis  and 
post-free  on  application. 

ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 

HERMAN  BUDDENBORG,  Bulb 
Grower.  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BUDDENBORG  Btos.).  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  btitain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  s.ime  patrohat^e  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusted to  him  for  so  manv  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LlbTS  of  his  Commercial  Fnends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  IJ. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

iv.   Rare,    and  Choice 

Descriptive  •'  List  of  Hardy  North  American  Ferns."  free. 

W.   &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NUBSEKT,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  ot  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Now  being  sent  out  at  ys.  6d.   and  \os.  6d.  each. 
Cask  or  reference. 


CHARLES  NOBLE,  BAGSHOT. 


harden  erfj^^ltri}nicle» 

SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    26,    1885. 


MONTSERRAT. 

IF  mortals  were  allowed  to  make  their  own 
heaven  in  their  own  way,  Montserrat  would 
be  mine.  Pardon,  courteous  reader,  this 
egoistical  sentence  ;  it  shall  be  the  only  one. 
The  present  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  who  visited  this 
fairy  dwelling  when  it  was  left  to  crumble  into 
ruin  by  "Vathek"  Beckford,  says,  in  the  record 
of  his  travels,  that  the  view  of  forest  scenery  to 
be  obtained  from  the  library  window  transcends 
the  power  of  the  imagination.  The  ridge  of 
Our  Lady  of  Montserrat  was  also  the  the  vantage 
point  from  which  Byron  wrote  his  well-known 
description  of  Cintra,  beginning,  "  Lo  Cintra's 
glorious  Eden  intervenes."  The  property, 
before  having  the  extreme  good  fortune  to  be 
purchased  by  Mr.  Francis  Cook,  of  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard,  belonged  to  the  noble  and  chival- 
rous Portuguese  family  of  De  Castro.  Romance 
is  introduced  into  the  history  of  their  ownership 
from  the  three  frustrated  efibrts  which  were 
made  in  the  wane  of  last  century  by  the  Governor 
of  Goa  to  reach  his  hereditary  property.  Go- 
vernors of  provinces  have,  ever  since  the  days  of 
ancient  Rome,  been  too  often  under  suspicion 
rather  than  above  it.  But  this  De  Castro, 
like  his  celebrated  ancestor,  Don  John,  was 
sans  ref>roche.  He  thought  to  return  home  to 
Montserrat,  there  to  finish  his  course.  But  the 
Lord  of  sea  and  land  willed  otherwise.  A  lease 
of  the  property  for  twenty  years  was  taken  by 
a  rich  Brazilian  diamond  merchant,  named  De 
Visme.  It  was  not  the  wish  of  the  Lisbon 
Court  that  both  the  man  and  his  money 
should  leave  their  fair  realm.  He  built  a 
house  on  the  site  of  the  present  one,  taking 
down  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady  of  Montserrat, 
and  rebuilding  it  hard  by,  on  the  side  of  the 
serra.  Beckford,  travelling  in  Portugal,  was 
so  struck  with  admiration,  when  he  saw  the 
matchless  position  of  the  house  and  its  grand 
scenic  environment,  that  he  took  on  the  lease 
from  the  Brazilian  merchant.  He  planned  and 
altered  in  .his  usual  infinite  style,  and  left  an 
undying  monument  of  his  sojourn  in  the  water- 
fall which  he  constructed  out  of  a  mountain 
stream.  Disgusted  when  he  found  the  absent 
owner  steadfast  in  his  refusal  to  sell,  be  the 
offer  never  so  tempting,  he  thrust  from  his 
mind  all  future  interest  in  the  place,  and  re- 
turned to  England  and  built  Fonthill.  The 
date  of  Byron's  visit  was  1810,  and  the  date  of 
the  purchase  of  the  property  by  Mr.  Cook  1855. 
Mr.  Cook,  who  has  travelled  far  and  wide, 
unhesitatingly  declares  that  his  present  home  is 
the  only  place  that  ever  tempted  him  to  follow 
the  pursuit  of  gardening  out  of  England.  He 
saw  from  the  outset  what  the  delight  of  it  would 
be  in  such  a  temperature,  how  wide  a  scope 
for  variety  in  vegetation  he  would  have  at 
his  feet,  and  what  the  possibilities  were,  in 
such  a  position,  to  a  landscape  gardener  who 
was  a  child  of  Nature,  not  of  art.  In  De 
Visme's  tenure,  when  the  prospect,  from 
whatever  then  took  the  place  of  the  south 
portico,  had  for  a  foreground  Orange  quin- 
tas  or  gardens,  such  as  may  be  seen  occupy- 
ing the  land  that   trends   downward  from  the 


390 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  26,  18 


neighbouring  villa  of  the  Duke  of  Cadabal, 
there  was  no  doubt  much  that  was  beautiful  ; 
but  to  see  the  same  foreground  now,  one  would 
say  that  it  could  only  have  been  beautiful  on 
the  principle  of  bene  qui  latet,  bene  vivit. 
There  can  be  few,  if  any,  places  that 
have  had  the  same  thought  bestowed  upon 
them  as  Montserrat.  Its  owner  resides 
here  in  November  (one  of  the  best  months  to 
visit  Portugal),  the  greater  part  of  April  and 
June,  and  the  whole  of  May.  During  this 
period  he  gives  his  whole  mind  up  to  his  estate. 
It  seems  perfect,  but  in  his  eyes  there  is  often 
some  little  detail  or  arrangement  that  is  faulty 
or  which  might  be  improved,  however  flaw- 
less and  harmonious  it  may  seem  to  others. 
Such  and  such  a  tree  has  outgrown  the  limits 
that  can  be  given  it,  or  something  in  its  rear 
has  developed  unthought  of  beauties.  Though 
that  tree  may  have  been  very  dear  in  the  past, 
yet  it  must  go.  In  fact,  to  the  amateur,  who  is 
worthy  of  the  name,  there  is  no  end  to  the  im- 
provements he  may  learn  from  the  contem- 
plation of  his  garden.  Fresh  sensations  accom- 
pany each  day,  all  momentary,  may  be  ;  but  not 
a  week  passes  without  Nature  affording  some- 
thing to  be  written  away  in  the  mind's  diary. 
Again,  Mr.  Cook  is  always  adding  to  his  stock 
of  plants  ;  at  first  he  planted  at  a  venture,  now 
he  knows  pretty  well  what  the  winds  and  his 
other  enemies  will  allow  him  to  grow.  Pahns 
and  Cycads  are  mingled  with  the  singular  vege- 
tation of  Mexico.  Tree  Ferns  elbow  Camellias, 
Ipomcoas  and  Bougainvilleas  cover  entire  walls, 
and  Tacsonias  overpower  tall  trees  with  their 
rank  luxuriance.  If  the  expression  may  be 
allowed  for  the  nonce,  the  valley  between  the 
■palacio  and  the  dense  wooded  slopes  of  the 
serra  may  well  be  called  by  English  tongues  a 
vast  open-air  greenhouse. 

Vegetation  in  Portugal  seems  to  increase  in 
dimensions  ahnost  with  tropical  celerity.  Mr. 
Crawford,  in  his  Portugal,  Old  and  New, 
effectually  disposes  of  the  oft-repeated  state- 
ment that  this  staunch  little  kingdom  is  behind 
the  rest  of  Europe.  He  shows  how  the  people 
are  animated  with  as  fine  a  sense  of  patriotism, 
and  uprightness  in  their  social  relations,  as 
other  nations.  And  to-day  the  people  are  under 
as  equable  a  government,  both  for  the  individual 
and  the  state,  as  any  other  European  nation.  It 
is  as  well,  perhaps,  that  they  do  not  see  the  need 
of  hurry  and  break-neck  competition.  Their 
land  will  produce  the  same  crops  year  after 
year  without  steam  cultivators  ;  and  although 
their  carts,  ploughs,  and  eiras  (threshing  floors) 
are  as  simple  in  construction  as  those  of  Roman 
colonists,  there  is  no  agricultural  depression. 
Doubtless  with  their  advantages  they  ought  to 
be  a  wealthier  nation  ;  but  wealth  is  not  happi- 
ness. That  they  are  behind  the  age  in  botanical 
pursuits  can  admit  of  no  question,  and  it  is  only 
recently,  owing  in  great  measure  to  what  Mr. 
Cook,  whom  the  King  has  made  a  visconde, 
has  done  at  Montserrat,  and  men  like  Comte 
Fricalho,  that  thinking  men  have  awoke  from 
their  supineness.  Eucalypti  planted  twenty 
years  ago  have  now  matured  into  imposing 
trees.  Incredible  as  it  may  seem,  a  Cupressus 
macrocarpa,  eleven  years  planted,  has  developed 
at  the  Villa  Pombal  (near  Montserrat)  a  girth 
of  9  feet. 

These  two  examples  will  explain  how  Mr. 
Cook  has  been  able  to  form  in  thirty  years  a 
garden  which  anybody  ignorant  of  the  rapidity 
of  vegetable  growth  in  this  climate  would  put 
down  as  the  work  of  two  lifetimes.  The  climate 
of  South  Portugal,  given  irrigation,  is  as  favour- 
able (or  even  more  so)  for  the  growth  of  what 
rare  John  Parkinson  would  call  "  outlandish  " 
flowers,  shrubs,  and  trees  as  any  in  Europe. 
Considering  their  intercourse  with  Brazil  and 
India,  it  is  curious  that  the  Portuguese  have  not 
made  a  better  use  of  their  opportunities.  What 
can  be  expected  from  a  people  so  heedless  of 
sanitary  arrangements  ? — some  one  will  say. 


The  matter  of  irrigation  is  all-important. 
The  lawn  is  the  greatest  feature  of  the  English 
flower  garden,  and  of  the  grounds  surrounding 
the  house.  The  lawn  at  Montserrat  is  said  to 
be  the  only  one  in  South  Portugal,  and  goes 
far  to  form  the  unique  grandeur  of  the  place. 
It  is  only  maintained  by  constant  irrigation. 
An  excellent  system  has  been  devised  and 
carried  out.  Reservoirs  are  formed  in  two  or 
three  places  on  the  side  of  the  serra,  so  as  to 
be  fed  by  the  mountain  watercourses.  The 
water  is  conducted  thence  into  the  gardens 
by  artificial  channels,  the  tops  of  the  walls 
being  invariably  utilised  for  the  purpose.  A 
secondary  system  of  tanks  and  reservoirs  is 
then  formed,  from  which  the  shallow  courses, 
so  constructed  that  the  water  may  overflow 
and  trickle  over  the  lawn,  are  supplied. 
The  stream,  which  is  made  to  descend  by 
a  series  of  falls  through  the  Valley  of  the 
Tree  Ferns,  and  then  to  flow  past  the  bases 
of  the  lawns,  is  also  supplied  from  an  asse: 
grand  reservoir  near  the  CoUares  high  road. 
The  necessity  of  irrigation  both  for  the  above 
purpose  and  for  the  Orange  and  Lemon 
quintas  can  well  be  seen  by  ascending  the 
ramparts  of  the  Moorish  castle  above  quaint 
and  picturesque  Cintra.  This  frowning  keep, 
which,  if  not  so  strong  as  the  fortress  at  San- 
tarem,  would  yet  require  a  lion-hearted  leader 
like  Alfonso  Henrique  to  capture,  commands 
the  country  northward  to  Torres  Vedras  and 
the  Escurial  at  Mafra  (Portugal's  Escurial). 
Even  in  the  early  days  of  May  the  land  seems 
parched  by  the  torrid  glare  of  the  sun. 

The  view  that  accompanies  this  notice  (fig.  87, 
p.  401)  is  taken  on  the  south  side  oi  \h^  palacio, 
from  near  the  brook  which  hurtles  along  at  the 
foot  of  the  steep  lawn.  The  ground  rises  just  as 
sharply  on  the  other  side — grass  at  first,  then 
Cork  woods,  with  a  thick  undergrowth,  locally 
termed  iita/a ;  afterwards  Pine  woods,  which 
grow  thinner  towards  the  summit  of  the  serra, 
some  1500  feet  above  the  sea-level.  An  infinite 
number  of  paths  and  tracks  are  cut  through  the 
tiiata.  Very  pleasant  it  is  to  wander  among  the 
lavish  profusion  of  Nature.  The  Cork  trees 
are  lichened  and  covered  with  Ferns— each 
tree  from  its  peculiar  ramification  a  picturesque 
object.  The  undergrowth  is  composed  of  Ar- 
butus, Laurustinus,  the  flowers  of  which 
here  are  without  any  pink  flush  ;  Broom — 
Golden  Shower  the  natives  call  it ;  Butcher's 
Broom,  Scrub  Oak,  Ivy,  Periwinkle,  Solomon's 
Seal,  and  Bracken.  Magnificent  views  over 
the  grounds,  or[down  the  vale  of  the  river  Varzea 
to  the  sea  can  be  obtained  at  the  openings. 
Its  tangled,  devious  ways  are  the  best  offset 
possible  to  the  orderly  />aradisus  in  sole  below. 

"  Our  Mata  much  we  love,  sith  Nature  here 
Luxuriant  reigneth  empress,  rules  of  art 
Waving  from  her  dominions  dear 
Willi  smiling  gesture." 

The  ridge  on  which  the  palacio  is  standing  is 
formed  by  the  serra  thrusting  out  a  huge  above- 
ground  root,  trending  westward  on  its  northern 
flank,  and  separated  from  it  bya  deep  ravine.  The 
rich  black  mould  washed  down  from  the  heights 
and  accumulated  at  the  foot,  often  to  a  depth  of 
10  feet,  makes  this  sheltered  caiion  luxuriantly 
fertile.  A  path  cut  off  from  the  grounds  by  an 
arch-enwove  balustrade  of  exquisite  design  sur- 
rounds the  ^^(j&t'/o.  By  following  this  path  an 
idea  is  obtained  of  the  extent  of  the  place. 
The  time  of  my  description  is  the  spring,  when 
the  May  sunshine  fondles  the  May  leaves. 

From  an  anticipatory  remark  the  reader  will 
know  that  the  immediate  ground  on  the  south 
is  a  stretch  of  greensward  deepening  to  a 
sinuous  brook,  and  that  the  opposing  acclivity 
is  prolonged  to  the  saw-like  peaks  of  the  serra. 
As  seen  from  our  standpoint  there  are  three 
peaks.  Two  are  massive  uprisings  of  ashen- 
grey  rock,  broken  up  by  dark-shadow  rifts  and 
projecting  points.  The  third  is  mound-like,  and 


covered  with  brown,  sage-green  and  yellowing 
grasses,  varied  by  bouldery  groups  of  scattered 
rock.  To  the  right  Pine  woods  venture  to  the 
summit,  and  seem  to  touch  the  sky.  This  is 
a  fair-weather  picture,  when  every  object  is 
bathed  in  sunny  radiance.  On  the  morrow, 
maybe,  the  whole  scene  will  be  changed,  and 
the  swirling  smoke  of  cloudland  will  be  drifting 
rapidly,  angry  from  opposition,  along  the  brow. 
Turning  half-face  to  the  right,  the  specalor  sees 
the  azure  glimmer  of  the  restless  sea  beyond  the 
sandy  lowland  of  CoUares,  where  soon  the  vine- 
yards will  rival  the  verdurous  tints  of  the  pro- 
tecting Pine  woods.  Across  the  valley  is 
a  Sweet  Chestnut  wood protrudingits  tender  leaf- 
age from  ruddy  buds.  Such  is  the  background. 
Slightly  to  the  left,  at  close  quarters,  is  an 
aspiring  Thuia  Lobbii,  over  80  feet  high  — 
probably  the  best  in  Europe.  Behind  is  the 
dark  foliage  of  a  wide-spreading  Eugenia  lati- 
folia,  30  feet  high,  and  an  almost  equally  tall 
Metrosideros  robusta.  The  Eugenia  is  11  feet 
in  girth  at  the  height  of  a  foot,  and  is  furnished 
with  six  large  arms  and  with  roots  protruding 
from  the  branches  somewhat  like  a  Banyan. 

Immediately  in  front  the  lawn  slopes  down  to 
a  group  of  giant  Araucarias  (the  dimensions  of 
which  will  be  given  hereafter),  each  a  model  of 
symmetry — excelsa  the  antithesis  of  Bidwilli,  in 
shade  of  green  ;  above  them  is  a  peculiarly 
graceful  Deodar,  and  beyond,  a  group  of 
Eucalypts  covered  with  white  inflorescence.  By 
the  brookside  is  another  Araucaria  brasiliensis, 
with  a  Muhlenbeckia  complexa  hiding  its 
straggly  growth.  Suitable  plants,  among  them 
Callas,  Bamboos,  the  Papyrus,  and  Strelitzias, 
garnish  the  waterside.  To  the  right  a  large 
Cupressus  macrocarpa,  17  feet  6  inches  in 
girth  at  2  feet  up  the  trunk,  spreads  out  like  an 
ancient  Oak— the  lower  tier  of  br.anches  are  cut 
away  so  as  to  show  the  willowy  foliage  of  a  tall 
Eucalyptus  viminifolia  and  the  ever  varying 
tints  of  the  valley,  in  April  gay  by  reason  of 
the  light  purple  of  the  Judas  trees,  and  the 
scarlet,  mauve,  and  pink  of  the  Rhododendrons. 
On  the  west  side  of  the  terrace  the  limit  of  the 
grounds  is  circumscribed  by  tall  Pinus  in 
signis  and  Eucalypti,  to  which  there  is  an  easy 
fall  of  the  lawn.  North-eastward  the  eye  is 
allowed  an  unrestricted  prospect,  and  follows 
the  meanderings  of  the  river  Varzea  to  Apple 
Bay,  where  it  delivers  Earth's  tribute  to 
Oceanus.  Although  4  miles  off  the  altitude  is 
such  that  few  of  the  ever-variant  features  of  the 
sea  are  lost.  When  the  Lusitanian  sun  is  high 
in  heaven  the  arrowy  eft'ulgence  merges  into  a 
violet  haze  at  the  junction  with  the  opalescent 
tints  of  the  ether.  The  river's  course  lies 
through  quintas,  "  teeming  with  their  fruitage 
golden,"  and  vineyards.  The  near  reaches  are 
lined  with  Loquats  and  Oleanders.  A  varie 
gated  Pittosporum  Tobira  comes  close  up  to 
the  balustrade  with  offerings  of  fair  fragrant 
white  flowers.  A  little  farther  olif,  placed  so  as  not 
to  obstruct  the  view,  two  graceful  and  pendulous 
Cedars  of  Goa  relieve  any  monotony  the  lawn 
might  have  had  on  this  side  in  a  charming  way. 
Northward  the  declivity  is  abrupt,  but  still 
mantled  with  tree  growth,  in  which  everywhere 
the  emerald  leafage  of  the  deciduous  trees 
relieves  the  more  sable  plumage  of  the  Pines, 
Coiks,  and  Eucalypti.  At  the  foot  of  the 
steep  are  some  Orange  and  Olive  groves,  and 
then  the  campo  rolls  away  to  the  famous  lines 
of  Torres  Vedras,  which  form  the  horizon. 
Scattered  over  the  plain  at  frequent  intervals 
are  the  whitewashed  houses  of  the  peasantry. 
Still  keeping  his  ground,  but  looking  eastward, 
why  is  the  onlooker  so  entranced .''  Simply 
because  here  he  has  some  of  the  most  perfect 
woodland  and  mountain  scenery  combined  that 
can  be  seen  in  Europe.  The  side  of  the  serra 
is  broken  up  by  deep  fissures,  and  everywhere 
large  masses  and  pinnacles  of  lichened  rock,  with 
all  their  pearly-grey  tones  and  silvery  tints,  peer 
from  among  the  Corks,  Pines,  and  Goas.   This  is 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


391 


only  one  aspect.  To  describe  the  whole  ade- 
quately, from  the  tree-embowered  villas  nestling 
at  the  foot,  to  the  airily  climbing  peaks  of  the 
summit,  would  be  impossible.  Some  idea  of 
the  beauty  can  be  formed  if  the  riven  nature  of 
the  serra's  flank,  which  a  slight  bend  to  the 
northward  makes  visible,  and  the  great  variety 
of  the  trees,  be  considered.  Who  has  not  wan- 
dered through  a  Cintra  Cork  wood  has  missed 
one  of  the  fairest  boons  of  Nature. 

"  And  time-worn  Cork  tree  everywhere 
Wreathes  his  twisted  branches  there 
High  and  hoary. 
Ancient  benefactor  pure, 
How  he  nurseih,  pleased,  secure, 
That  living  feathery  garniture 
Of  saucy  Ferns  that  climb  his  head. 
Fairy  sprung,  they  deck  him  o'er 
With  such  wealth  of  beauty's  store. 
That,  quite  forgot  his  lengthy  reign. 
He  smiles  in  joyous  youth  again." 

The  Pena,  whilom  an  old  convent,  now  a 
regal  residence,  crowns  with  its  cupolas  one  of 
the  loftiest  points  of  the  serra,  the  terminal 
ridge  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  ruined 
Moorish  castle.  Five  or  si.\  villas,  with  their 
quintas,  seem  to  form  steps  on  the  way  to  it  ; 
no  wonder  Cintra  is  a  popular  place  wherein  to 
spend  the  vilUgiatura. 

On  the  east  side  is  the  main  entrance,  which 
is  approached  by  a  broad  carriage-drive  over- 
•  arched  with  trees.  From  the  south-east  corner 
of  the  terrace  there  is  the  best  view  of  Beck- 
ford's  Falls  ;  from  the  highest  fall  to  the  foot  of 
the  glen  would  be  a  distance  of  500  feet.  Front 
the  /in/ai-w  only  the  upper  series  are  to  be  seen. 
The  stream  comes  out  from  below  two  Stone 
Pines  placed  among  the  Cork  woods.  The 
water  with  one  bound  leaps  from  a  plane  of 
rock  into  a  little  tarn,  out  of  which  it  hurries 
down  a  steep  rock-hindered  course  to  make 
another  venturous  plunge.  The  crystal  rain  is 
seen  through  the  foliage  of  waving  Tree  Ferns  ; 
a  bed  of  high  shrubs  and  the  trees  planted  to 
shield  the  Ferns  from  the  sun,  hide  the  lower 
fall.  It  is  the  fairest  scene  of  this  fairyland  :  any- 
thing grander  in  landscape  gardening,  either  in 
idea  or  e,xecution,  has  not  been  accomplished. 
Although  the  original  idea  was  Beckford's,  it 
was  the  exquisite  taste,  loving  care,  and  true 
sense  of  beauty  of  Mr.  Cook  that  has  brought 
about  the  present  incomparable  result.  C.  yl.  M. 
Carinichael. 

(/•o  be  contiiuml.-) 


t«j  mm^n  flhiii^. 


CYRTANTHUS  HYBRIDA,  N.  E.  Brn.  hyb. 
From  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  I  have  just  received  an 
interesting  hybrid  raised  from  seed  of  Cyrtanlhus 
(Gastronema)  sanguineus  var.  flammeus,  fertilised  by 
the  pollen  of  Vallota  purpurea.  In  habit  the  plant 
very  much  resembles  Vallota  purpurea,  the  leaves, 
however,  are  rather  narrower  and  slightly  more  acute. 
The  umbels  are  several-flowered  {6-flowered  in  the 
plant  seen),  the  flowers  are  like  those  of  'Vallota 
except  that  the  perianth-tube  is  bent  forward  and 
rather  abruptly  dilated  in  the  throat,  instead  of  being 
erect  and  funnel-shaped,  and  the  segments  are  rather 
narrower,  but  are  not  revolute,  as  in  the  seed-pro- 
ducing parent.  The  stamens  are  short,  not  exserted 
beyond  the  tube,  and  the  upper  ones  curved  down- 
wards, exactly  as  in  Cyrtanlhus  sanguineus.  There 
are  two  varieties  of  colour  in  the  batch  of  seedlings, 
in  one  the  flowers  are  bright  rosy-carmine,  in  the 
other  bright  light  orange-scarlet,  nearly  the  same  as 
that  of  the  seed-producing  parent.  The  seeds  were 
sown  in  November,  1S83,  so  that  the  plant  quickly 
arrives  at  flowering  maturity.  It  is  not  a  better  plant 
from  an  ornamental  point  of  view  than  'Vallota  pur- 
purea, but  the  variation  in  colour  will  make  it  useful 
to  mingle  with  that  plant  for  an  effective  contrast. 
All  the  seedlings,  I  am  informed,  have  not  flowered 


yet,  so  it  is  just  posiible  ihit  another  colour  variation 
may  appear  among  them. 

I  think  this  plant  can  scarcely  be  claimed  as  an 
example  of  a  hybrid  between  two  distinct  genera,  but 
rather  as  proving  a  view  that  I  have  held  for  some 
time,  viz.,  that  Cyrtanlhus  and  Vallota  are  not  really 
distinct  genera,  but  merely  dilferent  types  of  form 
belonging  to  the  same  genus,  just  as  one  finds  in 
many  other  genera,  as,  for  example,  in  Rhododen- 
dron, Lilium,  Erica,  Genliana,  Pelargonium,  &c. 
.V.  E.  Brown,  A'c-u: 

LEPTACTINA  TETRALOBA,  .V.   /:'.  Br.,  H.  Sp. 

Leptactina  is  a  small  genus  of  KubiaceK,  the  species 
being  natives  of  Tropical  Africa,  the  present  plant 
being  the  tir»t  that  has  been  introduced  into  European 
gardens.  It  was  sent  to  Kew  by  Mr.  Hannington  from 
Kwa  Chiropa,  Usagara  Mountains,  East  Tropical 
Africa. 

As  grown  at  Kew  it  forms  a  neat  little  bushy  shrub, 
with  leaves  2^  to  7  inches  long,  J  to  if  inch  broad, 
oblanceolate,  cuneately  narrowed  from  about  the 
middle  to  the  acutish  base,  apex  somewhat  acute,  light 
shining  green,  minutely  pellucid  dotted,  glabrous, 
with  the  margins  and  the  edges  of  the  \  to  J  inch  long 
petioles  ciliate  with  short  hairs  directed  forwards,  the 
midrib  and  veins  of  the  younger  leaves  also  have 
similar  hairs.  Stipules  erect,  ovate  acute,  carinate, 
green,  glabrous.  Flower  solitary,  sessile,  terminal. 
Calyx  lobes  erect,  linear  oblong  acute,  .^  inch  long, 
I  line  broad,  green,  gum-exuding  towards  the  base, 
with  very  minute  apiculate  papillx  {scarcely  hairs)  on 
their  stout  midrib.  Corolla  white,  hypocratetiform, 
covered  outside  with  minute  apiculate  papilire,  inside 
hairy  in  the  tube,  glabrous  on  the  lobes  ;  tube  Ij  inch 
long,  slender,  slightly  dilated  above,  and  with  four 
small  protuberances  near  the  top,  corresponding  to  the 
places  where  the  anthers  are  inserted  ;  lobes  four, 
oblong  obtuse,  I  inch  long  at  their  base,  and  alternat- 
ing with  them  are  (our  filiform  processes,  I  line  long 
(coronal  appendages).  Anthers  included,  linear,  5 
lines  long,  peltately  attached  in  the  throat  of  the 
corolla  by  exceedingly  short  filaments,  which  support 
them  at  one-third  below  their  apex.  Style  thickened 
and  hairy  in  the  upper  part ;  stigma  twodobed. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  L.  heinsioides, 
Hiern,  but  seems  to  be  clearly  distinguished  by  its 
solitary  flowers,  and  four-lobed  corolla  ;  the  fdiform 
coronal  appendages  also  do  not  appear  to  be  present 
in  L.  heinsioides,  but  the  solitary  specimen  of  that 
sfecies  at  Kew  is  very  fragmentary,  and  has  but  one 
flower,  which  I  do  not  like  to  dissect,  but  no  trace  of 
them  can  be  seen  in  this  flower  where  the  sinuses  are 
exposed  to  view.  The  plant  appears  likely  to  prove 
quite  as  ornamental  as  a  Gardenia.  N.  E.  Brown. 

ZVGOPETAI.UM  KLABOCHIt,  n.  sp.,  Rchb.  f.  MS. 
18S0.* 

A  fine  Kefersteinia,  with  larger  whitish-ochre  coloured 
sepals  and  petals.  Lip  pure  white,  neatly  denticulate, 
fringed,  blunt  at  the  top,  reflexed  in  the  middle,  full  of 
purple  spots,  which  are  also  scattered  on  base  of  the 
petals,  on  the  side  sepals,  and  on  the  base  of  the  column, 
though  not  constantly  The  callus  is  rather  narrow, 
ligulate,  bidentate,  sometimes  with  two  obscure  angles 
on  each  side,  one  behind  the  other.  Column  wider  at 
the  top.  The  plant  is  of  New  (Jrenadan  origin,  or,  if 
you  like  better,  from  the  United  Slates  of  Columbia, 
and  most  evidently  first  gathered,  or,  at  least,  sent  by 
Mr.  Edward  Klaboch.  I  have  known  it  since  18S0, 
and  now  I  have  a  fine  specimen  at  hand  from  Mr.  C. 
Dorman,  The  Firs,  Lawrie  Park,  sent  by  Mr.  F. 
Sander.  It  stands  near  Zygopetalum  forcipatum  and 
laminatum.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 


Cham.'erops  humilis  in  the  Jardin  des 
Plantes. — In  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  at  Paris  there 
exists  in  a  large  orangery  a  pair  of  remarkable 
specimens  of  the  dwarf  Fan  I\^Im  (Chamrerops  humi- 
lis). Both  are  male  plants,  and  have  stems  of  about 
30  feet  in  height.  The  labels  bear  the  legend,  "  Given 
to  Louis  XIV.  by  Charles  III.,  Marcgravejof  Baden- 
Dourlach."  Neither  seems  to  have  suffered  at  all 
during  the  siege  in  the  late  Franco-German  war,  when 
a  goodly  number  of  rare  and  interesting  plants  were 
lost. 


*  Zyi^opetnlunt  Klabochii,  n.  sp. — Foliis  lanceis  angustis 
(.'d  s  pott.  longis.  3  fin.  latis)  :  iinifloro  :  sepalis  tepalisque 
Igiilatooblongis  obtuse  aculis,  labello  cuneato  oblongo  retuso 
marginibiis  antrorsum  denticulatis.  c:iUo  in  basi  ligulato  bidcn- 
tato  latcribus  nunc  uniseu  bidenlato  ;  columna  sursum  ampliata. 
Sepala,  tepala,  columna  albo  flavida.  Tepala,  sepala  paria 
nunc  purpurea  pauci  guttata.  Columnae  basis  nunc  etiam  pur- 
pureo  pettata.  Labellum  candidum,  et  supra  Galium,  et  prse- 
terea  bene  purpureo  punclatum.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 


JhE     ^pRCHID    j40UPE. 


In  the  culture  of  Orchids  it  is  necessary  to  "  take 
lime  by  the  forelock."  Djiay  is  in  all  cases  to  be 
avoided.  SjtneUmes  it  is  disastrous  to  the  future 
well-being  ol  the  plants.  We  have  now  begun  to 
clean  ihe  glas?,  and  as  the  plants  have  to  be  removed 
from  the  stages  to  do  this  effectually,  they  are  care- 
fully looked  over  and  cleaned  at  the  same  time.  The 
best  managed  collections  in  the  country  cannot  be  kept 
free  from  ihrips  when  these  troublescrae  insects  are  in 
great  numbers  outside  the  house.  The  same  remaik 
applies  to  green-fly  ;  during  the  month  of  July  ihey 
were  very  numerous,  and  covered  the  clothes  and 
tickled  the  faces  of  passengers  in  the  highway. 

In  such  circumstances  it  is  the  watchful  nervous 
cultivator  that  succeeds.  lie  watches  the  first 
appearance  of  insects  on  his  plants,  and  immediately 
destroys  them.  In  all  cases  fumigation  is  best ;  but 
some  Orchids  cannot  stand  so  much  tobacco-smoke  as 
the  aphis  and  thrips  can.  Catlleyas  can  be  fumigated 
when  Odontoglossum  vexillarium  and  some  other 
easily  injured  Orchids  have  been  removed  from  the 
house.  Angix^cums,  and  the  hothouse  Cypripediums, 
may  be  fumigated,  but  the  Odontoglossum  Roezlii 
will  not  stand  it.  |  On  one  occasion  I  spent  for  twelve 
months  trying  to  kill  red  thrips  on  Angiaecum  sesqui- 
pedale  by  dipping  the  plants,  and  failed  to  cleat  them 
from  the  pest ;  but  it  has  now  been  done  by  fumi- 
gating with  tobacco-smoke. 

These  general  observations  apply  to  all  the  divi- 
sions. Referring  particularly  to  the  East  India  tem- 
perature. In  that  division  the  PhaK-enopsids  are  now 
in  full  growth,  and  throwing  up  their  flower-spikes. 
Some  of  them  are  in  flower,  such  as  P.  violacea,  a 
distinct  and  beautiful  species.  P.  Esmeralda  is  alsO 
beautiful  now  ;  the  flowers  are  not  large,  but  rich  in 
colour.  P.  Sanderiana  is  also  in  flower  now,  and  is 
one  of  the  best  of  the  recently  introduced  species. 
The  distinct  rosy-tinted  flowers  are  quite  charming  ; 
some  have  quite  a  rosy-red  or  rosy-crimson  lint.  The 
most  successful  cultivators  of  PhaKnsnopsis  and  allied 
species  of  Orchids  use  thick  shading,  and  are  careful 
not  to  allow  the  plants  to  get  too  much  sun. 

If  the  plants  of  Odontoglossum  Roezlii  were  not 
potted  in  July  or  August  they  should  be  done  now.  I 
have  always  grown  these  in  the  cool  end  of  the 
warmest  house,  near  the  glass,  and  they  require  more 
sunshine  than  the  Moth  Orchids.  Under  those  con- 
ditions we  have  grown  plants  from  small  bits  in 
thumb-pots  until  they  have  attained  the  dimensions  of 
large  specimens,  with  a  hundred  or  more  flower 
open  at  one  time. 

No  warm  house  should  be  without  the  singular 
looking  Angrxcums,  especially  A.  sesquipedale.  This 
fine  species  is  very  accommodating  in  its  disposition, 
and  will  grow  and  flower  well  either  in  a  light  or  shady 
part  of  the  house.  They  are  now  pushing  out  their 
roots  freely,  and  must  be  encouraged  by  the  roots 
being  kept  moist,  the  surface  sphagnum  to  be  in  a 
healthy  growing  state.  The  smaller-growing  Angrse- 
cums,  such  as  A.  citratum,  and  that  pretty  little 
species  A.  hyaloides  (the  whole  plant,  with  half-a- 
dozen  spikes  on  it,  of  this  last-named  species  may  be 
enclosed  in  a  snuff-box,  and  the  flowers  are  of  the 
purest  while)  should  be  suspended  in  baskets  close  to 
the  roof-glass.  The  flower-spikes  will  soon  be  show- 
ing, and  hanging  the  plants  up  near  the  glass  keeps 
them  out  of  the  reach  of  slugs. 

A  word  in  passing  about  spot  in  Orchids,  although 
it  is  a  long  time  since  I  last  saw  it.  It  may  be  pre- 
vented altogether  by  judicious  airing,  and  careful 
management  of  the  saturation  state  of  the  atmosphere. 
It  is  usual  during  the  summer  months  to  keep  the 
paths  constantly  wet,  but  now  they  are  sprinkled 
twice  a  day  only  :  in  the  morning,  and  the  afternoon 
— about  4  o'clock  is  a  good  time. 

The  Cattleya-house  requires  much  the  same  treat- 
ment as  the  warmest  house  in  respect  to  atmospheric 
moisture.  A  large  proportion  of  the  pseudobulbs  of 
the  Caltleyas  have  completed  their  growth,  but  a 
large  proportion  have  not  done  so  ;  it  is  therefore 
necessary  to  keep  the  house  rather  warmer  than  it 
would  be  necessary  to  do  if  they  had  all  completed 
their  growths.  Those  just  pushing  should  be  placed 
near  the  glass,  and  in  the  lightest  and  warmest  part  of 
the  house.  So  ought  also  the  Lxlia  purpurata  and 
L.  elegans  ;  at  this  time  they  require  a  much  warmer 
atmosphere  than  Cattleyas  ;  65'*  at  night  is  more  suit- 


392 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18S5. 


able  to  Iheit  requitemenis  than  60°.  Many  species  of 
Accidcs  which  succeed  best  in  this  house  are  yet 
growing  freely,  and  must  receive  no  check  to  their 
growth.  Keep  the  sphagnum  in  a  heahhy  growmg 
state,  and  all  will  be  quite  well  with  them.  Of  these 
are  A.  Fieldingii,  A.  crispum,  and  the  allied  species, 
A.  Lindleyana  and  A.  Warneri.  Some  of  these, 
such  as  A.  Lindleyana,  are  amongst  the  most  magni- 
ficent species  of  this  fine  genus,  and  they  succeed 
quite  well  in  an  airy  part  of  the  Cattleya-house.  If 
anything  is  likely  to  get  them  into  bad  health  it  is  the 
system  of  keeping  them  in  a  close  moist  atmosphere 
and  a  high  temperature.  We  have  now  removed  the 
Odontoglossums  that  require  a  warmer  atmosphere  in 
winter  from  the  cool-house  into  this  one.  They  are 
O.  vexillarium,  O.  cirrhosum,  O.  Phala^nopsis,  and  a 
few  Oncidiums,  such  as  O.  incurvum  and  O.  ornitho- 
rhynchum,  the  Masdevallias  Chimrera  and  M, 
Tovaiensis.  Some  of  the  above  will  succeed  in  a 
cool-house  temperature,  but  they  certainly  do  much 
better  in  the  intermediate-house.  It  depends,  of 
course,  what  the  temperatures  are  ;  our  house  is  kept 
about  55°  in  winter,  but' in  cold  weather  the  minimum 
is  frequently  50^,' sometimes  lower.  The  cool-house 
is  45°,  falling  in  cold  weather  to  40°.  The  Vandas  in 
this  house,  such  as  V.  suavis  and  V.  tricolor,  require 
the  same  treatment  as  the  Aerides  ;  and  the  lovely  V. 
cterulea  is  now  pushing  its  flower-spikes  very  freely  in 
a  light  airy  place.    J.  Douglas. 


where  he  carefully  pick'd  off  the  seeds  which  had  stuck 
to  his  robes  ;  he  sow'd  'em  the  same  day,  and  they 
produced  very  beautiful  flowers. 

"  The  g.irden  of  the  French  Palace  at  Constantinople 
is  at  present  well  kept  ;  it  has  a  terrace,  from  whence 
may  be  discover'd  the  plains  of  Asia,  but  there's  no  need 
to  stretch  the  view  so  far  :  the  embassador  causes  to  be 
cultivated  witliin  his  own  walls  the  finest  Orange  trees, 
Ranunculusses,  Anemonies,  and  all  such  flowers  as  are 
beautiful  and  agreeable  in  their  seasons." 


THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE 

TURBAN    RANUNCULUS. 

The  following  account,  furnished  by  Mr.  G. 
Nicholson,  Kew,  is  extracted  from  the  English 
translation  (published  in  171S),  of  Tournefon's  travels, 
entitled  A  Voyai^e  into  the  Levant,  performed  by  com- 
mand  of  the  late  French  A'in^,  will  no  doubt  interest 
many  readers.  We  have  not  attempted  to  alter  in  any 
way  the  quaint  diction  or  spelling  of  the  translator, 
John  Ozell  :— 

"There  are  many  other  fine  sorts  of  Orchis  at  Con- 
stantinople, but  can't  be  propagated  in  Gardens,  they 
delighting  in  nothing  but  air  of  the  fields.  Tis  not  so 
with  the  Ranunculusses,  which  are  perpetually  multiplying, 
and  acquiring  new  beauties  from  the  hands  of  the 
curious.  For  some  years  past,  the  Turks  have  been 
careful  to  culiivate  these  sorts  of  flowers.  Cara  Mustapha. 
he  who  miscarry'd  before  Vienna,  is  said  to  have  brought 
Ranunculusses  first  in  fashion.  This  Visier,  to  amuse  his 
master,  Mahomet  IV.,  who  e.xtremely  loved  hunting, 
privicy,  and  solitude,  insensibly  inspired  him  with  a  fancy 
lor  flowers  ;  and  understanding  that  the  Ranunculusses 
were  what  he  was  most  pleased  with,  he  wrote  to  all  the 
Bashaws  throughout  the  empire,  to  send  him  roots  and 
seeds  of  the  finest  sorts  they  could  lay  hand  on.  The 
Bashaws  of  Candia,  Cyprus,  Rhodes,  Aleppo,  Damas- 
cus, outdid  all  the  others  in  making  their  court  to  him. 
From  thence  came  those  admirable  species  of  Ranun- 
culusses which  are  to  be  seen  in  the  fine  Gardens 
of  Constantinople  and  Paris,  The  seeds  which 
were  sent  to  the  Visier,  and  those  propagated  by 
private  men,  produced  vast  varieties.  The  embas- 
sadors prided  themselves  in  sending  them  to  their 
respective  masters :  in  Europe  they  were  reclify'd  by 
culture.  M.  Malaval  contributed  not  a  little  thereto  at 
Marseilles  ;  he  furnished  France  with  'em,  and  France 
all  foreign  countries.  Except  Pinks  and  July-flowers,  we 
have  no  fine  flowers  but  what  originally  came  from  the 
Levant.  A  Virtuoso  of  Paris,  one  M.  BacheHer,  brought 
from  thence  in  1615,  the  first  Indian  Chestnut  tree  and 
double  Anemonies.  The  Tuberoses,  the  Hyacinths,  Nar- 
cissus, Flower-de-lysses,  came  from  the  same  country  ; 
but  have  been  rectify'd  in  our  gardens.  There  are  can- 
tons in  France  very  proper  for  the  multiplication  of  cer- 
tain flowers.  They  raise  in  Normandy  double  Jonquils, 
and  very  beautiful  Anemonies;  the  climate  of  Toulouse  is 
extremely  agreeable  to  these  sorts  of  flowers.  Now  1  am 
upon  the  topick  of  Anemonies,  there  goes  a  story  of  a 
certain  lawyer,  to  whom  M.  Bachelier  had  refus'd  to 
comsiunicate  the  seed  of  these  fine  Anemonies  ;  which 
when  he  could  obtain  neither  for  friendship  nor  money, 
nor  by  way  of  truck,  a  fancy  took  him  to  go  and  visit  M. 
Bachelier,  with  three  or  four  of  his  friends  who 
were  in  the  plot.  He  order'd  his  lacquey,  who  bore 
the  train  of  his  gown,  to  let  it  drop  on  some  pots'  that 
were  in  such  an  alley  ;  in  these  pots  were  the  Anemonies 
he  wanted,  and  their  seed  was  ready  to  fall.  They 
walked  a  good  while,  and  talked  about  the  times  :  as 
soon  as  they  were  come  to  the  very  spot  of  ground  a 
merry  gentleman  of  the  company  began  a  story  which 
engaged  the  whole  attention  of  M.  Bachelier  ;  and  at 
the  same  time  the  lacquey,  who  was  no  fool,  let  fall  his 
master's  train  :  the  Anemony-seeds,  having  a  downy 
coat,  stuck  to  the  gown,  which  the  boy  soou  gathered 
up  again,  and  the  company  went  forward.  The  Virtuoso 
took  leave  of  M.  Bachelier,   and  went  his  way  home, 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS  AT 
MESSRS.  LEE  &  SONS'  ARBORE- 
TUM,  ISLEWORTH. 

The  fine  collections  of  hardy  ornamental  trees 
and  shrubs  from  these  nurseries  that  have  been  exhi- 
bited of  late  years  at  our  horticultural  displays  must 
have  suggested  to  admirers  of  such  that  the  collections 
from  which  they  were  sent  must  be  something  out  of 
the  common  way,  and  the  idea  is  not  an  illusory  one, 
as  a  recent  inspection  at  their  home  quarters  has 
amply  verified. 

We  were  prepared,  of  course,  to  see  many  fine 
things,  but  were  totally  unprepared  to  see  so  much 
that  was  remarkable.  To  stand  at  the  entrance  to 
the  arboretum  and  gaze  down  the  long  avenue  planted 
on  either  side  with  such  rich,  varied,  and  beautiful 
tree  growth  is  a  sight  once  seen  not  easily  to  be  effaced 
from  the  memory  ;  the  glowing  autumn  tints,  too, 
which  many  of  the  examples  are  now  putting  on  add 
a  new  charm  to  an  already  bright  picture. 

It  would  appear  to  be  a  matter  for  regret  that  the 
subjects  to  be  found  in  a  place  of  this  description  are 
not  more  generally  made  use  of  by  planners  and 
planters  of  gardens  and  parks. 

In  a  hasty  look  round  notes  were  made  of  a  few  of 
the  choicest  suljects,  but  to  give  even  a  tithe  of  note- 
worthy plants  would  be  more  than  the  space  permit?, 
and  might  also  weary  the  reader.  We  will  therefore 
be  content  to  single  out  the  following  from  the  many 
— beginning  with  :  — 

Ulmus  Roseelsii,  a  grand  and  noble  tree  for  park 
or  lawn,  foliage  of  a  bright  golden  hue,  very  effective  ; 
U.  campestris  latifolia  variegata,  a  species  of  the 
English  Elm,  very  conspicuous  for  its  variegated 
foliage  and  fine  habit  ;  U.  viminalis  variegata,  of  a 
pretty  pendulous  habit  of  growth,  silvery  variegated 
foliage  ;  U.  raontana  var.,  a  species  of  the  Wjch 
Elm,  deeply  margined  with  white,  very  pretty  and 
effective  ;  U.  tPlanera)  Keki,  a  very  spiny  dentated 
leaf,  considered  one  of  the  best  foliaged  amongst  the 
Elms — pendulous  habit  of  growth  ;  U.  plumosa,  leaves 
curling  plume-like  round  the  wood,  giving  it  a  very 
distinctive  appearance — habit  of  growth  erect. 

Betula  purpurea,  purple*leaved  Birch,  very  orna- 
mental ;  Tilia  americana  glabra,  a  species  of  Lime, 
with  very  bold  dentate'foliage  ;  Cornus  Hemina,  a 
very  pretty  bushy  planS  centre  of  leaf  olive-green 
margined  with  silver-white;  in  the  early  spring  the 
plant  is  covered  with  small  yellow  blooms.  Populus 
canadensis  aureus,  the  golden  Canadian  Poplar  ; 
when  planted  out  in  an  exposed  situation  this  tree 
has  a  grand  appearance.  P.  Bolleana,  Silver  Poplar, 
somewhat  new,  leaves  very  deeply  cut,  of  dark  olive- 
green  ;  an  acquisition  amongst  this  class  of  trees. 
Crataegus  filicifolia  (new),  Fern-leaved  Thorn,  leaves 
of  a  dark  olive-green  :  very  conspicuous.  Rhus 
glabra  laciniata,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  hardy 
plants,  with  elegantly  cut  leaves;  very  free  bloom- 
ing. Sambucus  laciniata  variegata,  cut-leaved  Elder, 
throwing  up  long  spikes  of  silvery  variegated  foliage  ; 
a  very  handsome  and  showy  variety.  Corylus  Avel- 
lana  aureus,  a  new  golden-leaved  Filbert  ;  C. 
Avellana  purpurea,  purple-leaved  Filbert,  bearing 
large  clusters  of  purple-coloured  Filberts,  which 
are  sweet  and  edible,  the  bush  is  very  prolific  ;  a 
useful  and  ornamental  subject.  Acer  platanoides 
globosus,  a  variety  of  the  Norway  Maple,  and 
when  "  worked  "  as  a  standard  it  is  very  handsome  ; 
A.  colchicum  rubrum,  young  growths  o(  a  very  deep 
red  tint,  rendering  it  effective;  A.  Pseudo-Platinus 
Webbiana,  raised  by  Messrs.  Lee ;  large  leaves, 
very  prettily  variegated,  having  more  white  than 
is  generally  the  case  with  the  other  varieties ; 
footstalk    of    leaf  yellowish    tint,    differing    in    this 


respect  from  others,  which  are  mostly  of  a  reddish 
tint :  a  noble-looking  Maple,  of  very  vigorous  growth. 
A.  striatum,  commonly  called  the  Snake-barked 
Maple,  in  allusion  to  the  peculiar  striping  of  the  bark  ; 
of  very  curious  appearance,  and  a  handsome  tree  of 
moderate  height.  A,  platanoides  laciniata  (the 
"  Eagle's  Claw  "),  Norway  Maple,  very  curious  and 
interesting;  A.  Pseudo-Platanus  eleganiissimo,  large, 
leaves,  very  prettily  variegated  with  gold  and  green^ 
most  effective  ;  a  seedling  raised  by  Messrs.  Lee 
Euonymus  europxus  latifolius,  bearing  fine  broad 
leaves  ;  the  plant  just  now  is  covered  with  its  nu- 
merous dull  rose-coloured  seed-vessels,  giving  it  a 
very  pretty  and  distinct  appearance.  E.  e.  pur- 
pureus,  foliage  of  a  dark  purple,  almost  turning  to  a 
deep  red  in  autumn  ;  very  pretty  as  a  half-standard. 
Cotoneaster  aftinis,  the  deciduous  Cotoneaster,  now 
covered  with  clusters  of  coral-coloured  berries,  ren- 
dering it  very  effective  ;  Prunus  economica,  very 
effective  ;  centre  of  leaf  green,  margined  with  gold. 
Morus  papyrifera,  or  Paper  Mulberry  ;  deeply  cut 
heart-shaped  leaves,  ribs  of  which  are  tinted  with 
pink  ;  fruit  round,  rough,  small,  greenish.  M.  hispa.- 
nicus,  bears  fine  broad  leaves,  and  is  of  free,  robust 
growth. 

A  large  collection  of  the  different  kinds  of  Malus 
is  grown  ;  we  noted  especially  M.  Toringo  pendula, 
of  very  pendulous  habit,  and  in  the  early  spring  is 
covered  with  pink  and  white  flowers,  and  bearing  a 
Crab  much  smaller  than  a  Pea  ;  it  is,  in  fact,  the 
smallest  of  Crabs.  Pyrus  chinensis,  the  Chinese 
Sand  Pear,  has  fruit  resembling  in  appearance 
a  large,  round,  rough  tall  of  worsted  ;  it  first 
fruited  about  twenty  years  ago  {it  has  not  done  so 
since),  and  the  fruit  may  now  be  seen  at  the  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew.  Juglans  regia  pendula  (Weeping 
Walnut),  magnificent  when  woiked,  as  here,  on  a 
stem  about  12  feet  high  ;  it  has  a  noble  appearence. 
This  particular  specimen  is  probably  one  of  the  finest 
in  existence,  and  although  this  has  been  a  very  dry 
season  the  tree  has  made  shoots  6  feet  in  length. 
Castanea  vesca  heterophylla  dissecta,  a  Spanish 
Chestnut  having  variously  shaped  leaves  ;  on  the 
plant  we  noted  five  distinct  forms  of  foliage,  the 
young  growths  having  Icng,  drooping,  narrow,  tail- 
like leaves  of  about  a  foot  in  length,  giving  it  a 
distinct  and  grotesque  appearance  :  a  showy  plant 
in  any  position.  Catalpa  syringasfolia  aurea,  in 
exposed  situations  is  a  grand  tree;  the  more  intense 
the  beat  the  deeper  colour  do  the  golden  leaves  assume. 
Cornus  mascula  aurea  eleganlissima,  one  of  the  pret- 
tiest of  the  Dogwoods  ;  centre  of  leaf  olive-green, 
variegated  with  gold,  the  points  being  tipped  with 
magenta.  Acer  pendula  nova,  an  acquisition  amongst 
Maples — plant  of  beautifully  spreading  habit  ;  Cara- 
gana  Chamlagu,  the  Siberian  Pea  tree,  bearing  a  Pea- 
like flower  tinted  with  pink  and  white,  and  retaining 
its  glossy  glaucous  foliage  until  late  in  the  autumn  ; 
Cerasus  Padus  elegans.  Bird  Cherry  :  pretty  leaves, 
green  margined  with  silver,  very  ornamental  tree. 
Pyrus  sorbus  vestita  :  upper  surface  of  leaves  dark 
olive-green,  under  -  surface  being  of  a  beautiful 
silvery-white;  wood  of  glaucous  appearance,  makes 
a  pretty  plant  as  a  standard.  Sambucus  nigra  var. 
aurea.  Golden  Elder  :  a  most  effective  plant  ;  Robinia 
Bessoniana,  a  fine  hardy  tree — most  effective  for 
avenues  and  promenades. 

Of  the  brave  old  Oak,  a  numerous  and  most 
interesting  variety  is  grown.  We  can  but  give  names 
of  only  a  few  of  them.  Quercus  cerris  elegantissima, 
a  variety  of  the  variegated  Turkey  Oak,  much  more 
deeply  variegated  than  the  old  variety  ;  Q.  filicifolia, 
the  true  Fern- leaved  Oak,  foliage  very  dense  and 
handsome  ;  Q.  coccinea  borealis,  foliage  of  a  deep 
ruby  tint — this  is  distinct  ;  Q.  albo  raarmorata,  the 
young  growth  silvery  variegated,  the  young  shoots 
striped  with  red,  which  has  a  pretty  effect ;  Q.  im- 
bricaria,  very  handsome,  of  robust 'growth — long  lan- 
ceolate leaves  ;  Q.  phellos,  very  pretty,  long  narrow 
or  Willow-like  leaves,  tints  in  autumn  deep  red  ;  Q. 
robur  purpurascens,  purple  leaved,  rapid  and  vigorous 
grower — a  first-rate  variety  lor  the  forester  ;  Q.  pan- 
nonica,  also  a  rapid  grower,  very  erect  habit,  leaves 
fine  olive-green  ;  Q.  Ilex  laurifolia,  an  evergreen  Oak 
of  pretty  appearance  and  pendulous  habit  ;  Q. 
nobilis,  or  Black  Jack  of  America,  the  autumn  tint 
being  of  a  transparent  red,  and  very  beautiful ; 
Q.  Diamio  is  one  of  the  largest  leaved  varieties 
of  Oak  we  have.  The  plant,  when  in  a  vigorous 
state,  produces  leaves  averaging  from  16  to  iS  inches 
in  length,  and  12  to  14  inches  in  diameter — rough 
habit  ;  Q.  Tauzin  splendens,  leaves  of  a  very  dark 
green,   glaucous    on    the    under-surface — very  much 


September  26, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


393 


like  a  Turkey  Oak  in  appearance, 
rapid  growth  :  a  very  handsome 
naica,  the  foliage  dying  off  in 
Mirbecki,  of  rather  slow  growth 
very  dark  green — a  magnificent 
sempervirens,  of  dwarfish  habit, 
semi-evergreen — very  handsome  ; 
nana,  an  English  Oak  of  dwarf 
variegated  ;    Q.    diverslfolia,    an 


,  but  of  much  more 

variety  of  Q.  pyre- 
beautifu!  tints.  Q. 
,  has  leaves  broad, 

kind  ;  Q.  austriaca 
very  thick   grow(h, 

Q,  robur  argenteus 
habit — very  prettily 

evergreen   variety, 


PICEA    MORINDA.* 

This  is  a  hardy,  rapidly  growing  Spruce,  growing 
in  Bhotan  and  the  Eastern  Himalayas,  at  altitudes 
ranging  from  7000  — 11,600  feet  above  the  sea. 
Major  Madden  says  it  has  many  native  names,  all 
denominating  a  "  prickly  Fir,"  and  he  says  the  Baby- 
lonian confusion  of  the  vernacular  may  reconcile 
mortals  to  the  unity,   however  hard,   or  sometimes 


Fig.  85.— cone  and  bud  op  picea  morinda, 


habit  and  growth  of  tree  very  thick  ;  Q.  robur  Con- 
cordia, beautiful  golden  leaves — handsome. 

It  would  be  unfair  to  close  these  rambling  notes 
without  a  well-merited  word  of  praise  to  Mr.  John 
Webb,  Messrs.  Lee's  able  manager.  The  pleasure 
of  our  visit  was  appreciably  enhanced  by  his  com- 
pany, and  the  communicative  spirit  which  he  showed. 

Adjacent  to  the  arboretum  Messrs.  Lee  have  a 
nursery  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  Conifers,  Roses, 
Clematis,  Camellias,  Ivies,  creepers,  small  evergreens, 
greenhouse  plants,  Vines,  Heaths,  &c.,  on  which  we 
may  have  something  to  say  anon.  J,  B, 


barbarous  and  pedantic,  of  the  botanist.  There  is, 
unfortunately,  a  similar  lack  of  unity  in  the  botanical 
names,  as  any  one  may  see  who  cares  to  look  into  the 
synonymy  and  literature  of  the  species.  The  botanists, 
however,  have  this  advantage,  that  there  is  order  and 
method  in  their  synonymy,  which  represents  difference 
of  opinion,  not  of  fact  ;  and  for  the  unravelling  of 
which  there  is  a  ready  clue  which  is  wanting  in  the 
vernacular  appellations.     The  cones  are  at  first  erect. 


but  rapidly  become  pendulous  (fig,  85).  It  is  curious 
that  Wallich  and  Forbes,  Pimtum  Woburncnsc, 
both  figure  the  cone  as  growing  erect  when  ma- 
ture. This,  however,  is  a  mistake  arising  from 
the  artist  having  seen  only  the  detached 
cones.  On  the  tree  and  in  a  mature  state  they  are 
pendulous,  as  in  all  the  true  Spruces.  The  botanical 
history  is  now  well  known,  and  may  be  gleaned  from 
any  of  the  text-books.  In  gardens  and  plantations 
the  growth  is  very  rapid.  The  very  beautiful  tender 
green  shoots,  as  well  remarked  by  Major  Madden,  as 
they  elongate,  carry  before  them  like  an  extinguisher 
the  brown  transparent  scales  of  the  leaf-buds.  The 
twigs  are  used  as  litter,  but  the  timber  is  soft  and  not 
durable.  It  forms  excellent  hedges,  as  few  plants 
bear  the  shears  better.  On  the  other  hand,  when 
left  to  itself  it  forms  a  graceful  pyramidal  tree,  with 
pendulous  branches.  The  largest  we  have  seen  is  in 
the  garden  of  an  old  farmhouse  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Witley  Court,  Worcestershire.  The  buds  are 
elongate,  light  brown.  The  lateral  buds  at  the  end 
of  the  leader  shoot  expand  before  the  terminal  bud, 
and  in  growth  the  young  shoots  are  strongly  curved 
in  a  downward  direction,  apparently  from  more  rapid 
growth  on  the  upper  as  contrasted  with  the  lower 
surface,  from  "  epinasty,"  according  to  the  modern 
terminology. 

The  tree  in  this  country  seems  always  ready  to 
grow  on  the  least  provocation  ;  hence  the  young 
shoots  are  apt  to  be  nipped  by  frost,  which  does  not 
seem  to  do  permanent  harm,  and  for  hedge  purposes 
is  rather  beneficial,  as  new  growth  is  stimulated  to 
take  the  place  of  the  old.  It  was  introduced  into 
Scotland  in  1S18,  the  name  Smithiana  referring  to 
Lord  Hopetoun's  gardener,  who  was  the  first  to  raise 
the  plant  from  seed.  Mr.  Fowler  reported  in  our 
columns  in  1872  that  one  of  the  trees  planted  at 
Ilopetoun  was  then  60  feet  in  height,  and  measured 
7  feet  round  the  bole  at  4  feet  from  the  ground.  Mr. 
Fowler  also  notes  that  at  Castle  Kennedy  this  Hima- 
layan Spruce  grows  much  faster  than  the  common 
one.  The  cone  from  which  our  figure  was  taken  was 
sent  to  us  from  Penrhyn  by  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster. 
M.  T.  M. 


Picei  Morinda.  Link.  ;  Abies 
ik.  :  Pinus  .Smilhiana,  Lamberl 
,.  ii.,  p.  416(1668);  Picea Smithi 


Morinda,  et  A.  Smitliiana, 
ex  Palatore,  DC.  Prod.. 
na,  Boissier,  Flor.  Orient. 


THE     JEPHSON     GARDENS, 
LEAMINGTON. 

These  gardens  are  nicely  situated,  adjoining  the 
river  Leam,  which  flows  on  the  southern  side 
for  their  entire  length.  Being  in  the  town  the 
inhabitants  have  easy  access  to  them,  and  num- 
bers of  visitors  find  their  way  to  this  fashionable 
resort.  The  extent  is  some  14  or  15  acres.  The 
most  has  been  made  of  the  ground  available  in 
the  laying  out,  so  as  to  secure  as  much  room  for 
promenading  as  possible — a  matter  of  importance 
where  large  numbers  of  people  congregate.  A  broad 
central  walk  runs  the  whole  length,  with  others  at 
interval^,  where  required,  diverging  from  it,  and 
leading  to  that  which  surrounds  the  whole  garden 
near  the  boundary. 

Trees  of  most  kinds  thrive  well,  both  deciduous 
and  evergreen  ;  neither  is  this  to  be  wondered  at 
when  the  rich  fertile  nature  of  the  soil  in  this  part  of 
the  country  is  taken  into  account,  the  advantage  of 
which  was  more  than  usually  apparent  during  the 
present  dry  summer,  when  the  lawns  were  green  and 
pleasant  to  look  upon  at  a  time  when  the  greater 
portion  of  the  country  was  so  burnt  up  that  grass 
and  stubble  presented  little  difference  in  colour. 
From  the  entrance  to  a  point  some  distance  within  the 
grounds  evergreen  Oaks  stand  right  and  left  of  the 
central  walk,  planted  at  sufficient  distance  apart  to 
prevent  their  ever  encroaching  upon  each  other.  They 
are  beautiful  trees,  densely  clothed  with  foliage,  and 
feathered  down  to  the  green  turf  out  of  which  they 
spring.  These  Oaks,  with  most  of  the  other  trees  In 
the  gardens,  have  been  planted  about  forty  years, 
and  in  common  with  the  others  have  made  good 
progress.  Amongst  the  trees  that  are  thriving  well 
may  be  named  the  Lebanon  Deodora  and  Mount 
Atlas  Cedars,  Taxodium  sempervirens,  Pinus  ex- 
celsa,  P.  Slrobus,  P.  austriaca,  and  others  of  the 
coniferous  family.  Deciduous  trees  do  equally  well ; 
the  clean  healthy  appearance  they  have  is  sufficiently 
indicative  of  their  condition.  Dispersed  about  the 
grounds  is  a  good  collection  of  Thorns.  Evergreen 
and  deciduous  shrubs,  of  which  there  is  a  good 
selection,  alike  make  good  progress. 

To  the  right  of  the  main  walk  leading  from  the 
entrance  is  an  ornamental  piece  of  water,  which  is 

# 


394 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18 


well  placed,  and  (orms  an  interesting  feature  ;  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  its  surface  is  occupied  by  aquatic 
plants  of  various  kinds. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  main  walk  there  is  a 
flower  garden  made  by  the  Curator,  Mr.  Longford,  a 
few  years  ago.  It  consists  of  a  moderate  number  o( 
beds  in  the  grass.  As  opposed  to  the  intricate  style 
so  oftener  met  with,  the  design  has  the  merit  of 
simplicity,  and  is  still  further  commendable  for 
not  being  too  large  (or  the  situation,  whilst  yet 
big  enough  to  give  the  requisite  amount  of  colour, 
which  the  frequenters  of  gardens  of  this  description 
are  likely  to  continue  to  hold  in  estimation.  It 
was  very  well  planted,  partly  in  the  carpet  style, 
and  the  remainder  with  an  assemblage  of  the 
usual  continuous  summer-flowering  plants,  in  which 
soft  colours  were  most  prevalent.  To  the  left  of  the 
entrance,  just  within  the  iron  railing  that  separates 
the  gardens  from  the  main  road,  there  are  also  two 
or  three  good-sized  beds  in  the  grass  between  the 
clumps  of  shrubs  ;  these  were  planted  as  carpet 
beds,  and  as  seen  from  'the  road,  as  well  as  from 
within,  give  agreealile  bits  of  colour  that  brigh'en 
up  the  dark  hues  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  around. 
These  beds  show  at  a  glance  the  dilTerence  that 
exists  between  the  use  of  enough  colour  to  give  life 
to  the  surroundings  and  the  misuse  of  colour  where 
introduced  in  wrong  places  or  used  in  excess  of  what 
is  required.  The  disfavour  in  which  modern  t^ower 
gardening  is  now  held  is  due  simply  to  the  fact 
of  those  engaged  in  it  not  knowing  the  requisite 
amount  of  it  that  should  be  used  ;  or,  in  other  words, 
to  the  introduction  of  colour  to  positions  where  it 
was  inadmissible,  or  to  the  use  of  too  much.  It  is  the 
misuse  of  summer  bedding,  rather  than  its  use,  that 
has  brought  it  into  disfavour. 

The  borders,  which  in  some  parts  of  the  grounds 
are  backed  with  shrubs,  were  gay  with  Violas, 
Pansies,  and  other  flowers,  which,  combined  with 
herbaceous  plants  and  annuals,  keep  up  a  display. 

There  is  a  good  collection  of  Roses,  which  soil  and 
climate  alike  favour.  The  walks  are  dry,  smooth, 
and  pleasant  to  walk  on,  whiL-t  the  closely  mown 
grass  is  of  the  dense  character  that  is  only  met  with 
where  the  land  is  of  the  best  description  ;  and  the 
general  aspect  of  the  gardens  is  highly  creditable  to 
Mr.  Longford.   T.  B. 


GARDEN    PALMS. 

iCMtinuci/nmtP.   56.-.) 

DlPLOrHEMItJM,  Martitn. —On\y  four  species  be- 
long to  this  genus  according  to  the  Genera  Plantarum^ 
five  according  to  Drude  in  Marlius'  Fi'ora  0/ Brazil, 
Three  of  them  are  cultivated  at  Kew,  where  one,  viz., 
D.  glaucescens,  is  represented  by  very  handsome  spe- 
cimens, which  in  point  of  beauty  are  second  to  none 
of  the  cultivated  Palms.  The  largest  of  these  has 
arching  leaves  15  feet  in  length  by  4  feet  in  width, 
the  segments  being  2  feet  long  and  2  inches  wide, 
olive-green  above,  silvery  on  the  under  side.  \Vhen 
quite  small  this  species  is  an  attractive  Palm,  owing 
to  the  broad  feather-like  form  of  its  foliage,  which 
assumes  a  graceful  habit  at  an  early  age.  The  petiole 
is  very  short,  as  the  pinna;  extend  down  the  rachis 
of  the  leaf  almost  to  its  base  ;  the  lower  part  of  the 
rachis  is  channelled,  the  upper  part  keeled  ;  the  mid- 
rib of  the  pinnx  stout  and  prominent  above.  1>. 
glaucescens  forms  a  stem  12  —  15  ^'^^^  high,  whilst 
the  other  species  are  stemless.  D.  maritimum  has 
leaves  7  feet  long,  the  segments  rather  narrow  and 
glaucous  on  the  under-side.  The  fruit  is  as  large  as 
a  Cherry,  the  covering  fleshy  when  fresh,  drying  to  a 
soft  scale-like  fibre,  in  which  the  smooth  pale  brown 
round  seeds  are  enclosed  ;  they  are  very  hard  and 
marked  with  three  shallow  furrows  running  from  the 
base  towards  the  apex.  Seedling  leaves  simple, 
assuming  a  pinnate  character  when  the  plants  are 
about  a  year  old.  The  species  thrive  best  when 
treated  as  tropical  plants.  D.  littorale  is  figured  in 
the  Bo/.  Mag.,  t.  4S61,  but  it  is  not  now  known  to 
be  in  cultivation. 

D.  campcstrc,  Mart.  — Brazil. 

D.  caiiJescens,  Mart.  {Ceroxylon  niveum,  llort.).^ 
Brazil. 

D.  viaritiniiiin,  Mart. — Brazil. 

Drymophl.eus,  Zippd. 

This  genus  is  made  to  include  plants  with  cuneate 

ot  truncate  leaf-segments,  as  well  as  those  with  linear, 

pointed  ones,  and  is,   therefore,  exceptional  among 


Palm  genera.  In  gardens  the  two  types  of  foliage 
are  represented  by  IJ.  Rumphii,  which  has  a  thin 
erect  stem,  short  leaves,  with  rather  soft  thick 
petioles,  and  leaf-segments  broadened  out  like  a  fish's 
tail,  with  the  apex  jigged,  a  very  broad  one  terminat- 
ing the  rachis,  and  the  whole  leaf  is  covered  wiih 
a  floury  substance  ;  and  D.  singaporensis,  which 
may  be  compared  to  a  Cocos  or  Euterpe,  as 
the  leaves  are  graceful,  arching,  with  segments 
not  much  wider  than  in  Cocos  Weddelliana. 
This  species  deserves  to  occupy  a  favoured  position 
among  garden  Palms,  as  it  is  a  quick  grower,  healthy 
in  appearance,  and  particularly  ornamental  when 
young.  There  are  twelve  species  described,  all  of 
them  being  unarmed,  with  erect,  thin,  annulated 
stems.  The  fruit  varies  in  size,  is  ovoid  or  oblong, 
the  pericarp  thick  and  fibrous,  enclosing  the  dark 
brown  striated  seeds,  which  are  usually  egg-shaped 
(D.  ceramensis),  and  half  an  inch  to  an  inch  long  (D. 
singaporensis).     Seedling  plants  not  seen. 

D.  cerametiih.  Miq. — Ceram. 

D.   olivaformis.    Mart.    (Piychosperma    Rumphii, 
Bl.).— Moluccas. 

D.  Rumphii,  Hort.,  Lind.— Moluccas. 
D.  singaporensis.   Hook.    f.   (Ptychospernia  singa- 
porensis, Hort.). — Singapore. 

Dypsis,  Noronha. 
This  genus  is  closely  related  to  the  Chama:- 
doreas,  and  resembles  in  its  leaf  characters  and 
habit  some  of  the  graceful  leaved  species  of  that 
genus.  The  cultivated  kinds  of  Dypsis  are  very 
similar  to  each  other,  being  erect,  thin  stemmed, 
the  stem  bright  green,  smooth  and  annulated,  and 
the  leaves  are  long,  pinnate,  the  segments  arranged 
in  fascicles  of  six  or  eight,  each  iS  inches  long,  bright 
green.  The  clasping  sheath-like  base  of  the  petiole 
is  very  prominently  angled,  and  as  the  leaves  appear 
to  be  arranged  in  three  rows  along  the  stem,  that  por- 
tion enclosed  in  the  leaf-sheaths  is  distinctly  triangular. 
The  same  character  appears  in  Hyophorbe  Verschaf- 
feltii.  In  the  fasciculate  arrangement  of  its  leaf 
segments,  and  the  curious  triangular  or  tristichous 
character  of  its  leaves,  the  genus  Dypsis  is  distinguished 
from  all  other  pinnate-leaved  Palms.  In  addition  to 
this  form  of  leaf  there  is  also  in  this  genus  a  form  the 
blade  of  which  is  entire  with  a  sinus  at  the  apex  as  in 
Sievensonia  and  Verschaffeltia,  but  it  is  not  represented 
in  the  species  cultivated.  There  is  a  plant  at  Kew  of 
D.  madagascarien^is  15  feet  high,  measuring  to  the  top 
of  the  leaves  which  are  over  10  feet  long,  very  graceful, 
and  not  unlike  the  leaves  of  Cocos  plumosa.  The  seeds 
are  peg-top-shaped,  half  an  inch  long,  and  covered 
with  a  coat  of  brown  fibre  ;  internally  they  are  nii;k- 
white.  Seedling  leaves  split  ;  the  plants  do  nut 
assume  their  graceful  plumose  characters  till  about 
five  years  old. 

D.     HildeliranMii,    Hort.    Van     I  louite.— Mada- 
gascar. 

D.  maJagascariensis,  Hort.   (Areca  madagascarien- 
si.-'i  Lodd. ). — Madagascar. 

D.  piitiiatifrons,   Mart.  (Areca  gracilis,   Thou.).^ 
Madagascar. 

Elatis. 
The  three  or  four  species  included  in  this  genus 
have  no  particular  attractiveness  in  their  foliage,  and 
the  two  species  in  gardens  are  so  diflicult  to  keep 
respectable,  that  if  it  were  not  for  their  interest  as  oil- 
yielding  Palms,  they  would  probably  be  discarded. 
There  are  two  sections  in  the  genus,  viz.,  Euelalis, 
the  species  of  which  have  erect  or  decumbent  trunks, 
serrated  petioles,  and  stiff  leaf-segments,  and  Barcella, 
which  has  no  stem  and  flaccid  leaf-segments.  E. 
guineensis  when  young  forms  a  dense  rosette  of  pin- 
nate leaves,  which  are  stout  at  the  base,  the  lower- 
most pinna;  reduced  to  long  spines,  which  expend 
almost  to  the  bottom  of  the  petiole,  the  upper  ones 
opposite,  about  a  foot  long,  terminating  in  a  long 
filament.  When  developed  this  species  has  astern 
20—30  feel  high.  Young  plants  ofE.  melanococca  do 
not  materially  dilTer  from  the  former.  They  are  both 
moisture-loving  plants,  thriving  best  when  kept  uni- 
formly wet  at  the  roots,  and  in  a  hot,  steamy  atmosphere. 
E.  guineensis  may  perhaps  take  rank  second  only  to 
the  Cocoa-nut  Palm  as  a  valuable  economic  plant,  as 
from  its  yellowish  fruits,  about  as  large  as  Walnuts,  is 
obtained  the  important  produced  "  Palm  oil,"  of 
which  upwards  of  Soo.ooo  c«t.  were  imported  into 
England  in  1SS2.  The  oil  is  expressed  from  the 
fleshy  covering  of  the  seed.  Good  Palm  oil  is  of  a 
blight  orange  colour,  about  the  consistence  of  butter, 
and  when  fresh  has  an  agreeable  smell.     It  is  used 


for  making  soap  and  candles,  also  for  greasing  the 
wheels  of  waggons,  &c.  This  species  is  cultivated 
in  various  parts  of  South  America,  and  of  course  very 
largely  in  Africa,  about  Liberia. 

E.  guineensis,  Jacquin  ("Oil  Palm").  — West 
Tropical  Africa. 

E.  melaiiocoica,  Gaertner. — Central  America. 

EuYTHEA,  Serena  IValson. 

Two  species  of  Californian  Palms  are  included  here, 
both  very  like  the  Coperniceas,  having  fan-shaped 
leaves  borne  in  heads  on  stout  annulated  trunks,  the 
leaf-stalks  spiny  or  merely  roughened  along  the  edges. 
The  blade  is  divided  half  way  down  into  numerous 
segments,  which  droop  and  give  the  Palm  a  graceful 
Thrinax-like  appearance.  They  have  only  recently 
been  introduced  into  English  gardens.  Fruits 
Cherry-like,  with  a  yellowish  fleshy  pericarp,  which 
is  sweet  to  the  taste,  and  which  encloses  a  dark  brown 
somewhat  compressed  seed.  Seedling  leaves  stiff", 
simple. 

E.  aimala,  S.  Watson  (Brahea  edulis,  Wendl.  ; 
and  B.  Roezlii,  Hort.;  B.  glauca,  Hort.).— Guada- 
loupe  Islands  (Coast  of  California). 


PROLIFERATION    IN    FERNS. 

(Cmlhnu-d/rom  t-    37"-) 

Ferns  fall  roughly  into  two  natural  divisions, 
terrestrial  and  epiphytal.  These  divisions  are  marked 
by  several  characteristic  features.  They  contrast,  as 
a  rule  in  habit  of  growth,  texture,  and  circumscrip- 
tion of  the  fronds,  and  duration  of  the  individual  life. 
Broadly,  the  characters  may  be  thus  tabulated  ;  — 
Terrestrial  :  Rootstcck  generally  upright,  with  the 
fronds  clustered  at  the  top  ;  these  more  or  less  herba- 
ceous in  texture  and  perishable,  and  compoundly  or 
decompoundly  cut  ;  duration  of  life  variable,  but 
limited  and  relatively  short.  Epiphytal ;  Rootstock 
generally  creeping,  with  the  fronds  placed  along  its 
axis  :  these  more  or  less  coriaceous,  chartaceous  or 
membranous  in  texture,  and  durable,  and  generally 
entire  or  pinnatiform  ;  duration  of  life  relatively 
long.  There  are  very  numerous  absolute  excep- 
tions to  the  rule,  and  others  in  which  these 
features  are  more  or  less  modified  in  each  division, 
but  taken  broadly  they  characterise  the  two  sections 
very  clearly. 

In  the  New  World  the  epiphytal  is  composed 
chiefly  of  the  majority  of  the  species  of  Hymeno- 
phylle.i;,  Polypodies,  Vittariea:  (included  in  (iram- 
mitidia  in  Synopsis  Fllicum),  and  AcrosticheK,  with 
a  few  from  one  or  two  other  tribes.  The  difference 
in  the  duration  of  life  in  the  t*o  divisions  is  due 
partly  to  the  habit  of  growth  in  the  respective  root- 
stocks,  and  partly  to  constitutional  character.  The 
erect  state,  being  generally  unable  to  produce  new 
roots  after  it  clears  the  moist  influence  of  the  surface 
of  the  ground,  exhausts  itself  in  a  period  varying  from 
a  few  months  in  the  most  herbaceous,  to  few,  several 
or  many  years  in  the  most  arborescent  ;  the  creep- 
ing state,  on  the  other  hand,  Ijiog  constantly  prone 
along  its  whole  length  to  the  surface  on  which  it  is 
growing,  roots  as  it  elongates,  new  feeders  keeping 
pace  with  the  growth,  and  thus  the  life  is  renewed 
from  day  to  day.  In  this  form  ot  growth,  while  the 
conditions  of  its  environment  remain  favourable, 
duration  seems  to  exert  no  adverse  influence,  and 
there  is  no  evidence  of  a  gradually  diminishing  energy, 
which  age  invariably  manifests  in  the  course  of  time 
in  the  other  type.  The  constitution  is  tough,  too, 
and  slow  to  suffer  under  unfavourable  influences,  such, 
for  instance,  as  disturbance  of  the  plants,  while  in 
the  erect  form  of  growth  it  is  tender,  and  sulTers 
from  disturbance  immediately,  and  any  adverse  con- 
dition prolonged  is  irretrievably  fatal.  But  this 
greater  vitality  of  the  creeping  over  the  upright  habit 
of  growth  is  common  to  all  the  species  in  which  it 
occurs,  both  terrestrial  and  epiphytal.  The  broad 
differences  which  I  have  enumerated  that  mark  these 
primary  divisions  are  due,  I  have  no  doubt,  largely, 
if  not  altogether,  to  the  conditions  of  their  respective 
situations  of  growth.  The  epiphytal  species,  growing 
aloft  on  the  exposed  branches  of  trees,  usually  with- 
out soil  of  any  kind,  or  with  only  what  little  dt'liiis 
from  decay  of  balk,  moss,  or  foliage  may  adhere  to 
the  roots,  the  repent  form  of  rootstock  affords  the 
firmest  and  most  secure  hold  ;  and  as  they  are  exposed 
without  root  protection  in  seasons  of  drought,  under 
this  influence  hive  acquired  a  constitution  that  will 
resist  successfully  the  ordeal.     Some  species  of  Vit- 


Septemhiir  26,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


395 


tarias  which  have  not  acquired  ihis  toughness  of  fibre, 
and  in  which  the  rootstock  is  short  and  fleshy,  have 
provided  a  substitute,  which  serves  both  for  adhering; 
to  the  surface  and  supplying  moisture  in  the  form  of 
a  sponge-like  mass  of  hairs  which  clothe  the  roots. 
The  matted  mass  chngs  tightly,  and  the  moisture 
absorbed  during  rain  is  retained  for  a  considerable 
lime.  Again,  with  regard  to  the  durably  texture  of 
the  fronds  :  were  they  herbaceous,  as  in  the  terres- 
trial species,  they  would  wither  beyond  recovery 
under  prolonged  drought  ;  whereas  nowtheyare  hardly 
affected — the  leathery  ones  perhaps  slightly  shrivel- 
ling, and  the  elastico-membranous  curling,  both  fully 
expanding  again  on  the  return  of  rain.  Then  as  to 
their  size  and  shape  :  were  they  large  and  freely 
divided,  they  would  get  much  battered  and  damaged 
by  wind,  and  constant  risk  would  arise  of  the  root- 
stock  becoming  dislodged  by  their  sway  and  weight  ; 
hence  they  are  usually  small,  and  at  most  never 
exceed  a  moderate  size,  and  are  generally  entire,  or 
simply  pinnatiform.  The  Hymenophyllea;  are  in 
part  an  exception  to  the  rule,  the  majority 
being  multifidly  divided,  but  these  are  protected  by 
their  generally  diminutive  size  and  communal  habit  of 
growth.  The  Fern  species  in  which  the  fronds  are 
broad,  and  present  a  good  leverage  to  wind,  develope, 
like  plants  which  are  subject  to  immersion  and  the 
drag  of  river  currents,  a  vast  mass  of  tightly  adhering 
roots,  which  completely  clasp  the  branch  on  which 
they  are  growing.  These  facts,  which  favourably 
affect  the  duration  of  individual  life  among  the  epi- 
phytal species,  I  have  detailed,  as  they  are  probably 
a  countervailing  advantage  to  the  general  absence  of 
proliferation  which  marks  this  division,  and  the  per- 
haps generally  less  spore  production  than  obtains  in  the 
terrestrial  division.  With  regard  to  the  duration  of 
individual  life,  it  appears  to  be  a  rule  that,  where  it 
is  brief  by  nature,  or  liable  to  be  so  from  lender 
character,  or  precarious  situation  of  growth,  abundant 
fecundity  accompanies  it.  Ceratopteris  and  the  annual 
Gymnogrammas  are  instances  among  plants  whose 
duration  is  by  nature  short  ;  and  Cyslopteris 
fragilis  and  other  plants  which  grow  in  the  beds 
of  livers,  and  are  liable  to  be  washen  away  in 
floods,  of  those  which  by  accident  are  so ;  ihe 
latter  are,  however,  further  protected  by  the  faculty 
they  have  acquired  of  adhering  tightly  to  a  bare  sur- 
face, so  that,  though  the  fronds  are  washed  away,  the 
rootstock  frequently  remains  to  sprout  again  when  the 
water  subsides. 

Generally,  I  think  it  may  be  said  ihit  the  fecundity 
of  the  epiphytal  species  is  somewhat  less  than  that  of 
the  terrestrial.  The  Acrostichias  with  their  amor- 
phous soil  might  appear  an  exception  to  such  a  rule, 
but  even  here  the  rule  obtains  ;  for  in  this  tribe  the 
fertile  fronds  are  only  produced  in  seasons,  in  many 
cases  only  once  a  year.  More  spores  are  probably 
list,  too,  in  the  epiphytes  through  reaching  unsuitable 
situations  for  their  growth  than  among  their  terrestrial 
analogues.  lint,  assuming  the  condition  equally 
favourable  in  each  case,  I  think  it  probable  that  in  a  wild 
state  the  spores  of  each  are  equally  free  in  germinating. 
Gardeners,  however,  have  not  found  this  the  case  in 
cultivation  ;  but  may  not  their  failure  be  very  likely  due 
to  the  greater  difficulty  of  producing  under  an  artificial 
s'ate  the  conditions  required  by  the  epiphytal  species, 
with  perhaps  at  the  same  time  an  inherent  want  of 
adaptation  to  conditions  defective  in  any  of  the  normal 
qualities  ? — a  feature  which  seems  to  be  more  rigidly 
characteristic  of  this  division  than  of  the  other.  That  it 
is  diflicult  to  produce  the  conditions  in  cultivation  of 
the  wild  state  may  be  witnessed  by  an  attempt  to 
grow  the  epiphytal  plants  as  they  grow  wild,  so  far 
as  these  conditions  could  be  imitated  by  the  cultivator. 
They  are  (i)  a  bare  branch  or  trunk  of  a  tree,  and  (2) 
alternating  periods  of  moisture  and  drought.  Any  such 
attempt  would  fail  absolutely  from  the  first  ;  yet  it  is 
on  the  bare  branches  of  trees,  subject  at  one  season  to 
weeks  or  months  of  cloud  and  rain,  and  at  another  to 
periods  as  long  of  sun  and  drought,  that  the  spores  of 
the  majority  of  epiphytal  species  germinate  and  the 
plants  spend  their  life.  Of  course  there  is  something 
else — some  ever- pervading  impalpable  atmospheric 
element,  complex  no  doubt  in  character,  which  is 
imperfectly  recognised  by  the  observer,  but  which  is 
among  the  chief  essentials  of  success.  With  regard 
to  wasted  spores,  Nature  is  ever  bountiful  of  the 
elements  of  life,  and  her  purpose  is  served  if  one  in 
thousands  succeeds.  In  both  the  divisions  multitudes 
of  spores  perish  after  germination,  through  the  condi- 
tions not  being  such  as  is  required  for  the  permanent 
and  adult  life. 


In  regard  to  the  survival  and  permanence  of  specific 
types,  the  chief  or  only  advantage  which  the  epiphytal 
division  possesses  over  tha  terrestrial  is  in  the  greater 
tenacity  and  duration  of  the  individual  life.  The 
cases  of  proliferation  which  it  presents  are  rare,  espe- 
cially of  frond  proliferation,  and  are  chiefly  confined 
to  the  species  which  may  be  described  of  intermediate 
character,  that  grow  mostly  on  rocks  or  about  the 
base  of  trees,  and  on  prostrate  decaying  logs.  The 
only  form  which  I  have  witnessed  in  the  strictly 
epiphytal  species  is  root-proliferation,  and  this 
is  rare.  This,  however,  it  is  interesting  to 
note  is  the  only  form  that  probably  could  be 
of  any  service  in  this  division.  The  dift'erence 
in  the  situations  of  growth  would  make  all  the  forms 
of  frondfproliferation,  as  a  means  of  reproduction, 
nearly  entirely  futile  Their  fronds  generally  spread 
out  on  being  clear  of  the  surface  on  which  the 
rootstock  is  growing  ;  so  that  buds,  were  they 
produced  on  them,  would  reach  no  surface  in 
which  to  become  established  while  connected  with 
the  plant  ;  and  were  they  to  acquire  roots  and  then 
drop,  in  the  way  I  have  described  as  accomplished 
by  some  of  the  terrestrial  species,  they  would  fall 
to  the  ground,  where,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
they  must  necessarily  perish — such  a  situation  being 
the  antithesis  of  what  they  require.  Even  among 
those  scandent  species  wiiith  begin  their  life  on  the 
ground,  but  only  attain  perfection  by  ascending  trees, 
in  which  it  might  succeed,  I  have  met  no  instance. 
Many  of  the  epiphytal  species  drop  their  fronds  by 
disarticulation,  which  would  also  disadvantageoujiy 
aft'ect  the  success  of  most  forms  of  frond-proliferation. 
Disarticulation  is  not  confined  to  the  epiphytal  divi- 
sion, but  in  either  division  I  have  observed  no  case  of 
frond-proliferation  coexistent  with  it.  Some  Tree 
Ferns,  in  which  the  growth  is  periodic,  curiously 
illustrate  it  by  dropping  all  their  fronds  during  the 
season  of  wet,  the  trunks  standing  as  bare  poles  till 
the  next  tier  of  leaves  is  thrown  out.  This  habit 
would  be  as  fatal  to  any  of  the  ordinary  forms 
of  bud-proliferation  as  the  perishing  of  the 
fronds  with  the  approach  of  winter,  which  is 
usual  in  the  terrestrial  division  in  a  cold  climate. 
With  regard  to  this  periodical  growth,  in  some 
species  of  Tree  Ferns  I  have  on  two  or  three  or 
more  occasions  witnessed  a  remarkable  instance  of 
intelligence  on  the  part  of  birds.  It  is  known,  of 
course,  that  in  some  of  the  tribe  (Cyathoe)  the  growth 
is  continuous  all  through  the  year,  while  in  others  it 
is  intermittent.  The  former  throw  up  their  fronds 
one  after  the  other ;  the  latter,  at  least  when  they 
first  start  into  growth,  several  simultaneously,  or 
nearly  so.  Prior  to  this  growth  the  incipient  fronds 
are  tightly  coiled,  forming  a  rim  to  the  top  of  the 
trunk,  which,  surrounded  by  the  petioles  of  the  pre- 
ceding tier  of  fronds,  is  like  the  centre  of  a  shuttU- 
cock.  Recognising  the  period  of  dormancy  and  its 
duration  in  this  species,  birds  sometimes  build  their 
nests  at  the  top  of  the  trunk  on  the  rudimentary  fronds, 
supported  by  the  leaves  of  the  surrounding  developed 
fronds.  Here  they  hatch  and  rear  their  young  before 
the  growth  smarts.  Were  it  to  begin  before  the  brood 
had  fled  the  consequence  would  be  more  disastrous  to 
the  little  family  than  an  earthquake,  for  the  nest  is 
first  lifted  by  the  uncoiling  fronds,  and  then  a?, 
rapidly,  they  more  and  more  diverge,  is  turned  over. 
The  birds  must  also  be  able  to  distinguish  the 
species  of  intermittent  from  those  of  unintermittent 
growth,  for  I  have  never  observed  an  a'tempt 
to  build  on  any  of  the  latter.  This  seems  to 
me  a  case  of  true  discrimination  and  intelligent 
appreciation  of  facts  in  Nature  in  birds. 

But  to  return  to  our  subject.  I  have  mentioned 
that  the  only  form  of  proliferation  found  in  Tree  Ferns 
is  a  generally  very  casual  budding  of  the  stem,  which 
results  in  furcation,  or,  where  it  is  habitual,  in 
fascicles  of  stems.  The  new  divisions  generally 
throw  out  aerial  roots  at  the  base,  by  which,  if  the 
part  falls  ofl",  it  may  become  established.  If  taken 
off  with  the  roots  developed,  such  young  stems  readily 
grow,  like  cuttings.  Several  species  of  Tree  Fern 
throw  out  aerial  roots  on  their  stems  under  the 
influence  of  moisture,  often  several  feet  upwards  from 
the  ground.  Perhaps  ail  do  to  some  extent,  but 
under  the  same  conditions  it  is  manifested  very 
unequally  by  diflerent  species.  These  root-fibres  are 
very  dense  generally,  and  greatly  increase  the  diameter 
of  the  stem  in  those  cases  in  which  it  is  most  deve- 
loped. I  have  come  across  examples  so  stout,  tnper- 
ing  upwards  from  the  ground,  that  I  could  not  clasp 
the  stem  in  my  arms.  When  wounded  on  the  stem 
some  species  also  readily  emit  roots,  and  but  raiely 
buds.     This  facility  in  tooting  might  be  taken  advan- 


tage of  by  cultivators,  who,  instead  of  destroying  Tree 
Ferns  which  become  too  tall  for  their  houses,  might, 
by  erecting  a  box  filled  with  soil  on  the  stem  at  any 
desired  point,  shorten  the  stem  to  that  extent.  When 
the  box  becomes  filled  with  the  roots  the  stem  could 
be  cut  just  beneath  it,  and  the  plant  lowered  to  the 
ground  and  planted  again.  I  have  done  this  with 
wild  Ferns,  leaving  the  matter  entirely  to  Nature  till 
the  time  for  severance  arrived,  and  thus  obtained  a 
large,  wide-spreading  plant  in  full  fruit,  with  a  stem 
so  short  as  not  to  be  clear  of  the  surface  of  the 
ground. 

Turning  from  Tree  Ferns  to  those  of  the  order 
which  exhibit  the  other  extreme  of  stature— the 
Hymenophylleae— I  know  of  but  one  instance  in  this 
tribe,  and  that  a  case  of  frond-proliferation — which 
occurs  in  a  polymorphous  terrestrial  species,  and 
which  I  shall  have  to  refer  to  again.  Possibly  root- 
proliferation  occurs  in  the  tribe,  but  I  have  not 
observed  it. 

(r^  /..■  co„ti„md.) 


"HORTI    FLORIDI,"   1614— 161;.  . 

Mi;.  F.  W.  BtJRIilDGE,  in  his  interesting  notes  on 
the  "Garden  of  Flowers"  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  of  September  12,  p.  346,  has  mentioned 
my  name,  soliciting  me  to  give  some  information  about 
the  old  garden  books  which  were  published  from 
1614  to  1617  js  J/orli  Fioridi  at  Arnheim  and  Utrecht 
in  the  North  Netherlands.  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to 
do  so,  as  I  am  fortunate  enough  to  possess  in  my 
library  different  copies  of  these  very  curious  and  rare 
works. 

These  books  are  interesting  from  a  horticultural 
point  of  view,  as  they  are  examples  of  the  oldest 
garden  books  we  possess.  The  original  engravings 
are  good,  and,  as  already  mentioned  by  Mr.  Kurbidge, 
have  been  frequently  reproduced  in  subsequent  works, 
so,  among  others,  in  the  different  German  "  Fiori- 
legium  "  ;  for  example,  in  Merian's  Fiorikxinin  re- 
mva/tiiii  el  aiulum,  published  in  1641  at  Frankfurt- 
on-the-Main. 

The  books  are  rarities,  as  a  corajjlete  copy  of 
one  of  the  editions  never  seems  to  be  met  with,  some 
plate  or  another  being  always  missing,  and  the 
copies  described  are  nearly  all  different  in  some 
way. 

As  Crispin  de  Pas  and  his  family  were  well  known 
engravers  of  the  time,  the  books  have  their  interest 
in  the  history  of  Art,  especially  as  from  the  younger 
De  Pas,  the  principal  engraver  of  the  work,  but  few 
engravings  are  known. 

There  are  three  diff.-rent  editions  known  of  this 
Ilnrlus  FtoriJus—s.  Dutch  one,  which  is,  perhaps,  the 
original  one,  a  Latin  one,  which  is  that  best  known 
and  mentioned  in  bibliographic  literature  ;  and  an 
English  one— that  mentioned  in  the  former  number  of 
the  Gaideners'  Chronicle.  Other  copies  are  men- 
tioned, one  with  a  French  and  others  with  a  German 
title ;  these,  however,  contain  no  text,  but  only 
plates. 

The  bibliographical  books  are  incomplete  or  incor- 
rect in  their  details  as  to  these  I/orti.  In  J.  T.  Seguier's 
BiliUolheca  B!)lanica(H3.g\\s,  1740),  the  dale  of  one 
of  the  editions  is  erroneously  given  as  1607  instead 
of  1617,  and  an  Amsterdam  edition  of  1651  in  folio, 
another  of  16S4  in  quarlo,  and  an  Arnheim  edition 
of  1615  in  folio,  are  all  mentioned,  but  all  which  I 
suppose  to  be  very  doubtful. 

.Albert  von  Haller  (Bibliotheca  Botaniue,  1771), 
copies  Seguier.  The  English  edition  is  mentioned 
in  both  these  works  next  to  the  Latin  one. 

In  Pritzel's  Thesaurus  Lileralurie  Bolanice  (Lipsise, 
1S51)  both  editions  are  mentioned,  sub.  No.  7796, 
with  reference  to  Seguier  and  Haller.  In  the 
second  edition  of  Priizel— edited  by  Dr.  Carolus 
Jessen  (L'psia;,  1872),  finished  in  1877— the  Latin 
edition  is  mentioned,  as  in  the  first  edition  unaltered 
(sub.  No.  6972),  and  the  English  edition  is  omitted  ; 
and  sub.  No.  6973  it  gives,  under  a  separate  title,  the 
last  part  of  the  former  book,  viz.  :  — 

"  Cognoscite  liliaagri  quoniodo  crescunt,  non  laborant 
neque  nent  attamen  dico  vobis  ne  Salomonem  quidtm 
in  universa  gloria  sua  sic  aniictum  fuisse  de  unum  ex  his 
Matih.,  6  cap.  Formulis  Crispiani  Passnji  et  Joannis 
Welldnellii." 

These  books  have  frequently  given  occasion  to 
bibliographical  theories,  among  others  in  the  Z^rf/w- 
gialhica  Advcrsaiia,  published  in  Dutch  by  Martinus 
NihbIT,  at  the  Higue,  where,  in  vol.  ii..  No.  6 
(1S75),  Ph.  T.  J.  Arnold  gives  a  monograph  of  the 
book.     His  study,    however,    is  far    from   complete, 


396 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26, 


and  several  columns  ol  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
would  be  necessary  to  describe  all  the  variations  in 
the  copies  found  in  various  places. 

The  title  of  the  Dutch  edition  begins  as  fol- 
lows : — 

"Den  Blom-hof  in  hovdende  de  rare  oft  ongeme(!:-ae 
blomtnea  die  op  den  tegenwoodigven  lijdt  bij  De  Lief- 
hufers  in  estimate  quehouden  werde,"  &c. 

This  edition  was  printed  at  Utrecht  for  Crispin  van 
de  Pas,  anno  1614.  At  the  second  page  (back  of 
title)  a  list  is  given  of  some  florists  from  whose 
gardens  the  flowers  published  in  the  work  have  been 
drawn  and  engraved.  This  list  contains  fifteen  names 
from  Utrecht,  five  from  Amsterdam,  five  from 
Haarlem,  and  two  from  Leiden.  The  title  of  my 
Latin  edition  is  as  follows  : — 

"  Pass.eUS  CrispinuS.— //ur/wi  Floridus  in  quo 
rariorum  a  minus  vulgarium  florum  icones  ad  vivum 
veramque  forma  maccuratissime  delinealDS  et  secundum 
quatuor  anni  tempora  divisfe  exibentur,  incredibile 
labore  ac  diligentia  Crispini  Passaei  junioris  delineatae 
ac  suum  in  ordinem  redactn^.'  Arnihemii,  apud  Jansson- 
ium,  1614  ( — 17),  4,  oblong,  184  foil,  et  tab." 

The  book  was  published  in  parts.  There  are 
some  copies  made  to  imitate  this.  Later,  the  plates 
were  aranged  in  the  bound  copies  in  different 
ways.  The  book  is  divided  into  two  equal  parts 
of  which  the  first  contains  the  flowers  of 
spring,  summer,  autumn,  and  winter.  The  spring 
division  was  published  in  1S14  ;  the  summer,  only 
with  a  Latin  text,  at  Arnheim  in  1S17  ;  the  autumn, 
with  Litin  text,  at  Arnheim  in  1816  ;  and  winter, 
with  Latin  text,  without  indication  of  place  or  year 
of  publication  ;  in  a  second  copy  in  my  library 
Utrecht  is  given  as  the  printing  place  of  this  part. 

The  second  general  part  of  the  work  is  entitled 
*'  Altera  pars  horti  floridi,"  &c.,  and  has  a  second 
title,  the  verse  of  Matthew  cited  above. 

All  these  editions  are  excessively  rare,  and  are 
likely  to  become  so  more  and  more.  As  a  proof  how 
much  they  are  valued  it  may  be  mentioned  that  in  one 
of  the  last  lists  of  the  well-known  bookseller,  Mr. 
Bernard  (juaritch,  London  (rough  list,  Ixxii.), 
September,  1SS5,  p.  655,  another  totally  complete 
copy  of  the  Latm  edition  is  priced  at  £\o. 

The  English  edition  seems  to  be  the  scarcest  of  all. 
I  bought  my  copy  in  1S6S  from  the  antiquarian  stores 
of  Mr.  Frederick  Muller  at  Amsterdam,  at  a  high 
price.  The  copy  was  advertised  as  exceedingly  rare. 
I  have  never  met  with  another  English  copy  since, 
till  I  found  that  of  Mr.  William  Baylor  Hartland, 
mentioned  in  his  little  Book  of  Daffodils  (Cork, 
1885),  where,  at  the  inside  of  the  cover,  a  piece  of 
poetry  from  Thomas  Wood,  out  of  this  book,  is 
printed. 

My  English  copy  has  no  separate  titles  for  the  four 
patts  of  the  year,  nor  a  principal  title  for  the  second 
part  of  the  book.  At  Mr.  Burbidge's  request  I  give 
here  the  full  title  of  the  book,  written  in  the  same 
way  as  it  is  printed  :  — 

A    GARDEN  OF  FLOWERS, 

Wherein  Veiy 

Lively  is  contained  a  trve 

and  perfect  discription 

of  al  the  llowers  contained 

in  these  fovre  foHov/inge  fiookes. 

As  also  the  perfect  trve  Man- 
ner of  colovringe  the  same 
with  theire  naturall  colo\Tes,  beinge 
all  in  theire  seasons  the  most  rarest  and' 
excellentest  flowers,  that  the  world  affordeth  ;    ministeringe 
both  plea- 
sure and  delight  to  the  spectator,  and  most  espetially 
to  the  well  affected  piactisioner. 

All  which  to  the  great  charges, 

and  almost  incredible  labour  and  paine,  the  diligent  Authore  by 
foure  yeares  experience,  hath  very  Laboriously  compiled,  and 
most  excellently  perfor- 
med, both  in  theire  perfect  Lineaments  in  representing  them 
in  their  coper-plates : 
as  also  after  a  most  exquisite  manner  and  methode  in 
teachinge  the  practi- 
sioner  the  patnte  them  even  to  the  lifTe. 

Faithfully  and  trvely  translated  ovt  of  the  Netherland- 
dish  originall  into  English  for  the  comon  benefite  of  those  that 
vnderstand  no  other  langua- 
ges, and  also  for  the  benefite  of  others  newly  printed  both 
in  the  Latine  and 
French  tongues  all  at  the  charges  of  the  Author. 
Printed  at  Utretcht,  By  Salomon  de  Roy,  for  Crispian 
de  Passe.     1615. 


On  the  other  side  of  this  title  is  printed  an  acrostic 
upon  Crispian  van  de  Passe,  junior,  from  Thomas 
Wood,  which  is  as  follows  : — 

THE  BOOKE   TO    HIS  READERS. 

C  OME  hither  you  that  much  desire, 

R  are  flowers  of  dyvers  Landes  : 

I  represent  the  same  to  you, 

S  et  downe  vnto  youre  handes. 

P  resentinge  them  vnto  your  vew, 

I  n  perfect  shape,  and  faire  : 

A  nd  also  teach  to  coloure  them, 

N  ot  missinge  of  a  haire. 

V  sing  such  couloures  as  requires, 
A  master  workemans  will 

N  ol  swnrvinge  thence  in  any  case, 

D  eclaringe  there  his  skill. 

E  ach  flower  his  proper  lineament, 

P  resentes  from  top  to  toe  ; 

A  nd  shewes  both  Roote,  budd,  blade  and  Stalke, 

S  o  as  each  one  doth  growe. 

S  paringe  no  paines,  nor  charge  I  have, 

E  ach  seasons  flower  to  passe  : 

I  n  winter,  Somer,  Springe  and  fall. 

V  ntil  this  compleate  was. 

N  ow  vse  this  same  for  thy  delight, 

I  nioy  it  as  thou  wilt : 

O  f  blotts  and  blurrs  most  carefully 

R  efraine,  or  else  t'is  spilt.  Thomas  W'ood. 

FINIS. 

Although  neither  of  the  four  different  copies  I  possess 
is  quite  complete,  I  can  form  out  of  them  at  least  one 
complete  copy  ;  this  ought  to  consist  of  the  following 
plates  : — Spring,  I — 54  ;  summer,  I — 20  ;  autumn, 
I — 25,  with  two  supplementary  plates;  winter, 
I  — 12.  Second  part,  figures  I  — 120,  on  sixty-one 
plates.  To  give  further  particulars  would  necessitate 
too  much  time  and  space. 

As  before  said,  the  family  of  De  Pas  were  well- 
known  engravers.  Crispin  de  Pas,  the  father,  was 
born  in  Zeelande,  and  was  a  very  productive  engraver. 
Eight  hundred  and  sixty-one  works  are  known  from 
him,  partly  after  Geldoopuis,  Goltsius,  F.  R.  Pourbus, 
Maubeuge,  Martijn  de  Vos,  Paul  Morels,  and  others. 
He  was  assisted  by  his  relatives,  namely,  by  Crispin 
de  Pas,  jun.;  Simon  Guilhaume,  Crispina,  Barbara 
and  Magdalene  de  Pas.  The  plates  of  the  Hortiis 
floridus  are  principally  from  the  hand  of  Crispin  de 
Pas,  jun.  ;  however,  he  had  collaborators  among 
his  family,  at  least  plate  32  of  the  spring,  L.  Tulipa, 
alba  cum  rubr.  flam,  et  funebut,  is  signed  Willem 
Pas  f.  (Simon  Guilhaume).  By  a  closer  examination 
of  the  work,  which  at  present  time  does  not  permit 
me  to  make,  some  more  particulars  might  be  given  ; 
nevertheless  what  is  said  above  I  suppose  will  satisfy 
the  esteemed  inquirer,  y.  H.  Krelagc^  Haarlem^ 
Sept.  14. 


CALANTHES. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  more  useful  class  of 
plants  than  the  three  Calanthes  I  shall  here  mention, 
as  they  bloom  during  the  most  gloomy  part  of  our 
winter,  their  colours  are. distinct  and  bright,  and 
their  flower-spikes  are  tall,  arching  very  gracefully, 
and  the  plants  have  a  charming  effect  when  dotted 
about  amongst  other  plants.  They  continue  to  bloom 
for  three,  and  even  four  months,  and  no  plants  are  so 
easy  to  cultivate  where  a  little  heat  is  at  command. 
These  qualities  should  place  them  in  the  front  rank  of 
winter-blooming  plants,  while  any  one  may  grow  them 
without  incurring  the  expense  of  building  Orchid- 
houses  ;  although  those  who  have  such  structures 
may  grow  them  to  a  higher  state  of  perfection. 
Few  Orchid  growers  would  consider  their  collec- 
tion com^ilete  if  it  did  not  include  the  Calanthes. 

Those  which  I  refer  to  are  C.  Veitchii,  the  red- 
flowering  fine  variety,  from  the  eminent  firm  at 
Chelsea  ;  the  next  is  C.  nivalis,  a  pure  white  variety, 
and  a  favourite  with  every  one  ;  the  third  is 
C.  vestita,  white  with  a  ruby  eye  —  in  fact,  there 
are  two  forms  of  this,  one  of  which  has  a  yellowish 
eye  :  both  are  pretty.  The  cultural  details  are  very 
simple  and  easy  of  accomplishment  if  only  heat  is  at 
command.  But  like  all  other  plants  they  have  their 
preferences.  The  plants  like  plenty  of  water  when 
growing  vigorously,  good  open  compost  in  which 
to  grow,  a  light  position  near  the  glass  where  the 
light  may  assist  the  foliage  to  expand  and  develope, 
a  little  bottom-heat  in  their  earlier  stages  of  growth, 
and  a  gradual  ripening-off  process  which  ends  in  a 
state  of  perfect  rest. 

By  the  time  they  have  done  flowering  the  roots 


will  have  fulfilled  their  duty,  the  foliage  will  have 
died  away,  when  water  should  be  entirely  withheld 
until  the  bulbs  recommence  growth,  when  they  should 
be  shaken  out  of  the  pots  and  started  afresh,  com- 
mencing with  the  earliest  indication  of  growth  at  the 
base  of  the  bulbs,  in  March  or  April.  As  these  grow 
and  become  strong  they  will  push  out  new  roots  ; 
before  this  takes  place  the  plants  should  be  turned 
out  of  their  pots  and  have  the  old  soil  quite  removed.- 
All  the  roots  should  be  cut  away  (for  these  will  be 
dead),  the  old  bulbs  should  be  removed  from  the  new, 
for  nothing  will  be  gained  by  retaining  these  old  bulbs, 
so,  for  the  present,  they  may  be  laid  aside.  The  pot- 
ting process  must  be  so  well  known  that  I  need  not 
enter  fully  into  that.  Sufficient  to  say  that  the  pots 
should  be  clean  and  dry,  well,  but  not  heavily  crocked. 
The  compost  should  be  half  decayed  fibry  turf,  broken 
into  pieces,  good  peat,  also  broken  up  —  about 
equal  parts  ;  some  sphagnum  cut  up  rather  short  ; 
some  crocks  and  charcoal  broken  up  small,  and 
then  mixed  altogether  with  the  hand.  Fill  the  pot 
nearly  to  the  rim,  take  one  or  more  bulbs  and  care- 
fully place  them  on  the  compost,  then  pack  them  well 
round  without  injuring  the  young  growths,  shake 
some  sharp  sand  over  the  surface,  and  the  potting  is 
done. 

A  little  sand  may  be  shaken  in  with  the  com- 
post, while  the  pots  are  being  filled,  if  the  peat  and 
loam  should  be  of  a  heavy  close  nature.  A  few 
pieces  of  dry  cow-dung  may  also  be  added  if  the 
other  ingredients  are  poor  ;  but  soft  unctuous  manure 
must  not  be  added  on  any  account.  The  potting 
business  being  finished,  the  plants  may  be  set  in  any 
warm  and  somewhat  dark  place  for  a  fortnight — by 
that  time  young  roots  will  be  pushing  their  way  into 
the  dry  sweet  compost,  which  will  now  require  to  be 
well  watered.  This  must  be  done  through  a  rose  in 
a  careful  manner,  so  that  neither  bulbs  nor  compost 
shall  be  displaced.  Very  little  more  water  will  be  re- 
quired for  some  time.  A  wet,  sour  soil  is  one  of  the 
things  the  plants  dislike,  and  must,  therefore,  be 
avoided. 

But  the  question  will  now  arise.  Where  are  the 
plants  to  be  put  for  their  season's  growth  ?  I 
must  answer  by  giving  my  own  practice.  I  used  to 
put  them  in  an  ordinary  hotbed  where  the  tempera- 
ture was  kept  up  by  means  of  dung  linings  ;  but  this 
was  a  very  troublesome  affair,  and  risky  as  well,  as 
makeshifts  often  are.  Nevertheless  I  kept  the 
plants  there  till  the  bulbs  began  to  swell.  I 
then  removed  them  to  a  shelf  in  the  stove,  where 
they  finished  up  their  growth  and  flowered.  But 
the  best  place  I  have  found  is  in  a  small  Cucum- 
ber house,  one  end  of  which  we  use  for  propagating 
purposes  in  early  spring.  The  house  is  a  lean-to, 
having  a  bed  along  one  side,  with  pipes  under  it,  a 
path  through  the  centre,  and  shelves  on  the  other 
side.  The  pots  are  set  on  the  bed,  and  remain 
there  till  the  bulbs  are  well  formed  and  the  bloom- 
spikes  appear ;  then  they  are  removed  to  the  shelves 
for  a  few  weeks,  and  when  the  flowers  appear 
they  are  taken  to  the  cool  side  of  the  stove,  where 
they  remain  till  flowers  and  foliage  die  away,  unless 
any  are  required  for  the  conservatory,  which  is  some- 
times the  case  ;  but  this  structure  being  for  the  most 
part  filled  with  Chrysanthemums,  is  kept  a  little  too 
cold  for  the  Calanthes.  The  plants  dislike  strong 
sun,  especially  in  their  earlier  stages  of  growth,  and 
therefore  must  be  thinly  shaded.  They  dislike  cold 
water,  either  at  the  roots  or  over  the  foliage  ;  therefore 
all  the  water  used  for  them  should  be  about  the  same 
temperature  as  the  atmosphere  of  the  house.  They 
dislike  a  dry  atmosphere,  sudden  changes,  cold 
draughts,  dirt  on  the  foliage,  rough  handling,  and  a 
low  temperature  all  the  while  they  are  growing,  A 
range  of  from  60°  to  So"  for  day  and  night,  sunshine 
or  clouds,  will  answer  at  that  season  ;  50°  to  60°  will 
do  for  the  flowering  season,  and  50°  to  55°  for  resting. 
Under  these  conditions,  and  with  ordinary  care,  they 
will  grow  very  freely,  producing  fine  spikes  of 
bloom.  I  have  just  measured  a  bulb  of  C. Veitchii,  and 
find  it  12  inches  high  and  S  inches  in  circumference, 
C.  nivalis  is  as  large,  and  most  of  them  are  pushing 
two  spikes  of  bloom  from  each  bulb.  By  the  time 
they  have  finished  up  I  dare  say  the  strongest  bulbs 
will  be  15  inches  high.  I  consider  this  very  satis- 
factory, and  expect  to  see  fine  blooms  by-and- 
bye. 

Now  a  word  about  the  old  bulbs,  which  may  be  laid 
aside.  If  an  increase  of  stock  be  required,  and  these 
are  breaking,  they  may  be  potted  up  just  like  the 
others,  only  in  smaller  pots  or  more  of  them  in  a  pot, 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


397 


and  some  useful  plants  may  be  thus  obtained,  which 
will  probably  bloom  the  next  autumn,  and  will  certainly 
do  so  the  following.  But  if  a  sufficient  stock  be  already 
potted  up  and  srowing,  or  if  these  old  bulbs  are  not 
breaking  or  likely  to  do  so  then  throw  them  away. 
About  the  time  the  spikes  are  pushing  well  up  and 
showing  their  flower-buds  the  foliage  begins  to  fade, 
get  spotted  and  die  away,  which  is  rather  unfortunate, 
so  far  as  the  look  is  concerned. 

But  the  skill  of  the  cultivator  must  be  brought  to 
bear  here,  and  while  every  care  should  be  taken  to 
retain  the  foliage  in  all  its  beauty  as  long  as  possible, 
yet  we  must  not  try  to  subvert  Nature  in  this 
case,  but  rather  assist  and  improve  her,  if  we  can. 
Shortly  after  the  plants  have  been  potted  and  are 
set  in  their  growing  quarters  take  some  old  ripe 
fronds  of  Maidenhair  or  other  Ferns  and  lay  them  on 
the  pots  to  remain  there  for  a  week  or  more,  and  by- 
and-bye  the  result  will  appear,  for  by  the  time  the 
foliage  begins  to  die  off,  there  will  be  some  beautiful 
young  Ferns  peeping  up  amongst  it. 

But  a  word  of  caution  must  be  given,  for  as  the 
Calanthes  are  the  things  to  be  cultivated,  they  must 
have  the  first  consideration  ;  so  too  many  Ferns  must 
not  be  allowed  to  grow,  neither  must  water  be  given 


some  of  the  new  sorts  of  last  year  and  the  present ; 
yet  it  is  more  for  the  improved  shape  of  the  flowers, 
substance  in  the  petals,  brilliancy  and  purity  of  the 
colours,  that  most  growers  will  prize  the  new 
varieties. 

Some  of  this  year's  seedlings  at  Swanley,  of  single 
varieties,  whilst  being  perfect  in  shape  and  the  flowers 
large  enough  to  satisfy  reasonable  ideas,  are  a  decided 
advance  in  the  brilliancy  of  their  colour,  which  in  the 
case  of  several  of  the  reds  and  crimsons  vies  with  the 
intense  shade  present  in  a  few  of  the  highest  coloured 
Roses.  In  yellows  and  whites,  purity  of  colour  com- 
bined with  form  alike  stand  out  ahead  of  those  that 
have  hitherto  been  accepted  as  the  best  sorts.  The 
sturdy,  |hort-jointed  habit  of  growth  in  the  plants, 
with  their  flowers  borne  erect  above  the  foliage,  is 
such  as  to  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  in  this  direc- 
tion. The  Swanley  seedlings  occupy  a  number  of 
the  long  span-roofed  hou;es,  which  collectively  pre- 
sent a  sheet  of  bloom  through  the  summer  such  as  is 
equalled  by  few  other  plants.  Amongst  quantities  of 
new  kinds  of  the  present  and  last  season's  raising, 
which  I  recently  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing,  the 
following  are  the  most  remarkable  ; — 

Cn'nt'on  Circle. — Bright  crimson,    veined  with   in- 


FlG.    86.  —  REGULAR    PELORIA   OF    FOXGLOVE.       {SEE    V.    4OO.] 


merely  to  keep  the  Ferns  growing  when  it  is  not  re- 
quired by  the  Orchids.  The  Ferns,  however,  will  be 
very  pretty  for  a  time,  and  as  the  drying  off  process 
goes  on,  and  water  is  withheld,  they  may  be  cut 
away  to  do  duty  with  cut  flowers.  When  the 
plants  have  done  flowering  they  should  be  kept 
quite  dry  and  stored  away  till  potting  time  comes 
round  again.    N.  Bland/ord. 


TUBEROUS    BEGONIAS    AT 

SWANLEY. 
A  KNOWLEDGE  of  what  has  already  been  accom- 
plished by  hybridising  would  naturally  induce  caution 
in  placing  a  limit  to  the  possible  in  the  raising 
of  new  varieties  ;  still  those  who  were  most  san- 
guine would  scarcely  have  credited  that  the  present 
race  of  tuberous  Llejionias,  in  their  all  but  endless 
forms  and  shades  of  colour,  could  have  sprung  from 
the  few,  comparatively  insignificant,  species  that  the 
hybridisers  had  to  work  from  ;  yet  year  by  year  the 
raisers  have  gone  on  bringing  out  new  varieties  that 
are  so  far  in  advance  in  the  habit  of  the  plants,  the 
quantity  of  their  flowers,  and  the  brilliancy  of  their 
colours,  that  the  produce  of  each  succeeding  season 
shows  a  marked  improvement  on  those  before  exist- 
ent. Those  who  are  fond  of  varieties  that  bear 
gigantic  flowers  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  satisfied  with 


tense  scarlet.  The  flowers  are  as  circular  as  a  well- 
developed  Christmas  Rose,  and  about  the  same 
size. 

A'cy  Circle,  —  Anotlier  broad  -  petailed  circular 
flower ;  colour  intense  rose. 

Queen  of  Koses. — A  bold,  full-sized  flower;  colour 
deep  rose,  shaded  with  magenta ;  habit  unusually 
robust  and  short-jointed. 

Alai^enta. —  Flowers  full-sized,  deep  magenta  in 
colour. 

Floribimda.  —  Medium-sized  flowers,  vivid  scarlet 
in  colour,  and  produced  in  such  quantities  as  to  nearly 
hide  the  foliage. 

Cannell^s  Favoiaite. — Flowers  medium  in  size, 
colour  bright  crimson,  the  petals  overlapping  each 
other  so  as  to  scarcely  show  where  they  meet. 

Earl  of  Bcsiboroucji.  —  Medium-sized  flowers, 
ground  colour  lemon,  outer  edge  of  petals  red,  centre 
pale  violet  ;  a  very  distinct  and  beautiful  variety,  and 
a  profuse  bloomer. 

Sabnoiiea. — A  full-sized  flower,  beautiful  in  form  ; 
the  colour  is  a  peculiar  shade  of  salmon.  One  of  the 
freest  bloomers. 

Rose  Ferfection. — This  sort  bears  an  abundance  of 
large  finely-formed  flowers,  bright  rose  in  colour. 

Crimson  Kins^.  —  Flowers  of  unusual  substance  in 
the  petals,  which  in  most  cases  come  in  fives,  one 
more  than  the  usual  number.  The  colour  is  deep 
ciimsoD,  with  magenta  centre. 


Mrs.  NasJi. — Rosy-crimson  ;  a  fine  and  very  dis- 
tinct-looking sort. 

Pink  FerjecUon. — A  finely  formed  flower;  bright 
pink  in  colour. 

Mrs.  Li/'iliorp. — Another  finely  formed  flower  ; 
colour  bright  crimson,  shaded  with  magenta. 

Iiuiian  Chief. — The  flowers  of  this  variety  are  of 
remarkable  substance,  standing  when  cut,  consider- 
ably longer  than  any  sort  I  have  met  with.  Colour 
indian-yellow,  of  a  more  decided  shade  than  I  have 
before  seen. 

Violet  Gem.—K  grand  flower,  all  aglow  with  violet 
colour,  such  as  is  present  in  the  centre  of  some  of  the 
large  bloomed  kinds  of  Cactus. 

Countess  of  Bessborou^h. — Flowers  circular,  of 
medium  size  ;  clear  bright  yellow  in  colour. 

Crimson  Perfection. — A  beautiful  circular  flower, 
brilliant  crimson  in  colour  ;  the  flowers  are  borne 
quite  erect.    One  of  the  finest  amongst  the  collection. 

Queen  of  Vello-ws. — A  pure  yellow,  deep  in  shade  ; 
excellent  form  and  good  habit. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Murray-Stuart. — A  flower  of  immense 
size,  with  very  broad  petals  ;  colour  bright  pink. 

Glo-.i'worm. — A  full-sized,  beautifully  formed  flower; 
colour  bright  ruby-crimson.  There  is  nothing  amongst 
the  brightest  of  the  zonal  Pelargoniums  that  surpasses 
this  Begonia  for  brilliancy  of  colour. 

King  of  Agonias. —  Floviets  of  large  size,  unex- 
ceptionable in  shape  ;  colour  reddish-crimson. 

Wonderful. — A  fine  sort,  alike  for  the  size,  sub- 
stance, and  form  of  the  flowers,  which  are  bright  red 
in  colour. 

Rosea  nia^nifica. — A  fine  flower  every  way  ;  colour 
bright  rose. 

Perfection. — Another  fine  shaped  flower,  bright 
glossy  red  in  colour. 

Kin^  of  the  Crimsons. — A  large  bold  flower  ;  deep 
crimson,  distinctly  shaded  with  maroon. 

Rosy  Morn. — This  is  one  of  the  brightest  flowers 
of  its  colour,  rosy-purple,  and  of  good  shape. 

Pink  Perfection. — One  of  the  best  habited  sorts  that 
has  appeared,  and  a  very  free  flowerer  ;  colour  soft 
pink. 

Atchalus. — An  immense  flower,  with  very  broad 
petals  ;  colour  bright  red. 

Leviathan. — An  enormous  flower,  over  6  inches 
in  diameter  ;  colour  salmon-rose. 

Charles  Felloios. — A  scarlet  flowered  variety,  with 
stout,  thick,  broad  petals,  each  of  which  often 
measure  2\  inches  across. 

Ma^og. — Dark  crimson  in  colour,  flowers  almost 
circular,  petals  of  great  size,  more  than  3  inches  wide. 

Double  Varieties. 

Double-flowered  Begonias,  like  double  flowers  of 
other  things,  find  many  admirers,  one  of  their 
chief  merits  being  in  their  greater  endurance. 
Yet  with  Begonias,  except  when  the  flowers  are 
required  for  cutting,  this  is  not  of  so  much  conse- 
quence as  in  the  case  of  plants  that  do  not  give  a 
succession  of  bloom,  as  every  bit  of  growth  they  make 
produces  flowers  which  keep  on  opening  so  as  to  take 
the  place  of  those  that  drop  in  a  way  that  keeps  up 
an  uninterrupted  succession  from  the  time  the  plants 
begin  to  bloom  until  there  is  not  enough  warmth  and 
light  in  the  greenhouse  to  enable  them  to  continue 
flowering. 

As  those  who  have  any  acquaintance  with  Bego- 
nias do  not  require  to  be  told,  there  are  two  dis- 
tinct forms  which  the  plants  assume  when  they 
appear  in  double  form.  In  one,  which  might  be 
called  the  Pceony-formed  division,  the  flowers  have 
confused  centres  like  those  of  a  double  Pseony  ;  in 
the  other,  that  may  be  termed  the  Rose-pelalled 
section,  the  petals  are  even  and  imbricated,  like  those 
of  a  well-shaped  Rose.  By  most  people  the  latter— 
although  not  so  large  as  the  former — will  be  voted 
'.he  most  attractive.  Double  varieties  do  not  so  far 
seem  to  appear  so  frequently  with  the  raisers  in  this 
country  as  on  the  Continent.  Amongst  the  best 
doubles  grown  at  Swanley  may  be  named  : — 

Mons.  Je  Venue. — A  glossy  crimson,  large  in  size, 
and  a  free  bloomer. 

Louis  Je  Goussaincourt. — A  very  large  sort,  with 
bright  pink  flowers. 

Madame  Castaignez. — A  distinct  and  effective  sort, 
with  large  flowers  ;  bright  pink  in  colour. 

Ruhni  von  Erfurt. — A  medium  sized  variety,  with 
rich  orange-scarlet  flowers  of  beautiful  form  ;  a  free- 
bloomer,  and  of  good  habit  of  growth. 

Virginalis, — One  of  the  best  of  the  double  white 
varieties. 


398 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[SErTElIRER    26,    1S85. 


Blanche Diival.—K  beautiful  flower ;  colourcreamy- 
white  tinted  with  blush. 

Matlamc  Alfred  IVcrle. — A  charming  sort,  buff, 
wiih  purple  shaded  centre. 

A/.  Leooiivc—haii,  tinted  with  blush. 

Gr-andville. — Outer  petals  silvery-white,  centre 
salmon,  edged  with  pink — a  free  erect  flowering  sort. 

Madame  E.  Gall!. — One  of  the  largest  flowered 
varieties — a  free  bloomer  ;  colour  pale  salmon,  with 
orange  centre. 

Madame  Comessc. — A  dwarf  compact  growing 
variety,  with  salmon-shaded  rosy  flowers. 

M.  Tnijfaut. — A  large  variety,  with  flowers  that 
are  a  combination  of  salmon,  sulTuaed  with  red  and 
orange. 

John  Poc.—K  distinct  looking  variety  that  pro- 
duces its  well  shaped  flowers  fjreely  ;  the  colour  is  not 
easy  to  describe,  but  may  be  set  down  as  a  bright 
shade  of  s.ilmon,  suffused  with  pale  blush. 

Madame  Arnoull. — One  of  the  best  sorts,  with 
finely  shaped  flowers — habit-dwarf,  a  free  bloomer; 
colsur  blush-pink,  deepest  at  the  outer  edge  of  the 
petals. 

GabricUc  Legios. — A  large-sized  variety,  with  imbri- 
cated flowers,  which  are  produced  freely ;  colour 
creamy-white,  changing  to  pale  yellow. 

(Quantities  of  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  are  planted 
out  in  the  open  ground,  some  in  beds  consisting  of  a 
single  variety,  and  others  mixed  ;  this  is  done  with  a 
view  to  prove  the  best  kinds  for  bedding  to  meet  the 
different  requirements  of  those  who  want  beds  all  of  a 
colour,  and  of  those  who  prefer  mixtures  of  such  sorts 
as  are  best  suited  for  outdoor  cultivation,  and  which  it 
maybe  well  to  state  are  those  that  bear  comparatively 
small  flowers.  Amongst  the  sorts  for  a  bed  of  one 
colour  are  : — 

Alhaflori'.ninda. — The  best  white,  very  free,  and  a 
compact  grower,  doing  well  in  the  open  air. 

lVorlhiana.—Vz\.<t  red,  3.  dwarf  compact  grower, 
that  flowers  profusely  from  the  beginning  to  the  end 
of  the  season. 

Louis  Bouchct.  —  A  small  flowered,  double  red 
variety,  about  10  inches  high.  A  bed  of  this  sort,  from 
cuttings  struck  this  year,  was  a  complete  mass  of 
bloom. 

Yellow  Bcdder. — A  pure  yellow,  with  a  profuse 
flowering  disposition.  This  plant  has  the  peculiar 
habit  of  keeping  or  thowing  up  blooming  growth  from 
the  bottom  to  an  extent  that  all  but  covers  the  leaves 
with  flowers. 

Mr.  Cannell  is  now  trying  what  can  be  done  in  the 
way  of  crossing  Y>.  Martiana  grandiflora  wiih  some 
others  of  the  fimily.  This  is  a  comparatively  little 
known  plant,  and  is  one  of  the  most  distinct  and  pretty 
of  all  the  kinds  known  to  cultivators.  It  has  a 
branching,  erect  habit,  and  in  the  character  of  its 
growth  is  nearer  that  of  B.  fuchsinides  than  any  other 
with  which  I  am  acquainted. 

Dahlias.— Amongst  other  things  well  managed  at 
Swanley  are  Dahlias,  of  «  hich  about  2  acres  are  grown. 
Soil  and  situation,  combined  with  the  treatment  they 
get,  appear  to  just  suit  them  ;  the  plants  are  unusually 
dwarf  in  growth,  yet  very  strong,  being  kept  well 
thinned  out.  When  I  saw  them  just  after  they  had 
felt  the  effects  of  the  recent  rains  they  were  bearing 
quantities  of  large  finely-formed  flowers.  A  large 
batch  of  seedlings  of  the  Juarezi  type  were  just  begin- 
ning to  open  their  flowers.  Of  single  varieties  all  the 
kinds  worth  cultivating  are  grown. 

Chrysanthemums  are  now  receiving  an  extra 
amount  of  attention,  several  long  span-roofed  houses 
are  being  built  to  accommodate  them  when  in  bloom. 
Three  thousand  are  grown  in  large  pots,  and  a  much 
greater  number  in  small  ones,  so  as  to  be  in  a  condi- 
tion to  send  away  as  required  all  on  through  the 
summer  and  autumn,  durmg  which  season  quantities 
are  despatched  to  America,  Australia,  and  New  Zea- 
land. When  sent  to  places  at  long  distances,  the 
tops  are  reduced  to  about  half  their  length,  and 
the  leaves  removed,  leaving  a  good  length  of  bare 
stem,  in  which  state  they  are  found  to  bear  the 
journey  without  s'jITering  much.  Tuberous  Bego- 
nias and  Chrysanthemums  are  the  plants  most  in 
demand  now  in  America  and  the  distant  colonies. 
T.  B. 


Trofessor  Asa  Gray,  of  Cambridge,  Mass., 
U.S.,  has  lately  been  reminded  by  a  congratulatory 
letter  from  the  oldest  natural  history  society  of  Ger- 
many— the  Imperial  Academia  Leopoldino-Carolina 
Natur.-E  Curiosorium— that  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  it  fifty  years  ago. 


ffl|id  J}otj!3  and  |Ieattinj()s. 


STEN'OGLOTTIS  FIMERIATA. 
In  spite  of  the  smallness  of  the  flowers  of  some 
Orchids  the  whole  aspect  of  the  plant,  together  with 
the  inflorescence,  often  carries  an  indisputable  and 
convincing  charm  with  it  that  ciptivates  the  beholder, 
whether  an  Orchid  lover  or  otherwise.  The  plant 
under  notice  is  the  only  known  species  of  its  kind, 
it  is  terrestrial  in  habit,  and  hails  from  South  Africa, 
where  so  many  species  of  like  character  abound. 
It  is,  moreover,  a  comparatively  recent  introduction, 
and  whether  it  becomes  popular  and  gets  disseminated 
or  not,  its  merits  entitle  it  to  such  distinction.  The 
leaves  are  lanceolate  or  oblong,  collected  in  a  radical 
rosette,  spreading  on  the  ground,  deep  glaucous 
green,  and  heavily  spotted  with  black  or  purplish- 
black  blotches.  The  delicately  coloured  rosy-pink 
flowers  ate  arranged  in  a  somewhat  secund  manner  on 
a  leafless  bracteated  stem.  The  labellum  is  spotted 
with  purple,  and  deeply  divided  into  three  narrow 
segments,  and  is  apparently  the  only  thing  suggesting 
the  specific  name.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  plant  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine^  t.  5S72,  and  a  flowering 
specimen  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew  at  the  present 
time. 

Zygopetalum  Wendlandi. 

The  species  of  the  section  to  which  this  belongs  are 
generally  seen  in  gardens  under  ihc  name  of  Warsce- 
wizeila.  The  scape  is  shoit,  ascending,  and 
l-flowered.  The  flower  is  of  medium  size,  and, 
like  the  most  of  its  congeners  of  the  same  group, 
presents  a  rare  and  delicate  beauty  that  readily 
captivates  the  fancy  of  the  beholder.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  white,  and  so  is  the  greater  part  of  the 
labellum  which  is  erect  and  turned  up  at  the  edges 
in  a  semi-tubular  fashion.  There  is  a  violet  blotch  in 
the  throat  and  three  longitudinal  darker  lines  along 
the  middle,  while  a  delicate  reddish-purple  band  sur- 
rounds the  margin,  ultimately  fading  to  pink.  The 
plant  is  abundantly  furnished  with  leathery,  shining, 
deep  green  leaves,  even  in  the  flowering  season,  and 
the  long  lasting  properties  of  the  flowers  are  amply 
demonstrated  by  a  plant  in  the  cool  division  of  the 
Orchid-house  at  Kew,  where  it  has  been  flowering 
since  the  first  week  in  August  at  least.  J.  P. 

Epidendrum  prismatocarpum. 
This  species,  when  well  grown,  is  distinct  and 
beautiful.  The  plant  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Crawshay  I 
saw  exhibited  at  the  flower  show  at  Sevenoaks,  where 
it  was  awarded  a  1st  prize.  It  was  a  very  good 
variety,  but  not  the  best  form.  The  best  variety  I 
have  ever  seen  was  the  one  exhibited  by  Mr.  Phil- 
brick,  Q.C.,  at  the  Regent's  Park  exhibition  in  June, 
1SS4.  The  ccmmon  forms  are  not  very  striking,  and 
do  not  produce  more  than  eighteen  or  twenty  flowers 
on  a  spike.  Mr.  Williams  in  the  Orchid  Growers' 
Manual^  says  it  produces  aBout  fourteen  flowers  on  a 
spike.  The  species  is  easily  grown,  and  as  it  flowers 
in  July,  and  remains  in  bloom  a  month,  it  should  be 
,  grown  in  every  collection.  A  small  plant  will  grow 
into  a  good  specimen  in  a  few  years.  It  should  be 
grown  in  the  Cattleya-house,  ia  pots,  and  in  the 
usual  Cattleya  compost.  When  making  their  growth, 
water  freely,  and  when  at  rest  give  ju3t  enough  water 
to  keep  the  bulbs  from  shrivelling. 

E.    VITELLINUM    MAJUS. 

This  hrs  now  become  so  cheap  that  anybody  may 
obtain  it,  and  it  is  also  one  of  the  plants  that  can 
easily  be  grown.  It  is  presumably  a  cool-house 
species,  but  my  experience  with  it  does  not  suggest 
the  cool  houEe  as  the  best  for  it,  although  it  will  grow 
there.  I  find  the  leaves  become  spotted  after  a  time 
o'.ving  to  the  cool  moist  atmosphere  in  autumn  when 
the  growths  are  being  matured.  It  has  to  be  potted 
in  peat  and  sphagnum  the  same  as  Cattleyas,  but 
must  by  no  means  be  over-potted.  The  best  varieties 
produce  large  branched  spikes  and  most  brilliant 
coloured  flowers.  As  usually  seen  at  exhibitions,  a 
dozen  or  more  plants  of  small  size  and  most  humble 
spikes  are  crammed,  or  rather  wedged  closely  to- 
gether into  a  good  sized  pot,  which  gives  one  no  idea 
of  what  the  plant  is  when  well  grown. 

E.    VITELLINIM 

succeeds  it  in  our   CattIeya-hou5e,     This  is  now  in 
flower,  and  although  they  are  similar  in  form  and 


colour,  the  character  of  the  two  plants  is  very 
different.  The  majus  form,  makes  its  growths  and 
sheaths  in  the  summer,  while  those  of  the  previous 
year  are  developing  their  (lower-spikes.  This  normal 
form  is  very  different,  it  also  makes  its  growth  in  the 
summer,  and  the  flower-spikes  are  produced  from 
these  growths  at  once — indeed,  the  flower-spikes 
come  with  the  growths.  In  E  majus  the  growths 
remain  dormant  a  year  before  the  spikes  are  deve- 
loped. We  have  it  now  very  beautifully  in  bloom. 
The  spikes  are  20  inches  long,  and  have  twenty-two 
flowers  on  each. 

E.    NEMORALE   MAJUs 

is  another  species  of  great  merit,  producing  its  long 
handsome  spikes  of  flowers  in  July.  There  is  no 
more  elegant  species  in  the  genus  than  this.  The 
finest  plant  I  ever  saw  of  it  was  exhibited  in  a  group 
of  Orchids  from  the  collection  of  Sir  T.  Lawrence, 
Part.,  at  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's  Park,  when  the 
late  Mr.  Joseph  Spyers  had  charge  of  it.  It  was  fur- 
nished with  with  about  a  dozen  spikes  of  its  beautiful 
tosy-hlac  flowers.  The  spikes  were  about  4  feet  in 
length.  It  is  seldom  in  flower  before  July,  but  in 
that  month  it  is  one  of  the  very  best  exhibition 
plants;  it  is  so  easily  carried  to  the  exhibition,  and 
when  there  it  is  not  easily  matched.  I  grow  it  in  the 
Cattleya-house,  and  it  requires  exactly  th^  same  treat- 
ment as  the  others  I  have  named. 

E.    BICORNUTUM. 

Were  I  to  select  another  species  of  Epidendrum  to 
add  to  the  above  it  would  be  this  delicately  beautiful 
species.  It  produces  a  dozen  flowers  on  a  spike,  pure 
white,  with  the  exception  of  a  slight  spotting  on  ihe 
centre  of  the  lip.  This  species  is  rather  dilficult  to 
manage,  although  one  would  not  think  so  from  the 
sturdy  appearance  of  the  plant.  It  will  flower  once 
or  twice,  but  after  that  begin  to  Io5e  its  vigour. 
Mr.  Williams  states  in  the  Orchid  Manual  that  it 
succeeds  well  on  a  block  of  wood  without  moss  of 
any  kind,  and  had  so  flowered  six  or  seven  years  in 
succession.  It  ought  to  be  grown  in  the  warmest 
house,  and  will  succeed  for  a  few  years  potted  in  peat 
and  sphagnum. 

Renantuera  coccinea. 
Mr.  T.  Banks  does  not  say  how  his  plant  of  R. 
coccinea  was  potted.  It  seenii  to  succeed  best  when 
the  plant  is  enciuragcd  to  cling  to  a  Birch  tree  with 
the  bark  on.  The  well-known  specimen  in  the  con- 
servatory at  Chalsworth,  when  I  saw  it  some  years 
agn,  was  trained  to  a  Birch  stem  as  thick  as  a  man's 
leg,  and  about  15  feet  high  or  more.  There  is  now  a 
handsome  example  in  the  Cattleya-house  in  Messrs. 
Veitch's  nursery  at  Chelsea,  with  three  flower-spikes. 
A  stout  Birch  stem,  about  6  feet  long,  has  been  in- 
serted in  a  large  pot  filled  wiih  broken  potsherds. 
The  roots  of  the  Renanlhera  are  amongst  the  drain- 
age, and  the  plant  is  clasping  firmly  the  Birch  tree, 
and  enjoying  its  position.  Those  in  the  possession  of 
newly-impoited  plants  would  do  well  to  take  a  lessun 
from  the  Chatsworth  plant,  and  the  one  I  have 
alluded  to  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery.  In  the  large 
Cattleya-house  in  this  nursery,  Lrelia  elegans  alba  is 
beautifully  in  flower,  and  a  charming  variety  of  the 
species  it  is.  The  shy-flowering  Cattleya  specio- 
sissima  is  also  in  flower;  so  also  is  C.  Gaskeltiana, 
proving  itself  to  be  one  of  the  most  persistent  of  the 
genus,  as  different  specimens  have  been  in  flower  here 
for  nearly  three  months.  C.  Eldorado  is  also  very 
beautiful  at  this  season,  and  so  distinct,  by  its 
orange  throat,  and  the  perfume  of  the  garden  varieties 
of  Narcissus  tazetta,  wtiich  it  emits  most  pTwerfulIy 
in  the  morning.  J,  Douglas, 


ItJJllsfjs'    flauitira. 


THE  AURICULA. 
I  HAVE  not  alluded  to  any  of  the  hardy  florists 
flowers  since  the  end  of  July,  but  the  time  has  now 
come  in  which  it  will  be  necessary  to  prepare  the 
whole  of  them  for  the  winter.  The  Auriculas  are 
now  in  the  height  of  their  autumn  growth,  and  are 
almost  as  vigorous  as  they  were  in  April.  In  a  moder- 
ate sized  collection  not  all  of  the  plants  will  be 
growing  vigorously ;  some  few  choice  specimens, 
mostly  old  kinds,  such  as  Complete,  Colonel  Taylor, 
Freedom,  Miss  Arkley,  ^^c,  may  have  a  languid 
inactive  growth  about  them,  which  may  make  their 
owner  uneasy.  Probably  the  plants  are  suffering 
from  decay  of  the  main  stem  ;  the  disease  or  decay 


SEn-EMBER  26,    1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


399 


attacks  the  stem  underground  either  at  the  side  of  the 
stem  or  at  the  end  of  it.  In  either  case  the  only  way 
to  save  the  life  of  the  plants  is  to  shake  them  carefully 
out  of  the  soil,  and  with  a  sharp  knife  cut  away  all 
decay  from  if.  Such  plants  will  not  make  vigorous 
flowering  specimens  next  season,  but  they  will  in 
time  give  out  ofT^ets,  which  may  grow  with  great 
vigour  if  the  old  plant  does  not.  Plants  potted  now 
must  be  veiy  carefully  watered.  Do  not  give  any 
for  a  week  at  least.  Remove  all  flower  trusses  as 
soon  as  they  can  be  pinched  out  with  the  finger  and 
thumb.  It  is  quite  necessary  that  the  plants  should 
be  cleared  from  greenfly  ;  the  pest  will  now  be  found 
in  the  centre  of  the  plant,  or  clustering  round  the 
clTsets  under  the  outer  leaves.  If  there  is  any  of  the 
mealy  or  woolly  aphis  clustering  round  the  neck  of 
the  plants  it  ought  to  be  destroyed  by  brushing  it  out 
with  a  stilT  brush.  A  lamp  is  necessary  at  night 
to  look  around  the  frames  for  caterpillars,  maggots, 
and  slugs.  If  all  these  troublesome  pests  are 
destroyed  now,  it  may  save  many  a  tiresome  search 
when  the  weather  is  rough.  The  small  offsets  that 
have  till  now  b'^en  kept  in  a  shady  place,  may  be 
removed  to  an  open  one. 

Carnations  and  Picotees. 

The  last  week  in  September,  or  the  first  in 
October,  is  the  best  time  to  take  off  the  layers  from 
the  parent  plants  and  to  repot  them.  I  have  tried 
potting  soil  with  and  without  manure,  but  I  fancy 
they  do  much  better  with  a  barrowload  of  good  de- 
cayed stable-manure  mixed  with  If,  and  as  much  leaf- 
mould  and  sand.  Carefully  remove  the  layers,  and 
pot  one  in  a  small  60  pot  or  two  in  a  large  one. 
Pot  the  plants  rather  firmly,  place  them  in  a  cold 
frame  afterwards,  and  do  not  give  any  water  ior 
twenty-four  hours  after  they  are  potted.  Now  is  the 
best  time  to  order  plants,  either  to  form  a  collection,  or 
to  add  to  one.  They  can  be  sent  home  at  this  season 
packed  in  paper  with  a  little  damp  moss  about  the  roots  : 
fifty  pairs  of  plants  can  easily  be  packed  in  a  box  of 
moderate  size.  The  plants  should  be  potted  as  soon  as 
they  are  received  :  they  will  not  do  better  anywhere  at 
this  season  than  they  will  in  a  cold  frame.  As  soon 
as  the  plants  are  fairly  established,  which  will  be  in 
a  week  or  ten  days,  air  mast  be  freely  admitted — the 
lights  to  be  removed  altogther  in  fine  weather.  The 
plants  will  be  well  established  before  severe  weather 
sets  in  ;  if  they  are  not  eEtablished  early  in  the  winter, 
they  will  not  flower  very  strongly  the  following  sea- 
son. Thf^se  who  neglect  to  purchase  their  plants  at 
this  time  will  require  to  have  them  sent  home  after 
November  in  the  small  pots  in  which  they  are  estab- 
lished. This  makes  the  carriage  and  packing  more 
expensive.  If  there  are  insects  on  the  plants  they 
may  be  destroyed  by  dipping  them  in  soft  -  soapy 
water. 

Tree  or  perpetual  flowering  Carnations  that  may  up 
to  this  time  have  been  left  out-of-doors  should  now 
be  taken  into  the  greenhouse  in  order  to  develope 
their  flowers  more  perfectly  than  they  would  out-of- 
doors.  The  plants  intended  to  flower  after  Christmas 
and  onwards  during  the  spring  months  must  now  be 
repotted.  Our  plants  are  in  5-inch  pots  ;  from  these 
they  may  be  potted  into  7  or  S-inch.  We  have 
besides  some  large  plants  that  have  been  in  a  corner 
of  the  greenhouse  for  more  than  twelve  months,  and 
almost  any  day  flowers  may  be  cut  from  them.  The 
plants  have  not  been  potted  since  last  year  ;  but  they 
may  be  seen  to  now  with  the  others,  and  as  they  are 
forming  fresh  growths  they  will  flower  during  the 
ensuing  winter.  Like  the  summer-flowering  varieties 
they  suflfer  from  the  attacks  of  greenfly,  but  in  both 
cases  a  fumigating  with  tobacco-smoke  will  destroy 
them,  or  dipping  as  advised  above,  y .  Douglas. 


lants  and  {\\^\\  tultur^. 


STOVE  CLIMBERS. 
Such  of  these  as  may  have  ceased  to  yield  many 
flowers  should  be  thinned  out  where  their  growth  has 
been  luxuriant  (we  are  here  alluding  more  particularly 
to  those  that  are  trained  up  rafters  and  wires),  the 
wood  will  thereby  have  a  better  chance  of  becoming 
well  ripened,  and  the  plants  that  are  grown  beneath 
them  will  have  the  advantage  of  as  great  an  amount  of 
light  as  the  season  affords.  Any  Stephanotis,  for 
instance,  that  has  been  flowering  and  growing  freely 


during  the  early  spring  and  summer  months,  will  have 
an  amount  ofgrow:h  which  can  be  advantageously 
removed  ;  if  done  now  it  will  tend  to  strengthen  the 
early  flower  trusses  which  are  obtained  from  the  wood 
of  the  previous  year's  growth,  but  not  from  that  of  the 
current  season.  Where  an  early  growth  has  been 
made  these  trusses  will  already  be  in  a  forward  stage, 
and  a  plant  in  this  stage  ought  to  be  kept  drier  at  the 
root  during  the  next  three  months,  when  by  reversing 
the  treatment  and  giving  a  slightly  increased  tempera- 
ture an  early  crop  of  bloom  may  be  obtained.  The 
shoots  of  Allamand.as  that  have  not  by  this  lime  set 
for  bloom  may  also  be  thinned  out.  Dipladenia 
boliviensis  will  continue  to  flower  for  a  considerable 
time  yet,  but  it  must  have  as  much  room  as  can  be 
afforded  il^'on  the  roof,  and  at  the  same  time  not  be 
overrun  by  other  climbers  ;  Ipomcei  Horsfallioe  is 
well  worthy  of  every  attention,  it  shpuld  be  trained 
rather  more  thinly  than  other  climbers  because  of  its 
dense  habit  of  growth.  lis  brilliant  flowers  will  tend 
to  lighten  up  the  stove  during  the  dull  season. 

All  the  climbers  should  have  a  thorough  overhaul- 
ing and  cleansing  of  any  insect  pests  prior  to  the  stove 
being  rearranged  for  the  winter.  Insects  are  bad 
enough  anywhere,  but  when  allowed  free  course  on  the 
suspended  climbers  in  such  a  way  that  their  excreta  is 
permitted  to  fall  on  the  plants  beneath  them,  this  nuis- 
ance becomes  even  greater.  Climbers  in  pots  and  on 
trellises,  when  they  cease  to  produce  bloom  should  also 
be  brought  into  closer  compass.  If  they  can  be 
accorded  a  warm,  dry  pit,  in  lieu  of  the  stove  proper, 
so  much  the  better  for  the  appearance  of  the  latter, 
for  when  water  is  wiihheld  and  yellow  leaves  in  quan- 
tity appear,  the  look  of  the  house  is  not  improved 
thereby.  The  first  opportunity  should  be  embraced 
of  having  the  glass  (both  interior  and  exterior)  well 
cleansed,  and  the  painted  woodwork  washed,  so  that 
everything  may  be  sweet  and  clean  before  the  plants 
are  stored  in  their  winter  quarters.  J.  Hudson,  Gun- 
nersliuiy  House,  Acton,   \V. 


"pI^UITS     1^NDEF(      'QLAgg. 
■ — % — 

VINES     .\ND    BORDERS. 

The  making  of  Vine  borders  and  the  removal  of 
existing  ones  are  matters  of  importance  in  connec- 
tion with  the  cultivation  of  Grapes  under  glass  which 
at  all  times  should  receive  particular  attention  when 
found  necessary.  In  the  formation  of  a  border  for  Vines, 
in  the  first  place,  it  is  usually  necessary  to  concrete 
the  bottom  of  the  border  in  order  to  prevent  the  roots 
going  downwards.  This  material  should  be  at  the 
least  3  or  4  inches  thick,  and  extend  to  a  breadth  of 
from  12  to  15  feet  in  front  ofihehouse  ;  drains  should 
be  formed  on  its  surface  with  ordinary  3-inch  pipes, 
in  order  to  carry  otT  the  excess  of  water  that  will  at 
times  accumulate.  The  concrete  should  then  be 
covered  as  far  as  the  border  will  be  then  made,  with 
15  inches  of  rubble,  and  on  this  a  layer  of  closely 
fitted  fresh  lurf  sods  with  the  gras-y  side  placed  down- 
wards should  be  arranged.  The  composition  of  the 
soil  for  the  border  will  vary  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  ingredients  of  which  it  is  composed,  in  any  case 
a  good  compost  can  be  formed  with  about  two-thirds 
of  the  top  spit  from  a  rich  pasture  with  a  fair  proportion 
of  bones  or  bone-dust,  brick  rubble,  burnt  earth,  road 
scrapings,  and  animal  manure  added. 

These  things  should  be  prepared  beforehand  and  be 
well  incorporated  together  by  turning  over  the  heap 
several  times  after  which  it  should  be  put  into  a  heap, 
and  protected  from  the  rain.  Of  late  years,  the 
making  of  a  Vine-border  is  not  considered  to  be  such 
an  undertaking  as  it  was  formerly,  when  we  were 
instructed  to  consider  the  work  we  had  completed, 
was  to  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years.  Scarcely  any 
one  now-a-days  contemplates  such  a  thing  ;  but, 
notwithstanding,  there  are  Vin-s-s  occasionally  to  be 
met  with  which  have  existed  for  that  length  of  time,  but 
the  roots  of  these  are  not  solely  to  be  found  within 
the  limit  of  the  border  that  was  originally  made  for 
them  ;  and  the  fact  of  their  flourishing  year  after  year, 
and  producing  full  crops  of  fine  Grapes,  goes  to 
prove  that  the  roots  have  extended  into  the  surround- 
ing soil,  and  in  which  they  find  those  elements  of 
nourishment  which  are  indispensable  to  their  well- 
being. 

Such  Vines  should  be  encouraged  by  good  mulch- 
ings of  manure  being  placed  above  where  the  roots 
are  known  to  exist,  and  by  any  other  means  possible, 


ami  in  no  case  should  the  roots  be  interfered  with  so 
long  as  the  Vine  continues  in  vigorous  health.  In  the 
case  of  our  Vines,  as  soon  as  any  indication  of  want  of 
vigour,  showing  itself  in  lack  of  finish,  is  observable, 
I  go  to  the  roots  as  being  the  true  source  of  the  evil, 
and  I  find  by  partially  lifting  them  a  means  of  again 
increasing  their  activity,  and  restoring  vitality,  and 
therefore  recommend  the  practice,  and  likewise  that  of 
restricting  them  to  a  limited  and  not  over-large  area 
of  border,  12  or  15  feet  being  ample  as  to  width. 
Now  is  the  time  to  give  attention  in  this  way  to  ill- 
conditioned  Vines,  or  those  in  an  unsatisfactory  state, 
by  opening  a  trench  at  the  front  of  the  border  and 
carefully  taking  away  the  old  soil  from  the  roots,  and  ^ 
after  rectifying  any  defects  in  the  drainage,  proceed, 
as  in  the  case  of  a  new  border,  with  the  sod  at  the 
bottom,  and  after  examining  and  cutting  back  some  of 
the  roots,  bring  the  rest  .up  to  within  a  foot  of  the 
surface  of  the  new  material,  water  them  and  press 
them  in  firmly  by  hand,  fill  up  the  border,  and  pro- 
tect it  by-and-bye  with  a  covering  of  manure  about 
9  inches  thick.  When  this  is  done  the  future  results 
can  be  looked  forward  to  with  confidence.  G.  T. 
Miles,  Wycombe  Abhy. 


ant({n. 


PREPAR.^TIONS  FOR  PLANTING. 
Walls  in  kitchen  gardens  should  be  inspected, 
and  every  available  space  should  be  marked  out  and 
prepared  for  planting  next  month.  Young  trees  can 
be  bought  cheaply,  and  may  be  trained  in  any 
form  thought  desirable,  and  they  get  acclimatised 
to  the  position  much  better  than  when  purchased 
from  the  nursery  in  a  larger  stale.  In  planting 
trees,  to  be  ready  for  removing  to  more  permanent 
quarters  when  wanted,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  plant 
on  a  prepared  surface,  which  may  be  done  as 
follows  ;— Take  out  the  ground,  say  iS  inches  deep, 
and  fill  up  the  bottom  with  4  or  5  inches  of  any 
rubble  at  hand,  such  as  small  stones,  brickbats,  or 
cinder  ashes  ;  have  this  beaten  down  firm,  and  on  the 
top  place  four  or  five  common  slates  ;  these  will  keep 
the  roots  from  going  down.  Then  add  about 
15  inches  of  soil,  which  should  be  prepared  beforehand, 
and  should  consist  of  road-scrapiogs,  turfy  loam,  and 
burnt  ashes.  When  planting,  spread  the  roots  evenly 
over  the  surface  of  the  soil  and  cover  them  lightly, 
but  firmly.  When  all  is  finished,  place  a  good  dressing 
of  rotten  manure  on  the  surface.  Trees  planted  in 
this  manner  early  in  the  autumn  seldom  require  any 
water  during  the  following  summer,  and  as  a  rule  do 
well.  The  fresh  soil  and  firm  planting  encourage 
fibrous  roots,  which  can  be  easily  lifted  when  the  trees 
are  required  to  fill  up  more  permanent  spaces  on  the 
walls.  Last  December  we  removed  a  large  number 
of  trees  which  had  been  thus  prepared  two  and  three 
years  ago,  and  have  not  lost  one,  and  many  of  them 
have  borne  a  good  crop  of  fruit  this  season  ;  they 
consisted  of  Peaches,  Apricots,  Nectarines,  Plums, 
and  Cherries.  Every  means  should  be  adopted 
to  get  the  wood  on  wall  trees  thoroughly  ripened  ; 
all  useless  growth  should  at  once  be  removed,  and 
any  shoots  required  to  fill  up  spaces  should  be  nailed 
to  the  walls. 

Small  Fruits. 

Strawberry  beds  should  have  all  runners  cut  oflF, 
and  newly  formed  beds  should  now  have  a  heavy 
dressing  of  rotten  manure  placed  on  the  surface  of  the 
beds,  to  remain  all  the  winter. 

Raspberry  canes  should  be  thinned  out,  and  all  the 
old  wood  be  removed,  to  allow  of  the  thorough  ex- 
posure of  the  future  bearing  canes  to  sun  and  air. 

The  Gathering  and  Storing  of  Fruit 
will  still  require  much  care  and  attention.  The  riper 
the  fruit  is  before  being  gathered,  the  better  the 
quality  will  be,  and  as  a  rule  it  will  keep  longer  than 
when  gathered  in  a  half  ripened  stale.  I  have  often 
been  asked  the  reason  why  Apples  and  Pears  were 
keeping  so  badly,  when  the  only  reason  was  that  they 
had  been  gathered  in  an  unripe  stale.  I  know  that 
many  are  tempted  to  gather  Apples  and  Pears  when 
unripe  for  fear  of  a  high  wind  blowing  them  to  the 
ground  and  rendering  the  best  and  finest  fruits  useless. 
Where  there  is  any  danger  of  this  the  trees  might  be 
gone  over,  so  as  to  remove  the  very  ripest  and  largest 
only.  y.  Smith,  Hknlmore,  Bucks. 


400 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[September  26,  1885. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


Wednesday, Sept.  30  — Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Thursday,       Oct.    ,  |  SaJe^of^Dulch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe&  Moms' 

li-D.n.u  n..,     «  S  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Prothcroc  & 

1  RIDAV,  Oct     2  J      Morrfs'  Rooms, 

r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
S4TLRDAY,        OcL    3  .j  Sale    of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Prothcroc    & 

L     Morris'  Rooms. 


THE  exact  period  of  time  that  it  would  take 
to  convert  a  Foxglove  into  a  Campanula 
may  be  left  to  Mr.  Gr.\nt-Allen  to  determine. 
Far  be  it  from  us  to  deny  the  abstract  possi- 
bility of  the  occurrence.  Nature  is  so  plastic, 
and  so  slight  a  shake  of  the  kaleidoscope  would 
be  necessary,  relatively  speaking,  that  it  would 
be  very  unscientific  to  deny  the  possibility. 
The  very  earliest,  the  first  embryonic  stages, 
are  alike  in  the  Campanula  and  in  the  Digi- 
talis. Growth  goes  on  on  the  same  lines  for  a 
time,  and  then  comes  a  change — one  goes  one 
way,  one  another,  the  divergence  becoming 
wider  and  wider  as  the  time  goes  on,  till  at 
length  in  the  fully  formed  flowers  there  are 
difterences  so  great  that  no  one  who  had  not 
the  imagination  of  a  poet  with  a  sublime  dis- 
regard of  facts,  or  of  a  very  advanced  revo- 
lutionist more  fond  of  speculation  than  of 
research,  would  dream  of  assuming  a  common 
origin,  or  point  of  departure  for  organisms  so 
widely  dift'erent. 

But  imagination,  to  be  of  any  value,  must 
have  a  rocky,  substantial  foundation  of  material 
fact,  otherwise  it  degenerates  into  superstition 
or  idle  speculation,  both  of  which  are  inimical 
to  science  and  progress.  For  instance,  if  any  one 
looking  at  the  figure  (fig.  S6,  p.  397),  obligingly 
drawn  for  us  by  "  E.  V.  13.,"  should  imagine 
that  a  Foxglove  had  suddenly  been  converted 
into  a  Campanula,  the  imagination  would  be  at 
fault,  because,  however  close  the  superficial 
resemblance  might  be,  the  slightest  examination 
of  the  details  would  suffice  to  show  the  fallacy. 
Even  in  the  sketch,  where  detail  was  not 
studied,  there  is  no  indication  of  the  inferior 
ovary  which  all  Campanulas  have,  and  we 
doubt  not  the  interior  arrangements  of  the 
flower  (which  we  had  no  opportunity  of  seeing) 
were  vvidely  different  from  those  of  a  Cam- 
panula. 

But  it  may  be  said,  this  is  a  "sport,"  or  more 
technically  a  reversion  to  the  form  of  that 
ancestral  progenitor  from  which  both  Cam- 
panulas and  Foxgloves  have  descended.  We 
respectfully  submit  that  it  is  nothing  of  the 
kind.  It  has  no  more  of  the  Campanula  lineage 
in  it  than  has  Big  Ben  of  Westminster  ;  it  is 
hardly  more  closely  related  to  a  Campanula 
(except  in  the  fact  that  both  Fo.xglove  and 
Campanula  are  plants)  than  the  finger  of  a  glove 
or  a  thimble  is  allied  to  a  Digitalis.  This  is 
mere  assertion,  it  may  be  said.  Well,  we  can- 
not put  the  specimen  itself  into  the  hands  of  the 
reader  ;  we  cannot  give  him  or  her  dissecting 
needle  and  magnifying  glass,  and  so  we  cannot 
help  being  didactic  and  dogmatic,  and  assert- 
ing roundly,  but  without  fear  of  contradiction, 
that  this  Foxglove  has  none  but  a  purely  super- 
ficial resemblance  to  a  Campanula.  Failing 
the  means  of  proving  our  assertion,  we  are 
obliged  to  fall  back  on  former  experience. 
Many  and  many  a  similar  flower  have  ue  seen, 
and  cut  up,  but  they  all  proved  Foxgloves,  and 
not  Campanulas.  In  fact,  the  state  of  things 
represented  in  fig.  86  is,  in  all  but  one  particular, 
not  uncommon  in  Foxgloves — that  one  par- 
ticular is  the  pendulous  direction  of  the  flowers. 
An  ordinary  Foxglove  does  hang  down,  the 
upper  side  of  the  flower-tube  is  shorter  than 
the  lower,  giving  the  flowers  the  appearance  of 
having  been  sliced  away  ;  and  the  disposition 
of  the  stamens  and  the  arrangement  of  the  spots 


on  the  flower  all  have  reference  to  the  visits  of 
insects  and  the  mechanism  they  set  in  action  to 
ensure  the  production  of  seed.  The  mal- 
formed cup-shaped  flowers  which  are  so  com- 
mon are  usually  erect  and  more  or  less  reni- 
forra  and  regular  in  their  construction.  The 
present  flower,  regular  in  outline,  or  nearly  so, 
hangs  down,  and  thus  increases  the  resem- 
blance to  the  Campanula.  Generally  speaking, 
the  erect,  cup-shaped  flower  of  the  Foxglove 
results  from  the  blending,  at  a  very  early  stage 
of  development,  of  several  flowers  into  one. 
The  presence  apparently  of  seven  lobes  to  the 
corolla  in  the  figure  may  be  an  indication  of  a 
similar  composite  origin,  but  on  the  whole  we 
believe  the  Foxglove  in  question  to  be  really 
what  it  appears  to  be — a  "  regular"  Foxglove, 
comparable  to  the  regular  Gloxinias,  now  so 
common,  but  which,  unlike  this  Foxglove,  have 
erect  flowers. 

An  ordinary  Fo.xglove  is,  of  course,  irregular, 
some  of  its  component  parts  grow  faster  than 
others,  or,  what  comes  to  the  same  thing,  some 
stop  growing  while  others  pursue  their  course. 
The  result  is  an  oblique  or  irregular  form  of 
flower.  Now  let  us  suppose  that  the  corolla 
lobes,  instead  of  having  grown  thus  irregularly, 
grew  equally,  none  taking  the  precedence  of 
another,  but  all  growing  uniformly  :  in  such  case 
we  should  have  such  a  flower  as  that  repre- 
sented. This  Campanula-like  Foxglove,  then, 
is  merely  a  Foxglove  in  which,  from  what 
cause  we  know  not,  uniformity  of  growth  has 
prevailed.  It  is,  in  the  language  of  botany,  a 
case  of  "peloria."  Now  peloria  is  of  two  main 
forms.  In  the  one  an  habitually  irregular 
flower  like  a  Linaria  becomes  regular  by  the 
increase  of  its  irregular  portions.  Instead  of 
one  spur  it  has  five— that  is  irregular  peloria. 
But  suppose  no  spurs  at  all  are  formed,  then,  we 
should  have  an  habitually  irregular  flower 
becoming  regular  by  the  non-development  of 
its  irregular  elements.  For  us  this  constitutes 
regular  peloria,  and  the  Foxglove  before  us, 
so  far  as  we  can  judge  from  the  figures  only, 
enters  into  this  category.  It  is  a  Foxglove  in 
which  elements,  habitually  irregular,  have  deve- 
loped uniformly  and  evenly.  We  submit  that 
this  is  a  much  simpler  and  intrinsically  probable 
an  explanation  than  that  according  to  which 
this  is  a  Foxglove  on  the  way  to  becoming  a 
Campanula,  or  a  Fo.xglove  suddenly  manifesting 
the  characteristics  of  a  suppositious  Campa-  . 
nula  ancestor. 

It  is  a  very  curious  psychological  fact,  that 
persons  with  only  a  very  slight  or  with  no 
acquaintance  with  scientific  facts  and  theories, 
frame  the  most  astounding  hypotheses,  and 
seem  deliberately  to  prefer  and  to  adopt  not 
what  is  the  most  probable  and  the  simplest, 
but  what  is  the  least  probable  and  the  most 
complex  explanation.  The  scientific  imagi- 
nation of  a  Newton,  a  Galii  eo,  a  Farra- 
DAY,  a  Darwin,  simplifies  everything  it  deals 
with — crystallises  the  most  obscure  and  com- 
plex phenomena  into  the  clearest  and  most 
fecund  of  theories. 

Of  so  opposite  a  character  are  the  results  of 
the  mental  processes  of  those  who  do  not  know 
how  to  use  their  imagination,  that  we  could  fain 
wish  that  nobody  but  a  born  poet  or  a  born 
man  of  science  might  henceforth  be  permitted 
to  indulge  in  speculation  ! 


Dr.  H.  W.    Reichardt,   Professor  at  the 

High  School,  Vienna,  and  Director  of  the  Royal 
Hetbarium,  died  recently  quite  suddenly,  at  Modling, 
near  Vienna. 

Mr.  Chamberlain  in  Scotland. —As  is 

pretty  generally  known  amongst  his  friends,  Mr. 
Chamberlain  is  an  ardent  lover  of  Orchids,  and  at 
Highbury,  near  Birmingham,  possesses  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  these  flowers.  During  his  recent  visit  to  the 
North  it  was  therefore  but  natural  that  he  should  be 


the  guest  of  another  well-known  Orchid  amateur, 
Dr.  Paterson,  of  Bridge  of  Allan,  whose  collection 
is  of  world-wide  fame.  The  right  hon.  gentleman 
passed  one  night  at  Fernfield,  the  Doctor's  residence. 

Cyclamen   Bloom   Doubled. — From  Mr. 

Thomas  Ware  has  come  a  curious  instance  of 
doubling,  there  being  two  distinct  ovaries,  which 
were  united  at  their  base.  The  doubling  in  the  petals 
was  not  quite  complete. 

SCIRPUS    HOLOSCHCENUS    VAR.    ZEBRINUS. — 

We  do  not  call  to  mind  having  seen  this  elsewhere 
than  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  at  Paris.  It  is  a  com- 
pact tufted  plant,  with  slender  stems  as  thick  as  a 
crow-quill,  alternately  banded  in  a  transverse  direc- 
tion with  white  and  green,  after  the  fashion  ofEulalia 
zebrina  among  grasses,  and  of  Scirpus  TabernKmon- 
tani  var.  zebrina  (Juncus  zebrinus  of  gardens)  amongst 
Scirpi.  For  general  gardening  purposes  it  is  far  supe- 
rior to  the  last  named  plant,  as  it  will  thrive  in  a  dry 
border,  where  that  would  not  exist.  The  green-leaved 
type  only  exists  in  a  wild  state  in  the  British  Islands 
on  the  sandy  sea-coasts  of  North  Devon  and  in  the 
Channel  Islands. 

"Cat"  Plants. — Most  of  our  readers — at 

any  rate  those  who  reside  in  villa  gardens  near  large 
towns — know  to  their  sorrow  what  an  extraordinary 
attraction  a  fine  bed  of,  say,  Nemophila  insignis  is  to 
the  harmless  (?)  necessary  cat.  A  considerable 
number  of  plants  possess  similar  properties  ;  among  - 
them  are  Actinidia  Kolomikta  (a  Japanese  climber, 
which  frequently  requires  protection  in  many  places 
until  large  enough  to  withstand  the  assaults  of  these 
creatures),  and  Teucrium  raarum,  an  interesting 
European  herb,  which  we  lately  saw  growing  in  the 
Brussels  Botanic  Garden  beneath  a  stoutly- made  iron 
cage-like  trellis.  On  enquiry  we  found  that,  in  order 
to  keep  this  species  alive,  it  was  necessary  to  keep 
the  cats  at  bay  ;  when  the  plant  is  grown  without 
some  such  protection  it  soon  succumbs  to  their 
attacks. 

Foster's  Seedling  and  Tokay  Grapes  at 

South  Kensington  Fruit  Show. — The  statement 
made  by  our  reporter  in  regard  to  these  Grapes  at 
p.  341  is  perfectly  correct.  They  were  disqualified,  not 
being  Foster's  Seedling.  The  judges  at  the  Exhi- 
bition on  the  8th  inst.  were  subsequently  permit- 
ted to  award  them  an  extra  1st  prize  on  account 
of  their  very  handsome  appearance  ;  but  that  did 
not  remove  the  disqualification — so  that  a  com- 
plaining correspondent's  '*  facts  "  are  not  quite  cor- 
rect. No  disinterested  person  who  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  examining  them  and  tasting  them  in  com- 
parison with  Foster's  Seedling  and  the  White  Tokay 
could  fail  to  trace  the  resemblance  to  the  latter. 
Our  correspondent  when  he  states  that  the  "  white 
veins  running  longitudinally  under  the  skin"  are 
noticeable  peculiariiies  of  Foster's  Seedling,  '*but 
never  in  White  Tokay,"  simply  makes  a  mis- 
take, the  reverse  of  it  being  actually  the  case,  White 
Tokay  being  much  veined,  and  Foster's  not  so.  Mr. 
Allan's  examples  were  much  veined,  so  were  the 
White  Tokays  exhibited,  and  so  likewise  are  the 
examples  of  While  Tokay  sent  to  us  by  Mr.  Wallis, 
of  Keele  Hall,  which  are  truly  named,  and  identical 
with  those  exhibited  last  week.  We  have  examined 
the  leaves  sent  to  us  by  our  correspondent  and  by  Mr. 
Wallis,  and  can  trace  but  little  distinction,  except- 
ing that  Mr.  Wallis'  are  much  larger.  The  leaves 
of  Foster's  Seedling  are  similarly  lobed  and  serrated. 

Bulb    Catalogue   of    Messrs.   Sutton 

&  Sons,  Reading. — In  this  year's  bulb  list  of  the 
above-named  firm  are  some  deviations  from  the  gene- 
ral practice  of  the  trade  introduced,  in  giving  useful 
concise  cultural  directions  for  the  cultivation  of 
Hyacinths  and  other  Dutch  bulbs,  and  on  Begonias, 
Lilies,  Cyclamen,  Gladiolus,  Anemones,  Ranunculus. 
Illustrations  of  Hyacinths  arranged  in  a  bed,  and  of 
Narcissi  are  given,  neither  of  which  are  particularly 
noticeable  for  grace  of  arrangement,  and  might  have 
been  better. 

Autumn  Flowers — Mr.   T.   Ware  sends 

us  some  handsome  examples  in  Lilium  Kraitzi,  a  pure 
white  flower,  with  chocolate-coloured  stamens,  the 
flowering  habit  being  semi-penduloas  ;  L.  speciosum 
album  vernum  is  also  white,  the  reverse  of  the  petals 
being  tinged  with  green  at  the  base,  and  the  stamens 


402 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  1S85. 


are  yellow  ;  L.  spcciosum  ruliriim  Melpomene  is  a 
(iislinct  variety,  willi  lirishl  purplish-rose  coloured 
pelaU,  nirrowly  marKip.cd  wiih  white.  Leucfjum 
aulumiule,  with  white  hells  hinging  hy  pink  pe- 
duncles, is  a  pretty  thing  for  the  rockery  or  for  pots  ; 
L.  loscum  longifolium  is  still  more  delicate  in  habit, 
the  total  height  from  the  bull)  not  exceeding  4  inches; 
the  C'llour  is  pale  rose.  Colchicum  arcnarium,  C. 
]iarvuluMi,  and  C  monlanum,  otherwise  Merendera 
bulbocndiuni,  are  exceedingly  pretty  varieties  of  the 
Meadow  Sdlron,  o(  dill.-nng  degrees  of  height  and 
colour. 

Hoi'  Shoots.— The  following  communi- 
cation from  E.Bkiakkociik,  which  is  worthyof  special 
notice,  has  been  kindly  forwarded  to  us  hy  Messrs. 
HOOI'KK  &  Co.  o(  Covent  Cvrden  :  — 

"  The  Hop  harvest  docs  not  seem  to  be  a  good  one, 
and  Ihercfore  the  time  seems  to  me  appropriate  to  call 
the  attention  ol  English  farmers  to  the  extra  profit  which 
they  can  obtain  from  Hop  shoots  in  the  spring.  This 
dainty  vegetable  fetches, a  long  price  in  Belgium,  and 
there  is  no  reasoixwliy  it  should  not  here.  If  properly 
cooked,  the  English  pal.ue  would  not  be  long  in  appre- 
ciating its  exquisite  flavour,  and  the  faculty  would  soon 
recommend  it  to  patients  of  delicate  digestion.  It  is 
more  pleasant  by  fir  than  Hop  tea,  however  tonic  the 
latter  may  be.  At  present  Ihesc  Hop  shoots  are  thrown 
away  in  Kent,  tS:c.  Next  month  and  November  is  the 
time  to  earth-up  the  plant,  and  in  M.rreh  and  April  the 
blanched  shoots  are  euiand  sent  to  market.  English  Hop 
farmers  might  eith.-r  import  Melgian  labourers,  or  pay  a 
visit  to  the  Hop  districts  of  Belgumi,  and  gather  infor- 
mation on  tlic  spot.  1  hold  myself  at  their  disposal,  aiul 
shall  be  glad  if  I  cin  eonlribute  to  the  cultivation  of  this 
new  vegelal)le. 

IilM.C.I.\N      HOKTICULTUUAI.     SOCtETY.  — .M 

the  monthly  meeting  of  the  above,  held  at  Ghent  on 
September  14,  the  following  awards  were  made  ;  — 
Ccrtilicates  of  Merit  :  M.  .\.  van  Geert,  for  Cypripe- 
dium  sp.  nova  ;  M.  Ed.  I'ynaert  van  Geert,  for  Tra- 
descantia  albo  villata  ;  M.VI.  D.-sbois  &  Co,,  for 
Drncxna  nustralis  fol.  var.  ;  M.  Jules  Ileyc-Leysen, 
for  Cypripcdium  Petri,  C.  Tonsuni,  C.  asnanlhum 
superbum,  C.  albo  purpureum,  C.  tcssell.itum  per- 
phyreum,  C.  sclligerum  majus  ;  MM.  Vervact  &  Co., 
for  Odontogloisum  fnchctum  ;  MM.  Oervaes,  Brothers, 
Wettcren,  for  Rhus  cotinus  pendula  ;  M.M.  Desbois 
&  Co.,  for  Tavonia  intermedia  and  for  Abutilon  chiy- 
sostephanus  ;  M.  A.  van  Geert,  for  Gymnolheca  Rad- 
diana  crcnata,  and  for  Piper  ornatum  and  Arenga 
Kisarinei  ;  M.  L.  van  ll'iultc,  for  double-Howered 
tuberous  Begoni,as. 

Pai.ms  for  Inijook  Diicokai  ion.  — In  the 

South  of  France  a  very  large  business  is  now  done 
with  Palms  cultivated  in  the  open  air.  Amongst 
those  of  which  the  greatest  number  is  grown  is 
Phivnix  tenuis,  which  under  such  treatment  forms 
beautiful  sturdy  stuff.  The  plants  are  lifted,  the  soil 
shaken  from  the  roots,  packed  in  bundles,  and  sent  to 
Paris,  where  they  are  at  once  very  firmly  pot'ed  in  com- 
paratively small  pots  ;  these  arc  then  plunged  in  a 
hotbed  inside  a  house  which  is  kept  shaded  and  moist, 
the  plants  being  frrquenily  syringed  and  carefully 
attended  to  for  water.  In  a  few  weeks  new  roots  are 
formed,  air  and  light  arc  more  freely  admitted,  and 
the  whole  are  gradually  hardened  olT.  Scarcely  a 
leaf  suffers,  and  by  such  treatment  infinitely  better 
plants  are  obtained  at  a  much  cheaper  rate  than  if 
grown  on  in  pots  from  the  seed.  Uaphis,  Livis- 
tonias,  and  many  other  greenhouse  Palms  are  treated 
in  the  same  way. 

SwKET  Tea  op  Ssu-ch'uan.— In  a  report 

of  a  journey  through  Central  Ssuch'uan  in  June  and 
July  last  Mr.  Ai.kxanher  lIosiK  mentions  the  dis- 
covery by  Mr.  Bai.kk  of  a  peculiar  kind  of  Tea,  in 
the  following  words  :  — "  If  my  memory  is  not  at  fault 
he  [Mr.  Haiiek]  was  regaled  by  a  priest  on  Mount 
O  niei  with  Tea  possessing  both  the  flavour  of  milk 
and  sugar.  It  may  have  been  in  the  very  temple  on 
the  mountain-side  in  which  I  am  now  writing  that 
Mr.  Baker  was  agreeably  surprised.  At  any  rate,  I 
am  sipping  an  infusion  which  is,  without  doubt, 
sweet,  and  which  is  declared  by  the  priest  to  be 
brewed  from  a  naturally  prepared  Tea  leaf.  It 
is  a  large  dark  brown  leaf,  and  is  very  sweet 
when  chewed.  The  people  at  the  bottom  of  the 
mountain,  whom  I  first  questioned  regarding  this 
Tea,  asserted  that  the  leaves  were  sweet  beciuse  they 
were   lirst  steeped  in  molasses ;  but   the  balance  of 


evidence,  as  I  have  since  found  from  extensive  inquiry, 
is  against  any  such  artificial  preparation.  The  tree 
is  said  to  grow  in  only  one  gorge  in  the  mountain, 
whence  the  leaves  are  brought  for  sale."  We  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  IlosiE  for  a  sample  of  this  Tea,  which 
consists  of  the  entire  leaf  rolled  up  loosely  into  little 
balls,  and  almost  black  in  colour.  Upon  chewing  a 
portion  of  a  leaf  it  is  found  to  be  decidedly  sweet, 
with  a  strong  suspicion  of  liquorice  rather  than 
molasses,  as  slated  by  Mr.  HosiE.  Upon  soaking 
the  leaves  and  flattening  them  out  they  were  found  to 
be  those  of  Viburnum  dilatatum,  Thunbtrg.  To 
prove  that  the  leaves  of  this  plant  possessed  no 
natural  sweetness  we  obtained  a  few  leaves  from 
a  growing  plant  and  dried  them,  and  found  that 
neither  in  their  fresh,  and  still  less  in  their  dried 
state,  have  they  any  marked  flavour.  Moreover,  the 
leaves  of  the  Mount  O-mei  Tea  are  transparent,  as  if 
they  had  been  steeped  in  some  solution,  while  those 
which  I  gathered  and  dried  are  opaque,  and  yet 
retain  their  green  colour.  It  seems  certain,  then, 
that  this  singular  Tea  owes  its  sweetness  to  some 
foreign  substance,  as  slated  by  "the  people  at  the 
bottom  of  the  mountain,"  and  that  sulistance  may 
be  molasses,  but  is,  in  all  probability,  liquorice. 

Soi.ANUM  TRlLOBATtiM— In  the  vast  genus 

Solanum  we  should  naturally  expect  to  find  a  great 
amount  of  variation,  and  so  we  do — a  fact  that  be- 
comes more  palpably  evident  every  day  as  we  note  the 
various  purposes  to  which  the  different  species  are  put. 
This  can  be  illustrated  in  a  small  way  by  comparing 
together  such  species  as  S.  tuberosum,  .S.  jasminoides, 
and  S.  macrophyllum.  The  species  under  notice  was 
originally  introduced  as  early  as  1759,  and  has  slender 
prickly  stems,  attaining  a  length  of  10  to  14  feet. 
They  lack  the  slender  gr.acefulness  of  S  jisminoides, 
and,  moreover,  can  hardly  be  said  to  climb  in  the 
proper  sense,  but  in  a  it\te  of  Nature  must  scramble 
up  amongst  other  vegetation  by  the  aid  of  their  strong 
hooked  prickles.  The  leaves  are  three  to  five  lobed, 
with  prickly  petioles,  and  the  large  flowers,  produced 
in  terminal  racemes,  are  deep  violet,  fading  with  .ige, 
and  furnished  with  prominent  yellow  anthers.  A 
figure  of  the  species  was  given  in  15  u  KM  Ann's  Floyix 
Malal'ariai,  57,  t.  22,  f.  2,  and  a  recently  introduced 
plant  is  flowering  in  the  Water-Lily  house  at  Kew. 

Medinilla    ERYTHROrHYI-I.A.— While    by 

no  means  new,  the  merits  of  this  species  deserve  to 
obtain  for  it  a  more  extended  distribution  than  it  at 
present  enj  >ys  in  gardens.  It  is  an  Eist  Indian 
species,  with  fair  sized  rosy-purple  flowers  produced 
in  closely  arranged  cymes  on  the  old  wood,  and  less 
seldom  in  the  axils  of  the  old  leaves.  This  confirmed 
and  constant  habit  allows  the  plant  to  be  closely 
pruned  each  year  without  risk  of  sacrificing  the  bloom, 
a  means  by  which  also  the  plant  can  be  kept  liushy 
and  within  reasonable  limits.  For  the  decoration  of 
the  stove  it  is  far  superior  to  many  others  grown. 
The  leaves  medium-sized,  oblong-elliptic,  and  three- 
nerved,  the  middle  one  of  which  is  red.  Like  other 
species  of  Medinilla,  and  indeed  most  members  of  the 
same  family,  the  petals- are  liable  to  drop  early,  an 
evil  that  is  in  some  measure  compensated  by  the  sue- 
cessional  development  o(  fresh  flowers.  A  compact 
and  convenient  siz-;d  specimen  has  been  flowering  for 
some  time  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew.  A  figure  of  it 
may  be  referred  to  in  Paxtoii's  .Va^'uziiie,  ix.,  79,  ic. 

— -  The  Essex  Field  Club  will  hold  its  sixth 
annual  cryptpgamic  and  botanical  meeting  in  Epping 
Forest  on  Friday  and  Saturday,  October  2  and  j.  (In 
the  Saturd.iy  afternoon  and  evening  there  will  be  an 
exhibition  of  fungi  and  other  plants,  fresh  .and  pre- 
served, with  micro-objects,  &c.,  and  papers  will  be 
read  by  T>r.  Wharton  and  Mr.  Worthington  Smith. 
The  following  botanists,  among  many  others,  are 
expected  to  be  present,  and  will  act  as  "referees"  in 
various  departments  of  plant  lore  ; — Professor  Houlger,  ■ 
Dr.  Praithwaite,  Dr.  M.  C.  Cooke,  Rev.  J.  .M. 
Crombie,  Rev  Canon  Du  Port,  Messrs.  T.  L.  English, 
Henry  Groves,  F.  J.  Hanbury,  E.  M.  Holmes,  Divid 
Houston,  A.  V.  Jennings,  Arthur  Li-ter,  F.  Oxley, 
W.  W.  Reeves,  Worthington  G.  Smith,  C.  A.  Wright, 
Dr.  Spurrell,  Dr.  II.  T.  Wharton,  &c.  Those  wish- 
ing  to  attend  should  communicate  with  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  Mr.  W.  Cole,  Buckhurst  Hill,  Essex,  who 
will  forward  programmes  giving  full  particulars. 

Gardening  Aitointment  — H.  Hawkes, 

f.-)r  over  three  years  Gardener  to  the  Royal  liaih 
Hotel,  Bournemouth,  as  Head  Gardener  to  R.  Le 
Dot'x,  Eq.,  Eist  Moulsey. 


TERRESTRIAL   ORCHIDS    OF 
SOUTH   AFRICA. 

{Continued  from  /*.  332.) 

By  an  oversight  the  following  fine  species  was 
omitted  in  its  proper  place  under  the  genus  Disa. 

D.  affinis,  N.  E.  Brown  {Monadcnia  riifi'scens, 
Lindl.).— Leaves  bro.adly  lanceolate  to  elliptic,  passing 
into  stem-sheaths.  Flower-spike  3—6  inches  long, 
many  flowered,  flowers  S  inch  in  diameter,  "sulphur- 
yellow."  Djrsal  sepal  oblong  obtuse,  concave,  with 
a  slender  spur  8—9  lines  long,  hanging  down  behind 
or  beside  the  ovary;  lateral  sepals  oblong  obtuse; 
petals  abruptly  elbowed  in  the  middle,  the  part  above 
the  elbow  oblong  emargiuate ;  labellum  elliptic- 
oblong.  This  plant  was  mistaken  by  Lindley  for  D. 
rufescens,  Sw.  It  grows  in  stony  places  and  clefts 
of  rocks  on  Table  Mountain  and  elsewhere  at  1400  — 
2500  feet  elevation,  and  flowers  in  October  and 
November. 

Notes  on  Cultivation. 

Having  now  given  brief  characters  of  the  chief  of 
those  species  which  appear  to  me  worth  culliva'ing 
(.although  by  no  means  all  of  them,  as  there  are  many 
others  and  several  of  them  undescribed  that  are  quite 
as  handsome  as  some  of  those  I  have  enumerated),  I 
will  proceed  to  give  what  information  I  possess  that 
I  think  may  in  any  way  assist  the  cultivator  in  the 
management  of  them. 

It  may  be  said  with  perfect  truth  that  South  Africa 
is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  regions  in  the  world, 
containing  the  largest  of  birds,  several  of  the  largest 
among  animals,  and  a  flora  that  is  p;rhaps  more 
varied,  and  more  rich  in  species,  area  for  area,  than 
any  other  region,  and  yet  without  the  vegetation 
making  so  prominent  a  feature  In  the  scenery  as  it 
does  in  some  countries  with  a  far  poorer  flora  !  The 
climate,  too,  with  which  we  are  chiefly  concerned, 
varies  very  much  in  ditV-rent  parts  in  temperature  and 
rainfall,  hence  the  necessity  for  the  gardener  to  know 
something  about  the  cHmate  of  the  place  from 
which  the  plant  he  fails  to  succeed  with  cones, 
and  the  conditions  in  which  it  grows  naturally. 
This  should  always  be  his  aim  where  he  fails  to  culti- 
vate a  plant  he  is  really  anxious  to  succeed  with,  for 
there  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  great  cause  of  failure 
in  most  instances  is  the  result  of  ignorance  on  the  part 
of  the  cultivator  of  the  natural  conditions  under  which 
the  plant  grows.  I  have  heard  gardeners  boast  that 
they  can  grow  plants  better  than  they  exist  in  Nature, 
and  this  is  quite  true  with  regard  to  a  few  plants,  but 
they  are  very  lew  indeed  compared  to  the  whole. 
Another  expression  not  very  rarely  heard  is,  "  If  they 
won't  grow  we'll  make  them  grow."  Grantirg  that 
the  one  who  says  this  really  has  the  requisite  know- 
ledge to  "  make  them  grow,"  he  probably  forgets  that 
there  was  a  time  when  that  knowledge  had  not  been 
obtained  by  any  one,  and  that  failure  was  the  rule 
with  the  plants  in  question,  the  real  knowledge 
having  been  gained  by  study  of  the  natural  surround- 
ings of  the  plants.  We  have  only  to  compare  the 
success  in  the  cultivation  of  epiphytical  Orchids  to- 
day with  the  success  of  fifty  years  ago  to  perceive  the 
truth  of  this. 

Now  the  climate  of  South  Africa  is  so  different 
in  different  parts  that  there  can  be  little  doubt 
it  will  he  found  that  some  of  the  terrestrial  t-irchids 
will  require  quite  a  dilTerent  treatment  to  what  others 
do,  as  the  climate  of  one  part  is  not  suited  to  the 
requirements  of  some  species  from  other  parts.  As 
an  illustration  of  this  I  may  mention  that  Sir  Henry 
Barkly  told  me  that  of  the  large  collection  of  Stape- 
lias  he  h.ad  got  together  at  Cape  Town  from  various 
parts  of  South  Africa,  several  would  not  thrive,  and 
died,  in  spite  of  all  he  could  do  under  outdoor  culti- 
vation. If  such  is  the  case  with  some  species  in  what 
may  be  said  to  be  their  own  country,  what  must  we 
expect  when  they  are  subjected  to  the  artificial  condi- 
tions of  cultivation,  unless  their  natural  surroundings 
are  imit.ated  as  nearly  as  it  is  possible  to  do,'  Many 
South  African  plants  readily  withstand  the  vicissitudes 
ol  our  ICnglish  climate,  some  with  (Pelargonium), 
others  without  (Kniphofia)  protection  during  winter  ; 
but  some  will  not  do  so,  and  among  them  appear  to 
be  the  terrestrial  Orchids,  at  any  rate  there  has  not 
been  much  success  with  them  hitherto.     When  intro- 


rtF.rTF.MnER  2O,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


403 


duced  they  often  thrive  nml  flower  well  the  first  year, 
and  then  die,  but  I  do  not  see  why  they  should  not 
be  as  successfully  cultivated  as  some  other  Orchids 
are  now  which  tifty  years  ago  cultivators  were  quite 
as  unsuccesful  with,  and  the  key  to  success  will  iic 
found  in  the  study  and  judicious  imitation  of  their 
nitural  conditions  of  growth. 

I  am  not  competent  to  give  an  account  of  the  varia- 
tions in  climate,  but  will  briefly  point  out  that,  roughly 
speaking.  South  Africa  is  divided  by  two  gigantic 
steps,  as  it  were,  into  three  regions  of  difTerent  eleva- 
tions ;  there  is  the  lower  coast  region,  which  in  the 
south-western  part,  where  many  of  the  species  I  have 
enumerated  grow,  enjoys  a  temperature  of  between 
70"  and  90"  Fahr.  during  the  summer  season — say, 
(rom  the  middle  of  November  to  the  middle  of  Felj- 
luary  (for  it  should  always  be  remembered  that  the 
seasons  there  are  exactly  the  opposite  of  ours  here  in 
England),  and  during  winter  the  thermometer  does 
not  often  fall  below  50"  Fahr.,  except  on  the  moun- 
tain tops,  where  it  sometimes  freezes.  The  rainy 
season  in  the  south  and  soulh-wesiern  part  of  this 
coast  region  takes  place  during  winter,  from  about  the 
middle  of  May  to  the  middle  of  September;  but  in 
some  years  beginning  in  April,  and  in  others  lasting 
through  October ;  at  the  end  of  the  rainy  season  it 
gradually  becomes  dryer,  and  becomes  very  dry 
between  November  and  April,  when  there  are  only 
occasional  showers.  In  the  south  eastern  and  eastern 
part  of  it  summer  is  the  rainy  season.  Next  after 
ascending  the  mountain  chain  called  in  difTerent  parts 
Zwartebergen,  Zuurbergen,  iS;c.,  we  come  upon  a 
region  elevated  iSoo  to  2500  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
which,  taken  as  a  whule,  is  perhaps  warmer  than  the 
coast  region,  and  part  of  it,  called  the  Karoo,  forms 
the  hottest  part  of  Cape  Colony  ;  the  rainy  sea'^on  for 
the  whole  of  this  region  is  in  summer.  Lastly, 
ascending  another  great  chain  of  mountains  called 
the  Nieuwveld,  Stormbergen,  Dr.ikensberg,  &:c., 
the  interior  region  has  an  elevatio-i  of  4000  to 
5000  feet  above  the  sea  ;  and  being  nearer  the 
equator  the  sun's  rays  are  more  nearly  vertical, 
consequently  in  summer  the  days  are  very  hot,  but  the 
great  elevation  considerably  modifies  the  temperature 
in  winter,  especially  on  the  higher  elevations,  such  as 
on  the  Snceuwberg,  and  the  High  Veld  on  the 
Drakensberg,  where  the  nights  in  winter  are  cold  and 
frosty,  sometimes  the  thermometer  falls  6"  or  8°  below 
freezing  point,  and  snow  occa'^ionally  fills  to  the 
depth  of  several  inches,  but  does  not  last  long  except 
in  a  few  places,  as  d'.:ring  the  day  it  becomes  hot,  the 
thermometer  often  showing  a  very  wide  range  in  the 
course  of  twenty-four  hours,  since  from  freezing  point, 
or  even  below,  in  the  early  morning,  it  will  sometimes 
rise  to  60"  or  70°,  or  even  more,  by  midday,  descending 
again  to  freezing  point  at  night.  The  rainy  season  of 
this  region  is  in  summer. 

In  the  cultivation  of  these  Orchids  the  first  point  to 
attend  to  is  the  soil.  Under  the  description  of  each 
species  I  have  given  the  character  of  the  soil  when- 
ever known  to  me,  and  from  an  examination  of  the 
soil  clinging  to  the  roots  and  tubers  of  the  dried  speci- 
mens, and  from  collectors'  notes,  it  appears  in  most 
cises  they  grow  in  a  soil  consisting  of  about  three 
parts  out  of  four  of  sharp  white  sand,  and  about  one 
part  of  rich  black  vegetable  loam  ;  some  of  those 
which  grow  in  swamps  would  perhaps  require 
a  little  peat  mixed  with  the  above,  whilst  some  few 
grow  in  a  stiff  clay  soil,  which  after  the  rainy  season 
is  over  becomes  baked  hard  by  the  sun  to  an  almost 
brick-like  consistence. 

Next  as  to  watering  the  plants  :  this  will  pro- 
bably be  found  to  be  the  most  important  point  in  the 
treatment  of  them.  First  should  be  ascertained,  if 
possible,  the  region  and  elevation  of  the  plant's 
natural  habitat,  and  the  temperature  and  water 
regulated  accordingly  ;  and  if  the  plant  inhabits  a 
region  of  summer  rains,  it  should  not  be  watered 
until  that  period  comes  ;  or  if  of  winter  rains,  not 
until  that  season  occurs,  always  remembering  that  the 
South  African  summer  occurs  during  our  winter,  and 
the  winter  during  our  summer,  it  is  quite  true  that 
many  plants  from  the  southern  hemisphere  will  flower 
with  us  under  cultivation  at  a  different  time  of  the 
year  to  what  they  do  in  Nature  ;  but  I  suspect  if 
this  forcing  is,  in  some  cases  at  least,  injurious  to 
the  plants,  and  causes  the  loss  of  some  that  would 
grow  well  enough,  perhaps,  if  their  natural  require- 
ments were  attended  to  ;  and  I  think  that  the  less 
attempt  there  is  made  to  force  these  southern  terres- 
trial Orchids  the  more  likely  will  success  attend  the 
efforts  of  the  cultivator,  though  some  may  perhaps 


stand  it  with  indifTerence.  It  will  be  noted  that  the 
time  of  flowering  is  from  A'l^-u^t  to  February  or 
March,  their  routine  of  life  being  that  after  flowering 
they  die  down  and  remain  dormant.  In  the  south 
and  south-western  coast  region  their  period  of  rest 
will  be  during  the  dry  end  of  summer  and  autumn 
seasons,  say  January  to  May  ;  in  the  inland  regions 
it  will  be  during  the  winter  season,  from  about  May 
to  September,  when  the  rainy  season  begms.  During 
the  rains  they  make  their  growth,  and  some  of  them 
fl  )wer,  but  others  do  not  flower  until  after  the  rains 
are  over,  and  their  foliage  at  the  time  of  flowering 
will  often  show  signs  of  withering  or  dying  ofT,  so  that 
this  must  not  always  be  looked  upon  as  a  sign  of 
unhealthiness. 

Vears  ago»'many  Cape  Orchiils  were  introduced, 
but  according  to  accounts  given  by  Lindley  (who 
certainly  knew  a?  much  or  more  about  Orchids  as  any 
of  those  who  have  dealt  with  them  since),  they  soon 
died  out.  In  the  Bota^ucal  Rc'^istc)\  under  t.  1653, 
Lindley  writes  of  liartholina  pectinata  : — **  We  pre- 
sume that  this,  like  all  the  Cape  Orchidaceous 
plants,  is  incapable  of  being  cultivated  permanently 
by  any  means  hitherto  discovered  ;  for  the  roots, 
although  when  first  imported  they  flower,  afterwards 
disappear.  They  should  be  planted  in  sandy  loam, 
and  kept  in  as  light  a  greenhouse  as  possible,  for  it  is 
probable  that  the  reason  of  their  disappearing  is  the 
want  of  light  during  their  growing  season  in  this 
country."  I  do  not  believe  this  is  the  reason,  hut 
think  it  nnre  probable  that  the  life  of  some  terrestrial 
Orchids  is  of  short  duration,  lasting  only  a  few  years 
(Sir  Joseph  Hooker  holds  the  same  opinion  upon 
this  pnint)  ;  this  will  in  some  measure  account  for  the 
scarcity  of  certain  species  during  some  years,  and 
abundance  during  others.  If  this  surmise  be 
correct,  it  stands  to  reason  that  we  cannot  expect 
the  self-same  plant  to  live  under  cultivation  for  a 
longer  period  than  it  does  in  Nature.  But  something 
might  be  done  to  keep  them  in  cultivation  by  raising 
them  from  seed. 

Under  the  description  of  Sa'yrium  pustulatum  (S. 
erectum,  Sw.),  in  the  Bo\anical  A'c'giiier^  vol.  xxvi  , 
t.  iS,  Lindley  writes  as  follows,  the  paragraph  in- 
cluded in  brackets  being  a  quotation  from  a  com- 
munication from  Sir  John  llerschei,  published  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the   Hortictiltmal  Society ^    vol.   i.,  p, 

56:- 

"  ["  I  have  never  found  this  in  the  sandy  flats  about  the 
Cape,  my  roots  were  all  taken  from  clay,  baked  by  the 
sun  neuly  to  the  consistence  of  a  brick,  at  '  De  Koch's,' 
a  place  about  qo  miles  east  of  Cape  Town,  in  the  district 
of  Hottentots  Holland.  They  were  then  in  flower, 
rather  pxst  their  maximum.  Nevertheless  they  grew 
well  enough  in  tlie  peaty  sand  of  which  my  garden  con- 
sisted (hliis  was  at  tlie  Cipe),  and  to  admiration  in  a  fine 
black  sand  enriched  with  vegetable  matter,  from  the 
shrubby  hills  in  the  neighbourhood.  Plenty  of  water 
and  moderate  temperature  while  leafing,  diminished 
supply  of  wet  and  increased  heat  as  the  flower  rises,  and 
total  dryness  with  heat  when  all  is  withered,  seem  to  be 
the  conditions."! 

"  Practically  the  cultivation  of  Cape  Orchidacece  has 
always  been  found  extremely  dilTicuU  in  this  country. 
The  best  method  of  cultivating  the  present  species  is 
to  plant  it  out  in  a  pit  with  a  south  aspect,  fully  ex- 
posed to  the  sun's  rays  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The 
pit  must  be  well  drained,  and  the  soil  should  consist  of 
peat  well  mixed  with  sand  and  leaf-mould.  A  great 
deal  of  harm  may  be  done  by  injudicious  watering. 
When  it  is  not  growing  it  should  be  kept  perfecdy  dry. 
As  soon  as  it  begins  to  push  through  the  soil  a  little  water 
may  be  given,  not  amongst  the  leaves,  for  this  will 
probably  injure  them,  but  round  the  tubers  ;  this  may  be 
gradually  increased  as  the  plant  grows  until  the  flower- 
stem  makes  its  appearance,  when  the  water  must  be 
discontinued.  Heat  and  light  are  now  the  agents  which 
will  perfect  the  flower,  and  ripen  the  tubers  for  the  fol- 
lowing year.  When  propagation  is  attempted  it  must 
be  done  when  the  tubers  are  ripe,  and  the  plant  in  a 
state  of  inaction.  Those  who  have  no  pits  to  grow  this 
plant  in  may  be  equally  successful  by  cultivating  it  in 
pots,  if  the  above  suggestions  are  attended  to." 

Mr.  Bolus,  writing  to  me  upon  the  cultivation  of 
the  Cape  peninsula  species,  gives  the  following  as  his 
opinion  as  to  their  management  :  —  '*  I  believe  they 
should  be  gradually  dried  olT  afier  flowering,  and  then 
kept  in  pots,  laid  on  their  sides,  until  about  April 
(our  time),  when  they  should  be  repotted  and  the 
watering  most  carefully  attended  to,  that  is,  the  plants 
should  never  be  allowed  to  become  dry  nor  to  be 
sodden  for  want  of  drainage,  but  the  water  increased 
from  the  middle  of  April  until  the  end  of  Tuly, 
when  it  should  slacken  otT  until  October." 


Taking  the  dilTerent  character  of  the  seasons  in 
different  parts  ol  S  juth  Africa  into  consideration,  I 
think  it  probable  that  the  following  mode  of  treat- 
ment will  be  found  likely  to  give  good  result?.  Those 
species  which  come  from  the  south  and  south-western 
coast  region  should  be  planted  in  suitable  soil,  with 
thorough  drainage,  and  about  May  placed  out  in  the 
open  air  in  a  sunny  place,  but  protected  at  first  from 
any  very  cold  weather  (for  that  season  of  the  year), 
and  especially  from  heavy  rains.  The  watering  must 
be  very  carefully  attended  to  ;  at  first,  before  the 
l)ulbs  have  fairly  started  into  growth,  the  soil  should 
only  be  kept  just  damp,  not  wef.  As  growth  takes 
place  and  increases  the  water  should  be  increased, 
an  1  if  the  weather  is  not  too  sunny  the  plants  may 
freely  be  exposed  to  rain,  but  if  the  season 
s".uuld  be  a  hot,  dry  one,  it  would  be  better 
to  shade  the  plants  a  little  from  rhe  sun,  and  to  take 
care  not  to  water  over  the  foliage,  although  in  Nature 
some  of  them,  for  example  Disa  miculata,  D. 
rosea,  1>,  longicornis  and  D.  Richardiana,  grow  in 
places  that  are  constantly  dripping  with  moisture 
during  the  winter  and  spring  months^Miy  to  Sep- 
tember. When  the  flower  stem  appears  and  has 
made  a  little  growth,  the  water  should  be  gradually 
decreased,  and  when  in  flower  the  plants  should  be  ex- 
posed to  the  sun  as  much  as  possible.  After  flower- 
ing they  should  Ije  dried  off  rapidly  and  placed  in  a 
hot  dry  grcenhoufc,  the  pots  kept  exposed  to  the 
sun  an  I  k-[n  at  a  dry  temperature  of  70"  to  90" 
Fahr.  all  the  winter,  during  which  time  the  soil 
may  occasionally  be  damped  just  sufficient  to  prevent 
it  remaining  dust-dry  for  too  long  a  time.  About 
the  end  of  February  they  may  be  transferred  to  a 
cooler  house,  and  as  the  spring  advances  shTuld  be 
more  and  more  exposed  to  the  influences  of  the 
weather,  since  it  mnit  he  remembered  that  our  spri-ng 
for  temperature  is  nearly  on  a  par  with  the  late  autumn 
and  winter  at  the  Cape,  and  our  summer  rather 
hotter  than  their  spring  ;  so  that  by  graduating  the 
temoera'ure  and  water  in  the  way  indicated,  the 
plants  will  be  placed  under  conditions  somewhat  like 
those  they  have  in  Nature, 

Those  spacies  which  come  from  the  in'erinr 
regi  )ns  should,  I  think,  on  the  contrary,  be  placed  in 
a  dry,  hot  greenhouse  about  the  beginning  of 
September,  and  thi  watering  carefully  commenced, 
when  the  plants  show  signs  of  vegetative  activity, 
increasing  the  supply  as  growth  proceeds,  as  in  the 
former  case,  and  diminishing  it  when  the  flowers 
appear,  and  drying  off  rapidly  as  the  plant  begins  to 
wither.  As  the  winter  passes  away  and  the  tempera- 
ture outside  gets  warmer,  the  plants  should  be  gradu- 
ally placed  in  a  cooler  and  cooler  temperature,  and  in 
spring  and  summer  the  plants  may  be  placed  out  in  the 
open  air  in  a  sunny  place,  but  should  probably  be  pro- 
tected a  little  from  the  fierce  sunheat  sometimes  experi- 
enced in  our  summers,  and  should  be  kept  drv  until 
the  time  comes  for  placing  them  in  a  greenhouse  again. 

Concerning  open-air  treatment  it  may  be  worth 
whde  quoting  what  Lindley  has  published  in  the 
Botanital  Re:^isfc>\  1 838,  Miscellaneous  Notices, 
p.  S3,  under  Sityrium  papillosum  (S.  erectum,  Sw.) ; 
he  writes  :  —  "  It  is  particularly  deserving  of  notice 
that  the  first  of  these  species  (S.  candidum)  was 
planted  in  the  open  ground  in  May  last,  and  it  was 
under  such  circumstances  that  the  fine  specimens  I 
examined  were  produced.  Upon  this  subject  Sir  lohn 
Ilerschel  has  favoured  me  with  the  following  note  :  — 
"  The  specimen  of  S.  candidum  was  flowered  in  a 
box  of  bog  earth,  openly  exposed,  except  in  heavy 
rains  when  it  has  been  taken  in,  and  in  cold  nights 
has  been  protected  by  mats.  But  there  are  also 
several  specimens  of  the  S.  candidum  now  flowering  in 
an  open  bed  under  a  south  wall  with  no  protection 
whatever.  Of  these,  however,  the  spikes  are  not  yet 
so  fully  developed.  Some  specimens  of  that 
very  fine  Satyrium,  the  '  carneum,'  have  also 
flowered  {though  very  pale  in  colour)  in  garden  pots  of 
bog  earth,  exposed  as  in  the  case  of  S.  candidum  ; 
some  have  come  to  very  handsome  heads,  though 
far  inferior  to  what  they  do  with  very  little  care  in 
South  Africa,  where  specimens  have  been  obtained 
with  120  or  more  flowers  on  a  spike.  The  Satyrium 
papillosum  was  brought  over  in  a  box  of  Cape  soil  in 
a  growing  state,  and  though  generally  exposed  in 
London,  has  been  occasionally  brou;^ht  indoors  in  cold 
nights,  and,  since  the  flower-stalks  have  become  fully 
developed,  has  been  entirely  kept  in  the  bouse  and 
sometimes  placed  near  a  fire.  Sifyrium  chryso- 
stachyum  [S.  coriifolium].  a  fine  orange  flovered  kind, 
similarly  imported,  has  grown  well,  and  gone  through 


404 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18 


its  course,  but  without  throwing  up  a  single  flower- 
stalls.  It  is  now  dormant,  but  the  new  tubers  are 
satisfactorily  formed,  and  promise  well  for  next 
year." 

Those  species  which  are  natives  of  Natal  will  pro- 
bably require  a  little  moister  atmosphere,  and  a  more 
equable  temperature. 

As  to  repotting,  I  fancy  it  will  be  found  that  the 
less  the  bulbs  are  disturbed  the  better  ;  they  do  not 
get  repotted  in  Nature,  and  unless  the  soil  is  really 
untit  for  them  to  grow  in,  I  think  they  are  best  left 
alone.  Gardeners  as  a  rule  dislike  to  see  grass  or  weeds 
growing  with  their  plants  but  in  some  cases  there  may  be 
some  benefit  in  the  association  when  not  overcrowded  ; 
tubers  and  bulbs  under  natural  conditions  usually 
grow  amongst  grass,  moss,  &c.,  and  often  thrive  and 
grow  to  much  greater  perfection  under  those  condi- 
tions than  they  do  under  cultivation.  I  think  it 
probable  that  the  roots  of  grasses,  &c,,  growing  round 
tubers  and  bulbs  help  to  keep  the  latter  in  a  proper 
state  of  moisture,  preventing  them  from  getting  sodden 
by  carrying  off  superabundant  moisture,  and  when  at 
rest  preventing  the  bulbs  from  becoming  too  dry,  for 
however  dry  the  earth  may  appear,  a  small  amount  of 
moisture  is  always  rising  by  capillary  attraction 
towards  the  surface,  and  in  hot,  dry  climates  becomes 
vaporised  before  reaching  the  surface.  Some  of  this 
moisture  is  absorbed  by  the  roots  of  plants,  and 
although  perhaps  quite  insufficient  to  keep  the  aerial 
part  of  the  plant  in  activity,  yet  prevents  its  death  by 
keeping  alive  the  underground  portion  of  the  plant. 
Of  course  a  certain  amount  of  this  moisture  or  vapour 
will  be  absorbed  by  bulbs  or  tubers,  but  I  cannot  help 
thinking  that  a  network  of  root-fibres  around  them 
helps  to  keep  them  cooler  and  moister  than  they 
would  be  without  them  when  exposed  in  a  dry,  sandy 
soil  to  the  burning  sun-heat.  N.  E.  Brown,  Keiu. 


fully  cropped  ;  and  the  standards  and  espalier  fruit  trees 
were  carrying  heavy  loads.  In  a  nice  open  space 
was  the  stock  of  Chrysanthemums,  in  grand  order. 
The  pleasure  grounds  contain  many  interesting  views 
and  scenes — one  of  the  best  of  which  is  called  the  Swiss 
garden.  Under  the  shade  of  a  magnificent  Cedrus 
Libanus  on  a  mound,  is  a  modern  Swiss  cottage,  from 
the  windows  of  which  a  variety  of  pleasing  views  can 
be  obtained  of  the  adjoining  woodlands.  Near  the 
cottage  are  several  famous  trees,  two  Araucarias 
imbricata  (male  and  female),  the  latter  having  ripened 
a  cone  this  season  ;  a  grand  group  of  Abies  cana- 
densis, over  30  feet  high  and  laden  with  cones ; 
two  remarkably  handsome  Arbor-vitres  symmetri- 
cal in  shape  and  evenly  matched.  In  other  parts 
of  the  grounds  were  an  Oak  16  feet  6  inches 
at  4  feet  from  the  ground,  and  a  very  compact  spe- 
cimen of  Abies  clanbrasiliensis.  In  one  part  of 
the  grounds  several  fine  Spruce  Fir  trees  have  been 
taken  possession  of  by  the  wild  Clematis,  which  have 
clambered  to  the  top  of  the  trees  and  formed  fine 
clusters  of  flowering  shoots,  their  Vine-like  stems 
twisting  about  in  most  fantastic  forms,  and  reminding 
one  of  the  lianas  of  Brazilian  forests.  A  conservatory 
in  the  middle  of  the  grounds,  completely  hidden 
by  shrubs  and  entered  by  underground  passages 
lined  with  rough  terra  cotta,  is  both  uncommon  and 
pleasing,  the  visitor  being  taken  by  surprise  at  finding 
a  conservatory  in  such  an  unlikely  situation.  The 
gardens  are  under  the  able  management  of  Mr.  Allis, 
from  whom  I  experienced  great  kindness,  and  to 
whom  my  thanks  are  due  for  a  very  pleasant  after- 
noon, c.  7. 


with  blush  ;  Reyuolds  Hole,  Royal  Standard,  Senateur 
Vaisse,  Star  of  Waltham,  Violette  Bowyer,  white, 
slightly  tinged  with  soft  flesh  colour  ;  and  Xavier 
Olibo. 

It  will  be  observed  that  a  considerable  proportion 
of  the  foregoing  are  red  or  crimson  Roses,  and,  indeed, 
flowers  of  crimson  shades  were  very  conspicuous 
throughout  the  whole.  In  the  case  of  Rose  shows 
held  during  the  two  last  weeks  of  August  and  the  first 
week  of  September,  the  preponderance  of  red  varie- 
ties was  very  large  ;  it  usually  is  at  this  season  of  the 
year,  but  it  was  strikingly  manifested  this  season. 

A  few  Tea-scented  varieties  were  also  very  fine,  the 
seasonbeing  considered— Catherine  Mermet,  Innocente 
Pirola,  Madame  Falcot,  Madame  Willermoz,  Marie 
van  Houtte,  Niphetos,  Souvenir  d'Elise,  and  Sou- 
venir d'un  Ami.  Bennett's  Hybrid  Tea,  Lady  Mary 
Filzwilliam,  was  doing  remarkably  well,  and  so  were 
Bourbons  Baronne  Gonella  and  Souvenir  de  la  Mal- 
maison. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  claim  lor  the  varieties  com- 
prised in  the  foregoing  list  that  they  possess  hardy 
and  robust  constitutions,  and  when  planted  in  mode- 
rately rich  soil,  in  which  they  can  root  deeply,  they, 
despite  a  trying  drought,  well  bloom  continuously 
the  whole  summer.  It  may  be  that  the  soil  at 
Salisbury — a  good  holding  sandy  loam— is  favourable 
to  the  continuance  of  bloom  ;  if  this  be  so,  let  Rose 
cultivators  endeavour  to  secure  such  a  soil  for  them- 
selves as  nearly  as  they  can.  R.  D. 


OLD  WARDEN  PARK,  BED- 
FORDSHIRE. 
This,  the  handsome  residence  of  Joseph  Shuttle- 
worth,  Esq.,  is  situated  in  a  sheltered  part  of  the 
country,  li  mile  from  the  station  of  Southill  (Mid- 
land branch).  It  is  surrounded  by  magnificent  plea- 
sure grounds,  which  are  kept  in  fine  order,  as  is  also 
the  village  of  Old  Warden,  and  the  churchyard,  by  a 
staff  of  men  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  G.  Allis,  the 
respected  head  gardener.  A  word  or  two  anent  the 
village  and  church  referred  to  would,  perhaps,  not  be 
out  of  place,  as  both  are  objects  of  great  interest. 
The  village,  which  is  one  of  the  cleanest,  neat- 
est, and  most  picturesque  I  have  seen,  lies  in  a 
hollow,  or  rather  on  the  side  of  one,  and  is  sheltered 
by  thick  Pine  woods  planted  on  the  rising  ground, 
the  beneficial  effects  of  which  may  be  seen  in  the 
cottagers'  gardens,  where  fine  fruit  trees  and  vegetables 
were  luxuriating  ;  these  gardens  again  are,  in  most 
cases,  sheltered  by  some  capital  specimens  of  hedges, 
composed  of  different  varieties  .of  Hollies,  Privet, 
and  Aucuba.  A  length  of  prim  variegated  Holly 
hedge,  with  rough  pyramids  at  intervals,  is  a  sight  in 
itself,  and  when  covered  with  its  crop  of  berries 
would  be  well  worth  a  short  journey  to  behold.  The 
cottages  are,  for  the  most  part,  singular  in  outline  ; 
no  particular  form  predominating  ;  most  of  them  are 
thatched,  and  the  majority  have  climbers  of  Wistaria 
and  Vine.  Many  fine  young  Conifers  are  planted 
about  the  grass  plots  and  plantations.  I  noticed  a 
fine  group  of  Pinus  nobilis  making  splendid  growth  ; 
one  of  them,  more  stunted  ihan  the  rest,  had  a  fine 
cluster  of  thirteen  well  developed  cones. 

The  mansion,  which  is  approached  through  a  well 
timbered  park,  is  of  recent  construction,  and  is  a 
fine  massive  building.  The  gardens,  though  small, 
are  in  very  good  order.  The  glass  has  been  erected 
seven  or  eight  years,  and  the  vineries  were  in  good 
condition.  One  vinery,  besides  Black  Hamburgh, 
Muscat  Hamburgh,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Gros 
Colmar,  contained  some  exceedingly  fine  bunches  of 
Buckland  Sweetwater,  perfect  in  every  point.  The 
late  vinery  had  excellent  bunches  of  Lady  Downe's, 
Black  Alicante,  Pearson's  Golden  Queen,  Foster's 
Seedling,  and  Barbarossa. 

In  the  Melon  pits  the  plants  looked  well,  and 
included  fine  fruits  of  A.  F.  Barron,  Gilbert's  Netted, 
and  Hero  of  Lockinge.  The  plant-houses  contained 
for  the  most  part  decorative  stuff,  specimen  plants  not 
being  grown.  The  trees  on  walls  were  producing 
plentifully,  although  the  fruit  was  small. 

The  kitchen  garden  is  well  arranged,  and  was  skil- 


DRY  WEATHER  ROSES. 
IlAPrENiNG  to  visit  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co.'s  Castle  Street  Nursery,  at  Salisbury,  during  the 
third  week  in  August,  when  the  effects  of  the  drought 
were  being,  and  had  for  a  long  time  been  severely  felt, 
a  good  deal  of  interest  attached  to  the  behaviour  of 
certain  Roses  during  the  season,  for  it  was  a  matter 
of  surprise  to  see  some  of  the  dwarf  Ro^es  vigorous 
in  growth,  clean  and  flowering  freely  and  finely.  It 
is  true  that  the  Rose  grounds  at  Salisbury  slope 
down  towards  the  river  A.von,  but  no  water  had  been 
given  the-n,  for  all  the  labour  that  could  be  spared  for 
the  task  of  watering  found  ample  occupation  in 
keeping  alive  the  Dahlias  in  the  quarters  close  by. 

The  following  hybrid  perpetuals  can  be  grouped  as 
Roses  doing  well  in  dry  weather  :— A.  K.  Williams, 
not  large  but  full,  bright  and  good  ;  Alfred  Colomb, 
Alphonse  Soupert,  Lacharme,  new  of  1SS4,  bright 
pink,  very  large  and  bold  ;  Avocat  Duvivier,  bright 
purplish-red,  a  very  effective  Rose  j  Baron  de 
Bonstettin,  Black  Prince,  Camille  Bernardin,  Charles 
Darwin,  a  fine  deep  rich  crimson  variety  ;  Charles 
Lefebvre,  Comtesse  de  Serenye,  Comtesse  d'Oxford, 
Crown  Prince,  Docteur  Andry,  Duchesse  de  Morny, 
Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa,  beautiful  satiny  pink,  a 
fine  Pose;  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Duke  of  Teck,  Elie 
Morel,  Etienne  Levet,  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps,  Fisher 
Holmes,  Frani,-ois  Levet,  Fracfois  Michelon,  Horace 
Vernet,  John  Bright,  John  Stuart  Mill,  La  France, 
La  Rosiere,  a  charming  velvety  crimson  variety  ; 
Louis  Dove,  Louis  van  Houtte,  Madame  Charles 
Wood,  Madame  Eugene  Verdier,  Madame  Gabriel 
Luizet,  Madame  Hippolyte  Jamain,  Madame 
Lacharme,  Madame  Laurent,  Madame  Nachury, 
Madame  Rothschild,  Madame  Victor  Verdier, 
Mdlle.  Emilie  Fontaine,  crimson  fringed  with 
fiery  red  ;  Mdlle.  Eugenie  Verdier,  Mdlle.  Marie 
Rady,  Mdlle.  Marie  Verdier,  Magna  Charta,  Mar- 
guerite de  St.  Amand,  Marie  Baumann,  Marquise  de 
Castellane,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  charming  despite  the 
hot  weather,  and  a  lovely  white  Rose  ;  Mons.  E.  Y. 
Teas,  Mons.  Noman,  Nardy  Freres,  Pierre  Notiing, 
Queen  of  Queens,  a  very  pretty  pink  Rose,  edged 


MARKET    GARDENING. 

(CoitiiniicJ  froin  /.  299.) 

It  is  satisfactory  to  me  to  find  my  imperfect  re- 
marks prove  food  for  thought,  and  more,  that  an  occa- 
sional reader  resorts  to  the  pen  to  discuss  matters 
wherein  there  appears  to  be  divergence  of  opinion.  If 
I  had  one  intention  more  than  another  when  I  com- 
menced these  papers  on  "Market  Gardening"  it 
consisted  in  the  desire  to  place  before  professional 
gardeners  throughout  the  country  accurate  data  con- 
cerning the  methods  of  field  cultivators,  so  that 
notes  might  be  compared  for  mutual  benefit.  Con- 
sidering my  past  experience  in  private  garden  culti- 
vation, the  fact  that  I  gained  some  nine  prizes  at  a 
single  International  Exhibition  at  South  Kensington, 
and  the  circumstance  that  for  the  last  twelve  or  four- 
teen years  I  have  been  resident  amongst  market  gar- 
deners, and  have  had  the  best  opportunities  for  study- 
ing field  culture,  I  have  not  hesitated  to  speak  out, 
and  regret  that  any  correspondent  should  consider  my 
remarks  as  in  any  way  hostile.  I  am  bound,  never- 
theless, to  meet  "  M.  W.'s"  strictures  on  common 
sense  ground.     And  what  do  they  amount  to  ? 

I  have  found  no  fault  with  gardeners  or  with  the 
quality  of  their  supplies,  but  only  with  an  old  rule- 
of-thumb  practice,  or  system,  which  in  many  places 
still  obtains,  of  growing  too  few  hardy  vegetables  at 
too  great  an  outlay  for  labour  ;  such  system  being 
good  enough  for  growing  fine  produce  for  display, 
either  upon  the  ground  or  the  exhibition  tables, 
irrespective  of  quantity. 

Cai;bagi-s. — Now  as  to  Cabbages,  I  have  shown 
that  market-garden  growers  produce  beautiful  while- 
hearts  in  succession,  from  the  first  week  in  September 
until  the  beginning  of  June  following,  and  whether 
they  are  pulled  or  retained— as  they  often  are  for  the 
exigencies  of  marketing — they  exist  long  at  such  a 
period  of  the  year,  free  from  decay  or  particular 
injury.  Your  correspondent  may  do  the  same,  and 
not  resort  to  the  old  method  of  retaining  the  old 
stumps  of  late  spring  Cabbages  for  the  winter  uses. 

Hence,  I  entirely  dispute  his  assertion,  that  if 
the  maturing  crops  are  unused  a  "few  weeks," 
"  attendant  loss  and  stench  (!)  would  occur."  Further- 
more I  assert,  if  aged  Cabbages  will  not  keep  in  a 
thick  row  such  as  I  have  described,  they  will  become 
unfit  also  in  any  other  slate.  It  is  a  well  known 
fact  that  on  the  old  rule-of-thumb  system,  white- 
heart  Cabbages  are  not  in  use  until  the  month  of 
May  is  wearing  away.  Now  in  lieu  of  this,  I  say, 
have  white-hearts  all  the  winter  ;  plant  even  spring 
Cabbages  earlier,  larger  and  more  thickly  together  : 
let  them  shelter  and  "  nurse "  each  other,  and 
before  thinly  planted  plants  are  fit  for  use  these  will 
"come  on,"  so  that  every  other  plant  in  each  row, 
can  be  drawn  for  use  six  weeks  or  two  months  earlier, 
with  quality  and  even  "  M,  W.'s"  superabundance, 
combined. 

It  stands  to  reason,  however  "absurd  "  it  may  seem 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


405 


from  my  critic's  point  of  view,  that  even  if  liability  to 
decay,  and  a  stench  such  as  he  describes  existed,  he 
could  neutralise  all  by  thinning  out  the  plants  for 
immediate  use.  He  does  not  deny  my  quantities, 
but  admits  the  bulk  would  be  so  great  as  to  cause  a 
stench  !  This,  even  were  it  possible,  is  a  contingency 
also  neutralised  by  planting  half  the  accustomed  space 
of  ground — a  plan  I  recommended  in  favour  of 
growing  larger  supplies  of  other  more  valuable  vege- 
tables. "M.  W."  says  there  is  no  need  to  plant 
largely  in  private  gardens  because  certain  kinds  are 
"in  comparatively  small  demand,"  and  this  is  his 
reason  for  planting  Marrows  upon  rubbish-heaps. 
My  desire  was  to  show  those  who  place  timely  fire 
to  clear  away  rubbish-heaps,  and  very  many  of  whom 
annually  make  up  beds,  piling  upon  them  mounds  of 
soil,  covered  with  handlights,  how  simple  the  prac- 
tice in  connection  with  field  culture  is,  and  how 
unnecessary  the  outlay  usually  expended.  As  to 
making  allowances  for  tastes,  soils,  elevations,  &c., 
in  private  gardens,  such  matters  are  far  removed 
from  the  scope  or  intentions  of  a  writer  on  market 
gardening. 

Onions.  —  Onion  growing  has  become  an  im- 
portant item  in  connection  with  market  garden  field 
crops,  though  the  sorts  grown  vary  greatly  from 
what  is  customary  in  gardens,  the  more  important 
crop  being  autumn  sown  Lisbons.  The  ground  is 
well  manured,  an  average  quantity  of  moderately 
decomposed  manure,  costing  from  ^lo  to  £\2  per 
acre,  being  applied.  Seeds  are  occasionally  hand- 
sown  broadcast,  but  more  generally  horse-drilled, 
and  somewhat  thickly.  The  ground  is  generally 
Well  rolled  with  large  heavy  iron  rollers  after  plant- 
ing. Hoeing  is  performed  rapidly,  so  soon  as  the 
plants  are  an  inch  or  two  high,  the  price  given 
varying  according  to  the  crop  of  weeds,  from  'id.  to 
41/.  a  square  rod  being  sometimes  given  ;  after  which, 
if  the  weather  is  suitable,  another  horse-rolling  is 
given.  Occasionally  during  mild  winters  two,  and 
sometimes  three  hoeings  are  requisite  to  keep  the 
weeds  down.  In  the  spring  months  rapid  growth  is 
made,  great  aid  at  such  a  time  being  afforded  by 
a  good  dressing  with  soot,  or  a  very  moderate  one  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  both  of  which  produce  very  rapidly, 
especially  during  showery  weather,  a  deep  green 
colour  in  the  leaves,  forcing  growth,  and  materially 
assisting  their  sale.  Such  crops  are  generally  drawn 
when  the  plants  show  first  signs  of  bulbing,  and  sub- 
sequently, as  they  are  bunched  and  marketed  in  the 
green  state.  The  price  given  by  "jobbers,"  who 
purchase  the  crops  as  they  stand,  and  undertaking 
the  whole  subsequent  work  of  digging,  or  drawing, 
bunching  and  marketing,  is  from  ^20  to  £yi  an 
acre,  the  latter  price  not  being  an  excessive  one  for 
good  crops.  The  White  Spanish  for  summer  crops, 
and  at  times  Brown  Globe,  are  treated  in  like  manner, 
harvested,  and  generally  stored  for  a  month  or  two, 
when  they  are  disposed  of  by  the  ton. 

During  winter  and  spring  seasons  the  prices  for 
such  will  vary  very  greatly,  even  within  a  month  or 
two.  The  crop  this  season  is  a  poor  one — so  small, 
that  the  markets  have  been  already  glutted  with  them 
bunched,  and  not  within  the  last  decade  have  such 
immense  numbers  of  picklers  been  left  upon  the 
old  beds  for  future  collecting  as  are  seen  at  this 
time. 

Rhuiiarb,  which  a  few  years  ago  was  but  occasion- 
ally grown,  and  generally  on  the  southern  and  western 
sides  of  the  metropolis,  has  become  a  standing  crop  on 
market  garden  farms  generally.  Warm  sites,  and,  as 
fat  as  possible,  deep  early  lands  are  chosen,  and 
are  heavily  manured,  whereon  stools,  cut  into  suitable 
crowns,  are  planted,  generally  in  rows.  During  the 
month  of  February  the  soil  is  moved  between  the  lines, 
following  which  the  crowns  are  covered  over  with  the 
coarser  stable  sweepings  brought  from  town.  Some 
is  forced  by  actual  fermentation  of  such  materials, 
some  is  only  protected  by  the  light  covering  under 
which  it  grows,  and  is  pulled,  bunched,  and  mar- 
keted, as  soon  as  large  enough,  the  practice  being  to 
draw  plants  and  portions  of  plantations  wholly,  and 
not  to  select  here  and  there  the  largest  sticks,  as  is 
customary  in  gardens  ;  and  it  would  seem  by  this  pro- 
cess that  far  heavier  successional  gatherings  aresecured, 
as,  following  each  gathering,  another  seems  to  form 
very  rapidly,  and  hardly  second  in  quality  to  the  first. 
Excepting  in  so  far  as  the  remains  of  the  spring 
covering  decays,  and  finds  its  way  to  the  roots,  direct 
manurings  are  an  exceptional  practice.  William 
Ear  ley, 

{To  be  continued.) 


L^LIA    ANCEPS   AND  L.    HAR- 

POPHYLLA. 

The  short  oblong  pod  of  this  species  (fig.  SS)  may 

be  compared  with  that  of  L.  harpophylla  (fig.   Sg), 


which,  though  nearly,  if  not  quite  as  broad  in  the 
centre,  tapers  more  acutely  to  either  end,  and  in  which, 
moreover,  the  ribs  are  less  prominent  than  in  L.  anceps. 
To  what  extent  these  characters  are  to  be  relied  on 
we  do  not  know,  as  it  is  only  by  the  examination  of 


^ 


large  nnmbers  of  specimens  that  a  safe  opinion  can 
be  formed. 

Rhamnus  Frangula. — The  berry-bearing  Alder 
is  not  one  of  the  least  useful  of  our  indigenous  plants. 
Its  unripe  drupes  are  used  to  dye  a  green  colour,  and 
its  wood  is  the  Black  Dogwood  of  gunpowder-makers. 
In  addition  to  the  uses  mentioned  (for  making  gun- 
powder it  is  largely  cultivated  in  some  countries),  it 
is  also  grown  in  Belgium  and  elsewhere  for  shoe- 
makers' pegs,  and  also  for  garden-sticks. 


FERNS    AT    KEW. 

The  value  to  horticulture  of  such  a  rich  collection 
of  Ferns  as  is  now  at  Kew  is  seen  in  the  number  of 
visitors  who  go  through  the  ferneries,  note-book  in 
hand,  jotting  down  the  names  of  those  kinds  which 
have  most  attraction  for  them,  and  probably  also  at 
the  same  time  noting  the  conditions  under  which  each 
kind  is  grown.  Kew  has  been  for  many  years  famed 
for  the  richness  of  its  Fern  collection,  a  collection 
which  had  its  origin  in  the  zeal  and  perseverance  of 
two  of  our  most  eminent  pteridologists,  the  late  Sir 
Wm.  Hooker  and  the  venerable  ex-Curator,  Mr.  J. 
Smith.  Under  the  fostering  care  of  these  two  men 
the  Ferns  at  Kew  rapidly  increased  in  number,  and 
the  growth  and  interest  of  the  collection  have  continued 
till  the  present,  so  that  the  ferneries  at  Kew  contain 
perhaps  the  finest  and  most  extensive  Fern  collection 
in  existence.  In  the  general  characters  of  many  of 
the  kinds  there  represented  much  similarity  is 
apparent,  and  for  ordinary  gardening  purposes  those 
species  which  are  only  to  be  distinguished  from  each 
other  with  the  aid  of  a  microscope  are  often  con- 
fusing. Still  the  hosts  of  distinct  and  beautiful 
Ferns  that  are  available  for  general  cultivation,  do 
not  meet  with  as  much  attention  outside  botanical 
collections  as  their  merits  deserve.  Pleasure  is  derived 
from  a  change  in  the  plants  we  cultivate  as  much  as 
in  other  sources* of  enjoyment,  and  it  is  so  easy  to 
make  a  selection  of  the  kinds  we  would  prefer  to  try 
next  by  utilising  such  an-  establishment  as  Kew  that 
we  are  surprised  to  find  so  much  conservatism  among 
Fern  fanciers.  The  Ferns  at  Kew  may  be  pointed  to  as 
an  instance  of  what  we  mean,  for  there  are  many  hand- 
some species  quite  distinct  from  what  we  ordinarily 
meet  with,  and  which  have  been  grown  at  Kew  many 
years,  but  which  are  still  strangers  to  most  gardeners. 
Not  only  may  this  be  said  of  the  Ferns  themselves, 
but  also  of  the  manner  of  their  cultivation  at  Kew, 
The  handsome,  graceful  drapery  or  curtains  formed 
in  the  large  fernery  by  tastefully  training  the  different 
climbing  Ferns  from  one  pillar  to  another  ;  the  beauty 
of  many  of  the  Ferns  when  grown  in  baskets, 
the  strange  attractive  pictures  presented  by  large 
specimen  Platyceriums  placed  on  brackets,  as  we 
place  old  china  ;  the  mound  clothed  with  masses  of 
foliage  formed  by  planting  the  rhizomatous  or  trailing 
kinds  on  conical  mounds  of  peat ;  and  last,  but  not 
least,  the  beauty  and  extraordinary  variety  of  the 
Selaginellas.  The  latter  genus  is  represented  by  over 
sixty  kinds,  amongst  them  being  climbing,  arboreous, 
rosette-shaped,  and  tiny  crawling  centipede-like 
varieties,  all  in  vigorous  growth  and  health,  and  not 
one  of  them  unworthy  a  place  among  popular  garden 
plants.  Most  cultivators  know  S.  denticulata  (of 
gardens),  S.  Martensii,  and  perhaps  S.  Wildenovii, 
but  to  many  of  them  the  collection  of  Selaginellas  at 
Kew  would  be  a  great  surprise,  for,  as  was  said  by  an 
eminent  gardener  the  other  day,  "  nobody  seems  to 
know  much  about  these  beautiful  plants." 

The  Filmy  Ferns  are  most  of  them  beyond  the  capa- 
bilities of  ordinary  plant-houses,  requiring  for  their 
healthy  growth  a  special  structure,  and  yet  Mr. 
Cooper  Foster  in  the  little  greenhouse  adjoining  his 
drawing,  room  has  proved  how  even  Filmy  Ferns  may 
be  successfully  cultivated  by  an  amateur  situated  in 
the  heart  of  London.  At  Kew  there  is  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  these  plants,  most  of  them  growing  in  a  house 
where  fire-heat  is  given  only  during  winter-time,  so 
that  the  cost  of  keeping  such  plants  in  health  is  com- 
paratively light.  We  imagine  that  in  an  ordinary 
cool  Orchid-house  such  Filmy  Ferns  as  the  Todeas, 
the  Killarney  and  Tunbridge  Ferns,  and  one  or  two 
other  robust  kinds,  might  be  successfully  grown. 

Adiantums  are  at  Kew  rich  in  number  of  kinds, 
just  about  a  hundred  being  represented,  which  are  now 
at  their  best,  so  that  for  comparison  and  selection  they 
may  be  turned  to  good  account  by  visitors. 

Reverting  to  the  kinds  grown  in  baskets  we  may 
here  give  a  list  of  the  most  striking  of  the  species 
used,  though  it  is  not  difficult  to  cultivate  any  of  the 
small  Ferns  in  baskets,  the  question  being  their 
adaptability  for  such  a  purpose.  Of  Adiantums  the 
most  charming  in  baskets  are  A.  assimile  with  thin 
stalks  and  graceful  almost  transparent  pinn^  ;  A. 
rhodophyllum,  the  beautiful  rosy  tints  of  which  are 
brought  out  by  being  placed  near  the  glass  ;  A. 
venustum,  also  a  rose-tinted  species,  much  more 
delicate  than  the  last  ;  A.  caudatum,  with  long  droop- 
ing narrow  fronds  bearing  on  their  tips  perfect  young 
plants  like  the  hen-and-chicken  Saxifrage,  but  much 
more  charming  ;  A,  amabile  or  Moorei,  which  is  a 


4o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


LSettember  26,  1S85. 


perfect  ball  of  airy  fronds,  no  basket  being  visible 
through  them  ;  A.  linctum  and  A.  Veiichii,  grown 
in  baskets  to  heighten  the  red  colour  of  the  young 
fronds  ;  A.  colpodes,  also  ihin  and  graceful  ;  and  the 
mist-liVe  A.  graciliimum,  seen  to  advantage  only 
when  hung  up  in  a  basket  between  the  eye  and  the 
light.  After  the  Adiantums  come  the  Davalltas  of  the 
disstcla  group,  D.  dissecta  (elegans)  itself  looking 
exceptionally  chaiming  with  its  bright  green  triangular 
fronds,  and  brown  creeping  stems,  which  clasp  the 
basket  all  round  and  look  like  so  many  squirrels' 
paws.  Pulypodiura  or  Goniophlebium  subauricula- 
turn  and  Nephrolepis  cordifolia  are  both  well  known 
as  basket  plants,  and  at  Kew  they  are  plentifully 
grown  as  such,  the  long  combhke  fronds  of  the  or.e 
and  the  graceful  feathery  leaves  of  the  other  reaching 
down  4  or  6  feet  from  the  baskets. 

Polypodium  appendiculatum,  like  our  native  Poly- 
pody, but  with  the  leaves  beautifully  veined  and  tinted 
with  vinous  red  ;  Acrostichum  venosutn,  with  long 
Hart's-tongue  leaves,  clothed  with  floury  grey  scales  ; 
these,  and  others  besides,  struck  us  as  being  specially 
serviceable  for  cultivaiion  in  baskets.  Selaginellas  of 
various  kinds  are  used  for  covering  the  baskets  and 
mould  where  the  habit  of  the  plant  is  not  such  as 
would  hide  them. 

Among  plants  of  special  interest  and  rarity  we 
noticed  Tiichomanes  Prieurii  in  splendid  health,  as 
also  were  T.  crispum  and  T.  floribundum  (pinnatum). 
Helmiplhostachys  zeylanlca,  a  pretty  Hltle  Ceylon 
Fern,  wilh  an  appearance  somewhat  like  an  Anemia  ; 
Selaginella  canaliculata,  the  stem  of  which  is  as 
thick  as  a  man's  thumb,  and  nearly  5  feet  high  ; 
these  were  all  in  beautiful  health,  as,  indeed,  the  col- 
lection in  general  is.  B. 


EIGHT  DAYS'  IN  THE  GARDEN 
OF  ENGLAND. 

ToTNES.  — Attracted  apparently  by  the  scenic  beauty 
of  the  estuary  of  the  Dart,  "  the  English  Rhine  "  in 
niinialuie,  it  is  related  that  "Brutus  of  Troy,  "the  great 
grandson  of  Virgil's  hero,  -l-Lneas,  landed  on  the  spot 
where  now  stands  the  borough  of  Tolnes  ;  and  as 
this  was  some  time  before  he  founded  Troy  >icvant 
(New  Troy),  afterwards  known  as  Augusta  Tiinoban- 
tum,  and  as  London,  Tolnes  may  claim  to  be  the 
most  ancient  borough  in  Brutus'  land,  or  Biitain. 
The  legend  must  be  true  as  a  shapeless  lump  of 
granite  by  the  side  of  the  main  street  commemorates 
the  fact.     It  bears  no  inscription  ! 

The  town,  moreover,  countenances  the  tradition  of 
its  antiquity  ;  fur,  if  the  grass  does  not  grow  as  rankly 
in  its  High  Street  as  in  that  of  the  ancient  Cinque 
port  of  Rye,  it  is  only  because  of  the  extreme  steep- 
ness of  the  gradients  in  the  Devonian  town  which 
cause  the  Dartmoor  showers  to  scour  them  clean  *'  to 
the  metal."  Th?re  is  only  one  level  street  in  the  place, 
that  namely  down  by  the  wharves  of  the  river  Dart, 
which  here  ceases  to  be  tidal,  and  makes  a  consider- 
able bend  in  its  course.  This  has  so  impressed  the 
natives  of  this  old  hill-fort,  that  they  style  this  short 
street  "The  Plains,"  and  have  chosen  it  as  the  site 
of  their  one  monument,  a  grey  granite  obelisk,  in- 
scribed to  the  memory  of  poor  William  John  Wills,  a 
native  of  Totnes,  who  was,  with  Burke,  the  first  to 
cross  the  continent  of  .\ustralia  from  south  to  north, 
and  who  died  of  starvation  in  iS6i,  on  the  return 
journey.  To  the  botanist,  the  memory  of  this  ill-fated 
expedition  is  associated  with  the  Rhizocarp  Marsilia 
salvatrix,  the  "Nardoo,"on  the  scanty  starch  in  the 
macrospores  of  which  the  party  kept  themselves  alive 
for  some  time.  Did  the  simple  obelisk  require  em- 
bellishment, nothing  could  be  more  suitable  than  the 
pretty  quatreloil  frond  of  this  aquatic,  that  is  now 
familiar  in  many  greenhouses. 

From  the  river  and  the  "plains,"  as  at  Exeter,  a 
sleep  street  denominated  Fore  Street  ascends  to  the 
clock-surmounted  arch  of  the  West  Gate  of  the  old 
town,  on  eiiher  side  of  which  steeply  sloping  gardens 
and  houses,  rising  rapidly  one  above  another,  mark 
the  line  of  the  old  walls,  just  within  which  stand  the 
church  and  Guildhall.  The  former  is  a  fine  specimen 
of  the  Perpendicular  architecture,  so  characteristic  of 
South  Devon.  It  is  built  of  the  warm-tinted  red 
ochreous  limestone  of  the  district,  and  the  only 
church  of  the  little  borough  i;,  with  its  double  north 
aisle,  ample  chancels,  and  lofty  tower,  a  buildmg 
Totnes  may  well  be  proud  of.  The  painted  stone 
screen,  with  most  delicate  tracery,  is  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  kingdom,  whilst  the  carved 


Oak  Corporation  pews  remind  us  that   we  are  in  a 
municipality. 

The  old  priory  on  the  north  side  of  the  church, 
now  used  as  a  prison,  justice-room,  and  guildhall,  all 
in  one,  is  most  quaintly  interesting.  We  were  care- 
fully examining  the  castle  betwixt  two  keys  of  the 
town  arms,  above  the  justice-seat,  the  commodious 
stocks  to  accommodate  four  culprits,  the  oil-paintings 
of  departed  magnates,  and  the  "linen-pattern" 
scroll-work  on  the  Oak  benche?,  when  we  were 
frighted  away  by  the  solemn  inquiry  from  the  aged 
female  custoJian  of  an  equally  ancient  male,  "  Is 
there  any  one  in  the  prison?"  It  was  justices' day, 
and  there  being,  it  seemed,  "a  plentiful  lack  of" 
prisoners,  we  thought  we  had  better  leave,  before 
some  Dogberry  or  Verges  should  prove  mistrustful  of 
our  botanical  vasculum  or  geological  hammer. 

From  the  church  the  High  Street  still  ascends, 
flanked  on  either  side  by  quaint  granite' columned 
"piazzas,"  faintly  suggestive  of  the  "rows"  at 
Chester,  to  the  Castle,  whence  Judhael  de  Totnes, 
the  founder  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Mary,  was  able  to 
overawe  his  feudatories  in  the  town.  The  Castle  is 
now  enclosed  and  neatly  laid  out  as  a  garden,  the 
main  lawn  being  devoted  to  the  now  ubiquitous 
tennis.  The  keep  is  the  chief  portion  preserved,  the 
building  being,  as  the  American  tourist  remarked, 
"in  a  very  bad  state  of  repair."  A  lolly  mound, 
probably  consisting  merely  of  debris,  covering  a  lower 
storey  of  the  tower,  is  now  draped  with  Hart's- 
tongue,  which  is  perhaps  the  most  abundant  Fern  of 
South  L)evoD,  and  ascended  by  a  somewhat  painful 
flight  of  steps  ;  whilst  the  upper  storey  is  a  circular 
grass  plot,  some  60  feet  in  diameter,  surrounded  by  a 
lo-foot  wall,  on  which  is  a  path  round  the  battle- 
ments, commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  gorge  of  the 
Dart.  A  young  tree,  springing  from  among  the 
battlements,  suggested  to  us  the  consideration  that, 
picture^qle  though  they  may  be,  the  custodians  of 
such  places  should  beware  of  permitting  the  extensive 
growth  of  such  parasitic  vegetation,  for  the  roots  of 
one  such  tree  may  work  more  damage  than  one  of 
"old  Crummle's "  cannon-shol.  Almost  all  our 
ruins  are  attributed,  somewhat  unfairly,  to  the  Lord 
Protector.  On  one  side  of  the  keep  its  slopes  have 
been  industriously  terraced  into  a  kitchen-garden,  and 
in  another  part  of  the  grounds  a  very  perfect  portion 
of  the  Castle  ditch  was  overgrown  with  Periwinkle, 
Mullein,  and  that  lover  of  made  ground,  the  greater 
Celandine.  Chelidonium  majus  may  be  a  weedy 
thing,  but  after  all  so  is  Macleaya  cordata,  the 
foliage  of  which  is  no  whit  more  unique  in  outline 
and  colour  than  is  that  of  our  native  Papaverad. 

The  walls  here,  as  elsewhere,  throughout  the  dis- 
trict, bore  many  fine  plants  of  Cotyledon  umbilicus — 
a  characteristically  West-country  plant  ;  but  the  tall 
spikes  of  its  creamy  blossoms  were  over  at  the  season 
of  our  visit.  The  pleasing  comliination  of  the  Moun- 
tain Ash,  with  its  slender  gracefulness  of  stem.  Fern- 
like foliage,  and  distinctively  coloured  fruit — then  not 
as  yet  ripe — against  the  grey  ruined  walls,  was  also  to 
be  noted  here. 

(T„  be  conHnuett) 


FOJ^ESTf^Y. 

A  Select  Committee  cf  the  House  of  Commons 
was  appointed  on  Friday,  May  15,  "to  consider 
whether,  by  the  establishment  of  a  Forest  School,  or 
otherwise,  our  woodlands  could  be  rendered  more 
remunerative." 

The  first  witness  examined  was  Mr.  William  G. 
Pedder,  head  of  the  Revenue  Department  of  the 
Indi-  C)liice.  The  forest  organisation  in  India,  he 
said,  originated  in  1S46  ;  and  in  lS6j  further  steps 
were  taken  to  secure  the  scientific  training  of  Indian 
forest  olTicials.  Last  year  the  gross  revenue  had  risen 
to  nearly  ^'1,000,000,  and  the  nett  revenue  to  nearly 
^"400,000.  Mr.  Pedder  expressed  an  opinion  that  in 
twenty  or  thirty  years  hence,  when  the  result  of  what 
is  now  done  has  become  apparent,  the  nett  returns  of 
the  revenue  from  Indian  forests  will  become  very 
much  larger.  The  Indian  Government  established 
their  school  at  Dehra  Dun  because  it  was  dtsirable 
that  officers,  even  of  the  lower  grade,  should  have 
some  special  training.  It  had  only  been  established 
for  five  years,  so  that  they  could  not  tell  yet  what  the 
the  result  of  it  might  be. 

But  the  improvement  which  has  taken  place  in  the 
forests  was  a  much  more  important  element  than  the 


mere  increase  of  nett  revenue.  The  forests  were  in 
course  of  being  so  completely  destroyed  in  the  various 
parts  of  India  that  the  duty  of  the  Forest  Depart- 
ment had  been  to  conserve  them.  He  thought  that, 
by  the  improvement  of  the  education  of  our  forest 
cfticials,  we  might  produce  somewhat  similar  im- 
provements in  England  to  those  which  have  resulied 
in  India.  Believing  there  might  be  some  improve- 
ments tfTecled  in  training  the  forest  olticials,  we 
requested  the  French  Government  to  send  over  an 
experienced  officer  to  examine  and  report  upon  the 
state  of  the  English  woodlands,  and  the  authorities 
sent  over  Professor  Boppe,  who  made  a  tour  of  in- 
spection of  some  of  our  forests,  accompanied  by 
Colonel  Pearson,  then  forest  officer  at  Nancy,  ar.d 
some  of  the  students.  In  his  report  the  Inspector  of 
French  Forests  says,  were  it  only  for  the  purpose  of 
replanting  the  five  or  six  millions  ol  moor  and  waste 
land  which  cover  one-third  of  the  Highlands,  he 
should  consider  there  was  a  sufficient  reason  for  the 
formation  of  a  Forest  School.  He  recommended  that 
a  National  Forest  School  be  founded  in  Great  Britain, 
and  that  Professorships  of  Sylviculture  be  instituted 
at  Cooper's  Hill  and  at  Edinburgh.  He  believed  the 
establishment  in  England  of  a  similar  school  to  that 
of  Dihra  Dun  would  be  advantageous. 

Dr.  Hugh  Cleghorn,  who  was  for  twelve  years 
conservator  of  the  Madras  forests,  said  he  concurred 
in  Mr.  Peddet's  views.  It  was  unquestionable  that, 
if  we  had  more  trained  oflicials,  our  woodlands  would 
be  render-d  moie  remunerative  ;  and  it  was  mar- 
vellous that  we  should  not  at  an  earlier  date  have 
begun  to  adopt  some  means  to  preseive  them.  The 
establishment  of  a  Forest  School  in  each  of  the  three 
kingdoms  would  be  a  great  advantage  to  this  coun. 
try.  The  supplies  of  timber  coming  from  abroad 
were  rapidly  diminishing,  and  it  was  of  great  conse- 
quence that  we  should  endeavour  to  increase  our  own 
production.  There  were  many  places  in  this  country 
exceedingly  suitable  for  planting,  but  it  would  be 
necessary  to  exclude  sheep  for  perhaps  thirty  years. 

Colonel  Pearson,  who  represented  the  Indian 
Government  for  eleven  years  at  the  Forest  School  at 
Nancy,  said  he  had  the  general  charge  of  the  forest 
students,  and  had  been  through  most  of  the  prin- 
cipal French  forests.  He  had  also  been  through  the 
British  forests  wiih  the  French  Professors.  Several 
English  colonists  hid  applied  to  him  for  officials  to 
take  the  management  of  forests,  and,  being  unable  to 
find  any  qualified  Englishmen,  he  had  been  obliged 
to  recommend  French  officials.  The  school  at  Nancy 
was  an  admirable  one,  and.had  done  great  service  by 
instructing  a  very  able  body  of  men,  who  were  now 
carrying  on  good  work  in  India.  He  was  in  favour 
of  supplemeniing  the  general  education  given  in 
this  country  by  giving  a  special  forest  education 
in  some  convenient  place,  where  there  should  be 
a  museum  supplied  wilh  an  instructor  in  forestry 
who  might  give  lectures  on  the  subject,  and  conduct 
the  pupils  from  lime  to  time  into  dilTerent  forests  with 
the  view  of  enforcing  the  instruction  of  the  lecture- 
room.  He  did  not  know  one  mature  forest  in  England 
or  Scotland  at  present,  and,  therefore,  for  an  im- 
portant part  of  the  instruction  relating  to  the  removal 
of  the  crop,  the  students  would  have  to  go  abroad.  It 
would  be  desirable  to  interest  in  this  subject  persons 
concerned  in  the  education  of  land  agents.  We  should 
suffer  in  the  future  if  this  matter  were  not  taken  up 
now.  lie  would  give  three  courses — elementary,  for  the 
wood  manager;  more  advanced  for  the  land  agent ;  and 
a  higher  course  for  those  who  wanted  a  thorough 
education  ;  but  for  the  complete  course  men  ought 
to  go  to  the  Continent.  There  was  one  spot  in  the 
Forest  of  Dean  especially  suitable  for  instruction  ; 
bat  neither  there  nor  in  the  New  F'orest  could 
anything  be  shown  regarding  the  management  of 
Conifers. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer,  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  said  Kew  performed,  to  a 
large  extent,  th«  part  of  a  botanical  authority  to  the 
Government,  and  when  the  Colonies  applied  for 
information,  the  Government  sent  to  Kew  for  assist- 
ance. It  had  been  found  impossible  to  recommend 
to  the  Colonial  Office  properly  qualified  persons  either 
to  report  upon  or  to  manage  colonial  woods.  Apart 
from  the  trained  officials  of  the  Indian  Forest  Depart- 
ment, it  was  praciically  impossible  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  Colonies  \  and  that  department  had 
only  spared  men  temporarily,  which  had  caused  great  . 
inconvenience.  A  good  many  of  our  Colonies 
had  now  come  to  that  state  ol  things  that  there  will 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


407 


probably  be  a  demand  for  persons  who  understood 
the  management  of  forests.  He  would  mike  the 
d,'mand  for  India  a  kind  of  nucleus  of  a  school 
which  should  be  utilised  for  the  education  of  such 
gentlemen  as  wished  to  undertake  colonial  service, 
and  for  the  instruction  of  land  agents  and  persons 
competent  to  give  advice  as  to  our  own  woods. 

The  S.\iallleaved  Lime. 
Where  a  neat,  somewhat  low-growing  shule  tree  is 
required  Tilia  cordata  is  preferable  to  tiihcr  T.  pla- 
typhyllos  or  T.  vulgari>-.  At  Melz,  and  elsewhere  in 
western  Germany,  and  also  in  eastern  France,  &c  , 
where  the  three  species  were  often  growing  in  close 
proximity,  the  contrast  between  the  bright,  cheerful, 
fresh  appearance  of  the  first  named  and  the  parched- 
up,  almost  leafless  state  of  the  two  latter  was  very 
marked  last  month.  In  some  towns  the  street 
avenues,  and  the  trees  planted  thickly  in  the  squares 
for  shade  purposes,  were  almost  all  T.  cordata,  which 
seems  rarely  planted  in  Britain.  It  may  be  as  well  to 
remark  that  T.  cordata  is  the  correct  name  of  the 
species  generally  mentioned  in  works  on  British 
botany  as  T.  parvifolia.  T.  platyphyllos  and  T. 
vulgaris  are  both  included  under  the  old  name,  T. 
europKa  ;  the  two  species  are,  however,  thoroughly 
distinct,  and  in  most  cases  can  be  readily  recognised 
by  the  leaves  alone.  The  first  has  soft  leaves,  more 
or  less  hairy  on  both  surfaces,  and  flowers  earlier  than 
T.  vulgaris,  which  has  the  leaves  glabrous  except  in 
the  a.\ils  of  the  principal  veins. 


the  texture,  thus  making  it  unsuitable  for  the  ground- 
work of  any  good  quality  of  paper.  Moreover,  the 
cost  of  manufacture  is  very  great,  and  precludes- iis 
extensive  use.  But  the  parity  of  the  fibre  makes 
cellulose  a  blending  material  of  the  first  order.  Its 
market  value  at  present  is  about  £\\  per  ton.  In 
England  there  are  three  establishments  which  produce 
"chemical  wood,"  and,  under  various  designations 
and  patents,  this  wood-pulp  system  bids  fair  to  sho^ 
substantial  dimensions  at  no  distant  period.  Indian 
AL'nciillurisl. 


WOOD    PAPER. 


The  use  of  wood  in  paper-making  is  not  as  new  as 
might  be  supposed.  This  means  of  supplying  the 
want  of  rags  in  the  manufacture  of  paper  dates  nearly 
a  century  back,  and  under  certain  processes  of  de- 
velopment wood  now  forms  an  important  element  in 
the  paper  industry.  The  extensive  employment  of 
wood-pulp  in  paper-making  has  in  recent  years  given 
an  impetus  to  th.;  establishment  of  factories  in  all 
parts  of  Northern  Europe,  and  in  the  Northern  States 
of  the  American  Union,  so  as  to  meet  the  increasing 
demand  for  this  relief  material,  which  is  used  chiefly 
for  mixing  or  consumption  with  stock.  It  is  said  that 
in  fjermany  alone  wood-pulp  constitutes  75  per  cent, 
of  the  paper  made  in  that  country.  The  first  indus- 
trial application  of  wood-fibre  in  the  United  Kingdom 
was  made  in  1S47,  when  mechanical  wood  tissue 
obtained  by  grinding  wood  was  used  as  an  element  in 
paper-making.  Later  on,  about  1S53,  better  wood- 
products  under  various  names  began  to  supersede  the 
so-called  mechanical  wood.  The  later  manufactures 
were  chemically  prepared,  and  therefore  possessed 
superior  advantages.  They  resolve  themselves  into 
two  classes,  viz.,  I,  those  partially  treated  with  bi- 
sulphite of  lime,  and  called  sulphite  ;  and,  2,  those 
effectually  treated  with  caustic  soda,  and  known  as 
"chemical  wood,"  or  cellulose. 

These  two  varieties  of  wood-pulp  differ  materially, 
both  as  regards  utility  and  cost.  The  first  occupies 
an  intermediate  position  between  absolute  rawness 
and  absolute  purity  of  the  wood  fibre.  The  yield  of 
pulp  is  larger  and  of  stronger  fibre,  but  it  is  wanting  in 
purity,  which  limits  the  use  of  sulphite  ;  at  the  same 
time  the  price  is  only  half  that  of  cellulose,  and  is  a 
vast  improvement  upon  ordinary  wood  fibre,  or 
ground  wood.  It  is  purer  than  mechanical  wood 
pulp,  and  worth  double  its  price.  Sulphite  is  parti- 
cularly adapted  to  the  cheap  papers  of  the  present 
day.  Notwithstanding  its  imperfections  in  respect 
to  purity,  the  fibrous  nature  of  sulphite  renders  it  in 
itself,  when  properly  used,  a  suitable  material  for 
paper-making  without  any  other  backing  of  fibre 
whatever.  The  price  varies  from  £^  \.o  £^  per  ton, 
landed  free  in  London.  It  is  largely  imported  into 
India  as  an  adulterant,  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
this  country  should  not  meet  its  own  supply  with  the 
facilities  which  the  large  sources  of  cheap  suitable 
timber  available  on  the  Himalayas  afford.  The 
Indian  importation  has  received  an  impetus  of  late 
years,  and  shows  a  marked  tendency  to  continue 
increasing,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  raw  ma- 
terials in  the  country  for  paper-making,  and  the  fresh 
additions  always  being  made  to  their  number. 

As  regards  chemical  fibre,  or  cellulose,  it  is  the 
purest  variety  of  wood-fibre  ;  but  this  purity  is 
obtained  at  great  cost,  and  at  a  sacrifice  of  strength. 
The  severity  of  the  treatment  which  it  undergoes  not 
only  reduces  the  bulk  of  the  out-turn,  but  depreciates 


j-lo/vlE     ;f  0RRE3P0J^DEJ^C£. 


Jasminum  azoricum. — L-aving  out  of  question 
the  pure  white  sweetly  scented  flowers  of  this  species, 
the  foliage  alone  offers  a  plea  for  its  cultivation. 
Excepting  J.  heterophyllum,  we  seldom  see  a  species 
with  so  large,  glossy,  deep  green  leaves.  They 
are  compound,  with  three  ovate  or  subcordate 
leaflets.  The  plant  is  figured  in  the  Bolaitical  Regis- 
ter, S9,  and  in  the  Bolatiica!  Magazine,  t.  iSSg,  and 
is  recorded  as  hi'mg  a  native  of  Madeira,  as  well  as 
the  Azores,  whence  we  have  other  useful  greenhouse 
plants  of  various  habit.  It  is  a  very  old  introduction, 
and,  like  other  uncommon  plants,  gels  lost  sight  of  in 
a  few  gardens,  or  altogether  lost  to  cultivation,  till 
we  renew  our  acquaintance  with  it,  or  reintroduce  it. 
A  pillar  or  rafter  of  the  greenhouse  is  the  most  suit- 
able place  for  it,  where  the  slender  stems  will  attain  a 
length  of  12 — 16  feet.  The  flowers  are  produced  in 
axillary  cymes  along  the  upper  side  (or  that  towards 
the  light)  of  the  younger  shoots,  forming  wreaths  1  —  2 
or  more  feet  long.   J.  F, 

The  Rowe  Orphans. — Allow  me  to  express  my 
sincere  thanks  to  those  kind  friends  who  have  so 
generously  responded  to  my  appeal  on  behalf  of  the 
orphan  children  of  the  late  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rowe  of 
Northampton.  Through  the  kindness  of  friends  the 
two  girls  have  been  placed  out,  and  in  some  measure 
provided  for  (that  is  to  say,  f  >r  the  present).  The 
boy  is  still  an  inmate  of  the  Northampton  Infirmary, 
and  a  long  time  must  elapse  before  he  can  possibly 
be  restored  to  health,  even  if  he  ever  can  be — 
a  very  doubtful  matter.  I,  therefore,  trust  that 
those  friends  who  have  not  yet  subscribed  to  the 
fund  will  do  so  at  their  earliest  convenience ; 
however  small  their  contribution  may  be  it  will 
be  most  thankfully  received  by  the  Rev.  T.  S. 
Thornton,  Vicar  of  St.  Sepulchre's,  Northampton. 
H.  Beadey 

Selecting  Apples  for  Planting :  Culinary 
Varieties.  —  I  am  an  advocate  for  plaatin,;  in  great 
variety,  that  is,  if  space  will  allow.  I  do  not  mean 
that  the  planter  should  confine  himself  to  a  single 
specimen  of  each,  but  from  the  experience  one  gets 
by  planting  largely  one  is  enabled  to  increae  the 
stock  of  such  kinds  that  adapt  themselves  to  the 
particular  soil  and  climate.  I  own  it  is  desirable  to 
have  quantities  of  good  fruit  of  several  standard  va- 
riilies,  and  such  varieties  can  only  be  rated  as  such 
after  proving  them  in  the  above  manner.  The  period 
of  flowering,  a  critical  lime  lor  all  fruits  of  the  diffe- 
rent varieties,  is  not  the  same  for  all  varieties,  and 
we  all  know  what  a  few  frosty  nights  and  tempestuou; 
days  and  nights  will  do  ;  therefore,  by  planting  in 
variety  we  can  make  sure  of  some  escaping  the  adverse 
elements.  The  variableness  of  our  climate,  too,  acts 
upon  the  fruit  during  summer  and  autumn,  so 
that  some  keep  much  better  than  others,  though 
classed  for  use  at  the  same  time.  We  have  proved 
several  varieties  here,  and  readers  of  these  pages 
have  of  late  been  advised  to  make  their  selections. 
The  planting  season  being  near  at  hand  I  will 
enumerate  a  few  good  and  reliable  kinds  noted  for 
their  heavy  cropping  quality  and  good  growth,  suit- 
able for  pyramids,  this  mode  being  the  most  desirable 


for  gardens  large  or  small,  if  properly  attended  to 
at  the  root  and  top.  Early  varieties  : — Lord  Suffield, 
well  known,  the  best  ;  Duchess  of  Oldenburg, 
heavy  cropper,  fine  for  orchard  planting  ;  Haw- 
thornden  (Old),  liable  to  canker  on  light  soils. 
It  should  have  the  soil  prepared  deeply,  with 
the  addition  of  plenty  of  good  loam,  and  after 
commencing  to  fruit  it  should  be  occasionally  sup- 
plied with  good  dressings  of  vegetable  refuse  (well 
decayed)  ;  Cellini  requires  the  fruit  to  be  well  thinned 
in  its  early  stages,  being  a  very  heavy  cropper.  It 
attains  a  beautiful  colour;  Ecklinville,  fine;  Kes- 
wick, useful  either  for  dessert  or  kitchen  use — 
a  sure  cropper  ;  Jolly  Beggar,  foliage  much  like 
llawthornden,  but  fruit  quite  distinct  and  hand- 
some in  shape  ;  Siirling  Castle,  fruit  much  like 
llawthornden  in  shape,  colour  and  texture.  Mid- 
season  :  New  llawthornden,  more  perfect  in  shape 
than  the  Old,  and  keeps  longer  ;  Peasgood's  Non- 
such, the  finest  of  all  Apples — perfect  in  shape,  and  a 
free  bearer ;  Loddington,  very  fine;  Cox's  Pomona,  free 
bearer ;  G  ilJen  N  ible  would,  if  I  were  limited  to  one  . 
variety,  be  my  choice.  We  have  never  failed  to  get 
a  good  crop  of  this  variety,  even  when  most  of  the 
o:hers  have  failed.  It  it  useful  both  for  kitchen 
and  dessert,  and  may  be  used  from  October  to  the 
end  of  February,  It  assumes  a  beautiful  golden 
colour,  such  as  no  other  Apple  I  know  puts  on.  It 
makes  a  fine  Ofchard  tree.  We  have  two  specimens 
planted  thus  with  some  thousands  of  fruit  on.  Oar 
pyramids  are  also  very  prolific.  Dredge's  Fame,  in 
some  market  gardens  here  is  grown  largely  ;  it  is  a  tre- 
mendous bearer,  with  fruit  of  a  fine  shape  ;  Bedford- 
shire Foundling,  good  ;  Flower  of  Kent,  very  good  ; 
Late  Blenheim  Orange  may  be  had  to  bear  in  a  small 
and  young  state  if  kept  lifted  every  few  years  ;  Alfriston 
is  very  good  ;  lialloway  Pippin  is  adistinct,  handsome, 
and  prolific  variety  ;  Lrdy  Henniker  is  a  free  bearer  ; 
Dumelow's  Seedling  is  well  known  ;  Lane's  Prince 
Albert  will  be  grown  as  extensively  as  Blenheim 
Orange,  being  a  first-class  Apple;  Beauty  of  Kent 
is  good.  We  have  many  more  varieties  suitable  only 
for  exhibition  or  what  come  under  the  category  of 
heavycroppers.  I  may  mention  that  our  soil  is  a  sandy 
loam  resting  on  the  Red  Sandstone  rock,  the  aspect 
being  southerly.    D.  C.  Poiccll. 

Economy  and  Seed  of  Potatos. — Vour  corre- 
spondent, George  Lambert,  at  p.  374.  gives  the 
result  of  a  heavy  yield  from  2  lb.  of  Potatos,  and 
expresses  a  wish  to  know  if  "as  much  or  more 
has  been  got  in  any  other  way  ? "  Perhaps  the 
following  may  have  some  interest  for  him,  as  well 
as  some  other  of  your  readers.  On  April  13,  18S3, 
I  lb.  of  small  tubers  of  Clarke's  No.  I  Potato  were 
weighed,  and  one  of  the  tubers  taken  from  this  pound 
was  cut  into  eight  sets,  each  set  having  one 
eye.  These  eight  sets  were  then  placed  separately 
in  suitable  soil  in  thumb-pots  in  a  greenhouse.  On 
April  25  the  I  lb.  of  tubers,  minus  the  one  tuber 
dealt  with  as  just  described,  were  cut  into  seventy- 
nine  sets  and  planted  in  well  fertilised,  very  light 
sandy  soil.  On  May  9  nine  cuttings  were  taken  from 
the  shoots  of  the  eight  sets  in  thumb-pots,  and  each 
potted  separately  into  nine  more  thumbpols.  On 
June  I  the  nine  cuttings,  which  had  by  that  time 
become  well  rooted,  were  with  the  eight  sets  all  planted 
out  into  the  open  ground.  On  October  24  the  crop 
was  harvested,  with  the  following  results  :— The  eight 
sets  produced  2^  lb.  of  tubers  ;  the  nine  cuttings, 
6  lb.  ditto  ;  and  the  seventy-nine  sets,  10  stone  S  lb. 
Total  from  r  lb.,  i  cwt.  3  stone  2.^  lb.,  or  156^ 
times  the  seed.  The  result  of  this  trial,  with  others, 
appeared  in  your  issue  for  April  5,  1SS4,  p.  456.  On 
Maich  2S,  1SS4,  from  I  lb.  of  Magnum  Bonum 
Potatos,  fifty-three  peel  sets  (very  thin  slices  of  peel, 
with  one  eye  to  each  slice),  weighing  altogether  2*  oz., 
were  cut.  These  were  planted  on  April  2,  in 
fairly  good  friable  soil  ;  the  summer  of  1SS4 
was  very  hot  and  dry,  and  the  soil  and  situation  of 
the  Potato  bed  as  dry  as  fairly  well-fertilised  mould 
well  could  be,  over  a  very  dry  and  porous  subsoil. 
The  following  was  the  result  on  taking  up  :  -Of  the 
fifty-three  sets,  weighing  altogether  2\  oz.,  fifty  grew, 
and  produced,  when  dug  on  Oct.  4,  2  stone  10  lb.  of 
good  marketable  tubers,  some  of  them  much  above 
the  average  size,  and  I  stone  3  lb.  of  small  and 
inferior  tubers— in  all,  3  stone  13  lb.  (55  lb.),  or 
SSo  oz  from  2;^  oz.,  equal  to  over  i6i  oz.  per  set,  or 
320  times  the  seed,  equal  to  2  cwt.  6  slone  1 2  lb.  from 
I  lb.  The  sets  were  placed  in  the  ground  at  nearly 
or  rather  less  than  3  feel  by  \  foot,  i.e.,  at  the  rate  of 


4o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18 


about  20,000  sets  per  acre  :  and  55  lb.  from  fifty- 
three  sets  is  equal  to  over  9}  tons  for  20,000  sets— a 
very  good  weight  per  acre  in  a  somewhat  unfavour- 
able soil  and  very  hot,  dry  season.  According  to 
this  trial,  the  weight  of  peel  sets  of  Magnum  Bonum 
Potatos  required  per  acre  to  produce  a  crop  of  over 
oJ^Tons,  in  a  soil  and  season  not  at  all  favourable,  is 
iess  than  65  lb.  J.  E.  Ewing,  Sept.  21. 

Injurious  Insects. — Amongst  the  most  recent 
additions  to  the  Kew  Museum  is  a  set  of  mounts, 
illustrating  the  life-history  of  some  of  the  most 
destructive  of  vegetable-feeding  insects.  This  series 
has  been  got  together  and  arranged  by  Mr.  Moseley, 
of  Huddersfield,  under  the  superintendence  of  Miss 
E.  A.  Ormerod.  The  plan  adopted  in  this  new 
method  of  imparting  a  knowledge  of  the  habits  and 
destructiveness  of  certain  insects  has,  it  seems,  been 
developed  from  a  plan  exhibited  by  Mr.  HaleyatFrome 
last  year  as  the  successful  competitor  for  the  prize 
offered  by  Miss  Ormerod.  The  plan  is  to  show  the 
life  history  of  each  particular  insect  in  a  separate 
glazed  mount,  and  a  model  or  a  specimen'of  the  plant, 
showing  the  ravages  it  is  subject  to,  and  in  some  cases 
the  parasites  which  attack  the  insects  themselves, 
which  are  fully  illlustrated  both  by  actual  specimens 
nnd  by  magnified  drawings  showing  the  various  stages 
of  their  development.  A  description  of  the  insect 
written  in  plain  terms  so  as  to  be  understood  by  all, 
fnllows,  and  the  plants  are  enumerated  upon  which 
the  creature  feeds,  then  follows  a  few  words  of  in- 
struction on  the  prevention  of  insect  attacks  and 
remedies.  The  set  just  deposited  in  the  Kew 
Museum  consists  of  ten  of  these  mounts,  ten  of  which 
have  been  arranged  in  their  respective  cases  according 
to  the  botanical  affinity  of  the  plant  attacked, 
such  plants  being  the  Turnip,  Cabbage,  Vine, 
Bean,  Pea,  Plum  (attacked  by  Winter  Moth). 
Apple  (attacked  by  American  Blight),  Gooseberry, 
Celery,  Lettuce,  Beet  or  Mangel,  Onion,  Wheat 
(attacked  by  Daddy  Long-legs^.  Potato  and  grass 
(attacked  by  Click-beetle  and  wireworms).  This  set 
o(  mounts,  which  has  been  specially  prepared  for  the 
Kew  Museum,  are  eminently  suited  for  teaching  in 
schools  ;  and  I  understand  that  others  are  to  be  pre- 
pared on  similar  lines  for  use  in  Agricultural  Colleges 
or  schools.   R.  Jackson. 

Zephyranthes  Candida. — If  any  one  wishes  to 
possess  a  pure  white  Crocus-like  blossom  at  this  or 
an  earlier  season  of  the  year  let  him  grow  this  plant. 
I  have  it  now  flowering  sweetly,  a  clump  of  some 
dozen  bulbs  in  a  32-pot,  growing  in  a  compost  made 
up  of  loam,  leaf  mould,  and  sand,  in  which  it  appears 
to  thrive.  The  blossoms  are  solitary,  and  without 
a  taint  of  purple,  in  the  centre  being  a  circle  of 
golden  stamens.  This  plant  possesses  one  advantage 
— the  flowers  remain  fresh  and  clean  for  a  good  time. 
My  plants  have  cool  treatment  all  the  year  round.  I 
think  that  i(  this  subject  could  have  a  generous  treat- 
ment in  spring,  by  placing  it  in  a  little  heat  to  induce 
vigour,  and  then  to  gradually  harden  it  off  so  as  to  bear 
a  cold  frame,  that  it  would  flower  much  more  freely 
than  when  grown  altogether  in  a  cool  house.  Two 
things  appear  to  be  essential  to  its  success.  One  is 
that  the  roots  be  somewhat  confined  in  the  pots  in 
which  the  specimen  is  growing  ;  and  secondly,  that 
the  roots  be  not  too  frequently  disturbed.  Valuable 
as  it  is,  one  does  not  often  see  it  in  gardens,  where  it 
certainly  deserves  a  place.  Has  any  one  tested  its 
hardihood  by  planting  it  out-of-doors  ?  Will  it 
succeed  under  favourable  conditions  ?  If  so,  does  it 
flower  more  freely  than  when  grown  in  pots  under 
glass  ?  Ealin^^, 

Anemones. — In  the  short  note  appended  to  the 
reference  to  St.  Brigid's  Anemone  from  Mr.  Burbidge 
there  appears  what  seems  to  be  a  contradiction  of 
terms  or,  rather,  of  advice,  which  needs  explana- 
tion. First,  it  is  said,  "  they  are  best  not  trans- 
planted,*' and  a  couple  of  lines  lower  down,  *'they 
can  also  be  t  ansplanted  quite  safely,  though  in  full 
flower."  I  presume  ft  was  intended  to  convey  the 
advice  that  seedling  plants  should  not  be  transplanted, 
but  that  older  plants,  even  when  in  bloom,  may  be  so, 
safely.  I  grow  these  Anemones  from  seed  every  year, 
and  always  transplant  seedlings  ;  indeed,  I  have  but 
just  now  dibbled  out  hundreds  of  seedlings  raised 
from  the  present  year's  seed.  It  is  my  invariable 
rule  to  sow  seed  in  Melon  boxes  as  soon  as  it  is  well 
ripened,  and  thus  have  an  abundance  of  strong  young 
plants,  with  good  roots  attached,  to  dibble  out  in  the 


autumn.  I  find  the  advantages  are— first,  that  the 
plants  may  be  got  out  into  ground  which  has  carried 
another  crop  of  some  kind,  and  having  a  fresh  dress- 
ing of  manure  added,  is  just  in  the  autumn  in  capital 
tilth  for  planting.  The  plants  separate  easily,  and  so 
planted  make  beds  of  uniform  width  and  complete- 
ness, and  by  being  planted  in  lines,  the  beds  are  also 
very  easily  cleaned.  Thus  I  gain  several  months,  as 
if  the  seed  were  held  over  till  the  following  March, 
and  then  sown,  I  should  have  lost  time,  whilst  that 
same  spring  the  greater  portion  of  my  autumn  bed  of 
plants  will  produce  beautiful  blooms.  Of  course, 
being  left  in  the  ground  all  the  summer,  and  lightly 
top-dressed  with  short  manure,  the  plants  break  up 
again  in  the  month  of  August,  and  soon  begin  to 
bloom,  and  do  so  freely  all  through  the  winter.  In 
the  autumn  also  more  attention  may  be  given  to  work 
of  this  kind  than  can  well  be  bestowed  in  the  spring. 
I  do  not  know  whether  the  St.  Brigid  strain  differs 
materially  from  my  own,  but  I  shall  be  very  pleased 
to  exchange  seed  with  Mr,  Burbidge.  Certainly 
Ireland  has  an  advantage  over  Middlesex  in  a 
moister  and  therefore  more  growing  climate.  A.  Dean, 
Btdjont. 

Late  Prolific  Raspberry,— I  think  Mr.  Ilerrin, 
of  Chalfont  Park  Gardens,  has  some  little  cause  for 
complaint  that  whilst  the  Fruit  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  was  apparently  highly 
impressed  with  the  appearance  of  the  autumn  fruiting 
Raspberry  he  exhibited  the  other  day,  that  body 
should  have  asked,  before  making  any  award,  to  see 
it  again,  evidently  forgetting  that  five  weeks  must 
elapse  ere  another  meeting  is  held,  and  in  five  weeks 
goodness  knows  what  may  happen.  Should  Mr. 
Herrin  be  enabled  to  show  his  Raspberry  again  in 
good  fruit  so  late  as  October  13  next,  of  course  its 
persistent  bearing,  as  well  as  its  prolificacy,  would  be 
assured  ;  but  surely  it  can  hardly  be  expected  that 
any  Raspberry  could  exhibit  its  true  character  and 
special  flavour  at  so  late  a  period  of  the  year  ;  hence 
the  apparent  hardship  to  the  raiser  as  seen  in  the 
action  of  the  committee.  I  have  seen  this  Raspberry 
growing  at  Chalfont  Park  at  this  season  of  the  year 
more  than  once,  and  can  testify  to  its  remarkable 
prolific  character  ;  indeed,  it  may  be  said  if  well 
grown  in  any  garden,  to  add  some  (our  to  six  weeks 
to  our  Raspberry  season— a  matter  of  no  small 
importance,  for  we  have  few  more  popular  culinary 
fruits,  and  the  extension  of  its  production  over  a 
lengthened  period  would  indeed  be  of  great  service, 
especially  as  the  Raspberry  is  of  all  fruits  one  of  the 
most  certain  to  produce  a  crop,  let  other  kinds  be 
plentiful  or  otherwise.  A.  D. 

Transplanting  and  Renovating  Fruit  Trees. — 
Hitherto  the  weather  has  been  much  too  dry,  and  the 
atmosphere  too  arid,  to  think  of  disturbing  fruit  trees, 
but  now  that  we  have  had  rain  and  a  favourable  change 
for  the  work,  no  time  should  be  lost  in  carrying  it  out, 
and  operating  on  those  that  are  unsatisfactory,  or 
have  to  be  nioved  from  one  place  to  another.  Some 
hesitate  to  do  this  while  the  plants  are  in  leaf,  but 
after  the  middle  of  September  they  may  be  lifted  with 
safety  ;  and  if  there  is  no  delay,  and  a  dull,  favourable 
day  is  chosen,  the  trees  will  do  tar  better  than  they  will 
if  left  till  later  in  the  season.  These  remarks,  it  need 
hardly  be  said,  apply  to  those  on  the  spot,  as  of 
course  it  would  not  do  to  get  them  from  a  distance  till 
they  have  become  defoliated,  but  when  they  can  be 
got  up  and  in  again  quick  the  transplanting  may  be 
done  without  the  leaves  flagging,  and  the  leaves 
are  of  great  use  in  inducing  fresh  roots.  In 
renovating,  the  plants  I  like  to  start  with  first  are 
Vines,  as  great  liberties  may  be  taken  with  these, 
for  all  me  has  to  do  to  keep  the  foliage  fresh 
is  to  close  and  shade  the  house,  and  syringe 
heavily,  and  if  this  is  done  the  larger  portion  of 
the  soil  may  be  taken  from  the  border,  and  new 
added,  and  the  Vines  brought  round  and  invigor- 
ated at  once.  To  insure  the  work  being  carried 
out  expeditiously,  several  hands  should  be  employed 
at  it,  and  as  the  roots  are  laid  bare  it  is  necessary 
to  damp  them  by  sprinkling  them  over,  and  to  keep 
them  covered  with  wet  mats,  or  the  small  ones  will 
suffer  and  dry  up,  and  the  bark  of  the  larger  ones  be- 
come contracted  and  injured  by  the  air  getting  access 
to  them.  The  way  to  get  the  soil  out  with  as  little 
trouble  as  possible  is  to  skim  the  surface  of  the  border 
and  gradually  work  down  from  the  front,  tracing  the 
roots  back  along  their  course,  and  clearing  the  earth  out 
from  among  them  with  a  suitable  fork.     Soil. — The 


great  mistake  many  make  when  seeing  to  or  replant- 
ing Vines,  is  having  a  mixture  of  soils,  as  it  often 
happens  that  good  loam  is  spoiled  by  the  additions 
put  with  it,  and  if  anything  at  all  is  added,  it  should 
only  be  a  few  crushed  bones,  or  a  sprinkling  of  soot, 
as  manure  rots  the  fibre  and  alters  the  texture,  render- 
ing it  close,  after  a  short  time,  inert  and  sour.  This 
being  so,  it  is  far  better  to  keep  to  the  top  spit 
of  some  old  pasture,  the  most  suitable  soil  being 
that  of  a  hazel  colour,  rather  inclined  to  be  stiff ; 
and  this  may  be  used  quite  fresh,  after  the  grass 
has  been  mown  oft,  as  all  that  is  requisite  is  to 
chop  it  up  roughly  and  wheel  it  in  just  as  it  comes. 
To  have  the  roots  in  their  proper  positions  they  must 
be  laid,  or  spread  out,  at  the  different  levels  they 
emanate  from  as  the  filling  in  proceeds,  and  care- 
fully covered  without  being  trampled  on,  or  pul- 
verised, when  they  will  not  be  long  in  getting 
fresh  hold.  With  the  roots  laid  in  and  covered,  the 
next  proceeding  is  to  mulch,  and  if  this  is  done  with 
long  stable  manure  that  has  just  a  little  warmth  in  it, 
a  slight  fermentation  will  set  in  in  the  border,  that 
will  be  a  great  help  to  the  Vines.  To  check  the  buds 
of  these  from  being  unduly  excited  plenty  of  air 
should  be  given  as  soon  as  the  leaves  will  stand,  and 
though  it  may  be  necessary  to  keep  the  house  a  little 
close  by  day  they  will  bear  it  open  by  night  if 
syringed  or  damped  the  last  thing.  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  under  glass. — The  same  remarks  that  are 
made  above  apply  equally  to  these,  and  if  trees  are 
carefully  lifted  at  once  and  removed  into  the  house 
and  there  attended  to  in  a  similar  way  to  the  Vines, 
they  will  finish  and  plump  up  their  buds  and  bear 
fruit  almost  as  large  and  fine  in  quality  as  they  would 
had  they  been  undisturbed.  Before  transplanting,  how- 
ever, or  interfering  with  their  roots,  it  is  a  good  plan 
to  thin  out  their  shoots  and  leave  no  more  than  are 
wanted,  as  the  pruning  not  only  eases  the  trees  but 
gives  the  wood  more  light  and  air,  and  this  enables 
it  to  ripen  before  winter  sets  in.  Plums  and  Apricots. 
— The  leaves  of  these  being  thick  and  hard  plants  of 
both  will  bear  disturbance  better  than  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  ;  but  when  moved  they  must  be  kept  up 
by  frequent  syringing,  and  if  the  sun  breaks  out  it  is 
advisable  to  shade  by  hanging  a  mat  or  cloth  in  front, 
or  placing  some  branches  of  evergreen  over  them. 
Watering. — To  make  sure  of  the  soil  settling  properly 
about  the  roots  the  water  given  should  be  thrown  on 
with  force  before  they  are  finally  covered,  as  by 
applying  it  in  that  way  the  earth  is  carried  into  all 
the  cavities,  and  the  plants  then  have  a  good  chance 
to  get  hold.  ?.  S. 

Mar^chal  Niel  Rose.  —  This  Rose  is  now  in 
flower  in  Castle  Hamilton  conservatory,  this  being  its 
third  crop  of  flowers  during  the  present  year.  H, 
Haddock. 

Country  Growers  and  Town  Salesmen. — 
One  of  our  most  largely  circulated  daily  newspapers 
bemoans,  in  a  cleverly  written  article,  with  some 
truth,  the  poor  development  of  native  productions  and 
the  importations  of  much  fruit  and  vegetables,  which 
could,  by  home  cultivation,  prove  a  source  of  wealth 
to  English  growers,  and  check  the  divergence  of  the 
stream  of  British  wealth  into  foreign  channels,  when 
it  is  sorely  needed  to  render  fruitful  the  poverty- 
stricken  land  at  home.  It  may  be  that  the  article 
in  question  was  merely  written  to  interest  and  amuse 
the  reader,  to  strike  a  political  blow  at  free-trade,  or 
to  fill  the  paper— such  things  have  been.  I  am 
merely  taking  it  as  a  text  for  a  letter  to  you  to  detail 
certain  grievances  which  aftect  private  growers,  mis- 
led by  glowing  advertisements  or  generously  priced 
market  lists.  Now  I  can  tell  the  tale  of  a  basket  of 
Crown  Artichokes,  thirteen  dozens,  which  were  sent 
for  disposal  to  a  firm  of  salesmen  who  weekly  advertise 
in  your  paper  ;  on  their  agreeing  to  dispose  of  these 
surplus  vegetables,  and  their  ofler  to  send  account  of 
sale  of  same,  or  at  the  end  of  the  week  or  month,  the 
hamper  was,  as  I  have  said,  despatched.  And  nothing 
further  was  heard  of  them.  At  the  end  of  the  month 
the  sender  wrote,  but  received  no  reply,  at  the  end  of 
six  weeks  another  letter  was  sent,  and  the  answer 
returned  was  that  not  a  shilling  had  been  offered 
for  the  Artichokes,  so  they  could  not  be  sold, 
and  that  a  note  to  that  effect  had  been  sent, 
which  the  firm  "  supposes  had  miscarried." 
Now  at  this  time  for  weeks  before  and  since. 
Artichokes  had  been  quoted  as  selling  at  3^.  per 
dozen  ;  now  the  quotations  are  higher.  It  is  pos- 
sible the  salesmen's  business,  not  being  so  large  as 


September  26, 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


409 


their  advertisements  would  lead  gardeners  to  believe, 
may  not  have  been  able  to  elifect  a  sale,  but  surely  if 
unsuccessful  one  day  they  might  have  been  fortunate 
the  next  ;  Crown  Artichokes  are  not  perishable,  like 
Peaches  or  cut  Bowers.  This  case,  which  is  but  one 
of  many,  argues  a  lack  of  combination  among  the 
market  people  ;  surely  some  would  be  glad  of  those 
fruits  or  vegetables  for  disposal  of  which  the  consignee 
may  have  a  superabundance.  This  case,  or  cases  like 
this,  explain  why  gardeners  do  not  care  to  send  their 
surplus  fruit  for  disposal  to  the  London  markets,  and 
leave  the  road  clear  to  foreign,  often  inferior,  and 
always  staler,  imporlations.  Better  to  have  fed  the 
costermonger's  donkey  with  156  unproverbial  Thistles 
(north,  according  to  the  market  list,  3/.  apiece)  than 
have  had  them  and  their  hamper  launched  into  space, 
swept  into  the  Thames,  or  left  among  the  refuse  of 
Covent  Garden  Market.  Perhaps,  sir,  you  or  some 
of  your  readers  would  kindly  advise  gardeners  of  great 
and  small  holdings  as  to  the  best  manner  of  disposing 
of  the  products  of  their  skill,  even  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Gardeners*  Co-operative  Society  ;  it  would 
be  a  boon,  not  to  cultivators  only,  but  to  the  public, 
and  it  would  help  to  foster  into  useful  life  the  latent 
energy  and  capabilities  of  English  cultivators  and 
English  soil.    C. 

National  Pear  Conference.— Now  that  the  date 
is  fixed,  and  forms  are  ready  for  those  who  intend  to 
exhibit  at  the  great  Chiswick  meeting — for  such  it  will 
no  doubt  be— I  think  it  may  net  be  out  of  place  to 
suggest  that  the  committee,  instead  of  issuing  simply 
a  catalogue,  should  put  up  in  book  form  a  suitable 
monograph  of  Pears  ;  it  would  be  of  great  value  to 
those  who,  from  many  causes,  cannot  attend  the  con- 
ference to  make  notes  themselves,  and  perhaps  no 
such  other  chance  will  occur  again  todo  soso  accurately. 
The  book  suggested  could  be  issued  in  monthly  parts, 
and  should  contain  at  least  one  coloured  plate,  repre- 
senting, say,  from  two  to  six  varieties,  with  sufticient 
woodcuts  and  letterpress  matter  to  finish  the  work  in 
a  stated  number  of  issues.  I  know  many  who  would 
be  pleased  to  obtain  something  of  this  kind,  and  I 
feel  sure,  besides  the  great  boon,  it  would  be  a  step 
forward,  and  a  duly  such  as  any  committee  of  this 
.sort  ought  to  set  about  to  execute  ;  they  would  know 
then  they  had  thoroughly  done  the  work  they  had 
undertaken,  and  would  leave  the  general  public  with 
such  a  book  in  their  possession,  the  value  of  which 
can  never  be  over-estimated.   //.  C. 

Lye's  New  Fuchsias.— That  such  a  successfnl 
exhibitor  of  Fuchsias  as  Mr.  James  Lye,  of  Clyff« 
Hall,  Market  Lavington,  should  aho  be  a  raiser  of 
seedlings,  is  not  surprising.  No  one  so  readily  delects 
the  failings  of  a  particular  variety  as  a  grower  and 
exhibitor  of  it,  and  Mr.  Lye,  finding  that  some  of  the 
leading  varieties  of  Fuchsias  were  wanting  in  certain 
important  respects,  set  himself  the  task  of  remedying 
these  by  raising  new  varieties  of  a  comparatively 
faultless  character.  The  fact  that  his  new  varieties 
are  being  largely  grown  for  decorative  exhibition  pur- 
poses is  ample  testimony  to  their  excellence  ;  but  yet, 
believing  that  the  ne  puts  ultra  stage  of  perfection  in 
this  popular  flower  has  not  yet  been  reached,  he  is 
still  at  work  doing  his  best  to  improve,  and  that, 
too,  with  satisfactory  results.  So  far  his  seedlings 
have  been  shown  only  in  the  West  of  England, 
and  on  the  occasion  of  the  Bath  Floral  Fi-le  on 
September  2  a  Special  First-class  Certificate  of 
Merit  was  awarded  to  them  for  their  obvious 
high-class  quality ;  and  the  following  have  been 
selected  for  sending  out  early  in  the  coming 
year  :  — Dark  varieties  :  Emperor,  bright  red  tube  and 
sepals,  the  latter  long  and  broad  ;  maroon  corolla, 
shaded  with  purple  ;  a  very  fine  bold  and  distinct 
variety,  of  the  highest  value  for  pillars,  trellises, 
baskets,  &c.,  being  very  fine  indeed,  and  has  a  hand- 
some drooping  habit.  It  will  also  make  a  fine  exhi- 
bition variety.  Mr.  T.  Bright,  deep  rosy-pink  tube 
and  sepals,  the  corolla  rose,  with  broad  margins  of 
rich  blue-purple  ;  of  medium  size,  very  pretty,  distinct, 
and  effective.  Mr.  F.  Glass,  bright  deep  crimson 
tube  and  sepals,  purple-maroon  corolla,  the  two  colours 
contrasting  finely  ;  medium  size  ;  a  very  fine  and  dis- 
tinct variety.  And  James  Welch,  bright  rosy-red 
tube  and  sepals,  the  latter  of  fine  form  and  hand- 
somely reflexed  ;  pale  maroon  corolla,  much  shaded 
with  bright  purple.  Light  varieties  :  Lye's  Perfec- 
tion, creamy  tube  and  sepals,  the  latter  delicately 
suffused  with  pink,  and  handsomely  reflexed  ;  bright 
carmine  corolla,   fine  form,  and   very  showy,     Mrs. 


F.  CJIass,  creamy-white  tube  and  sepals,  deep  pink 
corolla,  tinted  with  violet  ;  fine  form,  stout,  and  very 
good  ;  in  the  way  of,  but  a  decided  improvement 
upon,  Beauty  of  Trowbridge.  Diadem,  delicate  blush 
tube  and  sepals  ;  pale  magenta  corolla,  broadly  edged 
with  brilliant  crimson  ;  a  very  fine,  bold,  stout,  and 
showy  variety.  Beauty  of  Lavington,  white  tube  and 
sepals,  bright  rosy-carmine  corolla,  with  slight  shad, 
ing  of  violet  ;  very  pretty  and  efl'ective.  Emily  Bright, 
creamy-white  lube  and  sepals,  bright  carmine  corolla, 
stout,  fine  form,  and  of  the  best  qnality  ;  an  improve- 
ment upon  Mr.  Bright.  Excelsior,  creamy  tube  and 
sepals,  tinted  with  emerald  ;  stout  and  well  reflexed  ; 
rich  deep  rosy-magenta  corolla,  flushed  with  carmine  ; 
very  fine  and  distinct,  and  a  grand  exhibition  variety. 
And  Nellie,  creamy. white  tube  and  sepals  ;  corolla 
pink,  suffused  with  pinkish-mauve,  deepening  to  clear 
mauve  ;  good  form,  stout  ;  a  very  pleasing  and  dis- 
tinct variety.  R.  D. 


JX^ 


Jforrigii  Corrcspoiikiuf. 


Clianthus  Damtieri. — What  a  fine  old  plant 
this  is  !  I  have  it  planted  here  against  an  east  wall, 
in  a  mixture  of  peat  and  loam  and  sand*  where  it 
grows  luxuriantly  and  flowers  profusely.  Its  large 
Pea  flowers  of  bright  scarlet  colour,  with  a  large  black 
spot,  always  attract  attention,  on  account  of  their 
colour  and  shape.  Our  plant  is  grafted  on  Clianthus 
puniceus,  this  species  being  hardier  and  not  damping 
eft"  in  the  way  peculiar  to  Clianthus  Dampieri  ;  I  can, 
thertfore,  strongly  recommend  the  grafting  on  Clian- 
thus puniceus.  My  former  employer,  the  super- 
intendent of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Willhelmshohe,  this 
year  planted  a  Clianthus  Dampieri  on  a  warm 
southerly  spot  of  the  rockery,  where  it  seems  to  be 
quite  at  home,  but  on  account  of  its  straggling  habit 
it  by  no  means  looks  so  pretty  as  does  my  plant 
against  a  wall,  where  each  shont  can  be  fastened  and 
trained  in  a  proper  direction.  C.  Wissenbach^  Casscl^ 
Genu  any. 

TiiK  U-;es  ok  Cotton-szed  in  America. 

It  is  well  known  that  Cotton-seed  is,  as  an  article  of 
C'lmmeice,  a  comparatively  modern  introduction. 
Not  many  years  since  the  seed,  which  was  produced 
in  such  abundance  in  the  Cotton  plantations  of 
America  wjs,  not  only  a  w.iste  product,  but  one 
which  the  growers  scarcely  knew  what  to  do  with. 
Of  late  years  the  oil  has  been  expressed  in  con- 
tinually increasing  quantities,  and  applied  to  a 
variety  of  useful  purposes,  not  the  least  important 
o(  which  is  its  substitution  for  Olive  oil,  for  Cotton- 
seed is  now  purified  so  carefully  that  the  result  is 
a  clear  bright  limpid  oil,  equal  in  appearance  if 
not  in  taste  to  the  best  oil  obtained  from  Olives. 
Mills  for  the  expression  of  Cotton-seed  oil  have  been 
erected  in  America  in  increasing  numbers  of  late 
years.  In  1S70  there  were  only  tweniy-six  mills,  and 
in  iSSo  forty-seven,  six  of  them  in  New  Orleans.  At 
the  present  time  these  mills  are  scattered  throughout 
the  South  in  all  the  important  Cotton  centres  on  the 
rivers  and  on  the  railways,  and  number  loS  in  all. 
The  average  yield  of  seed  is  about  3^  lb.  to  every 
pound  ol  lint.  The  amount  of  seed  annually  crushed 
in  the  United  States  averages  about  420,000  tons, 
a  ton  of  CottoFiseed  yields  35  gals,  of  crude  oil,  22  lb. 
of  cotton,  750  lb.  of  cake  of  average  value  of  I9  dols., 
making  the  total  value  of  the  Cotton-seed  product  of 
the  South  8,000,000  dols.,  or  3  per  cent,  of  that  of 
the  Cotton  crop. 

Cotton-seed  cake — the  residue  of  the  seed  after  the 
expression  of  the  oil — is  used  chiefly  for  stock  feeding 
and  for  fertilising  purposes  for  this  purpose  ;  it 
is  generally  ground  into  a  meal  known  as  Cotton- 
seed meal.  Most  of  that  used  for  feeding  pur- 
poses is  shipped  to  this  country,  where  it  is 
extensively  used  for  fattening  stock  ;  it  is  also 
said  to  be  a  splendid  food  for  cows,  causing  a 
rich  and  plentiful  flow  of  milk.  The  cake  is  shipped 
from  America  in  sacks  containing  200  lb.  each  ;  it  is 
o(  a  rich  golden  colour  when  fresh,  and  has  a  sweet, 
nutty,  oleaginous  taste.  It  is  a  very  valuable  fertiliser 
for  a  large  number  of  plants. 

The  oil  from  the  Cotton  seeds  has  been  applied  to 


a  variety  of  uses  in  America,  such  as  the  manufacture 
of  the  finer  kinds  of  soap,  also  for  mixing  with  paint, 
and  for  lubricating  purposes  ;  it,  however,  dries  too 
slowly  to  be  valuable  for  the  first  purpose,  and  is  too 
gummy  or  sticky  for  the  second.  Another  product 
\^  glycerine,  but  this  manufacture  has  been  but  little 
attended  to  as  yet.  One  gallon  of  crude  oil  will  make 
3!v  lb.  of  glycerine.  Its  chief  use,  as  before  staled, 
is  as  a  subititute  for  Olive  oil,  and  the  following 
extract  will  show  the  state  of  perfection  in  which 
the  oil  is  now  prepared  ;  — "  It  is  nearly  impossible  to 
detect  good  Cotton-seed  oil  from  the  best  brands  of 
Olive  ud  by  taste,  smell,  or  any  other  process  ;  this 
the  Olive  growers  of  Italy  have  been  unwillingly  com- 
pelled to  acknowledge.  An  instrument  called  the 
oleometer  has  been  invented  to  distinguish  between 
the  two  oils  by  means  of  their  different  specific 
gravity  ;  but  this  is  confessedly  an  uncertain  and 
unreliable  test," 

The  hulls  or  shells  of  the  seed  are  used  as  fuel  to 
drive  the  oil-expressing  machinery,  and  containing  some 
Oil,  they  burn  well  and  produce  a  good  heat,  and 
are  used  exclusively  without  any  other  fuel.  It  was 
recently  stated  in  America  that  before  long  Cotton- 
seed would  yield  all  the  Grape  sugar  demanded  by 
the  commerce  of  the  world.  It  is  estimated  that,  "if 
all  the  seed  produced  was  used  and  crushed  this 
little  article,  once  despised  and  deemed  of  no  value, 
would  be  wortlj  between  80,000,000  and  100,000,000 
dols.  annually." 


WILD   MANGOS. 


The  Jungli  am,  which  is  the  original  stock  of  all 
the  fine  Mangos,  is  not  often  met  with  in  its  native 
habitat,  and  less  frequently  in  fruit.  I  have  just 
received  a  few  fine  specimens  of  several  varieties  of 
Jungli  Mangoes.  From  the  fruits  it  appears  they  vary 
quite  as  nnich  as  our  cultivated  ones  ;  and  as  to 
ihape,  they  are  the  exact  counterpart  in  miniature  of 
many  of  our  best  varieties.  My  specimens  came  from 
the  Kangra  Valley,  and  were  collected  by  a  gentle- 
man much  interested  in  the  fruit.  I  once  saw  the 
true  Jungli  Mango  in  the  Dooars,  and  again  after- 
wards growing  at  an  elevation  of  about  2000  feet  in 
Sikkim.  It  is  very  unlike  the  cultivated  sort,  having 
generally  a  straight  trunk,  whitish  smooth  bark,  and 
thin  leaves,  forming  a  fine  round-headed  tree.  The 
fruit  rarely  weighs  2  oz.,  often  only  i  oz.  The  com- 
mon country  Mango,  called  "  Beju,"  or  "  Dcsi,"  in 
Tirhoot,  is  really  an  inferior  kind  of  cultivated  Mango, 
and  not  the  proper  wild  Mango  of  the  forests. 

Wild  Mangos  are  found  from  India  through  Malay 
to  Manilla  and  some  of  the  Pacific  islands,  and  it  is 
not  really  known  if  there  is  more  than  one  species. 
The  wild  and  cultivated  sorts  are  so  widely  different 
in  shape  of  fruit  that  they  could  almost  be  called 
distinct  species,  but  every  intermediate  connecting 
stage  may  be  found  to  bring  them  under  one  head. 
The  flowers  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  Mango  are 
exactly  the  same  in  structure,  except  that  in  the  wild 
one  there  are  often  more  stamens  fertile. 

It  may  not  be  known  to  most  people  that  generally 
in  a  Mango  flower  there  is  only  one  stamen  out  of  the 
lot  fertile  ;  this  one  is  curved  round  just  over  the 
pistil  in  a  peculiar  way,  to  facilitate  the  fertilisation. 
The  so-called  '*nak,"  or  nose  of  the  Mango,  is  the 
place  the  pistil  adhered  to  in  the  flower.  All  this  can 
be  plainly  seen  with  a  moderately  powerful  reading- 
glass  or  lens  when  the  Mangos  are  in  flower. 

Protecting  Mango  Fruit. 

A  very  good  way  to  protect  Mangos  from  the 
attacks  of  birds  and  insects  is  to  get  a  lot  of  very 
finely-woven,  round,  Bamboo  baskets  made,  say 
4  inches  wide  at  top,  5  inches  at  the  bottom,  and  as 
long  as  may  be  required  for  the  fruit.  See  that  there 
is  no  room  for  a  fly  to  get  in  through  the  basket- 
work.  Then  put  the  Mango  inside  as  it  hangs  on  the 
tree,  push  a  long  thin  peg  through  the  top  of  the 
basket  by  the  side  of  the  stalk  of  the  fruit  on  one  side, 
and  another  similar  peg  on  the  other  side,  and 
the  Mango  will  hold  the  basket  up  itself;  then  tie 
a  little  calico  over  the  top  of  the  basket,  taking 
care  not  to  tie  the  Mango  stalk,  and  also  to  completely 
shut  up  the  top  of  the  basket.  The  Mango  stalk 
must  be  quite  free,  because  when  the  fruit  is  ripe,  or 
nearly  so.  it  will  fall  of  its  own  accord,  and  will  be 
found  to  be  just  fit  to  gather.  If  a  net  be  suspended 
under  the  tree  then  all  danger  of  bruising  the  fruit 
will  be  avoided.     Then  shake  the  tree,  to  gather  only 


4IO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  18 


the  ripe  ones.  These  should  be  kept  on  a  "machan" 
for  a  few  days  till  quite  ripe,  as  all  Mangos  improve 
by  keeping  a  little,  and  should  never  be  eaten  per- 
ectly  fresh  from  the  tree.  C.  Maries,  in  "  Indian 
Ai(rii:ul/itrisi" 


CUDRANIA   TRILOBA. 

This  name  will  be  unfamiliar  to  most  lovers  of 
hardy  trees  and  shrubs.  It  is,  however,  the  trie 
nime  of  the  shrub  known  in  nurseries  as  Maciura  tri- 
cuspidata,  a  comparatively  recent  introduction  from 
China.  From  its  resemblance  to  the  Osage  Orange, 
Maciura  aurantiaca,  Carriirre  concluded  it  was  a 
Madura,  and  named  it  M.  tricuspidata.  The  Paris 
Jardin  des  Plantes  was  the  first  European  garden 
which  possessed  the  plant,  and  it  was  there  it  fir.^t 
Oowered  a  few  years  ago.  Probably  the  hot  summer 
caused  the  species  to  flower  at  Kew  the  present  year, 
It  is  a  very  interesting  plant,  a  compact  growing, 
somewhat  spiny  bush,  with  light  green  leaves,  which 
vary  very  considerably  inoutline.  In  the  young  plant, 
and  in  strong  shoots  which  develope  after  a  plant  is  cut 
back,  &c.,  they  are  verydistinctlytrilobate,  butin adult- 
flowering  plants  the  tendency  is  to  produce  larger 
ovate  entire  leaves.  According  to  an  exhaustive  and 
very  interesting  paper  on  the  subject,  published  by 
Mr.  F.  B.  Forbes,  F.L  S  ,  in  the  Journal  of 
Botany^  the  plant  now  in  question  is  the  "che," 
'*nu-che,"  or  '*shih"  tree,  the  notices  of  which  in 
standard  Chinese  works  have  long  been  a  puzzle  to 
botanists.  The  following  particulars  are  abstracted 
from  Mr.  Forbes'  paper.  The  leaves  are  used  for 
feeding  silkworms,  but  it  is  also  said  that  its  leaves 
are  hard  and  not  so  good  as  those  of  the  Mulberry. 
The  etymological  meaning  of  the  character  "  chc  "  is 
*'  stone  tree,"  and  the  species  is  said  to  prefer  stony 
ground.  The  silk  produced  by  silkworms  fed  on  the 
leaves  is  employed  in  making  lute-strings,  which  give 
a  clearer  sound  than  the  ordinary  ones.  One  author 
states  that  bowmen  use  the  wood  to  tip  their  bows 
with,  and  that  the  tree  alTords  a  reddish-yellow  dye, 
cilled  the  "che"  yellow,  which  is  used  for  the  imperial 
garments.  It  is  elsewhere  stated  that  "  che  "  wood,  to 
which  has  been  applied  a  paste  made  of  coal  dust  and 
vinegar,  can  be  dyed  black  in  a  single  night.  For  a 
very  full  account  of  the  history  and  uses  of  Cudrania 
triloba  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  'Journal  of  Botany^ 
vol.  xxi.,  p.  145.  A  figure  prepared  from  Kew  spe- 
cimens will  appear  shortly  in  the  Botanical  Magazine. 
G.  X. 


MASSACHUSETTS     HORTICULTURAL. 

Boston  :  Au_^ust  29.— At  the  exhibition  to-day  V.  H. 
Ilalleck,  Son  &  Co.,  showed  a  new  hybrid  Gladiolus, 
Argenteuil.  which  is,  without  doubt,  the  finest  thing  in 
this  line.  The  stock  originnted  with  Herr  Max  Leicht- 
lin.  From  the  same  firm  came  a  new  seedling  variety  of 
Lilium  lancifolium,  named  Opal,  white,  with  carmine 
dots,  and  quite  distinct  from  any  other  variety.  Mrs. 
F.  B.  Hayes  exhibited  a  large  collection  of  H.P.  Roses 
and  .Asters.  C.  M.  Hovey  some  good  spikes  of  Hy- 
drangea paniculata  grandiflora.  We  also  noticed  large 
displays  of  cut  flowers.  Gladioli,  Gloxinias,  Phlox.  Ver- 
benas, and  Marigolds.  E.  Sheppard  &  Sons  exhibited  a 
collection  of  flowers,  including  some  Dahlias— viz., 
Evening  Star,  Acquisition,  Canary,  Gracilis.  Perfection, 
Lutea  grandiflora,  White  Quetn,  Nora,  Auber,  Harle- 
quin, Aurata,  Defiance.  Firefly,  and  Purple  Prince, 
They  are  not  so  good  this  year  as  usual,  as  ihey  run  to 
wood,  and  produce  very  few  flowers,  and  these  not  of  the 
best.  On  the  fruit  table  were  some  fine  specimens  of 
the  new  .\ssomption  Pear  and  Chenango  Strawberry 
Apple,  also  some  fine  Moore's  E^arly  and  Champion 
Grapes. 

September  5. — This  was  the  last  of  the  tree  Satur- 
days tor  this  season,  and  was  the  best.  H.  B.  Watts 
showed  a  new  white  Gladiolus  named  Fairy.  Joseph 
Tailby  exhibited  the  new  Rose,  William  Francis 
Bennett,  which  the  committee  deemed  of  good  colour, 
but  poor  in  the  centre  ;  a  First-class  Certificate  was 
awarded  for  it.  The  same  award  was  made  (or  the  new 
Heliotrope,  Roi  des  Xoirs,  of  very  dark  colour  ;  also  to 
the  new  Rose,  Perle  dOr,  from  C.  M.  Hovey.  Dr. 
H.  P,  Walcott  showed  \'eronica  longifolia  subsessilis. 
W.  C.  Strong  exhibited  seventeen  vases  of  Maples, 
among  which  we  noticed  Acer  Schwedleri  and  A. 
Reitenbachii.  the  young  growth  ot  the  former  being  of 
the  richest  soft  pink,  and  the  latter  having  a  purplish 
lint  in  its  early  growth,  changing  to  a  rich  dark  purple 
as  the  season  advances.  C.  H.  Hovey  exhibited  a  group 
of  new  Gladioli,  hybridised  with  G.  purpureo-auratus. 
Mrs.     F,     B.    Hayes    sent    Rhododendron    Princess. 


Captain  W.   H.    Trant,  of  the  steamer    Venetian,  sent 
five  Fuchsias,  which  had  travelled  15.000  miles. 

Tlie  display  ol  fruits  was  very  extensive.  W.  H. 
Hunt  exhibited  a  dish  of  very  large  Clapp's  Favourite 
Pears  ;  F.  J.  Ducher  a  dish  of  Ott's  Seeding,  which, 
though  the  smallest,  were  undoubtedly  the  Imebt 
flavoured  Pears  in  the  room. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Allium  amrlyophyllum,  Cartcnflcra,  t.  iigo. 

Armeria  C/Espitosa,  Boissier.  —  Gartenjlora, 
iS8s,  t.  1 192. 

Carpenteria  californica,  Garden,  July  18. 

Dactvlis  c.espitosa,  YoaK.—Gartenflora,  t.  I194. 

Gentiaxa  TRIFLORA,  Pallas,  Garten  flora,  t. 
1 1 89. 

Kennedya  Marrattyana,  Garden,  t.  501. — 
Greenhouse  climber.  Leaves  trifoliate,  oblong,  silky  ; 
flowers  in  racemes,  crimson,  Pea-shaped. 

Linaria  ALITNA,  Garden,  July  25. 

Narcissus  poeticus  vak.  eiflorus. — Garten- 
flora,  1885,  t.  1 193. 

Phyteuma  humile,  Garden,  July  25. 

Ranunculus  Seguieri,  Vill. — Gartenflora,  1S85, 
t.  1 192. 

Veronica  saturfjoides,  Visiani.— C<!r/e"//'i)'-a, 
1SS5,  t.  1 192. 


STATE  Of  THE  HEA  IIISR  A  i    B[  iL.KHEAUI.  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Skitemeiek  23,  1885. 


Hygrome- 

duclions 

from 
Glaisher's 

Barometer 

THE  Air. 

Wind. 

< 

Tables  7th 

EditioD. 

< 

1 

s 

g 

i^^^Z^ 

^ 

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«   1  . 

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s 

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¥ 

§ 

Q 

1 

Sept 

In. 

In.    1    . 

. 

. 

^ 

In. 

17    1  agSo 

— oossQ.j'si.o 

8a 

54,0-3,6 

53  0 

93 

E.  N.E. 

0.38 

18 

5589 

+00562.548.5 

14.0 

53.7-  27 

50.9 

90 

N.  N.E. 

00s 

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— 0  0S57.aj6.0 

■  1.3 

S3.5|-  3-6 

5"  3 

96 

s.s.w. 

o.is 

,0 

29  9' 

+0.106,  o«.j 

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S4.0-  ..8 

48.3 

A 

w.s.w. 

0.00 

3. 

30.00 

+o.ao  63.0.54,0 

80 

56  6^-  1.146' 

^\ 

E.  N.E.r 

J2 

30^13 

+03467-5435 

35.0 

55  3      ao  50.0 

83j 

E.S.E.  ; 
S.W. 

0.00 

»3 

30.00 

+0.3367,854  0 

.3.B 

60. 1  +  4953-4 

78 

s.w. 

0.17 

Mean 

.9,5 

+a is'*!. 948  6 

■4-3 

SS.3—  0.750.4 

84 

Vari- 
able. 

067 

Sept.  17. — Rain  from  early  morning  till  about  : 
dull  day  and  night. 
—    iS.  — Fine  dull  day,  sun  shining  ar  limci 


llie 


—  19.— Slight  rain    rora  8  A.M.  till  about  ii  .v.M.     Dull 

day.     Fine  clear  night. 

—  20. — Fine  day  and  night. 

—  21. — Slight  rain  about  8  a.m.,  very  fine  bright  day  from 

It. 30  A.M.     Fine  night. 

—  22.— Dense   fog  in  early  morning,  ver>-  fine    day  and 

night. 

—  23.— Fine  till  about  2  P.M.,  drizzling  rain  from  3  r..M., 

and  all  the  evening. 


LONJON  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  19,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.86 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.07  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  13th,  decreased  to  29  95  inches  by 
I  p.m.  on  the  14th,  increased  to  29  97  inches  by  5  p.m. 
on  the  same  day  ;  decreased  to  29. S3  inches  by  5  p.m. 
on  the  15th,  increased  to  30.11  inches  by  i  p.m.  on 
the  l6lh,  decreased  to  29  96  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the 
I7lh,  increased  to  30  09  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  iSlh, 
and  was  29.91  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  ot  the  sea  was  30  inches,  being  0.22 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.04  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade    in    the   week   was   74''5.,   on  the    I5ih,    on 


the  19th  the  highest  temperature  was  57°.  2.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  65°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  46°,  on  the  19th  ;  on 
the  I51h  the  lowest  temperature  was  57°.5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  51°.  4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
20°,  on  the  I4ih  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  I7ih.  vi-as  S°.2. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  13''. S. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  Sepieniber  13'h, 
5S\2;  on  the  I4ih,  58°, 7  ;  on  the  I5ih,  64°. 3  ; 
on  the  i6lh,  ^S°.4  ;  on  the  I7lh,  54°;  on  the  iS.h, 
53°.7;  and  on  the  19th,  52°. 5;  of  these  the  first 
four  were  above  the  averages  by  o°.S,  i°.5,  7°. 2,  and 
I°.5,  respectively,  and  the  last  three  were  below  by 
2*.  6,  2°.  7,  and  ^' .(^  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  57°.  I, 
being  i°.2  higher  than  last  week,  and  o°.3  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  124°. 5,  on  the  15th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  93". 3. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  40°,  on  the  19th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  45°.  5. 

Rain, — Rain  fell  on  five  days,  to  the  amount  01 
0.S8  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  19  the  highest  temperatures  were  78" 
at  Cambridge,  74°.5  at  Blackheath,  73°.9  at  Notting- 
ham ;  the  highest  temperatures  were,  at  Plymouth  66", 
at  Truro,  Newcastle,  and  Preston  68*.  The  general 
mean  was  70^.2. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  40"  at  Cambridge, 
42°. 5  at  Wolverhampton,  42°. 7  at  Bolton;  the 
lowest  at  Liverpool  was  48°.9,  at  Brighton  48°. 8,  at 
Nottingham  47". 6.     The  general  mean  was  45°.  3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  38°  at  Cambride,  28°.  5 
at  Blackheath,  27°. 7  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  least 
ranges  were  I9°.4  at  Liverpool,  19°. 5  at  Plymouth, 
19°. 7  at  Brighton.     The  general  mean  was  24°. 9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  67°. 6,  at  Bristol  66°.  2,  and 
at  Nottingham  65^-g  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton, 
62°. 3,  at  Sunderland  62°.4,  at  Liverpool  62°.7.  The 
general  mean  was  64^.3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  52°,  at  Bristol  5r.5  at  Blackheath 
5i°.4;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  45°. 4,  at  Wolver. 
hampton  45°.7,  at  Sheffield  47°.3  The  general  mean 
was  49°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
iS'.S,  at  Wolverhampton  lf.<),  at  Bolton  l6°.9 ; 
and  was  least  at  Brighton,  Ii°.7,  at  Liverpool  II°.8, 
at  Newcastle  I2°.5.     The  general  mean  was  15°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Bristol,  57°. 5, 
at  Blackheath  57°. I,  at  Cambridge  56°. 9  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Bolton,  52°.5,  at  Wolverhampton  53°. 3,  at 
Sunderland  54°.     The  general  mean  was  55°.5. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  falls  were  1.49  inch  at 
Preston,  1. 41  inch  at  IJolton,  l.io  inch  at  Brighton  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.29  inch  at  Bristol,  0.32  inch 
at  Newcastle,  o  35  inch  at  Truro.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  0.5S  inch.  Rain  fell  on  every  day  in  the 
week  at  Cambridge. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  19,  the  highest  temperature  was  6S°.6, 
at  Leith  ;  at  Perth  the  highest  temperature  was 
6l°.9.     The  general  mean  was  63°. 9. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  34°.5,  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
42°.     The  general  mean  was  40°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh 
and  Leith,  54°  4  ;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow  and  Greenock, 
52^.9.    The  general  mean  was  53°.6. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.96  inch,  at  Greenock  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.44  inch,  at  Aberdeen.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  i.II  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Sept.  21,  1SS5,  issued  by 
Ihe  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria-strett, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  has  been  in  a  very 
changeable  condition  generally,  some  days  being  very 
dull  and  rainy  and  others  fine  and  genial.  In  the 
south  and  south-east  thunder  and  lightning  were  ex- 
perienced. 

The  temperature  has  been  1°  or  2"  below  the  mean  in 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


411 


Ireland,  the  greater  part  of  Scotland,  in  "England, 
N.W.,"  and  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  but  about  equal 
to,  or  1°  above,  its  normal  value  in  most  of  the  English 
districts  and  in  the  east  of  Scotland.  The  maxima 
were  recorded  in  most  places  on  the  15th,  when  the 
thermometer  rose  to  between  59°  and  68^  in  the 
northern  and  western  parts  of  the  kingdom  and  to 
76°,  77',  or  78"  over  central,  southern,  and  south- 
eastern England.  The  minima,  which  were  generally 
registered  either  on  the  17th  or  iSth,  varied  from  32' 
in  "  England,  S.W.  "  (at  Llandoveiy),  and  34°  in 
"  Ireland,  N.,"  to  41°  in  the  east,  north-east,  and 
south  of  England,  and  to  '51"  in  the  "Channel 
Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  varied  considerably  in  different 
localities.  Over  Scotland,  the  south  of  England,  and 
in  the  north  of  Ireland  it  has  been  more  than  the 
mean,  in  "England,  E.,"  about  equal  to  it,  while 
elsewhere  a  deficit  is  shown.  Over  central  and 
north-eastern  England  the  fall  has  been  very  slight. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  an  increase  in  most  of  the 
"Wheat-producing"  districts,  and  also  over  the  west 
of  England,  but  a  decrease  elsewhere.  The  per- 
centages of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranged 
from  20  in  "Ireland,  N.,"to  48  in  "  England,  N.E." 

Depressions  observed, — Very  changeable,  unsettled 
conditions  have  prevailed  during  this  period.  Several 
depressions  have  moved  in  a  north-easterly  direction 
outside  our  westerly  and  northerly  coasts,  the  most 
important  one  being  observed  during  the  iglh.  This 
depression  brought  moderate  to  strong  southerly  to 
westerly  gales  to  all  our  western  and  northern  stations, 
and  fresh  oouthwesterly  winds  to  the  south  and  east. 
•During  the  l6th,  17th,  and  iSth,  some  small  shallow 
disturbances  passed  eastwards,  over  the  North  of 
France,  causing  easterly  breezes  and  thunderstorms 
over  our  southern  and  south-eastern  counties. 


Variorum. 

Wi^ERE  Strawberries  Come  From.— In  parts 
of  Kent  hundreds  of  acres  are  devoted  to  Straw- 
berries, which  are  sometimes  grown  under  fruit  trees, 
but  for  the  most  part  are  planted  in  the  open  in  rows, 
about  z\  feet  apart  and  I J  foot  from  plant  to  plant. 
The  plough  is  run  between  the  rows  in  autumn  to 
keep  the  plants  on  ridges,  and  assist  in  the  drainage 
of  the  roots.  In  spring  the  ground  is  levelled,  and  a 
straw  litter  laid  between  the  plants,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  fruit  from  being  splashed  by  the  rains. 
When  ripe,  that  required  for  dessert  purposes  is 
picked  with  stalks  and  gathered  into  small  baskets, 
which  are  emptied  into  sieves  holding  about  12  lb., 
and  for  each  of  these  the  picker  gets  ^./.  The  pack- 
ing is  a  task  requiring  considerable  neatness  and  skill, 
and  the  practised  hands  sit  in  rough  sheds  built  in  the 
fruit  gardens  all  the  summer  days  arranging  the  ripe 
Strawberries  with  their  leaves  in  the  punnets  ;  these 
again  are  packed  in  boxes  containing  sometimes  thirty 
and  sometimes  sixty  baskets,  and  are  sent  off  in  carts, 
or  by  train,  to  the  market.  The  bruised  or  overripe 
fruit,  termed  "squashers,"  are  packed  in  casks,  and 
disposed  of  at  some  of  the  jam  factories.  An  idea  of 
the  amount  of  fruit  grown  may  be  gained  from  the 
fact  that  from  6  to  8  tons  of  Strawberries  have  been 
sent  in  a  day  from  one  farm  alone,  and  from  100  to 
125  tons  forwarded  by  one  grower  to  market  during  a 
single  season.  The  value  of  the  crop  varies  from /■20 
to  ^60  per  acre  for  best  fruit,  and  for  "squashers" 
and  jam-fruit  from  ^15  to  £20  per  ton.  After  gather- 
ing, the  runners  are  cut  away,  and,  with  refuse,  taken 
to  the  centre  of  the  alleys,  which  are  then  dug  and 
planted  with  Lettuces.  A  plantation  lasts  good  ii^z 
years,  and  is  not  in  good  bearing  order  until  the 
second  year.  The  cost  of  the  runners  is  about  5^.  per 
1000,  and  about  7000  plants  per  acre  are  required. 
Cassdrs  Family  iila^azine. 

Phormium  tenax  and  its  Therapeutic 
Value.  —  Among  the  botanical  products  of  New 
Zealand  there  is  one  item  for  the  Materia  MeJica 
that  will  prove  a  valuable  auxiliary  to  the  surgeon  as 
soon  as  its  therapeutical  effects  have  become  generally 
known.  From  1869,  when  the  properties  of  the 
plant  were  first  made  known,  till  the  present,  I  have 
used  it  in  hundreds  of  cases,  including  lacerations  and 
amputations  of  every  description,  and  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  there  is  nothing  known  in 
the  old  country  that  can  equal  it  in  producing  healthy 
granulations.  I  use  a  strong  decoction — the  stronger 
the  better— made  from  the  roots  and  the  butts  of  the 


leaves,  boiled  for  twelve  hours.  At  one  time  I  had 
to  make  it  fresh  every  second  day,  as  it  readily  fer- 
ments and  deteriorates,  but  since  carbolic  acid  came 
into  vogue  I  keep  it  for  any  length  of  time  by  adding 
about  an  ounce  of  equal  parts  of  carbolic  acid  and 
glycerine  to  every  quart.  I  require  no  other  antiseptic 
precautions,  but  simply  syringe  the  lesions  occasionally 
with  it,  and  maintain  cotton  wool  or  lint,  soaked  in 
it,  constantly  to  the  parts  affected.  If  there  are  no 
foreign  matters  to  be  discharged  there  will  be  no 
discharge,  in  support  of  which  I  will  instance  the  case 
of  an  Austrian,  named  Louis  Lourich,  whose  forearm 
I  lately  amputated,  after  it  had  been  shattered  through 
d)namite.  The  ligatures  were  thirty-days  in  coming 
away,  and  the  amount  of  pus  from  the  operation  up 
to  that  time  would  not  altogether  amount  to  a  table- 
spoonful.  The  same  patient  had  the  soft  parts  of  the 
other  forearm  torn  and  blown  into  such  a  mass  of 
shreds  that  the  members  of  the  stalT  thought  it  was 
hopelessly  beyond  repair.  I  need  only  say  that  with 
the  same  treatment  it  became  as  sound  and  useful  as 
before,  and  exhibits  only  scars  showing  where  new 
skin  had  been  formed.  Some  time  ago  a  navvy  on 
the  Winton  Railway  works  had  a  loaded  truck  go 
over  his  foot,  doubling  it  on  the  sole,  bursting  the 
integuments  and  leaving  the  os  calcis  nearly  bare  and 
the  flexor  tendons  dipping  loosely  with  bits  of  skin 
and  fascia  under  the  sole  of  the  foot.  The  man  lived 
in  a  tent  near  the  works.  I  instructed  one  of  his 
mates  how  to  boil  down  a  billy  of  Flax  every  day, 
and  suspend  it  with  a  drip-rag  over  the  injury,  and 
the  case  recovered  perfectly,  with  no  appearance  of 
pus,  except  on  one  occasion  for  twenty-four  hours, 
through  his  mates  leaving  him  for  some  sports  or 
races  with  an  insufficient  supply  of  decoction,  which 
compelled  him  to  yse  water  instead.  In  this  case  no 
carbolic  acid,  or  anything,  was  used  but  the  decoction 
of  Flax  by  itself.  I  might  adduce  proofs  by  scores  of 
its  efiicacy,  but  if,  owing  to  these  facts  being  made 
prominently  known  through  the  Australasian  Medical 
Gazelle,  medical  men  can  be  induced  to  test  the 
remedy  for  themselves,  it  will  require  no  assertions 
from  me  to  cause  the  Phormium  tenax  to  take  the 
premier  place  as  a  granulating  agent.  Francis  A. 
Monckton,  M.R.C.S.E.,  Surgeon  -  Superinlendent, 
Kumara  Hospital. 

A  Large  Piece  of  Amber.— A  piece  of  amber 
weighing  8  lb.  (says  the  Queen)  is  at  present  being 
exhibited  in  the  Mark  Museum  at  Dantzig,  for  which 
the  owner  has  refused  /■1500.  It  is  probably  the 
largest  piece  in  the  world  without  blemish.  Frederick 
the  Great,  more  than  a  century  ago,  paid  the  same 
sum  for  a  piece  weighing  13  lb.,  which  is  preserved 
in  the  Mineralogical  Museum  at  Berlin,  but  it  has 
gaps  and  cavities.  Two  beautiful  pieces  of  work  in 
amber  are  also  to  be  seen  in  Berlin.  One  is  a  flute, 
which  also  was  an  acquisition  of  Frederick  the  Great ; 
the  other  is  a  complete  tobacco-pipe,  belonging  to 
Frederick  William  III.,  the  father  of  the  present 
Emperor.  It  bears  an  admirably  carved  likeness  of 
that  monarch. 


Correspondent. 


Dendrobium  chrysanthum  :  C.  Hcrrin,  It  is  not 
rare  for  this  to  flower  on  growth  of  the  current  year. 

Errata. — In  the  report  of  Royal  Caledonian  Horticul- 
tural Society's  meeting,  at  p.  377,  col.  a,  line  i,  for 
"  Mr.  |.  O.  Mackenzie,  of  Poriniore."  read  "  Mr.  J. 
Ord  Mackenzie,  of  Dolphington." — In  article  on  Pro- 
liferation in  Ferns,  p.  371,  col.  a.  line  8,  instead  of 
"fronds  are  perennial,"  read  "  plants  are  evergreen." 

Grapes  Shanking  and  Seedless  :  T.  T.  Your 
Vines  are  in  a  bad  state  at  the  roots.  Read  our  cul- 
tural directions  on  the  Vine  in  this  issue.  You  will 
then  know  how  to  proceed.  Mrs.  Pince  is  so  unripe 
that  it  could  scarcely  be  ripened  before  winter.  You 
should  have  started  this  variety  in  April.  The  small 
seedless  berries  result  from  non-fertilisation  of  the 
flowers,  and  might  have  been  avoided  by  impregnation 
with  its  own  or  other  pollen  applied  with  a  camel- 
hair  brush,  or  even  by  occasional  syringing  in  the 
morning. 

Seedling  Apples,  &c.  :  A.  J.  S.  Not  equal  to  many 
others  in  cultivation.     Pear,  Bezi  Quessoi,  or  Nutmeg. 

S17.E  OF  Half-sieve  :  IV.  J.  L.  It  is  3^  imperial  gal- 
lons.    The  weight  will  vary  with  different  things. 

Mushroom  Deformed  :  W.  Glen.  It  is  simply  a  case 
in  which  one  Mushroom  has  grown  on  the  cap  of 


another,  the  additional  growth  having  the  pileus 
turned  upwards,  and  is  destitute  of  a  stalk.  These 
malformations  are  not  rare. 
Names  of  Fruits  :  J.  H.  i,  Muirfowl  Egg  ;  2,  Passe 
Colmar  ;  3,  perhaps  St.  Catherine  {it  was  badly  de- 
cayed) ;  4,  Sandall's  ;  5,  Goliath  (incorrectly  called 
Nectarine  Plum)  ;  6,  Lawson's  Golden  ;  7,  Kirke's. — 
Wyristones.  i,  Hawthornden  ;  2.  3,  Cellini  ;  4,  Gloria 
Mundi  ;  5,  Franklin's  Codlin  Pippin  ;  6,  Dumelow's 
Seedling.— 7.  R.,  Bury,  i,  Mank's  Codlin  ;  2,  War- 
ner's King  ;  3,  Cox's  Pomona  ;  4.  Beauty  of  Kent  ; 
5,  Lane's  Prince  Albert  ;  6,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  ;  7, 
keinette  d'Hollande  ;  8,  Winter  Pearmain.  There  is 
an  Apple  named  Radford  Beauty,  a  medium-sized 
round  fruit  of  a  bronzy-green  colour.  — A.  Holloway. 
I,  Beurre  Diel ;  2,  Glou  Mor9eau  ;  3,  Beurrd  de 
Capiaumont ;  4,  not  recognised  ;  5,  Fondante  d'Au- 
tomne  ;  6,  Scckle.— PK.  W.    Williams'  Bon  Chretien. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Lattenbnry.  Yellow  Star  Thistle 
{Calcitrapa  solstitialis).  —  D.  M.  Strachan.  Viccia 
cracca. — H.  C.  ^  Sons,  i,  Watsonia  humilis  ;  2,  W. 
iridifolia  ;  3,  Tritonia  aurea.  —  W.  P.  Hierti.  Onci- 
dium  varicosum.  —  Ivy  Shclverton,  i,  Perilla  nan- 
kinensis  ;  2,  Gazania  uniflora  ;  3,  Aster  bessarablcum  ; 
4,  White  Phlox  var.—C  J.  R.B.  Cymbidium  gigan- 
teum. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Thos.  Ware.  Tottenham  —  Daffodils,  Lijies,  and  a 
General  Bulb  List ;  Hardy  Perennials,  Iris.  Poeonies, 
&c. 

W.  M.  Pillinger  &  Co.,  Chepstow  —  Dutch  Flower 
Roots  ;  also  Forest  Trees.  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  &c. 

Jamp:s  Meredith,  Warrington— Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 

].  M.  Thokburn  &  Co..  New  York  —  Price  List  of 
American  Seeds  for  European  Wholesale  Maikeis 
only. 

L.  Jacob-Makoy  &  Co.,  Li^ge,  Belgium— Plants. 

Rovelli  Freres,  Pallanza,  Lago  Maggiore,  Italy  — 
Price  Current  of  Seeds. 

M.  Jules  de  Cock,  Ghent  —  Trade  Catalogue  o 
Plants. 

Ben  Reid  &  Co.,  Aberdeen— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

K.  J.  Jarman,  Chard^Flowcr  Bulbs,  Roots,  Rose, 
Trees,  &c. 

Isaac  D.\vies  &  Son,  Ormskirk,  Lancashire — Rhodo- 
dendrons, Conifers,  Hardy  Trees,  Climbers,  &c. 


Communications  Received: — C.  M.  O.  (next  week). — T.  S. 
-T.  J.  &  Sons.— C.  W.— C.  B.-B.  S.  Williams.-W.  G. 
Smith. -Sir  C.  Strickland.- G.  N.--J.  D.  —  A.  Laing.— 
N.  B.— H.  W.  W.-G.  S.  B.— F.  W.  E.-Malcolm  Dunn 
thanks  for  correction). —W.    T.— H.    Berwick    (next 


(many   tnanks  tor  coi 
week).— Dr.  Paterson, 


[arhtts* 


COVENT    GARDEN,    September    24. 

Prices  continue  about  the  same,  with  business  quiet. 
Nuts  and  good  fruit  selling  freely  at  previous  quotations. 
James  Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Pru 


Apple 


per  J4-S 
U.imsons.  i^-siev 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Keiii  Cobs,  tool 
Kent  Filberts.  10 
Lemons,  per  cast 


Melons,  each  ..06-16 

l^eaches,  per  doz,    . .   20-40 
Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b.  z  o-  4  o 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-50 
Pears,  per  dozen      ..09-13 

—  per  Ji-sicve       ..    16-30 


Pluir 


,  %^ 


6-  3  . 


Vegetables.— Average  Retau 


Artichokes,      GJobe, 

per  dozen  ..  ..   ; 

Aubergines,  each  . .  < 
Beans,  itng.,  per  lb.  < 
Beet,  per  dozen  . .  ; 
Brussel  Sprouts,  lb.  » 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  c 
Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, per  dozen  . .  : 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1 
Cucumbers,  each  ,  . .  c 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  : 
Garlic,  per  lb-  ..  < 


Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch.,  i 
Mushrooms,  basket  : 
Onions,  per  bushel..  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  1 
Parsley,  per  bunch..  > 
Peas,  per  quart 
Radishes,  per  dozen  : 
Small   saladinj,    per 

punnet       ..  ..  < 

Spinach,    per  bushel  . 
Tomatos,  per  lb.     . .    c 

Vegel.    Marrs.,  each  < 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesa 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18 
Arbor-vitte  (golden), 


n),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  0-12  o 
Rouvardia,  dozen  ..  12  o-i8  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 

per  dozen  . .  .  •  30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o  1 
Euonymus,    in  var.,  , 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,  in  var.,  1 

I.er  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o  ■ 

Ficus  elastica,  each..  16-70 


Foliage  Plants,  van- 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  ; 
Lilium  auratum,  per 

dozen  ..  ..i; 
—  longifolium,  doz.  c 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    t 
Palms      in     variety. 


412 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  1S85. 


Cut  Flower 

S.— AVERA 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

GE  Wholesale  Prici 

Abutilon,  12  bunches 

Lihum     longiflorum. 

20-60 

12  blooms.. 

bouvardias,  per  bun. 

06-10 

Marguerites,  12  bun. 

Carnations,    per     12 

Mignonette,   12  bun. 

bunches     . . 

20-40 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  12  blooms 

10-20 

trusses 

Eucharis    per  dozen 

30-60 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses 

Rhodanihe,  12   bun. 

Lapageria,  white,  la 

Roses  (indoor),  doz. 

blooms 

2  (^  3  0 

Stephanotis,  12  spr  . 

—  red,  12  blooms   . . 

Tropsolum,   t2  bun. 

Lavender,  12  bunch 

40-00 

Tuberoses,   12  blms.. 

SEEDS. 

London,  Sept.  23  — There  were  but  few  transactions 
on  the  seed  market,  the  attendance  being  small  to-day. 
The  demand  for  Trifolium  is  now  nearly  over.  Full 
prices  are  made  for  Rye,  the  trade  continuing  good. 
There  is  more  inquiry  for  winter  Tares,  at  late  rates. 
Moderate  prices  still  rule  for  Mustard.  Rape  seed  re- 
mains exceptionally  cheap  ;  this  year's  are  the  lowest 
ever  known  values.  Blue  Peas,  on  account  of  their 
scarcity,  are  exceedingly  firm.  The  new  Haricot  Beans 
are  cheap  and  good.  The  samples  of  new  American 
Clover  seed  coming  to  l\and  show  most  unsatisfactory 
quality.  Linseed  is  dearer,  y^hn  Skiiu  &*  Sons,  Serd 
Alenhanfs,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E,C. 


CORN. 


At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  English  Wheat,  except  just 
the  best  samples,  was  cheaper  to  sell,  and  foreign  was 
much  in  the  same  way,  except  perhaps  Indian  and  Aus- 
tralian, which  showed  fairly  firm  rates.  Flour  ruled 
dull,  and  the  nominal  top  price  of  town  was  reduced  3J. 
per  sack,  making  34J.  the  quotation.  Grinding  Barley 
was  firm,  and  the  turn  dearer.  The  new  English  varies 
in  quality,  and  the  proportion  of  prime  is  small.  Beans 
and  Peas  were  unchanged.  Maize,  from  scanty  supply, 
upheld  its  value.  Oats  were  dull,  and  rather  in  favour 
of  buyers. — Wednesday's  Wheat  market  opened  with 
rather  a  firmer  lone,  but  the  want  of  demand  prevented 
improvement,  and  the  retail  transactions  that  occurred 
left  quotations  nominally  unchanged.  Flour  was  quiet 
and  unaltered.  Maize  was  scarce  and  firm.  Barley  was 
steady,  and  Beans,  Peas,  and  Oats,  were  quiet  and  un. 
changed  —.Average  prices  ol  corn  for  the  week  ending 
Sept.  19  :— Wheat,  30J.  io</.  ;  Barley,  31J.  id.  ;  Oats, 
igt.  id.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year : — 
Wheat,  331.  loi^ ;  Barley,  321.  ^d.  ;  Oats,  igt.  8./. 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  the  advance  ob- 
tained in  the  be.ast  market  on  that  day  se'nnight  was 
not  sustained,  the  sales  being  at  fully /^i  per  head  lower, 
and  in  some  cases  a  larger  declme  had  to  be  conceded,  the 
dull  slate  of  the  dead  meat  trade  and  depressed  rates  at 
Sraithfield  militating  against  demand.  Sheep  were  rather 
more  numerous  than  on  the  previous  Monday,  but  main- 
tained that  day's  rates,  although  the  sale  was  slow.  The 
calf  trade  was  very  dull,  and  no  pigs  were  on  ofter. 
Quotations  :— Beasts,  y.  lod.  to  +1.  bd.,  and  41.  id.  to 
y.  id.  ;  calves,  is.  tod.  t04i.  6d.;  sheep.  4J.  to  41.  6d., 
and  +1.  lod.  to  51.  6d.  —On  Thursday  trade  was  quiet  in 
tone.  Both  beasts  and  sheep  sold  slowly  at  about  Mon- 
day's prices.  Calves  were  steady,  and  best  qualities 
made  a  shade  more  money.     Pigs  were  dull. 


HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that 
trade  was  very  dull,  with  considerable  supplies  Quota- 
lions  ;— Clover,  prime,  80.1.  to  iios.  ;  prime  second  cut, 
S51.  to  107J.  ;  inferior,  60s.  to  75J.  ;  new  Clover,  Sos. 
10  94-t. ;  hay,  prime,  65J.  to  951.  ;  interior.  361.  to  60s.  ; 
and  straw,  28s.  to  39J.  per  load.— On  Thursday  there 
was  a  short  supply  on  sale.  The  trade  was  very  dull  at 
late  rales.— Cumberland  Market  quotations  :  —  Clover, 
best,  gos.  to  loor.  ;  inferior,  60s.  to  90J. ;  hay,  best, 
8or.  to  gns.  ;  inferior,  50J.  to  70s.  ;  and  Straw,  30J.  to 
36J.  per  load. 

POTATOS. 

The  Borough  and  Spitalfields  Markets  reports  state 
that  the  markets  are  largely  supplied  with  middling  and 
inferior  qualities,  but  fine  are  not  so  plentiful.  The  latter 
realise  fully  steady  prices,  but  the  lower  grades  are  a 
very  difficult  sale.  Quotations  :—  Regents.  60s.  to  Sos.  ■ 
Magnum  Bonuras,  501.  to  Bos.  ;  Early  Roses,  701.  to 
gos.  ;  Hebrons,  901.  to  not.  per  ton. — The  imports  inlo 
London  last  week  consisted  of  8537  bags  from  Ham- 
burg, 400  Antwerp,  89  Rotterdam,  49  sacks  St.  Brieux, 
and  31  sacks  from  Boulogne. 


COALS. 


The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  :— Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  14!.  gd. ;  Walls 
End  — Tyne  (unscreened),  iii.  ^d.  ;  Hetton,  17J.  ; 
Helton  Lyons,  15J. ;  Lambion,  lys.;  Wear,  15J.  ;  Tees, 
ijs.  ;  Dowlais  Merthyr,  i6j.  3d. 


(JoTemment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  99J  to  100  for  both  delivery  and  the  account.  The 
final  figures  of  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  were  99J  to 
99J  for  both  transactions.  Thursday's  closing  quotations 
were  99}^^  to  99I-I  tor  both  delivery  and  account. 


CARTERS' 

EARLY  BULBS, 

FOE,    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful   While  atid  Coloured 

Flowers  for  Chrisltnas  and  Easter 

Decoration. 


CARTERS' 
CARTERS' 
CARTERS' 
CARTERS' 
CARTERS' 
CARTERS' 


Earliest  WUtte  Roman  HYACINTHS. 

Per  100,  15J.  ;  per  dozen.  2r.  3.3'. 

Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  lo).  Hi.  b.i.  :  per  d^Dzen,  ij.  .,,/. 

Paper-White  NARCISSUS. 

■.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  is.  ad. 


Pe 

Red  and  YelloT7  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Fei  100.  SI.  id  ;  per  dozen,  i^,/. 

Extra  Large  SNOWDROP?. 

Per  i.o.  3i.  (,{. 

Double  Sweet-scented  TUBEROSES. 

Per  100.  3  s.  ;  per  dozen,  41.  fjd. 

All    PajTcela    Carriage    Free. 


c 

(\RTE  RS 

'       COLLECTIONS, 

SELECTED 

FROM 

THE    ABOVE    BULBS.— 

A,  price  5J   ;  B.  p'ice 

7S.  6rf. ; 

C,  price  i6z.     All  forwarded, 

packi 

ng  free,  per  Pat 

el  Post. 

FOR     Full    Particulars    see    CARTERS' 
ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUE    of     BULBS, 
ROSES.  Sic  .  R-atis  .nd  post-free. 


t^ 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 
Warrant  to 
^^Ji^p'h^     His  Royal  Highness  the 


PRINCE  OF  WALES. 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE 


Engli: 


ConLiins  List  of  a'l  varielies  of 

lish,  Dutch,  and  French-grown  Bulbs, 

Wiih  Special  Low  Prices  ol  the  following  :  — 

150,000  Yellow  CROCUS. 

IRIS  K.EMPFERI  — in  about  twenty  differ- 

rnt  shades  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  countiy.  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  Io»er  of  fl  iwcrs.  It  is  by  f.^r  the 
largest  flower  of  this  family,  with  most  sinking 
colours.  We  offer  well  establi-hEd  English-grown 
Roots. 

IRIS    GERMANICA,  in   great  variety.     This 

collection  contains  twertv-four  dilTereni  shades  of 
colour.     Also  many  other  varieties  ol  Iri.». 

20,000  NARCISSUS  POETICUS  ORNATUS 

(  True).  —  True  E.irly-flov»erinK  Pheasai  l  e>ed, 
blooming  ihree  weeks  eailier  ihin  poeticos. 

15,000  NARCISSUS,   Orange   Phceni.x.  —  The 

g  and  Diuble  White  DafTodiL 

5,000  NARCISSUS,   Sulphur   Crown.  —  The 

delicae  Double  Pale  Sulphur  Daffodil,  the  finest 
ai.d  most  elegant  of  all.  And  fifty  Olher  choice 
varieties  of 

NARCIS3  and  DAFFODILS. 

30,000  GLADIOLUS  COLVILLI,  The  Bride, 

pure  white  variety,  perfectly  hardy.  Should  be 
planted  in  autumn.     AUo  good  for  forcing. 

50,000  SCILLA    SIBIRICA.  — This  charming 

rich  Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop, 
to  which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 

Catalogue  free  on  application  to 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

13,    E.XETER    STREET,     STRAND,    W  C. 


CALCEOLARIAS,    PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERARIAS. 

We   simply   wish   to  say  that  we   have  many 

thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 

strain  in  theWorld.    is.dd  per  doi.,  io.r.per  loo, 

post-free.    In  small  pots,  ^s.dd.  doz.,  lS.f.per  loo. 

R.  J.  JOHNSOM,  Esq.,  3,  Walton  Slrttt,  Oxjord. 

September  21,    18S5. 

"At  cur  Show,  June  16,  I  gained  First  Prize  for  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 

me  2  dozen." 


H.    CANNELL   &    SONS, 


rwsfl^ 


^T^p«m 


TRISH  ANEMONE.— AH  colours,  the  finest 

-L  in  cultivation  :  should  he  grown  by  all  lovers  of  flowers. 
Send  to  ihe  Groweis  for  BULBS.  Single.  5s.  per  100,  ij.  per 
dozen  ;  Double,  loi.  per  100,  2-s.  per  dozen.  Seed,  Single,  ss. 
per  packet';  Double,  25.  per  packet  :  Mixed,  \s.  td  per  packet. 
RODGER  McCLEl.LAND  and  CO..  Newry. 

To  the  Trade. 

HCOLLYER,  147,  Camden  Road,  Tun- 
•  biidgc  Well,  (late  Prooagalor  lor  T.  Cr.pps  &  =onl, 
can  now  offer  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  and  LANUGI- 
NOSA CANDIDA.  slr.-nB  plants,  81  per  dozen.  501.  per  100  ; 
AMPELOPSIS  VEIICHII  (tiue),  (s.  per  d(  zen. 

IT'OR    SALE,    Seventeen    large    well  budded 
■       CAMELLIAS.    Reason  for  disposal,  too  large  for  hjuse. 
No  teasonable  ofTet  refu  ed.      Af  ply  to 
GARDENER,'83,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

MILLTRACK  M U S hTrOO M^ PAW N.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4r.  6d.  per  bushel  (16  cakes),  td.  per  bushel  package; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  pojt,   is.  ^J.     Trade  supplied 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

4</  per  bushel ;   100  for  25^  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

4ai.  :  ^bushel  bags,  4,1'.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.    6d.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  Zi-r.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  saj.  i  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  <)i.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  h»lf 
ton.  261  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  FEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUS--IA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G  SMYTH.  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 

D.ury  Lane  (lately  called  ITA.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 

GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Koyal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCllA-NUr  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4-bushel  Bags, 
II.  each  ;  30  for  255.— b.igs  included  ;  2-ton  Truck,  Iree  on  Rail, 
25!.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
Sack  :  s  (or  22s.  bd.  :  10  for  351.  j  so  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6,^.  per  Sack:  5  for  20«  ;  lo  for  30J. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  is.  6d.  per  Bu,hel ;  141.  per 
'A  Ton  ;  25s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPEK, 
ico'.  perlh.;  281b.,  21s.;  cwt  ,  70s.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  8a'.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb.  for  i8s.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD.  4s.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  Sick.  CHARCOAL,  2s.  6d.  per 
Bushel  :  Sacks,  4a'.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&c.     LI  ST  Free      Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HEEBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Souihwak  Street.  S.E.  (ne.ir  London  Bridge) 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pkize  Mpdals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (.Ml  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   4s.  td.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20s. 

PF AT.  best  black  fibrous     ..   3s.  6</.  „  5  sacks  for  151, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   ss.  6X         „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     '\ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,bestr        ner  bush   fsacks  included! 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     1  '^-  P"  ""*"'  '*''"'*  included). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3./.  peibusb.,  i2S.half  ton,  ajs.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8(/.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sp^cialile)    8</.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  zo  sacks,  17s.  ; 
30  sacks,  25s;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  raiU 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,   MILWALL.  LONDON,   E. 

YOU  CAN  IMMEDIATELY 

Destroy  all  Insects 

And  PARASITES  that  infest  Tiees  and  Plants 

(uiiellicr  aC  the  roots  or  on  the  fulia^e)  by  using 

FIR  TREE  OIL 

INSECTICIDE  (il°^i^it) 

Gr-een  Fly  *'™™     Gardpn,     Gre.nhou-e     ^     ^     3 

'  I  irchard,  or  \  inery ;  these  and    .,.,.'        ^ 

Black  Fly  ^n  Insect  rests  are  speedily    Thnp 

Woolly  Aphis    cleared  by  the  use  of  Fir  Tree    Red  Spider 
Grubs  Oil-      Effectual,    Eiiin  imh  ;il.    Caterpillars 

.    .  ',  and  Safe.     It  does  iimI  inior.'    i.fl.,j„.., 

*"'=  Flowers, Folinee.  or  tl,..Moom    ^''''="' 

Worms  ,  „n  (frapes,  Stone  Fruit,  ic.        Scale,  &.C. 

FIR  TREE  OIL  deslrmjs  Lice  and  Fleas  on  Animals;  U 
will  cure  Einyworm  and  all  Skin  Discoies  produced  by 
Fiirasites,  and  is  prrfcclhj  harmless  to  the  Hands  ^  Skin. 
Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  C^emisti.  16.  2/6.  and  4/6  a  Bottle. 
Per  post  3<i.  extra.  Per  gallon  12/6.  or  less  in  larger  quantities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL,  as  an  INSECTICIDE,  its 
application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  Free,  on 
receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES.  Manchester, 

■Wholesale :— HOOPER  &  CO. ;   COERY.  SOI'ER.  FOWLER 

AND  CO.;   C.  E.  OSIIAN  &  CO.;  and  from  all  the  London 

Seed  Merchants  and  Wholesal.^  Patent    Medicine    Houses. 

New  York  ;-BOLKEE  &  SONS. 


SErTEHDER  26,    1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


413 


12-OZ.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 
T^j^lBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
x:  BKOWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  bcil  quality  (or  (itchids. 
Stove  Plants,  ,t-.,  (.(,  6j.  perTrtlck.  liLACK  hlBKOUS  PEAT, 
f..r  Khod.TdemJroii-,  Azaleas,  Heaths.  Americau  Plant  Btds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  liag,  5J.  ;  5  B^cs,  2jr.  dd.  \  to  Bags, 
4iS.      Bagi  included.     Fresh  SPH  AUNUM,  loj.  6i.  per  Bag  , 

SlLVtR  SAND.  Cuarse  or  Fine.  521   per  Truck  ot  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Fari.botough   Station.  Hams. 


G 


:<  ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

X  Gardeners  since  1859  ag.iinst  Kcd  Spider,  Mildew, 
rips,  Gieen  Piy.  and  other  B  igbt.  i  to  a  ounces  to  the 
Ion  of  solt  water  ;  4  to  t6  ounces  a.  winter  dressing  (or  Vines 
i  ttrchard-house  lues  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
Blight.     Has  oullived  many  preparations  Intenoed  to 


Boxes, 


.  I'-. 


.  bd. 


•  for  all  i 
jilatit.:.    For  further difections 
.  1  ,Ik1  on  bottle. 

OHIFFITHS    HUGHES.    Operative    Chemist, 
VIC.0R1\  STREET,  MAMOHESTEE. 


/-:»  ISHURSTINE  keeps  Pootsdry  and  soft  on 

Vjr  wet  ground.  Boxes,  Id  and  u  ,  from  the  Irade. 
Whol.s.lefrom   PRICt'S  PATEN  1- CANDLE  LO.VIPANY 

(Limited).  London. 

QILVER     SAND,     excellent      coarse,     js. 

^~y  per  ton.  PEA  I",  excellent  quilny.  6j  .  8j  and  ioj.  per  cubic 
yard.  LOAM,  excellent  quality,  8i.  per  cnbic  yard,  by 
truckbads.     In  casks  and  sacks  at  mLderate  rates 

W.  SHORT,  Horiicuhural  C.mpany,  Midhurst.  Sussex 

1  SLOWER  POTS,  SEED  PANS,  FLATS, 
&c.,  an.l  al  kinds  ..f  PLAIN  ard  ORNAME.NTAL 
POTS  to  be  h.d  at  VVes.bauk  Fl  Wir  Pot  Potteries,  Poitobtllj, 
neai  Ediuburgh.      Address. 

M.  BRODIE  SHERRIFF. 


TO  BE  SOLD,  CHEAP,  a  large  LEAN-TO 
VINERY,  150  feet  loi  g  by  15  feet  wide,  in  three  divi- 
sions, glared  with  plate-glass,  only  elected  about  (iftten  >  ears 
ago.  A  so  two  three-quatter-span  Greenhouses,  fo  Icet  by 
16  feet:  ai  d  nvo  ot  Weeks'  large  Upright  Boilers,  in  good  cd- 
i  (Tered  refused.     Sold  in  consequen 


of 


HEAD  G^RIJENER,  Blenheim  Palace.  Woodstock. 

Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHA.NGEL  MAIS  at  a  lower  rate  than  (or  seveial 
le.  s  for  present  orJets.  AKo  PEIEKSBURG  MATj  all  1 
MA  I'  BAG  S.     Price  and  samp  es  on  applicatio  1. 

4  and  5,  Wormwoou  Street,  Lo,  din,  F.C. 

Ratal  Fibre. 

J      BLACKBURN    and   SONS  have  a  large 
•     Stock,  and  a-e  olT.-rin.;  at  reduced  p  ite  .     Sam  le,  a  d 
(a'ticul  us  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Stieei.  E  C. 

''POBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 

-•-      ni)=t  effective,    14  lb.  for  gr.  ;    s8  lb.,    i8j.  ;    cwt.  7  «. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  I'radc. 
DENYN,  Manu  acturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Koad,  Claptrn.  E. 


QARDEN   REQUISITES.— Slicks,  Labels, 


Virgin    Coik,     kalSr    Mat 

Worlc,   Manures,  &c.       Cheap 
WATSON  AVD  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Tha 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

J        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTlCULfURAL  WORK?,  MIDDLETON.  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greer.housea,  Pcaoh  Houses,  Forcing  Houses.  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

>eriei  lion  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  caiinot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work.     ; 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architeclurally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm.     | 
mm  ttie  smallest  10  me  large  t.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected    and  success  guaranteed 

11  all  .:ases.    Melou  Frames,  Sashes.  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock.  '  ' 

Plajis,  Eit,maiei  apid  Catalogues  trie.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  0/ ilti  Kingdom.  I 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been —  1 

Mf^DERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS.       j 


-'iWrif.l2I>l^  sa> 
palm  beioie  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  fir 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford.i 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

at  e.xtretuety  moderate  prices. 


Full  pritculats  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  Gdneral  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONSi 

(TWO    HUNDBEB    AND    FIFIY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  lOs.  ;   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels    of  not    less    than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in    London    only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundre(i  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please     send    me     "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"     for . 
commencing ,  for  zvhich  I  enclose  P. 0.0. - 


1885. 
_  Months, 


^i^~^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  OfBce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED     KINGDOM  :  —  12   Months,  £\   3^.  10;/.  ;    6  Months,  \is.  \\d.;    3  Months,  6j-.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  ts.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £\  Sj.  zd. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


414 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  26,  1883. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lttu  ctuireeil  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

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15  Lines. ..;Jo     8 

16 

17 

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19 

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21 

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23 

24 

25 


o  9 
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O  I  I 
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.ND   SIXPENCE    FOR    BVEKV    ADDITIONAL    LINK. 

t  across  columns,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  30J. 

Page  -6900 

Half  Page 500 

Column       350 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  II-  td..  and  6./.   for  every  additional  Ime 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
agaittst  liar'ing  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
alt  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  51.  each  insertion. 
Advertisements  for  the  current   week   MUST   reach  the  Office 
by  Thursday  noon  ^ 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  (X  3s.  lOd. ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  (exceptinc   India  and   China) ;    includme    Postage, 

£1  6a.  (or  12  Months;    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be   made  payable   at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 

Pmblishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London,  W.C. 


BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.    465S) 
'•  LUDIATE"  WATCH,  has   obtained  the   Highest 

Award  of  a  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  Exblbltlon,  1886 

^"    £12  12s. 


SILVER, 

£5  5s. 


Tbe  "  Ludgate  Watch "  Is  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 


"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

•Te-vedcd  throughout  in  r,.Hcs-true  Chronometer  balance— 
adjusted  for  extremes  ivith  damp  and  dust-prooj  patent 
ring  b.jnd.  and  extended  barrel — massive  sterling  silver  dome 
cases  toith  crystal  glass  front,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch — 
Winds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the   ■  Ludgate  "  Watch  to  Swlss  and  American  [made 

in  imitation  •<(  and  sold  as  English)  and  lo  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  ihe  great  defects 
of  which  the  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt — is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MED  AL— (/«f  only  one  adjudgid  to  English  Watches. 

Tlte  ^Ludgate"  ts  of  better  rjuatity  and  i'a:ue  than  any 
£iQWatch  hitlurto  made.  The  '^  Ludgate"  is  tny  best  Lontlon 
make — strong,  handsome,  and  reliable— -will  stand  the  Itardest 
wear  and  rouglust  usage,  and  is  tlure/ore  the  best  watch  for 
Home,  Indian  and  Colonial  -wear  by  Gardeners  (No.  i,  large 
s'ze),  Workmen,  and  Artisans  (No.  2,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
Officers  and  Menin  H.M.  services.  Youths'  and  Boys'  {fio.  3, 
small),  -.mil  be  sent, free  and  safe  at  my  riji,  to  all  parts  of  Ihe 
-.oortd.  lor  £5  53.,  or  in  18-Carat  gold,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size)- 

A  leniittance  by  F.O  O-    Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three  Qjaiter  Plate  English  Watch  fori;5  5J.  in  Sliver, 
or  jCiz  125.  Ill  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgale"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
King.lcni.  Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  again.!.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  Book  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate 
English  Walches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  Majesty  ihe  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,   Ludgate  Hill,  E.C.  . 
And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.,  London. 

Consequent  upon  the  award  of  the  Gold  Medal,  the  demand, 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  Orders  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

liluslrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  i^z  to  i^ 500,  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewelleiy,  Clocks  (House.  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


strongly  r 


The  Laaics'  Gazette  of  Fash 
neatness,  durability,  and  appei 
:ommend  them   .  .  .  They  combine  every  1.  an  e  01  excel  ence. 

For  the  Autumn  and  Winter.    Warm  and  Durable. 

DEVONSHIRE   SERGE 

SAILOR   SUITS: 

viz..  Blou.e,  Kniil;=.bocke 
S.nglet,  Collar,  Badge,  Lat  y  .1 
:ni     Whistle,    strong     quali 

from  75.,  Carriage  Paid. 

Fit  and  satisfaction  guaraiite: 

or  money  reti'raed. 

Gills'  Naval  Costumes  >am^ 

I  Galatia  and  Jersey  S 


Ladii 


Dr. 


Serges.  Cashm 

and  Unierclolhing,  direct  from 
our  factories  at  astcnshing  low  -= 
piice.  Writeforlllustrated  Lists. 
Patterns  and  Meisurement  Forms  post/re 

The  Midland   Manufacturing    Company,   Dudley, 

Please  mention  this  paper- 

TURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKIES 

{IFISH  and  SCOTCH). 
"Jury  "  VVhiskev.  5  years  clj,  31.  6d.  bollle  ;  4-1.  dc.-en. 
"  SpeclalJury  ■'  \\h  skey,  7  year,  olj.  4s.  bottle  :  4S  .  dizen. 
"  Grand  Jury  "  Wniskey.;  '3  V^ars  old,  5..  botlle  :  6«  doz. 
So  confident  u  Mr.  Jury  or  ihe  excellence  f^f  hU  Whiskies  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  1 :  botile  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  i  art  of  the  United  KiipHrm  upcn  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    J  U  R  y ,    Belfast. 


SPECIALLY    CHEAP   GLASS. 

Fackim;  Cases  free  and  not  returnable. 
100  squares  Glass  at  the  following  Prices  In  Leeds  :— 

15-OZ.  2t-oz  310  squares  15  or.,  8  by  6, 

3!by8  foi 


'.  od. 


.  ad. 


All  Glass  packed  i 
Intending  purchaser 


131.  id. 

151.  or/. 

lis.  id 
lis.  id. 


,    34*.  or/. 
own  Warehou: 
rill  oblige  by  n 


or  250  squares,  8^  by  6i, 
2?o  squares,    9j    by   i\,   or 
170  scjuares.  9  by  7.!,  or  150 
squares,  ro  by  8,  for  los. 

Putty,  id.  per  lb.  :  Paint, 
ready  mi.xed,  in  i  lb.,  2  lb  , 
4  lb  ,  and  7  lb.  tins,  at  5,/- 
perlb.  Other  sizes  of  Glass 
quoted  for  on  applicition. 
Idom  any  breakage. 


-the: 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15,003   OF   THE    NOBILITV,    GeNTRV,    AND    ClHBGV. 

Is  extensively  used  tor  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Teslimonials,  Post-'ree. 


C  A  R  S  O  N'S, 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL. 
LONDDN,  E.C.  ; 
21  and  2z,  B.\CHELOR'S  WALK,  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cjsh. 


105,000  Accidents, 
For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds,  li'io.oza  ;  Premium  Income,  £1235,000 
Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farqubar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E  C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


WANTED,  a  thorouohly  qualified  WORK- 
ING HEAD  GARDENER,  where  two  or  three 
Under  Gardeners  are  kept.  Must  be  thorou^h'y  up  in  Fore  ng. 
Fiuii,  Flowers,  &c  ,  and  must  understand  the  Dis,)Osal  of 
Surplus  Fruit,  &c.  Man  without  family  pre  erred.  W.ages  sys. 
per  week  and  house  free. — 127,  Advertiser  Office,  Oswestry. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER  and  WIFE. 
The  Wife  as  good  Cook  and  to  lake  care  of  House  in 
Family'  absence :  the  Gardener  10  attend  to  Gardens  and 
Lawns  and  pump 
length  of  prior  5111 


Single-handed  Gardener. 
TXTANTED,    a    young    MAN    who    has    a 

•  »        knowledge  of  Fruit  Growing  under  Glass.— Stale  age 
and  experience  to  ROBERT  LORA.M,  Wistaria,  Exeter. 

WANTED,  a  strong  UNDER  GAR- 
DE.SER,  competent  to  undertake  Kitchen  Garden, 
Cucumber  House,  and  assist  in  the  Houses  under  Foreman. 
Wages  i3r.,  gis.  coal  (milk  and  vegetables  when  convenient)  ; 
five  ill  boihy  on  Ihe  premises. — App  y  by  letter,  stating  age  and 
height,  with  full  particulars  of  former  situa-.ion,  to  THOS. 
CHRISTY,  F.L-S..  Malvern  House,  Sydenham,  Kent. 


WANTED,  by  October  ii,  a  married  man, 
as  WORKING  FOREMAN,  who  is  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  Nursery  Woik,  good  Propagator,  and  a  good  hand 
a-  Budding  and  Grafting.  Vinery  and  Forcing  Pit,  &c.,  to 
attend  to.  Must  be  steady.  Good  character  indispensable. 
Wages  205.  per  week.  Cottage  and  garden  found.  —  A. 
DUCKERING  and  SONS,  Nurseiymen.  S:c.,  East  Ba  kwiih, 
Wragby,  Lincolnshire. 


WANTED,  a  Handy  Man,  as  UNDER 
GARDENER.  Wages  21s.  per  week. -Address, 
stating  full  particulars,  J.  C,  Howard's  Printing  Office, 
Sydenhim,  S.E. 

WANTED,  a  young  man,  as  INDOOR 
PRO  PAG.\T0R.  Mu.t  be  competent  in  the  Growing 
of  General  Nursery  Stock— Apply,  slating  age,  salary  (with 
bothv).  and  expeiience.  ti  C.  DALY  and  SON,  or  t  >  D.  C. 
ANDREW,  Manager,  'Ihe  Nurseries,  Coleraine,  Ireland. 

Propagator  Wanted  (Indoor). 

W ANTED,  a  steady  and  industrious  man, 
as  PROPAGATOR,  in  the  Houses.  Must  be  a  suc- 
cessful Grower  of  Clematis,  Pot  Roses,  and  Soft-wooded  Stuff. 
—  Apply,  stating  age,  where  last  or  now  employed,  wages 
expected,  &c,  to  JOHN  JECFERIES  andSON,  Cirencester. 


WANTED,  a  good  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER,  used  to  Market  Woik.  A  man  of 
energy,  ability,  and  good  character.  Wages  301.  Also  a 
SECOND  HAND.  Wages  20s.— ALPHA,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Offi;e,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Rose  Grower  and  Propagator. 

WANTED,  an  expert  GRAFTER  under 
Glass,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Budding  and  of 
Forcing  Blooms  for  Market,  and  be  able  to  execute  Orders 
ex,)editiously.  Good  references  expected. —State  full  particu- 
lars, age.  and  wages  required,  to  H.  BENNETT,  Pedigree. 
Rose  Nursery,  Shcpperton.  Middlesex. 


WANTED,  a  good  PLANTSMAN  and 
PRdPAG.ITOR  lor  the  Glass  Department.  Single 
man,  of  chaiacter  md  ability.  Wages  25J.  per  week  to  begin 
with— Messrs.  SHAW  and  CO.,  Stamford  Nursery,  Bowdeo, 
Cheshire. 


Plant  Grower  for  Market. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.  are  in  WANT  of 
an  experienced  GROWER  of  Plants  and  Flowers  for 
Market.  A  first-class  active  man  wjuld  have  every  encourage- 
ment.—Application  by  letter  10  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

WANTED,  for  a  Small  Nursery,  a  single 
young  MAN.  Must  be  experienced  in  the  Propaga- 
tion of  Plant?,  both  Indoor  and  Out.  and  an  expert  Budder  and 
Grafter  A  bothy  provided. — Apply,  stating  age,  wages,  refer- 
ences, &c  ,  to  SouLh  Hants  Nursery  iLf  tablishment.  Ringwood. 


WANTED,  a  good  active  MAN,  to  take 
charge  of  Small  Nursery,  Shrubs  and  Plants -one 
who  can  ^et  up  Bouquets  or  other  Flowers,  and  lake  sole 
charge  of  men  if  required.  —  Letters  only  stating  wages, 
R.  WEBB,  Nursery.  Stiaftesbtity  Road,  London.  N. 


WANTED,  a  middle-aged  man,  as  COW- 
MAN and  GARDENER.  Must  thoroughly  under- 
stand his  duties,  and  have  good  lefercnces. — L.  P.,  8,  Ansiey 
Road,  Loughborough,  London,  S.E. 


XT/'ANTED,   a   youns^    man,   as   GARDEN 

»  V  LABOURER,  to  Work  in  Pleasure  Grounds.  One 
who  can  use  Scythe,  and  do  what  may  be  required  of  him. 
W.-ges  i8r.  per  week  Good  character  indispensable. — 
T.  PLEDGER,  The  Gardens,  Wondcote  Houe,  Hpsom. 


Seed  Trade.  • 

WANTED  (ScotlantJ),  a  SHOPMAN,  with 
a  good  general  knowiedge,  and  capable  to  take  charge 
in  absence  of  principal. — All  particulars  to  B.  Y,,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

Assistant  Shopman 

SAMUEL  VATES  has  an  OPENING  for  an 
experienced  MAN.  An  Englishman  of  good  address. 
accustoEued  to  a  Retail  Counter,  preferred.  Address,  stating 
age.  where  previously  employed,  and  salary  required,  16  and  18, 
Old  Millgate.  Manchester. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hamls  it  may  Jail  from  ?tegotiati)ig  it. 

N.B. — The  best  and  safest  jneans  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "Paste  Restante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  Jorwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  retiulrlng  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIKFS.  <r  GARDENKKS. 

TAMES    CARTER    and   CO.   liave   at    all 

fJ  limes  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Mts>rs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  shou'd  be  made  to  237  and  23S,  High  Holborn.  W.C. 


rpo     LANDED    PROPRIETORS, 

X      McIntvke  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now 

&c.— A. 

it  liberty  to 

undertake   Formation  and    Hanting  of  New  Girde 

n  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  GirdenS-     Plan 

s  prepared. 

115,  Listna  fa.k.  Stamford  Hill,  N 

J 


Gardeners.  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 
AMES  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton' 


RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respscahiliiy  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business. — Full  paiticulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers.  &c  ,  on  application. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

-John  Downie.  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
bureh.  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
Eupp'y  full  pirliculars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competeat  Gardener. 


September  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


415 


R 


ICHARD     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg   to  announce    that    they   are    constantly    receiving 
applications    from    Gardeners,    seeltina    situations,     and     ihat 
they   Mill    be    able 
particulars.  &c.-    " 

ARlyElo:R^HEAD),  o^^WINTER 
GARDEM  or  NURSERY  MANAGER.  —  Married, 
age  .^9,  no  family;  has  had  great  experience  in  every  de- 
partment of  Gardening.  Excellent  testimonials  from  the  age 
of  r4,  when  a  pupil  in  the  gardens,  Kenfield  Hall,  Canterbury. 
Posiiions  held  since  are  the  following  :—  Head  Foreman, 
Maiqiii^  of  Downshire.  tasthampstead  Park  ;  Head  Gardener, 
Belmont,  Lee,  Kent  ;  Manager,  Soulhbourne  Winter  Gardens, 
Bournemouth.  A  place  preferred  where  the  profession  is  carried 
out  thoroughly  in  all  branches  Kent,  Surrey,  or  Sussex  pre- 
ferred — W.  BAILEY,  18,  Firs  Glen,  Bournemouih,  Hants. 

ARDENER  (Head),— Age  32,  married.— 

Charles  Hill,  Esq.,  Clevedon  Hall,  Somerset,  can 
recommed  a  fi^^t. class  Gaideoer— an  hjnest,  respectable,  and 
t.us:worihyman. ____^^ 

C:i  ARDENER  (Head),  with  twoorthreeunder 
-^  him  ;  aged  35. — A  Lady  desires  to  find  a  place  for  a 
man  as  above.  Underslaids  Vines  and  Forciog.  Nioe  years 
in  la;  t  place.  Southern  couoties  preferred. — Mrs.  SEYMOUR, 
Knoyle  House,  Salisbury. 

ARDENER  (Head);    age  35,   married,— 

A.  Pettigrew.  Gardener.  Cardiff  Casil?,  wishes  to 
recommead  a  thoroughly  practical  man  in  all  branches  of  Gar- 
dening ;  understands  the  Management  of  Land  and  Stack. — 
For  further  particul  irs  address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  39,  married; 
thoroughly  practical  and  well  qu.iliried  to  Manage  a  first- 
class  establishment  ;  also  Woods  and  Nursery.  Excel  em 
tesiimonials  for  the  past  twenty-five  years  — S.,  24,  Furze  Road, 
Thornton  Heath, 

GARDENER  (Head),  on  a  first-class  estate  ; 
any  time  after  October. — Age  32;  seventeen  years' 
practical  experience  in  ihe  profession.  Wages  about  C^o  a 
year  with  house,  &c.— E.  C,  4,  Suuningdale  V.llis,  Foskett 
Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  not  less  than 
two  are  kept. —Age  39.  single:  can  be  thoroughly  re- 
commended as  to  ability  and  character.  Experienced  in  Fruit, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  all  Outdoor  work.— C. 
CLARKE,  Thursley,  Godalming,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (He.\d).— Age  31,  no  encum- 

brance.  Sixteen  years'  first-class  general  experience,  in- 
cluding Management  of  a  good  all-round  establishment. 
Thoroughly  painstaking,  energetic,  and  trustworthy.  Character 
aud    competency    open    to    strict    investigation. — S.    W.     F., 


.  Pin 


,  Middle 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  36.—H.  W. 
Ward,  Head  Gardener  to  the  Kipht  Hon.  the  Earl  of 
Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbuiy.  will  be  pleased  to  recom- 
mend a  first-rate  all-iound  English  Gardener,  of  irreproachable 
character,  and  who  has  had  exoerience  in  some  of  the  best 
p'aces  in  England  and  Ireland,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  really  good  man.     Eight  years  as 

ARDENER  (Head   Working).— Twenty 

years'  experience ;  good  in  all  branches.  Wife  and 
daughter  first-class  Laundresses,  or  Poultry —GARDENER, 
2,  Craven  Cottages,  Ma>bro'  Road  North,  Hammersmiih,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
or  more  are  kept.  —  Ma-ried  :  thoroughly  experienced  in 
Ferns,  Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening  ; 
Good  character;  abstainer.— W.  E.,  84,  Burnthwaite  Road, 
Walham  Green,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  36; 

married,  two  children  (youngest  aged  ten  years).  Four- 
teen years'  good  practical  experience  as  Head.  Satisfactory 
reasons  for  leaving.  Good  references.—GARDENER,  Wood 
lands.  Nightingale  Lane,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32  ; 
thoroughly  understands  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucum- 
bers, Ferns,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardening.  Sixteen  years'  experience,  seven  in  present  situa- 
tion.—G.  T.,  The  Lodge,  Park  Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  42  ; 

married,  no  family  ;  twenty-five  years'  practical  experi- 
ence in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Satisfactory  references. 
—J.  WESTACOrT.'Poitland  Place,  Barbican  Road,  Barn- 
staple.        ____^ _^ 

G^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
there  would  be  work  and  scope  for  one  or  two  assistants. 
— Age  30,  single  ;  highly  recommended  fo'  industry  and  ability 
in  all  branches  of  gardening. — R.  J  ,  Haze  Cottages,  Kenley, 
Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  more  are  kept. — Age  33  ;  seventeen  years' 
experience  in  all  branches.  Excellent  character.  Reducmg 
establishment  cause  ol  leaving.— W.  W.,  The  Lodge,  Manor 
House,  Lechlade,  Glouce%tershire. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  28  ; 
thoroughly  experitnced  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Eaily  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegitjibles  ; 
thoroughly  understands  Orchids,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Planls,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Highly  recommended 
from  last  and  previous  employers.— E.  VAkNEY,  Chackmore, 
Buckingham.        


GARDENER  (He.\d  Working);  age  31, 
married.-Lreut, -General  Marshall  w.tl  betl  =  asedto 
recommend  his  Gardener  as  abave.  He  has  Inci  with  him  five 
years  and  has  a  ihorouah  practical  kno*leige  of  the  profession. 
—JOHN  THOMAS.  The  Gardens,  Broa  water.  Godalmi  ig. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working,   or    good 

Single-handed).— Age  27,  single  :  tharouehly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  First-class  references.- WHIDLiON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exmiuth,  Devon. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FOKE- 

MAN:  Gentleman's  estate.— Age  25.  single  ;  well  up  in 
Stove  Plants,  Fruit,  Forcing,  and  all  branches  of  Gardening. 
Good  character.— J.  PILCHER,  84,  Ringford  Road,  West 
Hill,  Wandsworth,  Surrey 


To  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  or  Head  Gardeners. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE- 
MAN.-Age  .-4,  single;  eleven  veirs'  practical  experi- 
ence. Two  years'  reference. -G.  HoWES,  Hornchurch, 
Romford. 


GARDENER.— Married,  age  31  ;  thoroughly 
experienced  in  Stove  and  Greeenhouse  Plants,  Vines. 
Peaches,  Melons.  Flowerand  Kilchen  Gardens,  &c.  Excellent 
character.- D.  DAWSON,  Thrigby    Great  Yarmouth. 


C ^ARDENER,  where  two  or  more  are  kept. 
'  Accustomed  to  Glass,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens. 
Has  been  all  his  life  Gardening.  Good  character  from  previous 
pbces.  Three  and  a  half  years  at  Ashlyns,  Gteat  Beikhamstead 
(present  situation)  ;  onlv  leaving  owing  to  change  of  residence 
of  family.-O.  GILBERT,  Adjlvns  lodge,  Great  Berkham 
.stead       Further  references  to  F.  W    Lor.gman,  E-q.,  Ashlyns. 


GARDENER  ;  age  40.— Mr.  Chard,  over 
twenty-five  yeais  Gardener  to  Sir  Frederick  Bathurst, 
Clarendon  Pyk,  Salrsbury,  has  much  pleasure  in  recommending 
Charles  Edwards  as  a  thorough  practical  Gardener  to  any  Lady 
or  Gentleman  requiring  a  trustworthy  man.  Eight  years  Head 
Gaidener  in  last  situation,  and  left  through  the  death  of  the 
Gentleman.  Highestreferences.-Mr.  J.  W.  CHARD,  Spring- 
field Nursery,  tc|6,  Wandsworth  Road,  London,  S  W. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed).— Age  23  ; 
the  Rev.  William  f  inclaik  desires  to  recommend  an 
experienced  and  trustworthy  young  man.  Wiltshire  or  Glouces. 
tershire  preferred.  Excellent  references.  —  St.  Stephen's 
Vicarage,  Westminster,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (good  SINGLE-HANDED),  or 
FOREMAN  ;  age  ::?,  single. -A  Gentleman  is  desirous 
of  recommending  his  Gardener  ai  above,  one  who  thoroughly 
understands  ih?  Management  of  a  1  Glasshouses  and  all  Propa- 
gatiin  and  Garden  Work  in  all  blanches.— E.  J.,  10,  Lines 
Koad,  Beckenham,  Kent. 


GARDENER    (Second).— Age     22  ;    three 
years'   good   character.  — F.  G.,    32,  Temperley    Road, 
Balharo,  S.W. 

ARDENER   (Under),   Indoors   and  Out, 

in  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age  24;  good  character. — 
H    S.  H.,  2,  Rudlof  Road,  Kilbiun  Pjik.  London,  N.W. 

ARDENER    (Under).— Age    21  ;    under- 

stands  both  Tbwer  and  Kitchen  Garden,  wrlh  a  know- 
ledge of  ihe  Houses.  Can  be  recommended  from  Head  Gardener 
in  present  employ.-W,  SIMS,  Mr.  H.  Bulk,  Sunninghill 
Vdlage,  Berks. 


Tj^OREMAN.  — Mr.    Landon,     Pool 

-L        New  Ferry.  Biikenhead,  can  confidently  recom 

Bank, 

mend  his 

thoroughly  practical  and  irustworihy. 

FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR,  or 
GROWER.  — .Age  33;  seventeen  years' practical  experi- 
ence in  Wrealhs,  Crosses.  Bouquets,  Cut  Flower  and  Plant 
Trade,  also  Grapes,  Cucumbers.  Tomatos,  &c.  Good  refer- 
ences —FLORIST.  Park  Road,  Ayleston  Park,  Leicester. 

FOREMAN,  or  SECOND;  age  23.— 1  can 
with  confidence  recommend  Herbert  D  x  as  above,  who 
has  been  wiih  me  nearly  five  years.     Nine  \e, 
GARDENER,  Henley  Hall,  Ludlow.  Salop. 


FOREMAN  or  SECOND,  in  a  good  eslab- 
lithment.  —  Age  27  ;  trustworthy  and  industnou--. 
Seventeen  months  as  Indoor  Foreman  in  last  place.  Excellent 
references.— E.  WARREN,  Slis  ed.  Biaintree.  Essex 

OREMAN  PROPAGATOR.— Long experi- 

ence  :  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers, 
Plants.  Market  or  otherwise.  Good  references  — T.  H.,  85, 
Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn  f.rove.  Penge,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Growers. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  (Indoors),  or 
MANAGEMENT  of  Nursery  where  H.P.  and  Tea 
Roses,  Clematis,  Rhododendrons.  Bouvardias,  &c.,  are  required 
in  quantity  for  a  Wholesale  or  Retail  Trade.— Age  28,  married; 
good  at  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  Twelve  years'  experience  in 
leading  firms.  Excellent  characters.— Apply,  stating  wages, 
to  A.  B.,  Langton  Green,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 


MANAGER  in  Nursery,  or  FRUIT  and 
PLANT  GROWER  for  Market.— Experienced  ;  now 
in  charge  of  a  large  establishment  ;  good  references  — 
FLORIST,     Gardeners'     Chronicle     Office,    ^t,    Wellington 


,  Strand,  W.C. 


M 


To  Nurserymen. 
ANAGER  (Under),  in  a  Nursery.— Has 

had  nine  years'  experience  in  the  Nursery  Trade.  Has 
a  good  knowledge  of  Seeds  and  Bulbs,  and  could  take  a 
journey —R.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Ofiice,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Sirand,  W.C. 

NURSERY  FDREMAN,  &c.  — Thorough 
Salesman  and  Propagator;  good  at  Bouquets,  Wreaths, 
&C.;  exceptional  knowledge  of  Hardy  Plants.  Good  references. 
Could  take  a  jaurney.— E.  JENKINS,  Woodstock  Cottage, 
Leckhampton,  Cheltenham. 


G 


To  Market  Florists.  &c. 
ROWER. — Good  testimonials  ;  eight  years' 

experience.  — A.    M.,     19,    Liquorpond    Street,    Boston, 


rOURNEYMAN,  in   the   Houses.— Age   21  ; 

^  two  years  in  present  place  G  rod  reference.  —  D 
CRACKNtLL.  Cannon  Hall  Gardens.  Barnsley.  Yo.k-. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age   24; 

'-^  has  had  good  expjiience  under  Glass.  Four  years'  and 
six  years'  good  character.  —  F.  TJWNSEND.  Bloxham, 
Banbury,  Ox'ordshire. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment  ; 

*-'  age  2t.— W,  BuGf.iNS,  The  Gardens,  Woodlands  Castle, 
Clonsilla,  Dublin,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend  a 
young  man  as  above  ;  has  served  in  these  gardens  for  the  past 
four  years.  


JOURNEYMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  22  ; 
^  eighteen  months'  excellent  character  in  present  and  six  years' 
in  previous  situation.— W.  CASTLE,  The  Gardens,  Bouiiie 
Park,  Canterbury. 


APPRENTICE.— Wanted   to  Apprentice   a 
youih  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  garden.    Premium 
given. -J.  MATTHEWS,  Spellis.  Worcester. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  w.inted  in 
a  large  Nursery,  where  Plants  and  Cut  Blooms  are  Grown 
in  large  quantities.  No  objection  to  fires.  Good  references  — 
C   J  ,  Welllirook  Nursery,  Farnborough,  Kent. 

TO  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 
GARDENERS.-A  young  man  (age  23),  wishes  to  im - 
prove  himself.  Three  years'  good  character  from  the  situation 
just  left.  A  small  Premium  given.-N. SUTTON,  Rose  Bmk, 
Lower  WiUingdon.  Sussex. 

TO  GARDENERS.— ARector  recommends 
a  very  steady  lad  (age  16)  for  the  Gatden,  under 
a  Head  Gardener.  Has  been  three  years  under  a  Nurseryman. 
—  Fulbouriie  Rectory,  Cambridge. 

npO    NURSERYMEN,  &c.— A  young   Man 

-*■  (age  iq)  requires  a  liluation  in  a  Nursery.  Wi  ling  and 
obliging.  Been  used  to  the  General  Work.  Good  character.— 
T.  SAUNDERS,  19,  Ceylon  Ro.td,  Kensington.  W. 

TO    HEAD    GARDENERS.  — Wanted,   to 
pi  ice  a  lad  (ige  i^  under  the  above      No  tbj  rction  to  a 
small  Premium.-T.  SURMAN,  Aberla.h.  So  ining.  Reading. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen.  &o. 
'FRAVELLER.— Wanted,    a    situation    by   a 

-L  tall,  active  man  (age  26).  Has  excellent  relerences  frrim 
previous  employers.  Has  h.id  a  thorough  insight  into  GarCen- 
ing,  also  knows  a  little  of  the  Seed  Trade.  Good  knowlelgcof 
the  North  of  England,  and  is  well-known  there.  Would  be 
satisfied  with  a  moderate  salary  at  commincement. — C.  J  , 
CarAwrj' C//>-a«;.-/c  Office.  4  r,Wellingnn  Street,  Strand,  WC. 

MANAGER,  TRAVELLER,  &c.,  in  Seed 
or  Nursery  Business,  — Thirty  years'  txpetience. — 
JAS.  R.  CARAWAY  (late  firm  of  Jas.  Caraway  &  Co.), 
Clifton.  Bristol. 

QHOPMAN    (He.ad),     or    MANAGER. -A 

k_?  man  of  thorough  business  experience,  acquired  during  a 
tweniy-seven  years'  practice  in  first-class  London  and  Provincia 
Houses,  past  fifteen  years  of  which  in  above  capacilie*,  is  open 
t)  re-eng3genient.  An  efficient  Correspondent,  and  wtli  verged 
m  Plants.  References  assuredly  satisfactory.— H.  W.,  i8 -, 
Lambeth  Koad,  London,  S  E. 


SHOPMAN  (Head).— Advertiser  is  desirous 
of  a  re-engagement  in  ihe  above  capicity  ;  has  long  af.d 
satisfactory  discharges  and  a  thorough  koowkd^e  of  all  de- 
partments of  the  trade.— Address,  with  terms,  G.  M.,  Mowbray 
Road,  Sunderland. 


SHOPMAN.— Age  26  ;   first-class  references. 
Varied    experience.      Open    to   engagement.  —  A    P.  (.1., 
13    Vicarage  Street,  Huntingdon  Street.  Nottingham. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  2S  ;  twelve  years' experi- 
ence with  one  of  the  best  finns  m  the  trade.  Advertiser 
being  possessed  of  capital  wjuld  prefer  a  situation  where  a 
Partnership  might  be  obtained  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  two. — 
S.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son.  i  S2    Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


a  HOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  27  ;  eleven 

O  years'  experience  m  all  branches.  First-class  reference. 
—  E.  F.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4e,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,— Advertiser 
has  five  and  a  half  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of 
the  S«ed  and  Nursery  Trade.  First-class  references  — C, 
7,  Station  Terrace,  North  End,  Croydon. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21  ;  si.x 
year^'  experience.     Good  reference — J.  S.,  Thos.  Itnrie 
&  Sons,  Ayr,  N.B. 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,    or    ASSISTANT.  — Age    21  ; 
four  years' experience.     Good  references.~M.  K..  Dick- 
sons  &  Co.,  I.  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh. 


.iHOPMAN,     or     ASSISTANT.  —  Careftil 

ears'  experience.     Well  up 
Knowledge  of  Nursery 
Glasgow. 


k_7  expert  Counter-hand  :  elev 
in  all  departments  of  the  Seed  T 
Stock  —A.  M..  16,  Elmgrove  Pli 


SHOPMAN  (ASSISTANT),  or  WARE- 
HOUSEMAN in  a  good  houie.-A  young  man  with 
eight  )  ears'  experience  in  the  trade,  is  open  to  e  igagement  as 
above.  Can  be  highly  recommended.— State  terms  to  O.  K.. 
9,  Ryall  Street.  Salfjrd. 

SHOPMAN  (Junior).  —  Advertiser  havin 
lecenily  completed  a  term  of  apprenticeship  with  ai 
established,  leading  provincial  firm,  seeksiiiuation  as  Assi 
Ctnvcrsant  with  Seed  Business  in  its  several  departn 
Some  knowledfie  of  Planls.  Highest  references.— J.  H, 
F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  The  Mjeen's  Seedsmen,  Chester 


s 


HOPMAN,     or     SECOND     COUNTER- 

HAND.-Eight  years' experience  at  Counter  work,  well 
up  in  ihe  Retail  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade  ;  will  be  strongly  tecum 
nunded.  — D.  C,  36,  West  Howard  Slrett,  G  afgow. 

CARMAN,  &c.,  in  a  Nursery. — Age  20  ;  good 
leference.  — R.  B.,    9.    Devonshire   Place,    Child's    Hdl, 
Hendon,  N.W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— With thedarkening 
days  and  changing  temperaiurts  thedi^estion  bec.rnca 
impaired,  the  livfr  disordered,  and  the  mind  despondent  unle.ss 
the  cause  of  the  irregularity  be  exotl  td  from  the  b'o  d  and 
body  by  an  a'terative  like  the>e  Piih.  They  g  3  direcily  to  the 
source  of  ihe  evil,  thrust  out  all  impuri  ies  f.om  the  circulation, 
reduce  distempered  organs  to  the  natural  state,  and  cjireci  a  1 
defective  and  contaminited  secretions.  Such  easy  means  of 
inslirutmg  health,  strength,  and  cheerfulness  should  be  in  the 
p)ssession  of  all  whjse  stomachs  are  weak,  whose  minds  are 
much  harassed,  or  whose  brains  are  overworked.  Holloway's  is 
es&entially  a  blood-tempermg  medicine,  whereby  its  influence, 
reaching  the  remotest  fibres  of  the  frame,  effects  a  uaiverEal  good. 


4i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEPTEMnER   26,    1885. 


THE     LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE  I  Dmil  TQU   o  pAUl     NORWICH. 
HOT-WATER   APPARATUS.         DUULIUW  &  rHUL,  WUnwiun. 

SMALL,    HANDY,    LEAN-TO    FBAMES. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preservine  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{,Re£isttrrd  Trade  Mitrk) 


Pr:,-.. 


|i---li»ered(reet 

J  [lis  is  the  -iimplest,  cheapest,  and  most  poweilul  apparaliw 
mij.;.  It  requite,  no  bnclt  setiing,  no  stokeli  lie,  and  no  h.-l- 
w,iicr  filler  lor  fixinc.  The  B.jiler  stand*  in  the  Gie=nhnuse, 
tne  Iront  ndy  beinj  outside  and  flush  with  the  otiier  wall,  so 
ihit  the  .hole  ol  ihehe.tt  fiom  the  boiler  itsel.  is  ulili~fd. 

It  hums  ever  12  hiurs  wuhout  attention  at  a  nominal  cos'. 

'  I-,iuphhorough  "  Boi'ers  to  heat  up  to  65J  (eel  of  4- nch 
pipe,  with  hot-water  pipe  joints,  &c.,  always  111  stock. 
Co,t  of  Apparatus  CO.VIPLETE  for  Greenhousts  as  below  :  — 
iohy6fi..;£,  14  o|  i.^bygft.  /5  10  8  I  115  by  ij  ft.,  ^6  16  8 
w  liy  8  ft,,  5  1  o  1  ^Mby  loft  ,6  o  o  |  4  1  by  16  ft..  la  12  4 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.  Estimates  on  applic^tioi'. 
'J  he  measurement  of  tireenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 
IS  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  lor  fixing. 
lUu.tralcd  Liil.  ■..■Hh/ull  farliculars,  foil  f,el. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

HorlicuUur.-il  Builcdeis  and  Hot-w,i(erEngineers, 

''s'^'J'elE'c"'!  LONDON    BRIDGE. 

4-incH  EXe'ANSION-JOINT  HOT- WATER 

PIPES,     \s.    sd.    per    yaid  :    j-ii^ch    and 
2  inch     less.    Common    SOL  K  tT    kinds, 
I.l'B-  stock  k-pt.     CCIII,,   FIN^BUKY, 
1  9  if     and  ECONOMIC  lidll.RR.'^,  &c. 

*"-*'®T*^''^  lllusiratrated   LISTS  and  P,ice<,   a'bo 

»**"  Fsllmales  to  Plan  free. 

HENRY  ROBINSON,  Slewkins  Pipe  W,  iks.  Stouibridge. 
August   24,    1S8; -Burton-on-Trent  customer  sates,    '    I  he 
biiler  and  fitiings  I  got  from  you  three  or  four  jears  ago  nave 
answered  well." 

Another  says  :— '*  Kindly  send  me  an  estimate  for  small  Heal- 
ing Apparaliisof  same  kin.l  asihe  three  alieajy  supplied  to  me 
I,iille..ver.  Delbv.  AuiMisl  2S    tSS; 


21-OZ.  Foreien  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  .11  d  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  lu  stock- 

A  L-upe  stock  of  similar  cuirent  sizes  of  15-OZ  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORQE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERtH^M": 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London   E  C 

ELEVEN  SILVER 


OHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 


TOH 
f  >     w 


COTTA  VASE>,  FoU.MTAlNS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS. 
BORDER  TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality, 
from  I  10  30  inches  diameter,  stand  the  Irost,  and  seldom  turn 
green:  OkCHlD     FEUN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING  PANS, 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO.. 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    EOW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W^^ 


£i  103  6d  k  ne  33    a  d   n 

THRl'F       GHl  I-K      IF    ag              n    d     9     e   by  4  fw. 
£3 

h    h  op               p    p                wn,    price 

£3  10s     I  4      a         d                           < 

No.  75.- Melon  and  Cucumber  Frame. 


REDUCED  CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Paid. 

Sije.  1  eigih.        Widih.  P.ice.     Packing  Case. 

Nt.  2      ..      £  feet      ..      6ltel      ..    /^t     5     o      ..      4J.  6,/. 

No.  3     ..    izlcet     ..     6  feet     .         4  11     6     ..     51.  0.1'. 

No.  4     ..    16  feet     ..     6  feet     ..       600     ..     sf.  6rf. 

Depih    in  Iront    13  inches,  back    24  inches,    lighw  2  ii.ches 

thick,  Mtengthenert  with  iron  rod.     One  handle  to'each   light. 

Lights  only,  6  feet  by  4  feet,  ungiazed  and  unpainted.  6s.  each. 

Glazed  wilh  2  1-07.  sheet  glass  and  painted  4  coats,  16s.  each. 

Tbe  Frames  carriase  paid  to  any   Railway  Station  in  Eng- 
land  and    Wales;    also  10   Edinburgh,  Glasgow,    Dublin   and 

Belfast.  

Price  Liit p'.st-frte.      lUustrated Catah^es  I2  stamp;, 

DAV  ID       LOWE     &     SONS, 

HOR  TICUL  TURA  L    B  UILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBROOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans   and    Estim-itcs    on  application   for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames    and    Sashes    in    Stoci. 

C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich. 


SfA.N.kuiil-  GREENHOUSES  made  in  Lights,  glaz.-d 
with  21-02.  glass,  and  piinted  three  coats  of  good  oil  colour. 
Tenants'  Fixiures.  12  by  8  feat.  £73  i»i.  For  Brickwork, 
Zio  17*.  Carnage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England 
and  Wales,  also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 
Illustrated  Catalogues,  post-free  two  penny  sumps. 


W,    H.    LASCELLES    ami    <.:0.    uill    give   e 
every  desciipiion   of    HORTICULTURAL   WOKK.  fit 
ch.»ree.  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  vatiou 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

■  21,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside.  F.C 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhou>es,  an 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  palhs,  and  stage; 
sei.t  posf.free  on  application. 


''■'   ^^>-;r-.-r-^_    ~ 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    tiesire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to   their    Cucumber     Frames, 
of  which  ihey  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      '1  hey  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  laken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  sution  in  England  :—       {,  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    S  feet  by  6  feet  I    p,^v;_-     I       3  l"    ° 
3-lightframe,  .2feetby6fee4(r»^\„2„j       5     5     o 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet}  \     10    o    o 

The  gLass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pit-  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  andCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Honicultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchfsler. 


^•L^ftSSHOUSES  8<»EAT-mG> 


B-W-WA-Rl^U-RST 


-^SlA.  BKAOTORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.~ 
^>»^-^in   r   n   n 


This\ARNISH  is  in  excellent  subsiitule  for  oil  pan 
all  outdoor  work,  while  u  is  fuliy  two  thirds  cheaper  It 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Aoverlisets. 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  ui.princi 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale. 
may   be  applied  by  an  ordmary  laboui 


•  ihn 


and 


old.     It 


Winrtsor  l.asile,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Genlry. 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 
Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each. 
at  the  Manu'actory,  or  ts  &d.  per  gallon 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 


the 


,  the    grc 


UN 


D  Testm 


'•  PiirceKeld  Park,  Ju 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adorc-SS 
to  be  fil :ed  and  returned  with  as  good  V; 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  * 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Paik,  Chepstow. - 
specilullv.  \Vm.  Cox  ■■ 

CAL:T10N.-H\\.i.& 
igainst  the  1 


uch 


adv 


ised. 


irticte  of 


trade 


and  the 


Iruly  I 


nd  Regis 


Varnish  has  been  an 
of  the  large  estates  in  ihe  kingdo: 
anl  their  constantly  inci  easing 

y  very  ca:k  is  legibly  marked  - 

Trade  Mark  as  above,  wiihoul  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates  {tc,  sent  free  on  application  t 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Bri 
■  18,  Queen  Victoria  Streel 
Street,  Glasgow. 

Roshers  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
-._  — j_  in  materials  of  great  durabihiy.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  _,_ 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ' 
f.ARDENS,  as  ih.y  har- 
bmr  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   tittle    1 

further    labour  c 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,  consequ 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  s%c., 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  v 

K.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufaclurers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lUu.lrated  Price  LIS  TS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  HalLs,  Corridors,  Balconie',  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Patlern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wilh  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZtiD    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  o(  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Meichmts. 

See  Addresses  above. 

A 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  (ree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  cr  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.   ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above, 

N  B  —Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whatves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  i\d.  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6./. 
per  lb.,  or  42-r.  per  c*t,— B.  LAMB  and  CO..  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchai 


dryir 


icknall  Sue 


.  London,  WC. 


od  Decorators,  Sun* 


SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 

^e" _  -  This  Varnish   is   the   cheapest    and  bet 

.  /fc^,-^xi^m  covering  which  can  be  vised  lor  all  outd.H.r 
£/  SES"^''-  purpcses,  and  has  many  advantages  ever 
i'L^  -  --.i'j.'>.;     oil  paiut.     It  is  applied  cold,  and  may  ic 

Dp^T  T^I^-'t',  laid  on  by  any  farm  labourer  or  other  un- 
fri^EPAR-tlb,  skilled  person.  It  d.ies  quickly,  givng  a 
'  ■'  '  ard.  btiihant  polish,  and  loows  tqually  as 
ell  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  ihe  cost. 

FRfCE  in  Catks,  containing  not  less  than 

VOfclltCfr^'      o  callous,    delivered    fiee  at    most    railway 
V5in3^    stations  -.  -  Bc.t    prepared   Jet   or    Black, 
^HvinfflffTF^     IS.  6^  per  gallon. 
Catalogues  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing,  Gales 
Poultry  Fencing,  S;c  .  free  on  application. 

BAYLISS,    JONES,    k    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,  Cannon  street,  London,  E.G. 


^ns  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;■'  Adverlisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office   a-,  Wellington  Street   Coyent  Garden,  London    WC. 
UCHARDS   at  Ihe  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbi'rv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  .Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
3S,  at  the  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Sati-kdav,  September  26.  1S85. 
Agent  for  Manchester — John  Heywood. 


Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Me 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstablisfeeti  1841. 


No.  614.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sbr^L}       SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  3.  1885. 


{Registered  at  the  General  }       Price  6cl, 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jposT-FKEE,  s\d. 


CONTENTS. 


AruiT 


B:ittle  Abbey       ..  ..      423 

"  Flore  complete  de  la 

Belgique"..  ..      441 

Chrysanthemums,      early 

and    late    outdoor     for 

C'.itting 439 

Cleistagamous  flowers  of 

Hoya 43-1 

Country      growers      and 

Crocus  speciosus. .         ..      440 
Cypripedium  radis^um  ..     424 
Dahlia    show,     the    sug- 
gested Northern  ..      432 
Dcndrobium  Lowii  pleio- 

Kaliiig,  Acton,  and  Han- 
weli  Horiicultural  So- 
ciety       ..  -.434 

Eight  davs  in  the  garden 
of  England        ..  ..     428 

En'-cphalartos  Hilde- 
brandtii  ..  . ,  .,     434 


Growth  and  rest.. 
"Hortus  Floridus"       .. 
Hoyas,  fertilisation  of  . . 
Insects,  common   garden 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Leaves,  the  green  colora- 


ntoglo! 


tion  of 
Masdevatlia 
Montscrrat 
Nurserymen's        Mutual 

Hailstorm 

Society  .. 
Orchids,  cool 

.,    for 
Orchid  notes 
Pear  Conference  . 
Pescatorea  Kuckei 
Phylloxera  laws  . 
Pines    fruiting    it 


'  Plai 


ndthei 


ultun 


FIO! 


Primula  fari 
I  Proliferation  in  Ferns    . . 

Propagator,  the  , . 

Salvia  Greggii     .. 

Somerley  . .  . .  _  . ._ 
I  "  The  Arte  of  Gardening" 
I  Tokay  and  Foster's  Seed- 
j      ling  Grape 

Trees  and  shrubs.. 

Verbena,  the 
I  Weevil,  the  Bean., 

Weather,  the 
,  Wnolhope       Naturalists' 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Battle  Abbey,  rockery  at 


Masdevallia  leontoglo; 
Primula  farinosa   . . 

Weevil,  the  Bean  .. 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
J^/VE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly^  are  particularly  re- 
(juested  to  communicate  with  the  PublisJier^ 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

AOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE, 


Notice. 

B.  GOUBERT,  Kilburn  Nursery,  London, 

•     N.W.,  can  supply  the  Trade  with  the  finest  ^pemimen 
LATaNIAS  and  othtr  PALMS 
that  can  be  had  in  the  country.      Inspection  invited. 
Price  moderate. 


/'^(ARNATIONS    and    PICOTEES.— First- 

V>  class  Cultural  Certificate,  Manchester,  1885.  All  the 
finest  named  varieties  grown,  my  selection  for  caih.  ts.  per 
dozen.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 

R.  LORD.  Florist,  Holebottom,  Todmorden. 

PEARCE,  Florist,  Hayes,  Kent,  has  for 

Sale  a  quantity  of  NEAPOLITAN  VIOLETS— good, 
g,  and  well-established  Plants,  in  bloom.  Price  on  appli* 
1.     Remittance  with  order.     On  rail  free. 

APE     BULBS  — CAPE     BULBS. 

Capetown  Botanic  Gardens. 

[S  now  receivable  for  the  coming  ieason. 
cation.  Retail- Collections  only,  our  own 
Ct  upwards.  ED.  HUIT,  Sales  Dept. 


S. 


r^APE 

Trade    Ord: 


"VTEW    STRAWBERRIES.— Laxton's   King 

-i-^      of  the  Eailies  and  the  Captain. — These  steiting  novelties 
can  with  confidence  be  recommended.     200  trade  and  market 
firms  already  supplied.     Strong  runners  now  ready. 
T.  LAX  ION.  Seed  Grower,  Bedford. 


STRAWBERRIES.— The  New  Katliest, 
"Paui..e,"  Fiist-c'-iiS  Cetlificale,  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  and  all  the  best  sorts,  in  small  pots,  or  as  transplanted 
Runners. 

PAUL  AND  SON   The  "  Old  "  Nurseiies,  Cheshun*,  N. 

STRAWBERRIES.— Leadingsorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  polling  on  or  planting  out.     Low   prices  to  me 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  apphcauon. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHOKN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond, Surrey. 

LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY^RUNNERS 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants,  T,d.       Price  LIST  free. 
W.  LOVIlLandSON. 
Strawberry    Growers.     Driffield. 


Tbn  Sixpenny  Telegrams  on  and  after  October  1. 

PETER     LAWSON     and    SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,    respectfully     inform     Correspondents    that 
their    Registered    addie^s    for    Telegrams    from    all    parts    is 
■•LAWvOMS,  EIil.M'.UKGH." 


Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

CARTER,  LONDON,  has  been  the  Regis- 
tered Telegram  and  Cable  Address  of  James  Carter  &  Co. 
for  many  years,  and  all  communications  addressed  to  Carter, 
Londin,  by  this  means  are  delivered  to  James  Carter  &  Co., 

237  and  238,  High  Hclborn,  London,  W.C. 


Telegrams 

F&    A.     DICKSON     &     SONS, 
•  The  Queen's  SeedMu-n,  Chester, 

have  Registered  "  kELIANCE  "  (oartof  their  Trade  Marl) 
as  their  Address  for  Telegrams  fri  ni  any  part  of  the  World. 
Telephone  Coinmunicaiion  with  all  depattmenls  of  the'    ' 


Addre: 


■  RELIANCE,  CHESTER." 


CONFIDENCE     CHESTER    is    now    our 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address  for  Telegrams  from  all 
parts.  JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS 

ijDld  Establiihed  Nursery  and  Seed  Jlusinesi), 
CHESIER. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE.— 
The  above  is  now  read  y.  and  may  be  had  on  application. 
It  has  been  posted  to  all  our  Customers  ;  any  not  having 
received  a  Copy  will  oblige  by  letting  us  know.  Please  com- 
pare our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb   Merihants, 
13,  Exeter  Sueet,  Strand,  W.C. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,  Belgium,  offers 
to  the  Trade:— AZALEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

GREEN  HOLLIES.— The  present  isthe most 
favourable  time  for  transplanting  Hollies.  The  Subscribers 
offer  well  rooted  stuff:— 9  to  12  inches,  12J.  per  100.  .£5  per 
1000  :  12  to  IS  inches,  l&r.  per  100,  .^6  per  1000  :  15  to  18  inches, 
30J  per  too  ;  ^8  per  looo;  ij^  10  2  leet,  50*.  per  loa. 
JOHN  JEFFRIES  and  SON.  Royal  Nurseries,  Cirencester. 

PAUL'S  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  inviled,  before  purchasing, 
toinsnect  the  stock  at  ihe  Wall  ham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
frcm  London.  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  AND  SON.  Waltham  Cross. 


FOR  SALE,   a   Collection   of  Fruiting   and 
Succession  Pines,  clean    he.ilthy  Plants  cf  the  following 
kinds:- Smooih    Ciyenne,     IVaik    Jamaica,    t.'.     Rothschild, 
Prince  P  Ifred,  and  (Jueen.     A,  py  10 
AUiTIN  AND  McASLAN.  .6,  Buchanan  Street.  Glasgow. 

EXCHANGE       or      SALE,      Second-hand 
Upright  Tubular  BOILER   and    WATER    BARS,   m 
good  condition,  for  Maidenhair  FERNSand  Niphelos  ROSES. 
T.  WOOD,  Rudgeman  House.  Eastville,  Bristol. 

ANTED,    Seedling    AURICULAS,    any 

J.  MARSHALL,  Victoria  Nursery,  Chelmsford. 

Orchitis. 

WANTED,  regular  supply,  CUT  BLOOM, 
by  Kail  or  Parcel  Post. 
A.  DURKIN,  Florist,  74.  King's  Road,  Biijhton. 

ANTED,      SPURGE      LAURELS, 

1  '/i  to  2  feet,  and  2  to  3  feet.      State  price  per  100  or 


w 


per 


JOHN  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Cirencester. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  «,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.      Boxes,  baskets,  and  labels  supplied. 

NOTICE. —  WANTED,  EUCHARIS, 
Yellow  ROSES,  STEPHANOTIS.  TUBEROSES, 
BOUVARDIAS,  CARNATIONS,  and  other  Choice  Flowers, 
for  which  there  is  a  good  demand  now.— A.  HILL  and  CO., 
Floral  Commission  Agents,  52,  Hart  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W  C. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
LongMarket,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers. &c. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H         AN D         BARNHAM, 

giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
i  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


thu 

SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv, 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


''rWO   MOST   BEAUTIFUL   LILIES   from 

X  Japan,  one  red.  the  other  while  Good  PLints  full  of 
buds  ana  tlowers.  that  would  make  any  greenhouse  or  con- 
servatory gay,  2  guineas  per  dozen,  .^ii  lor  per  too. 

WILLIAM  BULL,  Establishment  lor  New  and  Rare 
Plants.  536    King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

ELLEBORUS      NIGER.  —  12,000    very 

large  Clumps,  fit  for  32*5  and  S4's  pots,  producing  from 
20  to  30  blooms,    los.  per  100.      Early    Orders  are  lespeclfully 


Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  Transpftinting.  Prices  are  low.  Early  orders 
solicited  LISTS  on  application. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseiies,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

VERGREEN  HEDGES.— 

ARBOR-VIT.t,  American,  bushy,  well  rooted,  and 
adapted  for  forming  a  dense  hedee  : — 2  to  3  feet,  per  ico,  25J,  ; 
3  to  <  feet,  per    ico,  401.  ;  4  to  5  feet,  per  too,  .soJ.  :  5  to  6  feel, 

JOHN'jEFFRIES  AND  SON,  Royal  Nurseiies.  Cirencester. 

EA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thous.inds    to 

select  from.     The  beautiful  pure  white  Ni.helos,   full  of 
buds,  Mai^chal  Niel,  Uloire  de  D  j  in,  and  others  ]  13s  ,  iSf.,  to 
361.  per  dozen. 
F.  STREE  r,  Heatherside  Nurseiies.  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 

LTlY   of  the   VALTEY;^Tnie~Berlin   and 
Hamburgh  .varieties.     Best  selected  Crowns  (or  Forcing. 
Price  15J.  and  i,^s.  per  looo      Term?  cash. 

E.   KOHLMAN,  Hambr.reh,  St.  George,  Germany. 


O 


UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 


I  the  Prt 


Send  r  I 


1  <-opy. 


NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  CO.'UPANV,  Colchester. 


To  the  Trade. 

HCOLLYER,  147,  Camden  Road,  Tun- 
•  biidge  Well,  (late  Prooagalor  for  T.  Cripps  &  Son>, 
can  now  olfer  CLEMAllS  JaCK.MANNI  aid  LANUGI- 
NOSA CANDIDA.  strr>ng  plants,  8j  per  dozen,  SQj.  per  too; 
AMPELOPilS  VEIICHII  (true),  fi.  per  d.  zen. 

T  R I S  H  A  N  E  M  Ol-J  E.— AM  colours,  the  finest 

■M-  in  cultivation  :  should  be  grown  by  all  lovers  of  flowers. 
Send  to  ihe  Gioweis  lor  BULBS,  Single.  5s  per  100,  ij.  per 
dozen  ;  Double,  loj,  per  100,  ar.  per  do^en.  Seed,  Single,  is, 
per  packet ;  Double,  2j.  per  packet  ;  Mixed,  ij.  6d  per  packet. 
RODGER  McClelland  and  CO  .  New,y. 

FO  R  S  A  iTe^  500  E  U  C  iT  A  R  I  S 
AMAZONICA,  good  llowering  bulbs.  751.  per  too. 
GERANIUM  CUTTINGS.  '  CANDlDISSlivIA  ALBA 
PLENA,"  the  finest  Double  White  Geranium  for  cutting 
purposes.  85.  per  100  ;  all  other  leading  varieties,  js.  per  100. 
VIOLAS,  all  leading  varieties  and  colours,  165.  per  it.o. 
W.  .MILES,  West  Brighton  Nurseries,  Hove. 

YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.    Price  is. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

ROUvX    ET    FILS,   Nurserymen,    ValMe 

d'Aulnay,  i  Chatenay,  Seine. — 50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

11867.  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Cioix  de  la 
L.;gion  d'Honneur. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 

PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  DwelliDg-houses.  — Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged,  20  inches  high.  X2s. 
per  dozen  ;  jample  plants,  is.  2^-  '■  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
25.1.  per  100;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
PosUl  orders  to  GARDEN  ER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

ELLEBORUS  NIGER  (Christmas  Rose), 

strong  roots,  air.  per  looo. 
CYCLAMEN  EUROP/EUM,  ,6s.  to  241.  per  1000. 
HEPAI  ICA  TRILOBA.  lor  per  toco. 
HEPATICA  TRILOBA  ALBA,  401.  per  iroo. 
RUSCUS  HYPOPHYLLUM,  rare  and  teiutiful,  201.  per  100. 
CHRISTOF  STEINPOCK.  Traisen,  Lower  Austria. 

R  U  I  T  I  N  G      TREES     In     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS,    PEACHES.   &c. 

Well-trained    trees    for    walls,    with    fibrous  roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  ROSES.       SEAKALE  for  Forcing. 

Inspection  invited. 

WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton.  Middlesex. 

W.    JOHNSON    AND    SON,    Seed 

•     Growers  and  Merchants.  Boston,  are  now  oflFer- 


FOR      SPECIALLY       CHEAP      GLASS 
see  Last  or  Next  Week's  Gardeners'  Ckronicle. 
HY.  WAIN  WRIGHT,  8  and  10,  Alfred  Sl,  Boar  Lane,  Leeds. 


4i8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1883. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  nower  Roots. 

MR  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden  W.C  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  (arms  m 
H  olland.  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers  Sales  commeuc^at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  halt-past  4  0  Clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Wednesday  Next  —(Sale  No.  6gS4.) 

Cholraeley  Park,  Highgate,  N. 
STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,   &c. 

MR  I.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
XUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY  NEXT,  October  7,  at  half-past  ""Clock  precisely  by 
order  of  G.  Heriot,  Esq.,  a  collection  of  STOVE  and  OKEEN- 
HOUSE    PLANTS,   consisting  of    Palms,    Crolons,     Ferns, 

on?he"p^"^l7es!^dTf''^^rT"c?.Syvl•Nt3tS."l^-t 
Covent  Garden,  WC. 

Thursday  Next.-(Saie  No.  6986.) 

VALUABLE  IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS. 

MR.  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Room«,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  G."de„!  WC,  by  or4er  of  Mr.  F.  Sanaer.  on  THURS- 
DAY  NEXT,  October  S,  at  hal^past  12  o  Clock  precisely, 
valuable  Lnporied  and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  con- 
sisting  of  :  — 


Friday  Next.  ] 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHID.--,  including  a  fine  lot  of  Saccolabiums  troni 
Messrs.  Healh  &  Son.  „„„,r. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
October   9,    at    half-past    iz   o'clock    precisely,   the    following 

^A^fi^e'Vo^t'S  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  llie  New 
Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  comprising  some  fine  varieties  01 
Cattleyas  collected  by  Mr.  E    Wallace  in  h's '?i?J"P;^„i.„m 

A  quantity  of  ESTABLISHED  but  UNFLOWERED 
PLANTS  ol  Odontoglossum  Alexandra;  of  the  best  type, 
white  Lselia  anceps,  Oncidiums,  Odonloglossunis,  and  other 
Established  and  Semi-established  ORCHIDS,  from  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.  ,         ,.  xi     .1,  & 

About  100  lots  of  SACCOLABIUMS  from  Messrs.  Heath  & 
Son,  of  Cheltenham,  being  from  the  same  importation  out  ot 
which  the  splendid  new  white  variety  has  50  '"gently  llowerea. 

Also  about  .50  lots  of  CHOICE  ESTABLISHED 
ORHCIDS.  and  a  quantity  of  IMPORTED  AERIDES 
CRISPUM  and  DEN DROBIUM  species. 

(In  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had^ 

Deptford,     S.E.— Evelyn     Estate. 

The  land  being  sold  ft.r  Building. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Land,  on  MON  DAY, 
October  .2.  at  2  o'Clock,  in  suitable  lots,  aji  .Acres  g'  ■-H-'^M- 
PAGNE  RHUBARB  ROOTS,  and  >$  an  Acre  of  KALE. 

Now  on  view  Caulogues  of  Mr.  H.  HICKS  at  the  Estate 
Offi:e.  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside.  E  C^ 


Waltliam  Cross. 

IMPORTANT    SALE    OF    WELL-GROWN    NURSERY 

STOCK. 

To  Nurserymen,  Builders,  and  Others. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  W.  Rumsey  to  SELL  by,AUC- 
TION,  on  the  Premises,  Joyning's  Nursery,  ten  minutes  walk 
from  WaUham  Cross  Sution,  G.  E  Ry.,  on  TUESDAY, 
October  2o,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  beauti- 
fully growk  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  is  in  excellent 
condition  for  removal,  including  3000  Aucubas,  i  to  3  leet  ,  500 
Portugal  Laurels,  fine  specimen  Conifers,  io30  tloweung 
Shrubs,  500  standaid  Flowering  Trees,  :  000  London  J-lanes, 
8  10  15  feet  :  .500  Ornaraet,tal  Trees  of  sorts,  6000  standard  and 
dwarf  Roses  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  1000  Roses  in  pots,  for 
forcing  :  1000  Bouvardias,  in  48  pots,  of  the  best  kinds  ;  terns, 
and  other  stock.  l     n        ■         «„.l 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and 
of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.G. 


Calanthe 


"ifoli! 


oculata    gi- 


Cattleya  Dowi: 
,,     Eldorado 
„    Gaskeljiana 
„     Holfordii 
,,     Leopoldii 

Cypripedium  Lowii 


„     lai 

„     Marshallianum 
Odontoglossum  Alexandra: 
Lxlia  purpiirata 
Paphinia  Sanderiana 
Trichocentrum  albo-purpureum 
Saccolabium  Henderson! 
Vanda  Hookeri 
Dendrobium  superbiens. 


Angriecum  Leoni 

,,     Scottianum 

Cypripedium  Spi( 


A'er  and  Bud 
I  Odontoglossun 


[ianum.fine    OdontogI 

[  Oncidium  tigrin 
Trichocentrum  fuscatum, 
id  ajfine  plant  of  Laelia  elegans,  grand  variety. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  .-ind  Catalogu! 


ihad. 


Thursday  Next.  -  (Sale  No.  6986  ) 
22  loo  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
6000  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS. 
eSS  SINGLE  WHITE  ITALL-VN   HYACINTHS. 

MR    T    C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his   SALE    by    AUCTION,  at  his  Gre.it    Room;, 
38,    King    Street,    Covent    Garden,   W.C  ,    on    THURSDAY 
NEXT,  October  8,  in  cases  of  500  and  looo  Bulbs,  as  received. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR  T  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce 
that  his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden  W.C  on  WEDNESDAY,  October  14,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  ol  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  pirticuLars  of  same  as  soon  as  possible^ 

Valuable  Established  Orchids. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  October  ,5,  at 
half-past  .2  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  formed  by  the  late  Frederick 
Collins  Wilson,  Esq..  of  Wallham  Cross,  including  two  good 
plants  of  ihetiue  autumn-flowermg  Cattleya  labiata.  C.  Men- 
dehi,  fine  variety  ;  Angnecum  sesquipedale,  C.  Spiceria- 
num,  three  growths :  C.  caudatum,  and  C.  roseum  :  Vanda 
tricolor,  V.  suavis,  Dendrobiums  of  sorts,  Odontoglossums, 
Oncidiums,  Phaljenopsis,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCITON,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C..  every  MONDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o  Clock  pre- 
cisely each  day.  about  800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUS  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent   quality'  and  lotted  to  suit  the   Trade    and  Private 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had  of  the  Auc- 
tioneers, 67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N  B  The  Sale  on  MONDAY  NEXT  will  include  3Sco 
double  African  TUBEROSES,  and  on  THURSDAY  five  very 
la°ge  plants  of  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA  ;  also  an  asso,t. 
mettofTERRA  COTTA  FI.OWER-POTS  and  VASES. 


Established  Orchids. 

IMPORTANT  UNRESERVED  SALE  of  a  fine  COLLEC- 
TION of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  the  whole  of 
which  are  in  the  best  possible  health. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instrucli^s  from  H.  W.  Low-e  Esq  , 
who  is  leaving  Sydenham  Hdl,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  with- 
out reserve,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside, 
EC  on  TUESDAY.  October  13,  the  hist  portion  of  his 
valuable  Colleclion,  consisting  almo.t  entirely  of  specially 
selected  vaiieties. 

Full  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Upper  Clapton.  E. 

EXPIRATION  OK  LEASE. 
The  whole  of  the  NURSERY  STOCK.  Green  and  Variegated 
Hollies,  loco  Oval  leaved  Privet,  2300  Euonymus,  3:0 
Aucubis.  Climbers,  an  assortment  of  clean-grown  Fciiit 
lr.es  a  few  br^e  Azaleas  and  Camellias,  two  GARDEN 
ROLLERS,  MOWING  MACHINE,  LIGHTS,  iSc 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above,  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Piemises, 
The  Nurstrv,  Norihwold  Road,  E.,  near  the  Claplon 
Siaiion,  Great  F.-isttrn  Railway,  on  TUESDiY.  October  13,  at 
12  o'clock,  by  Older  of  Messrs.  Offord  &  Sjn. 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  on  the  Premises,  or  of  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E  C 

Sunbury. 

Four  minutes'  walk  from  the  staiion.  L.  &  S    W.  Railway. 
Two  days'  UNRESERVED    SALE   of  young  and  ihnving 
NUF;SERV  STUCK,  the  whole  of  which  has  been  care- 
fully  prepared  for    iransplantine,    by   order    of   Mr.    John 
Dawson,  who  is  relinquishing  the  business. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the 
Hawthorne  Nursery,  Fellham  Hill  Road,  Sunbury,  on  WED- 
NESDAY and  THURSDAY.  October  Maud  15,  at  ij  o  Clock 
precisely  each  day,  without  reserve,  the  whole  t  f  the  choice  and 
thiivmg  NURStRY  STOCK,  in  fine  condition  for  removal, 
including  50.000  Border  Shrubs,  an  unusually  fine  assortment 
consisting  of  2000  variegated  and  green  Hollies,  7C01  bushy 
Aucubas,  200D  Laurustinus.  10,000  common  and  l-ortugai 
Laurels,  500  Sweet  Bays,  10.000  green  and  variegated  Box,  2000 
Thuicpsis  boiealis,  choice  Conifers,  comprising  500  Ihui.ipsis 
dolobrata,  2000  Chinese  Arbor-vitx.  Retinosporas,  Ihuias.and 
Yews:  a'capital  assortment  of  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
hardy  Climbers,  and  thousands  of  Young  Stock  suitable  to  the 
Trade  •  also  one  GREENHOUSE,  two  PITS,  Hot-water 
PIPING,  and  BOILER.  v     1,  j        .1,.  P„ 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 

N  B  —The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to 
this  sale,  the  stock  being  remarkably  well  grown,  and  in 
splendid  condition. 

Camellias,  Azaleas,  Koses,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROl::  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
f,  and  68  Cheanside  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  October  14,  a 
cLsignmeiit  of  fine  Budded  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  and 
other  PLANTS,  from  Belgium  .  500  Standard  ROSES,  from  an 
English  Nursery,  DUTCH  BULBS,  sVc. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 
N.B.  These  Sales  will  be  continued  eveiy  week,  the  dates  of 
hich  will  be  announced  in  Advertisements. 


Lee,  SB. 

IMPORTANT  to  the  TRADE  and  PRIVATE  BUYERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  W.  Noun  &  Son  .0  SELL  by 
AUCTION. onlhe  Premises,  iheMaiiorLaneNurseiy  Lee  SE^. 
about  a  mile  from  three  Radway  Stall  .ns.  on  WtONEbUAY 
October  21,  at  12  o'Clock  precise  y  a  large  quantity  of  well- 
grown  NURSERY  S  rOCK,  comprising  2000  small  Aucubas  for 
pots  ■  4300  fine  bushy  Laurels  ol  sorts,  from  i  to  5  feet  :  lOoo 
oval-leaved  Privet,  4  to  5  feet:  looo  Irish  Ivies  ;  loco  Ivies  ol 
sous ;  4000  green  variegated  Euonymus  lor  potting  ,  30°<^ 
Currants  and  Gooseberries;  1000  Standard  and  Dwarl  Ko»es  . 
500  laige  Aucubas.  3  to  a  feet  high  and  through,  splendid  speci- 
mens 1000  Hollies  and  Yews.  2  to  4  feet ;  specimen  Conifers  in 
vanetv  ■  2coo  Erica  hyemalis.  gracilis,  calT.a,  and  others,  in  48 
and  jj-pots;  and  oiher  MISCELLANEOUS  STOCK. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Cataloeues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  ihe  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London.  F.C. 


Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 

TENTH    ANNUAL   SALE  of  CHOICE   ESTABLISHED 

ORCHIDS,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr  H.  James  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  ihe  Premises,  The  Castle  Nursery,  Lower  Norwood, 
S  E.,  near  the  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY,  October  7.  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  a  selection  of  about  150  lots  of  beautitully- 
grown  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  clean  healthy  plants, 
including  a  very  fine  lot  of  Odontoglossums,  Masdevalhas, 
Cattleyas,  Phalsenopsis.  Oncidiums,  Cypripediums,  uenaro- 
biums,  and  others;  and  amongst  which  will  be  f°und  several 
rare  and  valuable  species;  an  assortment  of  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  specimen  CAMELLIAS,  AZA- 
LEAS and  FERNS.  LAPAGERIAS,  STEPHANOTIS, 
CROTo'n  S,  DRAC/ENAS,  and  a  variety  of  ORNAMENTAL 


TREES  and  SHRUBS.  ,,      v  j    „ 

Mav    now    be    viewed.      Catalogues    may  be    had    cn^ 

Pien.i! es  or  of  tVe  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C 


the 


Canterbury.-Explratlon  of  Lease. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  ,6  Acres 

of  remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  SIOLK. 

MrSSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  Kinrnont  &  Kidd  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises  The  Vauxhall  Nursery,  Can- 
1  erbury,  about  eight  minutes'  walk  from  either  of  the  Canterbury 
Stations,  on  MONDAY,  October  20,  and  three  following  days, 
at  12  o'clock  punctually  each  day.  without  reserve  in  cense- 
ouence  of  the  expiration  of  lease,  about  16  Acres  of  unusually, 
well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for 
removal  and  offering  exceptional  advantages  for  procuring 
Trees  and  Shrubs  for  immediate  efTeclive  planting.  The  stock 
will  include  thousands  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens,  ranging  n 
height  from  1  to  8  feet  :  5C0 .  Laurels,  2  to  4  feet  ;  2000  Soruc= 
Fi.s.  2  to  5  feet  ;  4000  Rhododendrons.  2  to  4  feet  ;  is.coo  Orna- 
mental and  Forest  Trees,  comprising  3000  Poplars,  2  to  10  leet  , 
,000  Larch.  4  to  6  feet  ;  2000  Limes,  8  to  .2  feet  ;  700  fine 
Purple  Beech.  5  to  12  feet  :  toco  Filberts,  4  "=  '-^  f?'  •  ^^°°°_ 
clean.grown  Fruit  Trees,  consisting  of  10.000  StandarJ,  Pyra- 
mid, and  Trained  Apples,  5000  ditto  Pears,  =000  chtto  P  urns 
and  Damsons,  1500  ditto  Cherries,  Peaches  and  NeclarinfS, 
10,000  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  of  all  the  best  sorts  ;  and 
large  quantities  of  other  stock. 

May  be  vieived.     CaLalogues  may  be  had   on  the   Premises 
and  ol  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Forthcoming  Sales  of  Nursery  Stock. 

In  adduion  to  those  advertised. 
IMPORTANT  to    NOBLEMEN,    GENTLEMEN,    NUR- 
'"  SERYMEN  LANDSCAPE         GARDENERS, 

BUILDERS,  and    others   proposing  to  plant  during 

MESSRS.  "pROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
b-e  to  "ive  nolice  of  the  following  Sales  :  — 
OCTOBER   27   and  28,  at  the    NURSERY     PUTNEY,   by 
order   of   Messrs.    Mahood    &  Son.    the    lease    having 

OCTOBER'Lg'I'at  POUNCE'S  NURSERY.  HENDON,  the 

land  being  requiied  for  building. 
OCTOBER  20,  at  the   NURSERY,  WEST  WICKHAM,  by 

crder  ol  Mr.  Cook.  ^ 

NOVEMBER  3,  at  the   HALE  FARM  NURSERY,  TOT- 
TENHAM, by  order  ol  Mr.  Ware. 
NOVEMBER  2  at  the  NURSERY,  DORKING,  by  order  of 

Messrs.  Iverv  &  Son, 
NOVEMBER  4,  at  bSBORN'S  NURSERY,   HAMPTON 

by  order  of  Mr.  W.  Taylor.  

NOVEM  BER  .3  and  14.  at  the  AMERICAN  NURSERIES. 

GODALMING,  byorderofMr.  M,  Young. 
DATE    NOT    FIXED,    at  the  MILFORD    NURSERIES, 

LEYTONsToNE,  by  older  of  Mr.  A,  Protheroe. 
Messrs.  P.  &  M.  will  be  pleased  to  forward  Catalogues  on 
application  at  67  aod  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.D. 

Waltham  Cross,  Herts. 
(On  the  Great  Eastern  Railway,     it  miles  from  London.) 
PATAI  OGUE  of  poriion  of  Mr.  Tudgev's  valuable  and  well- 
known   COLLECTION    of    SPECIMEN    STOVE    and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  includmg  well-grown  speci- 
mens of  Azalea  indica.  Cape  Ericas,  Genetyllis,  Aphelexis. 
Pho:nccomas,  Dracophyllums,  Stephanot.s,  s™  Adiaotum 
cui.eatum  giganteura.  200  Cocos  Weddelhana  in  4.inch  pots, 
'  AlUmandas      Clerodendrons,     Francisceas,     Rondeletias, 

specimen  Palms,  Anthu.iums,  Crotons,  300  Araucan» 
Coopeiii  in  4-inch  pots,  &c.  Also  a  quantity  of  Hardvrood 
HeaVhs  and  Palms,  in  4-inch  and  6-inch  pots,  and  Exhlbltioa 
Plant  VAN,  in  good  repair. 

MR  TYDEMAN  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Exotic  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross, 
on  TUESDAY,  October  6,  at  12  o'Clock. 

Mav  be  viewed  the  day  previous  and  morning  of  Sale,  and 
Catalogues  obtained  of  Mr.  E,  TUDGEY,  Exotic  Nurseries. 
WaUhamCross  ;  or  of  Mr.  J.  TYDEMAN,  Auctioneer.  Valuer 
and  Estate  Agent,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts. 

Edinburgh. 

Drummond  Brothers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 
Nuisery  branch  of  their  business, 

MR  ALEXANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 
bv  AUCTION,  at  Larkfield  Nursery,  Ferry  Road,  Edin- 
burgh, on' WEDNESDAY  and  IjHURSD  AY.  October  7  |nd|, 
-,  f-  r.'rlork  each  day  a  very  fine  lot  of  HOLLIES.  YEVVb. 
AUCUBAS     RHODODENDRONS,   WEEPING  TREES, 

^N'orfrl'vir^&Sl 'gTst'le'^had  from  DRUMMOND 
BROTHERS,'  Agricultural  Seedsmen,  82,  George  Street. 
Edinburgh.  


Tanslev  Nurseries,  near  Matlock.  Derbyshire. 

To  NOBLEMEN,   GENTLEMEN,  NURSERYMEN,  and 
10  i-n^oi.  OTHERS. 

MR  GEORGE  MARSDEN  respectfully 
announces  that  in  consequence  of  the  termination  of 
the  tenancy  ol  a  portion  of  the  Nursery  Land,  he  is  again  in- 
truc  =d  by  Messrs.  Samuel  &  James  S"""|!.  '»  ^'^^L  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Nurseries,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY 
and  THURSDAV,  October  7. and  ?•  ^-"""^"^"'Vrhi'ih  v 
at  .1  o's  lock  each  day,  a  porlion  of  their  choice  and  highly 
valuable  NURSERY  STOCK,  consistmg  of  about  8000  trans- 
p?anl«^  Rhododendrons,  named  varieiies,  of  the  choicest  speci- 
mens growth,  and  quality  ;  8oo,ood  poi.t,cum  Rhodotl.ndrons 
and  common  hybrids  ;  Cupressus,  Ivies,  and  Laurels  ;  immense 
ouantities  of  Retinospora  plumosa.  obtusa  compacla  and  aurea, 
hisr^es  suitable  to  all  purposes  ;  Cedrus  Deodara  and  atlantica. 
Azaleas,  Whins.  Privet,  &c  ;  7000  Andromeda  fl  .tlbunda, 
Gdden  Yews,  Gold,  Silver,  and  Green  Holl.es;  about  40  000 
New  Golden  Elders,  Berberis  and  P.nus  ausmaca,  in  go^ 
conditiio-  Oak,  Scotch  Beech,  Italian  and  Ontario  Poplars, 
and  other'Forest  Trees  in  great  variety  and  'J""'">'- 

Cataloeues  can  be  had  on  application  to  Messis  SAMUEL 
AND  JAMES  SMITH,  Tansley  Nurseries,  Matlock;  or  the 
Auctioneer,  Wirksworth. 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


419 


To  BE  SOLD,  with  Immediate  Possession, 
a  MARKET  NURSERY.  6  miles  from  Covent  Garden, 
comprising  an  Acre  of  Land,  Eight  roomed  Dwelling-liouse, 
Coach-house  and  Stables,  Twelve  Greenhouses,  well  Heated 
and  in  good  condition. 

For  particulars  apply  to  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  £? 
and  68,  Chcapside,  E.C. 

California. 
XTIGR  SALE,   several   GRAIN  and  FRUIT 

J-       FARMS,  CATTLE  and  SHEEP  RANCHES,  in  the 
most  desirable  parts  of  California. 

Full  particulars  furnished  upon  application,  personally  or  by 
letter,  to  GEO.  J.  THEOBALD  and  CO.,  4t9,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


To  Market  Gardeners. 
T?OR    SALE,   near  Manchester,   a   SMALL 

J-  ESTABLISHMENT,  wiih Glass  Houses,  Early  Furcing 
House,  &c.,  complete.  Ready  sale  for  all  produce.  Or  would 
Uke  a  Partner  with  £,^0. 

J.  K.,  Gardeners'  Ckrontds  Office,   41,  Wellington  Street. 
Strand,  W.C. 


TO    BE    DISPOSED    OF,   a    FLORIST'S 
BUSINESS,  of  a  high  class,  in  a  fashionable  thorough- 
fare, near  Hyde  Park.     The  present  owner  retiring 

Full  particulars  cf  M.  N..  care  r.f  G.  N.  Read,  Son  &  Co., 
Chartered  Accountants,  49,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  F.C. 

'yo  GARDENERS  and  NURSERYMEN.— 

-*-  An  excellent  opportunity  for  a  young  beginner  with 
moderate  capital.  Six  GREE  HOUSES  and  moderate  quantity 
of  LAND.  Immediate  possession.  Tools  and  Stock  valuation 
about  .£60.     Close  to  rail,     ir  miles  from  London. 

App|y,  Mr.  TYDEMAN,  Estate  Agent,  Waltham  Cross. 

TO  N  U  RS^E  rYm  E  N^and^^OTHlfRSy^ 
The  Proprietor  of  a  good  Nursery,  32  Acres  in  extent 
situated  on  the  high  road,  one  mile  from  a  county  town,  is 
desirous,  from  age  (74),  to  give  up  business.  No  reasonable  offer 
will  be  refused,  either  in  the  form  of  an  Annuity  or  Puichase 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  H.  B.  L.,  Gardeuen' 
Chronicle  O^tx,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Horist  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

A/TESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS' 

i-'-L  HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  fu'l 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

JOHN       KENNARD'S      Horticultural 

W      Sundries,   Peat,    Loam,    Sand,   and    Berkshire  Pottery 
UepoL     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S,E.     Eitablished  1854 


A  To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

McINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 

DT  .»,-..!'?,T,'''''"=">"°  "nJertake  the  FORMATION  and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS  Plans  prepared 
Its.  Lislria  Park.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT, 

LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK:  ARTIST. 

Has  carried  out  many  extensive  works  recently  for  Noblemen 

and  Gentlemen.    Can  refer  to  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's 

S^L°  V.  ""  ''"i"-  ,''''''»  '"'"il"™.  Sandstone.  Natural 
Kockvvork  to  suit  any  locality. 


'THE      CANCER      HOSPITAL, 

"V,     ^^.,.  Bromplon,  London.  S.W. 

r4^xfrS?=^H'"P,="=  ''="""=  »'  RECEIVING  APPLI- 
rcnnMrw   '""^     LAVING-OUT      and      PLANTING     the 

Hri^^;'',iu'=  ■■■''"  °f  ""=  Hospital.  Tenders  to  be 
\tTT^  '"  "?^Chai,man  ol  the  Weekly  Board  on  or  before 
the  13th  day  ol  October.  Applications  10  View  the  Grounds  to 
be  made  to  the  SECRETARY  at  the  Hospital,  between  the 
hours  of  to  A  M.  and  t  o'clock,  daily. 

The  Board  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept,  the  lowest  or 
any  iender. 


lUOTICE    IS    HEREBY   GIVEN,   that  the 

J->  PARTNERSHIP  heretofore  sub.isting  between  us 
|,V5£"^.^e""'i  GEORGE  THOMAS  SCOTT  and  DAVID 
OILBEKl,  as  Florists  and  Nurserymen  in  Easlb-iurne  in  the 
Coimty  of  Sussex,  under  the  style  or  firm  of  G.  T.  SCOTT  and 
bv  ■,;„T''^°°  ''^^^  '9'\d^y  olScpUmhsr.  1885.  DISSOLVED 
by  mutual  consent.      All   DEBTS  OWING  by  or  to  the  late 

Dated  this  29th  day  of  September,  1885 

GEORGE   THOMAS  SCOTT. 
DAVID  GILBERT. 

N°Ji£^„,'o,,^^''^'^>'    ^'^^"    "13'  'he   PART- 
NERSHIP heretofore  subsistinebetween  us    Ih,  „n.t., 

s;y?e1>r'fi?m^„rRTr^''"1  ?'=e«°'^  NEAl!  un7er  the" 
style  or  lirm  of  R.  &  G.  Neal,  in  the  trades  or  businesses  o( 
Nurserymen.  Seedsmen,  and  Contractors,  carried  on  at  Wand; 
worth  Common;  Garrett  Lane,  Wa„dswnr'hFa?coL  Wharf; 
wi!,  w  -f ""  "..'"u  "1  Brickfield,  Strealham  ;  and  at  Warple 
I,7ol^TntZT  ^  \"  ^""  DISSOLVED  as  from  the  2,th 
Seed  Busines?w?,l  f  V  ^^  ■?"'"='  ■''°""-"'-  The  Nursery  and 
NEAL  and  ih^r-.'^S"''-""'  ""ty'tesaid  ROBERT 
KfcAL,  andthe  Contractors  Business  by  the  said  GEORGE 


neal! 

Dated  this  30th  day  of  Septe 


iber,  : 


ROBERT  neal. 
GEORGE   NEAL. 

Signed  by  the  above-named  ROBERT  NEAL  and  GEORGE 
^outtm  "on  S^re^'t!  BLmsbufy'lSSo'^.  '^^^  '"•    '*■ 

■pOR  SALE, Three  Dozen  STOVE  PLANTS 
C^NlrMAlSTAr'a"n^d"iiXRtA"fe,!,1^A  ¥E?^Nt 
J.  OSBORNE.  Gardener,  Wood  Lodge,  Shooter's  Hill   S  E 

^Ru'i^'^''^°^H^y^f~™EES  '  and 

will  h,  „„Vf        '  '^°'"^!"'".g  >h<=  largest  selection  in  the  world 

iv  kiud^r-'cATrLSsiii'^TnviS "'  ^"'^-"^"^  °'-^  --- 

ZOESCHEN  Nursery  (Baumschule),  near  Merseburg,  PrussU, 


o 


B 

per  10 


X  E      D      G 

!ry  Yards,  very  fine,   2 


I      N 


G,— 

£9    'OS. 


J.  B.  YOUNG,  Bridge  of  Allan. 


Vrr^r  r-^.^®"^^  ^<"'  Winter  and  Spring. 
lULE  lb— sweet    Violets.  — Marie    Louise, 

Victoria  Regina,  Belle  de  Chatenay,  6s  per  dozen.  40s. 
per  100:  Patrie  Comte  Braza.  White  Neapolitan,  .2/  per 
dozen  :    twelve   divtmrf    u^ri»>;„  .  i  -  .i  ^  j 

J  >«c   ui^iiuLc    varieties,    package   paid,   ys.   6if.    per 

by  post,  2.S.  6.L  per  d  "' 


D 
D 


UTCH  BULBS. 

JRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


dozen  :  small  pi 

are  the  best  and  most  usefurViolets  in  cult 

McrwiU         '^  "^'pPS.  and  are  now  full  of  flc 

°TREDEWCK°FE¥K\NS;'Nu"riT;ma^n,   Regent   Street 
1-eamington. 


The  above 
,f  planted  at 


FRUIT.  FRUIT,  FRUIT. 


SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE. 
A  PPi-ES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES. 

-CA.       All  the  finest  varieties. -Pyramids,  gs.  and  iji.  per 

dozen  :    Standards,    ,2s.    p„   dozen;    Dwarf-trained, 

15'-  and  i8j   per  doz-n. 
CURkANTS.-Black,   Red.  White,  r2s.  per  100    2.1.  and 

2J-  6d  per  dozen.  ' 

RASPBERRIES    in  variety,  r2..  per  roo ;  Norlhumber- 

land  Pillbasket,  is.  per  too 
GOOSEBERRIES,  ,5..  and  20..  per  ico,  2j.  id.  and  jr. 

STR  A  WBERRI ES  -All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
ruLne.s,  21.  6ar.  pen 00 :  in2"^-inch  pots,  loi.  per  100; 
in  s-inch  pots  for  fcrcing  251.  per  100;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  1  he  Captain,  ■zs   per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

See  mtr  Xcm  Catalogue. 
The  finest  H.P  varieties,  6.   per  dozen,  401.  per  100. 
Tea-scented  and  Noisettes,  tsj   per  dozen  ■  icKii  uer  too 
Beautiful  Mosses,  6s.  per  dozen.  '  ^ 

Climbing  varielies,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c.,  ts.  p  doz. 
The  above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 


FQREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS. 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,J<m  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 


OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 


D 


AISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.  •  POL\ 

ANTHUS,  Sinele  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
PpTfV  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
liCLLb,  qd.  per  dozen.  *s.  and  if  ner  mn  PAM 
SIES   and   VIOLAS  (colours    septate)     ARARI^" 

:_d  Spnng-flowering  Plants  for  ,71   (,d.. 


.  6d. 


TULIPS,  various  colours,  ss.  per  roo;  CROCUS,  js  td 
and  21.  per  103:  SNOWDROPS,  is  bd  ier  .00  ■ 
BORDER  HYACINTHS.  rSr.  pir  .ooT'NARtils: 
SUS    5S.  per  100  ;  500  assorted  Sprmg  Bulbs  for  12s., 

HEPATICAS,    Blue  and  Red ;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

bulphur.  3s.  Gd.  per  do/^n 
WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON.  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 

BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

pOTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 

-L       DELPHINUMS.-Lovely  hardy  (lowers  for  cutting 
„„,     °'  garden  blonni,  named,  v.  per  dozen 

"^PA°M?T/."'-°?'i:''   PtNTSTEMON.S,  PINKS, 

-fAINbllLb,  in  the  finest  varieties    A  fii"  tw^r  Hr,-»B,. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.'-?fhe  most  showy 

sorts.  %s.  per  dozen,  21s   per  too. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOfEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts 

es.   per  dozen   plants  ;    fine    Clove  and    Border'  Self 
r  IT  f^f^^^^-  ■<'■  P=''  dozen-all  from  layers. 
L.IL1I!,S.—Candidiim,  Orange  and 'liper  I  ilies  nt  r,»^  .1.,, 
WM^CLIBRAN  aniJ  SOn!  6rdfield  Nmsery^'i^rlg^-. 

A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

niNERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

V-^     CALCEORARIAS,   ,s.   6d.  per  doztn,  from  sto.e^ 

BOUvXroTaS^TREE  CARNATIONS,  DEUTZIA 
OKACILIS.— In  pols  for  early   bboming,  6s.,  9s., 

SPIR^A  )APONICa!'diELYTRA  SPECTABILI3 - 

Fine  clumps,  ^s.  per  dozen. 
AZALEA.S. -Ghent,   mollis,   pontic,  or    indica,   all  with 
■  „..    „^'  '""  rofcmg,  181.,  24J  ,  and  30J.  per  dozen 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Olcifi.ld  Nursery,  Akriicham. 

QEE  our  NEW    CATALOGUE^bTthTs 

„  ^-pSS?"  '°'  '^°''=/«=  P"«s  of  all  BULBS,  PLANTS, 
l^Jo^RS?  "wk¥lT°St"c°RSl.^  '^. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


,         Pelarf:onlum 

T70LONTE     NATIONALE     ALBA.  —  All 

'  who  weie  unable  to  procure  ihis  splendid  new  Geranium 
m  May  should  do  so  at  once.  Nice  h«lthy  Plants  in  pots  now 
re.-dy,  sr.  each,  free  by  post.  Awarded  First-class  Ceriifif-arec 
Rtyal  Horticultural  Society,  Roval  Botanic  Society,  C??  ul 
Palace,  Manchester,  and  the  principal  shows  of  the  seSon 
o.)mp[e  tluwers  torwarded  on  application. 

tREDERICK  PERKINS,    Nurseryman,   Regent  Street, 


A  NT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

,  ,.  Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 

Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  1885,  and  see  the  large 
savmg  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  iheir  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Fkbb  Delivhrv,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane^St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 

TJERMAN     BUDDENBORG,      Bulb 

■^^  Gkower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
buddenoorc,  Beos.),  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Creat  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
Mr°?&c5'?,„.°.''..ll"*  °"'°  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the' 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
!i;"''5?rl '?  *"1"  '"■■  ^°  '"»■"'  y"^-  H"  "ill  b"  pleased  to  receive 
the  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
marl  his  own  free  on  demand. 

T3      MALLER  AND  SONS Ijeg  to  offer   to 

-•— '•  the  Irade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties)  EPACRIS 
!m«Sy,";'.«'  S,EN1^TAS,  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS,' 
N?i=  c-,VJ^,?'l?'^'^TUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE^ 
f^J.^1'  vKf,?l''^NOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL-- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited 
Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application 
Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nu  •         "  " 


"DOSES- ROSES-ROSES -Splendid 

-^  V  Plants  of  the  following  and  other  fine  varieties,  in  y-mch 
pots,  245.,  30J.,  36s,  and  421.  per  dozen  :-Marechal  Niel, 
Gluire  de  Dijon,  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  Devoniensis,  Duke  of 
Connaught  Htjmer,  Isabella  Sprunt,  Madame  Lambard, 
Madame  Willermoz,  Niphetos,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Safrano,  &c.  Our  Roses  are  well  known  to  be  the 
hnest  and  healthiest  in  the  country.  Complete  LISTS  of 
varieties  In  stock  will  be  sent  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTILULTURAL  CO.  (iohn 
Cowan).  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries  Gar-ton,  near 
Liverpool. 

New  Catalogues. 
pHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descrip- 

*-^     tive  CATALOGUES  for  the  season  are  now  ready   and 

may  be  had  post-free  on  application,  viz   :—  ' 

A  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  and  other  BULBS 
A  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES.  VINES,,and 

A    r.,.,.=iH';l;i=l^2'"**^DY  TREESandSHRUBS. 

A    CATALOGUE    of   CARNATIONS,    PICOTEES,    and 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 


Autumn  Planting. 
T^HE    LAWSON    NURSERY    COMPANY 

-A  (Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
iVc'lT^lil',  '"■t„'X?H.='°'='"'^  "''''  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
^r^^}^h  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
IKEth,  i;c,  of  superior  qualuy.  and  when  personal  inspection 
IS  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
appb"'-— 


The   AUTUMN   CATALOGUES 
"'     posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 


I  preparation,   and 

TJEACHEY'S   SWEET  YIOLETST- Finest 

^  collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan^ 6i  per  dczeo  plants,  121.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme. 
hnest  Double  Lilac;  NewYork,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  reil 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles.  3s.  6d.  per  dozen  plants,  71.  6d 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descripiive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  d^"ec™usfo5 
ROSEs'°2"i>/  I?  ^"^'^^^  CARNATIONS,  and  PRIM- 
Mr.  R.'wf  BEACHEY^  Fluder,  Kingskerswell,  Devonshire. 
Irradiating  tlie  Present,  Restoring  tlie  Past "~ 
COMPLETE  and  ORIGINAL ''LITTLE 

BOOK"  <f  DAFFODILS,  in  iis  revi-ed  form  for  r88? 


A 


i-M 


The 


ripened  Bulb 


irigii 


tiatir 


and  the  Daffodils 

being  so  .f,-«f,z/ to  their  cultivation.  Over  ijn  so^  ts  to  select 
from  Eaily  planting  and  eaily  r.pen'ng  of  Bulbs  should  give 
gand  results.  Advantage,  offered  by  no  other  Hou-e  in  the 
=  ":^'=u,~  ■^y*'-  «AYL  .R  HARTLAN..'S  Old  Established 
Seed  Warehouse,  24,  P.ilrick  Street.  Cork. 


To  the  Trade  only. 
Xn    H.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurseymen, 

,-*-',•  Seedsmen,  and  Florists,  Haarlem.  Holland.  The 
Wholesale  Catalogue  (No.  37gA)  of  Dutch  Flower  Roots  and 
Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  T  uberous-rooled  Plants  for  1885-86,  is 
nowready,  and  may  be  had  free  on  prepaid  application  by  N  ursery- 
men.  Seedsmen,  and  Florists.  The  Catalogue,  although  giving 
only  an  ejit.act  of  the  collections,  forms  a  pamphlet  of  48  paget 
8vo,  in  two  columns,  and  is  douhtle's  one  of  the  most  complete 
sent  out  of  this  specialty.  The  prices  of  Hyacinths  in  general 
■Jf"  coas'tlerably  lower  than  before.  Prices  of  Tulips  and  other 
Bulbs,  too,  are  in  many  instances  inferior  to  former  quotations. 
German  and  French  editions  as  well  as  a  separate  English 
edition  for  America,  are  published. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 

DUTCH   BULBS— .Season  1S85. 

Vy  HY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 

»  »  on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS.  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Manscll  Street,  Aldgate  EC  ' 
Established  since  t856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  cjn 
ai  plication.  An  immense  stock  o(  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec,  in  each  year. 

OOD     BULBS     for     SUPPLYING 
CUT    FLOWERS:— 
EUCHARIS    SANDERII. 
EUCHARIS    AMAZONICA. 
EUCHARIS    CANDIDA. 
EUCHARIS    MASTERSII. 
The  last-named,  a  beautiful  new  kind,  offered  for  the  first  time. 
Price  per  dozen  or  hundred  on  application  to 
Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL,  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  535,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


420 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  18 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE 


Engl 


ish,  Dutch,  and  French-grcwn  Bulbs, 

Wiih  Special  Low  Prices  ot  the  followirg  :— 

150,000  Yellow  CROCUS. 

IRIS  K.'EMPFERI— in  about  twenty  differ- 

fnl  ^hac'es  of  colour.  This  grand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  counliy,  but  should  be 
grown  bv  every  lover  of  fl  iwers.  It  is  by  fsr  ihe 
brgest  flower  nf  ihis  family,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  offer  well  establi-htd  English-grown 
Roots. 


20,000  NARCISSUS  POETICUS  ORNATUS 

(Trut).  —  True  Early-flowering  Phea>aLt.eyed, 
blooming  ihiee  weeks  eailier  ihm  poeticus. 

15,000  NARCISSUS,    Orange    PhtEnix.  —  The 

g  and  Dt  uble  While  Daffod  I. 

5,000  NARCISSUS,    Sulphur   Crown.  —  The 

delicae  Double  Pale  Sulphur  Daffodil,  the  finest 
and  mo&l  elegant  of  a.l.  And  fifiy  other  choice 
varieties  of 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS. 

30,000  GLADIOLUS  COLVILLI,  The  Bride, 

pure  white  variety,  perfectly  hardy.  hihould  be 
\.\  tnted  in  autumn.     AUo  good  for  forcing. 

50,000  SCILLA    SIBIRICA.  — This   charming 

rich  Blue  variety  is  now  as  cheap  as  the  Sciowdrup, 
to  which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 

Catalogue  free  on  application  to 

WAT  KINS    &    SIMPSON, 

13,  EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn 

per  bu-hel  of  14  cakes  y. 
Per  cike,  bd.  ;  per  cake,  iree  by 

h-arcel  Post.  is. 
For  Outdoor  and  Ir.door  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 

Ucper   Holloway.   L-indon,  N. 


CHOICE    IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMANS  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of  door  combined. 
Price  2\s.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  td.  to  ^^4  4^^. 


ROSES,  9^.  per  dozen.      A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  lar^e  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  Sr'c ,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD     SOMERSETSHIRE. 

B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

Thi^se  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Fart  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation  all  of  which  are  fully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


>^^^^^^Ih; 


7Ai 


'€/. 


ci/ru' 


m 


vines— vines-  Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  CRAPE  VINE  S  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Blaclc 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Planting  Canes,  55.  and 
7S   6/.  each  ;   Kruitii  g  Canes,  loi  6,/  each. 

The  Vinevard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS     in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  lo  ihe  darkest  purple),  for  cUmb- 

id   beddine.  from    i2r.  lo  245.   per  dozen,  strong  pUnis. 


Descriptive  LIST 

RICHARD    SMITH 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


pphc 


CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


TTRUIT    TREES. —  Fine   healthy   stock   of 

X'  extra-s  zed  trees.  Horizontal  and  Dwarf-trained  APPLES 
and  PE.\RS,  Dw.irf-lrained  APRICOTS,  PEACHKS, 
PLUMS,  and  NfCTARINES;  Standard  and  Pjramidal 
PEAkSard  PI  UM^.  Fruitirg  t.ee<,  in  Dots,  of  APRICOTS. 
PEACHES,    NtCLARlNES,  and    FIGS.     Prices  on  appli- 


D.  S.  THOMSON  and  SONS.  The  Nur. 


.  Wimbledn 


EUGi;NE     VERVAET     DE     VOS 
cfTers  :- 
INDIAN  AZALEAS,  751.  and  1001.  per  ico. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  401.,  6o.r.,  and  8ci.  per  100. 
AZALEA  NARCISSIKIORA,  80s.  and  loas.  per  100. 
All  Budded  Plants,  in  the  most  splendid  conditmn. 
The    Indian    Azalea    Nursery,    Swviiaeide,    near    Ghent. 


lOHN   STANDISH   and  CO.  beg    to   cffer 

^      the   undermentioned,  of  which  ihey  possess  a  very  fine 

Winter  Flowering  Plants. 
GARDENIA  lNTt,K.MEDIA,  in  5  and  6-ioch  pots,  i8j.  to 

AZALEA  INLIICA.  10  variety,  in  5  and  6  inch  pots,  541    to 

30s.  per  dojen. 
CAMELLIAS,  in  variety,  in  8-inch  pots,  48^.  per  dozen. 
BljUVARDIAS.  m  six  vaeieiies,  in  s  inch  p.  t,,  15J  per  dozen. 
CAKNAIIONS,  m  twelve  varieties,  in  s-inch  pots,  i&s.  per  doz. 
LRICA  HVEMAuIS   and  GRACILIS,  in  5  inch  pois,  isj. 

ftdizer. 
CHRYSAi- IHtMUM-,  in  6inch  pots,  i»j.  per  dozen. 
LI  LAC  "  Cbailcs  X  ,"  m  6-inch  pots,  4211.  per  dozen. 
DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  strong,  4,5  p=r  lu,,  ts.  per  dozen. 

Ornamental  Follaged  Plants. 

SEAFORTHIA  El.EGANS.  fine,  in  s-inch  pms,  -4!.  per  d  z. 
KENTtA     KELMOKEANA,     CAN  rEKBURY...M A,     and 

FOSI'ERIAN,  in  s-inch  pots,  36..  per  dozen. 
SOLANUMS,  well  berried,  in  s-inch  pots.  91.  to  izr.  per  doz. 
FI(  US  EI.ASTICA.  well  furnished,  ID  s-ii'ch  pots,  21s.  p.  doz. 
GREVILLEA  KOBUSTA,  weU  furnUhed,  in  5-inch  pots.  91. 


per 


ichpots,  155 

Eardy  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

RHODODENDkUNS,  in  variety,  well  budded,  i',<   to  2 

hitih,  3or.  per  dozen. 
ROSE.*^.  in  viriety,  Sandards,  i&i  per  d<  zr. 

„         ,,         ,,         H^lf-Sundards,  i$s.  \er  dozen. 
,,         ,,         ,,         Dwarfs,  gs.  per  d.zen. 
,,        ,.        ,,        Teas,  in  pots,  1 2S.  to  I  sr.  per  dozen. 
CI.EMAI  IS,  in  variety,  151.  10  lai.  per  d.  z-.ii. 

Oiher  CLIMBING  PLANTS  iu  gieat  variety. 
CONIFERS   and    HARDY  SHRUBS  nf  every  descripl 
and  a  fine  stock  of  all  kinds  of  FRUIT  TREES. 
Royal  Ni 


p.  doz. 


Ferns —Ferns.— Ferns. 

TO    THE    TRADE    ONLY. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  A.  PACOTTI, 
A.DECOKUM,  A.  STRICIU.VI,  nice  Plants,  in  small 
pots  ready  for  potting  on,  201.  per  100,  £0  per  rooo. 
ADIANTUM  LE  GRANDE,  nice  plants,  teady  for  potting 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM.  A.  PACOTTI,  and  LOMA- 
RIA  GIBBA,  tine  plants,  in  4J4  and  5-iach  poLs,  405.  and  sor. 
per  lo). 

n) 


CLEARANCE     SALE. 

FERNS,  in  thumbs,  los.  per  loo. 
GLOIRE  DE  NANCY  (true),  30.?.  per   100, 
strong  plants,  the  best  White  Clove  for  Cutting. 
Quantities  of  bloom  from  Easter  till  Autumn. 

ALo  stock   specially  suited  for  a    London  Cut  Flower  Trade. 

wltb  the  Greenhouse  and  Hot-water  Pipes. 

Inspection  ami  offers  solicited.    The  lani  requited  for  butidiiis. 
POUNCE'S  NURSERY,  HENDON,  N.W. 


taiTTRMs 

An  immense  stock  of  healihy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand SHRUBS 

BOS£S,    BHODODENDBONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

J  nHEAL&SONS 

V  ■  U    Crawlej,        %J  Sussex.. 


GARTERS' 

CHOICE 

HYACINTHS 

rhs  best  for  Exhibition  and  General  Effect 


Named    HYACINTHS,  price 

in  6  sorts. 


Named    HYACINTHS.   PRICE 

in   12  sorts,  for    glasses. 


6 
12 

19     Named   HYACINTHS,    price     Q/fi 

Xli  in   12   sorts,    for  pots.  0/  U 

Cheaper  sorts,  6s.  &  7s.  ed.  per  doz. 

;;n    Named   HYACINTHS,    price  QK/ - 

lIU  in  25  sorts.  Oil/ 

JQ    Named  .HYACINTHS,  price  ^Q /. 
1AA    Named  HYACINTHS.  PRICE  ft  K/_ 

lUU  in  50  sorts.  Oil/ 


100 


Named  HYACINTHS,  price 


in  100  sorts.  I  0I~ 

ALL    PARCELS    CARRIAGE    FREE. 

-atalogues  containing  names  of  varieties  composini 
the  above  assortments,  gratis  and  post  free. 
^  SEEDSMEN 

A:  By   Royal  WaiTai.t   to 

237  &  238,    HIGH    HOLBORN, 

LONDON. 


PUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V_''  TRaCK  MUSHROOM 
PAWN  —Too  well  known  to  require 
1  cription.  Price  6r.  per  tjushel 
lir  extra  per  bushel  (or  package),  or 
id  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  ix. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
aj^es  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed   with  our  signature  atuched. 

WM  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(I  Tirel)  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchaits    HiahEate  Nu 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 


■  LlSTl.ee. 
erymeu    and    Seed 


JERSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 


PCARC 'APPLES,  PLUMS,  &c.,  iSi.  perdo 

rtnno        Espalier  trained.  24 j.  per  dozen. 

pnQFQ Magnificent  Bushes.  91.  per  dczi 

nUOCO        s,,,„d„d-.  strori,..   isj.  oerdozei 


CALCEOLARIAS,    PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERAEIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  the  World.  i.f.6r/ per  doz.,  loj'.perioo, 
post-free.    In  small  pots, 2j. 6(f.  doz.,  iSj.per  loo. 

R.  J.  JOHNSON,   E<q-,  3,   IVnllon  Street,  0.rjord. 

September  21,    1885. 

"At  cur  Show,  June  16,  I  gained  First  Prize  for  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 

H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


WI©fra^l®««£R! 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


421 


AZALEAS,  grand  plants,  Double  White,  zos. 
per  dcz-n.  BOUVARDIAS.  fine  "bushy  pUnts,  best 
sons,  S5J.  per  loo.  TREE  CARNATIONS,  very  fine. 
401.  per  ICO. 

W.  JACKSON.  Elakedown.  Kidderminster. 

ILLTRACK    MUSHROOM    SPAWN.— 

The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  giiaran- 
41.  6rf.  per  bushel  (r6  cakes),  td.  per  bushel  p.-ickace 
&  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,   \s.  -^d.     Trade  supplied 


M 


COCOA-NUT     FIBRE   REFUSE 
made.      The    same    as    iuppliei 
Society. — Truck-load  of  a  tons,   2^j   ; 
14J.  ;  forty.  255.,  siaclcs  included.  All  Fr' 
orders.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  r 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  15:,,  Hich  Street 


il.    Cash 

Fibre  Merch; 

Battersea,  S.W. 


s 


ILVER      SAND,      excellent      coarse,      'js. 

ton.  PEAT,  excellent  quality.  6i  ,  %s.  and  loJ.  per  cubic 
LOAM,     excellent   quality,    3i.   per   cubic    yard.      By 


truckloads. 

W.  SHORT,  Ho 


cultural  Company,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,  BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PEICE  LISTS  on  application.        ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  18.  each. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES 


PEAT,  best  black  fibrous  . .  i,s.  bd. 
PEAT,  ext.a  selected  Orchid  5J.  bd. 
LOAM,  best  yelli       " 


5  sacks  tor  151. 


.  per  bush,  (sacks  included). 


PREPARED  COMPOST.best  I 

LEAFMOULD.bestonly  ..      1  "■ 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ti.  id.  per  bush.,  rss.  half  ton,  s2i.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        . .     8./.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8r. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spdcialite)    8rf.  lb.,  sS  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     55.  per  bushel.       . 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2t.  per  bush.,  6i.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IJ.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr.  ;  15  sacks,  131.  ;  ao  sacks,  17J.  ; 
30  sacks,  255  ;  40  sacks,  30J.  T  ruck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only.  2!.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL.  LONDON.   E 

GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 

FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFU.SE.  4.bushtl  Bags, 
li.  each  ;  30  for  25J.— bags  included  :  2-ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail, 
25!.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5..  pe^ 
Sack  ;  5  lor  22J.  6</.  ;  10  lor  351.  ;  ao  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6a'.  per  Sack;  5  for  2o«  ;  10  for  ,oj. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  ir.  6rf.  per  Bushel;  145.  per 
%  Ton  ;  25r.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
Ko".  perlb.;  2Slb.,  21J.;  cwt,  701.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  Zd.  pfcrlb.  ;  28  lb.  for  i8j.  LEAF-MOULD,  %s. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD.  4s.  per  S.ick.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31.  per  Sack,  CHARCOAL,  ji.  M.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  ^d.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM. 
&c.     LIST  Free.     Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Soulhwatk  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


CONTBACTOB.S    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

JUiistratcd  CATALOGUE,  \ith  Edition, price  \s. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Confiplete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E., 

ffcff] 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(late  T.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co  ), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  Mansion  House 

Buildings. 

Horticultural  Builders  in  Wood 

ater   Heating   Engineers  and 

Boiler  Makers. 

Best  Workmanship  and  Materials. 

Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

w. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     W.C. 

Please     send    me 


commenciiii. 


Gardeners'    Chronicle' 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


for . 


1885. 
MontJis, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  y.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  iid.  ;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (e.\cepting  India  and  China)  ;— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  2d. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  ''DRUMMOND." 


422 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885, 


FOR  SALE,  at  Lisse,near  Haarlem,  Holland, 
the  tollowing  flowering  Bulbs  at  40  guilders  (£3  61.  Sd.) 

ist  As^mtme°nt  -GRANDEUR  A  MERVEILLE,  Eur.  .80  ; 
OTHELLn,  DZ  .25;  KARL  KROONPRINS 
VAN  ZWEDEN,  D.C.  Joo.  „„„,,,    _     „ 

2d  Assortment. -GIGANTEA,  Er.  350;    NORMA.  Er   85; 

2a  Assortm  THUYLL,  E.C.  300:     BLEU  MOU- 

RANT,    E.G.  too;       LA    TOUR     D'AUVERGNE, 

Mixed^As'sonmec-ROBERT  STEIGER,  Er.  -^o;  AMY, 
Er  i6q;  SULTANE,  f.vounte.  Er.  60;  GIGAN- 
TEA Er.  300  ;  BLEU  MOURANT,  E.G.  600 ; 
BARON  VAN  THUYLL.  E.G.  350;  HEHRMAN, 
Eg.  120  ;    LA  TOUR  D'AUVERGNE,  Dur.  250. 

Payment  one  month  after  delivery. 
C.  VREEBURG,  Lisse,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 


B     GILBERT,    Anemone    Nursery,    Dyke, 
•     Bourne,  Lincoln,  begs  to  offer  the  following  BULBS, 
PLANTS,  &c.  :— 
ANEMONE,   King  of  Scarlets,  B.  G.'s  own  production,  4.!. 

per  dozen,  25J.  per  100. 
HEPATICAS,  Double  Red,  51.  per  dozen.  30J.  per  too. 

..     SinRle  Blue.  4J.  per  dozen,  25s.  per  lOD. 
VIOLETS,  Marie  Louise,  4s.  per  dozen,  25J.  per  too. 
,,     Single,  Victoria,  3s.  per  dozen,  205.  per  loo. 
At    the  International    Exhibition,    held    at    the    Alexandra 
Palace.  B.  G.  was  awaided  a  Medal  for  Group  of  Anemones. 

Testimonials  from  all  parts  aVe  constantly  coming  in.  The 
following,  from  Mr.  Roberts,  Gardiner  to  Lord  Rothschild, 
only  recentlv  receivt-d : —  ,  .  ,  ,       , 

"  Dear  Sir,— I  cannot  speak  too  highly  ol  your  Anemones. 
They  are  superb  both  in  colour  and  size  of  flower.  I  potted  a 
quantity,  putting  five  bulbs  in  a  pot,  kept  them  under  glass.  In 
due  time  they  threw  up  as  many  as  two  dozen  splendid  blooms. 
They  flowered  two  months  sooner  than  the  outdoor  ones,  and 
were  the  admiration  of  all  who  saw  them.— Yours  very  truly 
•■J.  Roberts. 

SURPLUS  STOCK. 
ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have   to  offer  the  following  Plants,  in  which 
they   abound,   at   reduced  prices.     All  the  stuff 
is   well  grown   and  in  fine   condition  for  safe 
removal  : — 
RHODODENDRONS.   Hybrid  Seedlings,  selected  when  in 

flower  and  the  colour  labelled  on  each  plant,  good 

bushy  plants,  mostly  with  buds,  aj^  to  3I2  feet  high, 

24J.  to  36J.  per  dozen. 
„     Hybrid  Seedlings,  nit  selected,  but    of  various  cMours, 

bushy  plants,  i)4  to  2  f<;et.  12s.  per  dozen,  £i  per 

100  :  larger,  very  fine,  iSi.  to  74i.  per  dozen,  £6  105. 

to  ^9  per  100  ;  extra  large  bushes,  3  to  4M  feet,  30,1. 

to  42s.  per  dozen.     Most  of  these  are  well  set  with 

huds. 
,,     Seedlings   from   the   best   named   sorts  (including  early- 

bboming  seedlings),  in  great  variety  of  colour,  good 

bushy  plants,  i  to  ij^  foot,  Ss.  per  dozen,  501.  per  100, 

many  with  flower-buds. 
,     choice  named  kinds  (including  numerous  beautiful  varieties 

of  our  own  raisinE),  fine  bushy  plants,  1%  to  3  feet 

high,   mostly  well-set  with  buds,  30^.,  40s.,  50s.,  to 

60s.  per  dozea. 

HOLLIES,    &a.- 

The  foUoioing  carry  fine  balhof  roots,  and  arc  in  excellent 

condition  for  removal  :— 
HOLLY,   Hodgins',  fine  bushy  trees,  2,  3  to  454  feet  high, 
7s.6d.,  3J.  6d ,  to  5J.  6d.  each. 
„    Variegated,  of  sorts,   i^i  to  5  feet,  i.f.  6d.,  aj.  6d.,  31.  6i., 

SS. ,  to  75.  each. 
„    Common  Green,  fine  bushy  trees,  i,'S  to  7^  and  3  feet,  6s., 

BOX,  Handswotth,  fine  bushy  trees,  2  to  3  feet,  51.  to  8s.  per 
dozen.  ;  2%  <■"  *M  '«='.  9'-  «>  =••'•  V  dozen. 

ANDROMEDA  KLORIKUNDA.  thiclc  bushes,  iJ4  to  2  feet 
high,  4J4  to  sM  feet  in  circumference,  iSj.  per  dozen  : 
densely   covered    with    flower-buds,    2S.    each,    2IJ. 

DAPHNE  MEZEREUM,  Red,  iK  to  2  feet,  jj.  6d  to  41.  per 
dozen  ;  2  to  3  feet,  very  bushy,  gd.  to  is.  6d.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM  (home-grown),  from  seed  of  our  own 
saving,  good  flowering  Bulbs,  gj.  to  12J.  per  dozen. 

POPLAR.  Golden,  6  to  8  feet  high,  ij.  to  =1.  each.  The 
beautiful  golden  foliage  makes  this  a  most  desirable 
tree  for  mixing  with  other  ornamental  trees. 

THORNS,  Flowering,  Climbing  ROSES,  RETINOSPORAS, 
AUCUBAS.   Hardy    HEATHS  of  sorts,  and  other 
slock,  which  we  hold  in  large  quantities,  and  now 
ofi'er  at  reduced  prices  to  clear  ground. 
CATALOGUE  with  sizes  and  prices  on  application. 

PLANTS    SUITABLB    FOK    POTTING. 

RHODODENDRONS,  Hybrid  Seedlings  of  various  colours, 
covered  with  buds,  bushy  plants,  I  to  2  feet  high,  15J. 
per  dozen,  ^5  per  too. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  Seedlings,  from  some  of  the  best  varieties, 
distinct   light  and  dark   colours,    each   colour    kept 
separate,  bushy  plants,   i  to  ij^   foot  high,  ten  to 
fifieen  buds  on  each,  gs.  per  dozen,  55J.    per    100, 
^^24  per  1000. 
,,     PON  IICA.  bushy  plants,  i  to  ij^  foot  high,  well-budded, 
4.!   to  6s.  per  dozen  :  larger,  gr.,  12s.,  to  i8j.  per  doz. 
,,     DAVIESII,    beautiful   trusses    of     white    sweet-scented 
flDwers.  best  of  all  for  forcing  ;    fine  plants,  well 
budded.  24s.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 
„     AVALANCHE,  pure  white  sweet-scented  flowers,  very 
compact  and  bushy  habit :  good  plants,  well  budded, 
2j.  6d.  each.  241.  per  dozen. 
PERNETTYA  SPECIOSA  (our  own  variety),  quite  hardy, 
beautiful  pink    berries :   good  plants  covered  with 

All  Ooed3  Free  on  Rail,  but  a  moderate  charge  will 
be  made  for  package. 

Cash  or  rc/creuu  Jrom  unknown  correspondents. 


ORMSKIRK,    LANCASHIRE. 


CUTBUSH'S      BULBS 

Are  noted  throughout  the  United  Kingdom  as  being 

only  of  the  very  finest  description.     The  Bulbs  are 

this  year  exceptionally  fine. 


Hyacinths,    Named. 

St..  gi..  and  i-2S.  per  dozen 


Early  Single  Tulips 

Choice  Sorts,  by  Name. 


Polyanthus  Narcissus. 

By  name,  2,t.  (d  per  dozen 


Crocus,  Choicest. 


SciUa  slbirlca. 

Extra    -ized    Bulbs. 
Per  100,  Sf.  .  p-r  dozen. 


LUy  of  the  Valley. 

Clumps.  i5i    per  dozen. 
Berlin  Crowns.  81,  per  io< 


Early  Roman  Hyacinths 

5-1.  per  i  o  :  21   per  do 


Double  TuUps. 

Choicest  sorts,  by  nan 


Jonquils,  Finest. 


Snowdrops,  Single  and 

Double,  21  6d  pet  lo.j 


The  Highgate   Collec- 
tion of  Bulbs.  zis.,4;s  , 

6;J,,S4.i  .  and  1- !s    e.icli. 


CUTBOSH'S  "MILLTKACK"  MUSHROOM  SPAWN 

The  only  true  "  Milltrack"  Spawn  made- 
It  goes  as  far  as  2  bushels  of  any  other  manufacture. 
Used  once  always  used.     All  Growers  sav  the  best  Spawn 
in  the  Maiket.       Price,  6r.  per  bushel ;    611'.  per  cake,  free 
p?r  parcel  prst.  ij 


WM.  CUTBUSH  (St  SON  (Limited), 

HIGHGATE    NURSERIES,   LONDON,  N. 


■   (J)ii(gstablt3lu6.! 

—  (Koo^0,  — 

SUPEKB    QUALITY. 

%\n  fjirk  of  ^ollanJ. 

Prices  very  moderate. 

jfi-ec  Deliverfcs. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUEi 

(Illustrated  I  | 

gitliablt  tiTumiia.  Address  in  full—  \ 

R^f^.Dl6I^S0N^S0NS,| 
Ube  (Uuccii's  Sce&isincn,    >  \ 
GHBSIPE^.^— — 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 

WE  offer  an  immense  assortment  of 
Choice  Flower  Roots,  including  all  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS.  TULIP.^i,  NARCISSI, 
LILIES,  GLADIOLI,  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMO- 
NES, &c  ,  all  at  the  most  moderate  prices. 

DANIELS'     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collections-Cakriacb  Free. 
FOR     OUTDOOR     DECORATION. 

No.  1.  Containing  1573  Selected  Roots      ■-         ..  ^2    2    o 


FOR  OREENHOUSE  OR  CONSERVATORY. 

0.  5.  Containing    968  Selected  Roots      . .         ..  £^    ^ 
.6  „  696        ,.  ,,  ..         ••     3    3 


FOR    POTS,    WINDOW-BOXES,    &C. 

No.  10.  Containing  771  Selected  Roots      ..  . .  ;C2     2     o 

..     ■■  ,.  376         ■     ■     o 

..     "  ,.  219         o  It     6 

These  collections  are  carefully  arranged,  and  are  made 
up  from  sound  picked  roots  only;  will  be  found  the  cheapest 
and  best  assortments  ever  offered 

Beautifully  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Choice  Flower- 
Roots.  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberry  Plants,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 


DANIELS    BROS. 

BULB    MERCll.-lNrS    and   NURSERVJIIEN, 
NORWICH. 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

Of  Superior  Quality. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS' 

COLLECTIONSoF  BULBS 

To  suit  all  requirements. 

SS"  These  Collections  are  arranged  on  a  most  liberal  scale^ 
and  contain  only  i/ie  most  easily  cultivated  and  attractive 
sorts  of  Winter  and  Spring  Floivers. 

VEITCH'S    COLLECTIONS    OF    BULBS 

FOR      INDOOR      CULTIVATION, 

At  lOs  6d.,  21s  ,  42s  ,  and  63s. 

For  particulars,  see  CATALOGUE,  Gratis  and  Post-free 


VEITCH'S    COLLECTIONS    OF    BULBS 

FOR    GROWING    IN    THE    OPEN    GROUND, 

At  lOs.  6d.,  213.,  423.,  and  63s. 

For  particulars,  see  CATALOGUE,  Gratis  atid  Post-free 

on  application. 


VEITCH'S  "CHELSEA"  COLLECTIONS 

FOR    GREENHOUSE,     CONSERVATORY, 

OR    SITTING-ROOM, 

Containing  only  the  mist  easily  cultivated  and  attractive 

sorts  of  winter  and  spring  flowers, 

At  213.,  42s.,  63s.,  and  lOSS. 

For  patticuUrs,  see  CATALOGUE,  Gratis  and  Post  free 
on  application. 


VEITCH'S      HARDY     BULBS 

FOR   MIXED  BORDERS.  SHRUBBERIES.  &c. 
One  Thousand  Bulbs  for  One  Guinea. 


ROYAL    EXOTIO    NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 

TEA  AND  NOISETTE   ROSES. 

Prices  and  full  particulars  on  af plication. 
GENERAL  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE 

of  Roses  for  Autumn,  1SS5,  now  in  course  of  preparation. 

EWXNG    &    CO., 

SEA    VIEW    NURSERIES,     HAVANT,     HANTS. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKSIANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  ol  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously. " 


(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Now  being  sent  out  at  js.  6d.   and  los.  6d.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHQT. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
■WORCESTER. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  *'  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Desctiptive    "List  of   New,  Rare,    and  Choice 

Ferns,"  free. 
Descriptive  *'  List  of  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 

W.   &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FEEN    NUKSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTEK. 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


423 


Autumn   and   Winter-flowering   Plants. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Begs  to  announce  that  in  consequence  of  the  hot  summer 
[lis  stock  of  the  above  is  remarkably  line  this  year,  and  well 
let  for  flower.  Early  Ortjers  are  solicited  for  the  followinf, 
*hich  are  now  ready  for  delivery  :  — 

AZALEA  INDICA,  in  variety. 

,,     MOLLIS,  seedlings  and  named  sorts. 

BOUVARDIAS,  leadme  kinds. 

CAMELLIAS,  leading  kinds.      [GIGANTEUM. 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  and  C.  PERSICUM 

DEUTZIA  CRENATA  FLORE-PLENO. 
,,     GRACILIS. 

EPACRIS.leading kinds.  ERICAS,  leadingkinds. 

HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      GRANDI- 

KALMIAS.  [FLORA. 

LILACS,  Chas.  X.,  and  other  leading  sorts. 

PRIMULAS  SINENSIS  ALBA-PLENA. 
..     double    leading  kinds. 

RHODODENDRONS,  of  sorts. 

SOLANUMS.  Williams' hybrid. 

STAPHYLEA  COLCHIlA. 


GRAPE         VINES. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  fir  Vines.     The  canes  both  for 
fruiting  and  plantmg  are  this  year  remarkably  fine. 

For  complete  List  and  Prices,  see 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE, 

which  can  be  had  Gratis  and  Post  free  od  application. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HULLO\V.-\Y,    LO.NDO.M,   N. 


FLOWERING  PLANTS 

For    AUTUMN    and   WINTER. 

STRONG,  HEALTHY,  and  FULL  of  BLOOM. 


Acacias,  i3j.  to  305   per  dozen. 

Azalea  indica,  t8j.  to  f)cs.  per  dozen. 

Bouvardias,  distinct,  Singles  and  Doubles,  15-r.  per  dozen. 

Camellias,  30*-  to  60^   per  dozen. 

Cyclamen    perslCUm  {Smith's  superb  strain),  full  of  buds, 

5-inch  pots,  iSi.  per  dozen. 
CytlsUS,  125.  to  185.  per  dozen. 
EpacriS,  best  sons.  i3j.  t^  30J.  per  dozen. 

Ericas,    hyemalls,    WlUmoreana,    caffra,    gracilis, 

autumnalls,  &C  ,  6-iiich  pots,  lis,  1030^,  per  dozeiL 
Gardenias,  iSi.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 

Lapa^eria  alba,  71.  6d\.o  421.  each. 
Lapageria  rosea  2;  6d.  tos*.  each. 
Llbonla  penrhoslana,  12^.  to  iZs.  per  dozen. 

Plmeleas,  very  fine.  y.s.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  best  Doubles,  named.  305.  to  425.  per  dozen. 

Primulas,  Double  While  and  Purj^le,  i8j^.  per  dozen. 

Tree  Caruations,  5-inch  pots,  24^.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 


Orange,  sinensis  (in  fruit),  2,?.  6d.  each. 

Greenhouse  Climbers,  in  variety.  iSj.  to  y.s  per  dozen. 
Grevlllea  robUSta,  s-i'ch  pots,  12s.  to  iSj.  per  dozen. 
Ferns,  Maldenbalr,  &C.,  in  Rreat  variety  ;  albo 

STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS. 

DESCRIPTIVE    LIST    FREE. 

Selections  from  above  may  be  made  at  dozen  prices. 

The  plants  are  remarkably  fine  and  cheap. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

CLAPTON      NURSERY,      LONDON,      E. 
Bush  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 

Al  the  above- 
large  quantities 
Plants,  Cyclamei 


imed  Nur.series  are  cultivated,  in  iinusuallv 
Azaleas,  Bouvardias,  Camellias,  ClioibinB 
Epacris.  Erica*,  Ferns,  Ficus.  Flowering  and 
ecorative  Hants  in  variety  :  Fruit  Trees,  Gardenias.  Genistas, 
rape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety  ;  Palms,  Pelargoni- 
ns.  Rhododendrons.  Roses,  Shrubs,  Stove  Plants  in  variety,  &c. 
ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. —The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy 


eption  of  i 


edented  e 
I  of  246,000  feet  superficial. 


HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 


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containing  1S5  .  FINE  BULBS  for  the  Open  Ground. 
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^ 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    3,    1S85. 


BATTLE    ABBEY. 

THOSE  who  have  read  Mr.  Freeman's 
account  of  the  Battle  of  Senlac  will  feel 
a  peculiar  interest  in  Battle  Abbey.  It  stands 
on  high  ground  7  miles  from  Hastings,  which 
the  Normans  had  occupied  after  landing  at 
Pevensey.  Harold's  own  vast  estates  included 
the  greater  part  of  Sussex,  and,  knowing  the 
country  well,  he  had  marched  straight  from 
London  and  pitched  his  camp  on  the  heights 
of  Senlac.  This  neighbourhood  is  the  most 
picturesque  part  of  Sussex.  The  town  and 
abbey  of  Battle  cover  the  summit  of  one  of 
the  points  of  the  Forest  Ridge.  At  the  time  of 
the  Conquest  the  great  primeval  forest,  the 
Andredes  Weald,  whose  remnants  form  the 
modern  Weald,  covered  the  whole  country, 
which  consists  at  present  of  pleasing  little  hills 
and  dales.  From  the  windows  and  terrace  of 
the  Duke  of  Cleveland's  house,  now  called 
Battle  Abbey,  the  extensive  landscape  includes 
Beachy  Head  and  the  distant  South  Downs, 
with  glimpses  of  the  wide  gieeh  lawn  called 
Pevensey  i\Iarsh,  and  Bex  Hill,  a  rising  water- 
ing-place on  the  coast.  The  sea  is  seen  through 
the  leafy  openings  between  the  hills,  and  imme- 
diately opposite  the  Abbey  is  the  highest  of  the 
neighbouring  hills,  known  as  Telham  Hill,  and 
called  by  the  Saxons  Hetheland,  or  Heathfield, 
a  name  now  given  to  another  hill  and  parish  of 
the  district,  having  a  similar  soft  and  sandy 
soil,  and  producing  in  great  profusion  the  same 
native  plant.  Heath  or  Heather. 

Harold  had  been  advised  to  baffli  the  enemy 
by  retreating  on  London  and  harrying  the  coun- 
try. He  replied,  "  Never  will  I  burn  an  Eng- 
lish village  or  an  English  house  ;  never  will  I 
harm  the  lands  or  goods  of  any  Englishman." 
The  Normans  had  landed  at  Pevensey  Septem- 
ber 28,  the  Battle  of  Hastings,  as  it  is  now 
called,  was  fought  October  11,  1066.  We  are 
not  concerned  here  with  this  great  event  in 
English  history,  except  as  it  introduces  the 
history  of  Battle  Abbey.  In  accordance  with 
his  promise  the  night  before  the  battle  the 
Conqueror  founded  a  monastery  in  honour  of 
St.  Martin  on  the  spot  where  Harold  and  his 
brothers  and  chief  followers  fell  in  the  last  act 
of  the  tragedy  as  night  was  closing.  The  mitred 
abbot  of  this  great  monastery  sat  in  Parliament, 
and  by  virtue  of  his  immunities  and  privileges 
he  was  a  thousand  times  more  the  master  of 
the  surrounding  country  than  the  present 
owner  of  Battle  Abbey. 

The  entrance  from  the  street  of  Battle  to  the 
grounds  in  which  the  house  and  ruins  are 
situated  is  by  a  Gothic  and  embattled  gateway, 
which  admits  the  visitor  into  a  wide  space 
between  the  gate  and  the  house.  Beyond  it 
are  the  ruins,  including  those  of  the  great  hall 
or  refectory,  and  a  beautiful  Gothic  hall  of  the 
time  of  King  Stephen  or  of  Henry  II.,  where 
the  monks  feasted  their  tenants  and  the  country 
round.  Beneath  it  are  crypts  divided  by  grace- 
ful columns  and  springing  arches,  forming  a 
somewhat  gloomy  vault  used  by  the  monks  as 
a  promenade. 


424 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885. 


The  ruins  of  this  great  estabhshment  have 
now  become  the  ornamental  rockwork  of  a 
shrubbery  (see  fig.  93,  p.  433).  The  site  of  the 
great  church  forms  a  sober  looking  garden  under 
the  south-east  windows  of  the  house,  and  is  en- 
tered from  its  side-door.  The  borders  are  edged 
with  Bo.\,  and  the  garden  itself  is  fenced  with  Yew 
trees.  Brilliant  gardening,  for  which  the  site  and 
soils  here  are  admirably  adapted,  can  hardly  be 
expected  from  an  octogenarian  proprietor.  1  here 
are  S  or  10  acres  of  shrubbery  around  the  house, 
and  eight  men  are  employed  in  this  department 
and  in  the  productive  kitchen  garden,  which 
consists  of  about  2h  acres,  within  walls.  Owing 
to  the  warm  soil,  shelter,  and  southern  position, 
this  is  a  land  of  outdoor  Figs  and  Peaches. 
You  will  hardly  see  within  a  day's  march  such 
wall  fruit  as  Mr.  Burgoine  can  exhibit.  His 
sorts  of  Figs  are  the  Brunswick,  which  in 
Devonshire  is  grown  as  a  standard,  as  it  is  in 
the  Sussex  village  of  Tarring,  and  the  Brown 
Turkey.  Mr.  Burgoine  very  modestly  attributes 
his  success  with  Peaches  partly  to  his  numerous 
hives  of  bees,  which  he  thinks  assist  the  setting 
of  the  blossom. 

Those  who  are  interested  in  the  growth  of 
tender  plants  outdoors  instead  of  under  glass, 
where  they  are  more  often  found,  will  not  1  hope 
complain  of  the  following  list  of  some  of  the 
plants  covering  the  terrace  wall,  however 
prosaic  it  may  be.  It  is  a  noble  wall,  300  or 
400  feet  long,  divided  into  compartments  by 
enormous  buttresses  facing  south,  and  more 
than  20  feet  high.  The  Normans  delivered 
their  attack  up  this  steep  front,  which  the  wall 
has  rendered  perpendicular,  the  house  and 
terrace  being  above.  A  lower  terrace,  bounded 
by  a, fence  of  Laurustinus,  passes  along  the 
foot  of  the  wall,  and  at  a  lower  level  runs  the 
valley,  with  its  streamlet  which  is  interposed 
between  the  heights  of  Senlac  and  Hetheland. 
Our  palatial  wall  is  built  of  the  warm-looking 
yellow-grey  sandstone  of  the  neighbourhood, 
and  the  tender  plants  it  shelters  flourish  in  a 
dry  and  light  loamy  soil,  which  is  both  absorb- 
ent and  retentive  of  warmth. 

First  on  the  list  must  be  named  Stauntonia 
latifolia  from  China,  an  evergreen,  20  feet  hi^h 
which  finds  here,  I  believe,  the  only  site  in  Eng- 
land where  it  bears  its  fruit.  This  specimen  was 
illustrated  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicie,Y<t\i.  19, 
1S76,  p.  244  ;  another  one  grows  in  the  abbey. 
The  Choisya  ternata,  6  feet  high,  bears  its  white 
blossoms  here,  as  well  as  Escallonia  montevi- 
densis,  which  is  too  tender  for  most  sites,  and  far 
more  so  than  E.  macrantha,  a  common  shrub  of 
this  neighbourhood.  Its  large  trusses  of  white 
flowers  are  very  handsome.  The  Nerium 
Oleander  flourishes,  but  does  not,  I  think,  flower 
here,  as  it  would  do  probably  with  a  sufficient 
supply  of  water.  Another  noble  and  unusual 
wall  shrub,  growing  20  feet  high,  is  the  showy 
Ceanothus  of  the  variety  called  Gloire  de 
Versailles,  with  long  spikes  of  pale  blue  flowers. 
Trachelospermum  jasminoides,  known  as  a 
stove  climber,  tops  the  wall  here  with  blossoms 
like,those  of  the  Jasmine,  and  has  safely  resisted 
20'  of  frost.  Mandevilla  suaveolens  generally 
bears  the  character  of  a  greenhouse  climber, 
which  may  be  cultivated  in  summer  out-of- 
doors,  but  does  not  then  produce  flowers.  Here, 
however,  it  is  hardy,  climbing  high,  and  bearing 
sweet  and  snowy-white  flowers. 

The  sweet  scented  Verbena  may  not  be  un- 
common outdoors  ;  but  it  is  a  favourite  in  many 
cottage  gardens  in  this  county,  as  in  Surrey 
also,  but  it  rarely  obtains  a  height  of  many 
feet,  and  does  not  blossom  freely,  if  at  all  ; 
whereas,  here  it  covers  the  wall  and  its  shelter- 
ing buttresses  to  a  height  of  20  feet,  and  I 
hardly  recognised  the  familiar  plant  at  first  in 
consequence  of  its  curious  disguise  of  a  white 
sheet  of  blossoms.  Trop^tolum  pentaphyllum 
and  T.  speciosum  both  grow  here,  the  former 
with  yellowish-red  blossoms,  being  the  greater 
novelty  of  the  two  and  demonstrating  a  light 


warm  soil  ;  the  latter  preferring  a  deep  and 
moist,  but  still  a  light  soil  with  a  warm  wall, 
and  bearing  the  apt  name  of  Flame  Nasturtium, 
from  the  brilliant  colour  of  its  flowers.  This 
creeper  is,  I  suppose,  when  growing  in  perfec- 
tion as  I  have  seen  it  covering  the  pillars  and 
roof  of  an  ornate  summer-house  in  Scotland,  or 
sometimes  of  a  cottage  porch,  one  of  the  most 
exquisite,  notwithstanding  its  small  blossoms. 
The  Habrothamnus  fasiculatus  with  its  gay 
branches  and  its  sheet  of  coral-like  berries  in 
spring,  is  described  in  Paxton's  Botanical  Die- 
tianarv  as  an  elegant  greenhouse  plant  bearing 
panicles  of  flowers  in  profusion.  So  it  seems 
from  what  I  saw,  and  so  says  Mr.  Burgoine,  but 
he  adds  that  it  ought  to  be  more  widely  grown. 
But  we  do  not  all  own  a  great  sunk  wall,  shut- 
ting out  north  and  east,  with  the  flower-favour- 
ing, shrub- producing  soil  of  the  Hastings 
Sands. 

As  for  other  items  in  this  catalogue.  Fuchsia, 
Fig,  and  Myrtle,  Magnolias,  Bottle-brush  tree, 
and  Pomegranate  are  all  here,  ornamental 
though  not  rare.  Quitting  this  interesting  spot 
we  looked  into  a  conservatory  and  saw  Brug- 
mansia  Knightii,  with  its  gigantic  white  and 
tubular  blossoms,  and  Luculia  gratissima,  which 
produces  its  cymes  of  fragrant,  pink-coloured 
flowers  at  Christmas— trusses  resembling  those 
of  the  herbaceous  Phlo-x.  This  is  a  tender 
plant,  not  very  easy  of  cultivation,  unless  when 
the  art  is  understood.  Pot  culture  should  be 
eschewed  as  the  border  of  the  greenhouse 
proves  a  more  suitable  position. 

Finally,  we  ascended  to  the  terrace,  passed  to 
a  retired  part  of  the  shrubbery,  where  the  found- 
ations of  "  Harold's  Chapel  "  mark  the  spot, 
near  some  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  in  the  midst  o( 
a  most  peaceful  garden  scene,  where  the  Saxon 
standard  was  planted,  and  where  the  last  of  the 
Saxon  kings  fell  in  its  defence.  We  cannot 
quit  the  spot,  unparalleled  as  it  is  among  all  the 
historic  sites  in  England,  for  the  importance  of 
the  event  that  occurred  thereon,  without  re- 
calling, in  a  few  words,  Mr.  Freeman's  account 
of  the  battle. 

It  began  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  and 
raged  nearly  six  hours  before  the  assailants  gained 
any  advantage.  A  series  of  single  combats  had 
been  fought,  the  rival  leaders  had  more  than 
maintained  their  reputation  for  skill  as  generals, 
and  for  personal  valour  as  fighting  men.  At  length 
the  ardour  of  the  defenders  and  their  confidence 
of  having  gained. the  day  led  to  their  discomfi- 
ture. A  feigned  retreat  was  executed  by 
William's  orders  ;  they  were  fatally  beguiled, 
and  following  the  enemy,  lost  their  defensive 
array.  The  slaughter  at  the  close  was  immense. 
A  deep  ditch,  called  appropriately  "Malfoyse," 
was  filled  up  level  with  the  bodies  of  the 
soldiers.  Harold's  brothers  Gurth  and  Leofric 
were  both  killed.  The  king  himself  was  killed 
by  an  arrow  later  in  the  day,  as  twilight 
approached,  and  the  sun  had  set,  before 
the  battle  closed,  the  last  blows  being  struck  in 
the  gloom  of  the  failing  light. 

The  body  of  the  Saxon  king  was  wrapped  in 
a  purple  robe,  and  buried,  by  the  Conqueror's 
permission,  by  one  of  his  knights,  Wm.  Malet, 
who  hal  been  one  of  Harold's  companions 
during  his  visit  to  Normandy.  This  noble 
knight  bore  the  body  to  the  Norman  camp  at 
Hastings,  and  buried  it  beneath  a  cairn  of 
stones  on  the  rocks  of  the  shore,  probably  at 
Fairlight.  In  December  following  it  was  re- 
moved to  Waltham  Abbey,  which  Harold  him- 
self had  founded.  His  tomb  was  destroyed  in 
1540. 

Eastward  of  the  church  at  Battle  are 
some  fields,  still  called  the  Lake,  and  some- 
times Sanguelac,  the  "  Lake  of  Blood,"  and 
a  few  years  ago  the  chalybeate  springs,  which 
form  the  sources  of  the  little  river  Asten,  were 
believed  to  owe  their  redness  to  the  blood  of 
the  slaughtered  English.  H.  E. 


PESCATORE.^  RUCKERIAN.A,  n.  sf.' 
Much  in  the  way  of  Pescatorea  Diyana,  but  entirely 
distinct  in  the  acute  undulate  sepals  and  petals,  which 
appear  to  be  fond  of  twisting,  which  produces  an 
entirely  novel  appearance.  They  are  white,  with  green 
apex,  and  3  large  light  purple  area  near  the  apex. 
The  lip  has  some  yellow  at  the  base  of  the  side  laciniee. 
The  large  callus  is  white,  the  anterior  part  purple.  It 
appears  triangular,  being  revolute  on  each  side,  and 
rolled  underneath  at  the  top.  This  is  very  peculiar. 
The  column  is  marked  by  a  purple  and  yellow  hue 
at  the  base.  This  fine  plant  has  been  grown  by  Mr. 
Francis  Kramer  in  the  Flotlbecker  Park,  the  grand 
place  of  Mr.  Riickerjenison,  who  combines  two 
names,  both  highly  regarded  in  Orchidic  circles.  It 
is  dedicated  with  great  pleasure  to  this  new  lover  and 
possessor  of  Orchids,  with  the  wish  that  this  first 
novelty  may  be  followed  by  others.  I  learn  that  the 
plant  was  imported  by  Messrs.  Linden,  of  Ghent. 
U.  G.  Rchl:  f. 

CVPRIPEDIUM  RADISSUM,  «.  hyl.  artif.,  VeiUh. 
(Lawrenceanum  X  Spicerianum.) 

A  cross  between  the  natural  species  and  the 
Sedenian-raised  Orchid,  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Harry 
Veitch.  It  is  stated  to  have  quite  the  habit  of 
Cypripedium  Spicerianum.  The  flower,  however, 
though  adorned  with  purple-mauve,  has  lost  the  chief 
feature  of  the  Cypripedium  Fairieanum  and  Spiceria- 
num— the  curved  undulate  petals.  The  leaf  at  hand 
has  neither  the  basilar  purple  blotches  so  conspicuous 
in  C.  Spicerianum,  nor  its  undulations.  It  is  light 
green,  with  scattered,  transverse,  dark  green  Hebrew- 
like  markings.  The  brown  peduncle  bears  a  very 
short,  keeled,  greenish  bract,  and  a  dark  brown  and 
greenish  ovary.  The  dorsal  sepal  is  remarkable — la 
piece  de  raislance  of  the  whole,  though  neither  so 
striking  as  ia  C.  Spicerianum,  nor  as  in  C.  Law- 
renceanum. 

It  is  rather  broad  and  acuminate,  white  with 
mauve-purple  lines  over  the  chief  nerves  (a  dozen): 
it  has  a  dark  purple,  almost  concealed  midrib. 
All  these  nerves  are  green  at  the  base,  and  have  a 
green  tint  between  them.  Dorsal  sepal  nearly  as  long 
as  the  lip,  with  light  brown  lines.  Petals  nearly 
divaricate,  though  descending  a  little  ;  a  little  undu- 
late at  the  margin,  and  provided  there  with  some 
cilix  :  green,  with  sepia-brown  midline,  a  wash  of 
sepia-brown  around  the  anterior  borders,  and  numer- 
ous sepia-brown  spots  on  the  upper  margin.  The  form 
of  the  lip  is  that  of  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum, 
green  on  the  back,  brown  with  green  border  in  front. 
Staminode  nearly  as  in  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum, 
though  only  with  three  teeth  in  front,  but  with  a  light 
mauve  disc  and  a  white  border.  The  orange  eye  of 
Cypripedium  Spicerianum  has  vanished. 

The  most  remarkable  thing,  the  nature  of  the  petals, 
has  already  been  alluded  to.  The  radiating  lines  of 
the  vexiUar  dorsal  sepal  have  been  kept  as  they  are 
in  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum,  but  coloured  with  the 
purple-mauve  of  Cypripedium  Spicerianum.  The  lip 
is  like  that  of  C.  Lawrenceanum  with  the  colours  of 
that  of  C.  Spicerianum  ;  and  so  the  staminode  bears 
a  compromise  between  the  shape  of  the  one  and  the 
colour  of  the  other.  All  these  phenomena  are  highly 
interesting.  H.  G.  Kihb.  f. 

DENnROBRiM    Lowii    (LiniH.)    pleiotkichum, 
«.  z'ar. 

Mr.  Edward  Low  kindly  sends  me  a  flower  of 
a  new  variety  of  this  rather  well-known  plant. 
There  are  no  red  lines  on  the  lip,  and  its  basilar 
lacinise  bear  numerous  short  hairs,  I/.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


•  Pescatorea  Riickerlana,  n.  sp. — AfT.  Pescatore?e  Dayanae, 
Rchb.  f.  Sepalis  tepalisqiie  cuneato-oblongis  acuti^  undulatis, 
hinc  tortis  ;  labelli  laciniis  lateralibus  angulatis,  lacinia  mediana 
triangula  antice  lavi,  lateribus  revolutis,  apice  acuto  involuto 
callo  majusculo  crenato,  dentibus  obtusis  quinis  mcdianis 
productis    H.  G.  KcM:/. 


OCTOBF.R    3,     1885. J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


42: 


COMMON    GARDEN    INSECTS. 

Insect-life  abounds  wherever  there  is  plant- 
growth.  Few  studies  repay  the  gardener  the  time 
spent  in  his  pursuit  better  than  that  of  the  insect 
inhabitants  of  his  garden  ;  nothing  is  more  soothing 
to  the  business  man  than  to  escape  the  smoke  and 
turmoil  of  the  city  and  spend  an  afternoon  or  an 
evening  amongst  the  plants  and  their  unbidden 
guests  that  every  garden  yields.  But  minds  differ, 
and  some  are  so  constituted  that  such  pursuits  as 
gardening  and  entomology  are  unsuited  to  their 
nature.  Let  us  hope,  however,  that  such  of  our 
readers  as  may  be  of  this  class  will  still  have  sufficient 
interest  in  the  wonders  of  outdoor  insect-life  as  to 
follow  us  in  our  little  entomological  rambles. 

It  is  a  hot  afternoon,  and  we  saunter  into  our 
garden ;  the  air  is  astir,  the  sound  of  ten  thousand 
insect  wings  blend  together  into  one  continuous  mur- 
mur ;  we  take  a  quiet  seat  near  the  flowering  Apple 
tree.  In  such  a  position,  at  the  edge  of  a  wood,  let 
our'ijreaders'imagine  themselves'for  the  momeDt  to  be 


ground  or  other  suitable  situation,  to  start  the  nest, 
and  serve  as  a  basis  for  its  construction.  Should  the 
little  architect  not  be  successful  in  finding  this,  she 
excavates  by  the  use  of  her  (eet  and  mouth  an  entirely 
new  hole  underground,  in  size  varying  according  to 
the  extent  of  the  colony  to  be  founded.  The  roof 
and  sides  of  this  subterranean  chamber  she  makes 
smooth,  and  licks  over  with  her  long  tongue, 
thereby  covering  them  with  her  glutinous  saliva. 
They  then  receive  a  coating  of  wax,  and  a  series 
of  waxen  cells  are  constructed  of  irregular  shape 
and  dimensions,  differing  in  this  respect  from  the 
hive-bee's  cells,  which  are  of  geometrical  construction. 
The  number  of  cells  built  in  the  nest  varies,  amount- 
ing sometimes  to  200  or  more,  but  in  general  not 
exceeding  half  that  number,  and  frequently  being 
only  twenty  or  thirty.  It  seems,  however,  that  at 
first  only  a  few  cells  are  constructed,  and  one  or 
two  eggs  placed  in  each.  The  little  white  larva;  that 
proceed  from  these  are  fed  by  the  mother  bee  with 
pollen  and  honey  mixed,  which  she  collects  from  far  and 
near,  and  they  remain  in  their  cells  during  the  pupal 


the  most  voracious — devouring  an  astonishing  number 
of  flies  of  moderate  size.  Some  brightly-coloured 
species  when  seen  winging  their  rapid  flight  in 
the  full  bljze  of  summer's  sunshine,  look  gorgeous. 
We  well  remember  years  ago  watching  for  hours 
together  amongst  dense  luxuriant  foliage  on  the 
banks  of  the  Seine  on  one  of  the  hottest  of  days 
of  the  season,  the  lovely  brilliant  blue  dragon- 
flies,  chiefly  of  the  genus  Agrion,  in  thousands, 
displaying  their  gaudy  colours  in  their  rapid  flight 
above  the  water,  when  all  Nature,  save  them  and  their 
prey,  seemed  lazy  and  overcome  by  the  heat.  The 
larvae  are  aquatic  We  have  kept  some  of  these 
insects  in  an  aquarium  for  a  long  time,  and  were, 
enabled  to  watch  their  transformation  closely.  They 
are  not  fastidious  in  their  food,  and  almost  any  live 
insect  of  a  small  size  that  comes  within  reach  is 
attacked  and  devoured  by  the  larvae.  The  manner  in 
which  the  fly  immerges  from  the  pupacase  is  very  curious. 
The  pupa,  when  the  proper  time  has  arrived  for  it  to 
undergo  the  last  process  of  its  transformation,  seeks 
out  a  convenient  water-plant  stem,  and  slowly  craw!*  ■ 


Fig.  90.— common  garden  inseci^ 


situated,  and  let  us  observe  a  few  of  the  most  con- 
spicuous insects  that  pass  before  our  eyes.  A  humble 
bee  (Bombus  lucorum)  is  the  first  to  attract  cur  atten- 
tion ;  it  is  about  to  pay  a  visit  to  the  Apple  blossom,  and 
is  worthy  a  brief  description  here.  This  species  is 
common,  and  makes  itself  conspicuous  in  neatly  every 
garden,  especially  in  the  neighbourhood  of  trees  ;  it  is 
not  so  sharp  a  creature  as  butterflies  or  wasps,  and  if 
engaged  in  extracting  honey,  or  gathering  pollen, 
or  in  nest-building,  it  may  readily  be  approached 
closely  and  examined.  It  is  one  of  the  sociable 
bees,  living  in  a  society  composed  of  three  castes 
or  sexes  — namely,  males,  females,  and  workers. 
The  females,  of  which  one  is  drawn  in  the  woodcut 
(fig.  90),  are  of  large  size  ;  the  males  are  some- 
what smaller,  and  the  workers  half  the  size  of  the 
females.  The  female  bee  is  black,  with  a  band  of 
white  across  the  abdomen,  and  the  end  of  the  body 
white,  and  of  yellowish  colour  underneath.  During 
the  winter  she  exists  in  a  torpid  condition  concealed  in 
crevices,  and  presenting  the  appearance  when  dis- 
covered of  being  dead.  In  early  spring  she  awakens, 
and  takes  to  wing,  and  seeks  out  a  convenient  situ- 
ation for  her  nest ;  a  soft  but  dry  mossy  place  is  pre- 
ferred, especially  if  there  be  already  a  hole  in  the 


state.  They  then  transform  into  workers  in  May 
and  June,  and  commence  at  once  to  relieve  the 
mother  in  her  arduous  duties.  They  build  more 
waxen  cells,  until  the  full  number  is  completed.  The 
mother-bee  supplies  one  egg  for  each  cell  as  soon 
as  it  is  formed.  And  so  proceeds  the  construction  of 
the  nest,  until  in  August  or  September  the  nest  is  full  of 
bees — workers,  males  and  females.  Some  of  the  latter 
sex  lie  dormant  in  a  cell  or  crevice  during  the  ensuing 
winter,  when  they  form  new  colonies  in  the  same 
manner  as  above  described,  and  so  commences  again 
the  cycle  of  bee.life.  An  interesting  incident  in  the 
economy  of  these  nests  is  the  utilisation  of  the  old 
empty  cocoon  or  pupa  cases  as  pots  for  storing 
honey  and  pollen,  into  which,  as  each  bee  returns 
from  a  foraging  excursion,  it  empties  its  supply. 

On  the  left  of  the  humble  bee,  in  the  illustra- 
tion, is  seen  a  large  insect,  which  will  readily  be 
recognised  as  being  one  of  the 

Dragon-flies, 

a  numerous  tribe  of  insects,  most  of  which  are 
possessed  of  handsome  colouring  and  form.  The 
species  represented  in  our  drawing  is  Libellula 
depressa,  not  one  of  the  prettiest,  but  certainly  one  of 


up,  and  when  it  has  become  somewhat  dry  the  skin 
splits  and  the  insect  comes  out,  generally  head  down- 
wards, the  large  wings  gradually  unfold,  and  after  a 
great  deal  of  preliminary  cautious  flutterings  it  takes 
to  wing,  and  helps  to  free  the  air  of  thousands  of 
smaller  insects.  In  the  top  left-hand  coiner  of  the 
illustration  is  figured  one  of  the  pret'iest  of  insects, 

The  Lacewing  Fly  (Chrysopa  vulgaris), 
which  belongs  to  the  same  family  as  the  dragon- flies, 
and  whose  beauty,  as  is  the  case  also  of  the  latter, 
lasts  only  during  life,  the  dead  insect  possessmg  but 
little  colour.  The  ample  wings  are  beautifully  trans- 
parent, of  a  brilliant  green  tint,  but  exhibiting  accord- 
ing as  the  light  falls  on  the  insect  nearly  every  colour 
of  the  rainbow,  and  covered  with  the  most  delicate 
and  beautiful  tracery  of  veins,  finer  than  the  finest  lace 
ever  produced,  the  antennae  being  long  and  tapering, 
and  in  the  head  are  set  a  pair  of  the  most  brilliant 
golden  eyes,  whilst  the  long  thin  body  is  light 
green.  Pretty  as  this  insect  thus  appears  to  the 
unaided  eye,  much  greater  beauty  is  brought  to 
view  by  the  use  of  the  microscope,  or  even  a  pocket 
lens  :  the  eyes  and  the  wings  are  then  seen  to  sparkle  in 
the  litjht,  supposing  the  fly  to  be  alive,  and  every  turn 


426 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  3,  18 


of  the  magnifyiog-glass  exhibits  to  the  view  (resh 
beauties.  Like  the  beauty  of  many  of  out  brilliant 
modern  aniline  dyes,  the  gorgeous  hues  of  this  insect  are 
fugitive  as  bright.  Only  in  the  living  insect  are  such 
hues  to  be  seen,  as  wiih  its  life  its  beauty  of  colour 
departs.  Moreover,  though  it  delights  the  sight,  this 
insect  offends  the  sense  of  smelling— the  odour  it  emits 
when  captured  or  annoyed,  is  exceeding  disagreable. 
The  eggs  of  the  lace-wing  fly  are  deposited  in 
a  curious  manner.  Each  egg  is  glued  on  the  top 
of    a    pedestal,  or    foot-stalk,  about    half    an    inch 


australis,  3  feet  4  inches  in  girth  ;  Argania  sideroxylon, 
Sida  micraniha,  Rhopala  Puhlii,  Ceratonia  Siliqua, 
and  last,  but  not  least,  a  magnificent  specimen  of 
Macrozamia  Mackenzii,  a  fine  Australian  Cycad, 
described  in  <jaideitcrs  Chronicle,  May  26,  1S77,  by 
itself  on  the  lawn.  A  Cycad  on  a  velvet  lawn— and 
such  a  Cycad  !  .Mackenzie,  who  saw  the  plant  himself, 
said  it  was  the  finest  in  Europe. 

As  the  visitor  descends  the  steps  to  the  walk  which 
leads  to  the  falls,  and  then  proceeds  along  the  top  of 
the  opposing  stretch  of  lawn  on  the  other  side  o!  the 


high,  formed  of  a  thick  glutinous  secretion  emitted  ravine,  he  notices  everywhere  the  foliage  of  high 
by  the  insect  {shown  in  fig.  90),  which  hardens  Palms  mingling  with  or  waving  above  the  trees  and 
almost  instantaneosly  on  coming  in  contact  with 
the  air.  The  larva  of  the  lace-wing  fly  feeds  chiefly 
upon  aphides,  or  plant-lice,  and  has  the  extraordinary 
habit  of  covering  itself  with  the  skins  of  its  victims. 
It  is  voracious,  eats  enormously,  and  grows  rapidly, 
and  in  from  two  to  four  weeks  after  emerging  from 
the  egg,  spins  an  unusually  small  cocoon,  and  trans- 
forms into  the  winged  state. 

Sicip  jAcic.  Beetles. 
A  large  family  of  beetles  known  as  skip-jacks,  or  nas 
click  beetles,  are  to  be  observed  on  a  great  variety  of  sapientu 
plants.  If  the  branches  of  a  tree  or  bush  be  shaken 
over  an  outspread  umbrella  or  sheet  of  paper  some 
specimens  may  generally  be  secured.  As  an  example 
we  have  given  a  common  species  in  fig.  90  on  the 
stem  of  the  Apple  tree.  When  alarmed  and  cannot 
escape  they  sham  death,  and  if  they  fall  on  the  back, 
as  they  are  sure  to  do,  suddenly  spring  into  the  air 
with  a  clicking  noise,  by  which  movement  they  gene- 
rally contrive  to  get  out  of  sight.  This  little 
manceuvre  is  managed  by  a  kind  of  spring  on  the 
underside  of  the  insect,  whereby  it  arches  its  body, 
thus  resting  on  the  head  and  tail  end  only,  and  then 
suddenly  straightens  itself,  the  spring  causing  the 
middle  of  its  hard  body  to  strike  the  ground  with 
such  force  as  to  carry  the  insect  into  the  air.     They 


shrubs— unquestionably  the  finest  combination  pos- 
sible in  a  garden.  Beneath  the  wall  on  the  left 
are  Ciianthus  puniceus  and  Fuchsia  lilacina,  the 
latter,  a  very  pretty  free-flowering  species,  very 
little  known  in  England.  (As  this  climate  is  too 
hot  lor  the  Lilac,  this  plant  forms  an  excellent 
substitute.)  Further  on,  on  the  same  side,  are 
Sparmannia  africana,  Ligerstiomia  indica.  Magnolia 
grandiflora,  quite  a  tree  ;  Ipomrea  Leari,  and 
Bignonias  ;  Kondelelia  (Rogiera)  rosea,  Erylhri- 
sorts,  Stadroannia  amabilis,  Musa 
Sireli  zia  regina,  Cannas,  6  feet 
high  ;  Imantophyllums,  Curculigo  glabra.  Hedj- 
chium  coronarium,  Libonia  floritmnda,  Lasiandra 
macrantha,  20  feet  high ;  Fuchsia  microphylU, 
prettily  trained  up  a  Dracasna  ;  Cantua  dependens, 
quite  fruticose  ;  Trachelospermum  jasminoides,  trained 
on  a  wall  ;  like*ije  Mandevilla  suaveolens  and  Clero- 
dendron  Thomsoni,  Franci^cea  (Brunsfelsia)  eximi.i, 
and  Solandra  grandiflora,  trained  over  the  path  and 
then  up  a  tree  on  the  oiherside.  The  most  prominent  of 
the  Palms  just  here  are  Sabal  umbraculilera,  6  feet  in 
girth,  and  altogether  a  magnificent  specimen  ;  Trachy- 
carpus  Fortunei,  30  feet  high  ;  and  Pha?nix  daciyli- 
fera,  40  feet. 

On  the  right-hand  side  is  an  Araucaria   excelsa, 
with  the  following  dimensions  :  — Height,    70   feet  ; 


so  high  a  position.  In  the  background  on  the  left  is 
a  group  of  blossoming  Camellias.  A  bridge,  con- 
structed so  as  to  harmonise  with  the  scene,  crosses  the 
stream  about  midway  between  the  falls.  Paths,  with 
Ferns  above,  around,  and  everywhere,  lead  up  to  the 
chief  falls.  Everything  is  so  marvellously  strange  and 
beautiful  as  to  be  beyond  the  powers  of  an  ordinary 
scribbler.  The  Tree  Ferns  in  the  glen  nearest  the 
rushing  stream  are  in  the  most  perfect  health,  every . 
frond  glowing  with  silver-beaming  spray  flung  from 
the  water's  chafed  breast.  Round  the  fount  into 
which  the  stream  first  pours  itself,  Dracainas, 
Bamboos,  and  the  Papyrus  take  the  place  of  the 
Ferns.  The  stream  so  impinges  that  much  of  the 
surface  of  Hippocrene,  as  this  rock-formed  tarn  is 
called,  is  calm,  except  for  the  ceaseless  circling 
ripples  swimming  to  the  marge — 

"  Reflecting  tranquilly  those  lines 
Of  tree  and  shrub,  and  rocky  steep, 
Towering  around  with  careless  grace." 


have  large  wings,  and  are  frequently  in  flight,  but  do      girth  at  i  foot  up,  S  feet ;  circumference  of  branch 


so  in  such  a  clumsy  manner  as  to  be  readily  caught 
by  the  hand. 

The  larvce  of  some  of  these  beetles,  especially  that 
of  the  common  skipjack,  or  Elater  sanguineus,  are 
the  well-known  and  well-hated  wireworms— so  named 
from  being  long  and  hard — which  commit  such  ex- 
treme havoc  with  our  crops,  whilst  many  garden 
plants  suffer  more  from  these  than  all  other  insects 
together — in  fact  they  may  be  said  to  be  indiscrimi- 
nate eaters  and  still  more  indiscriminate  destroyers, 
as  they  generally  devour  the  roots  and  lower  portions 
only  of  the  plants.  There  is  no  remedy  for  the 
mischief  of  these  grubs  so  efTectual  as  the  natural  one 
— frequent  hoeing  of  the  ground  and  "  high  "  culti- 
vation, whereby  they  are  exposed  to  the  attacks  of 
birds  and  moles,  which  are  their  greatest  enemies.  C 
Frauds  Yoiins. 


MONTSERRAT. 

(C«„dltdc.l /r.m,  J,.  ,91. 

Below  the  path  leading  round  to  the  falls  may  be 
noticed  a  high  group  of  flowering  shrubs  on  the 
confines  of  the  lawn.  This  is  known  as  the  Doctor's 
border,  in  memory  of  Dr.  Cargill,  a  personal  friend  of 
Mr.  Cook,  and  a  good  botanist,  who  spent  much 
energy  and  thought  on  the  place.  Among  the 
plants  in  this  border  are  Dacrydium  cupressinum, 
30  feet  high  ;  Colletia  horrida,  Dryandra  argentea, 
Dammara  obtusa,  50  feet  high  ;  Ceanothus  azureus 
flore-albo  has  to  be  cut  back  on  account  of  its 
vigour :  the  Guava,  which  bears  edible  fruit  in  hot 
seasons  ;  Aralia  pentaphylla,  Jacaranda  brasiliana, 
Leptospermum  buUatura  and  scoparium  ;  Lasiandra 
argentea,  Catanospermum  australe,  Exochorda  grandi- 
flora, Laurus  californica,  5  feet  9  inches  in  girth  ; 
Bombax  pubescens,  and  Araucaria  Rulei.  In  the 
surroundings  of  this  mass  of  foliage  and  flower,  i.e., 
on  the  lawn  or  on  the  high  bank  between  it  and  the 
encircling  walk,  may  be  found  the  following  (any- 
thing that  is  not  a  good  specimen  or  perfectly  healthy 
is  omitted,  so  as  to  make  the  list  reliable  for  those  who 
wish  to  know  what  exotics  can  be  grown  out-of-doors 
in  S  juth  Europe): — Ilabrothamnus  cyaneus,  Grevillea 
robuita,  70  feet  high  j  Magnolia  Campbell!,  Laurus 
fcelens,  Ficus  Benjamina,  Araucaria  Cunninghamii, 
70  feet  ;  Strelitzia  Augusta,  covering  a  large  expanse 
of  ground  ;  Sciadopitys  verticillata,  Cordyline  indi- 
visa,  30  feet  high  ;  Diospyros  ebenum,  Eriobotrya  ja- 
ponica,  33  yards  in  the  circuit  of  the  branches  ;  Eugenia 


1  the  craggy 
did   Ivy,' 


52  yards.  Aljoioing,  and  on  the  lawn,  a  Latania 
borbonica,  4  feet  9  inches  in  girth  at  3  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  19  feet  in  height  ;  Chorisia  speciosa, 
30  feet  high  ;  Piitosporum  Cargilli,  Brugmansia 
(Datura)  suaveolens  and  sanguinea,  the  latter  3  feet 
2  inches  in  girth  ;  Cycas  revoluta,  of  which  the  circuit 
of  the  branches  is  over  23  yards;  and  Hibiscus 
rosa  sinensis  are  among  the  other  notabilities.  A 
pretty  feature  is  formed  by  a  Rose  taking  possession 
of  an  Araucaria,  and  forming  an  arch  over  the  path. 

At  the  bifurcation  of  this  path  is  a  reservoir 
for  purposes  of  irrigation.  Its  walls  are  covered  by 
choice  creepers,  and  in  any  shadowed  crevices  are 
growing  exultingly  Maidenhair  F'erns.  Flowering 
plants,  such  as  Begonias,  purple  Lantanas,  and  the 
Cineraria  of  the  florists  are  planted  in  the  border 
adjoining  the  path.  In  the  angle,  where  a  walk 
leading  from  under  a  Fern-covered  tunnel  joins,  is 
another  tall  Date  Palm,  6  leel  1  inch  in  girth  as  high 
up  the  trunk  as  10  feet.  The  ground  around  is 
hidden  by  a  garniture  of  Ferns.  Among  them  are 
Nephrodium  setosum,  Asplenium  bulbiferum,  Lomaria 
gibba,  Adiantum  renilorme,  Asplenium  Veitchianum, 
Blechnum  brasilieose,  and  Nephrolepis  exaltata.  The 
low  rockwoik  bounding  the  path  and  all  the  way  to 
the  Valley  of  the  Tree  Ferns  is  Selaginella  clad. 
This  spot  is  called  Puck's  Corner,  because  that 
mischievous  fay  is  held  to  have  fostered  a  curious 
vegetal  growth.  It  was  thought  that  a  Cork  tree 
would  be  in  its  right  place  among  the  Ferns.  Accord- 
ingly it  was  planted,  supported  by  a  stake  cut  from  a 
Plane  tree.  The  stake  rooted,  and  the  two  trees 
have  grown  up  quite  apart,  as  if  from  one  base.  The 
girth  of  this  common  trunk  is  II  feet  I  inch,  a  matter 
of  twenty  years'  growth. 

"  Two  trees  in  one — puzzle  to  gardening  men  ! 
Plane  tree  and  Cork  in  sworn  hostility  ; 
For  with  averted  looks  they  climb  on  high, 
And  yet  their  bases  intertwiningly 
Mix  in  eternal  union  !  " 

The  walk  now  is  shaded  by  high  trees,  through 
which  the  sunshine  glances  fitfully  on  the  delicately 
chiselled  foliage  of  the  Ferns.  Ahead  the  roar  of  the 
falls  grows  louder,  and  the  plash  of  the  stream  against 
the  rocks.  The  undergrowth  of  Ferns  is  here  quite 
wonderful  in  its  variety,  Davallias,  Plerises,  Lomarias, 
and  Pellasas,  mingling,  as  if  their  fronds  had  been 
arranged  by  fairy  fingers.  Above  them  tall  Cyatheas 
and  Dicksonias,  their  stems  invested  to  by  inquisitive 
Fetnlets,  curious  to  know  what  the  world  is  like  from 


Enjoying  the  luxury  of  a  spray  b.ith 
steep  are  "  wilding  Ferns  and  bright 
and  Nile's  white  Lily  wadeth  far  into  the  water. 
Looking  down  the  rocky  channel,  so  lovingly  hid  by 
the  Ferns,  glimpses  of  the  glistening  finials  of  the 
palacio  and  the  great  lawn  can  be  seen  through  the 
trees.  Above  the  Ferns  on  the  right  are  Azalea?, 
Camellias,  and  Rhododendrons,  in  full  flower.  The 
best  view  perhaps  is  from  a  little  ledge,  which  is,  as  it 
were,  an  alcove  by  the  side  of  the  walk  we  have  fol- 
lowed from  the  house.  Here  we  are  in  the  centre  of 
the  Ferns,  and  whether  glancing  upward  or  down- 
ward, it  seems  as  if  we  were  in  another  land. 
Below  this  standpoint  the  watercourse  takes  a  turn, 
and  so  the  Ferns  cover  a  larger  expanse  of  ground. 
The  giant  curves  of  the  Cyathea  medullaris  fronds 
contrast  vividly  with  the  numerous  fresh  green  plumes 
springing  from  the  heads  of  the  Dicksonias.  The 
hill-side  for  some  distance  supports  the  same  exquisite 
greenery.  The  background  is  the  changeful  foliage 
of  Dr.  Cargill's  bed— his  "Thalamus"  he  playfully 
called  it, 


"Sith  it  lies 
A  bed  of  odorous  verdure  on 


thei 


It  is  lovely,  too,  at  the  foot  of  the  falls,  where  the 
brook,  issuing  from  the  Ferns,  speeds  from  rock  to  rock 
in  the  hollow  of  the  lawn.  Its  gushing  sound  attempers 
the  roar  of  the  great  cascade  which  hangs  whitening 
above,  although  only  revealed  in  part  by  the  jealous 
Ferns.  The  stream  above  the  falls  is  prettily  edged 
with  rocks,  and  the  path  near  it  likewise — a  Fern- 
girt  archway,  surmounted  by  Yuccas  and  Aloes,  being 
very  tastefully  designed. 

Just  at  hand  is  the  main  entrance,  through  an 
avenue  of  Goa  Cedars  (Cupressus  lusitanica).  Planted 
twenty  years  ago,  at  a  distance  of  30  feet  apart,  all  of 
the  trees  now  touch.  There  is  no  Conifer  with  more 
graceful  or  more  beautifully  traced  foliage  than  this. 
Behind  them  are  standing  tall  Araucarias  :  excelsa, 
Bidwilli,  and  Cunninghami  suit  the  climate  best. 
The  most  vigorous  Tree  Ferns  in  the  valley  are  Also- 
phila  excelsa,  Cyathea  arborea,  dealbata,  and  Smiihi, 
and  Dicksonia  antarctica  and  squarrosa.  The  most 
wonderful  growth  is  made  by  Cyathea  medullaris  ; 
one  specimen,  planted  four  years,  and  five  from  seed, 
is  now  15  feet  high.  One  of  the  fronds  formed  an 
ellipse,  of  which  the  diameter  was  13  feet  2  inches. 

We  will  again  return  to  the  walk  from  which 
we  diverged  to  see  the  Valley  of  the  Tree  Ferns, 
After  crossing  the  jbridge  the  way  lies  through 
an  avenue  of  Dicksonias  to  the  ruined  chapel 
of  Our  Lady.  This  ruined  fane  is  embowered  in 
trees,  and  its  crumbling  walls  are  clasped  round  by 
Ivy,  while  Roses  supply  its  roof.  Inside  is  a  valuable 
Etruscan  sarcophagus,  and  plants  have  been  intro- 
duced wherever  there  would  else  have  been  moulder- 
ing heaps  of  masonry,  chiefly  Ferns  and  the  larger- 
leaved  Begonias.  In  front  the  view  takes  in  the 
ravine.  Being  exactly  opposite  the  palacio  this  is  a 
good  place  also  to  observe  its  arabesque  architecture. 
Behind,  the  woods  and  ,-,7iAz  are  dense,  and  seemingly 
interminable.  The  trees  around  contain  a  fine  Podo- 
carpus  neriifolia,  and  an  Acacia  dealbata,  3  feet 
ID  inches  in  girth  at  5  feet  up.  The  most  extraordi- 
nary vision  of  all,  however,  is  a  Cloth  of  Gold  Rose, 
which  has  taken  possession  of  a  tubular-shaped  Cork 
tree.  The  Rose  has  clambered  up  its  support  so 
luxuriantly  as  to  kill  it,  and  still  thirsting  for  further 
conquests,  has  thrown  out  branches  to  the  neighbour- 
ing trees.  The  girth  of  the  thickest  stem  is  I  foot 
10  inches.     In  April  hundreds  of  flowers  were  blow 


OCTOEER  3, 


THE     G.IRDENHRS'     CHRONICLE. 


427 


irg,  and  hundreds  had  shed  iheir  pelals.  The 
side  of  the  palh  above  the  lawn  is  now  unplanled^ 
except  where  clumps  incurve  gracefully.  IJy  ihis 
means  is  shown  the  babbling  stream  at  the  foot 
of  the  lawn  and  a  magnificent  Eucalyptus  falcala, 
120  feet  high.  Kefore  the  walk  takes  a  turn  down- 
wards to  follow  the  course  of  the  stream,  the  follow- 
ing shrubs  and  tress  that  are  planted  by  its  side  may 
be  noticed  ; — Corynocarpus  laevigatas,  a  very  fine 
example  ;  Deutzia  scabra,  I'odocarpus  ferruginea,  a 
tall  Dryandra,  two  taller  Dammaras,  Lagenaiia  Talet- 
soni,  Eurybia  nitida,  Urachychiton  acerjfolium  and 
B.  populneum,  Jambosa  australis,  Knightia  excclsa, 
in  bloom  j  Phyllocladus  trichomanoides,  lierberis  ne- 
palensis,  Eugenia  buxifolia,  and  Acacia  melanox)lon, 
S  feet  in  girth.  At  the  head  of  the  steps,  which  begin 
the  descent  to  the  stream  can  be  seen  "  Mexico  ":— 

'■  Lo!  Mexico, 
Rock  strewn,  in  front  ol  thee,  what  colours 

glow 
On  his  hot  surface  !    All  that  Cactus  gives 
Of  undescribable  painting,  gorgeous  lives 
On  his  steep  slope,  and  .Moe's  flaming  head 
Shoots  dashing  upward  from  his  rocky  bed 
And  Yucca's  thousand  chaUces  of  snow.'" 

Roses  form  a  floral  archway  over  the  steps.     Pro- 
minent among  them  is  a  Marcchal  Niel,  which  here 
exhibits  no  signs  of  canker,   and  yet   grows    in  the 
most  luxuriant  manner.      The  girth  of    one  of  the 
branches  was  I  foot  S  inches.     A  group  of  flowering 
Camellias  also  brightens  the   vicinage.     Some  little 
way  down  the  steep  palh  is  a  stone  tar.k  for  water. 
The  sides  are  covered  with  Maidenhair  Ferns.     Over 
the  top  are  strewn  some  Cork  tree  branches,    upon 
which  is  trained  a  Boule  de  Neigi  Rose,     When  the 
path  reaches  the  brook  there  is  a  choice  of  two  ways, 
one   conducting  to   "Mexico,"  and  the  other  down 
the  right  hand  bank.      Let  us  take  the  latter.      For 
the    first    part     it     is     an    arcade    of    trees,     with 
glimpses    of  bright    Rhododendrons    and    the   deep 
glaucous  spears  of  the  Agaves.     Over  the  rocky  bed 
of  the   stream  the  hillside  rises  abruptly.     Soon  an 
opening    discloses    a    bank   of    Yucca    under   some 
old    Goa,    Cypresses,     among     which,    for    contrast 
sake,    are    planted    Cupressus    fastigiata    and    tree- 
like   New    Zealand    Dracenas.       Still    further   back 
are    wizened    grey    Cork    woods,     and    in     a    line 
down  the  valley    Pines,    terminating    in   the   vividly 
coloured    Taxodium   distichum.     Miniature  cascades 
occur    whenever    the    path     takes    a    sudden    dip. 
In  another  open  space   Hydrangeas  and  Ferns  have 
for  company   the  merry   prattle   of   a   little   runnel. 
Further  on  Rhododendrons  hide  the  stream,  and  we 
leave  the  overarching  loliage  and  seem   to  be  at  the 
bottom  of  a  deep  valley,  with  wooded  steeps  on  either 
side.     The  undergrowth  of  Arbutus,  Heather,   Peri- 
winkle, and    Foxglove  is  thick,  but  also  bright  and 
pleasant,  and   natural   in  every  prospect.     The  scene 
soon  changes  ;  we  are  beneath  an  arbour  of  Laurels, 
in  which  a  cascade  makes  trilling  melody.     In  the 
recess    is  a  moss-grown   sarcophagus,    biought    from 
Etruria.      On   the  top    piece  is  a  lady    in    a    semi- 
recumbent  position,  as  if  prepared  for  resurrection, 
and  holding,  curiously  enough,  a  patera  in  her  hand. 
The   relief   on   the   side    consists    of    two    dolphins 
bestridden   by  boy  figures,    with    a    mask-like    head 
between.     Further  down  the  stream  variation  is  again 
introduced  by  Palms,  New  Zealand  Flax,  Bamboos, 
and  Fabianas.    The  brook  also  comes  more  into  view, 
luxuriant  Ferns  thick  by  its  side.    In  a  sheltered  dingle 
Sikkim  Rhododendrons  perfume  the  air,  and  above, 
waving  Eucalyptus  heads  tell  of  breezes  that  here  only 
gently  fan.    Every  yard  or  so  as  we  descend  the  valley 
there  is  something  fresh.     Here  it  is  a  wild  Vine,  the 
original  support  of  which  has  died  down,  so  that  the 
root  is  connected  as  it  were  by  a  tibrous  rope  to  the 
head  in  a  tree  some  distance  off.     Here  in   a  ver- 
durous hollow,    beneath  the  shadow  of  the    Limes, 
just  newly  fledged,  the  Duke's  brook  comes  hastening 
■down  from  O^munda  Glen  to  join  our  stream.     Be- 
yond this  point   the  path  is  about  50  feet  above  the 
water,  so  that  only  glances  of  its  flashing  waters  can 
be  seen  through  the  foliage.     On  the  other  side  are 
orchards   of    golden-fruited    Oranges    and    Lemons. 
Finally,    Peneus,   for  so  the  brook  whose  course  we 
have  followed  is  called,  glides  through  cultivated  fields 
to  the  "Vatzea  ;  its  banks  the  home  of  wild  Flags  and 
Gladioli. 

The  south  sloping  lawn  at  the  threshold  of  the 
palacio  is  bounded  to  the  west  by  *'  Mexico,"  which  is 
situated  on  the  side  of  a  minor  ridge,  and  sheltered 
cm  the  west  by  a  group  of   Pine  trees.     Mr.  Cook 


in  the  vicinity  of  "Mexico"  proper  has  lately  experi- 
mented with  Palms  he  was  chary  of  trying  at  first  ; 
a  list  of  those  that  are  healthy  will,  therefore,  be 
valuable.  They  are  I'hnnix  reclinata,  Piychosperma 
Alexandras  (Archontoph..nix  Alexandt;c),  Cocos 
plumosa  and  Weddelliana,  llowea  (Kentia)  Belmore- 
ana,  and  Rhopalosiylis  (Areca)  Baueri.  A  path 
runs  along  the  head  of  this  group,  on  the  other  side 
of  which  is  a  dense  growth  of  Vucca  Parmentieri  and 
Agave  coccinea.  One  of  the  latter,  in  flo*er,  had 
a  flower-spike  22  feet  in  height.  Many  of  the 
Yuccas  were  15  feet  high,  and  were  most  striking 
and  effective,  while  those  in  flower  looked  as  if  they 
were  rearing  a  fountain  from  their  midst.  Mesem- 
bryanthemums  and  G^zanias  fill  up  any  bare  spaces 
both  #h  the  border  and  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks 
that  border  the  path.  A  noticeable  plant  in  flower 
is  Dasylirion  longifolium.  A  great  beauty  of  this 
path  is  formed  by  a  tree  which,  having  been  blown 
across  the  path  so  as  to  leave  a:nple  passage  to  pass 
below,  has  not  been  removed.  An  Aciinidia 
was  growing  on  the  fallen  tree.  The  climber 
still  continues  to  do  so,  but  being  thrown  near 
a  tall  Grevillea  robusta,  70  feet  high,  has  also 
ascended  it,  and  is  flinging  itself  from  branch 
to  branch  in  wild  luxuriance.  The  efiect  is  inde- 
scribably beautiful,  as  also  are  other  trees  over- 
run in  a  similar  manner  by  Tacsonias,  Tecomas,  and 
Maurandyas. 

In  "Mexico"  proper  Aloes  and  Yuccas  of  every 
kind  abound,  and  monotony  is  avoided  by  inserting 
Palms.  As  there  are  here  some  of  the  finest  Palms 
in  the  garden,  it  will  simplify  matters  to  take  them 
all  at  once,  not  as  we  come  upon  them.  Areca 
(Rhopalostylis)  sapida,  one  leaf  of  which  measured 
12  feet  ;  two  wide-spread  Date  Palms,  the  circum- 
ference of  the  branches  of  one  was  39  paces  ;  Phrj?nix 
rupicola,  Caryota  urens,  Livistona  Hoogendorpii, 
Howea  Forsteriana,  and  Euterpe  edulis  were  among 
the  most  prominent  or  worthy  of  notice  for  being 
grown  in  the  open.  Among  the  other  plants  may  be 
mentioned  a  group  of  five  Dracjena  Dracos,  large 
Cacti,  Dasylirion  acrottichum,  some  in  flower  ; 
Opuntias,  Echium,  pride  of  Teneriffe  ;  Eucharis 
grandiflora,  Drac:Ena  Shepperdi,  Bonapartea  juncea, 
Poinsettia  pulcherrima,  V'riesia  glaucophylla,  and  two 
Cycads,  namely,  Encephalartos  villosus  and  Macro- 
zamia  cylindrica.  At  the  foot  of  this  varied  bank  of 
plants  is  another  little  reservoir,  which  is  covered  by 
damp  loving  plants,  and  circled  and  shadowed  by  a 
Monstera  deliciosa.  The  hillside  above  is  covered 
with  Cedars,  Eucalypti,  and  Cork  trees, 

A  short  distance  out  on  the  lawn  from  ' '  Mexico  "  are 
the  .Yraucaiias  that  were  so  prominent  from  the 
south  portico.  The  best  specimen  of  A.  Bidwilli  is 
9  feet  in  girth  at  I  foot,  and  7  feet  II  inches  at  4  feet. 
The  circumference  of  the  branches  is  60  yards,  and 
the  height  65  feet.  A.  Cunninghamii  is  taller,  but  not  so 
widespread,  with  a  girth  of  6  feet  5  inches  at  j  feet. 
In  the  centre  of  the  group  are  three  Aexcelsas,  each 
approaching  So  feet  in  height  ;  the  middle  one  girths 
8  feet  3  inches  at  3  feet,  and  the  distance  round  the 
branches  is  63  yards.  Here  also  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  it  has  only  taken  a  period  of  twenty  years 
for  these  fine  Araucarias  to  reach  the  above  dimensions. 
Behind  them,  on  the  ascending  slope,  is  a  group  of  tall 
Palms.  Piychosperma  Cunninghamiana,  25  feet  high, 
and  2  feet  6  inches  in  girth  ;  Seaforthia  elegans,  Livi- 
stonia  borbonica,  Corypha  australis,  and  Chamcerops 
excelsa  are,  perhaps,  the  tallest.  The  Corypha  is 
45  feet  high,  and  at  2  feet  girths  5  feet  9  inches.  The 
contrast  afforded  by  the  Palms  to  the  Eugenias  and 
Cupressus  funebris  above  them,  and  to  the  Araucarias 
is  most  striking. 

The  west  side  of  the  house  is  chiefly  remarkable 
from  gay  beds  of  Rhododendrons  and  Roses  planted 
in  a  bow-like  hollow  under  the  shade  of  a  wooded 
knoll.  The  Acacias,  many  of  them  in  flower,  brighten 
up  the  surrounding  foliage.  Below  the  Roses  is  a 
sweet  woodland  path  leading  round  to  the  north  side 
through  Pines  and  Eucalypti.  A  beautiful  effect  is 
given  by  covering  spots  on  the  lawn  where  trees  have 
been  taken  down  with  crimson  Mesembryanthemums, 
and  by  planting  Yucca  and  Aloes  on  the  turn  of  a 
steep  bank. 

The  kitchen  garden  is  at  the  base  of  the  hill  on  the 
north  side,  and  is  protected  by  a  high  Pittosporum 
hedge.  Two  noticeable  plants  are  growing  in  the 
open  there,  to  wit,  Anona  glabra  and  Chrysophyllum 
imperialis  (Theophrasla  imperialis).  In  the  imme- 
diate neighbourhood  of  the  house  on  this  side  may  be 
found   Gardenias,    Illicium    floridanum,    Caladiums, 


Abutilons,    and  numerous   other  greenhouse   shrubs 
and  plants— at  least,  so  termed  in  England. 

The  above  is  but  a  meagre  sketch  of  Montserrat, 
and  but  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  plants  have 
been  mentioned.  The  estate  extends  for  some  distance 
along  the  side  of  the  serra  towards  Cintra,  and 
includes  in  its  confines  a  second  ravine  and  series  of 
cascades.  Here  the  planting  is  nearly  all  natural, 
and  few  exotic  trees  are  to  be  found.  Nevertheless, 
the  effect  of  the  bright  carpeting  of  the  Cistuses  and 
the  dark  verdure  of  the  Cork  woods  was  bewitchingly 
pretty.  C.  A.  M.  C. 


THE   VERBENA. 


The  enterprise  shown  by  Mr.  W.  Stacey,  nursery- 
man, of  Great  Dunmow,  seems  likeiy  to  ensure  for  the 
Verbena  a  further  time  of  popularity,  like  that  which  it 
enjoyed  manyyearsago,whenSiTiith,Sankey, Edmonds, 
and  others  did  so  much  to  improve  it,  more  than  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  ago,  a  wurk  continued  later  by  Perty, 
Eckford,  iS:c.  Mr.  Stacey  both  raises  good  things  and 
cultivates  them  well,  and  when  he  brings  specimens 
to  London  they  are  always  in  the  best  form,  and  com- 
mand general  admiration.  lie  has  endeavoured  to  im- 
prove the  habit  and  flowers  alike,  and  we  should  like 
to  see  the  Verbena  more  generously  encouraged  as  an 
exhibition  plant.  In  some  of  the  West  of  England 
shows  plants  of  large  size,  finely  grown  and  bloomed, 
can  be  seen  during  the  month  of  August  ;  and  though 
they  may  present  to  the  eye  a  rather  formal  mass  of 
flower  when  trained  over  the  sloping  wire  trellises 
used  in  that  part  of  ihe  country,  they,  when  well 
done,  always  command  admiration.  That  they  can 
be  grown  into  fine  decorative  specimens  does  not 
admit  of  doubt,  because  it  has  been,  and  still  is  being 
done  ;  the  close,  short-jointed,  wiry  growth  found  to 
be  characteristic  of  some  of  Mr.  Stacey's  new  varieties 
renders  them  well  adapted  for  this  purpose. 

The    production   of  new    varieties    by  Mr.  Stacey 
extends  over  the  past  three  or  four    years  :  and   the 
fact   that   several   of  them  have  received   First-class 
Certificates    of  Merit   attests    to    their   size  and    ex- 
cellent   form.       The    following   two   dozen    varieties 
represent  the  cream  of  the   Dunmow  collection,  viz.  : 
— Lord  Brooke,  rich  shaded  scarlet,  with  conspicuous 
white  eye,  pip  large,  stout  and  of  fine  form  ;  Striata, 
a   charming   striped    variety,  the   ground   white,   the 
stripes  or  quarterings  pink,  the  pip  of  line  form  and 
the  trusses  of  bloom  large  and  bold  ;  Hamlet  is  a  fine 
variety  of  an  orange-crimson    colour,    pip   and    truss 
very  6ne  ;  Ophelia,  rich  rose-puce,  very  pleasing  and 
distinct  in  colour,  pip  large  and  tine  ;  Lilacina,  pale 
lilac  with  dark  centre,  very  pretty  and  distinct ;  Fairy 
Queen,  light  ground  wiih  a  conspicuous  red  centre, 
looking    like    a    Phlox,    very    pretty    and    distinct  ; 
Butterfly,  rosy-purple  shaded  with  maroon,  and  large 
white    centre  ;    Purpurea,    rich    violet-purple,    with 
white  eye,  pip  of  very  fine  form  ;  Othello,    crimson- 
maroon,     suffused    with     purple,     habit     excellent, 
a  fine  variety  for  bedding   purposes  ;  Purity,  white, 
a   remarkably    fine   Verbena,    and   one   of  the   best 
for  exhibition  purpose?,  large  and  stout  in  pip   and 
handsome  in  truss  ;    Compacta,   also  a  good    useful 
while   variety,   large    in    pip   and    stout  in    texture; 
Mabel,    delicate     mauve,    very   pretty   and    in    good 
foim  ;    'I)elicata,    clear  pink,    very   pleasing    and   of 
good  form  ;  Fantastic,  a  fitting  name  for  a  very  dis- 
tinct variety,  the  ground  colour  salmon  pink,    striped 
with    scarlet,     pip  large   and   bold  ;     Lady   Brooke, 
bright  pink,  with  a  darker  shade  in  the  centre,  white 
eye,  pip  large,  and  of  tine  furm,  the   tiuss  bold  and 
striking  ;     Harlequin,     white,     heavily    flaked    and 
spotted  wiih  rosy-purple,    truss  and  pip  very  fine  ; 
Magnate,    pale  pink,   with  lemon  centre,  large  and 
fine;  Oiion,  bright  carmine-scarlet,  yellow  eye,  large 
pip,  of  fine  form  and  bold  truss;  Captivator,  shaded 
crimson,  with  large  white  eye,  a  good  useful  variety  ; 
Miss  Maynard,  violet-purple,  with  light  centre,  truss 
very  line  ;  Lord  Wolseley,  claret,  shaded  with  purple, 
large  white  eye,   fine  pip;    Rosy  Morn,  bright  rose, 
Flambeau,  fiery  scarlet,  with  conspicuous  lemon  eye, 
a   fine  and  striking  variety  ;  and  Ruby,  deep  ruby- 
crimson,  with  while  eye. 

Here,  then,  we  get  a  batch  of  new  Verbenas  of 
denoted  excellence,  and  it  must  be  said  that  the 
striped  varieties,  Striata,  Fantastic,  and  Harlequin 
are  remarkably  good,  and  tell  forcibly  in  a  stand  of 
cut  blooms  for  exhibition. 

The  Verbena,  when  grown  in  pots,  must  have  a 
liberal  course  of  treatment.     In  the  West  of  England 


428 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOUER   3     X'&'SS. 


the  plants  are  grown  in  what  may  be  termed  absurdly 
large  pots,  but  perhaps  they  are  necessary  to  bring  to 
perfection  the  fifty  or  sixty  fine  trusses  of  bloom  seen 
on  some  of  the  specimens.  A  good  soil  for  these 
plants  when  grown  in  pots  is  a  fibrous  loam  and  wel' 
decayed  manure,  and  when  the  plants  are  fully 
established  they  are  greatly  benefited  by  waterings  of 
weak  liquid  manure.  Treated  thus,  plants  will  yield 
a  good  display  ot  bloom  for  three  or  four  months,  and 
will  be  found  highly  effective  in  the  greenhouse  and 
conservatory.   R.  D. 


GROWTH    AND    REST. 

Few  phenomena  of  plant-life  are  more  distinctly 
marked  out  than  the  alternations  of  growth  and  of 
arrest  of  growth.  Sometimes  the  arrest  is  absolute,  at 
other  times  it  is  relative,  while  frequently  there  is  no 
absolute  arrest,  but  a  change  in  the  direction  or 
mode  of  growth.  When  a  leaf-shoot  ceases  to  grow 
and  encases  its  extremity  in  a  winter-bud,  the  arrest 
is  for  the  time  absolute  ;.  but  when  the  shoot 
ceases  to  grow  in  length,  and  its  leaves  become 
modified  to  form  the  several  parts  of  the  flower, 
the  process  is  clearly  not  so  much  one  of  arrest 
as  of  change  in  the  mode  of  growth.  The  illus- 
tration (hg.  91)  affords  examples  of  arrest,  followed 
by  renewed  activity  of  growth.  The  inflorescence  of  a 
Sempervivum,  in  place  of  producing  flowers,  as  usual, 
developed  a  series  of  rosettes  or  tufts  of  leaves,  which 
occupied  the  position  usually  filled  by  the  flowers. 
In  this  case  the  axis  or  branch  supporting  the  leaves 
was  arrested  in  growth,  the  consequence  of  which  was 
that  the  leaves  were  all  crowded  together  into  a  tuft. 
When  we  first  received  the  plant  the  inflorescence 
was  a  mass  of  these  tufts,  but  after  a  few  days  the 
centre  of  several  of  the  rosettes  elongated  and  pro- 
duced leaf-bearing  shoots,  as  shown  in  the  figure. 


rock  and  the  wooded  hill  whence  rise  the  ruined 
walls  of  the  castle,  through  a  flowery  meadow  to  the 
lonely  old  mill,  formed  together  a  rural  landscape 
not  easily  forgotten,  and  we  returned  to  Totnes  well 
sitished  with  our  short  excursion. 

Dartington  and  Staverton. 
Our  next  day's  destination  was  Dartington  Hall 
and  Staverton,  the  first-named  place  being  the  resi- 
dence of  Arthur  Champernowne,  Esq.,  the  repre- 
sentative of  one  of  the  oldest  Devonshire  families, 
who  has  himself,  unaided,  unravelled  the  very 
complex  geological  structure  of  this  district.  Looked 
at,  by  the  way,  broadly,  the  geology  of  Devon- 
shire   is   not  at    all    puzzling.       The  oldest   rocks — 


able  stream.  By  its  water,  now  a  shallow  silver 
ripple,  here  a  dark  black  swift  running  pool,  and 
there  breaking  in  white  and  amber  foam,  we  noticed 
Sparganium  neglectum  in  fruit,  and  an  abundance  of 
Alder,  whilst  in  the  neighbouring  fields  the  Oaks 
were  all  apparently  of  the  pedunculate  variety, 
Dartington  is  mentioned  in  Doomsday,  the  greater 
port  of  the  building,  however,  is  the  work  of  John 
Holland.  Earl  of  Huntingdon  and  Duke  of  Exeter, 
half-brother  of  Richard  H.  It  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Champernowne  family  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
Though  there  are  traces  of  other  buildings  forming,  per- 
haps, a  second  quadrangle,  the  existing  remains  almost 
enclose  a  rectangular  space  equal  in  area  to  "Tom 
quad  "  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford — a  space  now  divided 


EIGHT  DAYS   IN   THE  GARDEN 
OF   ENGLAND. 

{Continued  from    /.     406.) 

Berry  Pomeroy. — The  chief  sight  of  the  Totnes 
district,  which  is  the  correct  termination  to  the  brief 
voyage  up  the  navigable  portion  of  the  Dart,  is  the 
picturesquely  situated  castle  of  Berry  Pomeroy.  On 
the  road  from  Totnes  to  the  village  of  Berry  Pomeroy, 
a  distance  of  less  than  2  miles,  one  of  the  plants  we 
noticed  was  an  Arum,  which  in  the  number  of  its 
ovaries  and  their  spiral  arrangement  suggested  A. 
italicum  rather  than  A.  maculatum.  Ttie  church, 
though  exhibiting  to  the  main  road  an  unprepossess- 
ingly  severe  tower,  has  a  pretty  Ivy-grown  east  end  of 
red  stone,  and  a  fine  Yew  tree  stands  in  the  churchyard, 
whilst  the  wall  of  the  adjoining  parsonage  is  beauti- 
fully decked  with  Ferns,  Polypody,  Wall  Rue,  Hart's- 
tongue,  English  Maidenhair,  and  Asplenium  Adian- 
tum  nigrum,  side  by  side.  Not  far  olT  is  a  magnificent 
Sycamore,  which  we  measured  at  6  feet  from  the 
ground,  as  the  ground  level  having  altered,  its  roots 
began  at  almost  5  feet  from  the  present  roadway.  Its 
girth  was  l6\  feet. 

The  castle  is  situated  in  a  beautifully  wooded  glen, 
mainly  composed  of  Beech,  which  "  high  overarch'd 
embower,"  and,  though  standing  on  a  commanding 
knoll  with  a  steep  slope  on  three  sides,  is  shut  in  by 
higher  wooded  hills  on  all  sides.  There  are  some 
fine  Ash  trees  about  the  entrance,  and  also  a  rank 
growth  of  fine  Teazles,  Figwort,  and  other  weeds,  with 
magnificent  clumps  of  Hart's-tongue — under  the 
trees  on  one  side  the  mound  is  literally  draped  with 
this  Fern.  An  Elizabethan  mansion  built  by  one  of 
the  Seymours  within  the  Norman  castle,  and  gutted 
by  fire,  forms  the  most  attractive  part  of  the  Ivy- 
grown  ruin.  At  the  foot  of  the  northern  slope  of  the 
castle  hiU  runs  a  little,  tributary  of  the  Dart,  which, 
after  widening  out  into  a  withy  bed  bright  by  clumps 
of  purple  Loosestrife,  flows  over  the  wheel  of  an  old 
mill  that  from  the  substantial  granite  work  of  its 
windows  might  well  be  coeval  at  least  with  the 
mansion  in  the  castle.  Of  the  Lythrum  all  three 
forms,  long,  short,  and  medium-styled,  seemed  equally 
abundant,  and  associated  with  it  was  the  Great 
Skull-cap  (Scutellaria  galericulata).  A  limestone 
quarry  hard  by,  streaked  with  every  shade  of  red  and 
grey,  was  copiously  overgrown  with  Betony,  Wood 
Germander,  and  the  little  white  stars  of  Sedum  album, 
which  is  distinctly  one  of  the  plants  of  the  district. 
The  babbling  brook  flowing  from  the  wood-clad  head 
of  the  glen,  between  ihcacarped  rich  coloured  exposed 


#> 


Fig.  91. 


-INFLORESCENCE   OF   SEMPERVIVUM,    IN    WHICH   THE    FLOWERS    WERE   REPLACED    BV 
TUFTS   OF    LEAVES, 


the  Devon'an — form  two  bands  along  the  north  and 
south  coasts  of  the  county,  extending  in  each  case  for 
some  10  or  12  miles  inland,  and  united  subterraneously 
as  two  parts  of  a  great  trough  or  "  synclinal  '*  fold  in 
which  lie  the  carboniferous  "  culm-measures  "  of  the 
centre  of  Devon  ;  whilst  through  the  southern  portion 
has  been  thrust  the  great  mass  of  granite  rocks  forming 
Dartmoor.  When,  however,  we  come  to  study  the 
local  efTects  of  these  foldings  and  intrusions,  we  find  a 
well-nigh  inextricable  mass  of  faults,  dykes  and 
local  minor  folds  ;  and  these  it  is  that  Mr. 
Champernowne  has  unravelled  in  the  Totnes 
area.  Our  two-mile  walk  to  the  Hall  was  mostly 
through  the  meadows  on  the  gravel  terraces  of  the 
Dart,  which  passes  over  a  partly  natural  weir  of  lime- 
stone a  little  above  the  town  of  Totnes,  and,  in  the 
present  exceptionally  dry  season  appears  above  that 
point  as  a  broad,  winding,  shallow,  and,  in  fact,  ford- 


by  a  modern  wall  and  containing  some  exception- 
ally large  Cherry-Laurels  and  a  very  fine  Deodar. 
On  the  west  side  is  the  great  hall,  nearly  70  feet  by 
40  feet,  and  about  50  feet  in  height,  with  the  main 
entrance,  and  kitchens  overgrown  with  Ivy  and 
mainly  roofless,  the  roof  having  been  taken  down, 
in  the  present  century.  It  is  in  the  Early  Perpendicular 
style,  and  the  simple  slender  muUions  of  the  lofty 
windows  have  a  magnificent  effect.  They  are,  how- 
ever, probably  a  somewhat  later  insertion.  The  en- 
trance exhibits  some  very  fine  ogee  moulding,  and  the 
central  boss  of  Its  groined  roof  bears  the  white  hart 
couchant  of  Richard  H.  Another  door  is  remarkable  as 
having  a  "  bolt-hole  "  9  feet  deep,  to  receive  the  beam 
that  bars  the  door— a  peculiarity  paralleled  in  the  west 
door  of  Exeter  Cathedral.  The  great  kitchen  with  its 
two  huge  fireplaces,  either  of  them  apparently  capable 
of  accommodating  a  whole  ox,  is  strikingly  similar  to 


October  3,   1885] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


429 


that  of  the  same  date  at  Bodiam  Castle,  and  we  find 
in  both  places  many  examples  of  the  arch  for  win- 
dow or  door  consisting  of  two  stones  without  a  key- 
stone. 

The  present  dwelling-house  forms  the  north-west 
corner  of  the  quadrangle,  from  which,  along  the 
north  side,  extends  a  long  wing  that  consisted  origin- 
ally of  five  distinct  though  united  *'  retainers'  houses," 
each  with  its  separate  porch  and  external  stair,  these 
latter,  of  which  several  remain,  affording  the  only 
access  to  the  upper  storey.  Beneath  one  of  these 
porches,  with  other  Ferns,  were  huge  clumps  of 
Asplenium   Trichomanes,   one   of  them  over  a  foot 


fine  Araucaria  and  a  promising  Sequoia,  are  in  keep- 
ing with  the  surroundings,  whilst  a  wood  on  the 
opposite  summit  protects  both  house  and  garden  on 
the  west.  Of  gardening  proper,  however,  there  was 
but  little,  and  it  was  soon  forced  upon  our  minds 
that  in  Devonshire  the  natural  scenic  beauties  are 
so  great  that  the  owners  of  estates  generally  have 
adopted  a  '*rest  and  be  thankful"  policy,  planting 
trees  and  shrubs  rather  than  flowers,  and  trusting  to 
the  natural  geniality  of  their  climate  and  fertility 
of  their  soil  to  save  them  the  trouble  of  much  garden 
cultivation. 

From   Dartington  we  walked  to  Staverton,  some- 


FlG.    92  — MASDEVALLIA    LEONTOGLOSSA. 


across,  bearing  many  fronds  6  and  7  inches  in  length. 
The  east  and  south  sides  of  the  quadrangle, 
formed  by  the  barns  of  the  home  farm,  were 
rendered  picturesque  by  the  plentiful  growth 
of  the  orange  lichen  (Parmelia  parietina)  upon 
the  small  squares  of  greenish-grey  Ashburton  slate. 
This  slate,  the  roofing  material  of  the  district, 
is  not  very  durable  when  thus  exposed  to  the  weather, 
but  it  lasts  longer  on  vertical  surfaces,  as  in  the 
upper  storeys  of  many  houses  in  Totnes  and  Ash- 
burton, which  are  built  of  it,  though  its  cold  mo- 
notonous colour  is  by  no  means  ornamental  when 
thus  applied. 

To  the  west  of  the  house  and  great  hall  is  the 
garden,  which  rises  in  beautifully  turfed  terraces  on 
.either  side  of  a  deep  hollow  in  which  there  was 
formerly  a  fish-pond.     A  row  of  fine   Irish  Yews,  a 


thing  less  than  2  mtles  further,  but  we  did  not  take 
a  final  leave  of  the  Hall  until  we  had  inspected  Mr. 
Champernowne's  unrivalled  collection  of  the  Stroma- 
topora  and  other  fossils  of  this  and  other  Devonian 
districts  under  the  ciceronage  of  their  learned  owner. 
As  we  were  leaving  our  attention  was  arrested  by  a 
gigantic  cider  pounding-stone,  a  solid  mass  of  Dart- 
moor granite,  more  than  8  feet  in  diameter,  and 
weighing  certainly  between  4  and  5  tons.  These 
stones,  o(  which  we  saw  several  smaller  specimens 
in  the  district,  are  hollowed  round  their  upper  surface, 
other  vertical  grindstones  working  round  this  hollow 
as  in  the  mortar-mixing  machines  familiar  in  con- 
nection with  London  building  operations. 

The  walk  to  Staverton  is  through  undulating 
meadow  and  woodland,  which  at  the  time  of  our 
visit   were   in    the  height   of  their  summer  beauty. 


Passing  along  an  old  boundary  wall  on  which  luxu- 
riated some  six  or  seven  species  of  Ferns,  the  Cete- 
rach  occurring  among  them  in  addition  to  those  we 
had  seen  at  Berry  Pomeroy,  flanked  by  a  row  of  fine 
Beech  trees,  we  entered  an  upland  meadow,  gay 
with  pink  Centaury,  Eyebright,  Bartsia,  and  two 
species  of  Flax  (Linum  catharticum  and  L.  angustifo- 
lium)  over  which  sported  the  meadow-brown,  blue 
and  other  butterflies.  The  weather  being  cold  and 
the  sky  overcast  comparatively  few  Lepidoptera  were 
about  ;  but  besides  the  common  blue  {Polyommatus 
alexis),  there  were  certainly  the  three  meadow- 
browns  (Hipparchia  janira,  II.  tithonus,  and  H, 
pamphilus). 

Turning  out  of  our  way  through  Staverton  Ford 
Wood  we  were  fully  recompensed  for  so  doing,  by  the 
sight  of  one  of  the  most  magnificent  specimens  of  the 
small-leaved  Lime  (Tilia  parvifolia)  in  this  country. 
Standing  a  few  yards  from  the  pathway,  on  the  edge 
of  a  sleep  wooded  slope  down  to  the  river,  this  veteran 
has  a  girth  of  15  feet  at  5  feet  from  the  ground,  and 
sends  out  two  monster  ascending  limbs  that  stretch 
20  yards  on  either  side  from  the  main  trunk,  whilst  a 
third  rises  erect,  like  the  palmated  antler  of  the  rein- 
deer, measuring  6  feet  across  below  the  point  at  which 
it  divides  into  three  branches.  Such  a  tree  roust  be 
considerably  over  250  years  old,  in  fact  of  an  age  that 
will  take  uj  back  at  least  two  generations  before  the 
time  when  Ray  speaks  of  the  planting  of  Lindens  in 
his  time.  The  species  is  common  in  this  part  of  the 
county,  and  has  often  very  much  the  appearance  of 
being  indigenous. 

We  then  walked  through  the  North  Wood,  where 
abundance  of  Blechnum  spicant,  the  beautiful 
little  yellow  Pimpernel,  Sanicle,  Bracken,  and 
other  woodland  plants  were  noted,  together  with 
the  fruit  of  the  wild  Hyacinth  and  of  the  Foxglove, 
of  which  last  a  lew  blossoms  still  lingered.  On 
one  plant,  7|  feet  high,  we  counted  no  capsules. 
Each  of  these  contains  200  or  300  seeds  !  Among 
the  well  grown  young  Beeches  in  the  glades  of 
this  wood  fluttered  the  Wood  Ringlet  (Hipparchia 
hyperanthus),  and  a  considerable  number  of  that 
magnificent  butterfly  the  High- brown  Fiitillary, 
Argynnis  Adippe)  that,  from  the  chequered  marking 
of  its  wings,  shares  a  name  with  the  liliaceous  plants, 
whose  flower  is  often  similarly  ornamented,  the 
name  signifying  *'  chequered." 

Staverton  Bridge  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  on 
Dart,  springing  amongst  glossy-leaved  Alders,  over- 
grown with  Ceterach,  and  having  several  more  arches 
than  seemed  necessary  in  the  shrunken  state  of  the 
stream  beneath  it.  Much  of  the  bed  of  the  river  was 
a  bare  heap  of  pebbles,  including  every  variety  of 
granite  that  occurs  on  Dartmoor,  but  one  could  well 
see  that  in  winter  the  babbling  brook  might  be  as 
swift  a  current  throughout  its  whole  breadth  as  it  was 
now  in  a  narrow  stream  just  below  its  thickly  wooded 
and  steeply  sloping  right  bank.  After  a  rapid  survey 
of  the  church,  which  has  the  peculiarity  of  a  small 
monumental  brass  let  into  the  outside  of  the  chancel- 
wall,  and  a  hearty  meal  oft  the  excellent  bread  and 
cheese  and  two-yearold  cider  at  the  "  Church-house  " 
Inn,  whose  ecclesiastically  named  walls  were  covered 
with  a  fine  plant  of  Escallonia  rubra,  we  retraced  our 
steps  to  Totnes  and  took  train  for  our  second  halting- 
place,  Ashburton. 

{To  be  ,onti,uu;i.) 


MASDEVALLIA     LEONTO- 
GLOSSA 

This  curious  plant,  although  discovered  by  Her- 
mann Wagener  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  was  unknown  in  collections  until  the  last  few 
years,  during  which  it  has  flowered  in  several  collec- 
tions, and  in  particular  in  that  belonging  to  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  where  a  dense  leafy  plant  of  it  has  pr(  - 
duced  many  flowers.  M.  leontoglossa  (fig.  92)  is  one 
of  a  distinct  section  of  the  M.  coriacea  group.  It 
has  thick  fleshy  leaves,  often  tinged  with  purple, 
and  by  these  and  the  peculiar  manner  in  which  it 
produces  its  flowers,  it  is  easily  distinguished.  It 
succeeds  well  in  the  cold  house  with  the  other  Mas- 
devallias,  either  in  a  pot  or  in  a  basket,  but  grown  in 
baskets  and  suspended  the  waxlike  flowers  (which 
are  pale  yellow  marked  with  purple),  they  more  readily 
present  themselves  to  view.  M.  leontoglossa,  when 
closely  examined,  is  wonderfully  beautiful  in  its 
structure  and  marking.  It  is  at  present  in  flower 
in  the  collection  belonging  to  Sydney  Courtland, 
Esq.,  at  Bocking  Place,  Brain'ree.   J.  O'Bt 


430 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885. 


|l" 


|)IH1[U. 


I  HAT)  intended  that  my  pnper  this  time  should  be 
on  wax  extracting,  but  as  people  have  their  honey 
all  out  of  the  hives  now,  and  are  thinking  of  storing 
cr  selling  it,  I  must  say  something  more  about  the 
most  important  part  of  the  produce  of  our  friends  the 
bees— viz.,  the  honey.  It  has  hitherto  been  a  diffi- 
cult thing  to  store  extracted  honey  in  a  nice  and  con- 
venient way,  but  still  more  difficult  to  send  it  by  post 
and  rail.  Numerous  are  the  letters  I  have  received  to 
this  eflect — "  Honey  receivejl,  but  useless,  as  bottle 
was  smashed."  Only.a  few  weeks  ago  I  had  a  tele- 
gram from  the  postmaster  of  M saying  that  the 

box  of  comb  honey  I  had  so  carefully  packed  was 
broken,  and  the  honey  running  amongst  other  people's 
letters,  and  he  requested  that  I  should  instruct  him 
what  to  do  with  it,  as  he  could  not  put  it  in  the 
mail  bag.  I  requested  the  postmaster  to  prevent 
further  injury  to  the  letters  by  eating  it. 

There  is  now,  however,  a  box  made  which  will 
cause  a  complete  revolution  in  the  honey  as  well  as 
all  other  trades  which  require  the  aid  of  tin  boxes. 
These  boxes  are  invented  by  Mr.  G.  Fealherstone 
Criffin,  C.E,,  M.S  E.,  and  are  manufactured  and 
sold  by  the  Self-Opening  Tin  Box  Co.,  at 
19,  Kirby  Street,  llatton  Garden,  E.G.  These 
boxes  serve  all  purposes,  and  are  made  all  sizes,  so 
that  any  quantity  of  extracted  honey  can  be  sent  with 
perfect  safety,  and  without  weighing.  Do  you  wish 
to  send  10  lb.  of  honey  anywhere  ?  Take  this  com- 
pany's 10  lb.  tin  box,  fill  it  with  honey,  lay  the  lid 
exactly  level  with  the  top  of  the  box,  and  then  press 
the  lid  down  as  far  as  it  will  go,  taking  care  that  it  is 
even.  The  box  will  then  be  perfectly  air  and  water 
tight,  as  there  is  no  seam  in  the  tin  to  interfere  with  a 
perfect  fitting  joint.  If  the  porters  at  the  railway 
stations  say,  "Now,  Bill,  you  catch  and  I'll  toss,"  as 
the  author  once  heard  them  say,  no  harm  will  come  to 
your  honey,  but  it  will  arrive  at  its  destination  after 
passing  through  ' '  Bill's  "  tender  mercies  just  the  same 
as  when  it  started  from  your  home.  As  air  and  water 
are  entirely  excluded  these  tins  also  do  excellently 
well  for  storage.  The  honey  will  keep  any  length  of 
time  in  them,  and  when  you  require  to  use  any,  you 
have  only  to  lever  the  lid  up,  which  can  be  done  by 
your  smallest  child,  and  take  out  what  you  want. 
The  lid  must  be  put  on  evenly  as  before  and  pressed 
down.  If  the  Self-Opening  Tin  Box  Company  would 
be  kind  enough  to  make  tin  boxes  that  would  exactly 
hold  our  sections  of  comb  honey,  then  would  almost 
our  only  remaining  difficulty  vanish.  These  tins  are 
also  supplied  to  Messrs.  Carter,  and  the  Horticul- 
tural Societies  of  India  and  Australia,  for  preserving 
and  transporting  seeds.  Tins  were  also  sent  out  to 
the  Government  of  India  for  packing  the  Cinchona 
bark  in,  and  the  Horticultural  and  Agricultural 
Societies  of  India  directed  Messrs.  Sutton  of  Reading 
to  send  out  all  their  seeds  in  these  tins.  Agnts. 


ORCHIDS    FOR    AMATEURS. 

{Ctjntinued  from  p.  294  ) 
EpIDENDRUM— NEM0R.4LE    SECTION   {coiitinueJ). 

Epiikndriim  hractc^cens. — A  plant  similar  in  habit 
to  E.  ambiguum,  with  ovoid  crowded  pseudobulbs 
and  grass-like  leaves.  It  is  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the 
small  species  of  Epidendrum.  The  beautiful  white 
labellum  with  crimson  veins  and  rose-coloured  shades, 
contrasted  with  its  dull  purple  sepals,  makes  it  a  very 
desirable  plant,  although  it  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  imported  of  late.     It  is  a  native  of  Mexico, 

E.  dicliyomum  has  elongate  fusiform  pseudobulbs, 
resembling  tho^e  of  Laelia  auturanalis.  Having  re- 
gard to  the  form  of  the  pseudobulbs  alone,  this  plant 
should  perhaps  be  placed  in  another  section  of  the 
genus,  but  the  structure  of  the  flowers  resembles  that 
of  the  plants  included  in  this  section.  In  wild  plants 
the  scape  is  often  3  feet  long ;  it  bears  a  many- 
flowered  panicle.     The  flowers  vary  much  in  size  ; 


some  are  large  and  rose-coloured,  others  small  and 
white.  In  the  best  form  the  sepals  are  an  inch  long, 
they  are  narrow  and  pointed,  the  petals  are  broader. 
The  lip  is  deeply  three-lobed,  yellow  and  downy  at  its 
base,  with  veins  and  ribs  of  crimson  radiating  to  its 
margin. 

E.  Hanhurii. — A  Mexican  species  with  ovate 
pseudobulbs  and  narrow  ensiform  coriaceous  leaves. 
The  flowers  are  racemose  ;  the  raceme  often  2  feet 
long.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  deep  purple,  the 
labellum  is  3-lobed,  the  central  lobe  is  of  a  pale  rose 
colour  with  crimson  radiating  veins.  The  lateral 
lobes  are  white,  and  curve  over  the  column.  It 
flowers  in  spring. 

£.  macroihilum  has  ovate  rugose  pseudobulbs  with 
two  oblong  coriaceous  leaves.  It  is  a  native  of  Guate- 
mala and  Panama.  The  flowers  are  the  largest  in 
the  genus.  There  are  two  varieties,  one  with  brown 
sepals  and  petals,  and  a  very  large  white  labellum 
with  a  purple  spat  at  its  base,  the  other  with  deep 
purple  sepals  and  petals,  with  a  deep  rose-coloured 
labellum.  The  plant  is  called  the  Dragon's  Mouth 
(Boca  del  dragon)  in  Guatemala. 

2.  The  Aurantiacum  Section. 

In  this  section  the  bulbs  resemble  those  of  a 
Cattleya  with  a  thin  stem  below.  Lindley  speaks  of 
the  pseudobulbs  as  "evidently  tending  to  the  con- 
dition of  an  ordinary  stem."  The  flower-spike  grows 
out  of  a  great  spathe  as  in  Cattleya. 

E.  auratttia<u»i.—\  native  of  Guatemala  and 
Mexico,  where  it  grows  upon  bire  rocks.  The  habit 
of  this  plant  resembles  that  ol  Cattleya  Skinneri. 
The  bulbs  are  7  or  S  inches  high  ;  they  bear  a  pair  of 
thick  coriaceous  leaves  and  a  broad  spathe.  The 
flowers  are  of  a  uniform  bright  orange  yellow,  with 
crimson  ray  on  the  lip,  which  has  three  elevated 
lines  in  the  throat.  This  species  has  numerous  flowers, 
which  are  produced  in  spring.  It  should  be  grown 
in  the  cooica  part  of  the  Mexican-house,  or  it 
will  do  well  in  a  warm  greenhouse.  Many  plants 
do  not  open  their  flowers  well,  probably  from 
some  error  of  treatment.  Several  of  the  Epidendra 
without  bulbs  which  I  have  referred  to  the  radicans 
section  have  a  spathe.  They  form  the  subgenus 
"  Spalkiuin  "  of  Lindley. 

J.  The  Bicornutum  Section. 
E.  lncoriiutu:ii. — .\  native  of  Trinidad  and  Deme- 
rara.  The  pseudobulbs  are  cylindrical,  tapering  at 
each  end,  and  jointed  like  those  of  a  Dendrobe.  Each 
bulb  bears  two  or  three  bright  green  leaves  at  its 
summit.  The  flowers  are  ten  to  twelve  in  number, 
forming  a  panicle.  Each  flower  is  nearly  2  inches  in 
diameter,  ivory-white,  or  tinged  with  rose,  with  a 
few  crimson  spots  at  the  base  of  the  labellum. 

Culture. — This  beautiful  plant  is  difficult  to  import, 
and  seldom  arrives  in  a  good  state  ;  the  bultis  crack, 
or  the  buds  perish  ;  neither  is  it  easy  to  grow,  and  it 
appears  to  dislike  being  moved.  A  specimen  which  is 
doing  well,  often  fails  after  removal  to  a  new  locality. 
It  requires  the  heat  of  the  East  Indian-house,  and 
does  best  in  a  pot. 

E.  erubt-scens.—\  have  included  E.  erubescens  in 
this  section  from  the  form  of  the  pseudobulbs,  but 
Lindley  has  placed  it  in  a  distinct  group  (Aulizeum). 
It  is  a  native  of  Mexico,  where  it  grows  on  Oaks  at 
an  elevation  of  7500  to  8500  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
pseudobulbs  are  fusiform,  with  two  oblong-acute 
leaves  at  their  summits.  The  habit  of  this  plant  is 
very  distinct,  as  it  makes  long  woody  rhizomes,  which 
root  from  t'  e  under-side,  and  bear  pseudobulbs  at  in- 
tervals of  5  or  6  inches.  The  flowers  are  borne  in 
panicles.  They  are  of  a  delicate  rose  colour,  and  as 
large  as  a  shilling  ;  the  lip  is  darker  than  the  rest  of 
the  flower,  and  has  a  yellow  spot  at  its  base. 

The  cultivation  of  this  plant  is  said  to  be  difi-.cult  ; 
its  habitat  indicates  the  necessity  for  cool  treatment, 
and  experience  shows  that  it  is  best  grown  with 
Odontoglossums. 

E.  Slamfordiannm. — Plant  with  fusiform  pseudo- 
bulbs like  those  of  a  Cattleya,  sheathed  with  coria- 
ceous bracts.  The  tlower-stem  grows  from  the  base 
of  the  bulb  instead  of  from  the  summit — a  character 
in  which  it  diflfers  from  the  rest  of  the  genus,  uith 
the  single  exception  of  E.  purpurascens,  Hhicb  has 
also  a  radical  inflorescence.  The  inflorescence  is  a 
large  branched  raceme.  The  flowers  are  very  fragrant 
and  showy.     The  petals  and  sepals  are  green,  shaded 


wiih  yellow,  and  spotted  with  rich  chocolate-brown. 
The  lip  is  broad  and  trilobed.  The  lateral  lobes  are 
toothed,  and  the  median  lobe  is  laciniate,  and  of  a 
deep  yellow  colour.  This  plant  is  a  native  of  the 
coast  of  Guatemala  ;  it  grows  in  shady  damp  places 
on  the  ground.  There  are  two  varieties,  one  much 
better  than  the  other.  The  best  form  is  said  to  have 
longer  and  thinner  bulbs. 

4.  The  Barkeria  Section. 

The  genus  Barkeria  was  separated  from  Epiden- 
drum because  the  column  has  a  broad  wing,  so  that  it 
is  described  as  petaloid,  and  because  the  labellum  is 
adherent  to  the  column.  Professor  Reichenbach  has 
reunited  the  genera,  as  the  winged  column  of  Epi- 
dendrum often  becomes  petaloid,  and  every  degree 
of  union  exists  between  the  column  and  the  lip  in 
the  Epidendra.  There  seems  no  sufficient  reason  to 
separate  the  Barkerias  from  Epidendrum  unless  it 
be  the  habit  of  these  beautiful  Orchids.  I  have 
therefore  ventured  to  include  them  in  the  genus. 

The  Barkerias  are  epiphytal  Orchids  with  long 
fusiform  pseudobulbs,  which  in  their  native  country 
form  dense  tufts  ;  each  bears  two  to  four  leaves  with 
a  slender  upright  flowering  stem  arising  from  the 
apex  of  the  pseudobulb.  This  bears  a  panicle  of 
delicate  and  eleg.int  flowers.  The  sepals  are  reflected, 
and  the  petals,  which  are  broad,  stand  out  like  a  pair 
of  wings.     The  labellum  is  entire. 

Culliire. — These  plants  are  natives  of  the  west  coast 
of  Central  America,  where  they  are  alternately  exposed 
to  torrential  rains  and  extreme  drought,  hence  they 
require  a  very  copious  supply  of  water  during  the 
period  of  growth,  and  a  well  marked  period  of  rest 
during  which  no  water  should  be  applied  to  them. 
Some  recommend  that  they  should  be  simply 
aflixed  to  blocks  of  wood,  whilst  others  prefer  to  plant 
them  in  baskets,  with  little  billets  of  charcoal  and  living 
sphagnum.  The  moss  may  be  picked  out  wi  h 
advantage  at  the  approach  of  winter.  During  the 
growing  period  they  are  likely  to  suffer  from  want  of 
water  when  they  are  placed  on  bare  blocks,  so  that  I 
prefer  the  latter  method.  They  should  be  placed  as 
near  the  glass  as  p Visible.  I  have  found  that  they  do 
best  in  the  moist  heat  of  the  Cattleya  house  during 
the  period  of  growth  ;  but  they  should  be  removed  to 
the  Mexican-house  as  soon  as  this  is  completed,  and 
the  waterings  gradually  diminished.  The  leaves  then 
fall.  Some  species  flower  before  the  fall  of  their 
leaves,  and  others  after.  No  water  should  be  given 
from  the  end  of  October  until  growth  commences  in 
spring.  In  winter  the  temperature  should  not  exceed 
55°  or  fall  below  45°,  and  air  should  be  given  freely 
whenever  the  temperature  renders  this  possible. 
B.  T.  L. 

{To  be  cmUhincJ.) 


A  VERY  interesting  incident  has  just  come  under 
my  notice,  which  may  prove  to  be  of  some  educational 
value  to  Orchid  importers  and  growers.  Dr.  Ward, 
of  .Southampton,  recently  imported  a  batch  of 
Sophronitis  grandiflora  and  very  generously  gave  me 
a  few  pieces  of  it.  I  laid  them  aside  for  a  few  days, 
then  potted  them  and  suspended  them  from  the  roof  of 
the  house.  About  a  week  after  I  examined  them  more 
closely,  hoping  to  see  roots  moving,  or  breaks  starling, 
when,  on  one  piece  of  six  bulbs  I  discovered  a  pod  of 
seed  about  as  large  and  of  the  same  colour  as  the 
freshest  leaf.  Now  I  cannot  for  a  moment  suppose 
that  this  is  the  only  case  where  seed-pods  have  been 
found  on  imported  Orchids.  But  the  questions  sug- 
gested by  this  event  are  —  Who  have  seen  them? 
and,  What  results  followed  ? 

Can  it  be  possible  that  there  was  sufficient  vital 
power  stored  up  in  the  foliage  and  bulbs  of  this 
small  plant  to  sustain  the  life  and  supply  the  natural 
requirements  of  the  seeds  after  it  was  taken  away  from 
its  native  home,  and  sent  here  in  a  half-dried  condition, 
and  in  such  condition  to  remain  until  new  roots  are 


OcTOnER    3, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


431 


thrown  out  to  gather  food,  and  restore  the  lost 
energies  of  the  plant?  Or  is  it  probable  that  the 
enforced  rest  caused  a  suspension  of  organic  life 
during  the  time  of  rest,  and  that  when  roots  were 
formed  and  supplying  sustenance  to  the  plant,  the 
organic  forces  again  became  active,  and  brought  the 
seed  to  maturity  ?  Or  is  it  more  likely  that  there  is 
either  no  seed  in  the  pod,  or,  if  any,  that  it  is 
void  of  germinating  power? 

I  do  not  suppose  that  this  seed-pod  will  awaken 
amongst  Orchid  growers  such  intense  interest  as  did 
Mr.  Pickwick's  immortal  discovery  of  the  stone  at 
Coh»ham  amongst  his  friends.  There  is,  however, 
some  interest  clustering  around  this  event  at  present, 
but  perhaps  some  one  will  as  quickly  solve  the  matter 
by  saying,  "Cut  it  oft',  and  throw  it  away." 
N.  Bland/ord, 

Vanda  cii:rulea. 

The  difficulty  attached  to  the  growing  of  this 
species  is  doubtless  the  greatest  obstacle  that  prevents 
its  becoming  common.  In  Warner's  Selcft  Orchids, 
p.  iS,  is  a  handsome  figure  of  this  species,  and  it 
has  the  honour  of  being  figured  in  numerous  oiher 
works.  It  ii  universally  admitted  to  be  a  valuable 
and  highly  desirable  Orchid  ;  a  fact  to  be  accounted 
for,  partly,  because  uncommon,  but  more  by  reason  of 
its  colour,  which,  although  represented  in  a  few 
different  genera,  is  anything  but  of  common  occur- 
rence. The  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a  pale 
lavender,  but  subject  to  individual  variation  in  the 
depth  of  its  tint.  The  petals  have  the  habit 
(and  it  is  not  a  solitary  instance  in  the  genus)  of  turn- 
ing downwards  by  twisting  near  the  base,  so  that 
when  level  with,  or  below  the  eye,  one  can  only  see 
their  backs.  The  comparatively  small  labellum  is  a 
deeper  blue,  with  three  longitudinal  plates  along  its 
middle,  which,  with  a  yellow  spot  at  the  base,  serve 
as  guides  for  the  fertilising  insects,  so  necessary  in  the 
plant's  economy  in  a  wild  state.  A  handsome  flower- 
ing specimen  may  be  seen  in  the  Orchid-house  at 
Kew,  and  we  occasionally  see  it  in  other  collections, 
though  by  no  means  common,     /", 


The  recent  access  of  frost,  and  the  rain  have 
destroyed  all  tender  plants  in  the  beds,  therefore 
these  should  be  cleared  and  replenished  with  such 
plants  as  are  suitable  for  winter  or  spring  decoration. 
It  is  advisable  at  once  to  take  up  all  tender 
plants,  and  such  as  are  not  in  sufficient  number  for 
next  year's  requirements. 

These  plants  should  be  carefully  taken  up,  potted, 
and  placed  in  cold  frames  or  pits,  where  heat  can  be 
given  according  to  their  wants,  they  will  then  become 
established  early.  No  time  should  be  lost  in  propa- 
gating when  stock  is  deficient. 

To  facilitate  cuttings  striking  at  this  late  period, 
they  should  be  plunged  in  a  moderate  heat  for  about 
twelve  or  fourteen  days.  This  is  a  good  lime  to 
propagate  the  Calceolaria,  Viola  and  Pansy.  The 
propagation  of  all  the  tenderest  kinds  of  plants  will 
now  in  most  places  be  completed,  and  much  care  will 
be  required  to  keep  them  from  damping  off.  Of 
course  all  should  now  be  safely  housed,  and  fully 
exposed  to  light  and  air  when  the  weather  is  suitable. 
Careful  attention  should  be  given  to  remove  all 
decayed  flowers  and  foliage  so  as  to  make  the  garden 
as  gay  and  attractive  as  long  as  possible.  Strict 
cleanliness  should  be  maintained  at  this  season. 
Alterations  should  at  once  be  decided  on,  that 
the  work  may  be  set  about  ;  as  it  is  not  judicious 
to  defer  work  of  this  kind  that  can  be  done  in 
autumn  and  winter  till  the  spring.  Road  and  walk 
making,  turf  laying  and  levelling,  tree  and  shrub 
planting,  Box  edging,  draining  and  trenching,  and 
all  such  heavy  jobs  may  now  be  accomplished. 
Spring  and  winter  bedding-out  plants  which  have 
been  in  the  reserve  garden  to  refill  all  the  vacant 
beds  in  the  flower  garden  will  now  soon  come 
into  requisition.    IV,  Smythe^  Basing  Park,  Alion, 


mm\%  and  i\\n\  l^uUuiit 


nOUVARDIAS. 
Those  that  are  still  in  ihe  open  border  will  soon 
need  to  be  brought  under  cover  ;  the  few  chilly  nights 
o(  late  have  given  us  warning  that  the  autumn  frosts 
are  not  very  far  distant.  We  are  just  preparing  a 
three-light  pit  for  their  reception,  into  which  they 
will  be  planted  straight  away  when  lifted  from  their 
present  position.  They  have  been  kept  well  pinched 
back,  and  are  now  a  stocky  lot  of  plants  that  will  be 
invaluifcle  (or  supplying  cut  bloom  during  the  next 
three  months. 

Solan u MS  . 
that  have  been  grown  beside  them,  have  had  all 
their  leading  shoots  beyond  the  berries  pinched  off ; 
this  will  aid  in  perfecting  the  crop  and  cause  less 
drain  upon  the  resources  of  the  plants  when  lifted  for 
potting  in  a  week  or  ten  days'  time.  We  have  an 
abundant  crop  of  berries,  but  they  are  rather  later 
than  usual.  As  Ihey  will  not  be  wanted,  however, 
until  the  Chrysanthemums  are  over,  there  is  plenty 
of  time  before  us  in  their  case.  All  other  winter  and 
spring  blooming  plants  that  are  still  in  the  open 
ground  should  be  taken  up  (or  potting  without  any 
loss  of  time  ;  fresh  root-action  will  then  be  gained 
before  the  dormant  period  is  upon  us. 

Plants  for  Forcing. 
Any  needful  additions  to  the  stock  should  be  ob- 
tained and  potted  up  as  soon  as  possible.  Azalea 
mollis  in  variety  are  always  valuable  both  for 
cutting  and  decorative  uses  on  the  plant.  Rhododen- 
drons, Kalmias,  and  Andromedas  require  to  be 
renewed  every  season,  whereas  the  Azilea  just  named 
does  not  need  this  extra  trouble  ;  the  latter  three 
genera  are  not,  however,  to  be  passed  over  on  any 
account  ;  they  are  each  and  all  of  great  service  in 
their  turn,  and  particularly  so  if  a  large  conservatory 
has  to  be  kept  gay.  The  Lilac,  Charles  .\.,  is  still  one 
of  the  best  kind  (or  pot  culture,  Staphylea  colchica 
is  very  distinct,  and  one  of  the  nearest  approaches  we 
hive  to  the  Orange  blossom  in  its  season.  Deutzia 
gracilis,  if  exhausted  or  otherwise  not  reliable,  ought 
lo  be  recruited  by  the  addition  of  some  young  plants 
to  the  stock  already  in  pots.  Clematis  culture  in  pots 
has  been  so  (ully  demonstrated  during  the  past  few 
seasons  that  they  can  be  thoroughly  relied  upon.  The 
following  are  six  good  and  distinct  kinds,  viz.,  Albert 
Victor,  Lady  Londesborough,  Miss  Bateman,  The 
(Jueen,  Vesta,  and  Stella.  The  Gueldres  Rose 
(Viburnum  Opulus)  is  another  capital  pot  plant  for 
the  spring,  and  one,  too,  that  is  of  a  thorough  lasting 
character. 

Winter  Flowering  Ftacris  and  Ericas. 
These,  if  not  already  fully  exposed  lo  Ihe  sunshine, 
should  for  the  next  fortnight  have  the  full  advantage 
of  if.  By  that  time  all  arrangements  for  their  winter 
storeage  should  be  completed,  as  a  safeguard  against 
heavy  rains  and  frosty  nights.  Recent  purchases  of 
small  Ericas  will  need  the  closest  attention  in  regard 
to  watering  ;  in  most  cases  their  pots  are  crammed 
with  roots,  and  if  perchance  an  omission  or  two 
occur  in  the  use  of  the  water-pot  no  after-care  will 
atone  for  the  evil  that  has  been  wrought,  and  the 
consequent  failure  to  develope  their  flowers,  James 
Hudson^  Gimnershury  Hott^c  Gardens^  IV, 


^F^UIT^    "IflNDEF^     "QtAgg. 


P  1  N  E  ■  A  P  P  L  E  S. 
Beeore  cold  and  sunless  weather  comes  upon  us 
it  will  be  well  to  proceed  with  and  complete  any  re- 
arrangement of  the  plants  or  work  in  connection  with 
these  plants  that  may  be  necessary.  Our  usual  prac- 
tice at  this  season  of  the  year  is  to  bring  all  the  fruit- 
ing plants  together  into  one  compartment,  where  they 
can  be  constantly  supplied  with  heat  suitable  to  their 
requirements,  of  70"  or  75°  at  night,  75°  to  85^  during 
the  daytime,  at  about  85"  at  the  roots.  We  also 
endeavour  to  have  those  plants  which  are  intended  to 
give  a  supply  o(  fruit  from  the  end  o(  next  May  until 
the  end  of  July  together.  We  have  recently  for  these 
plants  prepared  compartments,  in  the   first  place  by 


removing  entirely  the  old  plunging  material  ;  this  is  a 
most  important  matter  in  conneclion  with  good  culti- 
vation of  these  plants,  because  these  beds,  *'  although 
absolutely  indispensable,"  are  nevertheless,  when  per- 
mitted to  become  much  decomposed,  or  otherwise  to 
remain  for  a  long  period  unchanged,  become  so 
full  of  worms  as  to  render  high-class  cultivation 
almost  impossible.  Of  all  insects,  or  reptiles  that  in- 
fest Pine  plants  these  are  the  most  pernicious  and 
destructive  in  their  effects.  Healthy,  vigorous  plants 
very  soon  become  impaired,  and  the  fruit  as  a  natural 
consequence  diminished  in  size  and  quality  by 
their  operations.  By  way  of  avoiding  such  conse- 
quences, we  use  as  remedial  means  dry  soot  ;  this  is 
scattered  amongst  the  crocks  at  the  time  of  potting 
the  plants,  and  about  the  surface  soil  and  rim  o(  the 
pots,  also  beneath  them  in  the  bed,  and  occasionally 
use  it  in  the  water  we  give  the  plants.  These  means, 
in  conjunction  with  using  at  the  time  of  potting  the 
toughest  turfy  loam  obtainable,  is  the  best  way  of 
dealing  with  this  intolerable  pest.  In  the  case  of 
plants  which  are  loosened  through  their  depredations, 
these  should  be  made  firm  again  by  well  ramming 
down  the  soil  when  it  is  in  a  fit  state  for  this  purpose. 
After  the  compartments  to  which  I  referred  have  been 
thoroughly  cleansed,  lime-whitened,  and  painted,  if 
required,  new  tan  to  the  depth  of  18  inches,  and  . 
2  leet  in  so\pe  cases,  is  put  into  the  beds,  the  bottom- 
heat  is  applied,  and  when  the  bed  has  reached  about 
80'  the  plants  are  plunged  in  it  at  about  2  feet  apart 
always  for  tjueens,  and  2  feet  6  inches  in  the  case  of 
stronger  and  more  robust  growers.  Our  plants  for 
this  purpose  have  up  till  now  been  grown  in  pits  with 
fermenting  beds,  and  were  potted  into  the  fruiting  pots 
• — II  and  12-inch  ones — the  first  week  in  August  last. 
They  are  now  placed  in  the  pits  as  described  above, 
where  they  will  remain  until  such  time  as  they  have 
fruited,  which  doubtless  will  be  by  the  end  of  next 
July.  Our  present  temperatures,  and  for  some  lime 
onward,  in  these  pits,  will  range  from  65^  to  70°  at 
night,  according  to  external  conditions,  and  from  70° 
to  So'  in  like  manner  during  the  daytime;  the  air  in 
the  place  will  be  kept  moderately  moist,  and  early  in 
the  afternoon  occasionally  on  fine  days  a  gentle 
syringing  overhead  will  be  applied.  The  ventilators 
will  be  opened  at  from  75^  to  So°,  and  finally  closed 
for  the  day  at  about  the  latter  point, 

Successional  plants  in  6  or  8-inch  pots  may  safely 
be  wintered  in  these  pits,  and  suckers  recently 
removed  from  the  parent  plant  should  be  firmly  potted 
in  tough  fibrous  loam  in  5  or  6-inch  pots.  I  keep 
these  plants  in  pits  having  fermenting  beds,  with  a 
gentle  heat  in  them,  and  as  near  to  the  glass  as  prac- 
ticable, and  allow  a  range  of  from  60"  to  75°  at  the 
present  time  and  onwards  until  the  end  of  the  present 
month  (October).   G.  T.  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey. 


l.IiTTUCE  :  ENDIVE. 


From  the  sowing  made  about  the  middle  of  last 
month  (of  hardy  Cabbage  varieties)  some  should 
now  be  pricked  out  at  the  foot  of  favourable  wallj 
and  on  borders  sloping  south,  and  some  may  also  be 
planted  out  in  the  open  to  grow  on  for  placing  under 
protection.  Any  spare  frames  which  have  lights  free 
from  much  drip  may  be  filled  with  seedling  Cos  and 
Cabbage  Lettuce  (hardy  varieties)  from  sowings  made 
the  latter  week  in  August.  These  will  be  of  great 
value  for  spring  use.  The  plants  may  be  pricked 
out  6  inches  apart,  as  in  all  probability  it  will  be 
found  necessary  to  draw  before  full  grown,  leaving  the 
remainder  more  space  to  develope.  Frames  for  thi 
purpose  should  have  a  favourable  aspect,  and  should 
be  filled  with  light  and  moderately  rich  soil.  Some 
plants  should  now  be  blanched,  as  Lettuces  will  soon 
be  going  back  in  quality. 

Parsley. 
In  order  to  ensure  a  good  winter's  supply  of  the 
above  a  frame  should  now  be  filled  with  roots  dug 
up  from  the  open  ground,  derived  from  sowings  made 
about  May  or  June,  Trim  off  most  of  the  leaves 
when  lilting  and  plant  in  nice  soil.  It  is  well  to  lay* 
in  the  roots  in  trenches  6  inches  apart  and  somewhat 
thickly.  The  frame  should  be  kept  a  little  close  until 
the  plants  recommence  growth,  when  the  lights  may 
be  again  removed  until  required,  G.  H.  Richards^ 
SomerUy  Gardens,  Rin^ii'ood. 


43 : 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,   18 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Sale  of  First-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 


^ale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens"  Rooms. 
^alc  of  btovc  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
t;holmeley  Park,  Hifhsatc,  by   Mr.  J. 


f  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids  from  Mr.  Sander, 

I      at  Mevens'  Rooms. 

I  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

L      Rooms. 

(  Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 


ale    of     Dutch     Bulbs, 


THE  green  coloration  of  the  leaves  of  plants 
is  more  or  less  characteristic  according  to 
the  kind  of  plant,  and  more  or  less  intense 
according  to  their  structure,  healthy  condition, 
and  especially  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of 
diffused  light  to  which  they  are  subjected.  As 
to  the  kind  of  plant  it  is  astonishing  what  a 
variety  there  is  in  the  shade  and  intensity  of 
tint.  We  are  apt  to  speak,  for  instance,  of 
"  grass  green "  as  if  all  grasses  were  of  the 
same  colour,  but  let  any  one  compare  the 
colour  of  Rye,  to  take  only  one  instance, 
with  that  of  the  wild  Barley  (Hordeum  muii- 
num),  and  how  great  the  difference  will  appear. 
The  depth  of  the  tint,  again,  varies,  not 
only  according  to  the  general  health  of  the 
plant  and  the  conditions  of  its  exposure  to 
light  of  varying  intensity,  but  also  according 
to  the  internal  structure  and  arrangement  of  the 
palissade  and  other  chlorophyll-containing 
cells.  We  have  already  called  attention  to  this 
matter  in  connection  with  the  leaves  of  Orchids 
and  of  Conifers,  and  have  indicated  the 
relations  between  the  physiological  activity 
and  movements  of  the  leaves  and  the  disposi- 
tion and  thickness  of  the  chlorophyll  layers  ; 
and  have  indicated  the  cultural  suggestions 
which  may  fairly  be  deduced  from  these 
facts. 

The  whole  subject  is  of  extreme  importance, 
and  little  more  than  the  fringe  of  it  has  yet 
been  studied,  whether  from  the  side  of  chemistry, 
physics,  or  anatomy.  Pkingshei.m's  researches 
have  been  alluded  to  in  these  columns,  but  it 
can  hardly  be  said  of  them  at  present  that  they 
are  matured  sufticiently  to  be  available  for  cul- 
tural purposes.  The  effects  of  various  manures 
containing  iron,  and  especially  those  containing 
ammonia  or  nitrates,  on  the  colour  of  plants,  are 
more  tangible  so  far  as  the  gardener  is  con- 
cerned, and  both  he  and  the  farmer  have  at 
their  disposal  the  truly  magnificent  series  of 
experimental  researches  carried  out  by  Sir 
■John  Lawes  and  Dr.  Gilbert.  It  is  quite 
easy  on  the  experimental  grounds  at  Rotham- 
sted  to  pick  out,  by  the  varying  colour  of  the 
foliage,  those  plots  which  are  treated  either 
with  a  moderate,  or  with  an  excessive  amount 
of  nitrogenous  fertilisers  ;  quite  easy  to  see 
the  different  effects  of  nitrogenous  manures 
on  grasses  and  on  leguminous  plants  re- 
spectively. It  is  easy  to  see,  moreover,  that 
a  duly  adjusted  admixture  of  nitrogenous  and 
of  earthy  and  alkaline  ingredients,  especially 
potash,  is  more  generally  beneficial  than  either 
nitrogenous  manures  or  mineral  fertilisers 
separately.  The  nitrogenous  manures  as  a  rule 
favour  succulent  leaf  development,  but  are  not 
proportionately  favourable  to  the  woody  tissues, 
the  mineral  manures,  speaking  broadly,  favour 
the  development  of  woody  fibre  at  the  expense 
of  the  more  succulent  tissue,  and  accelerate  the 
ripening  of  the  seed.  Such  generalities  as  these 
are  now  beyond  dispute,  but  of  course  much, 
■very  much  more  requires  to  be  elucidated  before 
we  can  be  said  to  have  got  beyond  the  alphabet 
of  the  subject.  Any  further  communication 
will  therefore  be  of  value,  and  from  this  point  of 
view,  the  following  paper,  read  before  the  British 


Association  at  Aberdeen  by  Dr.  GiLlsERT,   will 
be  perused  with  interest*:  — 

"All  who  are  accustomed  to  observe  vegetation  must 
have  been  struck  with  the  great  variety  of  shades  of 
green  which  the  foliage  of  different  plants  present. 
Without  pretending  to  generalise  further  it  may  be 
stated  that,  at  any  rate  so  far  as  our  common  agricul- 
tural plants  are  concerned,  they  show  somewhat  charac- 
teristic shades  of  colour  according  to  the  natural  order 
to  which  they  belong — the  Leguminosee  differing  from 
the  Gramineas,  the  Criiciferce,  the  Chenopodiaceas,  and  so 
on.  But  the  same  plant  will  exhibit  very  characteristic 
differences,  not  only  at  different  stages  of  growth,  but 
at  the  same  stage  in  different  conditions  of  luxuriance, 
as  affected  by  the  external  conditions  of  soil,  season, 
manuring,  &c.,  but  especially  under  the  influence  of  dif- 
ferent conditions  as  to  manuring. 

"The  Rothamsted  field  experiments  have  afforded 
ample  opportunity  for  observations  of  this  kind,  and  it 
has  been  quite  obvious  that  in  a  series  of  comparable 
experiments  with  the  same  crop  depth  of  green  colour 
by  no  means  necessarily  implied  a  finally  greater  amount 
of  carbon  assimilation  ;  whilst  we  have  lorig  ago  experi- 
mentally proved  that  the  deeper  colour  was  associated 
with  a  relatively  hi.^h  percentage  of  nitrogen  in  the  dry  or 
solid  substance  of  the  herbage ;  and  this  obviously 
means  a  lower  relation  of  carbon  to  nitrogen. 

"  Mentioning  these  facts  to  Dr.  W.  ].  RosSELL.  who 
has  devoted  so  nuich  attention  to  the  subject  of  chloro- 
phyll, he  kindly  undertook  to  make  comparative  deter- 
minations of  the  amounts  of  chlorophyll  in  parallel 
specimens,  in  which  we  were  to  determine  the  percen- 
tages of  dry  matter  and  of  nitrogen.  Accordingly.  Dr. 
Russell  spent  a  day  at  Rothamsted  during  the  period 
of  active  vegetation,  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  appro- 
priate samples  which  were  taken  from  several  differently 
manured  plots  of  meadow-grass.  Wheat,  Barley,  and 
Potalos  respectively. 

' '  The  following  table  gives  the  results  of  some  of  these 
experiments  ;  namely,  the  percentages  of  nitrogen,  and 
the  relative  amounts  of  chlorophyll,  in  the  separated 
gramineous  and  the  separated  leguminous  plants  in  the 
mixed  herbage  of  grass  land  ;  in  specimens  of  Wheat 
grown  by  a  purely  nitrogenous  manure,  and  by  the 
same  nitrogenous  manure  with  a  full  mineral  manure 
in  addition  ;  and  in  specimens  of  Barley  grown  by  a 
purely  nitrogenous  manure,  and  by  a  mixture  of  the 
same  nitrogenous  manure  and  mineral  manure  in  addi- 
tion. It  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  specimens  were 
collected  whilst  the  plants  were  still  quite  green  and 
actively  growing.  It  should  further  be  explained  that 
the  amounts  of  chlorophyll  recorded  are,  as  stated  in  the 
table,  relative  and  not  actual ;  that  is  to  say,  the  figures 
show  the  relative  amounts  for  the  individual  members  of 
each  pair  of  experiments,  and  not  the  comparative 
amounts  as  between  one  set  of  experiments  and  another. 


Nitro- 
gen   per 

dry  sub- 
sunce. 

Relative 

Amounts 

of 

Chloro- 
phyll. 

Carbon 
laled  per 

rF" 

Actual. 

Differ- 

Hay. 

Gramlnese 

1. 190 

0.77 

Leguminosx     . . 

..478 

240 

Wheat. 

.\mmonium  -  salts  only 

(1.227) 

2.00 

.398 

—3.-4 

,,     salts  and  mineral 

(0566' 

..00 

=222 

Barley. 

Ammonium  -  salts  only 

(1.474) 

3.30 

1403 

-685 

,,     salts  and  mineral 

(0.792) 

1.46 

2088 

"  It  will  Je  seen  in  the  first  place  that  the  separated 
leguminous  herbage  of  hay  contained  a  much  higher 
percentage  of  nitrogen  in  its  dry  substance  than  the 
separated  gramineous  Iierbage ;  and  that,  with  the  much 
higher  percentage  of  nitrogen  in  the  leguminous  herbage, 
there  was  also  a  much  higher  proportion  of  chlorophyll. 
Under  comparable  conditions,  however,  the  Legurainos^ 
eventuallymaintain  a  much  higher  relation  of  nitrogen 
to  carbon  than  the  Gramineae  ;  in  other  words,  in  their 
case  carbon  is  not  assimilated  in  so  large  a  proportion  to 
the  nitrogen  taken  up. 

'Next  it  is  to  be  observed  that  the  Wheat  plants 
manured  with    ammonium*saIt3  alone    show    a    much 

*  Note  on  the  Cottditiotis  of  the  Dei'eloptni  nt,  and  of  the 
Activity  of  Chlorophyll.  By  Professor  J.  H.  Gilbert,  LL.D., 
F.R.S.  (Read  in  the  Chemical  Section,  at  the  meeting  of  the 
British  Association  at  Aberdeen.) 

t  Ihe  figures  in  parentheses  represent  determinations  on  not 
fully  dried  specimens. 


higher  percentage  of  nitrogen  than  those  manured  with 
the  same  amount  of  ammonium-salts,  but  with  mineral 
manure  in  addition.  The  high  proportion  of  chloropyhll 
again  goes  with  the  high  nitrogen  percentage  ;  but  the 
last  column  of  the  table  shows  that,  with  the  ammo- 
nium-salts without  mineral  manure,  with  the  high  per- 
centage of  nitrogen,  and  high  proportion  of  chlorophyll  in 
the  dry  matter  of  the  green  produce,  there  is  eventually  a 
very  much  less  assimilation  of  carbon.  The  result  is 
exactly  similar  in  tne  case  of  the  Barley,  the  plants 
manured  with  ammonium-salts  alone  showing  the  higher 
percentage  of  nitrogen,  the  higher  proportion  of  chloro- 
phyll, but  eventually  a  much  lower  assimilation  of 
carbon. 

"It  is  evident  that  the  chlorophyll  formation  has  a 
close  connection  with  the  amount  of  nitrogen  assimi- 
lated, but  that  the  carbon  assimilation  is  not  in  porpor- 
lion  to  the  chlorophyll  formed,  if  there  be  not  a  suffi- 
ciency of  the  necessary  mineral  constituents  available. 
No  doubt  there  had  been  as  much  or  more,  of  both 
nitrogen  assimilated,  and  chlorophyll  formed,  over  a 
given  area,  where  the  mineral  as  well  as  the  nitro- 
genous manure  had  been  applied,  the  lower  proportion 
of  both  in  the  dry  matter  being  due  to  the  greater 
assimilation  of  carbon,  and  consequent  greater  forma- 
tion of  non-nitrogenous  substances." 


Satyrium  carneum. — We   have   to   thank 

Mr.  T.  Smith,  of  Newiy,  for  a  fine  flower,  albeit  a 
little  past  its  best,  of  Satyrium  carneum,  gathered  in 
the  garden  of  W.  J.  Hall,  Esq.,  Narrowater,  Co. 
Down.  This  species  of  Orchis  is  a  native  of  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.  It  forms  a  dense  spike  of  a  foot  or 
more  in  length  ;  the  flowers,  helmet-shaped,  are  less 
in  length  than  the  bracts,  which  partly  enclose  them  ; 
the  colour  is  whitish-pink.  It  is  somewhat  tender, 
and  requires  some  protection  from  frost. 

The  Suggested  Northern  Dahlia  Show. 

— This  venture  may  now  be  regaided  as  safely  floated, 
with  a  fair  prospect  of  a  successful  result.  The  com- 
mittee of  the  York  Floral  Fete  are  willing  to  take  it 
up  and  work  it  through,  their  estimable  secretary  ha.s 
already  prepared  a  circular  shortly  to  be  issued.  In 
this  circular  it  is  proposed  that  the  show  shall  take 
place  on  a  day  hereafter  to  be  named  in  the  spacious 
exhibition  building  at  York,  that  the  sum  of  ;!^25o  be 
offered  in  prizes,  to  include  fruit  and  other  cut 
flowers,  in  addition  to  Dahlias  ;  and  that  a  guarantee 
of  ^400  is  necessary  in  order  to  secure  the  committee 
against  loss.  An  appeal  will  therefore  be  made  to 
florists  in  general  and  cultivators  of  the  Dahlia  in 
particular,  and  there  should  be  no  difiicuity  in  raising 
the  sum  required.  The  annual  dinner  in  connection 
with  the  York  Floral  Fete  takes  place  on  October  8, 
and  no  doubt  advantage  will  be  taken  of  that  gather- 
ing to  push  into  prominence  the  suggested  Dahlia 
Show  at  Yoik.  It  is  also  to  be  regarded  as  the 
northern  section  of  the  National  Dahlia  Show,  which 
is  a  happy  decision,  as  it  does  away  with  any  appre- 
hensions of  hostility  to  the  show  at  the  Crystal  Palace. 
Like  the  National  Auricula  Society,  it  will  now,  it  is 
hoped,  be  represented  by  exhibitions  both  in  the 
North  and  South  of  England. 

International    Fruit    Show,     Buda- 

Pesth. — An  exhibition  of  fruits,  both  native  and 
foreign,  is  to  be  held  at  Buda-Pesth,  from  October  15 
to  30,  at  which  money  prizes,  as  also  medals,  will  be 
awarded.  Mr.  Wilhelm  Gillemot,  Gruppen 
Commissar,  Landes  Austellung,  Buda-Pesth,  will 
receive  applications  for  space,  and  forward  pro- 
grammes of  the  arrangements. 

Exhibition    of    Chrysanthemums    at 

Devizes. — This  annual  exhibition  takes  place  this 
year  on  November  17,  as  usual,  in  the  Corn  Ex- 
change, and  it  is  worthy  of  special  notice,  inasmuch 
as  it  is  of  a  purely  benevolent  character,  promoted 
by  a  body  of  ladies  who  act  as  district  visitors  among 
the  poor,  and  any  surplus  obtained  is  devoted  to 
purely  benevolent  objects,  A  bazaar  of  useful  and 
fancy  articles  takes  place  in  connection  with  it,  and 
good  prizes  are  offered  to  growers  of  this  popular 
autumn  flower,  All  the  exhibition  arrangements  are 
in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Thomas  King,  The  Gardens, 
Devizes  Castle. 

Plants   from   Ireland  in  Fruit. — The 

warm  summers  of  the  last  two  years  are  remarkable 
for  their  effects  in  ripening  the  fruits  of  some  rare 
plants  in  Ireland  as  well  as  in  England,  Miss  C.  M. 
Owen,  KnockmuUen,  sends  us  a  shoot  of  Myrtus 
pennsylvanicus,   bearing   purplish-green   fruits ;   and 


THE    GARDENEkS'     Chno Al CLE.  — OcTOXiiLV.    j,    iRP;. 


FlU,  9J. — ROCKEKY  AT  BATTLE  ABBEY.   (SEE  r.  424.) 


ftubus  occidentalis,  cherry-ted,  sweet,  Kaspberry- 
like  berries,  of  which  the  birds  are,  unfortunately,  too 
fond.  This  should  form  a  showy-looking  Bramble  in 
a  warm  corner  of  the  garden. 

Planera  Richardi. — Sit  C.  Strickland 

writes  about  this  tree  : — "  If  it  be  as  durable  as  it  is 
jaid  to  be  why  is  it  not  planted  in  England  more  than 
it  is  ?    It  has  been  known  a  long  time,  it  seems  to  be 


perfectly  taidy  here  (Votkshite),  and  it  is  by  no 
means  very  slow  growing,  and  it  ought  to  be  wotth 
more  than  Beech  or  Elm  as  a  timber  ttee." 

WooLHOPK  Naturalists'  Field  Club. — 

The  last  field  meeting  of  the  year  will  be  held  at 
Hetefotd  on  Thursday,  October  8,  for  a  fotay  among 
•  the  funguses,  when  the  Club  will  be  honoured  by  the 
company  of    many  distinguished    mycologists.     An 


evehing  meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Museum  room, 
at  the  Free  Library,  on  Wednesday  evening,  Octo- 
ber 7,  at  8.30,  when  the  funguses  brought  there  will 
be  named  and  studied.  Any  collection  of  funguses 
for  exhibition  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  Chapman,  at  the 
Free  Library,  on  Tuesday,  or  as  early  on  Wednesday 
as  may  be  convenient.  The  foray  will  be  made  on 
Risbury  Camp  and  the  park  and  lawns  of  Hampton 
Court.     Members  and  visitors  will  leave  the  Barr's 


431 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  18 


Court  station  with  the  9.25  a.m.  train,  to  reach 
Leominster  at  g.51,  where  carriages  will  be 
wailing  to  convey  the  visitors  to  Risbury  Camp. 
After  the  excursion,  and  the  completion  of  the  neces- 
sary official  business,  a  paper,  entitled  "  Flamen 
pomonalis,"  will  be  read  by  Dr.  M.  C.  CooicE,  M.  A., 
&c. ;  and  another  on  "  Some  Further  Remarks  on  the 
Origin  of  Domestic  Pouliry,"  by  E.  C.  Phillips, 
Esq.,  F.L  S.,  &c.  The  following  papers  will  also  be 
read  at  one  or  other  of  the  meetings  : — I.  "  The 
Effect  of  Fungus  Growth  in  Destroying  Tree  Life  " 
will  be  introduced  by  Dr.  Bull  as  a  subject  for 
discussion.  2.  "  Some  Notes  on  British  Puff-balls" 
by  William  Phillips,  Esq.,  F.L  S.,  &c.  3.  "On 
Polycisiina,  EiIR.,"  by  the  Rev.  John  E.  Vize,  M.A. 
4.  "  Bkefeld's  Researches  on  the  Uttilaginei,"  by 
Charles  B.  Plowright,  F. LS.  5.  "On  Pesta- 
lozzia,  De  Not.,"  by  the  Rev.  John  E  Vize,  M.A. 
6.  "The  Solution  of  a  New  Zealand  Botanical  Mys- 
tery," by  Dr.  Bull. 

Salvia  Greggii.— The  habit,   foliage,   and 

general  appearance  of  'this  new  Salvia  bear  a 
strong  resemblance  to  those  of  S.  Grahamii.  The 
leaves  are  small  in  both  cases,  but  in  the  latter  they  are 
ovate  and  serrate,  while  in  the  former  they  are  oblong, 
entire  and  narrowed  at  the  base.  The  flowers  are 
produced  in  simple  or  compound  racemes,  terminating 
not  only  the  main  a.xis,  but  all  the  numerous  lateral 
branches  by  which  a  continual  succession  is  main- 
tained for  mnny  weeks  in  a  greenhouse  or  cool  con- 
servatory during  autumn  and  early  winter.  The 
corolla  is  of  a  clear,  attractive  deep  rose  colour,  wiih 
the  upper  lip  hairy  and  small,  while  the  three-lobed 
lower  one  has  the  middle  segment  broad  and  reni- 
form.  The  plant  is  figured  in  a  recent  number  of  the 
Bolaiiicat  Magazine.  It  is  a  native  of  the  mountains 
of  northern  Mexico,  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet, 
.and  mu:t  consequently  be  nearly  hardy.  A  group  ol 
it  in  the  greenhouse  at  Kew  is  noliceable  for  its 
slender,  branching,  leafy  habit,  and  comparatively 
large  a'tractive  flowers. 

Phyi.loxeraLaws. — The  kingdom  of  Greece 

is  the  last  which  has  fourd  it  imperative  in  the 
interests  of  the  vineyard  culture — an  important  one 
indeed  for  ihe  miniature  monarchy — to  forbid  all 
trade  with  North  and  South  America,  Australia, 
Africa,  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  and  the  whole  of 
Europe,  wiih  the  exception  of  Holland,  Belgium, 
Denmark,  and  the  Scandinavian  kingdom,  in  trees 
and  plants  of  every  kind,  fresh  fruits  and  their  foliage, 
fruit  juice,  in  natural  or  mixed  state;  flowering  bulbs, 
and  fresh  fleshy  roots  of  every  description.  Vine  stakes 
which  have  been  used  in  vineyards  ;  and,  lastly,  hay 
in  bundles.  The  regulation  dates  from  July  5t  1S85. 
As  usual  the  restrictions  are  for  the  most  part  absurd 
and  unnecessary. 

Aponogeton    fenestralis.  —  In    popular 

estimation  this  has  always  been,  and  is  likely  to  be, 
an  interesting  plant,  judging  from  the  number  of 
visitors  who  make  a  point  of  seeing  it  when  they  visit 
Kew.  This  fact  is  further  attested  in  several  botanical 
works  of  note,  such  as  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
t.  4S94 ;  Flore  des  Scrres,  xi.,  t.  1 107— 8;  and 
Kegel's  Garlcn/Iota,  1S63,  t.  387.  Several  plants 
have  flowered  at  Kew  this  season,  and  one  may  still 
be  seen  in  the  fernery.  This  is  evidence  of  its  healthy 
condition,  and  speaks  in  favour  of  the  cultural  treat- 
ment it  receives.  The  plants  are  plunged  or  im- 
mersed in  a  tub  of  water,  the  suiface  of  which  is 
always  kept  rippling  by  a  gentle  stream  of  water, 
conducted  there  by  a  syphon.  Those  who  are 
acquainted  wiih  the  Cape  Pond-weed  cannot  fail  to 
be  struck  with  ihe  similarity  of  the  flowers  of  both, 
and  notwithstanding  the  dissimilarity  in  the  leaves  of 
the  two  it  is  the  only  difference.  The  leaves  of  a 
Latlice-Ieaf  plant  have  not  formed  the  softer, 
parenchymatous  tissue,  so  that  the  libro-vascular 
tissue  is  developed  like  an  open  network.  At  one 
;ime  it  is  said  the  natives  used  ihe  farinaceous 
(■ootstock  as  an  article  of  food,  which  is  to  be  re- 
,<retted,  if  still  practised,  as  it  would  tend  to  exter- 
minate a  species,  by  no  means  plentiful. 

Encephalartos  Hildebrandtii.— Of  the 

numerous  species  of  Encephalartos  cultivated  under 
the  proper  name,  or  under  that  of  Zamia,  this  is  one 
of  the  more  distinct.  The  leaves  are  pinnate,  wiih 
lanceolate  rather  closely  spiny  serrate  pinoK,  that 
become  gradually  smaller  and   shorter  towards  the 


base,  till  they  are  reduced  to  three  spiny-toothed  seg- 
ments resembling  little  leaflets  or  pinns.  This  cha- 
racter, and  that  of  the  compiratively  numerous 
spines  on  Ihe  pinns  constitute  the  strongly  distinc- 
tive features  of  this  species  when  not  in  fruit.  There 
is  a  handsome  fiuiling  specimen  amongst  the  unri- 
valled collection  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew  beaiing  a 
number  of  cones  of  various  sizes,  but  smaller  than 
those  of  E.  villosus,  another  allied  species.  E.  Hil- 
debrandlii  is  figured  in  the  Rcime  HorlicoU,  iSSo, 
456  ;  and  again  in  Regel's  Gartetiflora,  1S77,  p.  215. 
In  the  latter  a  whole  plant,  stem,  and  leaves,  but 
without  fruit,  however,  is  represented.  Even  in  this 
condition  their  P.ilm-like  character  should  gain  a 
wider  acquaintance  in  the  gardens  of  this  country  than 
they  do  at  present.  Many  species  of  the  Encepha- 
lartos could  be  conveniently  housed  where  a  large 
specimen  of  the  more  universally  grown  Cycas  revo- 
lutas  would  be  inadmissible  on  account  of  its  spread- 
ing habit. 

"The   Arte  of  Gardening."— A   corre- 
spondent writes  : — 

"  At  present  I  have  in  my  possession  a  curious  and 
interesting  work  of  a  still  older  date  than   the  Ho'lui 
Floridus.  viz.,   1608.      The  titlepage  announces    it  to 
be  the  '  .\rte  of   G.irdening,  whereunto  is  added  much 
necessarie  matter,   with  a  number  of  secrets  ;  and  the 
phisick  helps  belonging  to  each  hcarb,  which  .ire  easily 
prepared.     Hearuiuo  is  annexed  two  proper  Treatises, 
the  first  inlilultd   the  marvailous  governient,   properlie 
and  benefite  of  bees,  with  the  rare  secrets  ol   the  honie 
and  waxc  ;  the  other,  the  yearly  conictures  verie  neces- 
sary for  hustjandmen.     To  these  is   hkewise  ioyned   a 
tseatise  of  the   arte  of  graffing  and  planting  of  trees. 
Gathered  by  TlloMAS  Hill,  Citizen  of   London.     Im- 
printed by  Edward  .^llde,  London.'    Besides  the  type 
matter  it  com. lined  thirty-two  pages  ol   closely   written 
manuscipt,  and  bound  up  with  it  is  the  Scots  Gardener, 
in  two  parts,  '  published  for  the  climate  of  Scotland,  by 
John  Rf.iu.  gird'ner.'    The  first,  by  Tiio.mas  Hill,  is 
dedicated  to  the  Right  Worshipfull  Sir  Henry  Seames, 
Knight.     In  the  preface  we  are  told  that,  the  ancient 
philosophers  named  the  earth  the  mother  of  all  plants 
and  the  ni.inuring  and  dressing  of  it  to  be  an  exercise 
both  virtuous  and  profitable,  which  the  ancient  Romans 
anddiligcnthusbandmendidwellobserve.  in  that  they  from 
time  to  time  did  so  painfully  labour  and  dilligently  seek  out 
the  understanding   and  knowledge,    not  only  of  every 
kind  ol  earlh,  but  to  dig,  dung,  orderly  dress  and  cast 
into  squire  and  even  beds  every  ground,  and  after  the 
same  they  diligenlly  learned  the  apt  times  which  were 
most  convenient  to  sow  or  plant  in,  according  to  the 
increase  and  decrease  of  the  moone.     When  the  seedes 
were  thus  orderly  sowen  and  somewhat  come  up,  then 
they   thoroughly   learned   that   the  often   weeding   and 
watring  of  the  young  plantes  did  cause  them  the  faster 
to  come  up.     And  in  such  places  where  the  plantes  grow 
thick  together  they,  by  their  painfull  industry  learned  to 
set   them    thinner,    to   the   end   they   might   the  better 
increase  and  waxe  bigger."     Then  follows  a  description 
of  how  they  diligently  sought  the  best  means  to  cxpell 
and   destroy   veneniour  and   harmful    beastes,    worms, 
flyes,  and  such  like.     Amongst  the  helps  against  these 
enemies  of  ihe  garden  here  is  one  against  thick  mists  and 
frost  :  — '  That  il  you  bury  the  specked  lode  inclosed  in  a 
new  earthen  pot  in   the  middle  of  your  garden  that  the 
same  defendeth  it  from  the  hurtful  weather  and  tempests. 
Some  also  hang  the  eagle's  feathers  or  the  skin  of  the  sea- 
calf  in  the  middle  of  the  garden  or  in  the  four  corners 
of  the  same  as  a  piooved  defence  against  tempests;'  and 
mist  and  frost  .are  to  be  banished  by  burning  chaff,  weeds 
or  stubble  in   sundry  places,  so  that  the  smoke  may  pass 
over  the  garden.     It  appears  that  the  Ladies  of  ihose  days 
were  more  sensitive  in  regard  to  odour  than  those  of  the 
present    day,    for,    at    the   conclusion   of    the    cultural 
remarks  on  the  Narcissus  we  read   '  these  flowers  are 
greatly  esteemed  by  many  people  for  their  strong  sweet 
scent,  though  there  be  few  ladies  that  can  bear  the  smell 
of  them,'  &c." 

Ealing,  Acton,  and  Hanwell  Horti- 
cultural Society.— On  the  23d  ult.  the  exhi- 
bitors at  the  exhibitions  of  the  above  Society, 
together  wiih  a  large  number  of  supporters,  dined 
together  at  the  Lyric  Hall,  Ealing,  in  celebration  of 
the  twenty-first  anniversary  of  the  Society,  the  first 
exhibition  having  taken  place  in  1S65.  The  chair 
was  taken  by  Mr.  Richard  Dean,  who  has  tilled  the 
oflice  of  Hon.  Secretary  to  the  Society  for  the  space 
of  ten  years  ;  the  Vice-Chairmen  were  Mr.  George 
Cannon,  of  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son  ;  Mr.  J.  Roberts, 
Gunnersbury  Park  ;  and  Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  Hanger 
Hill  House.  Anincidert  of  a  very  agreeable  character 
took  place  in  the  course  of  the  evening  by  the  prestn- 
tation    to    Mr.    R.    Dean     ol    a   massive    marble 


clock.      The    presentation    was    made    by    Mr.  E. 

Fountain,    The  Elms    Gardens,  Hanger  Hill.  la 

addition,  an  illuminated  address  was  presented  to 
Mr.  Dean,  signed  by  sixty-seven  subscribers, 

M.  Edouard  Boissier.— We  regret  to  state 

that  M.  Boissier,  author  of  the  Flora  Orientalis, 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Jardin  d'Acclimata- 
tion  of  Geneva,  died  suddenly  last  Friday,  Sept.  25-. 

Frost  in  Devon. — Two  degrees  of  frost  on 

the  morning  of  the  26ih  and  27th  ult.,  and  6' 
on  the  2Sih.  This  is  ihe  first  time  since  1874 
that  frost  has  occurred  in  the  month  of  September. 
Marrows,  Scarlet  Runners,  and  French  Beans, 
Dahlias,  and  Begonias,  were  blackened.  The  29th 
was  quite  mild,  with  warm  showers. 

Gardening    ArroiNTMENTS.— Mr.   John 

Thomas,  late  Foreman  at  Petworth  Park,  Sussex, 
has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Lieut. -Colonel 
Harefield,  Sunbury  Court,  Sunbury-on-Thames, 
Middlesex.— Mr.  J.  Ford,  lately  at  Birdhurst,  Croy- 
don, as  Head  Gardener  to  Captain  Elliot,  Fatn- 
boroughPark,  Hants.  — Mr.  H.  Forder,  late  Foreman 
at  Park  Place,  Henley  on-Thames,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  Colonel  W.  CORNWALLIS  West, 
Ruthin  Castle,  North  Wales.— Mr.  Walter  Evans, 
lale  Gardener  to  F.  Pine,  Esq.,  Maidstone,  as  Head 
Gardener  to  J.  A.  Taylou,  Esq.,  Strensham  Court, 
Tewkesbury. 


CLEISTOGAMOUS   FLOWERS 
OF  HOYA. 

Whilst  on  the  subject  of  Hoya  and  Asclepiads,  I 
must    make   a   protest   against    a    repetition   of  the 
statement  that  the   genus  Hoya  is   to  be  numbered 
among  the  genera  known  to   produce   cleistogamous 
flowers  (flowers  close  feriilised  in  the  bud  before  expan- 
sion) ;    but   I  believe    the    statement   to    be    based 
upon  a  misconception    or   imperfect    observation.    I 
hive  never  seen  a  cleistogamous  flower  upon  any  As- 
clepiadaceous  plant,  and  it  is  a  group  I  have  paid  much 
attention   to,    although    I   have  seen  what  I    believe 
have  been  mistaken  for  cleistogamous   flowers  upon 
Hoya  and  upon  some  species  of  Stapelia,  Boucerosia, 
&c.,  and  it  merely  amounts  to  this :— When  a  flower 
(perhaps  the  only  one  out  of  several  in  an  umbel  or 
cyme)  has   been  fertilised,  the  corolla  falls  away  and 
the  calyx  segments  close  up  around  the  ovary,  which 
is  quite  small,  and   in  this  state  it  will   remain  upon 
the  plant  for  several  weeks,  or  even  months  apparently 
unchanged.      The   pedicels   of    all    the    unfertilised 
flowers  having  long  before  fallen  away,  a  person  first 
observing  It  in  this  state,  and  afterwards  noting  that 
it  developed  fruit,  would  be  very  likely  to  think  that 
the   flower  thus   producing   fruit  was  cleistogamous, 
since  no  corolla  was  seen  ;  but  had  the  so  imagined 
cleistogamous   flowers  been  examined,   I  believe  no 
corolla,    filaments,    anthers,    or    pollen,    would  hive 
been  found   inside  them,  nothing  but  the  two  carpels 
of  the  ovary.     But  for  all  this  the  case  is  interesting 
and  very  remarkable  in  this— that   no  rule  appears  to 
be  followed,  as  I   have  had   plants  belonging  to  the 
Stapelia   group    flower    and    produce   their   fruit   in 
the  same  season,  that  is  to  say,  that  after  the  corolla 
has  fallen  the  carpels  grow   and  swell  out   rapidly  ; 
but  at  other  times  the  fertilised  carpels  remain  dormant 
for  a  long  time  before  they  commence  to  grow  out ; 
and  I  have  observed  both  cases  to  occur  upon  the 
same  individual,  namely,  in    a    plant  of   Boucerosia 
europaea  ;  one  year  it  flowered  and    ripened  its  seed 
during  the  same  autumn,  another   year  the  carpels  of 
Ihe  fertilised  flower  remained  perfectly  dormant  from 
about  the  middle  of  October  until  April  of  the  follow- 
ing year,  when   they  commenced  to  grow  out,  and 
the  seed  ripened  in  July  or  August.     Why  this  is  the 
case  I  am  quite  unable  to  guess;  whether  they  do  it 
under  natural  conditions  or  whether  it  is  due  to  ths 
treatment  they  receive  under  cultivation  I  cannot  say, 
I  treat   my  plants  all  alike  so  far  as  I  can  tell,  but 
still  it  by  no  means  follows  that  the  conditions  are 
always  nearly  the  same,  I  will  not   say  absolutely  the 
same,  for  that  is  an  impossible  thing  to  arrive  at,  and 
there  may  have   been  some  slight  difference  in   the 
arrangement  of  the  soil,  causing  it  to  hold  more  wate 
one  year  than  another,  and  so  cause  the  carpels    to 
develope  or  become  arrested    as    the   case  may  be  ; 
Iherewasnodifference  in  the  soil  itself,  as  I  donotrepot 
my    Stapelias    for    several    years    together.    N.    E, 
Brown,  Herbarium,  Kew, 


OcroiJER  J,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


lo:) 


FERTILISATION   OF   HOYAS 
AiND    OTHER  ASCLEPIADS. 

On  p.  374  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  repeats  the  somewhat 
erroneous  statement  he  gave  in  1882  in  these  columns 
(see  vol.  xvii.,  p  570)  as  to  the  manner  in  which 
these  plants  are  fertilised.  The  "glutinous  disc  "  to 
which  he  refers  is  not  really  glutinous,  but  is  of  a 
horny  consistence,  quite  smooth,  and  very  highly 
polished,  but  not  in  the  least  sticky.  The  manner  in 
which  the  pollen  masses  are  extracted  is  as  follows  : — 
The  "  glutinous  disc,"  or  "  gland  "  of  some  authors,  I 
prefer  to  term  a  corpuscle,  since  it  is  not  a  gland  in 
any  sense  ol  the  word,  but  is  itself  a  horny  secretion 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  stigma  ;  ihere  are  five  of 
these  corpuscles  in  each  flower,  one  to  each  stigma, 
for  the  Asclepiads  present  the  great,  and,  so  far  as  I 
know,  unique  anomaly,  of  having  five  stigmas  and  but 
two  carpels  !  The  stigmas  are  situated  at  the  five 
angles  of  the  gynostetiium  between  the  anthers,  but 
are  only  visible  externally  in  the  shape  of  a  very  nar- 
row fissure,  which  is  wider  and  open  at  the  bottom, 
the  true  stigmatic  surface  being  at  the  inner  and  upper 
part  of  a  cavity  behind  this  fissure  ;  at  the  lop  of  the 
fissure,  and  continuous  with  il,  is  seated  the  corpuscle, 
smooth,  shiny,  and  dark  brown  or  black  in  colour. 
This  corpuscle  is  rather  a  curious  piece  of  apparatus  ; 
if  it  is  carefully  examined  under  a  microscope  and 
transverse  sections  of  it  made,  it  will  be  found  to  be 
hollow,  with  the  cavity  open  at  the  base,  closed  above 
perfectly,  and  in  front  imperfectly,  by  the  closely 
applied  acute  edges  ;  where  the  edges  meet  they  form 
a  distinct  fissure  down  the  front  of  the  corpuscle,  and 
at  the  base  the  fissure  widens  out  like  an  inverted  V  ; 
of  course  all  this  is  very  minute,  and  scarcely,  if  at 
all,  visible  with  the  naked  eye.  Under  a  high  power 
of  the  microscope  a  transverse  section  of  the  corpuscle 
exhibits  a  stratified  appearance,  which  is  due  to  the 
secretion  of  successive  layers  of  the  substance  of  which 
the  corpuscle  is  formed. 

The  manner  in  which  the  corpuscle  acts  in  entrap- 
ping flies,  iSic,  and  in  causing  them  to  withdraw  the 
pollen  masses  is  in  this  way.  The  fissure  of  the  cor- 
puscle (when  this  is  in  its  proper  position  in  the 
flower)  is  directly  continuous  with  ihe  fissure  that 
leads  to  the  stigmatic  cavity,  which  fissure,  as  I  have 
above  stated,  is  widened  out  at  the  base.  Flie?, 
bees,  &c.,  when  crawling  about  the  flower  in  search 
of  nectar  frequently  manage  to  get  their  legs,  antennae, 
or  proboscis  in  the  widened  opening  of  the  fi-sure 
leading  to  the  sligmatic  cavity,  and  when  they  endea- 
vour to  move,  and  the  movement  is  in  an  upward 
direction,  as  would  be  generally  the  case,  the  leg  or 
other  organ  would  be  drawn  up  the  rapidly  narrow- 
ing opening,  and  be  caught  by  the  closely  contiguous 
elastic  edges  o(  the  stigmatic  cavity,  and  although 
clafped  pretty  tightly  the  edges  are  so  smooth  that 
the  insect  easily  drags  the  imprisoned  part  up  to  the 
top  of  the  fissure,  and  thence  into  the  fissure  of  the 
corpuscle,  but  once  caught  by  this  organ  it  is  not  so 
easy,  and  usually  impossible,  for  the  insect  to  get  frte, 
for,  besides  being  more  rigidly  elastic,  it  is  absolutely 
closed  at  the  top,  so  that  the  part  caught  could  not 
slip  upwards,  and  so  come  out  free  ;  therefore  the 
insect  pulls  the  corpuscle  away  from  its  slight  attach- 
ment to  the  stigmatic  fissure,  and  with  it  the  pair 
of  pollen  masses  which  are  attached  to  its  sides  by 
shorter  or  longer  caudicles.  When  pulled  out  from 
the  anther-cells  the  pollen  masses  undergo  slight 
movements,  sometimes  springing  together,  some- 
times becoming  slightly  more  divergent,  and  generally 
a  slight  amount  of  twisting  also  takes  place  ;  these 
movements  are  due  to  the  rapid  drying  of  the  caudicles 
when  exposed  to  the  air.  Sometime?,  as  stated  by 
Mr.  Smith,  besides  being  held  by  the  corpuscle,  the 
leg  or  other  part  of  the  insect  is  embraced  by  the 
caudicles  of  the  pollen  masses,  but  this,  according  to 
my  experience,  happens  but  rarely.  Should  the 
corpuscle  be  more  firmly  attached  than  usual  to  the 
stigmatic  fissure,  and  should  the  insect  not  be 
suthcienlly  strong  to  overcome  the  adhesion,  it 
is  either  held  there  until  it  dies  or  only  escapes 
by  the  loss  of  the  whole  or  part  of  the  captured 
limb. 

I  have  wi'nessed  both  instances.  On  one 
occasion  a  small  fly  was  caught  by  its  foot 
and  was  not  strong  enough  to  pull  the  cor- 
puscle from  its  place,  and  it  kept  twisting  round 
and  round  until  it  escaped  minus  the  whole  of  its 
tarsal  joints  which  were  left  held  in  the  cleft  of  the 
corpuscle.  Although  the  pollen  masses  are  most 
frequently  extracted  by  means  of  the  legs  of  insects  I 


have  seen  them  withdrawn  by  the  proboscis,  antennae, 
and  by  single  hairs  upon  the  insect. 

Having  withdrawn  the  pollen  masses,  in  ordef  to 
secure  fertilisation  they  must  be  placed  in  contact 
with  the  stigmatic  surface,  which,  as  previously  ex- 
plained, lies  at  the  upper  and  inner  part  of  the  stig- 
matic cavity  ;  this  is  easily  managed.  An  insect 
crawling  about  a  flower  with  one  or  more  pollen 
masses  attached  to  him,  is  pretty  certain  to  get  in  such 
a  position  whilst  doing  50  that  one,  or  even  a  pair  of 
pollen  masses  is  placed  in  or  at  the  mouth  of  the 
stigmatic  cavity  {that  is,  where  the  fissure  widens  out 
at  its  lower  end),  and  the  least  movement  on  the  part 
of  the  insect  in  the  right  direction  causes  them  to  slip 
in  the  cavity,  and  so  smooth  are  they  that  they  do 
this  with  91'eat  rapidity  and  suddenness  ;  when  once 
in,  the  same  process  goes  on  as  in  the  manner  of  their 
original  extraction,  only  in  this  case  it  usually  hap- 
pens that  it  is  the  caudicle  of  the  pollen  mass  that  is 
caught  in  the  fissure,  and  in  pulling  itself  away  the 
insect  forces  the  pollen  mass  as  far  up  the  stig- 
matic cavity  as  it  can  go,  and  then  the  caudicle 
breaks  ofi",  sometimes,  though  rarely,  at  the  end 
attached  to  the  corpuscle,  but  gsnerally  it  sepa- 
rates at  its  attachment  with  the  pollen  mass,  and 
then,  often,  the  caudicle  is  dragged  up  the  stigmatic 
fissure  until  it  reaches  and  enters  the  cleft  in  the  cor- 
puscle seated  at  the  top  of  it,  and  then  another  pair 
of  pollen  masses  are  extracted  in  the  same  way  as  the 
original  pair  were  by  the  leg  or  other  part  of  the 
insect.  Sometimes  a  series  of  several  corpuscles  and 
caudicles  attached  to  one  another  are  found  fixed 
upon  an  insect's  leg,  the  caudicle  of  one  pollen  mass 
(after  fertilising  the  flower  by  dragging  the  pollen 
mass  into  the  stigmatic  cavity)  serving  to  withdraw 
another  pair  of  pollen  masses,  the  caudicles  of  which 
in  their  turn  may  repeat  the  process. 

For  a  full  and  complete  account  the  structure, 
development,  and  fertilisation  of  an  Asclepiad  flower, 
I  would  refer  those  interested  in  the  matter  to  the 
la'e  Mr.  Corry's  paper  upon  the  subject,  published 
in  a  recent  part  of  the  Transadions  of  the  Litinean 
Society.  It  was  somewhat  remarkable  that  Mr. 
Corry  and  myself  should,  unknown  to  each  other, 
have  been  working  at  the  same  subject  at  the  same 
time,  and  have  arrived  at  almost  exactly  the  same  con- 
clusions, the  ground  gone  over  by  each  of  us  being 
nearly  the  same,  except  that  I  worked  chiefly  with 
the  genus  Stapelia  and  its  allies,  although  also  with 
Asclepias  and  other  genera,  whilst  Mr.  Corry  dealt 
almost  entirely  with  Asclepias;  he  also  paid  atten- 
tion to  the  results  of  self  and  cross- fertilisation,  which 
I  did  not  do.   N.  E.  Broivn, 


7hE    'pRCHID    j40U3E. 


COOL  ORCHIDS. 
The  weather  has  been  cold  for  the  last  few  days, 
and  we  have,  in  cor.sequence,  removed  from  this 
house  to  the  Catlleya-house  all  the  plants  that  have  to 
be  wintered  there.  I  find  the  different  form  01 
position  of  the  cool-house  has  much  to  do  with  its 
adaptability  to  preserve  certain  species  of  Orchids 
during  the  winter.  For  instance,  when  I  had  to 
grow  the  cool  Orchids  in  a  span-roofed  house  well  ex- 
posed to  the  sun,  many  species  did  well  there,  which 
fail  to  pass  the  winter  in  good  condition  in  our  new 
house,  which  is  a  lean-to  and  facing  north.  Odonto- 
glossum  cirrosum,  for  instance,  was  always  satis- 
factory in  the  span-roof,  but  it  will  not  do  at  all  in 
the  lean-to  with  the  same  minimum  temperature  ; 
half  our  plants  were  tried  in  the  Cattleya-house  last 
year,  and  the  others  in  the  cool-house.  They  did  so 
much  better  with  the  Cattleyas,  that  we  have  this 
year  removed  them  all  there,  where  they  occupy  a 
position  on  the  north  side  with  O.  vexillarium.  O. 
cirrosum  has  more  than  doubled  in  price  during  the 
last  year  or  two,  it  is  doubtless  not  so  plentiful  as  it 
was  ;  I  know  that  some  growers  have  lost  plants  by 
keeping  it  in  the  cool-house  through  the  winter. 
Ada  aurantiaca  has  also  been  placed  in  the  Cattleya- 
house.  The  white  Masdevallia,  M.  tovarensis,  has 
also  had  reserved  for  it  a  sunny  positionm  the  Cattleya- 
house  ;  the  plants  are  growing  with  great  vigour.  This 
pretty  little  species  was  rather  over-rated,  when 
it  was  scarce,  and  consequently  expensive,  but  it  is 
very  useful  to  produce  pure  white  blooms  at  mid- 
winter—  a  property  that  will  prevent  it  being 
neglected.  The  space  occupied  by  these  plants 
has  been  filled  up  by  giving  the  more  hardy  Odonto- 


glossums,  cS:c.,  more  room,  and  this  wa^  a  good 
chance  to  thoroughly  clean  the  woodwork,  and 
also  the  plants  themselves.  Red-spider  has  to  be 
kept  down  by  sponging,  so  also  his  greenfly.  The 
latter  is  very  troublesome  indeed,  in  the  cool-house. 
It  clusters  round  the  young  growths  as  soon  as  they 
start  from  the  base  of  the  old  balbs,  it  also  attacks 
the  flower-spikes  as  they  issue  from  the  axils  of  the 
leaves.  I  do  not  know  any  better  way  to  destroy 
them  than  by  dipping  the  whole  plant  in  tobacco,  or 
soft-soapy  water,  or  by  using  a  brush  dipped  in  the 
water  to  brush  them  oft".  I  seldom  go  through  the 
house  without  destroying  several  colonies  of  them 
with  the  fingers.  Of  course,  after  a  thorough  look 
over,  as  the  plants  are  receiving  now,  they  will  not 
want  any  further  attention  for  some  time.  If  any 
plants  require  repotting,  this  should  be  done  at  once, 
I  would  rather  pot  cool  Orchids,  even  at  unseasonable 
limes,  than  that  they  should  get  into  bad  condition 
by  not  being  repotted.  On  this  subject  there  is  much 
difl'erence  of  opinion.  I  have  potted  Masdevallias 
and  Odontoglossums  in  every  month  in  the  year,  and 
have  been  successful  at  all  periods.  Some  good 
growers  have  stated  that  they  ought  not  to  be  repotted 
during  the  summer  monthp,  but  I  have  repotted 
hundred  of  plants  during  the  months  of  June  and 
July,  and  they  have  succeeded  equally  well  with  those 
repotted  in  spring  or  in  autumn.  Some  persons 
may  fancy  that  the  hot  dry  days  of  June  and  July 
are  so  exhausting  to  cool  Orchids  that  to  disturb 
their  roots  at  that  tim^  may  do  grievous  harm,  but 
that  il  is  not  so. 

Cultivators  of  cool  Orchids  will  have  observed  that 
slugs  are  rather  fastidious  in  their  tastes,  and  that 
they  prefer  the  succulent  young  spikes  of  Oncidium 
macranthum  to  anylhing  else.  The  plan  we  have 
adopted  now  with  these  Oncids  is  to  fill  a  saucer 
with  water,  invert  a  pot  in  the  water,  and  place  the 
pot  containing  this  Oncidium  on  the  inverted  pot. 
It  is  necessary  to  watch  the  plants  narrowly  for  a  few 
weeks  at  first  to  see  that  no  slugs  have  been  imprisoned 
in  the  fortress,  as  they  cannot  pass  the  moat  either 
way.  I  fancy  slugs  are  more  voracious  at  this  season 
than  they  are  at  any  other  time.  It  is,  therefore,  a 
necessary  part  of  the  cultivators 's  work  to  look  for 
them  every  night  with  a  good  lamp.  At  present  the 
temperature  of  this  house  ought  not  to  fall  below  50'. 
y .  Doui^las. 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 

Rhus  cotinus. 
It  is  singular  that  this  old  plant  should  have  so 
little  attention  paid  to  it  at  the  present  lime,  for  cer- 
tainly it  is  one  of  the  most  striking  and  beautiful 
shrubs  in  cultivation.  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  and 
grows  in  almost  any  kind  of  soil.  The  flowers  come 
out  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  upon  long  hair-like 
footstalks,  which  divide  and  branch  into  large  hair- 
like  bunches  of  a  purplish  colour,  whence  the  name 
of  Wig  Plant.  These  appear  towards  autumn,  and  are 
very  striking  when  the  sun  is  setting.  I  saw  a  fine  speci- 
men lately  in  the  grounds  of  Benningborough  Hall  ; 
since  then  I  have  seen  several  specimens  in  the  beau- 
tiful and  interesting  grounds  of  Escrick  Park,  the 
residence  of  Lord  Wenlock.  I  think  nurserymen 
might  do  .something  in  the  way  of  increasing  the 
spread  of  this  and  many  other  beautiful  old  plants. 
They  are  easily  increased  by  cuttings,  also  by  layers. 
M.  Saul,  Hol^alc,    York. 

PiCEA   MORINDA. 

In  your  description  of  this  most  ornamental 
of  all  the  Spruces  there  is  hardly  sufficient  prom- 
inence given  to  its  pendulous  character.  It  is  not 
only  curved  in  a  downward  direction,  but  droops, 
or  weeps,  as  the  enclosed  shoots  will  show.  Of 
course  a  good  deal  depends  on  soil  and  situation  ; 
but  the  long  slender  shoots,  drooping  back  at  right 
angles  to  the  ground,  without  any  curve,  gives  this 
tree  such  a  drooping  appearance  that  I  have  long 
designated  it  the  Weeping  Spruce.  The  cone  illus- 
trated on  p,  J93  is  unusually  even  and  regular  for  this 
Spruce.  The  majority  of  them  are  more  or  less 
irregular,  as  if  a  ligature  of  varying  width  were  irregu- 
larly run  round  the  cones.  I  enclose  you  several 
showing  this  tendency  to  uneven  development.  Can 
the  rosin  so  plentiful  on  most  of  them  be  the  cause  of 
this?  No  doubt  its  sticky  character  resists  growth  to 
some  extent ;  and  possibly  this,  with  its  unequal 
diffusion,  may  be  the  cause  of  the  unequal  growth  of 
different  portions  of  the  cone.  I  am  pleased  to  endorse 


436 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885. 


all  you  say  about  the  usefulness  for  ornament  and  the 
rapid  growth  of  this  Spruce.  The  efTects  of  the  light 
green  shoots  in  the  early  spring  described  by  you  are 
so  striking  that  this  Spruce  has  also  been  called 
Candelabra  Tree. 

Unusual  Free  Growth  of  Conifers  this 
Season. 

The  dry  cool  summer  now  drawing  to  a  close  seems 
to  have  been  favourable  to  the  growth  of  most 
Conifers.  Most  of  our  trees  have  made  larger  growth 
and  look  more  robust  and  verdant  than  usual.  This 
applies  to  Firs,  Spruce,  Cedars,  Silver  Firs,  &c. 
Different  species  or  varieties  of  these  have  all  done 
remarkably  well,  and  several  of  them  have  produced 
unusually  good  crops  of  cones.  This  is  especially  the 
case  with  Abies  Douglasii,  Morinda,  Abies  Pinsapo 
and  cephalonica,  and  the  Atlantic  and  Lebanon 
Cedars.  The  cones,  however,  are  not  only  ab- 
normally numerous,  but  late,  so  much  so  that  it 
seems  doubtful  if  they  will  ripen.  The  Araucaria 
has  also  coned,  but,  as  usual  in  the  absence  of 
male  bloom,  the  seeds  are  useless.  The  abnormally 
free  growth  of  the  Conifers  can  hardly  be  the  result  of 
the  dry  season,  as  we  mostly  think  the  rainfall  of  East 
Anglia  all  too  little  for  them  ;  it  is  more  likely  to 
have  resulted  from  the  coolness  of  the  past  summer; 
as  the  trees  are  more  verdant  than  usual,  part  of  this 
no  doubt  arises  from  the  length  and  vigour  of  the 
shoots.  Such  fine  Pines  as  excelsa,  Sabiniana,  and 
macrocarpa  have  more  of  a  semi-glaucous  hue  than 
usual,  while  the  Atlantic  variety  of  the  Cedar  is 
almost  blue.   D.  T.  Fish. 

Rhaphithamnus  cyanocarpus. 
In  most  works  this  plant  will  be  found  under  its 
old  but  incorrect  name  of  Citharexylon  cyanocarpum. 
It  is  an  interesting  and  pretty  Chilian  evergreen  shrub 
with  small  Myrtle-like  leaves,  spiny  branches,  and 
tubular  blueish  flowers,  which  are  succeeded  by  blue 
fruits  about  the  size  of  a  Pea,  which  are  very  orna- 
mental. It  has  long  been  grown  in  the  winter  garden 
at  Kew,  planted  out  in  one  of  the  beds.  The  follow- 
ing account,  however,  is  of  a  plant  in  the  open  air  in 
the  beautiful  garden  of  Mr.  Rashleigh,  at  Menabilly, 
m  Cornwall.  Beautiful  flowering  specimens  were 
sent  us  for  naming,  and  an  enquiry  elicited  the  follow- 
ing information  :— "  The  plant  is  growing  outdoors, 
and  flowering  freely.  It  is  11  feet  high,  and  7  feet  in 
diameter  at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  one  of  the 
branches  being  8  inches  in  circumference.  It  pro- 
duces a  nice  effect  ;  is  growing  on  a  slope  about  200 
feet  above  sea-level,  in  a  deep  loamy  soil,  very  much 
exposed  to  the  north,  east,  and  west  winds.  One  of 
the  greatest  enemies  we  have  here  to  vegetation  is  the 
wind,  and  this  plant  gets  a  fair  share  of  it."  A  figure 
of  this  pretty  shrub,  drawn  from  Mr.  Kashleigh's 
specimens,    will  appear  in   the  BolanUal  Magazine. 


The     pFjopAQATOR. 


THE  PROPAG.\TION  OF  BEDDING  PLANTS. 
(Ccntiimed  fnin  p.  373.) 
Calceolarias.— At  this  time  of  the  year  a  general 
batch  of  Calceolaria  cuttings  of  the  kinds  required  lor 
bedding  next  year  should  be  made.  When  taking 
the  cuttings  the  gross  pieces  should  be  passed  over, 
and  a  selection  made  of  the  side-shoots  of  interme- 
diate growth.  The  cuttings  may  be  from  2  to  3 
inches  long,  but  each  one  must  be  made  just  below 
a  leaf-joint.  To  keep  the  cutting  firm  in  the  pot  it 
will  only  be  necessary  to  cut  off  the  two  bottom 
leaves  before  dibbling  in.  About  sixteen  cuttings  can 
be  dibbled  around  the  edge  of  a  24-pot,  and  eight  in 
the  middle.  The  holes  made  by  dibbling  should  be 
tilled  up  with  dry  sand. 

After  watering  the  cuttings  they  should  be  placed 
on  a  good  ash  bottom  in  a  close  cold  frame.  Here 
they  must  be  sprinkled  with  a  fine-rose  pot  morning 
and  afternoon,  and  for  ventilation  the  lights  should  be 
pushed  down  or  raised  from  the  back  for  an  inch  for 
an  hour  in  the  morning.  They  should  also  be  shaded 
on  sunny  days,  and  every  night  a  mat  should  be 
thrown  across  the  frame.  When  the  plants  have  well 
rooted  the  sprinkling  overhead  should  be  discon- 
tinued, it  being  then  only  necessary  to  water  them  as 
they  become  dry.  All  dead  leaves  should  be  removed, 
to   prevent  them  damping  other   leaves  near   them. 


As  the  nights  become  frosty  the  frames  must  be  pro- 
tected with  mats  or  other  material. 

Some  few  years  ago  it  was  noticed  that  Calceolarias 
were  not  much  used  for  bedding  in  our  parks  and 
gardens.  It  was  because  the  plants  had  died  off,  and 
marred  the  general  beauty  of  the  beds.  This  can, 
however,  be  prevented.  In  the  first  place  spring- 
rooted  cuttings  must  never  be  used  for  bedding  pur- 
poses ;  if  they  are  used  the  majority  of  them  will  die 
off  alter  they  have  thrown  up  their  first  bits  of  flower. 
The  proper  plants  to  use  are  autumn-struck  cuttings 
which  have  had  the  tops  twice  pinched  out  while  in 
the  cutting- pots.  And  these  should  not  be  taken  out 
of  the  store  pots  and  potted  into  other  pots  until 
about  six  weeks  before  they  are  bedded  out.  The 
roots  must  not  be  allowed  to  become  pot-bound,  be- 
cause if  they  are  in  that  state  when  knocked  out  of 
the  pots  the  fleshy  points  of  the  roots  will  stick  to  the 
sides  of  the  pots,  and  consequently  it  frequently 
happens  that  such  plants  when  bedded  out  perhaps 
flower  a  little,  but  soon,  and  suddenly,  wither  and 
die. 

The  Calceolaria  beds  should  be  watered  twice  or 
three  times  a  week  in  dry  weather.  They  should  not 
merely  be  sprinkled  with  a  rose-pot,  but  should  be 
well  watered  with  a  spout-pot. 

Greenfly  veiy  frequently  attack  and  spoil  the  plants 
in  the  frame  if  steps  are  not  taken  to  prevent  their 
ravages  by  lightly  smoking  them  once  a  week. 

The  soil  for  the  cuttings  should  be  composed  of 
loam,  leaf-mould,  and  sand,  well  mixed  together,  and 
sifted  through  a  j-inch  sieve.  The  cutting-pots, 
which  should  be  of  24-si2e,  should  be  filled  with  this 
soil  to  within  a  ^inch  of  the  top,  and  alter  the  soil 
has  been  lirmly  pressed  down  the  remaining  space 
should  be  filled  with  a  layer  of  sand.  The  soil  should 
be  well  watered  before  the  cuttings  are  dibbled  in. 

Some  prefer  to  make  up  a  cutting-bed  for  the  Cal- 
ceolarias in  a  cold  frame,  but  when  cuttings  are 
rooted  in  pots  they  are  perhaps  more  easily  managed, 
particularly  if  only  a  small  quantity  be  required. 
T.  O'B. 


BEAN    WEEVIL. 


Havinc,  received,  in  the  early  part  of  the  present 
year,  a  packet  of  seed  Beans,  a  large  portion  of  which 


were  infested  by  Bruchus  rufimanus  (fig.  (J4),  I  deter- 
mined to  sow  a  quantity  of  the  damaged  seed  in  order 
to  ascertain  the  true  extent  of  the  mischief  wrought 
by  the  beetles.  I  therefore  selected  twenty  Beans, 
three  of  wnich  had  each  been  perforated  by  three 
weevils,  five  by  two,  and  twelve  by  one  only,  and 
sowed  them  under  the  most  favourable  conditions  for 
their  growth  and  general  welfare.  In  about  a  fortnight 
the  young  plants  appeared,  seemingly  in  no  way  the 
worse  for  the  injury  received  by  the  seed.  The  growth 
was  strong  and  vigorous,  and  the  condition  of  the 
plants  all  that  could  be  desired.  When  the  time  for 
fruition  came  round,  however,  a  great  change  took 
place.  The  blossoms  were  scanty  and  small,  the 
foliage  faded  and  withered,  and  in  several  cases  the 
plants  died  oft  without  producing  a  single  pod. 

The  first  three  plants,  or  those  raised  from  seed 
pierced  by  three  weevils,  were  naturally  the  least 
produci  ve.  One  of  these  was  altogether  barren, 
while  the  remaining  two  bore  but  three  pods  between 
them,  none  of  which  arrived  at  perfection.  The  next 
five,  grown  from  seed  tenanted  by  two  beetles  only, 
were  slightly  more  fruitful,  bearing  in  all  six  pods,  of 
which  five  reached  their  full  growth.  Two  of  these 
five  plants,  however,  were  barren.  Upon  the  remain- 
ing twelve,  the  seed  of  which  had  but  one  perforation, 
I  counted  twenty-three  pods,  not  more  than  ten  cf 
which  arrived  at  maturity.  Only  one  plant  of  this 
latter  group  was  entirely  unfruitful.  It  will  thus  be 
seen  that  the  twenty  plants  bore  among  them  but 
thirty-two  pods  in  all,  of  which  less  than  one-half 
came  to  perfection.  The  Bean  in  question,  I  should 
mention,  was  not  one  of  the  most  freely-bearing 
varieties,  six  pods  being  the  average  yield  of  each 
plant.  The  difference,  however,  between  the  pro- 
duce of  the  infested  seed  and  of  that   sown  at  the 


same  time,  which  was  free  from  the  weevil,  proved 
beyond  question  that  the  presence  of  the  beetle  is 
highly  prejudicial,  not  to  the  germinating  qualities  of 
the  seed,  which  appear  to  be  uninjured,  but  to  the 
reproductive  capabilities  of  the  adult  plant. 

A  striking  feature  in  connection  with  the  above 
experiment  was  that  the  plants  raised  from  weevilled 
seed,  with  one  single  exception,  altogether  escaped 
the  attacks  of  Aphis  rumicis,  from  which  scarcely 
another  plant  in  the  garden  was  free.  From  this  I 
infer  that  the  sap  of  the  weakened  plants  was  of  too 
deteriorated  a  character  to  satisfy  the  fastidious  tastes 
of  the  "colliers,"  Theodore  Wood,  treenian  Lodge, 
St.  Peter's,  Kent,  Aug,  21,  in  "  Entomologists' 
Monthly  Magazine." 


PRIMULA    FARINOSA. 

For  our  illustration  of  this  little  gem  (fig.  95) 
we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Scott  Wilson.  It  is  found 
on  our  Scottish  mountains,  as  well  as  in  Switzerland, 
and  generally  in  deep,  rich,  moist  soil,  fully  exposed 
to  the  light.  The  flowers  are  of  a  pale  lilac  colour, 
with  the  mouth  of  the  tube  forming  a  yellow  eye.  It 
grows  well  in  boggy  soil. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Muscat  Champion  Grape. — This  Grape  is  un- 
deservedly neglected.  The  class  for  it  at  the  recent 
Grape  show  at  South  Kensington  was  the  only  one 
that  failed  to  attract  exhibitors.  The  colour  of  the 
berries  is  to  many  an  olgection.  Well  finished 
bunches,  however,  often  have  the  colour  of  tawny 
port  ;  a  colour  not  to  be  despised.  The  report  is 
abroad  that  it  is  a  difticult  Grape  to  cultivate.  It  is 
extraordinary,  considering  how  little  the  Grape  is 
grown,  how  this  calumny  has  been  remembered. 
Muscat  Champion  will  succeed  with  the  same  treat- 
ment as  Hamburghs,  and  the  two  Grapes  can  be 
grown  side  by  side.  So  far  from  being  fastidious, 
I  have  seen  fine  bunches  well  coloured  taken  from  the 
back  wall  of  a  vinery.  Exhibitors  fight  shy  of  it,  but 
it  is  quite  within  the  bounds  of  possibility  to  produce 
largish  bunches  with  as  plump  berries  as  those  of  good 
Gros  Colmar  and,  as  aforesaid,  to  deepen  the  colour 
of  the  epidermis.  The  flavour,  however,  is  the  reason 
why  all  should  grow  it.  The  raiser  declared  it  to  be 
a  hybrid  between  Muscat  of  Alexandria  and  the  Black 
Hamburgh.  The  flavouring,  as  well  as  the  colour, 
bears  out  his  statement,  the  large  fleshy  berries  being 
richly  charged  with  a  delicate  Muscat  taste  ;  in  fact, 
the  flavour  is  a  mean  between  the  flavours  of  the  two 
parents.  An  old  saying  is,  that  God  Almighty  might 
have  made  a  better  fruit  than  the  Strawberry,  but  it 
is  certain  that  He  has  never  done  so  ;  I  humbly 
submit  that  man  will  find  it  diflicult  to  get  a  better 
Savoured  Grape  than  Muscat  Champion.   C,  A.  M.  C, 

Pear  Beurre  de  l'Assomption. 
Herewith  I  send  you  fruits  of  this  Pear,  which  in 
appearance  and  fine  quality  are  of  the  first  order,  and 
could  your  readers  see  the  splendid  cordon  tree  it 
makes,  and  how  freely  it  bears  every  year,  they 
would,  I  am  sure,  also  give  it  additional  marks  of 
excellence.  I  think  it  superior  to  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien,  because  it  bears  as  well,  keeps  longer,  and 
has  not  the  musky  or  perfumed  aroma  of  that  variety, 
but  is  just  as  melting,  with  a  flavour  near  akin  to 
that  of  a  good  Marie  Louise.  In  the  new  edition  of 
his  Fruit  Manual  Dr.  Hogg  quotes  Mr.  R.  D. 
Blackmore  as  saying  in  reference  to  this  Pear,  "  It  is 
clumsy  and  ugly,  has  a  bad  habit  of  growth,  and 
worse  texture.  "  My  experience  of  it  is  of  the  very 
opposite  description  to  this.    W.   Wildsmith. 

Golden  Nodlf.  and  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling 
Apples. 
I  notice  in  the  schedule  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  that  at  their  exhibition  to  be  held  on 
the  13th  and  14th  inst.,  the  above  two  Apples  are 
classed  as  one  and  the  same  thing.  Dr.  Hogg,  in  his 
Fruit  Manual,  the  greatest  authority  we  have  on 
Apples,  describes  them  as  distinct.  I  have  Waltham 
Abbey  Seedling,  supplied  to  me  by  a  leading  nursery 
firm,  coriesponding  entirely  with  the  description  in 
the  Fruit  Manual.  Golden  Noble  I  have  many 
trees  of.  The  two  varieties  are  very  distinct,  and 
easily  distinguished  by  any  one  with  the  least  power 
of  drawing  comparisons.     If  Dr.  Hogg  in  his  Fruit 


October  3,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


437 


Manual  is  correct,  why  does  the  Horticultural 
Society  class  them  as  synonymous  ?  And  if  the  latter 
is  right,  then  Dr.  Hogg's  researches  are  all  wrong, 
and  what  is  his  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling  ?  P. 

Peach  Konigin  Olga. 
This,  one  of  the  finest  of  the  yellow-fleshed  Peaches, 
is  a  seedling  from  P.  Willermoz,  obtained  at  the 
Pomological  School  at  Reutlingen.  Herr  Rosenthal, 
of  Vienna,  says  that  it  is  an  early  variety,  cannot  be 
beaten  for  size  and  beauty,  and  must  be  considered  a 
valuable  addition  to  fruits.  It  possesses  yellow  flesh, 
somewhat  reddish  surrounding  the  stone,  which  is 
non-clinging.    Garten  Zcilun^. 


PROLIFERATION    OF    FERNS. 

(L\,„liui,.:l  /,-,;,,  f.  3,3.) 

Having  described  the  different  forms  which  pro- 
liferation in  Ferns  manifests,  and  its  methods  of 
adaptation  to  the  conditions  under  which  in  plants  of 
varied  or  diverse  habit  it   is  produced,   whereby   it 


have  Asplenia,  for  instance,  as  we  have  seen,  deve- 
loped a  largely  preponderating  share  of  this  feature 
over  other  genera  or  tribes  ?  Any  identity  of  relalio'n 
or  alliance  of  any  character,  wiih  generic  or  tribal 
distinctions  is  not  obvious,  and  the  variations  of 
physiognomy  and  constitutional  disposition  or  ten- 
dency are  generally  the  same,  in  both  proliferous  and 
non-proliferous  species.  Though  the  nature  of  the 
agencies  operating  in  some  of  their  phases  of  the 
question  is,  it  must  be  confessed,  obscure  ;  in  others 
the  conditions  of  the  environment,  which,  when  of  a 
character  favourable  to  the  result,  obviously  exercise 
potent  and  stimulating  influence,  point  to  a  probable 
and  rational  explantion  of  the  phenomenon.  Of 
these  conditions  of  the  environment  which  potently 
affect  the  rfSult,  the  chief  is  the  degree  and  con. 
stancy  of  humidity.  At  the  same  time  it  must  be 
remembered  that  we  do  not  know  enough  of  either 
the  life  history  or  the  character,  morphological  and 
constitutional,  of  each  species  to  determine  clearly  the 
questions  affecting  the  operation  of  this  influence  ; 
for  it  is  to  life  history  and  general  character  that  the 
varying  state  of  the  presence  and  degree  of  prolifera- 


FlG.    95.  — PRIMULA     FARINOSA.      (SEE    P.    436.) 


effects  success  as  a  reproductive  agency  under  each 
condition  j  and  having  also  detailed  some  of  the  more 
prominent  of  the  circumstances  that  clearly  direct 
and  define  its  distribution  through  the  family, 
let  us  now  see  if  any  light  can  be  thrown  on  the 
problems  which  occur  to  all  observers  as  to  its  origin 
and  utility.  First  in  order  is  the  question  of  its 
origin,  and  the  nature  of  the  cause,  or  causes,  which 
first  brought  it  about,  and  that  maintain  it.  Possibly  no 
direct  and  altogether  conclusive  reply  can  be  given  to 
this  or  any  of  the  subsequent  questions  that  will  arise 
for  whatever  view  the  observer  may  take,  he  recog- 
nises at  the  same  time  certain  other  facts,  varying  in 
importance,  which  tend  more  or  less  to  modify  his 
conclusions. 

It  cannot  be  said  that  a  feature  which  is  so  largely 
manifested  in  the  order  is  abnormal,  yet  it  is  not  a 
characteristic  of  the  great  majority  of  Ferns,  and 
therefore  not  of  the  most  truly  normal  state.  Is  it 
then  a  merely  adventitious  condition,  the  result  of, 
say,  constitution,  situation  of  growth,  surroundings, 
or  other  fortuitous  circumstances  of  plant  exist, 
ence?  If  so,  why  does  it  appear  in  one  species 
and  not  in  another,  which  are  growing  side  by  side, 
and  which  often  are  closely  allied,  or  more  in  one 
natural  assemblage  of  species  than  in  another  ?    Why 


tion  in  plants  connected  by|conditions  common  to  all 
or  by  family  affinity,  must  be  ascribed.  It  is  now 
generally  admitted  that  the  species  which  inhabit  the 
earth  at  present  are  not  all  of  equal  antiquity,  that 
though  the  majority  may  perhaps  be  in  varying  de- 
gree very  remote  in  birth,  the  origin  of  many  is  rela- 
tively recent,  while  some  are  comparatively  modern. 
Of  this  modern  origin  we  are,  or  may  if  we  choose, 
be  ourselves  witnesses,  for  in  field,  forest,  and  by  way- 
side there  is  the  evidence,  open  to  all  who  observe 
and  compare,  and  in  some  cases  it  is  so  obtrusive  as 
to  be  recognised  by  the  least  observant  or  enquiring. 
What  we  call  forms,  varieties,  and  subspecies,  are 
arbitrarily  determined  points  in  the  slow  progress 
from  one  state  to  another.  In  other  cases,  instead  of 
this  very  gradual  process  of  change  or  modification  of 
form  and  general  character,  extending  over  several  or 
many  generations,  the  same  result  is  effected  abruptly 
by  generation  at  birth,  and  thus  unobserved.  For- 
tuitous circumstances  throw  distantly  related  species 
together,  when  occasionally  a  nuptial  alliance  occurs, 
and  the  relationship  is  proved  by  a  new  species 
resulting  from  the  union.  Such,  when  we  are  the 
authors  of,  or  know  their  history,  we  designate  hybrids, 
and  refuse  specific  rank  to,  but  doubtless  they  some- 
times oiigiaate  spontaneously  in  Nature,  and   take 


their  rank  unsuspected  and  unquestioned  by  us. 
Therefore,  in  accepting  the  apparent  proof  that  pro- 
liferation is  indirectly  due  to  atmospheric  moisture, 
the  difficulty  encountered  of  two  species  alike  in 
character  and  in  their  physical  surroundings,  in  which 
the  feature  is  manifest  in  one  case  and  not  in  the 
other,  may  be  with  some  probability  explained  by  a 
possible  difference  in  their  age.  which  has  allowed  its 
development  in  the  one  and  not  in  the  other,  because 
of  the  shorter  period  of  time  which  has  elapsed.  But 
the  period  of  origin  is  not  the  only  question  that  might 
attect  the  issue.  Changeof  physical  surroundings  would 
be  equally  po;ent,  providing  they  were  complete  and 
durable  as  regards  their  influence  on  any  particular 
species.  Of  this  I  shall  describe  a  case  presently 
where,  probably  from  physical  change  over  a  large 
area,  all  the  members  of  a  single  species  occupying 
that  area  have  become  proliferous,  while  those  beyond 
it  remain  still  normal. 

Of  the  other  conditions  to  which  I  have  alluded 
that  also  in  some  important  degree  affect  the  issue,  we 
have  indeed  indications,  but  their  nature  and  mode 
of  operating  are,  as  I  have  before  said  very  obscure. 
We  recognise,  for  instance,  from  observation  that  plants 
which  are  remembered  by  certain  features  in  habit 
of  growth,  structure,  substance,  physiognomy,  &c.,  do 
not  manifest  proliferation,  while  plants  with  certain 
other  features  do,so  ;  and  we  conclude  that  there  is  a 
potent  though  hidden  connection  between  these 
respective  features  and  the  absence  or  presence  ol  the 
proliferate  tendency.  We  observe  also,  as  I  have 
before  described,  that  there  is  apparently  a  similar 
intimate  connection  between  the  possession  and  its 
possible  utility  to  a  species,  for  when  the  conditions 
of  life  and  circumstances  are  such  that  it  could 
obviously  serve  no  useful  purpose  as  a  reproductive 
agency,  as  in  the  epiphytal  division,  it  is  not  present. 
Should  any  reader  feel  disposed  to  protest  I  will  at 
once  relieve -him  by  saying  that  I  have  no  desire  to 
press  unduly  this  debatable  point  of  a  case  of  perfect 
adaptation  to  end  or  object,  which,  though  it  looks 
so  exceedingly  plausible,  is  perhaps  more  apparent 
than  real,  and  is  possibly  due  to  other  circumstances, 
among  which  not  the  least  may  be  the  greatly  reduced 
degree  and  influence  of  atmospheric  moisture  in 
positions  more  or  less  distant  from  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  There  is  the  fact,  however,  that,  whatever 
be  the  reason,  it  does  not  occur,  and  that  if  it  did 
occur  the  circumstances  of  growth  are  such  that  it 
would  be  absolutely  wasted  energy.  But  what  I  have 
said  now  is  nearly  all  we  know  of  the  more  subtle  and 
complex  agencies  which,  pertaining  to  individuals  or 
to  communities,  either  associated  by  race  or  by  con- 
ditions ol  life,  affect  the  issue  of  this  question. 
These  remarks  apply  chiefly  to  the  first  origin  of  pro- 
liferation and  the  agencies  under  which  it  came  into 
existence  in  any  particular  instance.  When  once 
established,  of  course  it  was  transmitted  from  one 
generation  to  another,  and  maintained,  as  other  pos- 
sessions are,  by  hereditary  transmission. 

With  regard  now  to  the  influence  exercised  by 
humidity  as  an  agency  in  producing  and  maintaining 
proliferation.  Unquestionably  proliferation  is  greatly 
fostered  by  the  presence,  and  is  in  evident  relation  to 
the  degree,  of  moisture,  for  where  this  condition  most 
prevails  in  the  natural  habitats  of  Ferns  there,  in  the 
species  possessing  those  characters  which  it  alone 
accompanies,  it  is  most  frequent  and  presents  its 
freest  development.  It  is  more  common  in  wet  than  in 
dry  situations,  and  as  affecting  the  degree  of  humidity, 
under  forest  shade  than  in  full  exposure  to  sun,  in  close 
dells  and  ravines  than  on  more  airy  and  exposed 
ground,  near  streams  and  brooks  th.in  beyond  their 
influence,  on  the  ground,  than  aloft  on  rocks  and  trees, 
at  high  altitudes  than  low  ;  and,  lastly,  more  frequent' 
on  islands  than  on  continents  with  equal  range  of 
elevation ;  though  in  all  these  cases  the  result  is 
qualified  by  the  other  circumstances  to  which  I  have 
just  now  alluded. 

Taking  the  dift'erent  forms  of  proliferation,  how- 
ever, humidity  is  not  necessary  in  the  same  degree, 
nor  with  the  same  constancy  and  uniformity  of  opera- 
tion to  all.  That  form  of  bud-proliferation  which  I 
have  characterised  as  aerial  is  most  dependent  on  its 
constancy  and  abundance.  Nearly  all  the  instances 
of  this,  and  especially  such  as  display  the  character 
most  conspicuously,  occur  in  deep  forests  or  near 
streams,  chiefly  but  not  exclusively  in  cool  mountain 
regions,  where  mists  are  constant  and  the  vapours 
ascending  from  the  warmer  lower  regions  are  con- 
densed, saturating  all  vegetation  with  moisture.  The 
radicant  and    also   the    few  tuberous   species  often 


438 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1S85. 


inhabit  mure  exposed  places,  where,  of  course,  the 
agency  is  less  potent  and  uniform  under  the  greater 
power  of  evaporation  there  exercised  by  sun  and  air  ; 
but  these  classes,  too,  are  mostly  confined  to  the  same 
generally  moist  regions.  A  further  proof  of  the 
influence  is  alTorded  by  the  relatively  meagre  develop- 
ment of  the  feature  in  the  same  species  when  they 
happen  to  occupy  a  comparatively  or  unusually  dry 
situation. 

The  feature  in  such  situations  does  not  disappear 
entirely ;  it  would  take  probably  many  genera- 
tions to  return  to  a  non-proliferous  state  again, 
but  the  tendency  to  prolilerate  is  greatly  diminished, 
and  the  development  retarded  under  the  less  con- 
genial conditions.  Again,  it  might  be  expected,  if 
this  hypothesis  be  correct,  that,  all  other  conditions 
being  equal,  an  insular  flora  would  be  more  (reely 
and  abundantly  proliferous  than  a  continental  one  ; 
and  this  appears  to  be  the  case,  but  the  evidence  I 
can  adduce  on  this  aspect  of  the  subject  is,  from  the 
nature  of  the  circumstances,  very  limited.  Of  the 
two  floras  which  I  am  sufficiently  acquainted  with  to 
express  a  reliable  opiiiion  one  is  insular  and  the 
other  continental.  In  both  latitude,  topography, 
character  of  vegetation,  &c. ,  make  them  favour- 
able cases  for  comparison.  In  the  insular  flora  the 
number  of  proliferous  species  is  quite  two-thirds 
greater  than  that  in  the  continental  in  relation  to 
the  total  number  of  species  in  each.  The  preponder- 
ance is  still  greater  in  the  much  fuller  development 
and  increased  number  of  the  individuals  affected  in 
the  insular  case.  Of  course  one  instance  of  com- 
parison such  as  this  cannot  be  accepted  as  proof  of 
it  being  a  general  rule,  but  the  partial  knowledge  I 
possess  of  other  floras  leads  me  to  believe  it  probable 
that  were  these  as  well  known  they  would  support  the 
instance  I  have  cited.  One  can  only  be  a  judge  of 
the  extent  of  proliferation  in  a  flora  by  a  thorough 
personal  acquaintance  in  their  native  habitats  with 
the  whole  of  the  species  of  that  flora,  for  botanical 
specimens  very  imperfectly  exhibit  the  extent  of  the 
feature  in  the  wild  plants,  and  cultivated  collections 
are  so  partial  as  to  be  even  less  reliable  for  the  pur- 
pose of  forming  a  correct  opinion  of  the  entire  flora, 
The  prevalence  of  this  feature  or  the  relation  to  area, 
elevation,  or  physical  conditions,  can  only  be  judged 
by  observation  on  the  ground. 

So  far  I  have  dealt  with  general  considerations 
alone.  I  will  now  describe  a  specific  instance,  to 
which  I  have  before  alluded  as  possibly  the  result  of 
some  physical  or  topographical  change  in  the  region 
where  it  occurs.  This  case  is,  perhaps,  more  clearly 
in  the  line  of  proof  and  convincing  of  the  close  rela- 
tionship existing  between  proliferation  in  Ferns  and 
abundant  atmospheric  humidity.  It  derives  its  great 
significance  from  the  fact  that  it  is  a  case  of  vari- 
ation of  feature  in  the  same  species,  the  variation 
accompanying  clearly  defined  topographical  limits, 
to  which  are  due  the  essential  atmospheric  conditions 
in  this  instance  which  I  have  already  described  as  an 
indispensable  necessary  in  any  case  of  proliferation. 
Though  illustrated  on  a  scale  of  great  magnitude  and 
extreme  and  unusual  definiteness,  the  case  is  a  rare 
one,  but  is  not  absolutely  singular,  for  I  remember 
another,  though  less  prominent  and  important,  yet, 
too,  within  its  smaller  limits  as  strictly  and  empha- 
tically supporting  this  theory.  This  is  an  instance  of 
a  species  with  a  wide  vertical  range  that  is  proliferous 
at  high  elevations  and  non-proliferous  at  low,  the 
atmosphere  of  the  former  being  generally,  as  I  have 
shown,  more  copiously  and  constantly  humid  than 
that  of  the  latter,  except  under  special  limited  con- 
ditions. 

The  chief  instance,  however,  to  which  from  this 
digression  I  return,  is  atTorded  by  the  Guianas, 
extending  thence,  if  one  may  judge  by  a  couple  of 
specimens  among  the  large  set  of  this  species  in  the 
Kew  herbarium,  to  Panama  and  Mexico.  There  {in 
(iuiana)  the  common  large-leaved  Shield  Fern,  Aspi- 
dium  niacrophyllum,  Sw.,  presents  two  distinct  states 
— a  terrestrial  and  aquatic.  The  former  is  strictly 
confined  to  dry  well  drained  ground  in  forests  and 
half-open  places,  such  indeed  as  it  usually  occupies 
over  its  very  wide  American  range,  while  the  latter  is 
as  strictly  confined  to  the  banks  of  rivers  in  the 
alluvial  region  of  the  country,  where  it  grows  on  the 
banks  and  stumps  of  trees,  and  on  branches  that  dip 
into  the  water.  This  latter  is  one  of  the  most  pro- 
lificly  proliferous  of  all  proliferous  Ferns.  Vet  these 
plants  are  simply  two  forms  of  a  very  slightly  varying 
widely  difl^used  species,  which  are  so  generally 
identical,    botanically,    that  if  the  young   plants    be 


removed  from  the  surface  of  the  one  where  they  pre- 
sent such  a  striking  and  comical  feature  in  growth, 
there  remains  no  difference  in  aspect  or  feature  to 
distinguish  one  from  the  other. 

I  have  discussed  elsewhere''  how  possibly  this 
aquatic  form  originated,  and  how  its  characteristic 
feature  was  in  the  course  of  time  produced,  and  what 
purpose  in  the  life-history  and  economy  of  the  plant 
it  may  have  served,  all  of  which  I  will  not  repeat 
here.  There  can,  however,  be  little,  if  any,  doubt  that 
the  terrestrial  Fern,  wh'ch  is  nearly  universal  in  eastern 
and  central  tropical  and  extra-tropical  South  Americi 
is  the  older  form,  and  that  the  proliferous  slate  is 
a  branch  from  it  which  has  originated  under  condi- 
tions which  aflected  only  the  limited  area  to  which 
this  state  is  confined.  As  illustrating  the  agency 
and  fostering  influence  of  humidity  on  prolifera- 
tion, I  think  this  species,  with  its  proliferous  and 
non-proliferous  states,  must  be  regarded  as  an  im- 
portant confirmative  instance.  Here  are  two  plants 
of  an  absolutely  identical  type,  but  growing  under 
more  or  less  opposite  physical  conditions.  In  that 
subject  constantly  to  exceptionally  abundant  moisture 
proliferation  has  reached  an  extraordinary  develop- 
ment ;  in  the  other,  under  reverse  conditions,  or  con- 
ditions in  which  the  influence  is  much  less,  no  trace 
of  it  is  found. 

The  inference  that  humidity  is  the  chief  agency 
of  those  we  are  conversant  with  in  bringing  about 
and  maintaining  this  feature  in  the  section  of 
Ferns  which  from  other  circumstances  are  open  or 
disposed  to  exhibit  it,  may  from  this  case  and  the 
other  evidence  I  have  adduced  be  accepted  as  reason- 
able conclusions.  It  is  only  apparently  in  certain 
plants  and  under  certain  circumstances  which  pertain 
specially  to  these  plants  that  proliferation  is  possible, 
but  though  the  plants  and  these  other  circumstances 
be  altogether  most  favourable  for  the  result,  without 
an  abundant  and  more  or  less  uniformly  constant 
degree  of  atmospheric  humidity  it  never  appears, 
G.  S.  Jcnman. 


SELECTING    AND    PLANTING 
FRUIT   TREES. 

FkUiT  trees,  or  rather  the  sorts,  sadly  need  weed- 
ing out,  as  there  are  many  in  the  lists  that  are  not 
worth  growing  ;  and  instead  of  planting  so  many 
varieties,  as  some  do,  merely  for  the  purpose  of  having 
a  collection,  it  would  be  far  better  to  increase  the 
numbers  of  the  most  valuable  kinds,  as  the  fruit 
would  be  satisfactory,  and  disappointment  and  vexa- 
tion avoided  when  the  trees  came  into  bearing.  In 
making  a  selection  the  right  thing  is  to  pick  out,  not 
only  those  of  superior  quality,  but  such  as  by  ripening 
one  after  the  other  afford  a  long  and  continuous  succes- 
sion ;  and  as  I  have  just  had  this  to  do  for  a  gentle- 
man who  is  furnishing  a  new  garden,  I  repeat  the  list 
here,  thinking  it  may  beof  use  to  others  engaged  in 
the  same  kind  of  work  :  — 

Sorts. 

^///«.— Taking  these  first,  and  in  the  order  of 
their  ripening,  those  I  recommend  for  culinary  pur- 
poses are.  Lord  Sufifield,  Keswick  Codlin,  Stirling 
Castle,  Cellini,  Cox's  Pomona,  Waliham  Abbey 
Seedling,  Lord  Derby,  Ecklinville  Seedling,  Mere  de 
Mi-'nage,  Bedfordshire  Foundling,  Blenheim  Pippin, 
Alfriston,  Warner's  King,  Dumelow's  Seedlmg, 
Sturm' r  Pippin.  Dessert  kinds  :  Kerry  Pippin, 
Welford  Park,  King  of  the  Pippins,  Ribston  Pippin, 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Fearn's  Pippin,  Court  Pendu- 
plat. 

Afrifols. — Ilemskirk,  Moor  Park. 

C/;.-/-;7«.  — Culinary  :  May  Duke,  Morello.  Des- 
sert :  Governor  Wood,  Frogmore  Bigarreau,  Black 
Eagle  Bigarreau,  Flton,  Black  Tartarian. 

Cwrra/j/i.— Black  :  Naples,  Lee's  Prolific.  Red  : 
Red  Dutch,  Victoria,  Wilmot's.  White :  Wilmot's 
Grape,  Dutch. 

Figs. — Brown  Turkey. 

Gooseberries.  —  Green  ;  Glanton  Green,  Gretna 
Green,  Pitmaston  Green  Gage,  Walnut.  Red  : 
Champagne,  Crown  Bob,  Forester,  Ironmonger, 
Rifleman,  Wonderful,  Warrington,     White  :    White- 


See  riiitehri  for  i 


smith.  Antagonist,  Bright  Venus.  Vcllow  :  Cham- 
pagne, Criterion. 

Grapes.  —  For  early  vinery  ;  Black  Hamburgh 
Madresfield  Court,  Foster's  Seedling,  Muscat  of  Alex, 
andria,  Buckland  Sweetwater.  La'e  vinery  :  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  White  Tokay,  Gros  Maroc,  Lady 
Downe's,  Alicante. 

Nectarines.  —  Lord  Napier,  EIruge,  Hardwicke 
Seedling,  Humboldt  Pine-apple,  Rivers'  Orange. ' 

Peaches.  —  Alexander,  Alexandra  Noblesse,  Dr. 
Hogg,  Royal  George,  Bellegarde,  Stirling  Castle, 
Grosse  Mignonne,  Sea  Eagle,  Barrington,  Walburton 
Admirable. 

Fears. — Jargonelle,  Beurre  Giffard,  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien,  Beurre  Superfin,  Brown  Beurre,  Comptc  de 
Lamy,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Marie  Louise,  Doyenne 
du  Cornice,  General  Todtleben,  Glou  Mot^jau, 
Winter  Nelis,  Bergamot  Esperen,  Josephine  de  Ma- 
lines,  Knight's  Monarch,  Beurre  Ranee,  B.  Clairgeau. 

Flttms. — Culinary  :  Prince  Englebert,  Pond's  Seed- 
ling, Victoria.  Early  and  late  :  Washington,  Fellem- 
berg,  Orleans.  Dessert  ;  Green  Gage  and  Bryan- 
stone  <  iage.  Kirk's,  Jefferson,  Reine  Claude  de  Bavay, 
Coe's  Golden  Drop. 

Raspberries.  —  Fastolf,  White  Antwerp,  Baum- 
forth's  Seedling,  Merveille  de  Quatre  Saison. 

The  above  list  comprises  the  cream,  and  though 
there  may  be  others  as  good,  there  are  few,  if  any, 
better  among  the  whole  lot. 

Now  as  to  planting.  The  sooner  this  operation  is 
carried  out  the  better  ;  for  the  earlier  the  trees  get 
planted  after  the  shedding  of  the  leaves  the  greater 
chance  do  they  stand  of  becoming  established  and 
breaking  strongly  in  the  spring. 

Pkei'Aring  I'Or  the  Plants. 
As  it  is  essential  for  their  welfare  that  the  plants 
should  not  be  kept  long  out  of  the  ground,  preparation 
should  be  made  for  their  planting,  that  all  may  be  in 
readiness  when  they  arrive,  the  first  thing  to  be 
thought  of  being  fresh  soil  ;  for,  though  fruit  trees 
may  do  very  well  in  the  natural  earth  in  some  gar- 
dens, a  little  new  loam  is  a  great  help  in  giving  them 
a  good  start  at  the  first.  Whit  suits  most  of  them 
best  is  the  top  spit  from  some  old  pasture,  as  turfy 
sods  cut  there,  or  from  the  roadside  where  there  are 
waste  spots,  are  fuU  of  fibre,  and  this,  as  it  decom- 
poses, is  most  agreeable  food  for  the  roots,  which 
revel  in  it,  and  search  the  slulT  through  and  through, 
assimilating  all  they  can  find. 

Planting  the  Trees. 

Many  planters,  and  especially  young  beginners, 
have  a  way  of  digging  holes  only  just  large  enough  to 
take  the  trees,  instead  of  which  they  should  have 
plenty  of  room  for  the  roots  to  be  spread  well  out, 
and  the  deeper  and  wider  the  ground  is  broken  up 
the  more  freedom  will  they  have  to  ramify,  and  the 
better  will  it  be  for  the  plants. 

If  fresh  soil  is  provided,  and  there  is  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  it,  a  sort  of  raised  mound  should  be  formed 
in  each  hole  for  standing  the  trees  on,  and  as  soon  as 
these  are  placed  in  position,  at  the  right  height,  and 
the  roots  regulated  and  laid  in  their  proper  position, 
they  may  at  once  be  covered  with  the  same  kind  of 
material,  the  next  thing  being  to  give  a  heavy  water- 
ing to  settle  it  about  them,  and  prevent  the  bark 
shrinking. 

As  soon  as  the  planting  is  complete  the  ground  im- 
mediately round  the  trees  ought  to  be  mulched  with 
some  half-rotten  littery  dung,  which  is  not  only  neces- 
sary to  keep  out  frost  during  the  winter,  but  to  con- 
serve the  heat  and  moisture,  and  maintain  the  soil  in 
a  uniform  condition  till  fresh  roots  are  formed. 

Staking  and  Tying. 
The  supporting  of  newly-planted  trees  is  a  very 
important  matter,  as  wind-waviog,  or  any  motion  of 
their  heads,  is  most  injurious  ;  for  though  they  may 
oscillate  only  in  a  small  degree  the  strain  and  move- . 
ment  below  is  great,  the  leverage  causing  a  wrenching 
of  the  roots  from  one  direction,  and  a  pushing  or 
doubling  up  in  another,  while  the  friction  or  chafing 
they  undergo  rubs  ot^' any  young  fibres  emitted.  This 
being  so,  the  trees  or  bushes  should  be  staked  and 
tied  securely  directly  they  are  planted,  and  those  placed 
against  a  wall  fastened  in  their  position  ;  but  in  doing 
this  allowance  must  be  made  for  any  sinking,  or  the 
plants  will  be  hung  up  by  their  branches. 

Cutting  Back  the  Heads. 
Cutting  back  the  heads  of  young  fruit  trees  is  one 


October  3,  1S85  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


439 


of  the  most  injurious  practices  ever  committed, 
and  cannot  be  too  strongly  condemned,  as  it  serves 
no  useful  purpose  whatever,  on  the  contrary,  it 
greatly  retards  the  progress  of  the  plant  ;  without 
the  heading  in,  any  healthy  tree,  newly  transplanted, 
will  fill  its  allotted  space,  on  wall  or  trellis,  or  be- 
come large  and  established,  in  a  quarter  the  time  it 
will  after  the  head  is  lopped  off.  Instead  of  the  hard 
pruning,  then,  to  which  they  are  usually  subjected, 
they  should  have  their  branches  laid  in,  or  left  of  their 
full  length,  except  in  cases  where  they  are  too  crowded 
or  misplaced  for  training,  when  they  may  be  taken 
out  to  give  proper  room  to  the  others.  By  adopting 
this  course,  and  disbudding  at  the  proper  time,  so  as 
to  leave  the  young  shoots  in  the  right  place,  it  is 
astonishing  what  rapid  strides  a  young  tree  will  make 
in  a  couple  of  years  ;  as,  while  making  top  growth 
and  leaves,  the  roots  are  extending  in  a  correspond- 
ing ratio  to  the  heads,  and  the  trees  quickly  become 
strong  and  fruitful,  y.  S. 


j-(0ME     jIloRREgPONDENCE. 


National  Pear  Conference.  —  I  quite  agree  with 
your  coiiespondent  "  II.  C."  in  saying  that  something 
more  should  be  expected  from  the  forthcoming  Con- 
ference on  Pears  than  a  printed  catalogue,  as  was 
issued  as  the  result  of  the  Apple  Congress  in  1S83. 
I  was  very  disappointed  over  that  matter,  as  the 
thousands  of  young  gardeners  who  from  a  variety  of 
causes  could  not  attend  at  Chiswick,  reaped  no  prac- 
tical advantage  from  it  whatever  ;  and  this  I  take  it 
should  be  one  of  the  chief  objects  of  such  meetings. 
My  proposition  accords  with  that  of  your  correspon- 
dent. The  book  should  be  issued  in  say  twenty  parts 
at  u.  each,  or  bound  complete  at  about  one  guinen, 
and  it  should  have  copious  coloured  plates.  This 
would  bring  it  within  the  reach  of  all,  and  the  gather- 
ing would  confer  a  lasting  benefit  upon  all  grades  of 
the  profession.  If  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
cannot  see  its  way  clear  to  do  this,  surely  there  is  some 
enterprising  firm  who  would  do  so,  and  with  advantage 
to  itself.  The  fact  that  the  committee  desire 
exhibitors  to  procure  any  varieties  of  Pears  from  their 
districts,  which  may  not  necessarily  be  grown  by 
themselves,  should  render  the  Conference  all  the  more 
representative  ;  and  it  would  be  a  pity,  nay  a  disgrace, 
if  results  were  not  obtained  commensurate  with  the 
extent  of  the  exhibition.  I  may  mention  that  I  have 
already  had  several  collections  placed  at  my  disposal 
in  this  district,  and  I  hope  to  hear  that  the  same  kindly 
feeling  and  interest  is  being  taken  in  other  parts  of 
the  country.  IV.  G.  Pragncil,  The  Gardens,  S/ier- 
borne  Castle,  Dorset. 

Fertilisation  of  Arum  crinitum. — With  re- 
ference to  my  previous  notes  regarding  the  above, 
I  may  add  that,  having  noticed  during  the  past 
season  the  part  in  which  this  Arum  entraps  insects,  I 
felt  curious  to  find  out  if  possible  something  regarding 
its  secret  histoy,  but  more  particularly  why  insects 
are  entrapped,  for  although  the  spathe  remains  open 
but  for  two  days,  it  is  truly  surprising  the  number  of 
flies  that  are  lured  into  the  cup-shaped  prison  at  the 
base  of  the  spathe,  and  from  which  they  can  never 
return.  The  position  of  the  spathe  when  fully 
developed  is  oval-shaped,  with  the  sides  slightly  in- 
curved, the  lower  poition  being  involute,  orformed  into 
a  sort  of  cup,  the  entrance  to  which  is  much  contracted 
and  almost  filled  up  by  the  spadix.  Outside  the  spathe 
is  beautifully  marbled,  while  the  interior  is  of  a  flesh- 
colour,  and  thickly  beset  with  fine  silky  hairs,  which 
are  incurved  or  bent  towards  the  basal  portion  of 
the  spathe,  apparently  as  if  to  offer  the  least  possible 
resistance  to  the  ingress  of  insects.  When  open  the 
plant  emits  a  strong  smell  of  carrion  so  powerful  that 
it  may  be  distinctly  perceived  at  nearly  two  yards 
distance.  This  ofTensive  odour  is  highly  attractive  to 
insects,  especially  flies,  which  alight  on  the  broad 
distal  portion  of  the  spathe  and  creep  along  to  the 
narrow  entrance,  and  down  into  the  cup-shaped  base, 
and  from  which,  owing  to  the  incurved  hairs,  they  can 
never  escape.  At  mid-day,  on  lune  29  last,  I 
counted  ten  flies  enter  this  Arum  in  five  minutes,  and 
seldom  were  there  a  less  number  than  seven  flies  on 
the  distal  portion  of  the  spathe  at  the  same  time. 


On  dissecting  one  of  the  flowers,  after  being  open  for 
two  days,  I  counted  no  less  than  thirty-six  large 
flies  and  several  smaller  one?,  dead,  within  the  cup- 
shaped  base.  What  surprised  me  most,  however, 
was,  that  the  flies  had  produced  their  offspring 
there,  for  numbers  of  the  grub  were  creeping 
about  within  the  prison,  but  all  that  time  they 
were  of  too  small  a  size  to  tffect  an  escape. 
The  powerful  odour  of  putrid  meat  given  off  by 
the  plant  has  a  purpose  of  its  own  by  enticing  and 
deceiving  flies  to  enter  the  basal  or  convolute  part, 
and  where,  after  finding  escjpe  an  impossibility,  their 
ova  are  deposited  aiujngst  the  hairs  at  and  around 
the  base  of  the  spadix,  where  they  soon  hatch,  and 
the  young  maggots  in  wriggling  about  bring  the  pollen 
in  contact  #viih  the  stigma,  thus  playing  an  important 
part  in  the  economy  of  the  flower.  I  at  first  wondered 
why  the  flies,  instead  of  their  progeny,  did  not  fertilise 
the  flower  as  I  concluded  they  most  naturally  would 
do  when  buzzing  about  trying  to  effect  an  escape. 
But  this  is  now  quite  plain,  as  I  found  that  the  pollen 
was  then  not  in  a  fit  state  for  applying  to  the  stigma, 
and  would  not  be  until  some  time  after  the  spathe  had 
shrivelled  up  and  the  insects  within  were  dead.  By 
the  time,  however,  that  the  oflVpring  of  the  flies  are 
able  to  move  about  both  pollen  and  stigma  are  in  a 
proper  condition  for  fertilisation  to  take  place.  A.  D. 
IVebster, 

Rose  W.  F.  Bennett. — We  send  you  two  flowers 
of  W.  F.  Bennett  Rose,  which,  as  we  presume  you 
are  aware,  was  sent  out  through  Messrs.  W ,  Paul  &; 
Son,  of  Wal'.hara  Cross,  as  agent  for  Mr.  Kvans, 
of  Philadelphia.  John  Cowan.  [The  blooms  sent 
were  pretty  in  bud,  but  were  semi-double,  but  we 
should  like  to  see  many  more  flowers,  grown  under 
varied  conditions  of  climate,  soil  and  culture,  before 
venturing  to  pronounce  any  decided  opinion  on  it.  Ed  ] 

Fruiting  Pines  in  Small  Pots,  fie,  at  Dal- 
keith.— In  looking  through  the  extensive  and  well- 
kept  gardens  at  Dalkeith  Palace,  near  Edinburgh, 
early  in  September,  I  was  as  much  surprised  as  pleased 
to  see  two  or  three  houses  full  of  fruiting  Pines  in 
Sinch  pots.  The  plants,  which  were  within  a  few 
inches  of  the  glass,  were  very  dwarf  and  sturdy,  and 
were  each  swelling  and  ripening  fine  well  developed 
fruit,  averaging  about  6  lb.,  though  many  of  them 
would  probably  turn  the  scale  at  S  lb. — a  fact  which 
proves  conclusively  enough  that  the  majority  uf  Pines 
are  grown  in  unnecessarily  large  pots,  inasmuch  as 
the  fruits  which  Mr.  M.  Dunn,  the  courteous  and 
much  esteemed  gardener-in-chief  at  Dalkeith,  secures 
from  his  plants  grown  in  the  size  pots  indicated  above 
are  everything  that  could  be  desired.  It  goes  without 
saying  that  plants  grown  in  Sinch  pots  must  be  well 
grown  and  liberally  treated  from  start  to  finish,  and  that 
in  order  to  swell  such  finely  developed  fruits  as  those 
mentioned  liberal  and  frequent  supplies  of  some 
powerful  fertiliser  must  be  given  at  the  roots  in  a 
liquid  state.  Perhaps  Mr.  Dunn  would  kindly  supply 
the  readers  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle  with  infor- 
mation on  this  point,  and  also  say  if  the  plants  are 
grown  entirely  in  loam,  as  they  appear  to  be,  as  by 
so  doing  I  am  sure  he  would  confer  a  benefit  on 
many  Pine  growers,  including  the  writer.  I  need 
scarcely  say  that  Grapes  and  other  choice  fruits,  as 
well  as  plants,  are  also  well  grown  at  Dalkeith,  and 
that  in  one  and  every  department  there  is  ample 
evidence  of  presiding  skill  and  good  management^ 
good  cultivation,  cleanliness,  and  neatness  being 
observed  everywhere  within  the  precincts  of  thegardens 
and  ground?.  In  front  of  the  principal  range  of 
vineries  is  a  good  batch  of  Strawberries  in 
pots  for  forcing  purposes,  and  which  promise 
to  give  a  good  account  of  themselves  in  due  time. 
The  flower-beds  on  the  beautiful  lawn  in  front  of  Mr. 
Dunn's  house  were  quite  gay  with  a  variety  of 
flowering  plants,  which,  the  colours  being  judiciously 
arranged,  were  very  effective.  From  this  flower 
garden,  which,  I  may  say  in  passing,  is  as  large 
as  that  in  front  of  many  a  country  mansion,  steps 
descend  to  the  principal  broad  walks,  through 
kitchen  gardens,  &c.,  the  borders  on  either  side  of 
which  were  enlivened  with  flowering  plants,  whilst 
Dahlias,  &c.,  in  a  square  of  ground  east  of  Mr. 
Dunn's  house,  made  a  grand  display.  The  crops  in 
the  kitchen  garden  are  in  fine  condition,  a  long 
border  in  front  of  a  south  wall  being  well  stocked 
with  sturdy  young  plants  of  Lettuce  for  lifting  with 
the  soil  adhering  to  the  roots  and  transplanting  into 
cold  pits  on  the  approach  of  frost.     In  front  of  this 


border,  on  a  piece  of  ground  sloping  well  to  the  south 
and  east,  I  think,  are  growing  a  most  promising  lot 
of  young  pyramidally-trained  Apple  trees  of  the 
most  approved  varieties,  which  are,  like  the  larger 
trees  in  another  quarter  of  the  garden  close  by,  bear- 
ing heavy  crops  of  clean,  kindly-looking  fruits. 
Altogether  there  is  quite  a  large  but  select  collection 
of  Apples  grown  at  Dalkeith,  and  Mr.  Dunn  is  quite 
familiar  with  the  names  and  qualities  of  the  individual 
varieties,  as  the  remarks  which  he  made  in  passing 
through  this  department  afforded  ample  proof,  if 
proof  were  necessary.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle. 

"  Hortus  Floridus."  —  The  copy  of  Ilortus 
Floridiis,  reviewed  on  September  12,  does  not  belong 
to  Mr.  Ilarlland,  and  never  did — it  belongs  to  me, 
and  it  has  been  in  my  family  lor  several  generations,  but 
I  lent  it  to  Mr.  Ilarlland,  as  he  was  anxious  to  look 
over  it.  I  am  happy  to  find  by  Mr.  Krelage's 
extremely  interesting  communication  in  the  issue  o 
September  26,  that  my  Hortus  Floridus  has  only  a 
very  few  plates  wanting,  and  that  it  is  the  rarest  of 
the  editions  of  this  excessively  rare  book.  Truly  this 
old  volume  is  an  eloquent  lecture  on  the  wonders  which 
the  persevering  care  of  plants  can  accomplish  ;  for  in- 
stance, the  eyeless  yellow  and  purple  garden  Pansy  of 
1614  is  just  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
Cecil  C.  IVoods,  Chiphe,  Blackrock,  Cork,  Sei>L  28. 
[Our  valued  correspondent,  Mr,  F.  W.  Burbidge,  in 
reviewing  the  book,  omitted  to  mention,  quite  unin- 
tentionally doubtless,  that  the  book  was  not  Mr.  B. 
Ilarlland's  property,  but  that  of  our  correspondent. 
Ed] 

My  copy  of  the  Hortus  Floridus,  mentioned 

on  September  12,  has  bound  up  with  it  the  work 
mentioned  on  September  19,  and  the  number  of 
plates  of  fruits  and  flowers  in  both  is  167.  I  should 
be  extremely  glad  to  know  how  many  plates  of  fruits 
and   floA'ers  the  added   work  should  have.    Cecil  C, 

Woods. 

Early  and  Late  Outdoor  Chrysanthemums 
for  Cutting. — I  grow  more  than  a  thousand  of  these, 
planted  as  far  as  I  can  against  south  walls,  more  for 
the  purpose  of  obliging  my  neighbours,  for  wreaths, 
bouquets,  &c.,  than  for  any  use  I  have  for  them  my- 
self. I  have  lately  been  through  much  of  Ireland, 
and  cannot  help  regretting  how  limited  the  outdoor 
cultureof  Chrysanthemums  is ;  while  every  owner  of  a 
greenhouse  feels  bound  to  have  them  indoors,  but  they 
are  very  rarely  used  as  cut  bloom.  Lovers  of  flowers, 
especially  in  towns,  thus  deprive  themselves  of  a  great 
floral  treat,  when  they  cannot  be  had  elsewhere. 
Splendid  blooms  can  be  grown  against  a  south  wall. 
One  of  our  largest  and  most  successful  growers  was 
surprised  at  the  promising  werlth  of  bloom  I  showed 
him  yesterday,  much  finer  and  earlier  than  those 
I  have  in  pots.    IV.  y.  Murphy,  Clonmel. 

Country  Grovirers  and  Town  Salesmen.— 
I'nder  the  above  heading  appeared  in  your  last  issue 
a  complaint  from  (I  suppose)  a  country  private  grower 
of  the  treatment  he  received  from  a  firm  of  Covent 
Garden  salesmen  after  consigning  to  them  a  number 
of  Artichokes.  I  consider  this  to  be  on  a  par  with 
many  similar  complaints  I  have  read  in  your  paper.  I 
can  quite  believe  that  the  Artichokes  were  not  sold, 
but  left  among  the  refuse  of  the  market,  seeing  that 
the  growers  of  that  vegetable,  who  are  comparatively 
few  in  number,  and  have,  as  may  be  supposed,  a 
better  chance  of  selling — for  they  have  a  regular  supply 
right  through  the  season — have  this  year  wasted  hun- 
dreds of  dozens  after  taking  them  to  market,  and 
greatquantities  were  wasted  at  home.  Nowas  to  prices. 
I  can  safely  say  that  good  Artichokes  have  not  averaged 
\s.  per  dozen  through  this  season  for  those  that  were 
sold,  and  after  the  limited  demand  was  supplied  the 
remainder  were  unsaleable  at  any  price.  I  cannot 
understand  "  C."  when  he  says  Artichokes  are  not 
perishable,  as  for  the  purpose  of  sale  I  do  not  know 
anything  much  more  so.  I  am  a  market  gardener, 
and  have  been  attending  Covent  Garden  selling  my 
own  goods  for  over  twenty  years.  I  have  seen  many 
of  the  consignments  from  private  growers,  and  can 
conscientiously  say  that  as  a  rule  the  vegetables  are 
great  rubbish.  I  often  fancy  that  many  country  private 
growers  imagine  that  London  is  very  badly  supplied 
with  vegetables,  and  that  the  public  are  glad  to  take 
anything  they  are  kind  enough  to  send  them,  whereas 
I  believe  no  town  in  England  is  so  well  supplied  with 
good  vegetables,  both  home-grown  and  foreign,  which 


440 


777^     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OcTor.KR  3,   1SS5 


latter  are  not  always  as  stale  as  '•  C."  imagines,  as 
they  usually  arrive  as  fresh  and  in  as  good  a  condition 
as  goods  from  the  provinces,  or  better.  Has  "  C. 
noticed  that  there  is  no  wholesale  vegetable  price  list 
in  your  paper?  In  conclusion,  is  it  likely  that  sales- 
men who  are  dependent  upon  their  senders  for  their 
living  should  act  with  such  a  suicidal  policy  as  "  C." 
and  some  others  would  have  the  public  believe  ? 
]V.  Poiipart,  Marsh  Farm,  Twickenhain . 

Wood -paper  Cuffs.— I  saw  about  five  years 
ago  some  very  curious-looking  cuffs  for  ladies'  wear, 
which,  I  was  told,  were  made  from  the  bark  of  trees  ; 
they  were  a  trifle  thicker  than  the  white  cuffs  made 
of  paper,  and  a  very  pretty  light  tan  colour,  perfectly 
smooth,  like  satin,  and  on  the  centre  of  each  cuff 
there  was  a  small  bunch  of  very  tiny  blue  Harebells 
nicely  painted.  I  do  not  know  whether  they  were  of 
foreign  or  English  manufacture,  but  they  looked  to 
me  as  more  like  some  preparation  of  wood  shavings 
than  bark,  Helen  Watnev. 

Crocus  speciosus.— This  is  well  named  "  the 
showy  autumn  Crocus."  It  has  been  termed  the  fines 
of  the  autumn-flowering  types,  and  it  is  deservedly 
styled  so.  Just  now  it  is  throwing  up  its  large  and 
rich  bluish-lilac  flowers,  lined  with  dark  purple,  in 
the  open  ground.  A  clump  of  this  beauty  is  just 
now  throwing  up  its  blossoms  through  a  covering  of 
Mignonette  growing  on  the  surface,  which  Is  just  the 
thing  for  it,  as  it  serves  to  support  the  blossoms, 
keeping  them  upright,  and  so  showing  them  off  to 
the  best  advantage  ;  when  without  such  aid  the  stems 
appear  too  weak  to  bear  the  flowers  stedfastly  upright, 
and  a  gust  of  wind  lays  them  low  on  the  soil.  It 
is  best  to  plant  it  deeply  in  some  rich  soil  in  a  spot 
where  it  can  remain  permanently,  and  so  be  undis- 
turbed, and  flower  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a  leafless 
flower,  which  pushes  suddenly,  and  is  seen  in  all  its 
beauty  under  the  brightness  of  the  autumn  sun.  And 
yet  in  how  few  gardens  can  it  be  met  with.  A.  D. 

The  Nurserymen's  Mutual  Hailstorm  Insur- 
ance  Society. — Allow  me,  through  the  medium  of 
your  paper,   to  bring  before  your  readers  a  matter 
which  will  greatly  affect   their  interests.       It  is  well 
known  that  during  the  last  few  years  nurserymen  and 
market  gardeners  have  invested  a  large  amount  of 
capital   in  the  erection   of  glasshouses,  and  owing  to 
the  heavy  cost  of  insurance,  much  of  this  is  uninsured 
against    the   danger  of  hailstorms.     I    am   prepared 
with  a  scheme  whereby  every  bonA  fiJe  market  grower 
may  insure  his  glass  at  5.1.  per  cent,  per  annum.   (The 
usual   charge   for  2t   oz.  glass  is  20-f.  per  cent,  per 
annum.)    Not  only  may  the  ordinary  risk  of  breakage 
by  hailstorms  be  met   by  the  premium  I  have  stated, 
but   if  taken  up  heartily  by  trade  growers  generally 
throughout  the  country,  at  the  end  of  every  five  years 
a  handsome   bonus  may  be   given    to   every  policy- 
holder, and  thus  almost,  if  not  quite,  affording  the 
security  of  insurance  free  of  cost.     I  base  these  state- 
ments on  the  average  injury  to  glasshouses  in  this 
country  by  hailstorms  during  the  past  twenty  years.    I 
have  the  details  for  working  the  society,  but  to  avoid 
trespassing  on  your  space  will  mention  only  a  few 
leading  features  in  the  management.     Each  district 
shall  have  a  local  committee,    themselves   growers, 
who  shall  receive    applications,   inspect   the  houses 
proposed,    and    report    to    a    central    committee    of 
growers     in    London,    who    will     occasionally     sit 
to    transact    such    business    as    may   arise.      There 
shall   be  no  paid  agents,  or  commissions  on  money 
received.     All    work    done  by   committees   shall   be 
honorary,    which  will  require   only  a  few  hours    in 
each  year.     AH  money  belonging  to  the  Society  to  be 
invested  in  Consols,  and  when  about  ^5000  or  ;^6ooo 
have  accumulated  the  interest  will  cover  all  working 
expenses.     I  know  a  gentleman  well  connected,  and 
having  considerable  commercial   experience,  who  is 
ready  to  act  as  secretary.     I  may  state  that  I  have  no 
personal  interest  in  this  matter,  more  than  any  other 
grower  who  may  ensure    his    glasshouses.       I  have 
stated  my  views    to   several    of  the   leading  market 
growers  around  London,  who  highly  approve  of  them, 
being  convinced  of  their  soundness,  practicability,  and 
advantage  to  the  trade,  and  with  me  are  most  anxious 
to  have  the  society  started  forthwith.    But  as  I  cannot 
converse  with  many  who  are  trade  growers,  I  ask,  as 
an  initial  step,  that  all  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  who  are  trade  growers,  and  are  favourable 
to  this  mutual  insurance  scheme,  will  write  a  letter  to 
me  personally,  that  I  may  be  able  to  judge  of  the 


amount  of  interest  likely  to  be  enlisted.     Geo.  Beer, 
Chessivood  Gardens,  Worthing,  Sussex. 


Tokay  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes.— I  have 

read   your  remarks  about  the   Foster's  Seedling  and 

Tokay  Grapes  at  South  Kensington,  and,  with  all  due 

deference  to  your  opinion,  I  must  beg  to  difler  with  you, 

lor  I  do  not  think  Mr.  Allan's  Grape  the  same  as  my 

Tokay.     As  I   remember  it,    it  was  a  longer,  more 

even  berry,  not  so  round  and  lumpy  as  Tokay.     I  am 

sorry  Mr.  Allan  could  not  send  you  berries  of  his  to 

compare  with  mine.     I  remember  when  gardener  at  ,..,,•  .u  . 

Astle    Park,    Cheshire,    grafting    Foster's    Seedling       hardy  Ferns  of  most  attractive  appearance   that  are 

nn    the    Black   Hambureh  ;    and.    so    far    as   I    can       never  seen  .n  public  competition,   and  I  venture  to 

remark  that  if  some  enthusiastic  young  grower  would 
discard   for  a  season  or  two  the  forms  of  Athyrium 


rium  Filix-fosmina,  to  include  such  as  are  most  dis- 
tinct, and  that  the  other  class  of  hardy  Ferns  exclude 
this  form,  or  only  allow  one  or  two.  I  do  not 
think  it  would  be  wise  to  banish  any  forms  from 
our  exhibition  stages,  but  I  do  think  it  would 
be  well  if  some  means  could  be  adopted  so 
that  greater  variety  both  of  species  and  genera 
were  not  only  well  cultivated,  but  staged  at  our 
shows,  both  for  the  education  of  the  general  public, 
and  for  the  extended  knowledge  of  many  who  hope 
by-and-bye  to  have  charge  of  establishments  where 
hardy  plants  of  all  sorts  are  grown.     There  are  many 


on    the    Black   Hamburgh  ; 

remember,  it  had  very  much  the  appearance 
of  those  shown  by  Mr.  Allan.  I  hope,  all  being  well, 
to  compare  berries  with  him  next  year.  Vou  also  say 
mine  were  identical  with  those  shown  as  White 
Tokay.  They  are  the  same  as  those  awarded  the  2d 
prize,  shown  by  Mr.  Hollingworth,  but  not  the  same, 
in  my  opinion,  as  those  shown  by  Mr.  Roberts,  and 
to  which  the  1st  prize  was  awarded.  I  told  Mr. 
Roberts  at  the  time  that  his  were  not  Tokay.  I  never 
saw  Tokay  which  approached  the  colour  his  were, 
and  they  were  a  different  shaped  berry.  Had  I  been 
judging  I  should  have  disqualified  them,  and  had  I 
exhibited  mine  I  should  have  protested  against  them. 
However,  I  shall  ask  Mr.  Roberts  to  send  berries 
and  foliage  of  his  variety  to  the  next  committee  meeting 
at  South  Kensington,  and  I  will  do  the  same,  as  I  think 
it  much  the  best  way  of  clearing  these  doubtful  matters 
up.  7.  IValtis. 

Disa  crassicornis,  Lindley.— The  plant  which 
Mr.  Burbidge  enquires  about  on  p.  374  under  the  name 
of  Disa  macraniha  is  D.  crassicornis,  and  was  figured 
in  the  Botanical  Magazine  a  few  years  since  at 
t.  6529  under  the  name  of  D.  megaceras,  and  in  the 
Garden  under  the  erroneous  name  of  D.  macrantha, 
the  true  D.  macrantha,  Thunberg,  being,  up  to  the 
present  time,  an  unknown  plant.  The  copy  of  Mr. 
Sanderson's  drawing  represents  larger  and  more 
highly  coloured  flowers  than  do  the  plates  above 
quoted.  The  flowers  certainly  grow  larger  than  the 
Botanical  Magazine  shows  them,  but  whether  they 
become  as  highly  coloured  as  in  the  copy  of  Mr. 
Sanderson's  drawing,  or  whether  this  is  due  to  the 
imagination  of  the  artist,  I  have  no  means  of  knowing. 
Certainly  it  is  a  very  beautiful  species,  and  will  well 
repay  all  the  trouble  a  cultivator  may  bestow  upon 
it.   N.  E.  Brown. 


Filix-fosmina  and  grow  other  species  of  a  very 
distinct  character,  and  then  stage  them  at  one  of 
our  principal  shows  in  a  thoroughly  well-grown  and 
healthy  condition,  he  would  meet  with  an  amount  of 
success  that  would  not  only  compensate  him  for  all 
his  labour,  but  would  be  far  greater  than  he  can  hope 
to  secure  by  showing  them  under  conditions  that 
rule  at  present.   W,  Swan,  FaUowlicld. 

Zephyranthes  Candida.  —  "Ealing"  asks 
whether  "any  one  has  tested  the  hardiness  of  this 
plant  out-of-doors  ?  "  I  have  grown  it  so  for  many 
years,  and  also  Zephyranthes  atamasco — both  flower 
profusely.  I  have  had  as  many  as  sixty  flowers  on  a 
small  patch,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  wherever 
Sternbergia  lutea  succeeds  Zephyranthes  Candida,  as 
well  as  the  larger  atamasco,  may  be  grown.  T.  H. 
Archer-Hind,  Devonshire. 


oui^rs. 


Hardy  Ferns,  &c.  — In  looking  through  a  number 
of  collections  of  hardy  Ferns  at  several  exhibitions 
during  the  present  season,  I  have  occasionally  won- 
dered whether  this  class  of  plants  is  as  sufficiently 
known  as  it  deserves  to  be.  I  do  not  mean  to  infer 
that  any  departure  of  a  novel  or  striking  character  has 

taken  place  during  the  shows  that  have  been  held  plants  should  be  supported 
this  season,  for  the  exhibits  of  each  season  and,  in  Jq  (q  plant  them 
fact,  of  most  exhibitions,  are  of  a  strikingly  similar 
character.  There  are  a  large  number  of  species  and 
varieties  that  might  be  used  for  the  purpose,  so  that 
it  does  seem  somewhat  tiresome  and  disappointing 
that  when  a  group  of  twelve  hardy  Ferns  is  put  up 
(or  competition  there  should  be  three,  five,  or  even 
seven  varieties  of  Athyrium  Filix-fcemina  found 
amongst  them.  If  the  class  is  for  six  plants,  then 
often  I  have  observed  four  of  this  species  ;  and  when 
prizes  are  offered  for  four  hardy  Ferns  there  are  two 
or  three  specimens  of  this  same  form.  Now,  I  take 
no  exception  whatever  to  this  charming  species;  some 
of  the  forms  are  beautiful  in  the  extreme,  whether  of  the 
plain,  tasselled,  or  much  divided  varieties,  all  are  de- 
serving   f  culture,  and  all  are  worthy  of  being  placed 


THE  PINK. 
This  is  a  busy  time  with  the  growers  of  florists' 
flowers,  and  the  lowly  Pink  must  be  attended  to  now. 
We  have  just  planted  ours  out  in  the  open  ground,  and 
those  who  have  not  yet  done  so  should  see  that  this  is 
done  at  once.  The  plants  will  succeed  in  any  good 
garden  soil,  moderately  rich,  and  in  proper  condition 
at  the  time  of  planting.  The  plants  may  be  put  out 
about  8  or  10  inches  apart  ;  very  small  plants  may  not 
be  allowed  more  than  6  inches  between  them.  Any 
long  straggling  specimens  should  have  small  sticks 
placed  to  them  to  keep  them  in  their  places.  In- 
deed, if  the  position  is  much  exposed  to  winds,  all  the 
this  way.  It  will  not 
reworm  exists  in  the  soil — 
the  leather-coated  grub  is  sure  to  find  them  if  it  is  in 
the  vicinity  ;  this  nasty  grub  feeds  at  night,  and  may 
easily  be  destroyed  by  watching  for  it  with  a  light. 
A  pair  of  each  kind  of  Pinks  should  be  potted  into 
small  pots,  and  wintered  In  frames,  to  make  good  any 
losses  that  may  occur  in  winter. 


FORCiNT,  Pinks. 

These  plants  must  now  be  lifted  from  the  open 
ground,  and  be  potted  into  the  pots  in  which  they  are 
to  flower.  I  have  always  advised  taking  the  cuttings 
of  these  in  April,  and  if  this  has  been  done  the  plants 
will  be  of  large  size,  and  fit  to  be  potted  into  6  inch 
pots.  When  the  plants  are  potted  place  them  in  a 
frame  ;  the  lights  may  be  kept  over  them   for  a  few 


upon  the  exhibition  stage  ;  but  as  the  number  of  hardy  days,  but  not  too  close.  They  will  speedily  root  into 
Ferns  is  so  large,  I  do  think  it  would  be  well  that 
in  this  class  the  number  of  specimens  of  this  species 
were  considerably  reduced.  In  showing  stove  Ferns 
a  class  is  almost  always  provided  for  Adiantums, 
and  it  is  well  that  it  is  so,  for  a  plant  of  Adiantum 
cuneatum,  beautiful  and  wefl  grown  as  it  may  be, 
does  not  stage  very  well  with  a  Dicksonia  antarctica 
having  a  stem  6  to  8  feet  high.  This  is  perhaps  put- 
ting an  extreme  case.     My  view  is  that,  among  the       as  soon  as  the  flowers  fade.  The  present  is  a  good  time 


the  new  compost,  after  which  the  lights  ought  to  be 
removed  entirely  in  fine  weather. 

The  Pentste.mon. 

This  is  a  capital  late  autumn  flowering  plant,    and 

will  continue  to  hold  up  its  head  bravely  when  more 

tender  things   have  succumbed  to  frost  ;  but  it  will 

flower  longer  and  better  if  the  seed-pods  are  picked  off 


Adiantums  put  up  for  competition,  whether  in 
separate  class  or  in  a  group  of  stove  Ferns  pure  and 
simple,  there  is  not  seen  so  much  variety  and  diver- 
sity as  may  be  met  with  in  the  various  forms  of 
A.  Filix-foemina.  This  being  so,  I  venture  to 
suggest  that  it  would  be  wise  and  desirable  that  a 
class  be  formed  for  this  spec'es  only,  say  six  Athy- 


to  take  cuttings,  which  will  strike  freely  under  a  hand- 
glass, or  in  a  close  frame  with  bedding  Calceolarias. 
They  will  root  quicker  over  a  gentle  hotbed,  but  I  do 
not  think  they  make  any  the  better  plants  for  the  next 
season.  If  the  old  plants  are  left  in  the  borders,  they 
pass  through  ordinary  winters  unscathed,  and  flower 
strongly  and  early  the  following  ! 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


441 


The  Phlox. 
I  have  previously  stated  that  the  best  way  to  culli- 
vale  this  beautiful  hardy  plant  successfully,  is  to  take 
cutting?  early  in  the  year.  March  is  a  good  month, 
each  of  these  will  produce  one  good  spike  the  same 
season,  either  in  pots  or  planted  out.  If  they  have 
been  grown  and  flowered  in  pots,  the  present  is  a  good 
time  to  plant  them  out  in  the  open  border,  or  if  in 
beds,  20  inches  apart  ;  given  a  rich  deep  soil,  they  will 
produce  splendid  spikes  the  following  season.  Or  if 
they  are  to  be  grown  and  flowered  in  pots  the.  second 
season,  ihey  need  not  be  potted  until  the  spring,  and 
8  or  g-inch  pots  are  the  best  sizes  in  which  to  flower 
them.  The  soil  for  potting  ought  to  be  light,  to  allow 
of  free  and  rapid  development  of  the  roots. 

The  Polyanthus, 
With  many  persons  the  Polyanthus  is  a  greater 
favourite  than  the  Auricula.  It  is  in  all  respects 
distinct,  flowering  several  weeks  earlier,  and  a  bed  or 
frame  full  of  them  rivets  attention  at  once,  owing  to 
their  distinct  and  brilliant  colours.  I  was  so  pleased 
with  the  results  of  a  frameful  planted  out  in  Mr. 
Brockbank's  garden  at  Didsbury  that  I  have  planted 
a  frame  this  season  and  potted  up  as  many.  I  allude 
now  to  the  laced  type.  The  past  season  was  very 
trying  to  them  in  this  district  ;  they  were  attacked  by 
red-spider  and  green-fly  simultaneously,  and  either 
of  these  is  sufficient  to  cripple  the  plants.  They  were 
washed  and  cleaned,  promising  now  to  flower  well. 
Our  best  plants  last  season  were  potted  the  last  wetk 
in  September  ;  this  year  they  were  potted  and  planted 
out  early  in  August ;  it  was  necessary  to  lift  them  to 
get  at  the  red-spider.  Plants  of  these,  or  the  fancy 
kinds  growing  in  beds  or  borders,  may  be  left  to 
themselves,  except  to  dust  some  soot  round  the  roots 
to  keep  slugs  from  them.  Choice  plants  may  even 
be  watched  at  night  with  a  lamp.  I  have  seen 
plants  quite  cropped  over  with  the  leather-coated 
grub  ;  this  is  very  troublesome,  as  it  is  so  fond  of  the 
Laves,  and  is  not  deterred  by  soot.  J.  Dow^las. 


^^4,in||iiri'mrniET:V 
lift 


f ' 


^ 


>^SC^--- 


dints  of  loah. 


Flore  Complete  da  la  Belgique,  etc.  Par  Andre 
de  Vos.  Mens  :  Hector  Manceaux,  I2mo, 
pp.  739. 
It  is  impossible  to  criticise  a  work  of  this  character 
in  detail  until  one  has  become  practically  familiar 
with  its  use,  or  otherwise,  in  the  field.  No  such 
delay,  however,  is  required  to  form  an  appreciation 
of  the  author's  method  of  procedure,  nor  of  the 
general  value  of  his  work.  We  need  not,  therefore, 
hesitate  to  commend  this  little  volume  to  the  attention 
of  all  those  who  are  interested  in  the  Belgian  P'lora, 
or,  indeed,  in  that  of  north-west  Europe  generally. 
In  some  respects  it  follows  the  plan  adopted  by 
Lamarck,  and  of  which  English  botanists  have  an 
excellent  example  in  Benlham's  HanJhaok  of  British 
Plants^  It  consists  of  analytical  tables  offering  a 
series  of  alternative  characters,  by  means  of  a 
succession  of  which  the  pupil  is  rapidly  led  to 
the  identification  of  the  natural  order,  genus 
and  species  of  the  plant  before  him.  Such  a  plan 
necessitates  a  certain  amount  of  previous  knowledge 
of  the  organisation  and  characteristics  of  plants,  and 
it  demands  rigid  accuracy  on  the  part  o(  the  compiler, 
and  strict  attention  on  the  part  of  the  reader,  else  the 
latter  may  very  readily  wander  from  the  right  track, 
and  each  successive  alternative,  instead  of  bringing 
him  nearer  and  nearer  to  the  desired  goal,  will  neces- 
sarily take  him  further  and  further  from  it.  The 
strict  attention  requisite  on  the  part  of  the  pupil  is 
at  first  rather  irksome,  yet  highly  beneficial  as  a 
mental  discipline,  provided  that  the  tables  have  been 
drawn  up  with  sufficient  care  for  the  pupil's  wants. 


."^uch  analytical  tables,  it  seems  to  us,  should,  as  a 
rule,  include  nothing  that  cannot  readily  be  seen  by 
the  observer.  To  illustrate  our  meaning  we  may  ask 
of  what  value  in  such  tables  are  the  details  relating  to 
the  double  generation  of  Conifers  (ic ,  the  pro- 
duction of  corpuscula),  and  the  division  of  the 
pollen-cells  ?  And  we  may  inquire  how  the  pupil  is  to 
ascertain  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  double  set  of 
vessels,  or  of  an  alternation  of  generation  ?  These  ate 
points  of  first-rate  importance,  but  they  aie  not  easily 
made  out,  and  are  quite  useless  for  ordinary  field  use. 
But  the  objections  that  might  be  raised  on  this  score 
are,  partially  at  least,  met  by  the  fact  that  the  work  is 
intended  for  use  by  persons  who  have  already  some 
knowledge,  of  botany,  and,  moreover,  they  apply 
merely  to'  the  larger  groups,  and  not  to  the  genera 
and  species.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary  wild  plants 
of  Belgium,  M.  De  Vos  includes  many  of  the  more 
important  hardy  cultii'ated  plants,  which  will  render 
the  work  useful  to  gardeners  and  others  desirous  of 
gaining  some  information  as  to  the  plants  they  culti- 
vate. Of  course,  it  is  impossible  to  enumerate  a  tithe 
of  the  hardy  cultivated  plants,  so  that  selection  was 
essential,  and  these,  so  far  as  we  have  seen,  have  been 
judiciously  effected. 

Reference  is  made  in  many  cases  to  the  most  recent 
monographs  of  particular  genera,  and  incidentally  a 
great  deal  of  information  is  given  as  to  the  geogra- 
phicil  distribution  of  plants,  the  date  of  introduction, 
and  the  uses  of  those  cultivated  lor  economic  pur- 
poses. Mention  is  even  made  of  the  principal  insects 
and  parasitic  fungi  injurious  to  particular  crops,  so 
that  a  very  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great 
variety  of  subjects  is  condensed  into  a  small  space. 
Curiously  enough  we  find  but  little  reference  to  the 
structural  adaptations  to  insect  fertilisation,  to  which 
now-a-days  so  much  attention  is  deservedly  paid. 
Again,  while  the  French  and  Flemish  names  are 
given,  there  is  no  attempt  made  to  give  the  explana- 
tion of  the  classical  names.  We  recognise,  of  course, 
that  we  have  no  right  to  expect  this  sort  of  informa- 
tion in  an  analytical  flora,  but  M.  De  Vos  has  given 
us  so  much  miscellaneous  information  that  we  can 
scarcely  help  asking  for  more.  We  hope  the  author 
will  deem  this  a  compliment  rather  than  otherwise, 
for  if  his  book  were  less  valuable  than  it  is  we  should 
not  ask  for  more.  As  it  is,  M.  De  Vos  has  produced 
what  we  cannot  but  consider  a  most  useful  publica- 
tion. It  consists  not  only  of  a  series  of  analytical 
tables  and  condensed  descriptions  of  plants,  but  is  a 
veiitable  encyclopedia  in  miniature.  How  so  much 
matter  can  have  been  compressed  into  little  over 
700  smill  pages  is  a  mystery.  A  word  of  commen- 
dation is  also  due  to  the  printer  and  publisher  for  the 
excellence  of  the  typography  and  the  quality  of  the 
paper. 

SOMERLEY. 

On  the  borderland  lying  not  wide  from  that  old 
hunting-ground  of  royally,  the  New  Forest,  and  the 
heathery  downs  of  Dorsetshire,  stands  Kingwood, 
a  quiet  old-world  town — a  little  busier  than  was 
its  normal  state  before  the  advent  of  the  South- 
western Railway,  and  the  subsequent  junction  with 
the  Bournemouth  line.  The  Avon  flows  lazily  past 
the  town,  stopping  the  while  to  broaden  out  into 
shallow  and  deep  meres  very  suggestive  of  jack, 
whilst  the  swifter  parts  are  admittedly  the  feeding- 
places  of  fine  trout  and  salmon. 

Somerley,  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of  Normanton, 
occupies  an  elevated  position,  hidden  amongst  woods, 
about  three  miles  from  the  little  forest  town.  The 
house  itself  is  a  plain,  commodious,  modern  building, 
of  brick  and  stone,  and  is  not  visible  from  any 
point  of  vantage  until  the  onlooker  is  close  to  it.  The 
position  is  a  remarkably  good  one,  but  standing 
amongst  trees  which  press  in  on  it  on  every  side,  the 
most  would  not  appear  to  have  been  made  of  it  by 
the  present  proprietor.  He,  like  so  many  more,  has 
a  certain  reverence  for  the  old  trees  surounding  his 
residence,  and  views  with  disfavour  any  schemes  of 
improvement  which  would  cause  the  sacrifice  of  his 
favourites.  New  species  of  either  deciduous  or  coni- 
ferous are  not  common  about  the  grounds,  which  are 
of  great  extent,  so  that  we  find  much  of  the  beauty  of 
scene  due  to  the  fine  development  of  indigenous 
timber. 

The  common  Beech,  a  never-failing  tree  in  districts 
chalky,  or  bordering  on  that  or  the  Greensand  stone  ; 
Scotch  Pine,  Maple,  and  in  the  *'  the  bottoms  "  com- 
mon formsofOak,  mak  eflne  timber.  Quite  remarkable 


were  some  Pines  standing  in  a  line  alternating,  mostly 
with  Beech.  The  trees  stood  free  on  the  edge  of  a 
declivity,  where  consequently  the  gronnd  descended 
rapidly  on  one  side,  giving  full  exposure  there, 
miny  of  the  specimens  having  a  diameter  of  3  feet  at 
4  feet  from  the  ground,  the  massive  rich  red  and  almost 
smojth  pillars  associating  and  contrasting  well  wiih 
the  yet  larger  Beeches.  Some  one,  years  gone  by, 
had  made  a  walk  perfectly  straight  for  some  200  or 
300  yards,  running  close  up  to  the  stems,  so  that 
their  fine  proportions  should  not  be  lost  in  the  general 
wildness  of  the  wood. 

The  grounds  which  stretch  around  the  house,  on 
the  generally  level  ground  there,  are  rather  intricately  ' 
planted  with  shrubberies  and  a  few  solitary  trees  ; 
there  is  a  considerable  quantity  of  greensward, 
and  fortunately  but  few  walks — only  jjst  enough 
for  getting  healthy  promenades,  without  taking 
the  visitor  to  every  big  tree  and  show  ol>j'?cts  m 
the  place.  On  the  south  side  of  the  msn.iun  is  a 
tangled  declivity,  which  is  overlooked  from  a  terrace  . 
running  on  that  side.  This  terrace  is  cold,  severe, 
and  quite  unadorned,  and  appears  with  its  natural 
surroundings  of  trees  and  shrubs  just  a  bit  incon- 
gruous, but  we  must  not  fotget  the  dic'um  of 
the  landscape  gardener  of  a  not  distant  dale,  that 
houses  erected  on  ground  near  a  declivity  must  seem 
to  have  the^  security  made  apparent,  adding  a 
terrace,  walled,  buttressed,  and  batustraded  on  the 
lower  ground,  the  house  being  built  first,  and  the 
sham  platform  made  to  account  for  the  existence  of 
the  house  at  that  point. 

A  stretch  of  velvety  lawn,  bounded  by  trees,  with 
here  and  there  a  shrub  or  low  tree,  round-headed 
rather  than  "spiky,"  would  bean  improvement  on 
the  wild  slope  and  its  impending  terrace. 

Some  considerable  distance  north  from  the  mansion 
are  five  vineries,  lean-to  houses  of  an  old-fashioned 
stamp,  as  seen  in  the  methods  for  ventilating,  paving, 
and  construction  ;  fairly  good  Grapes  are  now  grown 
in  them,  and  when  the  young  Vines, ^  which  Mr. 
Richards,  the  present  able  gardener,  has  planted,  come 
into  bearing,  the  crops  will  be  greatly  improved.  Good 
well  coloured  bunches  of  all  the  popular  late  kinds 
were  seen  in  the  later  houses.  Behind  this  range  of 
vineries  the  usual  sheds,  Mushroom-house,  stokehole, 
and  offices  are  found,  and  still  further  to  the  rear, 
and  shut  in  by  trees  on  three  sides,  is  a  span-roofed 
vinery  that  was  formerly  a  Peach-house  intended  to 
fruit  early  in  the  season  ;  but  which,  owing  entirely 
to  the  shade  produced  by  the  adjacent  trees,  turned 
out  to  be  a  failure  for  early  work.  It  is  now  partly 
filled  with  some  very  strong  canes  of  late  keeping 
kinds  that  are  certain  to  bring  fine  produce,  and  are 
likely  to  be  heard  of  at  our  metropolitan  shows  at  no 
distant  date.  One  division  of  this  house  still  remains 
planted  with  Peach  trees,  the  wood,  which  has  been 
cut  back  nearly  as  hard  as  would  be  done  by  gar- 
deners at  the  winter  pruning,  the  main  idea  being  to 
plump  up  the  bloom,  i.e.^  tc  cause  their  perfect  de- 
velopment by  cutting  back  in  August  when  the  chance 
of  further  growth  being  made  had  ceased.  As  seen 
in  the  second  week  in  September,  the  experiment 
appeared  likely  to  have  the  wished-for  effect,  and 
certainly  there  were  no  indications  of  the  rear 
buds  starting,  which  was  of  course  to  be  appre- 
hended. 

Other  houses  in  this  area  were  a  small  stove  filled 
with  nice  healthy  young  stock  of  useful  furnishing 
plants.  In  this  house  we  found  some  perfectly  clean 
Gardenias,  a  large  piece  of  Cattleya  gigas  and  one 
of  Dendrobium  densiflorum,  which  bloom  always 
well,  and  get  only  stove  treatment.  Some  pits 
useful  for  Cucumbers,  Pines,  Tomatos,  &c.,  fill  up 
the  space  between  the  first-named  range  of  vineries 
and  the  pleasure  grounds;  and  so  little  was  thought 
of  the  Vine  roots  extending  beyond  the  border  made 
for  them,  or  of  the  need  of  sun-heat  playing  on  the 
border,  that  the  hinder  walls  of  these  pits  were  built 
on  the  sunny  side  of  it.  From  the  two  instances 
mentioned,  and  there  are  others,  the  worst*obstacle 
to  good  work  in  this  portion  of  Somerley  gardens  would 
appear  to  be  shade,  either  from  buildings  improperly 
placed,  or  from  forest  trees  as  improperly  left  standing. 
In  another  part  of  the  Vine  border  a  big  Laurel  has 
its  position  to  the  annihilation  of  the  Vines  for 
many  feet  on  either  side.  It  did  not  matter  how 
much  the  Vines  were  given  in  the  way  of  manure, 
the  Laurel  grew  and  prospered,  but  the  Vines 
became  smaller  by  degrees.  In  another  there  grew  a 
mass  of  what  is  now  Tree  Ivy,  as  greedy  a  feeder  on 
manurial  good  things.      These  masses  of  roots  are 


442 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885. 


now  enclosed  wiihin  cement  and  brick  walls,  so  that 
further  wanderings  are  impossible. 

On  the  lawn  is  an  octagon-shaped  house,  planted 
in  the  middle  with  Camellias,  which  at  the  time  of  our 
visit  were  bristling  with  flower-buds,  the  sorts  mostly 
being  C.  imbricila,  C.  Lidy  Hume's  Blush  ;  C.  sac- 
coi-nova,  and  Marchioness  of  Exeter.  Flanking  this 
house  was  a  quadrilateral  house,  with  tall  upright 
sides  filled  with  Roses  on  roof  and  sides,  and  another 
similar  house  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  octagon 
containing  a  great  Stephanotis  on  the  roof,  and  beneath 
it  Begonias  and  other  shade  loving  stove  plants. 
Magnolia  conspicua,  the  best  variety,  does  splendidly 
at  Somerley,  and  lives  within  winter  [protection  ;  it  is 
much  used  to  cover  buildings  and  unsightly  walls,  and 
occupies  varied  aspects  with  the  advantage  accruing 
of  a  long  supply  of  flowers. 

The  flower  garden,  properly  so-called,  lies  on 
the  south  side.  It  is  small,  but  the  beds  are  very 
numerous,  causing  the  whole  to  represent  a  carpet- 
bed  on  a  large  scale,  and  requires  about  20,000  plants 
to  furnish  it.  Leaving  the  high  ground  on  which  the 
mansion  is  situated,  a  rather  steep  pathway  leads 
down  through  the  wood  to  the  paik.  Here  were 
found  Portugal  Laurels,  that  had  grown  into  trees  of 
40  or  more  feet  in  height,  and  proportionately  thick. 
Common  Laurel  grows  less  robustly,  but  both  are 
picturesque  additions  to  woodland  scenery.  Rhodo- 
dendron ponticura  grows  wild  everywhere,  and 
was  seen  of  all  ages,  from  naturally  layered  bushes, 
60  feet  in  circumference,  to  tiny  yearlings. 

A  space  of  park  land  has  to  be  traversed  ol  about 
400  yards,  and  the  kitchen  gardens  are  reached,  lymg 
warmly  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  amongst  a  surround- 
ing of  solitary  standing  Uaks.  This  position  has  some 
advantages  :  it  makes  vegetable  and  fruit  growing 
much  easier  than  in  exposed  gardens,  but  late  frosts 
are  very  common  and  destructive,  and  things  are  cut 
off  earlier  than  on  higher  ground. 

The  area  of  the  ground  under  Iruit  and  vegetables 
is  about  5  acres,  and  it  is  subdivided  into  several 
portions  of  singular  form  by  intersecting  walls,  which 
latter  give  a  great  variety  of  aspects  for  fruits.  The 
Fig  grows  well  here,  and  Peaches  ripen  without 
glass  protection,  and  it  may  be  remarked  that  the 
wood  gets  quite  matured  without  so  much  labour  being 
necessary  in  laying  it  in  close  to  the  wall.  By  con- 
stant trenching  and  'manuring,  especially  the  first- 
named,  the  tilth  has  much  improved,  and  is  capable 
of  supporting  great  crops  ol  vegetables  of  the  best 
quality,  as  witness  Mr.  Richards'  triumphs  in  the 
classes  for  these  at  metropolitan  and  other  shows. 
Yet  we  found  fruit  trees,  such  as  espaliers,  bushes, 
and  pyramids,  growing  strongly,  but  mostly  barren. 
The  roots  were  in  the  hungry  gravel  of  the  sub- 
stratum, and,  for  want  of  sufficient  labour,  could  not 
be  transplanted.  This  is  to  be  regretted,  for  the 
climate  of  Hampshire  is  well  suited  for  fruit  growing. 
Of  the  few  that  were  not  influenced  by  the  bad  soil 
may  be  mentioned  the  Ribston,  clean  in  wood  and 
fruit  ;  and  Celhni,  equally  good. 

A  short  range  of  Peach-houses  is  found  in  the 
kitchen  garden,  and  good  fruit  was  being  gathered  in 
them,  as  well  as  very  fine  Tomatos,  which  latter  were 
planted  in  short  rows  at  right  angles  to  the  back  wall, 
and  5  feet  apart,  the  shade  thrown  on  the  Peaches 
being  very  triflmg,  and  no  way  detrimental.  Outside 
on  the  front  wall  Laxton's  out-of-door  Tomato  was 
carrying  a  weight  of  10  lb.  of  fruit  per  plant.  A 
Plum  wall  planted  with  the  usual  kinds  had  produced 
a  wonderful  crop,  but,  except  on  a  few,  it  was  mainly 
over.  Morello  Cherries  were  equally  fine,  and  these, 
like  the  Plums,  had  a  large  portion  of  the  walls  set 
apart  for  them. 

We  noticed  some  fine  quarters  of  Brussels  Sprouts 
and  Cauliflowers  ;  in  the  first  May's  variety  took  the 
lead  for  robust  compact  growth  and  firm  Sprouts, 
followed  by  a  selected  variety  from  Messrs.  Sutton  ; 
the  kind  of  Cauliflower  was  Veitch's  Autumn 
Giant. 

Great  care  is  evidently  taken  with  the  vegetable 
crops  of  all  kinds,  not  alone  for  show  purposes,  which 
have  special  care,  but  for  the  ordinary  supply.  The 
light  soil,  when  trenched,  grows  root  crops  of  all 
kinds  to  great  excellence,  and  clubbing  and  finger- 
and-toe  (Anbury)  disfigurements  are  unseen. 

The  surrounding  demesne  is  of  4000  acres  in  extent, 
the  home  park  being  more  than  a  mile  in  length,  but 
much  less  in  breadth.  A  few  exotic  trees,  coniferous 
and  others,  were  noticed,  but  nothing  which  calls  for 
especial  mention.  M. 


OCTOBER  :  PLANTING. 
To  be  ready  to  take  full  advantage  of  autumn  plant- 
ing requires  a  little  forethought  and  early  preparation 
of  the  ground  and  materials,  but  where  the  instructions 
previously  given  in  these  columns  have  been  acted 
upon  everything  should  be  in  readiness  by  the  middle 
of  October,  so  as  to  allow  the  whole  available  stalT 
under  the  forester's  supervision  to  be  employed  in  this 
important  operation  as  soon  as  the  nursery  stock  has 
arrived  at  a  proper  state  of  maturity  to  be  safely 
removed.  The  advantages  of  early  planting  are  so 
many,  and  now  so  well  known,  that  one  can  only 
wonder  why  the  practice  is  not  more  generally 
adopted.  It  is  well  known,  however,  that  from 
one  reason  or  another  comparatively  few  planters 
adopt  the  early  start,  but  defer  this  important 
work  till  the  cold,  drying  winds  of  March  arrive, 
and  when  the  young  plants  are  placed  at  the  greatest 
disadvantage.  In  some  cases  it  is  certainly  advis- 
able to  adopt  spring  planting — for  instance,  in  dealing 
with  cold,  wet,  retentive  soils  or  peat  bog  ;  but  these 
are  few  and  peculiar,  and  should  certainly  form  no 
excuse  for  the  frequency  with  which  the  practice  is 
adopted  in  various  parts  of  the  country. 

Everything  being  in  readiness,  the  next  important 
but  oft-neglected  point  is  the  selection  of  clean, 
healthy,  well  rooted  and  bushy  plants,  and  such  as 
are  suitable  for  the  situation  and  soil  in  which  they 
are  to  be  inserted.  Dwarf,  lanky,  ill-grown,  and 
badly  rooted  plants  should  at  once  be  discarded,  as 
they  necessitate  just  the  same  expenditure  in  planting 
as  others  cf  good  constitution  and  form,  but  never 
make  profitable  trees,  and  constitute  a  source  of 
grievance  to  the  owner  and  of  annoyance  to  all  who 
have  been  in  any  way  connected  with  their  removal. 

The  planting  of  upland  or  mountainous 
tracts  also  requires  considerable  forethought, 
and,  above  all,  wise  selection  of  the  plants  to  be 
used.  These  should  not  only  be  small  (small  in 
proportion  to  such  as  are  used  in  low-lying  and 
sheltered  situations)  but  chosen  from  such  nursery 
ground  as  is  well  exposed  and  situated  at  a  consider- 
able elevation  above  the  sea-level,  for  we  can  never 
expect  plants  that  have  been  reared  in  a  warm, 
sheltered,  lowland  nursery  to  succeed  when  planted 
on  a  bare,  exposed  mountain  side,  at  least  nearly 
so  well  as  such  as  have  been  inured  to  it  from  their 
infancy.  Lifting  nursery  stock  is  another  matter  of 
the  highest  importance,  that  should  always  be  super- 
intended by  a  careful,  competent  person,  so  that  none 
of  the  barbarous  treatment  too  often  practised  will  be 
tolerated,  and  to  which  many  of  the  failures  in  plant- 
ing might  be  traced. 

The  plants  should  be  lifted  with  a  fork  and  raised 
clean  out  of  the  ground  without  racking  and  break- 
ing the  roots,  for  the  preserving  of  these  unimpaired 
is  a  matter  of  much  importance  for  the  plant's  future 
welfare.  .\s  soon  as  lifted,  and  when  not  required 
for  immediate  use,  the  plants  may  be  "  laid  in  "  and 
the  roots  carefully  covered  with  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  rather  dry  earth,  but  where  it  is  at  all  practicable, 
as  in  a  home  nursery,  it  is  well  only  to  lift  suf- 
ficient plants  for  one  or  two  days'  use  —  despatch 
in  lifting  and  planting  being  a  golden  rule.  Of  course 
where  plants  are  procured  in  quantity  from  a  distance, 
immediate  planting  is  out  of  the  question,  but  under 
these  circumstances  they  should  be  unpacked  imme- 
diately cT  arrival  and  "  sheughed  "  thinly,  and  if  at 
all  dry  well  watered  so  as  to  preserve  them  in  as 
healthy  a  state  as  possible  until  such  time  as  they  can 
be  planted.  When  received  from  a  distance  young 
plants  are  often  allowed  to  remain  in  bundles,  but 
this  is  a  very  objectionable  practice  and  should  only 
be  tolerated  where  planting  is  to  take  place  in  a  day 
or  two.  In  conveying  young  plants  from  the  nursery 
to  their  place  of  destination  the  roots  should  never 
be  allowed  to  become  dry.  The  slightest  protection, 
even  a  mat  or  damp  refuse  straw,  or  hay,  will  prevent 
this. 

Nursery  Work. 

This  is  usually  one  of  the  busiest  months  in  the 
nursery  ;  for  besides  the  autumn  planting  and  trans- 
planting, there  will  be  the  usual  propagation  by 
cuttings,  layers,  or  suckers,  the  collecting,  drying, 
and  storing  of  tree  seeds,  formation  of  seed  beds,  and 


general  pruning  of  all  nursery  stock.  In  collect- 
ing seeds  it  should  always  be  borne  in  mind  that 
those  from  medium-sized,  healthy  trees  are  prefer- 
able, those  from  young  trees  often  proving  barren, 
and  from  old  trees  weakly  in  growth,  and  usually 
difiicult  to  procure.  Coniferous  tree  seeds  are  un- 
usually abundant  this  season ;  indeed,  we  cannot 
remember  so  rich  nor  generally  so  good  a  crop. 
Many  rare  kinds  are  now  coning  for  the  first  time, 
such  as  Abies  concolor,  A.  Pindrow,  A.  Pinsapo" 
A.  grandis,  Picea  orientalis,  ^c,  while  hardwood 
trees  and  shrubs  are  in  most  cases  well  supplied  with 
a  heavy,  healthy  crop  of  fruits.  As  nursery  borders 
become  vacant  they  may,  according  as  it  is  thought 
proper,  be  either  deeply  trenched  and  otherwise  pre- 
pared for  the  reception  of  green  crops  during  the 
following  season,  or  where  the  soil  has  become 
too  impoverished,  receive  a  good  top-dressing  of  leaf- 
mould  or  other  necessary  refuse,  after  which  they  may 
be  planted  with  seedlings,  varying  the  crop  from  Firs 
to  hardwood  or  vice  versA.  Be  sure  that  all  seeds  of 
weeds  have  been  destroyed  in  the  compost  heap  be- 
fore its  application  to  the  borders,  as  a  neglect  of  this 
precaution  will  cause  endless  work  throughout  the  fol- 
lowing season.  By  turning  the  compost  heap  occa- 
sionally, so  that  fermentation  may  go  on  equally  all 
over  the  mass,  and  by  adding  a  slight  addition  of  lime, 
the  germinative  properties  of  most  seeds  will  be 
destroyed.    A.  D.  Webster,  Peiirhyii  Castle. 

(Tn  be  emIumeJ.) 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  Sfptember  30,  1885. 


Hygrome- 
trical    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

0 

Barometer. 

THE  Air. 

Wind. 

< 
1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 

s 

1 

Range. 
Mean  for 

Departure  of  Mean 

from  Average  ol 

50  years. 

> 

•=j8 

P" 
OK" 

1 

Sept 

In. 

In.       . 

„ 

jIn. 

34 

3991 

-t- 0.14  56-5 

47  0 

9-5 

S0.7 

-  4-3 

41.9 

73 

N.W.  lo.oo 

»S 

39.70 

— 0.05  S3. 0 

40.0 

13.0 

44  3 

—  10.5 

4>.9 

93 

N.W.    0.0s 

36 

3973 

—  00351.2 

35  5 

■57 

42.1 

-13  6 

36.. 

80 

N.NW.|o.oo 

»7 

3973 

0.0047.4 

37  3 

10.3 

417 

—129 

364 

84 

W.NVV.  "'" 

38 

3983 

-fo."|5>-5l370 

■55 

436 

—  10.9 

38-6 

83 

N.W. 

000 

n 

39  59 

—  0.13  59.5|44  3 

'5-3 

53.3 

-  2.1 

SI. I 

94 

N.W. 

0.30 

30 

39.39 
3970 

-0..33  6o.8j48,5 

■33 

54  3 

-a. 

53.4 
43.6 

93 
85 

S.W. 

0.06 

Mean 

—0.04 

S44 

4..4 

130 

47.0 

-  7.6 

N.W. 

0.41 

and 


Sept.  24.  —Fine  day. 

—  25.  —  Rain  in    morning,    thunder    betwe 

3  ?.M.  ;  dull  day. 

—  26. — ^Fine  and  bright  at  times.     Fine  cl 

—  27. — Dull  cold  day  and  night. 

—  28. — Dense  fog  in  early  morning,  fine  bright  day,  fin< 


ght. 


—  29, — Rain  from  early  morning  till  about  g  a.j 

but  dull  afterwards. 

—  30. — Dull  day,  slight  rain  in  afternoon. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  26,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.91 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.13  inches 
by  9  A.M  ,  and  decreased  to  30,06  inches  by  5  p.m. 
on  the  20lh,  increased  to  30.37  inches  by  9  a.m.  on 
the  22d,  decreased  to  30.05  inches  by  i  r.M.  on  the 
24lh,  increased  to  3009  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the 
24ih,  decreased  to  2986  inches  by  i  p.m.  on  the 
25ih,  increased  to  29  93  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the 
26th,  and  was  29.87  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
was  30.09  inches,  being  0.09  inch  higher  than  last 
week,  and  0.13  inch  above  the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature, — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  67'.8,  on  the  23d,  on  the 
26th  the  highest  was  51°.  2.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  60°. 3. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  35*.5i  on  the  26th; 
on  the  2ist  and  23d  the  lowest  temperature  was  54°. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
45"- 3- 


October  3,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


443 


The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°,  on  the  22d  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  2ist,  was  8°. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  is"*. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  20lh,  54"; 
on  the  2ist,  56". 6  ;  on  the  22d,  55''-3  ;  on  the  23d, 
60*. I  ;  on  the  24th,  50°. 7  ;  on  the  2^lh,  44°. 3  ;  and 
on  the  26th,  42^I  ;  of  these  the  21st  and  23d  were 
above  their  averages  by  l°.l  and  4°.9,  and  the  rest 
were  below  by  i^.S,  4°. 3,  io°.5,  and  12". 6  re- 
spectively— the  22d  being  the  same  as  the  average. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  5i°.9, 
being  5°.2  lower  than  last  week,  and  3^3  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  119°,  on  the  22d,  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  l03^6. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  28°,  on  the  26ih.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  36".  3. 

Rain, — Rain  fell  on  three  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.10  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  26  the  highest  temperatures  were  69" 
at  Cambridge,  68"*. 3  at  Brighton,  68°  at  Truro;  the 
highest  temperature  at  Bolton  was  61". 9,  at  Preston 
62°,  at. Bradford  62''. 3.     The  general  mean  was  65".  5. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  31°. 9  at  Bolton,  32° 
at  Hull,  32*.  I  at  Nottingham;  the  lowest  at  Ply- 
mouth was  42^9,  at  Liverpool  38''.6,  at  Newcastle 
38^     The  general  mean  was  35°.  8. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  35°  at  Cambride,  34°.  9 
*at  Nottingham,  33"  at  Hull  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
2 1*. 2  at  P])mouth,  24^7  at  Liverpool,  26"  at  New- 
castle and  Preston.     The  general  mean  was  29'.  7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  62^.7,  at  Truro  62*.3,  at 
Nottingham  61^-4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  55°. 4, 
at  Liverpool  S6°.5,  and  at  Newcastle  57". 6.  The 
general  mean  was  59°.  7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  47°.2,  at  Truro  46''.4,  at  Ply- 
mouth 46°.3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
4o'.9,  at  Hull  4i°.i,  at  Bolton  4i''.4.  The  general 
mean  was  44*.4. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
ig^-S,  at  Nottingham  l8''.9,  at  Wolverhampton  l8^5  ; 
and  was  least  at  Liverpool,  10°. 6,  at  Preston  12°, 4, 
at  Bradford  I3''.4.     The  general  mean  was  15". 3. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro  and 
Brighton,  53'.  i,  at  Plymouth  52''.9  ;  and  was  lowest 
at  Bolton,  47°, 2,  at  Hull  48'.S,  and  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton 48'.9.     The  general  mean  was  50°.6. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  falls  were  0.80  inch  at 
Truro,  0.78  inch  at  Bolton,  0.76  inch  at  Liverpool  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  o.oi  inch  at  Brighton,  and 
0.03  inch  at  Nottingham  and  Leeds.  No  rain  fell  at 
Sheffield,     The  general  mean  was  0,30  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  26,  the  highest  temperature  was  63% 
at  Perth  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
58^5.     The  general  mean  was  60". I. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  31",  at 
Perth';  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  38".  7. 
The  general  mean  was  35*.3. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  51".!  ; 
and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  48^1.  The  general  mean 
was  50°.  3. 

A*a/«.— The  largest  fall  was  1.49  inch,  at  Aberdeen  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  o.oS  inch,  at  Edinburgh.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.54  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.   F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  Sept.  28,  1S85,  issued  by 
the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria-street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  Yiz.^  been  in  a  change- 
able condition  generally,  and  during  the  greater  part 
of  the  period  it  was  very  cold  for  the  season.  Falls 
of  rain  or  hail  have  been  very  prevalent,  while  in 
many  places  (including  London)  showers  of  snow 
have  occuried. 

The  temperature  has  been  unusually  low  for  the 
time  of  year,  the  deficit  over  the  greater  part  of  Eng- 
land and  in  the  south  of  Ireland  amounting  to  6\ 
The  maxima,  which  were  registered  on  the  22d, 
varied  from  58°  to  62°  in  Scotland  and  Ireland,  and 
from  64°  to  73"  in  England.     During  the  latter  part 


of  the  week  the  maxima  at  many  stations— even  as 
far  south  as  London — did  not  exceed  50°.  The  minima 
were  generally  recorded  'owards  the  end  of  the  period, 
when  the  thermometer  fell  to  25^  in  '*  England,  S.W." 
(at  Llandovery),  and  to  between  28°  and  32'  in  all 
other  districts  except  the  "Channel  Islands,"  where 
the  lowest  reading  was  44^ 

The  rainfall  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands,"  "  Ireland,  S.,"  "Scotland,  W.," 
and  over  central,  southern,  and  north-western  England, 
but  more  elsewhere. 

Bright  sunshine  has  been  more  prevalent  in  most 
districts  than  it  was  last  week,  the  percentages  of  the 
possible  duration  varying  from  29  in  "  Scotland,  N.,*' 
and  37  in  "-Ireland,  N.,"  to  50  in  "England,  E." 

Depressions  observed. — At  the  commencement  of 
the  period  a  large  depression  far  to  the  northward  of 
Scotland  was  moving  away  north-eastwards,  while  the 
barometer  was  highest  over  France  and  our  southern 
coasts.  As  this  disturbance  passed  away  pressure 
decreased  decidedly  in  the  eastern  and  south-eastern 
parts  of  our  area,  where  some  shallow  depressions 
were  formed,  while  it  increased  steadily  in  the  west. 
The  wind,  therefore,  veered  from  the  south-westwaid 
or  westward  to  north  or  north-west  on  our  coasts,  and 
in  many  places  blew  strongly,  with  much  colder 
weather.  These  conditions  continued,  wiih  but  slight 
alteration,  until  the  end  of  the  period,  when  depres- 
sions again  appeared  otl"  our  western  coasts,  and  the 
wind  backed  to  the  southward,  with  rapidly  rising 
temperature. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

^^*  NOTICE. —  •'yVe  shall  feel  obliged  by  our  corre- 
spondents who  may  require  to  have  their  Pears 
named  sending  them  in  a  ripe  condition,  so  as  to 
ensure  accuracy,  and  not  to  send  jnore  than  six- 
varieties  at  one  time. 

Carnations  :  E.  B.  C.  There  are  many  much  belter 
Carnations  in  the  market.  The  colour  of  yours  is  not 
at  all  attractive,  except  as  a  curiosity.  To  "make 
anything  by  them "  you  had  better  apply  to  some 
leading  florist. 

Crocus  Bulbs  Diseased  :  C.  W.  D.  A  reply  shall 
be  given  when  a  careful  examination  has  been  made. 

Fertilisation  :  A.  D.  \V.  asks,  Is  it  possible  for  a 
plant  to  be  imperfectly  fertilised  by  too  small  a  quan- 
tity of  pollen  being  applied  to  the  stigma?  To  this 
we  reply  that  nothing  definite  is  known,  but  the  prob- 
abilities are  that  it  is  so. 

Flower  Garden  in  a  Cold  Spot  :  Pedro.  You  do 
not  say  so  precisely,  but  we  think  you  require  herba- 
ceous plants  of  a  dwarf  habit,  to  flower  from  July 
onwards  to  February.  Useful  (or  the  purpose  are 
Violas  of  all  shades,  the  dwarfer  forms  of  Phlox  decus- 
sata,  dwarf  Honeysuckle,  pegged  down  Roses,  as 
General  Simpson,  Souvenir  de  U  Malmaison,  Madame 
Desprez,  and  others' which  make  long  growth  ;  Fairy 
Roses,  Phlox  setacea,  P.  Nelsoni,  Salvia  patens,  Cam- 
panula puUa,  C.  p.  alba,  C.  carpatica,  Anemone 
Honorine  |oubert,  A.  japonica,  Colchicum  autumnale 
and  C.  grandiflorum,  Ajuga  reptans,  Androsace  hel- 
vetica, A.  lanuginosa,  Statice  Hmonium,  S.  tartarica, 
Plumbago  Larpentas,  Gladiolus  blandus,  Lilium  bulbi- 
ferum,  L.  Thunbergi.  L.  dahuricum,  Aster  Amellus, 
A.  amelloides,  A.  dumosu;,  Helleborus  niger,  Erica 
Menziesia  in  variety,  Fuchsia  coccinea,  Funkia  ovata, 
F.  subcordata,  Gentiana  cruciata,  G.  pneumonanthe, 
Myosolis  in  variety.  Salvia  argentea,  Sedum  fabariura, 
Stachys  lanata,  for  its  leaves  ;  Stokesia  cyanea,  Zauch- 
neria  californica. 

Fungus  :  R.  R.  W. ,  Borden.  The  name  of  the  fungus 
is  Boletus  edulis,  a  well-known  edible  species.  A  book 
on  edible  and  poisonous  fungi  has  been  published  by 
Mr.  Wortbington  G.  Smith.  We  think  Messrs.  Chatto 
&  Windus  are  the  publishers. 

Insects  :  T.  S.  The  caterpillars,  which  are  so  numerous 
at  the  present  time  (in  this  peculiar  season),  and 
which  are  eating  the  roots  of  various  vegetables  just 
under  the  ground,  are  those  of  the  Dart  moth,  Noctua 
(Agrolis)  segetum  and  exclamationis.  Carefully  move 
the  soil  round  the  crown  of  the  drooping  plants,  whfn 
the  grubs  will  be  easily  found,  and  must  be  stampi  d 
out.  /.  a  W.—R.  C.  A.  The  brown  oval  bodies 
found  in  the  dried  cow  manure  are  the  chrysalids  of 
two-winged  flies,  which  have  made  their  escape 
already.  We  found  also  a  very  small  midge,  the 
\b.xmm  of  which  feeds  on  decaying  vegetable  matter  ; 
and  a  number  of  small  while  mites.  A  O.   IV. 

Namrs  of  Plants  —C.  ft.,  Hdm.  Cattleya  Loddi- 
gesii  ;  Oncidium  varicosum  Rogersii. — J.  Ro:e.  1, 
Aristolochia  Sipho  ;  2,  Saxifraga  pellata.  —  A.  C,  C. 
Miltonia  Clowesii.  —  Castle  Eden.  1,  Viburnum 
opulus  ;  2,  a  Hellebore,  but  as  it  is  not  in  flower  we 
cannot  say  which. 

Names  of  Fruits.— 5.  F.  B.  :  i,  Beurrtf  d'Amanlis; 
2,  Triomphe  de  jodoigne  ;  3,  Gansel's  Bergamot  ;  4, 
Duchesse  d  Angouleme  ;  5,  Van  Mons  Leon  le  Clerc  ; 
6,  Louise  Bonne  of  jersey  ;  7,  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  8, 
Beurre  Diel  ;  9,  Flemish  Beauty  ;  10,  Passe  Colmar ; 
II,  not  recognised  ;    12,  Bergamotte  d'Esperen. — T, 


Irvine  &=  Sons.  i  and  3,  Denyer's  Victoria  ; 
Jefferson  ;  4,  Crosse's  Dictator. —  T.  E. — Apple,  Ni 
such;  Plum,  Ickworth  Imperatrice. —  W.  T.  1,  Fon- 
dante  d'Automne  ;  2,  Beurr<^  Diel ;  3.  Vicar  of  Wink' 
field. — H,  Berwick.  Pears:  i,  Beurr(^  d'Amanlis;  2 
Duchesse  d' Angouleme  ;  3,  Verulam  ;  4,  Beurrt^*  Bosc 
5,  Catillac  ;  6,  Clairgeau.  Apples :  i,  Adam's  Pear- 
main  ;  2,  N;w  Hawlhornden  ;  3,  not  recognised  ;  4, 
Warner's  King  ;  5.  Stirling  Castle  ;  6,  New  HaW' 
thornden  ;  7,  seedling— not  Fearn's  Pippin,  not 
like  Barchard's  Seedling. — A*.  Eennesiy  &*  Son. 
largest  Apple.  Gravenstein  ;  2,  long  conical.  Sugar- 
loaf  ;  3,  small  bright  coloured  Hawlhornden. — 
G.  W.  C.  The  Crittenden  Prolific  Damson,  raised 
by  Mr.  Crittenden  of  East  Farleigh.  This  is  the  best 
variety  grown,  i.  New  Hawlhornden  ;  2,  Automne 
Bergamotte  ;  3,  Duchesse  d'Angoulonie  ;  5,  Berga- 
motte Rouge  ;  6,  Fondante  d'Automne ;  unnamed 
Pear,  Beurre  Clairgeau. 

Peak  Leaves  Skeletonised  :  C.  Warden.  The 
leaves  are  eaten  by  the  larv^  of  the  Pear  Saw-fly — 
Tenthredo  Cerasi— which  eats  away  the  soft  part  of 
the  leaf,  so  that  the  veins  and  skm  of  the  lower  side 
only  remain.  For  prevention,  skin  off  the  surface  soil 
under  the  trees,  to  the  depth  ot  3  or  4  inches,  the 
c  >coons  being  found  seldom  deeper  than  that.  Work- 
ing^in  lime  and  soot  would  be  beneficial.  Dusting  the 
grubs  on  the  leaves  with  powdered  caustic  lime,  two 
or  three  times,  at  short  intervals ;  tobacco-water  and 
soft-soap,  are  likewise  good  remedies  apphed  with  a 
syringe. 

Pear  Trees  not  Bearing  :  5.  A.  S.  Your  trees 
must  be  lifted,  and  replanted  in  loamy  soil  ;  and  you 
had  belter,  so*  as  to  save  further  trouble,  put  a  con- 
crete or  cement  floor,  4  feet  square,  under  each  tree  at 
2  feet  deep. 

Stephanotis  floribundus  :  Stephanotis.  It  bears 
fruit  when  grown  in  very  warm  houses,  and  the  pod  is 
very  poisonous.  We  do  not  know  if  the  poisonous 
principle  is  made  any  use  of. 

Ten-Week  Stocks  :  F.  Romer.  Quedlinburg.  The 
Stocks,  which  were  planted  in  a  favourable  position, 
gave  rather  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  double  flowers, 
the  plants  being  dwarf  and  the  spikes  of  good  quality. 
The  colours  were  most  varied  and  pleasing. 

White  Lapageria  :  Perki?is  dr-  Son.  It  is  certainly 
belter  in  most  respects  than  the  old  variety,  the  petals 
having  more  substance,  the  tube  is  slightly  more  ex- 
panded, and  the  petals  somewhat  more  rounded  at 
their  points.  With  regard  to  its  being  freer,  and 
opening  better  than  the  old  variety,  we  rather  think 
these  results  are  due  more  to  management  and  soil 
than  anything  else. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher^  and  NOT 
/*;  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Paul  &  Son,  The  "Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt — Rose 

Catalogue. 
Lambert  &  Reiter,  Triez,  Germany— Trees,  Shrubs, 

and  Roses. 
John  Waterer  &  Sons,  Bagshot,  Surrey— Trees  and 

Shrubs. 
W.    Richardson  &   Co..    North    of   England  Horti- 

cultural  Works,  Darlington — Boilers,  &c. 
MoKLE  &  Co..  I  and  2,    Fenchurch    Street,    E.C.  — 

Dutch  Bulbs.     

COMMLNKATfONS  Recf.ived  :— W.  G.  S.-E.  S.  T.— W.  E.— 
H.  G.  J. -De  B.  C.-A.  H.-T.  S.— J.  Smith.-J.  B.-J.  R. 
— W.  Forbes.— P.  M.— F.  &  A.  D.  &  Soiis.-J.  Rose.— D.  J. 
^B.  PiiTard.  -R.  D.-H.  Correvon.-B.  S.  W.-  A.  B.— 
A.  D.  B.— D.  W.— O.kfield— J.  McL.,  Ayrshire.- A.  M.— 
G.  Wait.— Glasgow  (shortly). 


larhds. 


CO  Vent    garden,     October    i. 

Trade  quieter,    prices   remaining    about   the    same. 
James  Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


-Average  Wholesale  Pric; 


Apples,  per  %■?, 
Damsons,  j4-siev 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
KciiiCobs,  100  1 
Kent  Filberts,  10 
Lemons,  per  case 


..06-30 

25  0-27  6 

lb.25  0-28  o 

, . IS  &-30  o 


Melons,  each            . .  ( 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . .  ' 

Pineapples,  Eng.  ,1b.  : 

—  St.  Michael,  each  : 

Pears,  per  dozen      . .  < 

~  per  J^-sieve       ..  : 

Plums,  %  sieve       . .  : 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  Globe, 
per  dozen  , . 

Aubergines,  each    . . 

Beans,  Eng..  per  lb. 

Beet,  per  dozen 

Brussel  Sprouts,    lb. 

Cabbages,  per  dozen 

Carrots,  per  bunch  . 

Cauliflowers.  Eng- 
lish, per  dozen     .. 

Celery,  per  bundle.. 

Cucumbers,  e.ich     , . 

Endive,  per  dozen  . . 

Garlic,  per  lb. 

Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 


Horse  Radish, 
Pot 


Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  green,  bunch.,  o  , 
Mushrooms,  basket  i  c 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  \ 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  1 
Parsley,  per  bunch.,  o  . 
Peas,  per  quart  ..  1  < 
Radishes,  per  dozen  i  1 
Small   salading,    per 

punnet       ..  ..  o  . 

Spinach,  per  bushel  4  < 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  o  ( 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  o  ( 
Rlarrs.,  each  o 


Vegei 

Magnum  Bonums,  bad  trade.  50^.  to  8w, 
Regents,  60s.  to  %qs.  per  ton. 


444 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


LOCTOBER   3.    18S5. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Avei 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Aralia  Sicboldi,  d< 

Arbor-vita;  l-riAr, 

per  dozen 


-(c< 


(golden)'. 
1).   dozen  6  ■ 


1  Lilies,  dozen 

Chrysanth.,  per  d^ 
Cyper-    — 


Begonia 

Rouvarc 

Chrysanth..  per  doz.  9  c-iS 

Cyperus,  per  dozen..   4  0-12 

Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  . . 10  0-60 


—  viridis,  per  doz. 


Euonymus, 
Evergreens, 


^GE  Wholesale  Prices. 
s.d. 
Ficiis  elastica,  each..  1  6- 
Ferns,  in  var,,  dozen  4  o- 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  per  dozen  3  o- 


.  per 


—  I ongi folium,  doz.  9 
Marguerite       Dai>y, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  8 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6 
Palms      in     variety, 

each  ..  ..2 

Pelargoniums,    scar- 
let, per  dozen       ..   2 


-Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches 

2  0- 

Lilium     longiflorum, 

ArumLihes,  i2blms 

6  0- 

\  n 

12  blooms..          ..  4 

Asters,  12  bunches.. 

4  0- 

i  0 

Marguerites,  12  bun.   3 

Azalea,  12  sprays   . 

2  0- 

Mignonette,   12  bun.   i 

bouvardias,  per  bun 

0  6- 

1  0 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Carnations    per  bun 

6  0- 

Q   0 

trusses        . .          . .   0 

-12  blooms 

1  0- 

—  scarlet,  iz  trusses  0 

Chrysanth.,  12  bims 

I  0- 

6  0 

Rhodanthe,  12   bun.  6 

—  13  bunches 

a  0 

Roses  (indoor),  doz.  1 

Eucharis,    per  dozen 

&  0 

Stephanotis,  12  spr  .    5 

Gardenias,  12  bloom 

"2    0- 

Iropieolum.   12  bun.  1 

Lapageria,  white,  la 

Tuberoses,   12  blms..  0 

2    0- 

ViuteL^,   12    bunches  0 

—  red,  12  blooms  . 

I    0- 

SEEDS, 

LoNDuN  :  Sept.  30— There  is  no  change  worthy  of 
notice  in  the  values  of  farm  seeds  :  the  trade  is  now 
getting  quieter.  Red  Clover  seed  keeps  firm:  the  sup- 
plies ihis  season  will  not  be  abundant.  Very  moderate 
quotations  prevail  for  Trefoil.  Winter  Tares  are  rather 
easier  :  the  inquiry  continues  fairly  good.  Sowing  Rye 
is  steady.  More  money  is  asked  for  Rape  seed.  White 
Mustard  sells  at  last  week's  rates.  There  is  no  variation 
in  the  trade  for  blue  boiling  Peas.  The  new  Haricot 
Beans  are  good,  and  sell  at  reasonable  figures.  The 
new  French  Millet  proves  of  excellent  qualily.  Linseed 
continues  strong.  John  Shaw  b*  Sons,  Seid  Merchants, 
^-j,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


CORN. 


From  Monday's  report  of  business  done  at  Mark 
Lane  we  learn  that  the  receipts  of  English  Wheat  were 
hght,  and  of  foreign  good.  The  former  sold  slowly  at 
rates  on  a  par  with  those  of  the  preceding  Monday,  and 
foreign  realised  a  partial  advance  of  6d.  Flour  main- 
tained steady  value,  Beans  advanced  6d.  on  the  week,  and 
Maize  was  firmly  held.  Grinding  Barley  met  a  moderate 
demand  at  steady  value  ;  middling  grades  of  English 
malting  Barley  were  rather  lower.  Oats  were  not 
quotably  altered  as  regards  prices,  but  there  was  rather 
i.^ore  lone  in  the  trade.  Peas  and  Lentils  continued 
unaltered. — On  Wednesday  the  tendency  was  against 
the  sellers  of  both  English  and  foreign  Wheat.  For 
flour  the  market  was  quiet  and  unchanged.  Barley, 
Beans,  and  t^eas  sold  in  retail  quantity  at  unaltered 
rates.  Oats  were  steady  in  value,  with  moderate  sales. 
Maize  was  held  for  late  value. — Average  prices  ot  corn 
for  the  week  ending  Sept.  26;— Wheat,  30J.  lod.  ; 
Barley.  31J.  ;  Oats,  191.  ^d.  For  the  corresponding 
period  last  year  : — Wheat,  33J.  ;  Barley,  32J.  2rf.  ;  Oats, 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  last  an  unusually 
large  supply  of  cattle  was  on  offer,  the  bulk  of  it  of 
middling  qualities,  which  were  consequently  a  dull 
dragging  sale,  at  rates  in  favour  of  buyers.  Really 
prime  qualities  from  their  scarcity  realised  comparatively 
firm  prices.  Sheep  were  also  a  full  supply,  and  fat 
coarse  sorts  sold  slowly  at  easier  rates.  Calves  were  a 
dull  sale.  The  pig  trade  was  steady.  Quotations  : — 
Beasts,  31.  lod.  \o  .\s.  6d.,  and  4J.  8d.  to  5J.  2d.  ;  calves, 
English,  41.41/.  to  4J.  lod.:  Irish,  2s.  6d.  to  y.;  sheep, 
3r.  8./.  to  4_r.  4(/..  and  4s.  lod.  to  $s.  6d.:  pigs,  \s.  to 
4J.  8d. — On  Thursday  trade  was  quiet,  and  Monday's 
prices  were  not  maintained  without  difficulty.  Business 
in  sheep  was  very  quiet,  and  inferior  sorts  ruled  in 
buyers'  favour.  Calves  were  dull,  and  pigs  decidedly 
lower. 

HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  the 
weather  checked  the  trade,  which  was  dull.  Quotations  : 
— Clover,  prime,  8oj.  to  iioj.  ;  prime  second  cut,  85J. 
to  107J. ;  inferior,  60s.  to  751. ;  hay,  prime,  6$s.  to  92J.; 
inlerior,  361.  to  6oj.  ;  and  straw,  28i.  to  39^.  per  load. — 
On  Thursday  there  was  a  moderate  supply  on  sale.  The 
trade  was  quiet,  and  prices  were  easier  for  straw  (29J.  to 
31J.).  —  Cumberland  Market  quotations  :  —  Clover, 
best,  95J.  to  I02J.  6d.  ;  second,  60s,  to  90J. ;  hay,  best, 
80J.  to  90J.  ;  second,  50J.  to  yos.  ;  new,  6-js.  to  8oj.  ; 
and  straw,  30^.  to  361.  per  load. 


POTATOS. 


The  Borough  and  Spitalftelds  Markets  reports  state 
that  best  qualities  maintained  fairly  steady  value,  inferior 
sorts  being  dull  and  irregular.  Quotations  :— Regents, 
60s.  to  801.  ;  Magnum  Bonums.  505.  to  8oj.  ;  Early 
Roses,  7or.  to  8oj.  ;  Hebrons,  loos.  to  iio^.  per  ton. — 
The  imports  into  London  last  week  consisted  of  182  bags 
from  BotUogne,  12,253  from  Hamburg,  70  barrels  5 
baskets  from  Rotterdam,  and  1336  sacks  from  Stettin. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quahty 
and  Pi-oductive  Powers. 


s. 

d. 

Supplied  in  Tins,     1 

0  each. 

0 

6    „ 

I)            II       "^ 

0    „ 

Or  in  Bags,  icwt.  12 

0  per  Bag. 

„        4    „    20 

0       „ 

1    H    37 

6       „ 

Special  Prices  to  the  Trade 

on  app'.ication 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

G A R D E N  Te QUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

41/.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 
401. ;  4 -bushel  bags,  4^.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  2s*.  ;  sacks,  ^d,  e.'ich, 

BLACK  FIBROU3  PEAT,  %s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  11s.  :  sacks, 
4.i  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  11.  9</.  per  bushel;  155.  per  half 
ton.  26J   per  ton  in  a-bushet  bacs,  \d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  15   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.-H.  0.  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 


12-oz.  Sainple  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Slove  Plants.  &c.,  .£661.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  fleaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151, 
per  Ion  per  Truck,  Sample  Bag,  5J.  ;  5  Bacs.  22J-  td.  ;  to  Bags, 
451.  Bag*  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  6rf.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Station.        Hants. 


pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE.— Best 

Vy  and  fre'-h  only,  u.  per  bag;  15  bagc:,  \is.  \  30  bags, 
221  .  sent  to  all  pans:  trucks,  zjj..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM.— A.  FUULON,  32.  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  E.C. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fiy,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tites  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  lo 
supersede  it.      Boxes,  is-,  3J.,  and  loj.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td  and  \s  ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

J.  B.  BROWN  &  CoTs 

SEPTEMBER  PRICE  LIST. 


"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE    NETTING. 

THREE    OOI.D    IWEDAI^a. 

Vy'RO  U  G  HT-IRO  N     HURDLES. 

"DAR  and  WIRE  FENCING  and  GATES 
"PSPALI  ER  and  WALL   WIRING. 

G 


ALVANIZED      IRON      ROOFING 

SHEETS. 


BLACK  VARNISH,  for  Coating  Ironwork, 
Is.  6d.  a  Gallon,  carriage  Paid. 

STEEL 
FENCING 


J.    B.  BROWN  &  CO., 

Offices :     90,     CANNON     STREET,      E.G. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


J. 


The  above  Labels  are  made  of  a  White  MeUl,  with  raised 


The  G.irdcriers'  Magazine  says  : — '*  We  must  give  these  the 
)alni  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 


HORTIcnLTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


t     S 


JAMES    BOYD    &    SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HEATING  ENGINEERS. 

PAISLEY. 

LONDON  OFFICE  :    48,  PaU  Mall,  S.W. 


O  50 


n 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYINQ  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES  and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


445 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    EC 


H     lASCELLES    and    CO     will    give    eu.males    fc 
vciy   d<b  iipiion   of   HOK  1 ICULTU RAL   WOKk,  liee  ( 
hirge.  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 
LASCKLLEV    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  m  vatiou 
olours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  piices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
^Illustraled    1  isis  of    Wooden    Buildings,    Greenhouses,    an 
ronsetvatories,  and  Concrete  blabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stage; 
ent  post-tree  <  n  application. 


Th. 
Fram 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

are   wiih.»ut  exception  the   most    useful  kind  of 


the  boxe!> 


sa-thes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
r>g-ihcr  wiih  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  tew  minutes,     h  ze-;  and  prices,  carriage  paid  lo  any  sutiOD 
iD  England,  ready  glazi^d  and  painted:  — 

0  'etft  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     i,-2  15     o 
12  ieet  long,  4  feel  wide,         ,,  ,,         „  4  15     o 

6  fret  long,   5  feet  wiuc ,  3    '5     o 

12  teei  long,    5  (eet  wide,  ,,  ,,  „  6   10     o 

i  he  g'as«;  is  naileH  anH  ruitied  in. 


CO., 


R.      HALUDAY      & 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Fngineei 

ROYAL  HtJKTlCULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

RICHARDSON'S 


Numerous  Medals.  ^'^^Ox^v^,^    CATALOGUE 

NORTH  Of    ENGLAND     ^~\<fr  ^~"\^      ''"■ 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,         ^~\J^O 

DARLINGTON 

C.  G.  FRAZER  &  CO,, 

Horticultural  Builders,  Norwich, 


THREE  QUARTER  SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSES 
made  in  lights,  glazed  with  21-oz  glass,  and  painted  three 
coats  of  good  oil  colour.  Tenants'  Fixtures.  15  feet  by  10  feet. 
£15  i8j.  ;  fir  Rrickwo-k,  £.11. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and 
Wales:  also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow.  Dublin,  and  BeKast. 

Illustrated    Catalogues   of  Greenhouses   and    Frames,    post- 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
"GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 


Loughbi 

15  miles  of  L( 

station  in  Erg 


Bridge,   or  delivered  carnage  fre- 

£25. 

LARaER  SIZES,  complete  as  above. 


12  ft.  by  i 

£28.  £35  103.  £44  lOs.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  ff  C.nstrvalories,  Or. 
houses,  &c  ,  with  Prices  for  Electing  and  heatn^,  FR 
ON  APPLICATK  N. 

Surveys  made  and  Plans  and  Etimates  Free. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

''st'^S  E.c""}  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S     PATENT, 

for  Greenliouses,  Bedrooms   &c 

Pure  and  ample  Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
I./.,  without  attention,  I'.imphkt  and  authenticated 
lestimonials  sent.       In  use  daily  at  Patentee's— 

THOMAS    BOBERTS, 
112.  Victoria  Street,  W^estminster,  S.W. 

The    Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler, 

Recently  Improved   and  Reduced  in  Price 

Also  Makers  o(  all  other  kii.J,  ol   lioiler^  l.-r  lli;,l...i>. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  desciiption  for  Heating  Afp.itatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


:%LASSSeUSES&«EATING? 


B.W.WA-R«raST 


L31a,  BEAOTORT  street,  CHELSEA,  S.W.( 


■^ 

F 

OR 

SALE, 

a 

PEACH 

RANGE, 

90  feet   by    12  fee* 

6  1 

nchts,     and     it 

feel  high,    wi.h 

Tries 

and  Piping,  in 

th 

ee  comparttnen 

s.     Apply, 

I.  P 

EDWARDS 

c, 

oiby  Court.  No 

thallerton. 

Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATUS 

Most  efficient  and  cheapest  ni  exist, 
Requires   1.0  sunk   st.  k=h.lc;    will 
I  i^hi    without    attention  ;     wi.l    burn 
cinders  ;    costs  nothing  for  fuel  ;     is  a  tena 
fixture  ;     any    one    can    lix    it  ;    a    d  1  es 
servant  csn  stoVe  it.    Price  of  Bodcr  to  heat 

55  feet  4-lncti  Pipe   .    £2  lOs 
110  feet  4-lnch  Pipe   ..  £3  I63 
200  feet  4-lncti  Pipe   .    £i  7b  6d 
Complete  Apparatus,  with  2  rows 

4-liich  Pipe,  from  £4  123.  6d 


The 


UHlei 


appal 


particulars  and  prices  ol  every  sized  Apparat 
post-free  The  only  stow  combustion  apparat 
of  the  kind. 
Bc-.tiare  0/ incomplete  iiielTcienl  af'Pi    1/ 
•which  luiil  not  last  alt  iiishl. 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hiil  Foundry, 
Newcastle.  Staffordshire. 

4-inch  EXPANSION-JOINT  HOT- WATER 

K*  PIPES,     IS.    id.    per    yartl  ;    3-inth    and 

iLffla™—       ,.i„ch     less.    Common    SOCKET    kinils. 

atfte  stock  kept.    COIL,   FINsBURY, 


free. 

HENRY  ROBINSON,  Sttwkins  Pipe  Works,  StouibritJge. 

August  34.  iS8v— Burton-on-Trent  customer  s'ates,  "the 
bjiler  and  httin^s  I  got  from  you  three  or  four  J  ears  ago  have 
answ.red  w,ll  " 

Another  says  :— "Kindly  send  me  an  estimate  for  small  Heat 
ing  Apparat  us  of  same  kind  asihe  threealieady  supplied  to  me  " 
Liitle.ver    Delby,  August  25    1885 

CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS   THE   PRINCE   OF  WALES. 

15.00Q  OF  THE  Nobility,  Gbntrv,  and  Clkrgv. 

Is  extensivelv  u^ed  fur  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouse?,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-'ree. 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

LOND'DN.  EC.  : 

31  and  21,  BACHELOR'S  WAI  K.  DUBLIN. 

Discount  for  Cash. 


CROMPTON  &  FAWKES,    Chelmsford. 


WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "Endless-Flame-Impact" 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

Medal  at  Philadelphia  U.S.  International  Exhibiti  n. 
Medal  at  Christiania  Exhibition,  Norioay, 
Medal  at  Alexandra  Palace  International,  London. 
Highest  Award  at  Carlisle  International  Exhibition,  for 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

Admitted  by  the  entue  Trade,  alter  public  and  formal 
challenges,  to  be  the  most  ecomjmicai.  of  ptJEL.  the  most 
POWERPUL.  the  simplest,  and  the  cheapest  Hot-water  Boiler 
in  the  Market. 

Prices  greaily  reduced.  Our  new  nett  Price  List,  giving  full 
details,  will  be  handed  to  all  en  application.     Over  5C0  in  use 

WRIGHT'S  BOILER  CO.,  Boiler  Works,  A  rdrie,  N.B. 


feet  boxi 


,  and  all    Miscellaneous 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  s 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar    current    sizes  of    16-OZ.    glast 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glassi 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    Sc    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 


Slock  Lit 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  lit/,  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Cooserva'ories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  C.ieenhouses,  6</. 
per  lb.,  or  421.  per  c*l.  — B.  LAM  B  and  CO..  Cass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W,C. 

ARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Cork,     Raffii    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Worlf,   Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  and  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.Ci 


446 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  3,  1885. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


4  Lines 

5  „ 

6  „ 

7  „ 

8  „ 

9  » 

10  „ 

11  ,, 

12  „ 

13  „ 

14  ,, 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two, 

15  Lines. ..^o     8 


■Lo 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


o    9 
o    9 

O     lO 


o 

12 

o 

12 

o 

1.3 

o 

13 

t  across  columns,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  30J. 

Page  ^900 

Half  Page 500 

Column        350 


GARDENERS,  aad  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  \s.  fid.,  and  (ui.   for  every  additional  line 
[about  9  words)  or  pan  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NO T It E.— Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-ojfices,  as 
alt  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlwrities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Ukaths  and  Marriages.  55.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current   zveek   MUST  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  i\   3s.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months.  Us.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6s 

Foreign   (exceptinc    India    and    China)  :    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  lor  12  Months  ;    Indui  and  China,  f  1  83.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


PtiBLiSHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

GOLD   MEDAL    AJVARDED 

from  the  International  Exhibition,  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

for  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSK,    E.ASTVILLK,    BRISTOL. 


PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

ewestand  most  wonderful 

DISCOVERY. 

Cures   perfectly,    without 

cdicine.  a  1  such  diseasjs 

Broiich.tis,     Whooping 

3ugh,      Influenza,       Hay. 


,  Diphthc 


,  &c. 


2s.  3d.  per  box, 

with  1,  II  dirtciions  for  use. 
?ol.l  by  all  Chemists  and 
Paient  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  seit  direct  [where  it 
cannot  leadily  be  obtained). 


Jiptc 


any  part  of  ihe 


iild. 


ddnss— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 

iveiitor.  Patentee  and  Sole 
Manufacturer, 

9,  Donegal  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKIEY 

(lH/SI/    and   SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  i  Id,  3J.  td.  bottle  :  42J.  dozen. 
■■  Special  Jury  "  whiskey,  7  ye.rj  old.  4^.  bcttle;  4SS.  dozen. 
"Grand  Jury "  Whiskey | ^3  y-s old,  5.  bottle ;  6o.doz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  ouhe  excellence  of  his  Whiskies  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  la  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  \  art  of  the  Uiiied  Kingdcm  upon  receipt  of : 

W.    J.    JVRt,    Belfast. 


T/ie  LaaiW  Gazt^tte  of  Fashion  for  Sept..  18S5.  says  :— "  For 
e.-ilness,  durability,  and  appearance,  we  can  most  sitongly  re- 
immend  ihem    .  .  .  They  combine  every  f  auc  of  exc<  I  ence." 

For  the  Autumn  and  Winter.    Warm  and  Durable. 

DEVONSHIRE  SERGE 

SAILOR  SUITS 

VI 7.,    Blou.'-e,     Knickerbocker*;, 

Singlet,  Collar.  Badge.  L11  y ^rd. 

ani     Whistle,    strong     qndhty, 

from  7^.,  Carriage  Paid 

Fit  and  satisfaction  guaranteed, 

or  money  returned. 

Gills'  Naval  Costumes  ^ame 

price  as  Boys' 

Also  Galatea  and  Jersey  Suit-, 

and     Costumes.    ladies'    Dress 

Serges,   Cashmeres.  Velveteens. 

and  Undtrcloihing,  direct  frmi 

*■  price.  Write  for  1  llustrated  Lists. 
Pattevns  and  Measurement  Forms  poit free,  from 

The  Midland  Manufacturing   Company,   Dudley, 

Please  mention  this  paper. 


IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


CA  TALOGUE  Free 


Please  name  this  pafer 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORI.'\    WORKS,      \VOLVERH.\MPTON  ; 

And  13Q  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.G. 

Rosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in  maieiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th«y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"    Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  I.tJOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FoXLEV'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAvTnG  TILES, 
for  Con-ervatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c., 
from  3J.  per  'iQuare  yard  upwards.  Paturn  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  f'^r  selection. 

WHllE    GL.aZEU    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  vatiety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


ILVER  SAND, 

:  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Tod 


Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  dii 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample;  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  cr  Ferneries 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  a 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Re/^stered  Trade  Mark  ) 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  (or  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  woik,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  ar,d  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  15.  dd.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  \s.  &d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"  Fierce  fie /a  Park,  June  at,  1S76.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwai  led  from  Chepstow  to  your  adaress  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  1  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.  — I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  ■' 

CA  i'T/O.V.  — Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Custcmers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 

H.  &  S.  's  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  ihe  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  leceive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca-'k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  StafTordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 

Eaffla  Fibre. 

J     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  have  a  large 
•     Stock,  and  are  offering  at  reduced  price;.     Samples  and 
particulars  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  E  C. 


Russian  Mats. 
T     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  are  offering 

O  •  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
yens  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAI'  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  applicat^oi. 

4  and  5,  Wormwooa  Street.  Londur.  F.C. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 

YORKSHIRE. 


TO    THE    TRADE. 


C0RRY,80PER,  FOWLER  &  CO. 

DRIED     FLOWERS, 

COLOURED   GRASSES  and  BOUQUETS, 

PAMPAS         PLUMES, 

BULRUSHES,     PALMS, 

WREATHS     and      CROSSES 

(in  Dried  Flowers,  Metal,  and  Porcelain,  in  great  variety),  also 

WREATH  and  CROSS  CASES, 

in  all  the   New   Palletns. 
An  Inspection  Solicited. 


13,    FINSBURY    STREET, 

LONDOISr,     E.C. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOK    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conaervatorlea, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c., 

at  extremely  moderate  p>ices. 
Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 

WANTED,  a  G  A  R  D  E  N  E  R.— Must 
thorouchly  understand  his  worlc  and  be  competent  to 
look  after  one  Horse.  A  permanent  siiualion  to  a  trustworthy 
and  industrious  man.  — Apply  by  letter,  statine  age  and  wages 
required,  to  W.  WILLETT,  43.  Rosery  Gardens,  Ken- 
sington. S.W. 


WANTED,    a    good    WORKING     GAR- 
DENER.—Single ;  an  abstainer  and  Ch.islian  desir..d. 
—  H.,  S,    Lexham  Gardens,    Kensington,    S.W.      Call  before 

ANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER,  for 

general  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden  Work,  with  a 
knowledge  of  Houses  .ind  Potting.  Wages  i8i.  No  bothy. 
State  age,  {tc.  —  F.  ORCHARD.  The  Gardens,  Abington 
Hall,  near  Cambridge. 

WANTED,'  a  WORKING  GARDENER, 
who  thoroughly  understands  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Garden,  the  Management  of  a  Greenhouse,  Cows,  and  Poultry. 
Underman    kept.  —  Rev.    J.    L.    ERRINGTON,    Midgham, 


WANTED,  at  Castle  Menzies,  an  UNDER 
GARDENER.  Required  to  Sing  Tenor  in  Episcopal 
Church.  -  ALAN  HUTCHINSON,  Camserney  Cottage, 
Aberfeldy,  Perthshire. 

WANTED,  by  October  1 1,  a  married  man, 
as  WORKING  FOREMAN,  who  is  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  Nur.ery  Work,  good  Propagator,  and  a  good  hand 
at  Budding  and  Grafting.  Vinery  at.d  Forcing  Pit,  &c.,  to 
attend  to.  Must  be  steady.  Good  character  indispensable. 
Wages  2of.  per  week.  Cottage  and  garden  found.  —  A, 
DUCKERING  and  SONS,  Nurserymen,  &c.,  East  Barkwiil., 
Wragby,  Lincolnshire. 

WA N TE D,  aT^cKKT  PrT) PAGATOR  and' 
GROWER,  ussd  to  Market  VVork.  A  man  of 
energy,  ability,  and  good  character.  Wages  3or.  Also  a 
SECOND  HAND.  Wages  joi.-ALPHA.  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  ntli;e,  4r.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Rose  Grower  and  Propagator. 

WANTED,  an  expert  GRAFTER  under 
Glass,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Budding  an.l  of 
Forcing  Blooms  for  Market,  and  be  able  to  execute  Orders 
expeditiously.  Good  references  expected. — State  full  particu- 
lars, age.  and  wages  required,  to  H.  BENNETT,  Pedigree 
Rose  Nursery,  Shepperton.  Middlesex. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  well  up  in  the 
Growing  and  Producing  Flowers  in  quantity,  such  as 
Eucharis,  Bouvardias,  Gardenias,  Roses,  &c. — Address,  stating 
age.  where  previously  employed,  and  wages  expected. — ISAAC 
BUSH,  Beechfleld  Nursery,  Bowdon. 

WANTED,  a  MAN  and  WIFE,  without 
children,  to  live  in  a  Gentleman's  Lodge.  Man  to 
Work  under  the  Head  Gardener.  Wife  to  attend  to  the  Lodge 
Gate.— Apply  by  letter  only,  to  HEAD  GARDENER,  Silver- 
lands,  Chertsey,  Surrey. 


October  3,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


447 


Nursery  Trade. 

WANTED,  lor  a  Small  Nursery  and 
Market  Garden,  an  active,  experienced  WORKING 
MAN,  to  take  entire  charge.  A  good  Salesman  with  a  know- 
ledge of  Kose  Growing  will  be  preferred. — Apply,  with  full 
particul-^s,  and  wages  required,  to  F.  W.,  Garderten'  ChyontcU 
UfSce,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  respecUble  YOUTH,  who  has 
had  two  or  lh.ee  year='  e.<penence  in  the  Retail  Seed 
Trade. — State  age,  wages  asked,  &c.,  A.  B.  C,  Gardeneri 
Chronicle  Office.  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

tlorlst's  Apprentice 

WANTED,   for  above,   good  Class  Trade, 
indoors.    Premium  lequ  red. — A.  BRAY,  Floral  Depot, 
Richmond. 

WANTED,a  Strong  PORTER,  accustomed 
to  the  Wholesale  Seed  Trade.— Addre.s  in  own  hand- 
writing, A.  d.  C.  Gardeners  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANT    PLACES. 

BEN  REID  AND  CO.,  Seedsmen,  Aberdeen, 
have  a  number  of  HKAD  and  JOURNEYMEN  GAR- 
DENERS ontheu  Register, acd  can  recommend  piaclical,  ener- 
getic, and  reliable  Men  to  any  parties  in  want  of  Scotch  Gardeneis. 

SCOTCH  GAR  D^E  N  E  R  S. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Gardeners,  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters, 

JAMES  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respeciability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  —  Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

O^LANDED     PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

McIntvee  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.  Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


c  o. 


U  I  C  H  A  R  D      SMITH     AND 

Wi  beff  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seelcing  situations,  and  ihaC 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

B.  LAIRD  ancT  SONS  (Successors  tothe 

•  late  Firm  of  DowNlE  &  Laird)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wiih  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCO  I  CH  GAR- 
DENERS, whose  character  and  abilities  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Establishments  or  Single-handed 
Situations  ;  also  FOREMEN,  UNDER  GARDENERS,  and 
FARM   BAILIFFS.— 17,  Frederick  Street,  Edmbureh. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 

/■ '' ARDENER  (HEAD),  on  a  first-class  estate  ; 

V^  any  time  after  October. — Age  32;  seventeen  years' 
practical  experience  in  ihe  profession.  Wages  about  Cio  a 
year  with  house,  &c.— E.  C,  4,  Sunningdale  Villas,  Foskett 
Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

/"^ARUENER   (Head).— Age    29  ;    fourteen 

V^  years'  experience.  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  profes- 
sion, including  Orchids.  First-class  references  from  leading 
establishments.  —  CHARLES  SMITH,  36.  Kingsgate  Road, 
Kilburn.  N.W. 

/4.AKDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— J.  White- 

VJ  HURST,  Gardener  to  C.  F,.  Baring  Young,  Esq.,  can. 
wilh  every  confidence,  recommend  his  Foreman  (H.  Buckland) 
as  a  thorough  practical  man.  Fourteen  years'  experience, 
most  trustworthy,  and  fully  competent  to  Manage  a  good 
establishment.- The  Gardens.  Oak  Hill.  East  Barnet,  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married, 
one  child.  — Colonel  Gascoigne  wishes  strongly  to 
recommend  his  Herd  Gardener,  who  has  lived  with  him  for  six 
years.  Thoroughly  understands  Management  of  Hothouses 
and  all  other  Gardening.  Disengaged  November  i-  Near 
London  or  Eastern  Counties  preferred.  —  A.  WIGGETT, 
Colonel  Gascoigne's,  Crowood.  Hungerfoid. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  25, 

single  ;  understands  Vine?,  Melons,  Peaches,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  — F.  S., 
Wargrave,  Henley-on-Thames. 

ARDENER  (Head^  Working).— Age  30, 

married  ;  sixteen  years*  practical  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  profession.  Three  years'  guod  character. — 
R._T.,  7,  Barclay  Street.  Camden  Town,  N.W.  

GARDENER  "(He"ad  Working).— Age  35, 
married  ;  thoroughly  expierienced  in  all  branches  ol  his 
business;  abstainer.  Good  persona!  character.— GARDENER, 
Oak  Lodge,  Addison  Road.  Kensinglon.  W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
more  are  kept. — Thoroughly  experienced  in  Early  and 
Late  Forcing  of  Fiuit,  Cut  Flowers,  Stove  and  GieEnhouse 
Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  and  Land  and  Stock. — 
A.  C.  23.  Salisbiirv  Road.  Upper  Holloway,  London.  N. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age^ 
thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  profession 
—  Eaily  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fiuil,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables', 
thoroughly  understands  Orchids.  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Planls.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Highly  recommended 
from  last  and  previous  employers.— E.  VARNEY,  Chackmore, 
Buckingham. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE- 

MAN  on  a  Gentleman's  e*tale.-Age  25,  single  ;  well 
up  in  Stove  Plants,  Fruit  Forcing,  and  all  branches  of  Garden- 
ing. Good  character.  — F.  PILCHER.  3,  Mi  uliner  Terrace, 
Putney  Bridge  Road,  Putney,  S  W. 

ARDENER   (HEAD'~WoRKING7~or  ^good 

Single-handed).  —  Age  27,  single  ;  ihoroughly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches.  First-dass  references.— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exmouth,  Devon. 


GARDENER    (Head),   where    several    are 
kept  (or  no  objection  to  gooa  Single-h.\nded).  — Married 
when  suited.— J.  S.,  Winkfield.  near  Windsor,  Beiks. 

GARDENER.— Age  32,  marriedT^thoroughly 
experieiced  in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Vines, 
Peaches.  Melons,  Flower  rnd  Kitchen  Garden,  &c.  Excellent 
character.— J.  MARSH,  The  Park.  Catford  Bridge.  Kent.  S.E. 

G~  ARDEN'E'R.'^Age^^  marriedTone  child 
(age  4)  ;  fourteen  yeais'  experience  in  all  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Five  years  in 
present  situation.  Highly  recommended.  —  J.  F.,  Cedars 
Lodge,  The  Green,  Tottenham,  Midd lesex.  

GARDENER,  where  two  or  more  are  kept. 
Accustomed  to  Glass,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens. 
Has  been  all  his  life  Gardening.  Good  character  from  previous 
places.  Three  and  a  half  years  at  Ashlyus,  Great  Berkhamstead 
(present  situation);  only  leaving  owing  to  change  of  residence 
of  family.-O.  GILBERT,  A^hlyns  Lodge,  Great  Berkham- 
.:.  _  .i_  _._    gfgrgfices  to  F.  W.  Longman,  Esq..  Ashlyns. 


stead.     Futthei 


G 


GARDENER  (SlNGLE-HANDED).-Age  36, 
married,  2  children  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Flower 
and  Kilch^  Gardening.  Two  and  a  halt  years'  character  in 
last  place,  and  6  years'  in  previous.  — 14,  Verdun  Street,  Hyde 
Park  Road,  Leeds. 

r:' ARDE N ER~(Secondj:-^A^  26  releven 

Vj  years"  experience  in  good  establishments.  Two  years 
in  present  situation— A.  M.,  The  Gardens,  Halstead  Place, 
Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

:j.ARDEN£R   (Second  or  Third),   where 

eral  are  kept.— Age  2i  ;  under  Glass  preferred.— Well 
ded   by  Col.  FARyUHAR,   Park  Place,  Widsham, 


/  1  ARDENER  (Under,  or  Single-handed). 

V-^  —Age  24  ;  ten  years*  cvpciience.  Two  years'  character 
from  present  place.  —  E.  G..  Flint  Cotu-iges,  Stone,  Dartford. 

/^ARDENER     (Under),    Outdoor.  — 

VT  Mr.  Rl'SSELL  can  with  confidence  tecommtnd  a  young 
man  (age  21)  as  above.  — Mr.  RUSSELL,  Distillery  House, 
Wandsworth,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Assistant),  in  a  good  place. 
—Age  24,  single  :    fair  PUntsman.     Excellent  character. 
—  DAVIDSON,  Southlield,  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 

IpOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — 
Three  years  as  Foreman  in  last  situation.  Well  recom- 
mended by  previous  employers  —A.  S  ,  8,  Rutland  Road, 
Catford,  Kent.  S.B. 

FOREMAN.  — Mr.  Landon,  Pool  Bank, 
New  Ferry.  Biikenhead.  can  confidently  recommend  his 
Foreman,  E.  Uipet,  who  has  been  with  him  two  years  ; 
thoroughly  practical  and  Irustworthv. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment- 
Age  27  :  well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Can 
be  well  recommended  from  last  and  previous  places.  — EDWARD 
KIRK,  Leadenham.  Grantham,  Liiiculiishire 


ipOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  28  :  fourteen  years'  good  practical  experience  in 
all  branches.  Can  be  well  recommended.  Three  >eirs  in 
present  place.— W.  CRAWFORD,  School's  Hill,  Cheadle, 
Cheshire. 

FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR,  or 
GROWER. — Age  33;  seventeen  years' practical  experi- 
ence in  Wreaths,  Crosses.  Bouquets,  Cut  Flower  and  Plant 
Trade,  also  Grapes,  Cucumbers.  Tomatos.  &c.  Good  refer- 
ences—FLORIST.  Park  Road.  Ayleston  Park,  Leicester. 

FOREMAN  and  PRUPAGATOR  (Indoor)! 
—Age  ^8,  married  ;  twelve  years'  experience  in  Tea 
Roses,  Clematis,  Bouvardias,  Polnsettias,  Solanums,  &c.  First- 
rate  at  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  &c.  Highest  references— A.  B., 
Langton  Green,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN,  SALESMAN,  &c. 
—  Being  about  to  relinquish  my  engagement  with  Messrs. 
Cutbush  &  Sons,  I  am  open  to  treat  with  any  Nurseryman  requir- 
ing the  above.  Have  been  with  the  above  firm  over  seventeen 
years.-J.  COWARD,  The  Nurseries,  Highgate,  N. 


MANAGER,  or  FOREMAN,  in  Market 
NURSERY.— Good  Grower  of  Pot  StufT  and  Cut 
Blooms.  In  large  business.— D.,  3,  South  Villas,  Rye  Road, 
Hoddesdon,  Herts. 

C^ROWER^  F'0RE\IAN,  in  a  smalllvlarket 
^      Nursery.— Age  22  ;  eight  years' experience.    Good  tesii- 
monials — A.  ^L.  iq,  Liquorpond  Street,  Boston,  Lincolnshire. 

P^  ROPAGATOR  (Fore.man)."— Long  e.xperi- 
ence  of  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers, 
Plants,  market  or  otherwise.  Good  references. — T.  H.,  86, 
Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn  Grove,  Penge.  S.E. 

To  Nursen  men  and  Florists 

PROPAGATOR    and     GROWER.— G.    A. 

Good  Cucumber  and  Tomato  (Irower.  and  all  kinds  of  Plants 
for  Market.— W.  LEE.  53,  Hither  Green  Lane.  Lewisham, 
Kent. 


PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER,  in  Nursery. 
—Age  26  ;    quick  at  Potting  and  Tying.      Can  be  recom- 
mended^—W_PORT\jaJSolto^^ 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Indoor).— Age  23  ;  seven 
year..,'  experience;  good  references;  near  London  pre- 
ferred—JOHN  WINSER.  Post  Office,  Plummet's  Plain. 
Horsham. 

PROPAGATOR  (Indoor),  of  Conifers, 
Rhododendrons,  Roses,  Clematis,  and  General  Nursery 
Stuff. — Long  experience.  Good  relerence. — Address,  stating 
business,  to  A.    B.,    Belle  Vue  Cottage,  St.  John's,    Woking, 

To  Nurserymen! 

PROPAGATOR  (Assistant,  Indoor),  in  a 
good  Nursery.— Age  iS;  active  and  willing.  Good 
character.  Wages  moderate.- A.  HILTON.  Barnham,  Bognor, 
Sussex. 

WREATH  and  BOUQUET-MAKER,  or 
SOFT-WOODED  PROPAGATOR.- Age  26  ;  suc- 
cessful in  Rose  Growing,  Grafting,  and  Budding.  Two  and 
a  half  years  in  the  houses  of  Cranston's  Nurseries.  First-class 
testimonials.— H.  PITT,  Hepphill  Cottage,  Lugwardine,  near 
Hereford. 


TOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  21  ; 

'-*  two  years  in  piesent  place.  Gord  reference.-D.  CRACK- 
NELL.  Cannon  Hall  Garden.  B..rnsley,  Yorkshire. 

I  OURNEYMAN.— J.  McNAlR.TheGardens, 

O  Ham  Hall,  Ashbourne,  would  be  glad  to  secure  for  a 
pushing  young  man  a  situation  as  above. — Address  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;   age  21.— 

O  H  LoiTH.  Gardener,  Syndale  Park,  Faversham,  lan 
strongly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above  ;  has  served  on  these 
gardens  upwards  of  two  years. 


TMPROVER,    in    a   Gentleman's   garden.— 

J-  Age  18  ;  two  years'  experience.  Total  abstainer.  — 
T.  TV N PALL.  Castle  Stream.  Dursley,  Gloucestershire. 

TMPROVER    (Indoor),    in  a  good  Market 

■^  Nursery.— Age  30  ;  has  a  good  insight.  Good  character. 
—  E.  HINTON,  Langton  Green.  Tunbridge  Wells. 

TMPROVER.— A    Lady    is    interested    in   a. 

-I-  young  Gardener,  who  has  worked  111  her  Garden  for 
ten  years.  She  wants  him  to  work  under  a  first-class  Head 
Gardener  to  Learn  his  Business  more  perfectly.  Excellent 
character.-Answer  to  Mrs.  W.,  Messrs.  Pawsey  &  Hayes, 
Booksellers,  Ipswich. ^_____ 

'VO  NURSERYMEN,— A  young  man  (age23) 

-L      seeks  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  under  glass,   where  things 


lursery  »  _        . 

grown  extensively  for  Market.      Thoroughly   experienced. 
Could  Manage  a  small  charge,  and  can  produce  good  references. 


-A.  B.,  Nine  Elrr 


,  Be'lg 


,  Willing,  Ke 


TO  NURSERYMEN.  —  Wanted,  by  a 
respectable  young  man.  age  23,  a  situation  in  the  Houses 
eight  years  in  last  place  ;  good  character.  State  wages.— A.  S. 
8.  Gatteridge  Street.  Banbury,  O.xon. 

fno       N  U  RSERYME  N. —Advertiser 

-L  seeks  situation  in  a  Nursery,  In  or  Outdoor.  Has 
a  good  knowledge  of  Trees.  Shrubs,  Plants,  &c.  Would  help 
with  Books  in  pffice.  Highest  references.- Address  in  fir^t 
instance  to  A.  B*.  Mr.  W.  Luxton,  2,  King's  Square.  Bristol. 

'^po  THE  SEED  TRADE.— A  young  man 
J-  seeks  situation  in  Sded  Trade.  Good  experience  ;  part 
time  in  large  London  House.  Willing  to  assist  in  all  branches 
with  a  view  to  Partnership  when  mutual  confidence  established. 

—  F.  G,  Gardeners'  C/ircintcle  OKce,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

XnAGER,  TRAVELLER,   Sec,  in  Seed 

or  Nursery  Business.  — Thirty  years'  experience. — 
J  AS.  R.  CARAWAY  (late  firm  of  Jas.  Caraway  &  Co.), 
Clifton.  Bristol. 

MANAGER,  SHOPMAN,  orany  other  good 
position  — Married  ;  fifteen  years'  experience  in  bolh 
Wholesale  and  Retail  Seed  Trade.  First  class  references. — 
B.  C,  Garderers  C/tmnicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.    

To  Nurserymen. 

MANAGER  (Under),  in  a  Nursery.— Has 
had  nine  years'  experieuce  in  the  Nursery  Trade.  Has 
a  good  knowledge  of  teeds  and  Bulbs,  and  could  take  a 
joumey,-R.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Slj^ t ,  Sirand,  W.C. 

TRAVELLER,    or    HEAD    SHOPMAN.— 
Twenty-five  years'  experience  in  all  branches  ;  good  Sales- 
man.    First. class  connection  amongst    Covent  GartJen  growers. 

—  J.  PENGILLEY,  12,  St.  Ann's  Road,  Notlmg  Hill,  W. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— 
Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  Trade  in  all  its 
branches,  acquirtd  during  a  twenty-five  years'  experience  in 
London  and  Provincial  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses.  Careful 
and  accurate  in  all  matters  of  business  detail.-J.  G.,  2, 
Kingston,  Yeovil. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  TRAVELLER.— Advertiser 
is   open    for   employment    as   above.        Fourteen    years 
experience.       Good    references.  —  109,     Gardtners'   Chronic 
Office.  41.  WellMigton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

QHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.  — Age"^;" eleven 

O     years'  experience  in  all  branches.     First.class  reference. 

—  E.    F.,   Gardeners'  Chronicle  Oflice,  41,   Wellington  Street, 


s 


HOPMAN     (Assistant),    under    a    good 

Head.  —Age  at  :  good  knowledge  and  expeiience  of  Trade 
generilly.— J.  B,,  29,  Central  Buildings,  Finkle  Street,  Kendal. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (AssLSTANT).— Age  19;  four 
years'  experience  in  Garden  Seed  and  Florist  Depart- 
ments. Good  refeiences.  — W.  L.,  Messrs.  Drummond  Bros., 
82,  George  Street,  Edinburgh. 

TO  GENTLEMEN,  GARDENERS,  &c.— 
A  youth  (age  18)  desires  a  situation  to  look  after  Pony 
and  Trap;  aho  to  make  himself  useful.  Good  character  — 
J.  H.,  Bookstall,  Heodon,  N.W. 

Further  proof(M/jT(w^)tliat  Consumption  and  Asthma 

ARE  ALWAYS  RELIEVED   BY 

DR.  LOCOCK'S  PULMONIC  WAFERS.— 
Mr.  Pearce,  M.P.S.,  2.7,  Athol  Street,  Liverpool, 
111  rites  : — "A  lady  stated  to  me  1  hat  Dr.  Locock's  Pulmonic 
Wafers  were  the  only  thing  that  gave  ease  to  her  daunhler, 
suffering  from  Consumption."  They  instantly  relieve  and 
rapidly  cure  Asthma,  Consumption,  Bronchitis,  Coughs,  Colds, 
Shortness  o(  Breath,  Phlegm.  Pams  in  the  Chest,  Kfieumatism 
—  and  taste  pleasantly.  Sold  at  is.  i%d.,  2s.  git,  4s.  6d., 
r  Box.  by  all  Druggists. 


and  I 

HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTandPILLS.— 
Health's  Defences.— Nons  save  the  strongest  can  with 
impunity  pass  through  the  sudden  transitions  from  wet  to  dry, 
from  cold  to  muggy  weather  so  prevalent  during  the  autumual 
and  early  winter  months.  Influenza,  Bronchitis.  Cough.  Soie 
Throat,  or  Quicsy.  will  attack  those  most  watchful  of  their 
health  ;  but  they  can  readily  arrest  any  of  these  ccmplaiots  by 
rubbing  Holloway 's  Ointment  twice  a  day  upon  the  skin  over 
Ihe  affected  parts,  and  by  assisting  its  corrective  action  wilh 
appropriate  doses  of  Pills.  This  well-known,  5!afe  and  easy 
mode  of  treatment  efficiently  protects  the  mvalid,  both  from 
present  and  future  danger  withont  weakening  or  even  disturb- 
ing the  system  in  the  slightest  degree. 


448 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[OctobSr  3,  i8 


HENRY     OR  MS  ON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER      HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE.     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 
Citaliguea,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemea  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

BouLTON  &  Paul,  "«SE^iiSr  Norwich, 

Our  Greenhouses  and  Heating  Apparatus  are  Erected  in  every  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


Complete  Ranges  of 
Vineries,  Peach  Houses, 
Foi'cing  Iloitses,  &e., 
designed  and  erected  in 
best  materials  and  nl 
lowest  prices.  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen  tvaitid 
upon  by  appointment. 

Garden     Frames     of^ 
every  variety  in  stock. 


Every  kind  of  Garden 
Frame  advertised  is 
made  by  ns  hi  a  superior 
manner,  of  well  seasoned 
lojod. 

Estimates  for  a  ny 
kind  and  size  sent  on 
application. 

Before  ordering  sen  i 
for  special  price. 


lerelh. 

W.dlh. 

Price. 

PacVing  rases. 

8  feet 

6  feet 

£4  12    6 

Bj    O./. 

12  feet 

6  feet 

6    6    0 

61.  Qd. 

16  feet 

6  feet 

8    0    0 

7s.  OJ. 

11  inchts 

hack,  22  inches 

centre,  32  ioches. 

Lights  made  to 

Cheaper  Frames  than  the  above  are  made  by  us  but  not  advertised.       All  the  Frames  Pa'nted  Four  Coats,  and  Glazed  with  Best  21  oz.  Eogllsh  Glass, 

and  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Railway  Station  In  England  and  Wales ;    also  to  Edinburgh  and  Dublin. 

PACKING    CASES   alloived  for  in  full  if  returned  within  fourteen  days  in  good  ordtr  and  duly  advised. 

Greenhouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
delv  competition. 

GenilemcnwilldowcIUo 

cbtan  an  Enimate   from 

hich  no  charge 

before    placing 


heir  oidei 
Illustrated  Calalogvex 
free.  Richly  Illustrated 
Ca  ta  logue,  conta  ining 
over  to  Plates  of  Winter 
Gardetts,  Conservatories^ 
Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcittg  Houses  &'c  ,  re- 
cently erected  by  M.  &* 
Co-Jor-z^  stamps. 


MESSENGER   &  COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


Editorbl  CommunicatliMis  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Lette: 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Sir 
said  W.LLiAM  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  ' 
Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood.  " 


0  ■'  The  Pubhsher."  at 

,  Precinct  of  Whitefria 

lid  County. — Satur 


,  Wellinpon  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
V,  October  3^  1885. 
Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatltstjeli  1841. 


No.  615.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sKKms.}      SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  10,  i{ 


(Registered  at  the  General  \      Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper,  j  PoST-FREE,  J Jrf. 


CONTENTS. 


Abie 


Aga: 

AngTEecum       npiculatum 

Dormanianutn . . 
Beiitliam  portrait,  the    .. 
Boissier,  Edmond 
Books,  notices  of . . 
Cattleya  Lucieniana      .. 
Chrysanthemum  Society, 

Aylesbury 

Cocain       

Crocuses  at    Kew,    early 

autumn  .. 
Cryptogamic    Society  of 


,  Ho 


Fruits  unde 
Gardeners  as  voters 
GlasEow,  Royal  Botanic 

Institution  of  . . 
Gordon  Ca-.tie,  rainfall  at 
Grapes  and    Strawberries 


fore 


.-eryo 


Hardy  fruit  gardei 


'Ho 


;  Floridus 


International    Exhibitit 
and       Congress,      pro- 
posed     ..  ..         46^1 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

Ljelia     monophylla,    the 
home  of 

Leschenaullias     . .  . . 


Linnean  Society  the  „ 
Mote,  the,  Maidstone  .. 
National  Chrysanthemum 

New  Zealand  Botany    . . 

Orchids  in  flower  at  Kew 
,.  and  seed-pods  on 
imported 

Our  next  number 

Plants  and  their  culture. . 

Potato  Exhibition,  Inter- 
naiiona! 

Primula  farinosa  . . 

Roses,  garden 
,,     yellow 

Royal  Caledonian  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Apple 
and  Pear  Congress 

Royal    Horticultural    So- 

Seeds,  vitality  of. . 
Shaftesbury,  Lord 
ShirccUffe  Hall,  Sheffield 
Shows.  Forthcoming 


469  '       International        Potato 

Exhibition     .. 

470  Scottish    Horticultural 
466  .  Sotdanella  montana 

469    Symphytum  asperri- 

I  Timber,  home  grown 
466     Tomatos   out-door 
463  I  Vanda  ccerulea     .. 

Veitch"s  Sturdy  Pea 
457     Weather,  the 
45S  ,  Wheat  crop  of   1885,    the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Agaric  us  rubesce; 
Rosa  Hardii 
„     simplicifolia 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
jyi£     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  dijjicully  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  coyninunicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41 
Strand,  W.C. 


Wellington  Street, 


r>OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
^  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NOTICE '  —  COMMITTEE  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral. at  ii  A.M.  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
October  13. 

SHOW  of  APPLES  and  PEARS,   OCTOBER  13  and  14. 
Open  on  the  13th  at  i  p.M   ;  on  the  14th  at  10  A.M. 
N.B.-Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
SHOW  of  APPLES  and  PEARS  on  TUESDAY,  October 
13  and  WEDNESDAY.  October  14. 

Visitors  to  the  International  Inventions  Exhibition  admitted 
free  at  1  p  M.  on  October  13. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S 
GARDENS,  Chiswick. 
NATIONAL      PEAR      CONFERENCE     and     GREAT 
EXHIBITION  of  PEARS. 

OCTOBER  21  to  NOVEMBER  4,  1885. 

Doors  open  at  i  I'.M.  on  October  21. 

Notice   ol   intention    to  Exhibit  to    be    sent   to    Mr.    A.    F. 

BARRON,  Secretary,  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens, 


Chiswick, 


r  before  Octobei 


KINGSTON    and     SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 
The  NINTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held   on 
TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November  10  and  ii,  18S5. 
Schedules  are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  will  be  forwarded 
when  ready  on  applicat.on  to  ^  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 

Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

ATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 

Westminster,  S  W. 

,      NOVEMBER    ,1    and    12. 


N 


GRA'^D      EXHIBt 
Schedules  (free)  on  application.' 

Notice.  — Floral  Committee  Meetings  at  the  Royal  Aquariun 
on  October  14,  28;  November  ri,  25:  December  9  ;  at2.30P.M 
precisely.    (Regulations see  Schedule.) 

WILLIAM  HOLMES, 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  London,  E 
National  Chrysanthemum  Catalogue,  6rf.  each. 


GRAND     CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW 
at    PORTSMOUTH,  NOVEMBER  r2  and  13,  1885. 
NEARLY    ONE    HUNDRED     POUNDS    in    PRIZES. 
Schedules  and  full  particulars  may  be  had  from 
26,  Queen  Street.  Portsea.  F.  POWER,  Hon,  Sec. 


H 

Whit! 


Pouvardlas  In  Flower  and  Bud. 
UGM  LOW  AND  CO.  offer  the  above,  of 

fine    (juahty.    by    the    dozen,    hundred,  or    thousand, 
;,  Scarlet,  and  Re 


Cla 


Nu 


•ry.  Londo 


AZALEAS,  grand  plants,  Double  White, 
201.  per  dozsn.  B0UVARD1.\S.  fine  bushy  tUnt.s 
best  sorts,  251.  per  100  TREE  CARNATIONS,  very  fine, 
40t.  per  ICO.— W.  JACKSON.  Plikedown.  Kidderminster. 


CROUX     ET     FILS,    NURSERYMEN,     Vallt^e 
d'Aulnay,  ii  Chatenav.  Seine.— 50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUlr  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1867.  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle<  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Croix  de  la 
(  Legion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 


o 

1 

H 


UR    GENERAL    BULB    LIST,    No.  77, 

is  now  in  the  Pi-ess,     Send  for  a  copy. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

ELLEBORUS   " 

large  Clumps,  til  (c 


solicited. 

T.  JANNOCH,   Lily  Nu 
Norfolk. 


NIGER.  —  12,000    very 

32's  and  34's  pots,  producing  from 
Early    Orders  are  respectfully 

ery,  Dersingham,  King's  Lynn, 


PIN  us   CEMBRA.-600  nice  plants,  2\  to 
3^  feet  high ;    400  15  to  so  inches  high.     Sample  and 
price  on  application  to 

J.  PARKER,  Kniptcn,  Granth:m. 


MY    NEW    PRICE    LIST    of   Seeds   and 
Plants  for  1885-6,    may  be  obtained  from  WERNER 
MEYER,  Esq..  Hamburgh. 

A.  LIETZE.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Caixa,  244. 

ARGE  FAN-TRaJnEU  PEACH  TREES. 

— Several  good  Trees  for  Sale,  owing  to  want  of  room. 
Good  sorts,  and  fine,  healthy  trees  that  will  move  well.  For 
particulars  and  price  call  and  see,  or  write  to 

W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketton  Hall,  Kelton,  near  Stamford. 


Notice  to  Senders  of  Ctiolce  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Label.^,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and    Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 

Market,  and  igr.  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London, W.C. 

WARKHOirsE- 37.  Hart  Street,  W.C. 


QOUELCH         AND        BARNHAM, 

O  Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 


QUELCH 

giving  personal 
;  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE 


AND         BARNHAM, 

|1  consignments,  they  ate 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LAIIELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  i;2.  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantuy.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  baskets,  and  labels  supplied. 

WANTED,    a     small    regular     Supply     of 
Winter  CARNATION  FLOWERS  in  variety. 
GEORGE  EDWARDS,  Balh.im   Xursery,  London,  S.W. 


w 


ANTED. — Anthericum  liliastrum  ;  Double 

,  various  ;  Helleborus  niger,  altifolius.  angusti- 
folius  :  Tropaeolum  Hcrmine  GrasshotT.  Gloire  de  Boudeaux,  bi- 
color.  fl.-pl.,  Bowdon  Beauty  ;  double  Primroses  ;  Old  Blue 
Polyanthus:  Single  White  Hepatica,  red,  Barlowi,  li'a'-ina  ■ 
Trolius  napellilolium.  Fortune!,  fl.-pl.  ;  Zonal  Geranium,  West 
Brighton  Gem  ;  Dahlias,  show,  John  Henshaw,  Georgiana ; 
fancy.  Miss  Annie  Melsome  :  Verbena.  Shakespeare 

H.  CANNELL  and  SONS,  Swanley,  Kent. 

WILLIAM  ^DENMAN,  SALESMAN  and 
HoRTKULTiiRAi.  Agbnt,  Coveut  Garden,  W.C. ,  has 
now  a  DEMAND  for  EUCHARI3,  ROSES,  CALLAS. 
GARDENIAS.  GLADIOLI,  BOUVARDIA,  CHRYSAN- 
THEMUM,  and  other  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  iiuantity. 

NO  tTc  E.  -^"  WANTEOrEUCHARIS, 
Yellow  ROSES,  STEPHANOTIS,  TUBEROSES 
BOUVARDIAS,  CARNATIONS,  and  other  Choice  Flowers| 
for  which  there  is  a  good  demand  now.— A.  HILL  AND  CO. 
Floral  Commission  Agents,  52.  Hart  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W  C. 


WANTED,  Standard  and  Pyramid  BAYS 
and   LAURUSTINUS 1    also   large    DRACAENAS, 
green  or  coloured. 

E.  COOLING,  Mile  Ash  Nurserie=,  Derby. 


w 


ANTED,  the  "ORCHID  ALBUM,"  by 

B.  S.  Williams.     Second-hand,  in  gnod  pre.servation. 
Apply,  stating  price,  to  52  Letter  Box,  Dumfries. 


Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

CARTER,  LONDON,  has  been  the  Regis- 
tered Telegram  and  Cable  Address  of  James  Carter  &  Co. 
for  many  years,  and  all  communications  addressed  to  Carter, 
London,  by  this  means  are  delivered  to  James  Carter  &  Co., 
ensuring  best  attention. 

237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  London.  W.C. 


EICHARD    SMITH  and  CO.,   Nursery- 
men and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester,  beg  t 
that  their  Registered  Telearaohic  Address  is 

"SMITH,  WORCESTER" 


TELEGRAMS.— To  enable  our  Friends   to 
lend    Telegrams   as   cheaply    as  pjssible,    we   have  Re- 
gistered at  the  Head  Office  our  Address  thus — 
"NUTTING.    LONDON." 
NUTTING   AND   SONS,  Seed  Merchants,  106,  Southwark 
Street.  London,  S>E. 

Tne  Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

PETER    LAWSON    and    SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,    respectfully     inform     Correspondents    that 
their  Registered   Address    for    Telegrams    from    all    parti   is 
"LAWSONS,  EDINBURGH." 

NOTICE. —  Our   Registered   Telegraphic 
Address  is  "PERKINSON,   NORTHAMPl'ON." 
THOMAS  PERKINS  and  SONS,  34.  Drapery,  Northampton. 

IXPENNY    TELEGRAMS.— In    order~to 

allow  these  increased  facilities  for  telegraphic  communi- 
cation to  be  taken  advantage  of,    L.  &  S    have  Regi^teied  their 
Telegram  Address,  which  is  "LAIRD,  DUNDEE." 
W.  P.  LAIRD  and  SINCLAIR.  73,  Neihergate,  Dundee. 

pONFIDENCE     CHESTER    is    now    our 

^^    Registered  Telegraphic  Address  for  Telegrams  from  all 
parts,  lAMES   DICKSON  &  SONS 

{Old  Established  Nursery  and  Seed  Business), 
CHESTER. 

KITE    CHRYSANTHEMUMS     in 

Bloom.  Splendid  Plants  of  Mrs.  Cullingford  and 
Madame  Desgrange,  full  of  flower,  iSs.  per  dozen  ;  twelve 
choice  varieties,  early  flowering  sorts,  same  price.  Package 
free  for  cash  with  order. 

EDWIN  COOLING,  Derby. 

PEARCE,  FLORIST,  Hayes,  Kent,  has  for 

•  Sale  a  quantity  of  NEAPOLITAN  VIOLETS— good, 
strong,  and  well-established  Plants,  in  bloom.  Price  on  appli- 
cation.    Remittance  with  order.     On  rail  free. 

PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
toinsoect  the  stock  at  the  Waltham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  and  SON,  Waltham  Cross. 

UTCH      FLOWErTnG     iTu  LB s!^ 

HYACINTHS,    TULIPS,    CROCUS,    &c.      Priced 
Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application. 

IRELAND  and  THOMSON,  Seedsmen  and  Nurserymen, 
20.  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 
JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,  Belgium,  offers 

ti      to  the  Trade;— AZALEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

APE     BULBS  —  CAPE     BULBS. 

Capetown  Botanic  Gardens. 
IADS    Orders    now    receivable  for  the  coming   season, 
on   application.       Retail— Collections   only,    our  own 
tion,  from  £1  upwards.  ED.  HUTT.  Sales  Dept. 


D 


C 


/CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.—  First- 
ly class  Cultural  Certificate,  Manchester,  1885.  All  the 
finest  named  varieties  grown,  my  selection  for  cash,  ds.  per 


Eucharls  amazonlcus. 

G  NICHOLS,  Park  House,  South  Place, 
•  Kennington.  S.E  ,  has  a  large  lot  of  flowering  bulbs  of 
the  above,  in  24-pots,  to  be  sold  cheap,  lease  expiring.  Price 
on  application. 

OR     SALE,     President     STRAWBERRY 

RUNNERS.    Apply 
W.  MANN,  Mogden,  Islewotth. 

L'0VEL'S~STRAWBERRY^RUNNERS, 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  ofPlants,^  -id.       Price  LIST  free. 

Stri 


F 


STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  pottine  on  or  plantmg  out.     Low  prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond,  Surrey 

NEW    STRAWBERRIES.-^axton's^King 
of  the  Earlies  and  The  Captain. — These  steiling  novelties 
can  with  confidence  be  recommended.     200  trade  and  market 
firms  already  supplied.     Strong  runners  now  ready. 
T.  LAXTON.  Seed  Grower,  Bedford. 


450 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  io,  i8 


^^, SALES    BY   AUCTION, 

Dutch  BulbB. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  63.  Cheap^ide,  E.C.  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely,  about 
800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUSES.  NAR. 
CISSUS,  and  other  ROOTS  from  Holland,  in  excellent  quality, 
lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thurday  Next. 
10,000  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
10,000  DOUBLE  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES. 
Important  to  Market  Growers, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  their  SALE  of  BULBS  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  15.  The  Tuberoses  are  un- 
usually large,  varying  in  circumference  from  sji  to  8Ji  inches. 
On  view  morning  of  .-iale,  and  Calaloeues  had. 

Deptford,     S.E.— Evelyn     Estate. 

The  land  being  sold  for  Building. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Land,  on  MONDAY, 
October  12,  at  2  o'clock,  in  suitable  lots.  :i%  Acres  of  CHAM- 
PAGNE RHUBARB  ROOTS,  and  M  an  Acre  of  KALE. 

Now  on  view      Catalogues  of  Mr.  H.  HICKS    at  the  Estate 
Offi-e.  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63.  Cheapside,  EC. 

Tuesday  Next.— Established  Orchids 
IMPORTANT  UNRESERVED  SALE  of  a  fine  COLLEC- 
TION   of    ESTABLISHED    ORCHIDS,  the    whole  of 
which  are  in  the  best  possible  health. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  And  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  H.  W.  Lowe,  Esq., 
who  is  leavmg  Sydenham  Hill,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
without  reseive,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side.  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  October  13.  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  the  first  portion  of  his  valuable  collection, 
consisting  almost  entirely  of  specially  selected  varieties, 
including  a  laree  number  of  well-grown  CATTLEYAS,  com- 
prising I.ABIATA,  fine  varieties  of  GASKELLIANA. 
IRIAN/E  MOSSI.E,  MENDELII,  GIGAS.  SANDERI- 
ANA.  HOLFORDI,  SKINNERI.  and  ethers;  L/ELIA 
ANCEPS  (fine  specimsnl.  L.  PURPURATA;  PHAL/E- 
NOPSIS  STUARTIANA  and  SCHILLERIANA,  CYPRI- 
PEDIUM  STONEI,  L/EVIGATUM.  BOXflLLI,  ROFZLI. 
SEOENI,  &c  ;  DENDROBIUM  WARDIANUM.  JAMESI- 
ANUM  :  ONl.'lDIUMS.  a  large  number  of  ODONTOGLOS- 
SUM  CRISPUM  (Alexandra;),  selected  from  the  best  impor- 
tations, and  amongst  which  are  many  beautiful  varieties  ;  O. 
BLANDI ANUM.  HALLI,  and  EDWARDI  ;  VANDAS,  S:c. 
May  be  viewed  the  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  of  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and^eS.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Upper  Clapton,  E. 
EXPIRATION  OV  LEASE. 
The  whole  of  the  NURSERY  STOCK,  Green  and  Variegated 
Hollies,  tooo  Oval-leaved  Privet,  =000  Euonymus,  3C0 
Aucubas,  Climbers,  an  assortment  of  clean-grown  Fruit 
Trees,  a  few  lar^e  Azaleas  and  Camellias,  two  GARDEN 
ROLLERS.  MOWING  MACHINE.  LIGHTS,  Sic 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above,  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Picmises, 
The  Nursery.  Northwold  Road,  E..  near  the  Claplon 
Siaiion,  Great  Eastern  Railway,  on  TUE.SDAY,  October  13,  at 
12  o'clock,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Offotd  &  San. 

Now    on    view.     Catalogues    on    the    Premisei,    or    of    the 
Auctioneers.  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  E  C. 

Wednesdiy  Next.-Camelllas,  Azaleas,  and  Roses. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELLbyAUCnON,  at  their  Central  Sale  Room^, 
67  and  63.  Cheapside,  EC.  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
October  1 4  at  half-oast  12  oClock  precisely,  a  consignment  nf 
CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  PALMS.  FERNS,  and  FICUS, 
from  Beleium;  530  Standard  ROSES,  from  an  English  Nur- 
sery; home-grown  LILIES,  DUTCH  BULBS,  and  various 
other  PLANTS  and  BULBS. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Four  minutes'  walk  from  the  station,  L.  &  S    W.  Railway. 
Two  days'  UNRESERVED    SALE  of  young  and  thriving 
NURSERY  STOCK,  the  whole  of  which  has  been  care- 
fully prepared  for   transplanting,    by  order  of  Mr.    John 
Dawson,  who  is  relinquishing  the  business. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the 
Hawthorne  Nursery,  Feltham  Hill  Road,  Sunbury,  on  WED- 
NESDAY and  THURSDAY.  October  14  and  15.  at  13  o'Clock 
precisely  each  day,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  choice  and 
thnvmg  NURSkRY  STOCK,  in  fine  condition  for  removal, 
including  50,000  Border  Shrubs,  an  unusually  fine  assortment, 
consisting  of  2000  variegated  and  green  Hollies.  700  a  bushy 
Aucubas,  2003  Laurustinus,  io,oao  common  and  Portugal 
Laurels,  500  Sweet  Bays.  10,000  green  and  variegated  Box,  2000 
Thuiopiis  borealis,  choice  Conifers,  comprising  500  Thuiopsis 
dolobrata,  200a  Chinese  Arbor-vita;.  Retinosporas,  Thuias,  and 
Yews  ;  a  capital  assortment  of  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
hardy  Climbers,  and  thousands  of  Young  Stock  suitable  to  the 
Trade  :  also  one  GREENHOUSE,  two  PITS  Hot-water 
PIPING,  and  BOILER.     May  now  be  viewed. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

N.B.— The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to 
this  sale,  the  stock  being  remarkably  well  grown,  and  in 
splendid  condition. 

Friday  Next. 
ESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
i'„'.'',^".  ,9t?"''''  S"''^  Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  ifi,  at  half-past  12 o'clock  precisely, 
a  fine  importation  of  CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA,  in  good 
DrJ'A'7%"."n'!.™°'^''''"^  many  large  masses;  CCELOGYNE 
PANDURAT  A.  a  grand  specimen  of  this  curious  and  beautiful 
Orchid ;  L/ELIA  PR/KSTAN  S.  a  fine  lot  of  this  rare  La:lia ;  also 


Cattleya  Dow 


Miltonia  Candida. 
Oncidium  Marshalliar 

, ,    bicolor. 
Sophronites  grandifloi 


I  Vanda  Low 
,,     Hookeii. 
Zygopetalum  Gauti 


..     Holfordi 
Cypripedium  StoneL 

Stanhopea  Wardi.  rar 
Burlingtonia  fragrans 

■*",'!;.  I'?!''^j!"  coidition.     Also  a  fine  importation  of  the 
rare  L^LIA  MONOPHYLLA,  received  direct;  and  a  con- 
signment of  SOPHRONITES  and  L.liLIA  PURPURATA. 
On  view  mommg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Canterbury.— Expiration  of  Lease. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  16  Acres 

of  remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  Kinmont  &  Kidd  to  SELL 
by  auction,  on  the  Premises,  The  Vauxhall  Nursery,  Can- 
terbury, about  eight  minutes'  walk  from  either  of  the  Canterbury 
Stations,  on  MONDAY,  October  19,  and  three  following  days, 
at  12  o'clock  punctually  each  day.  without  reserve,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  expiration  of  lease,  about  16  Acres  of  unusually 
well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for 
removal,  and  offering  exceptional  advantages  for  procuring 
Trees  and  Shrubs  for  immediate  elTective  planting.  "The  stock 
will  include  thousands  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens,  ranging  in 
height  from  I  to  8  feet  :  5C0  1  Laurels,  2  to  4  feet  ;  2000  Spruce 
Firs.  2  to  5  feet  ;  4000  Rhododendrons.  2  to  4  feet  ;  13. coo  Orna- 
mental  and  Forest  Trees,  comprising  500a  Poplars,  z  to  10  feet  : 
aooo  Larch.  4  to  6  feet  ;  2000  Limes,  8  to  12  feet :  700  fine 
Purple  Beech.  5  to  12  feet  ;  loco  Filberts,  4  to  10  feet  ;  19.000 
clean-grown  Fruit  Trees,  consisting  of  10.000  Standard,  Pyra- 
mid, and  Trained  Apples,  5000  ditto  Pears,  20^)3  ditto  Plums 
and  Damsons,  1500  ditto  Cherries,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines, 
10.000  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  of  all  the  best  sorts  ;  and 
large  quantities  of  other  stock. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 

Waltham  Cross. 

IMPORTANT    SALE    OF    WELL-GROWN    NURSERY 

STOCK. 

To  Nurserymen,  Builders,  and  Others. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  W.  Rumsey  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  ihe  Premises,  Joyning's  Nursery,  ten  minutes'  walk 
from  Wallham  Cross  Station,  G.  E.  Ry.,  on  TUESDAY, 
Octobtr  2a,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  beauti- 
fully grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  is  in  excellent 
condition  for  removal,  including  3000  Aucubas,  i  to  3  feet  ;  500 
Portugal  Laurels,  fine  specimen  Conifers,  loao  Flowering 
Shrubs,  500  standard  Flowering  Trees,  loao  London  Planes. 
8  to  15  feet  :  1500  Ornamental  Trees  of  sorts,  6000  standard  and 
dwarf  Roses  of  all  the  leading  varieties.  1000  Roses  in  pots,  lor 
forcing  ;  loco  Bouvardias,  in  48  pats,  of  the  best  kinds  ;  Ferns, 
and  other  stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and 
of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 


Lee,  S.E. 

IMPORTANT  to  the  TRADE  and  PRIVATE  BUYERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  W.  North  &  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTIO.V. on  ihe  Premises,  theManor  Lane  Nursery.  Lee,SE.. 
about  a  mile  from  three  Railway  Stall  >ns.  oa  WEDN  ESDAY. 
October  21.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  well- 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  2000  small  Aucubas  for 
pots  ;  4000  fine  bushy  Laurels  of  sorts,  from  r  to  5  feet  ;  looa 
oval-leaved  Privet,  4  to  5  feet;  sooo  Irish  Ivies;  1000  Ivies  of 
sorts ;  4000  green  variegated  Euonymus  for  potting  ;  3000 
Currants  and  Gooseberries  ;  1000  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses  ; 
500  large  Aucubas,  3  to  4  feet  high  and  through,  splendid  speci- 
mens ;  rooo  Hollies  and  Yews.  2  to  4  feet  ;  specimen  Conifers  in 
variety  ;  2coo  Erica  hyemalis.  gracilis,  calTra,  and  others,  in  48 
and  3!-pots;  and  oiher  MISCELLANEOUS  STOCK. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Calaloeues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London.  E.C. 


Putney,  S  W. 

IMPORTANT   CLEARANCE  SALE  inconsequence  of  the 
Expiration  of  the  Lease. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  Mahood  &  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Windsor  Nurseries,  Putney. 
S.  W.,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY.  October  27  and  28, 
the  whole  ol  the  wellgrown  NURSERY  STUCK  ;  5C00  beau- 
fully  grown  Hollies,  all  recently  transplanted;  5000  Ivies; 
many  thousands  of  Shrubs;  the  ereclions  of  Eight  GREEN- 
H'.USES,  numerous  PITS,  and  all  the  HUT-WATER 
APPARATUS. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  wetk. 

MESSRS.  PROTHERUE'  and  MORRIS 
ate  instructed  bv  Mi.  Cook  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  West  Wickham.  on  THURS- 
DAY and  FRIDAY.  October  29  and  30,  a  large  quantity  of 
valuable  and  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  all  carefully 
prepared  for  transplanting. 

F'unher  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Flowering  Orchids.— Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  give  notices  that  their  NEXT  SALE  of  the 
above  will  lake  place  on  TUESDAY,  October  27,  for  which 
they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  ENTRIES  as  EARLY  AS 
POSSIBLE. 


This  Day.  Saturday  —(Sale  No.  69S8.) 
PUNTS  Irom  Ghent,  BULBS  from  Holland. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Gaiden,  W  C.  THIS  DAY,  S.ATURUAY,  October  10, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  consignment  of  choice 
named  CAMELLIAS.  AZALEAS.  RHODODENDRONS, 
DRAC-«NAS,  PALMS,  and  other  PLANTS  from  Ghent, 
also  800  lots  of  first-class  DUTCH  BULBS  in  variety. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  .Street. 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
H  olland.  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'Clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No  6990 ) 
SPECIAL  SALE   OF  ORCHIDS    IN    FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  October  14.  at 
hall-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS 
in  FLOWER,  including  twenty-four  fine  plants  of  Laslia 
autumnalis  atrorubens,  L.  Tumeri,  L.  anceps,  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana  Cypripedium  Spicerianum,  Odontoglossum  Alex- 
andrse,  O.  Andersonianum.  O.  bictonense  album,  Oncidiums, 
Dendrobes,  Scphronites,  Mesospinldiums.  &c.  ;  also  2so  lots  of 
good  ESTABLISHED  and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS  from 
Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.,  a  small  consignment  of 
ORCHIDS  received  direct  from  Trinidad,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Valuable  Established  Orchids. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  on  THURSDAY.  October  15,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  formed  by  the  late  Fredeiick 
Collins  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Waltham  Cross,  including  two  good 
plants  of  the  true  autumn-flowering  Cattleya  labiata,  C.  Men- 
delii,  fine  variety  ;  Angrxcum  sesquipedale,  C.  Spiceria- 
num, three  growths  :  C.  caudatum,  and  C.  roseum ;  Vanda 
tricolor,  V.  suavis,  Dendrobiums  of  sorts,  Odontoglossuitis, 
Oncidiums,  Phalxnopsis,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had^ 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No  6S92 ) 
ESTABLISHED  and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NFXT, 
October  15.  five  lots  of  fine  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS, 
from  a  well  known  private  collection,  including  fine  specimens  of 
Oncidium  Sarcodes,  Angraecum  descendens,  (Jattleyas.  Odonto- 
glossums,  &c.  Also  abaut  250  lots  of  ESTABLISHED 
and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  from  Mr.  J.  E.  Bonny,including 

On  view  morning  of  S  de,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— Staines.  Middlesex. 
To    GARDENERS,    FLORISTS,    and    OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  WALKER  and  LAYTON  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
October  15,  at  the  "  Angel  "  Hotel,  Staines,  at  6  o'Clock,  the 
Old  Established  FREEHOLD  FLORIST'S  PREMISES 
known  as  "  Cullen's  Nurse.ies  ;  "  together  with  the  GOOD- 
WILL and  STOCK-IN-TRADE. 

Particulars  ol  the  Auctioneers,  Egham.  Surrey. 

Whlttlngton  Nurseries,  2  miles  from  Lichfield, 
SALE  of  a  well-grown  and  vigorous  NURSERY  STOCK,  at 
the  above  widely  known  Nurseries,  of  several  thousands  of 
Trees  and  Shrubs,  including  Standard  and  Pyramid  Apples, 
Pears,  Plums,  Nuts,  and  other  Fruit  Trees,  part  in  a  bear- 
ing state  ;  Spruce,  Austrian  and  Laricio  Pines,  Oak,  Ash, 
Elm,  Beech,  Sycamore,  Chestnut  and  other  Forest  Trees  ;  a 
large  variety  of  Deciduous  and  Evergreen  Shrubs,  Hybrids 
and  other  Rhododendrons,  a  beautiful  lot  of  Ivies,  and 
Laurels,  together  with  a  choice  selection  of  Cedrus,  Cyprus, 
Junipers,  Pinus,  Retinosporas,  Thuias,  Yews,  and  fine 
Conifers,  Clematis.  &c.  ;  a  glorious  lot  of  Mat^chal  Niel, 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  Reine  Marie  Pie,  Reine  Mane  Hentiette, 
GloireLyonnaise,  Climbing  Devoniensis,  and  other  favourite 
Roses  :  together  with  Camellias,  Stove,  Greenhouse,  Seed- 
ling, Bedding,  and  other  Plants,  forming  altogether  one  of 
the  most  attractive  Nursery  Stocks  ever  offered  in  the  Mid- 
land Counties. 

MR.  GEORGE  MARSDEN  will  SELL  the 
above  by  AUCTION,   by  order  of   Mr.    Holmes,   at 

Whittington  Nurserie  

FRIDAY,  October  2 
each  day. 

Conveyances  will  n 
each  day,  at  the  "  Ti 
field. 

For  the 
on  the  ground 


1  Ma 


of  purchasers,  any  lot  or  lots  c 


Great  Sale  of  Planes. 

MR.    WILLIAM    RUMSEY  S 
OCTOBER  20,  contains  the  finest  sit 
ever  offered  by  Public  Auction. 

Catalogue  of  Sale  on  application  to   Joyning'i 
Waltham  Cross,  N.  


SALE    on 

ck  of  PLANES 

N 


Cart  House  Lane  Nursery,  near  Woking  Station. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  ol  exceptionally  well-grown  NURSERY 

MESSRS.  WATERERl  and  SONS  have 
received  instructions  from  Mr.  Richard  CoUyer,  whose 
lease  is  expiring,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as 
above,  on  TUESDAY,  October  27,  and  two  following 
days,  commencing  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  on  each  day.  the 
FIRST  PORTION  of  the  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK 
on  the  above  land,  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  having 
all  been  moved  within  two  years,  comprising  a  great  variety  of 
very  fine  Ornamental  Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs,  including 
many  Specim-en  Trees.  20.000  Green  and  Variegated  Standard 
and  other  Hollies,  2  to  9  feet ;  20  000  Yews,  from  2  feet  6  inches 
to  7  feet ;  several  thousand  Common.  Caucasian,  and  Portugal 
Laurels,  Retinospora,  Picea.  Thuia,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  and 
erecta,   Thuiopsis,  Piivet,  and_  Rhododejidrons  :  5000   Spri 


Firs, 


)  Hall-Slandard  and   Standard   Roses  of  the  choi 


Ma 
.  Pc 

nd  other  Stock. 
The  Auctioneere  1 
1  requiring  plai 


uld  dri 


the  special  attention  of  pur- 
aental  and  effective  purposes  to 
this  Sale,  as  the  whole  of  the  lots,  including  the  Specimen  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  are  in  perfect  condition  for  removal. 

May  be  viewed  seven  days  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
obtained  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  at  their 
Offices.  Chertsey,  Weybridge  Station, and  High  Street,  Walton- 
on-Thames.  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT      SALE 

SHRUBS,      FOREST      TREES,      ROSES, 

FRUIT  TREES  aiid  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 

John  Stewart  &  Sons'  Nurseries,  Broughty  Ferry,  N.B. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  October  21. 

A.  MONCaR,  Auctioneer. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  with  Immediate 
Possession,  a  genuine  SEED.  FLORIST,  and  JOBBING 
BUSINESS,  Nine  Plant-houses,  all  heated  on  ths  inost  modern 
principals  ;  a  moderate  quantiiy  of  Land,  and  an  eight-roomed 
Dwelling-house,  which  may  be  had  furnished.  Situated  in  ihe 
main  thoroughfare  of  a  rising  town,  so  miles  from  London 
(population  20.000).  on  the  L.  B.  &.  S.  C.  and  S.  E.  Railways, 
main  lines. 

Wellington  Street, 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  an  old-established 
SEED  BUSINESS  (thirty  years),  at  Rhyl,  N.  Wales. 
Commodious  House,  Shop,  and  Warehouse.  Situated  in  a 
central  part,  and  near  the  Railway  Station,  which  is  on  the 
main  line  between  Chester  and  Holyhead.  The  present  owner 
retiring. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  Mr.  J.  JONES,  50, 
Kinmel  Street,  Rhyl,  N.  Wales. 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


451 


Thornton  Heath. 

In  a  prominent  position.     Good  locality.     Capital  opening  for  a 
Beginner. 

WELL      ESTABLISHED       NURSERY. 
Acre  of  Ground.     Five  Greenhouses.     Lease  42  years. 

Rent  only  ;{;i2.     No  .Stock.  ,,    , „ 

Terras  and  particulars  of  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.  

To  Nurserymen,  Florists,  and  Others. 
'T'lO    BE    LET    or   SOLD,   on   very   advan- 

-L  laeeous  terms,  WILLS"  NURSERY,  situate  ia  the 
Fulham  Palace  Road,  Hammeismith,  comprisinf  an  area  of 
an  acre  and  a  half.  There  are  several  Hot-h:)uses  very 
tfriciemly  heated  by  hot  water  on  tlie  premise?.  This  Nursery 
would  be  invaluable  to  a  Florist  as  a  growing  place  for  maiket, 
bcin»  so  near  Covent  Garden  :  or  the  property,  held  for  an  un- 
expired term  of  sixty-six  years,  can  be  purchased. 

Particulars  on  application  to  W.  M.  M.  WHITEHOUSE, 
2i,  Charles  Street,  Si.  James's,  S.W. 

O  NURSERYMEN  and  OTHERS.— 

The  Proprietor  of  a  good  Nursery,  32  Acres  in  extent, 
situated  on  the  high  road,  one  mile  from  a  county  town,  is 
desirous,  from  age  (74),  to  give  up  business.  No  reasonable  ofTer 
will  be  refused,  either  in  the  form  of  an  Annuity  or  Purchase. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  H.  B.  L.,  Gardeners." 
Chronicle  OfBce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To  Landed  Proprletora,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  hberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
aad  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared, 
rrs.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

JOHN       KENNARD'S       HORTICULTURAL 
Sundries, 

S 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH.  STOCKPORT, 

LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK  ART/ST. 

Has  carried  out  many  extensive  works  recently  for  Noblem-n 

and  Gentlemen.    Can  refer  tj  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's, 


,  Sands' 


Nai 


Rock* 


,.y  1.,. 


The  Ofttoial  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Orchid 

CuNFERtNCE.helJ  at  the  Royal  Horticultur.d  Society's 
Gardens,  at  South  Kensington,  on  May  12  and  13.  1885. 

THE     ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY    will   issue,   about  the  end    of   the  present 
month,  a  Full  Report  of  the  above. 

This  Report  in  book  form  o(  octavo  size,  and  containg  about 
150  pages,  will  be  distributed  to  all  Fellows  of  the  Society  as  a 
number  ot  the  Journal,  and  it  will  embrace  : — 

1.  A  Report  of  the  procepdiugs  at  the  Conference,  including 

a  Paper  read  by  Mr.  H.  J.  Veitch.  F.L.S..  on  ih  = 
Hybridisation  of  Orchids,  w.th  illustrations  :  and  a 
Paper  by  Mr.  James  O'Brien,  on  the  Cultivation  of 
Orchids. 

2.  Botanical    and   Horticultural    Reports    by    Henry    N. 

Ridley,      Esq,      B,A,     F.L.S.,      Natural      History 
Museum.  South  Ken.ington.  and    F,  W.  Burbridge. 
Esq.,  F.L  S  .  Triniiy  College  Gardens.  Dublin. 
3    An  Alphabetical  List  of  the  Genera  of  Orchids. 
4,  A  Catalogue  of  Exhibitors  and  Exhibits. 
It    is    proposed    to    admit    a   limited    number   of    first-class 
Advertisements  :  and,  as  a  large  sale  is  anticipated  in  addition 
to  the  number  of  copies  to  be  distributed,  it  will  be  a  specially 
valuable  medium  for  Orchid   Growers  and    Manufacturers  of 
Orchid  Pots,  Baskets,  Ra'ts,  &c  ,  as  well  as  to  Fruit  and  Seed 
Growers,      Florists,      Horticulturists,      Garden      Implement 
Makers,  &c. 

Advertisements  will  be  inserted  in  all  issues  at  one  price. 
The  Scale  of  Charges  will  be  as  follows  :— 

Back  Page         ;£,oio     o 

Covers  and  Special  Positions  :  Page  . .         5     5° 

Ditto  ditto  Half-page..         330 

Ordinary  Pages  3     1" 

„  Halfpages    ..  1  I5     o 

All  applications  lor  Advertisement  Spaces  must  be  made  to 
ADAMS  AND  FRANCIS  (Advertisement  Agents  to  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society),  59.  Fleet  Street,  London,  E,C. 


GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT    INSTITUTION. 
NOTICE   IS  HEREIiY  GIVEN  that  an  ADDITION  will 
be    made    to    the     PENSION     LIST   of  this    Institution    in 
JANUARY  NEXT.    All  person?  desirous  of  becoming  Candi- 
dates ate  requested  to  send  in  their  appucations  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  or  before  November  4  next,  after  which  day  they  will 
not  be  received.      Piefereiice  will  be  given,  in  accordance  with 
Rule  6,  to  those  applicants  (or  their  widows)  who  have  been 
fifteen  clear  years  on  the  books  of  the  li,s;itutipn,  — By  order, 
E.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec, 
20.  Spring  Gardens.  London.— October  5.  1885 
Printed    Forms    of  Application   can  be   obtained  from  the 
Secretary. 

To  Landscape  Gardeners  and  Others. 

THE  MEKTOPOLITAN  ASYLUMS 
BOARD  are  rr.--pared  to  RECEIVE  TENDERS  for 
LAYING  OUT  and  PLANTING  the  GROUNDS  of  the 
Northern  Hospital,  now  in  course  of  erection  at  Winchmore 
Hill,  N. 

A  Plan  and  Specificalion  may  be  seen  at  the  offices  of  the 
Architect',  Messrs.  PENNINGTON  and  BRIDGE,  8  John 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C,  between  the  hours  of  to  and  4  o'Clock, 
wheie  and  when  Printed  Forms  (upon  which  only  tenders  will 
be  receivedl.  may  be  obtained  upon  a  deposit  ol  .^2  2r.  being 
made,  which  will  be  returned  upon  the  receipt  ot  a  I'^yud  fide 
Tender.  Tenders  duly  sealed  anii  endorsed  ''  Tender  for  Laying- 
out,  &r..  Grounds  of  Northern  Hospital,"  are  to  be  delivered  at 
the  Offices  of  the  Board.  37.  Norfolk  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  by 
or  before  THURSDAY,  the  15th  instant. 

The  Board  do  not  bii.d  themselves  to  accept  the  lo.vest  or  any 
tender -By  order,  (Siened),      W.  F.  JEBB,  Clerk. 

37,  Norfolk  Street.  Strand,  W  C— October  3,  1885. 

PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses.  —  Latania  borbtmica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged,  20  inches  high.  i2r. 
per  dozen  ;  tample  plants,  is.  jid.  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
25r.  per  100 ;  sample  12  for4r.  All  packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Sumford  HiU,  N. 


LIVERPOOL    EXHIBITION, 
18S6. 

Palrcn.— The  Qvehh. 

PresiJen/.—H.'R.H.  The  Prince  of  Wales. 

C/talniM,i— David  RADCLln-E,  Esq  ,  Mayor  of  Liverpool, 

A  few  PLOTS  in  the  EXHIBITION    GROUND  will  be 

alloted    to    HORTICULTURISTS    and    NURSERYMEN 

desirous  of  EXHIBITING  OUTDOOR  GARDEN  WORK. 

Apply  to  the    SECRETARY,    m.   Exchange    Buildmgs, 

Liverpool.  


ROYAL  CALEDONIAN 

HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

APPLE  and  PEAR  CONGRESS. -To  be  held  in  the 
Waverley  .Market,  Edinburgh,  on  NOVEMBER  25  and  26, 
1885,  and  following  days. 

The  Council  ol  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society 
intend  to  hold  a  SPECIAL  EXHIBITION  and  CONFER- 
ENCE on  APPLES  and  PEARS,  in  connection  with  the 
SOCIETY'S  NEW  WINTER  or  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SHOW,  on  November  25  and  26,  .885. 

To  assist  t^m  in  making  the  Exhibition  and  Confeience  a 
complete  success,  the  Council  respectfully  solicits  the  hearty  co- 
operation of  all  Fruit  Growers, 

Those  who  desire  to  contribute  Fiuit  for  Examination  and  In- 
formation, or  otherwise  to  help  th-  objects  in  view,  will  receive 
gratis,  on  application  to  the  Assistant  Secretary,  Mr. 
WILLIAM  YOUNG,  18.  Wavetley  Market,  Edinburgh,  the 
Official  Circulars  and  Forms,  and  ail  other  particulars. 

JOHN  STEWART,  Hon  Sec  , 

Edinburgh.  October  r,  18^5 


TTIARLEYENSE  —  FARLEYENSE  — FAR- 

J-       LEYENSE.— 500  large  planis  to  select  from,  many  of 
them  2  feet  through.     Prices  according  to  size. 

Apply,  G.  YOUNG,  Flonst,  St.  Albans. 

R.     DODVVELl7s~G  RAND     CAR  N  A- 

TIONS,  the  finest  grown,  2000  Plants,  including 
Seedlings  of  this  autumn,  to  he  Sold  (or  the  benefit  of  the  Prize 
Fund  of  the  UNION  CARNATION  and  PICOTEE 
SOCIETY. 

Special  terms  to  the  Trade.     Particulars  on  application. 

Address-HEAD  GARDENER,  The  Cotiage,  Stanley 
Road,  Oxford. 

Y^E^Ta  R  C I S  S  U  S  or  D  A  F  F  O  D  I  L  ; " 
containing  its  Hi.-tory.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustr.ited  with  many  Woodcuts,    Pi  ice  is. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  G.rden,  W,C. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  Transplanting.  Prices  aie  low.  Early  orders 
solicited  LISTS  on  afplication. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nuiseiies,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

The  Two  Gems  of  the  Season  In  Early  Peas. 

MR.  BUKBUKY  desires  to  draw  the  atten- 
tion   of    the   Tr.ade   to   these    two    PEAS,     "EARLY 
KENILWORTH"  and  "WILLIAM   the  CONQUEROR" 


-the  latter  forming 


:ellei 


elle 


ihe 


&c,, 


>  W,  BURBURY,  Flo 


,  The  Crew,  Kenilwotlh 


Notice. 

HLANE  AND  SON'S  New  Descriptive 
•  CATALOGUE  of  RAISES,  FRUIT  TREES,  RHO- 
DODENDRONS, Conilers,  Tiees,  Shrubs,  Forest  Trees,  &:., 
free  on  application. 

The  Nurseries,  Berkhamsted,  Herts. 


The  New  White  Hardy 

PASSION      FLOWER,      "CONSTANCE 
ELLIOTT,"  good  plants, 
HEDERA  MADERENSIS  VARIEGATA,  the  best  Silver 
Variegated  Ivy  in  cultivation,  fine  sttilf- 

Prices  on  applica'ion. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Hale   Farm   Nuiseries,  Tottenham. 

Novelties, 

CUPRESSUS       LAWSONI      ERECTA 
ALBA,  novelty. 
,,     „    robusta,  novelty.   For  descrii,tion,  see  my  Catalogue  of 

spring,  188s 
„     .,     Silver  Queen,  novel.y. 
CHIONODOXA  SARDENSIS.   novelty,   awarded    a   First- 

cbsi  Certificate  in  Lonlon,  March  24,  1883. 
SPIR/EA    PALMATA    ALBA,     n.velty,  aw.trded    a    First- 
class  Certificate  in  London,  June  17,  i88  =  . 
THYMUS  LANUGINOSUS  FOL,   VAR,  nov'elty.     For  de. 
scription  see  my  Catalogue  of  spring,  1883. 

„  M   C,  JONGKINDiCi; 

De. 

FOR    IMMEDIATE    DISPOSAL,"  a    few 
hundred     buahels     of     Johnson's     selected     Purple-top 
SWEDE  and  Gieso-top  Scotch  Yellow  TURNIP,  crop  1SS5  ; 
grown  from  stork  seeds.     Prices  on  .application  — Apply  to 
GtORGE  ELSOM,  Seed  Merchant,  SpilOing. 

Qaallty  High-Prices  Low. 
RUITING      TREES     in     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS,    PEACHES.    &c. 

Well-trained.  Tees   for   walls,    with   fibrous  roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  ROSES,       SEAKALE  for  Forcing. 

Inspection  invited. 

WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 


F 


FOR  SALE. 

4000  GOOSEBERRIES.  3  years,  good.  Crown  Bob. 
10,000  LAURUS  ROTUNDIFDLIA.  ayr.,  i  jr.,  cut  back. 
.0,000  LAURUS  CAUCASICUM.  2  yr.,  i  yr.,  cut  back, 
ao.oco  LIGUSTRUM  OVALI  FOLIUM,  i  ft.  104  it,,  bushy. 

Prices,  very  low  for  cash,  upon  application  to 
J,    B.   BUITERKIELD,  Waliham  Cross,  or  Stands  49,  50, 
and  5t,  New  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

FRUIT  TREES. —  Fine  healthy  stock  of 
extra-sized  trees.  Horizontal  and  Dwarf-trained  APPLES 
and  PEARS,  Dwarf-trained  APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 
PLUMS,  and  NECTARINES;  Standard  and  Pyramidal 
PEARS  and  PLUMS.  Fruiting  trees,  in  pots,  of  APRICOTS. 
PEACHES,    NECTARINES,  and   FIGS.     Price,  on  appli- 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lar.  to  24r.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  »o;k  be  knocked 
out  of  pots  and  sent  by  parcel  post.— RICHARD  SMITH 
and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Pelargonium 

VOLONTE  NATIONALE  ALBA.  —  AH 
who  were  unable  to  procure  this  splendid  new  Geranium 
in  May  sir  juld  do  so  at  once.  Nice  healthy  Plants  in  pots  now 
ready,  5s.  each,  free  by  post.  Awarded  First-class  Certificates, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  Royal  Botanic  Society,  Crystal 
Palace,  Manchester,  and  the  principal  shows  of  the  season. 
Sample  11  >wers  forwarded  on  application. 

FREDERICK   PERKINS,   Nurseryman,    Regent   Street, 

]:>OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — Splendid 

-L  V  Plants  of  the  f  jllowing  and  other  fine  varieties,  in  7-inch 
pots,  245.,  3or.,  36r  ,  and  42s.  per  dozen  ;—Marechal  Niel, 
Gltiire  de  Dijon,  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  Devoniensis,  Duke  of 
Connaught,  Homer,  Isabella  Sprunt,  Madame  Lambard, 
Madame  Willermoz.  Niphetos,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Safrano,  &c,  Our  Roses  are  well  known  to  be  the 
finest  and  healthiest  in  the  country.  Complete  LISTS  of 
varieties  in  stock  will  be  sent  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan). 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address-"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL."  _ 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 
DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1883. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  freeby  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Imi-orter  of  Dutch 
Bulbs, at  3,Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
at^plication.  An  immense  stock  ol  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

"  Irradiating  the  Present.  Restoring  the  Past." 
A    COMPLETE  and  ORIGINAL  "LITTLE 

XX  BOOK"  cf  DAFFODILS,  in  its  levi-ed  form,  for  1883. 
Price  is..pe^t-f<ee.  There  are  numer  us  original  Ulustiatwns 
and  the  Daffodils  are  the  bsst  ripened  Bulbs  to  be  got,  Ireland 
bein^  so  ^ft-'/fu/ to  the  r  cultivation.  (Jver  130  so  ts  ti  select 
from.  Early  planting  and  eailv  rpenng  of  Bulbs  should  give 
g  and  results  Advantage,  ofi'ered  by  no  other  Hou-e  in  the 
Irade.  -WM.  BAYL  )R  HARTLANu'S  Old  Established 
Seed  Warehouse,  24.  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


D.  S.  THOMSON  and  SONS.  The  Ni 


Wimbledon. 


BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  Eneland,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6r.  per  dozen  plants,  rzr.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac;  New  York,  beauliful  Double  Violetwuh  red 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chalenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Marie  Louise, 
Queen,  'Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  3^.  ti.  per  dozen  plants,  yr.  fid. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  direciioi.s  for 
Cultivation,    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and    PRIM- 
ROSES, zKrf,  Iree. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,  Fluder,  Kingsk-irswell.  Devonshire. 

Autumn  PUntlng 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited)  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supe.ior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  they  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN   CATALOGUES  are  in  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 

New  Catalogues. 
PHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descrip- 

\j    tive  CA  TALOGUES  for  the  season  are  now  ready,  and 

may  be  had  post-free  on  application,  viz   :  — 
A  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  and  other  BULBS. 
A  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  VINES,  and 

all  kinds  of  HARDY  TREES  and  SHRUBS. 
A    CATALOGUE    of   CARNATIONS,    PICOTEES,    and 
PINKS. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Sloujh. 

Vines- Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
slock  of  GRAPE  VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Pianting  Canes,  sr.  and 
7J  6./.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  lor.  fid  each. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool, 
Telegraphic  Address-"  COWAN,     LIVERPOOL," 


Flowers  for  Winter  and  Spring. 

VIOLETS— sweet  Violets. —  Marie  Louise, 
Victoria  Regiua,  Belle  de  Chatenay,  65  per  dozen,  4or. 
per  100;  Patrie.  Comte  Brazza,  White  Neapolitan,  izr.  per 
dozen  ;  twelve  distinct  varieties,  package  paid,  7r.  fid.  per 
dozen  ;  small  plants,  free  by  post,  31.  6i,  per  dozen.  The  above 
are  the  bcsl  and  most  useful  Violets  in  cultivation,  have  been 
grown  in  large  clumps,  and  are  now  full  of  flower ;  if  planted  at 
once  will  ensure  flowers  all  winter  and  spring. 

FREDERICK   PERKISS,   Nurseryman,   Regent   Street, 
Leamington^ 

BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to 
•  the  1  tade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS.  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNK.ATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOriS.  FICUS  ELASTICA.  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.     An  inspection  is  invited. 

Trade  CATALtJGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S.E. 

ERMAN      BUDDENBORG,      Bulb 

Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENDORG  Bbos.),  bcgs  to  iiiform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER, 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
'  years.     He  will  be  pleased  t 


452 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1885. 


FRUIT.  FRUIT.  FRUIT. 

SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE. 

APPLES,  PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 
—All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  gi.  and  \-2S.  per 
dozen  ;    Standards,   isJ.   per   dozen  ;    Dwarf-trained, 
151.  and  i8j  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS.— Black,    Red.  White,  \is.   per  loo,  2J.  and 

■2S.  td  per  dozen. 
RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,  izj.  per  io3 ;  Norlhumber- 

lard  FiUbasket,  6j.  per  100. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  15J.   and  20J.  per  loo,  sj.  6if.  and  31. 

STRAWBERRIES.— All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
ruonets,  2i.  dd.  per  100 ;  in  2 J'^-mch  pots,  ios.  per  100 ; 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  (crcing  25J.  per  loo  ;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  The  Captain,  is.  per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

See  our  New  Catnh;-ue. 
The  fiae't  H.P.  varieties,  6j  per  dozen,  40^.  per  loa. 
Tea-scented  and  Noisettes.  15s.  per  dozen  ;  1005.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses,  ts.  per  dozen. 

CliotbinK  varieiiis,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c..  6j.  p  doz. 
The   above  are  all  our  own  growmg,  and  will  grow  and 
flower  much  better  than    Roses  grown   in  a   good  climaie 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  piices.     See  New  Catalogue. 


OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c. ;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Siiiele  PRIMBOSKS,  in  variety  n{ 
colours:  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  9/.  per  Jozen.  ts.  and  5s.  per  too  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMPACTA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  u.  (,i.  per  dozen,  8t.  per  100; 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring.flowering  Plants  for  171  bd., 

TULIPS,  various  colours.  5s.  per  too:  CROCUS,  is.  61/. 
and  21.  per  loi  :  SNOWDROP,,,  ,s.  6d.  per  .00; 
BORDER  HYACINTHS.  i6j.  perioo;  NARCIS- 
SUS. 51.  per  ICO  ;  500  assorted  Spring  Bulbs  for  12J., 

HEPATICAS,   Blie  and  Ked ;    Double    PRI.VIROSES, 

Sultihur.  3J.  Gi.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  S0N,01dfield  Nu-sery.  Altrincbam. 

BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.  — Lovely  hardy  liowers  for  cutting 

or  e^rden  bloom,  named,  55.  per  dozen 
SPLENDID    PHLOXES.   PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  tinest  vatieiies,  3s.  6rf.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.-The  most  showy 

forts,  ?J    per  dozen,  21J.  per  too. 
CARNATIONS  and  Plt;0  lEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts, 

6s.   per   dozen  plants  :    fine    Clove  and   Border    Self 

varieties,  41.  per  dozen— all  from  layers. 
LI  LIES.-Candidum.  Orange,  and  Tigtr  Lilies,  3s.  per  doz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincbam. 

A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,   is,    dj.  per  dozen,  ftcm  stores, 

BOUVARDIAS,  TREE  CARNATIONS.  DEUTZIA 
GRACILIS.  —  In  pots  for  early   blooming,  6s.,  qs., 

SPIR.«A  JAPONICA.DIELYTRA  SPECTABILIS.- 

Fine  clumps.  5S.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,   mollis,   pcntici,  or    indica.   all  with 

buds,  for  forcing,  i8s..  24s  .  and  i-s.  per  dozei'. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.  Oldndd  Nursery,  Altrircbam. 


c 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  orOutdcor  Gardening:  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
tJUETS,  &c. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12.    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


PUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

^^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6s.  per  bushel 
(15.  exua  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
61/.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signatlue  attached, 

WM,  CUTBUSH  and  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Highgate  Nurseries.  N, 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 

Of  Choice   Hakdv   Flower-Roots    for   Indoor  and   Spring 
Gardening  have  been  much  enlarged,  and  contain  as  undtr  : 
COLLECTION    "  F,"    FOR    SPRINO    GARDENING, 
Containing  938  Bulbs. 


36  Hyacinths,  distinct  coli 

50  Tulips,  single  early. 

so  Tulips,  double. 

25  Tulips,  single  late. 

20  Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 

30  Narcissu',  incomparabilis. 


400  Crocus, ,  _ 

103  RaJunculu.,  double 

24  Gladiolu'. 

50  Snowdrop.^,  single. 

25  Tmeleiauniflira. 
25  Scilla  byacinihoides 

4  Lihum  umbelUtum. 


COLLECTION    "  C."    FOR    INDOOR. 
Contalnlns  277  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 

Narcissus,  double  and  single- 
Jonquils— 
6  double,  sweet-scented. 

12  Scilla 'sibirica  (pr'accox). 
12  Choice  Ixias. 


3  Roman  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,  single  early— 

6  Due  van  Thol.  red  &  yellow 

Tulips,  double  early— 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white. 
6  Rex  Rubrorum.  fine  ctim- 
6  Tournesol.  [son. 

too  in  10  fine  named  varieties. 
Naro  ssus,  Polyanthus. 
12  in  4  finest  named  > 
Half  01 


(H.  botiyoides). 
6  Eranlhis  H>cinalis. 
6  Snowdrops. 
6  Iris  Pavonia. 

.(,d. 


THER  OF  THE  ABOVE 

The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  .Agents.  Messrs. 
MERTEN.S  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane.  '^t.  Maryat-Hill, 
London,  E  C  ,  on  receipt  ol  Cheque  or  Posttffice  Order. 

For  paniciilars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  IN- 
DOOR and  SPRING  GaRDKNING,  see  rur  complete  and 
revised   CATALOGUE  for   1885,   which   will  be   sent,    post. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

Overveen,  near  HaaiUm,  Holland. 

B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Fart  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  a  consists  evclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CIS.SUS.  and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation  all  of  which  are  lully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseiies, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


JEhSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 

LLlJSTRATEDCATALOCLES     ,        J 

-JOSHUAiECORKUASON 


,  liberally  treated. 


CALCEOLARIAS,   PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERARIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  the  World,  is.dd.  per  doz.,  icr.per  100, 
post-free.    In  small  pots,  2s.iid.  doz.,  iSj.per  100. 

R.  J.  JOHNSON,  Esq  .  1,   Walton  Stytit,  Oxford. 

Septimber  21,   1885. 

"At  cur  Show,  June  16,  I  gained  First  Piize  for  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


ww^ll^^^affl 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 


WE  ofier  an  immense  assortment  of 
Choice  Flower  Roots,  including  all  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS.  TULIP.^.  NARCISSI, 
LILIES.  GLADIOLI,  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMO- 
NES, &c  ,  all  at  the  most  moderate  puces. 

DANIELS'     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collections — Carriage  Free. 
FOR     OUTDOOR     DECORATION. 

No.  I.  Comaining  1573  Selected  Roots      .,  ..^220 


FOR    GREEMHOUSi    OR    CONSERVATORY. 

0.  5.   Coiit-uning    9i:i3  Selicted  Rcots       ..  ..^4,     4 


FOR    POTS,    WINDOW-BOXES,    &c. 

No.  10.  Containing  771  Stlected  Roots      ..  . .  £2 

..     "  ..  376         ,,  ,,  ..  ..     I 

..     "  ..  219         „  „  ..  ..     o 

These  collections 
up  from  sound  picket 
and  best  assortments  ever  offered 

Beautifully  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Chaice  FioArer- 
Roois,  Roses,  Fruit  Tree?.  Strawberry  Plants,  &c.,  free  on 

DWARF   EOSES.  Hybrid  Perpetual,  in  s^Iendid  variety, 
fine  plants,  per  doz.,  \zs.  hi.  ;  per  100,  63J".  Carriage  free. 

DANIELS    BROS. 

BULB    MERCHANTS   and   NURSERYHIEN, 
NORWICH. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE 

Conl.iins  List  of  all  varieties  of 

English,  Dutch,  and  French-grown  Bulbs, 

Wiih  Special  Low  Prices  ol  the  f  .Hewing  ;- 

150,000  Yellow  CROCU.S. 

IRIS  K/EMPFERI  — in  about  twenty  differ- 
ent sh.-ides  of  colour.  This  Brand  Japanese  Iris  is 
hardly  yet  known  in  this  countiy.  but  shonid  be 
grown  bv  every  lorer  of  fl -wers.  It  is  by  f^r  the 
largest  flower  of  ihis  family.,  with  most  striking 
colours.  We  offer  well  established  English-grown 
Roots. 

IRIS    GERMANICA,  in  great  variety.     This 

CO  lection   conu-i<is    iwett.-four  different   shades  of 
colour.     A  Is  3  many  o.lier  varieties  o(  Iris. 

20,000  NARCISSUS  POETICUS  ORNATUS 

(Lrui).  —  True      Early-dowetinK       Pheasait  eyed, 
blooming  thtee  weeks  eailinr  ihin  poeticus. 

15,000  NARCISSUS,   Orange   Phoeni.t.  —  The 

g  .ind  Doible  While  DalTod  1. 

5,000  NARCISSUS,   Sulphur   Crnwn.  —  The 

delci  e   Double   Pale  S.dj.hur   Daffodil,  the   finest 
and    most   elegant  of  a  1.      And   fifty    otlie.'   choice 

NARCISS  and  DAFFODILS. 

30,000  GLADIOLUS  COLVILLI,  The  Bride, 

pi  ire    wliite    variety,     oerfectly    hardy.       Should    be 
\  hnted  in  autumn.     Al  o  good  for  forcing, 

50,000  SCILLA    SIBIRICA.  — This   charming 

rich  Blue   variety  is  now  a>;  cheap  as  the  Snowdrop, 
to  which  it  makes  a  good  companion  and  contrast. 

Catalogue  free  on  application  to 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

13,  EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 

—  (Koof0, — 

SUPERB    QUALITY.         \ 

^he  ^aick  of  l)oll.-mb.  \ 

Priics  very  moderate.        \ 

jfrcc  S)el(v>crie0.  [ 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUES 

( IllmtraUj}.  \ 

j  jjifliitble  nitoaiig.  Address  in  full—  \ 

jF.^fI.Dl6I^S0N^S0KS,| 

"Jibe  diuecn's  SccOsinen,    ■>  \ 

I    —    GHBSTBI^.    


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


453 


TURNIPS 

CAB  B  A  G  E  . 


HOWCBOFT    <&    W  ATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seedsmen, 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  coDtainiog  "  Hinu  on  Fern 


SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species 

free  on  application. 
Special    Desc'iptive    "List  of  New,  Rare, 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


GARTERS' 

CHOICE 

HYACINTHS 

rhe  best  for  Exhibition  and  General  Effect. 


Named    HYACINTHS,  price 

in  6  sorts. 

Named    HYACINTHS.   pr:ce 

in   12  sorts,  for    glasses. 


8/- 


12 
12 

50   

Kft    Named  HYACINTHS,  price  dft/- 

l/U  in  50  sorts.  TV/ 

JQQ    Named^HYAC^NJHS.  PRICE  g  J  A_ 


Named    HYACINTHS.    PRICE     Q/fi 

in    12   sorts,    for  pots.  O/  U 

Cheaper  sorts,  6s.  &  7s.  6d..  per  doz. 

Named  HYACINTHS,  price 

In  25  sorts. 


36/- 


Named  HYACINTHS.   PRICE 

in  100  sorts. 
ALL    PARCELS    CARRIAGE    FREE 


75/- 


Catalogues  containing  names  of  varieties  composing 
the  above  assortments,  gratis  and  post  free. 
^  SEEDSMEN 

^^  By   Royal  Warrant   to 

^y  ayiyLxyVfj  j^j.  phujoe  of  waies. 

237  &.  238,    HIGH    HOLBORN, 

LONDON. 


B 


ox  E      D      G      I      N      G.— 

10,030  Nur:ery  Yards,  very   fine.    floi.  per  loo,  i,^  los. 
per  loco.     Cash. 

J.  B.  YOUNG,  Bridge  of  Allan. 

FOR  SALE,  a  quantity  of  Double  IVY- 
LEAVED  PELARGONIUMS,  strong  plants  from 
open  ground.  Varieties  ;  —  Comte  Horace  de  Choiseul, 
Madame  Crousse,  Gl.ire  d'Orleans,  and  other  good  kinds.  21s. 
pet  ICO.     Cash. 

R.  OWEN,  The  Floral  Nursery,  Maidenhead. 

WARE'S   AUTUMN    CATALOGUE 

ROSES— All  the  best. 

HABDY     CLISIBERS  —  Every     variety     worth 

CARNATIONS-Including  Trees,  Shows,  Yellows, 
and  Border  varieties. 

PYRETHBTJMS-Double  atid  .Single. 
PINKS— In  great  variety. 
SWEET    VIOLETS— All  first-class  sorts. 
P.a;ONIES  —  A  grand    collection    of    Double    and 

Sinele  v.l,ielies. 

BLACKBERRIES  —  Best  adapted  to  the  British 

Clirn.ite. 

NOVELTIES— Many  valuable  introductions, 
MANY    OTHER    TRi-ES,    SHRUBS,    and 

PLANTS  adapted  for  present  planting. 
Caialr^^ue  may  he  liizd  on  afiplicaiion. 


THOMAS   S.   WARE, 

HALE    FARM  NURSERIES,  TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  26s. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
'  above  contains  a  most  inleresling  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  free. 

RICHARI^    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

The  Grand  New  Narcissus, 

SIR  W    A    T    K    I    N ." 

2,r.  each,  2ii.  per  dozen,  i6o.r.  per  lOo. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.     Firsl-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS.  "Newton"  Nurseries.  Chester. 


PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI.-This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Late 
White  Broccoh  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  m  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See  fol- 
lowing extrag^":  — 

From  the' Garaeners'  C/ironicle  and  Agriatltural  Gaztitc, 
London  :—"  Monster  Buoccoli.— A  few  days  ^ince,  Mr.  C 
Kessell,  of  The"  Coombe.  Penzince,  who  has  bten  a  Brocc  li 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  certury.  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Northern  Maikets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  together 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  the  smeUing-house  had  to 
be  (ailed  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the  weight  of  the  plants." 

Retail  price,  2T.  dd.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  21,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 

MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 41.  hd.  per  bushel  (16  cakes),  bd.  per  bushel  package  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,   u.  yi.     Trade  supplied 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

i,d  per  bushel ;  loo  for  255.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

4.35.  :  4-bushel  bag^,  41/.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN,  FIBROUS    PE.AT.   51.   id.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  25r.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  12J.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  u.  gd.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton.  26r   per  ton  in  2-biishel  bags,  ^d,  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM.  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij   per  bushel. 

SPHAG.SUM  MOSS,  8s.  kd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.— H.  G  SMYTH.  2t,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  .7A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  :  newly 
made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2  ;s  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
t4J.  ;  forty,  25J.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.-J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  155,  Hich  Stieet,  Battersea,  S.W. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 
Ti^IBROUS    PEAT    for    ORCHIDS,    &c.— 

X  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids. 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,i;6  6j.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  55.  ;  5  Bags,  22J.  bd.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  W.  per  Bag  , 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine,  52i.  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Station,  Hants. 


GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4.bushel  Bags, 
IJ.  each  :  30  for  25^.— bags  included  ;  2-ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail, 
25s.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5s.  per 
Sack  :  5  lor  221.  6d.  :  10  (or  35J.  j  ao  for  60J.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  td.  per  Sack;  s  for  2o«.  :  10  for  30s. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND,  is.td.  per  Bushel;  141.  per 
J^  Ton  ;  25J.  per  Ton.  bPECIALITfi  TOBACCO  PAPEK, 
lorf.  perlb.;  281b.,  21s. ;  cwt  .  70J.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb.  ;  28  1b.  for  iSj.  LEAF-MOULD,  5s. 
per  S.ick.  PEAT  MOULD,  v.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31.  per  Sack.  CHARCOAL,  21.  f>d.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  4^.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM. 
&c.     LIST  Free.     Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Southwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

(juallty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   45.  dd.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PE,\T,  best  black  fibrous     ..T,s.bd.  „  s  sacks  (on 51. 

PEAT,  ext.a  selected  Orchid    5i.  W.  ,. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     'i 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (,  „,  v,,,),    „,i„  ;„„■  j  j, 

LEAF  MOULD,  bestonly..     i"-"- P"  bush,   sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  s,/.  per  bush.,  12s.  half  ton,  22s. ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  bestonly is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8</.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Spe'cialileT    Erf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milkrack..     5.(.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush,,  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  HERE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s,  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 
30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Iruck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2S.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL.  LONDON,  E. 


''[TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 

JL      most   effective,    14   lb.  for  9^.  ;    28  lb,,  185.  ;    cwt.,  70J. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  js.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,    6d.   and    i.r.,    from  the    Trade. 
Wholesale  from    PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited).  London. 

ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED— IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS— TRELLISED  ARCADES 
-ROSERIES-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT- PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c.  

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS. 
The  Pheasanfry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S  W. 


DEANE  &.  Co.'s  Cucumber  Frames. 


No. 


Prit 


4  ft.  :<  6  ft.  £7 
8  ft.  X  6  ft.  £j  los. 
I2ft.x6ft..£s   OS. 
ififLX  6(1  £6tos. 
Carriage  Paid 
TO  ANV  Station. 
Packing  Free. 
-Constructed  of  best  red  deal,  ij^  in.  thick, 
painted   four  .  .^ats  and  made  io  lights  4  ft.   X  6  ft.,  2  in.  thick, 
glared  with  21-oz.  glass.     Height  at  back  24  in.,  front  13  in. 

DEANE  &  CO.'S  PLANT  FRAMES. 

Size  No-  ■■• 

ft      ft  Price. 

4-6  £3    OS. 

8x6  U  los. 

I'  X  6  £6    5»- 

I"     6    ;<;7 15s. 

^  ■-  6     £g    it. 
(  AkRiAGE  Paid, 
I  ACKtNG   Free. 
SpFtn-lcATioN  — Constiuction  as  above       Height  in  front, 
II  in      at  ridge    32  in    ,  each  light  fitted  with  iron  set  opes. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses. 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS    m.ide   in  any  part   of  the  country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE,  DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-waterEngineers, 

'%uyE'c.''°' !- LON DON  BRI DGE. 

RIPFINGILLE'S    PATENT    PRIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE   Warming   STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  St5ve  made. 

Awarded  the  highest  premium  over 
all  competitors  wherever  exhibited. 
The  cheapest  and  most  effective 
means  known  for  warming  small 
Greenhouses,  and  keeping  out  trost 
and  damp.  They  burn  absolutely 
without  smoke  or  smell,  require  no 
pipes  or  fittings,  give  off  no  injurious 
vapour  to  either  vegetable  or  animal 
life,  will  burn  twelve  to  twenty  hours 
without  attention,  are  so  portable 
they  can  be  moved  from  one  place 
to  another  while  burning,  and  for 
efficiency  and  economy  can  be  highly 
recommended.  Prices  from  a  few 
shillings.  Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 
and  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
upon  the  stove  before  you  purchase. 
Full  Illustrated  LIST  and  name  and 
address  of  nearest  agent  forwarded 
free  on  application  to  the  sole  manu- 
facturers 


THE     ALBION     LAMP     COMPANY, 

ASTON  ROAD,    BIRMINGHAM. 


TO     BE     SOLD,     a     very     useful     SPAN 
GREENHOUSE,  about  40  feet  by   19  feet,  with  Slate 
Fittings,  Gearing,    and    Hot-water   Pipes  complete.     Must  be 
clsared   at   once.    Price  moderate.     AKo  a   smaller  THREE- 
OUARTER  SPAN  GREENHOUSE,  with  Fittings. 
Apply  to  Ml.  THOMAS  HUNT,  Ware. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


454 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


[October  io,  i8 


TELEGRAMS. 


HURST  &  SON, 

152,    HOUNDSDITCH,    LONDON, 

Beg  to  inform  their  Correspondents   that  their 

Registered    Address    for    Telegrams   from    all 

parts  of  the  World  is 

"HURST,      LONDON." 

"  CORRISO,     LONDON." 

The  above  has  been  registered  as  our  Addresss 

for  Telegrams 
COBRY,  SOPEK,    FOWLER   &   CO.  (Ltd)., 

Horticuluiral  Sundries  Mcrcharts  and  Manu'acturEfS, 
i8,  FINSBURY  STREET,  E.G. 

AFRICAN  ■tuberoses. 

GROWN  BY 

W  M.     R  I  S  L  E  Y,    Maritzburg,    Natal, 

(The  CnginsI  Glower). 
The  whole  of  Mr.  Risley's  crop  is  now  landed,  and  has  opered 
up  in  splend'd  condition.     The  Bulbs   are  exceplionally  large 
and  heallhy,  and  such  as  have  never  before  been  cffcred  in  the 
Market.     They  are  now  for  sale  at  very  low  quotations. 

intending  Buyers  are  requested  to  make  an  early  application 
to  the  undersigned.     Terms.  Cash. 


WM.  G.   MAC  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street.  E  C 

SPECIAL      OFFER     TO      THE     TRADE. 

G  H  R.      BERTRAM, 

Seed   Grower  and  Mercliant.  Stendal,   Germany, 

Bees  to  (  ffer.  Free  to  London,  for  Cash  or  Cheque  :  — 
TULIPA  GREIGll,.£t  loj  perioo. 

IXIOLIRION  PALLASll  (TARTARICUM),  £,1  jos.  p.  100. 
Ihe  Bulbs  of  these  beautiful  and  rate  plants  of  Turkestan 
have  ju^t  arrived,  in  an  unusually  fine  conduion.    For  Ulders  of 
upwards  of  50c  of  each  reduced  rates  on  af  plication. 

CHOICE    IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  21S.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  6ti.  to  £4  4s. 


ROSES,  gs.  per  dozen.      A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  lai'ge  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Jiost's,  Plants,  Seetls,  &■><:.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

CLAPTON      NURSEKY.      LONDON,      E. 
Busli  Hill  Park  Nursery,  Enfield,  N. 


At  the  above-named  Nurseries  are  cultivated,  in  unusually 
large  quantities,  Azaleas,  Bouvardias,  Camellias.  Climbing 
Pl.»nts,  Cyclamen,  Epacris.  Ericas.  Ferns.  Picas.  Flowering  and 
Decoraiive  Plants  ir.  variety  :  Fruit  Trees,  Gardenias.  Genistas, 
Grape  Vines,  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety  :  Palms,  Pelargoni- 
ums, Rhododendrons.  Roses,  Shrubs,  Stove  Plants  in  variety,  &c. 
ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. —The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  cf  such  magnitude  that  witho'..t  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy 
10  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  e.Ktent. 
The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  feet  superficial. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 


RASPBERRY, 

BAUAIFORTH'S  SEEDLING 

TRANSPLANTED  CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now  booking  orders   for  above  for  delivery 
as  soon  as  ready. 
Planting  Canes  . .    . .  173.  6d.  per  100. 
Fruiting  Canea   ..    ..  25s.  „ 

Frice  to  the  Trade  an  appiication. 


^EBBS' 


.^% . 


■3 


COLLECTIONS    OF 

BULBS, 


For  List  of  Contents    see 

Webbb'   Bulb  Catalogue, 

Gt-ath  and  Posl-/yee. 


For  OUTDOOR  DECORATION.  ,, 


Webb! 

Webbs'  Collecuou  B  contai 
Webb.'  Collection  C 
Webbs'  Collection  D 
Webb,'  Coilecti  n  K 
Webbs'  Collec  i  n  F 
Webbs' ColhciionG  contai 
Webbi'  Ci  Miction  H  contai 


i  2873  Bulbs 
1S84  Bulbs 
1285  Bulbs 
68  >  Bulbs 
424  Bulbs 
315  Bulbs 
203  Bi'Ibs 
114  Bu:bs 


For  GhEENHOUSE  DECORATION. 


Webbs' Ollecli.n  I  c 
W.bbs'Coll.ctiou  J  c 
Webbs'  Collection  K  contai 
Webbs'  Collection  I,  contai 
Webbs' Col '.X  ionMc 
Webbs'  Colleclion  N  c 


461  Bulbs 
261  Bulbs 
207  Bulbs 
134  Bulbs 
96  Bulbs 
bo  Bulbs 


All  BULBS  are  Delivered  Free  by  PoM  , 
5  fcr  cent.  Discount  for  Ca^h. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


STRAWS  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4J.  per  too.  Plants  in  small  pots.  165.  per  tco  ; 
ditto  in  large  pot.-,  2  =  j.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  tree. 

RICHARD  S.MilH  AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 


An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 


THE  YORKSHIRE   SEED  ESTABLISHMENT,  HULL. 


CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTaTtREES and  SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    i&c. 
CATALOGUES  post-free. 


Crawley, 


AL&QONS 

irlev.        W  Sussex. 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

For  Present  Planting. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S,W. 
VEITCH'S  HYACINTHS  FOR  BEDDING, 

In  distinct  and   decided  shades  of  colour, 
as  supplied  to  the  London  Parlis. 

Specially    sdccted    varieties    to   fl.Jwer   at    the   same   time, 
producing   large  trusses  of  bloom. 

D\RK  BIUE isZ-ier  . 

BRIGHT  BLUE        ..         ..  tsZ-peri 
LlGHf  BLUE  ..         ..   i8;-per  1 

LILAC i8/-per  1 

CRIM'ON        2c/-per  1 

BRIGHT  RED  ..         ..2;/- pen 

PINK 2. /-per  1 

ROSE 2t./6per  1 

PURE  WHITE  ..         ..276peri 

WHITE,  tinged  rose  ..   27/6  per  j 


2/    per  do; 

■ih  per  do: 
2'9  per  do: 
2/9  per  do: 
3/-  per  dozen. 
3/-  per  dozen, 
3/9  per  dozen. 
3/9  per  dozen. 


VEITCH'S     MIXED     HYACINTHS. 


WHITE,  all  shade; 
BLUE,  all  shades 
MIXED,  all  coloui 


15/-  per  ICO,  2/-  per  dozen. 

S2/6  per  100.  3/-  per  dozen. 

12/6  per  ICO,  7/6  ptr  doieo. 

15/-  per  ICO,  2/-  per  dozen. 


VEITCH'S    MIXED    TULIPS. 


VEITCH'S     DUTCH     CROCUS. 


LARGE  GOLDEN  YELLOW  .0/6  per  i 
LARGE  BLUE  ..         ..     13/0  per  t 

LARGE  STRIPED  ..  ..  13/6  per  1 
LARGE  WHITE  ..  ..  r4/6  per  1 
MIXED,  all  colours  ..         ..     12'- per  i 


t!^  For  otiur  Bu 
CATALOGUE,  fo. 
application. 


1/6  p"  I 
1/9  per  I 


r  Jor  Planting 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


BULBS    FOR    BEDDING. 


B.  S.  WILU^^^ 

Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus.  Narcissi.  Snowdrops 
&c,  of  exceptionally  fine  quality. 


Special  Piii 


I  for  Large  Quaitities  will  be  subn 
appucatioD. 


ILLUSTRATED     BULB     CATALOGUE 
Gratis  and  Post-free  to  oil  applicants. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important'  NOVELTIES,  on 
application.  

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  ot  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  CImnicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Now  being  sent  ojtt  at  js.  6d.   and  \os.  6d.  ecuh. 


CHARLES  NOBLE,  BAGSHOT. 


October  io,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


455 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY    STOCK:- 

ABIES   CANADENSIS,  4  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 

„     DOUGLASII,  1  to  6  leet,  thousands. 

,,     DOUGI-ASII  GLAUCA,  3  to  s  feet,  hundreds. 

„    HOOKERIANA  or  PATTONIANA,  3  to  5  leet. 

,,    ORIENTALIS,  4,  5.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

„    PARRYANA   GLAUCA,  iji  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     All 
from  seed. 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet. 

.,     DEODARA,  6  to  9  feet,  hundreds. 

..     LIBANI  (Cedar  ol  Lebanon)  4  to  5  feet,  hutdreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA   ERECTA  VIRIDIS,    3.  4, 
5  to  8  feel,  ihousands. 

.,     LUTEA,  3,  4,  and  s  feel,  hundreds. 
JUNIPER,  Chinese,  5,  8  to  tj  feet. 
riCEA  CONCOLOk,  2  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„    GRANDIS,  5107  feet. 

„     LASIOCARPA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     MAGNIFICA,  2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NOBILIS.  i^  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  710  10  feet,  hundreds. 

„     PINSAPO,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  3   to  3K   and  4  feet,  well  furnished 
and  transplanted  October.  1884,  ihousands. 

..     CEMBRA,  3,  6  10  8  feet,  hundreds. 
RETINOSPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA,  3  Io  6  feet. 

.,     PlSIfERA  AUREA(true),  3to61eet. 

,.     PLUMOSA  AUREA,  3to5leet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

..     DOLOBRATA,  3.  4,  and  6  feet,  hundreds. 
1  HUJA  LOBBII,  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,.     SEMPER  AUREA.  iM  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
YEWS,  Common,  3,  4,  and  s  leet.  ihousatds. 

„     Common,  6  to  10  feet,  hundred^. 

„     Golden,  of  all  sires  up  to  10  feet. 
We  have  many  ihousar 
Standatds,  ia  point  o 

.,    Golden,  Seedlings,  3  4,  5,  to 

,,     Irish,  5  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

.,     Irish.  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  5  feet. 
AZALEAS,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  1,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 
RHODODENDRONS.  3,  4.  s,  6,  8  to  10  feet,  thousands  of 
finer  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 

S^  The  fine  Standard  and  ether  Rhododendrons  annu.illy 
planted  in  Rotten  Row.  Hyde  Paik,  are  supplied  by  Anthony 
Watereb. 

KaLMIA   LATIFOLIA,   healihy  and  well  furnished  plants, 
18  to  24  inches,  showirg  from  twelve  to  thirty  tiu  ses 
ol  bloom. 
AUCUBA  JAPONICA.  2;4  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
BAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  5  to  8  feet  hiijli,  trans- 

p'anted  spring,  iSSs,  hundreds. 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3.  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thousands. 
HOLLIES.  Common  Green,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  leet,  thousands. 

„    ALTACLARENSE, 

„     HODGINS', 

„     LAURl  FOLIA, 

„    MYRTl  FOLIA, 

„     SCOTTICA, 

„    Yellow-berried  and  other  sons. 

,,    Vaiiegated,  of  sorts,  3,  4.  5  up  to  10  feet,  thousands. 

,,     Golden  Queen.    3.  4,  5.  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds  of  beau- 
tiful specimens. 

,,     Silver  Queen.  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens. 

,,    Weeping,  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten  to 
fifteen  years  growth,  hundreds. 

,,    Weeping,   New  Golden,   a   large  quantity  of   beautiful 


fine  heads, 


years  :— 

ACACIA  BESSONIANA,  6  to  10  feet. 

ACER  DASYCARPUM.  i3to,5fee'.. 

„    NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA,  Standards,  8  to 

„    REITENBACHII,  8to  lofeet. 

,,     SCHWEDLERl,  12  to  14.  and  r4  to  16  feet. 

.,     WORLEVII.  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  .0  to  12  feet, 
irple.  Pyramids.  9  10  i 


BIRCH,  Silver,  ijto 

14  feet. 

..     Purple.  14  feet. 

CHESTNUT.  Horse. 

r4  to  16  feet. 

2  to  t4  feet. 

,.     „     Double,  ro  t  j 

12  feet. 

ELMS,  English,  10  to 

12  leet. 

Gue; 


r  feet. 


LIMES,  to  to  t2  feet,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  fe 

,,     Silver-leaved,  12  10  14  leet. 
LIQUI  DAM  BAR,  6  to  8  leet. 
ASH,  Mountain,  loto  12  leet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  t4  to  16  feet. 
OAKS.  American.  12  to  14  feet. 

.,     English,  10  to  12  feet. 
PLANES.  14  feet  and  upwards. 
POPI  AR  CANADENSIS  NOVA.  12  to  15  feet. 

.,     BOLLEANA.  8  to  10  feet 
SYCAMORE.  Common,  14  to  15  feet. 

,,     Purple,  15  to  16  feet. 

„     Variegated,  Siandards,  to  to  12  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 


feet. 


BEECH.  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards, 
.,     Weeping.  Purple  (irue),  Standards,  3  to 

EIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids,  10 to  12  feet 
.,     Young's  Weeping,  Siandards,  14  feeL 

FLMS.  Weeping,  Stand.atds,  10  feet  stems. 

HAZEL,  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

LARCH.  Weeping,  6  to  10  feet. 

POPLAR.  Weeping.  Standards. 

SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards, 


tending  planters 
ine   interested 


inspect  the  Plants  growing 
.^.........u   ...   ^..v...    .......ers  will    regret    the    trouble 

convey  but  a  very  inadeqnate  idea  of  such  a  Stock. 


KNAP     HILL     NURSERY, 

WOKING,  SURREY. 


SUTTON'S 
feiBULBS 


SUTTON  ANT>  SONS  pay  frequent  visits 
toal  the  principal  Bulb  Farms  of  Holland,  and  by 
careful  trials  of  the  finest  vatieties  of  bulbs  in  their  own 
grounds  ihey  are  enabled  to  select  the  sorts  best  suited  to 
English  Qftrdens.  Having  impoited  large  quantities  they 
can  cfler  Ci-)lIeclions  of  the  Best  Bulbs  on  the  following 
advantageous  terms  : — 


s 


UTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection   "A," 

■i.tairingaSoa  FINE  CU  LBS  for  the  Of  en  Giound. 
Price,  ro5l^    Carriage  Fr^e.  

SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection    "  B," 
containing  1855  FINE  BULBS  for  the  Open  Grounil. 
Price,  63;.     Carriage  Fiee. 


SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection   "  C," 
containing  1220  FINE  BULBS  for  the  Open  Ground. 


SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection   "  D," 
containing  620  FINE  BULBS  for  the  Open  Ground. 
Price,  2ir.     Carriage  Free. 


SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection  "E," 
containing  300  FINE  BULBS  for  the  Open  Ground. 


s 


UTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection    "  F,' 

:onlaining  1000  FINE  BULBS  for  Pots  and  Glasses 


SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection  "G," 
containing  Coo  FINE  BULBS  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 
Price.  63J._Carriage  F;ree. 

BUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection  "  H;' 

O    containing  4,0  FINE  BULBS  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 
Carriage  Free. 

UTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection    "J," 

nuig  250  FINE  BULBS  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 
Price,  2er.     Cirriage  Free. 

QUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection  "  K," 

O    ccniaining  t25  FINE  BULBS  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


s 


SUTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection   "  P," 
containing  250  FINE  P.ULES  for  Conservatory  and 
Window  Decoration.     Price.  211.     Carriage  Free. 


Q  UTTON'S    BULBS.  —  Collection  "O," 

O     containing  125  FINE  BULBS  for  Conservatory  and 
Window  Deco.alion.     Price,  los.  (d. 


QUTTON'S       BULB        CATALOGUE, 

^-7     containing  prices    and    full   particulars  of    the    Best 
Bulbs,  qratis  and  post-free  on  apolication. 

UTTON'S       BULB        CATALOGUE, 

containing  detailed  particalars  of  Collections  ot  Bulbs 
piirpo'es.  gratis  and  p'^sl-free  on  application 


s 


SUTTON'S       BULB        CATALOGUE, 
containing  an  Article  on  the  Culture  of  the  Hyacinth, 
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,,X^^jL«^ 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    lo,    1885. 


EDMOND     BOISSIER. 

IN  our  last  issue  we  had  occasion  to  mention 
the  death  of  this  eminent  botanist  on 
Septernber  25,  at  Valeyres,  his  country  seat, 
near  Orbe,  Switzerland.  The  importance  of  his 
services  to  botany  and  horticulture  is  so  great 
that  some  fi^ller  account  of  his  career  will  be 
called  for  by  our  readers,  while  some  tribute  of 
acknowledgment  and  gratitude,  however  in- 
adequate, is  due  from  those  to  whom  he 
rendered  such  valuable  service. 

Edmond  Boissier  resembled  George  Bentham 
in  his  devotion  to  botanical  science,  especially 
systematic  botany,  and  like  Bentham,  his  means 
allowed  him  to  pursue  the  science  of  his  predi- 
lection, while  his  freedom  from  professional  or 
other  offirial  duties  enabled  him  to  prepare  works 
of  great  magnitude,  such  as  require  uninterrupted 
application  and  patient  care  and  devotion. 
Boissier  was  born  in  Geneva  in  iSio,  and  in 
early  youth  showed  indications  of  his  attach- 
ment to  botanical  pursuits.  This  attachment 
was  naturally  fostered  and  developed  by  the 
tuition  and  encouragement  of  the  elder  De  Can- 
doile.  In  1S37  Boissier  visited  Spain  for  the 
purpose  of  collecting  and  studying  plants.  The 
first  results  of  this  expedition  were  manifested  in 
the  publication  of  descriptions  of  new  species 
and  subsequently  in  the  issue  of  a  splendid 
work,  \'oyage  botanique  dans  Ic  inidi  de 
t Espagne pendant  Tannee  1837.  This  work  was 
issued  in  two  quarto  volumes,  with  numerous 
plates  and  references  to  the  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  the  species.  It  was  in  his  Spanish 
travels  that  Boissier  met  with  Abies  Pinsapo  ; 
and  by  means  of  seed  collected  and  transmitted 
by  him,  this  superb  tree  was  first  introduced 
into  this  country,  as  is  testified  in  a  letter  now 
before  us  in  which  he  mentions  the  despatch 
of  seeds  to  Lindley  at  the  Horticultural  Society 
in  1S39.  The  tree  was  found  in  the  moutains 
of  Granada,  forming  forests  at  an  elevation 
of  4000  to  6000  feet,  and  flourishing  in  places 
where  the' snow  lies  for  four  or  five  months  in 
the  year. 

Boissier's  appetite  for  botanical  travel  was 
not  appeased  by  his  Spanish  expedition.  In 
1843  he  visited  Asia  Minor,  and  in  1S4S  he 
travelled  in  Syria  and  Egypt.  The  outcome  of 
these  travels  was  first  seen  in  the  shape  of 
detached  publications  devoted  to  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  new  species  found  by  him  in  his 
journeys.  These  "  diagnoses  "  paved  the  way 
for  the  complete  and  elaborate  Flora  Orienialts, 
a  work  in  five  large  octavo  volumes,  which 
occupied  the  author  from  1867  to  1881.  This 
is  a  work  which  students  of  the  flora  of  the 
Levant,  and  horticulturists  concerned  in  the 
plants  derived  from  Eastern  Europe  and 
Western  Asia,  find  indispensable.  This  may 
be  understood  when  it  is  said  that  the  limits  of 
the  /'/ora  Oricntalis  include  Greece,  the  Adriatic 
Islands,  Ualmatia,  European  Turkey  south  of 
the  Balkans,  the  Crimea,  the  Caucasus,  Egypt, 
and  Asia  Minor,  Persia,  and  Affghanistan  up  to 
the  British  frontier,  and  Southern  Turkestan. 


456 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1885, 


Of  this  immense  area  Boissier  investigated 
the  flora.  As  we  have  seen,  his  own  travels 
were  wide,  and  his  own  collections  extensive, 
but  neither  would  have  sufficed  for  the  region  in 
question.  By  the  collection  of  specimens  from 
other  travellers,  from  his  own  richly  stocked 
library,  and  his  relations  with  the  principal 
botanists  of  Europe,  Boissier  was  enabled  to 
elaborate  this  vast  Flora,  not  as  a  compiler,  but 
as  an  original  observer,  examining  and  com- 
paring for  himself  all  the  available  material. 
The  consequence  is  that  we  have  in  the  Flora 
Orientalis  a  singularly  clear,  well-balanced 
series  of  botanical  descriptions,  in  which  the 
critical  judgment,  no  less  than  the  industry  of 
the  author,  are  conspicuously  revealed. 

Boissier  was  in  no  sense  a  Darwinian.  To 
the  last  he  expressed  his  belief  in  the  exist- 
ence and  essential  immutability  of  species.  In 
spite  of  this  many  forms  originally  considered 
by  him  as  distinct  species,  and  published  as 
such  in  the  "  diagnoses,"  were  relegated  by 
him  to  the  rank  of  varieties  in  the  more 
matured  and  elaborated  Flora.  In  another 
point  Boissier  differed  from  most  of  the  lead- 
ing systematists.  In  one  sense  this  is  a  mere 
technical  detail,  but  it  is  important  also  as  an 
indication  of  his  mode  of  thought  and  of  the 
views  he  entertained  as  to  the  nature  of  species. 
Every  plant,  we  may  explain,  according  to 
Linnean  ordinance,  has  two  names,  one  generic, 
the  other  specific.  These  names  are  assigned 
in  the  first  instance  by  the  discoverer  or  de- 
scriberof  the  particular  plant,  and  which  hence- 
forth bears  in  botanical  books  a  third  name — 
that  of  the  author  of  the  species,  thus,  Nymph:ca 
lutea,  Linn.-cus.  In  course  of  time,  from  the 
examination  of  better  material,  or  from  more 
complete  investigation,  or  other  cause,  it  maybe 
considered  necessary  by  some  botanists  to  alter 
the  name  of  the  plant  by  putting  it  into  another 
genus  and  consequently  giving  it  another  generic 
name.  Thus,  in  the  instance  above  cited,  Smith 
proposed  the  genus  Nuphar  as  distinct  from 
Nymphcea,  and  in  consequence  in  most  books 
the  plant  now  stands  as  Nuphar  luteum  of 
Smith,  Nymph.x-a  lutea  of  Linnxus  being  cited 
as  a  synonym.  The  rule  generally  followed 
is  to  adopt  the  name  proposed  by  him  who 
has  placed  the  particular  species  under  what 
is,  or  what  is  assumed  to  be,  the  right  genus 
and  to  attach  to  the  desiijnation  of  the  plant 
the  name  of  the  botanist  in  question,  not  that 
of  the  original  describer  of  the  plant,  whose 
name,  however,  finds  a  place  in  the  synonymy. 
But  Boissier  and  a  few  others,  considering 
species  to  be  unchanging,  naturally  attached 
more  importance  to  the  specific,  or  as  they  con- 
sider the  invariable,  than  to  the  generic  charac- 
ters, and  consequently  to  the  specific  rather  than 
to  the  generic  name.  Such  persons  consider  that 
more  importance  pertains  to  the  man  who  de- 
scribes a  plant  for  the  first  time  than  to  him  who 
puts  it  into  its  right  place  in  the  system,  and  that, 
therefore,  it  is  an  act  of  justice  to  retain  his 
name  for  the  combination  of  words  constituting 
the  name  of  the  plant,  even  though  the  combi- 
nation in  question  is  not  the  one  framed  by  him. 
Thus  in  the  case  above  cited  Boissierwrites  "Nu- 
phar luteum,  Linnaeus  sub  Nympha;a,"  because 
he  attaches  more  importance  to  the  original  dis- 
covery, or,  in  this  case,  to  the  delimitation  of  the 
species,  than  to  its  more  correct  allocation.  One 
great  objection  to  this  practice  is  the  fact  that  it 
attributes  to  Linnaaus  an  opinion  he  could  not 
possibly  have  had,  since  the  genus  Nuphar  was 
published  subsequently.  Again,  it  is  most 
desirable  that  it  should  be  known  that  the  suffix 
of  the  name  of  any  botanist  to  a  specific  name  is 
merely  for  purposes  of  identification  and  for 
greater  facility  of  reference,  and  that  of  itself  it 
confers  nr  er  credit  nor  discredit  on  any  par- 
ticular botanist.  Hence  the  question  of  justice 
or  injustice  has  really  no  place  at  all  in  the 
matter. 

But  to  revert  to   Boissier's   main   work,  we 
must  not  omit  to  meiKion  his  monograph  of  the 


species  of  Euphorbia  in  De  Candolle's  Prodro- 
mus — an  excellent  sample  of  his  powers,  and 
which  was  accompanied  by  the  publication 
(separately)  of  a  series  of  excellent  illustrations. 
In  his  botanical  work  Boissier  received  much 
assistance  from  George  Frani;ois  Reuter,  a 
friend  for  forty  years— one  who  accompanied 
him  in  his  travels,  and  who,  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  in  1S72,  was  his  constant  companion 
and  assistant.  Reuter  was,  in  fact,  to  Boissier 
what  Bornet  was  to  Thuret. 

But  while  his  life's  work  was  devoted  strictly 
to  scientific  botany,  Boissier  sought  recreation, 
and  occupied  his  leisure  in  gardening.  He 
took  great  interest  in  the  culture  of  alpine 
plants,  of  which  he  had  a  fine  collection  at 
Valeyres,  and  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Society  for  the  Protection  of  Alpine  Plants  and 
of  the  Jardin  d'Acclimatation  at  Geneva  pre- 
sided over  by  M.  Correvon. 

M.  Boissier  took  much  interest  in  the  pro- 
posed Primula  Conference,  and  had  promised, 
in  a  letter  to  the  present  writer  dated  only 
a  few  weeks  since,  to  communicate  some 
observations  on  a  weevil  which  attacked  the 
primulaceous  plants  in  his  garden,  and  on  the 
best  means  of  destroying  it.  Orchids  also 
were  cultivated  by  M.  Boissier,  who  possessed 
one  of  the  few  collections  of  these  plants  in 
Switzerland.  M.  Boissier's  communications  to 
this  journal  were  only  occasional,  but  we  fre- 
quently had  the  privilege  of  consulting  him, 
on  behalf  of  our  readers  or  ourselves,  upon 
Eastern  plants  ;  and  his  last  letter,  received 
only  a  short  time  before  his  decease,  lies  before 
us  unanswered. 

His  death  removes  from  us  almost  the  last  of 
the  great  systematic  botanists  of  that  particular 
school,  and  such  is  the  course  of  events  that  we 
do  not  at  present  see  by  whom  the  work  is  to 
be  carried  on  in  the  future,  but  it  is  so  essential 
that  we  do  not  doubt  that  eventually  successors 
will  be  found  to  take  up  the  work. 


Firs,  Lawrie  Park,  Sydenham.    As  to  this  Angraecum, 
I  had  it  from  Mr.  F.  Sander.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


m 


CAT  rLlCV.-V  LUCIENIANA,  n.  J:yb.  nit.  .'  * 
A  LOVF.i.v  Catlleya,  with  the  bulbs  and  leaves  of 
Catlleya  Hatiisoniana,  and  a  flower  much  like  that  of 
Cattleya  Isabella;,  Rchb.,  but  much  daiker  and  richer 
in  colour.  The  rather  narrow  sepals  and  petals  are  of 
a  fine  brown,  most  beautifully  enlivened  by  a  wash  of 
purple.  The  lip  is  trifid.  Its  side-lacini.-e  are  blunt 
triangular,  the  mid-Iacini?;  cuneate  cordate  emargi- 
nate,  of  the  richest  purple,  the  disc  between  the  side- 
laciniae  having  red  keels.  The  side-lacini.x?  are  pale 
yellow,  with  thick  reddish  veins.  Column  white, 
with  purple  lines  on  side,  and  numerous  small  points 
of  purple.  The  front  side  of  the  column  is  whitish- 
yellow  at  the  base,  with  numerous  purple  lines  around 
the  border  of  the  fovea.  One  might  take  it  for  a  dark 
Cattleya  Isabellae,  and  so  I  did  on  first  sight  ;  the  lip, 
however,  has  the  anterior  lacinia  granulate,  and  the 
inner  base  of  the  column  is  broken  up  in  keels.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  its  parents  are  Cattleya  Forbesii  and 
guttata  or  granulosa.  It  is  dedicated  with  pleasure 
to  M.  Lucien  Linden,  who  kindly  sent  it  to  me. 
If.    G.  Rchb.f. 

ANGR.-ECUM   APICULATUM    (Hook.)    DORMANIANUM, 

n.  var. 
This  is  said  to  be  very  few-leaved,  so  that  I  highly 
appreciate  the  receipt  of  a  leaf  nearly  a  span  long, 
and  much  in  the  way  of  those  of  Angraecum  apicu- 
latum  Kirkii,  unequally  bidentate  at  the  top,  much 
cuneate  at  the  base.  It  has  a  one-sided  raceme, 
with  flowers  like  those  of  A.  apiculatum,  but  smaller, 
with  deep  vermilion- flaked  ovaries  and  vermilion  tops 
to  the  sepals.  Having  observed  the  variability  of 
Angraecum  apiculatum  Kirkii  I  feel  pretty  sure  that 
Mr.  Dorman's  plant  belongs  to  this  species.  I  feel 
great  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  rare  thing  to  my 
excellent    correspondent,    Mr.    C.    Dorman,    of  The 

•  CatlhyaL,i::L;,tin,ui.—CMl\ei<i  foliis  Cattleya;  Harrisoni- 
anse,  Bat.  :  scpalis  tepalisque  Ilgulatis  obtuse  aculis.  labelli 
laciniis  lateratibus  Iriangulis  obtuse  acutis  antrorsis.  venis 
superae  incrassatis.  lacinia  mediana  cuneato-oblotiga  emargi- 
nata  supra  praesertim  disco  papuloso  linea  mediana  disci  inter- 
lacimas  laterales  pluricarinata ;  columna  basi  antice  pluricari- 
nata.  H.  G.  Rcht.  /. 


SOLDANELLA   ALPINA. 

A  DAINTY  little  plant,  familiar  in  gardens  forty  or 
fifty  years  ago,  but  which  had  well-nigh  disappeared, 
save  from  botanic  gardens,  till  it  shared  in  the 
renaissamc  of  hardy  plants  which  has  happily  set  in. 
It  is  not  uncommon  in  the  higher  pastures  in  Switzer- 
land, where  its  dark  green  coin-shaped  leaves  and 
fringed  slaty-blue  flowers  always  attract  attention. 
It  is  of  easy  cultivation  in  pots  in  rich  but  light  loamy 
soil,  or  on  the  rockwork  beneath  the  shelter  of  stones, 
where  the  plant  can  secure  the  moisture  it  needs. 

Our  illustration  (fig.  96)  is  one  of  a  series  by  Mr. 
Scott  Wilson,  taken  "on  the  spot,"  and  will  be 
appreciated  for  its  faithfulness. 

There  are  two  or  three  other  species  all  much  alike. 
S.  minima  is  a  reduced  copy  of  S.  montana,  and 
there  are  white  varieties  of  the  latter  occasionally 
seen  in  cultivation. 


GARDEN    ROSES. 

There  has  always  existed  a  sort  of  quiet  feud 
between  botanists  and  florists,  the  former  regarding 
the  latter  with  some  degree  of  horror  as  an  awful 
intermeddler  in  his  province,  taking  flower  alter 
flower  into  his  hateful  embraces,  altering  its  character 
so  that  its  own  mother  would  not  know  it,  and  creating 
dire  confusion  in  his  nomenclature  and  arrangements — 
even  the  sacred  ground  of  Orchids  not  being  safe  from 
his  insidious  attempts  ;  and  hence,  in  speaking  of  the 
florist's  work  he  has  various  satirical  phrases  to 
express  his  dislike,  and  "damns  with  faint  praise" 
his  choicest  work.  [Darwin's  researches  and 
theories  have  altered  this  stale  of  things.  Ed.] 
On  the  other  hand,  the  florist  looks  upon  a  large 
portion  of  the  botanist's  demesne  as  "Weeds,  sir, 
weeds  ;  "  wonders  how  people  can  go  into  ecstacies 
over  a  thing  it  requires  a  microscope  to  see,  or 
which  mjy  be  picked  up  in  any  hedgerow.  Let 
the  two  walk  together  through  a  Rose  show  ;  the 
former  will  be  dragging  almost  the  arm  out  of  the 
socket  of  his  brother,  while  he  bids  him  look  at  the 
simple  beauty  of  Rosa  rugosi  or  berberifolia  Hirdii  ; 
the  latter  is  pulling  his  friend  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion to  admire  the  full  bloom  beauties  of  a  Marie 
Krumann  or  Li  France,  or  the  golden  cup  of  a  Mare- 
chal  Niel,  and  asks  him  if  it  is  possible  that  he  does 
not  see  far  greater  beauty  there  than  in  those  poor 
simple  weeds. 

The  former  have  received  an  accession  of  strength  of 
late  years  from  those  who  are  neither  botanists  nor 
florists,  but  who  imagine  themselves  to  be  .-eithetics, 
although  the  greater  portion  o(  them  have  as  much 
claim  to  the  title  as  they  have  to  being  readers,  who 
ikim  over  the  monthly  and  quarterly  Reviews,  and 
ihink  they  can  then  talk  on  any  subject  under  the 
sun;  they  have  introduced  the,  worship  of  the  Sun- 
flower, and  the  extravaganzas  of  "Patience"  or  "The 
Colonel  "  are  not  so  much  of  exaggeration  as  some 
would  imagine.  These  good  people  go  into  ecstacies 
over  a  single  Dahlia,  and  condemn  as  barbarous  the 
most  finished  show  or  fancy  flowers  ;  they  condemn 
our  Marie  Baumann,  Charles  Leiebvre,  &c.,  to  hopeless 
perdition,  and  ask  us  to  go  into  ecstacies  over  the 
wild  Rose  or  some  of  the  single  Roses  which  are  to  be 
found  in  some  gardens.  When,  then,  we  continually 
hear  the  cry  for  garden  Roses,  it  is  as  well  to  look  at 
the  matter  fairly,  and  see  what  it  is  that  is  wanted,  or 
what  persons  mean  when  they  cry  out  for  garden 
Roses. 

If  there  is  one  quality  more  than  another  for  which 
a  garden  flower  of  any  description  is  valuable,  it  is 
that  of  the  length  of  its  flowering  period,  and  it  is 
in  this  quality  that  so  many'of  the  exhibition  Roses 
excel.  And  although  the  term  hybrid  perpetual  is  a 
misnomer,  and  the  French  one,  hybridc  rcnionlantc^ 
much  more  correct,  yet  it  is  amongst  this  class  that 
we  must  look  for  Roses  when  they  are  so  valuable, 
after  the  true  Rose  season  is  over,  and  we  can  in 
chill  October,  and  even  in  November,  gather  for 
them  a  very  respectable  bouquet. 

There  are  three  divisions  into  which  what  are 
called  garden  Roses  may  be  divided  roughly  :  1st, 
single-flowered  Roses ;  2d,  the  Moss,  gallica,  and 
hybrid  China  sections,  which  are  in  fact  usually 
called  summer  Roses  ;  and  those  exhibition  Roses 
which    by   their    vigorous    growth  and   freedom    of 


OCTOllER    lO,     1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


457 


flowering  deserve  the  title.  And  with  regard  to  the 
hrst  of  these,  there  are  no  doubt  some  very  pretty 
and  ornamental  flowers.  Such,  for  instance,  is  the 
yellow  Persian  Brier,  a  rich  golden  flower,  blooms 
profusely  when  the  plant  is  well  established,  but 
somewhat  capricious  ;  then  there  is  the  very  pretty 
berberifoliaHardii(6g.  loi),  the  Japanese'Rosarugosa, 
and  rugosa  alba.  These,  and  others,  will  be  discoursed 
upon  by  ray  friend  Mr.  Girdlestone,  in  the  Rosarians^ 
Year  Book  for  1SS6.  Suffice  it  to  say  now,  with 
regard  to  them,  that  while  very  pretty  they  are  very 
evanescent,  and  when  cut  very  rapidly  fall.  I 
remember  some  years  ago  a  very  lovely  stand 
exhibited  at  a  local  show,  which  was  entirely  com- 
posed of  the  wild  Dog  Rose  ;  it  was  very  graceful  and 
elegant,  but,  alas  !  before  the  great  body  of  visitors 
came  the  flowers  had  passed  away,  and  the  judges 
were  much  taken  to  task  for  having  given  the  1st 
prize  to  such  3  faded  exhibition,     So  also  do  I  well 


full  of  Roses  ;  they  come  in  with  a  rush,  dazzle  and 
delight  us  by  their  beauty  and  perfume  ;  but  then  they 
pass  away,  no  second  bloom  of  any  kind  is  given  forth 
by  ihem,  and  in  vain  do  we  look  for  a  flower  after 
the  rosy  month  of  June  is  over.  Moreover,  I  think 
we  have  amongst  the  hybrid  perpetuals  Roses  which 
equal  them  in  form,  colour,  and  perfume,  while  they 
also  gratify  us  by  producing  blooms  at  various  periods 
until  frost  sets  in. 

The  National  Rose  Society  has  done  good  service 
with  regard  to  the  hybrid  perpetual,  and  Tea  Roses, 
by  giving  a  list  of  those  which,  although  not  exactly 
to  be  regarded  as  exhibition  Roses,  are  highly  decora- 
tive for  garden  purposes,  and  it  is  amongst  these  that 
I  believe  the  real  garden  Roses  will  be  found.  So 
many  pectins  who  grow  Roses  follow  out  the  direc- 
tions which  are  given  on  the  subject  of  culture,  and 
especially  on  pruning,  that  the  Roses  in  their  gardens 
are  formed  on  the  model  of  exhibition  roseries ;  the 


Fig.  96.— soldanella  alpina.     (see  p.  456.) 


remember  a  sound  rating  I  once  received  from  a  lady 
because  I  had  awarded  a  1st  prize  to  a  breast 
spray,  because  there  was  a  single  Rose  in  it.  I  bore 
the  rating  meekly.  It  was  in  vain  I  said  we  had  to 
judge  by  what  things  were  at  the  time,  not  by  what 
they  might  have  been  or  would  be. 

The  second  class  of  Roses  which  come  under  the 
term  garden  Roses  are  those  which  are  sometimes 
called  old-fashioned  Roses,  and  are  mostly  of  the 
sections  I  have  already  mentioned.  It  is  dilticult,  I 
think,  to  call  the  Moss  Roses  decorative  ;  very  beauti- 
ful they  are  in  the  bud,  but  open  they  are  then 
sprawling,  ill-coloured  flowers.  We  all  love  the  Moss 
Rose,  but  it  is  only  for  its  bud  and  its  sweet  perfume 
that  we  love  it.  Then  there  is,  again,  the  pretty  little 
De  Meaux,  and  the  mossy  variety  of  it.  These  ought 
not  to  be  absent  from  the  garden,  although  they  can 
hardly  be  regarded  as  decorative.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  some  of  the  hybrid  Chinas,  &c.,  such 
Roses  as  Chenedole,  Charles  Lawson,  the  old  Cab- 
bage, Blaiiii  No.  2,  Madame  Plantier,  cSic,  are  very 
decorative  objects  when  you  get  good  plants  of  them, 
but  then  they  all  come  into  flower  when  the  garden  is 


plants  are  kept  dwarf,  cut  back  tolerably  hard  from 
year  to  year,  and  thus  do  not  develope  into  those 
large  proportions  which  those  who  call  out  for 
garden  Roses  consider  necessary  ;  but  there  is  no 
reason  why  this  should  be  so.  Take  any  vigorous 
growing  hybrid  perpetual  or  Tea,  and  instead  of 
pruning  hard,  endeavour  to  make  a  bush  of  it,  atid 
there  is  no  reason  whatever  why  you  should  not 
succeed  in  having  a  grand  decorative  plant,  and  with 
good  and  well  developed  flowers  on  it.  I  remember 
some  years  ago  seeing  at  Major  Denniston's,  at  Roslea, 
on  the  Clyde,  a  bush  of  La  France  :  it  was  at  least 
6  feet  through,  and  about  the  same  in  height  :  it  was 
one  mass  of  flower,  and  yet  so  good  were  they  that  a 
dozen  blooms  from  it  obtained  the  1st  prize  for  the 
best  twelve  of  any  one  Rose  at  the  Helensburgh  Rose 
Show — a  sufficient  proof  that  a  decorative  plant  need 
not  be  full  of  "rubbishy"  blooms.  I  have  a  plant 
of  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  in  my  own  garden  which 
is  thirty-three  years  old,  it  has  been  cut  tolerably  hard, 
as  may  be  imagined,  from  the  fact  that  it  is  even  now 
not  more  than  3  feet  high ;  it  had  this  autumn  up- 
wards of  150  blooms  upon  it,  and  with  a  little  care 


many  of  these  might  have  been  placed  in  a  stand  of 
4S'£,  although  at  its  best  it  is  not  what  is  strictly 
called  an  exhibition  Rose  ;  and  there  are  such  Roses 
as  Madame  Isaac  Periere,  and  Madame  Clemence 
Joigneaux,  of  which  it  may  be  safely  said  you  can 
make  any  sized  plant  you  like  of  them  ;  so  vigorous  is 
the  former  that  a  friend  of  mine,  Mr.  Williams,  of 
Alderminster,  near  Scratford-on- Avon,  has  distributed 
plants  of  it  among  his  parishioners  to  train  up  their 
houses,  where  its  ftne  blooms  will  add  greatly  10  the 
charm  of  the  village.  On  going  round  my  small  garden 
this  morning  (October  2)even  after  all  the  cold  frosty 
nights  and  drenching  rains  with  which  we  were  visited 
last  month,  I  find  that  I  can  gather  fairly  respectable 
blooms  of  such  varieties  as  Baroness  Rothschild,  Jules  ' 
Margottin,  White  Baroness,  Edward  Morren,  Captain 
Christy,  A.  K,  Williams,  &c.  I  need  not  say  that 
what  we  ordinarily  speak  of  as  "  dear  old-fashioned 
Roses,"  have  nothing  but  leaves  on  them. 

And  what  shall  be  said  of  the  Tea  Roses  ?  My 
Tea  bed  is  now  full  of  flower,  notwithstanding  the 
boisterous  and  severe  weather  to  which  they  have  . 
been  exposed.  I  can  gather  a  sheaf  of  them  any  day 
I  like,  and  it  should  be  remembered  that  some  of  the 
very  best  exhibition  Roses  amongst  them  are  also  the 
most  vigorous  growers ;  take,  for  example,  Marie 
Van  Houtte  :  this  is  quite  vigorous  enough  to  be 
made  a  pillar  Rose,  and  yet  what  can  be  more  exqui- 
sitely lovely  ttan  it  is?  Then  Madame  Lambard  is 
one  of  the  best  growers  and  the  freest  autumnal 
bloomer  that  we  have,  while  its  varieties  of  colour  make 
it  something  remarkable.  I  have  cut  from  the  same 
branch  a  flower  of  brilliant  red  and  another  pure 
yellow,  and  this  I  think  is  one  of  its  great  charms. 
Perle  des  Jardins,  Bouquet  d'Or,  Rubens,  Comtesse 
Riza  du  Pare,  Jean  Ducher,  are  all  varieties  that  are 
now  giving  their  third  series  of  blooms,  and  they  are  as 
vigorous  as  Roses  need  be  ;  and,  in  fact,  where  Teas 
can  be  grown  in  the  open  they  are  of  all  classes  that 
which  gives  the  most  enjoyment  for  the  longest  time, 
blooming  early  and  late. 

If  then  these  statements  are  deserving  of  consider- 
ation, the  conclusion  that  might  be  drawn  from  them 
is  this— that  no  garden  ought  to  be  without  some  few 
of  the  summer-flowering  Roses,  moss  and  others ; 
and  that  where  space  is  of  no  irioment,  a  goodly 
number  of  them  may  be  grown,  and  treated  in  any 
manner  that  one  likes  ;  but  that  those  whose  space  is 
limited  will  do  well  to  rely  for  garden  decoration  on 
the  more  vigorous  growing  of  the  hybrid  perpetuals 
and  the  Teas,  as  giving  them  a  longer  period  of 
blooming,  and  at  the  same  time  beautiful  and  lasting 
flowers.    lVi!,l  Rose. 


THE   HOME    OF  L^LIA  MONO- 

PHYLLA  (Hook.).* 

During  a  recent  collecting  trip  in  the  St.  Andrew's 
mountains  it  was  my  good  fortune  to  meet  with  this 
exquisite  little  plant  in  fine  condition  and  in  fair 
quantity.  The  elevation  at  which  it  grows  is  some 
4500  feet  above  sea-level,  in  a^temperatur«  of  65°— 66° 
Fahr.  (mean  annual).  The  stems  and  lower  branches 
of  trees,  covering  a  ridge  trending  from  east  to  west, 
were  lor  the  course  of  some  half  a  mile  bearing  numer- 
ous specimens  of  the  plant  in  full  flower.  It  appeared 
to  prefer  the  naked  or  slightly  moss-covered  stem  to 
the  knaurs  or  places  containing  decomposing  vege- 
table matter,  usually  the  favourite  resting-place  of 
many  of  the  native  Orchids.  It  would  appear  to  be 
freely  reproduced  from  seed,  as  young  plants  were 
present  in  various  sizes  from  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
upwards.  In  its  young  state,  and  even  when  mature, 
unless  in  flower,  it  would  often  be  mistaken  for  young 
plants  of  the  common  and  more  widely  distributed 
Tetramicra  montana,  Grisebach.  The  sparingly 
sheathed  scape  varies  from  barely  2  inches  to  more 
than  6,  and  the  leaves  from  2  to  4  inches,  while  the 
whole  plant  sometimes  measures  1  foot  in  length,  bear- 
ing flowers  of  a  size  corresponding  to  its  vigour.  The 
plant  was  well  figured  and  described  by  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  at  t.  66S3,  Bol.  Mag.,  but  though  the  figure 
without  doubt  correctly  represents  the  plant  as  seen 
under  cultivation,  it  gives  but  partially  its  habitual 
characteristic  of  pendulous  growth  as  seen  under 
natural  conditions  in  its  native  home,  in  the  shady 
primeval  forest. 

It  was  noticed  that  plants  were  seldom  found  at  a 

*  Synonymy. — Laelia  monophylla.  N.  E.  Brown,  Gardeners 
Chronicle,  vol.  xviii.,  p,  782  j  Trigonidiutn  monophyllum,  Grise- 
bach. Fl.  Brit.  U'est  Ind.,  p.  629  ;  Octodesmia  monophylla, 
Bcntham,  in  Gen,  Plant,  vol.  lii.,  P-  526-    (From  Bat.  Mas-) 


458 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,   1SS5. 


grsater  height  from  the  ground  than  about  10  or  12 
feet,  a  fact  which  would  apparently  indicate  that  it 
requires  protection  from  the  influences  of  sun  and 
wind,  to  which  it  would  be  exposed  if  growing  at  a 
greater  height.  The  plant  at  present  has  been  found 
in  but  two  localities,  about  6  or  S  miles  apart,  at 
similar  elevations,  and  though  it  would  thus  appear  to 
be  extremely  local  in  its  habitat,  the  possibility  is 
that  it  will  in  couse  of  time  be  also  met  with  in  other 
parts  of  Jamaica  situated  under  the  same  conditions 
as  to  elevation  and  temperature.  J.  H.  Hart,  Siiper- 
intcndcnl  Government  Cinchona  Plantation,  j^amaicj, 
Sejilcmbcr,  lSS> 


"THE    MOTE." 

The  Mole  Paik,  near  Maidstone,  is  the  residence 
of  the  Dowager  Lady  Howard  de  Walden.  In  pro- 
ceeding from  Maiditone  to  the  gardens  the  visitor 
passes  an  ornamental  lake,  well  stocked  with  water- 
fowl, which  forms  a  very  attractive  feature.  Where  a 
large  establishment  like  this  has  to  be  regularly  sup- 
plied with  fruit  and  Vegetables  the  means  at  the  com- 
mand of  the  gardener  have  to  be  very  liberal,  and 
they  are  so  here.  The  ranges  of  fruit-houses  are 
very  extensive  ;  but  it  is  necessary  to  make  additions 
to  them,  and  the  work  has  been  entrusted  to  Messr?. 
Foster  &  Pearson,  li'eston,  Notts,  who  are  carrying 
cut  the  detaiU  of  the  work  entrustad  to  their  charge 
in  a  very  able  manner. 

The  most  noticeable  obj-ect  io  the  hothouse  depart- 
ment is  a  range  of  five  vineries  containing  excellent 
crops  of  Grapes.  The  late  house  is  planted  with 
Lady  Uowne's,  Alicante,  and  Gros  Colmar.  The 
next  house  is  a  Muscat,  then  a  house  for  early 
Hamburgh  ;  next  a  house  of  well-coloured  Muscats  ; 
and  lastly,  a  house  that  has  but  recently  been  planted 
with  Black  Hambiirgh.  The  young  Vines  have  made 
very  even  and  vigorous  growth,  and  are  carrying 
their  fir.it  crop  of  splendid  bunches;  but  it  is  of  the 
older  Vines  that  a  lesion  might  be  learned  most  use- 
ful to  the  members  of  iha  ancient  craft.  When  Mr. 
Davies  took  charge  of  the  gardens,  experienced 
Grape  growers  were  of  opinion  that  the  best  thing  to 
do  with  the  Vines  {which  had  got  into  bad  condition) 
was  to  grub  them  up,  remake  the  borders— of  course 
at  considerable  expense  and  loss  of  time — and  replant 
wiih  young  Vines.  This  arrangement  did  not  quite 
meet  with  the  ready  approval  of  the  new  gardener  ; 
he  thought  it  would  be  better  to  try  what  could  be 
done  with  the  old  Vines  ;  and  with  no  more  expensive 
alteration  thin  good  surface-dressings  judiciously  ap- 
plied, and  careful  management  of  the  internal  arrange- 
ments of  houses— a  good  system  of  ventilation,  water- 
ing, sprinkling  the  paths  and  surface  of  the  borders, 
&c.,  the  Vines  are  now  bearing  large  crops  of  as  good 
grapes  as  need  be  placed  upon  any  table.  Here,  then, 
I  think  a  lesson  may  be  learned,  that  it  is  not  always 
well  for  gardeners  to  make  changes  of  a  too  radical 
kind,  nor  to  put  their  employers  to  expenses  which 
may  be  unnecessary;  but  Mr.  Davies  is  evidently 
a  master  of  Vine  culture,  as  in  another  house  we 
find  a  set  of  young  Vmes  in  pots  grown  from 
eyes  during  the  present  season,  and  their  appear- 
ance suggests  that  next  year  they  will  be  laden  with  a 
heavy  crop  of  Grapes;  and  if  further  evidence  be 
wanted,  here  is  another  house  containing  a  lot  of  pot 
Vines  in  fruit  that  had  been  grown  from  eyes  last 
year.  The  Vines  are  in  13-inch  pots  ;  and  they  have 
borne  on  an  average  iS  lb.  of  Grapes.  Some  of  the 
bunches  that  have  been  cut  weighed  3  lb.,  and  others 
hanging  on  the  Vines  promise  to  make  good  the 
statement  made  to  me  by  Mr.  Davies  to  the  eftjct 
that  when  such  heavy  crops  are  grown  on  pot-Vines 
the  Grapes  do  not  colour  well,  but  the  tiavour  is 
excellent. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines  are  also  well  grown.  There 
are  several  long  houses,  mostly  lean-to,  devoted  to 
their  culture  ;  they  are  neither  lofty  nor  wide.  Most 
cultivators  have  found  out  by  experience  that  large 
houses  are  not  the  best  for  fruit  culture,  and  for 
Peaches  wide  and  high  houses  mean  a  loss  of  capital. 
Mr.  Davies  considers  Royal  George  the  best  Peach. 
Barrington  is  also  grown  for  a  late  one,  and  of  this 
I  saw  some  superb  specimens,  which  would  have  a 
very  fine  appearance  on  the  dessert-table.  The  three 
Nectarines  most  esteemed  are  Pine-apple,  Violette 
Hative,  and  Stanwick  Elruge.  The  trees  in  pots 
were  in  excellent  condition,  and  had  a  fine  effect 
placed  in  a  single  row  alongside  the  path.  We  have 
grown  our  Peaches  and  Nectarines  on  the  same  prin- 


ciple as  they  are  grown  here  ;  that  is,  some  planted 
cut,  and  a  greater  variety  in  pots.  It  is  very  inter- 
esting indeed  to  grow  and  prove  new  or  scarce  kinds 
in  pots  ;  in  some  cases  the  fruit  from  pot  trees  is  noj 
only  more  beautiful,  but  of  better  quality. 

Large  quantities  of  Melons  are  also  grown  ;  the 
houses  for  these  have  much  steeper  pitch  than  one 
usually  sees.  The  Melons  succeed  quite  as  well 
in  such  houses  during  the  summer  months,  and 
in  winter  they  do  well  in  these,  when  the  fruit  would 
be  worthless  from  houses  with  roof-lights  at  an  anj^ie 
of  45".  Sjme  young  plants  were  being  prepared  to 
be  planted  as  soon  as  the  crop  at  present  ripening  is 
removed.  These  would  bear  fruit  of  good  quality  to 
ripen  at  Christmas.  The  varieties  grown  are  hybrid 
Cashmere  and  Eistnor  Castle. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  are  grown  in  many 
houses,  the  plan'.s  mostly  of  small  size,  suitable  to  the 
requirements  of  such  a  large  establishment.  In  one 
hothouse  I  found  some  very  fine  plants  of  Eucharis 
amazonica  ;  the  largest  and  best  was  grown  in  a 
l2-inch  pot  ;  there  were  nine  spikes  of  flowers  on  it, 
and  from  seven  to  eight  flowers  on  each.  This  large 
plant  had  tiowered  three  times  in  a  year,  the  small  ones 
twice  in  the  some  period.  The  healthy  condition  of 
the  plants  led  to  a  conversation  on  the  recent  losses  in 
some  gardens  from  disease.  We  seemed  agreed  on  the 
point  that  the  probable  cause  of  some  losses  was  in 
the  management  of  the  plants  ;  and  since  I  was  at 
The  Mote  one  good  grower  called  here,  and  as  our 
plants  had  the  same  healthy  appearance  I  was  asked 
if  we  had  ever  had  any  disease,  and  as  1  replied  in 
the  negative  he  remarked  it  was  his  opinion  that 
disease  was  only  a  creation  of  the  brain  of  some  cul- 
tivators. [It  is,  however,  only  loo  real.  Ed.]  I 
may  remark  that  the  Eucharis  dislikes  to  be  dis- 
turbed at  the  roots.  When  the  bulbs  have  been 
parted  out  separately  and  repotted,  they  very  often 
decay  at  the  roots,  some  die,  others  take  a  long 
time  to  recover,  and  it  is  only  by  great  care  in  water- 
ing, and  also  in  other  details  of  the  management,  that 
they  ultimately  recover  themselves  and  grow  again 
into  good  flowering  specimens.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  the  decaying  bulbs  soon  become  infested  with 
fungoid  growths  which  may  be  considered  a  disease 
by  some,  but  which  is  doubtless  only  the  natural 
result  of  decay.  [  There  is  not  the  slightest  doubt 
that  the  miles  eat  the  healthy  bulbs.   Ed.] 

An  important  feitureis  the  collection  of  Orchids  in 
course  of  formation;  some  of  the  choicest  species,  and 
varieties  of  species,  have  been  purchased,  and  it  is  very 
interesting  indeed  to  an  Orchid  fancier  to  notice  the 
recently  imported  plants,  and  to  make  a  comparison 
in  the  mind's  eye  of  those  in  his  own  and  others 
collections.  Here  in  the  Mexican-house  are  a  few 
plants  of  Cattleya  Liwrenceana,  one  of  them  with  a 
strong  sheath.  The  white  La^lia  anceps,  purchased 
from  the  immense  importations  landed  in  London  in 
the  spring,  is  doing  as  well  here  as  I  have  seen  it  any- 
where, but  the  growths  have  been  rather  disappoint- 
ing. The  bulbs  were  very  plump  when  purchased, 
and  I  expected  to  see  many  flowering-sheaths,  but  we 
have  none.  I  saw  none  here,  nor  have  I  seen  them  any- 
where else  as  yet.  I  see  they  are  again  making  a  fresh 
start.  Utricularla  Endresii  was  nicely  in  flower,  and 
the  pendulous  spikes  of  pale  bluish  flowers  are  quite 
charming.  A  fine  plant  of  Zygopetalum  crinitum  was 
expanding  its  distinct  and  beautiful  flowers,  three 
strong  spiUes  on  one  plant.  Fine  masses  of  Mor- 
modes  luxatum  eburneum,  one  of  them  flowering,  all 
developing  fine  bulbs.  This  is  a  very  beautiful  Or- 
chid, and  should  be  grown  in  every  select  collection. 
Schomburgkia  Lycnsii  is  represented  by  two  plants, 
one  showing  two  spikes,  the  other  one.  Oncidlum  cris- 
pum  gra  idillorum  is  forming  good  bulbs,  which 
are  certain  to  produce  good  spikes  next  year.  This  is  a 
splendid  Orchid.  Odontoglossum  bictonense  roseum 
is  a  very  beamiful  form  of  the  species.  This,  by 
the  way,  does  best  in  a  cool  house,  but  it  was  doing 
well  here.  Barkeria  elegans  was  also  in  flower ;  it  is 
a  charming  little  plant,  with  very  beautiful  flowers. 

In  the  warmest  house  Trichocentrum  albo-pur- 
pureum  was  difi"using  its  sweet  perfume;  it  has 
curious  but  not  pretty  flowers,  with  brown  sepals, 
petals  of  a  purple  tint,  and  lip  white.  The  pretty 
little  lonopsis  paniculata  was  well  furnished  with 
ciUiters  of  bluish-mauve  flowers.  A  large  mass  of 
Coryanthes  macranlha  had  flowered  ;  it  had  been 
placed  near  the  roof-glass  just  as  it  had  been  imported. 
The  plant  formed  a  large,  irregular,  roundish  mass  ; 
probably  inside  was  the  ants'  nest,  on  which  this 
curious   product  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  subsists  ; 


one  large  black  ant  crawled  out  from  the  interior 
while  I  was  looking  on  it. 

I  found  in  another  part  of  the  garden  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  show  Auriculas,  and  also  a  very  choice 
gathering  of  the  best  nanied  Amaryllis.  One  seldom 
sees  better  grown  bulbs  than  these  were,  and  I  found 
the  whole  of  them  in  a  cold  frame  fiom  which  the 
lights  had  been  removed  to  expose  the  plants  to 
sun  and  air.  In  such  an  extensive  garden  as  this  one 
might  linger  over  the  choicest  treasures  of  many 
lands,  and  fill  pages  of  descriptive  matter. 

I  had  just  time  to  take  a  hurried  run  through  the 
hardy  fruit  garden,  and  what  I  saw  there  mide  me 
envious.  Apples  and  Pears  were  a  good  crop,  and  the 
quality  of  the  fruit  was  such  as  cannot  be  excelled  in 
any  other  county.  The  choicest  Apples  and  Pears  are 
grown  on  oblique  cordons  ;  these  were  loaded  with 
fruit,  where  they  had  been  protected  in  the  spring  by 
close  netting.  Not  always  doss  the  protecting 
material  save  the  crops,  and  knowing  this,  I  inquired 
what  material  had  been  used  ?  It  is  obtained  from 
Cornwall,  and  is  termed  Eddy's  No  3  shading. 
Where  no  protection  had  been  given  to  the  trees 
many  had  failed.  On  a  wall  facing  east  some 
upright  cordons  were  loaded  with  splendid  fruit. 
The  varieties,  such  as  Williams'  Bon  Chietien,  Marie 
Louise,  Emile  d'Heyst,  and  Durandeau  were  very 
remarkable,  the  last  having  the  finest  looking  fruits. 
The  garden  has  suffiired  much  from  drought,  and  the 
crops  of  vegetables  and  fruits  have  been  kept  up  to  a 
high  standard  by  much  and  judicious  labour  expended 
on  watering,  y,  Douglas. 


LESCHENAULTIAS. 

The  Leschenaultias — or  more  properly  Lschenaullia, 
after  the  French  botanist  M.  Lechenault — are  most 
distinct  and  charming  greenhouse  plants,  that  are 
perhaps  in  danger  of  being  lost  to  cultivation  alto- 
gether. The  genus  seems  to  be  peculiar  to  New 
Holland,  from  whence  they  have  been  introduced 
during  the  last  sixty  years,  and  they  have  been  culti- 
vated during  that  period  to  a  high  state  of  perfection. 
At  no  period  during  the  last  half  century  have  they 
been  so  much  neglected  as  they  are  now.  One  visits 
garden  after  garden  and  nursery  after  nur-ery,  and  in 
none  of  them  are  such  plants  as  these  placed  in  a 
prominent  position.  So  much  are  they  kept  in  the 
background,  or  not  kept  anywhere,  that  young  gar- 
deners are  likely  to  grow  up  quite  unaware  of  the 
fact  that  such  plants  are  in  existence.  I  believe 
Messrs.  Low,  of  Clapton,  Messrs.  Veitch,  of  Chelsea, 
and  perhaps  other  large  firms,  could  produce  most  of 
the  species  now  in  cultivation,  but  perhaps  they  are 
seldom  called  on  to  do  so,  and  gentlemen  in  the  trade 
cannot  atibrd  to  grow  to  any  large  extent  plants  that 
that  there  is  no  demand  for.  The  whole  genus 
consists  of  easily  cultivated  plants  ;  being  natives 
of  New  Holland  they  are  greenhouse  plants, 
and  their  cultivation  may  be  summed  up  in 
a  few  sentences.  They  will  form  either  large 
or  small  specimens  according  to  the  amount  of 
pot-room  they  receive.  I  have  grown  and  flowered 
nice  little  specimens  in  6-inch  pots  ;  but  if  these 
are  intended  to  be  grown  on  into  large  specimens, 
the  plants  must  be  repotted  before  they  become  any- 
thing like  root-bound,  or  are  checked  in  their  free 
growth.  Let  us  suppose  a  healthy  young  plant  of 
any  of  the  species  is  growing  in  a  5  or  6-inch  pot,  and 
that  it  is  ready  to  be  repotted.  The  potting  soil 
ought  to  be  two  parts  of  turly  peat  and  one  part  of 
decayed  turfy  loam,  a  good  sprinkling  of  coarse  silver 
sand,  some  leaf-mould,  and  broken  up  charcoal. 
Drain  the  pots  well,  for  in  this  consists  the  future 
well-being  of  the  plants.  Over  [the  drainage  put 
some  fibre  from  which  most  of  the  peat  particles  has 
been  beaten  out  with  a  slick.  Pot  the  plants  into 
7  and  8-inch  pot,  without  disturbing  the  ball  of  roots 
much,  and  ramming  in  the  compound  moderately 
firm.  In  shifting  a  plant  from  one  pot  to  another, 
the  roots  ought  to  be  more  on  the  wet  than  the  dry 
side  ;  the  potting  soil  must  not  be  loo  dry,  and  when 
the  plant  has  been  potted  place  it  in  a  light  airy  place 
in  the  greenhouse,  but  do  not  be  in  a  hurry  to  give 
any  water.  In  dull  cold  weather  water  might  not  be 
required  for  a  week,  in  dry  hot  weather  it  might  be 
necessary  to  water  them  in  twenty-four  hours.  When 
I  was  a  young  gardener,  I  was  often  troubled  to 
know  how  often  a  plant  should  be  repotted.  Hard- 
wooded  plants,  such  as  these,  require  considerable  ex- 
perience to  deal  with  them  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 


October  io,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     ClIRONICLE- 


459 


One  plant  may  grow  away  freely,  and  another  under  the 
same  conditions  act  quite  contrary  to  that. 

Suppose  the  plants  do  grow  away  freely,  and  that 
they  are  repotted  in  March  :  they  would  have  to  be 
shifted  into  larger  pots  in  July  or  August,  which 
would  give  them  a  chance  to  be  well  established 
before  the  winter,  and  they  would  require  repotting 
again  in  March  of  the  following  year.  By  that  time 
they  will  be  large  healthy  specimens  in  12  or  13  inch 
pots.  The  most  troublesome  o(  the  insect  pests 
which  attacks  the  leaves  and  shoots  is  greenlly.  It  is 
the  same  colour  as  the  leaves,  and  clings  to  them  so 
closely  that  it  is  sometimes  not  observed  until  mis- 
chief is  done.  The  plants  when  small  may  be  dipped 
in  tobacco-water,  or  fumigated.  The  shoots  must  be 
tied  cut,  and  regulated  with  neat  stick=,  else  they 
hang  over  each  other,  and  form  heaps  or  thick  clusters. 
L.  formosa  was  the  first  introduction.  It  was  sent 
to  this  country  in  1S24,  and  immediately  became 
popular.  I(  forms  immense  masses  of  scarlet  flowers, 
and  when  well  grown  is  a  very  showy  greenhouse 
plant.  Since  that  date  many  fine  species  have  been 
introduced  from  the  Swan  River  colony — L.  biloba 
in  1S40.  The  variety  major  is  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  distinct  of  greenhouse  plants,  but  it  cannot 
be  induced  to  grow  into  a  nice  bushy  specimen  ;  the 
shools  grow  in  an  upright  position,  and  in  tying  them 
out  they  will  snap  off  at  a  joint.  They  do  not  form 
a  buih  unless  the  young  shoots  are  constantly 
stopped.  Some  twenty  years  ago  this  plant  was 
quite  a  pretty  feature  in  collections  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  at  the  London  exhibiiions. 

L.  splendens  and  L.  arcuata  were  discovered  by 
Drummond  in  the  Swan  River  colony,  who  sent  seeds 
to  Messrs.  Pince,  of  Exeter,  who  raised  plants,  and 
first  flowered  them  in  England.  L.  splendens  is  a 
very  handsome  species,  speedily  growing  into  a  well- 
formed  bush ;  its  brilliant  scarlet  flowers  are  very 
effective.  Those  who  would  be  desirous  of  growing 
a  collection  might  add  L.  Bixterii,  L.  oblata,  L. 
laricina,  and  L.  glauca— that  is,  if  they  are  all  in 
cultivation,  and  to  be  obtained  in  the  usual  way  of 
trade.   7-  Douglas, 


EIGHT  DAYS    IN  THE  GARDEN 
OF   ENGLAND. 

{Continued  /rout    /.    429) 

Ashhi;rto.\  and  Bucicland.  —  Before  leaving 
Totnes  we  had  an  indication  of  the  proximity  of  the 
mining  industry,  in  a  large  wooden  platform  with  a 
tramway  adjoining  it,  near  the  "Plains"  in  that 
borough,  upon  which  ore  was  spread  out  ;  but  at 
Ashburton,  a  district  stated  to  yield  not  only  slate, 
but  also  umber  and  other  metallic  ores,  but  little 
seemed  to  be  doing  in  this  way.  In  a  country  of 
water-power,  however,  mining  makes  comparatively 
little  show  beyond  a  big  wheel  and  the  chimney  of 
the  pumping-engine  by  the  side  of  more  or  less  over- 
grown heaps  of  waste,  that  may  be  conspicuous  on 
the  horizon,  as  is  the  deserted  "  Druid  "  mine,  on  the 
road  from  Ashburton  to  Buckland  :  there  is  none  of 
the  smoke-blackened  absence  of  vegetation  that  marks 
the  reign  of  coal  and  steam.  The  little  town  of  Ash- 
burton, with  its  North,  East,  and  West  Streets, 
meeting  at  a  point  that  has  on  a  Wednesday  to  do 
duty  as  a  cattle  market,  with  its  large,  neatly  restored 
church,  and  its  "  Latin  school,"  is  as  quiet  and  as 
clean  as  Totnes ;  and  one  feels  no  difficulty  in 
believing  in  the  authenticity  of  the  doorway  and 
leaden  pump  of  "  Tudor  Buildings  "  in  North  Street, 
said  to  date  from  A.D.  1490,  though  admittedly 
restored.  On  askingihe  verger  if  there  were  "any 
brasses  in  the  church"  we  got  the  reply,  "Oh, 
yea  ;  there's  two  chandeliers  ! "  Round  the  church  is 
a  fine  young  plantation  of  Conifers,  such  as  Cupressus 
macrocarpa,  Thuias,  &c.,  that  seem  obviously  in  air 
and  soil  that  agrees  with  them.  One  of  the  pecu- 
liarities of  South  Devon  that  at  once  strikes  a 
geologist,  is  the  fertility  of  almost  all  the  soils  into 
which  the  various  rocks  disintegrate,  whether  slate, 
limestone,  or  granite. 

Leaving  the  well-kept  garden  of  the  "  Golden 
Lion,"  in  which  we  heard  that  neither  Pears  nor  any 
but  bush  fruits  were  abundant  in  the  district,  we 
started  next  morning  for  the  special  pride  of  the 
Upper  Dart,  the  Buckland  Drives,  through  the  pro- 
perly of  B.  J.  P.  Bastard,  Esq.  Leaving  the  high 
road  rather  less  than  2  miles  north  of  the  town,  we 
found  ourselves  in  a  new  country,  a  land  of  Heather 
and  dwarf  Furze,   of  Musk  Mallow  and  Devil's-bit 


Scabious,  of  Scotch  Eirs,  limestone  crags,  and  wood- 
ants'  nests.  Our  road  ran  at  a  considerable  hti^ht 
above  the  level  of  Ashburton  or  of  the  Dart  ;  but 
above  it,  on  our  right,  the  ground  sloped  rapidly 
upwards  for  several  hundred  feet  more.  Clambering 
up  one  remarkable  crag,  known  as  Answell  Rock, 
where  it  seemed  as  if  some  giant  quarryman  had  been 
recklessly  hurling  down  a  heap  of  angular  blocks  of 
grey  limestone,  we  gained  a  magnificent  prospect 
from  its  summit.  Around  was  a  carpet  of  crimson 
Heather,  broken  here  and  there  by  ghostly  patches  of 
its  dead  stalks,  that  bleach  so  remarkably,  or  by  a  grey 
mass  of  stone  overgrown  with  Reindeer  moss  (Cla- 
donia  rangiferina)  and  other  lichens  :  to  the  north. 
were  the  heights  of  Buckland  Beacon,  with  its  altar- 
like summTt,  Rippon  Tor  and  lley  Tor,  the  latter  in 
the  mists  of  distance  ;  and  m  front  wound  the  silver 
streak  of  the  Dart  among  the  wooded  slopes  of  Ilolne 
Chase  and  Buckland,  some  Soo  or  900  feet  below  our 
feet,  whilst  beyond  appeared  those  characteristic 
heaps  of  granite,  the  "tors,"  ihat  crown  the  other- 
wise gently  rounded  hills  of  Dartmoor.  Descending 
to  a  little  stone  bridge  over  a  tributary  streamlet, 
dashing  down  amid  rocks  and  Ferns,  beneath  a  grove 
of  trees  where — 

"  Hard  by.  a  cottage  cliimney  smokes," 

we  reached  Buckland  Court,  Mr.  Bastard's  residence, 
the  gardens  of  which  were  our  primary  destination. 
The  kitchen  garden,  facing  sou'.h,  has  been  established 
only  two  years,  and  the  gaidener,  Mr.  Leach,  who 
received  us  with  every  courtesy,  has  many  thieving 
enemies  to  contend  with  from  the  surrounding  woods. 
He  has  good  soil  and  plenty  of  peat  and  leaf-mould 
within  reach,  whilst  a  stream  runs  through  the 
garden,  with  a  straight  course  which,  though  planle  I 
with  Osmunda  and  other  Ferns,  is  certainly  an  oppor- 
tunity for  beauty  neglected.  There  had  been  a  good 
crop  of  Raspberries,  Strawberries,  and  Peas,  though 
the  latter  were  now  suffering  from  drought,  and  here, 
as  elsewhere  in  South  Devon,  Fears  were  a  failure. 
The  fine  Lilium  auratum  that  had  been  out  for  tv,o 
years,  and  the  large  clumps  of  Fuchsia,  were  enough 
to  cause  envy  in  the  heart  of  a  Londoner  ;  and, 
though  his  flower-garden  is  overshadowded  by  trees, 
and  he  has  but  little  glass,  Mr.  Leach  has  Pentste- 
raons  and  Gloxinias  that  would  be  a  credit  to  a  place 
where  gardening  was  of  more  account  than  it  is  in 
"  the  garden  of  England. " 

Glancing  at  the  carved  wooden  chancel-screen  in 
the  church  we  re-entered  the  woods,  where  Wood- 
ruff", Periwinkle,  and  nnny  Ferns  and  lichens, 
luxuriated  under  the  shade  of  some  exceptionally  fine, 
straight-stemmed  young  Yews,  mixed  with  Birch  and 
other  timber.  Large  clumps  of  Blechnum,  with 
fronds  15  inches  in  length  ;  of  Lady  Fern,  over  3  feet 
high  ;  Laslrea  Oreopteris,  and  a  carpet  of  Whortle- 
berry, the  curious  tufts  of  Usnea  barbata,  and  many 
other  lichens  and  mosses,  the  berries  of  the  Rowan 
and  the  Gueldres  Rose,  lent  their  charms  to  the  path 
that  led  us  down  to  the  romantically  beautiful  banks 
of  the  Webber,  or  Webburn,  which  is  undoubtedly 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Dart. 
Through  a  thick  wood,  and  without  actual  cascade, 
this  typical  torrent  scrambles  over  rounded  ledges 
of  moss-grown  rock  in  silver  foam,  swirls  round  a 
black  pool,  where  the  sunlight  through  the  leaves 
glances  upon'yellow  shingle,  to  rush  inan  amber  torrent 
through  a  space  a  few  inches  wide  between  two  im- 
mense boulders,  and  then  recommences  its  succession  of 
foaming  fall,  still  pool  and  rushing,  bubbling  torrent, 
again  and  again,  for  2  or  3  miles  of  descent.  It 
reminded  me  of  no  spot  so  much  as  of  Stock  Ghyl, 
below  the  Force  ;  but  then  the  distance  thence  to 
Ambleside  is  trifling  compared  to  this  long  woodland 
panorama  of  beauty. 

Here  we  found  ourselves  now  upon  granite,  where 
pink  and  white  felspar  crystals  glistened  as  the  water 
distilled  over  them  from  the  dripping  mosses  and 
Ferns  of  the  slope  above,  and  now  upon  black  or  dark 
grey  Devonian  slate  or  limestone,  where  the  Golden 
Saxifrage  (Chrysosplenium  oppositifolium)  flourished 
under  a  similar  dripping  well,  and  where  the  Lady 
Fern  sent  up  fronds  that  we  found  by  measurement  to 
be  4  J  feet  in  length.  Holly,  small-leaved  Lime  and 
Alder,  were  plentifjl  hereabouts,  and  upon  the  leaves 
of  the  Lime  was  a  gall  very  similar  to  that  well  nigh 
universal  on  those  of  the  Alder. 

Following  the  Webburn  down  to  its  confluence 
with  the  Dart,  we  enjoyed  the  union  of  two  classes 
of  beauty  to  produce  a  third.  The  woodland  stream 
came  dashing  from  beneath  a  stone  archway  into  a 


far  broader,  shallower  stream,  coming  from  between 
slightly  sloping  banks  of  barren  moorland,  and  flaw- 
ing here  over  a  low-lying  shelf  of  slaty  rock  that 
jutted  out  into  mid-channel.  Here  on  a  heathy  patch, 
just  at  "  the  rivers'  meet, "we  found  our  first  specimens 
of  the  lovely  little  Ivy-leaved  Bdl-flower  (Wahlen- 
bergia  hederacea). 

From  the  bend  which  it  makes  on  receiving  the 
Webburn,  the  Dart  enters  upon  a  new  stage  in  its 
beauty.  l''ur  the  next  mile  its  course  is  virtually  a 
winding  gorge,  with  ground  rising  rapidly  on  either 
side  to  a  height  of  several  hundred  feet.  The  now 
shallow  stream,  shrunken  by  drought,  left  bare  patches 
of  the  granite  sand  that  it  had  coarsely  ground  off  ihe 
rocks  of  the  moor,  and  over  some  of  these  now  empty 
pools  we  noticed  the  red  leaf-stalks  of  the  Coral  Linden 
(Tilia  corallina).  Meanwhile,  as  we  were  gradually 
convincing  ourselves  that  what  appeared  like  mere 
shrubs  on  the  opposite  hills  of  Heine  Chase  were 
indeed  full-sized  Oaks  and  Birches,  the  latter  flecked, 
here  and  there,  with  autumnal  yellow,  with  slow  and 
solemn  flop  of  wings,  two  herons  sailed  overhead  on 
their  way  up  stream.  At  various  places  the  rocks  on 
either  side  of  the  river,  though  thickly  grown  with 
trees,  overhang  precipitously,  as  at  the  well-known 
"Lover's  L-ap  ;  "  but,  alter  leaving  the  Buckland 
estate  near  the  prettily-situated  Ilolne  Bridge,  the 
remaining  2  miies  of  the  return  walk  to  Ashburton  is 
comparatively  uninteresting.  Remembering,  how- 
ever, that  Charles  Kingsley  was  a  native  of  the 
village  of  Holne,  some  2  miles  off  among  the  moors, 
we  cannot  help  feeling  that  it  is  not  strange  that  he 
retained  through  life  so  strong  a  love  for  mootlar,d 
beauty.   G,  S.  Boulder. 

{To  be  continued.) 


INTERNATIONAL      POTATO 

EXHIBITION. 

Ti-;i.\L    Culture    of    Seedling    Potatos, 

1SS5. 

By  permission  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
the  seedling  Potatos  entered  for  the  International 
Exhibition  have,  as  in  former  years,  been  grown 
at  Chiswick  under  the  superintendence  of  a  sub- 
committee. Mr.  A.  F.  Barron  has  carried  out 
the  views  of  this  sub-committee  to  their  complete 
satisfaction,  and  they  have  made  a  report  that  will 
serve  as  the  'oasis  of  action  (or  the  judges  at  the  exhi- 
bition. 

The  seedlings  sent  for  trial  were  forty-two  in 
number  ;  they  were  planted  in  good  time  on  a  well- 
prepared  plot  of  ground,  fully  exposed  as  regards 
light  and  air,  but  having  the  advantage  of  shelter 
sufficient  to  ward  off  light  spring  frosts.  They  suf- 
fered no  check  from  frost,  and  throughout  the  season 
there  has  not  been  seen  upon  the  shaws  the  slightest 
sign  of  disease.  But  the  long-continued  droughts 
with  frequent  low  night  temperatures  delayed  growth, 
the  early  liftings  being  in  many  cases  insufliciently 
matured  for  a  sufficient  comparison  of  merits.  The 
later  liftings  were  for  Ihe  most  part  satisfactory  ;  rain 
had  improved  the  crop  without  causing  injurious 
second  growth,  but  a  few  sorts  were  noted  as  so  far 
promising  as  to  be  worth  special  attention  next  year. 

From  the-  forty-two  sorts  in  the  trial,  four  were 
selected  for  the  highest  award  in  the  garden,  namely, 
three  marks  for  heavy  cropping,  and  three  for  high 
table  quality.     The  names  of  these  are  :  — 

Faith  (Fenn). — Top  growth  neat,  tubers  whi'e, 
round,  neat,  uniform,  ripening  early.  One  of  the 
best  in  th3  trial. 

New  Fluie  (Ironside). — A  white  kidney  in  the  style 
of  the  Old  Fluke,  but  with  a  finer  skin  and  a  bolder 
form,  the  tubers  being  mostly  of  exhibition  standard. 
Crop  heavy,  and  quality  fine. 

General  Gordon  (Fidler). — A  white  round  in  the 
way  of  Schoolmaster ;  top  growth  strong,  tubers 
handsome. 

Tlie  Colonel  (Johnson). — A  capital  white-skinned 
variety  in  the  style  of  the  Old  Fluke  ;  rather  late,  but 
in  every  way  first-rate. 

The  following  were  found  to  be  productive  and 
worthy  of  commendation  for  the  present,  but  the 
awards  made  were  not  sufficiently  high  to  bring  them 
within  the  range  of  Certificates  in  the  present  season  : 
—Salisbury  (Ironside),  General  Gordon  (Fletcher), 
Charity(Fenn),ReadingGiant  (Fidler), agreat  cropper ; 
Bountiful  (Fidler),  Farmer's  Pride  (Hill),  Emblem 
(Ross),  Snow  Queen  (Fidler),  White  Beauty  (Iron- 
side),  extraordinary  heavy  crop ;    King   of  Russets 


4^0 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


^October  io,  1SS5. 


(Lye),  a  heavy  cropper,  of  good  quality,  in  the  way  of 
Adirondack  ;  Burton  Hall  Favourite  (Tohnson),  May 
Qaeen  (D;an),  likely  to  be  especially  useful  for  early 


A  COMMON  EDIBLE  MUSH- 
ROOM: AGARICUS  RUBESCENS,  P. 
At  the  present  time  our  pastures,  grassy  roadsides, 
and  woodlands  are  everywhere  ornamented  with 
fungi.  Some  of  these  plants  are  no  doubt  poisonous, 
some  are  worthless  or  non-edible,  whilst  a  Urge 
number  are  not  only  edible  but  delicious  adjuncts  for 
any  table.  It  is  not  so  difficult  as  many  persons 
imagine  to  distinguish  the  edible  from  the  non-edible 
species.  A  fungus  eater  must,  however,  have  a  cor- 
rect knowledge  of  the  characters  of  the  fungi  he  eats 
and  possess  the  capability  of  properly  understanding 
the  meaning  of  descriptive  words.  As  fungi  them- 
selves are  now  easily  procurable,  it  has  been  suggested 
that  four  or  five  of  the  most  typical  and  most  common 
species  should  be  illustrated  and  described  in  this 
paper.  The  illustration's,  engraved  by  the  writer  from 
Nature,  are  meant  to  assist  readears  of  the  Gardeners* 
Chroncle  in  clearly  realising  the  descriptions.  The 
essential  points  necessary  to  be  correctly  observed  are 
printed  in  italics. 

Agaricus  rubescens,  P.  (figs.  97  and  98),  ^rows 
in  woods  in  the  late  summer  and  autumn  ;  it  does  not, 
as  a  rule,  grow  in  fields  or  open  places.  The  top  is 
foxy  or  rusty-brown,  and  covered  with  warts ;  the 
stem  is  brownish*buft',  the  gills  are  white,  changing 
to  pale  buff  7i>hen  bruised ;  the  stem  has  a  ring  or 
eoUar  round  its  middle  or  near  the  top,  the  base  of 
stem  is  bulbous,  and  warm  brown  in  colour.  The 
fungus  is  scentless,  or  nearly  so,  and  almost  tasteless, 
or  slightly  unpleasant  when  raw.  On  cutting  or 
breaking  a  specimen  the  flesh  changes  to  a  pale  red- 
huff  ox  burnt  sienna,  or  foxy  colour,  in  patches.  The 
plant  is  commonly  much  eaten  by  lanuc.  The  shaded 
group  (fig.  98)  shows  five  individuals  in  various 
stages  of  growth  from  the  "  button  "  to  the  fully 
expanded  condition.  The  average  size  of  a  full  grown 
specimen  is  about  4  or  5  inches  across  the  top. 

To  persons  who  have  not  had  a  large  experience 
with  fungi  it  is  always  necessary  to  make  a  section 
from  top  to  bottom  of  any  unfamiliar  example.  Sec- 
tions of  Agaricus  rubescens  thus  made  are  shown  in 
fig-  97*  The  warty  top  is  shown  at  A  a,  the  bulbous 
stem  {not  hollow),  slightly  attenuated  upwards,  is 
seen  at  b  11,  the  collar  round  the  stem  at  c  c,  and  the 
mode  of  attachment  of  the  gills  to  the  stem  at  d  d. 
In  infancy  the  edge  of  the  cap  touches  the  rim  of  the 
bulb,  as  illustrated  (just  breaking  away)  at  E.  A 
section,  through  a  very  young  example,  is  shown  at  f, 
and  through  a  half  grown  specimen  at  g.  The  way 
in  which  the  edge  of  bulb,  the  collar  and  the  warts, 
are  all  conjoined  in  infancy  is  shown  at  point  H, 
where  these  ditTerent  parts  are  shown  just  separating. 
At  J  the  collar  is  still  adherent  to  the  cap,  and  forms 
a  covering  over  the  gills.  The  dotted  line  at  K  shows 
the  position  of  the  collar,  a  short  time  before  the 
drawing  was  made.  At  L,  the  -iviute  ovoid  spores  or 
seeds  are  shown  enlarged,  500  diameters. 

Agaricus  rubescens  is  an  easily  recognised,  noble 
and  beautiful  species.  It  is  the  Golmelk  of  the 
French,  and  has  been  termed  in  this  country  (in 
reference  to  the  change  of  colour  to  burnt*sienna)  the 
red- fleshed  Mushroom — rubescens,  means  becoming 
red.  In  referring  to  this  species  in  iS6o,  Mr.  Berkeley 
wrote  "quality  doubtful,"  but  we  believe  there  is 
no  doubt  whatever  at  the  present  time  that  Agaricus 
rubescens  is  really  a  perfectly  safe,  delicious,  and  very 
abundant  Mushroom.  The  following  opinions  have 
been  expressed  by  various  botanists.  Vittadini 
writes:  — "Non  allrimento  del  Cesareo  delicato  e 
sano."  The  illustrious  Fries  has  written  :  — "  Fungis 
suspectis  vulgo  adscriptus,  esculentus  a  Vittadini." 
Dr.  Badham,  "  A  very  delicate  fungus."  Mr.  Frederick 
Currey,  a  former  Secretary  and  Vice-President  of  the 
Linnean  Society,  "I  can  vouch  for  its  being  not 
only  wholesome,  but,  as  Dr.  Badham  says,  '  a  very 
delicate  fungus.'"  Corda  writes  :  "  One  of  the  most 
delicate  Mushrooms  of  the  Lorraine."  Dr.  M.  C. 
Cooke  in  his  most  recent  work  on  Agarics,  * '  esculent." 
Many  other  commendations  from  eminent  botanists 
and  fungus  eaters  might  be  given. 

The  plant  has  been  suspected  on  account  of  one  or 
two  dangerous  species  which  are  somewhat  closely 
allied.  The  case  of  Agaricus  rubescens  is  comparable 
with  the  Potato  and  Tomato ;  the  two  latter  plants 
have  dangerous  allies  in  the  Solanum  family.     Just 


as  the  Tomato  and  Potato  are  exceptions  to  a  kind 
of  rough  rule,  so  Agaricus  rubescens  is  one  of  the 
exceptional  plants  of  the  subgenus  (Amanita)  to 
which  it  belongs. 

In  preparing  fungi  for  the  table  it  is  necessary  to 
r  number  that  the  examples  should  hz  fresh,  clean, 
and  undiseased,  for  a  fungus  of  an  "uncertain  age" 
is  quite  as  likely  to  disagree  with  the  consumer  as  is 
a  stale  mackerel,  a  mouldyjelly,  or  a  diseased  grouse. 
It  is  very  necessary  to  observe  this  point,  for  fungi 
are  often  exposed  for  sale  in  the  market  in  a  stale 
and  semi-putrid  state. 

In  cooking  Agaricus  rubescens,  remove  the  warty 
skin,  place  in  water  for  ten  minutes,  drain,  and  fry 
with  butter  and  rump  steak.  It  may  be  toasted,  or 
stewed-  Agaricus  rubescens  when  treated  with  salt 
produces  an  excellent  and  delicate  ketchup.  Agaricus 
rubescens  is  essentially  a  delicate-flavoured  fungus,  it 
does  not  possess  the  very  rich  taste  of  the  meado* 
Mushroom  ;  it  is  in  a  high  degree  the  kind  of  Mu:.h- 


are  quite  good  enough  by  themselves  ;  also  do  not  put 
too  much  grease  of  any  kind  in  ;  melted  grease  is  very 
indigestible,  and  a  man  with  a  weak  stomach  might 
eat  a  dish  of  fungi  for  the  first  time  perhaps  in  his 
life  which  was  too  buttery,  and  if  indigestion  ensued, 
might  unjustly  condemn  the  Mushroom.  Three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  covered  wilh  a  plate  in  the  oven 
is  quite  sufficient  for  Agaricus  rubescens." 

Personally  I  do  not  consider  that  Agaricus  rubes- 
cens belongs  to  the  first  class  of  edible  fungi ;  it  is, 
however,  in  my  opinion,  a  very  good,  safe,  and  deli- 
cate Agaric.  A  taste  can  easily  be  '*  acquired  "  for 
it.  When  compared  with  the  pasture  Mushroom  it 
is  like  a  sole  to  a  turbot,  or  hock  to  sherry.  The 
ketchup  belongs  to  the  first  class. 

Several  British  species  allied  to  Agaricus  rubescens 
are  edible  and  good  as  Agaricus  strobiliformis,  Fr., 
a  much  paler  Agaric  than  A.  rubescens,  8  or  9  inches 
across  the  top,  with  large  polygonal  persistent  warts; 
the  warts  are  shaped  like  the  scales  of  a  Fir  cone, 


Fig.  97.— agaricus  rubescens.     (tor  explanation,  see  rtxr.) 


room  to  receive  a  flavour  from  some  other  and 
stronger  tasting  object  with  which  it  may  be  cooked, 
as  steak,  lVc.  It  takes  a  flavour  in  the  same  way  as 
does  a  cream  or  jelly. 

A  correspondent,  Mr.  J.  A.  Farrand,  published 
the  following  account  of  Agaricus  rubescens  in  the 
Huddersficld  Examiner  for  May  2,  18S5  : — **  I  have 
had  this  several  times  during  the  season.  It  is  a 
splendid  eater,  and  perfectly  safe.  Rich  beefy  gravy, 
and  kidney-like  flesh ;  moreover,  it  is  one  of  those 
Mushrooms  of  which  you  can  enjoy  a  whole  mouth- 
ful without  eating  a  whole  specimen.  It  is  good 
stewed  in  the  oven,  fried  on  the  fire,  or  boiled  in  a 
saucepan,  though  I  usually  prefer  any  fungus  I  eat  to 
be  cooked  in  the  oven.  I  recommend  that  they  be 
first  washed  under  the  tap,  and  the  scales  (warts) 
removed  with  a  soft  brush,  which  is  all  the  cleansing 
they  require.  If  they  are  not  going  to  be  eaten  at 
once,  they  should  be  placed  in  a  dish  and  salted  like 
a  Cucumber  till  wanted.  When  about  to  cook  them, 
I  put  just  suflicient  water  to  cover  them,  a  little  butter 
or  dripping — butter  is  preferable— and  quite  optional, 
one  or  two  cloves,  but  avoid  over- seasoning  them  ;  they 


hence  the  name  strobiliformis.  It  is  a  rare  plant, 
and  grows  on  the  borders  of  woods.  Fries  says,  in 
reference  to  it,  "  Odore  et  safore  gratus  deliciosus.'* 
I  have  eaten  this  fungus,  and  agree  with  Fries 
estimate. 

Another  ally  is  Agaricus  vaglnatus,  Fr.  This  plant 
grows  in  woods,  the  stem  is  naked,  ii  has  no  collar^ 
and  the  base  of  the  stem  is  furnished  with  a  somewhat 
large  sheath  wrapper  or  volva. 

Four  edible  allies  are  commonly  sold  in  the  markets 
of  Southern  Europe — viz.,  Agaricus  Cresareus,  Scop., 
and  A.  coccola,  Scop.,  A.  ovoides,  Bull,  and  A.  leioce- 
phalus,  Fr.  Fries  writes  of  the  first,  "  sapidissimus;" 
of  the  second,  "deliciosus  ;  "  of  the  third,  "escu- 
lentus ;"  of  the  fourth,  "  suaveolens  deliciosus." 

Agaricus  Caesareus,  Scopoll,  orCsesar's  Agaric,  was 
so  named  on  the  supposition  that  it  was  the  "  Boletus" 
used  by  Agrippina  for  poisoning  Claudius.  The 
fungus  is  recognised  as  an  Amanita  (subgenus  to 
which  all  the  fungi  mentioned  in  these  notes  belong) 
by  the  description  of  Pliny,  who  accurately  describes 
all  the  parts  of  the  fungus,  even  to  the  volva  entirely 
wrapping  it  in  infancy. 


October  io,  ig 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


461 


There  ate  several  poisonous  or  suspicious  species 
allied  to  Agaricus  rubescens,  as  A.  vitosus,  Fr.,  and 
A,  phalloides,  Fr.,  sidphur-yeUmv  species,  which 
grow  in  woods  and  have  an  offensive  odour.  A.  vernu=, 
Bull,  white  in  colour,  grows  in  woods,  and  has  also 
an  offensive  oJoiir.  A.  muscarius,  L.,  grows  in  woods, 
especially  of  Beech  and  Fir.  It  has  a  vc  inilion  or 
scarlet  top,  and  is  poisonous.  A  hon.ojjpathic  pre- 
paration of  the  last  fungus  is  sold  as  a  cure  for  corns. 

The  qualities  of  some  allies  are  unknown — they 
have  not  yet  been  tested.  One  species,  A.  panihe- 
rinuSf  DC,   spotted    like   a  panther,   is   sometimes 


fcilista'    llouip. 


THE  ANEMONE. 
Tub  middle  of  October  is  a  good  time  to  plant  out 
the  tubers  of  all  the  varieties  of  A.  hortensis.  In  order 
to  grow  them  well  the  ground  must  be  well  manured. 
It  is  best  to  have  the  beds  where  they  are  to  be 
planted  prepared  by  trenching  a  month  or  six  weeks 


Fig.  gS. — agaricus  rubescens.     (see  r.  460.) 


usual  to  lift  them  when  the  leaves  die  down.  If  they 
are  left  alone  they  will  sometimes  flower  again  in  the 
autumn. 

The  Ranunculus. 

In  a  letter  to  the  Times  Mr.  F.  W.  Burbidge  ha 
been  discoursing  on  the  desirability  of  raising  Ane- 
mones from  seeds,  and  flowering  them  in  the  autumn. 
It  may  be  a  surprise  to  most  people  to  know  that  the 
Ranunculus  can  be  raised  from  seeds  as  easily  as  the 
Anemone.  If  the  seeds  are  sown  about  the  middle  ot 
October  in  boxes,  and  the  boxes  are  placed  in  a  cold 
frame,  the  seeds  will  vegetate  in  a  month,  and  if  care- 
fully pricked  out  and  grown  on  in  boxes  they  will 
flower  the  following  season.  The  little  plants  must 
be  dried  olif  in  Febtua'y.  They  must  be  started 
again  about  the  1st  ol  March,  if  they  are  to  flower 
the  same  season. 

The  old  Horists  used  to  sow  their  seeds  in  January, 
but  in  that  case  the  plants  were  not  expected  to 
bloom  lor  eighteen  months  from  the  lime  of  sowing 
the  seeds.  It  is  merely  a  matter  of  resting  them. 
When  the  plants  have  made  their  growth,  which  they  ' 
do  in  three  months  or  less  sometimes,  they  pass 
through  the  resting  period  almost  immediately,  and  if 
the  tubers  are  not  taken  out  of  the  ground  they  will 
start  to  grow  and  flower  at  once.  Mr.  Barlow  of 
Slakehill  told  me  he  had  three  successional  blooms 
from  the  sanpe  set  of  Ranunculuses  in  one  season. 
The  Anemone  and  Ranunculus  are  very  tractable 
flowers  to  deal  with,  and  can  easily  be  grown  and 
flowered  from  seeds  and  old  tubers.  Their  culture 
was  better  understood  fifty  years  ago,  at  least  more 
generally  understood,  than  it  is  now.   J.  Doui;las. 


mistaken  for  A.  rubescens.  P..  but  the  brown  colour 
o(  A.  fanlherinus,  approaches  black,  whilst  that  of 
A.  rubescens  is  a  rmfy,  foxy  red.  There  is  no 
change  of  colour  in  the  flesh  to  sienna-red  in  A. 
pantherinus.  1  have  seen  intermediate  forms  between 
the  two  species,  I  take  them  to  be  hybrids,  at  any 
rate  the  characters  are  all  intermediate.  W.  G.  Smith. 


Antwerp  Exhibition. — At  the  recent  show  held 
in  Antwerp  in  connection  with  the  International 
Exhibition  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  Romford,  were 
awarded  the  Gold  Medal  for  fifty  cut  blooms  of 
Dahlias,  and  the  Silver  Medal  for  twenty- five  blooms. 
In  another  competition  Mr.  J.  West,  gardener  to 
W.  Keith,  Esq.,  Brentwoon,  received  a  1st  prize  for 
twenty-five  cut  blooms  of  Dahlias. 


previously.  In  trenching  place  a  good  layer  of 
manure  in  the  bottom  of  the  trench,  over  this  a  spit 
and  shovelling  of  earth  from  the  next  trench,  another 
layer  of  manure,  and  on  the  top  6  or  S  inches  of  soil. 
I  place  over  the  bed  at  planting  time  about  3  inches 
of  potting  soil.  Plant  in  rows  6  inches  apart  and 
6  inches  between  the  tubers.  They  ought  not  to  be 
planted  very  deep  ;  about  2  inches  of  mould  is  enough 
over  the  tubers.  A  little  white  sand  should  be  placed 
over  each.  The  old  florists  used  to  protect  their  beds 
from  heavy  rains  and  severe  frosts  by  coverings  of 
straw  mats  placed  over  a  wooden  framework,  but  our 
modern  experience  has  taught  us  that  these  coverings 
are  unnecessary,  and  may  even  be  hurtful.  I  leave 
the  tubers  in  the  ground  all  the  year  round,  but  it  is 


C  O  C  A  I  N. 

The  Sethia  indica  having  been  sent  to  me  under 
the  name  of  Erythroxylon  monogynum,  is  found  upon 
examination  to  contain  a  certain  amount  of  alkaloid. 
The  .Sethia  acuminata,  which  has  also  been  sent  to 
me  as  a  variety  of  Erythroxylon,  is  a  drug  that  has 
long  been  in  use  in  Ceylon  as  a  vermifuge,  and  I  have 
lor  some  time  distributed  it  in  the  form  of  a  fluid 
extract.  At  that  time  I  was  not  aware  that  it  had 
passed  under  the  name  of  Erythroxylon.  As  soon 
as  further  supplies  of  these  two  drugs  arrive  a  thera 
pcutic  examination  will  be  carefully  made  with  the 
alkaloids.  1  am  glad  to  be  able  to  record  some 
further  valuable  information  of  general  interest  re- 
specting Erythroxylon  Coca.  Dr.  Manassein,  of  St. 
Petersburg,  gives  an  mteresting  account  of  the 
employment  of  the  drug  in  sea-sickness  : — 

"  He  had  read  of  its  value  in  uncontrollable  vomiting 
of  pregnancy,  and  thought  it  might  be  useful  in  sea- 
sickness. He,  therefore,  went  this  summer  on  a  sea 
voyage  in  order  to  test  its  efficacy.  Among  his  fellow 
passengers  were  two— a  man  and  woman— who  were  espe- 
cially prone  to  the  malady.  He  administered  to  each 
of  them  every  two  or  three  hours  a  teaspoonful  of  the 
following  solution  :— Muriate  ol  Cocaine  (o  i^),  rectified 
spirits  of  wine  (in  suflicient  quantity),  and  distilled  water 
(150.0),  beginning  the  administration  on  starting.  That 
It  had  a  prophylactic  effect  seemed  clear,  for  in  spite  of 
v<;ry  rough  weather  for  a  period  of  forty-eight  hours, 
both  ihe  individuals  were,  for  the  first  lime  in  their  lives, 
free  from  sickness,  and  enjoyed  a  very  good  appetite  the 
whole  lime.  To  a  child  six  years  old,  who  began  to  be 
attacked  with  sea-sickness  on  rising  in  the  morning,  ilie 
treatment  was  so  eftectual  that  it  was  able  to  play  about 
during  the  day  in  spite  of  the  storm.  The  child  took 
one  teaspoonful  in  two  doses  during  the  first  half-hour, 
and  then  half  a  teaspoonful  every  three  hours.  Another 
case  was  that  of  a  girl  eighteen  years  of  age  who  had  been 
sick  for  twenty-  'our  hours  before  the  drug  was  given. 
The  case  being  a  severe  one,  she  had  a  double  dose 
every  half-hour,  mth  truly  magical  effect,  for  after  the 
second  dose  the  patient  was  able  to  assume  a  half-sitting 
posture,  and  alter  the  sixth  dose  she  jested  and  began 
to  complain  of  hunger.  During  the  rest  of  the  voyage 
Bhe  remained  well,  although  there  was  much  rolling  of 
the  vessel.  Similar  good  results  attended  the  use  of  the 
drug  in  three  milder  cases,  and  had  it  not  been  that  his 
supply  ran  short.  Dr.  Manassein  would  have  been  able 
to  make  more  extended  observations.  Still,  from  the 
experience  ol  these  few  cases  he  thinks  it  justifiable  to 
infer  that  in  the  drug  we  have  a  certain  and  harmless 
remedy  against  sea-sickness.  In  the  same  communica- 
tion he  mentions  that  he  had  found  Cocainum  muriati- 
cum  of  great  service  in  arresting  the  collapse  of  two 
severe  cases  of  simple  cholera,  and  thinks  it  desirable  to 
try  its  action  in  cases  of  Asiatic  cholera." 

Dr.  G.  H.  A.  Dabbs  reports  this  week  in  the 
British  Medical  fonrnal  (p.  473)  that  he  has  used 


462 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  10,  18S5. 


cocaine  most  successfully  in  four  consecutive  cases  of 
childbirth,  and  that  it  is  his  intention  to  use  it  in 
future  cases. 

I  can  only  add  that  in  one  American  journal  that 
reached  me  last  week  there  were  twelve  notices  of  the 
employment  of  cocaine,  and  in  no  one  instance  have 
I  as  yet  been  able  to  trace  any  ill  effects  from  its  use. 

The  employment  of  the  Erythroxjion  Coca  has 
now  gone  from  the  barbaric  stage  of  depending  for 
the  effect  by  chewing  the  leaves  {which  might  be 
fresh  or  stale  :  this  means  that  they  might  contiin 
hardly  any  percentage  of  cocaine,  or,  on  the  other 
hand,  they  might  contain  o  55  per  cent.),  to  the 
employment  of  the  alkaloid  where  the  doses  can  be 
most  accurately  apportioned.  The^solution  of  hydro- 
chlorate  of  cocaine  with  water  is  always  better 
when  made  fresh,  and  it  is  safe  to  apply  it  in  any 
case  of  pain,  even  with  children,  by  rubbing  it  in.  It 
is  most  easily  mixed  with  vaseline,  and  rapidly  allays 
pain  in  the  joints.  A  small  quantity  of  the  alkaloid 
miy  be  put  with  water  and  then  placed  on  sugar, 
and  it  has  a  marked  effect  upon  any  one  sufttring 
with  a  sore  throat.  The  price  having  fallen  to  about 
40'.  per  grain,  it  is  quite' within  the  reach  of  any  one. 
7;  Chruly. 


fircl|id  lotes  and  :|lfaulup. 


ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER  AT  KEW. 
The  following  list  of  Orchids  now  in  flower  at 
Kew  includes  several  o(  unusual  interest  and  beauty, 
notably  Cypripedium  Gndefroyce,  recently  imported 
among  a  batch  of  Orchids  from  Siam,  and  which  has 
been  figured  for  the  Bolanical  Magazine.  C.  Kaie- 
teurum,  lately  described  by  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown  in  these 
pages  ;  Dendrobium  Phalsenopsis,  a  beautiful  large- 
flowered  species  from  Timor  Land  ;  a  new  species  of 
Cyttopodium,  the  curious  little  black  flowered  Bulbo- 
phyllum  sanatorium,  a  very  fine  specimen  of  Phalre- 
nopsis  Lowii,  Phaius  bicolor,  Spathoglottis  Fottunei, 
an  unusually  large-flowered  form  of  Zygopelalum 
Gautieri,  and  a  handsoine  plant  of  Cattleya  Djwiana, 
which  is  growing  upon  a  piece  of  Fern  stem  in  com- 
pany with  Adiantum  cuneatum,  the  fronds  of  which 
form  a  telling  background  for  the  rich  colours  of  the 
Cattleya  flowers. 


Acampc  Wighliana  Utaxillana  van 

Hiillraptiyllum  salutoriiira  Microstylis  Int. 

Cattlsya  aurea  var.  Dowiana  Mi  tonia  Clow. 

Eldorado  Odontoglossuil 
„    GaskcUi.ina  „    bictoneni 

Cleistcstorna  sp.  >>     con^tricli 

Coelogync_  irieionc)     lagc-  ,,     crispui 


abills 


„  ochracea 

,,  speciosa 
Cypripedium  caluri 

,,  conchifcrum 

„  concolor 

,,  Godj;froyai 

,,  insigne 

„  longifolium 

,  poi-phyreimi 

„  Roezlii 

„  Sedeni 


„  formosum   V 

„  infundibular 

„  Mortii 

„  Phalanops's 
Epidendrum  agatl 

,,  equitans 

„  evectum 

„  paniculaiuni 


Dav 

threni 

Lindic 


chrysomis 
cuculUluni       Che^tt 


„     purum 
Liparls 


labri 


„  dasystylc 

„  ochthodea 

„  onVntale 

,,  Papilio 

gigan-  ,,  pr.xtcMum 

„  Oiillifer.im 


PJiaius  bicolor 
Plaurothallis    (sever.al 

Pleione  veiulipcs 


Lselia  Dayaiia 

Masd  vallia  amabilis  „     maculata 

„    Davisii  Rcnanthera  bilinguis 

,,     eryth-ochatc  Rcstrepia  antennifera 

„    Harry.-ina  Saccolabium  Blumei  majus 
,,     Lindeni  „     gemmatum 

,,     macu'ala  Spathoglottis  Fortune! 

„     myriostigma  Stenoglottis  finibriata 

,,     ochthodes  Vanda  colrulea 
„    Hmula  .,     tricolor 

,,    Vei  chiana  Zj'gopetalum  Gautlcrl 

Maxillaria  iridiflora  .,    ioiioleura 

EPIDENDRtJM    PRISMATOCARPUM, 

Referring  to  Mr.  Douglas'  remarks  on  my  speci- 
men of  this,  exhibited  at  the  Sevenoaks  show  (see 
P-  39S),  permit  me  to  stale  that  when  he  saw  it  the 
blooms  were  old  and  faded,  they  having  commenced 


to  open  on  July  6,  1S85,  and  the  plant  was  exhibited 
on  August  19,  therefore  the  fineness  of  colour  hid 
almost  gone.  Mr.  Douglas  says  it  "  remains  in 
bloom  a  month."  My  variety  always  lasts  two 
month?,  though,  of  course,  the  bloom  looks  a  little 
autumnal  at  the  end,  but  they  are  quite  fit  for  making 
up  into  bouquets.  If  other  growers  are  willing  to 
enter  a  contest  to  see  who  has  the  best  variety  I  shall 
be  quite  agreeable,  and  next  'year  we  cjuld  all  send 
a  spike  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  where  we 
CJuld  all  see  them  in  a  group  and  see  their  respective 
merits.  I  remember  an  incident  in  connection  with 
this  plant  which  may  be  of  interest  to  younger 
Orchid  growers  than  myself.  It  was  the  disinterested 
remark  of  the  buyer  whom  I  outbid,  who  opined  that 
I  had  paid  dearly  for  the  "  poor  shy-blooming 
form."  I  bloomed  it  next  season  with  twelve  spikes, 
and  it  has  since  had  twelve  spikes  each  year.  De  B. 
Crawsliay. 


MESSRS.  W.  FROMOW  &  SONS' 
NURSERIES,  HOUNSLOW. 

At  this  suburban  nursery  the  principal  sul  jects 
grown  are  Rhododendrons,  American  plants  gener- 
ally, coniferous  and  evergreen  trees  and  shrubs,  and 
hardy  plants  in  common  demand,  the  pure  air  of  the 
district  evidently  suiting  their  requirements  admir- 
ably, as  was  evidenced  by  their  flourishing  healthy 
appearance.  If  one  were  asked  to  slate  briefly  the 
main  features  the  answer  would  be  Rhododendrons, 
Aucubas,  and  Euonymus  grown  for  the  London  trade. 
Many  more  good  things  were  there  in  abundance,  but 
the  aforesaid  plants  are  grown  in  such  quantities  and 
prime  condition  that  they  stand  out  unmistakably 
from  amongst  the  other  stock.  Of  Rhododendrons 
(ponticum),  hybrid  seedling,  and  named  varieties, 
about  150,000  are  cultivated,  plants  from  I  to  3  feet 
in  height  and  well  set,  bristling,  in  fact,  with  bloom- 
buds  and  remarkably  healthy  foliage.  The  soil  is  a 
good  loamy  one,  and  they  luxuriate  in  it  ;  thus  very 
effectually  disproving  the  once  held  notion  that  Rho- 
dodendrons would  only  thrive  in  peat  soil  ;  indeed,  it 
has  been  found  from  experience  that  they  will  succeed 
in  almost  any  soil  that  does  not  contain  lime,  and 
which  has  been  rendered  suitable  for  them  by  a  good 
admixture  of  sand  and  leaf-mould. 

The  beds  or  "drifts,"  as  they  are  called,  of  Rho- 
dodendrons are  alone  worth  a  journey  to  see,  and 
have  a  charm  (when  in  bloom)  for  every  lover  of  this 
beautiful  and  showy  class  of  plants.  For  the  benefit 
of  those  whom  it  may  concern  we  append  noles  on  a 
few  only  (space  forbidding  a  lengthy  reference)  of  the 
best  named  sorts  : — Blandyanum,  deep  rosy-crimson 
— very  good  ;  Hendersoni,  deep  crimson  ;  lago, 
rosy-purple,  dark  spots ;  Lady  Eleanor  Cathcart, 
pale  rose,  chocolate  spots ;  Limbatum,  white-edged 
crimson  ;  Lord  Palmerston,  rosyctimjon,  fine  truss  ; 
Mason's  Perfection,  white,  yellow  spots,  pretty  ; 
Michael  Waterer,  brightesL  crinason-scarlet  ;  Minnie, 
blush  white,  chocolate  spots  ;  Mrs.  John  Glutton,  clear 
white,  very  good  ;  Mrs.  John  Waterer,  rosy-crimson, 
excellent ;  Warrior,  rosy-crimson,  fine  flower. 

Of  Aucuba  japonica  some  200,0:0  are  grown,  and 
they  are  of  all  sizes,  ranging  from  an  inch  high  up  to 
5  feet,  the  plan  generally  adopted  for  increasing 
stock  being  from  cuttings,  these  producing  the  bushy, 
well-shaped  stuff  so  much  in  request  by  the  trade  for 
boxing— the  plants  got  from  layers,  although  obtained 
more  quickly,  not  producing  such  shapely  plants, 
having  a  'Meggy"  appearance,  and  therefore  not  so 
much  in  c  'mand  for  the  purpose  named.  As  giving 
some  idea  of  the  trade  done  in  this  useful  shrub,  it 
maybe  mentioned  that  49,800  cuttings  were  put  in 
last  year.  While  on  the  subject  of  box  plants,  it 
may  be  interesting  to  note  that,  in  addition  to 
Aucubas,  the  following,  of  sorts,  are  grown  very 
largely  for  this  purpose,  viz.  :— Thuias,  Cupressus, 
Retioosporas,  Euonymus,  Red  Cedar  (Juniperus  vir- 
giniana),  Bjx,  and  Berberis. 

Of  those  very  effective  and  universally  (used  box 
plants,  the  green  and  golden  Japan  Euonymus,  some 
30  000  are  grown,  and  what  a  pretty  effect  they  have 
when  seen  cit  mane.  What  may  well  be  described  as 
one  of  the  best  shrub  for  hedge-making  is  Ligustrum 
ovalifolium  ;  we  saw  it  from  3  inches  to  9  feet  in 
height.  An  acquisition,  too,  in  this  way  is  L.  lucidum 
variegala(the  variegated  Chinese  Privet). 


That  beautiful  white  flowering  shrub,  Andromeda 
japonica,  we  also  noted.  Azalea  pontica  and  Ghent 
varieties,  an  extensive  collection  is  grown,  and  they 
are  in  capital  condition.  Crataegus  coccinea  fi.-p!., 
Paul's  double  scariet  Thorn,  one  of  the  finest  hardy 
flowering  trees  of  modern  introduclion,  and  the  round- 
leaved  Laurel — rotundifolia — is  grown  in  quantity, 
the  latter  being  a  new  and  very  desirable  variety.  Of 
the  useful  Portugal  Laurels,  about  1000  are  culti- 
vated. Cupressus  Lawsoniana  argentea,  a  beautiful 
and  distinct  kind,  of  very  graceful  habit,  foliage  of  a 
silvery  glaucous  hue  :  of  C.  Lawsoniana  alone  some 
30,000  plants  are  grown.  Amongst  Yews,  of  which 
there  is  a  good  collection,  green  and  golden  Taxus 
baccata  elegantissima  is  very  handsome  in  appearance, 
also  T.  b.  Dovastonii,  a  fine  weeping  sort,  leaves  dark 
green.  What  a  beautiful  "  feathery  "  tree  is  the  well 
known  Thuiopsis  borealis. 

Robinia  Bessoniana,  a  fine  tree  lor  avenues  and 
prom;nades— a  very  practical  illustration  of  this  is  to 
be  found  in  the  pretty  avenue  of  it  at  Sutton  Court 
Road,  Chiswick,  the  entrance  to  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  gardens,  its  round  head  of  btij^ht 
green  leaves  affording  a  delightful  shade  in  summer, 
as  well  as  giving  quite  a  picturesque  effect  to  the  road 
in  question,  and  giving  one  a  notion  of  the  Parisian 
boulevards.  Salisburia  adiantifolia,  the  Maidenhair 
tree,  beautiful  deciduous  tree,  leaves  dying  off 
yellow. 

Amongst  standard  trees  we  noted  a  good  collection 
of  Limes,  Planes,  Thorns  of  sorts.  Laburnums,  &c. 
Of  the  ever  popular  Virginian  Creeper  (Ampelopsis 
hederacea)  30,000  are  grown.  What  a  hardy  rapid 
climber  it  is,  and  what  a  striking  appearance 
the  intense  scarlet  foliage  has  at  this  particular  season 
of  the  year.  And  then  those  best  of  all  e-.ergreen 
climbers.  Ivies,  Hedera  canariensis  (the  Irish  Ivy) 
some  40000  plants  are  grown.  How  effective 
they  are  for  covering  walls,  buildings,  arbours,  &c. 
The  charming  blue-flowered  Wi-.taiii  sinensis,  and  the 
white  variety,  alba,  are  grown  in  quantity.  Poplars, 
too.  are  somewhat  largely  and  well  grown,  the 
principal  varieties  being  the  Silver  or  Abele,  Lom- 
bardy,  and  Black  Italian.  Of  t^lolden  and  Silver 
C^ueen  Hollies,  we  noted  some  grand  plants,  quite 
lighting  up  their  suiroundings. 

It  now  only  remains  to  close  these  necessarily  brief 
remarks  by  expressing  our  thanks  lor  the  courtesy 
shown  by  Messrs.  Fromow's  energetic  foremen, 
Messrs.  T.  Ratcliffe  and  L.  Godfrey,  the  nurseries 
under  their  charge  redounding  much  to  their  credit.  B. 


miiwh  and  i\\ti\  milimt 


URCEOLIXA  AUREA  (PEXDULA). 
I  HAVE  on  previous  occasions  alluded  to  the  utility 
of  this  bulbous  plant  for  the  decoration  of  the 
temperate-house  as  well  as  the  stove.  It  is  as  well 
grown  in  the  former,  but  slill  more  so  when  grown  in 
the  latter.  Although  introduced  from  Peru  as  far 
back  as  1S37,  it  is  still  far  from  common,  and, 
belonging  to  the  AmarylHdacece,  its  general  outlines 
of  culture  can  be  seen  at  a  glance.  During  its  grow- 
ing season  it  will  succeed  under  the  same  course  of 
culture  as  that  given  to  Eucharis  and  Pancratiums. 
Some  years  ago,  when  first  I  grew  it,  the  method 
adopted  for  its  increase  was  by  removing  the  oft'aets 
from  the  parent  bulb.  Last  winter,  when  the  bulbs 
were  in  flower,  I  contrived  to  fertilise  flowers  which 
gave  seed-pods  which  ripened  in  due  course,  and  a 
batch  of  seedlings  resulted,  which  I  am  looking 
forward  to  see  in  a  flowering  condition  another 
season.  If  they  had  been  grown  on  more  rapidly  the 
strongest  would  in  all  probability  flower  this  coming 
winter.  It  is  of  easy  culture,  and  the  knowledge 
that  it  can  easily  be  raised  from  seed  should  cause 
its  more  extended  cultivation,  whilst  its  distinctive 
character  is  also  a  strong  argument  in  its  favour. 
Like  all  other  bulbous  plants  that  lie  dormant 
during  a  portion  of  the  year,  it  is  sometimes  liabie  to 
be  overlooked,  and  when  devoid  of  leaves  to  be 
pushed  on  one  side.  Avoid  this  oversight  if  possible, 
and  when  the  flower-spikes  begin  to  appear  (as  will  be 
the  case  in  a  few  weeks)  see  that  the  plant  has  all  the 
light  possible,  so  that  the  proper  amount  of  strength 
is  concentrated  therein,  to  the  future  development  of 
a  fine  umbel  of  flowers.  The  flower-spikes  have  a 
very  bright   and   cheerful   appearance   when   placed 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


463 


along  the  margin  of  a  group  of  plants  in  Ihe  stove,  at 
the  same  time  having  good  lasting  properties. 

EUCUARIS   AMAZONICA. 

If  a  batch  of  these  that  have  made  good  growth 
can  now  be  induced  by  an  extra  amount  of  waimlh 
and  a  more  liberal  supply  of  water  at  the  roots  to 
push  up  some  flower  spikes,  they  will  come  in  very 
useful.  Another  lot  ought  to  be  held  in  reserve, 
if  possible,  to  be  brought  on  ,'or  use  in  December,  and 
particularly  for  Christmistide.  List  year,  towards 
the  winter  season,  some  of  my  stock,  for  want  of 
room,  were  left  in  too  low  a  temperature  for  a  lime, 
and  a  portion  of  them  lost  their  roots,  the  effect  of 
which  was  very  noticeable  in  the  spring,  but  which, 
by  a  more  liberal  course  of  treatment,  have  all 
recovered,  and  have  thrown  up  some  spikes,  and 
promise  many  more  ere  long.  This  taught  me  Ibe 
lesson,  to  exercise  more  care  for  the  future.  They 
will  withstand  a  moderately  low  temperature,  but  if 
it  is  observed  after  a  cold  night  that  the  foliage  is  limp 
and  inclined  to  flag,  then  lose  no  time  in  removing 
them  to  more  congenial  quarters. 

Pancratiuji  fragrans. 
This  companion  plant  to  the  Eucharis  will  now  in 
most  cases  have  ceased  to  push  up  any  flower-spikes. 
The  young  growth  that  is  being  made  should  be 
encouraged  in  its  development,  as  on  this  will  greatly 
depend  the  amount  of  flowers  another  season.  "James 
HttJson,  Guntienbtiry  House  Garifetis,  Actsti,  //'. 


]^i=^uiTp    *yND£:i^    'Qla33. 


PEACHES. 

As  long  as  ihe  trees  continue  in  a  heaUhful  state 
and  produce  fair  average  crops  of  fruit,  and  finish  it 
in  a  satisfactory  manner  there  is  really  no  reason  to 
interfere  wih  the  main  roots  of  such  trees,  or  to 
disturb  the  rest  more  than  is  necessary  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  the  surface  roots  the  benefit  of  ihe 
anr.ual  lopdressing  of  good  fresh  calcareous  loam  in 
a  partially  decomposed  condition,  with  the  customary 
mulching  of  manure  on  its  surface,  so  much  required 
not  only  to  stimulate  and  nourish  fresh  feeding  roots 
but  also  to  protectlhemby-and-by,  when  they  have  per- 
meated this'stutif.  Trees  such  as  these  referred  to  and 
in  this  condition  of  health  are  by  no  means  common, 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  it  more  frequently  happens 
that  much  more  attention  is  needful  to  keep  them 
in  a  proper  state,  and  even  then  in  some  places  Peach 
trees  are  not  at  all  long-lived,  for  after  flourishing  a 
few  years  premature  decay  jcts  in,  and  generally  at 
the  juncture  where  the  stock  and  the  tree  are  united, 
which  checks  the  circulation  of  the  sap,  and  soon 
arrests  its  progress  to  such  a  degree  as  to  necessitate  the 
removal  of  the  tree  entirely  before  its  vitality  ceases 
The  symptoms  in  trees  affected  in  this  way  com- 
mence by  an  unheahhy  appearance  of  the  leaves,  sub- 
sequently io  diminished  vigour,  imperfectly  developed 
wood,  and  badly  finished  fruit.  In  my  opinion 
more  trees  were  lost  from  this  cause  alone  than  from 
any  other  with  which  I  am  acquainted  when  they  are 
cultivated  under  glass.  If  therefore  Peaches  are 
extensively  grown  in  this  way,  by  all  means  provide 
against  such  contingencies  by  planting  every  year 
some  maiden  trees  in  suitable  places.  These  will  in 
the  course  of  two  or  three  years,  under  proper  cire 
and  attention,  make  trees  far  more  suitable  for  trans- 
ferring into  houses  thin  can  possibly  be  procured  in 
the  ordinary  way. 

Any  trees  in  the  houses  which  have  become  at  all 
unfruitful  through  exuberant  growth  or  olher  causes, 
should  be  examined  at  the  roots.  This  is  best  done 
by  opening  a  trench  down  to  Iha  surface  of  the  drain- 
age at  the  outermost  part  of  the  roots.  The  soil 
should  be  carefully  worked  away  from  these  to  within 
3  or  4  feet  from  the  stem  of  the  tree.  They  should 
then  be  shortened,  and  after  fresh  soil  has  been 
brought  in  and  made  up  to  within  a  foot  of  the  surface, 
they  should  be  spread  out  and  be  firmly  pressed  in 
and  well  watered.  Subsequently  the  house  which 
is  to  be  started  at  about  the  end  of  next  month 
should  now  be  cleansed,  painted,  &c.,  in  readiness 
for  work.  The  trees  should  be  pruned  without  fur- 
ther delay,  afterwards  carefully  wash  them  with  a 
soft  brush  and  weak  soft-soap  water.  This  substance 
is  very  detrimental  to  the  buds  of  Peach  trees,  there- 
fore it  should  be  sparingly  used,  and  especially  so  on 


trees  at  this  early  period.  To  show  its  tifects  I  will 
give  an  instance  which  happened  in  my  early  days  of 
practice,  which  I  have  never  forgotten.  A  very  large 
early  house  of  fine  Peach  and  Nectarine  trees  became 
infested  with  the  brown  scale  ;  I  with  others  was 
set  to  well  wash  these  trees  with  prepared  strong 
soft-soap  water  for  the  purpose  of  killing  this  pest, 
and  this  was  done  elTectually,  as  no  scale  was  left 
alive,  and  not  more  than  a  dozen  or  so  of  Peaches, 
for  nearly  all  the  buds  dropped  off  the  trees  soon  after 
forcing  operations  were  commenced.  After  the  trees 
are  washed  and  tied  on  the  trellises,  remove  about 
3  inches  ofif  the  surface  of  the  border,  and  replace 
it  with  fresh  calcareous  loam,  which  should  be 
covered  with  2  inches  of  partly  rotten  manur?. 
Unless  vary  much  frost  prevails  the  lights  may  be 
kept  off  tTiis  house  until  the  end  of  the  present  month. 
In  later  hottses  the  trees  may  now  be  fully  exposed  to 
natural  influences.   G.  T.  Miks,  IVycombc  Abhy. 


\h  |ai;(t!r  |iiuit  |anli{n. 


The  principal  crop  of  .\pples  and  Pears  will  now 
be  gathered,  and  will  need  care  in  the  fruit  room.  Air 
may  be  given  when  the  outside  temperature  is  dry  and 
warm,  but  the  ventilators  are  best  shut  on  damp  foggy 
days.  All  rotten  or  decaying  fruit  should  at  once  be 
removed. 

Filberts  and  Walnuts  may  now  be  gathered  and 
stored  away  for  winter  use. 

The  season  is  now  at  hand  when  planting  opera- 
tions may  be  begun.  To  ensure  a  fair  amount  of 
success  the  ground  should  be  thoroughly  prepared 
before  planting.  When  the  ground  is  naturally  of 
good  quality  little  will  be  required,  but  to  break  up 
the  ground,  say  about  2  feet  deep,  taking  care  to 
reserve  some  of  the  best  soil  for  placing  over  the  roots 
of  the  trees.  When  the  ground  is  not  suitable  much 
may  be  done  to  improve  it  by  mixing  manure,  wood- 
ashes,  and,  if  of  a  heavy  nature,  sand,  road  scrapings, 
or  leaf-soil  may  be  added.  Before  planting  permanent 
trees  it  is  very  important  to  have  the  ground  tho- 
roughly clear  of  weeds,  for  afier  the  trees  are  planted 
it  will  be  much  more  difficult  to  clear  the  ground. 

From  several  years'  experience  I  much  prefer 
planting  Apples  on  the  Paradise  stock.  When 
planted  on  this  stock  they  come  into  bearing  at  once, 
and  if  planted  with  care  and  well  looked  after  in  the 
way  of  mulching,  &c.,  the  first  year,  by  the  second 
year  they  will  produce  sufficient  crops  to  pay  lor  the 
trees.  I  have  a  great  many  varieties  on  this  stock,  and 
will  select  twelve  of  the  best  grown  here,  hoping  that 
the  selection  may  prove  of  some  service  to  others  who 
have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  growing  so  many  kinds. 
I  know  many  others  of  almost  equal  merit,  but  the 
following  twelve  are  first-class  as  grown  here  :— 

1.  Lemon  Pippin. — \  fine  useful  variety,  in  season 
from  October  to  April,  either  for  dessert  or  cooking  ; 
tree  a  free  grower  and  may  be  planted  closer  together 
than  many  varieties  owing  to  its  compact  upright 
growth. 

2.  Cox's  Pomona.— Ttet  a  good  grower  and  free 
bearer  and  fruit  above  medium  size,  skin  much 
streaked  with  red  next  the  sun.  One  of  the  best 
autumn  Apples  grown. 

3.  Cox's  Orange  Pi/'fin.—Yimt  below  medium 
size,  in  use  from  October  to  February  ;  in  its  season 
the  best  dessert  Apple Igrown.  Tree  a  weak  grower, 
hence  it  should  have  a  good  warm  position  :  here  on 
dwarf  trees  we  get  the  largest  and  finest  fruits. 

4.  Lafy  Hcnnikcr. — This  is  a  fine  handsome  Apple, 
very  free  grower  and  bearer  ;  above  medium  size  and 
colours  well  ;  useful  for  dessert  or  cooking. 

5.  Blenheim  Orange,  or  Blenheim  Pippin.— ThH 
is  so  well  known  and  appreciated  by  every  one  that 
it  needs  no  recommendation  from  me,  but  it  may  not 
be  so  generally  known  that  this  variety,  when  grafted 
on  the  Paradise  stock,  will  fruit  freely  the  second  year 
a''ter  planting,  and  small  trees  planted  here  two  years 
ago  have  this  year  produced  finer  crops  of  larger  fruit 
than  trees  half  a  century  old. 

6.  Ribston  Pippin  is  still  a  king  among  dessert 
Apples,  and  should  be  planted  largely  by  every  fruit 
grower,  on  the  Paradise  stock,  in  light  warm  rich  soil. 
Old  trees  are  liable  to  canker.  Young  ones  commence 
bearing  immediately  :  they  will  produce  much  finer 
fruit  than  old  trees  if  given  good  treatment. 

7.  Fearn's  Pippin. — Below   medium   size,  a   fine, 


crisp,  and  pleasant  flavoured  variety  ;  a  good  grower, 
and  a  very  free  bearer, 

S.  Courl  Pcndii-plal,  or  Court  Pendu,  also  known 
under  the  name  of  "  Wise  Apple,"  owing  to  its  habit 
of  blooming  late,  and  so  escaping  the  late  frosts. 
This  is  one  of  our  best  late  Apples,  a  very  free  bearer, 
of  excellent  quality,  and  very  handsome  for  dessert. 
I  have  kept  them  fresh  and  good  till  May. 

9.  C<-//i/n.  — Medium  size,  very  free  bearer,  and 
colours  well  ;  is  useful  for  dessert  or  cooking,  should 
be  grown  in  rich  warm  soil.  Here,  when  planted  in 
a  strong  heavy  soil  the  tree  cankers,  but  in  a  dry  and 
warm  [  o  ition  i>.  is  all  that  can  be  desired, 

10.  Peas!;03j's    Nomiuh.  —  Perhaps    this    is    the 
handsomest  of  all  Apples  when  well  grown,  very  free  • 
bearer  and    good   grower,  but  when  grafted  on  the 
free  stock  a  very  shy  bearer. 

11.  Mr.  Gladstone. — This  is  a  fine  early  Apple, 
very  bright  and  handsome,  but  it  can  only  be  recom- 
mended for  an  early  variety, 

12.  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  —  I  am  of  opinion  that 
this  is  the  most  profitable  Apple  to  grow  known  at 
the  present  time.  For  ten  years  past  we  have  never 
missed  having  a  good  crop  of  this  variety,  and  this 
season  I  think  the  crop  is  better  than  ever.  Good 
handsome  fruit  ;  will  keep  till  Agril.  J.  Smith, 
A/iiitmore,  Bui'ks. 


CUCUMBERS. 
The  plants  in  the  earliest  division  will  now  be 
fruiting  freely.  Oaly  moderate  cropping  should  be 
allowed,  so  a;  not  to  weaken  the  plants  by  carrying  a 
glut  of  fruit  at  one  time.  During  the  present  month 
attend  regularly  twice  weekly  to  stopping  and  tying, 
and  maintain  a  regular  top  and  bottom-heat. 

MUSIIROOM-IIOUSE. 

It  is  best  not  to  apply  tepid  water  to  the  beds  until 
the  young  Mushrooms  commence  pushing  through, 
but  in  some  dry  houses,  even  after  keeping  paths  and 
walls  damped,  the  soil  on  the  surface  of  the  beds  will 
become  too  dry,  especially  if  covering  the  beds  has 
not  been  practised.  Under  these  circumstances  a 
moderate  watering  through  a  fine  rose  to  moisten  the 
soil  once  or  twice  before  the  crop  appears,  will  be 
advantageous  by  bringing  the  beds  into  an  earlier 
bearing  state. 

General  Woric. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  until  the  beginning  of  next 
month  to  lift  either  late  Cauliflower  or  early  Broccoli 
approaching  the  cutting  stage.  The  plots  should  be 
examined  twice  weekly,  and  the  flowers  protected  by 
breaking  the  outside  leaves  over  the  hearts  of  the 
plants,  and  a  little  light  dry  bracken  may  likewise  be 
laid  over  the  top  of  the  most  advanced  as  an  additional 
protection.  L"f  the  Dutch  hoe  be  freely  worked 
between  the  rows  of  late  .Spinach,  Turnips,  and  other 
advancing  crops  for  the  double  purpose  of  destroying 
young  weeds  and  accelerating  growth.  Nearly  all 
winter  crops  which  were  sown  or  planted  at  the  usual 
time  ire  backward  this  season. 

A  second  sowing  of  China  Rose  Radish  may  now 
be  made  on  a  sunny  border.  The  remainder  of  the 
Celery  crop  should  now  be  finally  earthed  up,  as 
sufficient  frost  may  soon  be  expected  to  lay  prostrate 
the  leaves  if  this  is  not  done.  This  season  Brussels 
Sprouts  are  not  so  rank  in  growth  as  usual,  but  the 
stems  are  well  furnished  with  good  solid  sprouts. 
The  plots  should  be  looked  over,  and  any  decayed 
leaves  removed,  taking  care  not  to  break  any 
healthy  foliage — the  more  foliage  to  protect  the 
.Sprouts  the  better.  Finish  earthingup  late  planta- 
tions of  Leeks,  drawing  the  soil  as  high  as  consistent 
with  not  burying  the  leaves  too  much,  the  object 
being  to  secure  a  long  blanched  part. 

Beet  Root. 
The  roots,  being  very  susceptible  to  frost,  the  crop 
should  be  lifted  and  stored  by  the  middle  of  the 
month.  It  is  well  to  place  the  roots  when  storing  in 
two  different  sizes  ;  small  roots  are  most  valuable  for 
salad  purposes,  and  are  invariably  preferred  to  large 
ones  in  the  kitchen.  I  do  not  advocate  storing  them 
out-of-doors  if  a  suitable  cellar  is  available.  An  airy 
shed  is  undoubtedly  too  dry  for  them,  but  if  stored 
in  sand  on  the  floor  of  a  somewhat  djmp  and  frost- 
proof cellar  the  roots  will  keep  as  firm  as  a  rock  until 
spring.  A  cellar  not  being  available  they  may  be 
stored  similar  to  Potatos  out-of-doors,  and  the  pit 
should  be  opened  during  mild  weather,  the  roots 
examined,  and  any  growth  rubbed  off.  G,  ff, 
Richards,  Somerley  Gardens,  Rin^vood, 


464 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


^OCTOBKR    10,     1885. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  'ale  of  Bulbs  from    Holland,    at    Stevens" 
Rooms. 

^^oNDAv,        Oct. .,  ]  'I'^l^"'*  """■'•  ^'  ■""""""^  *  "°"''' 

of  Rhubarb,  at  Dcptford,  by  Prolheroe 


r  Roy 


ficMor 

Itural     Society  :     Show     of 
Apples  and  Pears  (two  days)  I  Meeting  of 


t  and  Floral  Commi     _ .  ,  . 
I  National    Rose  Society :    Execu' 

"''■■3-ic£';"„'cc1fa1e'S' 

Clapton,  bj[  Protheroe  £c  MorriL. 
Sale  of  the  First  Portion  of  the  Collecti 
Established    Orchids  formed  by  H, 


f  Nursery  Stock,  at  Upper 


\V. 


^      Lowe,  Esq.,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris"  Rooms. 
■  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Flowering  and  Established  Orchids, 
at  Stevens'  Rooms, 
J  Sale  of  Camellias,   Azaleas,    Roses,   Lilies, 
\      &c.,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Clearance  sale  of  Nursery   Stock,   at   Daw 
son's  Nursery,  Sunbury,  by   Prolheroe  & 
L      Morris  (two  days), 
r  Sale    of   Establibhed  Orchids,    at    Stevens' 


Roonr 


Ort 

15  J  Sale  of   Dutch  Bulbs,   Roman  Hyacini 

Oct 

,   r  Sale  o{  Imported  Orchids,  a 
»6  \      Morris-  kooms. 

t  Protheroe 

J- Sale      of      Dutch      Bulbs, 

Oct 

'?-,  Sale    of     Dutch     Bulbs,    a 

Morrii'  Rooms. 

THE  announcements  in  another  column  will 
show  that  the  holiday  season,  if  ever 
there  is  one  in  the  horticultural  world,  is  at  an 
end.  It  will  not  surprise  those  who  have  taken 
part  in  recent  Conferences  and  Congresses 
dealing  with  Apples,  Narcissus,  and  Orchids, 
and  it  will  not  astonish  those  who  are  interested 
in  the  forthcoming  exhibitions  of  Pears  and 
Piimroses,  that  the  success  which  has  attended 
these  partial  gatherings  and  which  it  is  reason- 
ably expected  will  ensue  from  those  still  to 
come — it  will  not,  we  repeat,  be  surprising  that 
the  idea  of  an  International  Exhibition 
AND  Congress  on  a  large  scale  should  once 
more  be  mooted.  The  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  so  often  threatened  and  so 
much  tried,  has  shown  through  all  its  troubles 
so  much  actual  vitality  and  so  much  greater 
potential  force,  that  we  cannot  doubt  that  the 
fullest  sympathy  will  be  accorded  to  it  in  its 
endeavour  to  act  in  accordance  with  the  spirit 
of  the  age,  and  that  the  most  careful  considera- 
tion and  the  utmost  support  will  be  accorded 
to  it  in  its  endeavour  to  inaugurate  an  exhibi- 
tion and  a  congress  on  a  scale  befitting  the 
traditions  of  the  Society  and  the  needs  of  the 
day.  We  are  well  aware  that  many  attempts 
in  this  direction  have  fallen  tlat.  The  gigantic 
success  of  1S66  has  acted  as  an  actual  discou- 
ragement to  further  enterprise,  and  the  altered 
conditions  of  the  times  have  hitherto  been 
adverse  to  the  carrying  out  of  such  a  scheme. 
But  it  would  be  idle  to  suppose  that  the  horti- 
cultural world  will  be  content  to  rest  upon  the 
memories  of  a  period  now  twenty  years  old, 
rather  it  may  be  expected  that  it  will  be 
willing  and  with  all  confidence  take  into 
consideration  the  proposal  once  more  to  in- 
augurate an  exhibion  and  a  congress  worthy  of 
the  nation.  The  matter  is  to  be  ventilated  at 
the  next  meetings  of  the  committees  of  the  So- 
ciety on  Tuesday  next,  and  we  earnestly  hope 
that  the  members  and  Fellows  will  come  pre- 
pared to  consider  the  matter  in  the  most  sym- 
pathetic manner.  There  are  so  many  things  to 
be  considered,  that  it  is  hardly  to  be  expected 
that  any  definite  scheme  can  at  once  be  adopted. 
First  of  all  will  come  the  question,  whether  or 
no  such  an  exhibition  on  such  a  scale  is  desir- 
able at  this  particular  time.  This  is  a  point  on 
which  we  ourselves  are  not  prepared  at  the 
moment  to  offer  an  opinion.  That  must  neces- 
sarily depend  in  large  measure  on  the  feeling  of 
the  exhibitors,  and  of  those  who  may  be 
expected  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  matter. 

.Assuming,  however,  that  the  desirability  of 
such  an  exhibition  be  affirmed,  the  next  point 
will  be  to  determine  who  shall  carry  it  out.  We 
well  remember  that  on  the  former  occasion  the 
Society,  that  should  have  placed  itself  at  the 
head  declined,  doubtless  for  what  then  seemed 
good  reason,  10  take  part  in  the  movement, 
which  was  entirely  carried  out  by  private  zeal 


and  enterprise.  The  great  success  then  attained 
was  attributable  mainly  to  the  excellent  feeling 
that  prevailed  among  all  those  interested,  and 
to  the  admirable  chairmanship  of  the  late  Sir 
Wentworth  Dilke.  His  zeal,  and  more 
especially  his  courtesy  and  tact,  kept  jarring 
elements  within  bounds,  and  so  manipulated 
them  that  they  were  made  to  act  together  for 
the  common  good. 

But  even  with  the  superlative  administration 
of  the  chairman  and  treasurer  it  will  be  remem- 
bered that  the  matter  was  as  nigh  to  have 
become  as  gigantic  a  failure  as  it  afterwards 
developed  into  a  success.  A  large  guarantee 
fund  was  proposed,  and  very  numerous  promises 
of  support  were  received,  but  that  guarantee 
was  never  actually  carried  out,  owing  to  legal 
difficulties,  and  it  is  hardly  doubtful  that  had  the 
promoters  been  obliged  to  seek  the  fulfilment  of 
the  implied  promise  of  support  in  the  case  of  a 
deficit,  that  considerable  difficulties  would  have 
been  expea-ienced.  But  this  is  ancient  history, 
and  though  we  do  well  to  profit  by  past  expe- 
rience, we  shall  doeven  better  by  endeavouring  to 
work  according  to  the  lights  and  circumstances 
of  the  present.  The  questions  for  discussion 
on  Tuesday  next,  then,  seem  to  resolve  them- 
selves into  these.  Is  it  desirable  at  the  present 
time  to  undertake  such  an  exhibition  and  con- 
gress ?  If  so,  by  whom  shall  the  scheme  be 
worked,  and  what  shape  shall  the  matter  take  .' 
If  it  be  considered  desirable,  there  is  hardly  a 
doubt  that  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  is 
the  proper  body  to  undertake  it,  always  pro- 
vided they  can  satisfy  the  public  and  the 
exhibitors  and  others,  that  they  have  the 
requisite  zeal  and  administrative  ability.  The 
success  of  the  recent  partial  congresses  afiTord 
at  least  some  guarantees  on  this  point.  In  the 
next  place,  as  to  the  scope  of  the  proposed 
exhibition.  There  will,  we  anticipate,  be  little 
doubt  that  this  must,  to  ensure  success,  be 
of  the  widest  and  most  comprehensive 
character. 

Horticulture  at  present  is  too  much  looked 
on  as  a  mere  luxury,  and  is  thought  to  concern 
more  especially  the  wealthier  classes.  But 
Horticulture,  as  we  all  know,  has  much  wider 
aims.  It  concerns  the  peasant  even  more 
closely  than  the  peer.  The  general  welfare  of 
the  community  is  bound  up  with  its  success, 
and  the  special  welfare  of  the  landed  interest, 
of  the  farmer,  market  gardener,  manufacturer, 
and  of  our  colonial  brethren  in  every  quarter  of 
the  globe,  is  very  intimately  concerned  in  it. 
All  this,  though  well  known  to  the  horti- 
culturist, is  not  sufficiently  recognised  by  the 
general  public,  which  eats,  drinks,  and  is 
clothed,  which  builds  houses,  and  manufactures 
what  it  requires,  without  much  thought  of  the 
sources  of  supply  and  the  means  for  augment- 
ing that  supply  and  of  developing  new  resources. 
To  illustrate  our  meaning  we  would  point  out 
that  Horticulture  should  not  content  itself  with 
exhibitions  of  flowers  and  fruit,  however  splen- 
did, but  it  must  develope  its  unrivalled  resources 
by  making  known  to  the  fullest  the  products  of 
the  vegetable  world,  their  suitability  for  culti- 
vation, and  their  adaptations  to  the  require- 
ments of  mankind.  Forestry  in  all  its  branches, 
the  cultivation  of  food-plants  in  all  climates, 
the  deve'opment  of  the  resources  of  our  colonies 
in  the  production  of  materials  for  food,  construc- 
tional purposes,  medicinal  and  economic  use.  All 
these  matters  come  legitimately  into  the  scope  of 
Horticulture  when  looked  at  in  a  comprehen- 
sive sense.  It  may  be  said  that  many  of  these 
matters  are  rather  agricultural  than  horticul- 
tural, and  in  truth  the  interests  of  the  two — 
Horticulture  and  Agriculture — are  in  so  far 
identical,  but  Horticulture  is  the  parent  of 
Agriculture,  and  the  manufacturers  and  farmers 
of  this  country  and  the  colonists  of  the  tropics 
are  perfectly  justified  in  looking  to  Horticul- 
ture for  extended  knowledge  and  judicious 
guidance. 

In  like  manner  Horticulture  and  Agriculture 
have  claims  upon  a  scientific  congress.  The 
art  of  Agriculture  and  the  art  of  Horticulture 
have  progressed  as  far  as  they  can  well  do  un- 


aided, but  Science,  it  cannot  be  doubted,  has  in 
its  mines  ore  that  only  waits  to  be  brought  to  the 
surface  and  utilised  to  extend  the  arts  aforesaid 
in  new  directions,  and  to  an  extent  as  yet  un- 
dreamt of. 

Taken  up  in  such  a  spirit,  however  much  we 
may,  in  practice,  fall  short  of  the  ideal,  we 
cannot  doubt  that  such  an  exhibition  and  con- 
gress thus  conceived  in  the  widest  and  broadest 
spirit,  and  carried  out  in  a  business-like  manner 
— each  helping  each — will  be  attended  with 
success.  In  any  case,  the  matter  is  ripe  for 
discussion,  and  such  discussion— penetrating, 
cautious,  and  exhaustive — we  hope  it  may 
receive. 


The  Royal  Botanic  Institution  of 
Glasgow — more  familiarly  known  as  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden,  Glasgow — is  passing  through  a 
period  of  trial  not  very  dissimilar  to  that  which 
beset  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  In 
order  the  better  to  develope  its  resources,  the 
Institution,  which  is  largely  dependent  on 
private  subscription,  borrowed  money  from  the 
Corporation  of  Glasgow.  With  the  money  so 
obtained  it  reconstructed  the  garden,  built  new 
houses,  and  acquired  a  splendid  winter  garden. 
This  attempt  to  meet  at  one  time  the  require- 
ments of  fashion  and  the  demands  of  science 
has  failed,  just  as  it  failed  at  South  Kensington. 
Science  alone  could  not  maintain  the  establish- 
ment, and  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  Glas- 
gow, for  whom  these  vast  expenses  were 
specially  incurred,  have  left  the  Institution 
in  the  lurch,  just  as  happened  at  South 
Kensington.  As  a  consequence,  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Glasgow  receiving,  as  we  understand,  no 
interest  for  the  monies  advanced,  and  seeing  no 
prospects  of  doing  so,  have,  as  custodians  of 
and  dispensers  of  the  public  money,  rather 
suddenly  called  up  the  money  lent.  There  is, 
we  believe,  little  doubt  that  the  real  value  of  the 
property  is  considerably  greater  than  the 
amount  lent,  but  the  value  cannot  be  realised 
without  disastrous  sacrifice,  and  the  question  is 
what  is  to  be  done .'  It  is  obvious  that  the 
proprietors  of  the  garden  are  (as  the  Council  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  was)  paralysed 
by  this  state  of  things.  The  power  is,  we 
believe,  in  the  hands  of  the  Corporation  of 
Glasgow  to  do  as  they  list.  What  ought  they 
to  do  under  such  circumstances .'  We  can  well 
understand  that  they  are  loath  to  expend 
monies  from  which  all  the  citizens  may 
not  derive  benefit.  If  it  were  a  matter 
of  pure  science  the  difficulties  would  not  be 
great,  and  the  University  and  scientific  bodies 
of  so  great  a  centre  of  learning  might  surely 
keep  up  a  garden  sufficient  for  their  purposes. 
A  botanic  garden  is  more  than  ever  necessary 
for  the  training  and  instruction  of  students  of 
botany  and  science  generally.  At  one  time  a 
herbarium,  a  few  diagrams  and  models,  supple- 
mented by  a  relatively  few  specimens,  such  as 
would  not  tax  the  resources  of  a  large  garden, 
and  by  occasional  excursions,  would  supply  all 
that  was  considered  necessary,  but  in  the  pre- 
sent state  of  botany  a  constant  supply  of  fresh 
specimens  of  plants  of  all  descriptions  is  a  vital 
necessity  for  study  and  comparison.  Even  these 
requirements  the  University  might  be  expected 
to  supply,  but  when  it  comes  to  maintaining  a 
costly  and  well  furnished  public  garden,  such 
as  befits  a  large  city  like  Glasgow,  the  case  is 
different. 

The  scientific  portion  of  the  garden  is  limited 
in  its  requirements,  but  a  pleasure  ground  and 
houses  open  to  the  public  demand  much  larger 
funds.  That  the  Corporation  should  hesitate 
about  its  duties  in  the  matter,  however,  is 
rather  surprising.  We  suppose  no  city  in  the 
universe,  certainly  none  in  Britain,  stands  more 
in  need  for  purposes  of  health  and  recreation 
of  such  an  establishment  than  Glasgow.  If  it 
did  not  exist  the  custodians  of  the  public  money 
might  hesitate  in  incurring  the  expense,  but 
there  it  is,  and  on  the  other  hand  there  is  a 


OriOBER    10,    IB 


;.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


465 


city  which,  as  any  one  who  has  visited  it  must 
acknowledge,  stands  wofully  in  need  of  the 
amenities,  the  life  and  health-giving  requisites, 
which  such  a  garden  supplies.  We  trust,  then, 
we  may  shortly  hear  that  the  garden  has  become 


its  management.  Glasgow,  which  owes  so 
much  to  botany,  and  which  might  owe  so 
much  more,  should,  even  for  personal,  com- 
mercial, and  manufacturing  interests,  apart 
even  from  wider  sanitary  considerations,  look 


known  experts.  The  articles  will  be  abundantly 
illustrated.  In  the  following  weeks  we  shall  hope  to 
give  a  complete  account  of  the  great  exhibition  of 
Pears  to  be  held  at  Chiswick  from  October  21  to 
November  4.  .nw^,.^ 


Fig.  99.— ABIES  pissAPO.     (see  p.  468.) 


public  property,  and  that  while  it  serves  its 
beneficent  purpose  as  a  means  of  health,  and 
pleasure  to  the  community,  it  may  regain  the 
ancient  reputation  it  had  when  Dr.  Hooker, 
afterwards  Sir  Willia.m,  rendered  the  then 
little  Glasgow  Garden  famous  throughout  the 
world  by  the  zeal  and  energy  he  displayed  in 


to  It  that  its  Botanic   Garden  be>uitably  main- 
tained and  its  influences  enhanced. 


Our  Ne.xt  Nu.mbers.— In  our  next   issue 

we  shall  lay  before  our  readers  various  articles  on  the 
history,  cultivation,  and  diseases  of  Pears,  by  well 


The  Royal  Horticultural  Society.— 

From  a  copy  of  the  programme  of  the  Primula  Con- 
ference, to  be  held  on  April  24,  1886,  under  the 
auspices  of  this  Society,  it  appears  that  an  exhibition 
of  these  interesting  plants  will  be  held  in  the  Con- 
servatory at  South  Kensington  on  April  23  and  24, 
1886,  in  conjunction  with  the  exhibition  of  the  Na- 


466 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1SS5. 


tional  Auricula  Society.  The  President  of  the  Con- 
ference, John  T.  D.  Ll-^welyn,  F.LS,  and  the 
Chairman  of  the  Committee,  Dr.  Michael  Foster, 
F.R.S.»  are  supported  by  a  numerous  committee  of 
gerlltnien  interested  in  ihesubj:ct  in  this  country, 
both  amateur  and  proTessional,  as  well  as  by  the 
representatives  of  a  large  number  of  the  chief  botanical 
and  horticultural  gardens  and  museums  abroad.  It  is 
proposed  that  the  plants  to  be  exhibited  shall  be 
ranged  under  eleven  classes,  namely:  —  l.  The  Au- 
ricula. 2.  The  Primrose  and  Polyanthus.  3.  Varieties 
of  Primula  Sieboldi.  4.  Varieties  of  Primula  sinensis. 
5.  European  species,  varieties  and  hybrids  of  the 
genus  Primula.  6.  Himalayan  and  other  Asiatic 
.<:pecies,  varieties  and  hybiids  of  the  genus  Primula. 
7.  Chinese  and  Japanese  species,  varieties  and 
hybrids  of  the  genus  Piimula.  S.  American 
species,  varieties  and  hybrids  of  the  genus  Pri- 
mula. 9  Plants  allied  to  the  ^tnus  Piimula,  such  ai 
C)clamen,  I->,decatheon,  Androsace,  Cortusa,  &c, 
(of  the  species  only,  not  garden  vaiietie?,  will  be 
admiited).  10.  Piimulaceous  plan's  grown  to  illus- 
trate special  modes  of  culture,  &c.  If.  Specimens, 
models,  and  drawings,  illustrative  of  the  structure  and 
mode  of  growth  of  Primulaceous  plants.  In  order  to 
assist  in  the  arrangement  of  the  European  Primulas 
at  the  exhibition,  Mr.  J.  G.  Baktr,  F.R.S,  has 
kindly  drawn  up  fur  the  committee  a  list  of  European 
Primulas,  classitied  in  three  group?,  published  as  an 
appendix  to  the  programme,  which  may  serve  as  a 
preliminary  basis  for  the  discussion  at  the  Conference, 
and  also  as  a  guide,  so  far  as  possible,  to  the  exhi- 
bitors in  giving  names  to  the  plants  they  exhibit. 
The  provisional  programme  of  ihc  Conference  on 
April  24,  1SS6,  includes  :  — I.  The  origin  and  history 
of  the  Boriats'  Aur'cula,  on  which  subject  an  intro* 
ductory  paper  will  be  read  by  Mr.  Shirley  Ilin- 
BERD.  2.  The  directions  in  which  efforts  should  be 
made  with  the  view  of  improving  the  florists'  flowers 
belonging  to  the  genus  Primula  ;  introductory  paper 
by  Samuel  Barlow,  Esq.,  J. P.  3.  The  nomencla- 
ture of  Alpine  Primulas  ;  introductory  paper  by  Mr. 
J.  G.  Baker.  4.  Culture  of  hardy  Pr-nvilas  ;  intro- 
ductory paper  by  Dr.  Maxwell  T.  Masters,  on 
root-structure  and  mode  of  growth  as  alT)rding  indica- 
tions of  the  probable  best  method  of  culture.  This 
Conference,  following  closely  as  it  does  on  the  heels  of 
the  Apple  Congress  and  the  Orchid  Conference,  and 
with  a  Pear  Congress  in  course  of  arrangement 
together  with  the  active  part  being  taken  by  the 
Society  in  housing  and  caring  for  growing  plants  to 
be  shown  in  the  forthcoming  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition  by  the  various  cok  nies,  gives  evidence  that 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  under  the  energetic 
management  of  the  present  Council,  not  only  still 
holds,  but  has  taken  a  step  in  advance  of,  its  well- 
known  position  as  the  horticulluril  authority  in  this 
country. 

The  Bentham  Portrait. — The  following 

cffinal  reply  has  been  received  by  Sir  John  Lub- 
nociv  in  acknowledgment  of  the  portrait  presented  by 
the  subscribers  to  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew  :  — 

"September  21.  1885. 

"Sir  Joseph  Hooker  liaving  informed  the  Board 
that  a  portrait  of  the  late  Mr.  George  Bentham  has 
been  presented  by  you,  on  behalf  of  a  body  of  sub- 
scribers, to  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  I  am  directed  by 
the  First  Commissioner  of  Her  Majesty's  Woiks,  &c,.  to 
express  his  thanks  for  the  gift,  and  to  acquaint  you  that 
the  portrait  will  be  hung  in  the  Herbarium,  in  which  he 
worked  for  so  many  years,  and  which  was  greatly  en- 
riched by  his  generosity.— I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  ser- 
vant. "A.  B.  MiTKORU. 

"Sir  John  Lubbock.  Bart.,  M.P." 

National   Chrysanthemum  Society. — 

Floral  Committee  :— Mr.  Berry,  Roehamplon  ;  Mr. 
M.  Butcher,  Barnet  ;  Mr.  Bevan.  Dartmouth  Hill  ; 
Mr.  H.  Cannell,  Swanley  ;  Mr.  R.  Dean.  Ealing  ;  Mr. 
N.  Davis,  Camberwell  ;  Mr.  Gibson,  Mitcham  ;  Mr. 
G.  Gordon,  Gunnersbury  ;  Mr.  E  Kemp,  Clapton  ; 
Mr.  J.J.  Lowry.  Mill  Hill;  Mr.  Mardlin,  Finsbury 
Park  ;  Mr.  G.  Stevens,  Putney  ;  Mr.  J.  Springbetl, 
Cheshunt  ;  Mr.  C.  Sjvift,  Fulham  ;  Mr.  J.  Townsend, 
Putney.  The  first  meeting  of  the  above  committee 
will  be  held  at  the  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  in 
Ihe  organ  gallery,  on  Wednesday,  October  14,  at  2  30 
P.M.  precisely,  when  new  or  rare  Chrysanthemums, 
or  other  subjects  may  be  submitted.  Certificates  will 
be  awarded  according  to  merit.  Exhibitors  can 
obtain  admission  to  these  meetings  by  signing  at- 
tendance book  at  staff-entrance  ofthe  Royal  Aquarium 


(next  the  theatre).  Exhibits  should  be  staged  not 
liter  than  2  15  p.m.  Parcels  (carriage  paid)  may  be 
directed  to  Mr.  William  Holmes,  Honorary  Secre- 
tary,  care  of  F.  Gates,  Esq.,  Royal  Aquarium, 
Westminster,  S.W.  Exhibitors  need  not  necessarily 
be  members  of  the  Society. 

Gardeners  as  Voters.— At  a  Registration 

Court  in  Midlothian  lately  the  question  of  the  right 
to  vote  of  gardeners  living  in  bothies  came  under  dis- 
cussion. It  appears  from  the  report  \xi\.\\^  Edinburgh 
Cotirant  that  objection  was  raised  to  one  uf  the  gar- 
deners at  Dalkeith.  There  were,  said  the  objector, 
on  the  list  for  Dalkeith  five  gardeners  who  occupied 
bothies,  and  the  objection  was  that  they  were  not 
entitled  to  be  registered.  The  Act  of  Parliament 
that  gave  the  franchise  to  any  householder  allowed  it 
to  any  man  who  occupied  part  of  a  house  exclusively, 
but  it  did  not  give  the  right  to  any  man  who  had  a 
joint  right  wiih  others  to  every  part  of  the  house.  He 
would  have  been  prepared  to  admit  the  case  of  this 
man  if  he  had  been  satisfied  that  he  had  even  a  bed- 
room of  his  own.  He  understood,  however,  that  two 
men  used  the  same  bed-room,  and  therefore  had  not 
any  part  of  the  house  they  could  call  exclusively  their 
own. 

"The  Sheriff:  Your  objection  is  that  it  is  not  a 
separate  dwelling-house,  because  they  jointly  occupy  the 
house  ? 

"  The  .\ssESSOR  :  Duncan  Brough  occupies  one 
room.  He  is  the  sole  occupier,  and  can  cook  his  food 
there. 

"  The  SllERiFi  :  It  is  not  exactly  the  case  of  a  bothy  ; 
there  is  a  common  place  lor  mcils.  They  each  have 
separate  rooms,  to  which  alone  they  have  access  ? 

"  The  Assessor  replied  in  the  affirmative. 

"TheSHEitiFF  said  it  appeared  to  be  the  fact  that 
this  man  had  a  separate  sleeping  apartment  which  he 
occupied  exclusively,  and  he  took  his  meals  in  the  com- 
mon room  with  other  gardeners. 

"Mr.  Cami'Bf.ll  said  Mr.  Nicholson's  book  said, 
'It  would  probably  be  held  that  where  two  or  more 
servants  together  occupied  a  bothy  none  of  them  would 
be  entitled  to  register  ; '  but  if  it  was  the  case  that  they 
each  had  a  separate  sleeping  room  he  would  not  press 
his  objection  further, 

"  The  Sheriff  thought  Mr.  Campbell,  the  objector, 
was  well  advised  in  withdrawing  iL" 

The  Crvptogamic  Society  of  Scotland 

held  its  eleventh  annual  conference  at  Corrie,  Inland 
of  Arran,  on  the  29'h  uU.,  and  succeeding  days.  The 
weather  was  unfavourable  throughout.  Fungi  were  not 
abundant.  This,  however,  was  owinj  rather  to  a 
continuation  of  barren  seasons  than  to  soil  or  climate. 
Arran  is  ri:h  in  Ferns.  Trichomanes  radicans  has 
been  gathered  on  the  island.  Hymenophyllum  tun- 
bridgense,  much  less  frequent  in  Scotland  than  in 
England,  was  found  growing  luxuriantly  ;  H.  uri- 
laterale,  more  extended  in  its  distribution,  was  also 
abundant.  Some  idea  of  the  climate  of  the  island  may 
beformed  fromthefact  that  Palms,  Camellias,  Myrtles, 
Heaths,  Fuchsias,  &c.,  have  been  grown  in  the  open 
air,  uninjured  through  a  long  succession  of  winters. 
At  the  business  meetingof  the  Society,  Dr.  Flaxman 
Spurrell  in  the  chair,  it  was  resolved  to  publish  a 
volume  ol  Transactions  after  the  next  annual  con- 
ference, which  will  take  place  at  Aberdeen  in  the 
autumn  of  next  year,  under  the  presidency  of  Professor 
J,  W.  H.  Trai'l. 

Home  Grown  Timber.— We    extract  the 

following  from  a  Scottish  paper  :  — 

"  Two  years  ago  a  violent  storm  ble-v  down  an  enor- 
mous number  of  trees  in  Scotland.  On  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch's  estate  'at  Dnimlanrig]  a  hundred  different 
woods  were  devastated.  The  trees  have  r^rmained  ever 
since  as  the/  fell.  No  one  could  be  induced  to  undertake 
thehugecontractof  removing  them.  Just  lately,  however, 
an  enterprising  I>ondon  merchant  has  purchased  the  entire 
lot  from  the  Duke's  stewards,  who,  indeed,  had  become 
so  anxious  to  have  them  removed  that  they  offered  them 
at  an  extremely  low  price.  The  purchaser  has  begun  to 
do  a  flourishing  trade,  for  he  cin  afford  to  undersell  the 
Baltic  merchants.  The  incident  seems  to  show  that 
forestry  is  indeed  a  neglected  industry  in  this  country. 
There  seems  no  reason  why  the  Baltic  trade  should  not 
be  permanently  rivalled  by  the  products  of  our  own 
woodlands." 

ExHiDiTiON  OF  Agricultural  and  Gar- 
den Produce  at  Newry,  October  i,  1SS5  — 
The  Newry  public  were  on  this  occasion  indebted 
to  the  enterprise  and  taste  of  Messrs,  Rodger, 
M'Clelland  &  Co.,  for  what  was  one  of  the  most 


successful  and  attractive  exhibitions  of  the  above 
witnessed  for  a  long  time  in  this  neighbourhood.  The 
large  premises  were  utilised  for  the  purpose,  and  what 
with  evergreens  tastefully  disposed,  flowers,  fruit, 
garden  produce  generally,  and  artistic  designs  on  the 
walls,  the  place  was  transformed  into  a  little  Eden  of 
Beauty.  Above  300  exhibits  were  shown.  The  venture 
was  unique,  inasmuch  as  it  was  projected  and  cirried 
out  at  Ihe  risk  and  expense  of  Messrs.  Rodger, 
M'Clelland  lS:  Co.,  but  at  the  sime  time  it  wjll 
mark  a  new  departure  of  a  very  gratifying  kind  to 
amateurs  and  farmer?. 

Sv.Mrii^TUM  asp^rrimum. — Mr.  Mitchell 

Henry  in  the  Times  recommends  the  use  of  this 
plant  as  a  forage  crop  : — 

"  Five  years  ago  1  obtained  a  small  supply  of  the  rools 
from  a  London  agent,  and  planted  them  in  a  light  sandy 
soil  in  which  they  did  not  do  very  well.  The  roots  were 
then  taken  up,  divided  like  Jerusalem  Artichokes,  and 
transplanted  into  reclaimed  peat  land,  receiving  a  good 
supply  of  farmyard  manure.  Here  the  Prickly  Comfrey 
has  nourished  amizingly,  and  by  subdivision  now  covers 
several  acres.  It  has  been  cut  this  year  already  five 
times,  and  will  be  cut  again  before  Christmas,  yielding 
by  careful  weighing  after  the  present  fifth  cutting  a  total 
of  40  tons  to  the  acre. 

"  The  plant  is  uncommonly  handsome,  and  when 
planted  should  have  intervals  fjr  its  growth  of  not  less 
than  2  feet,  and  when  gathered  it  shou'd  be  cut  down 
even  with  the  ground  and  receive  a  dose  of  liquid  or 
other  manure.  Cattle  eat  it  greedily,  and  it  is  excellent 
for  dairy  cows,  as  it  does  not  flavour  the  milk,  I  have 
seen  it  stated  that  the  roughness  of  the  leaves  makes  it 
distasteful  to  cattle,  but  this  is  an  error.  It  is  an  in- 
valuable food  for  pheasants,  ducks,  and  all  kinds  of 
fowl,  and  if  chopped  up  for  them  in  that  most  useful 
instrument,  Starritt's  American  circular  cutter,  and 
mixed  with  birley-meal  or  crushed  Indian  corn,  it  fattens 
them  rapidly  and  saves  a  third  of  the  grain.  I  have  had 
two  of  these  mincing  machines,  one  large  and  the  other 
small,  both  purchased  from  Gilbertsox  &  Page, 
Hertford. 

"  Like  all  broad-leaved  plants,  which  derive  much  of 
their  food  from  the  air  and  the  rain,  Comfrey  grows  best 
wherever  Swedes  and  Mangels  flourish,  and  amply 
repays  the  expenditure  of  a  fair  supply  of  manure.  It 
has  been  stated  that  no  manure  is  wanted,  but  this, 
as  regards  all  plants,  is  nonsense,  for  in  some  way  or 
other  you  must  restore  to  the  soil  what  you  have  taken 
out  of  it,  and  root  crops  especially  exhaust  the  soil. 
Preserved  as  ensilage  Prickly  Comfrey  does  not  seem  to 
have  done  very  welt,  and  the  product  is  unusually  dis 
agreeable  in  smell." 

— —  Proposed  I.nternational  Exhibition.— 
A  meeting  of  the  Council  and  Committees  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  is  summoned  for  October 
13,  with  a  visw  of  ascertaining  the  possibility  of 
holding  an  International  Show  in  1SS7. 

Royal     Caledonian     Horticultural 

Society's  Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  1SS5. — 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Cale- 
donian Horticultural  Society,  held  on  August  14,  it 
was  resolved  to  hold  a  special  Exhibition  and  Con- 
ference on  Apples  and  Pears,  in  connection  with  the 
Society's  winter  show,  in  ^  the  Waverley  Market, 
Edinburgh,  on  November  25  and  26.  While  col- 
lections of  Apples  and  Pears  are  solicited  from  all 
part?,  for  comparison  and  instruction,  the  chief 
object  of  the  Conference  is  to  utilise  the  favourable 
opportunity  presented  by  the  tine  crop  this  year,  for 
the  purpose  of  gaining  information  about  the  Apples 
and  Pears  grown  in  Scotland,  comparing  their  meri[s, 
and  correcting  their  nomenclature.  AH  fruit  growers, 
especially  in  Scotland,  are  therefore  invited  to  send 
as  complete  collections  a«  possible  of  the  Apples  and 
Pears  grown  in  their  district  ;  and  as  the  object  is 
solely  educational,  there  will  be  no  competition  and 
no  prizes.  Is  it  not  necessary  that  the  fruit  should  be 
grown  by  the  sender.  No  limit  will  be  put  upon  the 
number  of  kinds  which  any  contributor  may  desire  to 
send  ;  but  the  number  of  each  variety  should  be  from 
two  to  four,  according  to  circumstances.  The  Council 
are  anxious  to  procure  as  complete  representations  as 
posssible  of  the  Apples  and.  Pears  grown  in  each 
district,  and  each  variety  should  be  distinctly  labelled, 
with  the  name  or  names  under  which  it  is  grown 
in  the  locality.  It  is  also  most  desirable  that  each 
collection  be  accompanied  by  all  the  information  pos- 
sible about  the  climate,  altitude,  exposure,  soil,  stocks, 
method  of  cultivation,  and  other  particulars,  which 
will  be  of  much  value  to  the  commilteee  in  drawing 
up  their  report.     For  this  purpose  forms  will  be  sup» 


October  io,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


467 


pUed  on  application  to  the  Secretary.  The  specimens 
being  strictly  for  examination  and  instiuction,  ihey 
must  necessarily  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  Council 
where  required.  Intending  exhibitors  must  give 
notice  to  the  Secretary  or  Assistant-Secretary,  in 
willing,  not  later  than  Monday,  November  16,  slDting 
the  number  cf  varieties  to  be  exhibited,  and  the 
amfjuat  of  space  that  will  be  required.  Collections 
of  fruit  may  be  consigned  to  Mr.  William  Young, 
A-sistant-Secretaiy,  iS,  Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh, 
and  delivered  ihere  on  or  before  Friday,  November  20. 
The  Council  will  pny  the  carriage  of  fruit,  and  take 
all  possible  care  of  it,  and  will  also  see  that  it  is 
properly  staged  for  the  inspection  of  the  committee  ; 
but  they  will  not  be  held  responsible  for  any  error, 
riamige,  or  loss  of  any  fruit  consigned  to  them. 
Exhi  jitors  staging  their  own  fruit  can  do  so  on  Tues- 
day, November  24  ;  and  all  must  be  staged  and  the 
hall  cleared  for  the  committee  by  10  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  Wednesday,  November  25.  Each  exhi- 
bitor will  receive  free  tickets  of  admission  to  the 
Exhibition  for  himself  and  such  number  of  assistants 
as  the  Council  may  deem  necessary.  The  entry  form 
to  be  fir.cd  up  and  returned  to  the  Secretary, 
18,  Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh,  not  later  than 
Monday,  November  16.  runs  as  follows  :  — 


Name  of  Exhibitor 

Address  of  Exhlbilor__ 
Number  of  V.irieties  exhibited 

Amount  of  Spice  required  

Altitude  above  Sea-level 


.  square  feet 
feet 


Sheltered  or  otherwise _      -   _  

The  following  table  is  to  be  filled  up,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, by  the  exhibitor  ;  — 


and  cheaper  iiigalheiing  of  the  harvest  than  they  ever 
before  cxprricnccd. 

•■  The  Wheat  plant  is  a  rcmaikable  one,  inasmuch  as 
whatever  the  weather  may  be,  it  never  fails  lo  yield  a 
crop,  though  it  is  only  on  very  rare  occasions  that  its 
choicest  favours  arc  bestowed  upon  us.  Out  of  the  forty- 
two  seasons  over  which  our  experiments  at  Rothamsted 
have  extended,  we  have  had  only  two  which  may  be 
called  first-class  ;  and  yet  we  have  no  reason  to  suppose 
that  each  crop  of  the  for:y.two  might  not  have  been 
equally  good,  had  the  season  been  equally  favourable. 

"  In  writing  a  few  years  ago  on  the  influence  of  climate 
upon  our  Wheal  crops,  we  pointed  out  thai  in  those 
ye:rs  in  which  the  yield  of  Wheal  wasunusually  large,  one 
of  the  peculiar  characteristics  of  the  climate  was  the 
steady  and  progressive  increase  in  the  lempfrature 
during  the  whole  period  of  the  growth  of  the  crop.  We 
may,  therefore,  assume  that  any  sudden  and  violent 
changes  Tn  temperature  would  be  injurious  lo  the  crop, 
more  especially  if  they  occurred  during  the  period  of  the 
year  when  the  growth  was  most  active.  June  is  in  this 
country  the  month  in  which  the  Wheal  crop  makes  the 
larger  portion  of  its  growth;  and  it  was  in  June  of 
the  present  year  that  we  experienced  several  violent 
fluctuations  of  temperature.  Eight  times  we  recorded  a 
temperature  ranging  between  73'  and  82°  Fahr  ,  followed 
in  most  cases  by  a  very  sharp  fall,  the  difference  in  one 
instance  being  as  much  as  20'.  As  the  weather  in  July 
and  August  was  altogether  favourable,  it  appears  pro- 
bable that  the  somewhat  unfavourable  report  we  are 
about  to  give  must  be  due  to  injuries  done  lo  Ihe  crop 
previous  to  the  month  of  July. 

'■  The  following  table  gives  the  yield  of  some  of  Ihe 
plots  of  our  experimental  Wheal  field,  the  crop  being  the 
forty-second  in  succession.  The  selected  plots  are  the 
same  as  have  been  employed  by  us  to  determine  tl  e 
yield  of  the  Wheat  crop  of  the  country  for  the  lait 
twenty-two  years  : — 


:  number,  and  in  column  II.  the  name, 

d;  column   III.,  its  use;  column  IV., 

I'.,  form  of  tree;  column  VI.,  kind  of 

n  VI I . ,  nature  of  the  soil  and  subsoil ;  column  V 1 11. , 

,ge  of  tree,  if  known  :  and  coUi.aiii  IX.,  general  remarks  on 

ny  other  point  of  interest. 


of 
wt 


in  colu 

variety 

grown  ; 


The  following  form  must  be   filled   in  by  each  exhi' 
bitor :  — 


Bearing  qu.ililies_ 
Stock 


Description  of  trt 
Exhibited  by  


Fruit  Catalogue.— It  is  rare  to  find  a 

catalogue  of  fruits,  sent  out  by  a  nurseryman,  so  full 
of  information  likely  to  prove  useful  to  the  cultivator, 
as  that  of  M.  N.  Gaucher,  of  Sluttgard.  The  various 
methods  and  designs  for  planting  regular  fruit  gardens 
with  bush,  pyramid,  espalier,  of  all  patterns  of  trees, 
are  given,  and  sketches  illustrating  the  manner  in 
which  the  various  trees,  bushes,  itc,  are  pruned  and 
trained.  The  lists  of  the  various  kinds  of  fruits  are 
very  full,  and  are  by  no  means  confined  to  those  of 
German  origin, 

—  The  Wheat  Crop  ot'  18S5.— Wc  are  indebted 
lo  the  kindness  of  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  of  the  Laboratory, 
Rothamstead,  for  the  following  statement  :  — 

"  It  is  very  rarely  that  the  weather  has  been  more 
favourable  than  that  which  we  have  hid  this  year  for  the 
ripening  and  harvesting  of  the  Wheat  crop  of  the  country. 
The  months  of  July  and  .Vugusl,  although  somewhat  low 
in  temperature,  were  almost  without  rain.  The  crop 
stood  up  well,  and  the  land  was  unusually  free  from 
weeds.  The  sheaf  binders  therefore  did  their  work 
under  great  advantages,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  re- 
cords of  some  of  our  farmers  will  show  a  more  rapid 


Biis'i 

■Is 

f/D, 

ssc.i 

Present  Vear.  18:5 

..-4 

4-;  3 

Average  10  years, 

,875-84  .. 
Aver.ige  23  years 

1852-74  .. 
Average  33  years, 

1S52-84  ..         .. 

■3 

29 

?5!-2 

3'K3«K3'y«    3358 

1 

28K33^34K  S'K 
30J  37ji  37  I  l^% 
3J?6  36M'36H    35K 


We:ght  par  Biis/ul of  Dnsicl  Gntin  in  Pouiuls. 


Present  Year,  18S5 

61 

6t;^  61 

6iJ4  6oK    61 

61H 

Average  10  years, 

.375-84  ..     .. 

sS?, 

6o;i    60K 

boV> 

59  K    Co 

.59?! 

1852.74  .. 

■i7H 

60       59>i 

59 

58  i«    59 

.sH;s 

Average  33  years, 

1 

1852-84  .. 

sf 

6o!S  59H 

59y4 

58}i    WA 

59 

TaMStr.iJ 

t«,  C/«jf,  &-. 

,ptrAcrt,mC-,^ts. 

Present  Year,  1885 

'o%      33;  i 

^9}i'4'H3^}i    34 

'iK 

Average  10  years, 
.875-84  ..         .. 

8>^     vH 

3iK39'/<4>i4    37J^ 

2*H 

.^ver.ige  23  year.i, 
1852-74  .. 

I'H      33>'i 

34?i'4-K  4="/.    39'A 

iS'A 

Average    33  years, 
.852-84  .. 

I'H      3'J. 

33^405^4.?*    38K 

^7'/* 

"  The  average  produce  of  the  selected  plots  shows  a 
yield  of  not  quite  29I  bushels  per  acre,  but  as  the  weight 
per  bushel  is  slightly  higher  ili.in  the  standard  of  61  lb  , 
we  may  lake  llie  average  yield  as  being  3g\  bushels. 

"The  peculiar  feature  of  the  crop  of  this  season  is 
the  l.irge  yield  obtained  upon  the  plot  manured  with 
farmyard  dung  every  year,  as  compared  with  the  plots 
which  receive  arlificial  manures.  This  year  there  is  a 
difference  of  7  bushels  per  acre  in  favour  of  the  dung, 
the  mean  ol  the  artificial  niinures  giving  J3J  bushels, 
and  the  dung  40  bushels  per  acre.  It  is  only  under  very 
special  circumstances  thit  the  produce  of  the  dung 
exceeds  that  of  the  artifici.il  manures,  and  as  the  dunged 
plot  is  supplied  every  ye.ar  wilh  a  large  amount  of  vege- 
table matter,  while  the  plots  to  which  we  apply  artificial 
manures  receive  none,  we  might  expect  to  find  thai  the 
Wheat  crop  upon  fen  soils,  and  soils  that  contain  much 
vegetable  matter,  would  be  considerably  over  an 
average.  As  the  character  of  the  climate  has  been 
specially  unfavour.able  lo  the  action  of  artificial 
manures,  and  the  Wheat  crop  of  the  country  generally 

•  Equal  to  29!^  bushels,  at  6.  lb.  per  bushel, 
t  Equal  to  23%  bushels,  at  61  lb.  per  bushel, 
t  Equal  10  27K  bushels,  at  61  lb.  per  bushel. 
§  Equal  to  26^  bushels,  at  61  lb,  per  bushel, 


depends  upon  the  manure  of  the  farm,  I  should  be  dis- 
posed 10  think  that  my  figures,  as  representing  the  yield 
of  the  country,  are  too  low  rather  than  loo  high. 
T.iking  them,  however,  as  they  stand,  with  an  area 
under  Wheat  of  2,554,852  acres,  the  home-grown  pro- 
duce will  amount  lo  9,421,017  quarters,  and  deducting 
2;  bushels  for  seed,  the  amount  available  for  consumption 
will  be  8,702,465  qu.irters.  The  estimated  average  popu- 
lation for  the  harvest  year,  September  r,  1885.  to 
August  3r,  1886,  IS  36.617.201,  and  allowing  for  a  con- 
sumption of  5.65  bushels  per  head,  the  total  amount  of 
Wheat  required  to  feed  the  population  will  be  25,860,893 
quarters.  The  imports,  therefore,  required  to  supple- 
ment our  home  produce  will  be  a  little  over  17.000000 
quarters.  Last  year  we  imported  and  retained  for  home 
consumption  18,000,000  quarters,  while  our  estimated 
requirements  did  not  appear  10  amount  to  more  than 
161  million  quarters ;  there  appears,  iherelore,  to  be' 
a  large  surplus  stock  of  Wheat  in  our  granaries— 
a  sufficient  reason  lo  account  for  the  want  of  any  life  in 
the  trade." 

The  Linnean  Society.— The  meetings  of 

this  Sjciety  will  be  held  at  Burlington  House,  Picca- 
dilly, W  ,  on  the  following  dates  :  — 1S85. — Thurs- 
days, November  5  and  19  ;  December  3  and  17. 
1SS6.— January  21  ;  February  4  and  iS;  March  4 
and  iS;  April  i  and  15;  May  6  and  (Anniver- 
sary) Monday  24  ;  June,  Thursdays  3  and  17.  The 
chair  will  be  taken  at  S  o'clock  in  Ihc  evening  pre- 
cisely, at  every  meeting,  excepting  on  May  24,  the 
day  appointed  for  the  anniversary  elections,  when  the 
chair  will  be  taken  at  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  pre- 
cisely. The  library  is  optn  daily  from  10  o'clock  till 
5  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  (on  meetings  nights  con- 
tinuously), and  the  reading-room,  adjoining,  from 
10  a.m.  to  6  p  m  ,  but  on  days  of  Council  meetings 
and  on  Saturdays  only  till  4  P.M. 

Travelling    Si.kty    Years    Ago.  —  The 

subjoined  letter  from  Mr.  BiCHENO,  a  well  kn  iwn 
British  botaris',  afterwads  Colonial  Secretary  in 
Tasmania,  addressed  to  the  late  Dr.  (then  Mr.) 
Li-NDLEY,  will  b;  read  with  interest  in  these  days  of 
cheap  trains  :  — 

"Newbury,  April  25,  1819. 

"  A  letter  from  Mr.  Hooker  this  morning  informs  me 
that  you  purpose  in  a  few  days  lo  go  down  to  Bales- 
worth  ;  and  he  has  proposed  that  we  should  travel 
together,  if  it  should  be  mutually  agreeable.  The  scheme 
is  one  I  shall  be  very  happy  lo  embrace  if  it  should  meet 
with  your  convenience,  and  the  mode  I  propose  to  travel 
should  be  approved.  It  is  my  intention  lo  reach  Lon- 
don in  my  gig  on  Monday,  the  3d  May,  and  I  should  be 
ready,  therefore,  lo  set  off  the  next  day,  in  the  afternoon, 
for  some  place  about  twenty  miles  on  the  road.  On  ihe 
Wednesday  we  might  reach  Colchester,  or  Ipswich,  and 
the  next  morning  Halesworth.  If,  however,  Iheie  was 
any  spot  in  passing  where  any  botanical  rarities  are  to  be 
found,  I  shall  be  happy  to  fall  in  with  any  arrangement 
that  your  knowledge  of  habitats  may  enable  you  to 
suggest. 

"  Should  my  proposition  be  acceptable  to  you,  I  shal 
feel  much  pleasure  in  giving  you  a  seat  in  my  gig. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c.         "J.  E.  Dicheno.' 

Forthcoming  Shows  — O.t  Tuesday  next 

the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  will  hold  a  meeting 
of  the  Fruit  and  Floral  Committees,  and  a  show  of 
Apples  and  Pears  on  that  and  Ihe  following  day. 
The  National  Pear  Congress,  inaugurated  by  the 
above  Society,  will  last  from  October  2t  till  Novem- 
ber 4.  — At  Exeter,  on  October  22,  there  will  be  held 
an  exhibition  of  Apples  and  Pears,  lasting  two  days. 
—  Kingston  and  Surbiton  Chrysanthemum  Society's 
Show  is  fixed  for  November  10  and  II  ;  and  that  of 
the  National  Society,  at  the  Aquarium,  on  Novem- 
ber II  — 12.— The  Richmond  Chrysanthemum  Show 
will  be  held  on  November  5  and  6,  when  II.R.H. 
Princess  Mary  will  open  the  show.  The  Crystal 
Palace  Chrysanthemum  Show  will  be  held  on  Novem- 
ber 6  and  7- 

The      Aylesbury        Chrysanthemum 

Society. — This  Society  will  hold  an  exhibition  on 
November  19.  There  are  forty  classes  constituted, 
and  the  chief  prizes  are  of  good  amount,  ranging 
from  three  guineas  downwards. 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.  Robert 

Leadbetter,  as  Head  Gardener  to  A.  G.  HuBBUCK, 
Esq.,  Elmstead  Lodge,  Chislehurst.— Mr.  James 
Church,  as  HeadGardener  to  Sir  William  Parker, 
Bart.,  Melfotd  Hall,  Suffolk. 


TRADE    MEMORANDUM. 

The  whereabouts  of  Mr.  Edwin  Tetlow,  of  Not- 
tingham, is  requested  by  several  correspondents. 


468 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  io,  1885. 


ABIES     PINSAPO.* 

There  are  few  more  handsome  Firs  than  this,  but 
though  it  has  been  in  the  country  since  183S  it  has  in 
our  experience  produced  its  cones  but  rarely.  The 
present  occasion,  when  we  are  mourning  the  death  of 
the  botanist  by  whom  it  was  introduced  to  this 
country,  seems  opportune  for  laying  before  our  readers 
an  illustration  of  the  cone  as  produced  in  the  grounds 
at  Penrhyn  Castle,  North  Wales  {fig.  99). 

The  tree  is  now  so  common  that  detailed  descrip- 
tion Is  not  necessary,  and  it  is  moreover  to  be  found 
in  all  the  books  treating  on  garden  Conifers.  The 
most  striking  peculiarity  consists  in  the  close  pyra- 
midal habit,  the  densely  set  short  bluntish  glaucous 
leaves  spreading  in  every  direction,  not  flattened  out 
in  two  ranks,  as  is  usual  in  Silver  Firs.  Both  in 
cone  and  in  foliage  it  resembles  A.  cephalonica, 
already  figured,  but  the  leaves  are  shorter,  blunter, 
and  much  more  glaucous.  The  Pinsapo,  moreover, 
has  the  great  merit  of  being  more  hardy  and  less 
subject  to  injury  from  spring  frost  than  A.  cephalonica. 
This  immunity  it  owes  to.  being  later  to  move  in 
spring.  It  is  one  of-  those  Firs  in  which  the  side- 
buds  at  the  ends  of  the  shoot  commence  to  grow 
before  the  central  or  terminal  bud.  As  this  occurs 
on  the  erect  leader- shoot  as  well  as  on  the  side-shoots 
it  is  not  easy  to  explain  the  peculiarity  from  more 
favourable  exposure  to  sun.  The  buds  are  of  a 
rounded  form,  and  the  scales  adhering  together  are 
pushed  off  in  the  form  of  a  little  cap.  The  shoots 
when  growing  curve  downwards,  from  superior  force 
of  growth  on  the  upper  as  compared  to  that  on  the 
lower  surface  (epinasty).  The  fragrant  resin  exuded 
by  this  tree  seems  to  be  specially  attractive  to  wasps. 


YELLOW    ROSES. 

The  following  are  a  few  notes  on  probably  all  the 
yellow-flowered  species  of  Roses  at  present  in  cultiva- 
tion in  this  country.  At  any  rate,  if  more  do  exist  in 
British  gardens  they  are  by  no  means  superior  to 
those  here  mentioned.  R.  xanthina,  of  Lindley, 
which  long  remained  a  puzzle,  and,  indeed,  was  only 
known  to  Lindley,  when  he  published  his  Rosarum 
Monographia,  by  a  Chinese  coloured  drawing  in  Lam- 
bert's library,  has  been  recently  collected  by  the  Abbe 
David,  in  Mongolia,  but,  so  far,  has  not  found  its  way 
into  cultivation. 

Rosa  lutea.  Miller,  Gardeners'  Dictionary  (1759). 

R.  Eglanteria,  Linnaeus,  Aimxn.  Acad.,  v.,  220 
(1760). 

R.  fcetida,  Allioni,  Fl.  fed.,  ii.,  138  (1785). 

R.  chlorophylla,  Ehrhart,  Beitr.  z.  Naltirl:., 
ii.,  I3S{I7SS). 
Rosa  lutea  is  a  very  dififerent  plant  from  R.  hemi- 
sphasrica,  with  which  it  has  been  at  various  times 
strangely  confounded  ;  the  last-named  belongs  to  the 
Pimpinellifolia  group,  whilst  the  subject  of  this  note 
is  one  of  the  Rubiginosas.  It  is  undoubtedly  the 
yellow  Rose  most  generally  cultivated  in  this  country, 
and  the  one  most  easily  grown.  Comparatively  few 
variations  occur,  Ilarrisonii  and  Persian  Yellow  being 
two  double- flowered  forms,  and  punicea  (R.  lutea 
bicolor,  Bot.  Ma:^.,  1077),  the  Austrian  Brier,  a 
single-flowered  one,  with  the  petals  red  on  the  upper 
surface  and  yellow  beneath.  This  species  is  a  native 
of  the  East,  but  in  various  parts  of  South  Europe  it 
occurs  in  a  semi-wild  condition. 

Rosa  hemisfhitrica,  Herrmann,  Dissertatio  Inaugu- 
ratis  Botanico- Medica  de  Rosa,  18  (1762). 
R.  glaucophylla,    Ehrhart,   Beit.    -..  Naturl;., 

ii.,  69  (1788). 
R.    sulphurea,    Aiton,  Hort.    Ke7t,.,    ii.,   201 

(1789). 
R.  Rapini,  Boissier,  Diagnoses  PI.  Nov.,  ser. 
ii..  No.  .6,  p.  172  ;  'Flora  Orientalis,  ii.,  p. 
672. 

For  a  very  long  time  this  beautiful  but  wayward 
Rose  was  only  known  in  a  double  state.  The  wild 
type  was  first  described  by  Boissier  and  Balansa 
under  the  name  quoted  amongst  the  synonyms.  The 
double  form,  handsome  as  it  is,  does  not  find  a  place 
in  many  gardens,  and  this  is  owing  to  the  fact  of  its 
being  so  hard  to  manage.  In  many  localities  it 
refuses  to  flower  at  all,  and  in  others  the  blossoms 
rarely  come  to  perfection.  Parkinson  wrote  of  it  :  — 
"  The  flower  is  so  thick  and  double  that  very  often 

Abies  P.nsapo,  Boi>bicr.  in  Bil^t.  i'ntv.  Gciu-ca,  1S38. 


it  breaketh  out  at  one  side  or  another,  but  few  of 
them  abiding  whole  and  fair  in  our  country.''  Where, 
however,  the  species  does  do  well  it  is  deservedly 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  handsome  of  garden 
plants.  The  specific  name,  glaucophylla,  was  given 
by  Ehrhart  on  account  of  the  whitish  under-surface 
of  the  leaflets.  It  is  a  native  of  Persia  and  Asia 
Minor,  and  is  largely  grown  in  the  East. 

Rosa  Ecic,  Aitchison  and  Hemsley,  "Notes  on  the 
Flora  of  the  Kurum  Valley,  &c.,  Afghanistan," 
'journal  of  the  Linuean  Society,  vol.  xviii., 
p.  54,  and  xix.,  p.  161,  plate  viii. 

This  pretty  species  was  introduced  to  Kew  a  few 
years  ago  by  Dr.  Aitchison.  It  is  a  distinct  plant, 
remarkable  for  the  small  size  of  its  yellow  flowers,  and 
for  the  very  broad  bases  of  its  homomorphous 
prickles,  resembling  closely  in  this  respect  the  Central 
Asian  R.  platyacantha,  Schrenk.  to  which  species 
indeed  M,  Crepin  refers  R.  Ecie  as  a  variety. 
M.  Crepin  writes  : — "  Specimens  of  a  yellow-flowered 


Rose  from  Mongolia,  which  I  have  referred  to  R. 
platyacantha  resemble  R.  Ecae  extremely,  only  the 
leaves  are  not  glandular.  The  existence  of  glands, 
however,  on  the  under-surface  of  the  leaflets  does  not 
to  my  mind  constitute  a  specific  character,  for  in  the 
majority  of  types  there  are  glandular  and  eglandular 
forms.  If  I  am  right  in  my  determination,  R.  Ecs 
bears  the  same  relation  to  R.  platyacantha  as  R.  my- 
riacantha  does  to  R.  pimpinellifolia.  Plants  raised 
from  seeds  sent  by  Dr.  Aitchison  have  grown  freely 
at  Kew,  but  so  far  have  not  produced  flowers  ;  there 
are  generally  seven  small  leaflets,  and  the  bark  of  the 
young  shoots  is  a  deep  red,  the  spines  being  lighter  in 
colour.     A  native  of  Afghanistan. 

Rosa  simplicifolia,  Salisbury,  P?'odroii:us  stirpium  in 
Iwrto  Chapel  AUerton  (1796). 
R.  berberifolia,  Pallas ,  /Voz'.  Act.  Acad.  Petrop., 

X.,  379,  t.  10  (1797)- 
Hultheimia    berberifolia,  Dumortier,    Dissert. 

Tournay  (1S24). 
Lowea   berberifolia,   Lindley  in  Bot.  Rei^.,  t. 
1261  (1829). 
This  species  is  doubtless  one  oi  the  most  interesting 


of  all  the  Roses.  It  forms  a  section  by  itself,  being  the 
onlyspecieswithsimpieexstipulateleaves,  Bunge  main- 
tained that  the  plant  was  aphyllous,  and  that  the  foli- 
aceous  organs  were  simply  confluent  modified  stipules. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  so  interesting  and  beautiful  a 
species  is  so  difficult  to  cultivate.  The  following  ex- 
tract is  taken  from  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Smith, 
Curator,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  by  Herr  Max  Leicht- 
lin  ; — "  I  had  it  eight  years  ago  in  full  flower  and  it 
was  greatly  admired  by  Boissier  who  bad  also  seen  it 
in  its  native  haunts.  It  grows  best  in  fissures  of  rocks 
exposed  to  all  weathers  but  I  think  in  your  moist 
climate  you  will  find  it  difficult  to  do  well."  The 
general  aspect  of  the  plant  in  a  state  of  Nature  may 
be  imagined  from  the  description,  &c.,  extracted  from 
a  letter  written  from  Camp  Tir-Phul,  Northern 
Aflghanistan,  by  Surgeon-Major  Aitchison  to  Sir  J. 
D.  Hooker,  first  published  in  Nature,  July  9,  18S5  ; 
—  It  covers  the  whole  country  in  localised  patches,  and 
being  very  dwarf  in  habit,  not  above  2  feet,  the  flowers 
are  seen  to  perfection  ;  they  open  out  expanding  almost 
flat,  when  the  brilliant  eye,  formed  by  the  claret  colour 
of  the  bases  of  the  petals,  gives  it  quite  a  character. 
Amongst  my  Rose  hips  sent  to  you  last  year  this  was 
one  of  the  species.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  supply  you 
with  a  lot  more,  it  would  make  a  lovely  flower 
border."  In  the  letterpress  accompanying  the  beau- 
tiful coloured  figure  in  Redoulti's  Les  Roses,  Thory 
says  that  it  thrives  best  when  side  grafted  on  Rosa 
spinosissima.  II  the  plant  is  protected  overhead  by 
some  means  against  the  superabundant  moisture  o 
our  British  climate  and  placed  in  an  open  well  drained 
sunny  spot  it  might  succeed  ;  where  it  does  thrive  it 
sends  up  numerous  suckers  from  its  creeping  under- 
ground stems. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  loo)  was  made 
from  a  plant  now  growing  at  Kew.  A  native  of 
.\tt'ghanistan,  Persia,  and  Siberia. 

Rosa  Hardii,  Cels  fieres,  in  Annates  de  Flore  el  de 
Pomone  pour  les   annces   1835  6  ;    Paxton, 
Magazine  of  Botany,   vol.  x.,    195    (1843). 
R.  Hardyana,  Bon  jtardinier  {1S42). 

Rosa  Hardii. — This  beautiful  Rose  is  supposed  to 
be  a  hybrid  between  R.  berberifolia  and  R.  involu- 
crata,  Roxburgh  {R.  clinophylla,  Thory).  In  the 
Kew  herbarium  there  is  a  specimen  gathered  in  the 
Luxembourg  garden  on  June  20,  1836,  with  the  infor- 
mation in  Gay's  handwriting  that  the  plant  had 
originated  from  the  seed  of  R.  clinophylla  planted 
near  a  bush  of  R.  berberifolia.  That  the  cross  was 
not  artificially  made  is  proved  by  the  followiiig  note 
from  the  Bon  Jardinier  for  1S42,  also  in  Gay's  hand- 
writing : —  "Mons.  Hardy  obtained  in  1836  from  a 
sowing  of  R.  clinophylla,  the  seeds  of  which  are  pre- 
sumed to  have  been  fertilised  by  R.  berberifolia,  a 
new  Rose  which  bears  his  name."  .  .  .  Accord- 
ing to  Mr.  W.  Paul  (the  Rose  Garden,  1S4S),  "The 
most  splendid  collection  in  France  is  that  in  the  Jardin 
du  Luxembourg,  in  Paris,  which  is  under  the  super- 
intendence of  M.  Hardy.  Most  of  the  plants  there 
are  of  some  age,  and  flower  most  profusely  in  the 
season.  It  is  true  they  look  rather  drawn,  but  when 
we  consider  their  proximity  to  the  heart  of  the  city, 
it  is  surprising  that  they  flourish  so  well.  M.  Hardy 
is  no  stranger  in  the  Rose  world  :  one  of  his  varieties 
alone  would  have  sufficed  to  render  his  name  popular, 
but  he  has  been  fortunate  enough  to  rai^e  many  others 
of  first-rate  properties,  some  bearing  the  afier-appella- 
tion  of  '  Du  Luxembourg.'  And  how  could  it  be 
otherwise,  when  he  has  devoted  so  many  years  to  the 
cultivation  of  this  flower,  and  raised  so  many  thou- 
sands of  seedlings  ? "  R.  Hardii  is  a  much  freer 
grower  and  flowerer  than  R.  berberifolia  ;  it  has  from 
five  to  seven  leaflets  and  handsome  flowers,  the  petals 
being  sulphur-yellow,  with  a  crimson  blotch  at  the 
base  of  each  petal.  The  accompanying  illustration 
(fig.  101)  was  made  from  a  specimen  which  flowered 
in  a  pot  under  glass  in  April  in  the  garden  of  Mr. 
Herbst,  at  Richmond.  Geo.  Nicholson,  Royal  Gar- 
dens, Kc-c. 


Gentiana  pneumonanthe.— In  gardening,  espe- 
cially in  experimental  gardening,  there  must  be,  of 
course,  many  disappointing  failures,  there  are,  how- 
ever, happily  as  many  unexpected  successes.  I  have 
lately  had  one.  A  plant  of  Gentiana  pneumonanthe, 
our  lovely  native  Gentian,  planted  near  our  pond, 
has  sown  its  seed  all  about,  and  a  number  of  young 
plants  have  come  ;  some  now  in  bloom.  George  F. 
Wilson,   Heatherbank,    Weyhridge   Heath, 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


469 


_j40MJE     f^ORREpPONDENCE. 


Vanda  ccerulea. — I  read  at  p.  431  that  "the 
difficulty  attached  to  the  growing  of  this  species  is 
doubtless  the  greatest  obstacle  that  prevents  its 
becoming  comninn. "  At  one  lime  V.  co^rulea  was 
considered  a  difficult  species  to  cultivate,  but  the 
right  system  of  culture  has  been  found  out,  and 
frequently  described  in  the  Gardeners^  ChrouicU,  It 
is  as  easily  grown  as  any  other  Vanda  if  its  require- 
ments are  attended  to.  A  few  years  ago  large 
quantities  of  it  were  introduced  and  sold  at  a  cheap 
rate ;  it  is  not  expensive  now,  so  that  neither 
expense  nor  difticulty  of  culture  need  deter  any 
one  from  growing  this  distinct  and  beautiful 
species.  In  its  native  habitat,  Silhet,  Northern 
India — from  whence  it  was  first  introduced  in 
1849— it  grows  on  the  tops  of  isolated  trees,  where 


ten  years  since.  I  sowed  these  on  February  14  with 
others,  and  gave  them  up  for  dead,  as  they  were  a 
week  or  ten  days  behind  the  others  in  coming  up. 
Nothing  kills  seeds  sooner  than  washing  them  ;  of 
course,  I  am  speaking  of  fleshy  seeds.  My  own  prac- 
tice in  saving  Melon,  Cucumber,  or  Tomato  seeds  is 
to  spread  the  seed  on  a  damp  flannel,  and  gently  rub 
the  flesh  off.  All  old  seeds  of  the  above  are  better 
for  fruiting  than  new  seeds.  Stephen  Castle,  West 
Lynn,  Odobcr  i. 

"  Hortus  Floridus." — I  am  indeed  very  glad 
that  Mr.  Cecil  C.  Wood  has  declared  himself  the 
fortunate  owner  of  this  rare  old  book.  I  never  by 
any  possible  means  claimed  it,  and  it  was  most  kind 
of  Mr.  Woods  to  have  lent  it  to  me.  When  I  took 
the  booklo  Dublin  last  April,  just  to  show  it  to  my 
friend  Mr.  Burbidge,  I  told  him  I  was  not  its  for- 
tunate owner,  but  merely  brought  it.  as  a  curiosity  ; 
Mr.  Burbidge  made  notes,   the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 


^\-  .a 


lowing  are  in  flower :— C.  zonatus,  from  Cilicia,  has 
bright  lavender  coloured  flowers  with  a  yellow  centre. 
C.  iridtflorus,  from  Transylvania,  has  rich  purple 
flowers,  very  distinct  and  beautiful.  C.  uniflorus, 
bluish-purple,  a  well  known  species.  C.  etruscus, 
purple,  from  Tuscany.  C.  banaticus,  a  pale  blue 
species  from  Transylvania.  C.  Tommasinianus, 
Dalmatia  and  Servia,  very  pretty  pale  mauve, 
C.  hyemalis,  a  purple  species  from  Palestine  ;  C. 
aerius,  one  of  the  most  distinct  and  pretty,  the  colour 
bright  lavender,  yellow  centre  (Asia  Minor).  C.  spe- 
ciosus,  a  well-known  handsome  species,  bluish-purple  ; 
it  is  found  wild  from  Transylvania  to  Persia  ;  there 
is  also  a  distinct  form  of  it  with  larger  flowers.  C. 
cincellatus  var.  cilicicus,  found  in  Syria  and  Asia 
Minor  ;  this  is  also  distinct,  pale  bhie,  marked  with 
purple  lines.  J.  Douglas,  Ilford,  A. 

Reversion  in  Dahlias. — I  set  this  year  one  of 
last  year's  Dahlias  (double)  which  I  saved  during  the 
winter.  I  have  only  a  small  garden,  but  it  has  grown 
very  fine  with  small  bloom  in  great  quantity,  I  find 
there  are  several  blooms  coming  from  the  one  stem. 
Will  you  tell  me  if  this  is  a  usual  thing,  as  I  have 
grown  many  before,  and  the  same  thing  has  not 
come  across  my  notice.  F.  Feistel.  [A  "double" 
Dahlia,  so  called,  is  an  abnormity,  which  Nature, 
if  left  alone,  often  strives  to  correct.   Ed.1 


Fig.  ioi.— ROSA  hardii  y  ■  flowers  yellow  with  a  deep  orange  "eve."    (see  p.  468.) 


it  is  well  exposed  to  the  sun  and  the  free  air  all 
round  it.  An  Indian  gentleman  told  me  that  he  had 
seen  this  Vanda  in  its  native  habitat  with  frost  on  the 
leaves  in  the  early  morning.  The  natural  conditions 
under  which  the  plant  grows  and  flowers  freely  can 
easily  be  imitated,  although  no  one  would  allow  them 
to  be  frozen  as  a  necessary  part  of  their  culture.  It 
grows  and  flowers  with  great  vigour  at  Great  Gearies 
in  the  Cattleya-house.  The  plants  are  growing  in 
upright  Teak  cylinders  full  of  broken  potsherds,  with 
just  a  liitle  live  sphagnum  at  the  top.  They  are 
placed  close  to  the  glass  at  the  sunniest  end  of  the 
house,  and  freely  supplied  with  water  during  summer 
and  autumn.  We  are  careful  not  to  shade  more  than 
is  absolutely  necessary.  The  specimens  at  Kew  are 
not  io  a  very  vigorous  healthy  state,  consequently  the 
spikes  and  flowers  are  not  so  large  and  well  coloured 
as  they  ought  to  be.  What  does  "F."  consider  a 
handsome  flowering  specimens?  y.  D. 

Vitality  of  Seeds.— Let  me  add  (hat  some  of  my 
best  Tomatos  now  growing  are  from  seed  that  I  saved 


got  them,  and  the  horticultural  world  are  the  wiser.  I 
fancy  Mr.  Woods  is  angry   with  me,   or  would  not 
trouble  you.     I  even  told  Mr.  Woods  of  the  notice  in 
your  paper,  gave  him  your  address,  and  got  him  to 
write   you   for   copies.     Indeed,    when   he   says    the 
volume  has  been  in  his  family  for  generations  he  is 
perfectly  right.     The   proprietor  of   Chiplee    (Chip- 
Lee)  being  the  possessor  of  a  very  rare  old  place,  full 
of  all  sorts  of  antiquated  relics  of  a  bygone  age,  you 
may  well   call   him   a    "chip  from  the   old  block," 
indeed  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  city  "  on  the 
Lee,"  Who  has  not  heard  of  Father  Prout's 
"  Bells  of  Shandon, 
That  sound  so  grand  on 
The  pleasant  waters  of  the  river  Lee." 
IVm.  Baylor  Hartlana,  Temple  Bill,  Cork. 

Early  Autumn  Crocuses  at  Kew. — These  form 
at  present  a  very  interesting  study,  a  considerable 
number  of  distinct  species  being  in  flower.  C.  Clusii 
displays  its  pretty  pale  lilacy-purple  flowers  in  the 
rock  garden,  and  in  a  long  narrow  border  the  fol- 


Rainfall  at  Gordon  Castle.— I  herewith  enclose 
an  abstract  of  depth  of  rain  registered  here  for  the 
past  nine  months,  and  the  amount  for  the  same  period 
of  1SS4,  the  difference  on  the  aggregate  for  the 
first  seven  months  in  each  year  bemg  little  over  half 
an  inch  in  depth.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
monthly  fall  in  1S84  differed  widely,  varying  from 
0.6i  to  3.33  inches  ;  while  in  the  present  year,  with 
the  exception  of  May,  2.22  inches,  also  under  average, 
variation  was  only  about  half  an  inch  for  each  of  the 
six  months.  These  observations  having  been  taken 
through  a  dry  period,  I  have  thought  may  interest 
some  of  your  readers  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  to 
compare  with  their  own.  And  it  may  perhaps  induce 
others  to  do  so  likewise  : — 


To  Septeiid'e, 


•July     .. 
August 


For  sail, 

January 
Februarj' 
Marcfi. , 
April    . . 

tjuFy  :: 

August 
Septemhei 


1.46 


yohn  IVchter,  Gordon  Castle  Gardens,  Oct.  5. 

Primula  farinosa.— In  last  week's  issue  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  (p.  436)  Primula  farinosa  is  said 
to  occur  "  on  our  Scottish  mountains,  as  well  as  in 
Switzerland."  So  far  as  the  Scottish  habitat  is  con- 
cerned this  statement  is  not  strictly  correct,  for  our 
British  Floras  concur  in  the  statement  that  in  Scot- 
land it  is  only  known  to  grow  in  one  locality,  namely, 
at  Bridgehouse,  near  West  Linton,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Pentland  Hills,  about  18  miles  from  Edin- 
burgh. In  England  it  occurs  in  North  Yorkshire, 
Lancashire,  Westmoreland,  Cumberland,  Durham, 
and  Northumberland,  being  generally  local  or  rare, 
though,  common  in  a  few  localities.  Outside  Britain 
its  range  is  rather  extensive,  as  it  is  widely  spread  in 
Europe,  and  occurs  also  in  Northern  Asia,  Tibet, 
Greenland,  and  the  North  United  States,  the  stations, 
however,  being  generally  northern  or  alpine,  as  the 
plant  belongs  to  what  is  known  as  the  "arctic- 
alpine  "  type.  The  closely  allied  P.  scotica  has  a 
much  more  limited  distribution.  In  Scotland  it 
occurs  in  the  counties  of  Caithness  and  Sutherland, 
and  in  the  Orkney  Islands  ;  and  on  the  Continent  of 
Europe,  in  Lapland,  Norway,  and  the  mountains  of 
Sweden.   R.  A.  Rolfe,  Herbariutn,  Keu<. 

Liliura  auratum. — Year  by  year  we  receive  fresh 

convincing  proofs  of  the  variability  and  capriciousness 
of  this  handsome  Japan  Lily.  Some  bulbs  will  pro- 
duce one  or  two  enormous  flowers  on  a  stem,  and  the 
number  will  range  from  that  to  twenty  on  separate 
individuals.  The  stems  will  also  vary  from  i  or  2  to 
7  feet  in  height,  or  perhaps  more  in  rich  soil  in  a 
sheltered  situation,  especially  where  the  soil  has 
recently  been  well  dug  or  otherwise  ameliorated.     In 

*  Total  for  seven  months,  11.62  inches. 


470 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCIOUER    IC,    IS85. 


one  of  ihe  Rhododendton  beds  at  Kew,  alongside  Ihe 
broad  walk  leading  to  the  Palm-house,  is  a  plant 
beating  the  enoimous  number  of  132  flowers.  All 
these  are  the  produce  of  one  stem,  which  is  about 
34  feel  high,  and  faicialed.  The  fljwers  are  of 
medium  sizs  and  perfectly  formed,  all,  or  nearly  all, 
fully  expanded.  Towards  the  top  the  stem  divides 
into  four  strong  branches,  and  these  again  subdivide 
more  or  less,  and  bear  the  flowers  in  a  dense  hori- 
zontal lidgp,  forcibly  reminding  one  of  the  Cocks- 
comb, Ctlosia  crislala,  or,  on  a  smaller  scale,  the 
fascialed  stems  of  Sedum  teflexum  monslrosum.  The 
final  subdivisions  of  the  stem,  moreover,  are  racemose, 
as  in  the  normal  form  or  habit  of  the  plant,  but  they 
are  so  shortened  as  to  bring  the  flowers  on  a  com- 
paratively uniform  level.  Many  varieties  of  this  Lily 
are  cultivated,  and  the  type  is  figured  in  several 
botanical  works,  such  as  the  Botanical  Ma^^azine, 
t.  533S  ;  flore  Jis  Series,  1528-31  ;  and  the  Rroue 
Horlicoh,  1S67,  371.   7.  F, 

Begonias, — We  send  you  a  small  bit,  cut  from  a 
Begonia  growth  made  this 'year,  as  we  thought  you 
might  like  to  see  it.  The  variety  is  an  old  but  very 
good  one,  called  Vesuvius,  and  the  plant  was  grown 
ia  a  lo-inch  pot  and  measured  7  feet  high  and  6  feet 
through,  and  it  was  the  admiration  of  all  who  saw  i  t, 
being  covered  with  bloom  all  summer.  The  plant 
was  grown  in  very  ordinary  soil,  and  a  liberal  dose  of 
our  Vine  ar.d  plant  manure.  We  sent  a  thicker  bit 
than  what  we  send  you  to  Mr.  Laing,  of  Forest  Ilill, 
knowing  he  is  great  in  Begonias.  \V.  T/winson  i:^ 
Sons,  Ciovenford.  [The  portion  of  stem  sent  measured 
I  inch  in  diameter.   Ed.] 

Seed-pods  on  Imported  Orchids. — In  refer- 
ence to  the  remarks  at  p.  430,  it  is  perfectly  well 
known  that  imported  Orchids  come  over  with  seed- 
pods  on  them,  ripe  or  otherwise  ;  hundreds  of  seed- 
pods  may  be  found  clustering  on  the  plants  in  the 
sale-rooms— scores  of  them  on  one  plant.  There  is 
no  process  in  Orchid  culture  at  home  more  easy  than 
furnishing  the  plants  under  one's  care  with  seed-pods, 
A  plant  of  OJontoglossum  vexillarium  in  our  collec- 
tion had  a  pod  on  it  a  day  or  two  ago,  self-ferlilised. 
The  difliculty  consists  first  in  getting  the  seeds  to 
vegetate,  and  in  the  next  place  to  rear  the  plants  up 
to  the  flowering  stage.  It  is  no  use  sowing  seeds 
from  pods  of  which  the  pollen  parent  is  unknown  ;  we 
are  frequently  cutting  off  such  pods,  and  di-posiog  of 
them  in  the  rubbish  heap.  J.  D, 

Disa  macrantha.^Mr.  N.  E.  Brown  is  not  quite 
correct  in  his  assumption  that  I  inquired  of  Disa 
crassicornis  at  p.  374.  What  I  wanted  to  hear  of 
was  the  true  D.  macrantha,  of  which  I  believe  there 
is  a  specimen  in  the  British  Museum,  found  by 
Cooper  in  KalTratia.  As  Mr.  Brown  did  not  see 
— so  far  as  I  am  aware  — Mr.  Sanderson's  original 
sketch,  from  which  I  made  the  copy  now  in  the  Kew 
herbarium,  it  would  have  been  more  generous,  had 
he  not  gone  out  of  his  way  to  criticise  that  which 
he  has  not  seen,  especially  as  the  *' imagination  " 
of  a  would-be  critic  is  quite  as  powerful  for  evil 
as  is  that  of  an  artist.  I  know  Disa  crassicornis 
(  =  D.  megaceras)  well  as  a  cultivated  species,  and 
made  the  original  sketch,  from  which  the  Garden 
plate  was  prepared,  at  Glasnevin,  some  five  or  six 
years  ago.  It  first  bloomed  with  Mr.  Elwes,  whose 
specimen  was  that  ligureJ  in  the  Botanical  A^ai^azine, 
If  Mr.  Brown  will  now  tell  us  somewhat  of  the  true 
D.  macrantha  of  Thunberg  I  shall  be  much  obliged. 
F.  IV.  B. 

Salyrium  carneum. — Would  Mr.  J.  Smith,  of 
Newry  (p.  432),  kindly  inform  me  what  soil  is  best 
suited  for  the  cultivation  ot  this  interesting  Orchid  ? 
Time  after  time  have  I  procured  tubers  of  the  plant, 
but  although  I  did  my  best  have  never  been  rewarded 
with  a  flower.  Cultivation  cannot,  however,  I  fear, 
be  the  sole  cause  of  failure,  but  the  injured  state  in 
which  the  tubers  are  usually  received.  A.  D. 
Webster. 

Outdoor  Tomatos— Through  the  large  and 
admirably  conducted  trial  o(  Tomatos  which  has  been 
conducted  in  the  London  Road  nursery  of  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  S^ns,  at  I\eading,  that  firm  has  rendered 
considerable  service  to  all  who  may  wish  to  cultivate 
these  fruits  in  the  open  for  market  or  other  purposes. 
The  trial  included  some  forty  of  well  known  kinds, 
and  was  throughout  conducted  most  impartially.     It 


comprised  eleven  beds,  each  containing  some  150 
plants  in  pairs,  three  abreast,  each  plant  being  lied  to 
a  single  stake,  as  throughout  the  simple  plan  of 
keeping  every  plant  to  a  main  stem  alone  was  adopted. 
That  style  of  training  is  easily  insured  by  simply  cut- 
ting away  all  side  shoots.  Generally,  where  the 
growth  was  good  the  resulting  crop  of  fruit  was 
remarkable.  One  entire  bed  was  devoted  to  Chis- 
wick  Red,  which  seems  to  do  marvellously  well  out 
in  the  open  ;  the  plants  carried  each  from  i\'4^  to  six 
clusters  of  fruits,  large  and  very  heavy,  all  the  earlier 
fruits  being  quite  ripe.  Perhaps  the  most  noticeable 
as  a  promising  market  kind  is  Earliest  of  All,  because 
under  this  form  of  culture  it  showed  without  excep- 
tion precocity  in  ripening  fruit  in  advance  of  all  other 
sorts.  The  crop,  too,  was  a  heavy  one,  and  to  secure 
fine  samples  in  the  open  would  be  all  the  better  for 
thinning.  The  fruits  are  of  a  rich  colour,  and  some- 
what punctured,  though  improving  as  the  season 
advances.  Powell's  Early  comes  near  to  this  in 
appearance,  but  is  later,  whilst  a  very  fine  and  free 
cropping  kind  is  Sutton's  Main  Crop,  apparently  here 
one  of  the  very  best  for  outdoor  culture,  rich  in 
colour  and  fine  in  fruit.  Several  American  kinds 
were  tested,  but  seemed  generally  to  lack  robustness, 
Williams'  Red  King,  Hackwood  Park,  Trophy, 
Ilathaway's  Excelsior,  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  and  various 
other  good  red  kinds  under  glass  cropped  moderately. 
Yellow  kinds,  of  which  there  were  several  representa- 
tives, seemed  to  lack  the  needful  robustness  for  this 
(ully  exposed  form  of  cultivation,  which  naturally 
differs  maleri.lly  from  wall  training.  The  plants 
were  all  raised  in  heat,  potted  up  singly,  then  turned 
out  early  under  a  fence  in  manure  to  make  root,  and 
from  thence,  later  in  the  season,  planted  out  into  the 
open  ground.  Happily  the  sharp  frosts  of  a  fortnight 
since  did  the  plants  no  harm,  neither  has  disease, 
A.  Dean. 

Tropaeolum  canariense  and  Clematis  Jack- 
manni.  —  Tropxolum  canariense  intertwined  with 
Clematis  Jackmanni  and  trained  up  to  a  wall  has  a 
very  striking  and  pleasing  effact.  A  few  days  since, 
in  walking  through  a  village  in  this  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood, my  attention  was  attracted  by  some 
creepers  growing  up  a  wall.  On  getting  nearer  to 
them  I  found  them  to  be  Tropxolum  canariense  ard 
Clematis  Jackmanni.  The  deep,  intense  violet- 
purple  of  Jackmanni  seemed  to  bring  out  the  beauty 
of  the  TropKolum.  They  are  of  the  simplest  culture. 
Clematis  Jackmanni,  being  hardy,  will  last  for  a 
number  of  years.  The  Tropxoluras  are  readily  in- 
creased by  seed,  which  should  be  sown  early  in  order 
to  get  strong  plants.  M.  Sanl. 

Abundance  of  Grapes  and  Strawberries  for 
Every  One. — I  have  ventured  to  beg  your  insertion 
of  the  following  suggestion,  which  I  believe  will  be 
of  interest  to  your  numerous  readers,  endeavouring  to 
show  the  possibility  and  practicability  of  every 
householder  being  the  possessor  of  a  hothouse, 
enabling  him  to  grow  Grapes,  Strawberries,  &c.,  and 
to  compete  favourably  with  his  more  wealthy  neigh- 
bours. The  plan  by  which  this  boon  could  be 
secured  is  to  utilise  the  roof  of  the  house,  which  is 
not  required  for  any  particular  purpose,  by  covering 
with  glass  instead  ol  slate,  &c.,  the  hothouse  is  formed 
at  once.  The  room  would  require  an  ordinary  floor, 
and  could  be  reached  by  the  ordinary  staircase.  The 
Vine  might  be  trained  up  the  outside  wall  until  it 
reached  the  hothouse,  whilst  Strawberries  should 
stand  on  shelves,  or  hang  from  the  roof.  It  would  be 
necessary  to  have  a  stove  in  winter,  the  pipe  of  which 
could  turned  in  the  chimney  which  passed  through 
the  room,  'n  districts  where  water  is  laid  on  a  pipe 
might  be  carried  up  for  watering  Strawberries, 
flowers,  &c.  The  Vines  would  not  require  any 
water.  Amateur,  [Experience  has  not  justified  the 
adoption  of  this  plan  except  under  special  circum- 
stances.    Ed.  ] 

Veitch's  Sturdy  Pea.— This  excellent  late  Pea 
is  the  result  of  a  cross  between  those  two  well  known 
late  varieties— Veitch's  Perfection  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra. 
A  few  weeks  since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
several  rows  of  it  growing  side  by  side  with  one  of 
its  parents— Ne  Plus  Ultra— in  Tyninghame  Gardens, 
near  Prestonkirk.  In  the  rich  East  Lothian  soil  the 
haulms,  which  are  of  a  branching  habit,  robust  in 
growth,  perfectly  free  from  mildew,  and  heavily 
cropped  with  long  handsome  pods  containing  from 
eight  to  ten  large  Peas,  attain  to  a  height  of  4  or 


5  feet.  Sturdy  is  said  to  be  the  latest  Pea  in  cultiva- 
tion, but  whether  this  is  correct  or  not  I  am  unable 
to  say,  though,  judging  by  the  examples  seen  at 
Tyninghame,  it  will  continue  to  jield  good  gather- 
ings until  the  haulms  are  cut  down  by  frost.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  several  fine  ranks  ol  Ne  Plus 
Ultra,  which  is  in  every  soil  and  climate  a  grand  late 
bearing  Pea.  Mr.  Brotherton,  the  head  gardener  at 
Tyninghame,  speaks  very  highly,  as  well  he  may,  of 
Veitch's  Sturdy  as  a  late  Pea.  In  conclusion,  I  may 
remark  that  I  had  never  before  seen  such  a  fine 
healthy  and  heavily  cropped  lot  of  Peas- Peas  as 
tender  and  sweet  as  could  be  desiieJ  in  September, 
as  those  of  which  I  write.  The  kitchen  garden 
produce  has  not  suffered  so  much  from  drought  in 
Scotland — in  the  Lolhians,  at  any  rate — during  the 
past  intensely  hot  summer  as  in  England.  H,  \V, 
irarj. 


liolitcs  of  JioofiS. 

Greenhouse  and  Stove  Plants.     By  Thomas 
Baines.     (John  Murray.) 

This  is  a  valuable  book,  on  account  of  its  clear  and 
extensive  cultural  information.  The  methods  which 
have  led  to  the  author's  well-known  success  are  com- 
municated by  him  to  the  fullest  extent  that  is  possible 
by  means  of  pen  and  paper.  The  cultural  details 
(herein  revised,  the  author  says,  so  far  as  necessary) 
have,  for  some  of  the  plan's,  appeared  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chionide  and  the  Garden,  and  it  is  now  a 
matter  of  great  convenience  to  have  these  scattered 
communications  brought  together.  The  book  opens 
with  separate  chapters  upon  the  general  management 
of  greenhouse  plants,  stove  plants.  Ferns,  and  Palms  ; 
then  follows,  in  one  alphabetical  arrangement,  an 
enumeration  of  the  plants  of  these  classes,  with  details 
of  special  culture  for  genera  and  species.  Short 
descriptions  of  the  plants  ate  given  in  popular  lan- 
guage. The  two  first  chapters  are  treated  in  sections, 
and  bring  readily  to  view  the  important  heads  of  the  sub- 
ject, such  as  the  position,  form,  and  construction  of 
the  houses,  light,  air,  shade,  water,  soil,  potting,  and 
propagating.  In  these  chapters  the  principles  of 
indoor  gardening  are  clearly  and  concisely  stated,  and 
the  information  is  well  selected,  touching  upon  all 
that  is  most  important. 

Under  "Greenhouse  Plants"  the  author  justly 
remarks  that  "  amongst  the  hard-wooded  occupants 
of  the  greenhouse  are  many  of  the  most  beautifu', 
distinct,  and  profuse  flowering  plants  in  existence," 
and  it  is  a  good  feature  of  the  work  that  he  has 
included  a  majority  of  the  best.  The  description  of 
a  suitable  house  is  not  unnecessary,  and  the  author 
rightly  condemns  the  old  system  of  sliding  lights. 
He  is  well  acquainted  with  the  reasons  of  failure 
in  plant  cultivation,  and  he  is  emphatic  upon 
several  important  points  which  are  often  little 
regarded.  Some  excellent  remarks  are  given  upon 
the  necessity  of  full  and  abundant  light,  which 
is  often  better  understood  by  market  growers  than  it 
is  by  gardeners  ;  and  on  the  subject  ol  ventilation  it 
is  usefully  taught  that  plants  will  not  suffer  draught 
with  impunity.  The  instructions  for  watering  are 
given  in  general  terms,  for,  as  the  author  says,  it  is 
difficult  to  treat  of  the  subject  in  any  other  way.  It 
is  only  to  be  learnt  by  practice  and  close  observaiion, 
supported,  of  course,  by  the  proper  considerations 
here  given  in  detail.  The  weak  part  of  this  chapter 
is  that  which  treats  of  propagation,  to  which  only  a 
few  lines  are  devoted.  The  next,  on  stove  plants,  is 
treated  in  a  similar  way  to  the  last,  but  with  better 
instructions  for  propagating,  and  with  equal  success 
in  aftording  the  most  essential  information.  The 
system  of  planting  out  is  condemned  with  very  slight 
reservation,  and  a  number  of  objections  are  stated. 
It, -however,  has  advantages,  and  is  often  the  best 
S)S'em  that  can  be  adopted  for  climbers,  and  certain 
plants  like  Musa  coccinea  and  M.  rosacea  are  never 
so  fine  as  when  planted  out  ;  indeed,  few  would  fail 
to  admit  the  great  advantage  it  has  for  the  proper 
subjects.  We  have  to  express  approval  of  what  is 
said  with  regard  to  excessively  lo»  night  temperatures 
and  exhauting  periods  of  so-called,  rest  for  tropical 
plants  in  winter.  Low  night  temperatures  are  some- 
times adopted,  peihaps  on  the  score  of  economy,  but 
whether  this  is  so  or  not  we  often  find  in  that  mistake 
an  explanation  of  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of 
certain  tropic.tl  plants.  On  ventilation  the  author 
wisely  remarks  that   "  Ihe  closest,   glazed,   and    in 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


471 


ether  ways  Ihe  best  constructed  house  we  ever  saw 
will  admit  sufficient  air  for  the  requirements  of  plants 
in  the  stove  during  the  winter  months  without  open- 
ing either  the  roof  lights  or  side  shulleri."  Air  is 
sometimes  given  as  if  horticultural  slructnres  were 
air-light.  One  mistake  often  leads  to  another,  and 
air  is  sometimes  given  to  clear  o(T  excessive  moisture, 
the  existence  of  which  should  be  avoided.  Ventila- 
ti  m  is  thought  sometimes  to  be  insufficient  when  the 
plants  are  really  sufiering  from  insufficiency  of  light. 
In  relation  to  other  matters  ventilation  is  often  but 
little  unJeislood,  and  we  are  glad  to  recommend 
a'.lention  to  what  our  author  says.  The  chapter  on 
Ferns  gives  a  general  account  of  their  cultivation, 
though  but  little  is  said  in  the  body  of  the  book  of 
special  culture,  as  needed  by  certain  kinds.  Had  it 
been  given  we  should  have  read  with  interest  the 
author's  treatment  of  Cheilanthes,  which  are  often 
badly  grown,  though  perfectly  amenable  to  proper 
management.  Ferns  are  not  extensively  dealt  with, 
and  it  would  be  more  satisfactory,  perhaps,  to  have 
given  them  greater  attention,  or  to  have  omitted 
them,  as  forming  a  sufficient  subject  lor  a  separate 
treatise.  The  chapter  on  Palms  is  quite  in  accord- 
ance wiih  our  own  experience,  though  more  might  be 
said.  We  have  long  observed  that  gardeners  unac- 
customed to  Palms  are  apt  to  injure  and  even  kill 
them  by  tearing  out  the  brittle  roots  which  coil  near 
the  bottom  of  the  pot,  and  are  the  chief  feeders  of  the 
plant.  The  broken  roots  are  sure  to  perish,  and  it  is 
unnecessary  to  disturb  them  much,  because  the  older 
roots— especially  in  the  case  of  young  growing  plants 
— are  continually  being  superseded  by  new  and 
stronger  ones  from  the  stem  itself. 

We  now  come  to  the  body  of  the  woik,  arranged 
in  alphabetical  order,  according  to  the  particu- 
lar plant.  Cultural  instructions  are  (reely  given, 
even  to  the  extent  sometimes  of  trenching  upon 
matters  of  general  application.  Seeds  so  easily  raised 
as  those  of  Francoa  are  the  subject  of  minute  detail  ; 
but  the  instructions  that  are  given  will  generally  be 
found  reliable,  and  will  prove  of  value  to  the  skilled 
gardener  as  well  as  to  the  learner.  In  all  that  comes 
from  the  author's  experience  no  better  guide  can  be 
found  ;  it  is  only  sometimes  that  we  must  diff;r 
from  him,  as  when  he  says  that  Leucadendron  argen- 
teum  will  thrive  under  treatment  as  advised  for  Uho- 
palas.  In  our  experience  such  treatment  would  soon 
be  fatal  to  it,  and  we  find  that  it  must  have  less 
moisture.  Sirmienta  rcpens  is  said  to  require  the 
same  treatment  as  Columncas.  Now  this  plant, 
as  the  author  says,  belongs  to  the  stove,  while 
Sarmienta  belongs  to  the  greenhouse,  and  requires 
a  very  different  and  paiticular  management.  For 
Ihe  sake  of  so  pretty  a  plant  we  wish  the  author 
had  given  details  as  to  this.  At  Kew  this  diflicult 
plant  has  lately  been  very  successfully  grown  on 
pieces  of  Tree  Fern  stem.  Desmodium  gyrans  is 
recommended  to  be  grown  from  cuttings,  but  in  our 
experience  it  can  only  be  satisfactorily  gro«n  from 
seed— a  method  that  is  not  mentioned  by  the  author. 
Nelumbium,  in  comparison  with  Nymphxas,  is  said 
to  require  a  good  depth  of  water,  but,  on  the  contrary, 
from  the  habit  of  the  [lant,  even  less  is  necessary. 

A  short  selection  of  herbaceous  plants  lor  the  green- 
house at  p.  200  touches  a  sphere  of  great  useful- 
ness for  many  kinds,  for  which  they  are  both 
legitimate  and  valuable,  so  that  the  list  might 
well  have  been  longer.  Annuals  should  also 
have  received  attention. 

Thesubjectof  insects,  we  think,  is  permitted  to  intrude 
superfluously  :  each  introductory  chapter,  except  that 
upon  greenhouse  plants,  and  the  majority  of  those  on 
the  difi'erent  genera,  conclude  with  a  paragraph  relat- 
ing to  their  extermination.  We  read  the  negative  infor- 
mation forming  a  paragraph  that  "Gloriosas  suffer 
but  little  from  the  depredations  of  insects,  their  juices 
not  being  relished  by  them."  Cautions  with  regard 
to  delicate  plants  and  hints  with  regard  to  many, 
are  useful  enough,  but  to  be  told  that  leathery 
plants,  like  Sansevtera  zeylanica,  should  be  sponged 
when  affected  by  scale,  is  unnecessary.  The  usual 
remedy  of  fumigation  for  grecnlly  is  corstantly 
mentioned,  but,  so  far  as  we  have  noticed,  no  cases 
are  pointed  out  for  which  it  is  unsuited. 

Good  selections  of  plants  are  given,  but  we 
notice  important  omissions,  and,  as  in  the  case  of 
Grevillea,  some  of  the  best  kinds  are  not  among 
those  included.  We  find  no  meniion  of  the  splendid 
Clianthus  Dampieri,  though  full  justice  is  done  to 
C.  puniceus.  Only  one  Clematis  is  mentioned  under 
the  genus,  and  nothing   is  said  of  the   magnificent 


hybrids  which  are  so  fine  for  the  greenhouse,  except 
that  they  are  included  in  a  list  of  hardy  shrubs  It 
is  not  easy  to  understand  why  Anasctochilus  should 
be  admitted,  while  other  Orchids  are  not.  In  the 
preface  it  is  said  that  the  best  new  plants  up  to  date 
are  included,  but  three  or  lour  well  deserving  of  this 
description  we  do  not  find. 

We  cannot  always  congratulate  our  author  upon  his 
use  of  terms.  On  the  tiilepage  we  are  told  that  500 
families  of  plants  are  included  in  the  work,  which  is 
a  good  many  more  than  is  allowed  by  botanists  for 
the  whole  of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Here,  ofcourse, 
genera  are  intended,  though  elsewhere  the  word  is 
used  in  its  correct  application.  Under  Macrczamia 
we  read  that  "  These  belong  to  the  Cycad  family  anei 
are  a  very  distinct  and  handsome  section  of  the  genus." 
This  confusion  of  common  terms  is  to  be  regretted. 
<.)aite  erroneous  information  is  sometimes  given,  as  in 
the  case  of  Desmodium  gyrans,  the  leaves  of  which  are 
said  to  be  constantly  moving  with  the  regularity  of  a 
clock— just  the  opposite  of  what  is  true.  Trichiniums 
are  said  to  be  low-growing  annuals  with  somewhat 
singular  flowers  not  possessing;  much  merit,  and  it  is 
added  that  they  can  be  raised  from  seed.  Now  T. 
Manglesi,  which  comes  under  this  description,  is 
perennial,  and  though  good  seeds  of  course  would 
grow,  it  must  generally  be  propagated  by  means  of 
the  root.  Moreover,  it  is  a  meritoiious  plant  when 
well  grown.  The  tuberous  lijgonia  cinnabaiina  is 
included  under  the  fibrous-rooted  kinds.  The  Chilian 
Embothrium  coccineum  is  said  to  come  from  New 
Holland.  Ipomcei  Horsfalli.-e  has  been  supposed  to 
be  a  native  of  Africa  or  the  Kast  Indies,  and  as  the 
mi, take  is  repeated  here  we  may  mention  that  the 
true  habitat  is  Jamaica,  as  shown  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chionicle  of  May  2,  of  this  year. 

An  excellent  alphabetical  index  adds  to  the  value 
of  this  work.  The  whole  book  greatly  requires  further 
revision  as  partly  indicated  by  our  remarks,  especially 
in  matters  relating  to  the  physiology  and  natural 
history  of  the  plants  mentioned  ;  but  the  value  of  the 
cultural  information,  especially  as  concerns  the  more 
popular  plants,  is  so  great,  that  we  are  bound  on  this 
head  to  give  it  our  strongest  lecommecdation. 


NEW    ZEALAND    BOTANY. 

Since  the  year  1S67,  when  Dr.  Haast  explored 
and  exhaustivelydescribed  the  geological  and  botanical 
features  of  the  headwaters  of  the  Rakaia  and  sur- 
rounding alpine  country  very  little  additional  know- 
ledge of  its  mineral  and  floral  resources  has  been 
obtained.  For  nearly  twenty  years  this  glorious 
mountain  region  with  its  glaciers,  rivers,  forests,  ar.d 
lovely  valleys,  has  remained  in  its  primeval  solitude, 
save  for  the  occasional  visits  of  shepherds  from  the 
outslations  of  Glenthorne  and  Mount  A'gidus,  or  of 
some  adventurous  horseman  who  has  dared  the  perils 
of  the  numerous  livers  to  gaze  upon  the  wonders  of 
the  high  alps  at  the  Stewart  Glacier  or  at  Browning's 
Pass.  The  discovery  of  gold-bearing  quartz  in  the 
Rolieston  range  has  at  length  roused  public  attention, 
the  miner  is  at  work,  the  plucky  prospector  is  testing 
the  ground  in  the  very  heart  of  the  ranges,  and  the 
recent  discovery  of  an  extensive  quartz  reef  on 
Mount  llarmau  will  probably  cause  the  opening  up 
of  the  country. 

The  valley  of  the  Wilberforce,  north-west  of  Mount 
Gargarus,  to  Mount  Sebastopol,  running  through  most 
romantic  scenery,  maybe  roughly  estimated  at  20  miles. 
On  the  righlistheBirdwood  range,  with  the  Black  range 
beyond  ;  on  the  left  is  the  Rolieston  range,  with  Mount 
Williams  at  its  western  end,  the  spurs  runn'nj;  into 
the  valley.  These  spurs  and  the  gullies  between  are 
covered  with  dense  forests,  which  feed  tte  small 
streams  flowing  into  the  Wilberforce.  These  tri- 
butaries are  the  Boulderslonc,  the  Kakapo,  the  Kiwi, 
the  Moa,  and  the  Stewait  or  Unknown  River,  occur- 
ring in  the  order  racnlioned.  Higher  up  is  the 
Cascade  range,  with  its  numerous  mountain  torrents 
falling  into  the  North  Crttk,  which  in  turn  empties 
itself  in'o  the  Moa.  One  of  the  chief  sources  of  the 
Wilberforce  is  the  Stewart  Glacier — an  ice  river  from 
Mount  Mystery  in  the  centr.il  range,  backed  by  Mount 
Collet,  and  Mount  Park,  with  Browning's  Pass  to  the 
north. 

When  the  writer  and  his  friends,  Messrs.  Brown 
and  Arnold,  met  at  the  station  on  the  morning  of 
May  4,  the  weather  for  a  botanical  trip  to  the  Wilber- 
force was  not  cheering,  heavy  masses  of  cloud  were 
rolling  up  from  the  southward,  and   there   was   an 


ominous  bite  in  the  air  which  betokened  roUj^h 
work  in  the  ranges.  Leaving  the  train  at  .Spring- 
field we  arranged  our  swags  and  started  on  the 
long  jnurnty  to  the  Moa  River,  a  distance  of  60  odd 
miles. 

Mr.  Landers  welcomed  us  with  the  true  hospitality 
which  the  dwellers  in  tents  have  always  given  to  the 
stranger,  and  the  cook  put  before  us  a  substantial 
meal,  which  came  to  the  famished  botanists  like 
manna  in  the  wilderness.  Slept  like  tops  in  com- 
fortable camp  beds,  and  next  day  we  met  with  Mr. 
Slater,  a  prospector,  who  knew  the  country.  He 
took  us  over  the  Moa  River,  and  thoued  us  the 
habitats  of  Gleichenia  Cunninghamt  and  Dracophyl- 
lum  Traversii.  This  I'pacrid  grows  30  feet  high,  - 
towering  above  the  other  parts  of  the  bush,  its  long 
branches  extending  horizontally,  bearing  a  tuft  of 
leaves  at  the  txtremily,  from  which  rises  the  bloom 
like  a  Pine-apple.  It  is  certainly  the  most  remark- 
able tree  of  the  alpine  flora.  Many  young  specimens 
were  colLced  ;  those  about  2  feet  high  are  very 
handsome,  wiih  filifoira  leaves  drooping  like  a  Dra- 
ccena.  There  is  another  variety,  D.  longifulia,  but 
its  leaves  are  smaller  and  more  imbricated.  The  tree 
was  met  with  up  to  the  snow,  so  that  its  hardy  cha- 
racter cannot  be  doubted.  The  prevailing  limber 
tree  on  the  Moa  is  Libocedrus  Bidwtlli,  the  Incense 
Cedar,  the  Kawaka  of  the  Maoris.  The  tree  attains 
to  33  or  40/eet  in  height,  its  conical  top  and  dark 
green  foliage  being  visible  above  the  surrounding 
bush.  The  bark,  which  peels  otT  easily  in  spring,  is 
utilised  by  the  miners  in  various  ways.  Like  all  Cedars 
the  wood  is  dark  red,  and  splits  readily  into  slabs, 
but  as  the  centre  of  most  of  the  trees  is  hollow, 
and  the  wood  very  soft,  it  is  not  of  much 
value  as  timber.  It  is  singular  that  the  wood  of  the 
other  variety,  Libocedrus  Djniana,  which  grows  in 
the  North  Island,  is  hard  and  valuable.  The  Ribbon- 
wood,  Plagiaathus  betulinu-,  is  easily  distinguished 
from  the  surrounding  forest  at  this  season  by  its 
golden  leaves  ;  the  tree  is  decidujus,  and  its  leaves 
had  been  touched  by  frost. 

On  our  return  to  the  North  Creek  we  separated, 
my  companions  taking  ditT^rent  routes  ;  but  I 
had  definite  objects  in  view,  and  in  company  with 
Mr.  Slater  went  in  search  of  Rmunculus  God- 
leyanus.  Mr.  L-nders  told  us  that  the  yellow 
Buttercup  grew  at  a  considerable  clevaion  up 
the  North  Creek,  so  we  made  a  start  in  that  direc- 
tion. Following  that  cietU,  which  JIjws  into  the 
Moa  River  a  ft  w  chains  above  the  camp,  on  eiiher  side 
were  spurs  of  the  Cascade  range  covered  with  forest 
up  to  the  snow-line  ;  at  intervals  were  small  water- 
falls pouring  over  precipices  among  the  large  boulders 
which  had  been  rolled  down  the  creeks.  Ranunculus 
Lyalli  was  plentiful  on  the  banks,  Veronicas  lined 
the  margins  of  the  buih,  while  fine  specimens  of 
Angelica  gingidium  occurred  some  2  feet  across.  The 
miners  called  it  Aniseed,  because  the  leaves  and  seed 
have  a  similar  flavour.  Horses  are  very  fond  of  ihii 
aromatic  herb,  and  eat  it  gieedily.  Crossed  the  North 
Creek  on  a  temporary  bridge  which  led  to  the  reef, 
on  the  slopes  of  the  mountain  ;  it  is  situated  1600  feet 
above  the  creek,  and  can  only  be  worked  in  fine 
weather  ;  in  winter  the  claim  would  be  covered  with 
snow. 

Leaving  the  track  we  followed  the  bed  of  the  North 
Creek,  climbed  over  big  boulders,  and  crossed  the 
creek  several  times.  When  not  in  flood  this  creek 
is  about  the  size  of  the  Avon,  but  when  there  is  a 
fresh  it  is  a  mountain  torrent,  tumbling  over  boulders 
and  washing  everything  before  it.  Dfacophyllums 
grew  on  (he  slopes  in  abundance,  their  peculiar  heads 
standing  up  clear  of  the  bush.  Passing  No.  2  creek 
we  sa.v  mountain  Lilies  growing  under  the  side  of 
boulders  and  burnt  scrub,  whiht  others  grew  on  the 
vertical  faces  of  rocks,  the  roots  wedging  themselves 
into  the  crevices.  Ourisia  raacrocarpa  grew  in  patches 
2  or  3  feet  across,  its  bold  dark  green  foliage,  purple 
underneath,  and  large  trusses  of  white  flowers,  render- 
ing it  one  of  the  finest  of  alpine  herbaceous  plants. 
We  found  the  best  patches  growing  in  peaty  soil  with 
water  trickling  among  their  roots,  on  the  sides  of 
watercourses.  The  other  variety,  O.  macrophylla, 
we  found  growing  in  similar  situations,  but  the  leaves 
and  blooms  are  smaller.  Some  fine  plants  of  Aci- 
phylla  Monroi,  S  inches  hi^^h,  were  noted,  evidently 
the  male  variety.  The  scenery  up  the  creek  battles 
description  ;  ahead  there  is  Mount  Mystery,  to  the 
left  Mount  Williams,  with  its  rac:ged  looking  peaks 
sticking  out  of  the  snow,  and  on  the  right  mountains 
covered   with   forest,   the   creek   between.     We  had 


472 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,   iSij. 


some  hard  climbinE  to  reach  No.  5  creek,  where  the 
rare  Aciphylla,  with  red  midribs  and  spines,  was  met 
with.  Half-adozen  specimens  were'  collected.  A 
large  Aciphylla,  with  dark  green  leaves,  grew  among 
the  boulders.  Carmichslia  odorata  was  apparently 
very  local,  as  it  was  only  met  with  once  in  No.  5 
creek  ;  it  was  out  of  bloom,  but  the  miners  said  it 
scented  the  air  in  summer.  Straggling  plants  of  Edel- 
weiss, Helichrysum  grandiceps,  now  appeared,  show- 
ng  that  we  were  not  far  off  the  yellow  mountain  Lily. 


flowers,   grew  in   the   tiver-bed  ;    also  V.    Bidwilli, 
which  was  in  seed. 

In  the  bush  we  saw  nine  distinct  species  of  Ferns. 
The  Filmy  Ferns  were  represented  by  Hymenophyl- 
lum  Malingii,  one  of  the  rarest  of  the  family,  which 
grew  on  dead  Cedars  with  a  north  aspect ;  H.  multi- 
fidum  carpeted  the  ground  with  its  bright  green 
fronds  ;  H.  polyanthos  grew  on  the  trees,  but  was 
rather  scarce  ;  H.  villosum  was  found  on  bare  rocks 
in  very  exposed  situations ;  H.  scabrum,  with  its  long 


Scrambling  over  some  loose  boulders  we  caught  sight       drooping  fronds,  in  damp  places.     Alsophila  Colensoi 

of   what   appeared    to    be    Ranunculus   Godleyanus,       •'  "      '  '     '  '"""" 

about  300  feet   above.     Everything  was  frozen,  and 

plant-collecting  at   5000  feet  is  not  very  nice  work, 

hands  and  feet  being  so  benumbed  with  cold  as  to  be 

almost  useless.     Celmisia  coriacea,  the  Cotton  plant, 

grew  in  abundance  at  this  elevation,  its  silvery  foliage 

and  graceful  habit  making  it  a  very  pretty  plant.     Of 

C.  petiolata  we  saw  a  few  plants  growing  in  boggy 

ground.     In  shady  places  Ranunculus  Lyalli  was  in 

full  flower,  and  on  one  plant  there  must  have  been 

fifty  expanded  blooms.     Several  smaller  varieties  of 

Ranunculus  grew  among  the  stones.     We  at  length 

reached  R.  Godleyanus,  named  after  Mr.  Godley,  the 

pioneer  of  Canterbury.     It  has  dark  green  foliage 

with  shining  yellow  flowers   borne  on  flower-stalks 

like  K.  Lyalli.     With  a  prospector's  pick  we  dug  the 

plants  out  of  the  shingle  slide,  composed  of  broken 

slate,  water  continually  running  at  their  roots  from  the 

melting   of  the   snow   above.      As   the  plants  were 

covered  with  snow  and  ice  it  was  difticult  to  get  them 

out  even  with  the  help  of  the  pick.     Some  very  fine 

specimens  of  this   rare  plant  were  collected,  but  as 

the  sun  was  going  down  and  it  was  freezing  hard  we 

decided  to  commence  the  descent.     We  had  several 

miles  of  very  rough  country  between  us  and  the  camp, 

which  required  daylight  to  travel  over  in  safety.     The 

prospect  of  spending  the  night  in  that  alpine  region 

w  ithout  tent  or  food  a  la  Mr.  Green  and  his  guides  a 

Mount  Cook,  was  not  pleasant,  so  we  came  down  at 

top  speed.     In  No.  5  creek  we  saw  the  large  white 

flowers  of  Veronica  macrantha,  also  a  new  Gentian 

with  white  flowers  and  pale  green  leaves  in  the  shape 

of  a  rosette.     Both  seed  and  plants  were  collected. 

On  the  way  to  camp  a  variegated  sport  on  a  plant  of 

Senecio  Bidwillii  was  secured  for  grafting.    We  arrived 

at  camp  at  7   p.m.,  heavily  loaded  with  plants  and 

about  twenty  varieties  of  seeds  which  were  collected 

during  the  day. 


Friday  morning  broke  brightly,  and  we  made  sure 
of  a  good  day's   collecting   in   Happy   Valley   and 
Rebel  Creek,  which  flows  into  the  Moa  River  a  short 
distance  above  the  camp.     Senecio  Lyalli,  with  pure 
white  flowers  and  dark  green  foliage,  was  growing 
near  the  water.     It  was  evident  that  this  valley  had 
been  filled  with  ice  in  winter,  a  mass  remaining  un- 
melted,  with  water  running  through  a  tunnel  beneath. 
This  valley  bears  due  south,   and  the  ice   had   but 
recently  melted,  so  that  vegetation  was  springing  up. 
At  one  place  in  a  bed  of  broken  rock  and  shingle 
there  was  a  grand  alpine  garden.     Both  the  yellow 
and  white  mountain   Lilies  by  the  thousand  were  in 
full    bloom,    interspersed   with   the    white    Marigold 
(Senecio   Lyalli) ;    Ligusticum    proliferum,   with   its 
highly  ornamental  foliage,  was  dotted  about  among 
the  Lilies,  and  even  the  little  Montias  were  repre- 
sented in  this  natural   garden.      The    most   graphic 
description  would  fail  to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the 
purity  and  beauty  of  these  alpine   flowers,  when  seen 
in  their  natural  habitat  in  broken  ground  among  rocks 
and  boulders,  piled  up  in  every  conceivable  position 
as  the  glaciers  and  floods   have   left    them.      Only 
one    variety   of   Aciphylla   grew  in    this   cold   valley 
which  the  sun  never  enters,  everything  was  frozen, 
indeed,  it  was  dangerous  work,  as  we  could  get  very 
little  grip  with  our  feet  on  the  shingle  slips,  which 
had  become  transformed  into  ice  slides.     On  a  clifi' 
we  saw  a  fine  patch  of  Edelweiss,  far  out  of  reach, 
also   large    plans    of    Ranunculus    Godleyanus    just 
coming  into  bloom.     Polystichum  cystostegium,  the 
alpine  Fern,  adds  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  scenery, 
its  green  fronds  contrasting  with  the  rocks.     On  a 
bank  of  shingle  and   rocks  were  small  patches  of  the 
pretty  annual  Euphrasia  antarctica  j    Raoulias  were 
represented  by  several  varieties,   australis  and   sub- 
sericea    being    the    most    prevalent.      Mosses    and 
lichens  grew  on  every  rock,   but   few  were  in  fruit. 
Of   Acsenas   there   were   several  species,   adscendens 
and  microphylla   occurred    very   often    in    the   Moa 
river-bed.       Coriaria   thymifolia,     the    little     Tutu, 
was  plentiful,   looking  very   much   like   the  garden 
Thyme.      Veronica  linifolia,   wlh    its  delicate   pink 


(the  grove  Fern)  was  prevalent,  growing  very  large 
in  the  bush.  Polystichum  vestitum  was  very  common  ; 
a  forked  variety  of  it  was  found  by  Mr.  Eiown.  The 
Carrot  Fern,  Asplenium  Richardi  and  A.  flabelli- 
folium,  were  scarce.  Cystopteris  novjezealandioe, 
which  is  one  of  the  few  deciduous  Ferns,  was  very 
plentiful,  its  pale  green  fronds  -aiaking  it  easily  dis- 
tinguished. Of  Lomarias  we  saw  lanceolata,  alpina, 
and  discolor.  The  little  Polypodium  australe  grew 
on  dead  trees.  Goniopteris  pennigerum  was  very 
scarce.  Of  Lycopodiums  Billardieri  was  growing 
in  hollows  of  the  Pitch  Pine,  and  L.  selago  covered 
patches  on  the  ground  2  or  3  yards  across,  looking 
like  a  bed  of  seedling  Conifers. 

Mr.  Brown,  who  devoted  himself  to  the  collection 
of  mosses,  found  several  new  species  of  Andreas, 
Weissia,  Tortula,  Orthotrichum,  Eremodon,  and  a 
Folytricum,  with  flat  ovate  capsules.  Dicranum 
clathratum,  a  rather  scarce  variety,  was  abundant  in 
this  district.  Of  Hepaticas  there  were  Gottschia 
ciliata,  Madotheca  stangeria,  and  Tricholea  tomen- 
tosa. 

Monday  morning  was  fine,  the  sun  shining  on  the 
distant  peaks,  so  we  said  good-bye  to  our  friends  who 
had  treated  us  so  kindly  at  the  camp.  Mr.  Lander 
gave  us  valuable  information  as  to  the  habitats  of  the 
plants,  and  Mr.  Slater  and  Mr.  McClure,  of  the 
Survey  staff,  were  equally  ready  to  be  of  service  to  the 
first  party  of  botanists  who  had  visited  these  remote 
ranges.  The  cook  lent  us  his  horse  to  carry  our 
swags  to  the  lower  camp,  and  we  were  put  across  the 
main  branch  of  the  Wilberforce  by  one  of  Mr. 
Lander's  men.  It  was  4  I'-M-  when  we  got  over  the 
river,  but  we  managed  to  reach  Fisher's  whare,  and 
rema'ined  there  all  night.  Made  a  start  at  daybreak, 
and  had  some  difficulty  in  crossing  the  Harper,  as  the 
ford  had  been  washed  away  by  the  heavy  flood  ;  we 
had  to  go  a  long  way  up  stream  before  we  found  a 
safe  crossing  place.  Having  crossed  at  a  fork  we 
made  good  progress  to  Lake  Selfe,  where,  during  a 
short  halt,  we  found  a  terrestrial  Orchid  which,  with 
the  Water  Quillwort,  we  added  to  our  collection. 
Reached  the  head  of  Lake  Coleridge  at  dusk.  One 
of  the  miners  who  had  a  horse  came  up  with  us  near 
Lake  Lyndon  and  canied  our  heavy  swags  to  the 
hotel  at  the  foot  of  Porter's  Pass,  where  we  arrived  at 
7  P.M.  Next  day  we  were  fortunate  in  getting  a  lift 
in  a  dray  going  to  Springfield,  and  were  glad  when 
we  found  ourselves  in  the  train  for  Chiistchurch, 
where  we  arrived  at  7.40,  thoroughly  knocked  up, 
but  satisfied  with  the  result  of  our  ten  days'  trip  to 
the  district  of  the  quartz  reef  of  Canterbury.  F.N. 
Adams,  in  the  "New  Zealand  Country  Journal"  of 
September,  \%%<,. 


SHIRECLIFFE 
SHEFFIELD. 


HALL, 


SHIRECLIFFE  Hall,  as  the  name  denotes,  is  situate 
on  an  eminence  some  3^5  '«et  above  the  sea-level 
and  about  2  miles  from  Sheffield  Town  Hall.  The 
manufacturing  portion  of  the  town  is  principally 
situated  n  the  valley,  which  forms  a  semicircle  with 
a  radius  of  i  mile  from  Shireclifte,  and  extends  from 
north-east  to  south-west.  Under  these  circumstances 
it  will  readily  be  understood  that  vegetation  cannot 
be  particularly  luxuriant  out-of-doors  at  Shirecliffe, 
and  this  fact  is  at  once  apparent  in  the  stunted  and 
dying  condition  of  the  Oaks  that  have  stood  "the 


not  marred  by  being  cut  up  into  flower  beds.  The 
grass  is  well  kept,  and  the  flower  borders  are  gay  in 
spring,  summer,  and  autumn.  One  of  the  features 
of  Shireclifife  out-of-doors  in  early  spring  consist  in 
the  masses  of  Crocuses  which  Mr.  Udale  has  been 
forming  for  some  years  underneath  and  about  the 
large  Sycamores,  Chestnuts,  and  Copper  Beeches 
which  stand  on  the  lawn,  and  whose  spreading 
boughs  sweep  the  ground.  It  is  well  known  that 
grass  thrives  very  indifferently  under  such  trees,  but 
where  advantage  has  been  taken  of  such  drawbacks 
to  provide  glorious  masses  of  purple,  blue,  and  gold, 
and  where  the  masses  are  carried  a  loot  or  two 
beyond  the  sweep  of  the  boughs,  the  green  turf  acts 
as  a  beautiful  foil,  enhances  the  beauty  of  the  Cro- 
cuses, and  produces  such  an  effect  as  cannot  be 
obtained  when  the  bare  and  black  earth  shows 
between. 

Adjoining  the  mansion  is  a  rectangular  conservatory 
and  an  octagonal  tropical  house  and  fernery  com- 
bined. In  the  former  the  permanent  plants  are  fine 
Seaforthias,  Camellias,  Ficus  elastica,  Araucaria 
excelsa  glauca,  and  a  plant,  5  feet  through,  of  Pteris 
umbrosa  ;  on  the  floor  are  stood  a  quantity  of  speci- 
men Maidenhair  Ferns,  which  form  a  lovely  ground- 
work and  "setting  "for  the  choice  flowering  plants 
as  they  come  in  season.  At  the  time  of  my  visit  these 
consisted  of  Liliums,  Campanulas,  and  Vallotas,  and 
in  each  of  two  large  marble  vases  was  a  large  speci- 
men Miltonia  spectabills,  3  feet  in  diameter,  and 
bearing  eighty  to  ninety  fine  flowers  each. 

In  the  Iropical-house  are  fine  specimens  of  Cocos 
plumosus,  Seaforthia  elegans,  Chamserops  Fortunei, 
Pandanus  utilis,  Cibotium  princeps  and  regale,  and 
Woodwardia  radicans  is  cased  off  in  a  corner  and 
kept  cool,  the  walls  of  the  case  being  planted  with 
Selaginella  denticulata.  Passing  to  another  part  of 
the  grounds  we  enter  a  porch,  which  is  now  turned 
into  a  hardy  fernery,  and  where  the  Ferns  are  planted 
on  tufa  and  cork-bark.  This  is  a  pleasant  and 
beautiful  retreat  during  the  summer  and  autumn 
months. 

We  now  enter  the  stove,  which  is  a  span-roofed 
structure  ;  here  the  principal  plants  are  large  speci- 
men plantsof  Asparagus  plumosus,  Eucharis  amazonica, 
5  feet  through.  In  this  house  are  also  shown  magni- 
ficent plants  of  Dendrobiura  nobile,  Phalsnopsis 
Schilleriana,  and  on  the  roof  are  AUamanda  Schotti, 
Cissus  discolor,  &c.  The  next  division  in  this  range  all 
have  an  east  aspect,  and  consequently  are  lean-to's. 
The  first  we  come  to  has  a  large  Stephanotis  on  the 
roof,  and  in  the  front  are  grown  Melons  during  the 
summer  and  autumn.  The  next  division  contains  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  Orchids,  such  as  Miltonias, 
Dendrobes,  La;lias,  &c.,  including  a  magnificent 
Coelogyne  cristata.  Another  division  contains  a 
quantity  of  large  specimen  Maidenhair  Ferns,  Gar- 
denias, &c.,  and  suspended  from  the  roof  are  several 
baskets  of  Dendrobium  Falconeri. 

In  the  next  division  are  Tomatos  Cucumber.', 
and  Heliotropes  on  the  back  wall  ;  in  this 
house  I  also  noticed  two  large  plants  of  the  rare 
Piatycerium  Willincki.  Leaving  this  range  we  enter 
two  other  lean-to's  with  a  south  aspect.  The  first  is 
devoted  to  miscellaneous  plants,  amongst  which  are 
seen  several  gigantic  Aroids  which  produced  about 
200  beautiful  spathes  during  the  last  spring.  Azaleas, 
and  a  large  Rhododendron  fragrantissimum  ;  on  the 
back  wall  are  trained  zonal  Pelargoniums,  which  allow 
of  "cut  and  come  again"  all  the  year  round  ;  onlhe  roof 
are  yellow  Banksian  Roses  and  Wistaria  sinensis,  the 
racemes  of  which,  mingled  with  the  yellow  Roses,  are 
most  lovely.  We  now  come  to  the  Camellia-house,  a 
span-roofed  structure  standing  north  and  south  ;  on 
the  roof  is  a  fine  Gloire  de  Dijon  Rose,  which 
annually  produces  imcnense  quantities  of  fine  flowers. 
The  varieties  of  Camellias  are  alba  plena.  Lady 
Hume's  Blush,  Imbricala,  Empress  Eugenie,  &c. 
The  Azalea-house  is  the  next  and  last  glass  structure. 
This  is  span-roof,  like  the  Camellia  house  ;  it  is  50  feet 
long  by  16  wide.  The  specimen  Azaleas  are  very 
numerous  and  valuable,  and  comprise  some  of  the 
best    varieties   in   cultivation.     Chrysanthemums  are 


battles  of  the  breeze  for  between  400  and  500  years  ;       „^^.    ._ ._    ._    _ 

nevertheless  it  is  somewhat  surprising  to  find  what  a       well  grown  also  at  Shirecliffe,  some  200  plants  m  all 
pleasing  and  fresh  appearance  may  be  maintained  by       the  best  varieties  of  each  section  being  grown 


careful  selection  of  forest  trees  and  shrubs  most 
capable  of  withstanding  the  deleterious  atmosphere, 
and  by  careful  planting  and  judicious  nursing,"  as 
practised  by  Mr.  Udale,  the  head  gardener,  and  who, 
by  the  way,  could  contribute  a  useful  and  valuable 
article  on  trees  and  shrubs  for  smoky  towns  if  he 
would  only  do  so  [as  we  hope  he  will.  Ed.]  There 
are  nice  sweeps   of  lawn   with  natural  undulations, 


Udale  has  taken  first  honours  several  times  at  the 
metropolitan  shows,  and  has  held  the  premier  position 
in    Sheffield   and    neighbourhood    for  the    past    five 

The  fruit  and  vegetable  crops  are  plentiful  and 
of  good  quality.  Strawberries  in  pots,  for  forcing, 
are  also  well  done.  The  general  keeping  of  the  whole 
place  reflects  great  credit  on  Mr.  Udale,  the  gardener. 
Edward  Gilman,  Ingestre  Gardens. 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


473 


INTERNATIONAL    POTATO    EXHIBI- 
TION. 
Crystal  Palace  :  October  7,  and  following  days. 

The  tenth  annual  International  Potato  Exhibi- 
tion, which  opened  under  distinguished  corporate 
au>;pices  on  Wednesday  last,  if  somewhat  sreialler  in 
dimensions  as  compared  with  some  previous  shows, 
at  least  sufTired  only  from  the  effects  of  a  difficult  and 
exceptionally  dry  season.  But  for  that  and  its  ad- 
verse effects  on  some  southern  growers  the  display 
would  without  doubt  have  exceeded  the  finest  yet 
held  under  the  auspices  of  the  promoters.  In  many 
cases  grand  tubsrs  showed  somewhat  rough  skins,  the 
natural  product  of  drought,  whilst  some  kinds,  and 
especially  from  cooler  localities,  showed  beautiful 
tkins.  Those  who  hold  that  rough  skins  and  table 
quality  are  inseparable  must  have  been  amply  satisfied 
with  the  tubers  as  presented  on  the  tables.  Io  one 
respect,  the  absence  of  the  long-established  class  for 
Reading  have  so  long  maintained,  was  noticeable,  and 
the  absence  also  of  that  eminent  firm  is  to  be  regretted, 
eighteen  kinds,  which  the  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  of 
Probably  the  difficulty  which  kept  them  absent  will 
be  surmounted  next  year  when  it  is  just  possible  the 
Potato  Show  may  be  held  at  South  Kensington,  where 
we  hope  also  the  proposed  Conference  on  Potatos 
may  be  mide  a  reality.  The  awards  in  the  respec- 
tive classes  are  given  below,  and  in  many  cases  the 
labour  of  judging  was  of  an  unusually  difficult  kind, 
owing  to  the  fine  average  quality  which  prevailed. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  kinds,  the  premier  class  of 
the  show,  there  were  fourteen  collections,  the  majority 
showing  very  fine  form  and  ample  size  ;  indeed,  some 
collections,  in  combining  size  with  beauty  of  form  and 
qii  ility.  have  never  been  excelled.  Mr.  j.  Hughes,  gr, 
to  Colonel  Cartwright,  Byfield,  Notts,  repeated  his 
victory  of  last  year  by  taking  the  ist  place  ;  he  had  grand 
samples  of  Chancellor,  Snowdrop,  Cosmopolitan,  Edgcote 
Seedling.  Woodstock  Kidney,  and  Fidlers  P.olific, 
white  kidneys  ;  Sutton's  Favourite,  First  and  Best, 
M.P.,  Schoolmaster,  and  [.ondon  Hero,  white  rounds  ; 
The  Dean.  Queen  of  the  Valley,  Reading  Russet, 
Vicar  of  Laleham.  Crimson  Beauty,  Blanchard,  Edgcote 
Purple,  Rufus,  and  Prizetaker,  coloured  kinds.  Mr.  W. 
Ellingston.  Mildenhall,  Suffolk,  was  2d.  having  beautiful 
Clarke's  M.iin  Crop,  International,  Magnum  Bonuni, 
Cosmopolitan,  and  Chancellor,  white  kidneys  ;  Enter- 
prise, Prizetaker,  Edgcote  Purple,  and  Defiance,  coloured 
kidneys  ;  The  Doctor,  Foster's  Prolific,  and  Harvester, 
white  rounds  ;  and  Life  Guard.  Empress  of  India,  Peach 
Glow,  Grampian,  and  R  idstock  Beauty,  coloured  rounds 
— exceptionally  tine  and  good.  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills,  gr.  to 
R.  A.  Cartwright,  Esq  .  Edgcole,  Binbury,  came  3d, 
having  splendid.  Edgcote  Seedling,  Chancellor,  Prime 
Minister,  and  Cosmopolitan,  whites  ;  and  The  Dean, 
Reading  Russet,  Vicar  of  Laleham.  and  Edgcote  Purple, 
coloured.  Mr.  E.  Chopping.  Sittingbourne,  was  4th. 
Mr.  W.  Kerr,  Darnavel,  Dumfries,  was  5th.  with  very 
clean  samples  ;  Mr.  Allen,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  Burdett,  Barns- 
bury  Manor,  6th  ;  and  Mr.  James  Lye,  Clyffe  Hall, 
Devizes,  7ih,  with  fine,  though  rather  rough-skinned 
tubers. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  kinds  there  were  thirteen  collec- 
tions, beautiful  samples  being  again  found.  Here,  as 
the  competitors  in  the  preceding  class  were  excluded,  a 
new  lot  of  competitors  came  in — Mr.  C.  Howard, fCanler- 
bury,  coming  ist  with  very  fine  samples  of  Duke  of 
Albany,  Chancellor,  Ashtop  Fluke,  Schoolmaster,  Mag- 
net, and  Vermont  Champion,  whites  ;  and  Reading 
Russet,  The  Dean,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Adirondack, 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  and  Reading  Russet,  coloured  kinds. 
Mr.  Tom  Tooley,  Newlands,  Banbury,  who,  like  Mr. 
Howard,  is  an  amateur  grower,  came  2d,  having  Snow- 
drop, Schoolmaster,  Cosmopolitan,  and  Magnum  Bo- 
num,  whites  ;  and  Radstock  Beauty,  The  Dean,  Edgcote 
Purple,  Reading  Russet,  and  Vicar  of  Laleham,  coloured 
kinds  ;  Mr.  |.  Gilmore,  Hawkhurst,  Kent,  was  3d,  with 
almost  similar  kinds;  Mr.  G.  Akhurst,  Faversham,  was 
4th  ;  Mr.  R.  West,  Northlands,  Salisbury,  5th  ;  and 
Mr.  W.  Woolford.  Great  Missenden,  6th. 

The  class  for  nine  dishes  brought  a  great  competition, 
no  less  than  twenty  lots  being  singed.  This  was  an 
open  class,  and  here  Mr.  Hughes  was  again  ist  with  very 
beautiful  samples  of  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Edgcote  Purple, 
Prizetaker,  and  Reading  Russet,  coloured  ;  and  Snow- 
drop, Favourite,  First  and  Best,  Schoolmaster,  and 
Cosmopolitan,  whites.  Mr.  lulling  ton  was  again  2d 
with  some  wonderful  Chancellor,  Good  Main  Crop,  and 
Iroquois,  white  ;  and  Empress  of  India  and  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  coloured.  Mr.  Wills  followed  again  3d  with 
capital  samples.  Mr.  W.  Kerr  was  4th  with  smaller 
but  clean,  pretty  samples,  especially  of  Lord  Rosebery, 
and  Mr.  Bresee,  coloured  kinds.  Mr.  Chopping  was 
Sth.  and  Mr.  West  6th. 

The  class  of  six  dishes  also  brought  twenty  lots,  many 
of  remarkable  quality,  Mr.  Hughes  coming  once  more 
ist  with  London  Hero,  First  and  Best,  Chancellor,  and 
Snowdrop,  white  ;  and  Edgecote  Purple  and  Reading 
Russet,   coloured.      Mr.    Rogers,   Whittlesea,  came  2d 


with  a  pretty  even  lot.  including  Pride  of  America  and 
Wormleighton  Seedling,  and  kinds  not  previously  named  ; 
Mr.  Ellington  was  3d  with  olt-named  sorts,  all  hand- 
some. Mr.  Chopping  was  4ih,  and  Mr.  McKinlay, 
P<^nge,  5lh— this  gentleman  having  in  his  lot  beautiful 
dishes  of  Rosebud.  Cardinal,  and  Harvester. 

There  were  eighteen  lots  in  the  class  for  three  dishes  of 
white  round  kinds.  Here  Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ealing,  was  ist 
with  good  Schoolmaster,  London  Hero,  and  Harvester. 
Mr.  Hughes  2d,  with  The  Doctor,  Schoolmaster,  and 
First  and  Best.  Mr.  Chopping  3d,  with  Early  House- 
hold, Favourite,  and  Schoolmaster.  Mr.  Ellington  was 
4th,  and  Mr.  |.  Hughes,  Whittlesea,  5th. 

There  were  twenty-four  lots  in  the  class  for  three 
kinds  of  coloured  rounds.  Mr.  Stanton,  Towcester, 
coming  ist,  with  handsome  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Reading 
Russet,  and  Adirondack  ;  Mr.  Howard  was  2d,  with 
Vicar  of  Laleham,  The  Dean,  and  Adirondack  ;  Mr. 
Wills  was  3d,  Mr.  Kerr  4th.  and  Mr.  Ellington  5th. 
Reading  Russet  was  in  four  ot  these  collections,  Vicar 
of  Lileham-in  four,  and  Adirondack  in  four. 

There  were  seventeen  lots  in  the  class  for  white 
kidneys  in  three  dishes.  Mi.  Wills  coming  ist,  with 
very  handsome  Snowdrop,  Edgcote  Seedling,  and  Cos- 
mopolitan ;  Mr.  Hughes  was  2d,  with  the  two  former 
and  Chancellor  ;  Mr.  Ellington  was  3d,  with  Snowdrop 
also,  and  Main  Crop  and  International;  Mr.  Chopping 
was  4th,  and  Mr.  John  Hughes  5th. 

Fifteen  lots  of  three  dishes  competed  in  the  coloured 
kidney  class,  Mr.  Wills,  having  fine  Edgcote  Purple, 
Mr.  Bresee,  and  Prizetaker,  was  isl  ;  Mr.  Chopping  2d, 
with  the  two  latter  and  Vanguard.  Mr.  Ellington  had 
Life  Guard.  Mr.  Hughes  would  have  been  higher  up 
but  for  an  uneven  dish  of  Beauty  of  Hebron.  Mr.  Kerr 
was  5th. 

In  the  class  for  a  single  dish  of  any  white  kidney  of 
English  origin,  a  grand  dish  of  Chancellor,  shown  by 
Mr.  Howard,  was  ist  ;  Mr.  Hughes  coming  2d,  with 
Snowdrop,  a  fine  sample  ;  Edgcote  Seedling  came  3d, 
and  Snowdrop,  from  Mr.  Kerr,  was  4th.  Ihere  were 
twenty-eight  dishes  in  this  class. 

Eighteen  dishes  were  staged  in  a  similar  class  for 
coloured  kidneys,  the  best  being  a  fine  lot  of  Cardinal, 
from  Mr.  Hughes,  Mr.  Wills  coming  ne.xt  with  Edgcote 
Purple  ;  Prizetaker,  from  Mr.  Allen,  was  3d  ;  Mr. 
Kerr  coming  4ttt  with  Defiance. 

There  were  twenty-five  dishes  of  white  rounds  in  a 
similar  class,  the  best,  a  fine  dish  of  Schoolmaster,  from 
Mr.  Howard  ;  Prime  Minister,  from  Mr.  West,  was  2d  ; 
Chancellor  3d,  from  Mr.  R.  Dean  ;  and  Schoolmaster 
came  4th. 

In  the  succeeding  class,  for  coloured  rounds,  there 
were  twenty-four  dishes,  Mr.  Stanton  coming  ist,  with 
grand  Vicar  of  Laleham  ;  Mr.  James  Lye  2d,  with  very 
fine  Reading  Russet  ;  Vicar  of  Laleham  was  agiin  3d, 
and  Reading  Russet  4tli. 

For  the  special  class  for  six  dishes,  prizes  offered  by 
Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co..  to  include  three  kinds 
named,  only  two  lots  competed,  Mr.  James  Lye  being 
ist,  and  Mr.  James  Fordcr,  King's  Lynn,  2d,  the  latter 
having  rough  samples. 

In  a  class  for  four  dishes,  the  prizes  offered  by  Mr, 
Fidler,  of  Reading,  and  the  class  to  include  his  Prolific 
and  Success,  Mr.  Hughes,  the  raiser  of  those  kinds,  was 
1st,  having  also  M.P.  and  First  and  Best  ;  Mr.  Wills 
came  2d,  with  the  same  kinds,  and  Edgcote  Purple  and 
Reading  Russet ;  Mr.  Ellington  was  3d  ;  Mr.  C.  Ross, 
Welford  Park,  4lh  ;  and  Mr.  Woolford  5th. 

The  class  for  any  white-skinned  kind  sent  out  during 
the  past  two  years. — Mr.  Chopping  was  ist,  with  hand- 
some Chancellor  ;  Mr.  Hughes  coming  2d,  with  fine 
Fidler's  Prolific  ;  The  Doctor,  shown  by  Mr.  Hughes, 
was  3d  ;  and  Chancellor  was  again  4lh. 

The  similar  class  for  coloured  kinds  brought  twenty 
dishes,  the  ist  prize  going  to  Reading  Ruby,  a  beautiful 
red  kidney,  raised  by  Mr.  Fenn,  and  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  .'^ons,  and  shown  by  Mr.  Wells,  Fernhill, 
Wmdsor  ;  Fidler's  Enterprise,  from  Mr.  Kerr,  was  2d  ; 
Rufus,  flat  red  round,  from  Mr.  Dean,  was  3d  ;  and 
Crimson  Beauty,  from  Mr.  Hughes,  4th. 

A  number  of  seedling  kinds  were  shown  in  the  seed- 
ling classes,  but  certificates  are  granted  for  these  only 
after  growth  and  trial  when  cooked  at  Chiswick.  This 
year  the  following  Certificates  were  alone  granted  : — 
To  Mr.  Robert  Fenn,  Sulhampsted,  for  Faith,  a  hand- 
some early  white  kidney.  To  Mr.  C.  Fidler,  for  General 
Gordon,  a  very  fine  white  main  crop  kidney.  To  Mr. 
Ironsides,  for  his  New  Fluke,  a  very  superior  white  kind  ; 
and  to  Mr.  Hughes,  for  Colonel,  a  grand  cropper,  white 
kidney  also. 

Trade  collections  made  a  big  show.  Messrs.  James 
Carter  &  Co.,  of  High  Holborn.  having  grand  heaps  of 
Imperator,  a  huge  flat  white  kind  ;  Adirondack,  Beauty 
of  Hebron,  White  Elephant,  Magnum  Bonum,  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  Reading  Hero,  and  Supreta. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  had  a  big  collec- 
tion of  some  eighty  kinds:  their  Schoolmaster,  Kinver 
Hill,  W.  E.  Gladstone,  a  fine  coloured  kidney,  with 
the  chief  varieties  in  commerce,  in  fine  form. 

Me-ssrs,  Harrison  &  Son.  of  Leicester,  also  had  a  fine 
show  including  huge  samples  of  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Great 
Eastern,  Schoolmaster,  Magnum  Bonum,  &c. 

Mr.  Laxlon,  Bedford,  showed  an  interesting  collection 
of  seedlings  ;  and  Mr.  I-'idler.  of  Reading,  displayed  a 
large  collection  of  popular  sorts. 

Shortly  after  the  judging  was  concluded  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  London  accompanied  by  the  sheriffs,  all  in 
rich  robes,  visited  the  show  and  afterwards  declared  it 
open  to  the  public.  The  Lord  Mayor  afterwards  presided 
at  the  usual  judges'  luncheon,  at  which  a  large  number  of 
persons  sal  down  and  did  ample  honour  to  an  admirably 
served  repast.  At  the  close  the  Lord  Mayor  proposed 
the  toast  of  the  International  Potato  Show,  to  which  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd  felicitously  responded. 


The   Hardy   Fruits. 

These  have,  like  the  Potatos,  suffered  somewhat 
in  appearance  generally,  in  consequence  of  the 
long  period  of  drought  felt  in  this  country  during 
the  summer,  and  if  there  was  an  unexpected  increase 
of  size  after  rain  had  fallen,  there  is  still  a  great 
diversity  in  the  size  of  the  fruits,  as  if  all  had  not  bene- 
fited in  an  equal  degree  ;  and  colour,  so  attractive  always 
even  in  sorts  of  acknowledged  inferiority,  is  not  so 
marked  as  was  the  case  last  year.  Prizes  were  fairly  good, 
but  scarcely  any  exhibitors  hailed  from  distant  counties, 
and  the  compe  iiion  was  mainly  between  the  fruit  growers 
of  Bucks,  Kent,  Sussex,  Berks,  Herts,  and  Wilts.  This 
may  be  owing  to  the  well  understood  unwillingness  of 
persons  in  other  counties  to  enter  the  lists,  not  so  much 
from  fear  of  the  veterans  as  from  acknowledged  inferiority 
on  such  points  as  chmate  and  soil.  Climate  seems  to 
tell  more  than  soil  ;  as  a  rule  the  Apples  from  the  heavy 
wealden  clays  of  Sussex  are  finer  than  the  same  kinds  are 
in  the  cold  clays  of  Herts. 

The  fruit  was  considerably,  as  regarded  numbers,  in 
excess  of  last  year,  and  many  entries  came  so  late  as  to 
cause  a  slight  embarrassment  in  the  tabling  of  so  many  at 
the  last  moment. 

The  fruit  tables,  as  well  as  those  set  apart  for  vege- 
tables, were  placed  in  the  eastern  half  of  the  Palace, 
being  arranged  in  three  lines,  with  ample  room  aroimd. 

Open  Classes. 

Taking  these  as  marked  in  the  schedule,  we  have  a 
competition  for  the  best  exhibition  of  Apples,  culinary 
and  dessert,  six  fruits  of  each.  In  this  Messrs.  G.  &  J. 
Lane,  o(  St.  Mary's  Cray,  Kent,  nurserymen,  were  ijt, 
putting  up  126  sorts,  excellent  as  a  whole,  and 
includmg  most  of  the  best  known  kinds  in  the  south, 
and  some  tha^  are  less  common,  as  Belle  Griseldine, 
Wheeler's  Russet,  General  Gordon,  Martin  Luther, 
Landsberger,  Reinette.  Late  Red  Nonsuch,  Brown 
Keniing,  White  Quarrenden.  Pinea,  Lord  Kingston, 
White  Astrachan,  Peach  Russet,  Rosecroft  Codlin, 
Reinette  du  Laak,  and  Reinette  Seigende.  2d,  Messrs. 
G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Maidstone,  with 
120  dibhes,  an  almost  equally  good  collection.  Fine 
fruits  were  noticed  of  Potts'  Seedling,  Nanny.  Winter 
Peach,  Cox's  Pomona,  Emperor  Alexander,  New  Haw- 
thornden  ;  the  general  excellence  and  great  fruiting  quali- 
ties of  the  last-named  are  getting  well  known.  Some  of 
the  Applet  in  this  collection  had  been  grown  uider 
glass,  notably  the  Melon,  a  handso.-ne  kind,  with  suffjsed 
pinkish  riftd,  striped  crimson,  and  which,  when  so 
grown,  is  very  ornamental.  The  best  fruits  of  most  of 
the  kinds  are  produced  either  on  cordons  or  espaliers. 
3d,  Messrs.  Rivers  &  Son,  Siwbridgeworth,  with  174 
varieties  ;  4th,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  the  Old  Nurseries, 
Cheshuni. 

Pears. 

For  the  best  exhibition  of  these  fruits,  ist,  Messrs, 
Rivers  &  Son,  with  100  varieties,  noteworthy  being 
Princess  and  Magnate,  both  seedlings  from  Louise  Bonne 
of  Jersey,  and  of  handsome  form  and  colour  ;  other 
newer  or  uncommon  kinds  of  goodly  appearance  being 
Lebrun,  Zoe,  General  Todtleben,  Madame  Flon  aine--. 
Fertility,  also  a  seedling,  and  Ducliess  de  Mouchy  ;  2d, 
Mr,  James  Butler,  Orchard  Lane,  Sittingbourne.  Besides 
good  samples  of  well  known  sorts  were  nice  fruits  of 
Dana's  Hovey,  King  Edward,  Doyennd  Boussoch,  and 
Noveau  Poiteau.  3d,  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  with 
a  nice  collection  arranged  on  plates  with  Plane  leaves 
under  them.  In  this  lot  we  remarked  Belle  de  Noel, 
Doyennd  Defays,  Colmar  d'Et^,  Marie  Guisse,  Nouvelle 
Fulvie,  Marie  Benoist,  Princess  Royal  or  Mathew's 
Eliza,  and  an  ornamental  fruit  in  the  Japanese  wildlJng, 
Dainio.  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  Albert  Brassey,  Esq., 
Preston  Hall,  Maidstone,  was  4th,  showing  fifty-iix 
dishes  of  chiefly  popular  varieties. 

Amateurs. 

For  the  best  twenty-four  dishes  of  Apples,  kitchen  and 
dessert,  six  fruits  of  each. — ist,  Mr.  Sidney  Ford, 
Leonardslee,  Horsham.  Thiscollection  contained  Melon, 
Hollandbury,  Fat  Ox,  Warner's  King,  Stone's,  l..ady 
Henniker,  Blenheim  Orange,  Dr.  Harvey,  Alfrislon, 
Cox's  Orange,  Rainbow,  France,  Royal  Pearmain,  and 
fine  examples  of  other  kinds,  dessert  and  cuUnary  ;  2d, 
Mr.  A.  Waterman,  who  had  capital  fruits  of  Mere  de 
Manage,  Tower  of  Glamis,  Broadeyed  Pippin,  Gloria 
Mundi,  and  Stone's;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Davis,  gr.  to  H.  J. 
Lake,  Esq  ,  Fairlawn  House,  Bollo  Lane,  Chiswick. 

Twelve  dishes  of  Pears,  distinct,  six  fruits  of  each. — - 
ist,  Mr.  A.  Waterman,  good  samples  being  observed  of 
Beurrt^  Superfin,  Pitmastun  Duchess,  Gansell's  Berga- 
motte,  and  Calebasse  Grosse  ;  2d,  Mr.  S.  Ford,  King 
Edward,  Beurri^  Diel,  Durondeau,  Beurrii  Bosc,  and 
Pitmaston  Duchess,  being  some  of  the  best  shown  by 
him;  3d,  Mr.  C,  J.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Hoare, 
Esq.,  Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham,  an  excellent  collection. 

Twelve  dishes  of  Apples,  exhibitors  in  the  class  for 
twenty-four  dishes  bemg  prohibited  from  showing  in 
this  class.  — ist,  Mr.  J.  Gilmour,  gr..  Hawkhurst,  Kent  ; 
Dutch  Mignon  (rarely  seen  in  collections).  New  Haw- 
thornden.  Cockle  Pippin,  Adams'  Pearmain,  Hereford- 
shire ditto,  and  Dumelow's  being  the  best.  2d,  .Mr.  W. 
Dance,  gr.  to  Colonel  Lowe,  Gosfield  Hall,  Halstead, 
Essex  ;  the  Warner's  King,  Hollandbury,  Alexander, 
Worcester  Pearmain,  P'earn's  Pippin,  and  Blenheim, 
being  of  much  merit.  3d,  Mr.  G.  Collins,  gr.  to  F.  .\. 
Rose,  Esq.,  Wandsworth  Common. 

Vegetables  (Oi'en). 

For  the  best  exhibition  of  vegetables  arranged  for 
effect,  and  not  more  than  four  dishes  of  any  sort. — isl, 
Mr.  A.  Waterman,  who  had  sixty-four  varieties  ;  notice- 
able were  nice  example  of  Pragnall's  Beet,  Sulham  Park 


474 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1885. 


Celery,  Snowball  Turnip,  Paris  Red  French  Bean, 
Early  Nantes  Carrot,  Student  Parsnip.  May's  Northaw 
Sprouts,  and  Ayton  Castle  Leek  ;  the  collection  was  very 
abundant  in  quantity,  and  was  tastefeliy  set  off  with  a 
groundwork  of  Parsley  and  other  herbs,  and  blanched 
Endive,  &c.  2d,  Mr.  J.  Neighbour,  Bickley.  Kent  ;  3d, 
Mr.  F.  A.  Becket  Cole,  Hatch  Farm,  Penn,  Bucks  ;  4lh, 
Mr.  C.  y.  Waite,  gr.,  Glenhurst,  Esher. 

For  the  heaviest  Gourd.— ist,  Mr.  J,  Sharpe,  Grove 
Road,  Lee,  for  a  Squash  of  108  lb.;  2d.  Mr.  Osman, 
Sutton,  for  Connecticut  Yellow  Squash  of  67  lb. ;  3d, 
Mr.  Sturgess,  Chepstead. 

Mr.  Osman  also  took  the  ist  prize  for  a  fine  represen- 
tative collection  of  edible  Gourds  ;  Mr.  G.  Sturgess,  2d  ; 
Mr.  |.  Sharpe,  3d. 

For  the  best  colleciion  of  ornamental  Gourds — ist,  Mr. 
O^nian,  with  thirty,  including  the  biggest  and  the 
smallest  varieties;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Sturgess;  3d,  Mr.  J. 
Sharpe. 

Amateurs. 

Twelve  dishes  of  vegetables,  not  more  than  two  dishes 
of  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  C.  Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel 
Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  A.  Beckett  ;  3d, 
Mr.  A.  Waterman.  These  collections,  and  others  which 
competed,  held  nothing  of  exceptional  merit,  although 
all  were  fine  for  the  season.  Peas  were  conspicuous  by 
their  infrequency,  and  salads  might  have  been  better. 
The  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower,  Red  Cabbage,  and  Cole- 
worts  were  exceptionally  good  samples.  Mr.  L.  Harris, 
Braddenham.  took  tlie  isi  prize  for  six  dishes  ;  2d,  Mr. 
H.  Tombs,  Tyler's  Green,  Amersham. 

First-class  Certificates  were  granted  to  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Sons  for  Apple  Prince  Bismarck,  a  large  oblate 
conicil  fruit,  with  pale  yellow  rind,  marked  on  the  sunny 
side  with  taint  rose  ;  the  eye  is  closed  and  set  in  a  deep 
basin,  pleated  at  the  sides  ;  stalk  thick  and  short,  and 
set  in  a  deep  concavity  ;  and  for  Crab  American. 

Mr.  T.  Laxton  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for 
Apple  September  Beauty,  medium-sized,  crimson  coloured 
fruit,  eye  closed  and  set  in  a  shallow  cavity. 

Miscellaneous  :  Non-Competing. 

From  Mr.  J.  Butler,  Sittingbourne,  there  came  some 
extraordinarily  fine  samples  of  the  following  kinds  of 
Pears,  shown  in  large  quantities: — Beurr^  Diel,  Beurre 
Clairgeau,  and  Pitmaston  Duchess  ;  also  two  boxes  full  of 
appetising  looking  fruit  of  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey.  Photo- 
graphs were  likewise  shown  to  give  an  idea  of  the  abun- 
dance of  fruits  on  trees  in  Mr.  Butler's  garden. 

Messrs.  Cheal,  nurseries,  Crawley,  showed  a  collec- 
tion ot  120  dishes  of  .\pples  and  twenty-eight  of  Pears, 
many  excellent  examples  o(  both  being  witnessed. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son  had  forty  dishes  ol  Apples 
grown  in  their  Sussex  branch  nursery,  and  100  dishes 
from  Herts,  besides  eighty  kinds  of  Pears,  making  alto- 
gether a  very  large  and  interesting  show. 

From  the  Fulham  nurseries  ot  Messrs.  |.  Veitch  & 
Sons  came  160  dishes  of  Apples,  of  mostly  fine  size  and 
high  in  colour,  the  produce  of  bushes  and  pyramid  trees. 
Of  Pears  100  dishes  in  as  many  kinds  were  also  shown 
by  the  same  firm,  proving  the  possibility  of  fruit  growing 
within  4  miles  of  Charing  Cross. 

Mr.  Laxton  showed  his  open-air  Tomato,  new  Apple 
Schoolmaster,  and  the  Hyslop  Crab,  a  small  deep 
crimson  fruit. 

Mr.  Deverill,  seedsman,  Banbury,  had  a  large  collec- 
tion of  his  several  new  varieties  of  Onions,  as  Rousham 
Park,  Wroxton  Hero,  &c.  Most  of  these  were  of  a 
large  size,  and  eminently  suited  for  exhibition  purposes, 
as  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  six  Onions  had  a 
weight  of  8  lb.  avoirdupois. 


SCOTTISH  HORTICULTURAL  ASSO- 
CIATION. 

The  seventh  ordinary  meeting  of  this  session  was  held 
in  the  rooms,  5,  St.  Andrew  Square,  on  Tuesday,  the 
6th  inst.  Mr.  Robert  Lindsay,  Curator,  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  Vice-President,  presided.  Dr.  J.  M.  Macfar- 
lane,  Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh,  read  a  paper 
on  "  Nepenthes,"  in  which  he  sketched  the  history  and 
affinities  of  the  order,  entering  more  fully  into  the  micros- 
copic structure  and  physiological 
very  minutely  the  honey  glands, 
first  observed  by  Professor  Dick: 
be  found  on  all  parts  of  the  plant 
on  the  under-surface  of  the  lamin: 
the  pitchers.  He  gave 
observations  made  b 


He  described 
hich  he  stated  were 
n,  and  which  are  to 
but  more  numerous 
ind  round  the  rim  of 
leresting  details  of  various 
ts  of  insects, 


their  capture  and  ultimate  digestion  by  the  plant. 
Synopsis  of  about  forty  species  were  given,  twenty 
of  which  were  introduced  during  the  last  few 
years.  The  paper  was  admirably  illustrated  by  objects 
under  the  various  microscopes,  living  plants,  and  a 
number  of  dried  and  preserved  pitchers,  some  of  which 
are  not  in  cultivation.  In  the  discussion  which  followed 
the  reading  of  the  paper,  Mr.  Lindsay  stated  that  the 
first  Nepenthes  raised  from  seed  in  Britain  was  effected 
by  Mr.  Kelly  in  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  Jas.  Dickson  & 
Son,  Edinburgh,  about  forty  years  ago.  Mr.  Burbidge, 
Curator,  Trinuy  College  Botanic  Garden,  Dublin,  gave 
nn  interesting  and  instructive  history  of  his  wandering  in 
Borneo,  detaihng  the  soil,  situalion,  and  altitude  in 
which  he  found  the  various  species  which  he  collected. 
In  answering  a  practical  question  put  by  Mr.  Dunn, 
Mr.  Burbidge  stated  that  he  found  in  every  instance  the 
pitchers  contained  more  or  less  of  decomposed 
animal  matter  and  from  the  small  and  slight  hold 
of  their  roots,  he  had  no  doubt  they  derived  great 
benefit  from  the  insects  which  found  their  way  into 
the  pitchers.  Mr.  McKenzie,  Warriston  Nursery,  was 
of  opinion  that  this  contention  of  plants  being  able  to 
digest  animal  food,  when  applied  to  their  leaves,  required 


more  proof  than  botanists  have  hitherto  been  able  to 
bring  forward.  The  Chairman  closed  the  discussion  by 
giving  some  practical  hints  on  the  culture  ot  Nepenthes  ; 
he  also  put  the  question  to  Mr.  Burbidge,  if  there  were 
not  periods  of  the  year  in  Borneo  of  draught,  and  if  so, 
he  pointed  out  the  Nepenthes  would  be  benefited  by  the 
moisture  contained  in  their  pitchers.  Mr.  Burbidge  in 
reply,  stated  that  on  the  plains  he  found  Nepenthes 
generally  growing  in  ditches,  or  in  situations  where  leaves 
and  decayed  vegetable  matter  was  blown  by  the  wind 
round  the  plants,  and  thereby  retaining  moisture  about 
them.  With  regard  to  the  species  found  on  the  moun- 
tains he  said  they  were  in  a  constant  state  of  dripping 
moisture.  On  the  motion  of  the  Chairman,  a  hearty 
vote  of  thanks  was  awarded  to  Dr.  McFarlane,  and  also 
to  Mr.  Burbidge  for  their  communications. 

Exhibits  on  the  Table. 

New  seedling  .\pple,  named  Lady  Sudeley.  by  Mr. 
George  Bunyard,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Maidstone,  Kent  ; 
it  received  a  First-class  Certificate  Jrom  the  Fruit  Com- 
mittee. 

Aberia  Cafifra  (the  Kei  fruit  of  the  Cape),  by  Afr. 
Lindsay.  Curator,  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  who  slated 
that  this  beautiful  fruit  was  new  to  Europe  ;  the  speci- 
mens exhibited  were  sent  to  him  by  T.  Hanbury,  Esq., 
from  the  gardens  of  La  Mortolo,  Ila'y.  It  had  a  per- 
fume somewhat  between  a  Melon  and  a  Pine-apple.  It 
will,  no  doubt,  prove  an  important  addition  to  our  half- 
hardy  fruits.  It  is  a  native  of  Africa,  and  belongs  to  the 
Bixaceae.  The  fruits  are  of  the  size  and  shape  of 
Green  Gage  Plums,  and  of  a  soft  yellow  colour,  each 
containing  four  or  five  seeds,  and  being  of  an  agreeable 
sub-acid  flavour. 

Fruit  of  Monstera  deliciosa,  by  Mr.  Dunn,  Dalkeith 
Palace  Gardens.  Mr.  Dunn  described  the  nature  and 
qualities  of  the  fruit,  which  was  new  to  many  of  the 
members. 

A  collection  of  Apples,  also  Fuchsia  penduliflora,  F, 
Dominiana,  F.  alba  coccinea,  by  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Co., 
nurserymen,  Edinburgh. 

Crinum  sp. ,  from  Demerara,  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Machattie, 
Newbattle  Abbey  Gardens.  The  plant  was  in  flower  and 
well  grown  ;  it  was  supposed  to  be  new,  and  was  recom- 
mended for  Cultural  Certificate.  Fruit  of  Beurri^  Hardy 
Pear,  by  Messrs.  James  Dickson  &  Son,  nurserymen, 
Edinburgh. 

The  meeting  closed  with  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  to 
Mr.  Lindsay  for  his  conduct  in  the  chair. 


STATS  0F7HB  WBATHBR  AT  BLACKHSATH,  LO^'DO^\ 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  (n-TotiER  7,  1885. 


Hyerome- 
tncal    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

> 

a 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

11 

i 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
AveraRe  of 
18  years. 

is 

J 

s 

^  . 

So 
s 

III 

1 

Oct. 

In.       In,    1   .   1    . 

, 

„ 

In. 

I 

19.50  -0JOS7.5I44.0 

13-5 

So.o 

—  4-4 

43.0  78 

S.W.    '0.07 

= 

S9  77   +0.C8 

w  0,43  s 

■55 

S'.7 

—  'S 

46.9      82  { 

S.W.  :  1 

ss.w.  "  "• 

3 

3^71+0  04 

S7  848  5 

9  3 

SI  7-  J  I  40  s'    67I 

w.s.w.  °  ■'< 

4 

39.69  1+0  01 

S7  040  3 

16.7 

4«S_4.7|43  0|     80  { 

W.S.W.  ""^ 

s 

29  49J-0." 

52-947 .0 

S.9 

48.5 

—  4  7  43  5      83         S.W.     0  08 

6 

»9  5» 

-0..7 

55.0385 

■6.5 

,6  8 

—  6.1  44  7!     93        N.W.    0.20 

7 

»9.7S 

+0.06 

S3.sl4.-0 

>»  5 

47-0 

-  S-'|39S|     76        N-W-    o.lS 

Mean 

J964 

— aos 

56-.|43,3 

11.8 

49.a 

-  4-.I  43  I      80         S.W.     0  S7 

Oct.  I. -Rain  falling  ir 
—    2.-Fine,  dull. 

-Rain  in  early  1 


early  morning;  dull  day,  but  fine, 
lorning  ;  fine  day,  bright  mostly. 


—  4-— Dull,  but  fin 

—  5. — Rain  in  morning  ;  dull  day. 

—  6.  —  Fine  bright  morning ;  rain  falling  from  about  1 

—  7.-  Rain  in  early  morning  ;  fine  bright  day  ;  fin 


night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  3,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.87 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.04  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  28th,  decreased  to  29  73  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  29'h,  increased  to  29  Si  inches  by 
5  p  M.  on  the  same  day,  decreased  to  29.49  inches  by 
5  P.M.  on  the  30th,  iricreased  to  30.03  inches  by 
9  A.M.,  decreased  to  29  S5  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
October  2,  and  was  29.93  inches  by  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29  88  inches,  being  0.21 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.06  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 


Tettiperature, — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  60°.  8,  on  September  30, 
on  September  27  the  highest  was  47°.4.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  56". 4. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  32",  on  September  27  ; 
on  September  30  and  October  3  the  lowest  tem- 
perature was  48^5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  low 
night  temperatures  was  42*.6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
'S^'Si  00  September  28  and  October  2  ;  the  smallest, 
on  the  3d,  was  9'.  3.  The  mean  of  the  seven  daily 
ranges  was  13^.8.  j 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  September  27th, 
40^5  ;  on  the  28ih,  43°. 6  ;  on  the  29th,  52^3  ;  on 
September  30th,  54°. 2  ;  on  October  ist,  50";  on 
the  2d,  $r.7  ;  and  on  the  3d,  si*.7  ;  and  these  were 
all  below  their  averages  by  14°. I,  io'',9,  2°.i,  o".!, 
4". 4,  2^.5,  and  2°.2,  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  49^I| 
being  2°.S  lower  than  last  week,  and  5*.2  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  106°,  on  October  I.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  S7°.4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  23"",  on  September  27.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  readings  was  33^ 

Rain, — Rain  fell  on  four  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.47  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  5  the  highest  temperatures  were  64'.3 
at  Brighton,  63^.2  at  Cambridge,  62°. 2  at  Plymouth  ; 
the  highest  at  Bolton  was  56". 6,  at  Wolverhampton 
57'.S,  at  Sunderland,  Preston,  and  Newcastle  ^^, 
The  general  mean  was  60".  2. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  28°.6  at  Wolver- 
hampton ;  30°  at  Truro,  3i°.6  at  Nottingham  ;  the 
lowest  at  Liverpool  was  40*. 8,  at  Sunderland  39°, 
at  Leeds  and  Preston,    37".     The  general  mean  was 

34°.  S- 

The  greatest  ranges  were  33°  at  Cambridge,  32 
at  Truro,  30^.3  at  Brighton;  the  least  ranges  were 
I8^9  at  Liverpool,  19°  at  Sunderland,  21°  at  Preston, 
The  general  mean  was  25°. 7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
at  Truro.  59°. 9,  at  Cambridge  59*  7,  at  Brighton  and 
Bristol  57^7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton  and  Bradford, 
53'*-9.  at  Wolverhampton  54°  The  general  mean  was 
56^2, 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  45°.3,  at  Blackheath  43*.3, 
at  Plymouth  43*.2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, 37". I,  at  Bolton  38". 6,  and  at  Bristol  40°.6. 
The  general  mean  was  42". 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
18°. 9,  at  Bristol  I7''.  I,  at  Truro  17°;  and  was  least 
at  Preston,  10*. 5,  at  Liverpool  Il^  at  Sunderland 
11''. 7.     The  general  mean  was  14°. 2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton, 
50*. 4,  at  Truro  50*.2,  at  Plymouth  49°.2  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  44*.  3,  at  Bolton  45",  at 
Bradford  46^7.     The  general  mean  was  48*. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  falls  were  1.48  inch  at 
Bolton,  1. 21  inch  at  Preston,  1.06  inch  at  Bristol  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.40  inch  at  Sunderland, 
0.41  inch  at  Cambridge,  0*46  inch  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton.    The  general  mean  fall  was  o  72  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  3,  the  highest  temperature  was  58°. 5, 
at  Penh  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
55*.2.     The  general  mean  was  56". 7, 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  26',  at 
Glagow  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
36*.2.     The  general  mean  was  3l''.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
48^.6;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  47''. 2.  The  general 
mean  was  48°. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  3.05  inches  atGreenock, 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.74  inch,  at  Aberdeen.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.32  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Variorum. 

Lord  Shaftesbury.— The  Dean  of  Westminster 
sends  to  the  Times  a  word  in  season,  in  the  shape  of 
an  epigram  by  his  predecessor  on  **  the  great 
Christian  philanthropist"  just  lost  to  us.  The 
following  note  from  Lord  Shaftesbury  himself  is 
appended  to  it  : — 

"  I  had  written  to  Canon  Conway  to  say  that  he  had 
better  find  some  new  and  younger  chairman  for  the 
annual  flower  show  in  Dean's  Yard,  adding,  that  I  was  in 
the  condition  of  a  tree  which,  as  Lucan  says,  '  casts  a 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


475 


shadow  no  longer  by  its  leaves,  but  only  by  its  stem.' 
He  sent  tlie  note  to  the  Dean,  who  returned  it  with  the 
verses  below.  I  knew  that  the  Dean  was  very  kindly 
disposed  towards  me,  but  I  did  not  know  how  kindly." 

These  are  the  verses  : — 

"  Trunco,  non  frondibus,  efficit  umbram.'* 
Well  said  old  Lucan  :  often  have  I  seen 
A  stripling  tree  all  foliage  and  all  green  ; 
But  not  a  hope  of  grateful  soothing  shade. 
Its  empty  strength  in  fluttering  leaves  displayed. 
Give  nie  the  solid  trunk,  the  aged  stem 
That  rears  its  scant  but  glorious  diadem  ; 
That  through  long  years  of  battle  or  of  storm 
Has  striven  whole  forests  round  it  to  reform  ; 
That  plants  its  roots  too  deep  for  man  to  shake, 
That  litis  its  head  too  high  for  grief  to  break. 
That  still,  through  lightning  flash  and  thunderstroke. 
Retains  its  vital  sap  and  heart  of  Oak. 
Such  gallant  tree  for  me  shall  ever  stand 
.■\  grert  rock's  shadow  in  a  weary  land. 

A.  P.  S.,  May,  1S73. 
Pall  Mall  Gazelle,  Oclober  7. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Articles  i-or  Competition  in  Sal.\ds  :  Evquirin^^ 
Cluf.  If  you  were  to  put  up  for  competition  all  of  the 
items  named  in  your  list  you  would  certainly  run  the 
ri=k  of  getling  disqualified,  our  judges,  as  a  rule, 
recognising  only  such  vegetables  as  enter  into  the 
generality  of  English  salads,  and  these  are  few  enough. 
Your  list  does  not  contain  such  herbs  as  Tarragon, 
Chervil,  Chicory,  Celeriac,  Rampion,  blanched  Dan- 
delion ;  and  those  you  name,  amongst  others  that 
may  be  eaten  raw — viz..  Mushrooms,  Beans,  Polatos, 
Globe  Artichokes,  red  and  white  Cabbage,  Cauli- 
flower, Gourd  or  Marrow,  Salsafy,  Scorzonera,  Pars- 
nips, Turnips,  and  green  Peas  —  stand  in  need  of 
pickling  or  cooking  before  making  use  of  them  as 
salad  ingrtdients. 

Books  on  Fruit-tree  Pruning  and  Vine  Culture  : 
E.  W.  Serpen.  For  the  first-named  Du  Breuil  on 
Fruits  and  Pruning,  the  English  translation  of  which  is 
sold  by  Lockwood  &  Co.,  7,  Stationers'  Hall  Cou  t, 
Ludgate  Hill,  E.C.  ;  and  for  the  Vine,  Mr.  F.  A. 
Barron's  work,  The  Vine,  published  at  the  younial  of 
Horticullure  Office,  r?!.  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 

Colour  of  Wash  kor  Garden  Walls  :  T.  T. 
Some  warm  colour,  as  dark  red — anything  rather  than 
grey  or  stone  colour.  Do  not  let  the  surface  be  quile 
smooth,  as  rough-surfaced  walls  retain  the  sun's  heat 
longest. 


Erratum.— At  p.   443, 
Dictator,"  read  "  Corsi 


col. 


for 


'  Crosse's 


.  Dictator.' 


Fertilisation  :  A.  D.  IV.  Other  things  being  equal 
the  actual  number  of  s*?eds  produced  by  close  or  by 
cross-fertilised  plants  respectively  would,  no  dodbt,  be 
the  same,  but  in  practice  the  circumstances  never 
would  be  precisely  identical.  You  should  read  Dar- 
win "  On  the  Effects  of  Cross  and  Self  Fertilisation  in 
the  Vegetable  Kingdom." 

FuNm  ;  A.  B.  VV.  i,  Polyponis  versicolor  ;  2,  the 
same  ;  3.  Xylaria  hypoxylon.  The  other  two  species 
are  not  in  a  fit  condition  for  naming.  Correspondents 
who  send  fungi  for  naming  should  always  mention  the 
habiiat.    IK.  G.  S. 

Grapes  .Shanking  :  E.  .S'.  T.  There  is  nothing 
definite  known  to  gardeners,  or  scientific  men,  as  to 
the  cause  of  shanking,  as  the  berries  will  "shank" 
sometimes  on  Vines  that  are  apparently  in  the  highest 
state  of  vigour  ;  but  it  is  more  often  seen  when  the 
Vines  are  carrying  too  heavy  crops,  or  when  the  border 
in  which  they  grow  has  got  exhausted  of  some  essential 
constituents,  or  has  arrived  at  the  mechanical  condi- 
tion as  to  its  particles  that  prevents  the  rapid  egress  of 
moisture,  and  has  become  water-logged,  in  which 
state  of  the  soil  the  smaller  roots  and  rootlets  perish. 
This  state  of  the  soil  is  arrived  at  in  time  in  the  best 
made  artificial  borders ;  and  a  large  admixture  of 
manures  at  the  time  of  making  will  bring  about  this 
result  sooner.  Well-drained,  high-standmg  borders 
of  not  more  than  2>  feet  in  depth,  and  composed 
mainly  of  turfy  soil,  not  much  broken  up,  and  contain- 
ing a  liberal  addition  of  bones  (crushed),  charcoal,  and 
finely  broken  lime  rubbish,  will  usually  grow  the  Vine 
perfectly.  In  such  borders  the  watering  of  the  soil  is 
quite  under  control  ;  and  if  the  borders  are  made  with 
some  means  of  throwing  off  heavy  autumnal  rains  on 
those  portions  in  which  are  Vines  carrying  Grapes, 
there  ought  to  be  the  minimum  of  loss  from  the  malady. 
Rain  falling  for  lengthened  periods  on  Vine  borders, 
where  the  crop  is  gathered,  and  which  it  is  not  intended 
to  force  early,  does  good  rather  than  harm — provided, 
of  course,  the  soil  is  not  adhesive,  or  the  drainage 
defective. 

Hop-DOG  ;  G.  Harris.  This  is  the  caterpillar  cf  the 
moth  known  as  Dasycheira pudibunda,  figured  in  Miss 
Ormerod's  Manual  if  Injurious  Insects.  What  the 
Hop-cat  and  Land-measurer  may  be  we  do  not  know. 

Laurel  Berries  :  f.  P.  If  you  mean  the  berries  of 
the"  Cherry  Laurel,  they  are  no  more  poisonous  than 
Cherries  are.  This  so-called  Laurel  is  indeed  only  an 
evergreen  Cherry.  The  berries  of  the  true  or  Bay 
Laurel  are  also  harmless. 


Names  of  Fruits  :  Captain  Titbetts.  i,  Glou  Mor- 
9eau  ;  2,  Emille  d'HeysL  —  D.  Walker.  l,  not  recog- 
nised ;  2,  Beurrd  Superfin  ;  3,  Zephirin  Gregoire  ;  4, 
Beurre  d'Amanlis  ;  5.  Fondante  d'Aulomne  ;  6,  Qlou 
Morceau.  —  0<7^7fc/i/.  i,  2,  not  recognised  ;  3,  Fon- 
dante d'Aulomne  ;  4,  Reurri!  d'AmanUs  ;  5,  Knight's 
Monarch  ;  6,  Doyenne  da  Cornice.  —  Old  Subscrilier. 
I,  Marechal  de  la  Cour  ;  2,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme  ; 
3,  Bsrgamotte  d'Esperen  ;  4,  Doyenne  d'Alen9on  ;  5, 
Beurre  de  Capiaumonl  ;  6,  Josephine  de  Malines.  — 
A.  M.  I,  Passe  Colmar;  2.  Beurri  Superfin  ;  3,  Du- 
chesse d'Angouleme  ;  4,  Emile  d'Heyst  ;  S.  Mare- 
chal de  la  Cour;  5,  Grosse  Calebasse.— IK  A.  B. 
Apple:  Golden  Reinette  ;  Pears:  2,  Vicar  of  Wink- 
field  ;  3,  Allhorp  Crassane  ;  4,  Beurr<;  Clairgeau  ;  5, 
Marechal  de  la  Cour  ;  9,  Easter  Beurri  ;  10,  Winter 
Nelis  ;  II,  .Marie  Louise  ;  12,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme  ; 
13,  Gansell's  Bergamot ;  14,  17,  Marie  Louise  ;  15, 
Beurre  Did  ;  18,  20,  Beurrci  Ranee  ;  19,  Beurre  Diel ; 
21,  Catillac  :  22,  Beurr(5  Bosc.  This  is  far  beyond  our 
stipulaufd  number  of  six  sorts  at  a  time.  —  Gustav  R. 
Le  Dou.r.    Apples  :  i.  Winter  Strawberry  ;  2.  Margil  ; 

6,  MinshuU  Crab  ;  7,  Bedfordshire  Foundling ;  8, 
Manks'  Codlin  ;  9,  Worcester  Pearraain  ;  10,  Ware- 
ham  Russet  ;  11.  Dumelow's  Seedling  ;  12,  Braddick's 
Nonpareil  ;  13,  Gloria  Miindi ;  14,  Scarlet  Nonpareil. 
Pears :  6,  Calebasse  Bosc  ;  7,  12,  14,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey  ;  8,  Beurre  Bosc ;  9,  Beurri5  d'.^manlis  ;  13, 
Beurre  Clairgeau  ;  15,  Beuire  Defais.  Far  in  excess 
of  the  stipulated  number  {six).—F.  &•  A.  D.  if  Sons. 
Your  Apple  is  the  Trumpingion,  or  Delaware.  — yowcr, 
Craig-y-Nos.  The  nunilx-rs  pinned  on  to  the  fruits 
were  all  torn  off  when  they  were  received,  so  that  we 
cannot  identify  any  of  tlie  fiuits  sent.  Why  could  you 
not  wrap  each  sort  separately  in  paper?  —  y.  Rose. 
Apple  sent  as  King  of  the  Pippins  is  more  hke  Em- 
peror Alexander.  The  seedling  Apple  is  inferior  to 
hundreds  of  others  in  cultivation.  —  7.  M.  L.,  Ayr- 
shire. I,  King  of  the  Pippins  ;  4,  Dumelow's  Seed- 
ling ;  9,  Manks'  Codlin ;  10,  Ringer ;  14.  Keswick 
Codlin  ;  16.  Emperor  .Vlexander.  We  are  unable  to 
give  the  names  of  the  others,  as,  the  numbers  being 
simply  pinned  on  to  the  fruit,  and  carelessly  packed 
without  a  morsel  of  paper,  became  detached,  so  that 
we  could  not  tell  to  which  they  belonged.  You  should 
pack  your  fruit  with  more  care,  and  send  better  ex- 
amples.—.4.,  Hollcnaay.  7,  8,  Beurr6  Diel  ;  11,  Glou 
Morfeau  ;  15,  Thompson's.  Others  not  recognised. 
—D.  J.  3.  Rynier  ;  4,  .\dams'  Pearmain  ;  7,  Drap 
d'Or.  Others  not  recognised.  We  find  the  fniits 
grown  in  your  district  very  tlifticult  of  recognition. — 
J.  D.     Not  known. 

Names  of  Plants  :  7.  P.  Your  branch  looks  like 
Picea  orientalis,  but  wc  cannot  be  certain,  as  it  may  be 
only  a  form  of  P.   excelsa.    the  common   Spruce. — 

7.  P.  B.  I,  Acer  Pseudo-Platanus  ;  2,  Acer  pla- 
tanoides  ;  3.  Chionanlhes  virginica. — Barr  6»  Son. 
Specimen  insufficient.- J.7f;r»j.  Oncidium  heteran- 
thum.  —  If.  Barley.  Phytolacca  decandra  (Poke- 
weed).—//.  H.  Chrysanthemum  (Pyrethrum)  uligi- 
nosum  and  Physostegia  virginiana. —  W.  H.  i,  Eria 
Dilwynii ;  2.  Vanda  Roxburghi.— A'o  Name  (flower  in 
a  match-box).  Odontoglossum  tripudians.— Z?.  P.  In 
the  absence  of  foliage  we  suppose  it  to  be  Gesneriflora. 
— H.  G.  Jones.  Varieties  ot  the  Sweet  Chestnut. — H. 
7.  R.  You  can  continue  to  send.  We  cannot,  how. 
ever,  determine  the  Angra;cum  from  the  drawing  of 
the  leaf. 

Orchids  :  Peler  Massey.  The  Lycaste  Skinneri  is  not 
extraordinary  for  either  form  or  colouring,  but  it  is 
flowering  unusually  early.  The  Dendrobium  is  longi- 
cornu,  a  form  of  infundibulum. 

Orchid  :  R.  A.  Your  plant  is  what  is  supposed  to  be 
D.  Brymerianum,  but  it  is  not  possible  to  be  sure 
about  it.  Cleistogamy,  of  which  your  specimen  is  an 
example,  means,  as  you  suppose,  close-fertilisation  in 
the  bud,  and  consequently  independently  of  insect 
agency. 

Pansies  :  7.  IK  It  is  quite  impossible  for  us  to  name 
your  Pansies  shrivelled  as  they  are  beyond  recognition. 
You  should  take  fresh  specimens  to  some  dealer  or  to 
a  Pansy  show. 

Peppermint  Growing  ;  H.  A'.  We  do  not  know  ol 
any  treatise  on  Peppermint  cultivation  for  distilling 
purposes.  The  roots  may  be  planted  early  in  the 
spring-time,  before  growth  h.is  begun,  in  well-manured 
ploughed  or  dug  land.  It  is  as  well  to  plant  it  in 
beds  of  3  y.ards  in  width,  for  convenience  in  cutting 
the  crop.  The  plants  are  usually  inserted  in  lines 
15  inches  apart,  the  plants  standing  at  9  inches  apart 
in  the  row.  In  the  second  year  all  will  have  run 
together.  The  crop  is  cut  just  before  the  bloom  is 
fully  open,  and  can  be  mown  or  cut  with  a  bagging- 
hook.  For  several  years  winter  dressings  of  rotten 
manure  or  nitrates  may  be  given,  but  after  the  lapse  of 
four  or  five  years  replanting  on  new  ground  will  be 
found  necessary.  Damp  localities,  where  no  stagnant 
water  is  found,  are  best  for  its  cultivation. 

Potato:  W.S.  Many  thanks;  such  cases  are  common. 
There  is,  however,  no  real  increase  of  substance,  as 
the  new  growths  are  simply  developed  from  the  stores 
in  the  old  tuber. 

Seedling  Begonias  :  E.  F.  F.  &•  Sons.  The  blooms 
were  brilliant  in  colour,  and  of  a  large  size,  but  in 
nurseries  where  the  tuberous  Begonia  is  made  a 
special  culture  there  are  numbers  equally  good,  and 
some  superior  as  regards  size  of  bloom. 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia  :  Quinton  Read.  Alone  it  is 
not  good,  but  mixed  with  kainite,  other  mineral 
manures,  or  bone-dust,  it  is  useful  for  fruit  trees.  Mr. 
J.  Willis,  of  Harpenden,  would  give  you  the  propor- 
tions to  use. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED, 

Benjamin  R.  Cant,  Colchester— Roses. 

N.  Gaucher,  Stuttgard— Illustrated  and  Descriptive 

Catalogue  of  Fruits. 
.■\ndr4  Lerov,  Angers  (Maine  et  Loire)  —  Fruit  Trees, 

Deciduous  and  Coniferous  Trees,  Rhododendrons, 

Shrubs,    Vines,    &c.  ;    also    Extract    from   General 

Catalogue. 
William  Rumsey,   Waltham  Cross,    N.— Roses  and 

Fruit  Trees,  &c. 
W.  R.  Proctor,  Ashgate  Road,  Chesterfield— Roses. 
Dammann  &  Co.,  San  Giovanni  a  Teduccio,  Naples 

— General  Seed  Catalogue. 
Richard    Smith    &    Co.,    Worcester  — Catalogue  o 

Forest  Trees,  &c.,  Roses,  Alpine  Plants,  Bulbs,  and 

Dutch  Flower  Roots. 


•oMMU.-jicATio.\s  Received:— T.  Christy  S:  Co.— Prof.  Max 
Corim  (a  letter  will  follow).— J.  D.  H.-G.  Kich.irtis  Jiilnn 
—  R.J.  Lynch.  — J.  R.  —  R.  D.  Blackmore.  —  J.  Van  de 
Sw.iclman  (you  v/ould  have  to  send  to  Japan  for  the  book).— 
Id.  P.irry,  Ghent -D.  T.  F.-J.  Day.-A.  B.-Bcrw.ck.— 
Troughton.-W.  C.  &  Sons.-J.  B.-E.  W.  S.-C.  L.  P.- 
Sutton &  Sons. 


MARRIED.— In  the  Free  Church  Manse  of  Mayfield 
Newington,  Edinburgh,  on  the  26th  ult.,  by  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Davidson,  Alexander  Tait,  son  of  the  laie 
Alexander  McQuhire  Tait,  foreman  at  Messrs.  Dicksons' 
Nurseries,  to  Mary  Hornsby,  daughter  of  James 
Hornsby,  Builder,  Gatehouse,  parish  of  Girthon 
Stewanry  of  Kirkcudbright.  (Dumfries  and  Galloway, 
please  copy.) 


larkets* 


CO  VENT    garden;     October    S. 

ITnii    subjoined  reports  are   furnished    to    us   regularly   every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.     It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  cuides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.   Ed.] 
Heavy    supplies  of    Grapes    continue   to   reach  us, 
causing  the  prices  to  keep  low.     Cobs  inclined  to  fall  in 
price.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  .'^farket. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholes.\le  Prices. 


Apples,  per  %■•. 


Da 


IS.  ^-i 


Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Keui  Cobs,  100  1 
Kent  Filberts,  lo 
Lemons,  per  case 


Vegetables.— Ave 


Melons,  each  . .  ( 

Peaches,  per  doz.  . .  ■ 
Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b.   : 

—  St.  Michael,  each  ; 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .  c 

-perK-sieve      ..    : 

ICE  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,      Globe, 

per  dozen  . .  ..50- 

Aubergines,  each    ..04- 
Beaiis,  Eng.,  per  lb.  o  4- 
—  French,  per  lb...  o  6- 
Beet,  per  dozen       ..,10- 
Brussel  Sprouts,    lb.  o  4- 
Cabbages,  per  dozen' i  6- 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  o- 
Cauliflowers,       Eng- 
lish, per  dozen 
Celery,  per  bundle 
Cucumbers,  each 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Garlic,  per  lb. 


Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o  2- 
Horse  Radish,  bun.  3  o- 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz.  2  o- 
Mint,  green,  buoch..  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  basket  1  o- 
Onions,  per  bushel. .  3  6- 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  6- 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .  o  4- 
o-  ..     I  Radishes,   per  dozen   i  o- 

Small    salading,    per 
0-40         punnet       . .  ..04- 

6-26  Spinach,  per  bushel  4  o- 
4-08  Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  o  6- 
o-  ..  Turnips,  bunch 
6-  ..     I  Veget.   Marrs., 


Potat 


,ch  o  3- 
to  Zos. 


Pots.— Average  Whol 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  < 
Arbor-vitae   (golden), 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  < 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen..  9  0-18  » 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  0-12  i 
Htjuvardia,  dozen  ..  12  0-18  < 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  . 
Cypcrus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  i 
DraCEcna   terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  .  -  30  0-60  1 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  1 
Erica,  various,  doz.  9  0-12  i 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-18  1 

Evergreens,  in  var.. 


Asters,  12  bunches.. 
Azalea.  12  sprays  .. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 


Ficus  elastica,  each..  1 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  < 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  per  dozen  6  1 


Lilii 

—  longifolii 
Marguerite 

Myrtles,  per 
Palms      in 


,   per 


12  bin: 


jblo^ 
Camellias, 
Chrysanth.,  i 

^12  bunches        .. 
Czar,  French,  bunch 
Eucharis,    per  dozen    . 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  20-4 
Lapageria,  white,  11 

blooms      ..         ..20-3 
—  red,  1 2  blooms  - . .   10-2 


ibllT 


:  Wholesale  Prices. 


Lilium    longifli 

Mignonette,   12 
Parme,  Fr.,  bunch 
Pelargoniums,  per  ; 


bun. 


—  scarlet,  iz  trusses  t 
13  o  I  Rhodanihe,  12  bun.  ( 
I  3  I  Roses  (indoor),  doz.  i 
Stephanotis,  12  spr..  ; 
Tropseolum,  iz  bun.  : 
Tuberoses,  12  blms—  .c 
Violets,  J2    bunches  c 


476 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1885. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct.  7.— But  very  little  business  was  trans- 
acted on  the  seed  market  to-day,  the  attendance  being 
poor.  There  is  no  change  to  be  noted  with  regard  to 
values.  Red  Clover  seed  has  become  quiet.  Inquiries 
for  Trifolium  have  now  ceased.  Less  money  is  accepted 
for  winter  Tares.  Sowing  Rye  sells  at  former  figures. 
Canary  and  Hemp  seed  are  both  rather  dearer.  For 
blue  Peas  the  demand  is  small.  Haricot  Beans  are 
good  and  cheap.  The  tendency  in  feeding  Linseed  is 
still  in  favour  of  holders.  John  Shaw  &*  Sons,  Seid 
Merchants.  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


CORN. 


At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  English  Wheats  were  very 
irregular,  from  want  of  condition.  Foreign  was  held  for 
rather  stiffer  rates,  which  checked  business.  Flour  was 
fully  steady  in  value,  with  some  enquiry.  Fine  malting 
Barley  was  scarce,  but  secondary  and  inferior  kinds  were 
plentiful,  and  15.  to  2J.  lower ;  grinding  descriptions 
were  steady.  Beans  and  Peas  continued  without  quotable 
change.  American  Oats  were  3<i'.  to  61/.  lower,  and  lite 
general  demand  dull. — OnWednesdaybusiness  inWheat, 
whilst  limited,  was  at  quite  Monday's  value.  Flour  was 
firm,  wiih  a  moderate  enquiry.  Malting  Barley  of  fine 
quality  continued  firm,  but  secondary  grades  drooped  in 
value  ;  grinding  kinds  were,  steady.  Beans  and  Peas 
have  sold  without  alteration  in  value.  Oats  met  a  quiet 
demand,  but  firm  rates  had  to  be  paid.  For  Maize 
prices  were  against  buyers. — Average  prices  ot  corn  for  the 
week  ending  Oct.  3  : — Wheat,  30J.  f>d.  ;  Barley,  3U.  \d.  \ 
Oats.  19J.  \d.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  : 
—Wheat,  32i.  4^.  ;  Barley,  31J.  9^.  ;  Oats,  19^. 


CATTLE. 


At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  in  the  beast  market 
our  top  quotations  were  reduced  zd.  to  40'.  per  8  lb. .  but 
in  the  general  trade  the  reduction  was  ^d.  Sheep  were 
equally  difficult  to  sell,  and  depressed  -zd.  to  ^d.  per 
8  1b.,  many  remaining  unsold  at  a  late  hour.  The  calf 
trade  was  very  dull,  and  quotations  here  also  have  to  be 
reduced.  Reports  of  the  pig  trade  were  not  worse. 
Quotations  : — Beasts,  35.  6d.  to  4^.  4^.,  and  4J.  td.  to  5y. ; 
calves,  English.  4^.  to  4J.  bd. ;  Irish,  2j.  to  2J.  4*/  ;  sheep, 
31.  8(/.  to  4-r.  a*/.,  and  4J.  %d.  to  5J.  id.;  pigs,  4'.  to 
^.  Zd. — Thursday's  trade  was  dull  in  tone,  with  a  weak 
tendency.  For  beasts  Mondays  prices  were  only  main- 
tained with  difficulty.  For  sheep  the  demand  was  in- 
active at  weak  currencies.  Calves  were  quiet,  and  pigs 
were  rather  steadier. 


HAY. 

Tuesday's  Whitechapel  Market  report  states  that  there 
was  a  rather  large  supply  on  sale.  Trade  was  quiet  at 
the  following  prices  : — Prime  Clover,  950J.  to  was.  ; 
inferior,  60s.  to  901.;  prime  meadow  hay,  6oj.  to  92J.; 
inlerior,  40J.  to  tos,  ;  and  straw,  291.  to  38J.  per  load. 
—On  Thursday  there  was  a  fair  supply  on  sale.  The 
trade  was  very  dull,  especially  for  Clover,  and  prices 
were  with  difficulty  maintained. 


FRUIT,  ROOTS,  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London).  —  Moderate  supplies  of 
fruit  and  vegetables  ;  trade  fair  ;  prices  moderate.  Potato 
trade  better  ;  prices  higher.  Quotatations  : — Damsons, 
6j.  to  9^.  per  sieve  ;  Apples,  2^.  to  31.  6/.  per  sieve  ; 
Pears,  31.  to  3^.  dd.  per  sieve  ;  Tomatos,  7J.  to 
7J.  bd.  per  box  ;  Cabbages,  45.  to  6s.  per  tally  ;  Scarlet 
Beans,  35.  to  5^.  per  sieve  ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  3^.  6</. 
per  dozen  ;  bunch  greens,  25.  to  41.  per  dozen;  ditto 
Turnips.  31.  to  4J.  per  dozen  ;  ditto  Carrots,  \s.  6d.  to 
2S.  per  dozer.  ;  ditto  Parsley,  u.  to  is.  td.  per  dozen  ; 
Beetroots,  21.  6d.  to  3J.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Celery,  lor.  to 
I2J.  6d.  per  dozen  bundles  ;  English  Onions,  y.  to 
3J.  6t/.  per  cwt.  ;  pickling  ditto,  3f.  6d.  to  45.  per  cwt.  ; 
foreign  Onions,  js.  6d.  to  Ss.  per  box.  Potatos  :  Mag- 
nums, 47i^.  6d.  to  8Qi. ;  Early  Rose,  50J.  to  60s. ;  Regents, 
55-t.  to  70s.;  Reading  Heros,  60s.  to  70^.  ;  Victorias, 
501.  to  60J.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  60s.  to  8oj.  ;  Champions, 
50T.  to  65J.  per  ton  ;  Carrots,  301.  to  50J.  per  ton. 

Stratford. — -There  was  a  good  supply  of  produce, 
and  a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the  following  prices  :— 
Cabbages.  3^.  to  5J.  per  tally  ;  red  Cabbage,  is.  per 
dozeit  ;  greens,  bunch,  31.  to  4.1.  per  dozen  ;  ditto,  cut, 
31.  to  4s.  per  tally ;  Scarlet  Runners,  51.  per  sieve. 
Potatos  : — Magnums,  45J.  to  65J. ;  ditto,  Champions,  605. ; 
ditto,  Roses,  40s.  to  50s.;  ditto.  Regents,  $os.  to  60s.  per 
ton.  Hay,  Clover,  75J.  to  iioj. ;  meadow.  60s.  to  goj. ; 
and  straw,  285.  to  36J.  per  load.  Oats,  161,  to  24J.  per 
quarter ;  chaff,  8oj.  to  lOOJ.  per  ton  ;  Turnips,  $os.  to 
80s.  per  ton  ;  Apples,  2J.  to  5^.  per  bushel ;  Onions, 
yos.  to  looj.  per  ton  ;  Spanish  Onions,  ys.  6d.  per  case  ; 
Carrots  for  cattle  feeding,  30-(.  to  325.  per  ton  ;  Grapes, 
6s.  to  75.  per  case  ;  Carrots  for  household,  40s.  to  50J. 
per  ton  ;  Tomatos,  6s.  to  8s.  per  case  ;  Walnuts,  2J.  per 
dozen  pounds. 

COALS, 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  : — Walls  End — Tyne  {unscreened),  tis.  ^d.  ; 
Hetton,  18s.;  Hetton  Lyons,  16s.;  Lambton,  ijs.  6d.; 
Wear,  i6s.;  South  Durham  Tees,  i6s.  2^.  ;  Tees,  i8j. 


Ghovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  99I  to  100  for  both  delivery  and  the  account.  The 
figures  of  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  were  100  to  looj  for 
both  transactions.  Thursday's  final  quotations  were  the 
same  as  those  for  the  two  preceding  days. 


s 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS  ROVAL   HIGHNESS  THE   PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15.COD   OF   THS    NOBIUTY,    GeNTRV,    AND   ClERGV. 

Is  extensively  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mi.vCure,  Free  to  all  Stations 

Non-Poisonoiis  Paints  for  Inside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patter m,  and  Tatimoviah,  Posl-'rtc. 

CARSON'S, 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  I.UDGATE  HILL, 

LONDON,  E.C.  ; 

21  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN. 

Diicouvt  for  Cash. 

Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing.   ^       .^  ^ 
TRONG     WELL- MADE      POTS 
for  the  above. 
Hyaolntlis  In  Pots. 

POTS  made  expressly  (or  HYACINTHS 
t.n  be  supplied  by 
I.  MATTHEWS.  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
PRICE    LIST    free. 

Roshers  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  mateiials  of  great  durability.  'I  he 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th«y  har- 
biur  no  Slues  or  Insects, 
lake   up   little    room,    and,  W 

further    labour  or  expense,  -'     ^ 

■grown"    Edgings,  COKeqtienlly  being  much  cheaper. 


KOSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Uppe 
Street,     Blackfriars,    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chelsea,     S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Aients  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  P.ATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illu.trated  Pnce  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c. 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  ot  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tdes 

of  aU  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SAND 

rice,  by  post,  per  Toi 


SILVER 
fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired, 
or  Truckload.  on   Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  d 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sampler  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Fernerie 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rales  in 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whaves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  \M.  per  foot,  in 
boxes  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c 
PATENT  NGN  POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6rf. 
per  lb,  or  431  per  t  *t  -  B  LAMB  AND  CO,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varni  h  Merchants,  Builders  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen    8,  Butknall  Stieet   London,  W  C 


)  feet  box< 


21-OZ    Foreign  of  the  above  SL 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities   always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar  current  sizes  of   16-OZ.   glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtamed  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  Jo:  n's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 

Slock  Lut  and  Prices  em  applkatwn.     CJuote  Chronicle. 


SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 

This  Varnish   is  the   cheapest    and  best 
covering  which  can  be  used  lor  all  outdoor 
purposes,  and    has  many  advantages  over 
till  paini.     It  is  applied  cold,  and  may  be 
—-.111)      l^id  on  by  any  farm  labourer  or  other  un- 
EPARp%     skilled  person.      U  diies  quickly,  giving  a 
lirT      r     hard,  btiUiant  polish,   and  looks  equally  as 
[Jt  Jl  IJi;     well  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  ihe  cost. 
PRICE  in  Casks,  containingnot  less  than 
9  gallons,   delivered    fiee  at    most    railway 
stations  :  —  Best    prepared   Jet   or    Black, 
I  J.  td.  per  gallon, 
all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing.  Gates, 
Poultry  Fencing,  &c.,  free  on  application. 

BAYLISS,    JONES,   k    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 


Catalog  u 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Vu-gin    Cork,     Raffia    Mats,     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustir 
Work,  Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AtJD  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to   their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  ;—       L  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p,^i,:.-     (       3  "o    o 
3-light  frame,  12  feet  by  6  feet  J-pases  free  \       S     5     o 
6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet )  t     10    o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    EC 


W     H     LASCELLES    and   CO     m  II    f.^^ 
every   des  iiption   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK    free  of 
charge   and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES  NEW  ROCKWOPK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside.  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings.  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  ttages, 
sent  post-free  on  applic 


T710R     SALE,   a    PEACH 

J-        00  feet   by    12  fee*    6  inches,     and     11 

Fiuit'lrtes  and  Pipine.  in  ihtee  compartmen 

L.  P.  FDWAKOS,  CinOiv  Court.  No 

RANGE, 

feet    hifeh,    vii  h 
s.     Apply, 
rihallerton. 

%i:ASSHeUSES8c«EftTi>Ki: 


B-W-mOc-RttU/RST 


3lA,  BKAreORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.|<>J^ 

r     -     -     -     '    '  '      "  ^^ 


'\t>, 


OOVEEED    SHED3    FOR    CATTLE. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  cvtensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenliouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 

at  extremely  moderate  prices. 


Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 
4-inch  EXPANSION- JOINT  HOT-WATER 

PIPES,  11.  srf.  per  yard  ;  3.inch  and 
2-inch  less,  Common  SOCKET  kind«. 
Large  stock  kept.  COIL,  FINSBURY, 
and  ECONOMIC  BOILERS,  &c. 

Illustratrated   LISTS  and  Piices,  a'so 
Estimates  to  Plan  free. 

kins  Pipe  Works,  Stourbridge. 

Trent  customer  slates,    "The 

id  htiings  i  got  from  you  three  or  four  >ears  ago  have 


HENRY  ROBINSON,  Sk 
August    24.    i88^-— Burton. 


„  ..til." 

Another  says  :— "  Kindly  send 
ing  Apparatus  of  same  kind 
Liitleover,  Derby,  August  ; 


8S5. 


and  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  EC. 


'  Raffia  Fibre. 

J     BLACKBURN   AND  SONS  have  a  large 
•     Stock,  and  are  offering  at  reduced  price;.     Samples  31  d 
particulars  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  E  C. 

Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Merchants. 
ATS    and   RAFFIA  FIBRE   supplied  at 

:esthin  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
ly  supplied.  For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 
MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,  and  9.  James  Street, 
]vent  Garden.  WC.  

Russian  Mats. 
BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  ofifering 

ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
present  orders.     Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
iGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 
4  and  5,  Wonnwooa  Street,  London.  E.C. 


M 


J. 


October  io,  i88j.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


477 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

vineries.  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  HousesT  «cc.,  consirocied  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utUity,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  01  worK, 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  desiened  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm 
from  the  smallest  to  ih.  large.!.     Hot- water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock.  ,  ,    „.     . 

Plans,  Estimatti  and  Catalogues  frie.     Customers  viattid  on  tn  any  fart  of  the  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  £cc. 

Pure  .ind  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  .ibout 

id.,    without    attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 

Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's — 

THOMAS    BOBEB.TS, 

112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  8.W. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

J        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Gfirdeners'  Magazine  says  : 
•aim  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  hrst  in  m 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-o 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G. 


&..  .- 
•t 

THE    IMPROVED 

This  useful  ^elf  acting  Apptritu*; 


any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  r 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishiuents, 
DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 
PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 
Steam  Power.  (Gardens,  &c. 

IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49a.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  54,1.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
.No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 


SELF-ACTING 

ind  ni^ht  i 


lOtive-power, 


HYDRAULIC 

thout  ne  d  ntj  itt  nt  i 
,'here  a  few  feet  fall  < 


RAM 


,  &c. 


No.  46a 


Farm  Buildings.  Railway  Static 
No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 
No.  54*.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed   (or    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 

No.  44.    WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  ol  all  sizes. 
No.    4.    CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 
No.  39*.  IMPROVED  HOSE  REELS    or  Coiling  up  Long  Lengths  ol  Hose  for 
Garden  v 


OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  lor  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS.  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS,  W.ARMING  APP.AR.\TUS.  B.\THS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  G.ASWORKS,  App.iratiis  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,   HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  fart  ot  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  furnished. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

w. 

RICHARDS, 

41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND, 

LONDON,     W.C. 

Please     send    me 
commencimr 


The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"     for . 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


1885. 
Mo7iths, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 


THE    UNITED    KINGDOM:— 12  Months,  £\  ^s.  \od.;    6  Months,  \\s.  \\d.\    3  Months,  6f.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  ^i  6.r.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  ^i  Is.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


478 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  io,  1885. 


THE  GARDENERS;^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 


Hlad  L 

4  Lines. ..£0    3 
5 


6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 


•  c/uir^ed  as  tlvo. 

15  Lines. ..£0  8 
09 
o  9 
o   10 


36  16 

40  17 

46  18 

50  19  ,.  •••  o  10  6 

56  20  „  ...  o  II  o 

60  21  „  ...  o  II  6 

6    6  22  „  ...  o  12  o 

70  23  „  ...  o  12  6 

76  24  „  ...  o  13  o 

80  26  „  ...  o  13  6 

'OK    KVERV    ADDITIONAL    LINE. 

If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charpe  will  be  30J. 

Page  {,9    °    ° 

Half  Page 500 

Column        ..350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHEKS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IJ.  id.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

TKESB    ADVERT1SEME[JTS    MUST    BE    PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advcrtiitn  are  caittiontd 
arnlnst  having  Litters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlumttes  ana 
returned  to  the  sender.  . 

Births.  Deaths  and  Marriages.  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  neon 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  i\   38.  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6S. 

Foreign   (exceplinE    India   and    China):    incUidine    Poslace, 

£1  6S    lor  12  Months  :    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

Pi'BLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Auvertisements. 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London.  W.C. 

BUY  ONLY  ENGLISH  WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.    4658) 
•■  LUD'-.ATE"  WATCH,  has    obtained  the  Highest 

Awardof. Gold  Miidal  at  the  Inventions  Exblbltlon, 1886 


£12  12s. 


The  "Ludgate  WatcH     la  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  my  best  London  make,  with 

"Special  StrengtH"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

Jeu'dhd  thrtnighout  in  7~i,bu's  -true  Chtonometer  l-.iLince— 
adjmUd  for  extremes  iviih  damp  attd  dust  proof  patent 
ringb.ind.  nnd  extended  barrel — massive  sterling  sillier  dome 
cases  with  crystal  glass  /ront,  which  combines  the  slrength 
of  the  HuQter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
li'ifids,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back: 

The  Immense  >uperiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the  •'  Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swiss  and  Ainerlcan  im.ide 

io  Imitation  of  and  sold  as  English)  and  to  the  UU  Full-plate 
English  Ltver  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  the  pieat  deftcls 
of  which  the  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt — is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MEDAL— ^^  only  one  adjudgid  to  English  Watches. 

T/u  '  Ludgate"  ts  of  better  quality  and  va:ue  tlian  any 
£,\o  ivatch  hitherto  make.  The  "  Ludgate"  is  my  best  London 
make—itrong,  handsome,  and  reliable—ivill  stand  the  hardest 
wear  and  roug/ust  usage,  and  is  tlurefore  the  best  watch  for 
Home,  Indian  and  Colonial  wear  by  Gardeners  (t^o,  i.  large 
size),  U'ofhnen.  and  Artisans  (No.  a,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
0_ffice's  and  Men  in  H.M.  serr>ices,  YouHts'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
small),  will  be  sent,  free  and  safe  at  my  *  isk,  io  all  parts  of  the 
world,  for  £5  6S.,  or  in  18-Carat  gOld,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  mzc). 

A  remittance  by  P.O  O..  Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 
SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.   W.  Bhnson   is  the  only  Maker 


cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  infriiieement  of  the  Patent  Kight-.  will  be 
procced-^d  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Kull-plate 
Engliih  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to   Her  Majesty  the  IJuee.i.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill.  E.G.  : 
And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W  .  London. 

Consequent  upon  iheaward  of  the  Gold  Mkdal,  the  demand, 
always  gteit,  has  so  increased  as  to  necessiUite  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  executO  all  Orders  for 

the  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  £3  t0;C5<»i  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret).  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  appUcaiion, 


H 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preservine  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


This  VARNISH  IS  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  p.iint  on 
all  outdoor  woik.  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sile.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  U'^ed  cold-  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
fiatiering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  (iasks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  td.  per  gallc 


.  %d.  per  gallo; 


lage  paid  to  any 


Testimonial. 

*'  Pierce  field  Park,  Jmie  21,  1876.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varniah  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varni>h  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am,  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  " 

C^d/7'/(9A^.-HlLt,&  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Custcm-rs  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  : 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  io  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca-k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates   &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queeu  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  ElmbaLk 
Street,  Glasgow. 


105,000  Accidents. 

For  which  Two  Million?  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  bv  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company.  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ;£25o.ooo;  Premium  Income,  i:235,oco. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M,  Farquhar,  Esc).  Apply  to  the  Cerks  at 
the  BaiUay  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


The  Laait 


ability,  a^id  appeirance.  we  can  most  stroigly  re 
lend  them.  .  .  .  They  combine  every  fta  u  c  of  exc^l  ence. 

:  the  Autumn  and  Winter.    Warm  and  Durable. 
DEVONSHIEE  SERGE 
SAILOK  SUITS: 

12  Blou.e,  Knickerbocker 
njulet.  ColUr,  Badge,  Liryri 
111     Whistle,    strong     qLi.tlil; 

from  75.,  Carriage  Paid 
It  and  satisfaction  guarantee 

or  monty  returned. 
(,  lis'  Naval  Costum 


o  V,j. 
A     Coi 


pric 


Caihmei 


1  Boys' 
id  Jer 
Ladi< 


,  Vel.i 


Dr< 


nl  Uniticlothing,  dii 
nr  factiries  at  astonishing  low   'J 
nice.  Wriieforlllu5tr.ated  Lists. 
Patterns  and  Mcisurement  Forms  post  free, front 

!  Uldland  Uanufacturlng    Company,   Dudley, 

paper. 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKIES 

{IRISH   and   SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  vears  old,  35.  td.  bottle  ;  421.  dozen. 
"  Special  Jury  "  W  luskey,  ^  years  old.  41   bottle  1  4S..  dozen. 

"Grand  Jury"  Whiskey ■[ ;3  5:--itj^;^-;l«;  ^-J- 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jur/  ol  the  excellence  of  hii  Whiskies  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  samvl;  botile  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  [art  of  the  United  KItieHom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    J  U  B  y ,    Belfast. 

^^^    '  GIRDWOOD'S       ^^^ 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

est  and  most  wonderful 
DISCOVERY. 

perfectly,    without 


til  such  dis 
Who. 


medic 

as     Bronchit 

Cough,     InSuenzi,      Hay- 
Fever,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

23.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  direciions  for  use. 
Sola  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  sent  dirsct  (whsre  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  who'esale  depol. 
Address— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD. 

.Patentee,  and  Sole 


Ma 


ufac 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER  APPARATUS. 


Price,  as  engravm^;,  ^...,..,..,,^1.  l^ej  .-.>;. ;,....:i.  is  feet  of 

4-inch    hot-walci  jjipe,  and  pateot  joints   complete,    £^  4r. 

Delivered  free  to  any  statioo.     Discouut  for  caih. 

This  is  the  simplest,  cheapest,  and  most  powerful  apparatus 
made.  It  requires  no  brick  setting,  no  stokehole,  and  no  hol- 
water  fitter  lor  fixing.  The  Boiler  stands  in  the  GIer^hous^ 
the  front  only  being  outside  and  flush  with  the  outer  wall,  so 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  itself  is  utilised. 

It  burns  over  12  hours  without  attention  at  a  nominal  cost. 

'Loughborough"  Boilers  to  heat  up  to  650  feet  of  4-inch 
pipe,  wuh  hot-water  oipe.  joirits,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 
Cost  of  Apparatus  COMPLETE  for  Greenhouses  as  below  :— 
ioby6ft..;t4  M  o|  15  by  9  ft-.  ^^5  »o  8  I  25  by  12  ft.,  ^-S  16  8 
17  by  8  ft.,  5  J  o  I  2oby  loft,,  6  o  o  [  41  by  16  ft.,  la  12  4 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.  Estimates  on  application. 
Ihe  measurement  of  Greenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 
is  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing. 
Ilhistraied  List,  withfuU particulars,  post  fie,\ 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-walerEngiiieers, 

^'wIeIc"!  LONDON    BRIDGE. 

O  POULTRY  PAY.?— 15S0  Eggs  laid  by 

Twenty-two  Hens  inlhe  Winter  Half.year,  Itom  Oclotcr 
to  April,  and  still  batter  in  Summer,  with  simp'est  management. 
I-'acts  fully  proved.  Stnd  One  Shilling's-worth  of  Stamps,  with 
stamped  directed  envelope  to 

Mr.  LOWER,  19,  Bath  Parade,  Cheltenham. 


Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 


HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Earlev,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  4i.  f^d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  ^s. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS,   By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  ri. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

HOW      TO      GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlev.    Price  ss.  stitched. 

CO.,     liouverie 


WANTED,  a  thoroughly  experienced 
WORKING  GARDENER,  well  up  to  Growing 
Cucumbers  and  Tomatos.  also  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Flowers 
for  Ma-ket.  besides  Outdoor  Work.  Must  be  steady  and  have 
gxid  references.  Wages  251.  per  week.  —  J.  GIBSON, 
Nurseries,  Ainsdale,  near  Soutjiport. 

THE  VICAR  of  ELING  WANTS  a  GAR- 
DENER, who  will  take  off  his  hands  his  Gardens. 
Orchard,  Croft,  Greenhouse,  &c..  with  cottage  for  residence  — 
Rev.  J.  CLARKE,  Vicarage,  EHng,  Southampton. 


WANTED,  a  FOREMAN  in  the  Houses. 
Must  have  made  a  specialty  of  Orchids,  and  under- 
stand Stove  Plants  and  Fruit.— Apply  to  J.  F.  SCHWANN, 
Esq.,  Oaklield,  Wimbledon. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN, 
strong,  single,  not  under  24,  who  thoroughly  under- 
stands treatment  of  (imported)  Orchids,  and  the  Propagation  of 
Hard-wooded  Plants,  and  who  has  had  experience  in  the 
Management  of  Kitchen  Garden,  Fruit  Houses,  and  Pleasure 
Grounds.  Wages  i8j,,  bothy  in  the  grounds,  with  sepaiate 
bedroom,  coals,  gas,  vegetables,  and  milk  when  convenient. — 
Apply  by  letter  only,  stating  age.  full  oarticulars  of  former 
siiuations,  and  il  out  of  emplovment,  THOS.  CHRISTV, 
F.L.S..  Malvern  House,  Sydenham,  S  E. 

To  Landscape  Gardeners 

MESSRS.  J.  VEITCH  and  SONS  wish 
to  ENGAGE  an  ASSISTANT  LANDSCAPE 
FOREMAN.  No  oie  need  apply  who  has  not  had  ptaciici 
experience  in  the  carrying  out  of  Ground  Works,  Planting.  &c. 
arid  it  is  also  de.irable  he  should  be  able  to  Prepare  Plans. — 
Apply  by  letter,  stating  experience,  references,  and  wages 
required.  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  King's  Road.  (_hclsea.  S.W. 

Landscape  Gardening-Ground  Foremen 

MESSRS.  J.  VEITCH  and  SONS  have 
OPENINGS  tor  TWO  or  THREE  suitable  MEN. 
Must  have  already  had  experience  in  working  from  Plans,  and 
must  be  able  to  Manage  Men  well.— Apply  by  letter,  stating 
experience,  references,  and  wages  reqjued,  to  Royal  Exotic 
Nuisery.  King's  Rord.  Chelse...  S.W. 

WANTED,  for  a  Scotch' Piovincial  House, 
an  experienced  WAREHOUSEMAN.-Apply,  stating 
age,  wages  expected,  &c.,  to  C.,  E.  Marlborough  &  Co.,  51, 
Old  Bailey,  London,  E.C. 


October  io,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


479 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.— It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number 0/ a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a partiailar  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  ?iames  are  not  forTJuarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S,  High  Holbotn,  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  I  hat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particiilars,  &c.— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
MclNiYKB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formation  and    Flanting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


S^-j 


GardenerB.  Farm  BalUffs,  and  Foresters, 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  id  a  posilicn  to 
1  RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  praciical  at  their  business.  — Full  paitictilars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers.  &c  ,  on  application. 

COTCH         GARDENERS, 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

GARDENER  (Head),  on  a  first-class  estate  ; 
any  lime  after  October.— Age  31;  seventeen  years' 
practical  experience  in  the  profession.  Wages  about  .^80  a 
year  with  house,  &c.— E.  C.  4,  Suuningdale  Vdlas,  Foskett 
Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  29  ;  fourteen 
years'  experience.  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  profes- 
sion, including  Orchids.  First-class  referenc  s  from  leading 
establishments.  —  CHARLES  SMITH,  36,  Kingsgate  Read, 
Kilbiirn,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head).— J.  Simpson,  Wood 
Agent,  and  Gardener  to  ihe  Eail  of  Wharnclifre. 
Wortley  Hall.  Sheffield,  can  confidently  recommend  his  Fore- 
man (C.  Russell),  who  has  been  with  him  over  eight  years,  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  good  man. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 
are  kept.-A  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  any  one  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man. 
Reference  permitted  to  the  Publisher  of  the  Garaeiiers  Chronicle. 
—A.  A.  D.,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head).  — A  Lady  can 
thoroughly  recommend  her  late  Head  Gardener  for  a 
first-slass  situation.  He  is  a  good  Manager,  understands  L;ind 
and  Stock,  as  well  as  First  class  Gardening.  Active,  energetic, 
and  trustworthy,  and  an  abstainer.  —  Apply,  by  letter,  to 
J  .H.  G.,  12,  Park  Road  Terrace,  Forest  Hill,  S.E- 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30,  married, 
one  child, — Col.  Gascoigne  wishes  strongly  to  recom- 
mend hii  Head  Gardener,  who  has  lived  with  him  six  years 
Thoroughly  understands  Management  of  Hothouses  and  all 
other  Gardening.  Near  London  or  Eastern  Counties  preferred. 
Disengaged  November  i.— A.  WIGGETT,  Col.  Gascoigne, 
Crowood,  Hungerfood. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),— Age  30, 
married  ;  sixteen  years'  practical  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  profession.  Three  years'  good  character.— 
R.  T.,  Combe  Lodge,  Half  Moou  Lane,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married  when  suited,  Scotch  ;  fourteen  years'  experience 
of  the  piofession  in  all  branches.  Can  be  highly  recommended. 
— R.   PHILLIPS,  The  Gardens,  Lockingtcn  Hall,  Derby. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working.— Age  49, 
no  family  ;  thorough  practical  experience  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession.  Land  and  Stock  if  required.  ExcelUot 
character.— J.  L.,  la,  Bertha  Road,  Greet,  Birmingham. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  more  are  kept, — Age  36,  married  ;  seven  years 
in  present  situation  :  highest  refeiences  as  to  character  and 
abilities— J.  TUl.E'lT,  Holme  Island,  Giange,  Lancashire. 

ARDENER  (Head  "Working).— Age  43, 

marled,  no  children  :  thoroughly  experienced.  Well 
up  in  all  branches.  Good  character  from  present  and  previous 
situations.— HORTUS,  Mr.  Wilson,  Victoria  Nursery,  Rom- 
ford, Essex. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35  ; 
Rood  practical  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  branches. 
Good  references.  Wife  good  Laundress  if  required,  or  couid 
Uke  charEe  of  House  in  absence  of  family.— A.  COLEMAN, 
Coshurst  Lodge  Gate,  Ore,  Hastings. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  four  are  kept.— Arc  26,  married  ;  well  up  in 
each  branch  of  the  profession.  Foreman  the  last  three  years  at 
a  leading  establishment.  Character  will  admit  of  the  strictest 
investigation.— C.  GREENFIELD,  Dood's  Road,  Reigate. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SiNGLi;  handed).  — Age  .7,  single  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced in  alt  branches.  First-class  references.— WHIDDON, 
Mrs.  Ashford,  Fore  Street,  Exnioulh,  Devon.  

C ^ARDENER  (Head  Working,  where  one 
T  more  is  kept,  or  good  Single-handed).— Age  30, 
married  ;  two  jcirs'  character,  seven  and  a  half  years'  previous. 
—  JAMES  GROUNSELL,  WaterlooviUe,  near  Cosham, 
Hants.  ^__^^ 

GARDENER  (Head,  or  Second  in  a  good 
establishment).— Age  27  ;  thirteen  years' go:!d  practical 
experience  in  all  branches.  Excellent  character  from  last  and 
previous  employers.— G.  H.,  'Ihe  Gardens,  Ockhaui  Park, 
Ripley,  Surrey. 

GARD&NER,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman. 
—  Experienced  in  all  branches.  Excellent  testimonials 
from  late  employers  as  to  ability  and  tiustworthiness.— W. 
COUZENS,  44,  Western  Rosd.  Tunbridge  Wells. 

ARDENER.— Age  30,   married,  one  cliild 

(age  4) ;  fourteen  years'  experience  in  all  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Five  years  in 
present  situation.  Highly  recommended. —  J.  P.,  Cedars 
Lodge,  The  Green,  Tottenham.  Middles'W.  

GARDENER  (General);  ff^e  32,  married, 
no  family.-STBinaN  Castle.  V  ist  Lynn  can  recom- 
mend  a  good  man  as  above.  No  objeclion  to  work  a  place 
where  surplus  product  is  sold.  No  Single-handed  place 
accepted. 

GARDENER,  where  two  are  kept,  or  good 
Single  HANDED. -Age  27.-0.  G.,  Clay  Hill.  Lamber- 
hurst,  Kent. 


/^ARDENER    (good    Single-handed).— 

^--^  Age  22,  single  ;  total  abstainer.  Twelve  years'  experi- 
ence in  all  branches,  one  year  and  seven  months  present  place 
Managing  Nursery;  all  Flowers.  Good  references.— W. 
GIBBONS,  21,  Pelham  Terrace.  New  Eihara,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
assistance  is -given. — A  Cje.ntle.man  wishes  to  recom- 
mend a  thoroughly  good  man  as  above.  Understands  Glass. — 
W.  B..  Eickley  Station,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED). — Marrieti  ; 
understands    Vines.     Good    relerences.— Address    letter 
only,  X.,  5.  Mount  Street,  Grosvenor  Square,  London,  W. 


GARDENER  (Second),  Inside  and  Out.— 
Age  26 ;  eleven  years'  experience  in  good  establish- 
ments. Two  years  in  present  situation. — A.  M,,  The  Gardens, 
Halstead  Place,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 


G 


ARDENER   (Second  or  Third),   where 

veral   are  kept.  —  Age  22  ;  under  Glass  preferred. — Well 
nded  by   Col.   FARQUHAR,  Park  Place,  Wickham, 


Ha 

ARUeNER    and    BAILIFF.  —  Age    37, 

married,  no  incumbrance  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
every  branch— Fruit,  Flower,  Plants,  Laying-oul  Grounds, 
&c.,  ;  also  Management  of  Home  Farm,  all  kinds  of  Stock, 
and  Dairy,  Twelve  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  highly 
recommended.— A.  OFFER,  Felcourt,  East  Gnnstead. 


STEWARD,  FORESTER,  or  GARDENER. 
— An  active,  intelligent  man,  thoroughly  practical  in  all 
branches  of  his  profession,  seeks  a  re-engagement.  Has  had 
great  experience  m  Forcing  Chuice  Fruits  and  Flowers  ;  also 
in  the  Management  of  Pleasure  Grounds,  Plantations,  Valuing 
of  Timber  ;  lias  jast  completed  the  making  of  extensive  Gardens 
and  Pleasure  Grounds  lo  meet  the  requirements  of  a  large  man- 
sion, and  has  under  his  charge  a  Farm  of  500  acres,  a  large  Herd 
of  Horned  Stock,  and  extensive  Dairy.— T.,  James  Carter  &  Co., 
Seedsmen  by  Appointment  to  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
237  and  233.  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


MANAGER,  or  FOREMAN,  in  Market 
NURSERY.— Good  Grower  of  Pot  Stuff  and  Cut 
Blooms.  In  large  busmess.-D.,  3,  South  Villas,  Rye  Road, 
Hoddesdon,  Herts. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN,  or  to  take~charge 
of  Small  Nuisery. — Seventeen  years'  practical  experi- 
ence. Wreaths.  Crosses,  Bjuijuets.  Cut  Flower,  and  Plant 
Trade  :  also  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  &c.  Good  refer- 
ences.—FLOKIS  J',  Park  Road,  Ayleslone  Park,  Leicester. 


NURSERY  FOREMAN,  near  Town  or  in 
Country. — Age  32  ;  good  Salesman  in  Market  or  Nur- 
sery. Thoroughly  competent  in  the  execution  of  Orders  and 
the  general  Work  of  a  Nursery.  Satisfactory  references. — F. 
DENSON,  20,  Blurlon  Road.  Lower  Clapton,  E. 

FOREMAN     (Indoor    and    Out),   in    a 
Gentleman's  establishment  —Age  23  ;  good  references.— 
R.  B.,  6,  Elgin  Terrace.  Maida  Vale.  N.W. 

FOREMAN  or  PROPAGATOR  (Working), 
either  Nursery  or  on  a  first-class  Estate.— Age  29.  single  ; 
had  great  experience  in  Orchids,  and  all  branches  in  Growing 
Indoor  and  Out;  also  in  Wreaihs,  Bouquets,  &c.  Highest 
testimonials.  — F.  K.  W.,  Gai.Ufuri  Chronkie  Office,  41 
Welhngton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

OREMAN      GROWER      and      PROPA- 
GATOR of  Roses,  &c..  under  glass,  also  Fruits,  Feins, 
>wering    Bulbs,  and  Plants  lor  cut  bloom      Long  experience 
Market    Trade;  single    Good  London  characters.— X.,  Mr. 


F 


Walter's,  East  Peckhai 


,  Kent. 


PROPAGATOR  (Foreman).— Long  experi- 
ence of  Grapes,    Cucumbers,    Tomalos,    Cut    Flowers, 

Plants  :   Market  or  otherwise.     Good   references T,  H.,  86, 

Hawthorn  Cottages,  Hawthorn  Grove.  Penge.  S,  E, 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Indoor).— Age  23  ;  seven 
years'  experience  ;  good  references  ;  near  London  pre- 
ferred—JOHN  WINSER,  Post  Office,  Plummer's  Plain, 
Horsham, 


PROPAGATOR  (Indoor),  of  Conifers 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  Clematis,  and  General  Nursery 
Stuir.— Good  references;  long  expel ience.—, Address,  stating 
terms,  to  A.  I!.,  lielle  Vue  Cottage,  St.  John's,  Woking.  Suirey. 

PROPAGATOR,  or  PROPAGATOR  and 

-JL  GROWER  for  Market.— Ace  29.  single  ;  sixteen  years' 
experience.  Has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  ihe  general  routine 
of  Cut  Flower  and  Plant  Trade.-B.  R.  E.,  The  Nurseries, 
Hook,  Surbiton,  Surrey. 

PROPAGATOR  and  PLANTSMAN,— Age 
25  :  nine  years'  experience.over  three  in  last  situation.  Good 
Northpreferred.— W.   P..  Allen's   Library, 
le,  London,  S.W. 


!j8.  Cold  Haibjur  Lane,  Cambe: 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Assistant,  Indoor),  in  a 
gocMl   Nursery. —Age    18;    active   and    willing.      Good 
character.  Wages  moderate. — A.  HILTON,  Barnham,  Bognor, 

JOURNEYMAN  (f ikst-cuss).— Age  25  ; 
open  to  take  the  charge  of  Plant  Department,  lor  which 
he  can  be  recommended  by  late  employer.  Ten  years'  experi- 
ence :  in  present  situation  filleen  m™ths.— J.  LIDDIARD, 
The  Gardens,  Brocklesby  Park,  near  Ulceby,  Lincolnshire. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in   the  Houses.— Age  26  ; 
has  had  gocd  experience.    Good  references.— J.   ROSE, 
Framsden,  btoneham,  Suffolk. 

JOURNEYMAN.— J,    McNair,   The    Gar- 
dens, Ham  Hall,  Ashbourne,  would  be  glad  to  secure  for 
a  pushing  young  man  a  situation  as  above.  —  Address  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses.— Age  20; 

t/  upwards  of  three  years  at  Chalswoith.  Good  reference. — 
H.  C,  Messrs.  Carter  &  Sou's,  56.  Humberslone  Gate, 
Leicester. 


TOURNEY<MAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  21.— 

O  H.  Loi  TH,  Gardener,  Syndale  Park,  Faveishim,  can 
strongly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above  ;  has  seived  on  these 
gardens  upwards  of  two  yeais. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment; 
age  21  — W.  BucGlNS,  The  Gardens.  Woodlands  Castle, 
Clonsilla,  Dublin,  caa  with  every  confidence  recommend  a 
young  man  as  abjve.      Has  served  in  these  gaidcns  for  the  past 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  no  objec- 
tion, however,  to  outside  woik  partially  :  age  21.— James 
Hudson,  Gunnersbury  House,  W.,  can  recommend  above, 
having  been  two  years  and  four  months  employed  under  him. 
Good  character  —J.  STENT,  4,  Wcsthall  Road,  Farmers' 
Road,  Camberwel.  b.E. 

IMPROVER.— A  Ladv  is  interested  in  a 
young  Gardener,  who  has  worked  in  her  Garden  for 
ten  years.  She  wants  him  to  work  under  a  first-class  Head 
Gardener  to  Learn  his  business  more  perfectly.  Excellent 
character.-Answer  to  Mrs.  W.,  Messrs.  Pawsey  &  Hayes, 
Hooksellers,  lp,wich. 

rpTo  ~N  U  RSERYMEN,— A    young    man 

JL.      (age    33)  seeks   a   siiuauon   in  a  Nursery  under   glass, 


ivhere  PUnts  are  Grown  extensively  for  Market.  Thoroughly 
experienced.  Lould  Manage  a  Small  Charge  and  proouce 
good  leterences.— A.  B.,  Nine  Elms,  Bellgrove,  Welling,  Kent. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  wanted,  by 
a  young  man  (age  20),  in  a  Nursery,  under  Glass.     Four 
years'  good  character.  —  R.  L.,  M.  Albery,  3,  Carfax,  Hv-rsham, 


s 


the 


Seed  Tiade 
HOPMAN   (Head),    or    TRAVELLER.— 

Twelve  years'  experience  in  all  department,  three  years 
with  last  employer.  Good  references. —  J.  C  2,  Merton 
Street,  Griinsbnry.  Banbury. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  19;  five  years'  experience. 
Good  character,- K.  K.,  Brookland  House,  Porten  Road, 
West  Kensington  Paik,  Lonion,  W. 

SHOPMAN,  or  Otherwise. — Age  30  ;  good 
all-round  knowledge  of  the  Seed,  Bulb  and  Florist  Busi- 
ness. Fifteen  years'  experience  tiood  le'erences. — A.  B., 
i.i.  Storks  Road,  Southwark  Park,  London,  S.E. 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  27  ;  eleven 
years'  experience  in  all  branches.  First-class  reference. 
— E.  F.,  Gardtiien'  Chronicle  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,     or     SECOND     COUNTER- 
HAND.  — Eight    years'    experience.       Well    up 
Relail  Seed   and  Bulb  Trade,     Will  be  strongly  recommended 
— D.  C,  Fletcher,  112,  Eglioton  Street,  Glasgow. 

SHOPMAN     (Assistant),     under     a    good 
Head. —Age  21  ;    good  knowledge  and   experience  in  the 
Trade  generally.— J.  B.,  29,  Finkle  Street,  Kendal. 

SHOPMAN,  or  A.SSIbTANT.— Age  21  ;  si.x 
years'  experience.     Good  reference. — J.  S  ,  Tbos.  Imtie 
&  Son;,  Ayr.  N.B. 

FLORISTS  and  SEEDSMEN.— Re-engage- 
nient  wanted  by  young  Lady  (age  34),  well  up  in  Making 
Wreaihs,  Crcs,es.  Bouquets.  &c.  Seven  years'  experience. 
First-class  references  irom  last  situation.—  K.,  11,  Rennell 
Street.  Lewisham,  S.E. 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Nervousness  and 
want  of  Energy. — When  first  the  nerves  feel  unstrung, 
and  listlessness  supplants  energy,  the  time  has  come  to  take 
some  such  alternative  as  Holloway's  Pills  to  restrain  a  diiordtr 
from  developing  itseU  into  a  disease.  These  excellent  Pills 
correct  all  irregularities  and  weaknesses.  They  act  so  kindly, 
yet  so  energetically  on  the  functions  of  digestion  and  a 


and  absorbent  systems  are  invigo  ated.  'Ihe^e 
Pills  are  suitable  for  all  classes  and  all  ages.  They  have  a  most 
marvellous  effect  on  persons  who  are  out  of  condition  ;  t.'iey  soon 
rectify  whatever  is  in  fault,  restore  strength  to  the  body  and 
confidence  to  the  mind. 


48o  THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.  [octobe.  .o,  .ssj. 

NATIONAL    PEAR    CONFERENCE, 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S    GARDEN,    CHISWICK,    W., 
OCTOBER   20  to   NOVEMBER   4. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY       Na.  XT,       OCTOBER       17, 


WILL  CONTAIN    A 


SERIES   OF   ORIGINAL   ARTICLES 


DEVOTED    TO 


PEARS  AND  PEAR  CULTURE, 

ACCOMPANIED     BY     NUMEROUS     ILLUSTRATIONS, 

Expressly  prepared  for  this  occasion. 


THE   ISSUES   FOR 


OCTOBER    24,    AND    FOLLOWING    WEEKS, 


WILL  CONTAIN  A 


FULL  REPORT  OF  THE  EXHIBITION  AT  CHISWICK, 

TOGETHER    WITH 

VARIOUS   ARTICLES,     COPIOUSLY   ILLUSTRATED, 


RELATING  TO  THE 


HISTORY     AND     CULTIVATION     OF     PEARS. 

AND  THE   DISEASES    (VND   INJURIES   TO   WHICH   THEY  ARE   LIABLE. 


NOTICE      TO      ADVERTISERS. 


V^p^utfV 


The  atlcntton  of  Advertisers  is    drawn    to    the  fact   that    these  Numbers  will   be   widely  circulated  among 

Landed  Proprietors,  Fruit  Growers,  Market  Gardeners  and  Far?ners,  throiighout  the  Kingdom. 

Subscribers  and  others  requiring:  Extra  Copies,  should  make  early  application  to  the  Publisher. 


W.     RICHARDS,     41,     WELLINGTON     STREET,     COVENT     GARDEN,    W.C. 

p^1!.°.h"'i  Comniinicatwns  should  be  addressed  lo  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  ..i,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
the  skid  Wm  ,  ,.m  B^^t"!  .„l'^"f  !l°^r;«  liv"  n°    ""=*'"■  Brauburv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 

Uie  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  4.,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.-SATURDAV,  dctobef  10,  1885. 

A«.at  for  Manchestcr-JOHK  Hevwood.  Agents  for  Scotland-Messrs.  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatiltsljeti  1841. 


No.  6i6.— Vol.  XXIV.  {series.}      SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  17,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  \      Price  6d. 
Post-ofl&ce  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  $\ti. 


CONTENTS. 


Agri-Horticurtural        So- 
ciety of  India    . . 
Cattleya  scita 
Chrysanthemum  G.  Wer- 
mig 

Chrysanthemums,  annual 
Covent  Garden  prices   . . 
Dendrobium  Parthenjum 
Devonshire  garden,  a    . . 
Oisa  macrantha  .. 
iLxhibition  of  Navigation, 
Travelling.  Commerce, 
and  Manufactures 
Flower  garden,  the 
Fruit       gathering       and 
storing    .. 

Hackney     Micriscopical 


International       Horlicul 

tural  Exhibit 
Le  Jardin  AU.in  d'Accli 

matation  de  G^ 
Lord    Sudeley   c 

holdings 


497.  498 


Larkspurs  . .         > . 

Masdeval  ia  senilis 
Pear  culture         . .      _   . . 

,,     growing      districts, 
notes  from  the  . . 

,.     root  pruning  of  the 


:of 


nfruitfu!ness  of  the     490 


,,     pruning  and  traiDing  481 

Petwoith  Park     ..  ■  ■  49- 

Provincial  exhibitions    . .  49I 

Royal  Horticultural  . .  50 

Woolhope  Club  . .  50 

Tenant's     greenhouse — is 

it  a  building?  ..  •  •  49 

Thladiantha  dubia  ..  49 

Trees  and  shrubs  ..  49 

Weather,  the        . ,  . .  50 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


t  Me: 


,  Bunyard  &  Co  "s        ..  ..  ..  501 

,  Formation  of  the    ..          ..          ..         ..  ..  ..  490 

r  trees,  Feurr^  Clairgeau,  Bush-training  ,.  ..  492 

„    at  Combe  Abbey,  Wall  Trees  496 

,,     Cordon  Arch     . .          . .         . .          . .  . .  . .  488 

,,     Espalier,  Training      . .          . .         . .  . .  500 

.,     Marie  Louise,  Columnar  Tra-ning  ..  ..  4S9 

on  Bothy,  Wall-tiained  ..  ..  496 

,,     M*  thods  of  Training  . .          . .          . .  . .  . .  503 


ned 


,.     Pyramid 
„     Renovating  Old 
■s,  Pot-culture  of 


497 


APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  behalf  of  Two  Sisters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72, 
who  have  hved  together  all  their  lives  (the  younger  has 
been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  but  the  leases  of  their 
property  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  have  vainly  struggled 
to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apartments,  the  little  money 
they  had  saved  being  now  quite  exhausted,  and  owing 
over  a  year's  rent,  make  this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save 
their  home  from  being  broken  up.  and  parting  with 
everything  they  possess.  Will  any  kind  Friends  help 
them  in  their  deepest  distress  ?  The  following  Persons 
have  kindly  allowfd  a  refeience  to  be  made  to  them, 
and  will  give  every  information  respecting  the  genuineness 
of  this  appeal  : — 

Dr.  MAXWELL  T.  M.\STERS.  F.K.S.,  41,  Wellbgton 
Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

Mrs.  DOWNING,  rg.  Lupus  Street,  Pimlico,  S.W. 
Mr.  J.  KEASLEV.  62.  Saltoun  Koad,  Bnxton.  S.W. 
Mr.  W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Sueet,  Strand.  W.C. 

Contribittioits  gratefully  received  and  th  ank- 
fully  acknowleaged  by  Mr.  W.  RICHARDS, 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE   OFFICE. 

TELEGEAMS. 

NOTICE    to     Correspondents,     Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. 

The    Registered    Address    for    Foreign 
and  Inland  Telegrams  is 

"  G  A  R  D  C  H  R  O  N, 
London." 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
'THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
■who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their    Copies    regularly,    are  particularly    re- 
quested  to  communicate  with  the  Publis/ur, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strattd,  IV.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready.  In  elotli,  163. 
'J^HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

i        Volume  XXII  I.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellinjton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


PARNATIONS    and    PICOTEES.—  First- 

yj  class  Cultural  Certificate,  Manchester,  1885.  All  the 
finest  named  >urieties  crown,  my  selection  for  cash,  ds.  per 
dozen.    Send^or  CATALO'JUE. 

R.  LORD.  Florist.  Holebottom.  Todmorden. 


QAPE 

Trade    Or 
Li^ts    on    appi 
selection,  from 

BULBS- 

Capetown  Bo 
jCi  upwa.ds. 

-CAPE     BULBS. 

anic  Gardens. 

vable   for  the  coming    seasoir. 

L- Collections  only,    our   own 

ED.  HUIT.  Sales  Dept. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,  Belgium,  offers 
to   the  Trade:— AZ.\LEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA.   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

PAUL'S  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Wal.ham  Cross  Statioir).  —  Purcha.-ers 
of  ROSES.  FRUIT  TREES.  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  bULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing. 


tihe 


from  Londo 


ck  at  the  Wall  hi 
iRa 


WM.  PAUL  1 


half 
Priced  CATALOGUES 
SON.Wahham  Cross. 


TPEARCE,  Florist,  Hayes,  Kent,  has  for 
•  Sale  a  quantity  of  NEAPOLITAN  VIOLETS— good, 
strong,  and  well  established  Plants,  in  bloom.  Price  on  appli- 
cation.    Remitrance  with  order.    On  rail  free. 


WHITE  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  in 
Bloom.  Splendid  Plants  of  Mrs.  Cullingford  and 
Madame  DesErange,  full  of  flower,  iZs.  per  dozen  :  twelve 
choice  varieties,  early  flawering  sons,  same  price.  Package 
(ree  for  rash  with  order, 

EDWIN  COOLING,  Derby. 


NEW    STRAWBERRIES.— Laxton's   King 
of  the  Earlies  and  The  Captain. — These  sterling  novelties 
can  with  confidence  be  recommended.     200  trade  and' market 
firms  already  supplied.     Strong  runners  now  ready. 
T.  LAX  TON.  Seed  Grower,  Bedford. 

WILLIAM  DENMAN,^SALESMAl7"and 
HoKTicuLTURAi.  Agent,  CoveM  (Sarden,  W.Chas 
now  a  DEMAND  for  EUCHARIS.  ROSES,  CALLAS, 
GARDENIAS.  GLADIOLI.  BOUVARDIA,  CHRYSAN- 
THEMUM, and  other  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity. 

M.     PERRY,   Jun  ,    Smilhfield    Market, 

Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CflNSIGM- 
MENTS  of  GRAPES,  TOM.ATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers'  and  Trade  references. 


Floral  CommlsBlon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  ;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C.  are  opjn  10  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  larce  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers'  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

SOUELCH  ^AND  BATrNHAM, 
Long  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C,  REQUIRE 
3  quanlity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  eood  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.&c. 

Q  Q  U  E  L  C  H         AND         bXr  N  H  A  M, 

^^     giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwaided  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

Wl  S  E  AND  R  I  U  E  S  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  dailv. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and   Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 

Market,  and  igt.  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London.W.C. 

Warrhoi'sk— 37.  Hart  Street.  W.C. 


WANTED,       HELLEBORUS      NIGER 
(Christmas    Rose)— roM    good    Clumps    for    Winter 
Blooming.     Ijiate  lowest  price  for  caFh. 

MILNE,  Florts',  New  Hampton.  Middlesex. 

WANTED,  a  few  thousand  stout,  well-eyed 
MANETTI  STOCK.     State  price  with  sample. 
H.     BENNETT,    Pedigree    Rose    Nursery,     Shepperton, 
Middlesex. 


WANTED,  DOUBLE  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSUS.-Advertiser  can  lake  10.000  or  rsooo  of 
pood  Bulbs.  State  lowest  cash  price  to  W.  M.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Offrce,  41,  Wellington  Strand.  W.C. 

ANTED,  ACORNS,  BEECH-MAST, 

and  Spanish  CHESTNUTS.    State  price  per  bushel  to 
JAMES  SMITH  and  SONS,  Darley  Dale  Ni 
Matlock. 


w 


ANTED,  the  "ORCHID  ALBUM,"  by 

B.  S.  Williams.    Second-hand,  in  g^od  preseivation. 
Apply,  stating  price,  to  9a  Letter  Box,  Dumfries. 


CONFIDENCE     CHESTER    is    now    our 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address  for  Telegrams  from  all 
parts.  I  AMES   DICKSON  &  SONS 

(Old  Established  Nursery  and  Seed  Business). 
CHESTER. 

TELEGRAMS. 
'•  WALLACE,  COLCHESTER."  is  now  the  Telegraphic 
Address  of  the  NE.V  PLANT  and  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

RICHARD    SMITH   AND   CO.i'^NuRSERV- 
MENand  Skeid  Merchants.  Worcester,  beg  to  announce 
that  their  Registered  Telesranhic  Addre.ss  is 

"SMITH.  WORCESTER." 

FECIAL  NOTICE.— To  prevent  confusion, 

we    have     now     Registered     our    Telegraphic    address 
■■  PARAGON.  NORTHAMPTON,"  instead  of  Perkinson,  as 
previously  advertised. 
THOMAS   PEBIKINS  and  SONS,    34,   Drapery,    North- 

ILIUM  AURATUM.— Fine,  large,  plump 

English-grown    Bulbs,  8.  10,  and  12  inches,  and  monster 
Bulbs,  14  to  15  inches  in  circumference,  now  readv. 

Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL.    Establishment  for   New  and  Rate 
Plants,  sjS.  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  London.  S.W. 


'^PEA     ROSES     in     POTS.— Thousands    to 

-*-      select  from.     The  beautiful  puie  white  Nlphetos,  full  of 
buds.  Marshal  Niel,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  and  others  ;  11s  ,  i8r.,  to 
36J.  per  dozen. 
F.  STREE  r,  Heatherside  Nurseries,  Faraboro'  Station,  Hants. 


AZALEAS,  grand  plants.  Double  White, 
20J.  per  dozen.  BOUVARDIAS.  fine  buAy  thnls, 
best  sorts,  255.  per  100  TREE  CARNATIONS,  very  fine, 
40J.  per  ICO.— W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 


D 


PALMS,  specially  Hardy  Grown  for  Cool 
Greenhouses  and  Dwelling-houses.-Latania  borbonica 
and  Seaforthia  elegans.  splendidly  foliaged.  zo  inches  high.  its. 
per  dozen  ;  sample  plants,  is.  ^d.  ;  same  kinds,  12  inches  high, 
25r.perioa;  sample  12  for  41.  All  packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
Postal  orders  to  GARDENER,  Holly  Lodgs.Slamford  Hill,  N. 

Notice. 

HLANE    AND   SON'S    New   Descriplive 
•     CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  RHO- 
DODENDRONS, Conifers,  Tiees,  Shrubs.  Forest  Trees,  &c , 
free  on  app'ication. 
The  Nurseries.  Berkhamsted.  Herts. 

YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  Histoty.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
OQ  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.   Price  is, 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covet.t  Garden.  W  C. 

OUBLE        AFRICAN        TUBEROSES. 

Splendid  quality,  20s.  per  100.  31.  6d.  per  dozen. 

Tracie  price  on  application. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W  C. 

LAURELS. — 2  to  3  feet,  extra  transplanted, 
very  bushy.  15^.  per  100.  jC6  per  looo.  The  finest  stock 
in  the  Trade.  For  other  sizes  and  General  Nursery  Stock,  see 
CATALOGUE,  post  free  on  application. 

R.    TUCKER,   The   Nurseries,    Fatingdon,    Btrks.     Tele- 
grami,  "Tucker.  Faringdon." 

Roses. 

W  GROVE,  Hereford,  offers  choice  and 
•  special  sorts  of  Marie  Baummn.  Ladv  Sh-tlield, 
Charles  Darwin,  Lamarque.  Celine  Foreotier.  &c  ;  sample 
dozen,  assorted,  41.  6J.  ;  A.  K.  Williams,  6s.  :  Merveille  de  Lyon 
and  White  Baroness,  7J.  6J.  per  dozen.     Trade  or  other  list. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  Trausplantine.  Prices  are  low.  Early  orders 
solicited  LISTS  on  application. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

Quality  filgb-Prices  Low. 
RUITING      TREES     in     POTS. 

GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS,    PEACHES.    &c. 

Well-trained    rees  for   walls,    with   fibrous  roots,    from 

Osborn's  stock. 

The  choicest  ROSES.       SEAKALE  for  Forcmg. 

Inspection  invited. 

WILL  TAVLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

ROUX    ET    FILS,   NURSERYMEN,    Valine 

d'Aulnay,  i  Chatenay,  Seine.  —  50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY-FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1867,  Prix  d'Honneiir,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle -^  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Croix  de  la 

t                  Legion  d'Honneur. 
CATALf^GUES  on  application. 

Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  also  FRUIT  TREES  of  all  descriptions 
in  large  numbe'S.     CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

CHARLES  TURNER.  The  Royal  Nurseries,  Sloueh. 

AMPTON      COURT      BLACK     HAM- 

BURGH   VINES.— Extra  strong   Fruiting  Canes  of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

''"t.°'JACKS0N  and  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 


F 


4?2 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


J- 


Dutch  Flower  Roots. 
C.     STEVENS     will    SELL    by 


JM     ATICTION     at    his   Great    Rooms.    38,    King    Strci 
6oVrn.  Ga"d»wt.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers     Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  hall-past  4  o  Olock. 
CaUlogues  sent  on  application. 


No. 


Tuesday  Next.- (Sal. 
6000  White  ROMAN    HYACINTHS,    4'-oo  TUBEROSES, 
5C»  While  ITALIAN  HYACINTHS,  500  IMANTOPHYL- 

LUMS. 
SEED5   choice  home-grown  LILIES.  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 

Mr'  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  as  above,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden,  \V.C.,  on  TUESDA  NEXT,  October  =.-, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No,  6998,) 
YALUABLE    IMPORTED    ORCHIDS, 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  22, 
Tf  h.jlf.r,-,ct  It  n'Clrrk  tireciselv.  bv  order  of  Mr,  F,  Sander,  fine 
taporta?i?ns  of  CATTLEYa'^DOWIANA.  C.  GASKELLI- 
ANA,  C.  DORMANIANA,  L/ELIA  PR/ESTANS.  CYPRI- 
PEDIUMSTONEI.STANHuPEAWARDII.ONCIDIUM 
MARSHALLIANUM,  SOPHRONITE'^  GRANDIFLORA, 
best  var  ,  ZVGOfETALUM  GAUTIERI.  Z  AROMATI- 
CUM,  C4LANTHE  VESTIFA  OCULATA  GIGANrEA. 
BIFRfNARIA  CORDATA,  LVCASTE  PLANA,  VANDA 
HOOKERI,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


M^ 


M^ 


Waltham  Cross. 

IMPORTANT    SALE    OF    WELLGROWN    NURSERY 

STOCK. 

To  Nurserymen,  Builders,  and  Others. 

ESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

;  instructed  by  Mr.  W.  Rumsey  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  ihe  Premises,  Joyning's  Nursery,  ten  m'"'; "J J  "='''' 
from  Waliham  Cross  Station,  G.  E.  Ry  ,  on  TUEiDAY, 
October  20,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  beauti- 
fully Brown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  is  in  excellent 
condition  for  removal,  including  3000  Aucubas,  1  to  3  '^'^^  I  V^^ 
Portugal  Laurels,  fine  specimen  Conifers,  loio  Floweiuig 
Shrubs.  500  standard  Flowering  Trees,  ;ooo  London  Planes, 
8  to  1  5  feet  ;  1500  Urnamental  Trees  of  sorts,  6000  standard  and 
dwarl  Roses  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  rooo  Roses  in  po-s,  lor 
forcing  ;  1000  Bouvardias,  in  iS-pots.  of  the  be.t  kinds  ;  ferns, 
and  other  slock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalog' 
of  the  Auciioneers  and  Valut 
London,  E  C, 

Lee,  SE. 

IMPORTANT  to  the  TRADE  and  PRIVATE  BUYERS, 

ESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

tucted  by  Messrs.  W.  North  &  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION, onihe  Premises,  the  Manor  Lane  Nursery  Lee  S^E^, 
about  a  mile  from  three  Railway  Stalijns.  on  WEUNEsUAY, 
October  2t,ati2  o'Clock  precisely,  a  laree  quantity  of  well- 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  2000  small  Aucubas  for 
pots  ;  4^0  fine  bushy  Laurels  of  sorts,  Irom  1  to  5  feet  :  icod 
oval-leaved  Privet,  4  to  s  feet;  5000  Irish  Ivies;  1000  Ivies  ot 
sorts'  4000  green  variegated  Euonymus  lor  potting;  3»o 
Currants  and  Gooseberries  ;  1000  Standard  and  Dwarf  Ro,es 
500  la.ge  Aucubas.  3  to  «  feet  high  and  through,  splendid  speci- 
mens ;  rooo  Hollies  and  Yews.  2  to  4  feet  ;  specimen  Conifers  111 
variety  ■  -coo  Erica  hyemalis.  gracili-,  caff,  a,  and  others,  in  48 
and  3i-pots;  and  other  MISCELLANEOUS  STOCK. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London.  F.C,  ^ 


M^ 


had  on  the  Premises,  and 
67    and     68,     Cheapside, 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No  6998.) 
CVPRIPEDIUM  GODEFROY/E,  grand  specimen. 

R.    J.     C.    STEVENS    will     SELL     by 

AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rorms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr,  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  27,  at  half-past  r2  o'Ckck 
preci-elv.  the  finest  specimen  in  cultivation  of  the  new  and  rare 
CYPRIPEDIUM  GODEFROYjE.  with  over  thirty  b.ciks  ; 
also  a  splendid  specimen  of  CdLOGYNE  MASSANGKANA, 
AERIDES  SCHRODERll,  CATlLfYA  LABIATA.  old 
amumn-flowering  variety,  with  sheath  ;  CATTLEYA  EXONI- 
ENSIS,  KEFFERSTEINIA  GRAMINEA,  PROMKN.T.A 
SrAPELIOlDES,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Estahlisbed  Orchids. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, without  reserve,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY.  October  39.  at 
half-past  r2  o'clock  precisely  (in  consequence  of  the  death  of 
Mr,  W.  J.  Cross),  the  stock  of  ESTAbLlSHED  ORCHI DS 
of  Messrs.  Cross  &  Steer,  of  Salisbury,  comprising  several 
hundred  plants  ol  Odontoglossum  Alexandra,  including  a 
curious  'yellow"  variety;  gjod  formi  of  Cattleya  Dowiana, 
C  maxitna,  Cypripedium;,  Deodrobes,  Lzlias.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Lselia  purpurata. 
Sf  ven  Cases  received  direct  from  Brazil,  in  very  fine  condition. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  .ibove 
inhiiSALEby  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY, 
Octobei  29. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  ha<L 


Friday  Next. 
ESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 

ill  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
„,  .jd  68,  Cheapside.  E.C,  on  FKIDAY  NEXT,  Oct..b«  2j. 
at  half-oast  la  o'Clock  precisely,  abjut  150  lots  of  ESTAf- 
LISHED  ORCHIDS,  Irom  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  C  mpany, 
iucliidin^  some  of  those  iwllected  by  Mr.  Edward  Wallace, 
and  a  s'mall  consignment  of  AUSTRALIAN  ORCHIDS  a 
choice  lot  of  ESTABLISHED  and  SEMI-ESTABLI  5HED 
ORCHIDS  from  the  Continent,  S:c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 

Flowering  Orchids. -Special  Sale. 
"ESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 

be>  to  give  notices  that  their  NEXT  SALE  of  the 
above  wilflake  place  on  TUESDAY^  October  '         '      ' 


M^ 


M^ 


Sunhury,— Important  to  the  Trade, 
ESbRS.    PROIHEROE    AND    MORRIS 

tucted  by  Mr.  Turtle,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION 
on  the  Premises,  Osborn's  Nurseiy,  Sunbury.  on  MONDAY, 
November  2  Sooo  Maiden  APPLES  and  PLUMS,  from 
Osboin's  well-known  stock,  fine  trees:  io,eoo  Uwarl  ROSES, 
100  oco  MANETTI  STOCKS,  7000  PRIVET,  4030  CLIMB- 
ERS- also  20C0  Double  White  PRIMULAS  in  48-prts,  fii.e 
plants  ,  1000  TEA  ROSES  for  forcing,  500  LOMARlAS,  &c. 
Further  particulars  will  appear  next  wetk, 

Tottenham, 

Adjoining  the  Tottenham  Hale  Station, 
SALEofremaikably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 

ESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MuRRIS 

1  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the 
Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham  adjoining  the  Railway 
Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway,  on  TUESDAY,  November  3, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  oider  of  Mr.  1,  S  Ware,  a  large 
quantity  of  beautilully-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising 
50CO  oval-leaved  Privet,  3J4  to  452  feet  ;  2000  Caucasian 
Laurels.  3  to  5  feet  ;  8coo  Dwarf  Roses,  £003  Standard  Orna- 
mei4al  Trees.  8000  Euon5  mus  japonic!,  i  to  2  feet,  lor  potting 
40,000  Seakale  and  Asparagus.  5C00  showy  bolder  Carnations, 
5000  good  bulbs  Lilium  candidum,  2C00  L.  specjosi 


M^ 


M^ 


they  1 


id  be 


RECEIVE  ENTRIES   as   EARLY   AS 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E,C,.  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  ir  o'Clnck  precisely  each 
day.  about  800  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUSES, NARCISSUS,  and  other  ROOTS  Irom  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
N,B.— The  bale  on  Thursday  next  will  include  a  quantity  ol 
Terra  Cotta  Flower  Pots,  also  on  Thursday  and  Saturday  a 
choice  assortment  of  about  Fifty  Lots  of  Barr's  beautiful  hardy 
DafiTodils, 


M^ 


POSSItJLE. 

Putney,  S.W.— Expiration  of  Lease. 

Unreserved  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  beautifully  gtoun 
NURSERY  STOCK.  GLASS  ERECTIONS,  &c  ,  by 
order  of  Messrs,  S,  Mahood  &  Son,  «hose  lease  expires  at 

^e'sSRs'''pROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 

SELLbv  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
The  Windsor  Nurseries.  Lower  Richmond  Road,  Putney.  S.W., 
ten  minutes' walk  of  either  of  the  Putney  Stations,  on  TUES- 
DAY and  WEDNESDAY,  October  27  and  28,  at  12  o'Clock 
punctually  each  dav,  the  whole  of  the  beautifully  grown 
NURSERY  SrrCK.  in  excelUnt  condition  lor  ter 
prising  many  thousands  of  Evergreen  and  Decidu. 
1  to  4  feet,  1000  Aucubas,  thou-andsof  green  and 
Euonymus.  5000  Hollies.  3  to  8  feet. 
Forest  Tree*  in  variety  ;  5000  Ivies 

to  6  feet :  2000  Standard  and  Dwarf- 


Canterbury. -Expiration  of  Lease. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  16  Acres 

of  remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  Kinmont  &  Kidd  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Vauxhall  Nursery.  Can- 
terbury, about  eight  minutes'  walk  from  either  of  the  Canterbury 
Stations,  on  MONDAY,  October  19,  and  three  following  days, 
at  12  o'clock  punctually  each  day,  without  reserve,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  expiration  of  lease,  about  16  Acres  of  unusually 
well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for 
removal,  and  offering  exceptional  advantages  for  procuring 
Trees  and  Shrubs  lor  immediate  effective  planting.  The  stock 
will  include  thousands  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens,  ranging  in 
height  from  t  to  8  leet  :  5003  Lainels,  2  to  4  feet  ;  2000  Spruce 
Fiis,  2  to  5  leet ;  4000  Rhododendrons,  2  to  4  feet  ;  13.000  Orna- 
mental and  Forest  Trees,  comprising  5000  Poplars,  2  to  10  feet  : 
2000  Latch.  4  to  6  feet  ;  2000  Limes.  8  to  1 2  feet  ;  700  fine 
Purple  Beech.  5  to  12  feet  ;  toco  Filberts,  4  to  to  feet  ;  19.000 
dean-grown  Fruit  Trees,  consisting  of  10,000  Sundard,  Pyra- 
mid, and  Trained  Apples,  5000  ditto  Pears,  200a  ditto  Plums 
and  Damsons,  1500  ditto  Cherries,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines, 
10,000  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  ol  all  the  best  sorts  ;  and 
large  quantities  of  other  stock. 

May  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the   Premises 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 


Nursery.  Hendon.  N.W..  ten 
Station,  on  THURSDAY,  October  3 
in  constquence  of  the  large  number 


Tuesday  Next  -Camellias,  Azaleas,  and  Roses, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
wdl  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  October 
20.  at  half-past  12  o'Ciock  precisely,  a  consignment  of  CAMEL- 
LIAS, AZALEAS,  PALMS,  FICUS,  and  other  PLANTS 
from  Belgium  ;  500  standard  and  other  ROSES  from  an 
English  Nursery,  best  named  sorts;  home-grown  LILIES, 
DUTCH  BULBS,  and  a  variety  of  HARDY  PLANTS  and 
BULBS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


and 


20CO  DUIyt 
the  Valley, 


,  fine 


Fuller  parli' 


M^ 


Betohworth,  Surrey. -Expiration  of  Lease.  ; 
ESSKS.  PROTHERUE  AND  MORRIS 
ill  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Primisei,  the  Betch - 
woith  Nuisery,  by  order  of  Messrs,  J,  Ivery  &  Son,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  Fxoiration  of  the  Lease  of  this  Branch  Nursery, 
on  TUESDAY,  November  3.  the  whole  of  the  valuable  NUR- 
SERY STOCK. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


M^ 


Hampton,  Middlesex, 

A  large  quantity  of  beautilully  g.own  FRUIT  TREES 
selected  with  great  care  Irom  the  late  Stock  of  Messrs. 
Osboto  &  Sons,  whose  reputation  for  the  growth  of  Fruit 
Trees  was  unsurpassed.  Thousands  of  Dwj.f  ROSES, 
id  other  NURSERY  STOCK, 

ESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 

ill  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pr.mises, 
Osborn's  Nursery,  Hami-ton,  on  WEDNESDAY,  Kovem. 
her  4,  by  order  ol  Mr,  Will  Tayler. 

Further  particulars  will  appear. 

Bromley,  Kent, -Expiration  of  Lease. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  G.  Stidolph  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  Bromley,  Kent, 
on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY.  November  5  and  6,  the  whole 
ol  the  remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 


IS  Shiubs, 

splanted  ; 
)oo  oval-leaved  Privet.  3 
ned  Fruit  Trees  ;  Green- 
variety  ;  Maidenhair  Ferns  ;  Ficus,  200  fine 
p  ants  of  Eucharis  amazonica  ;  the  elections  ol  Eight  GREEN- 
HOUSES, with  a  total  length  of4co  feet,  several  PITS,  the 
whole  of  the  HOT-WATER  PIPING,  BOILERS,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Caulogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  f  7  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C 

Hendon,  N,W, 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  ihe  whole  of  the  NURSERY 
STOCK,  GREENHOUoE  PLANTS.  GLASS  EREC- 
TIONS, and  EFFECTS,  by  order  ol  Mr,  J.  H.  Pounce, 
the  [.and  being  required  for  Building. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premise-s,  Pounce's 

-  s' walk  from  the  RaUway 

9.  at  12  o'clock  precisely, 
of  lots,  the  whole  of  the 
_  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  and 
Specimen  Border  and  other  SHRUBS,  particularly  suitable 
for  the  London  Cut  Flower  and  Shop  Trade,  for  which  the 
Stock  has  been  specially  cultivated.  1  he  Sale  will  include 
150  pots  of  Eucharis  amazonica,  1 5  000  Carnations  of  ihe  best 
named  sorts  for  cutting,  Palms,  Pelargoniums,  50000  Ferns  in 
thumbs  and  other  sizes,  strong  Mai<5chal  Niel  Roses  in  pots. 
Chrysanthemums,  20,000  Golden  and  Green  Euonv mus,  2000 
Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  chiefly  Teas,  hundreds  of  hne  Shrubs 
for  Planting,  and  large  quantities  of  other  Stock  too  numerous 
to  mention  also  the  Erections  of  9  GREENHOUSES  and 
PITS  the  whole  of  the  HOT-WATER  PIPING.  BOILERS, 
STAGING  200  LIGHTS  and  BOXES.  Bay  Market  HORSE, 
2  Spring  CARTS,  HARNESS,  and  other  EFFECTS. 

On  view  the  day  pnor  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  may 
be  fad  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68, 
Cheiipside,  London,  E.C^ 

■West  Wlckham. 

(Three  minutes'  walk  Irom  the  Station,) 

TWO  DAYS'   SALE  of  unusually  well  grown   NURSERY 

STOC  K.  by  order  ol  Mr.  T.  Cook,  to  clear  the  ground , 

"ESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and  MORRIS 

ill  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The 
Nursery,  West  Wickham,  Kent,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY. 
October '29  and  30,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large 
quantity  of  remarkably  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  the 
whole  of  which  has  been  carefully  prepared  for  removal.  The 
Stock  comprises  8coo  Laurels,  iM  to  4  ftet ;  1000  fine  Portugal 
Laurels,  5  to  6  leet;  3C03  oval-leaved  Privet,  1500  green 
Euonymus  (or  pots,  a  large  assortment  of  specimen  Conifers 
and  Evergreens,  1500  Green  HoUi  '    -  --  -  '---  '^ 


M^ 


)  5  feet  : 

^._  ^ .    .    06  fee 

Trees  •  6000' Deciduous    FloweriDg    Shrubs, 
and  Forest  Trt  ^         l-— -- 

variety  of  olhe 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  Baa  o: 
T.  COOK'S  Nursery,  Beckenham, 
6S,  Cheapside.  LocdoD,  E.C. 


for  Christmas 

<j   Ornamental 

3  Gooseberries  and  Currants,  and  a  great 


Fuller  particu'a'! 


■ecV. 


M^ 


M^ 


Great  Sale  of  Planes. 
WILLIAM     RUMSEY'S    SALE     on 
OCTOBER  SQ,  contains  the  finest  s:ock  of  PLANES 
ever  offeied  by  Public  Auction. 

Catalogue  of  Sale  on  application  to  Joyning's  Nurseries, 
Waltham  Cross,  N.  

Martin's  Nursery,  Maybnry  HIU,  Woking. 

Adioiiiing  the  L.  &  S.  W.  Pailway,  close  to  the  Oriental 
IqsIhuuoh.  and  within  ten  minutes'  walk  ot  Woking 
hiation,  main  Ma^bury  Road. 

CLEARANCE  SALE,  WITHOUT  RESERVE. 

R.   F.  W.  ABRAHAM  has  been  favoured 

iructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  [by  order  of 
Mr.  H.  Martin),  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
October  21.  :^t  11  for  12  o'Clock,  the  whole  of  the  young  and 
thriving  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  of  300  Aucuba 
japonica,  3  feet ;  sco  EuonymuF,  Reiincsporas,  gold  Yews, 
Box  edEing.  tree  Box,  specimen  Conifers.  5000  common  Yew, 
23,000  Portugal  Laurtl.  2000  climbing  H.P.  and  other  Roses, 
common  Laurel,  Daphne  Mazereon,  20,000  Rhododendron 
ponticum,  I  to  2  feet;  500  late  Dutch  Honeysuckle,  ao.ooo 
ovalifohum  Privet,  black  and  red  Currants,  20.000  gold,  silver, 
and  green  Holly;  Euonymus  radicans,  and  quantities  of  other 
useful  Stock  transplanted  last  season,  all  well  rooted,  and  in 
splendid  condi'ion  for  lemoviog  and  immediate  effect;  aUo 
lOD  bushels  of  POTATOS,  *'  Goodrirhe's  Improved," 

Catalogues  may  be  obtained,  five  days  before  the  Sale,  at  the 
"  Albion,"  "  Red  House,"  and  "'Railway'*  Hotels  ;  or  free  of 
the   Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  Hou  e  and  Land  Agent,  Woking, 


Whlttlngton  Nurseries,  2  miles  from  Llcbfleld. 

SALE  of  a  well-grown  and  vigorous  NURSERY  STOCK,  at 
the  above  widely  known  Nurseries,  of  several  thousands  of 
Trees  and  Shrubs,  including  Standard  and  Pyramid  Apples, 
Pears,  Plum-;,  Nuts,  and  other  Fruit  Trees,  part  in  a  bear- 
ing state  ■  Spruce,  Austrian  and  Laricio  Pines  Oak,  Ash, 
Elm,  Beech,  Sycamore,  Chestnut  and  other  Forest  Trees  ;  a 
large  variety  of  Deciduous  and  Evergreen  Shrubs,  Hybrid 
and  other  Rhododendrons,  a  beautiful  lot  of  Ivies,  and 
Laurels,  together  with  a  choice  selection  o(  Cedrus,  Cyprus, 
Junipers,    Pinus.    Retinosporas,    Th 


glori 


>  lot  of  Mar^chal  Niel, 


M 

Whit 


Coniferse,  Clen 

G'oire  de  Dijon,  Keine  Mane  fie.  Keine  Marie 
GloireLyontiaise, Climbing  Devoniensis.  and  other  favcunie, 
Roses  :  together  with  Camellias,  Stove,  Greenhouse,  Seed- 
ling, Bedding,  and  other  Plants,  forming  altogether  one  of 
the  most  attractive  Nursery  Stocks  ever  offered  in  the  Mid- 
land Counties. 

R.   GEORGE  MARSDEN  will  SELL  the 

above  by  AUCTION,    by  order  of    Mr     Holmei,    at 


ngto 


FRIDAY,  October  : 
each  day. 

Conveyan 
each  day,  al 
field. 

For  the  convenience  of  purchasei 
on  the  ground  until  March  i,  1886. 


,  any  lot  or  lots  c 


M^ 


EdlnhuxglL 

imond  Brothers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 
Nursery  branch  of  their  business, 

R.  ALEXANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 

by  AUCTION,  al  Larkfield  Nursery,  Ferry  Road,  Edin- 
bureh  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY.  October  j8 
and  20,  at  12  o'Clock  each  day,  a  very  fine  lot  of  HfJLLIES, 
YEWS,  AUCUBAS,  RHODODENDRONS,  WEEPING 
TREES,  SlC  ,  mostly  suitable  for  immediate  etTecL  ..,„^,^ 
Now  on  view.  Catalogues  to  be  had  from  DRUMMOND 
BROTHERS,  AscicuUnral  Seedsmen.  82  George  Street 
Edinburgh. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


483 


Cart   House  Lane  Nursery,    Horsell, 

Ab^ut  2  miles  from  Woking  Station. 
SALE  of  exceptionally  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  WATERER  and  SONS  have 
received  instructions  from  Mr.  Richard  Collyer,  wh>Dse 
lease  is  expirioT,  to  SELL  by  AUCTIOM.  on  the  Premises, 
as  above,  on  TUESDAY.  (October  27,  and  following 
ilay,  commencing  at  12  o'ClocJc  precisely  on  each  day,  the 
FIRST  PORTION  of  the  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK 
ou  the  above  land,  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  having 
all  been  moved  within  two  years,  comprising  a  great  variety  of 
very  fine  Ornamental  Evergreen  'I'leei  and  Shrubs,  including 
many  Specimen  Trees,  20.000  Green  and  Variegated  Standard 
and  other  Hollie?,  2  to  9  feet ;  20.000  Yews,  from  2  feet  6  inches 
to  7  feet  ;  several  thousand  Cotnmon,  Caucasian,  and  Portugal 
Laurels,  Retinospora,  Picea,  Thuia,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  and 
erecta,  Thuiopsis,  Privet,  1000  Rhododendrons,  principally 
choice  named  sorts  ;  5000  Spruce  Firs.  2cod  Half-Standard  and 
Standard  Roses  of  the  choicest  varieties,  6oco  Manetti  Stocks. 
6000  Crab  and  Plum  Stocks.  15  000  Birch.  Poplar,  Ash,  and 
Chestnut  Trees,  2  to  12  feet  ;  and  other  Stock. 

The  Auctioneere  would  draw  the  special  attention  of  pur- 
chasers requiring  plants  for  ornamental  and  effective  purposes  to 
this  Sale,  as  the  whole  of  the  lots,  including  the  Specimen  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  are  in  perfect  condition  for  removal. 

May  be  viewed  seven  days  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
obtained  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  at  their 
Offices,  Chertsey,  Weybridge  Station,  and  High  Street,  Walton- 
on-Thames,  Surrey. 

Sale  at  Chester  of  Valuable  Nursery  Stock,  to  clear 

ground  (partion  of  ihe  Nuiseries  of  the  late  firm  of  Messrs. 
Chivas  &  Weaver)  on  account  cf  expiration  of  lease.  The 
Sale  c)n^i,ts  of  EVERGREENS,  FLOWERING 
SHRUBS,  ORNANENTAL  and  FRUIT  TREES, 
FOREST  and  UNDERWOOD  TREES. 

MESSRS.  CHURTON,  ELPHICK,  and 
CO.  will  SELL  the  above  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION 
(by  instructions  of  Messrs.  Jaoies  Dickson  &  Sons.  Chester), 
at  the  Eatun  Road  Nurseries,  Chester  (fifien  minutes'  walk  from 
either  Chester  Railway  StationJ,  on  THURSDAY,  October  29. 
at  II  o'clock  precisely. 

May  be  now  viewed,  and  Catalogues  obtained  on  the 
Premises  ;  also  from  the  Auctioneers  and  Vendors. 


lUFOBTANT     SAIiE 

SHRUBS,   FOREST   TREES,   ROSES, 

FRUIT  TREES  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 

John  Stewart  &  Sons'  Nurseries,  Broughty  Ferry,  N.B. 

On  WEDNEbDAY,  October  21. 

A.  MONCOR,  Auctioneer. 

TO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  with  Immediate 
Possession,  n  MARKET  NURSERY,  6  miles  from 
Coveot  Garden,  comprising  an  Acre  of  Land,  Eight-roomed 
Dwelling-house,  Coach-house  and  Stable,  Twelve  Greenhouses, 
well  heated  and  in  good  condition. 

For  particulars  apply  to  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67, 
and  68,  Cheapside,  E.  C. 

To  Nurserjrmen,  Florists,  and  Others. 

TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD,  on  very  advan- 
tageous terms,  WILLS'  NURSERY,  situate  ii  the 
Fulham  Palace  Road,  Hammersmith,  comprising  an  area  of 
an  acre  and  a  half.  There  are  several  Hot-houses  very 
efficiently  heated  by  hot  water  on  the  premise--  This  Nursery 
would  be  invaluable  to  a  Florist  as  a  growing  place  for  market, 
being  so  near  Covent  Garden  ;  or  the  property,  held  for  an  un- 
expired term  of  sixty-six  years,  can  be  pui chased. 

Particulars  on  application  to  W.  M.  M.  WHITEHOUSE, 
26,  Charles  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  OTHERS.— 
The  Proprietor  of  a  good  Nursery,  ^2  Acres  in  extent, 
situated  on  the  high  road,  one  mile  from  a  county  town,  is 
desirous,  from  age  (74),  to  give  up  business-  No  reasonable  cifer 
will  be  refused,  either  in  the  form  of  an  Annuity  or  Puichase. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to    H.  B.  L-,   Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W,C. 

TO     BE     LET,    on     Lease,    a     MARKET 
NURSERY,  situated  in  N.W.  district,  consisting  of  an 
Acre  of  Ground,   Eleven  Houses,  Cottage,  Stabling.  Yard,  and 
every  convenience.     No  premium.  Stock  at  valuation.     Some 
of  the  best  Vines  and  Peaches  in  the  county.     Particulars  of 
NURSERY,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul 
TURAL  Markbt  Garden  and  Estate  Auctionee 
Valuers,  ^7  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C,  and  at  I 
stone,  E.       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 

JOHN       KENNARD'S      Horticultural 
Sundries,    Peat,    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire   Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.     Established  1854. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKK    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.     Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lisiria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM 

SHAW  HEATH.  STOCKPORT, 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK  ARTIST. 
Has  carried  out  many  extensive  wotks  recently  for  Noblemen 
and  Gentlemen.  Can  refer  to  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co-,  St.  Albau's. 
where  work  can  be  seen.  Tu'a  formation.  Sandstone,  Natural 
Rockwork  to  suit  any  locality. 

Vines— Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stockof  GRAPE  VINES;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Planting  Canes,  55.  and 
^i  6^.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  \os.  td  each. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address  — "COWAN,    LIVERPOOL." 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S 
GARDENS,  Chiswick. 
NATIONAL      PEAR      CONFERENCE     and     GREAT 
EXHIBITION  ol  PEARS- 
OCTOBER  Ji  to  NOVEMBER  4,  tSSs- 
Doors  open  at  i  I-  M.  on  October  2t. 
Notice   ol   intention    to   Exhibit  to  be    sent  to    Mr.    A.    F. 
BARRON,  Secretary.  Royal   Horticultural  Society's  Gardens, 
Chiswick,  on  or  before  October  14 


THE     ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY  of  SOUTHAMPTON. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  and  FRaiT  SHOW,  on  TUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  ,  and  4.     ONE  HUNDRED 
and   FIFTY    POUNDS  in    PRIZES-     Schedule*  and   Enliy 
Forms   may   be   had   of  the    undersigned.      Entries    close    on 

"s^Xfe'street,  The  Avenue.  C.  S.  FUIDGE,  Sec. 

RICHMOND  (Surrey)  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY   1S85 

The  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHuW  will  be  held  in  the 
"Castle"  Hotel  Ro  ms.  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 
November  5  and  6,  Special  attention  is  directed  to  Class  s,  in 
which  .£10  IS  o^ered  for  48  Cut  Blooms,  distinct,  24  Japanese 
and  24  Incurved. 

H.R.H.  the  Dnchess  of  Tkck  has  kindly  consented  to  open 
the  Show.     Schedules  may  be  obtained  of 

22,  George  Street,  Richmond.  J.  H.  FORD,  Hon.  Sec. 

UTOKE    NEWINGTUN    CHRYSANTHE- 
O     MUM   SOCIETY. —  Ih-   ANNUAL   EXHIBITION 
w.ll    be   held   on    NOVEMBER    9  and  to.      Schedules    niran 
applicat:oa  to                                       Mr.  W.  GOLDSMITH. 
I,  StartbriTs  Place.  Grove  Road.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

KINGSTON  and  S  U  rIj  I  T  O  N 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  NINTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall.  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  roandir,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes,  the  CHAMPION  CHALLENGE  VASE,  value 
TWENTY-FIVE  GUINEAS,  will  be  offered.  Entries  Close 
November  5.     Schedules  and  further  information  of 

Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames-'''-  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 

(SHREWSBURY        CHRYSANTHEMUM 
kj     SHOW,   NOVEMBER   12  and   13.     TEN    GUINEA 
Mr.   JON'ES,    Secretary. 


CUP  for  Foity-eight  Bio. 

HUDDERSFIELD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
The   SECOND   EXHIBITION   will  be  held  in  the  Town 
Hall.Huddcrsfield,  en  FRIDAVaoJ  SATURDAY,  November 
13  and  14.     Entries   Close  on  Friday,  Novamber  6.     Schedules 
and  Entry  Forms  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

Marsh.  Huddersfield. JOHN  BELL,  Hon.  Sec 

HE      GARDENERS'     ROYAL 

BF.NEVOLENT    INSTITUTION. 
NOTICE    IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  an  ADDITION  will 
be    made    to    the     PENSION     LIST   of  this    Institution    in 
JANUARY  NEXT.     All  persons  desirous  of  becoming  Candi- 
dates ate  requested  to  send  in  their  applications  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  or  before  November  4  next,  after  which  day  they  will 
not   be  received.      Preference  will  be  given,  in  accordance  with 
Rule  6,  to  those   applicants  (or  their  widows),  who  have  been 
fifteen  clear  years  on  the  books  of  ihe  Institution— By  order, 
E.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
20,  Spring  Gardens,  London.— October  5.  1885 
Printed     Forms    of   Application   cin   be   obtained    from    the 
Secretary. ^ 

The  Official  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Orchid 

C  JNFERENCE.held  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens,  at  South  Kensington,  on  May  12  and  13,  1885. 

THE     ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY    will   issue,   about  the  end    of   the  present 
month,  a  Full  Report  of  the  above 

This  Report  in  book  form  of  octavo  size,  and  containg  about 
rso  pages,  will  be  distributed  to  all  Fellows  of  the  Society  as  a 
number  ol  the  Journal,  and  it  will  embrace  ;— 

1.  .\  Report  of  the  proceedings  at  the  Conference,  including 

a  Paper  read  by  Mr.  H.  J.  Veitcb,  F-L  S-.  on  ihe 
Hybridisation  of  Orchids,  with  illustrations  ;  and  a 
Paper  by  Mr.  James  O'Brien,  on  the  Cultivation  of 
Orchids. 

2.  Botanical    and    Horticultural    Reports    by    Henry    N 

Ridley,  Esq.,  B  A,  F.L.S,  Natural  History 
Museum,  South  Kensington,  and  F-  W.  Burbidge, 
Esq.,  F.L  S,  Trinity  College  Gardens,  Dublin. 

3.  An  Alphabetical  List  of  the  Genera  of  eircbids. 

4.  A  Catalogue  of  Exhibitors  and  Exhibits. 

It  is  proposed  to  admit  a  limited  number  of  first-class 
Advertisements  ;  and,  as  a  large  sale  is  anticipated  in  addition 
t  J  the  number  of  copies  to  be  distribuled,  it  will  be  a  specially 
valuable  medium  for  Orchid  Growers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Orchid  Pots,  Baskets,  Rafts,  &c  ,  .is  well  as  to  Fruit  and  Seed 
Growers,  Florists,  Horticulturists,  Garden  Implement 
Makers,  &c. 

Advettisements  will  be  inserted  in  all  issues  at  one  price. 
The  Scale  of  Charges  will  be  as  follows  : — 

Back  Page         ..  £0  10     o 

Covers  and  Special  Positions  :  Page  . .        550 

Ditto  ditto  Half-page..         330 

Ordinary  Pages  . .         330 

„  Halfpages t  15     o 

All  applications  lor  Advertisement  Spaces  must  be  made  to 
ADAMS  AND  FRANCIS  (Advertisement  Agents  to  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society),  59.  Fleet  Street,  London,  EC. 

STRAWBERRIES.-Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  potting  on  or  plintiiis  out.     Low   prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  applicalion. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond.  Surrey. 

CASH  Tj.  CREDIT.— 300,000  DwaTfROSES, 
on  Manetti,  the  best  plants  money  can  buy  ;  good  sorts, 
351.  per  100.  50  for  201.,  worth  double  the  money.  Cash  with 
orders,  packing  free.  Also  ASPARAGUS,  ayears,  ar.  per  100: 
-  ^j  pg^  ,QQ  .  ^  years_  ^^  p^,.  ^^  .  njygi,  cheaper  by  the 


Special  Offer. 
Tj^PP'S     NURSERY     ESTABLISHMENT, 

-L^  Ringwood,  Hants,  have  to  offer  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  LARCH,  Scotch  and  Spruce  FIR,  varying  in  heiitht 
from  I  to  3  feet,  at  low  prices ;  also  a  fine  lot  of  Standard  ROSES 
of  leading  sorts,  equally  cheap.     Prices  upon  application. 


TJ^OR  SALE,  the  favourite  Black  CURRANT 

-L       TREES— Baldwin's   Black.  9!.  per  ico  ;  Gicen  Bud,  Ss. 
per  too.     They  are  heavy  croppers. 

DAMSON  TREES  (the  wellknown  Crutenden  Cluster)- 
Standards,  £4  lor.  per  too  ;  Half  Standards,  ii  loi.  The  trees 
are  strong  and  well. rooted,  ard  warranted  i-ue  to  name.  Put 
on  rail.— Sample  on  applic.ati.in  to  A,  UNDERDOWNand 
CO  ,  The  Vineries,  Paddock  Wood.  Kent. 

Flowers  for  Winter  and  spring. 

VIOLETS  — sweet  Violets. —  Marie  Louise, 
Victoria  Regina,  Belle  de  Chatenay.  6j.  per  dozen,  40.1. 
per  100:  Patrie.  Comte  Brazza,  White  Neapolitan,  i2i.  p.-r 
dozen  ;  twelve  distinct  varieties,  package  paid,  71.  td.  per 
dozen  :  small  plants,  free  by  post,  3r,  6t.  per  dozen.  The  above 
are  the  best  and  most  useful  Violets  in  cultivation,  have  been 
grown  in  large  clumps,  and  are  now  full  of  flower  ;  if  planted  at 
once  will  ensure  flowers  all  winter  and  spring. 

FREDERICK  PERKINS,  Nurseryman,  Regent  Street, 
Leamington. 

Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited),  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  it.e.r 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA. 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  i(^ES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supeiior  qualily.  and  when  persemal  inspection 
enient  they  will  be  g'ad  to  make  special  offers  upon 


applic 


preparation,   and 


BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepaied  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6s.  per  dczen  plants,  izt.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac;  NewYork,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  led 
eye  :  Belle  de  Chatenay,  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  3r.  &d.  per  dozen  plants,  ys.  dd. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  dirccii.ji.s  for 
Cultivation,    also,  ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and     PRIM- 
ROSES, 2^'!'.,  Iree. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,    Fluder,  Kingskerswell.  Devonshire. 

"  Irradiating  the  Present.  Restoring  the  Past." 

ACO.MPLETE  and  ORIGINAL  "LITTLE 
BOOK  "  cf  DAFFODILS,  in  its  revised  form,  for  1885. 
F'rice  \s..pOit-free,  There  are  numerous  original  IilustIatlrn^ 
and  the  Daffodils  are  the  best  ripened  Bulbs  to  be  got,  lieland 
being  ioeenialta  the  r  cultivation.  Over  131  so  ts  1 3  select 
from.  Early  planting  and  eaily  rpen'ng  of  Bulbs  should  giee 
gand  lesults  Advantage,  cffered  bv  no  cthc^  H  lu  e  in  the 
Trade-  -  WM.  BAVL' iK  HARTLAN  j'S  Old  Established 
Seed  Warehouse,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Coik. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  sind  Florists. 

PUTCH  BULBS-Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
.  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses.  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
"  '.     Wholesale  Catalogue 


Established  s 


pplic 
the  abo 


!  addr< 


5  from 


KOSES-ROSES  — ROSES  —Splendid 
Plants  of  the  following  and  other  fine  varieties,  in  7-inch 
pots,  Z4J. ,  3or.,  365,  and  421.  per  dozen  :—Maiechal  Niel, 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  Devoniensis,  Duke  ol 
Connaught,  Homer,  Isabella  Sprunt,  Madame  Lambard, 
Madame  Willermoz,  Niphetos,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Safrano,  &c.  Our  Roses  a.e  well  known  to  he  the 
finest  and  healthiest  in  the  country.  Complete  LISTS  of 
varieties  in  stock  will  be  sent  on  anplication. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTU  R  \L  CO.  (John  Cowan), 

Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nuiseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 

Telegraphic  Address-"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 

Pelargonium 

VOLONTE  NATION.aLE  ALBA.  —  All 
who  were  unable  to  procute  this  splendid  new  Geianiiini 
in  May  should  do  so  at  once.  Nice  h-ialthy  Plants  in  pots  now 
ready,  51-  each,  free  by  post.  Awarded  First-class  Certificates, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  Royal  Botanic  Society,  Crystal 
Palace,  Manchester,  and  the  principal  shows  of  the  season. 
Sample  fliwers  forwarded  on  application. 

FREDERICK   PERKINS,    Nuiseryman,    Regent   Street, 
Leamington. 

Novelties. 

CUPRESSUS       LAWSONI       ERECTA 
ALBA,  novelty. 
,,     .,    robusta,  novelty.    For  description,  see  my  Catalogue  of 

spring,  1885 
,.    ,,    Silver  Queen,  novelty, 
CHIONODOXA  SARDENSIS,   novelty,   awarded    a  First- 
class  Certificate  in  London,  March  24   r83s. 
SPIR.«A    PALMATA    ALBA,     novelty,  aw.irded    a    lirst- 

class  Certificate  in  London,  June  t?,  iS8=. 
THYMUS   LANUOINOSUS  FOL.   VAR,    nov'elty.     For  de- 
scription see  my  Catalogue  of  spring,  1885. 
Prices  on  application. 
A.  M   C.JONGKINDTCONINCK,  Tottenham  Niirseiies, 
Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands, 


The  New  White  Hardy 

PASSION      FLOWER,      "CONSTANCE 
ELLIOTT,"  good  plants, 
HEDERA  MADERENSI3  VARJEGATA,  the  he-t  Silver 
Variegated  Ivy  in  cultivation,  fin 


Pric 


applic 


Nuts 


Totlenhain. 


The  Two  Gems  of  the  Season  In  Early  Psas. 

MR.  B  UK  BURY  desires  to  draw  the  atten- 
tion ol  the  Trade  to  these  tivo  PEAS  "K.ARl.Y 
KENILWORTH"  and  "WILLIAM  the  Cl.lNQUEROR  ' 
—  the  latter  fonnirg  an  excellent  succes-iun  t-j  \h'^  foim-r 
They  are  both  Blue  Marrows  of  the  greatest  excellence.  1  he 
stock  isabout  200  bushels. — Apply  lor  printed  testimonials  price, 
e<ic.,  to  W.  BURBURY,  Florist,  &c..  The  Crew,  Kenilworih. 

MR.  DODWELL'S  GRAND  CARNaT 
TIONS,  the  finest  grown.  2000  Plants,  including 
Seedlings  of  this  autumn,  to  be  Sold  for  the  benefit  of  the  Prize 
Fund  of  the  UNION  CARNATION  and  PI  COTE  E 
SOCIETY. 
Special  terms  to  the  Ttade.  Particulars  on  application. 
Address-HEAD  GARDENER,  The  Cottage,  Stanley 
Road,  Oxford. 


484 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  1885. 


CALCEOLARIAS,   PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERARIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  theWorld.  \sM.  per  doz.,  loj.per  100, 
post-free.    In  small  pots,  is.dd.  dor.,  iSj.per  100. 

R    J    JOHNSON,  E<q  ,  1.  WaUm  Strict,  Oxford. 

Stpitmhrr  21,    1885. 

"At  rvir  Show,  June  i6,  I  Rained  First  Prize  for  Calceolarias. 

1  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 

H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


JthSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE  PAID. 

JtLilJSTRATCDCATALOCdES      .      (<|| 

jdsHUAiECORRUA^N, 


nCApC APPLES,  PLUMS,  Re,  i8j.  per  dozen. 

rCf^no         Fspalier  uaired,   245.  per  doztn. 

nnoro M.igniftcent  Bushes.  91.  per  dozen. 

nUOLO       Standards  JtroiiR.   i si-  per  dozen. 

Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 

BULB       GUIDE  S~ 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Kow  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HY.ACINTHS,  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation  iill  of  which  are  fully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT,  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 

Jf  rnoicK   Hardy   Flowkk.Roots    for   Indoor  and   Spring 
Gardenii  g  h..ve  been  much  cniarfied,  and  contain  as  under  : 
COLLEOIION    "F,"    FOR    SPRING    GARDENING, 
Containing  938  Bulbs. 


36  Hv; 
5.  Tu: 


„Ue. 


lOJ  Ra.iunculu5,  double. 
34  Gladiolu-. 
50  Snowdrop-,  sing'e. 
25  Spanish  Iris 
=5  Tri.eleiaumfl.ra. 
25  Sella  hyacinlhuide 


Lil.un 


iiibella 


COLTECTION    "  C."    FOR    INDOOR. 
Containing  277  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 

ci'sus,  double  and  s'ligle- 


12  in  4  named  vaiieties. 

Jomiuils- 

Tulips,  single  early— 

6  double,  swect-sceoied. 

n  Due  van  1  hul.  red  &  yellow 

12  SciUa  sibirica  (precox). 

12  Choice  Ixias. 

Tulios,  double  early— 

12       ,,     Sparaxis. 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white. 

12       „     Oxalis. 

6  R«x  Rubr.rum,   fine  ciim- 

13  Grape  Hyacinth'. 

6  Tourneiol.                       [son. 

(H.  botryoides). 

Crocus- 

6  Cranthis  Ilyemalis. 

looin  13  fi'.e  named  varieties. 

6  Suowdiops. 

Narc  s,'  s,  Hoiyamhui. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 

1 3  in  4  hue  i  named  varieties. 

Half  or  either  of  i 

HE   ABON-E    FOR   iOS.  6(f. 

The  abiivc  Packages  may  b 

i  had  from  our  Agents,  Messr? 

STRAWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  41.  por  100.  Plants  in  small  pot?.  lii.  per  ko  ; 
ditto  in  large  pot^,  35*.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  fiee 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  ieed 
Merchai.n.  Worcester. . 

CHOICE    IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  2\s.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  6ii.  to  £^  As. 


MERTLNS    AND    CO.,    3,     Cross    Lane,    St.    Maryal-Hill, 
I.indoo,  fc,  C  ,  on  receipt  ot  Cheque  or  Post-ofiice  Order. 

For  parlicul.rs  of  our  other  Collections  o(  Bulbs  for  IN- 
DOOR and  SPUING  GaUDENING,  see  our  coinplete  and 
revised  CVIAIOGUE  for  1885.  which  will  be  sent,  post- 
fiee,  tn  appKcation  to  our  Agents  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

U^erveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 


ROSES,  95.  per  dozen.       A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  Sr^e ,  tn 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 

CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

GROWN  EY 

WM.     R  I  S  L  E  Y,    Maritzburg,    Natal, 

(TheCrEioalGio*e.)- 
Th-  whole  of  Mr.  Risley's  crop  is  now  landei,  and  h.is  opei  ed 
up  in  splend  d  ondition.     The   Bulbs  are  exempli  i.-Hlly   large 
and  healthy,  and  such  as  have  never  before  been  .  Ilered  in  the 
Market.     They  are  now  for  sale  at  very  low  quotations. 

Intending  Buyers  are  requested  to  make  an  early  application 
to  the  undersigned.     Terms,  Cish. 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street.  E  C. 


"CORRISO,     LONDON." 

The  above  has  been  Registered  as  our  Address 

for  Telegrams 
COURT,  SOPEB,   FOWLER  &  CO.  (Ltd)  , 

Horticultural  Sundries  Meichants  and  Manu'acturers, 

,8.  FINSBURV  STREE.T,  F.C. 

The  Grand  New  narcissus. 

"SIR  W    A    T    K    1    N ." 

»j.  each,  2tj.  per  dozen,  r6oi.  per  loc. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.     First-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS.  "  Newton"  Nu.se.ies.  Iheter. 


PRIZE    COB,    FILBERT, 

AND    OTHER    FRUIT    1REE3. 

Gentlemen  intending  to  make  Plantations  should  apply  for 

CATALO  G  UE  and  PA  MP  HLE  TS 

on  Hew  to  MakeLwd  Pay.atid  How  to  Plant  and  Pruiu.  to 
Mr.  COOPER.  F  E.H.S.,  Calcot  Gardens.  Beading. 


^lliTT 


An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON  TrUIT  trees 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTaTTrEES and  SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,     &.i. 
CATALOGUES  post-free. 


UiU    Crawle;y,        iJ  Sussex. 


^.^^"^i^ 


iff  -'C^'^'' 


J^^.»^^ 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  requne 
description.  Pnce  6r.  per  bushel 
(15.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
f>d  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \s. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


FRUIT,  FRUIT.  FRUIT, 


A 


SEE    NEW    C.-\T.At.OGUE. 
PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

the  fioe^t  varieties.-Pyramids,  gr  and  i)r   per 


Standards, 


per 


I5r  and  i8j   per  doz  :u. 
CURRaNIS.— Black,   Red,  White 

IS   td  per  dozen. 
R,\SPBEKRIES.   in   variety,    12J.  ] 

land  Fillbasket,  6i.  per  too. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  15J    and  zcj.  1 

STK  \  MiEKKIf  S.- All  the  most  r 
ru  ns  s,  li-bd  per  \m.  insH 
i.i  5-inch  p'.ts,    lor   1.  rjii>g    = 


, ;  Northumbei 


ROSES.       ROSES. 


SiC  cur  .W-w  C.itnhiue 
The  finet  II. P.  va  ieties  6s  p,rd.'zen.  . 
fta  scei  tsd  and  Noi,eites.  is«  v.er  dozer 
Beauti'ul  Mosses.  6j.  per  doren 
Clinbing  varieii.s.  for  Kocle  les.  A.bou 
•Ihe  above  are  all  our  own  grow.ng. 
n  ,wer  much  belter  than  Roses  grown  1 
and  rich  soil. 


tc..  6r   p  do 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORS'.-IMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
KHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Citalogne.      

OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinsle  PRIMPOSltS,  ii>  varitry  of 
colours        WALLFLOWERS,      CANTEKBURV 

BELLS,  9-'-  P"  <i="°-  «•  "■"'  ^  P","^„i'Dr'?' 
Sits  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALVSSUM,  SILENE  COMPACTA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOIIS,  II,  6/.  per  dozen,  8s.  per  100  ; 
or,  500  asssorted  f  prrngilowering  Plants  for  171.  6d., 

TULIPS,  various  colours.  51.  per  loo  ;  CROCUS,  is.  id. 
and  SI  per  loi  ;  SNOWDROPS,  3S.  W.  per  100: 
BORDER  HYACINTHS.  16,.  per  100;  NARCIS- 
SUS, 5S.  per  100  ;  500  as.orted  Spring  Bulbs  for  12J  , 

HEPATTcAsi^Blue  and  Red  ;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur.  3s.  6y.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON.OIdfield  N(ir.ery.  Allrincham. 


c 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.-Lovely  hardy  flowers  (or  cutting 

or  garden  bloom,  named,  5s.  per  dozen 
SPLENUID    PHLOXES.   PtNTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIE>,  in  the  finest  vaiieiies,  3s.  (:d.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS. -The  most  showy 

fo-ts    3s   per  dozen,  ars  per  100.  ,  ..  .  . 

CARNATION^  and  PI^OIEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts 

6s    per   dozen  plants  ;    fine   Clove  and   Border    Sell 

varieties.  4'.  per  dozen— all  from  layers. 
LILIES.-Candidum.  Orange,  and  'l  rger  Lilies,  3J.  per  doz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  «ndSON.  OldfieW  Nursery.  Aimncham. 

A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOL/\RI*S,   IS.    U.  per  dozin.  (rem  stores. 

BOUv"a'r°Di"«"tREE    C.4RNAT10VS.    DEUTZIA 
I5KACILI3— In  pots  for  early    bloomrng,  6s..  9s., 

spiR.«A  ',aponica"'dielytra  SPECTABILIS.- 

Kine  clumps.  5s.  per  dozen.  n       -  u 

AZALEAS -Ghent,    mollis,    pf  nlici.  or    indica.    all   with 

huds   fir  forcrne,  181.,  a4S  .  and  3-s.  per  doze.;. 
WM    C  .lURAN  AND  bON.Odri.  Id  Nursery,  AUrucham. 

SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
iu.oranforM  de,  ale  Prices  of  all  BUl^BS,  PlANIS. 
or  TREES  vou  want  (or  In  or  Outdotr  Gardenrng  :  also  lor 
(  UT  FLOWERS.  WREATHS,  CROSSES.  BOU- 
QUETS, &c         __^ 

WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12.    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


SPECIAL      OFFEK^  TO^THE     TRADE. 

CH  R.      BERTRAM. 

Seed  Grower  and  Mercnant,  Stendal.   Germany, 

Begs  to  cITer,  Free  to  London,  for  Cash  or  Cheque  ;  — 
?^iy!l1.Po"N 'p°A,lLis;r,rTRTAR.CUM),  ^.  .OS.  p.  IOC. 

bJe-u!t"lmv1d;',ran'^n\"lui\;fii'^:dr'io^^^^^^ 
upwards  of  500  of  each  reduced  rates  on  a[  plication. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


485 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  sine'e  varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  ".hade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine.  from  izr.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  strooE  planu. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  t»r;v  be  knocked 
out  of  pots  aod  sent  by  parcel  oost.—RICHARD  SMITH 
AMD  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Spet^al  Offer  — Expiration  of  Lease. 
"DOSES,  Best  Dwarf  H.P.,  35^.  per  100  ;  fifty 


NEW  ROSES  of  1885,  in  48  pots,  IJJ. 
STAND.\RD  ROSES,  including  Gloit 


de  Dijon  and  Marc'chal 


APPLE  TREES,  Standards,  i8t.  per  dor.;  Pyramids,  tjj.doz. 

,,     ..     Bush,  6j.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained,  21J.  per  dozen. 

PEARS,  Standards,  i8s.  per  dozen  ;  Pyramids,  5  to  6  feet,  jij. 

per  dozen. 

,,     Dwarf-trained,  34^.  per  dozen. 

PLl/MS.  Standards,  i8r.  per  dozen  ;  Trained,  94J.  per  dozen. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  so'ts,  as.  6d. 

per  dozen,  i?f.  per  100. 
CURRANTS.  Red  and  Black,  21.  per  dozen,  151  per  100. 
C'JNIFIlRS,  for  Lawn  Planting,  all  good  varieties,  tjj.  p.  doz. 
SHRUBS.  Flowering.  4^.  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree.  8s.  per  dozen. 
BAV,  S"eet.  as.  to  tSj.  per  dozen,  2  to  3  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  3  to  to  feet,  8j.  10241.  per  dozen. 
IVIES,  in  sorts.  Plain  and  Variegated,  in  pots,  <js.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS,    Portugal,  SUndards,   2  feet  stems,  good  Jheads, 

2S  6ir.  each. 
PYRUS  MAULEI,  fruit  makes  a  delic 
9'. 


\  preserve. 


pots, 


PRIVET,  for  Hedge  Planting,  ijj.  to  25J.  per  icoo. 
ASH,  Weening,  st.ra^  8  to  10  feet,  31.  6z.  each. 
LABURNUMS,  good  herds,  11.  each 
ELMS   forAveni.e  Planting   9  to  ij  feet.  11.  W.  each. 
PI  ANES,  best  f.  r  Town  Flaming,  8  to  to  ft..  li.  6  i.  eacl 
POPLARS,  Black  Ital.an,  8  to  12  ft.    6..  to  i2j.  perdo 
SVCAMOkE,  8  to  lofeet    61   per  dozen. 
THORNS,  Standard,  fl  iwering.  15J.  per  dozen. 

Thi  best  Evergrgen\ /or  Sra-iide  Planting. 
PINE,  Austrian.  12  to  18  inche-,  61.  per  ico  ;   18  10  -n 

I2J.  fit,  per   ICO  ;  24  to  30  inches,  20J.  per  loc 

36  inches.  35r.  per  too  ;  3  t( 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA,  ii 
ESCAI.LONIA  MACRANTHA,  i 
EUONYMUS,  best  green,  rj  to  18 

AMPELOPSIS  VEiTCHll,  best 
p=r  dozen. 

Caih  io  accoff/'any  o*iier. 
CATAl.OOUES  rr&t-'ree  on  application. 

CARAWAY  &  CO.,  Durdham  Down,  Cllftcn.  Bristol. 


)  4  feet.  y>s.  per 
1  pots,  4  to  5  tt.,  : 
n  pots,  (>s.  per  dozen, 
ioches,  45.  per  dozen 


cvering  wall*t  6j.  to  gj. 


A 


ZALEA    INDICA,    choice    sorts,    full    of 

-.h.ids,  iSf  ,  -us.  per  dozen. 
CAM  KI  LIAS,  full  nl  II  .w.r  buds,  24J.,  30-.  dozen. 
STOVE    or    <_;REENH0USE     PLANTS,    in    beautiful 
n  iweting  and  ornamental  foliage,  in  50  varieties,  42*   ; 
in  ICO  varieties.  63^.  aod  105s. 
DECORATIVE  FEKNS,  zn.  and  ^ts. 
CHOICE  DRACHMAS,  fj..  9». 
CROTONS.  in  iwrlve  fine  varieties,  6s  ,  12s. 
GARDENIAS,  full  of  bloom-buds,  to  bloom  at  Christmaf, 

CATALOGUE  of  cheap  rffcr  on  application. 
-lOO  Bulbs  for  21s-     The  Collection  will  include  Selections 

from  the  following  : — 
Hyacinths.  I  Snowflakes.         I      Winter  Aconites. 


ng  pnces  : — 


.  ,«■. 


Crocus.  Jonquils. 

Ammones.  Muscaria. 

Camissia.  1  Scilla. 

Bulbs,  carriage  paid,  at  the  folio 

•  HYACINTHS,  first  quality  and  sort 
,  SNOWDROPS,  single  or  double,  2S  6,^. 
1  CROCUS,  vellow,  is.  6rf.  ;  white,  blue  and  striped, 
■  NARCISSUS,  double  Daffodil,  td  ;  Lent  Lily,  id. 
t       ,,     double  white,  Odorata.  9^. 

!       ..     nanus,  the  earliest  and  dwarfest,  IS. 

r  ANEMONE.S  d  ubie  Poppy-flowered,  nd.  :  single,  id. 

1  DOG'S-TOOTH  VIOLEl  S,  is. :  12  JONQUILS,  is. 

!  IRIS,  Enitlish,  IS.  ;  la  Spanish,  bd. 

I       .,     Japanese,  6s,  ;  12  English  Flag,  1$.  kd. 

•  IXIAS.  SPARAXISor  TRITONIAS.  IS. 
1  LILIUM  CANDinUM,  large  white,  3s. 

I      „     LONGIFLORUM.  long  white  irumpet,  3t. 
!       „     TIG"  K,  2S.  6rf  ;  12  various  sorts,  6s. 
.  RANUNCULU,S,  mixed  colours.  6d. 
12  SCILLA  SIBIRICA,  lovely  blue,  6d.  and  id. 
F.   C.    HENDERSON    and    SON,    Pine-apple    Nurseiy, 
Maida  Vale,  London,  N.W. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WOBCESTEB.. 


^^emiect/fi^  <^ee,. 


OUR  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

Much  the  finest  and  best  kept  collection  in  the  world.  -As  it  is 
impossible  to  produce  blooms  fit  to  be  seen  on  an  exhibition 
table  without  their  being  more  or  lets  dressed,  send  (or  our 
Catalogue,  giving  full  particuLirs.  IVORY  TWEEZERS,  +r. 
per  pair  ;  S  I'EEL  Duio,  for  removing  all  defective  and  gieen 
centres.  2i  6</ ,  post  free;  and  oiher  invaluable  information. 
All  lovers  of  this  flower  should  communicate  at  once  with  us. 

Our  new  and  proper  mode  of  showing  Chtysanlhemums  is  also 
illustrated  and  fully  described. 


C  ANNBLL     &     SONS, 

THE    HOME   OF   FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,     KENT. 


GARTERS' 

CHOICE 

HYACINTHS 

rhe  best  for  Exhibition  and  General  Effect 


6 

12 

12 

50 
SO 


Named 


HYACINTHS. 

in  6  sons. 


Named    HYACINTHS.   PRICE 

in  12  sorts,   for    glasses. 


Named   HYACINTHS,    price 

in   12   6ort,s,    for  pots. 
Cheaper  sorts,  6s.  &  73. 6d.  per  doz, 

Named  HYACINTHS,   price 

in  25  sorts. 

Named  HYACINTHS,  price 

in  50  sorts. 


4/6 
8/- 
8/6 

35/- 
40/- 


100  »»™»5IPl"J-'""65/- 


Named  HYACINTHS,  price 


75/- 


lUU  In  iOO  sorts. 

ALL    PARCELS    CARRIAGE    FREE. 

es  of  varieties  composing 
gratis  and  post  free. 
^  SEEDSMEN 

^"^  By  Royal  Warrant   to 

\^f  CXylyL^yVil  ^jjj,  pRn,oE  or  wales 
237  &  238,    HIGH    HOLBORN, 

LONDON. 


JULES  DE  COCK,  NURSERY^fAN,   Ghent, 

"  Belgium.  —  Purple  BEECH  (Fagus  purpme,).  true 
variety,  i.yr.,  51.  per  100,  401.  per  loco.  HVDDANGEA 
PANICULATA  ChANDI  FLORA,  very  good  plarts  3;r.  per 
100.  SPIR/EA  lAPONICA.  beautiful  clumps,  ;£^  rer  1000. 
AZALEA  INDICA.  with  fine  heads,  with  buds.  jt;.  /Co  Ifi, 
ijioper  100;   A.  MOLLIS,  with  buds,  {,2  and  {,1,  per  ico. 

FRICAN     TUBEROSES.— Just     ,ti  lived, 

'a  spleadid  condition,  enormous  Bulbs  for  present  Plant- 


A 


Exete 

FRUIT  TREES. —  Fine  healthy  stock  of 
extra-sized  trees.  Horizontal  and  Dwarf-trained  APl'I.KS 
and  PEARS,  Uwjrf-trained  APRICOTS,  PEACH  E,-', 
PLUMS,  and  NECTARINES;  Standard  and  Pyramidal 
PEARS  and  PLUMS.  Fruiting  trees,  in  pots,  of  APRICOTS. 
PEACHES,    NECTARINES,  and    FIGS.     Price .  on  appli- 


ND  SONS.  The  N 


Wimb'edo: 


VTEW    EUCHARIS.— First-class  Certificate 

-l-~  was  awarded  last  Tuesday  to  the  new  EUCHAKIS 
MASTERSII,  by  the  Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal  Ho.  ULul- 
tural  Society.     Piice  si.  each,  t  guineas  per  dozen. 

WILLIAM     BULL.    F.L.S..    Establishment    for    New  and 
Rare  Plants,  536.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S  W. 

Q.REAT  QALE  of  "NTURSERY  Q1X)CK^ 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at   he 

KINGSTON     HILL     NURSE  KY, 

During  the  months  of 

OCTOBER  AND    NOVEMBKR, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUSl   AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES  AND  FRUIT  TREES, 

At  Greatly  Reduced  Prices. 

The  Trade  and    Private   Buyers  will  find  this  an   exictlcnt 
oppoituniiy  for  Stockiog. 

T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERI ES,     KINGSTON-ON-TH.t  ''ES. 

Reclamation  of  Lindow  Common. 

SP£CI&I.  OCFBR  of  Rica  PEAT  SOILS. 


No.   I. — Best    Selected    Brown,    Fibrous,    and 

Sandy  Prai    (well  known  to  be  very  scarce  -n.l  n.uch 
piiz,:o)      Puce  I3J.  perton,  frte  on  rails  i,i  t.ncUjads. 

No.  2. — Good  Dark  Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  los. 

per  ton.  in  trucks.     'Ihis  is  a  good  Peat,  and  should  be 
largely  used  io  all  Gardens. 

No.  3. — Common  Sandy  Peat,  Zs.  per  ton,  in 
No.  4.— Bog  Peat,  very  largely  used  for  Planting 

Trees  aud  Shrubs  in,  %s.  per  tun,  in  truckluads 

No.  5.— Rich  Old    Leaf-Mould,  being  ancient 

forest  remains       PoS5es>e;,   the  very  essence   of  plant 
food.     Invaluable  for  all  purposes.     201.  per  ton. 
Sample  baes  of  2  bu-hel.  sent,  carriage  free,  bv  rail    to  any 
part  within  250  miles,  for  31.    dd.      Special  bargains  for  large 
quantities,  and  oelivery  by  cart  wilhin  20  miles. 

JOHNSON   &  CO.,  Stanley  Nurspries, 
LINDOW  COMMON,   WILMSLOW,  CHESHIRE. 

T  U   R   N    I    PS 

CAB  B A  G  E . 


HOWCROFT    &    WATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seedsmen. 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W  C. 


THE    BOILER    OF   THE    AGE. 


WEEKS'8  PATENT  DUPLEX  UPRIGHT  TUBULAR  BOILER 

PRESENTS    A    CAREER    OF    UNPARALLELED    ACHIEVEMENTS. 


Up^vards     of     3500     in     Operation. 

A  guarantee  for  ten  years  (subject  to  the  usual  printed  conditions)  given  with  every  boiler  fixed  by  J.  Weeks  &  Co. 
Full  particulars  and  Illustrated  Catalogue,  \-^th  edition,  post-free. 


Address— J.  WEEKS  &   CO.,  Horticultural  Engineers,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,   S.W. 


486 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  18 


VEITCE'S  DAErOBILS 

for  Pot-Culture  or  Planting. 


JAMES  VEITCH"  &  SONS, 

Hoyal  Fxotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  SW. 

Our  CMicU'n  of  tlieie  hardy  and  atlractive  e-irly  sfring. 
flo,«irins  Bulb!  embraces  all  the  finf"  and  moU  dnUmi 
wVll'""iii>n  varieliee,  as  also  the  most  beautiful  and  desirable 
neiu  hybrids. 

BIOOLOR    HORSFIELDII   (King  of  DaffodUs). 

A  spltndid  large  (ree-flowerirg  early  variety. 

Per  dozen,  los. 

BIOOLOR    EMPRESS. 

One  of  the  largest  and  noblest  of  all  Daffodils,  grand  form. 

Each,  IS.  bd-  ;  per  dozen,  15s. 

BICOLOR    LORIFOLinS    RUGILOBnS. 

Showv  variety,  very  free  bloom.ng  and  early,  hne  tor  cutting. 

Ptr  dozen,  21-  id  :  per  ico.  151. 

BICOLOR    LORIFOLIUS    EMPEROR. 

The  most  noble  and  striking  D..frodll  in  cultivation, 

beautiful   and    desirable   variety. 

Each,  !J.  n)erdnzen.  2ii. 

MAJOR    MAXIMU3.      ,   „  „  „  ,., 

Immense  size    one  of  the  finest  and  Largest  of  all  Daflodils. 

Per  dozen,  55.  6d. 

MAJOR    OBVALLARIS    (Tenby  DaffodU).. 

Bright  yellow,  dw.„f.  and  floriferous  ;  one  of  the  earliest. 

Per  dozen,  2S.  :  per  100,  12s.  id. 

MOSOHATUS    CERNOBS    PLENUS, 

An  extremely  beautiful  and  very  scarce  crearay-white  vaiiet) 

'^  '  Each,  IS.  6d. 

MOSCHATUS    PALLIDUS    PRiEOOX. 

Verv  early  flowering,  pale  sulphur  coloured  flowers. 

Per  dozen,  3!. 

0  D  0  R  U  S       M  I  N  0  R      P  L  E  N  U  S 
((}ueen  Anne  s  Double  JonquU). 

One   of  the   prettiest  and    most    exquisue    varieties. 

Per  dozen.  €s. 

POETIOUS    ORNATUS. 

Very  early,  broad  pure  white  perianth,  with  red  crown. 

Per  doien.  ij  gd.  ;  per  ico,  izj.  trf. 
SINGLE   DAFFODIL   (Lent  Lily).     Per  100,  V- 

DOUBLE   DAFFODIL.      Per  100.  3s 

PHEASANTS    EYE    NARCISSUS.      Per  .00,  ;! 

DOUBLE    WHITE    SWEET-SCENTED    NARCISSUS, 


■  For  otlier  7'arieties, 


e  CATALOGUE,  Cra, 


:nd 


Post-free  on  applL-    -- 

ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY, 

C  H  E  L  SEA.    S.W. 

WARE^S^AUTUiyiN    CATALOGUE 

ROSES— .Ml  the  best. 

H&BiDY     CLIMBERS  —  Every     variely     worth 

CARNATIONS -Including  Trees,  Shows,  Yellows, 

and  Border  varieties. 

PYRETHRUMS— Double  and  Single. 
PINKS— In  gre.it  variety. 
SWEET    VIOLETS— AH  first-class  sorts. 
PiEONIES  .-  -\  grand    collection    of    Doable    and 

Suicle  v.arielies. 

BLACKBERRIES  —  Best  adapted  to  the  BrilUh 

Clim.ue. 
NOVELTIES— Many  valuable  introductions, 
MANY    OTHER    TREES,    SHRUBS,    and 

PLANTS  adapted  for  present  planting. 
Catalogue  may  he  had  on  application. 


THOMAS   S.   WARE, 

HALE    FARM   NURSERIES,   TOTTENHAM.  LONDON. 

CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"The  hardy  flowering  plant  ol  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  July  28,  1883.) 

Now  being  sent  out  at  71.  dd.   and  lor.  61/,  tach. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES  NOBLE,  BAGSHOT  _ 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  isoo  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Desciiptive    '*  List  of   New,   Rake,    and  Choicb 


De 


-Ha 


vNoR 


1  Ferns,"  free. 


W.  (ft  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


Autumn   and   Winter-flowering   Plants. 

B,  S.  WILLIAMS 

Begs  to  announce  that  in  consequence  of  the  hot  summer 
his  stock  of  the  above  is  remarkably  fine  this  year,  and  well 
set  for  flower.  Early  Orders  are  solicited  for  the  following, 
which  are  now  ready  for  delivery  : 

AZALEA  INDICA.  in  variety. 

„     MOLLIS,  seedlings  and  named  sorts. 

BOUVARDIAS,  leadine  kinds. 

CAMELLIAS,  leadin;  kinds.      [GIGANTEUM. 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  and  C   PERSICUM 

DEUTZIA  CRENATA  FLORE-PLENO. 
„     GRACILIS. 

EPAtRIS,  leading  kinds.    ERICAS,  leadingkinds. 

HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      GRANDI- 

KALMIAS.  [FLORA. 

LILACS,  Chas.  X.,  and  other  leading  sorts. 

PRIMULAS  SINENSIS  ALBA-PLENA. 
,.     double   leading  kinds. 

RHODODENDRONS,  of  sorts. 

SOLANUMS.  Williams' hybrid. 

STAPHVLEA  COLCHICA. 


GRAPE        VINES. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  for  Vines.     The  canes  both  for 
fruitiug  and  planting  are  this  year  rematkably  fine. 

For  complete  List  and  Prices,  see 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE, 

which  can  be  had  Gratis  and  Post  free  on  application. 


VICTORIA  a-d  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,   LONDON,  N. 


;  (Oil)  Q:sf.ibU3lii:i). 


Of^NAMENTAL   TREES.       { 

ffiuit  tirccs,         I 

Evergreens  &  Cover  Plants,  \ 
IROSCS,  \ 

ALL  OTHER  Trees  4  Plants^ 


SPLENDID   QUALITY. 


NURSERIES   200   Acres. 


yu-liiiblcnltoaiig.  Address  in  full — 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

—>■«»-  Sbcstcr.  -«!—!- 


^ 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 

WE  oft'er  an  immense  assortment  of 
Choice  Fbwer  Roots,  including  all  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  ol  HYACINTHS,  TULIP.^,  NARCISSI, 
LILIES,  GLADIOLI,  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMO- 
NES, &c  ,  all  at  the  most  moderate  puces. 

DANIELS^     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collpctions^Carria.. tt  Frek. 

FOR     OUTDOOR     DECORATION. 

No.  1.  Containing  1573  Selected  Roots      ..  . .  ^2     a     o 

,.     2  ..  1135         »  I   It     6 

FOR  GREENHOUSE  OR  CONSERVATORY. 

No.  5.  Containing    968  Selected  Rcots      ..  . .  £,\     t,     o 


FOR    POTS.    WINDOW-BOXES.    &C. 

o.  Containing  771  Selected  Roots  . .  ^ 


These  collections  are  carefuHy  arranged,  and  are  made 
up  from  so'ind  picked  roots  oi.ly  ;  will  be  fouad  the  cheapest 
and  best  a-;soitments  ever  offered 

Beautifully  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Cho 


,  Fruit  Trees,  Sit; 


-ly  Plants,   &c.,free  c 


DANIELS    BROS. 

BULB    MERCHANTS    and   NURSERYHI EN, 
NORWICH. 


Excellence   combined 
with  Economy. 


^EBBS' 


COLLECTIONS  OF 
The  Finest  Selected 


BULBS. 


For  OUTDOOR  DECORATION. 


Webbs'  Cdlect 

on  A  contai 

Webbs'  Collect 

on  B  contai 

Webb.'  Collect 

on  C  conlair 

Webbs'  Collect 

on  D  contai 

Webbs'  Collecl 

n  Econtalr 

Webbs'  Colleci 

M  F  contain 

Webbs' Collect 

on  G  contai 

Webbs'  Collect 

onHcontair 

2873  Bulbs 
i88»  Bulbs 
1 28  J  Bulbs 
681  Bulbs 
434  Bulbs 
315  Bulbs 
2C3  Bulbs 
it4  Bulbs 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs'  Collecti 
Webbs'  Coll. 
Webbs'  Collect: 
Webbs'  Colli 
Webbs' Co' ^ 
Webbs'  Collecti 


461  Bulbs 
262  Bulbs 
207  Bulbs 
134  Bulbs 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  4c. 


Webbs'  Collection  O  contai 
Webbs'  Collection  P  conta: 
Webbs'  Collection  Q  c 
Webbs'  Collection  K  contai 
Webbs'  Collection  S  coat, 
Webbs'  Collection  T  contai 


1  to3i  Bu'bs 
1  f47  Bulbs 
i  457  Bulbs 
i  255  Bulbs 
i  163  Bulbs 
>    127  Bulbs 


SPECIAL,— As  Messrs.  'Webl)  & 
Sons  are  probably  the  largest  growers 
and  Importers  of  Bulbs  they  are  en- 
abled to  offer  the  finest  selected  roots 
at  very  low  prices. 


^VEBBS' 
COMBINED  COLLECTION 

of  Bulbs  for  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Cultivation. 


PBIC£ 

21s., 

Carriage  Free, 

497 

of  the  fiuest 

BULBS. 


>  Crocuses,  bedding,  in  variety 

\  Hyacinths,  bedding,  mixed 

i       ,,     fine  named 

)  Natcissu<,  double  ^^hite 

•       ,,     Poeticus 

.       ..Van  Sion 

[  Polyanthus  Narcissus 

)  Ranunculus,  mi.ved 

!  Scilla  Siberica 

»  Snowdrops 

!  Tulips,  double,  mixed 

c       .,     single,  mixed 
)  Winter  Aconites 


WEBBS'     BULB     CATALOGUE 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 


Delivered  Free  by  Post  or  Rait. 
Discount  for  Cash. 


THE    tjUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

W0RD8LEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


'487 


APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  behalf  of  Two  Sisters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72, 
who  have  lived  together  all  their  lives  (the  younger  hns 
been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  but  the  leases  ot  their 
property  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  have  vainly  struggled 
to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apartments,  the  little  money 
ihey  had  saved  being  now  quite  exhausted,  and  owing 
over  a  >ears  rent,  make  this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save 
their  home  from  being  broken  up,  and  parting  with 
everything  they  possess.  Will  any  kind  Friends  help 
them  in  their  deepest  distress?  The  following  persons 
have  kmdly  allowed  a  reference  to  be  made  to  them, 
and  will  give  every  information  respecting  the  genuineness 
of  this  appeal  : — 

Dr.    MAXWELL   T.  MASTERS.    F.R.S.,    41.  Wellington 
Etrtet.  Strand.  W.C. 
Mrs.   DOWNING,  59.  Lupus  Street.  Pimlico.  S.W. 
Mr.  J.  KEASLEY.  62,  Saltoun  Road.  Brixton,  S.W. 
Mr,  W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Welliogion  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Cojitributions  gratefully  received  a?id  thank- 
fully acknowledj^ed  by  -^r.  w.  RICHARDS, 
"Gardeners'   Chronicle"  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


National  Pear  Conference, 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Garden^ 
Chiswicky  Oct.  20  to  Nov.  4. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 


OCTOBER  17  and  FOLLOUJXG    WEEKS. 


PEARS     AND     PEAR     CULTURE, 


ORIGINAL 


of  the  day, 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  issue  for  October  24  il'HI  contain  a  full 
REPORT  of  the  EXHIBITION  of  PEARS 

AT    CHISWICK. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  these  Numbers  are 
the  following  eminent  Fomologisis  :— 


Messrs.  Backhouse,  York 

R.    Gilbert.    Burleigh,    North- 

A.  F.  Barron,  Chiswick,  Mid- 

amptonshire 

dlcseK 

T.     Jones,      Royal     Gardens. 

R.  D.  Blickmoic.TeddmBtm, 

Frogmore 

Middlesex 

H.    Lane  &   Son',    Berkham- 

G.  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  Kent 

stead 

T.  Coomber,  Monmouth 

C.      1  ee      &      Son,        Ealing, 

The    Cranston    Nursery    Co  , 

M.rldlesex 

Hereford 

W.     Miller.     Combe    Abbey, 

A.  Dean,  Bedfont,  Middlesex 

Warwickshire 

M.    Dunn,    Dalkeith,   Midlo- 

Francis    R.v;rs,     Sawbndge- 

thian 

worth,  Herts 

J.s    Dickson,  Che  ter 

C.  B.  Saunders,  Jersey 

K.  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester 

R    Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester 

J.  Douglas,  Ilford,  Essex 

W.     W.ldsmith,       Heckfield, 

W.  Earley,  Illord,  E^sex 

Hants 

.S.  Fird,  Leonardslee.  Sussex 

J.  Veitch  &  Sons.  Fulham 

D.  T.  Fish,  Bury  St  Edmund's 

&c.,    &c. 

Price  id  ,  post-free  sj^'/. 

May  be  ordered  of  alt   Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at 

the  Railway  Bookstalls,  or  obtained  direct  from  the  Publisher 

W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

FOR  SALE,  7000  GENISTAS,  in  5-inch 
pots.  E"od  plants,  at  25s.  and  iZs  per  io3.  To  the  Trade 
only,  for  Cash  Post-office  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
Boxes  for  packing  charged  for. 

T.  BALDWIN  AND  SON.  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  Ed.th 
Nursery,  Burchall  Road,  Vicarage  Road,  Leyton. 

ERMAN      BUDDENBORG^      B  u  ld 

Grower,  Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland  (formerly 
BuDDENBoRG  Bro.s.).  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  in 
Great  Britain  that  he  has  established  himself  under  his  own 
name,  and  on  his  own  account,  as  BULB  GROWER 
NURSERYMAN  and  SEEDSMAN  ;  and  kindly  solicits  the 
continuance  of  the  same  patronage  and  confidence  as  was  en- 
trusied  to  him  for  so  many  years.  He  will  be  pleased  to  receive 
tTie  Wholesale  Price  LISTS  of  his  Commercial  Friends,  and  will 
mail  his  own  free  on  demand. 

BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to 
•  the  T  rade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyeraalis  and  other  varietia-),  EPACRIS, 
SOI.ANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDE- 
NIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  Pots,  &c.    An  inspection  U  invited. 

Trade  CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 
Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S.E. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants.  3^.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVtL  AND  SON. 

Strawberry    Growers.      Driffield. 

JAPANESE      CHRYSANTHEMiTm, 

O  G.  WERMIG  —One  mass  of  large  golden  flowers  f  om 
Aiigu-t  to  November,  out-of-doors.  First-class  Cctiificaies  of 
the  Royal  Ho'licultural  Society  and  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society.  Highest  references  in  the  gardening  papers.  Mr. 
^'.vtEs.  the  leading  grower,  says  of  it  in  the  yournal of  Harti' 
cuiiU'e: — 'A  most  valuable  aquisition.  I  congratulate  Mr. 
Wermig  upon  fixing  such  a  spoil."  Big  store  plants  out  of  the 
ground.  2S  each,  iSr.  per  dozen.     Cash  with  order. 

G.  WERMIG,  Florist,  Woking,  and   154  and   155,   Covent 
Garden  Wholesale  Flower  Market,  W.C. 


BEAUTIFULIifi 


W    FLOWERS 

WIITER    and 

-       SPRIIG, 

1                                                    1 

Sutton's  Bulb  Catalogue, 

Containing  Complete  Cultural  Instructions 


COLLECTION  C, 

Open  Ground, 
42s. 

1220  Choice  Bulbs. 


COLLECTION  H, 

Pots  (Si  Glasses, 
42s. 

430  Cbolce  Bulbs 


203.  Valu9  Carriige  Free. 


SUTTON'S 


COLLECTIONS 


FLOWER  ROOTS 


CoataiD  the  Best  and  Host  Liberal 
Assortments. 


COLLECTION  J, 

Pots  &  Glasses, 
21s. 

250  Choice  Bulbs. 


COLLECTION  D, 

Open  Ground, 
21s. 

60.0  Choice  Bulbs. 


5  per  Cent.  Discount  allowed  for  Cash  Payment 

_1 L 


Sutton's  Bulb  Catalogue, 

Containing  Complete  Cultural  Instructions, 

Cr.itis  aii.l  pcst/ue  e':  npflicati,,,,. 


mfmvc/om 


SEEDSMEN   BY   ROYAL  WARRANTS 

To  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,    and 

H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

HEADING,       B£KKS. 


M  w^y^  ^^^'^^-■Z^ '^T^^^i'^ 

THE 
SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    17,    1S85. 


PEARS  FOR   SMALL   GARDENS. 

I  'HE  approaching  Pear  Congress  recalls  some 

J-  experiments  in  the  cultivation  of  pyramids 
and  bushes  inmyown  garden  inEsse.\.  I  had  ten 
years'  experience  of  the  system  which  the  late 
Mr.  Rivers  described  in  his  Miniature  Fruit 
Garden,  and  which  he  personally  explained  to 
me  ;  and  when  last  I  saw  my  old  favourites,  all 
budded  or  double-grafted  on  Muince  stocks  to 
dwarf  their  growth,  they  were  bearing  large 
crops  of  fruit.  1  was  ati  amateur,  but  in  paying 
a  recent  visit  to  the  famous  nurseries  at  Saw- 
bridgeworth  one  of  the  questions  put  to  the 
existing  firm  was  "  Why  should  not  the  problem 
of  Pear-growing  for  the  million  be  solved  by 
cottagers.'"  The  Pear  is  peculiar.  Other 
fruits  can  be  grown  by  the  acre  almost  any- 
where, but  I  observed  lately  that  Lord  Sudeley, 
in  his  Worcestershire  experiment,  had  planted 
thousands  of  other  fruit  trees,  but  a  few  hundreds 
only  of  Pears.  It  is  the  same  in  Kent,  where 
Pears  are  grown  in  very  small  quantities  com- 
pared with  Apples,  Cherries,  Plums,  and  small 
fruits.  The  Pear  of  Old  England,  which  gave 
the  name  of  Pear  Tree  to  scores  of  sites  and 
spots  in  various  counties,  will  flourish  in  all 
soils,  drive  its  roots  deep  down  in  clays  or 
gravels,  still  growing  into  the  same  sturdy,  rigid, 
tree  and  bearing  the  same  big  crops  of  hard 
and  indifferent  fruit.  But  Pears  that  melt  in 
the  mouth,  like  Marie  Louise,  or  buttery  Pears 
like  Beurri;  Bosc,  are  all  fastidious  subjects,  re- 
quiring warm  soils  and  plenty  of  sun.  All  the 
conditions  of  their  production  must  be  favour- 
able—sort, stock,  soil,  and  site  must  all  be  well 
chosen,  and  some  will  succeed  where  others 
may  fail. 

In  a  tent,  on  a  village  green  in  Sussex,  the 
other  day  several  prizes  for  Pears  were  awarded 
to  cottagers,  and  each  Pear  would  have  sold  at 
(id.  or  Si/,  in  the  fruiterers'  shops  at  Eastbourne. 

In  another  Sussex  village  I  have  more  than 
once  heard  from  a  cottager  the  story  of  the 
Plum  tree,  price  u,  sort  Victoria,  which  he 
planted  against  his  house,  and  which  soon 
brought  him  a  crop  of  eight  dozen,  which  he 
sold  to  a  dealer  at  \zs.  a  dozen.  Plums  are  not 
my  subject,  but  near  that  profitable  Plum  tree, 
in  aniuher  cottage  garden,  is  a  big  bush  of 
Williams'  Bon  Chriitien  which  produced  nearly 
a  bushel  of  Pears  this  year.  I  called  several 
times  in  passing  the  cottage  to  admire  the 
Pears  and  to  witness  certain  smiling  faces  as 
the  crop  ripened,  till  one  day  I  found  the  tree 
stripped.  A  dealer  had  called,  and  for  each 
Pear  he  had  left  behind  a  penny.  They  were 
retailed  in  the  nearest  town  at  id.  and  s^/.  each. 

As  in  Essex,  so  in  Sussex,  or  any  other  dry 
county  not  too  far  North.  You  may  grow  in 
dry  climates  the  finest  dessert  fruit  on  the 
various  kinds  of  dwarf  trees.  There  are  soils 
and  sites  here  and  there  capable  of  producing 
the  best  Pears  on  large  orchard  trees,  but  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  artificial  system  of  Mr. 
Rivers  might  be  carried  out  generally  by  cot- 
tagers, because  the  great  obstacle  to  the  plan, 


488 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  17,  18 


the  cost  of  labour,  would  be  obviated.  I  cannot 
show  a  balance-sheet  of  my  own  Pear  garden, 
inasmuch  as  the  produce  was  consumed  at 
home,  but  I  can  say  that  the  labour  cost 
nothing,  for  I  planted,  pruned,  and  pinched 
the  trees  myself  and  also  picked  the  crop.  In 
the  case  of  cottagers,  too,  the  labour  of  the 
garden  is  a  labour  of  love.  The  cost  of  the 
best  Pear  trees,  two  and  three  years  double 
grafted,  is  30J.  per  dozen,  or  one  year  grafted 
i8j.  per  dozen,  or  less  ;  and  I  believe  that  if 
two  or  three  millions  of  these  dwarfed  fruit 
trees  were  planted  in  cottagers'  gardens  by  the 
landowners,  who  might  charge  ten  per  cent, 
on  the  outlay,  that  a  considerable  income  would 
devolve  upon  a  class  whose  homes  cannot  be 
made  too  attractive.  I  asked  at  Sawbridge- 
worth,  the  other  day,  "  What  do  you  think  of 
this  scheme  .' "  and  I  got  a  reply  conveying  real 
information,  with  examples,  for  the  cottagers  of 
that  neighbourhood  have  borrowed  the  practice 
set  before  their  eyes  during  the  past  forty  years 
by  Messrs.  Rivers,  and  are  growing  Pears  on 
small  trees  as  they  do. 

Within  the  limits  of  this  nursery  of  140  acres, 
mainly  devoted  to  fruit  trees,  with  a  few  acres 
of  Roses,  a  number  of  Pear  trees  have  been 
planted,  as  examples  for  the  production  of  fruit 
and  and  to  show  the  various  methods  of  train- 
ing. The  espaliers,  and  five-branched  cordons 
are  kept  in  form  by  five  wires  held  by  sticks 
and  supported  by  strong  posts,  30  feet  apart. 
Some  of  the  cordons  are  diagonal,  others  upright, 
and  some  are  trained  to  a  single  wire  running 
parallel  with  the  ground  and  S  inches  high. 
All  the  appliances  are  inexpensive.  Those 
handsome  and  large  fruited  seedlings.  Princess 
and  Magnate,  both  raised  from  pips  of  the 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  and  both  prominent 
among  the  100  varieties  which  gained  Messrs. 
Rivers  the  ist  prize  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  Oct.  7, 
were  grown  on  cordons  only  three  years  old.  It 
used  to  be  said  of  a  Pear  planter,  he  "plants 
Pears  for  his  heirs,"  but  a  cottager  can  now 
plant  a  pip  at  the  birth  of  a  baby,  and  the 
seedling  will  begin  to  bear  almost  as  soon  as 
his  little  one  can  run  alone. 

A  great  advantage  of  small  trees  consists  in 
the  opportunity  offered  for  the  testing  of 
sorts.  In  many  gardens  sorts  unsuited  to  the 
sites  are  planted,  they  stand  ten  years  without 
bearing,  and  after  encumbering  the  ground  per- 
haps another  ten  years,  they  are  cut  down.  They 
can  be  tested  on  the  Quince  stocks  in  a  year  or 
two  byplantingcordons,or  dwarf  maidens, which 
may  be  trained  as  you  please.  Some  sorts,  as 
Gansel's  Bergamot,  bear  indifferently  on  the 
Pear  and  far  better  on  the  Quince,  when  double 
grafted.  Others  do  well  on  either  stock. 
Fondante  d'  Automne,  a  capital  October  Pear, 
with  smooth  tender  skin,  good  eye,  and  a 
particularly  well-bied  appearance,  is  one  of 
these.  Beurrd  Hardy,  another  October  Pear, 
with  a  good  deal  of  colour  when  grown  in  full 
sunlight,  is  almost  too  vigorous  in  habit  for  the 
Pear  stock,  but  it  proves  a  free-growing,  free- 
bearing  pyramid  on  the  Quince.  A  cynical 
remark  is  heard  sometimes  at  markets  that 
"  a  Pear  is  a  Pear,"  and  it  must  not  be  for- 
gotten by  growers  for  sale  that  good  quality 
is  not  more  indispensable  than  good  crops,  and 
therefore  I  would  strongly  recommend  the 
principle  of  testing  at  home  before  planting 
doubtful  sorts  largely. 

Another  point  to  bear  in  mind  is  that  Ouince 
stocks  require  good  soils.  My  own  Pear  plot 
was  a  stiff  clay,  which  is  as  ungenial  as  a  sharp 
gravel,  and  must  be  corrected.  With  this  object 
I  dug  holes  2i  feet  deep  and  3  feet  square,  and 
placed  broken  bricks  and  tiles  at  the  bottom. 
The  holes  were  then  filled  up  with  a  mixture  of 
the  clay,  with  friable  soil,  consisting  of  rotten 
turf  and  road-scrapings.  The  made  earth  was 
raised  a  foot  above  the  surface,  and  the  tree 
planted  on  the  top  to  the  depth  of  the  bud  or 


graft.  I  believe  this  plan  promotes  the  absorp- 
tion of  moisture  and  solar  heat,  and  assists  the 
ripening.  We  kept  the  ground  clean  by  hoeing, 
but  avoided  digging.  It  has  been  said  that 
raised  borders  dry  rapidly,  but  they  will  not  do 
so  if  they  are  mulched,  and  I  have  always 
thought  that  the  comparatively  shallow  root- 
hold  of  the  dwarfed  trees  which  keeps  them  out 
of  hurtful  subsoils  is  not  unfavourable  to*  them 
even  during  droughts,  owing  to  the  large  mass 
of  fibrous  roots  which  such  trees  produce. 
Growers  must  remember  that  large  fruit  crops 
can  only  be  obtained  by  means  of  abundant 
dressings.  A  strong  manure  used  by  Messrs. 
Rivers,  especially  in  pot  culture  in  orchard- 
houses,  consists  of  half  road-scrapings  and  half 
kiln-dust  mi.xed  together  and  saturated  with 
strong  liquid  manure.  Cottagers  residing  away 
from  the  great  Hertfordshire  makings  may  sub- 
stitute the  manure  of  their  pigs.  But  although 
raw  manure  may  be  used  at  the  surface  it  must 
not  be  mixed  with  the  soil  at  the  time  of  plant- 


different  shape,  and  some  may  be  noticed 
spreading  wide  and  not  more  than  3  feet  from 
the  ground,  each  bearing  this  year  about  a 
bushel. 

In  speaking  of  cottagers,  I  ought  to  have 
said,  that  in  this  parish  of  Sawbridgesvorth, 
as  elsewhere,  they  do  not  possess  properly 
constructed  fruit-rooms,  and,  therefore,  they  do 
not  grow  the  keeping  Pears,  which  require  care- 
ful storeage  and  thin  distribution  on  shelves. 
Except  a  few  hard  baking  Pears,  which  may  be 
heaped  without  injury,  almost  like  Potatos — the 
Vicar  of  Winkfield,  for  example — they  confine 
their  attention  to  early  sorts,  which  the  dealers 
collect  at  the  time  of  gathering.  Doyenne^ 
d'Ete,  ripening  in  July,  is  one  of  their  favourite 
sorts,  and  the  earliest.  As  a  bush  on  the 
(Quince  it  is  most  prolific,  but  it  must  be  double 
grafted,  Other  favourite  sorts  of  the  same 
class  are  Beacon,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  and 
itsesteemedseedlingSouvenir  duCongrts,  which 
ripens  two  or  three  weeks  later  ;  and  after  them 


102.— I'EAR-CORDON    ARCH.       (sEE    V.    4'.0.) 


ing.  The  speedyrestoration  of  exhausted  fruit 
trees  when  the  turf  of  the  orchard  proper  is 
liberally  dressed  shows  the  propriety  of  surface 
dressings. 

The  best  shapes  are  pyramids  and  bushes, 
according  to  the  habit  of  the  particular  variety 
of  Pear.  Pruning  is  a  very  simple  matter.  The 
crops  these  trees  produce  will  prevent  rampant 
growth,  and  nothing  is  needed  beyond  stopping 
the  sh  lots  in  July  and  a  necessary  thinning-out 
in  winter.  Learners  with  gardening  instincts 
soon  fall  into  this  system  of  culture.  .Some 
of  the  trees  at  Sawbridgeworth  have  been 
kept  hollow  in  the  centre,  around  which  is  a 
circle  of  long  leading  branches,  cordon-like, 
rising  8  feet  high,  and  literally  crowded  with 
Iruit.  Instead  of  ropes  of  Onions  there  are 
ropes  of  Pears,  richly  coloured,  of  various 
shapes  such  as  different  kinds  of  Pears  present, 
and  offering  to  my  thinking  a  novel  and  beau- 
tiful spectacle.  These  trees  stand  about  6  feet 
apart,  and  the  crop  in  many  cases  is  not  less 
than  a  bushel  to  a  bushel  and  a  half  on  each 
tree.  Therearebushelsontreesofotherhabit  and 


Marie  Louise  and  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  and 
Madame  Treyve,  ripening  in  October.  Fer- 
tility is  another  promising  Pear  of  the  same 
month.  These  are  followed  in  November  and 
December,  in  the  case  of  growers  who  can  keep 
them  properly,  by  a  host  of  sorts— Beurre 
Bosc,  Glou  Mor^eau,  Pitmaston  Duchess, 
Doyenne  du  Cornice,  Durandeau,  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme— a  Pear  that  recalls  some  of  the 
"idiosyncrasies"  of  fruit  trees,  for  it  proves 
insipid  when  grown  on  a  wall,  though  rich  and 
melting  as  a  pyramid  on  the  Ouince.  I  will 
merely  remind  the  grower  that  the  sorts  he  selects 
should  if  possible  be  subjected  to  the  test  of  trial 
at  home.  It  would  spoil  his  profits  to  plant  Pears 
like  Beurrif  de  I'Assomption,  for  example — a 
good  Pear, but  producing  tender  blossoms,  which 
readily  rot,  or  are  easily  cut  by  frost,  rendering 
the  variety  quite  unsuitable  for  outdoor  culture, 
though  it  is  a  noble  Pear  under  glass.  He 
would  do  wrong,  too,  to  plant  any  sort  bearing 
very  large  fruit  except  as  dwarfs,  for  such  fruit 
growing  on  tall  trees  would  be  easily  shaken 
down  by  wind.  This  seems  another  good  argu- 
ment in  favour  of  the  dwarfing  system.  H.  F.. 


October  17,  18 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


489 


m^ 


CATTLEYA  SCITA,  n.  hyi.,  nat.  (?) 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  imported  this  veiy  fine 
novelty  nmidst  a  mass  of  Cattleya  intermedia. 
Finally  it  expanded  its  flowers,  which  are  of  quite  the 
same  shape  as  those  of  the  larger  variety  of  Cattleya 
guttata.  The  sepals  and  broad  waxy  petals  are  of  the 
lightest  ochre,  with  a  few  marginal,  very  light  purple 
shades,  and  some  small  blotches  of  the  same  colour 
scattered  in  a  most  irrgular  way  over  those  organs. 
The  lip  has  its  lateral  laciniae  half  round,  projecting  in 
antrorse  sharp  angles.     The  general  colour  of  them  is 


Rchb.  f.,  give  it  two  flowered  inflorescences  of  flowers 
like  those  of  Dendrobium  radians,  Rchb.  f.,  and  you 
have  this  lovely  Bornese  novelty,  just  introduced  by 
Mr.  W.  Bull.  The  stem  at  hand  exceeds  2  feet  in" 
length,  and  is  as  thick  as  a  moderate  goosequill,  with 
6  —  8  furrows  and  blunt  angles.  Leaves  very  strong, 
gristly,  \\  inch  long  by  0.6  inch  wide  at  the  base, 
tapering,  blunt  bilobed  at  the  apex.  Racemes  very 
short,  with  two  flowers.  It  appears  most  probable  they 
will  by-and-bye  become  richer.  Ovary  green.  Long 
pedicel  white,  with  green  base.  Apex  of  mentum 
green.  Flower  purest  while.  There  is  a  fine  purple 
blotch  at  the  base  of  the  lip,  and  similar  lines  in  front  of 
the  column  under  the  fovea.  There  are  three  purple 
blotches  at  the  base  of  the  anther.  Are  they  constant  ? 
Petals  oblong,  blunt,  far  surpassing  in  extent  the 
semilanceotri^ngular  sepals,  which  have  obscure  keels. 
Lips  basilar,    lobes    very   short,    triangular,  midlobe 


biatse "  or  ChimDeroids,  I  hoped,  indeed,  to  find 
a  name  for  this,  though  its  appearance  was  puzzl- 
ing to  me.  I  must,  however,  confess,  I  did  not  come  to 
the  point.  A  specimen  of  what  may  be  the  same  I  have 
from  Wallis,  left  unnamed.  Can  it  be  a  hybrid  between 
Masdevallia  spectrum  and  M.  Chimoera?  I  should  guess 
so,  were  it  not  for  the  large  flowers  of  the  last  named 
species  and  the  comparatively  small  one  of  Masdevallia 
senilis,  and  for  the  rather  equal  length  of  the  tails  and 
bodies  of  the  sepals.  The  flower  is  equal  in  size  to  one 
of  Masdevallia  Benedicti  (troglodytes).  The  reddish- 
brown  colour  of  the  sepals  is  as  in  Masdevallias  Rcezlii, 
Winniana,  spectrum,  severa.  The  inside  is  covered 
with  numerous  exceedingly  short  yellow  hairs.  Petals 
while,  with  two  to  three  mauve-brown  spots.  Lip 
lightest  purple  and  white.  Column  light  green.  The 
large  leaves  are  remarkable  when  compared  with  the 
comparatively  >m  ill  flower    H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


Fig.    103. — MARIE   LOUISE,    ON    THE   PEAR-STOCK  :  BRANCHES    TKAINKl)    DOWN.      (SEE   P.   49O.) 


cuneate,  obovate,  emarginate,  a  little  wavy,  very  stately. 
It  is  named  Patthenium  in  allusion  to  its  white  vir- 
ginal flowers,  which  might,  no  doubt,  have  pleased 
Vesta  herself,  provided  the  Romans  had  known  Den- 
drobia.   //.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Masdevallia  senilis,  m.  j/.* 

This  was  imported  by   Messrs.    H.    Low   &    Co., 

amidst  specimens  of  Masdevallia  Chimsera.     Having 

before  me  a    set   of    more    than   twenty    "  Saccila- 

tepalis  oblongis  obtusissime  subacuti^  ;  labelli  lobis  basilaribus 
obtuse  minuteque  angulatis,  lobo  mediano  producto  magno 
ciineato  oblongo  bilobo  undulato ;  columna  _  apice  constricta 
tridentata,  infra  ampliata,  sub  fovea  sligmalicd  fovea  altera 
obtonga.  Flos  candtdus.  Labellum  disco  basilari  purpureum. 
LineEE  qUEedam  purpurex  antice  in  columna.  Ex  Borneo 
insula  introd.  dom.  W.  Bull,  Londinensls.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

*  Masdevallia  senilis,  n.  sp. — AtT.  Masdevallia  spectro  et 
Chimsera: :  folio  spatulato  acuto  extus  per  nervum  medium  cari- 
nato,  pergameneo,  pedunculobreviori  unifloro(scmper?)  :  sepalis 
a  basi  triangulis  sensim  in  oaudas  ajquilongas  attenuatis  latera. 
libus  subdivaricatis,  omnibus    parce  ac  brevissime  fiavo-pilos- 


lightest  sulphur,  anterior  edges  of  the  lacinix  purple, 
disc  white  with  some  pur  pie  lines.  Claw  of  the  lip  broad 
linear,  entire,  long  anterior  blade  transverse,  oblong, 
emarginate  in  front,  toothletted  on  the  siles.  The 
whole  of  this  part,  excluding,  however,  the  white  base 
of  the  claw,  is  of  the  finest  purple,  and  the  asperities  on 
the  disc  teach  us  clearly  the  affinity  with  Cattleya 
guttata.  Thecolumn  isof  the  lightest  yellow,  with  some 
fine  purple  lines  and  spots.  T.m.t.,  it  is  exceedingly 
elegant,  for  the  noble  simplicity  of  its  fine  colours. 
There  can  scarcely  be  a  doubt  about  its  origin.  H. 
G.  Rchb.f. 

Dendrobium  Parthenium,  n.  sp.* 
Take  the  stem  of  a  very  tall  long-leaved  Dendro- 
bium revolutum,  Lindl.,  or  of  Dendrobium   Dearei, 


latiori  oblongis  apice  obtuse  bilobis  ;  racemis  inter" folia  bifloris 
(semper  ?) ;  mento  extinctoriiformi  ovarii  pedicellati  dimidiu: 
sequante ;  sepalis  triangulis  acutis  obscure  medio  unicarinati^ 


PRUNING     AND     TRAINING 
PEARS. 

By  reference  to  my  former  remarks  at  p.  272,  it  will 
be  noted  that  mysecond  paper  has  to  deal  with  "Prun- 
ing, training,  aspects  and  the  forms  that  are  best  suited 
to  certain  varieties."  Pruning  and  training  I  take 
together,  for  the  simple  reason  that  the  mode  of  train- 
ing must  in  some  degree  determine  the  extent,  and 
frequency  or  otherwise  of  pruning.  To  illustrate  my 
meaning,  here  is  a  tree  with  a  single  or  may  be  double 
stem,  trained  to  a  wall  some  10  feet  in  height,  and 
which  we  call  a  "  cordon,"  and  on  the  same  wall  is 
another  tree  trained  horizontally,  and  covering  aspace  at 
least  twenty  times  the  size  of  the  "  cordon,"  and  each 
have  roots  proportionate  to  spread  of  branches  ;  as  a 
matter  of  course  therefore,  the  one  form  requires  very 
diflTercnt  treatment,  as  regards  pruning,  to  the  other  ; 
and  here  I  ought  to  explain,  that  I  apply  the  term 
pruning  to  bolh  root  and  branch,  for  the  one  always 
acts  in  sympathy  with,  or  rather  is  influenced  by  the 
treatment  the  other  receives. 

/'«/H;Mi'.— Wilh  this  explanation  I  pass  on  to 
note  the  fact  that  some  good  gardeners,  men 
of  deep  thought  and  of  fiist-rate  practical  ability, 
di' parage  pruning,  and  do  just  as  little  of  it  as 
they  are  obliged  to  do,  for  appearance  sake— I 
mean  ihe  appearance  of  the  trees.  Their  favourite  argu- 
ment is  that  Nature  ought  to  be  allowed  to  prune  by 
fruitfulness.  Well,  sometimes  (very  rarely  though) 
Nature  does  oblige  us,  but  she  is  far  too  freaky  to  be 
trusted  at  all  times,  and  as  regards  Pears,  never. 
Extension  or  freedom  of  growth  combined  with 
renewal  of  soil,  will  sometimes  revive  the  waning 
vigour  of  an  old  tree,  but  once  that  vigour  is  assured 
there  will  be  but  little  fruit  unless  the  pruniog-knife 
is  judiciously  applied.  I  grant  that  fruitfulness 
would  be  the  best  pruner,  or,  say  the  preventer  of  the 
n;cessity  of  it,  but  then  how  is  this  constant  fruitful- 
ness to  be  attained  ?  Why,  in  no  other  way  than  by 
pruning.  Call  this  dogmatism,  or  by  whatever  term 
you  like,  I  have  proved  it  by  that  best  of  all 
tests,  namely,  abundant  crops  of  fruit  from  the 
same  trees  every  year  and  for  many  years  in 
succession. 

Having  decided  that  it  is  necessary  to  prune, 
next  come  the  questions  to  what  extent,  and 
at  what  season  it  should  be  done— questions  most 
diflicult  to  answer  in  a  way  to  suit  varying  climates 
and  soils,  hence  general  answers  can  only  be  given. 
In  my  former  paper  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
Quince  was  most  in  favour  as  a  stock  for  Pear 
growing,  and  it  gains  another  mark  in  respect 
of  this  question  of  pruniiig.  The  fruitfulness 
of  trees  on  the  Quince  over  trees  on  the 
Pear  stock  is  proverbial,  and  consequently  less 
pruning  is  needed,  and  this  pruning  is  best 
done  in  the  summer  by  pinching  out  points  of  the 
young  shoots  as  soon  as  they  have  grown  to  the 
desired  length  the  form  of  training  necessitates.  And 
here  I  would  observe  that  I  am  no  believer  in  such 
constant  repression  of  the  summer's  growth  as  to 
tender  winter-pruning  unnecessary  ;  so  far  from  this 
being  the  fact  I  sometimes  allow  the  growth  of  trees 
that  are  lacking  or  appear  to  be  waning  in  vigour,  to 
remain  intact  till  the  winter,  and  even  then  give  pre- 

ulis  ;  tepalis  apice  biv.alvibus  pulvinari  incluso  hispido  :  labello 
basi  angulato  calceolari  antice  assurgente  valde  angusto,  limbo 
anteriori  dentlculato,  carinis  longitudmahbus  ternis,  lateralibus 
obliquis  numerosis  ;  columna  apice  apiculata  seu  denticulata. 
Perigonium  rufulum,  parte  inferiori  sepalorum  lateralium  ochro- 
leucum  Linex  obscurae,  5—7  in  basi  sepalis  imparls  ochraceo- 
flava.  Tepala  alba  maculis  violaceo  brunnciis.  Labellum  pro 
parte  majori  carneum.     Columna  viridula.  //.  G.  Rchb.f. 


\ 


490 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  18 


ference  lo  leaving  the  new  shoots  rather  than  ligid 
adherence  to  modes  of  training. 

Trees  on  the  natural  or  Pear  stock,  no  matter  in 
what  description  of  soil  they  are  growing,  are  so 
profuse  in  wood-growth  that  ihey  require  just  as  much 
summer  pruning  as  da  those  on  the  Quince,  and  in 
adiition  winter  thinning  oat  of  spurs  is  always  neces- 
sary, except  in  seasons  like  the  present,  when  abun- 
dant fruiting  limits  wood  growth, 

Root-pnining  is  a  knotty  point  to  deal  with,  but — 
Pharisee-like  — I  have  settled  it  to  my  own  satisfaction. 
It  is  necessary  ;  and  yet  one  can  obtain  fruitfulness  of 
trees  by  all  but  dispensing  with  it.  Trees  on  the 
Qaince  stock  we  never  root-prune  (they  fruit  abund- 
antly every  year).  When  our  trees  are  received  from 
the  nursery  the  thick  woody  roots  are  cut  rather 
hard  back,  and  any  that  have  manifested  a  ten- 
dency to  go  straight  down  we  cut  clean  off.  This 
is  the  first  step  towards  prevention  of  root-pruning, 
and  the  next  is  that  in  two  years  from  the  time  of 
first  planting  the  trees  are  again  dug  quite  up,  all 
thong-like  and  particularly  straight  down  roots  are 
again  cut  off,  and  th'e  trees  replanted,  and  those  on 
Quince  never  require  curtailment  of  root  again.  Those 
on  the  Pear  stock  occasionally  do,  and  when  such 
is  necessary  one  side  of  the  tree  is  rather  hardly  dealt 
with  one  year,  and  the  other  half  the  following  year  ; 
but  it  is  only  large  trees  that  are  allowed  unlimited 
growth  that  require  such  curtailment  frequently. 

Column  Training. — Whilst  on  the  subject  of  root- 
pruning  I  would  like  to  refer  to  a  line  of  about 
fifty  conical  trained  trees  that  we  have  here,  every 
one  of  which  is  on  the  Pearslock,  They  fruit 
most  regularly,  and  yet  are  never  root-pruned,  at 
least  not  in  the  strict  sense  of  that  term.  They 
are  growing  at  the  back  of  a  border  S  feet 
wide,  and  which  is  filled  with  Roses.  These — 
the  Roses — are  all  lifted  every  alternate  year,  and  the 
border  is  deeply  trenched  and  heavily  manured. 
Daring  the  process  of  trenching  any  Pear  roots  likely 
to  interfere  with  the  growth  of  the  Roses  are  cut 
away,  but  only  such,  and  yet  this  appears  to  be  suffi- 
cient to  keep  the  trees  in  a  high  stale  of  fruitfulness, 
and  no  doubt  the  rich  dressings  that  are  intended  for 
Roses  only  has  much  to  do  with  the  production  of 
fine  Pears.  The  Marie  Louise,  on  the  Pear  stock,  fig. 
103,  p.  4S9,  is  one  of  these  trees.  The  cut  does  not 
very  clearly  show  the  mode  of  training,  I  ut  as  I  think 
this  ought  to  have  somewhat  <f  the  credit  of  con- 
tinuous fruiting  I  refer  to  it.  The  tree  is  furnished 
with  branches  from  one  main  stem,  each  branch  at  a 
distance  of  from  24  to  30  inches  from  the  main  stem  is 
bent  downwards,  and  in  some  instances,  for  the  sake 
of  uniformity,  the  bend  is  rather  a  severe  one,  but  my 
belief  is  that  the  change  in  direction  thus  given 
conduces  to  the  formation  of  fruit-buds  ;  hence  I  most 
strongly  recommend  this  mode  of  training  for  gardens 
or  positions  that  are  restricted  with  regard  to  space. 
I  ought  to  add  that  the  mode  of  training  is  simplicity 
itself,  the  branches  are  merely  bent  to  the  desired 
angle,  and  are  then  with  a  piece  of  cord  secured  lo 
the  main  stem,  and  the  operation  is  complete  ;  of 
course  care  is  needed  not  to  break  the  branches  by 
bending  them  too  far  at  once.  They  should  be  got 
down  by  degrees. 

Bush  Training. — Another  form  of  training  that  is 
much  in  favour  here  is  what  may  be  described  as  an 
*' upright  buih  form,"  of  which  fig.  106,  gives  a 
pretty  correct  representation.  Ic  is  a  tree  of  Beune 
Clairgeau  on  the  Quince  stock,  and  which  was  planted 
in  the  autumn  of  1S76,  and  except  the  year  after 
planting,  the  crop  of  fruit  has  been  as  heavy  as  it  is 
this  year.  The  mode  of  training  is  self-explanatory. 
Root-pruning  has  only  been  that  of  lifting  and  replant- 
ing in  the  autumn  of  1S7S,  and  which  did  not  affect  the 
fruiting  of  the  following  year.  Rich  surface-dressings 
ol  manure  have  been  regularly  applied,  and  which 
might  be  thought  to  aid  wood  growth,  but  such  has 
not  besn  the  case,  either  in  respect  of  this  tree  or  of 
many  others  that  were  planted  at  the  same  time,  and 
which  are  trained  in  a  similar  fashion.  The  only 
pruning  the  Uees  receive  is  that  of  pinching  back  the 
lateial  growths  of  the  principal  branches  twice  during 
the  season,  the  first  pinching  being  done  about  mid- 
summer, and  the  Its'  at  the  end  of  July  cr  beginning  of 
August.  Of  course,  when  the  trees  are  being  pinched, 
and  there  is  space  for  another  principal  branch,  the 
most  likely  young  shoot  is  left  intact  with  that  intent. 
The  winter  pruning  required  is  almost  "//,  for  there 
is  really  nothing  to  be  done  except  it  be  the  cutting 
out  of  any  long  spurs,  or  may  be  the  removal  of  a  main 
branch,  with  a  view  of  making  the  trees  more  uniform. 


We  have  some  trees  of  the  same  form  on  the  Pear 
itock,  but  they  are  much  more  ditficult  to  keep  in  a 
fruitful  condition.  The  reason  will  be  obvious  when 
it  is  stated  that  wood-growth  is  at  least  six  times 
greater  than  that  of  trees  en  the  (Quince,  consequently 
we  have  to  check  this  redundant  growth  by  root- 
pruning,  in  the  manner  indicated  above. 

^/oiks. — The  question  will  naturally  be  a^ked,  why 
have  trees  on  the  Pear  jtock  at  all?  To  which 
I  reply,  because  it  is  suitable  for  soils  in  which 
trees  on  the  Qaincc  would  be  very  short-lived. 
Indeed,  in  shallow  sandy  or  gravelly  soils,  trees  on 
this  stock  would  thrive  and  fruit  ;  but  a  couple  of 
years  would  be  sufficient  to  kill  trees  on  the  Quince  ; 
moreover,  some  few  varieties  of  Pears  are  finer,  and  fruit 
just  as  well  on  this  stock  as  on  the  (Quince.  Amongst 
those  that  have  come  under  my  own  observation  are 
Duchesse  d'Angouic'-ne,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Winter 
Nelis,  Swan's  Egg,  Dunmore,  and  Deurrc  dc  Capiau- 
mont.  It  will  be  such  information  as  this  that  the 
approaching  Conference  will  elicit  if  each  exhibitor 
will  slate  in  full  the  conditions,  stocks,  &c.,  under 
which  each  of  his  exhibits  has  been  grown. 

77u-  Cordon  System. — For  some  few  years  past  the 
"cordon"  system  of  training  has  been  immensely 
popular,  and  I  think  justly  so.  Undoubtedly  the 
great  merit  of  the  system  is   the  power  it  places  in 


I'EAR.     (s: 


491.) 


the  gardener's  hands  of  having  within  the  same  space 
as  previously  a  much  longer  succession  of  fruit.  To 
take  our  own  case  :  previously  we  had  9  yards  of  wall- 
space  occupied  I>y  one  large  horizontally  trained  tree 
cf  Beurrc  d'Amanhs  Pear  ;  in  the  same  space 
we  have  eighteen  varieties  of  Pears,  and  though 
some  few  coms  in  at  near  about  the  same 
season,  we  have  a  succession  of  fruit  over  from  eight 
to  ten  weeks,  in  lieu  of  the  three  weeks  that  Beurre 
d'Amanlis  continued  in  good  condition.  But  this  is 
not  Ihe  only  advantage.  By  high  feeding  we  get 
finer,  more  beautifully  coloured  and  highly  flavoured 
fruit ;  and  yet  again,  every  cottager  can  now  humour 
his  fancy  in  his  own  little  plot  by  the  cultivation  of 
Pears  on  this  principle,  The  picture  (from  a  photo- 
graph), fig.  102,  p.  4S8,  gives  but  a  very  faint  idea  of 
the  beauty  of  an  arch  we  have  here  trained  on  this 
principle,  nearly  every  tree  of  which  is  annually 
clothed  wiih  fruit.  About  two-thirds  of  the  trees  are 
00  the  Quince,  the  remainder  on  the  Pear  stock,  and 
these  we  sometimes  have  lo  cut  round  at  the  root, 
though  very  seldom,  as  close  pinching  of  new  growth, 
that  cordon  training  entails,  has  necessarily  its 
repressible  effects  on  root  extension. 

SoKTs,  Soils,  and  AspEcrs. 

With  regard  to  the  second  part  of  my  subject — viz., 
"  Aspects  and  forms  that  are  best  suited  to  certain 
varieties" — it  must  ever  be  borne  in  mind,  that 
perhaps  there  is  no  fruit  that  varies  more  greatly,  in 
various  soils,  aspects,  and  districts,  than  does  the 
Pear.  Some  kinds  that  are  quite  worthless  in  one 
district  are  in  others  excellent,  and  some  that  are 


first-class  for  dessert  in  one  district  have  to 
descend  to  the  culinary  class  elsewhere,  and  it  is 
the  same  more  particularly  with  regard  to  position  or 
aspect.  Trained  to  a  wall  a  bad  kitchen  Pear  will 
oftlimes  prove  a  good  table  Pear,  all  of  which  con- 
siderations have  lo  be  taken  into  account  in  discuss- 
ing this  branch  of  my  subject,  and  readers  must 
therefore  pardon  me  asking  that  my  remarks  urder 
this  heading  may  be  interpreted  as  having  local  >ig[ii- 
ficalion  only.  What  I  mean  by  local  in  this  connec- 
tion is  the  south  and  south-western  counties  of  Eng- 
land. 

Aspcits. — The  aspect  of  all  others  for  the  growth  of 
Pears  on  walls  is  a  west  one — a  conclusion  that  I  huve 
arrived  at  after  years  of  experience  with  trees  on  all 
aspects,  and  without  exception  all  varieties  grow  and 
fruit  more  regularly,  ripen,  and  especially  colour  belter 
than  on  any  o'.her  aspect,  not  even  excepting  a 
southern  one.  The  reason,  I  think,  is  sufticienily 
clear,  namely,  the  lengthened  amount  of  sunshine 
that  this  aspect  commands  over  all  others  ;  and  what 
is  of  still  greater  moment  is  the  lessened  intensity  of 
it,  so  that,  if  I  may  so  put  it,  the  fruit  is  gradually 
ripened,  not  roasted  into  ripeness  ;  and  to  this  alone 
I  think  is  attributable  the  high  colour  of  fruit  grown 
on  this  aspect. 

Training  on  IValh. — As  to  form  of  training  for 
walls  I  unhrsitalingly  advise  the  cordon,  or  what  I 
shall  call  treble  cordons — that  is,  a  tree  with  three 
stems — planted  a  yard  apart,  thus  allowing  a  foot  for 
each  branch,  and  by  way  of  increasing  the  length  of 
stems  they  should  be  trained  obliquely,  say  at  about 
an  angle  of  45°.  If  a  quantity  of  any  one  kind  of 
Pear  is  in  demand  then  there  is  no  belter  mode  of 
training  than  the  old-fashioned  horizontal  style. 

So^ts  for  li'alh, — As  regards  varieties  for  growing 
on  walls  I  have  yet  to  learn  ihe  one  that  does  not 
merit  that  distinction  by  fruiting  regularly.  But  it 
would  be  a  waste  of  valuable  space  to  give  second 
class  kinds  such  a  position.  Our  own  rule  in  the 
matter  is  to  entirely  exclude  early  varieties,  because 
they  ripen  perfectly  in  the  open  borders  or  as  cordons. 
As  per  fig.  102,  p.  48S,  only  mid-season  and  late  kinds 
are  favoured  with  wall  training,  and  only  ihe  very 
best  of  these,  that  is,  the  largest,  handsomest,  and 
highest  in  quality.  Any  exception  to  this  rule  is  only 
made  in  respect  of  very  late  though  small  kinds,  such 
as  Bergamntte  d'E^peren,  Knight's  Monarch,  Jose- 
phine de  Malines,  Glou  Moiceau,  and  Iluy^he's  Vic- 
toiia.  The  following  are  a  few  uf  the  kinds  that  best  de- 
servcwall  (west)  training: — Beurrcd'Amanlis,  Flemish 
Beauty,  British  Queen,  Beurre  Superfin,  Fondanle 
Van  Mons.  Beurre  Hardy,  Brown  Beurre,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey,  Urbaniste,  Beurre  Die),  Doyenne 
du  Comice,  Durandeau.  Marechal  de  la  Cour,  Marie 
Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Beurni  Clairceau, 
Delices  d'Hardenpont,  Nouveau  Poiteau,  Van  Mons' 
Leon  le  CIcrc.  Chaumontel.  Beurre  Bachdier.  Beurte 
d'Aremberg,  General  Todtleben,  and  Zepherin 
Giegoire. 

Standards. — In  regard  to  fruit  trees  in  the  open 
borders  the  Pear,  as  requiring  the  longest  season  to 
mature  its  fruit,  should  always  have  the  most  favour- 
ab'e  position,  and  varieties  of  a  straggling  habit  of 
growth  should  eiiher  have  plenty  of  room  or  else 
repressive  training,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  103  and  105. 
Marie  Louise,  Josephine  de  ^L1lines,  Beurre  Bosc,  and 
Knighi's  Monarch  may  be  cited  as  examples  of 
straggling  growth.  Compact,  almost  true  pyramidal- 
shaped  growing  kinds  are  Beurre  de  Capiaumont, 
lluyshe's  Victoria,  Comte  de  Laray,  Marie  Louise, 
and  Beurre  Dlel,  and  these,  of  course,  are  best  suited 
for  planting  in  borders  of  limited  width,  because, 
without  much  labour  in  the  way  of  pinching  or 
pruning,  they  are  easily  kept  within  restricted  lines. 
IV,  IViUsmith,  Heckfield,  Hants. 

{To  be  cotitinucd.) 


THE     UNFRUITFULNESS    OF 

THE  PEAR. 
It  is  a  generally  accepted  fact  that  Pear  tree 
blossoms  must  be  properly  fertilised  to  insure  fine 
fruits  that  will  properly  mature  in  due  season.  My 
observation  here  has  been  now  for  some  time  in 
direct  contradiction  with  this  hypothesis.  I  have  a 
very  tall,  large -headed  specimen  of  the  old  variet)  Chau- 
montel, which  is  about  40  feet  in  height,  and  which, 
owing  to  its  height  and  isolated  situation  has  to  con- 
tend against  all  cold  winds  and  spring  frosts  which 
occur.  Notwithstanding  this  I  have  noted  now  for  a 
few  years  past  not  only  that  this  tree  flowers,  but  that 
it  invariably  gives  its  full  crops  of  Iruir.  This  fact 
naturally  led  me  to  inquire  whether  this  was  owing 
to  extreme  hardiness  or  to  some  other  cause, 
and  in  the  result   I   have  found  very  many    of  the 


October  17,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


491 


fruits  really  contain  no  seeds.  Similarly,  there- 
fore, as  Cucumbers  occasionally  are  found  to 
possess  no  seeds,  though  growing  to  a  fair  size, 
&c.,  precisely  as  large  as  seedling  fruits  do,  and 
appearing  as  if  they  must  possess  them,  the  Pears 
upon  this  tree,  somehow  or  other,  show  the  same 
peculiarity.  Given  a  show  of  flower,  a  crop  of 
fruit  is  assured  accordingly.  I  need  not  say  this 
phase  in  fruit  growing  is  a  very  acceptable  one,  and 
worthy  the  attention  of  propagators,  did  it  appear 
possible  to  perpetuate  it.  The  pipless  fruits  are  cer- 
tainly not  large,  though  as  the  tree  is  so  very  large, 
and  necessarily  of  great  age,  this  in  a  measure,  no 
doubt,  accounts  for  that  fact.  Certainly  the  whole  of 
the  crop  continues  upon  the  tree  until  the  usual  lime, 
showing  that  in  all  but  seeds  the  fruits  derive  all 
necessary  sustenance  to  the  last.  When  speaking  of 
this  matter  to  Dr.  Masters  lately,  he  informed  me  a 
permanent  pipless  variety  was  grown  upon  the  Conti- 
nent. .Should  not  British  gardeners  secure  this  boon  ? 
WilUain  Eartey.  [Many  varieties  occasionally  are 
devoid  of  seed,  but  Utile  de  liruxelles,  or  the  Poiie 
sans  pepins,  is  always  so.  The  true  fruit  of  the  Pear 
is  the  core  ;  the  fleshy  edible  portion  is  nothing  but 
the  end  of  the  flower-stalk,  which  swells  and  becomes 
succulent.  This  may  be  seen  in  the  specimen  shown 
at  fig.  IC4.  and  by  numerous  other  Fpecimens  figurtd 
in  these  columns  from  time  to  time.   Ed  ] 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 

PiCEA  MORINDA. 

The  cone  of  the  above  figured  recently  in  the  Gar- 
diiieis'    Chronicle  was   quite   characteristic  of  those 


the  east  coast  of  Britain,  and  is  very  suitable  for  plant- 
ing near  the  sea  as  a  shelter,  as  is  conclusively  sho  A'n 
by  the  manner  in  which  the  trees  forming  quite  a 
plantation  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Bass  Rock, 
and  within  a  few  yards  of  the  sea,  which  forms  the 
eastern  bounds  of  Tyningh.ime  Park,  in  East  Lothian, 
luxuriate.  The  mass  of  silvery  foliage  as  seen  under 
the  light  of  a  blight  blue  sky  is  very  effective  in  the 
distance,  an  effect  which  as  the  distance  diminishes, 
is  at  the  present  time  considerably  heightened  by  the 
profusion  of  bright  orange-coloured  berries,  with 
which  the  individual  shoots  or  branches  are  studded. 
Therefore,  it  seems  strange  that  a  shrub  like  the  one 
fo.ming  the  subject  of  this  notice,  which  not 
only  flourishes  at  the  seaside  regardless  of  being 
frequently  washed,  as  is  the  case  with  the 
trees  at  Tyrfinghame,  by  the  briny  spray,  but  is 
also  a  shrub  of  a  highly  ornamental  charac'er,  is  not 
more  widely  known,  and  consequently  more  exten- 
sively grown  as  a  shelter  in  our  many  pl.ices 
of  seaside  resort  ;  such,  for  instance,  as  the  east 
and  west  clilT;  at  Bournemouth,  where  scarcely  a 
tree  or  shrub,  except  the  green  Euonymus,  of  the 
many  that  have  been  planted  in  those  bleak  situations 
with  a  view  to  affording  shelter  as  much  as  improving 
the  appearance  of  the  place  can  be  induced  to  grow  in 
the  face  of  the  salt  breeze  and  cutting  winds  from  the 
sea.  It  is  therefore  with  a  view  to  bringing  under  the 
notice  of  those  of  your  readers  who  have  to  do  with  the 
planting  and  beautifying  of  certain  situations  in  and 
about  seaside  towns  the  name  and  character  of  a  shrub 
(Hippophae  thamnoides),  which  cannot  fail  to  give 


I  i  I  i  I  i  u  III  II II I 
II I s i i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 


6  1 1 


Fig.  105.— mode  of  renovating  old  pear  trees. 


produced  in  number  on  several  trees  at  Penrhjn. 
This  morning,  although  I  examined  several  cones  on 
three  of  the  largest  trees  here  (ihey  are  fully  50  feet  in 
height),  I  quite  failed  even  in  one  instance  to  notice 
what  your  correspondent  (p.  435)  directs  attention  to. 
All  the  cones  were  perfectly  regular  in  formation,  and 
with  no  appearance  "as  if  a  ligature  of  vaijing  width 
uere  irregularly  run  round  the  cones."  Very  imma- 
ture trees,  or  such  as  are  unfavourably  situated,  often 
produce  malformed  cones.  If  there  is  anything  more 
than  another  in  the  horticultural  Press  that  requires 
remedying  it  is  certainly  the  misleading  fashion,  too 
frequently  adopted,  of  figuring  abnormally  large  and 
fine  specimens  of  flowers  and  fruit.  In  choosing 
specimens  for  drawing  I  have  always  been  most  parti- 
cular not  to  take  extraordinary,  but  such  as  are  a  fair 
average  in  every  way,  so  that  the  inexperienced 
reader  may  not  be  deceived.  The  branches  of  this 
Spruce  are  never  drooping,  but  horizontal,  with  up- 
curved  points  ;  the  branchlets,  however,  droop  in  a 
remarkable  degree,  in  fact  project  at  ri(,ht  angles  to 
the  branch  on  the  under-side.  The  cones  are  invari- 
ably produced  on  the  three  years  old  wood,  or,  in 
other  words,  at  the  joint  of  the  third  row  of  branch- 
lets  from  the  apex.  I  may  here  take  the  opportunity 
of  pointing  out  that  I  do  not  at  all  agree  with  the 
statement  made  at  p.  393.  that  the  cones  of  this  tree 
are  at  first  erect,  but  soon  become  pendent,  at  least 
such  I  have  never  noticed  in  the  trees  here.  A.  D. 
WchsUr. 

Hippophae  rhamnoides  (Sea  Buckthorn.) 

This  is  a  dwarf  diojcious  tree  or  shrub,  with  small 

linear  leaves,  and  minute  yellow  flowers,  succeeded 

by  bright  orange-coloured  berries.     It  is  a  native  of 


satisfaction  in  such  situations,  as  it  is  pre-eminently 
a  miritime  shrub,  that  these  notes  are  written  in  the 
hope  that  they  may  lead  to  a  more  liberal  and 
judicious  use  of  the  tree  in  question  being  made  in 
the  places  indicated  above  in  the  future,  and  that  in 
consequence  spots  of  vantage-ground  which  are  now 
undesirable  as  places  of  resort  to  many  of  those 
visiting  the  seaside,  by  reason  of  their  exposed  situa- 
tion, may  be  rendered  comfortable,  and  favourite 
places  of  resort. 

Having  referred  to  Tyningharae,  the  beautiful 
residence  of  the  Earl  of  IPiddington,  near  Preston- 
kirk,  in  connection  with  the  Sea  Buckthorn,  I  may 
be  allowed  to  say  that  the  park,  which  extends  far 
and  wide,  is  beautifully  wooded,  and  contains  fine 
views  of  woodland  and  sea-coast  scenery,  as  well  as 
a  series  of  pleasant  walks,  leading  respectively  to 
positions  whence  a  variety  of  landscapes,  composed  of 
hill  and  dale,  rich  in  sylvan  beauty,  and  rugged 
though  picturesque  sea-coast,  with  the  sea  and  distant 
rocks  .ind  hills  in  the  background,  present  themselves 
in  bold  relief  one  to  the  other,  the  whole  harmonising 
well  with  the  character  of  the  place. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  remark  that  a  short  distance 
from  Mr.  Inglis'  house,  in  the  front  and  rear  of  which 
are  well  cared  for  flower  and  kitchen  gardens,  is  a 
fine  specimen  Beech,  having  a  clean  straight  stem  for 
about  50  feet  from  the  base,  and  a  circumference  of 
about  7  feet  the  entire  height.  H.  W.  IFard. 

Arp.utus  U.\'ED3. 
Messrs.    Veitch   send  us  under  the  nanae   canar- 
iensis,      from      Combe      Wood,     flowering     [speci- 
mens of    an    Arbutus,   which    we    take    to    be    the 
red-flowered   form  of  the  common  Arbutus  Uncdo, 


with  deep  rose-pink  flowers.  It  is  a  very  hand- 
some tree  or  shrub,  the  dark  green  of  the  foliage 
contrasting  well  with  the  reddish  flowers.  We  cite 
the  name  under  which  the  specimen  was  sent  to  us, 
but  it  is  by  no  means  the  Arbutus  canariensis  of  the 
Bot.  A/ar^,  t.  1577. 


ROOT-PRUNING     OF    THE 
PEAR: 

Almost  the  first  operations  of  the  original  culti- 
vators were  on  the  roots  of  Pears  and  other  trees. 
With  a  keen  eye  for  the  best  wildling  Pears  and  other 
fruits,  they  would  naturally  exercise  their  talents  in 
selecting  the  best  strains  and  transplanting  them, 
either  by  transplantation  or  grafting,  near  to  their 
home  :  and  every  step  in  cultivation  has  been  one 
also  in  root-pruning,  and  this  of  necessity  rather 
than  of  choice.  The  concentration  of  seeds  into 
beds  and  borders,  cultivated  patches,  for  safety  and 
more  rapid  germination  and  moisture,  necessitated 
their  speedy  transplantation  and  frequent  removal  j 
and  any  such  disturbance  of  Pear  roots  proved  a  root- 
pruning  of  the  most  radical  sort. 

The  nursery  treatment  of  young  Pears  was  and  is 
rough  and  rude  rather  than  genial  and  gentle.  The 
roots  having  little  commercial  value,  were  too  often 
treated  as  worthless ;  the  tops  were  worth  so  much  a  foot 
or  yard,  and  hehce  were  almost  religiously  conserved. 
The  Pear,  being  naturally  a  deep-rooting  plant, 
suffered  more  from  rough-and-ready  and  reckless 
modes  of  lifting  than  most  other  plants.  Unless 
the  spade  were  long  and  sharp,  it  missed  or  failed  to 
cut  the  roots  ;  nevertheless,  the  drawer,  by  a  strong 
vertical  pull,  or  side  strain,  or  various  wriggles,  was 
supposed  to  have  heaved  the  roots  of  the  tree,  or 
snapped  them  off  more  or  less  closely  to  the  base  of 
the  bole— either  method  resulting  in  samples  of  toot- 
pruning  of  the  most  trenchant  sort. 

Having  destroyed  and  mutilated  the  major  portion 
of  the  roots  of  Pears  by  rough-and-ready  lifting,  a 
second  step  was  taken  in  root-pruning  by  the 
practice  of  inlaying  the  young  plants  by  the  heels. 
It  originated  at  a  time  when  roots  were  held 
in  little  esteem,  and  hence  a  temporary  interregnum 
between  seedbed  and  lined-out  rows  was  accounted 
of  little  or  no  moment  ;  but  as  the  value  of  roots  is 
more  correctly  assessed,  out  of  the  seed-beds  into  the 
row  has  become  the  rule  in  regard  to  seedling  Pear 
or  other  trees.  Pear  plants,  whether  mere  seed- 
lings or  those  of  older  growth,  inlaid  by  the  heels, 
rooted  with  abnormal  rapidity,  made  roots  as  the 
proverbial  farmer  is  said  to  make  hay,  when  the  sun 
shines.  And  it  frequently  happened  that  when  the 
inlaid  plants  were  wanted  for  lining  out,  the  whole  of 
the  earth  with  which  they  were  covered  was  filled 
with  a  veritable  network  of  young,  soft,  brittle  white 
fibrils.  These  not  only  filled  the  earth,  but  interlaced 
each  other  in  all  directions,  or  the  trees  were  mostly 
laid  in  by  the  heels  thickly.  However,  when  the 
plants  were  separated  the  roots  were  snapped  and 
smashed  up  and  ruined,  like  delicate  glass  tubes 
roughly  handled.  Other  plants  were  lined  out  in 
single  file  to  do  battle  with  the  severities  of  our 
winter  and  sprin;;  climate  either  without  roots  or  with 
the  latter  in  very  sorry  condition.  The  survival  of 
the  Pears  under  such  severe  dual  root-pruning, 
crowded,  as  a  rule,  within  the  limited  period  of  one  or 
at  most  three  months,  gave  ample  proof  of  wonderful 
tenacity  of  vital  power.  Neither  do  these  two  ex- 
amples exhaust  our  catalogue  of  cases  of  root-hacking 
or  pruning  in  the  history  of  the  Pear  or  other  fruit- 
trees. 

Annually,  or  biannually,  the  trees  are  lifted  and 
lined-out  at  greater  distances,  and  between  most  of 
these  liftings  and  replanting?  there  were  other  inter- 
regnums of  inlaying  by  the  heels,  and  these  three 
were  the  final  liftings,  packings,  journeyings — inl.ay- 
ing  before  final  planting  in  their  permanent  homes  or 
growing  quarters.  It  is  hardly  to  be  wondered  at 
that  trees  subjected  to  such  severe  root-pruning  not 
seldom  grew  so  strongly  afterwards  as  to  give  rise  tc 
the  adage  that  "  He  that  plants  Pears  plants  for  his 
heirs.''  These  root  hackings  and  lashings,  in  fact 
killed  many  trees,  stunted  and  cankering  many  more 
into  uselessness  and  disease.  Nor  did  these  severe 
methods  or  accidents  of  treatment  exhaust  the  harsh 
treatment  of  Pears.  Unsuitable  selection  of  sorts, 
sites,  and  soils,  unskilful  planting  and  treatment, 
irrational  top  prunings  and  trainings  tended  to  the 
misdirection  or  waste  of  power,  and  to  check 
the    healthy   development    of    roots   of    a     setvire- 


492 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBKR  17,    1885. 


able  character.  So  numerous  and  severe  were 
the  rigorous  measures  applied  lo  the  Pear,  that 
groA'th  was  well  nigh  stopped,  or  wholly  misdirected. 
Well  nigh  denuded  of  roots,  these,  so  soon  as  made, 
bored  deeply  below,  and  sent  up  fishing-rod-like 
shoots  above.  Like  most  extremes,  the  root  hackings 
and  slashings,  air  dryings,  and  general  neglect, 
were  succeeded  by  a  period  of  semi-root-growth. 
Rootculture,  careful  husbanding,  was  proclaimed  as  the 
new  gospel  of  Pear  and  general  fruit  culture  ;  therefore 
roots,  before  held  as  little  better  than  shoddy, 
became  the  be-all  and  end-all  of  fruit  culture.  "Roots, 
roots,  more  roots,"  was  heard  in  all  directions,  and  the 
Pear  trees  possessed  of  roots  all  things  were  possible, 
hence  the  rage  for  deep  rich  borders,  the  best  loams 
were  even  further  enriched  with  a  third,  more  or  less, 
oi  good  farmyard  manure. 

The  excessive  stimulation  and  over-feeding  of  the 
roots  resulted  in  Pear  limber  in  plenty,  and  few  or 
no  fruit. 

At  this  stage,  with  ages  of  previous  experience  in 
Pear  treatment  and  its  results  to  guide  them,  the 
principles  and  pracfice  of  modern  root  pruning 
were  well  and  surely  laid.  The  chief  of  these 
may  be  briefly  stated  thus.  The  modification  of  the 
character  and  function,  rather  than  the  mere  reduc- 
tion of  the  number  of  the  roots,  and  the  establishment 
of  a  sure  and  certain  correlation  between  root  condi- 
tion and  fertility  of  top.  The  fact  that  a  cut  Pear  tree 
or  other  plant  is  a  unity,  as  well  as  to  some  extent  a 
congeries  of  independent  individuals,  in  the  matter 
of  its  buds,  has  been  too  much  lost  sight  of.  The 
action  of  root  and  top  upon  each  other  is  reciprocal, 
Hence  the  truism  *'  Like  top  like  bottom,"  is  almost 
absolutely  true.  And  had  this  been  borne  in  mind 
during  the  period  of  the  root  culture  of  the  Pear,  such 
.  success  in  fertility  might  have  been  reached  as  would 
have  rendered  most  of  our  modern  rujt'prunings 
needless  ;  but  instead  of  that,  when  roots  were  long 
fostered  by  every  available  means,  the  top;  of  Pears 
were  pruned  with  greater  severity,  and  hence  of  neces- 
sity becam;  more  and  yet  more  sterile.  For  the 
richer  the  root-runs,  and  the  more  severe  the  top- 
jiruning,  the  less  the  benefit,  or,  rather,  the  greater 
the  evil  that  comes  to  them  as  fruit  trees  through 
their  liberal  equipment  of  vigorous  roots.  But  let 
these  roots  below  find  their  equivalents  in  superior 
shoots  above,  and  reciprocity  being  thus  established 
the  long  shoots  would  yield  back  their  acknowledg- 
ment in  having  boughs  of  mellow  fruit. 

The  second  principle  of  root-pruning  should  aim  at 
improving  the  character  and  functions  of  roots  rather 
than  reducing  their  number.  The  majority  of 
the  old  root-pruners,  and  not  a  few  modern  practi- 
ti  mers,  seem  to  think  that  the  curtailing  of  an  excess 
of  root-force  is  the  be-all  and  end-all  of  root-pruning. 
It  is  hardly  the  beginning  of  it.  True,  the  removal 
of  some  roots  is  mostly  the  first  step  in  the  practice  ; 
but  this  step  is  as  often  as  otherwise  taken,  not 
because  there  are  already  too  many  roots,  but  too  few. 
We  prune  for  more  root-force,  not  less,  and  by  increas- 
ing the  number  we  not  only  vastly  augment  the  root- 
force  of  Pear  and  other  trees,  but  improve  the  quality 
of  them,  and  probably  considerably  modify  and 
improve  the  supplies  of  food  they  either  directly  or 
indirectly  formed.  This  is  really  the  main  point.  As 
far  as  the  health  and  durability  of  the  Pear  tree  goes, 
and  its  capacity  to  make  timber  goes,  prune  its  roots 
not  at  all.  It  will  also  be  shown  presently  that  there 
are  certain  natural  and  artificial  substitutes  for  root- 
pruning  that  may  render  it  superfluous  or  even  injuri- 
ous ;  but,  as  a  rule,  and  especially  with  young  trees 
that  are  to  be  limited  severely  as  to  area,  root-prun- 
ing is  the  shortest,  safest,  and  an  absolutely  sure  cut 
to  fertility.  There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  Pear 
and  other  trees  can  be  pruned  into  fertility. 

Fortunately,  too,  for  Pear  growers,  the  reciprocity 
or  correlation  between  root  and  top  is  not  only  a  one- 
sided one.  The  root  takes  the  initiative  in  in- 
ducing fertility,  bnt  once  established  the  top  also 
exerts  a  fertilising  influence  on  the  roots.  Fruitful 
tops  strengthen  and  sustain  fibrosity  of  roots,  and 
as  nothing  succeeds  like  success,  so  there  is  no  aid  so 
potent  for  fertility  as  a  heavy  crop  of  fruit.  In  fer- 
tility, as  in  other  conditions  of  plant  life  and  growth, 
like  produces  like.  Hence,  once  Pears  are  root- 
pruned  into  fertility,  they  mostly  continue  so  ;  and 
just  as  the  physician  ceases  his  prescriptions  when 
his  patients  are  cured,  so  the  root-pruner  should 
cease  his  operations  on  the  roots  of  his  Pears,  and 
may,  therefore,  be  accepted  as  absolute  truth. 

To  insure  this  fertility,    however,  the  root-pruner 


must  prune  for  small  fibrous  roots.  The  more  of 
these  the  better,  and  these  are  the  products  of  culture 
as  well  as  cutting.  Dressings  of  maiden  loam,  new 
sweet  soil,  and  fostering  composts  enact  and  foster 
the  rapid  multiplication  of  fibrous  roots.  Frequent 
and  successive  cutting  may  occasionally  be  needful 
to  break  up  the  one  fork-like  root  into  two,  four, 
eight,  sixteen,  thirty,  sixty,  or  a  hundred  ;  and 
it  is  only  or  chiefly  in  this  extreme  fibrosity  of 
root  that  the  basis  of  present  and  permanent 
fertility  is  laid.  The  fibrous  roots  result  in  fruitful 
tops,  the  trees  are  linked  together  in  vital  bonds 
that  last  as  long  as  the  verisimilitude  exists  be- 
tween the  two;  so  soon  as  their  fertility  is  tho- 
roughly established,  and  has  become  habitual,  then 
the  root-pruner  should  stop.  Strange,  however,  as  it 
may  seem,  not  a  few  have    failed  to  do  so,  aol  th^ 


and  it  is  no  mystery  to  practical  men  that  though 
semi-drowned  roots  might  grow  wood,  they  would 
fail  to  contribute  to  the  production  of  fruit.  Alien 
stocks,  such  as  the  Quince,  Whitethorn,  or  Medlar, 
especially  the  first,  have  been  found  to  favour  fertility, 
Free-rooting  weak-growing  Pear  stocks  raised  from 
the  seeds  of  such  Pears  as  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey, 
Winter  Nelis,  Beurre  de  Capiaumont,  the  old  Swan's 
Egg,  &c.,  foster  fertility,  though  not  to  the  same 
extent  as  root-pruning. 

Double,  or  Multiple  Grafting, 
is  another  equivalent  or  substitute  for  root-pruning. 
It  is  found  that  the  introduction  of  one  or  more 
foreign  cylinders  between  the  root  stock  and  the 
fruit-bearing  top  of  a  Pear  tree  exerts  a  powerful 
effect  on  its  fertility.     The  supply  of  food  is  doubtless 


106. — EEURKU   CLAIRGEAU    on    the   nUlNCE,    BUSH-TRAINEU.       (SEE    \\    49O.) 


disastrous  results  of  root-pruning  too  severely  or  too 
long  have  in  not  a  few  instances  counterbalanced  its 
obvious  and  substantial  advantages.  Pears  may 
speedily  be  root-pruned  into  unhealth  by  continuing 
the  practice  after  fertility  has  been  established.  At 
times  slight  prunings  may  be  needful  to  maintain  the 
trees  in  bearing  condition,  but  more  frequently  fertility 
will  reproduce  itself;  and  there  are  other  aids  to,  or 
equivalents  for,  root-pruning  in  the  maintenance  of  a 
fruitful  state. 

Among  these  substitutes  the  most  potent,  as  we 
have  already  seen,  is  fertility  ;  poor,  dry  root-runs 
are  others  of  considerable  potency.  How  a  lean 
larder  can  result  in  full  crops  of  fruit  may  seem  a 
mystery,  but  it  is,  nevertheless,  a  fact.  Pear  trees, 
may  be,  are  often  starved  as  well  as  pruned  into 
fertility.  The  lifting  of  the  roots  of  Pear  and  other 
fruit  trees  nearer  the  surface  has  similar  results,  the 
additional  warmth  and  more  free  access  of  air  in- 
ducing a  fibrous^that  is,  fertile — condition  or  state 
of  root.      Dry  borders  are  also   warmer  than   wet, 


less,  and  probably  considerably  altered,  in  its  passage 
from  the  roots  to  the  branches.  This  seems  but  an 
improved  mode  of  ringing  and  ligatures  so  generally 
practised  in  olden  times.  The  check  may  be  less 
severe  and  less  injurious,  but  fertility  in  both  cases 
alike  was  or  is  heightened  and  hastened  by  the  check. 
Ascending  from  operations  on  the  stems  lo  those  on 
the  extremity  of  the  tops  of  trees,  there  is  little 
doubt  that  severe  and  incessant  summer  pinching 
may  prove  somewhat  of  an  equivalent  or  substitute 
for  root-pruning.  The  breaking  up  and  reducing  the 
strength  of  wood  in  the  making  is  a  very  different 
matter,  and  has  diametrically  opposite  effects  on  fer- 
tility than  severe  pruning  of  shoots  or  branches  after 
they  are  formed.  The  former — that  is,  shoot-pinching 
— ^judiciously  practised,  promotes  fertility,  severe 
pruning  sterility. 

Paradoxical  as  it  may  seem,  it  is  as  consistent  and 
philosophical  as  true  to  add  that  top  extension  may 
exert  as  potent  an  influence  in  promoting  fertility  as 
top-pinching.   All  depends  on  inclining  the  balance  of 


October  17,  1885/ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


493 


reciprocity  between  root  and  top  towards  fertility. 
True  and  copious  extension  of  top  also  involves  great 
ramification  and  subdivision  of  branch.  These  will 
have  their  counterparts  in  the  roots  beneath  ;  in  fact, 
by  the  mechanical  obstructions  offered  to  the  latter 
through  bad,  impervious  soils  and  subsoils,  stones, 
&c.,  the  roots  will  of  necessity  be  more  minutely 
divided  than  the  tops  ;  and  in  this  extra  subdivision 
will  be  found  the  key  to  the  fertility  of  the  grand  old 
Pear  trees  in  gardens  and  orchards  ;  their  fertility  is 
the  result  of  the  same  principles  and  laws  here  set 
forth  as  the  basis  of  successful  root-pruning.  It  took 
them  longer  to  reach  it,  that  is  all  ;  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  they  will  no  longer  be  trotted  out  as  conclusive 


the  power  of  hastening  as  well  as  heightening  and 
broadening  the  area  of  fertility  ? 

It  is  difficuU  to  say  which  of  these  merits  is  the 
greatest.  In  this  age  of  red-hot  haste  and  hurry- 
scurry  who  can  estimate  the  advantage  of  gathering 
ripe  Pears  from  late  trees  two  or  three  years  from 
the  graft  ?  Talk  ol  plantin;;  Pears  for  heirs  now — 
plant  your  Pears  on  baby's  birthday,  and  the  fruit 
will  be  ready  for  him  before  he  has  cut  all  his  first 
teeth. 

Root-pruning  heightens  fertility  to  the  utter- 
most. Carried  to  excess  the  tree  dies  from  ex- 
haustion, virtually  droops,  and  dies  beneath  its 
heavy  burden.     But  it  Ought  not  to  be  carried    to 


Fig.     107.  —  POT   CULTURE   OK    PEAKS, 


proofs  of  the  uselessness  or  folly  of  root-pruning. 
Rightly  read  and  interpreted,  their  fertility  but 
establishes  the  soundness  of  the  practice  they  were 
brought  forth  to  destroy.  The  annual  harvests  of 
lusciousness  is  the  product  of  reciprocal  action  and 
reaction  between  their  far-running  roots  and  wide- 
spreading  branches,  and  the  root-pruned  cordon, 
bush,  or  pyramid  is  made  and  kept  fruitful  on  exactly 
the  same  principle. 

But  while  these  monarchs  of  the  field  or  orchard 
are  gradually  growing  and  root-pruning  themselves 
into  fertility,  it  is  a  great  cultural  triumph  of  root- 
pruning  to  be  reaping  a  long  series  of  good  harvests 
from  small  trees.  It  has  been  said,  with  much  truth, 
that  all  iWngs  are  possible  for  him  who  can  alTord  to 
wait,  and  assuredly  Pears  in  plenty  are  among  them  ; 
but  how  few  can  afford  to  wait?— and  why  should 
any  one  do  so  when  root-pruning  puts  into  our  hands 

I 


excess.  The  skilful  root-pruner  will  prune  sufficiently 
to  support  a  good  crop,  and  will  then  thin  the  fruit  in 
proportion  to  the  vigour  of  the  tree.  Neither  will  be 
root-pruning  abreast  of  any  of  its  substitutes  or  equi- 
valents. He  will  also  cease  to  prune,  lift,  replant, 
pinch,  double-graft,  or  check  growth  in  any  way  alter 
fertility  is  well  established.  "  Let  well  alone  "  is  his 
motto— a  motto  that  would  have  saved  thousands  of 
Pear  trees,  slain  by  fussy  prunings,  pinchings,  cS:c., 
persisted  in  for  years  after  all  need  for  them  had 
ceased. 

By  lessening  the  area  of  fertility  what  a  boon 
root-pruning  has  conferred  on  amateurs,  tradesmen, 
mechanics,  working  men  in  towns  and  suburbs,  as 
well  as  in  the  country.  A  huge  Pear  tree  is  as  im- 
possible to  millions,  and  would  prove  almost  as  great 
an  incumbrance,  as  the  proverbial  white  elephant. 
But  these  baby  Pear  trees,  root-pruned  into  fertility, 


one,  two,  six,  a  dozen,  a  score  can  be  packed  into  a 
few  yards,  and  preserved  in  health  and  fertility  with- 
out greatly  enlarging  their  size  for  a  dozen  or  even  a 
score  of  years.  In  smaller  areas  still  it  would  be 
easy  to  sell  or  exchange  the  tiny  trees  as  they  out- 
grow their  space.  But  no  one  who  has  not  tried  the 
petite  culture  o(  the  Pear  which  root-pruning  and  its 
equivalents  have  rendered  possible  and  easy,  can  have 
the  faintest  idea  of  its  immense  capacity  for  continuous 
fertility  within  the  compass  of  the  most  limited  area. 
But  for  root-pruning  the  pot-culture  of  the  Pear,  now 
so  popular  among  amateurs  with  small  or  without 
gaidens,  would  have  continued  impossible  D.  T.  Fis/i. 
r/o  fe  cminucd.') 


CULTURE    OF    PEAR    TREES 

IN    POTS. 

I  AM  well  aware  that  this  system  o(  culiivalirg  the 
Pear  does  not  meet  with  universal  acceptance  ; 
indeed,  considerable  diversity  of  opinion  exists  as  to 
the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  cultivating  any 
class  of  fruit  trees  in  pots.  Most  advocates  of  the 
system  will  freely  admit  that  it  is  not  adapted  to 
supply  the  toiling  millions  with  cheap  fruit  ;  but  by 
cultivating  three  or  four  dozens  of  Pear  trees  in  pots, 
under  the  shelter  of  a  very  che.iply  constructed 
orchard-house  a  s»fficicnt  supply  for  a  family  may  be 
produced  of  superior  fruit  to  any  that  can  be  obtained 
from  walls  in  the  majority  of  British  gardens.  This 
statement  is  not  made  without  a  considerable  expe- 
rience, extending  over  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
When  I  had  charge  of  the  gardens  at  Loxford  Ilall 
we  cultivated  Pear  trees  in  pots  during  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  period,  and  I  never  saw  or  tasted  better 
fruit  of  the  choice  varieties  grown  under  any  other 
condition.  Whenever  the  fruit  was  exhibited  it 
always  gained  a  high  position,  either  for  flavour  or 
appearance.  I  have  frequently  recommended  the 
system,  and  still  adhere  to  all  I  have  stated  of  its 
advantages.  A  well-known  amateur  cultivator,  G.  F. 
Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Healherbank,  Weybridge  Heath, 
can  bear  even  a  better  testimony  than  I  can.  On  one 
occasion  he  was  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  a  dish  of 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  at  the  Crystal  Palace  for 
flavour  against  thirty-six  competing  single  dishes  of 
any  kind.  I  low  was  the  fruit  produced  ?  may  be  a 
reasonable  question  to  ask.  The  trees  were  grown  in 
pots.  One  Louise  Bonne  was  i\  feet  high  and  2  feet 
in  diameter  (tig.  107).  It  was  growing  in  a  I3inch 
pot,  and  bore  118  fruits,  all  of  full  average  size, 
the  largest  specimen  5i  inches  in  lengih  and 
94  inches  in  circumference. 

Another  tree  bore  forty-two  fruits,  and  a  third, 
growing  in  a  16-inch  pot,  bore  eighty-two  fruits. 

Specimens  of  Williams'  Bon  Chiciienwere  54  inches 
in  length  and  10  inches  in  circumference. 

A  dwarf  standard  of  Marie  Louise,  in  a  16-inch 
pot,  4  feet  10  inches  high  and  2  feet  in  diameter,  was 
laden  with  forty-five  Pears,  some  of  which  were 
5^'  inches  long  by  '&\  inches  in  circumference. 

Winter  Nelis,  a  bush  3  feet  6  inches  high  and 
3  feet  through,  in  a  14-inch  pot,  ripened  seventy-three 
fruits,  many  specimens  being  4  inches  long  and 
7j  inches  in  circumference. 

An  Easter  Beurre,  4feet  high  by  3  feet  in  diameter, 
in  a  15-inch  pot,  bore  twenty-seven  fruits,  some  o( 
which  were  S  inches  long  and  10  inches  in  circum- 
ference. 

A  loose  bush  of  a  Glou  Moiceau,  },\  feet  by  3^  feet, 
in  a  14-inch  pot,  ripened  forty  Pears,  which  measured 
on  an  average  5  inches  long  by  SJ  inches  in 
circumference. 

Marechal  de  la  Cour,  a  bush  4  feet  high  by  35  feet 
through,  in  a  15-inch  pot,  ripened  seventy-seven 
fruits,  5i  inches  long  by  9  inches  in  circumference. 

Triomphe  de  Jodoigne,  3  feet  high  and  4  feet 
through,  growing  in  a  I5inch  pot,  ripened  sixty-eight 
fruits,  some  of  the  specimens  were  6  inches  long  by 
9}  inches  circumference.  These  were  a  few  specimens 
selected  from  a  collection  of  Pear  trees  grown  in 
pots  in  Mr.  Wilson's  garden,  cultivated  by  himself.  I 
allude  to  them  here  as  an  example  of  what  can  be 
done  when  an  earnest  amateur  takes  the  management 
into  his  own  hands.  I  have  also  alluded  to  my  own 
experience  as  that  of  a  gardener  having  to  study  the 
best  method  of  supplying  a  private  family  with  first- 
class  fruit.  Svich  examples  effectually  silence  the 
carping  critics,  who  dismiss  the  subject  with  the 
remark  that  pot  trees  are  mere  toys.  A  house  for 
Pear  trees   in   pots   may   contain   twice  as  many  as 


494 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  iS 


could  be  brought  to  peifeclion  in  it.    Half  of  them  spotted  and   deteriorated  in  appearance,  and,  as  a 

may  be  removed  out-of-doors  about  the  first  or  second  matter  of  course,  keeps  much  better, 

week  in  June  ;  where  the  fruit  will  ripen  later  and  be  Root- pruning   is  regularly  attended  to,   a   certain 
(juite  as  good  in  flavour  as  that  in  the  house.     One  of 


and  Thuia  gigantea,  stand  out  against  the  forest  back- 
ground. The  specimens  of  the  Cypress  arc  giants  of 
their  kind.  The  beds  of  shrubs  on  the  sloping  lawn 
contain    Bamboos,    Aralias,    Colletias,    Desfontainea 


the  principal  .-idvantages  of  the  system  is  the  :certainty  are  of  all  ages.  The  soil  is  a  strong  retentive  loam 
ofgellingacrop.  East  winds  and  dull,  cold  weather  resting  on  clay.  Thomas  Jones,  Royal  Garaais, 
at  blooming  time  are  completely  set  at  defiance.  Windsor,  Cd.  10. 


The  cultural  directions  are  very  simple  and  may  be 
summed  up  in  a  few  words.  I  prefer  the  pyramid 
form  to  any  other,  and  purchase  two-year-old  trees  of 
that  form,   which  have  generally  a  few    flower-buds 

on  them,  although  no  fruit  can  be  expected  from 


grafted  on  the  Quince,  and  are  planted  into  pots  froi 
9  to  II  inches  diameter  according  to  the  size  of  the 
trees.  They  do  not  require  much  pruning.  The 
young  wood  may  be  cut  back  a  little,  that  is  all.  Pot 
them  firmly  in  good  turfy  loam  three  parts,  one  part 
decayed  stable  manure,  ramming  the  compost  in  firmly 
with  a  wooden  rammer. 

The  trees  require  an  abundant  supply  of  water  at  the 
roots  as  soon  as  they  are  growing  freely.  They  will 
form  plenty  of  blossom-buds  during  the  season,  and 
the  year  following  invariably  produce  a  good  crop  of 
fruit.  They  will  not  require  to  be  repotted  at  the  end 
of  their  first  season,  but  as  soon  as  the  fruit  is  formed 


number  of  trees  being  done  each  year.      The  trees  ,.v,-  ^  „„.  „„i„ 

retentive  loam       spinosa,  and  suchlike  lender  shrubs,  which  not  only 

live  but  flourish  in  Devonshire.     Tasmania  aromatica 

is  perfectly  hardy  on  the  lawn,  in  which  position  Bud- 

dieia  globosa  will  also  be  found  useful. 

The  extent  of  ground  planted  with  Conifers  is 
large.  The  collection  of  species  is  not  large,  but 
the  trees  are  healthier  and  more  robust  than  those  at 
Bicton.  Deodars  are  fine,  and  have  been  numerously 
planted.  The  most  imposing  tree  was  a  pendulous 
n  near  the  mansion. 


A    DEVONSHIRE    GARDEN. 


Owners  of  gardens  in  Devon  may  be  envied  for 

two   very  good    reasons— firstly,    on    account   of  the  „^„.      ._-,,.. 

such    trees   the    first   season.     The   trees  are  mostly       copious   yield    of  large,    well-favoured    Apples  they       g^gtch  Fir  growing  on   thi 


annually  garner;  secondly,  for  the  luxuriant  growth 
and  wider  selection  of  trees  and  shrubs  allowed  by 
their  genial  presiding  climate.  In  both  these  respects 
there  are  few  belter  typical  examples  than  Killerton, 
Sir  T.  D.  Acland's  homestall  in  Ihe  basin  of  the 
Ese.  The  soil  is  an  exceeding  rich  loam,  resting 
upon  hard  rock  or  the  Red  Sandstone. 

The  orchards  contain  trees  in  all  stages  of  growth. 
From  the  teeming  nature  of  the  soil  Apples  grafted 
on  Rivers'  Paradise  stocks  have  attained  the  propor- 
tions of  standard  trees  on  the  Crab.  The  three  most 
useful  varieties  to  name  to  your  readers  are,  perhaps, 
Royal  Somerset,  Ross  Nonpareil,  and  Were  de 
Menage.     The  two  first  are  unflagging  bearers,  and 


place  some  rich  surface-dressing  on  the  surface  of  the 
soil  in  the  pots.   I  mix  up  a  few  barrowloads  of  the  fol- 
lowing   three    weeks    before    it    is    required  :— One       not  so  prolific,  grows  up  into  a  robust  tree  ;  its  large, 
barrowload  of  loam,  one  of  fresh  horse-droppings,  and       brilliantly  coloured  fruit,  which  will  keep  far  into  the 
one  of  malt  or  kiln  dust.     This  heats  violently,  and       new  year,  always  command  a  ready 


Some  of  the  branches  hang  down  as  much  as  33  feet, 
and  give  the  old  fellow  a  most  singular  and  handsome 
garb.  A  better  lawn  tree,  e.v  mca  sciUmtU,  than  a 
good  Plnus  sylvestris  is  well  nigh  impossible.  Vet 
what  pains  have  been  taken  to  supersede  it  with 
fresh  faces.  If  further  proof  is  needed  go  to  Meikleour, 
on  the  Tay  side.  A  thickly  branched  Araucaria 
imbiicata  is  60  feet  high.  The  tallest  Thuia  dolabrata 
is  25  feet.  Rare  as  this  is  it  is  not  so  surprising  as  a 
Mount  Atlas  Cedar,  which  is  more  than  So  feet  in 
height.  This  tree,  planted  in  1S09,  has  a  girth  o( 
IS  feet  6  inches  at  more  than  a  yard  from  the  ground. 
A  Lebanon  Cedar  in  the  park  is  as  much  as  16  fett,  but 
that  is  not  so  out  of  the  common.     A  Tulip  tree  near 


must  be  turned  over  daily  to  prevent  its  being  over- 
heated. Next  season  the  trees  may  be  repotted  into 
larger  pots,  using  the  same  compost  as  before.  When 
the  trees  are  in  14-inch  and  i6inch  pots  they  do  not 
require  repotting  for  five  or  six  years  ;  all  that  is 
required  is  to  dig  out  some  of  the  top  soil  wiih  a 
piece  of  pointed  iron,  and  replace  it  wiih  some  loam 
and  decayed  manure  in  equal  parts.  The  trees  do 
not  require  much  syringing,  as  they  are  not  so  liable 
to  be  attacked  by  aphis  and  red-spider  as  Peach  and 
Nectarine  trees.  They  should  be  syringed  once  a 
day  only  in  hot,  dry  weather.  They  also  require  to 
be  watered  at  least  twice  a  day  in  hot  weather. 
Success  or  failure  will  greatly  depend  upon  the  care 


profitable  and  desirable  sorts.     The  third,  alihough       ^j^^   Scotch  Fir  is  also  16  feet  in  girth,  and  forms  a 

good  companion  to  it. 

Near   the   kitchen    garden    is   probably   as    line   a 
Lucombe  Oak,   all  points  taken  into  consideration. 


Some  of  the  Pears  sent  to  South  Kensington  by 
Mr.  Garland  have  been  sensational.  He  has  shown 
Doyenne  du  Comice  li  lb.  in  weight,  and  dishes  of 
Knight's  Monarch  and  Winter  Nelis  so  large  as  to  be 
hardly  recognisable.  The  current  year  has  favoured 
him  well.  If  he  shows  at  the  Congress,  his  collec- 
tion is  sure  to  be  valuable,  so  unusually  good  is  the 
soil.  Information  about  late  Pears  is  frequently  re- 
quested. Here  the  three  best  are  L'lnconnue,  Ber- 
gamotte  d'Esperen,  and  Winter  Nelis  ;  Beurie  Ranee 
and  Ke  Plus  Meuiis  are  very  unprofitable  servants. 


any  in  the  country.  The  trunk  rises,  bare  of 
branches,  for  about  50  feet  ;  at  3  feet  up  it  girths 
13  feet  4  inches.  A  defeated  rival  of  the  same  age 
exists  at  Carclew,  in  Cornwall,  planted  by  that  good 
arborist.  Sir  Charles  E^mon.  I  have,  in  some 
measure,  spoilt  my  advocacy  by  using  too  many 
laudatory  epithets  already,  but  I  must  be  assertive 
once  again,  and  say  that  the  planting  on  the  rising 
ground  behind  the  house  is  a  most  brilliant  effort  of 
landscape  work.  Owing  to  the  Piess  a  certain  name 
and  fame  are  easily  acquired  now-a-days.     It  would  be 


albeit  prolific  ones.     The  best  of  the   former  I  have       gijange  if  Killerton  House  had  not  obtained  a  fair  meed 
ever  seen  were  packed  away  in  bracken  in  air-tight       ^f  jjmf,.   c  .j.  m,  Q. 
drawers  and  not  opened  till    Easter.     Eeurre   Clair- 


with   which   the   water   supply   is  administered.    J .      geau,  on  the  other  hand,  comes  faiily  good,  and  the 
Douglas.  Chauraontels  are  excellent  when  grown  upon  a  south 

:  =  wall.     It  is  not  generally  known  that   by  galheiing 

early  ripe  Winter  Nelis  can  be  had  in  the  fiist  half  of 
October.     The  fruit  must  be  put  in  a  warm   kitchen 
:  room  and  kept  unexposed  to  the  air.     In  this  way 


PEARS   AND  STOCKS. 


The  undermentioned  are  found  to  succeed  and  do  .       ■    ,     -  -      .u-  .   1      -  en 

well  upon  a  wall,  especially  when  protected  in  spring       by   -ccess,ve_  gath„m_gs   this   most^lusaous^^of  _^all 
Kith   canvas,  viz.  :— Bergamottc    d  Esperen,    beu; 


Ranee,  and  Beurid  Sterckmanns  (are  much  improved 
when  protected),  Baronne  de  Mello,  BeurrC  Duval, 
Eeuric  Bachelier,  Beurre  d'Aremberg,  Beurie  Capiau- 
mont,  Beurie  Hardy,  Beurre  Six,  Colmar  d'E'e, 
Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Duche;se 
d'Angouleme,  Fondante  d'Automne,  Huyshe's 
Prince  Consort,  Jersey  Gratioli,  Marie  Louise 
d'Uccle,  Napoleon,  Olivier  des  Serres,  and  Prince 
Napoleon. 

■The  undermentioned  succeed  upon  the  Pear  stock 
as  pyramids,  viz.;  —  Althorpe  Crassane,  Autumn 
Josephine  de  Malines,  Basiner,  Beurre  Clairgeau, 
Beurie  d'Amanlis,  Beurie  de  Jonghe,  Beurre  Diel, 
Beurie  Lingelier,  Beurre  Ranee,  British  Queen, 
Clapp's  Favourite,  Comte  de  Lamy,  Doyenne 
Boussoch,  Eyewood,  Easter  Beurie,  Forelle,  Fon- 
dante d'Automne,  General  Toddeben,  Glou  Mor- 
9eau,  Graslin,  Huyshe's  Prince  of  Wales,  Huyshe's 
Victoria,  Jargonelle,  Knight's  Monarch,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey,  Maiie  Guise,  Marie  Louise,  Passe 
Crassane,  Passe  Colmar,  Pitmaston,  Duchesse,  St. 
Germain,      Seckle,     Urbaniste,     V 


Pears  (barring,  perchance,  Doyenne  du  Comice)  can 
be  had  from  October  to  January. 

Peach  trees  on  a  wall  facing  more  to  the  cast  than 
south  were  loaded  with  fine  fiuit  ;  Dymond  and 
Hale's  Early  being  found  second  to  none  for  outdoor 
culture.  Gooseberries  on  a  north  wall  produced 
edible  fruit  until  the  second  week  in  September. 
Most  things  are  so  well  done  at  Killerton  that  it  will 
not  be  amiss  to  mention  other  nolanda  besides  the 
two  strong  points  enumerated  above.  Outside,  along 
the  front  of  the  vineries,  above  the  sashes,  is  placed 
a  disused  gaspipe,  into  which  have  been  inserted  at 
short  intervals  brass  jets.  This  pipe  is  connected  to 
the  main  water  supply  by  leaden  tubing,  so  that  by  the 
mere  turn  of  a  tap  the  Vine  border  can  be  rained  upon 
for  as  long  a  period  as  desired.  Simple  and  effective, 
was  a  verdict  unhesitatingly  arrived  at.  In  the  late 
vineries  are  two  uncommonly  fine  plants  —  to  wit, 
Encephalartos  Altensteinei,  and  Plalycerium  alci- 
corne.  Both  are  growing  in  late  vineries  ;  the  latter 
is  5  feet  through  and  6  feet  6  inches  high.  The  com- 
post for  it  ismade  upoftwo-thirdspark-loamand  one  of 
Mons"  "Leon      peat.   A  Lapageria  is  planted  out  in  a  prepared  walled 


le  Clerc,  Vicar  of  Winkfield,  Victoria,  and  Williams 
Bon  Chretien. 

The  list  I  have  given  of  Pears  on  both  Quince  and 
Pear  stocks  includes  sorts  which  have  proved  suitable, 
have  succeeded  admirably,  and  been  laden  with  fine 
ftuits.  Nothing  could  exceed  the  beauty  of  some  of 
the  trees  while  in  bloom— the  trees  were  perfect 
pictures.  Our  situation  is  low  and  damp,  and  we 
have  heavy  fogs,  much  rain,  and  prevailing  east  winds  ; 
for  instance,  last  spring,  during  March  and  April, 
when  most  of  the  trees  were  in  flower,  the  wind  was 
from  the  east,  or  north-east,  for  forty-two  days,  often 
accompanied  by  sleet  or  rain,  the  average  rainfall  here, 
during   the    two   months   named    being    31 


n  b  rder  i,\  feet  square.  It  is  growing  in  20  inches  of 
soil  resting  upon  a  rubble  drainage.  The  growth  was 
most  luxuriant,  and  |the  number  of  flowers  produced 
from  St.  Swithin's  Day  to  Vule-tide  very  large. 
This  was  the  finest  plant  I  have  ever  seen.  By  putting 
brickwork  round  the  border,  planks  or  iron  grating 
can  be  spread  across  for  pot  plants  to  rest  on  ;  thus 
no  space  is  lost.  That  a  Lapageria  does  best  when 
planted  few  will  question,  only  it  must  be  planted  out 
where  the  conditions  are  favourable.  A  house  built 
on  to  a  north  wall  will  be  found  very  much  to  its 
taste. 
The  trees  in  the  park  and  grounds  are  simply  mag. 


PETWORTH     PARK. 

The  Pears  are  grown  here  as  pyramids  on  the  Quince 
stock,  and  are  admirable  examples  of  such  culture, 
not  being  quite  so  formal  as  they  frequently  appear. 
The  following  were  carrying  heavy  crops  :— Emile 
d'Heyst,  one  of  the  finest  autumn  Pears,  heavily  laden 
with  very  large  fruit  ;  Darandeau,  very  large  and 
evenly  cropped  ;  Beurie  Diel,  heavily  cropped  with 
clean  fruit  (this  sort  is  bearing  heavily  this  hot  season, 
and  the  fruit  is  free  from  cracks  or  spots,  even  on 
standards) ;  Pitmaston  Duchess,  a  regular  crop  of 
very  large  fruit  ;  Souvenir  du  Congtes,  heavily  laden 
trees  of  this  grand  September  fruit  ;  standards  of 
Beurie  Capiaumont  and  Catillac,  heavily  cropped. 

But  the  pride  of  the  gardens  is  found  in  the  cordon 
walls,  the  trees  all  being  trained  upright  (not  oblique), 
and  in  most  cases  they  were  regularly  fruited  from  base 
to  summit  ;  tire  fruit  was  good  and  clean  as  I  saw  it, 
and  now  that  copious  rains  have  fallen  it  will  doubtless 
gain  size  and  colour.  Easter  Beurre  did  not  appear 
at  home  in  any  position,  and  Napoleon  was  not  happy 
—but  mo5t  of  the  Pears  in  general  cultivation  were 
represented  by  admirably  managed  trees,  carrying  a 
regular  crop.  The  palm  (on  cordons)  must  be  given 
to  Pitmaston  Duchess,  but  Duchesse  d'Angouleme, 
Marie  Louise,  Beurre  d'Anjou  were  grand  ;  Berga- 
mottc d'Esperen,  Glou  Moi9:au,  Miiie  Benoist 
were  excellent  ;  as  also  Louise  d'Uccle,  Nouvelle 
Fulvie,  Winter  Nelis,  and  Emile  d'Heyst,  Madame 
Millet,  a  Pear  that  generally  is  not  good,  was 
cropping  heavily,  clean  well  formed  fruit,  Beutie 
Bosc,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Soldat  Labourer, 
Doyenne  du  Comice,  were  among  the  cream  of 
the  cordons— and   better  examples   I  never  yet  saw 

as    candelabra-trained    trees.      A    grand    tree    of 

Beurre  Kance  was  remarkable,  and  this  is  a  Pear  that 
seldom  does  well  ;  and  in  the  same  forms  were  Fon- 
dante d'Automne,  Napoleon,  doing  well  on  an  east 
wall  with  Josephine  de  Malines.  One  standard-trained 
Catillac  was  a  marvel  of  feitility. 


inches. 


.  ,1,     (  „.  „f  ■!,.  Poooh  Annies   do   not   do  so    well    as    Pears,    the    great 

uu.,u,    ... =    .  -              ■       "'"cent,  and  the  grouping  at  Ih     foot  of  the  Beech  ^PP ,  ^^,  ^^^^^^^  ,^         ,„d   red-spider  has  been 

consequently  we  suffer  much  from  spring  frosts,  the      woods  above  the  house  richly  deserves    he  visit  of  d  ougm                       ^^^^^  remarkable   specimens   of 

blossom    being   often   destroyed,   but  I   find,   when      your  special  artist  or  photographer      A'    his  point  P'^^''    •,              ^   ^v^,^^,„  ^^^       ,„d  Mere  de 

protected    by  canvas,    the   fruit   does    not    become      compact-growing  Conifers,  such  as  Cupressus  torulosa  leasgooasx 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


495 


Menage  on  pyramids,  and  extraordinaiy  fruits  of 
Melon,  and  Calville  Hlanc  on  the  wall?.  Plums 
were  mostly  gone,  and  a  few  trees  of  Coe's 
Golden  Drop  did  the  honours  for  the  family  ;  a  stan- 
dard tree  of  Scarlet  Nonpareil  was  remarkable  for  an 
enormous  crop  of  richly  coloured  fruit.  Growers  on 
sandy  soil  should  note  this,  as  generally  this  is  a  shy 
bearer.  On  the  lawn  was  a  line  example  ol  the  Sussex 
Nanny  Apple,  a  rich  dessert  fruit,  that  has  been 
neglected,  bnt  which  for  September  use  is  first-rate, 
and  very  handsome  in  appearance.  Sturmer  Pippin 
also  does  well,  being  eminently  happy  in  a  light 
warm  soil. 

The  Peaches  under  glass  were  specimens  of  succss- 
ful  culture,  and  it  was  a  treit  to  see  them  with  the 
Nectarines  on  the  south  wall  outside,  with  rich  dirk 
green  foliage  covering  the  bricks  entirely,  and  carry- 
ing large  crops,  which  struck  me  would  have  been 
much  larger  in  a  less  dry  season.  The  Grapes  were, 
and  had  been,  fine — a  full  crop  of  well  finished 
bunches.  But  the  wonder  of  the  houses  is  an  immense 
white  Ischia  Fig,  which  entirely  fills  a  house  30  x  iS 
feet,  a  picture  of  health  and  vigour,  and  crowded 
with  its  second  crop  of  fruit  in  all  stiges,  from  the 
geeen  figlets  to  the  luscious  splitting  morsels  of  sweet- 
ness and  flavour.  The  main  stem  was  of  enormous 
dimensions,  and  one  cjuld  almost  credit  that  it  was 
planted  in  the  reign  of  the  great  pioneer  of  fruit 
growing,  Henry  Vllf.,  whose  grand  portrait  in  the 
carved  room  (rich  with  the  priceless  work  of  Gibbon) 
seem»  to  give  colour  to  the  report. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  the  glass  bouses 
contained  everything  that  was  needed  for  such  a  vast 
establishment,  and  each  department  was  conspicuous 
for  good  management  and  care,  and  a  credit  to 
Mr.  Breese,  the  gardener.  In  the  greenhouse  I 
noted  a  fine  mass  of  Nerine  Fothergilli  that  had 
apparently  not  been  potted  for  a  dozen  years — 
treatment  which  seemed  to  suit  this  somewhat  fickle 
subject,  as  shown  by  several  fine  heads  of  its  coral- 
coloured  flowers. 

In  the  pits  were  a  splendid  set  of  Pines  in  all  stages 
of  development,  beautiful  to  look  on — so  clean  and 
vigorous.  A  young  Bjugainvillea  in  the  stove  was 
covered  with  its  gay  sprays  of  coloured  brads,  of  a 
larger  size  than  is  usually  seen  ;  and  in  a  pond-like 
depression  was  a  mass  of  the  American  Cranberry,  full 
of  fast-ripening  fruit — a  novel  sight.  Provision  is  made 
to  flood  this  pond  at  the  proper  seasons. 

I  cannot  close  this  notice  without  revertidg  to  the 
noble  timber  trees  in  the  park,  the  principal  kinds, 
being  Spanish  Chestnut,  Beech,  Lime,  and  Oaks, 
some  remarkable  examples  of  which  exist.  In  ever- 
greens there  are  finely-coloured  Golden  Mueen  and 
Waterer's  Hollies,  with  some  fine  specimens  of  the 
best  green  forms,  such  as  Scottica,  recurva,  opaca, 
and  Hodginsii.  There  is  a  noble  group  of  Scotch 
Firs  ;  of  Silver  Firs  there  are  several  examples  of 
massive  erect  growth,  like  a  man-of-war's  masts,  and 
some  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  vieing  with  those  on  the 
historical  mount,  carrying  immense  boles  without  a 
knot  or  brancji. 

There  is  a  very  large  Tulip  tree  near  the  mansion, 
the  trunk  of  which  near  the  turf  must  be  about  24  feet 
round,  and  in  the  woodland  walk  I  noted  a  very  fine 
Liquidambar,  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  surrounding 
timber  trees. 

Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  were  quite  at  home, 
and  on  lh3  mansion  wall  were  magnificent  trees  of 
Magnolia  exoniensis,  and  Photinia  glabra.    Viitor, 


a  good  price,  but  the  tree  is  very  lender  when  in 
flower,  and  it  is  not  a  regular  bearer.  Such  favour 
does  this  sort  gain  in  the  markets  that  other  sorts  of 
the  same  season  do  not  sell  while  it  is  *'  in."  , 
After  September  the  lleuriL  de  Capiaumonf,  a  pretty 
russely  Pear,  comes,  and  the  fertile  Aston  Town 
or  Sjmmer  Crassane  are  ready.  Fertility,  which  may 
be  called  an  improved  Capiaumort,  also  claims 
notice,  as  it  is  a  most  valuable  fruit  and  a  constant 
cropper.  In  September  also  the  Ilessle  or  H.iz;l 
Pear  is  most  lucrative,  as  it  is  a  very  fertiie 
tree  ;  and  as  it  does  not  readily  bruise  it  can  be  kept  till 
its  almost  ripe  stage.  This  is  perhaps  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  sorts  in  prowth,  and  when  heavily 
laden,  its  pendent  branches  and  conspicuous  bunches 
of  fruit  make  a  strking  picture.  The  old  "  Ber- 
gamy,"  or  AuCumn  Bergamot,  is  still  found  on  very 
old  trees,  and'is  a  favourite  London  Pear,  being  one 
of  the  three-a-penny  sort,  which  is  the  aciiu-  of  a 
coster's  wants. 

In  Eist  K:nt,  B:urre  Bj-c,  Marie  Louise,  and 
Louise  Bonne,  are  well  grow:i,  but  such  Fears  require 
a  warm  situation,  and  the  rich  deep  loams  of  the 
brick-making  country.  Theie  are  but  few  winter 
sorts.  Broom  Park  and  Bishop's  Thumb  are  fine 
croppers,  but  for  profit.  Pears  are  best  fit  to  market 
from  the  trees.  Kent  cannot  be  considered  a  Pear 
country  as  far  as  marketing  goes,  but  it  is  conspicuous  in 
garden  fruit.  The  county  lacks  the  deep  rich  loams 
of  Hereford  and  Middlesex  ;  and  Plums,  Damsons, 
and  Cherries,  which  succeed  on  lighter  and  shallower 
soils,  are  preferred.  It  is  astonishing  the  effect  of 
winter  manuring  and  sheep-folding  on  the  old  Pears 
in  orchards,  and  it  is  not  loo  much  to  say  that  most 
of  our  pears  are  starved  for  want  of  proper  attention. 
George  Bunyard^  Maufsfonc. 


PEARS   FOR   MARKET. 

Our  orchards  in  the  Maidstone  district  contain  many 
old  kinds  which  cannot  be  named,  and  which  may 
probably  have  been  planted  for  perry  in  times  gone  by, 
or  they  may  be  merely  chance  seedlings,  but  for  market 
work  the  kinds  required  are  few.  Starling  wi'h  the 
July  sorts  the  old  Green  Chisel  is  the  earliest.  The 
Chalk,  a  yellowish-green  soil,  is  next,  and  is  a  local 
kind,  called  also  the  Sweetwater.  It  is  a  valuable 
market  Pear,  as  it  is  a  regular  heavy  bearer,  owing,  no 
doubt,  to  the  fact  that  the  tree  recovers  itself  after 
the  fruit  is  picked.  Djyenne  d'E't.-.  the  first  really 
good  Pear,  succeeds  well  as  a  standard  tree.  The 
old  London  Pear,  the  Lammas,  is  the  next,  and  from 
its  red  cheek  and  bright  yellow  colour  it  is  a  good 
*'  cooler's  "  sort.  There  is,  then,  a  little  break,  and 
September  sees  the  "  City  "  Pear  parixcelkncc  in  the 
markets.  The  well  known  Williams'  Bon  Chretien 
is  largely  planted,   as   it    never   fails   to  command 


in  masses,  is  one  of  the  most  hardy  and  also  th« 
most  brilliant  of  spring  bulbs.  Narcissus,  Jonquil, 
and  Daffjdil  are  good  for  irarly  spring  gardens, 
their  golden  hues  being  very  gorgeous.  To  suc- 
ceed they  should  be  planted  deep,  and  be  allowed 
to  remain  in  the  ground  undisturbed.  The  more 
suitable  varieties  are  N.  Bulbocodium,  poelicus,  biflorus. 
The  Tulip,  both  single  and  double,  must  also  claim 
a  first  place  in  the  spring  garden,  which  cannot  be 
complete  without  them  ;  if  tho-e  already  mentioned 
give  chiefly  the  orange  tints,  the  Tulip  gives  the 
scarlet,  rose,  crimson  hues.  It  also  extends  the  period  of 
bloom  far  beyond  those  already  mentioned.  The  Hya- 
cinth, with  its  lovely  and  varied  shades  of  purple,  red, 
pink,  must  ever  command  a  prominent  position.  The 
Hyacinth  when  massed  in  borders  produce;  a  charm- 
ing eflf;ct,  but  for  baskets  and  vases  they  are  particu- 
larly suitable.  It  is  more  liable  to  injury  from  frost 
than  those  already  mentioned,  and  requires  slight 
protection  during  severe  weather  by  placing  leaf- 
mould  or  similar  material  over  the  bulbs.  To  prolong 
the  season  o(  blooming  a  few  bulbs  should  be  potted 
at  dift'irent  times,  to  replenish  with  as  the  others  are 
removed.  There  are  many  more  most  beautiful  bulbs 
that  can  be  used  for  the  spring  garden,  such  as  the 
Anemones,  the  early  dwarf  Iris,  Ranunculus,  Dog's- 
tooth  Violets,  the  Grape  Hyacinth  ;  but  to  be  effec- 
tive the  dilTerent  kinds  of  bulbs  should  be  planted  with 
great  care  and  due  regard  to  their  habits  and  nature 

*  Store  Houses. 
Recently  propagated  plants  should  now  be  safely 
housed.  Pelargoniums  winter  best  on  shelves  in  a 
cool  dry  house,  damp  is  their  great  enemy,  and  should 
be  guarded  against  ;  and  Verbenas,  Petunias,  and 
Ageralums  will  require  the  same  treatment  for  the 
present — Allernantheras,  Coleus,  and  Iresines  a  moist 
hea*,  a  minimum  temperature  of  60",  if  they  are  to 
winter  well.  Any  succulent  plant  of  which  it  is 
desired  to  increase  the  stock  should  be  placed  in  heat, 
to  induce  them  to  throw  out  offsets  or  cuttings. 
Win   Sniylhc,  Tin  Gardens,  Basing  Park,  Alton. 


No  time  should  now  be  lost  in  clearing,  dressing, 
and  replanting  the  beds  with  winter  shrubs,  and 
spring  plants  and  bulbs.  In  performing  this  work 
now,  not  only  will  the  garden  present  a  changed  and 
bright  appearance,  but  by  being  planted  early  the 
spring  plants  become  well  established,  and,  therefore, 
better  able  to  endure  the  severity  of  the  winter. 
In  removing  the  summer  plants  it  is  always  ad- 
visable to  preserve  a  few  plants  ol  each  of  the  dilferent 
varieties  of  Pelargoniums  and  other  useful  plants,  to 
be  potted  singly  or  planted  thickly  in  shallow  boxes, 
which  should  then  be  placed  in  pit  or  house,  where  they 
can  have  heat  for  two  or  three  weeks,  till  they  have 
made  fresh  roots  and  re-established  themselves  ;  they 
then  will  only  require  to  be  preserved  from  frost  and 
damp.  If  these  plants  are  not  cut  back  too  hard  they 
will  be  found  most  useful  for  planting  vases  and  for 
filling  the  centres  of  large  beds,  and  places  where  large 
specimens  are  required.  In  preparing  the  beds  for 
transplanting,  it  is  not  desirable  at  this  season, 
when  the  soil  is  light  and  free,  to  dig  them,  but 
simply  to  clear  off  the  plants  and  rubbish,  and 
level  the  surface.  By  this  means  much  labour 
and  time  are  saved,  and  Ihe  condition  of  the 
soil  is  more  conducive  to  the  health  of  the  plants 
during  winter  than  when  the  soil  is  rendered  light 
and  loose  by  digging.  In  heavy  soils,  however,  not 
only  will  digging  be  found  necessary  and  advantageous, 
but  where  Violets,  Polyanthuses,  double  Primulas, 
or  any  such  plants  are  intended  to  be  grown  a  liberal 
dressing  of  well  decayed  manure  or  leaf-mould  mixed 
with  sharp  sand.  Then  if  not  wet  the  soil  should  be 
trodden  before  planting,  and  when  bulbs  are  planted 
much  mischief  afterwards  arises  from  the  holes  in 
which  they  are  planted  being  filled  in  with  rich  light 
soil  or  sand,  and  without  the  precaution  being  taken 
to  make  the  soil  surrounding  them  equally  firm  with 
the  other  parts  of  the  bed.  These  holes,  made  by  the 
dibble,  form  in  wet  weather  easy  receptacles  for  the 
water  to  drain  into,  and  frequently  are  the  cause  of 
great  destruction  to  bulbs  and  other  plants. 

Plants  and  Bulbs  for  Beds. 
For  small  beds  for  early  flowering  the  Winter 
Aconite  is  very  pretty,  especially  when  associated 
with  Snowdrops  and  early  flowering  Scillas  :  Crown 
Imperials  are  most  effective  for  centres  of  large  beds 
and  for  mixed  borders.     The  Crocus,  when  planted 


]^^F(UIT3    -IflNDEI^     'C^LAgg. 


STRAWBERRIES    IX    POTS. 

These  plants,  after  developing  their  growth,  will 
naturally  need  a  resting  period.  For  this  object 
they  should  now  be  placed  in  a  cold  pit  or  frame, 
and  be  kept  much  drier  at  the  roots  than  they 
have  been  hitherto  ;  in  fact,  only  sufficient  water 
should  be  given  to  prevent  them  from  becoming  dust- 
dry,  and  the  lights  should  be  kept  off  them  whenever 
it  is  not  excessively  wet  or  frosty.  No  place  in  my 
opinion  is  so  well  adapted  for  wintering  Srawberry 
plants  in  as  cold  pits  or  frames  with  a  floor  of  coal- 
ashes,  on  which  to  stand  the  p'ants  at  no  great 
distance  from  the  lights,  which  should  only  be  placed 
on  them  whenever  rain  or  frost  is  severe.  If  the  pots 
are  not  plunged  in  some  sort  of  light  material,  they 
should  be  covered  up  during  very  severe  weather. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  current  month  all  the 
plants  should  be  brought  together  in  their  winter 
quarters.  Those  which  are  to  be  forced  at  an  early 
and  intermediate  date  should  have  the  protec- 
tion as  recommended,  but  the  later  ones,  in  my 
opinion,  do  not  require  it  at  all.  These  plants 
do  exceedingly  well  with  considerably  less  troublt 
when  they  are  placed  entirely  out-of-doors,  in  beds, 
and  even  plunged  up  to  the  rim  of  the  pots  in  coal- 
ashes  with  the  same  also  beneath  them  to  prevent  the 
ingress  of  worms.  With  regard  to  the  best  variety  for 
early  forcing  opinions  vary  considerably.  Black 
Prince  is  early,  but  too  small  ;  La  Grosse  Sucree  is 
much  extolled  by  some  growers,  but  we  have  aban- 
doned it  for  early  work  because  of  its  acidity  when 
ripened  early.  Keens'  Seedling  is  still  a  favourite, 
and  can  be  depended  on  when  subjected  to  good 
management,  but  taking  all  points  into  account.  Vis- 
comlesse  Hericirt  de  Thury  stands  pre-eminent  in 
my  estimation  as  being  the  best  of  all  the  old  varieties 
for  very  early  forcing.  Our  customary  practice  is  to 
start  a  batch  of  this  kind  early  in  December ;  the 
plants  are  usually  placed  on  a  shelf  which  commands 
every  ray  of  sunshine  and  light,  and  when  these 
elements  abound  they  get  the  advantage  of  a  place 
having  the  fullest  amount  of  air  consistent  with  keep- 
ing up  the  house  to  a  moderate  temperature,  and 
syringing  is  freely  done  whenever  circumstances  admit 
once  or  twice  a  day.   G.  T.  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey, 


496 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OcTor.KR   17,    1S85. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  >ale  of  Bulbs  from    Holland,    at    Stevens 
Rooms. 

ale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  ProthcroeA  Morris' 
Rooms. 
Clearance  Sale  at  the  ■Vau.Nhail  Nursery. 
Canterbury,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris  (four 

Societj 

days). 
Sale     of     Linums,     Tuberoses,      Roman 

Hyacinths  &c.,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Plants,  Roses,  Sic,  at  Protheroe  & 

Sale  of  Nursery  Stock   at  Joyning's  Nur- 
seiy,   Waltham    Cross,  by  Protheroe    & 


f  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens' 

Wednesday,  Oct.  21  i  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock  at  the  1 

I      Nursery,  Lee,  by  Protheroe  & 


t  Stevens'  Rooms. 

le  Manor  Lane 
5  &  Morris. 
r  Apple  and  Pear  Show  at  Exeter  (two  days). 
I  Sale  of  Established  and  Imported  Orchids 
Oct.  22  t      from  Mr.  F.  Sander,  at  Stevens'  Rooms.- 
Sale    of     Dutch     Bulbs,    at    Protheroe    & 
L     Morris'  Rooms, 
n^,   „  I  Sale  of  Established  Orchids,  at  Protheroe 
"■  ^  \      &  Morris'  Rooms. 

(  Sale      of      Dutch     Bulbs,      at      Stevens' 


OUR  present  number  is  largely  occupied 
with  matters  relating  to  Pears  and  Pe.^r 
Culture,  and  the  subject  will  be  continued  in 
subsequent  issues,  as  it  will  necessarily  be 
incumbent  upon  us  to  report  upon  the  large 
collections  to  be  brought  together  at  Chiswick 
next  week.  The  Pear  Conference— a  misnomer 
in  some  respects  —  is  well  timed.  Rarely  has 
there  been  so  general  a  crop  of  Pears  through- 
out the  country  — rarely  therefore,  so  favour- 
able an  opportunity  of  bringing  together  and 
of  studying  all  that  pertains  to  Pears. 

It  can  hardly  be  expected  that  the  same 
unlooked-for  success  which  attended  the  Apple 
Congress  will  be  experienced  on  this  occasion  ; 
nevertheless,  the  entries  are  very  numerous 
and  the  "Conference"  is  well-timed.  Those 
who  look  to  fruit  culture  to  supplement  the 
deficiencies  of  agriculture  may  profit  much  ; 
they  may  learn  from  the  e.xhibition  and  from  the 
articles  we  now  publish  that  Pear  culture  now-a- 
days  is  not  so  risky  a  matter  as  it  once  was — that 
although  the  obstacles  offered  by  our  climate 
are  not  lessened  gardeners  have  found  a  way 
round  the  obstacle.  The  introduction  of  the 
Quince  stock  on  suitable  soils  has  rendered 
Pear  culture  vastly  more  certain  and  more  pro- 
ductive, and  has  caused  the  old  adage  to  become 
obsolete.  But  while  strongly  advising  the 
farmer  to  take  a  leaf  out  of  the  gardener's 
book  we  as  strongly  advise  him  to  let  it  be  a 
leaf  and  not  the  whole  volume.  To  drop  meta- 
phor, fruit-culture,  and  more  especially  Pear 
culture,  must  not  be  depended  on  as  the  main 
source  of  revenue.  As  an  accessory  it  may 
be  very  useful,  but  it  would,  in  most  cases,  be 
disastrous  for  a  farmer  or  market  gardener  to 
attempt  to  make  it  his  mainstay.  After  all, 
however,  fruit  -  culture  is  not  more  risky 
and  uncertain  than  that  of  Hops.  The  beau- 
tiful little  pyramids  which  we  lately  saw  in 
Mr.  BUNYARD's  nursery  at  Maidstone  furnish 
an  astonishing  spectacle  to  those  who  re- 
member the  old  disheartening  proverb,  and 
call  to  mind  the  status  quo  ante  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Quince  stock.  They  wou'd 
excite  the  envy  of  the  distressed  agriculturists 
and  speculator.  But  it  must  be  remembered 
that  Pears  have,  this  season  at  any  rate,  been  a 
drug  in  the  market,  and  that  it  is  not  every 
agriculturist  who  is  in  a  position  to  give  the  un- 
reniiiling  personal  attention  and  skill  which  a 
Rivers,  a  Bunyard,  or  a  Lee  give,  in  planting 
and  training  their  trees.  A  visit  to  Mr. 
BUNYARD's nursery — and  the  same  maybe  said 
of  many  others— is  in  itself  an  instructive  lesson 
in  watchful  care,  symmetry,  method,  and  appro- 
priateness. This  is  only  attained  by  years  of 
personal  supervision,  and  a  complete  know- 
ledge of  the  business.  Is  it  likely  that  a 
farmer  occupied  with  other  matters,  or  a 
speculator  going  into  fruit  -  culture  without 
any  previous  training,  can  expect  to  succeed 
at  once .'  He  must  do  as  the  gardener 
and  nurserymen  have  done — begin  at  the  begin- 
ning and  go  on  by  degrees.  If  this  cautious 
method  of  procedure   were   adopted   fruit   cul- 


ture might  be  made  a  very  valuable  addition  to 
the  resources  of  the  farmer,  and  the  disastrous 
consequences  of  plunging  into  an  ill-considered 
venture  would  be  obviated. 

As  to  fruit  growing  on  a  small  scale  in  private 


on  the  one  hand,  and  to  obviate  the  disap- 
pointment just  alluded  to  on  the  other,  we  have 
thought  it  well  to  utilise  the  exhibition  of  Pears 
at  Chiswick,  by  the  publication  of  a  series  of 
articles  from  the  pens  of  our  best  cultivators 


Fig.  ioS. — peaks  hori/Ontaily  trained,     (.see 


Fig.   109  — M.^KiE  LOUISE  pear  on  boihv.     (aEE  1.  4yy  ) 


gardens,  the  case  is  Somewhat  different  :  the 
risk  is  here  infinitely  less,  indeed  the  art  and 
resources  of  the  gardener,  the  introduction  of 
the  Quince  stock,  and  the  selection  of  suitable 
sorts  have  rendered  a  crop  of  some  sort  almost 
a  certainty.     In  order  to  help  on  fruit-culture 


and  largest  growers.  To  the  courtesy  of  these 
gentlemen  we  are  indebted  for  the  opportunity 
of  laying  before  our  readers  an  amount  of  infor- 
mation as  to  modes  of  culture  and  the  sorts  suit- 
able for  different  localities,  such  as  we  believe 
has  not  previously  been  gathered  together. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


497 


The  Proposed  International  Exhi- 
bition.— The  tone  of  the  conference  of  the 
members  of  the  several  committees,  with  the 
Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
and  which  was  held   at  South  Kensington  on 


but  a  cautious  spirit  evidently  pervaded  the 
meeting,  and  there  was  no  such  eagerness  dis- 
played to  take  the  matter  up  as  there  was  in 
1 866.  Nor  is  this  either  to  be  wondered  af 
or    regretted.      An    exhibition    so    vast    and 


the  several  committees,  but  of  the  horticultural 
world  in  general,  and  of  ascertaining  their 
views.  It  seemed  to  be  the  general  feeling  that 
not  mere  e.xhibitions  of  plants,  but  of  horticul- 
tural  produce  and   appliances,  home,   foreign. 


no.  —  I'AL.MEllE    TRAINED     lUllE. 


Tuesday  last,  for  the  purpose  of  considering 
the  feasibility  of  establishing  an  International 
Horticultural  Exhibition  on  a  large  and  com- 
prehensive scale,  in  1887,  was,  to  say  the  least, 
not  enthusiastic.  The  matter  was  carefully 
laid  ^iefore  the  meeting  by  Sir  Trevor  Law- 
rence, the  President,  and  by  Mr.  W.  T. 
Thiseljon  Dyer,  on  behalf  of  the  Council ; 


varied  as  the  one  contemplated  must  needs  be, 
one  partly  continuous  for  many  months,  partly 
intermittent,  cannot  be  undertaken  without 
much  consideration  ;  and  hence,  after  some 
discussion,  it  was  resolved  that  the  meeting  be 
adjourned  for  one  month,  to  give  the  Council 
the  opportunity  ot  inviting  the  presence  at 
another  meeting  not  merely  of  the  members  of 


and  colonial,  and  of  all  descriptions— forestry 
products,  illustrations  of  insect  injuries,  and 
diseases  caused  by  fungi  —  models,  artificial 
flowers — indeed,  speaking  generally,  of  anything 
and  everything  pertaining  to  the  vegetable  king- 
dom and  its  products,  should  be  got  together ; 
and  that  as  even  such  a  programme  would  pro- 
bably not  suffice,  the  exhibition  should  be  tacked 


493 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[OCTODER    17,    18 


on  as  an  adjunct  to  some  other  subject,  much  as 
music  now  is  to  machinery  in  the  Inventions 
Exhibition. 

If  such  a  programme,  even  in  considerably 
reduced  proporiions,  is  to  be  carried  out,  a  site 
must  be  found,  and,  above  all,  money  must  be 
obtained.  It  aopears  that  there  is  little  likeli- 
hood of  any  difficulty  at  all  as  to  site,  while  if  the 
Commissioners  be  really  desirous,  as  it  is  alleged 
they  are,  of  helping  forward  the  scheme,  there 
need  not  be  great  apprehension  as  to  the 
needful  funds  being  forthcoming.  As  to  exhi- 
bitions of  living  plants  the  exhibitors  present 
were  very  shy  of  committing  themselves,  for 
which  caution  they  are  not  to  blame  ;  but 
there  can  be  little  doubt,  we  think,  that  if 
the  scheme  is  more  definitely  elaborated, 
the  exhibitors,  as  a  body,  will  not  be  found 
wanting.  In  the  meantime  a  month  is 
now  given  for  consideration,  and  during 
that  time  we  trust  the  Council  of  the 
Society  will  lake  every  means,  by  circular  or 
otherwise,  of  gaining  the  opinion  of  the  pro- 
vincial exhibitors  and, nurserymen,  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  several  horticultural  societies 
throughout  the  kingdom,  and  of  all  those  who 
may  be  concerned,  directly  or  collaterally,  in 
the  proposed  exhibition.  When  the  Council 
has  gained  such  evidence,  and  is  in  a  position 
to  state  more  decidedly  what  support  the  Com- 
missioners will  give,  it  will  be  time  to  decide 
what— if  anything— shall  be  done.  Probably 
some  of  our  readers  may,  in  the  meantime, 
be  disposed  to  give  their  fellows  the  benefit 
of  their  opinions  through  the  medium  of  the 
Press. 


The  Royal  HoRTicaLTiiR^L  Society.  — 

While  we  rfjoice  at  the  spirit  manifested  by  the 
Council  in  even  suggesting  such  an  Exhibition  as  that 
above  alluded  to,  we  can  but  think  that  there  are 
other  matters  vfhich  in  the  present  state  of  things  are 
more  pressing  and  of  greater  importance.  First  ar.d 
foremost  is  the  urgent  necessity  for  proper  accommo- 
dation and  meeiing  places  for  the  Fellows,  proper 
offices  for  the  olTi;iils,  a  proper  home  for  the  libraiy. 
It  is  probable,  however,  that  tW  these  might  naturally 
be  evolved  out  of  the  Exhibition  scheme,  indeed  it  is 
certain  that  the  preliminary  business  of  such  an  Exhi- 
bition could  not  be  carried  out  with  such  accommo- 
dation as  the  Society  now  has. 

The    Provincial    Exhihitions.  —  While 

doubts  may  fairly  be  felt  by  some  people  as  to  the 
propriety  of  embarking  in  so  vast  an  undertaking  as 
an  International  Iloiticuliural  Exhibition  must  needs 
be,  there  will,  we  imagine,  be  no  doubt  whatever 
that  the  time  has  com;,  and  more  than  come,  to  resum; 
those  annual  provincial  exhibitions  which  were,  on 
the  whole,  so  successful  in  former  years.  The  experi- 
ence gained  in  the  past  should  lead  to  the  avoidance 
of  the  blunders  that  led  to  the  disaster  at  Preston. 
Bury  St.  Edmund's  has  been  mentioned  in  Ih's 
connection,  and  it  certainly  has  claims  by  reason  of 
the  cordial  welcome  it  gave  the  Society  before,  if  not 
from  mere  priority.  Still,  we  cm  but  think  that  it 
would  be  well  to  hold  the  provincial  show  in  some 
larger  cily,  and  one  more  dislinc'ively  associated  with 
horticulture.  Why  not  L-verpooI  ?  Such  a  show  has 
never  been  held  in  that  cily,  and  it  seems  not  un- 
likely that  the  Liverpool  authorises  would,  if  proper 
representations  were  made  to  them,  invite  the 
Society,  and  perhaps  make  the  Provincial  Horticul- 
tural Show  an  adjunct  for  the  time  to  the  great 
Exhibition  of  Navigation,  Travelling,  Commerce,  and 
Manufacture,  proposed  to  be  held  in  that  cily  in  1SS6. 

International  Exhibition  ov  Naviga- 
tion, Travelling,  Commerce,  and  Manufac- 
ture.—This  Exhibition,  which  it  is  intended  to 
hold  in  Liverpool  next  year,  has  the  support  of  the 
citizens — so  much  so  that  a  guarantee  fund  of  over 
jfjo.ooo  has  been  formed.  The  exhibition  will  be 
opened  in  the  middle  of  May,  and  kept  open  for  six 
months,  on  the  EHge  Lane  Park  estate,  about 
35  acres  in  extent.  This  land,  which  has  lately  been 
acquired  by  the  Liverpool  Corporation  as  a  public 
park,  is  within  two  miles  of  the  Exchange,  and 
adjoins  Edge  Hill  Station  on  the  London  and 
Nonh-Western  Railway  Company's  main  line.  It 
was  thought  proper  that  Liverpool  should  give  to 
its  first  exhibition  the  stamp  of  its  own  individu- 
ality, and  that  the  second  seaport  of  the  world  should 


show  a  collection  illustrating  navigation  in  ancient  and 
modern  times.  Travelling  by  land  was  naturally 
added,  and  so  the  chief  feature  of  the  scheme  is  a 
"  Travellers'  Exhibition."  As  closely  allied  to  this 
there  is  also  a  division  for  the  "  Commerce  and 
Manufactures  of  the  World,"  In  this  latter  section 
the  raw  materials  of  the  animal,  vegetab'c,  and 
minerable  kingdoms,  the  processes  through  which  they 
pass,  and  the  resulting  products  will  be  shown.  Special 
prominence  will  be  given  to  food,  drink,  and  clothing. 
.\%  no  English  exhibit  will  be  admitted  to  the  Indian 
and  Colonial  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  South  Kensing- 
ton next  year,  Liverpool  will  be  the  only  place  where 
home  exhibitors  can  display  their  goods.  It  is  calcu- 
lated that  in  Liverpool  and  fifiy  miles  round  there  is 
a  larger  population  than  in  London  and  fifiy  miles 
round  it,  so  there  should  be  plenty  of  visitors  to  the 
Exhibition  ;  moreover,  there  is  a  great  number  of 
American  and  other  foreign  travellers  who  pass 
through  Liverpool  to  whom  the  Exhibition  will 
recommend  itself. 

Horticultural   Exhibition   in   18S7. — 

The  following  note  has  been  sent  us  for  publication  : 
— A  meeting  of  the  Council  and  Committees  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  was  held  at  South 
Kensington,  on  Tuesday,  the  ijih  inst.,  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P.,  in  the  chair.  The  object 
of  the  meeting  was  to  consider  the  advisability  of 
holding  an  International  Horticultural  Exhibition  at 
South  Kensington  in  1SS7,  and  it  was  resolved  that, 
with  the  view  of  obtaining  a  larger  representation  of 
horticulturists  than  was  then  present,  anolher  meeting 
be  held  on  November  la.  The  Council  invite  the 
cooperation  of  all  who  are  interested  in  this  matter, 
and  invite  them  to  take  part  in  the  proceedings  of 
the  forthcoming  meeting. 

The  Fruit  Show  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  October  13  -So  well  did 
fruit  growers  respond  to  the  invitation  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  on  Tuesday  last  that  the  large 
number  of  1709  dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears  were 
exhibited,  inclusive  o(  non  competing  fruit. 

• The    Gardeners'    Royal    Benevolent 

Institution.— The  annual  dinner  of  the  above  is 
fixed  to  take  place  in  1SS6  on  the  evening  of  July  2. 

Horticulture  and  the  Depression  of 

Trade  :— Messrs.  Smith  &  Larke  send  us  the 
following  :  — 

"The  Secretary  of  the  'Royal  Commission  on  the 
Depression  of  Trade  and  Industry '  has  jnlimated  to 
Messrs.  Smith  &  Larke,  oI  Asliford  Nursery,  Itiat  he 
will  be  happy  to  lay  before  the  Royal  Commission  any 
information  relating  to  the  nursery  trade  which  they 
think  may  be  useful.  Ttiat  firm  will,  therefore,  be  pleased 
to  receive  any  suggestions  for  improving  the  present 
state  of  the  trade.  All  communications  on  the  subject 
should  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  S.mith  &  Larke,  at 
their  London  house,  14,  High  Street,  Kensington,  W." 

Who,  Where,  What?— One  of  our  Con- 
tinental colleagues,  speaking  of  an  Orchid,  says  that 
it  flowered  "Chez  Enil  et  Derby  a  Knowosby."  Can  it 
he  the  Earl  of  Derby,  of  Knowsley,  who  is  intended  ? 

National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  — 

The  autumn  general  meeting  of  this  Society  will  be 
held  on  Monday  evening,  October  19,  at  the  "Old 
Four  Swans,"  S3,  Bishopsgate  Street  Within,  Cily. 
The  President,  E.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  will  take  the 
chair  at  half-past  7  o'clock  precisely. 

Thladiantha  DuniA, — Mr.   Lynch  sends 

us  from  t  !e  Cambridge  Botanic  Garden  a  fruit  of  this 
curious  yellow-flowered  Cucurbit.  The  fruit  is  very 
ornamental,  2 J  inches  long  by  l\  inch  broad,  elliptical, 
pointed  at  both  ends,  thinly  covered  with  short  rough 
hairs,  and  deep  crimson  in  colour.  At  the  top  of  the 
fruit  are  the  remains  of  the  perianth. 

■  AgkiHorticultural  Society  of  India. 

— At  the  ordinary  general  meeting,  held  on  V.'ednes- 
day,  August  2S,  Captain  J.  F.  Pogson  forwarded, 
as  a  curiosity,  a  hood  made  from  the  leaves  of  the 
Maue  Dhun  creeper  (Bauhinia  Vahlii).  It  forms  an 
excellent  protection  from  rain  for  coolies,  and  lasts 
out  a  rainy  season  ;  its  price  was  four  annas,  and  the 
hood  is  much  worn.  Mr.  A.  C.  Blechvndon,  of 
Doomra  Factory,  Sitamarhi,  sent  an  exceptionally 
large   specimen   of  the  Jack   fruit,   one   of    a    pair 


brought  to  him  on  account  of  their  unusual  size.  The 
larger  of  the  two  was  3  feet  in  length,  3  feet  5  inches 
in  girth  at  the  thickest  part,  and  2  feet  10  inches  at 
the  thinnest,  and  weighed  over  60  lb.  The  seed  has 
been  sown  in  the  Society's  garden,  and  the  plants  will 
be  preserved, 

Lord  Sudelev  on   Small   Holdings. — 

At  a  meeiing  lately  held  at  Tregynon,  on  Lord 
Sudeley's  Montgomeryshire  estale,  it  was  resolved 
to  forward  a  petition  to  his  lordship,  asking  him 
"that  all  industrious  and  thrifty  persons  on  the 
Gregynnog  estate  may  have  suf'.cient  land  allotted  to 
them  10  enable  them  to  keep  a  cow,  and  that  the  number 
of  small  farms  should  be  increased."  The  following 
reply  from  Lord  Sudeley  has  been  received  by  Mr. 
BOWEN,  chairman  of  the  meeting  :— 

"Toddinglon,  Winchcombe,  Cheltenham,  Oct.  2. 

"  Dear  Sir,— 1  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a 
petition  drawn  up  at  a  meeting  at  which  you  were  the 
chairman,  praying  that  all  industrious  and  thrifty  persons 
on  the  Gregynnog  estate  may  have  sufficient  land 
allotted  to  them  ,to  enable  them  to  keep  a  cow,  and 
that  the  number  of  small  farms  should  be  increased. 
Vou  are  probably  not  aware  that  on  the  Gregynnog 
estate  the  proportion  of  small  farms  is  fully  maintained, 
that  there  are  at  present  no  less  than  seventy-six  small 
holdings  under  45  acres,  and  that  of  these  fifty  range 
from  2  to  II  acres,  so  that  ample  scope  is  given  to  the 
smaller  tenantry  to  gradually  rise  to  larger-sized  farms. 
It  is,  however,  perfectly  true  that  there  are  still  several 
cottages  which  have  little  or  no  land  attached.  At 
Toddington,  on  my  Gloucestershire  property,  all  the  cot- 
tages (numbering  about  150)  have  gardens  of  a  quarter 
of  an  acre  attached,  and  an  extra  quarter  of  an  acre 
can  always  be  obtained  if  desired.  Phis  principle  of 
granting  in  arable  districts  a  quarter  or  half  an  acre,  or 
instead,  where  there  is  pasture  available,  land  under  proper 
conditions  sufficient  to  enable  cottagers  to  keep  a  cow, 
is  one  which  I  have  always  been  much  in  favour  of,  and  I 
am  extremely  glad  to  see  that  there  is  a  wish  to  have 
this  -System  more  fully  carried  out.  It  is  not  of  course 
possible  in  every  case  to  give  sufficient  pasture  to  keep  a 
cow,  as  due  regard  must  be  paid  to  the  coniiiij.ons  and 
requirements  of  neighbouring  farffi;  ;  but  so  far  as  I  am 
concerned  I  can  only  siy  thr  should  be  extremely 
pleased  to  see  no  exception  to"'  ,.  rule,  and  in  all  cases 
where  it  is  wished,  industriaus  and  thrifty  persons  in 
cottages  on  the  Grgynnog  estate  possessed  either  of  half 
an  acre  of  garden  land,  or,  whe-re  possible  in  pasture 
districts  and  where  the  tenant  has  sufficient  capital,  land 
enough  to  keep  a  cow.  It  will  bu  clearly  quite  impos- 
sible to  extend  this  system  hurriedly,  but  every  considera- 
tion will  be  given  to  carry  it  out  fuUy  as'soon  as  practi. 
cable. — Yours  faithfully,  \  "  SuDELEY. 

"  Mr.  BowEN." 

Is  a  Tenant's  Greenhouse  a  Building  ? 

— The  following  letter  has  been  sent  us  for  publica- 
tion, and  in  view  of  its  great  impoitance  we  solicit 
the  opinions  of  our  readers  :  — 

"  On  Wednesday,  September  30,  ,'I  Mr.  A.  Dent, 
horticultural  builder]  was  summoned  by  Mr.  Elking- 
ton,  district  surveyor  of  Penge,  to  appear  at  Lambeth 
Police  Court,  on  a  charge  of  erecting  a  greenhouse, 
12  feet  by  8  feet,  in  the  district  of  Penge,  without  having 
given  the  notice  required  under  the  Buildings  Act. 

"  I  contended  that  this  greenhouse  was  a  tenant's 
fixture,  and  did  not  come  under  the  Act.  being  made 
portable  in  every  respects  boarded  up  to  sill  of  sashes  ; 
standing  on,  but  not  fixed  to  another  sill  or  frame  at 
bottom,  formed  of  7  by  i\  inch  deal. 

"  I  was  advised  to  have  wheels  put  on  this  greenhouse, 
to  save  being  compelled  to  comply  with  the  Act,  which 
states  that  all  buildings  shall  have  9-inch  brick  walls, 
with  proper  footings  and  concrete  foundations,  which,  of 
course,  I  could  not  carry  out,  being  only  a  tenant's  fix- 
ture. Accordingly  I  had  four  wheels  put  on  the  bottom 
frame,  so  that  the  whole  could  be  moved  in  one  if  neces- 
sary, or  taken  apart,  and  stowed  away  in  a  shed  if 
required. 

"  The  result  was  that  Mr.  Chance  (magistrate) 
decided  that  this  greenhouse,  although  not  connected 
-with  the  ground  either  by  posts  driven  in,  or  by  brick- 
work under,  but  only  laid  on  top  of  the  earth,  was  a 
building  within  the  .Xct,  and  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that 
even  Cucumber  frames  were  not  exempt. 

"  Now,  sir,  I  report  this  case  to  you.  feeling  that  it  is 
a  matter  not  to  be  trifled  with,  but  should  be  dealt  with 
promptly  and  decisively,  and  in  the  interests  of  flower 
growers  generally  I  take  the  liberty  of  asking  you  to  give 
this  matter  all  the  publicity  possible. 

"  Having  seen  the  uncerLainty  which  existed  among 
tenants  and  the  gardening  papers  generally,  I  toolv  the 
precaution  of  employing  a  first-class  solicitor  to  defend 
the  case,  thus  incurring  considerable  expense,  the  case 
being  adjourned  and  having  to  reappear  on  Saturday  ; 


October  17,  I'iSs.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


499 


but  it  was  all  no  use.  I  was  fined  a  nominal  fine  of  51. 
and  the  cost  of  the  summons,  with,  of  course,  the  pti\i- 
lege  of  appeal. 

"  Now  this  appeal  will  be  of  no  use  to  me,  but  if  your 
readers  feel  sufficient  interest  in  the  cause  of  tenants' 
rights,  as  to  having  a  greenhouse  of  their  own,  and  will 
offer  some  assist.ince  towards  the  cost  of  an  appeal 
asuinst  this  decision,  I  am  quite  willing  to  join  in  the 
expense  and  allow  my  case  to  be  used  as  a  test  case,  in 
the  interests  of  tenants  and  flower  growers  generally. 

"  Should  you  deem  this  worthy  of  insertion,  those  of 
y:)ur  readers  who  wish  to  help  in  this  important  matter 
may  forward  their  names,  addresses,  and  amount  they 
promise  to  contribute,  to  B.^siL  E.  GKCliNFlELD,  Esq., 
solicitor,  17,  Katharine  .Street,  Croydon,  and  they  will 
receive  an  acknowledgment  in  the  paper  they  choose  to 
name. 

"  In  writing  please  write  the  word  'appeal'  on  out- 
side of  envelope." 

CuRYSANTiiiiMUM    SHOWS.  —  The    Royal 

Horticultural  .Society  of  Southampton  will  hold  a 
show  on  November  3  and  4,  when  liberal  prizes  will 
be  awarded  in  leading  classes.  —  Highgate,  Finchley, 
and  Hornsey  will  hold  a  show  for  the  same  flower, 
and  for  fruits  and  vegetables  on  November  5  and  6, 
when  nearly  ^^70,  with  Medals  and  Certificates  from 
the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  will  be  awarded, 
— The  second  exhibition  of  the  flower  will  be  held  in 
Huddersfield  on  November  13  and  14  ;  and  Stoke 
Newington  will  have  its  Chrysanthemum  annual  show 
on  November  9  and  10. 

Hackney  Microscoimcai,  and  Natural 

History  Society. — The  Council  have  arranged  for 
a  Fungus  foray  to  take  place  in  Epping  Forest,  on 
October  24.  The  trains  will  leave  Liverpool  Street 
Station  at  10.9  A.M.  for  Chingford,  and  2.10  p, .M.  for 
Loughlon.  The  route  will  be  through  the  Green 
Ride  and  High  Beach  to  the  "  Robin  Hood  "  by  the 
early  train,  where  the  afternoon  party  from  Loughlon 
can  join  at  from  3  15  to  3.45  p.m.  The  President 
(Dr.  RL  C.  Cooke,  F.LS),  Worthincton  G, 
Smith,  F.L.S.,  Mr.  J.  English,  Dr.  H.  L. 
WHAH.TOS,  F.L.S.,  E.  M.  Holmes,  Rev.  J. 
McCrombie,  and  Geo.  Massee,  are  expected  to 
give  their  valuable  assistance  on  this  occasion.  Mr. 
CoLLis  Willmott,  F.R  M.S.,  of  The  Triangle, 
Hackney,  is  the  Hon.  Secretary, 

Le  Jardin   .\lpi,n    d'Acclimatation   de 

GenSve,  —  The  following  is  from  M.  CORRE- 
VON  :  — 

"  Permeltez  moi  de  remercier  par  I'organe  de  votre 
estimable  journal  les  personnes  qui  ont  repondu  .a  votre 
articles  du  11  Juillet,  passt^  relatifs  a  la  question  de 
la  protection  des  plantes  Alpines  et  de  notre  Jardin  .Mpin. 
Bien  des  personnes  in 'ont  ecrit  a  ce  sujet,  et  je  leur  ai 
gen^ralement  lepondu  p:ir  I'envoi  de  notre  bulletin  et  de 
nos  comptes-rendus.  |e  pense  toute-fois  qu'il  est  ncces- 
saire  que  je  fasse  connaitre  ce  fait — c'est  que  le  jardin 
d'acclimatation  que  nous  avons  fonde,  et  qui  est  encore  de 
cremation  fort  rccenie,  a  deja  rendu  d'utiles  services  a  la 
cause  que  nous  defendons.  Un  grand  nombre  d'aina- 
teurs  de  plantes,  qui  les  eussent  autrefois  arrachees  dans 
les  montagnes,  se  sont  adresscs  au  jardin  pour  avoir 
des  plantes  clevees  de  semis  chez  nous.  C'est  la  que 
nous  eslimons  qui  doivent  se  porter  nos  efforts,  et 
c'est  a  aider,  a  secourir  le  Jardin  Alpin  de  Geneve, 
en  devcnant  actionnaires  ou  en  souscrivant  a  la  liste  des 
donateurs,  que  sont  invites  tous  les  amis  de  cette  belle 
cause.  La  (lore  alpine,  acclimatee  dans  les  jardins,  offre 
beaucoup  d'attraits,  et  le  peuple  Anglais,  micux  que  tout 
autre,  salt  I'apprecier.  Notre  jardin  s'efforcera  aussi  de 
developper  cette  science  d'acclimatation  et  de  rc^pandre  la 
connaissance  de  ces  cultures.  Notre  it.iblissement,  bien 
qu'cncore  dans  I'enfance,  a  re9u  cette  annee  la  visile  d'un 
grand  nombre  d'etrangers,  qui  nous  ont  lemoignc  leur 
satisfaction  pour  ce  que  nous  avons  dcj.'i  obtenu.  Nous 
esperons  ainsi  faire  connaitre  et  apprecier  la  flore  de  nos 
montagnes  tout  en  empOchant  sa  destruction.  Jusqu'  k 
prt^sent  nous  avons  acclimate  le  plus  grand  nombre  d'entre 
ces  plantes  p.ir  le  moyen  du  semis. 

"  Recevez,  Monsieur  le  Kddacteur,  I'assurance  de  notre 
entier  ddvoiinient. 

"  Le  Secretaire,  H.  CoRREVON,  Directeur  du  Jardin. 

"  N.B. — I-es  dons  et  les  demandes  d'actions  doivent 
6tre  adress^es  au  Jardin  Alpin  d'Acclimatation  de 
Geneve." 

Gardening    Appointment.  —  Mr.  Geo. 

Martin,  late  Foreman  at  The  Gardens,  Danesbury, 
WcVwyn,  Herts,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener 
to  J.  S.  Crawley,  E:q.,  Hockwood  Park,  Luton, 
Beds. 


PEARS. 

The  photographs  from  which  the  engravings  on 
p.  496  were  taken  were  prepared  some  years  ago. 
The  large  tree  on  the  left  of  fig.  loS  is  a  Passe  Col- 
mar,  the  next  Glout  Mot^eau,  and  the  next  Beurti; 
Diel.  The  Passe  Colmir  has  never  been  very  fruitful, 
the  fruit  always  following  the  young  wood  at  the 
extreme  ends  of  the  horizontal  branches.  No  matter 
how  the  spurs  were  managed  the  greater  portion  of  the 
surface  of  the  tree  ran  10  breastwood.  The  tree  is 
now  undergoing  a  process  of  grafting  with  selected 
sorts  ;  the  experiment  so  far  bids  fair  to  be  a  success- 
ful one.  Glout  Mor<,:auand  Beurie  Diel  crop  very 
satisfactoril}'.  The  latter  is  not  particularly  deserving 
of  a  wall,  but  one  does  not  like  removing  a  tree,  as 
vacant  spajps  on  walls  look  so  bad.  With  these 
trees  the  wall  space  is  now  well  filled  up. 

The  Peat  on  fig.  109  is  a  Marie  Louise.  It  has 
been  a  prolific  bearer  of  handsome  fruit  for  many 
years,  but  I  think  I  must  admit  the  crop  this  year 
to  be  the  best  I  have  ever  known  upon  it.  It  fruits 
generally  all  over  the  tree.  The  greater  portion  of 
one  side  of  the  tree  derives  a  considerable  amount 
of  beneficial  warmth  from  the  bothy  chimney,  against 
which,  as  may  be  observed,  it  is  trained.  The 
loosely  trained  tree  in  the  corner  is  a  Castle  Kennedy 
Fig,  now  replaced  by  a  Cherry.  The  old  man  close 
by,  whose  height  is  5  feet  8  inches,  will  give  some 
idea  of  the  height  of  those  buildings. 

We  have  another  long  Pear  wall  similarly  trained, 
having  a  south-east  aspect,  some  of  the  varieties  on 
which  are  Beurie  Ranee,  Williams'  B-in  Chreiien, 
Marie  Louise,  Thompson's,  Forelle  or  Trout  Pear, 
Easter  Beurre,  Glout  MoT(;:au,  Winter  Neli;,  Van 
Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc,  Victoria,  Beuriu  Lingelier, 
Brown  Beur'd,  -Beurtc  dWrnanlis,  Louise  B:)nne  of 
Jersey,  Jargonelle,  &c.  These  are  this  year  a  more 
or  less  excellent  crop.  Same  of  these  were  also  more 
or  less  addicted  to  fruiting  at  the  extreme  ends,  and 
with  a  view  to  obviate  this,  seeing  that  the  yearly 
cutting  away  of  the  breastwood  did  not  produce  on 
the  spurs  fruit-bearing  buds,  but  only  another  forma- 
tion of  wood-buds  again  to  be  cut  away,  I  cut  away 
every  alternate  horizontal  branch,  and  laid  in  lateral 
shoots  close  to  the  wall,  precisely  like  that  known  as 
the  Seymour  system  of  Peach  training.  My  object 
in  doing  this  was  in  the  hope  that  at  the  base  of  these 
shoots  fruitful  buds  would  form  and  give  fruits  such 
as  we  generally  have  it  always,  at  the  extreme  ends 
of  the  horizontal  branches.  The  result  of  my  expe- 
riment has  this  year  turned  out  a  very  happy  and  bene- 
ficial one,  for  on  several  of  the  trees  these  lateral  shoots 
have  been  well  loaded  wiih  fruit  — producing  a  pleasing 
appearance  as  compared  to  having  fruit  only  at  the 
extreme  ends  of  the  branch's.  Of  course  it  may  be 
argued  that  these  lateral  shoots  may  also  become 
barren,  like  the  others,  when  they  become  old  and 
the  knife  has  to  be  applied.  The  remedy  for  this  will 
be  simply  to  cut  out  these  old  laterals  and  train  in 
young  ones.  It  is,  however,  satisfactory  to  know 
that  our  effort  in  producing  fruitfulness  has  been  so  far 
successful.  My  experiment  has  been  closely  watched 
and  freely  criticised  by  practical  neighbours,  and  their 
coming  this  year  and  seeing  a  fair  crop  of  fruit  on 
these  laterals  was  rather  convincing  proof  of  the 
success  of  the  experiment. 

I  have  no  particular  faith  in  root-pruning  trees  on 
walls  with  a  view  to  produce  fruitfulness.  Fruitfulness 
is  produced  by  this  method  at  the  expense  of  the 
health  of  the  trees.  Rather,  I  should  advise  en- 
couraging a  vigorous  groA'th  until  the  wall  is  covered, 
and  then  if  fruitfulness  does  not  follow  some  gentle 
means  of  producing  it  might  be  tried.  iV,  Miller, 
Cooiiibe  Abbey  Gardens,  War'Mukshire. 


GATHERING    AND    STORING 
FRUIT. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  store  fruit  in  a 
clean  and  perfectly  sweet  place  ;  a  fruit-room  should 
be  as  sweet  as  a  dairy.  The  principles  to  be  kept  in 
view  in  the  construction  of  a  fruit-room  are  darkness 
and  dryness  to  a  certain  extent,  and  a  low  and  steady 
temperature  of  40"  to  45'.  Light  is  not  essential. 
Fruit,  while  growing  on  the  tree,  is  perpetually  sup- 
plied by  the  stem  with  water  sufficient  to  replace 
what  is  given  off  by  its  surface.  As  soon  as  the  fruit 
is  gathered  the  source  of  supply  is  removed,  then 
with  the  action  of  light  upon  it  the  fruit  loses  weight, 
without  being  able  to  replace  its  loss.  It  is  thus  that 
fruit  becomes  shrivelled  and  withered  prematurely. 
L'ght,  therefore,  is  not  essential  to  a  good  fruit-room. 
It  is,  however,  advisable  to  have  some  windows, 
which  should  be  kept  darkened,  except  when  storing 


the  fruit  or  for  the  necessary  inspections  of  the  fruit, 
which  should  be  frequent,  and  for  the  greater  facility 
for  selecting  the  ripest  and  best  specimens.  The  air 
should  be  kept  moderately  dry,  but  ventilation  should 
not  be  used  except  for  the  purpose  of  getting  rid  of 
olTinsive  smells  arising  from  decayed  fruit. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  in  gathering,  handling, 
and  storing  the  fruit,  placing  each  kind  by  itself  and 
keeping  wall  fruit  apart  from  standard  fruit.  Gather 
the  fruit  in  baskets  lined  with  hay,  and  place  them  on 
the  shelves  side  by  side,  with  the  eyes  downwards. 
No  fruit  ought  to  be  beaten  down  from  or  shaken  off 
th:  trees,  all  should  be  carefully  plucked  and  put  into 
the  basket,  not  thrown  or  tumbled  in  ;  they  should 
be  then  taken  carefully  to  the  fruit-room  and 
placed  carefully  on  the  shelves.  Those  kinds  that  are 
plentiful  may  be  placed  three  or  four  deep  on  the 
shelves. 

Early  Apples  are,  as  a  rule,  softer  in  texture  than 
the  late  keeping  sorts,  and  on  that  account  special 
care  should  be  taken  in  handling  them.  If  roughly 
thrown  into  baskets  or  emptied  therefrom  they  are 
seriously  damaged  by  being  bruised  ;  the  contusions 
may  not  show  immediately,  but  in  the  course  of  a  few 
days  the  fruit  will  be  unsightly  and  the  reverse  of 
acceptable,  and  it  will  speedily  decay. 

Some  persons  do  not  know  when  fruit  is  sufficiently 
ripe  to  gather.  The  first  symptom  of  ripening  is  a  slight 
change  in  colour,  followed  immediately  by  the  falling 
of  several  ok  the  specimens.  When  this  occurs  the 
crops  should  be  examined,  by  gently  lifiing  a  few  .fruit. 
If  matured  they  will  separate  from  the  trees,  and  fall 
into  the  hand  without  any  twisting  of  the  stalk  what- 
ev.T  J  if  they  cannot  be  taken  without  breaking  the 
stalk,  they  are  not  ready  for  gathering.  When  early 
Apples  and  Pears  are  allowed  to  hang  on  the  trees 
after  becoming  quite  ripe,  the  fruits  are  apt  to  turn 
m;aly  in  texture.  It  is  seldom  that  the  whole  of  the 
fruit  on  a  tree  ripen,  exactly  at  the  same  time.  This 
is  often  an  advantage,  as  by  gathering  a  few  two  or 
three  times  a  week,  the  produce  of  one  tree — it  may 
be  a  favourite  Pear — is  usable  over  a  longer  period 
than  would  be  possible  if  all  were  secured  at  once. 
Those  who  have  small  trees  containing  choice  fruits 
in  the  garden  can,  and  should,  gather  the  crops 
periodically.  They  will  find  the  period  of  their  use,  of 
pirticular  kinds,  that  are  often,  if  not  invariably,  over 
to^  soon,  materially  prolonged.  Lite  fruit  of  all 
kinds  should  be  put  in  place  in  the  fruit-room,  from 
whence  they  need  not  be  removed  until  wanted. 
Early  fruit  should  be  placed  where  they  can  be  taken 
from  when  wanted.  When  the  fruit  is  all  gathered 
the  house  should  be  cleaned,  the  atmosphere  should 
be  kept  as  uni.''orm  as  possible,  the  temperature  not 
lower  than  40^  nor  higher  than  45°  if  possible.  A 
few  nice  dessert  Pears  and  Apples  should  during  the 
autumn  be  put  periodically  into  a  warm  house  to 
ripen.  Avoid  handling  fruit  much,  the  less  they  are 
moved  about  the  nicer  they  look  when  ripe,  1\I.  Saul, 
J/oli^ate,   Yoi  k. 


GARDEN    PEARS. 

TlIF.IR  name  is  legion,  and  a  sourje  of  perplexity 
to  the  grower  of  trees,  but  to  ensure  a  regular  supply 
a  much  larger  number  of  kinds  is  necessary  than 
would  be  the  case  if  we  had  sorts  which  could  be 
depended  on  for  a  certain  supply  ;  the  spring  frosts 
are  the  great  bane  of  Pears,  and,  curious  to  say, 
those  having  pendent  flowers  seem  no  better  pro- 
tected by  the  corolla  than  the  upright  bloomers. 

The  introduction  of  the  Qaince  stock  has  in  the 
last  thirty  years  revolutionised  the  growth  of  Pears, 
and  except  in  soils  where  they  do  not  succeed  (which 
are  few)  garden  trees  on  free  stocks  are  seldom  planted. 
•'Plant  Pears  for  your  heirs"  is  no  longer  a  safe 
proverb,  being  ousted  by  "  Fruit  the  first  year  "  under 
the  modern  system.  It  is  the  opinion  of  many  that 
the  praise  of  cordons  has  been  over-blatant,  and  in 
many  cases  this  is  so.  They  are  to  be  recommended 
where  a  variety  is  wanted  in  a  small  space  or  to  cover 
vacant  walls  quickly,  and  perhaps  for  villa  gardens  ; 
but  the  most  serviceable  tree  for  general  wall  or 
espalier  planting  are  trained  trees  on  Quince, 
and  for  choice  the  candelabra  style  of  training  ;  such 
can  be  seen  in  per.'eciion  at  Barham  Court,  and  Mr. 
Haycock,  the  champion  grower,  considers  the  fruit 
from  open  trees  as  large  and  of  better  flavour  than 
from  a  wall.  The  culture  of  Pears  on  the  free  stock 
as  pyramids  or  other  garden  trees  generally  results  in 
a  luxuriant  growth  of  foliage  and  shoots,  with  the 


500 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  1885. 


minimum  of  fruit,  because  the  demands  on  the  garden 
staff  will  not  admit  of  root-pruning,  which  must  be 
regularly  carried  out.  A  successful  example  of  this 
operation  was  mentioned  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronii:le  as 
performed  by  Mr.  Smith,  of  Kenward  Gardens, 
Valding,  and  whose  trees  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
in  full  regular  tearing.  On  the  Quince  stock  this 
work  is  much  facilitated,  as  the  roots  are  mostly 
those  called  fruit  fibres,  in  opposition  to  growth 
producers.  After  two  or  three  vigorous  root-prunings, 
such  trees  (as  an  amateur  whose  trees  are  the  best  in 
England,  and  who  has  had  them  under  his  care  from 
infancy,  says)  are  conquered,  and  when  once  they  get 
into  a  fertile  state  they  bear  so  freely  that  exuberant 
growth  is  checked,  in  fact,  the  tree  is  a  scientific 
success,  the  proper  balance  having  been  found 
between  root  power  and  fruit  produce.  When  fruit  is 
set  the  fruits  should  be  thinned  out,  leaving  only  those 
exposed  to  the  sun  and  in  the  best  positions,  and  if 
ihe  crop  is  a  heavy  one,  mulching  maybe  carried  out, 
but  never  without  a  crop,  as  unfertility  will  only  be 
encouraged. 

It  is  lamentable  to  see  in  many  old  walled  gardens 
perfect  forests  of  breastwood  with  onlya  few  fruit  on  the 
ends  of  branches.  Here  judicious  root-pruning  would 
be  well  repaid,  but  if  the  sort  is  obsolete  the  trees  can 


f^OME     pORREgPONDENCE. 


Satyrium  carneum. — Mr.  Webster  asks  (p.  470) 
concerning  the  soil  that  is  best  suited  for  the  culti- 
vation of  this  plant.  In  its  native  country  it  grows 
in  moist  sandy  soil  a  few  miles  inland  from  Cape 
Town,  and  apparently  not  ascending  above  1000 
feet  on  Ihe  mountains,  so  that  it  is  perhaps  a  little 
more  tender  than  some  of  the  species.  The  soil 
seems  to  consist  of  about  three'parts  silver-sand  and 
one  part  black  vegetable  loam.  For  further  informa- 
tion Mr.  Webster  may  refer  to  what  I  have  quoted 
from  a  note  of  Sir  John  Herschell's  on  p.  403  of  this 
volume.  A^.  E.  Browit. 

Covent  Garden  Prices.— Under  the  heading 
of  "  Country  Growers  and  Town  Salesmen,"  which 
appeared  in  your  columns  Sept.  26,  p.  40S,  "C," 
in  a  lengthy  article,  aired  a  fancied  grievance  before 
the  public.  The  article  in  question,  though  giving 
no  name,  points  so  directly  to  us,  that  we  feel  com- 
pelled to  take  up  the  matter  on  behalf  of  ourselves 
and  other  salesmen  whose  lot  it  is  to  be  brought  into 
contact  with  small  and  unsatisfactory  growers.     On 


bear  out  his  views.  Should  the  supposed  market 
prices  quoted  in  many  papers  by  any  fortunate  and 
unforeseen  circumstances  prove  to  be  correct  these 
prices,  as  a  rule,  apply  to  the  best  produce  in  the 
market,  grown  and  packed  by  practical  growers. 
The  private  grower  may  imagine,  no  doubt,  that  bis 
goods  are  quite  equal  to  any  grown  by  professionals, 
and  markets  them  with  the  expectation  that  he  will 
get  the  same  value  for  them  ;  failing  to  do  so  he 
makes  no  allowance  for  his  own  want  of  knowledge 
as  regards  growing  and  packing,  and  casts  the  blame 
upon  the  head  of   the  salesman.  Sqttdch  &=  Barn' 


Chrysanthemum  G.Wermig.—Thesmallflowers 
sent  are  of  the  fine  sport  from  Mad.  Dasgrange  grown 
out-of-doors.  It  grows  to  6  inches  in  diameter,  and 
has  been  blooming  with  me  since  the  middle  of 
August,  going  through  the  frosts  well.  I  find  it  do 
very  well  as  a  late  one,  too,  if  you  take  the  cuttings  in 
June,  in  fact  I  had  some  as  late  as  January  last  year, 
which  it  is  of  importance  to  know,  as  there  is  scarcely 
one,  even  amongst  the  late  ones,  which  can  beat  it  in 
colour  and  elegant  form,  and  certainly  not  in  its 
abundant  flowering.  All  the  plants,  and  I  have 
nearly    10,000   of    them,    are    literally   one  mass   of 


Fig.      III.  —   BEURRE     CLAUGEAU  :     PYRAMID      ON 
QUINCE  FOUR  YEARS  OLD  :   FROM  A  PHOTOGRAPH. 


Fig.  112.— liEURRi;  clairgkau  :  horizontal  espalier  ov  (juince  four  years  old  :  fkom  a  photo- 
graph,    (see  p.  499  ) 


readily  be  grafted  with  better  sorts,  and  in  two  years 
will  commence  to  bear.  Much  of  this  excess  of  wood 
growth  is  owing  to  the  constant  manuring  necessary 
for  the  crops  grown  on  the  fruit  borders,  and  the 
frequent  disturbance  of  theroots.  It  should  be  as  a  law 
of  the  Medes  that  no  fruit-tree  border  should  ever  be 
dug  within  3  feet  of  the  wall  or  6  feet  of  espalier  tree 
stems.  These  few  remarks  would  scarcely  be  com- 
plete without  a  list  of  the  best  twenty-five  kinds  for 
general  garden  culture  (see  pp.  502,  503),  and  as  a 
rule,  where  the  later  and  slowly  ripening  sorts  succeed, 
it  is  preferable  to  plant  duplicate  trees,  than  to  increase 
the  number  of  varieties.   G.  B. 


St.  Ambroise  Apricot.— This  is  a  large  un- 
evenly-shaped variety,  well  worthy  o(  being  more 
planted.  It  seems  to  form  a  hardy  tree,  and 
can  generally  be  depended  upon  in  most  sea- 
sons to  produce  a  goodly  number  of  high- 
coloured  fruit.  Mr.  Webster,  of  the  Gordon  Castle 
gardens,  manages  his  Apricot  wall  extremely  well. 
He  is  an  advocate  of  constant  root-lifting,  and 
prefers  seedling  trees.  One  of  his  trees,  a  seedling 
from  Moor  Park,  and  identical  with  the  parent, 
extends  along  the  wall  for  24  feet,  with  never  a  sign 
of  decay.  It  would  be  valuable  information  if  some 
of  your  correspondents  were  to  give  their  experiences 
of  not  only  seedling  Apricots,  but  also  Peaches. 
C.  A.  M.  C. 


July  23  a  consignment  ol  13  dozen  Artichokes 
was  received  from  "C,"  wiiom  we  assume  to  be  the 
same  as  your  correspondent.  These  were  a  small 
bluish  Artichoke,  about  the  size  of  the  proverbial 
Thistle,  and  as  valuable.  At  that  time  the  finest 
green  Artichokes  were  selling  at  9/.  to  Ii\  per  dozen 
(wholesale),  and  only  limited  quantities  could  be  sold 
at  those  prices.  To  our  knowledge  plenty  were  uncut 
by  large  growers,  as  they  would  not  repay  the  trouble 
of  marketing.  Other  salesmen  whom  we  could  mention 
were  also  throwing  away  quantities,  not  being  able  to 
sell  them  ;  consequently,  we  could  not  dispose  of  such 
an  extremely  inditVerent  sample  as  we  received,  and 
after  offering  them  for  sale  for  a  few  days,  they  were 
at  last  thrown  away.  Our  sender  was  informed  of 
the  fact  as  soon  as  we  saw  there  was  no  possibility  of 
etTecting  a  sale,  and  though  "C. "  states  that  he 
received  no  information  respecting  them  for  six 
weeks  after  their  dispatch,  we  distinctly  affirm  that  a 
return  note  marked  "worthless"  was  sent  after  a 
lapse  of  a  few  days.  "  C.'s  "  insinuation  respecting 
the  extent  of  our  business  is  illtimed,  seeking,  as  it 
does,  to  cast  aspersion  upon  the  abilities  of  salesmen 
whose  fault  consists  in  not  being  able  to  realise  paper 
prices  for  goods  that  might  justly  be  termed  rubbish. 
"  C."  no  doubt  will  resent  having  his  goods  indicted 
in  such  terms,  for  too  often  does  the  private  grower 
think  his  geese  swans,  and  is  only  too  ready  to  be- 
spatter the  salesman  when  the  prices  realised  do  not 


flowers,  and  the  sale  in  Covent  Garden  Market  has 
been  better  than  any  other  variety.  G,  IVennig. 
[Handsome  yellow  flowers  of  an  early  kind,  very  free 
in  blooming — an  acquisition.   Ed.] 

Annual  Chrysanthemums.  —  I  enclose  a  few 
flowers  of  the  annual  Chrysanthemum  for  your  in- 
spection. I  find  them  free  bloomers,  very  useful  to 
cut  from,  and  keep  a  remarkable  time  in  water  after 
cut.  In  addition  to  the  above  they  have  just  stood 
three  consecutive  nights  of  frost— 7^  each  night — 
almost  unhurt.  At  dawn  this  morning  it  was  25° 
warmer  than  yesterday  at  the  same  time.  J. 
Shrimpton^  Aston  Clinton.  [Showy  useful  border 
flowers,  some  of  which  had  discs  of  yellow,  whilst  the 
rays  were  either  some  other  shade  of  yellow  or  white. 
Some  others  were  quite  double  and  full.   Ed  ] 

Larkspurs.— I  presume  that  it  would  be  difficult 
to  say  that  our  cultivated  Delphiniums  have  sprung 
from  any  one  species.  One  of  the  oldest  is,  no  doubt, 
the  Siberian  D.  elatum,  which  was  introduced  nearly 
300 years  ago.  This  is  the  well-known  Bee  Larkspur. 
But  is  it  a  native  of  Siberia,  or  did  it  find  its  way 
there  from  the  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina, 
and  then  to  Britain  ?  By  some  D.  exaltatum  is  con- 
sidered to  be  identical  with  D.  elatum,  but  a  cata- 
logue published  in  1817,  and  considered  to  be  a  very 
reliable  one,  makes  them  to  be  distinct.     Next  to  D. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


501 


elatum  in  point  of  eatliness  of  introduction  came  D. 
intermedium.  These,  with  D.  grandiflorum,  D. 
puniceum,  and  D.  urceolatum,  appear  to  be  the  only 
species  in  cultivation  in  this  country  seventy  years 
ago.  D.  Barlowi  and  D.  Hecdersoni,  which  were  in 
all  probability  seedling  varieties  of  D.  elatum  or  D. 
grandiflorum,  have,  no  doubt,  been  the  remote  pro- 
genitors of  some  of  the  finest  varieties  in  culti- 
vation. Later  in  point  of  time  came  the  large 
blue  D.  formosum,  the  origin  of  which  is,  per- 
haps, not  accurately  known  ;  and  this  fine  form 
appears  to  have  been  the  forerunner  of  many  ol 
our  present  striking  varieties.  They  are  now  very 
numerous,  varied,  and  wonderfully  fine ;  English 
and  foreign  raisers  have  vied  with  each  other  in  the 
production  of  new  forms,  and  every  year  brings  addi- 
tions to  them.  Now  the  varieties  give  flowers  of  many 
shades,  and  especially  of  blue,  from  clear  azure  to 
deep  indigo,  with  pure  white,  pale  lavender,  and 
orange  centres  ;  then  there  are  other  shades,  and 
combinations  of  shades — pink,  rose,  red,  bronze,  and 
blue.  There  are  fully  double,  semi-double,  and  single 
varieties,  and  they  vary  in  the  height  of  growth  from 
2  to  5  feet.     A  good  selection  of  fully  double  flowers 


Maude,  brilliant  blue,  suffused  with  rosy-crimson, 
extra  fine  ;  Mignificum,  blue  and  red  ;  Madame  Chate, 
porcelain-blue  and  bronzy-red,  very  fine  ;  Madame 
Henri  Jacotot,  azure-blie,  tinted  with  rosy-pink, 
distinct  and  very  fine  ;  Nahamah,  dark  blue,  sufiTused 
with  bronzy-oriuison,  Jvery  fine;  Schamyl,  dark  blue, 
very  handsome  ;  and  Wheeleri,  dark  blue,  with 
bronzy-red  centre.  The  foregoing  are  intended  to  be 
suggestive  rather  than  exh.iustive  lists.  The  best  way 
to  enjoy  the  peculiar  beauty  of  the  varieties  of  the 
Delphinium  is  to  plant  a  bed  of  say  two  dozen 
plants  of  distinct  varieties  ;  having  three  lines  to 
the  bed,  the  tallest  plants  down  the  centre, 
the  dwarfest  at  the  sides.  To  do  them  justice,  they 
want  to  be  in  a  good  loam,  enriched  with  decomposed 
manure  an^-  leaves.  The  plants  root  freely  and 
somewhat  deeply,  and  therefore  the  soil  should  be 
trenched  to  a  good  depth,  and  the  dung  mixed  in 
with  it.  Clumps  can  also  be  placed  along  the  back 
of  the  mixed  border,  according  to  the  height  of  the 
variety,  and  they  can  be  used  in  many  other  suitable 
spots.  It  is  always  pleasant  to  find  a  mixed  border 
in  a  kitchen  garden,  and  the  Delphinium  is  always  a 
conspicuous  ornament  in  these,  as  well  as  very  useful 


Fig.     113. — MESSRS.    IlUNYARD'hi    IKril'-ROOM:      WALLS    ML    REED,    ROOF    THATCHED. 


will  be  found  in  the  following  :  —  .\lopecurcides,  rich 
blue  and  brnnzy-red  ;  Amadoe  Hans,  bright  shining 
blue,  with  light  centre,  flowers  very  double  and  well 
formed  ;  Globe,  pale  lavender,  light  centre  ;  Herman 
Stenger,  outer  petals  blue,  centre  petals  rosy-pink, 
extra  double  ;  Hybridum,  rich  blue,  very  fine  ;  La 
Lorraine,  bright  metallic  blue,  fine  and  distinct  ; 
Madame  E.  Geny,  reddish-purple,  tipped  with  blue, 
centre  blue  and  white,  flowers  large  and  fully  double  ; 
Mons.  Rile,  rich  indigo-blue,  with  purple  centre, 
extra  fine  ;  Mons.  Le  Bihan,  double  bluish-lilac, 
white  centre  ;  Prince  of  Wales,  azure-blue,  white 
centre ;  Ranunculasflorum,  rosy-lilac,  the  edges  of 
the  petals  broadly  margined  with  cobalt-blue, 
very  double  and  distinct,  and  a  beautiful  variety  ; 
and  Victor  Lemoine,  blue  with  lighter  centre, 
a  beautiful  variety.  The  semi-double  varieties  in- 
clude Barlowi,  dark  blue  shaded  with  bronzy-red  ; 
Birlowi  versicolor,  dark  blue,  suffused  with  rosy- 
crimson  ;  Etoile,  blue,  white  centre,  very  fine  ;  Ex- 
quisite, brilliant  cobalt-blue,  tinted  with  rosy-lilac, 
extra  fine  ;  Mrs.  James  Helme,  azure-blue  and  rose  ; 
and  Phojnix,  rich  purplish-red  and  bright  violet-blue, 
laxae  and  fine.  A  selection  of  thoroughly  good  single 
varieties  will  be  found  in  the  following  :— Amabilis, 
azure-bluo,  changing  to  rosy-lilac  ;  Beauty  of  Char- 
rone,  rich  blue  ;  Conspicua,  light  blue,  white  and 
orange  eye  ;    Grandis,    light    blue  ;    Gloire   de  St. 


for  cutting  from.  The  scarlet  Delphinium  —  D 
nudicaule — has  a  marked  individuality  of  its  own, 
and  it  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection.  Unlike  the 
other  Delphiniums,  while  doing  well  in  the  same  soil, 
it  forms  corm-Iike  roots,  which  lie  near  the  surface, 
and  during  winter  these  are  apt  to  become  exposed, 
and  so  in  danger  of  being  washed  away  by  heavy 
rains  ;  therefore,  It  is  a  good  plan  to  top-dress  the 
surface  over  the  roots  with  some  soil  during  the 
summer,  and  again  in  the  autumn,  so  that  the  plant 
may  be  preserved  during  the  winter.  Years  ago 
Delphiniums  were  much  more  grown  in  pots  than 
they  are  now.  Good  strong  plants  were  selected,  and 
potted  in  12-inch  pots  in  a  soil  made  up  of  equal  parts 
of  turfy  loam,  coarse  sand,  well-decomposed  manure, 
and  leaf-mould.  This  was  done  in  early  spring,  and 
the  first  shoots  were  cut  back  to  three  or  four  eyes, 
which  broke  strongly  again,  and  any  shoots  thrown 
up  directly  from  the  roots  were  also  stopped,  and  in 
this  way  good  bushy  specimens  were  formed.  The 
plants  were  started  into  growth  in  a  gentle  heat, 
and  then  gradually  hardened  off,  and  brought 
on  into  flower  in  the  open  air.  It  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  mention  that  the  Delphinium  can 
be  propagated  by  division  of  the  roots,  and  also 
by  means  of  cuttings  nnde  of  the  young  growths 
thrown  up  at  the  end  of  the  summer.  The  Delphi- 
nium seeds  freely,  and  it  is  very  interesting  to  raise 


seedlings.  It  is  well  to  sow  the  seed  as  soon  as 
gathered,  as  it  is  found  by  experience  that  if  kept 
lung  it  does  not  germinate  so  freely.  Some  shallow 
wooden  boxes,  drained  with  broken  crocks,  and  some 
mo5S  laid  over  them,  are  well  adapted  for  sowing  the 
seed.  After  being  filled  with  a  good  and  rather  light 
gritty  soil  the  seeds  should  be  scattered  thinly  over 
the  surface,  then  covered  to  the  depth  of  an  eighth  of 
an  inch,  and  the  whole  gently  pressed  down.  Then 
the  boxes  can  be  placed  in  a  cold  frame,  raised  on  in- 
verted flower-pots,  or  stood  on  pieces  of  slate,  to  prevent 
the  worms  working  up  into  them,  and  disturbing  the 
seeds.  Some  patience  is  necessary,  as  it  is  found  the 
seeds  of  some  of  the  sorts  will  not  germinate  until 
nearly  a  year  afterwards.  The  boxes  should  be  kept 
free  of  weeds.and  the  surface  gently  siii icd  occasionally. 
The  annual  Larkspurs  are  not  so  well  appreciated,  or 
so  much  grown,  as  they  deserve  to  be.  The  branching 
Larkspurs  are  doubtless  improved  varieties  of  the 
British  field  Larkspur,  D.  consolida.  They  grow 
somewhat  tall  and  branch  freely,  producing  many 
flowers,  and  there  are  now  several  pretty  varieties. 
The  progenitor  of  the  fine  German  Larkspurs  is,  it  is 
believed,  the  Swiss  D.  Ajacis.  By  means  of  careful 
selection  there  are  now  something  like  five  different 
types  with  their  varieties,  viz  ,  the  Dwarf  Rocket, 
Slnck-flowered  ;  Emperor,  Candelabrum,  and  the 
tall  Hyacinth-flowered.  All  these  are  very  fine,  and 
show  the  resuks  of  many  years'  careful  selection  both 
in  this  country  and  abroad.  Seeds  of  these  can  be 
sown  in  the  open  ground  .in  spring  in  a  good  free  soil, 
and  the  plants  thinned  out,  so  as  to  allow  ample 
space  for  the  development  of  each.  There  is  a  curious 
legend  referring  to  the  origin  of  D.  Ajacis  (Ajax), 
which  is  given  by  Mr.  Folkard  in  his  book  on 
Plant  Lore,  Sic.  "Ajax,  the  son  of  Telamon  and 
Hessione,  was,  next  to  Achilles,  worthily  reputed 
(he  most  valiant  of  all  the  Greeks  of  the  Trojan 
War,  and  engaged  in  single  combat  with  Hector,  the 
intrepid  captain  of  the  Trojan  hosts,  who  was 
subsequently  slain  by  Achilles.  After  the  death  of 
Achilles,  Ajax  and  Ulysses  both  claimed  the  arms 
of  the  deceased  hero.  The  latter  was  awarded  them 
liy  the  (Jreeks,  who  preferred  the  wisdom  and  policy 
of  Ulysses  to  the  courage  of  Ajax.  This  threw  Ajax 
into  such  a  fury,  that  he  slaughtered  a  flock  of  sheep, 
mistaking  them  for  the  sons  of  Atreus  ;  and  then  upon 
perceiving  his  error,  stabbed  himself  with  the  sword 
presented  to  him  by  Hector — the  blood  spurting 
from  his  self-inflicted  death-wound  giving  birth  as  it 
fell  to  the  earth  to  the  purple  Delphinium,  which  bears 
upon  its  petals  the  letters  at  once  the  initials  of  his 
name  and  an  exclamation  of  grief  at  the  loss  of  such 
a  hero."  Those  who  have  eyes  to  see  it  can  read 
upon  the  petals  the  letters  A.  I.  A.,  and  which  the 
botanists  term  Delphinium  Ajacis — truly  a  flower  upon 
which  the  name  of  a  king  is  written.  In  conclusion 
it  seems  superfluous  to  allude  to  the  value  of  the  Del- 
phinium for  cut  purposes  ;  but  now  that  collections  of 
cut  blooms  of  hardy  flowers  figure  in  most  schedules 
of  prizss,  the  Delphinium  is  one  of  the  most  valuable 
and  effective  subjects  that  can  be  grown  for  this  pur- 
pose. But  few  other  hardy  flowers  supply  such  rich 
hues  of  blue  and  violet.  R,  D, 

Disa  macrantha  (D.  crassicornis).  —  I  am 
sorry  Mr.  Eurbidge  should  be  so  offended  with 
me  for  trying  to  answer  his  original  question  as  I 
thought  he  wished  it  answered.  I  understood  that 
he  wished  to  know  the  name  of  the  plant  represented 
in  a  sketch  of  Mr.  Sanderson's  under  the  name  D. 
macrantha,  a  copy  of  which,  made  by  Mr.  Burbidge, 
is  in  the  Kew  herbarium.  I  replied  that  I  believed 
this  drawing  to  represent  D.  crassicornis,  but  that  the 
flowers  were  larger  and  more  highly  coloured  than 
represented  in  that  species  as  grown  here,  but  whether 
the  large  size  and  heightened  colour  of  the  draw- 
ing is  real,  or  due  to  the  imagination  of  the  artist,  I 
could  not  tell.  I  can  now,  after  another  careful 
examination,  only  repeat  that  my  firm  conviction  is 
that  the  drawing  in  question  is  an  inexact  and  pos- 
sibly exaggerated  representation  of  Disa  crassicornis. 
Neither  can  I  do  more  than  repeat  what  I  said  con- 
cerning the  true  D.  macrantha,  Swartz — namely,  that 
up  to  the  present  time  it  is  unknown  what  plant  is 
intended  by  this  name  ;  certainly  it  is  not  the 
plant  represented  by  Mr.  Sanderson's  sketch  ;  and 
the  plant  Mr.  Burbidge  alludes  to  as  being  in  the 
British  Museum,  collected  by  Cooper,  in  Caffraria 
(it  I  am  right  in  supposing  he  means  Cooper, 
No.  1 29 1,  which  was  erroneously  distributed  as 
D.  macrantha),  is  Disa  crassicornis,  Lindl.  N'.  E. 
Brown. 


502 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  1S85. 


Autumn  H..'rg.\iiiot,  t 


NOTES     FROM    THE     PEAR- 
GROWING   DISTRICTS. 

Berks— The  following  vatielies  of  Pears  in  good 
condition,  and  bearing  fine  crops  on  splendid  young 
trees,  were  observed  at  Uenham  I'ark,  Newbury,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Richard  Sutton,  Bart.,  viz  :— Glou  Mor- 
neau,  Beurre  Kince,  lieuric  Diel,  Marie  Louise, 
General  Todtleben,  Pilmaston  Duchess,  Duchesse 
d'Angiulcme,  Winter  Nelis,  Passe  Colmar,  Beurie 
d'Aremberg,  and  others,  some  being  horizontally 
trained,  others  fan-trained— Mr.  Howe,  the  gardener, 
preferring  the  latter  style  of  training,  epecially  for 
those  Pears  having  a  slender  habit  of  growth.   A'. 

Cheshire.— We  now  send  you  a  list  of  the  Pears 
which  seem  to  suit  our  climate  best.  We  may  re- 
mark that  this  is  not  a  very  good  Pear  country  (we 
mean  for  standard  or  orchard),  and  for  some  years 
past  the  crops  have  been  very  poor— nearly  a  failure, 
in  fact  :  — 

;  tree  tiardy.     Pear  or  Quince, 
d'.imaniis,'    excellent  ;    forms  a  grand   pyramid  on 
Q..iiice  or  Peir.  •  ,     „ 

BeurrJ  de  TAswrnplion.  a  very  gnod  early  Pe.ar. 
Baronne  de  jrcllo.  an  excellent  late  autumn  Pear.     Crows 

Beurre  de  Capiaumont,  very  free  and  hardy,  a  nio^t  nseful  Pcir 

Benrrt?  Diet,  very  fine,  but  requires  a  wall  to  do  well. 
Bcurre'  Superfin  :  this  is  one  of  our  best  Pe.rs. 
Citron  des  Cannes  ;  with  us  this  is  an  excellent  early  sort. 
Cointe  de    Lamy,  of  first-class  quality;    tree  hardy,   good 

Jargonelle,  ripens  well  on  standards. 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  perhaps  the  best  Pear  grown  here, 
hardy,  frc;  and  in  every  way  first-rate. 

Marie  Louise,  tree  hardy,  blossom  tender  ;  seldom  produces 
crop  except  on  wdl. 

JIarie  Louise  d'Uccle,  hardy,  free  bearing,  and  excellent  :  a 
most  desirable  Pear. 

Pitinaston  Duchess,  large   and    fine,    but   requires    a   wall 

Seckle,  first-rate,  hardy  and  free  J)earing. 

Suffolk  Thorn  ;  this  is  a  hardy,  free  growing  and  bearing  sort, 
and  well  deserving  a  place. 

.Summer  Doyenne  ;  this  is  a  delic'ous  elrly  Pear,  very  fine  ; 
does  well  on  Quince. 

Swan's  Egg.  tree  very  vigorous,  bears  well  ;  a  useful  Pear. 

Thompson's,  a  tnrdy  tree  growing  sort,  and  of  first-rate  quality. 

Willi.-ims'  Bon  Chriitlen  :  this  is  one  of  our  most  useful  and 
reliable  sorts. 

The  above  we  consider  the  best  twenty  Pears 
grown  in  this  neighbourhood.  There  are  of  course 
many  excellent  Pears  besides  these,  but  some  are 
tender  as  trees,  others  tender  in  blossom,  and  many 
requiting  walls,  which  are  not  worth  extensive  culii- 
vaiion.  The  following  have  done  reasonably  well 
here  :-Dutandeau,  Beurte  Hardy,  Easier  Beurtt;, 
blooms  early,  generally  killed  by  frost  ;  Flemish 
Beauly,  General  Todtlcben,  Glou  Morceau,  bears 
well,  but  does  not  ripen  thoroughly;  Jersey  Gtatioli, 
Bergamotte  d'Esperen,  bears  well,  but  requires  a  wall 
and  a  good  climate.  James  Dickson  ^  Sons,  A't^wlon 
Nursei  ies,  Chcslcy. 

The     following     Pears     succeed      well     on 

Quince,  bear  well,  and  ripen  their  fruit  on  the  open 
quarter  in  this  nursery  : — • 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  Soldat  I.abouriur 

Beurr.!  d'Amanlis  White  Doyenn^ 

Williams'  Bon  Chre'tlen  Citron  des  Carmes 

Jargonelle  Doyenne  d'Ete 

JLarie  Louise  d'Uccle  I-ertility 

Cointe  de  Lamy  lieurre'  Diel 

Beurre  d'Aremberg  Beurrc-  de  Capiaumont 

Beuri^  Superfin  Beurre  Clalrgeau 
Alexandre  Lambre 

The  following  bear  well  on  the  Quince,  but  rarely  ripen 
their  fruit  satisfactorily  unless  on  a  wall  :  — 

Doyenn.!  du  Cornice  Glou  Mo 


nl  Todtlehen 
I'ergamotte  d'Esperen 
Duchesse  d'Angouleme 
Pitmaston  Duchess 


M.a 


ontcl 
re  P.acheller 
■chal  de  la  Cour 
«  Beurre 


Few  Pears  bear  well  in  our  cold  soil  on  the  Pear 
stock  (in  open  ground),  the  fruit  generally  being 
small,  unless  in  hot  dry  seasons.  The  remarks 
apply  only  to  our  cold  damp  soil.  The  following  do 
fairly  well  on  standards  for  orchard  :  — 

Hessle  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  Ferlillly 


1  des  Can 


'  A,  Dickson  c-"  Sens,  Cluster, 


Devon  :  h'llLrlon. — I  send  you  a  list  of  the  Pears 

we  grow,   with  a  description    of  their   fruit-bearing 

characters,  and  the  stocks  on  which  they  are  grown  : — ■ 

Pit.iKS  ON  Peak  Stock. 


Pears  on  Pear  Stocks — continued. 

Forelle-good  bearer  Passe  Colmar-good  bearer 

Clou  Mo  ,eau-good  hearer  Pitmaston     Duchess -good 

Marie  Loui,se -shy  bearer  ^.^'arer     _ 

Mon.arch    (Knights)  -  great  Tho  npion  s  -  shy  bearer 

l,,arer  Van  Mons  Leon  le  Clerc— 
Ne'    Plus     Meuris- great  shy  bearer 

Pears  o.-j  Qui.x-ce  Stock. 

Bergamotte        dEsperen—  Gansel's  Bjrgamotte  —  good 

good  bearer  bearer 

Beuirc'         Bachelicr  —  fair  General      Todtlehen  —  shy 

bearer ;  often  cracks  bearer 

Clair.^eau      —      great  Gilogil -good  bearer 

bearer                      .  Huyshe's     VictJna  —  good 

,,    d  Aremberg     —     fair  bearer 

bearer  Jar=;onc'.le -go.xl  bearer 
,.     Ranee -good  bearer  Josephine  de  M.ilmes-good 
.,     Giffard- shy  bearer  bearer 
Chaumonlet— g^od  bearer  L'Tnconnue  -good  bearer 
Comte      de      Lamy  — great  Louise    Bonne    of   Jersey- 
bearer                               .  g.iod  bearer 
Conseiller  de  la  Cour- fair  Madame      Treyvc  —  gooi 

bearer  bearer 

Crassane-good  bearer  Verulam  -good  bearer 

Doyenne'   du    Coinice-g^od  Vicar    of   Winkfield  —  good 

Duchessed'AngoulCme-shy        Winter  Nelis  -  good  bearer 

bearer  Zepherin     Gre'goire  —  good 

Eyewood -great  bearer  bearer 

Jo/iii  Garland,  Kilkrlon,  Exeter, 

Essex. — The  most  suitable  Pears  in  this  district 
are  the  following  :  — 

Peaks.  Stand  irds  or  Pvraiuds.  on-  tuf  Pt.vR  St..ik, 

?•«/)■.— Doyenne'  d'Et,S,  Cilron  des  Carmes. 

August.  Jargonelle,  Beurrc  GifiarJ,  Clapp's  Favourue, 
Be.aco  i. 

St/>temlrr.—?,on  Chre'ti  n  (Williams').  Sumr..;er  Beiirr^ 
d'.-\remberg,  Beurre  d'.Amanlls.  Madame  Trcyve,  Colmar 
d'Ete,  Jalousie  de  Fontenay  Vendee. 

(V/o/rr.— Fondante  d'.\utomne,  Fertility,  Bcurr^  Hardy, 
Hessle. 

Nmvml.f  n<:J  A-.rra.V)-. —Marie  Louise  d'Uccle.  Kmile 
d'Hcvst.WinterNclis,  BeurrC-d'Aremberg  Josephinede  Mahnes. 

Pears  on  the  Pear  stock  are  so  long  in  beating  when 
planted  as  pyramids  or  standards  that   the  result  is 
often    disheartening.      The    following    are    selected 
because  they  are  comparatively  early  producers  : — 
Pears  on  Peak  Stock  for  Wall. 

yw/j'.  — Doyenn.^  d'EtiJ,  fruit  small,  but  very  p-oductive. 

Awiist  — Jargonelle.  Beurr^  Giflfard,  Clapp's  Favourite. 

Seftc,iiler.—Y,an  ChriStien  (Williams').  Beurr^  d'Amanlis. 
Madame  Treyve.  Beurre  Superfin,  Souvenir  .^u  Congrus 

October. — Louise  Bonne  rf  Jersey,  Fondante  d'Antomne. 
Beurre  Hardy.  Gansel's  Bergamat,  Brown  Beurre.  Marie 
Louise,  Beurre  Bosc. 

Nirjember  aii.t  Deceiiilvr.  —  Glou  iHorjean.  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  DoyenniJ  du  Cornice.  Durandcau.  Marie  Louise 
d'Uccle.  Emile  d'Heysl,  lieu  r4  Diel,  Beurr^  d'Aremberg, 
Marie  Bearist,  Monarch  (Knight's^ 

December  to  i\lii'-ch.  —  Passe  Crassane,  Bergamotte  d'Es- 
peien.  Easter  Beurre,  Ne  Plus  Meuris,  Beurre'  Ranee,  Olivier 

Pears  ojj  Quince  Stock. 

yi,lf.-5l.  Swithin's.  Doyenne  d'Et^,  Citron  des  Carmes.  ^ 

August. — "Jargonelle,  •Beurre  Giffard,  'Clapp's  Favourite, 
Beacon. 

Scjilember.—'Uan  Chre'tlen  (Williams'),  Summer  Bcurr^ 
d'.Aremberg,  *Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Madame  Treyve.  •Beurre 
Superfin.  Colmard'Eie,  'Souvenir  du  Congres,  Jalousie  de  Fon- 
tenay Vend^;,  Dr.  Hogg. 

(\7i>/',r  -*I,Lmise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Fondante  d'Auton.ne, 
liralioli,  1-crtil.ty,  'Beurre  Hardy. 

No-'cmber — Thompson's,  •Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Baronne 
de  Mcllo.  "Glou  -Morceau,  •Pitmaston  Duchess.  •Marie  Louise. 
•Doyenne  du  Cornice,  "Durandeau,  •Emile  d'Heyst,  'Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  *Gansers  Bergamat. 

December.  -*Beurrc  Diel,  •tieu.Te  d'Anjou,  •Beurre  d'Arem- 
berg, •Passe  Colmar,  ^Princess. 

Jniutnry  and  Febrmiry. — *Winter  Nelis,  "-Josephine  de 
Malines,  Iris  Gregoire,  'Marie  Benoist.  'Passe  Crassane. 
"Monarch,  •Bergamotte  d'Esperen,  "Nouvelle  Fulvie,  'Prince 
Napoleon. 

.l/,i»-ir//.— 'Easter  Beurre',  «01ivier  des  Sevres,  "Ne  Plus 
Meuris,  'Bearre  Ranee. 

The  above  sorts  will  grow  equally  well  as  cordons, 
espaliers,  bushes,  and  pyramids.  Those  marked  * 
are  large,  and  suited  also  for  espaliers  and  walls. 
Francis  Riv:rs,  Satobridst-ltiorth. 

Herefordshire.— We  beg  to  hand  you  a  list  of 
desirable  Pears  for  Herefordshire  ;  our  soil  does  not 
suit  all  Pears,  and  in  planting  a  good  quantity  of 
finely  pulverised  bones  should  be  added,  as  we  find 
bones  in  this  form  suit  all  crops,  either  trees  or 
agricultural  produce  :^ 

-on  Pc 


Be 


;  Bosc— good  lie 


Bon   Chre'tlen  (Williams') - 

^ood  be.nicr 
British      Queen— very    shy 

Easter  Bcurr^— good  .bearer 


Messrs.  L.\ne  &  Sons'  Nursery.- The  cele- 
brated nurseries  of  Messrs.  Lane  &  Sons,  at  Bsik- 
himstead,  have  long  been  famous,  not  alone  (or  one 
class  of  plants  or  productions,  but  for  several.  It 
will  be  within  the  recollection  of  the  older  men  in  the 
profession,  when  the  firm  was  well  known  as  possess- 
ing the  best  collections  of  herbaceous  plants,  and 
Pansies  especially,  to  be  found  in  the  home  counties. 
But  that  was  long  before  the  public  had  become  tired 
of  the  monotony  of  bedding  out.  Pears  are  not  largely 
grown  here,  the  district  being  cold  and  the  .soil  un- 
suited  to  most  kinds.  Few  standard  trees  are  found  in 
fiee  den. iveorchar  Is  belonging  to  the  nursery,  of  which 
there  are  three,  and  what  varieties  are  grown  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  fruit  are  worked  and  grown  as 
oblique  cordons,  the  ed^es  of  thi  orchard  quarters 
being  planted  with  them.  Early  varieties  are  mostly 
made  use  of  lor  this  purpose,  the  lat£-m.atuiing,  long- 
keeping  kinds  seldom  attaining  perfection.  The  sorts 
are— Citron  des  Carmes,  D  lyenne  d'E  c,  Gratioli, 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Marie  Liuise  d'Uccle, 
Souvenir  du  Congrc-s  and  Seckle.  The  list  published 
by  the  firm'  contains  less  than  four  dozen  kinds,  but 
these  are  the  recognised  good  ones,  which  are  to  be 
found  in  most  gardens,  and  which  are  found  to  bear 
well,  either  as  bushe?,  standard;,  espaliers,  or  wall- 
trained.  The  following  is  the  list  of  varieties  (exclusive 
ofthose  mentioned  previously)  that  are  grown  for  sale, 
and  which  may  prove  of  some  value  to  persons  re- 
siding in  hilly  districts  and  on  cold  soils  :  — 

Bon  Chretien  (Williams')  Passe  Colmar 

Brookworth  Park  Pitmaston   Duchess,  nr  Wil- 

Brown  Beurr^  hams'  D.  d'Angouleme 

Catillac  Seckel 

Chaumontel                   .  Sniiveiiirdu  Congres 

Citron  des  Carmes  Uvedale's  St.  Germain] 

Doyenne  d'Et6     ,  Vicar  of  Winkfield 

Doyenne  du  CotiJc! 

Duchesse  d'Angoult::n( 

Easter  Beurr^ 

;  Bergamot 


Ambn 
Aston 


Pear 

Dun 

mdt^n 

11  d; 

tto 

Fen 

iiiiv— 

ver-Qnince 

Fl.  ,. 

M-'l      1 

d  l'.spt;ren — 

( '.tn' 

II 

id  Pea 


„     d'Aremberg.  dilto  lar^onL-llc-Pcir 

.,     Bachelier,  ditto  Josephine  de  .Malincs-Pear 

,.     Clairgcan— Pear  aiiJ  Quince 

„     Bosc  —  Pear       and  Madame  Treyve,  dilto 

Quince  Marie  Benoist,  ditto 

,,     Ballet  Pere,  ditto  MariSchal  de  la  Cour,  ditto 

.,     Capiaumont.  ditto  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  d.tlo 

„     Did,  dltio  Monarch  (Knight's  Pear. 
,,    Gi.ubault— Quince  Nouveau     Poitcau— Quince 

„     Rance-Pear  and  Pear 

..     Hardy  —  Pear     and  Ne  Plus  Meuris-Pear 

Quince  Pitinaston  Duchess— Quince 
Comte  de  Lamy,  ditto  and  Pear 

Doyenne  Boussoch,  ditto  Summer  Doyenni— Pear 

,,     du  Comice,  ditto  'Uvedale's  St.  flermain.  ditto 

Duchesse     d'Angouleme,  Williams'      Bon     ChrcJlicn. 
dU'o  Quince  and  Pear. 

Louise  Bonneof  Jersey  and  Glou  Mot9eau  canker  badly; 
of  little  use.      The  Cranston  Company,  Hereford. 


Glou  MorQe; 
Gratioli 

Hacon's  Incomparable 
Jargonelle 

Jos'ephine  de  Malines 
Knight's  Monarch 
Louise  Bonne  ofjersij 
Madame  Treyve 
Marie  Louise 


1  (Williams') 
Winter  Nells 
Alexandre  Lambre 
Allhorpe  Crassane 
Autumn  Bergamot 
Berga'notte  d'Esperen 
Benrr.5  Bachel'er 
,,     Clairgeau 


d'An 


,,  de  Capiaumont 

,,  de  I'Assoniption 

„  Diel 

„  Hardy 

„  Superfin 


Jersey. — There  are  many  variefes  of  Pears  com- 
paratively worthless  for  general  cultivation.  Nur- 
serymen keep  them  in  stock,  as  they  are  occasiaually 
inquired  for.  I  send  you  a  catalogue  on  which  I  mark 
the  varieties  generall'y  grown  here  in  quantity,  all  of 
which  are  acceptable  varieties  and  succeed  one 
another  in  their  periods  of  maturity.  The  question 
of  quality  is  the  result  of  soil,  whilst  size  is  attainable 
by  careful  pruning,  thinning,  and  manuring.  The 
Chaumontel  Pear,  which  is  mist  grown  here,  sur- 
passes a'l  others  as  to  quality  in  the  months  of 
November  and  D.;cember.  I  think  no  fruit  equal  to 
a  good  specimen  of  it.  It  requires  a  rich,  moist  soil, 
to  bring  it  to  perfection,  and  fine  fruits  often  weigh 
from  12  to  20  oz.  Sometimes  extraordinary  specimens 
weigh  as  much  as  24  to  30  oz.  each.  The  Pound 
(Catillac)  Pear,  and  the  large  Belle  de  Jersey,  Belle 
Angevine  or  Uvedale's  St.  Germain,  are  the  culinary 
Pears  best  worth  gro'*ing — the  former  being  best  for 
flavour,  whilst  the  latter  is  the  largest  and  finest 
looking  Pear  grown,  ranging  from  16  to  50  oz.  in 
weight.  I  have  seen  larger  specimens,  but  they  are 
unusual.  The  trees  of  both  these  vaiieties  are  of 
vigorous  habit  of  growth,  and  will  answer  to  any 
amount  of  manuring  and  thinning,  if  large  fruits  are 
desired.  They  require  sheltering  situations,  as  from 
the  great  weight  of  the  fruits  they  are  liable  to  be 
blown  down  by  the  wind.  The  flesh  of  a  well 
matured  Pound  Pear  becomes  red  in  cooking,  and 
was  described  to  me  by  an  epicure  as  being  **both 
meat  and  drink,"  and  of  excellent  quality.  The 
Madeleine,  or  Citron  des  Carmes,  is  our  first  dessert 
Pear,  and  ripens  in  July  followed  by  Mouille  Bouche, 
Jargonelle,  Williams'  Bjn  Chr<>:ien,  Beuric  d'Amanlis, 
Louise  Bonne,  Marie  Louise,  Beurrc  de  I'Assomption, 
Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Beurie  Diel,  Doyenne  du 
Comice,  Crassane,  Chaumontel,  Glou  Moi5eau,  and 
Easter  Beurre ;  and  in  this  collection  of  fifteen 
varieties  we  have  the  acme  de  la  erf  me  of  Pears 
generally  cultivated.  Many  other  varieties  are 
acceptable,  but  not  so  worthy  of  general  cultiva:ion. 
Charles  B.  Saunders,  Si.  Heliers. 

Kent. — The  following  Pears  are  most  suitable  for 
gardens  in  the  warmer  districts  of  Kent :— 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


503 


-Beurr^  Giflfard,  medium  sue— best  of  the 

medium  size— bush  on  yuince  or  wall. 

ciiir  du  Congrfes,  very  l.irge  —  a  constnnt 
lull   Chretien,  very  large  -  best  on  Qiiintie 

lomphe  de  Vieniie,  very  large  — cxquiMte 
J;tme  'J'reyve,  medium — of  honeyed  sweet- 
i^nte    d'Aatomue,    medium— most    fertile, 

Louise    Boiine    of    Jersey,  mediuii — prolific    on 
Liise,  medium — best  Havoiir  from  open  trees  : 
i,  enormous — 'ertile  and  haiidaome  ;  Emile 
CHeyst.  medium— very  feriile,  delicious. 

JSjvziubcr.  —  Bcurr^  Siiperhn,  large  —  exqiiisire  flavour  ; 
5eiiirc  Hardy,  medium-ferlile,  rich  Havour. 

y>,-..v//A,-r.— Wmter  Nelis,  small— bc,t  on  wall  ;  Thompson's. 
ne  luini— among  the  best,  shy  bearer  ;  Vineusc,  large  — good 
learcr,  very  rioh  ;  Doyenn^  du  Cornice,  large— grjnd  and  fer- 
ile  ;  Alonarch  (Knight's.),  lucdium — very  rich,  best  from  open 

Janunry  to  March. — Duchesse  de  Bordeaux,  medium— keeps 
.ell.  ri^h  HavMur:  Noiivelle   Fulvie,  large-best  on*  wall,  fine  ; 

uMpIih-  .1.  M  .t  n-  ,  Mil. til -best  on  pyramids  on  Quince; 
,1  :        :  t  I  li■l^t  delicious  ;  Olivier  des  Serres. 


krlilc 
site  H:i 

;e  ;  Mar 


irtha 


wall, 


I  La. 


cry 


It  is  often  said  that  pyramidal  trees  are  over-pruned, 
ihe  examples  figured  are  natural  pyramids,  paitly 
pruned— such  are  objects  of  beauty  and  utility.  Geo. 
Bunyardf  Maidstone. 

Midlothian. — The  following  list  of  Pears  has 
been  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  Dunn,  of  Dalkeith 
Gardens,  and  should  be  found  useful  fur  those 
planlers  of  the  fruit  residing  in  the  colder  pirts  of 
the  country,  where  sonne  of  the  finest  varieties  of 
Contiaenlal  origin  do  not  UiUilIy  succeed  in  any 
position  in  the  open  air  : — 
Twelve  Bi-st  Dessert  Pears  in  the  Order  of  Rii-em.ng. 

I,  Jargonelle,  wall  or  standard — free  stock  ;  no  good  on 
Quince  ;  good  from  standards  ;  neat  early  Pear.  2,  Williams' 
lion  Chretien,  wall,  bush,  or  standard— free  and  Quince  stock* 
always  fine;  very  good  from  standards.  3,  Beurr6  d'Amanlis, 
wall,  bush,  or  standard— free  and  Quince  stocks  ;  best  on  free 
stocks,  4,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  wall,  bush,  or  standards- 
free  and  Quince  slocks  ;  best  on  free  slock.  5,  Tliompson's, 
wall  and  bush— free  and  Quince  stocks ;  very  fine,  but  not 
always  a  sure  bearer.  C,  Marie  Louise  (best  all-rounJ  Pear), 
wall  or  standard — free  stock  only  ;  verv  good  as  a  standard, 
n.Ucoodas  a  dwarf  tree.  7,  Winter  Nelis,  wall  and  bush- 
free  and  Quince  stocks  ;  best  on  wall  ;  rather  small,  but  deli- 
cious.  8,  Napuleon.  wall,  bush,  or  standard — cither  stock  ; 
equally  fine  from  wall  and  standard-  9.  Hacon's  Incomparable, 
wall,  bush,  or  standard  —  free  and  Quince:  best  from  free 
stock  ;  very  good  from  standards.  10,  Beurr6  Diel,  wall,  bush, 
or  standard^free  and  Quince  ;  best  from  free  stock  ;  best  on 
a  wall.  II,  Glou  Mori;eau,  wall,  bush,  or  standard— free  and 
Quince  ;  best  on  a  wall,  but  very  good  on  standard  12,  Easier 
beurr^,  wall,  on  bush— free  and  Quince ;  keeps  later  and 
equally  good  from  bush. 

Ct.LiNAKv  Pears. 

I,  Cat  iliac,  wall,  bush,  or  standard  — either  stock;  best  on 
free  stock  :  does  well  on  standard,  need  nut  get  a  wall.  2. 
Bcllissimed'Hiver,  wall,  bush,  or  standard— either  stock  ;  best 
on  free  stock  ;  very  good.  3,  Black  Worcester,  wall,  bush,  or 
standard — free  stock  ;  good. 

Mr.  Dunn  remarks  that  in  ordinary  seasons  •'  all  the 
Pears  mentioned,  except  Thomson's,  Winter  Nelis, 
and  Easter  Beurre,  do  well  here  as  standards  ;  and 
the  fruit  they  produce  is  generally  better  flavoured 
than  from  wall  trees,  although  in  most  instances 
slighlly  smaller.  Many  other  sorts  are  grown,  some 
of  them  very  good  and  useful — such  as  Brown  Beurr^, 
Beurre  Bosc,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Josephine  de 
Malines,  Cotnte  de  Limy,  Jersey  Gratioii,  Bcune 
Kance,  Matthew's  Eiiza,  Passe  Colmar,  Doyenne 
d'E;c(very  early)  ;  Muirfowl  E^'g.  Ne  Plus  Meiiris, 
Ilessle  (very  free- bearinp  as  a  standard);  Duchesse  d'An- 
goulcme,  Beurie  Supeifin,  and  others  too  numerous 
to  mention  ;  but  the  twelve  dessert  Pears  named  in 
ihe  list  are  the  best  here  for  a  continuous  supply  of 
first-rate  Pears  from  August  to  March,  or  during  the 
season  of  good  Pears." 

Sussex. — In  the  Horsham  district  Pears  grow 
well,  as  do  likewise  Apples,  superb  examples  of 
which  are  frequently  witnessed  at  metropolitan  shows. 
We  are  indebted  for  this  list  to  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
Sidney  F')rd,  the  expeiienced  gardener  to  W.  E. 
Hubbard,  Eq.,  Leonard's  Lee  :  — 

Twi-NTV  First-class  Pears  on  the  Quince. 


Duchess^  d'An^ouIe 

n: 

White  Doyenne 

Chavinioiitcl 

General  'I'odtleben 

MadMie  Millet 

Sum-ner  Beurrii  d'Arcmhe 

Winter  Nelli 

Doyennii      du       Com 

Beurr«S  d'Amanlis 

(Thompson's) 

„     St-rckraans 

Napolc«Jn 

„     d'Anjou 

Glou  Morceau 

„     Bachdie- 

Bon  ChrtHien  (William,') 

L-iuiss  Bo  ne  01  Jer 

ey 

Fondanle  de  Cuerne 

Madame  Treyve 

M.irie  I.ouise  d'Ucele 

Pilmaston  Ductics-, 

Da.-andeau 

PSAKS  WHIC 

n  SticCEE:: 

ON  Free  Stocks. 

Oansel's  liergamot 

Gratioii  of  Jersey 

Beurre  Bosc 

Louise  Dunne  of  Jersey 

,,    Ciairgeau 

Marie  Louse 

„     Diel 

Madame  Millet 

.,     Ranee 

Knight's  Monarch 

Easter  Bcurr^ 

Winter  Nells 

Bon  Cht^llen 

Olivier  des  Serres 

BriKtkworlh  Park 

Pitmaslon  Duchess 

Chausiontel 

'I'hompson's 

Duchesse  dAngojlc 

ue 

Vicar  of  Winkfield 

Durandeau 

Souvenir  du  Congres 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  : 

October  13  and  14. 

This  was  aRain  one  of  ihose  successful  met  tings  of 
which  the  Society  has  had  several  duiinu  ihe  year 
now  waning,  and    must  have  promoted  as  great  saiii- 


faction  in  the  minds  of  the  executive  as  it  appeared  to 
give  to  the  numerous  visitors.  Rarely  has  fruit  been 
shown  in  better  condition,  or  of  finer  quality, 
equally  noliceable  in  Pears  and  Apples,  and  certainly 
the  number  of  dishes — 17C0— must  have  exceeded  the 
expectations  of  the  mo-t  sanguine. 

As  was  most  proper  flowers,  were  not  present  in 
any  great  quanlilies,  so  that  there  was  nothing  that 
could  much  distract  the  sole  attention  due  to  the  fruit. 


{To  he  continued.) 


:   DEFLEXED 


An  exception  must  be  made,  in  so  far  as  regards  Mr. 
A.  E.  Campbell's  Gladioli,  which,  fine  as  they  were, 
failed  to  obtain  the  sama  amount  of  general  criticism 
as  fell  to  their  lot  on  an  earlier  occasion. 

Vegetables  shown  for  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  special 
awards  were  not  very  numerous,  nor  were  there  many 
things  included  in  them  of  supreme  merit  ;  and  some 
exhibitors  failefl  to  s<e  that  to  show  vegetables  that 
attain  to  excellence  only  during  the  summer  months 
disqualifies  when  shown  in  late  autumn. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  G.    F.  Wilson,    Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 


Messrs.  J.  Douglas.  J.  Lane,  W.  Bealby.  H.  Bennetf, 
IL  Ilerbst,  W.  Wilks,  T-  Eraser.  G.  Doffield.  H. 
Ballantine,  J.  Dnminy.  it.  Williams,  H.  M.  Pollett, 
J.  O'lirien,  E.  Hill,  H.  Turner,  J.  Smith.  J.  James, 
J.  Walker,  J.  Child,  W.  B.  Kellock,  T.  Barnes. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons  showed  a  number  of  varieties 
of  greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  some  of  which  are  of 
recent  raising.  An  intense  scarlet  was  seen  in  R.  car- 
dinals. K.  Minerva  is  pale  yellow,  with  a  truss  which  is 
close  yet  large;  K.  ApoUo,  an  orange-scarlet,  uiih  a 
very  nice  truss.  These  two  last-named  were  awarded  a 
First-cliss  Cerlificate.  Other  varieties  were  shown,  in 
wliich  sa'mon  or  yellow  lints  prevailed,  and  sometimes 
both  in  the  same  bloom.  A  novel  rree-blooming  Begonia, 
John  Heale  x  B.  socotrana,  and  a  tuberous  variety  of 
Iheir  raising  came  also  from  the  CheUea  firm.  The 
colour  is  bright  lake,  the  flowers  bting  pendent  in  slender 
racemes,  ;ind  the  habit  altogether  distinct.  Female 
blooms  were  absent,  so  that  long-continued  flowering  is 
likely  to  be  a  property  of  the  plant.  A  First-class  Certi- 
ficate was  given.  A  pretty  panful  of  Amazonia  punicea, 
Babinglonia  Camphorosm^e,  a  myrtaceous  plant  from  the 
Swan  Kiver.  Weblern  Australia,  having  pinkish-white 
silver-like  blooms  in  racemes,  and  Heaih-hke  foliage.  A 
good  plant  ol  Callicarpa  purpurea,  standing  4  feet,  and 
as  much  in  breadth  ;  it  had  a  number  of  drooping 
bunches  of  its  singular  purple  berries,  making  it  ex- 
ceedingly attractive.  The  plant  is  by  no  means  a 
novelty,  but  it  is  rarely  seen  in  plant  collections.  A  Cul- 
tural Commendation  was  awarded.  Vanda  Hookeriana 
received  the  same  award,  being  shown  by  Mr.  E.  Hill, 
gr.  to  Lord  Rothschild.  Tring  Park.  There  were  four 
flowers  open  on  the  small  specimen,  on  which  the  lip 
spottings  were  very  fine.  The  growth  was  hard  and 
wiry  ;  evidently  the  culture  of  this  beautiful  Orchid  is 
well  understood  at  Tring  Park.  De  B.  Crawshay.  Esq., 
Rosefi:ld,  Sevenoaks  (gr.,  Mr.  Cook),  had  a  plant  of 
OdontoglossMm  odoratum  leuchochilum  ;  and  from  the 
garden  of  A.  H  Smee,  Esq.,  Wallington  (Mr.  Cummings, 
gr),  a  plant  of  Cattleya  sptciosissima  and  Lycaste 
Smeeana,  the  first-named  of  but  small  pretensions  to 
beauty,  and  the  last  a  pale  form  of  Skinneri.  D.  Duke, 
Esq.,  The  Glen,  Lauriston  (gr..  Mr.  A.  Noakes),  brought 
Barkeria  Lindleyana  Centeixe,  with  purple  sepals  and 
petals,  and  a  lip  of  a  much  darker  lint.  It  was  nicely 
flowered,  and  obtained  a  Cultural  Commendation. 
Some  pretty  early  flowering  Chrysanthemums  from  Mr, 
Boyce,  87,  Noibury  Road,  Holloway,  were  seen  in 
Mandarin,  Madame  C.  Desgranges,  G.  Wermig,  and 
some  new  Anemone  and  pompon-flowered  varieties. 
Mr.  W.  Bull,  The  Nurseries.  King's  Road,  Chelsea, 
had  Gastronema  hybrida  under  the  name  of  Vallota  in- 
termedia, a  beautifully  flowered  Eucharis  Mastersii. 
showing  admirably  the  character  of  the  plant,  which 
some  ihiiik  is  no  advance  on  E.  Candida  ;  Oncidium 
Barker!  (ligrinum),  the  sepals  and  petals  of  rich  brown 
barred  with  yellow,  the  lip  of  the  purest  yellow.  2  inches 
across,  a  beautiful  showy  species.  From  the  same 
establishment  wire  Alocasia  Regina,  a  dark  metallic- 
green  fuliage  plant  ;  La;lia  aulumnalis  atrorubens,  bear- 
ing a  pretty  spike  of  bloom.  Several  new  varieties  of 
Chrysanthemums  in  Roi  des  Precoces,  a  chocolate- 
brown  Japanese  ;  Fleur  d'Ete,  rosy-mauve,  partially  in- 
cuived  Japanese  ;  and  La  Bien  amiue,  a  rose  pompon. 
Mr.  Herrin,  gr. ,  Chalfont  Park,  showed  some  showy 
Celosia  pyramidails  coccinea,  receiviirg  a  Vote  of 
Thanks.  Mr.  Thomas  Ware,  Tottenham,  had  a  quan- 
tity of  cut  blooms  of  hardy  plants,  mostly  varieties  of 
Michaelmas  Daises  ;  some  varieties  of  Colchicum. 
inclusive  of  two  double-flowered  varieties.  From  the 
Gourrock  Gardens  Mr.  Campbell  showed  a  very 
fine  collection  of  Gladioli,  about  which  we  may 
have  something  to  say  at  another  time.  Some  varie- 
ties of  Ixoras  were  sent  by  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  as 
Morseii,  a  fine  truss,  sent  out  some  years  since  by  Mr.  B. 
S.  Williams  ;  Prince  of  Orange,  Williamsii,  a  distinct 
rosy-scarlet;  and  coccinea.  Nlr.  Forbes,  gr.,  Dover 
House,  Roehampton,  ^ent  cut  blooms  ot  Japanese 
Chrysanthemums,  \\z.,  Margot.  a  pale  pink,  with  a  fawn 
coloured  centre  ;  M.  ^fou5iilac.  a  rich  red-bro^\n  ;  I'lle 
des  Plaisirs,  also  rich  brown,  the  reverse  of  the  petals 
dead  gold  colour — a  handsome  kind,  and  which  was 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate,  Mes'-rs.  H.  Cannell 
&  Sons  showed  several  showy  kinds  of  scarlet,  white,  and 
pink  Pelargoniums,  and  likewise  Begonia  blooms,  both 
single  and  double  flowered.  Some  Carnations  from 
Swanley,,  Pride  of  Penshurst,  a  good  smooth  flower,  pale 
yellow,  were  much  admired.  Early  flowering  Chrysah- 
ihemum  Faberta,  a  bright  canary-yellow,  was  a  good 
kind  and  obtained  a  Vote  of  Thanks.  The  single 
flowered  tuberous  Begonia  Earl  of  Bessborough.  with 
deep  orange  coloured  blooms,  obtained  a  First-class 
Certificate.  From  Leonardslee  Mr.  S.  Ford  sent  cones 
of  Pinus  excelsa  and  Abies  Wcbbi.ina.  Messrs.  Hooper 
Ol  Co.,  Covent  Girden,  sent  some  flowering  Tree  Carna- 
tions of  some  merit. 


First-class  Certificates. 
To    Mr.    J.   Forbes,    for  Chrysanlhemu 


I'lle    des 


Pla 

To  Messrs.  |.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Begonia  (ohn 
Heale. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendron 
ApoUo. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  S^ns,  for  Rhododendron 
Minerva. 

To  Mr.  W.  Ball,  for  Eucharis  Mastersii. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  for  Ivy-leaf  Pelargonium  Alice 
Crousse. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Begonia  Earl  o' 
Bessborough. 

To  Mr.  Lnxton,  for  Apple  September  Beauty. 

To  Mr.  Gilbert,  for  Chou  de  Burghley. 


504 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  1885. 


Fruit  Committee. 
Present  •  H.  Veitch,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  and  Messrs.  J. 
Lee,  T.  Woodbridge,  G.  T.  Miles,  T.  F.  Rivers,  G. 
Bunyard,  J.  E.  Line,  I.  Ellam,  J.  Burnett,  C.  Ross, 
S  Ford,  F.  Rutland,  \V.  Paul,  A.  Sutton,  J.  B. 
Haywood,  G.  Page,  G.  Paul,  J.  Roberts,  and  J. 
Sheppard, 

Apples. 

For  the  best  collection  of  .Apples  (nurserymen),  not 
exceeding  loolvarieties,  six  fruits  to  constitute  a  dish.— 
ist  Messrs 'G.  Bunyard,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Maidstone, 
whose  exhibits  were,  if  anything,  superior  to  that  shown 
by  them  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  the  previous  week,  and 
comprised  mainly  the  same  varieties  ;  2d,  Messrs.  J.  ii 
G  'Lane  St.  Mary's  Cray,  Kent— thus  reversing  the 
order  of  their  names  at  this  competition.  The  3d  prize 
was  taken  by  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nursenes,  Ches- 
hunt.  The  Sawbridgeworth  collection,  which  failed  to 
win,  numbered  eighty  dishes. 

For  the  best  collection  of  fifty  vaneties  (amateurs,.— 
Mr,  Ford,  Leonardslee,  was  ist.  Some  of  his  fruit  being 
remarkably  fine,  as  Broadhurst  Pippin,  Emperor  Alex- 
ander Minshul  Crab,  Bedfordshire  Foundhng,  Haw- 
thomden.  Lady  Henniker,  Pitmaston  Nonpareil,  and 
Stone's  Apple  ;  2d,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  The  Gardens, 
Powderham  Castle,  Devon— a  well  coloured  collection, 
but  one  in  which  the  fruit  was  smaller  than  in  the  first  lot  ; 
3d,  Mr.  A.  Waterman,  of  Preston  Hall,  Aylesford.  In 
this  competition  five  collections  were  tabled. 

For  the  best  twelve  culinary  Apples,  distinct.— ist, 
Mr  C  Ross,  gr.,  Welford  Park,  who  had  fine  examples 
of  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Prince  Albert,  Brabant  Belle- 
fleur  Pomona,  Annie  Elizabeth,  Mere  de  Manage,  and 
Stirling  Castle  ;  2d,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  his  Blenheim 
Orange,  Reinette  du  Canada,  and  Galloway  Pippin  were 
exceUent  dishes  ;  3d,  Mr.  ].  Grey,  Normanton  Gardens, 
Stamford.  .,,..„ 

For  six  dishes  of  culinary  Apples,  Mr.  !•.  Miller,  gr. 
to  J  T.  Friend,  Esq.,  Northdown,  Margate,  was  ist 
—in  this  lot  were  fine  Alexander  and  Blenheim  Orange  ; 
2d  Mr  F.  RuUand.  gr  ,  Goodwood,  Sussex,  the  Frog- 
more  Prolific,  Lord  Sufiield,  Peasgood's  .Nonsuch,  and 
Blenheim  Orange  being  capital  samples  ;  3d,  Mr.  Ross. 
In  this  class  there  were  eleven  lots  staged. 

For  the  best  twelve  varieties  of  dessert  fruits. — In  this 
class  Mr.  F.  Rutland  was  placed  ist— good  samples  were 
observed  of  Brownlee's  Russet,  Nanny,  Kerry  Pippin, 
Mannington's  Pearmain,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  and 
Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Miller,  with  good  samples  of  Duke 
of  Devonshire,  Braddick's  Nonpareil,  Ribston  and 
Orange  Pippin  ;  3d,  Mr.  .K.  Waterman.  Six  lots  were 
shown. 

For  six  varieties  of  dessert  kinds,  the  prizes  fell  to  Mr. 
Jacobs,  Petworth  ;  Mr.  Rutland,  and  Mr.  C.  Ross,  in 
the  order  of  their  names. 

In  the  smaller  classes  for  Blenheim  Orange.  Cox  s 
Orange  Pippin,  Ribston  Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins, 
Dumelow's  Seedling,  Mere  de  Menage,  Golden  Noble, 
Cockle  Pippin,  Court  Pendu-plat.  Warner's  King,  Wal- 
tham  Abbey  Seedling,  Gloria  Mundi,  Peasgood's  Non- 
such, Lane's  Prince  .Mbert,  and  Bramley's  Seedling, 
were  many  fine  samples,  but  nothing  which  can  be  said 
to  be  of  superlative  merit,  and  in  which  classes  the  names 
of  exhibitors  in  larger  classes  repeatedly  occur  ;  other 
prize-winners  being  Messrs.  Lane  &  Son,  Berkhamstead  ; 
I.  Neighbour,  Bickley  Park  ;  J.  Fincham,  Nacton 
House,  Ipswich  ;  Silk,  Whiteness,  Margate  ;  G.  Richards, 
J.  Gilmour,  ].  Bolton,  Combe  Bank,  Sevenoaks  ;  G. 
'Fhompson,  T.  F.  Halsey,  J.  Burnett,  Goldsmith,  and 
A.  Smith. 

Collections  of  .Apples  and  Pears. 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons  showed  r6o  dishes  of  Apples 
and  100  of  Pears,  for  which  a  Silver  Medal  was  awarded. 
Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons  showed  a  collection  of  Apples 
consisting  of  140  dishes,  and  of  Pears  thirty-three 
dishes  ;  a  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  also  in  this  case. 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  showed 
152  dishes  of  Apples,  as  did  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son  ;  in 
each  case  the  Silver  Medal  was  given. 
Pears. 
In  this  division  of  the  show  there  was  not  only  consider- 
able competition  but  in  many  instances  the  samples  were 
remarkably  fine  as,  for  instance,  the  wonderful  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  Duchesse  d'.'\ngouleme,  shown  by  Mr.  Thomas, 
of  Sittingbourne,  who  had  in  addition  a  huge  heap  of 
these  fruits,  and  some  wonderfully  coloured  Louise 
Bonne,  that  did  Uterally  make  one's  mouth  water. 

In  the  nurserymen's  class  not  to  exceed  fifty  varieties, 
there  were  four  lots,  all  of  good  average  merit.  Mr. 
Thomas  was  ist,  having  in  his  collection  some  noble 
samples,  besides  those  named  above,  of  Beurre  Clairgeau, 
King  Edward,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Doyenne  Boussoch, 
Beurrd  Did,  Durandeau,  and  Beurr(5  Bachelier.     Mr.  T. 

F.  Rivers,  Siwbridgeworth,  was  2d,  having  in  his  col- 
lection very  fine  fruit  of  Beurre  Benoist.  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  Rivers'  Princess,  very  handsome  ;  Beurr(5  Diel, 
Glou  Morfeau,  Doyenni  du  Cornice,  and  Lebrun.     Mr. 

G.  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  came  3d,  with  a  very  interesting 
collection,  including,  with  many  above-named,  Marie 
Louise  d'Uccle,  Bellisime  d'Hiver,  &c. 

A  duplicate  class  of  fifty  kinds  for  amateur  growers 
brought  fine  lots,  or  a  total  of  some  250  dishes.  Here 
Mr.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury  Park  Gardens,  was  ist,  his 
exhibits  being  neatly  set  up  with  foliage  ;  the  collection 
included  kinds  previously  mentioned,  of  good  colour  and 
fair  size,  though  all  the  amateur  lots  in  this  class  were 
wanting  in  that  feature  as  compared  with  the  nursery- 
men's lots.  Mr.  C.  A.  Hoare,  Kelsey  Manor,  Becken- 
ham,  was  ad  ;  and  Mr.  A.  H.  Smee,  The  Grange,  Wal- 
lington,  was  3d. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  kinds,  Mr.  Allan,  gr.  to  Lord 
Suffield,  Gunton  Park,  was  a  strong  ist,  having  splendid 


Marechal  de  la  Cour,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Beurre  Diel, 
Glou  Morfeau,  Beurr^  Clairgeau,  Doyenne  du  Comice. 
Marie  Louise,  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Beurre  Hardy, 
Louise  Bonne,  Winter  Nelis,  and  Fondante  d'Automne. 
Mr.  Thomas  came  2d  here,  with  fine  kinds,_  showing 
good  colour,  as  previously  named.  Mr.  A.  Waterman, 
gr.  to  H.  \.  Brassey,  Esq.,  Preston  Hall,  Maidstone, 
was  3d.  There  were  seven  lots  in  this  class,  whilst  in 
the  one  for  six  kinds  there  were  not  less  than  sixteen, 
and  a  grand  class  it  was.  Here  Mr.  Allan  was  again 
ist,  with  capital  samples  of  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Mare- 
chal de  la  Cour,  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Doyenn(5  du 
Comice,  Jersey  Gratiola.  and  Fondante  d'Automne.  Mr. 
A.  Smith,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Sewell,  Esq.,  Warren  Hill, 
Loughton,  was  2d,  having  fine  Brookworth  Park,  Van 
Mons'  L(5on  le  Clerc,  and  previously  named  kinds.  Mr. 
Hoare  came  3d. 

Of  stewing  Pears,  in  three  dishes,  there  were  nine  lots, 
Mr.  Rutland,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  Goodwood, 
being  placed  1st,  with  large  samples  of  Uvedale's  St. 
Germ.ain,  Grosse  Calebasse,  and  King  Edward.  Mr.  W. 
Johnston,  gr.  to  the  Marchioness  Camden,  Lambert- 
hurst,  was  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Sharpe,  gr.  to  F.  Halchett, 
Esq.,  Lee,  Kent,  was  3d. 

Coming  now  to  single  dishes,  in  some  of  the  classes  of 
which  there  was  considerable  competition,  there  were 
seven  lots  of  that  capital  Pear  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Mr. 
Allan  having  the  best,  Mr.  C.  Ross,  Welford  Park,  and 
Mr.  Johnston  coming  2d  and  3d. 

There  were  twelve  lots  of  Beurr^  Superfin,  Mr.  Bun- 
yard having  the  best,  and  very  handsome  samples  too  ; 
Mr.  Burnett.  The  Deepdene,  Dorking,  coming  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  R.  Smith,  gr.  to  Lady  Fletcher,  '^'aiding,  3d. 

There  were  but  four  dishes  of  Mari*chal  de  la  Cour, 
Mr.  Allan  having  grand  samples  ;  the  next  best  coming 
from  Mr.  Divers,  Wierton  Place  Gardens,  Maidstone  ; 
and  Mr.  Silk,  gr.  to  J.  Abernethy,  Esq.,  Margate. 

No  less  than  thirteen  dishes  of  that  beautiful  Pear, 
Marie  Louise,  were  staged,  Mr.  R.  Smith  having  beauti- 
ful clean  samples  ;  and  Mr.  Powell,  Powderham  Castle, 
coming  2d,  with  large,  if  less  handsome  fruits.  Mr.  Smee 
had  the  next  best  lot. 

Of  that  grand  late  Pear,  Glou  Morceau,  there  were 
thirteen  dishes.  Mr.  Ross.  Mr.  C.  Howe,  Benham  P.ark. 
Newbury,  and  Mr.  Powell  taking  prizes  in  the  above  order. 
Of  Beurri  Ranee  there  were  twelve  dishes.  Mr.  R. 
Smith  coming  ist,  with  fine  fruits  ;  Messrs.  Howe  and 
Sewell  following. 

Beurri  Benoist  brought  but  one  dish,  a  fine  sample, 
from  Mr.  Rutland,  and  there  was  but  one  lot  of  Urbaniste 
— a  good  sample — from  Mr.  Thomas. 

Tne  popularity  of  BeurrS  Diel,  on  the  other  hand, 
was  shown  by  its  eighteen  dishes,  generally  very  fine 
samples,  the  best  coming  from  Messrs.  Thomas,  Sewell, 
and  Bunyard. 

The  less  showy  Pear,  Winter  Nelis,  found  eight 
dishes  to  represent  it,  Messrs.  Silk,  R.  Smith,  and  Allan 
taking  the  prizes,  whilst  the  huge  Pitmaston  Duchess 
brought  only  three  dishes,  all  grand  samples,  from 
Messrs.  Thomas.  Howe,  and  Rutland. 

There  were  but  three  dishes  of  Beum'  B,ichelier.  Mr. 
W.  Johnston  having  very  fine  samples  ;  Mr,  Neighbour, 
of  Bickley  Park  Gardens,  and  Mr.  R.  Smith,  coming 
2d  and  3d. 

Of  Fondante  d'.Automne  there  were  but  five  dishes, 
Messrs.  Allan,  Silk,  and  R.  Smith  having  the  awards  ; 
and  but  four  lots  of  Passe  Colmar,  whilst  of  Louise 
Bonne  there  were  six  dishes,  some  beautifully  coloured 
samples  from  Mr.  Thomas  coming  ist ;  Mr.  W.  Tate, 
Streatham.  was  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Allan  3d. 

The  trade  collections  of  Pears  from  Messrs.  Veitch 
&  Sons,  Cheal  &  Sons,  Sussex  ;  W.  Paul  &  Sons, 
Waltham  Cross  ;  Paul  &  Sons,  Cheshunt  ;  were 
of  exceeding  interest,  and  will  doubtless  be  seen  to 
better  advantage  at  the  Pear  Congress  next  week,  when 
Pear  matters  will  have  more  than  usual  examination, 
and  secure  more  interest. 

Vegetables. 

The  valuable  special  prizes  offered  for  a  collection  of 
eight  kinds  of  vegetables  at  this  meeting  brought  eight 
lots,  and  very  high  quality  throughout— better  has 
seldom  been  seen  at  this  time  of  the  year.  Mr.  Haines, 
gr.  to  Earl  Radnor,  Coleshill,  Berks,  was  ist,  with  high- 
class  samples  of  .Autumn  Giant  Cauliflowers,  Sutton's 
New  Intermediate  Carrot  (very  beautiful),  Rousham  Park 
Onions,  Perfection  Tomatos,  Schoolmaster  Potatos, 
Canadian  Wonder  Bean,  Exhibition  Brussels  Sprouts, 
and  Clarke's  Red  Celery  ;  Mr.  W.  Meads,  Beckett  Park 
Gardens,  Shrivenham,  was  2d,  also  having  beautiful 
Carrots  of  the  same  kind,  and  fine  Trophy  Tomatos  ; 
Mr.  Pope,  Highclere  Castle  Gardens,  was  3d,  also 
having  grand  Carrots,  Giant  Cauliflowers,  and  White 
Gem  Celery  ;  Mr.  Waite,  Esher,  was  4th.  having  in  his 
collection  pretty  Snowdrop  Potatos  and  Stamfordian 
Tomatos  ;  and  Mr.  Richards,  Somerley  Park  Gardens, 
was  5th  ;  Mr.  Richards'  stems  of  Brussels  Sprouts  spoilt 
his  chances,  as  other  samptes  were  excellent. 

Mr.  S.  Jacobs.  Petworth,  showed  a  fine  French 
Pumpkin  of  213  lb.  weight,  prettily  tattoed  with  Fern 
foUage. ^ 

THE    WOOLHOPE    CLUB. 

For  sixteen  successive  years  has  the  writer  found  him- 
self in  the  city  of  Hereford  during  that  week  in  autumn 
which  the  Woolhopc  Club  devotes  to  the  study  of  myco- 
logy. In  these  sixteen  years  many  old  faces  have  passed 
away,  many  new  ones  have  appeared,  but  still,  this  reunion 
of  kindred  spirits  continues  to  be  looked  forward  to  by 
all  those  fungologists  who  have  once  been  initiated  into 
a  personal  participation  of  the  fungus  foray  as  one  of 
the  red-letter  days  or  weeks  of  the  year.  The  habitues 
began  to  muster  from  north,  south,  east,  and  west,  on  the 
evening  of  Monday,  October  5  ;  mutual  fehcitations  were 


indulged  in,  and  amongst  genial  hand-shaking,  the 
prospects  of  the  morrow  were  discussed. 

The  morning  of  Tuesday,  October  6,  broke  bright  and 
sunny,  so  the  party  of  eighteen  gentlemen  who  assembled 
at  the  Hereford  station  were  in  high  spirits.  New  ground 
was  to  be  hunted  in  the  woods  at  Pontrilas.  The  party 
included  the  President  of  the  Woolhope  Club.  Mr.  C. 
G.  Martin,  Dr.  Bull,  Dr.  Carlyle,  Rev.  Canon  Du  Port, 
Messrs.  Cunningham,  Vize,  C.  E.  Broome,  W. 
Phillips,  G.  Massee,  C.  Bucknall,  J.  Gr.ftith,  Morris, 
Edwin  Lees,  C.  B.  Plowright,  and  others. 

Just  as  the  start  for  Pontrilas  station  was  made,  under 
the  guidance  of  Dr.  Bull,  a  few  drops  of  rain  fell,  but 
too  few  to  disturb  the  equanimity  of  the  fu  igus-hunters. 
One  by  one,  however,  the  umbrellas  we  it  up  as  the 
raindrops  came  down  slowly  and  surely,  increasing  in 
frequency  and  volume.  A  belt  of  trees  yielded  several 
interesting  species,  amongst  which  was  a  Tricholoma, 
very  much  like  A.  terreus.  but  turning  red  when  injured, 
lor  which  character  it  was  first  assigned  to  A.  inodoms, 
Fr.,  but  subsequently  to  A.  atro-squamosus,  Chev. 
Having  the  habit  and  odour  of  A.  terreus,  it  more 
resembles  the  figure  of  A.  guttatus,  Schreffer,  in  Cooke's 
Illustrations,  Mr.  Bucknall  produced  some  fine  speci- 
mens of  the  new  Boletus  tenuipes,  a  plant  with  the 
habit  of  B.  piperatus,  but  abundantly  distinct.  The  rain 
now  settled  into  a  steady  downpour — 

"  The  land  was  water,  and  the  sky  was  lead." 

Such  a  soaking  the  mycologists  had  not  had  since  the 
memorable  days,  in  years  gone  by,  at  Whitfield  and  at 
Cibalva.  The  party  were  entertained  to  luncheon  by 
Mr.  Attwood-Mathews,  of  Pontrilas. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  the  tables  were  loaded  with 
fungi.  The  would-be  mycophagists  were,  however,  at  first 
taken  aback,  by  observing  amongst  these  A.  muscaria 
and  several  other  beautiful  but  poisonous  species.  Con- 
fidence was,  however,  soon  restored  when  word  was 
passed  round  that  these  were  not  intended  for  consump- 
tion, but  were  models  skilfully  constructed  for  artistic 
effect  in  honour  of  the  assembled  company.  The 
luncheon  came  in  due  course,  and  was  pecuUarly  grate- 
ful to  the  sodden  fungologists.  The  party  returned  in 
the  afternoon  to  Hereford,  when  a  general  rush  for  dry 
clothes  took  plice.  In  the  evening  a  reception  was 
held  at  the  "The  Haven,  '  when  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Vize 
read  a  paper  on  "  Polycystina,"  and  exhibited  speci- 
mens. Dr.  Bull  read  a  paper,  not  too  long,  "On 
the  Solution  of  a  New  Zealand  Botanical  Mystery," 
and  showed  specimens  of  Torrubia  Robertsii  in 
fine  fruit.  On  Wednesday  (October  7)  the  mycologists 
being  joined  by  Dr.  M.  C.  Cooke,  made  an  excursion 
to  Dinmore  Hill.  Special  instructions  had  been 
given  to  search  for  and  to  find  two  species  which  had 
not  previously  been  met  with  in  these  Herefordshire 
forays,  viz..  Boletus  purpurascens  and  Cortinarius  diba- 
phus.  The  former  was  soon  found — two  specimens 
only,  and  they  somewhat  pass^,  but  still  characteristic — 
the  latter  in  abundance  in  all  stages  and  in  excellent 
condition.  This  remarkable  Cortinarius  has  certainly 
during  the  past  sixteen  years  never  previously  put  in  an 
appearance  at  Hereford.  So  large  and  so  well  marked 
a  plant  could  not  have  been  overlooked,  with  its  brown- 
ish-yellow, viscid  pileus  surrounded  by  a  purple  margin, 
its  lemon-yellow  gills  and  stem,  with  its  marginate  bulb, 
all  of  which  characters  render  it  a  fungus  once  seen 
never  to  be  forgotten.  One  point  about  it.  however,  is 
not  quite  clear.  Fries  placed  it  in  the  third  group  of 
the  Scauri,  "  with  ferrugineous  yellow  or  fulvous  gills  ;  " 
but  in  his  description  he  speaks  of  the  gills  as  being 
"  purpurascenli-ferrugineus,"yet  he  quotes  Saunders  and 
Smith,  t.  10,  but  which  figure,  like  our  Hereford  speci- 
mens, is  devoid  of  any  purple  tint  about  the  gills.  The 
inference  is  that  the  "  purpurascenti  "  must  be  a  clerical 
error.  Dinmore  yielded  its  usual  crop  of  good  things, 
which  have  so  often  before  been  enumerated,  including 
Thelephora  clavularis,  Hygrophorus  arbustivus,  and  a 
Peziza  that  puzzled  Mr.  Phillips.  In  the  evening  the 
mycologists  were  entertained  at  dinner  by  Mr.  C.  G. 
Martin,  the  President  of  the  Woolhope  Club,  after 
which  Mr.  Phillips  read  in  the  Woolhope  Room  his  very 
interesting  paper  on  "  Puff  balls, "  illustrated  with  draw- 
ings of  many  species.  He  expressed  his  opinion  that 
Lycoperdon  perlatum  was  undoubtedly  British,  and  that 
under  L.  saccatum  we  include  a  good  species,  L.  exci- 
pulitorme,  the  spores  of  L,  saccatum  being  larger,  and 
have  a  peculiar  outhne..  They  are  often  spoken  of  as 
echinulate,  but  this  is  hardly  the  case,  as  these  are  not 
so  much  covered  by  spines  as  surrounded  by  a  paler 
irregularly  pointed  outhne.  It  is  to  be  hoped  Mr. 
PhilUps  will  pubUsh  his  paper  lu  txtcnso.  with  figures  of 
the  spores  of  the  different  species. 

A  strong  muster  of  members,  including  four  ladies, 
on  club-day  (Thursday,  October  8)  assembled  at  the 
station  and  took  train  for  Leominster,  in  spite  of  the 
threatening  weather,  which  developed  into  a  sharp  rain 
on  our  arrival  at  the  last-named  place.  Nothing  daunted 
carriages  were  taken,  and  a  start  made  for  Risbury 
Camp.  During  the  ride  the  clouds  broke,  the  blue  sky 
became  visible,  and  the  sun  shone  out.  Unversed  as  the 
present  writer  is  in  the  mysteries  of  archraology,  his 
impressions  of  the  camp  are  worth  but  little,  but  it 
seemed  to  be  protected  by  very  muddy  approaches,  to 
produce  few  fungi,  and  to  be  full  of  Apples  ?  The  party 
now  gracefully  slid  down  tlie  grassy  slopes  of  the  camp, 
and  made  for  Hell's  Hole  Dingle,  through  which  we  were 
to  walk  to  Hampton  Court.  But  across  the  Dingle  ran  a 
stream,  over  which  the  party  had  to  cross  on  a  weir. 
To  effect  this  comfortably  the  order  w.as  given  for  the 
young  and  able-bodied  each  to  carry  a  stone.  This  was. 
of  course,  done  for  something  under  a  mile,  but— oh, 
cruel  fate  !— only  to  find  after  the  portage  had  been 
made  that  a  rustic  bridge  spanned  the  stream  a  few 
hundred  yards  above  the  weir.  Lamentations  over 
wasted  labour  were,  however,  soon  dispelled  when  the 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


505 


rare  Agaricus  Badhami  was  found  in  fine  condition 
under  some  Fir  trees.  The  walk  through  the  Dingle — 
the  length  ot  which  was  variously  estimated  from  a  half 
t'j  fjur  miles— was  productive  of  many  interesting  fungi, 
and  in  due  course  Hampton  Court  came  into  view,  with 
its  Gipsy  Oak.  ancient  Cedars,  and  spacious  lawn.  Mr. 
Arkvvright  regaled  as  many  as  were  disposed  with  refresh- 
ment while  the  others  hunted  over  the  lawn.  Under 
one  of  the  Cedars  Mr.  W.  B.  Grove,  of  Birmingham, 
soon  discovered  a  Gaaster,  probably  G.  Bryantii. 

As  the  time  was  getting  away,  the  order  "  Forward  !  " 
was  given,  and  Dinmore  Hill  ascended.  The  general 
who  led  his  lo.ooo  men  up  a  hill  and  down  again  has 
lung  been  held  up  to  ridicule  in  rhyme,  but  to  lead  an 
army  of  mycologists,  not  only  up  a  hill,  but  through  a 
wood,  is  by  no  means  so  easy  a  feat.  Somebody  blun- 
dered ;  the  wrong  turn  was  taken  ;  and,  instead  of 
coming  out  at  the  station,  we  came  out  somewhere — on 
the  wrong  side  of  the  hill.  Train  time  was  drawing 
near,  rain  began  to  fall,  legs  began  to  ache,  baskets  to 
feel  heavy  ;  nobody  seemed  to  know  exactly  where  we 
were,  nor  which  way  we  should  go  till  the  order  "  For- 
ward !  "  was  again  given.  Now,  in  point  of  fact,  this 
was  really  "backward,"  but  Woolhopians,  unlike  rope- 
nidkers,  do  not  as  a  rule  progress  backwards  ;  so  on  we 
went,  not  without  trepidation,  however,  lest  we  should 
find  ourselves  the  next  time  we  emerged  from  the  wood 
worse  off  than  before.  The  rumble  of  a  railway  train  at 
the  junction  sounded  ominously  in  our  ears.  Under 
such  circumstances  how  eagerly  every  one  is  on  the  look- 
out for  a  landmark,  a  sign-post,  a  windmill,  or  well- 
known  church  steeple,  for  instance,  but  no  such  land- 
mark cheered  our  gaze.  At  last  one  of  the  party  sighted 
a  particular  clump  of  trees.  All  right  now  :  here  is 
wliere  A.  atro-punctatus  grows.  Take  the  path  to  the 
left,  and  we  shall  be  all  right.  Still  some  were  a  little 
dubious  about  plunging  once  more  into  brushwood  in 
which  you  could  not  see  lo  yards  in  front  of  you,  but 
soon  other  landmarks  presented  themselves — first  the 
places  where  Boletus  purpurascens  was  lound.  then  the 
habitat  of  Cortinarius  dibaphus,  which,  of  course,  settled 
the  whole  affair  ;  and  within  lo  minutes  we  were  safely 
landed  at  the  station,  and  in  due  course  arrived  at 
Hereford. 

I  here  is  a  great  similarity  amongst  all  dinners,  even 
if  they  be  Woolhope  dinners  ;  but  they  are  for  all  that 
necessary,  and  by  no  means  unpleasant  events.  After 
dinner  Dr.  Cooke  read  a  humorous  poem,  entitled 
"  FUmen  Pomonalis,"  in  which  the  Editor  of  the  Pomona 
figured  largely.  This  was  followed  by  a  very  interesting 
paper  on  "The  Origin  of  Domestic  Poultry,"  by  Mr. 
E.  C.  Phillips. 

In  the  evening  the  company  assembled  in  the  Wool- 
hope  Room.  The  writer  gave  an  account  of  Breftld's 
reiearches  on  the  Ustilaginei,  in  which  he  pointed  out 
Brefeld's  method  of  cultivating  these  spores  in  "  Kam- 
mern."  so  that  ihey  are  exposed  to  the  air.  and  yet  the 
culture  is  not  spoiled  by  Bacteria,  although  the  nourish- 
ing fluid  employed  is  a  highly  putrescible  one.  namely, 
a  decoction  of  the  excreta  of  herbivorous  animals.  He 
also  pointed  out  the  absurdity  of  the  statement  which  has 
been  made  about  Brefeld,  namely,  that  he  has  attempted 
to  show  that  yeast  (Saccharomyces)  originates  from  the 
Ustilaginei,  whereas  His  investigations  show  that  the 
conidia  of  the  Ustilaginei  reproduce  themselves  by  bud- 
ding (just  as  yeast-cells  do),  not  in  saccharine  solutions, 
but  in  the  excreta  of  various  vegetable  feeding  animals. 

A  discussion  followed,  opened  by  Dr.  Bull,  on  "The 
Effect  of  Fungus  Growth  in  Destroying  Tree  Life,"  in 
which  several  membt-TS  look  part. 

Dr.  Cooke  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Agaricus  melleu*;, 
originating  from  the  threads  of  Rhizomorpha.  from 
Epping  Forest,  as  a  case  in  point,  showing  that  A.  mel- 
levis  was  a  true  tree-destroying  fungus.  The  researches 
of  Hartig  were  referred  lo  by  one  of  the  members,  and 
ihe  general  wish  expressed  that  the  subject  should  be 
taken  up  more  fully  next  year. 

The  last  day  was  spent  in  Haywood  Forest,  where,  as 
usual,  Cortinarius  selaceus  and  C.  triumphans  were 
found,  together  with  several  other  species  of  more  or  less 
interest.  In  the  evening  Mr.  Vize  read  his  paper  on 
"  Pestalozzia,"  alluding,  among  other  species,  to  the  P. 
Guepenii,  which  plays  such  havoc  on  Camellia  leaves. 

During  the  week  the  following  were  amongst  the  more 
important  and  interesting  species  met  with  : — 

Agaricus  Badhami,  pantherinus,  metulcesporus,  car- 
charias,  mucidus.  sejunctus,  albo-brunneus,  atro- 
£quamosus,  sulphureus.  carneus,  clavipes,  odorus.  phyllo- 
piiilus,  fumosus.  vertirugis,  rancidus,  purus.  filipes, 
roridus,  rusticns,  phlebophorus.  lividus,  indoros, 
orchella?,  pisciodorus,  vanablilis,  radicosus,  pudicus, 
pyriodorus.  gluiinosus,  sinapizans,  carbonarius,  alnicola, 
trinaceus,  squamosus,  pyrotrichus,  semivestitus. 

Coprinus  comalus.  fuscescens. 

Cortinarius  triumphans,  ballealus.  sebaceus,  varius, 
varicolor,  infractus,  glaucopus,  purpurascens,  dibaphus, 
fulgens,  papulosus,  colhnitus,  mucifluus,  elatior,  vibra- 
tilis,  albo-violaceus,  anomalus,  torvus,  evernius,  hinnu- 
leus.  incisus,  privignus.  saturninus,  decipiens. 

Hygrophorus  cassus.  arbustivus,  olivaceo-albus. 

Lactarius  torminosus,  turpis,  hysginus,  flexuosus,  pyro- 
galus,  glyciosmus,  mitissimus. 

Russulafurcata,  rosacea,  fellea,  vesca, 

Nyctalis  parasitica. 

Marasmus  foetidus,  Hudsoni. 

Boletus  tenuipes,  badius,  piperatus,  purpureus,  edulis, 
versipellis,  scaber,  felleus,  laricinus. 

Polyporus  rupescens,  giganteus, 

Tremella  foliacea.  mesenterica. 

Hirneola  auriculae-judas, 

Geaster  fimbriatus,  Bryantii. 

TuherffiStivum. 

And  so  the  happy  week  ended.  One  more  Woolhope 
week  is  over  ■,  may  we  all  meet  again  next  year.  Charles 
/?.  Ptmoris^hf. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHB ATM,  LONDON y 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  October  \a%  1885, 


Hygrome- 

Baroueter. 

IHE  Air. 

from 
Glaisher's 

Wind. 

5 

Tables  7th 

Q 

Ediuon. 



s 

1 

' 

B. 

E 

u       1 B 

S 

s 

.i   ,5 

•i 

=  =?§ 

»s 

3 

s 

iS# 

S 

I 

^  ,°. 

1 

> 

1 

Q 

Oct.      In. 

In.       . 

_ 

In. 

8      2939 

-03054  5 

37  5 

17.046  9 

-  5-3 

43-4 

8,{ 

N.W.:  .     . 

s.w.   "■" 

1    ,  »9-»4 

-0.4653.043.5 

9  5  46  3  —  S-7 

40.4 

81 

N.W.    000 

28  8t 

—0.8549  743  5 

6  345.5;-  6.1 

44-3 

*\ 

E.  N.E  1     ■" 

39.39 

-0.3048.743  4 

5  3 

„5J-6.8 

37  5 

76{ 

N.  :      ,  „ 
N.W.  :"  ■" 

»953 

—  0.1749.032.0 

17.0 

40.7.-10.3 

3S-7 

83 

N.  NW.  0  03 

3967 

—0.0346.537.5 

9.0 

41  8-  89 

3SI) 

H 

N.  NW.!"-'" 

39.59 

—  an  48.039  5 

85 

43.-7.3 

4" -4 

96 

N.W.  !o.i8 

Mean 

3938 

-(13349839.4 

10.4 

-!— 

39.8 

86 

N.W. 

0.76 

Oct.     8.  -Kain    falling    nearly   all   morning  ;  dull    afternoon. 
Fine  night. 

—  9.— Fine  day,  bright  at  times. 

—  10,  — Rain  from  early  morning  lilt  about  noon:  fine  but 

dull  afterwards. 

—  II.— Dull  day. 

—  12. — Cold  day  and  night. 
-~    13.  —  Dull  day  and  night. 

—  14.— Slight  rain  all  morning;  fine  and  bright  from  noon 

to  1  p.  M. ;  rain  in  afternoon  and  evening. 


London  :  AtmosphiHc  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  lo,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.93 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.94  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  4tb,  decreased  to  29  65  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  5'h,  increased  to  29  82  inches  by 
9  A  M.  on  the  6th,  decreased  1029.53  inches  by  5  p.m. 
on  the  same  day,  increased  lo  29.89  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  7[h,  decreased  to  29  36  inches  by  9  AM, 
increased  to  2946  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  9h, 
decreased  to  28  95  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  lOlh,  and 
was  29. 16  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  ihe  sea  was  29  60  inches,  being  o.  28 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.27  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  57",  on  the  4th,  on  the 
lO'h  the  highest  temperature  was  49°. 7.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  53'*.5. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  37°.5,  on  the  Sth,  on 
the  5th  the  lowest  temperature  was  47*.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  41°.  5. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
17°,  on  the  8ih  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  5th,  was  5. "9. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  iz". 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  4th,  48°.  8; 
on  the  5ih,  48°.  5;  on  the  6th,  46°.8  ;  on  the  7th, 
47° ;  on  the  Sth,  46°.9  ;  on  the  9th,  46°.  2  ;  and  on 
the  loth,  45°.5  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  by  4°. 7,  4°. 7,  6°.i,  ^°.(>,  5°. 3,  5^.7,  and 
6°.  I,  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  47°.  i, 
being  2°  lower  than  last  week,  and  5°.  5  below  t  he 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  98°,  on  October  6.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  82". i. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  30",  on  the  4th.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  readings  was  35°. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  five  days,  to  the  amount  of 
1 .02  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  10  the  highest  temperatures  were  60" 
at  Truro,  59°.!  at  Cambridge,  59°  at  Plymouth;  the 
highest  at  Kolton  was  53'. I,  at  Bradford,  Sunder- 
land, and  Newcastle,  54°.  The  general  mean  was 
56°.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  32'  at  Hull,  33°.S 
at  Wolverhampton,    36°   at  Newcastle ;   the   lowest 


at  Brighton  was  40°.  8,  at  Plymouth,  40°.  5,  at  Liver- 
pool 40".3.     The  general  mean  was  37^.9. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  24°  at  Hull,  22°.6  at  Cam- 
bridge, 2i°.6  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  least  rangei 
were  14°  at  Sunderland,  14°. 6  at  Liverpool,  16°. 3  at 
Bolton.     The  general  mean  was  iS'.S. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highestat  Truro,  57°. 4,  at  Plymouth  57°,  at  Cambridge 
55°. 9;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton  50°. 8,  at  Sunderlard 
51°,  2,  at  Liverpool  518.  The  general  mean  was  53°. 8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truio,  45'.  9,  at  Plymouth  44°.  3  ;  at  Liver- 
pool 43°;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  35°. 2,  at 
Hull  37°. 4,  at  Bolton  39°. I.  The  general  mean  was 
41°. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, iS'.2,  at  Cambridge  16°.  i,  at  Hull  16°;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  8°. 8,  at  Sunderland  9°.  5,  at  Brad- 
ford io°.5.     The  general  mean  was  12'. 8. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  50'. 5, 
at  Plymouth  49''.5,  at  Brighton  47°. 6  ;  and  was  lowest 
at  Wolverhampton,  43°.2,  at  Bolton  43°.8,  at  Hull 
44°.  3.     The  general  mean  was  46°,  2. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  falls  were  2.41  inches  at 
Truro,  2  09  inches  at  Bolton,  2.01  inches  at  Liver- 
pool ;  the  smallest  falls  were  045  inch  at  New- 
castle, o  76  inch  at  Hull,  084  inch  at  Leeds.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.35  inch. 

ScoTLANp  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  10,  the  highest  temperature  was  57°. 2, 
at  Paisley  and  Penh  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  tem- 
perature was  52^.7.     The  general  mean  was  54''5' 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  31". 4,  at 
Edinburgh  ;  at  Leiih  the  lowest  temperature  was 
38°.  9.     The  general  mean  was  36°.  5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
46°. 8  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  44°.2.  The  general 
mean  was  45°.  6 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.S5  inch,  at  Greenock  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  025  inch,  at  Dundee.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  o  75  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


(Snq 


'  He  tluit  quest ioiutli  i 


iun£S. 

■h  shalt  team  iiutch'' — Bacon. 


PiNUs  ARISTATA. — .-V  correspondent,  who  has  tried 
the  nursery  trade  in  vain,  wishes  to  know  where  this 
species  may  be  obtained. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

'  Our  TtCLEGRAPHiC  .-\ddress. — Our  correspondents 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  of 
the  tteuf  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London,' 
Gardchkom  being  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
grams thus  addressed  will  reach  the  Editor  or  the 
Publisher  without  other  address  being  needed  than 
"Gardchron,  London." 


Booii  on  Vines  :  W.  R.  Mr.  Barron,  of  Chiswick, 
has  written  the  best  modern  work.  It  is  published  at 
the  office  of  the  Journal  of  Horticulture,  ijs.  Fleet 
Street,  E.G. 

Calceolarias  ;  A.  R.  The  colours  are  in  some  cases 
rich  and  uncommon,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  differ- 
ence in  form. 

Chiswick  Trials  of  Vegetables  :  F.  H.,  Frfurl. 
You  should  apply  10  the  Secretary,  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society. 

Erratum.  —  In  "  Montserrat,"  on  p.  390.  col.  c, 
line  18,  of  your  issue  of  September  26,  'Ihuia  Lobbii 
'  ought  to  be  Cryptomeria  Lobbii,  an  erect  variety  of  C. 
japonica. 

EucHARis  Bulb  ;  C.B.  M.  should  address  the  Editor, 
and  not  the  Publisher.  The  bulbs  are  swarming  with 
mites  and  are  altogether  in  a  wretched  stale.  Burn 
the  affected  bulbs  and  start  afresh. 

Kern:  J.  B.  Burn.  Neither  Adiantum  assimile  nor  A" 
formosum,  and  not  much  like  either.  What  is  the 
history  of  the  plant  ?  We  do  not  recognise  it  in  its 
present  condition.  It  looks  very  much  like  a  hybrid, 
or  variation  from  spores,  with  a  good  deal  of  cuneatura 
and  something  of  concinnum  in  it,  but  neither  does  it 
accord  with  either  of  these.  Send  a  sprig  of  it  pressed 
fiat  belore  getting  withered. 

Grape  Duke  of  Buccleuch  :  Subscriber.  A  tempe- 
rature rather  higher  than  that  in  which  the  Black 
Hamburgh  flourishes  suits  it  best.  A  mid-season 
Muscat-house  treatment  is  suitable. 

Names  OF  Fruits  ;  W.  Comfort.  Doyenn^  /i"  Co- 
mice,-y.  J.  I  Bishop's  Thumb  r^..,,Verulam;^4. 
Louise  Bonne  of  jersev  :  £-  ' 


ntelle  ;  6,  Beurre 


5o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLe. 


[October  i?;  1885. 


7.  M. 
dryoptei 
not   tlie 


de  Capiaumont.— 7.  Day.  3,  is  not  Duchess  of  Olden- 
burg—more closely  resembles  Beauty  of  Kent  ;  4, 
London  Peach  ;  5,  Roundivay's  Magnum  Bonum  ; 
others  not  recognised.     Second  lol :  i.   Franc  Real  ; 

2,  Caillot  Rosat ;  3,  Autumn  Bergamot  ;  4.  Apple 
Keswick  Codlin  — 11-'.  Troughlon.  i,  a  seedling,  is  a 
fine  looking  fruit,  seemingly  well  worthy  of  note  ;  2, 
is  New  Hawthornden  ;  3,  Jolly  Beggar.— /.  H. 
Bnrum.    i,   Co.x's  Pomona  ;    2,    New  Hawthornden  : 

3.  Horniead  Pearmain  ;  4.  Beauty  of  Kent  ;  5,  Duke 
of  Devonshire. — Hamlet,  i  and  2,  Beurre  d'Amanlis. 
Apples :  I,  Eclinville  Seedling  ;  2,  Lord  SuBield  ; 
3  and  s,  Golden  Noble.— y4.  B.  l  and  2.  Northern 
Greening  :  3,  Yorkshire  Beauty  ;  5,  Yorkshire  Green- 
ing ;  8,  Wyken  Pippin  :  10,  Grange's  Pearmain  ;  11, 
Old  Nonpareil;  12,  Dutch  Mignonne.  — Ci/W/  &■ 
Green.  2,  Dumelow's  Seedling  ;  4,  Downton  Nonpareil ; 
5.  Wyken  Pippin  ;  6,  Beauty  of  Kent  ;  7,  Coe's 
Golden  Drop  ;  8,  Court  of  Wick  ;  10,  Beauty  of 
Kent  :  II,  Grange's  Pearmain  ;  12,  Rymer. — //. 
Noi/e.  I,  Fearn's  Pippin  ;  3,  Pear  'Van  Mons'  Lion 
le  Clerc  ;  4,  Alfriston  ;  5,  Hambledon  Deux-ans  ;  6, 
not  recognised. — G.  i'.  C".  i.  Winter  Nelis  ;  2,  Vicar 
of  Wmktield  :  3  and  4.  Glou  Mor9eau  ;  5,  Beurre 
Diel  :  6,  Duchesse  d'Angoul^me  ;  7,  Bellissinie 
d'Hiver  :  8,  Beurr^  de  Capiaumont. —  W.  Cittbusk 
&'  Son.  Apple :  Keswick  Codlin.  Plum :  White 
Bullace. 

Namks  of  Plants  :  7.  IV.  1,  Dendrobium  occu- 
lalurn  ;  2,  Goniophlebium  appendiculatum  ;  3,  Hyro- 
lepis  tenuifolia  ;  4.  Diplazium  decussatum  ;  5.  Pteris 
trcmuU  ;  6,  Cyrtomium  falcatum  ;  7,  Pteris  flabelUta. 

I.  Polystichum  Lonchites  ;  2.  Polypodium 
is.—E.    Tliomas  should   address   the    Editor 

Publisher.  The  plant  is  Tricyrtis  hirta  — 
W.  R.  K.  One  of  the  Junipers.  We  cannot  tell 
which  without  going  to  a  nursery  to  compare. —  11''. 
Barnes.  I.  Pernetlya  mucronata  ;  2,  Cistus  ladani- 
Icrus  ;  3  and  4.  Taxodium  dislichum.— .-J.  A.  Lilium 
longiflorum. — /.  O.  C.  i.  Cratxgus  punctata  ;  2.  C. 
tanacetifolia  ;  3.  C.  nigra  ;  4.  C.  crusgalli  ;  5.  C.  crus- 
galli  var.  pyracanthifolia.— C.  E.  i.  Rex  ;  2,  Metal- 
lica  ;  3.  Pirzio  ;  4,  Bruanti. —  W.  Miller,  (jnderhy. 
Cycnoches  chlorocheilon. — R.  V.  I,  Zygopetalum 
Gautieri  ;  2,  Lycaste  Skinneri  ;  3.  next  week  ;  4,  Cat- 
-  lleya  luleola  Holfordi  —Red  Berry,  i,  Pinus  Pinaster  ; 
2  and  3,  Lycium  Batbarum  ;  4,  Campanula  pyrami- 
dalis. — Carter  Page  b'  Co.     Trichinium  Manglesii. 

Paradise  Stock:  Amateur.  This  is  a  species  of  Apple 
that  is  used  as  a  stock  for  dwarf  trees  in  pois,  &c. 
It  is  less  enduring  than  the  Doucin,  and  is  propagated 
by  layering  and  cuttings. 

Pear.s  :  P.  T.  One  of  the  two  is  more  russely  and  a 
little  smaller  than  the  other,  but  there  is  no  other 
difference. 

Pelargonium  :  Pcrjshdell.  We  cannot  give  you  the 
information.  Send  a  specimen  to  one  of  the  trade 
growers. 

Pension  List  :  W.  E.  Sometimes  needy  deserving 
persons  are  put  on  the  Charity  list,  if  they  have  been 
connected  with  liorticulture. 

Trees  and  Shrubs  in  Leasehold  Land  :  E.  A. 
These  are  usually  found  and  planted  according  to 
arrangements  between  lessor  and  lessee.  The  law 
book  which  would  give  you  some  information  is  that 
,on  fi.xtures.  As  a  book  on  fruit  growing  get  Profit- 
able Pruit  Parming,  by  Charles  Whitehead,  published 
by  Longman,  Green  &  Co. 

Vegetable  Marrow  :  Enqturcr.  As  this  is  a  Gourd, 
of  wliich  Vegetable  Marrow  is  the  popular  denomina- 
tion of  several  edible  varieties,  we  should  think  that 
showing  them  in  a  collection  of  edible  kinds  would 
not  disqualify. 

"»*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor,"  and  not  to  the  Publisher, 
or  to  any  member  of  the  staff  personally.  The  Editor 
would  also  be  obliged  by  such  communications  being 
written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent  as  early 
in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents  sending 
newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs 
they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 


,u™mo„.^.x, „_.... J. -.Sir    J.     Walri>nd.-W.     S.— 

R.  D.  B.  — F.  C.   H  .  Erfurt.— Delapierre,    Paris— Marshall 


P.  Wilder,  Bo 
fes 


,  jcriurt. —  ueiapierre,  rans — iu- 
M.  Barbey,  Vakyres. -R.  J.  L.- 
or  Macouii,  uu<-iwa. — M.  M.,  Launccslon,  Tasmania. — 
D.,  Botanic  Garden,  Uemetara.— G  N.--G.  Addison— 
H.  N.  Ridley— F.  Mote— .\.  A.— R.  A.  P.— G.  Cannon - 
E.  V.  Larsen-R.  D.— A.  F.  B.— C.  A.  M.  C.-R.  A.  K.— 
1.  F.-H.  D.-S.  J.— T.  K.-A.  -W.  D.- Agnes. -J,  D. 


DIED.  —We  regret  to  announce  the  decease,  on 
October  6,  of  Mrs.  Jane  Murray,  widow  of  Mr.  An- 
drew Murray,  lale  Assistant-Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society. 

We  also  regret  to  hear  of  the  death  of  Madame 

Van  Hulle,  on  October  10,  after  a  short  but  painful 
illness.  Madame  Van  Hulle  was  the  wile  of  Prof.  Van 
Hulle,  of  the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture. 


markets. 

C0VEP7T    GARDE  AT,     Ocloh 


'5- 


[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quot.ilions 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  Ructuale,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  .my  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.   Ed  1 

Trade  Still  quiet,  and  supplies  heavy,  yames  Webber, 
W/wlesale  Apple  Market. 


s 

,/.    J.  d. 

d.   s  d. 

Apples,  per  ;<-sieve 

10-30 

Melons,  each 

06-16 

Damsons,  !4-sieve.. 

30-36 

Peaches,  per  doz.    . . 

30-80 

Figs,  per  dozen 

06-09 

Pine-apples,  Eng.,lb. 

Grapes,  per  Ib- 

06-30 

—  St.  Michael,  each 

26-50 

Keui  Cobs,  loolb. 

4  0-2S  0 

Pears,  per  dozen      . . 

09-13 

Kent  FilberLs,  loo  lb. 

25  0-28  0 

-perj^-sieve      .. 

16-30 

Lemons,  per  case    . . 

5  0-30  0 

Plums,  54  sieve      .. 

16-30 

Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

r.  d.  s.  d. 

Artichokes,       Globe, 

Herbs,  per  bunch  . . 

02-04 

per  dozen  . . 

5  0-  •• 

Horse  Radish,    bun. 

30-40 

Aubergines,  each    . . 

Lettuces.   Cab.,  doz. 

Bean<.,  Hng.,  per  lb. 

0  4-  .. 

Mint,  green,  bunch.. 

04-.. 

—  French,  per  lb... 

0  e-  .. 

M  ushrooms,     basket 

10-16 

Beet,  per  dozen 

10-.. 

Onions,  per  bushel.. 

3  6-  .. 

Brussel  Sprouts,    lb. 

04-.. 

—  Spring,  per  bun. 

0  fr-  .. 

Cabbages,  per  Hoien 

I  6-  J  0. 

Parsley,  per  bunch. . 

04-.. 

Carrots,  per  bunch  . 

Radishes,  per  dozen 

I  0-  2  0 

Cauliflowers,       Kng- 

Small   salading,    per 

lish,  per  dozen     . . 

20-40 

punnet 

04-.. 

Celery,  per  bundle.. 

,  6-  =  6 

Spinach,    per  bushel 

40-.. 

Cucumbers,  e.ich     . . 

04-08 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     .. 

06-09 

Endive,  per  dozen  . . 

2   0-.. 

Turnips,  bunch 

06-.. 

Garlic,  per  lb 

06-.. 

Veget.   Marrs.,  each 

03-.. 

PoTATOS.— Maq 

num  Bonums.  bad  trade,  50J.  to 

3oj. 

Re 

ems,  601.  tg  Zos.  per  ton. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesals  Pri 

cas. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

s.d.  s.d. 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz. 

6  o-i3  0 

Evergreens,   in  van, 

Arbor-vitae  (golden) 

J  er  dozen.. 

6  0-24  0 

per  dozen  . . 

6  0-18  0 

Ficus  elasiica,  each.. 

16-70 

—  (common),    dozen  6  o-ia  o 

Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen 

4  0-18  0 

Arum  Lilie.s,  dozen.. 

9  0-18  0 

Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Begonias, per  dozen 

4    0-I2    0 

ous,  each  . . 

2    0-10    0 

Rouvardia,  dozjn    .. 

12    0-18   0 

Fuchsias,  per  dozen 

60-90 

Chrysanth.,  per  doz 

9  C-18  0 

Marguerite       Dai>y, 

Cyperus,  per  dozen. 

per  dozen  . . 

8  0-12  0 

Dracaena   tcrminalis 

Mj-rtles,  per  dozen.. 

6  0-12  0 

per  dozen  . . 

30  0-60  0 

Palms      in     variety. 

—  viridis,  per  doz. . 

iz  0-24  0 

each 

2   6-21    0 

Erica,  various,  doz. 

9  0-12  0 

Pelargoniums,    scar- 

Euonymus,   in  v.ir. 

let,  per  dozen 

26-90 

per  dozen  . . 

6  a-i8j3 

Cl't  Flowkk 

s.— Average  Whole.sale  Pric 

ES. 

5.  d.  s.  d 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Abutilon,  12  bunche 

20-40 

Marguerites.  12  bun. 

30-60 

Arum  Lilies,  12  blms 

60-80 

Mignonette,  12  bun. 

16-30 

Asters,  la  bunches. 

40-80 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Azalea,  12  sprays  . 

20-.. 

trusses 

06-10 

Bouvardias,  per  bun 

06-10 

—  scarlet,  u  trusses 

04-09 

Camellias,  12  blms. 

40-80 

Rhodanthe,  12    bun. 

6  0-  9  0 

Carnations,  12  blms 

10-30 

Roses  (indoor),  doz 

10-30 

Chrysanth.,  iz  blms 

10-60 

—  12  bunches 

6  0-12  0 

—  12  bunches 

5    0-I2   0 

Stephanotis,  12  spr- . 

5o-.io 

Eucharis    per  doze 

30-60 

Tropffiolum,  12  bun 

10-16 

Gardenias,  12  bloom 

530-60 

Tuberoses,  12  blms. 

09-16 

Lipageria,  white,  i 

Violets,     12    bunches  10-13 

blooms 

20-30 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  buncl 

—  red, '12  blooms    . 

-  Parme,  Fr.,  bun 

4  0-  5  c 

Lil.  longifl.,  12  blms 

60-80 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Okmiston  &  Renwick,  Melrose.  Roxburghshire— 
Conifera;,  Shrubs,  and  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  &c. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons,  "Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester 
— Roses. 

P.  E.  Francken,  Steenbrugge,  Bruges,  Belgium  — 
General  Catalogue  of  Plants,  Trees,  Conifers,  &c. 

Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester— Plant  List. 

Baudriller,  Genues  (Maine-et-Loire),  France  —  Gen- 
eral Catalogue. 

]ames  Cocker  &  Son.s,  Sunnypark  Nursery,  Aberdeen 
— Roses  ;  Wholesale  and  Retail  Catalogues  of  Fruit 
Trees  and  Shrubs  at  Die  Baumschulen  Ver- 
waltung,  Zoschen,  near  Merseburg,  German.y. 

'1".  Warner,  The  Abbey,  Leicester— Fruit  Trees,  Roses. 
Trees  and  Shrubs. 

J.  Cheal  &  Son.s.  Lowfield  Nurseries,  Crawley,  Sussex 
—Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Kosc^,  Forest  Trees,  Rhodo- 
dendrons, &c. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct.  14. — Not  much  business  was  done  on 
to-day's  market.  Good  new  French  red  Clover  seed  is 
now  offering  at  very  moderate  rates.  There  is  no  change 
in  either  Alsike.  white,  or  Trefoil.  Hemp  seed,  being  in 
abundant  supply,  is  cheaper.  For  Canary  seed  the 
demand  keeps  slow.  Winter  Tares  are  in  small  request, 
at  the  late  reduction  in  price.  The  colder  weather  has 
somewhat  hardened  the  value  of  boiling  Peas.  Feeding 
Linseed  is  firm.  John  Shaw ,^  Sons,  Seed  Merchants, 
37,  A/arA  Lane,  Lo/idon,  £.C. 


CORN. 


scarce,  was  firm;  but  inferior  grades  of  the  latter  con- 
tinued dull  and  drooping  in  value.  Beans  advanced 
IS.  to  iJ.  6d.  per  quarter,  and  Peas  6d.  Gals  realised  lull 
rates  to  3^.  advance.  Round  Maize  was  dearer,  and 
flat  corn  steady.— On  Wednesday  trade  in  general  h.id 
a  firm  tone,  but  without  activity.  Engli^h  and  foreign 
Wheats  were  firmly  held,  but  the  demand  was  not  suHi- 
cient  to  establish  any  quotable  advance.  Flour  tended 
against  buyers.  All  spring  corn  was  equally  as  firm  hs 
Wheat,  but  also  very  quiet.  Barley  was  firm,  and 
Maize  dull. — Average  prices  ol  corn  for  the  week  ending 
Oct.  10: — Wheat,  30J.  yd.  ;  Barley,  301.  iid.  ;  Oats, 
iSs.  8d.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — 
Wheat,  32J.  2d.  ;  Barley,  321.  ;  Oats,  igr.  id. 


FRUIT,  ROOTS,  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Ocf.  14.— Good  supplies 
of  fruit  and  vegetables  ;  prices  firm.  Quotations  : — 
Apples,  zs.  to  4J.  per  bushel  ;  Pears,  3s.  to  4s.  6d.  per 
bushel  ;  Cauliflowers,  i.r.  to2r.  per  dozen  ;  bunch  greens, 
4!.  to  5^.  per  dozen  ;  ditto  Turnips,  3^.  to  41^.  per  doz-n  ; 
ditto  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  ss.  per  dozen  ;  ditto  Parsley  .- 
It.  to  I  J.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Cabbages,  4^-.  lo6s.  per  dozen  ; 
EngHsh  Onions,  3V.  to  4^.  per  cwt.  ;  pickhng.  ditto, 
3r.  gd.  to  ifT.  6d.  per  cwt. ;  foreign  Onions,  ^s.  to  y.  6  J. 
per  bag  ;  ditto,  in  boxes,  ys.  to  81.  6/.  per  box  ;  Carrots, 
in  sacks,  30J.  to  50J.  per  ton  ;  Mangels,  22s.  6d.  to  251. 
per  ton. 

Stratford:  O^/.  13.— .^gain  the  supplies  to  this 
market  have  been  good  during  the  past  week,  as  aLo 
the  attendance  of  buyers,  consequently  a  fair  trade  was 
done  at  the  following' quotations  : — Cabbages,  2s.  to 
5J.  per  tally  ;  red  Cabbage,  4/.  to  51.  per  tally  ;  Savoy. 
Sf.  to  8s.  per  tally  ;  greens,  bunch,  2s.  6d.  to  4s.  ptr 
dozen  ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Mangels,  i5(. 
to  20i^.  per  ton  ;  Turnips,  40s.  to  Zos.  per  ton  ;  ditto, 
bunch,  2j.  to  4^.  per  dozen  ;  Apples,  English,  is.  6J.  to 
4J-.  6d.  per  bushel;  Peas,  2J.  6./.  to  3t.  per  bushel  ; 
Onions,  English,  yos.  to  90J.  per  ton  ;  ditto,  pickling, 
90J.  to  looj.  per  ton  ;  ditto,  foreign,  2S-  6d.  to  31,  prr 
bag  ;  Spanish  Onions.  Bs.  6d.  per  case  ;  Carrots  for  catiU*. 
26s.  to  30J.  per  ton  ;  ditto,  household,  405.  to  45J.  per 
ton  ;  ditto,  bunch,  is.  gd.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Cucumbers, 
framed,  31.  per  dozen  ;  Beans,  22s.  to  ■28s.  per  quarter  ; 
Peas,  28s.  to  35.f.  per  quarter. 


CATTLE. 

At  Copenhagen  Fields  on  Monday  the  general  trade 
varied  but  slightly  from  Monday  se'nnight.  Quite  an 
inconsiderable  number  of  best  cattle  and  sheep  was 
picked  out  at  rather  more  money,  but  apart  from  that 
prices  remained  where  they  were  before.  Quotations  :-- 
Beasts,  ^s.  6d.  to  4s.  ^d. ,  and  4^.  8(/.  to  5J.  2d.  ;  calves, 
English,  4s.  4d.  to  4s.  Bd.  ;  Irish,  2s.  to  2s.  4*/ ;  sheep, 
31.  8(/.  lo4J^.  2d.,  and  4s. Bd.  to  5J.  4d.;p\gs,  4^.  104s.  Bd. 

Oct.  15  — Trade  is  dull  in  tone.  Supplies  of  beasts 
and  sheep  were  about  the  average  tor  Thur-day,  and 
with  a  slow  demand  prices  were  weak.  Fine  calves 
were  steady  ;  other  kinds  dull,  and  pigs  quiet,  but  firm 
for  small  breeds. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Oct.  13.— Trade  very  dull,  with 
short  supplies.  Clover,  prime,  Bos.  to  107J.  ;  inferior. 
6of.  10751.  Hay,  prime,  651.  to  921.;  interior,  36J.  to 
6o.f.     Straw.  28J.  to  38^.  per  load. 

Oct.  15. — There  was  a  short  supply  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  quiet,  at  late  rates. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Oct.  13, — A  fair 
supply.  The  favourable  weather  caused  a  slightly 
increased  demand  at  the  following  prices  :— Clover,  best, 
9SJ.  to  io2r.  6/.  ;  second,  6oj.  to  90J.  Hay,  best,  751. 
to  8ys.  6d.  ;  second,  50J.  to  70^.  Straw,  305,  to  36J.  per 
load, 

STp\TFORD :  Oct.  13. — Clover,  751.  to  loor.;  and 
meadow  hay,  Bos.  to  90^.  per  load. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Oct.  13. — Markets 
still  slack.  Best  samples  move  off  in  small  quantities  at 
steady  value,  but  all  other  grades  are  a  dull  and  difficult 
sale  at  irregular  prices.  Regents,  60s.  to  8oj.  ;  Magnum 
Bonums,  50^.  to  6or.  ;  Early  Roses,  yos.  to  8oj.  ; 
Hebrons,  looi^.  to  iioj.  per  ton, 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Oct^  14. — Demand  for 
Potatos  better.  Beauty  Hebrons,  yos.  to  8oj.  ;  Reading 
Heros,  60s.  to  Bos.  ;  Early  Roses,  60s.  to  65J.  ;  Cham- 
pions, 45.(.  to  50i.  ;  Victorias,  ^os.  to  6$s.  ;  Regents,  55J. 
to  yos.  ;  and  Magnums,  50J.  to  Bos.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  13. — Magnums,  451.  to  60s.  \ 
Regents,  50^.  to  6oj-.  ;  and  Champions,  4$s.  to  555.  per 
ton. 

Imports. — The  impoi^ls  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  1828  bags  from  Hamburg,  50  from  Boulogne, 
and  2  bags  from  Rotterdam. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  : — Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  14J.  gd, ;  Walls 
End — Tyne  (unscreened),  lis.  ^d.  ;  Lambton,  iBs.; 
Wear,  16s.  6d.;  Binchester,  i6j.  6d  ;  South  Durham 
Tees,  i6j.  6d.  ;  Helton,  iBs.  6d.;  Hetton  Lyons,  i6j.  6d. 


At  Mark  Lane  on  Monday  prices  of  both  English  and 
imported  Wheats  ruled  quite  6d.  higher,  whilst  on  some 
descriptions  a  larger  advance  was  obtained.  Grinding 
Dailey  held  its  value  steadily,  and  fine  malting,  being 


Qovernment  Stock. —Consols  closed  on  T\fonday 
and  Tuesday  at  too^\  to  looj^  -for  both  delivery  and 
account.  Wednesday's  prices  were  100  to  ioo|  for  both 
transactions.  The  final  quotations  of  Thursday  were 
similar  to  those  of  Monday  and  Tuesday. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


507 


w 


To  Seed  Merchants. 
ANTED,        OFFERS         FOR 

ISO  Bushels  of  WILLIAM  I   PEAS. 
75         ,,  RINGLEADER. 

25         ,.  DAY'S  EARLY  SUNRISE. 


applit 


Hei 


Court,   Pembridge, 


PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Laie 
White  Broccoli  ever  offered,  produciog  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
while  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See  fol- 
lowing extract  :  — 

From  ihe  Caraiuers  Chrcnicle  and  Agncultural  Gaz:tte, 
London  :—"  Monster  Broccoli. — A  few  days  ^ince,  Mr.  C. 
Kessell.  of  The  Coanbe.  Penzince,  who  has  bien  a  Broccc  h 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Northern  Maikets.cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  together 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  the  smelting-hou^e  hid  10 
be  (ailed  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the  weight  of  ihe  plints." 

Retail  price,  zs.  td.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSmN  SERPELl,  21,  Cornwall  Street.  Plymomh. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  26s 

rJICHARU  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
V  above  cnniains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assott- 
ment  of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
worlt,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixiy-four  pages  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4J.  fid.  per  bushel  (i6  cakes),  6*/.  per  bushel  package  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,   u.  -^d.     Trade  supplied 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

\d.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25J  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

4oi.  :  4.bushel  bags,  4*/.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT.   5J.   td.    p«    sack; 

5  sacks  25^.  ;  sacks,  4^/.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  221.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  u.  <)i.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  26f   per  ton  in  2-bushel  ba?s,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  ta  the  Royal  Gardens. 

FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4bushtl  Bags, 
IS.  each  :  30  for  255.— bags  included  :  2-tnn  Truck,  (ree  on  Rail, 
251.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  si.  per 
.'•ack  ;  5  lor  221.  M.  :  10  (^r  ,5!.  ;  io  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6d.  per  Sack:  5  fr>r  20»  :  10  for  30J. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  is.  6d.  per  Bushel;  r4!.  per 
'A  Ton  ;  25J.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITfi  lOBACCO  PAPEK, 
ica'.  perlb.;  281b.,  21J.;  cwt  ,  701.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  Sd.  per  lb  ;  28  lb.  (or  i8s.  LE\F-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  4s,  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31,  per  S.ck.  CHARCOAL,  is.  6d.  pjr 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  td.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM. 
&c.'    LIST  Free.     Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Ezcbange  Warebouses, 
Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Prodiiclive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,  1 

J)            i)  ^ 

»»            11  "^ 

Or  In  Bags,  i  cwt.  12 

i    „  20 

1    „  37 


d. 

0  each. 

6    „ 

0    „ 

0  per  Bag. 

0       „ 

6       „ 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  bein- powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 

WIIiLIASI     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,   by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  fresh  only.  rj.  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  12J.  ;  30  bags. 
22S  .  sent  to  all  pans  :  trucks,  2«..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM.— A.  FOULON.  32,  St.  Mary  Axe.  London.  EC. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  13  Stamps. 

Ij^'IBROU.'i  I'KAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
.  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  lor  Orchids, 
StovePlants,&c.,i;6  6j,perTruck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
tor  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Hag,  51.  ;  s  B-igs,  22J.  dd.  ;  10  Bags, 
4SJ,  Bag*  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  (id.  per  Bag  , 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine,  S2S  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough   Station.  Hams. 

PEAT. — Superior  Black  or  Brown  Fibrous 
PEAT,  for  Rhododenrons,  Azaleas,  &c,,  as  supplied  to 
Messrs.  J.  Waterer  and  other  noted  growers.  Six  tons,  loaded 
on  trucks  at  Camberley  Station,  S.W.  R.,  C\  V- 

Mr.  W.  TARRY,  'Golden  Farmer,"  Farnborough  Station. 

TDEAT. — 1000  cubic   yards  of  excellent  Peat, 

J-       6j.  per  cubic   yard,  on  rail ;  from  10  to  20  yards  in  a 
truck.     Special  low  rates  to  all  parts. 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 

OCOA-NUT     FIBRE    R E FUSE  :    newly 

made.  The  same  as  suppbed  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2jj  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14J.  :  forty,  251.,  tacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.— J.  STEVENS  AND  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,  '  and  rs5.  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  ^^ 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Ti'ade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure. 

MANUF.ICTURED    SOLELY  AT    CLOIENLOR DS. 


Two  Pki, 


Me 


.  per  bush,   sacks  included). 


QuaUty.  THE  BEST  In  tbe  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAL,  best  br(\*n  fibrous    ..   4r.  fid.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  zoj. 

PEAT,  be^t  black  fibrous     ..  ^s.  6d.         „         5  sacks  (or  isr. 

PEAT,  exlia  selected  Orchid    is.Cd,  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ~i 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (. 

LEAF  MOULD,  bestonly  ..     1 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ts.  3^.  per  bush.,  tai.  half  ton,  221.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     Sa'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.  (Spe'cialile)    Srf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21,  per  bush,,  6j.  per  sack, 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.. ; 
30  sacks,  25r;  40  sacks,  30s.  1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2r.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FEERY  ROAD.  MILWALL.  LONDON.  E. 

C:i  ISHLTrST  compound,  used  by  leading 
T  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Ked  Spider.  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fiy,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  ai  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  calfe  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  35.,  and  10s.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  u.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

FOR  SALE,  "LE  JARDIN  FRuTtIER 
DU  MUSEUM."  a  Valuable  Work,  by  the  French 
Government.  1861,  in  Eight  Volumes,  handsomely  bound,  con- 
taining hundreds  of  splendidly  coloured  natural-size  Illus- 
trations, Descriptions.  Sj  nonyms,  &c.     Apply  to 

ORCHARDIST,  Carr/^irrj' C-irnarV/f  Office,  4t,  Will  ngton 
Street,  Strand,  W.C 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

w. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,      W.C. 

Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"     for 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


1885. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Oflace  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    united    kingdom  :  —  12  Months,  £1  3s.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  iid.  ;    3  Months,  6^.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  2d. 

P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS     I  o^tVisss 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMONn."  ' . — 


5o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[OCIOBER    17,     I8S5. 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS    ROYAL   HIGHNESS   THE   PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15  COD   OP   7HK    NOBILITV.    GeNTRV,    AND   CuERCiV. 

Is  exleniivelv  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Oc/.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations 

Non- Poisonous  Paints  for  Insirie  Work,  Conservatories,  &c 
Friccs,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-'rec. 


C  A  R  S  O  N'S, 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 
LONDON,  EC.  : 
31  andj2.  BACHELOR'S  WALK,  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cask, 


ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING— PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERV  WALL  TRELLIS-WIRE 
TRELI.ISI-S  Ut  CREEPERS-TRKLLISED  ARCADES 
-ROSEKIES-'CREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RiVRBIT-  PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &C  

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICUL'lUR.^L    IRON  and   WIRE    WORKS, 
Ttie  Plieasant.ry,  Beaufort  Scieet,  Chelsea.  S  W. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 


Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


CATALOGUE   Free.      PUase  name  lliis  /«/« 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA    WORKS,      WOLVERHAMPTON  ; 

And  I!)  ai.d  14',  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironivoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Reiisttred  Trade  ifark) 


H 


This  VARNISH 


for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  wotk,  while  ii  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  ihe  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fuiiy  attested  by  its  constantly  increasioE  s^ale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u^ed  cold.  Ic  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobiliiy  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  tesiiraoniils  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  at 
at  the  Manufactory,  1 
Station  in  the  Kingdoi 


"  Pierceftela  Park,  J, 
forwarfied  from  Chepstow 
to  be  filled  and  returned 
had,  which  I  candidly  adn 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepsi 
tpecifully.  Wm.  Cox  '■ 

CA  UTION.-Hii^i.  &  Smtth  would  particularly 
Cust'mers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  no 


Testimonial. 

t,  1876. — Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
lur  adoress  a  black  varnish  cask, 
as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
s  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
.,  Sirs,  yours  re- 


ad v 


1  their 
much 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwaids  of  thirty  years  : 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Kvery  ca-'k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

l^r^e  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Eni'tvnce  Gaies.  &c,,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Virtoria  Street,  U)n(luu,  E.C  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


TO    THE    TRADE. 


C0RRY,80PER,  FOWLER  &  CO. 

DRIED     FLOWERS, 

COLOURED   GRASSES  and  BOUQUETS, 

PAMPAS         PLUMES, 

BULRUSHES,     PALMS, 

WREATHS     and      CROSSES 

(-n  Dned  Flowers,  Metal,  and  Porcelain,  in  great  vanetj),  also 

WREATH  and  CROSS  CASES, 

in    all   tlie    New    Patterns. 

An   Impcction  Solicited. 


13,    FINSBURY    STREET, 

LONDONT,     EC. 
COVERED    SHED3    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Depanment  with  the  late-t  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

al  extremely  moderate  prices. 


Full  pirt'Culats  may  be  had  on  aopHpation  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 
Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LAISELS. 


J. 


The  abr>ve  Labels  are  made  of  a  White  Metal,  with 


I'h':  Gardeners' flla^azinf  says: — "We  must  give  these  the 
palm  betoie  all  oiher  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Li^ts  free. 
J.  SMITH.  The  Royal  Ubel  Faciorv,  Siratford-nn-Avon. 

PURE    WOOD    CHARCOAL 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


Numerous  Medals, 


NORTH  OF  ENGLAND         ^\^     ^  - 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  ^^.piO 

DARLINGTON 


CATALOGUE 
free. 


<€LASSf!OUSESSc»EAT-ING: 


B.W.WA-RWU.-RST 


LsiA,  bbaotokt  sxat^T,  uhelsea,  s.w. 
^^  ~    -  -  -    — ~  - 


w 

E^ 


FOR    SALE,  a  PEACH     RANGE, 
go  feet  by   12  fee»  6  inches,    and    ji  feet  high,    with 
Fruit  Trees  and  Piping,  in  three  compartments.    Apply, 
L,  P.  EDWARDS,  Crosby  Ourt,  Northallerton. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  tn  100  and  200  feel  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock- 

.\  large  Slock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  G'aiscs,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glais  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Johns  street.  West  Smlthfield,  London,  E  C. 

Slack  List  an^l  Prrces  pn  af'ltticatunt.     Q  jote  Lhrontcte. 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  ihd.  per  foot,  in 
bixes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Con-erva^ories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Gicenhouses,  6^. 
per  lb,  or  421.  percvl.  — B.  LAMB  A.ND  CO.  Glass,  Leid, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builder.;,  and  Decoratois,  Sua- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Stieel.  London,  W  C.  


Kosher  s  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


fT^i;M 


11/™'*™*%.* 


m^ 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made     in     maleiials    of     great     durability.       The 

suited  for  K  1  T  C  H  E  N 

GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 

Slugs  or   Insects, 


take 


little 


KOSHER 


further  labour  or  expense, 
s  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  ArtihcUl  Stone, 
ipeiior  finish,  and  111  great  variety  of  dehign, 
D  CO,  Manufaclurtrs.  Upper  Ground 
.Mreei,  B  acKliiars.  S.E.  ;  Kii.g'.  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsiand  Road,  E. 

Agent,  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"   FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVER^.    and    PROPAGATING    KOXES      aKo 

for    FiiXLEY'S    PATE.NT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

lllu  .trated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pat'ern  Sheet  of  Pla.u  or 
more  elab"raie  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection, 

WHIIE    GL.AZltD    TII.ES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  BAihs.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Smble 

Paving  01  great  dorabiiity.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  T  lei 

of  all  kinds.     R(«Dfinii  'lilts  in  greai  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  KOSHER  AN.<  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

Ste  Addresses  above. 


s 


ILVER  SAND, 

ine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
Truckload,  on   \vhatf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station,     Sample,  of  Sand  tree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F;  KOSHER  AND  CO.-AHJresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Ordeis  promptly  executed  bv  Rail  or  to  Whaives. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta       Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  Sio. 

Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  lotiger  for  about 

!(/, ,    without    attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 

Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's — 

THOMAS    BOBEBTS, 

112,  'Victoria  Street,  Westminstpr.  S.W, 


4-mch  EXPANSION- JOINT  HOT-WATEB 

PIPES,  IS.  5</.  per  yard;  vi-ch  and 
2-inch  less,  Common  SOCKET  kinds, 
Large  stock  kept,  COIL,  KIN>BURY, 
and  ECONOMIC  BOILERS,  &c. 

Illustratrated    LI.STS  and  Piices,   a'so 

Estimates  to  Plan  free, 

HENRY  ROBINSON,  Stewkins  Pipe  Works,  Stourbridge. 

August   24.    i88^.  — Burton-on-l  rent  customer  slates,    "Ihe 

boiler  and  httings  I  got  from  you  three  or  four  )ears  ago  have 

answered  w.U." 

Another  says  ;— "  Kindly  send  me  an  estimate  for  small  Heat- 
ing Apparatus  of  same  kind  as  the  three  ahcady  supphed  to  me." 
Liltleover.  Deiby,  August  25.  1S85 

WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "Endless-Flame-Impact" 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

Medal  at  Philadelphia  U.S.  International  E.xhibitv  n. 
Medal  at  Christiania  Exhibition,  Noncay. 
Medal  at  Alccandra  Palace  International,  London. 
Highest  Award  at  Carlnle  International  E.xhibition,  for 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

Admitted  by  the  entiie  Trade,  a'ter  punlic  and  formrl 
challenges,  to  be  the  MOST  ECONOMlCAi.  OF  fuel,  the  "OST 
POWERFUL,  the  SIMPLEST,  and  the  cheapest  Hot-wate^  Boiler 
in  the  Market. 

Prices  greatly  reduced.  Our  new  nett  Price  I  'st,  giving  full 
deuils,  wdl  be  handed  to  all  on  application.     Over  500  in  use. 

WRIGHT'S  BOILER  CO.,  Boiler  Works,  Airdrie,  N,E. 


October  i?,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


509 


M 

cnly  s 

MA 

Ccvei 

J. 


Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Mercbants. 
ATS    and    KAFFIA   FIBRE    supplied  at 

luwerrrices  ih^n  ai.y  tlhtr  h  nise.  1  he  Trade  and  Dealers 
iippli.d,  Fol  Whol.sale  Pnces.  apply  to  ihe  Imporlers. 
KkNUAZ  AND  KISHIR.  7,  8,  aid  9,  James  Street, 
It  Garden.  W  i:. 

Raffla  Fibre. 
BLACKBURN  and  SONS  have  a  large 

Scocl',  and  are  ulT^-rin^  at  reduced  price:.  Samples  atd 
I  Uis  at      4  and  5,  Wormwood  Stieet.  E  C. 


tlusslan  Mats. 
T     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  are  offering 

f  ■  •  ARCHANGEL  MAIS  at  a  lower  rate  than  (or  several 
\c.s  lor  present  orders,  Al.o  PEl  ERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAI'  BAGS.     Price  and  samp'es  on  applicali 


and  5,  Wo 


,  Loi  don.  E.C. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Wont,   Manuies,  itc.      Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


(  ( 


THK         "SPHINX 

CIRCULATING  COPPER  BOILER, 

FOR     HIZATING     CONSERVATORIES,     GREENHOUSES,     &c. 


*-, 


«;i   _ 


S-in.  diam.  t^lifat    30  f-.  of  2-;n  pipe.  £3    0  0 

9-iri.      ,,      to  hear,  100  ft.  of  2-in.  pipe,  £3  15  0 

lO-m.      ,,      to  heat  150  fo.  of  2-iD.  pipe,  £4  10  0 

12-i'i.      ,,      to  heat  250  ft.  of  2-ia.  pipe,  £5  15  0 

This  is  the  most  economical  Boiler  known  for  heat- 
mjj  water  by  gas.  The  interior  consists  of  corrugated 
discs,  so  arranged  that  in  the  smallest  size  there  are 
nearly  Soo  inches  of  heating  surface.  It  will  maintain 
200  degrees  in  20  feet  of  3-inch  pipe,  with  7  feet  of 
gas  per  hour. 


t\  int  anolhf  r  Sphir 
soi_lci^tdhehisr< 


TE:TIM0NIAI, 

supplied  last  |anu3ry. 


The  Gentleman  uhose  Conservatory  1  heated 
'— H.  France,  Ad.iiigtonRoad.  Ctwyd^n. 


HOKTICULTURAL  STRDCTOEES  of  EVERY  DESCKIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES.  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


li 


HOT- WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CUORCHES,   SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,      INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON,  NOTTS, 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  appUca  ion.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  Is.  each. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS, 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  ''  Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  iSs.  ;    with  GaWanised  Body, 


Barro«s  forvcardtd.  C-r 
receipt  of  Cheq 

BBIERLKY     & 


cdallc 

age  P.t'd.  10  aiy  part  o'  England  on 
cur  Poslal  LlrOer,  payibe  lo 

SON.     BlKMlNGHAWr. 


Fawkes' Slow  Combustion  ^ 

HEATING    APPARATUS 

Mjit  cffic  till  and  cheiptit  in  c\nt,i!,i 

Reqmrts  no  sunk   -ul    h  le  ,    » iM  Ls 

li^hi    wnhout    adenlion  ,     wi  1    burn    hiuse 

c-nders  ;    costs  nothing  for  fuel .    la  a  tenant  s 

strvant'can  sioke  It     Price  of  Boiler  to  heat    — 

65  feet  4-lncU  Pipe        £2  10s 

110  feet  4  inch  Pipe        £3  153 

200  feet  4  ini,Ii  Pipe       £3  73  64 

Completa  Appal  atua    wltti  2  rows  of 

4-mcli  Pipe,  from  £4  12a   6d 


The 


appal 


paruculars  and  prices  ot 
post-free   Tte^only  slow 
o<ihekin-1. 
Bcwiire  of  incomplete  inel  cient 
mil,  h  J< ;//  iiol  Inst  a'l  n. 


Teslimo 

"  I  hav< 

your  Slow 


want    but    htlle 


Ckeitnutt,     Fg- 
ham      H  til. 


CROMPTON  &  FAWKES,    Chelmsford. 


The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Keduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heatine. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     riTTINaS 

of  every  descnption  for  Heating  Ai  i_       us 
1H1     IAR(,ES1     SlllLK    IN    THL    kIM   [IQM 


HIGH   and  IDW  PRFS   URF  and  HClTAlR  HEATING 
MMARtlUS  ERELIFDatd  GUARANTEED 

FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffjrdshire. 


W 


CROMPTON  (Si  FAWKES 

(late  T.  H.  P   Dennis  &  Co  ), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office  :  Mansion  House 

Bulldtugs. 

,1  Builders  io  Wood 


tf'Tf    ^'^'  Workmanship  ard  Materials. 
■f'-tyi  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


5IO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


{October  17,  1885. 


THE  GARDENERS^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Litu  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

1 

0 

15  L 

ines...;/;o     8 

5 

„    ...   0 

^ 

6 

16 

„     ...    o     9 

fi 

„    ...   0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ...    o     9 

7 

„    ...   0 

4 

6 

18 

„       ...      O     lO 

8 

„    ...   0 

S 

0 

19 

„       ...     O     lO 

9 

„    ...   0 

s 

6 

20 

„        ...      O     II 

10 

„    ...   0 

6 

0 

21 

„        ...      O     II 

11 

„    ...    0 

6 

6 

22 

„       ...     O     12 

12 

„    ...    0 

7 

0 

23 

„      ...     O    12 

13 

))    ••■    ° 

7 

6 

24 

„     ...    o   13 

14 

„    ...    0 

8 

0 

25 

°   '3 

AND   SIXPENCE 

FOR  KV 

ERV    ADDI 

TIONAL    LINE. 

If 

set  across  colum 

DS,  the 

lowest  charee  will  be  30J. 

Page 

.£900 

Half  Page  .. 

.500 

Column 

•     3     5     0 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additioual  lioe 
{about  9  words)  or  pan  of  a  line. 

THEStt   ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST    BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autJwrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current   week   must  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  tioon 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  in  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  i,\   3s,  lOd. 

6  Months,  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign   (excepting    India  and    China);    includmc    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months;    India  and  China,  £1  8s.  2d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be   made  payable   at    DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Phblishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  oue  with  a  garden  should 
[jossess  one.  The  sashes  turn  tight  over  oi,e  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted:  — 

6  leet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    i,2  15    o 
12  feet  long.  4  feet  wide.         „  „         i.  4  I5     o 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wiae,        „         ..        ,1         3150 
12  feet  long.  5  feet  wide,        ..         ••  ,     •.         6100 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  iiL 

B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineer 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,    MIDnLETON, 
MANCHESTER. 

W.    H.    LASCELLE8    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON.    E.C. 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
SPAN-ROOF  GREENHOUSE. 


W  H  LASCELLES  Ar.L.  ^w  «...  g..^  ^=.....-.;..  - 
every  desciiption  of  HOKI ICULTURAL  ^^OI^K  free  of 
chartje  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necesbati 

LASCELLES  NEW  ROCk\\ORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings.  Greenhouies,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-lree  en  application. 

GOLD   MEDAL   AWARDED 

from  tbe  International  Exhibition,  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

for  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 


ESTIMATES.— The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING  COM- 
PLETE,  by  out  own  men.  wiihin  15  miles  of  London  Bridge, 
including  building  dwarf  wall  z  feet  6  inches  high  in  9-inch 
brickwork  all  round,  and  erecting,  painting,  and  glazing  green- 
house in  the  best  style. 

HEATING  APPARATUS— Thisconsi^tsofa  Loughborough 
Hot-water  Apparatus,  complete  wuh  syphon,  flue-pipe,  and  a 
double  row  of  4  inch  pipe  along  one  side  of  ihe  hou-es  under 


12  feet  wide  one 

side  and  o 

ne  end  of  houses  1 1 

fee 

to  i6  feet  wide 

and  bolh  sides 

and  one  end  of  hou 

ses  above 

his 

widlh,  all  fixed 

tested,  painted 

and  left  1 

1  proper 

working  order 

Price  of 

Heating 

Length. 

Widlh 

House. 

.\pparatus. 

lift.     .. 

.      8  ft. 

l-^a    o 

•  •       £•,  15 

.5  ft.     .. 

.       9  It. 

£^o    o 

..        a     5 

20  ft.     .. 

U^    lO 

..       £a  15 

.iSft.     .. 

.     .5  ft. 

Isi    o 

..      £.0  ,5 

30  ft.     . . 

.1. 

£.1^    o 

..     £i^     5 

35  ft.     .. 

.     i6     . 

£S9  to 

..     £'i     5 

£i,i    o 

..     Z-'i     o 

50  ft.     . . 

£ri6  to 

..     .1.16  .o 

60  ft.     . . 

.     soft. 

£«,'i    o 

..     ^'9     o 

LEAN-TO    GREENHOUSE, 

As  above,  but  with  Hot-water  Pipes  from  end  to  end 
only,  in  all  sizes. 

Price  of  Healing 

Length.  Width.  House.  Apparatus. 

loft 6  ft £ig  lo     ..      ..       £55 

12  ft 8  ft £23  10     ..     ..       £i  15 

15 't loft /'9  10     ••      ■•       £''     5 

20ft nft £to    o     ..      ..       £6  IS 

25  ft 12  ft      ..     ..       £si     o     ..      ..       £7  10 

30  ft 13  ft £66    o     ..      ..       £i  10 

35  ft Mfl ^83     o     ..      ..     /lO  10 

<oft 15  ft ;£■"    o     ..     ..     £11     5 

PROPORTIONATE  PRICES  FOR  OTHER  SIZES,  AND 
ERECTED  I.^  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY, 
FREE  OK  CHAKGF.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waned  upjn 
at  their  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  for 
Constrvalories,  Greenhouses,  and  Horticultural  Buildings  of 
every  description  PREPARED  AND  FURNISHED  FREE. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Greenhouses, 
&c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE  ON 
APPLICATION.  

DEANE  &  CO , 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^Sue"^™" "■ ;  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 


and  I 


nderful 


DISCOVERY. 
Cures  perfectly,  without 
n  -dicine,  all  such  diseases 
as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
C  3ugh,  Influenza,  Hay- 
tever,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

23.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  direclions  for  use. 
Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  sent  direct  (where  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  wholesale  depot. 
Address— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    EASTVILLE,    BRISTOL. 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKIES 

UX/SH   and   SCOTCHl 
"Jury  "  Whiskey.  5  vears  old,  31-  6.^.  bottle  ;  425.  dozen. 
"  Special  Jury  "  W  hiskey,  7  years  old,  4s.  bottle  ;  48t.  dozen. 
,,  «         J    T         .>■,!■•,        (13  years  old,  5J.  bottle  ;    60s.  doz. 

■■  Grand  Jury    ^\  niskeyj  ^  J^„s  ^^^  g^.  b.ttle  ;  72s.  doz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  the  excellence  of  hii  Whiskies  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  uiKin  a  samjle  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  [art  of  the  United  Kingdom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    J  U  R  If ,    Belfast. 

RS.     LOUDON'S    LADIES'    COM- 

P.\NION  to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  7i. 

London  ;  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO.,  Bouvcrie 
Street.  E.C. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'AKBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAl- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Bt  RVE- 
NitH,  F.  PA^^■AERT,  E.  RoDicAS,  and  H.  J.  van  Hullf,, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  loj.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  G.ardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a   Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  ■tniliv  itv  purpose' for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwari.1  i n l'  i-  -m-  r,  \  ,],ii,  n-;,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  adtli'  ,     ,  '  ,  unties 

Herald  Office,  Birmingham."    The    i.  .  Herald 

alw.iys   contains  large  numbers  of  .ii!^'  li;     !      lulaiing    lo 

Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  .im!  ik  W  Lot. 

E)EVUE  de  I'HORTICULTUKE  BELGE 
t  et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  .and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre',  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich.  F.  Cre'p  n, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  t  . 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kicks,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveii.-, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A,  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  j.  van  VoTxem,  H.  I.  Veitch,  A.  We-I- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

'Ihis  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
14s..  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  .— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engr.-,ved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.     THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia.  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6d.  ;  Stamped,  ^d. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wale' 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Ne\vsp.apcr  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Comhill.  E.C. 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,   Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.   Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.   Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Mes-srs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  iS6,  Strand. 

P.RisToi.    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 
James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 
IH....    Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

W.    Porteous    &    Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

Copies  of  each  Journal  are  flea  at  Ihe 
I  above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


October  17,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


511 


The  Ladies'  Gazette  of  Fashion  for  Sept..  1885,  says  :—  '  Fo 
roiness,  durabil.ty,  andapfeiiance.  we  can  most  strongly  re 
;oir.merdlhern   .  .  .  They  combine  every  ft  a'u  e  of  exc<  I  ence. 

For  the  Autumn  and  Winter.   Warm  and  Durable. 

DEVONSHIRE  SERGE 

SAILOR  SUITS. 

viz.,  Blouse,  Knukerbockers, 
Singlet,  Collar,  Badge,  Lar.y  ud, 
and     Whistle,     strong     quality, 

from  7s.,  Carriage  Paid. 
Fit  and  satisfaction  guaranteed, 
.or  money  returned. 
Girls'  Naval  Costumes  *ame 
price  as  Boys'. 
Also  GalaKa  and  Jersey  Suits 
Costumes,    ladies'    Dress 
Serpes,  Cashmeres,  Velveteens, 
and  Undcrcloihing,  direct  from 
■  ur  factoties  at  astcn'shing  low  — "^ 
price,  WiiieforlllustratedLisis. 
P.iit.yjis  a>u{  Metsurement  Forms  fiostfre 

The  Midland  Manufacturing    Company,   Dudley, 

Fl«ase  niL-ntion  this  paper. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  NURSERY 
FOREMAN  to  produce  Cut  Floweis  and  FruiL— 
Address,  stating  wages  aud  all  particulars,  to  A.  B.,  Queea 
Street,  Exeter. 

WANTED,  by  a  Florist  who  has  got  a 
considerable  amount  of  glass,  an  active  MAN,  vho 
has  a  thu.uugh  knowledge  of  Growing  Flowers  f.r  Market, 
and  who  could  also  take  the  Management  of  Fruit  and 
VeBelables.-B   H.  M.,  ;,5,  Norfolk  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  for  Conservatory 
and  to  assist  ni  the  Orchid  and  Fruit  Houses.  Wages 
lis.  per  week  and  bothy,  to  commence  with.— HEAD  GAR- 
DEmER,  Arnot  Hill.  Arnold,  Notts. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  HAND  quick  at 
Watering  and  Potting,  with  a  g-od  knowledge  of  (grow- 
ing Cltl  Ferns  for  Market  ;  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers  also  Grown 
extensively  :  under  3  Foreman, — Send  particulars  and  references 
to  MARSHALL  BROS,  and  CO..  Barnham  Junction,  Bognor. 

AN tTd,    two    energetic    MEN,    in    a 

Market  Nursery.      Must  be  well  up  to  their  Business. 

0  commence  at  2oi.  per  week —GEO.  POULTON, 

1  Nursery,  Angel  Road,  Edmonton. 

WANTED,  by  a  Gentleman  settling  on  a 
Farm  near  Tunis,  a  MAN  underslanding  practical 
Agriculture  and  Gardening.  Must  be  young,  active,  and  well 
educated.— Apply  by  letter  to  T.  BOURKE,  Ranger's  Lodge, 
Greenwich,  Kent. 


WANT    PLACES. 


w 


ages 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  jnade  payable 
it  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negoticUing  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirbg  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  irustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Gardeners.  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters, 
TAMES   DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton" 

'  '  Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

fpo     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c,— A, 

L      MclNTVRB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared, 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

O  I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

^v  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
n».,  M,,,e„;^s_  Worcester. 


particulars,  &c.-St.  John's  Nurs 

C;jARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 
,"  arc  kept.— A  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  any  one  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man. — 
A.  A.  D,,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

(:<ARDENER    (HEAD),-Age    42,    married, 

>-■  thiee  children;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  bianches, 
Land  .Qd  Stock,  Good  Manager.  Sixteen  years'  character 
il^tfo?d'i"^'°^""~-''    ^'^ULTON.    i8a.    Home    Gardens, 


/^ARDENER  (Head),  where  not  less  than 

V^  two  are  kept.  — Single  at  present;  thorough  knowledge 
of  Stove,  Greenhouse,  and  Fruit,  and  all  Outdoors.  Highest 
re'"erences  obtainable.  Upwards  of  four  years  in  la  t,  and  ten  in 
former  place.— C.  C,  Underwood  Thuisley,  Godalming.  Surrey 


/:iARDENER  (Head);    age  31,  married.— 

VJ  Wm  Humphrevs,  son  of  the  Head  Gardener  lo  the  EatI 
and  Countesi  of  Hardwicke,  Wimpale  Hall,  Royston,  desires 
to  engjee  with  any  NoLleman  or  Gentleman  who  is  requiring 
the  service  of  a  thorough  practical  man.  Will  be  highly  recom- 
mended by  ihe  above  Nobleman. 

GA  R  D  E^E  rT  (Head);  age  40.— 
Mr.  Howard,  of  Greystoke,  can  thoroughly  recom- 
mend hs  Head  Gardener,  who  has  been  twelve  years  in  his 
s-ervice,  at.d  is  now  leaving  at  his  own  desire.  Disengaged 
October  a'i.  —  C.  MlCKLEWRIGHT,  Greystuke  Castle 
Gardens,   Penrith. 

GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  49, 
no  family  ;  thorough  practical  experience  in  all  branches 
of  the  profe.sion.  Land  and  Slock  if  required.  Excellent 
character.— J.  L.,  12,  Heitha  Road,  Greet,  Birmingham. 

GARDINER  (Head  Working).— Age  2S, 
single  ;  thirteen  years'  f.vpericnce,  ULderstands  Stove, 
Greenhouse.  Vmes,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Bees,  &c.— H.  P., 
Windmill  Hill,  Sudbury.  Suff.3lk. 


GARDENER  (Head  WORKING).— Age  30; 
fourteen  years*  experience.  Practical  knowledge  of 
Fruit  and  Plant  Houses,  Eaily  and  Late  Forcing,  Kitchen  and 
Pleasure  Grounds.  Sixteen  months  as  Foreman  in  present 
situition.  —  J.  HUGHEj,  The  Gardens,  Brocklesby  Patk, 
Ulceby,  Lincolnshire. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  more  are  kepi. —Age  33,  married;  sixteen 
years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  in  good  establish- 
ments. The  Culture  of  Fruit  under  Glass,  and  all  Hardy 
Fruit  made  a  specialty.- G.  T..  1,  Vmeyard  Cottages,  Rich- 
mond, Surrey.  ei 


GARDENER  (Head  Wi)R<CING)  ;  Scotch.— 
Age  32,  no  family  ;  eighteen  ye  ;>' practical  experience 
in  all  blanches  of  the  profession  ;  Eain7"and  Late  Forcmg  of 
Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables  ;  t-'jroughly  understands 
Orchids,  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  Plants.^'  Highly  recommended 
from  present  and  past  employers.  J-  JUHN  GORDON, 
Gardener.  Southwick.  Dumfries. 


GARDENER,  where  another  is  kept.  — 
Age  28,  martied,  no  encumbrance  ;  fourteen  years'  good 
experience  in  all  branches.  Uuderstai  \%  the  Alanagement  of 
Cows.— C.  R.,  Aylwards,  Stanmore,  Mindlesex. 

GARDENER— Age  30,  rrarried,  one  child 
(age  4):  fourteen  years'  experiebce  in  all  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Five  years  in 
present  siiualion.  Highly  rec^mmetded.—  \.  F.,  Cedars 
Lodge,  The  Green,  Tottenham,  Middlesex. 

/^ARDENER    (good    Single-handed).— 

^  J  Age  22.  single  ;  total  abstainer.  I'welve  years'  experi- 
ence in  all  branches,  one  year  and  seven  months  prtsent  place 
Managing  Nursery ;  all  Fkuers.  Good  references.—  W 
GIBBONS,  zi,  Pelham  Terrace.  New  Eiham.  Kent. 

GARDENER  and  BAILIFF.  —  Age  y], 
married,  no  incumbrance  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
evei-y  branch— Fruit,  Flowtr.  PLints,  Laying-out  Grounds, 
&c  ,  ;  also  Management  of  Home  Farm,  all  kinds  of  Stock, 
and  Dairy.  Twelve  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  highly 
recommended.— A.  OFFER,  Felcourt,  East  Grinstead. 

f:jARDENER  and   BAILIFF  (Working); 

V-^  age  40. —Advertisek  offers  his  services  as  above  tn  any 
Ladyor  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in  e*ery 
branch  of  Horticulture,  also  Land  and  Stock,  Wife  could  take 
Dairy  or  Poultry.-J.  WAKEFIELD,  St.  George's  Lodge, 
Weybridge.  . 

GARDENER  (SECOND)rTr^ide  and  Out.— 
Age  26  :  eleven  years"  experie.3e  in  good  esublish- 
ments.  Two  years  in  present  situation.— A.  M.,  The  Gardens, 
Halstead  Place,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in^The^KiicheiTor 
Flower  Garden:  age  21  —  A  Gardhnbr  can  hifhiy 
recommend  a  young  man  as  abjve.-H.  BRYANT,  The  Mount, 
Redhill,  Surrey, 

ARDENER  (Under),  or  IMPROVER.— 

Age  23;  used  to  the  general  routine  of  Garden  Work, 
Indoors  and  Out.  Can  be  well  recommended.— A.  PENTNE  Y, 
Elmstead  Hall,  Colchester. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment- Age 
26  .  ten  years'  experience  in  firi',class  establishments, 
nearly  three  years  as  Foreman,  GooSi  references, -FORE- 
MAN,   35,    Melsonby  Terrace,    ChorlejS    Old    Road,     Bolton, 


:ashii 


NURSERY  FOREMAN,  tf^to  take  charge 
of  Small  Nursery.  —  Seventeen  3  its'  practical  experi- 
ence. Wr  ath!.  Crosses,  Bouquets.  Cat  Flower,  and  Plant 
Trade  :  ak..  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  &c.  Good  refer- 
ences.—FLORIST,  Park  Road,  Aylestone  Park,  Leicester. 

PROPAGATOR,  or  MANAGER  of  Small 
Nursery.- Well  up  in  Market  Trade,  Wreaths,  Crosse;, 
Bouquets,  and  general  routine  of  Nursery  Work.  Good  refer- 
ences.—W.  B.,  r3.  Portland  Road,  South  Norwood,  S.K. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  (Soft-wooded)  and 
GROWER  —Age  23  ;  can  make  up  Wreaths  and  Crosses, 
Five  years  good  character  from  last  place,— C.  SEYMOUR, 
The  Priory.  Clay  Street,  Walthamstow,  Essex. 

ROPAGATOR,    or    PROPAGATOR    and 

GROWER  for  Market— Age  29.  single;  sixteen  years' 
experience.  Has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  general  routine 
of  Cut  Flower  and  Plant  Trade.— B.  R.  E.,  The  Nurseries, 
Hook,  furbiton,  Surrey. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR,  and  GROWER  (Soft- 
wooded),  or  GENERAL  ASSISTANT  in  the  Houses, 
—Trustworthy,  Moderate  wages.— W,,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C, 


G 


To  Nurserymen. 
^  ROWER  of  Pelargoniums  and  other  Soft- 

oodeJ   Plants  lur   Market.— Good  reference,— W.    E. 
e  Place,  Chislehurst,  Kent. 


JOURNEYMAN,   in   a  good  establishment. 
Inside  and  Out.— Age  22  ;  nine  years' experience.— J  AMES 
BODM  AN,  I  he  Gardens,  Iwerne  Minster.  Shalteibury,  Dorset. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20^ 
four    years'    good    character.— L.     H.,    M.    Albery,    33, 
Caifax,  Horsham. 

JOURNEYMAN.— J.  McNair,  TheGardens, 

f  Ham  Hall.  Ashbourne,  will  be  glad  to  secure  for  a  pushing 
young  man,  a  situation  as  above. — Address  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN.— Trustworthy  man;  good 
hand  for  Laying-out,  Pruning,  Jobbing,  or  any  branch  of 
Horticulture.  Can  re^'air  Greenhouses  in  every  branch.— 
M.  HILL,  Post-office,  Kilburn.  N.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses;  age  2i.— 

O  H.  Louth,  Gardener,  Syndale  Park,  Faveishtm,  can 
strongly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above  ;  has  served  on  these 
gardens  upwards  of  two  years. 

To  Head  Gardeners. 
JMPROVER  (age  i6).— Wanted,  to  place  the 

-L  son  of  a  Head  Gardener  in  3  good  Garden  ;  has  had  three 
year»'  experience  under  Glass.  Premium  will  be  given.- 
J.  WAKEFIELD,  St.  George's  Lodge.  Weybridge. 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— The  Adver- 
TlsKR  can  recommend  a  reliable  young  man  as  JOUR- 
NEYMAN, willing  and  obliging,  in  a  moderaie  sized  place.  - 
G.  H  ,  The  Gardens,  Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

TO  MARKET  GARDENERS.  —  Wanted, 
by  Advertiser  (age  29),  a  situation  in  a  Marktt  Nursery. 
Well  up  in  Growing  Grapes,  Peaches,  Tomatos,  Melons,  and 
Cucumbers,  a«d  Hard  and  Softwooded  Pljnls,  including 
Gardenias,  Eucharis.  Bouvardias,  &c.  — H.  S.,  Mr.  TANNER, 
Tailor  and  Draper,  4.  Victcr  a  Strett.  Newport,  Barnsiaple. 

J^ORESTER.  —  Scotch;    thoroughly   experi- 

J-  enced  in  Planting,  Thinning,  Manufacturing  Timber. 
Valuation  of  Standing  Wood,  with  confidence.  Recommended 
to  gentlemen  as  a  practical  Forester.— References,  Messrs. 
SMITH  AND  SIMONS,  Seedsmen,  36,  Howard  Street, 
Glasgow. 

Seed  Trade. 

A  MANAGER  ol  great  experience,  has  had 
the  superintendence  for  miny  years  of  one  of  the  most 
succes.lul  Houses  in  the  Trade,  will  shortly  desire  a  re-engage- 
ment. .\merica  or  the  Colonies  not  objected  to.  — G.  H., 
60,  Irafalgar  Road,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 

MANAGER,  SHOPMAN  (He.^d),  or  any 
other  position  of  trust. — Age  30,  married  ;  fifteen  years' 
practical  experience  in  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Seed  Trade. 
First-class  references.— G.  C.  O..Gardeneri'  ChropiicU  Office. 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 

HOPMAN     (Head),     or      MANAGER.— 

Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  thi  Trade  in  all  its 
branches,  acquired  during  a  twenty-five  yesrs*  txperience  in 
London  and  Provincial  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses  Careful 
and  accurate  in  all  matters  of  business  deiai'. -J.  G,  2, 
Kingston.  Yeovil. 

SHOPMAN  (He.\d).  — Middle-aged  ;  well- 
up  in  the  various  Seed  Branches,  Flower  Roots  and 
Plants.  Good  knowledge  of  Root  Crops,  implement--.  Manures, 
S:c.  Gocd  references.  — J.  B.  D.,  Gardener^'  Chrmicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

^HOPMAN. — Age   27  ;   fourteen   years'   ex- 

O  perience.  Wholesale  and  Retail  ;  well  up  in  all  branches 
Good  references. —WALTER,  io5,  Bethnil  Green  Road, 
London,  E. 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  27  ;  eleven 
years'  experience  in  all  branches.  First-class  reference. 
— E.  F.,  Gardtners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welliueton  Street. 
Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Second).— A  thoroughly  prac- 
tical man,  accustomed  to  pushing  Counter  Trade,  and  to 
take  Local  Journeys.— Full  particulars  to  ALPHA,  Messrs. 
Hurst  &  Son,  152,  Houndsditch.  London.  E  C. 


Nursery  or  Seed  Trade. 

CLERK,  in  the  above. — Thoroughly  expe- 
rienced young  man ;  would  Assist  in  the  i;hop,  or  take  a 
Journey,  if  required  ;  good  Book-keeper  and  Currespoi.de  i. 
First-class  testimonials  from  previous  employers.  —  H.  W., 
Cardeyters'  Chronicle  0^z^,^i^  Wellington  btrett,  S.rand.W.    . 

More  Cores  of  Coufiumptlon.  Coughs.  A&tbma,  and 

DISEASES  of  the  CHEST  and  LUNGS,  by 

DR.  LOCOCK'S  PULMONIC  WAFERS.— 
Mr.  C.  Ward.  Stationer,  &^c..  Market  Place.  Hfck- 
jnondwtkcy  Yorkshire,  writes :  ^  "  Cnxfi  of  Consumption, 
Asthma,  and  other  Diseases  of  the  Chest  and  lungs  are 
regularly  occuriog  here."  In  Asthma,  Consumption,  Bron- 
chilis.  Coughs,  Colds,  Rheumatism,  and  all  Hysterical  and 
Nervous  Complaints,  instant  relief  and  a  rapid  cure  is  given  by 
the  Wafers,  which  taste  pleasantly. 

Sold  by  all  Druggists  at  is.  lYzd.  and  is.  gd.  per  Box. 

OLLOWAY'SOINTMENTandPILLS.— 

Influenza,  Sore  Throat,  Quinsey,  Mumps,  and  similar 
complaints  always  abound  in  unsettled  weather,  and  are  mist 
safely  and  effectually  •^ubdued  by  rubbing  Holloway 's  Oint- 
ment at  least  twice  a  day  upon  the  chest  and  glands  of  the 
throat.  The  Ointment  penetrates  the  vkin,  reduces  inflamma- 
tion, and  heals  ulcerations.  This  treatment  is  sufficient  for 
curing  the  most  serious  and  complicated  threat  affections,  pro- 
viding Holloway's  Pills  be  taken  at  the  same  time.  When 
swallowing  gives  pain,  the  Ointment  may  be  relied  on  ti'l  im- 
proving symptoms  admit  of  painless  deglutition.  In  Asthma, 
Bronchitis.  Pneumoria,  Pleurisy,  Whooping  Cough,  Incipient 
Consumption,  Scarlet  Fever,  and  Measles,  Holloway's  Medi- 
cines are  not  less  valuable  in  mitigatine  th«  most  troublesome 
feature*  than  they  are  certain  in  ultimately  curing 


512 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  17,  1885. 


BouLTON  &  Paul,  "s^E^nisr  Norwich. 

Our  Greenhouses  and  Heating  Apparatus  are  Erected  in  every  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


Cojuplctc  Ranges  of 
Vineries,  Peach  Hoiisi  f 
Forcing  Houses,  &c 
designed  and  erected  m 
best  materials  and  at 
lozoest  prices.  Ladi 
and  Gentlemen  waitui 
upon  by  appointment. 

Gardtn     Frames     (' 
every  variety  in  stoclc. 


Every  kind  of  Garden 
I  r ante  advertised  is 
made  by  ns  in  a  superior 
maimer,  of  tvell  seasoned 
ci  00  d. 

EstimatiS  for  any 
I  ind  and  size  sent  on- 
ipplicalion. 

Before  ordering  sen  I 
for  special  price. 


i     TnHit-vun^itK    SPAN  RCOF    GARDEN    FRAME. 

Rfdi'crd  Cash  Fkicf       Carkiatf  Paid  ' 

I  enelli.                      VV  Hlh                         Pn«  PacVing  C 

8  feet  . .  6  feet  £■!  12  6  6i.  0. ,, 
12  feet  6  feet  6  6  0  ..  6/.  06 1 
16  feet  6  feet  8  0  0  ..  7i.  Oi- 
ninches:  back,  .22  inches  ;  centre.  32  inches.  Lights  made  t '^ 
turn  over.     Set-Opes  fur  ventilating. 


--^ 

^-^r    ^ 

No   7j- MELON    AND    CUCUMBER    FRAME 

K          FD  (,^sll  I  i            L 

But  Pail 

S  ze 
No   2 

I  -   „ih                     W  ,)  1 
8  leet                6  f»et 

Price.                Packing  Cas 
£3    5    0                 4t   Oj". 

No   3 

12  feet                6  feet 

4  12    6                 6s.  Or/. 

No-  4 

16  feet               6  feet 

6    0   0               6!.  erf. 

Depth  in 
ened  with  i 
and  unpain 
i6j.  each. 

fiont.  13  inches  ;    back,  24  inch.'S 
on  rod.     One  handle  to  each  light 
ted,  bs   each  ;    grazed  with  21-02. 

Lights,  2  inches  thick      Strength- 
Lights  only,  6  by  4  fifet,  unglazed 
heet  glass,  and  painted  lour  coats. 

Cheaper  Frames  than  the  above  are  matle  by  us  hut  not  advertise   .       All  the  Frames  Painted  Four  Coats,  and  Glazed  with  Best  21  oz.  EDgUsh  Glass. 

and  Carriage  Paid  to  anv  Railway  Statl    i  In  England  and  Wales ;    also  to  Edinburgh  and  Dublin. 

PACKING    CASES   aUowcd  for  in  full  if  i   'urned  vjitlmi  fourteen  days  in  i;ood  ord:r  and  duly  advised. 

CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


Gold  Medal  BoUer. 


UPPEK     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E., 

Eave  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILWS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  CastifMS  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  i^th  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


HENRY     OiRMSON     &CO., 


iiiMiillilHliiiiiiHill 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER     HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Oatalogues,  Plana  and  Estimates  free  on  application.        Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 


Editorial  Cnmmunicatirns  should  be  addressed  to  •'The  Editor  ;•'  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher, 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  .it  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradblrv,  Acnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whil 
:  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County 
Aeent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood. 


he  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  ■«  C. 

•s,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Publisl.t  J   by 

j-iut.i   ,1.  ...^— ,■     ~ day,  October  17,  18S5. 

Agents  for  ScoUind- Messrs.  J.  Menziks  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgo». 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


estatJltfijbetJ  1841. 


No.  617.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sERirs.}      SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  24.  1885.       { 


Registered  at  the  General  )       Price  5d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPoST-FREE.  sld. 


CONTENTS. 


Adhatoda  cydoniaifolia . . 
Alpine  plants,  seeds  of  . . 
Kees  and  bee-keeping     . . 
Hotankal  Magazine 
Caryopteris       mastacan- 

thus         

Chrysanthemum  Society, 


Fruil  trees  at  Me; 

&  Sons,  Eating 
Fnneus  in  turf 
Hardeners' Royal 

lent  Institution 
( Ihent    Horlicuh 

Horticultural  Cli 

..     Exhibition, 

Kitchen  garden  . 

Lane    &    Son's 


Landscape  gardening 
Obituary   .. 
Orchid  notes 


Parallels  of  Peardom     . . 

Pears  

Pears  against  walls 
Pear  Conference,  the     . . 

„     Congress     . . 

,,     growing      d'stricts, 

„     root-pruning  of  the 
Pears,  select  list  of 
Physiographe,  the 


Plai 
Potato,  the 


iof 


Rhododendrons  . 
Propagator,  the  , 
RoezI,  Benedict  . 


National     Chr^'santhe 


Solanutn  Maglia   . 
Symphytum  asperrir 
Thuia  Lobbii        . . 
Tritomas    . . 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


II    >>    Pyramids 
,,     ,,     L^prlght  cordoi 
Roea,  Benedict     .. 


APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  behalf  of  Two  Sisters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72, 
who  have  lived  together  all  their  lives  {the  younger  has 
been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  but  the  leases  of  their 
property  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  have  vainly  struggled 
to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apartments,  the  Utile  money 
they  had  saved  being  now  quite  exhausted,  and  owing 
over  a  year's  rent,  make  this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save 
their  home  from  being  broken  up,  and  parting  with 
everything  they  possess.  Will  any  kind  Friends  help 
them  in  their  deepest  distress  ?  The  JoUowing  persons 
have  kindly  allowed  a  reference  to  be  made  to  them, 
and  will  give  every  information  respecting  the  genuine- 
ness of  this  Appeal  :— 

Dr.    MAXWFLT,  T.  MASTERS,   F.R.S.,   41,   WeUineton 
Street,  .Strand,  W  C. 
Mrs.  DOWNING,  .q   Lupus  Street,  Pimlico,  S.W. 
Mr.  J.  KEASLEY,  62,  Saltoun  Road,  Brixton    S.W. 
Mr.  THOS.  VERNON.  Weekly  Dispatch  Office. 
Mr.  J.  P.  FULLER,  Weekly  DUfalch  Oliice. 
Mr.  H.  W.  PERCY,  Weekly  Disfalc/i  Office 
Mr.  W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Contributions  will  be  gratefully  received  and 
thankfully  acknowledged  by    Mr.  W.  RICHARDS. 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle"  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegratns  is 
"  G  A  RD  C  H  R  ON, 
London." 


SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
Y'HE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their    Copies    regularly,    are  particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisiur, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready,  In  clotli,  I63. 
'J^HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIII.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS,  4r,  Welliniton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


TELEGRAMS.— "WILLIAMS,  LONDON," 
is  the  Reeistered  Telegraphic  Address  for  Inland  Tele- 
frams  only  of  IJ.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Nurseryman  and  Seed 
Merchant,  Vict«r'ia  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper  Holloway,  N. 

''rELEGRAMS.— Our  Resistei^  Telegraphic 
i    Addressis"  SMITH,  DARLEYDALE,"couniinKasl»o 

JAMES    SMITH    and    SONS,    Barley    Dale    Ni 
near  Matlock. 


TELEGRAMS.— We  beg  to  announce  that 
our  Registered  Address  for  Telegrams  from  all  parts,  is 
"QUICK,    NORTHAMPTO  N." 
JOHN  PERKINS  and  SON, 
(Tht  OU  EslabliJud  -Vunety  ,„id  Seed  Buiiness.) 
52,  Market  i^quare,  Norlhampton. 

SPECIAL  NOTICE.— To  prevent  confusion, 
we    have     now     Regisiered     our    Telegraphic    address 
"  PARAGON.  NORTHAMPTON,"  instead  of  Perkinson,  as 
previously  advertised. 
THOMAS   PERKINS  avd  SONS,    34,  Drapery,    Norih- 

f^PELEGR  AP  H  IC       ADDRESS.— 

J-  "GILBERr,    STAMFORD." 

It  is  Slid  that  Conscrvaiive>  have  no  Policy.     Being  a  thorough 
one  I  declare  ray  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honestly,  10  se  1  .H  I  can. 
and  to  give  general  salisf  .c.ion.     Stnd  f,.r  CATALOGUE. 
R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 

E       L      -E       G       R      A      M        s". 

*•  WALLACE,  COLCHESTER."  is  now  the  Telegraphic 
Address  of  the  NEvV  PLANT  and  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

PAUL'S  NURSERIE.S,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waliham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES.  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS.  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing. 


WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  WaUham  Cross. 


We  are  prepared  to  receive 

CUT  FLOWERS,  FERNS,  &c.,  on  Commis- 
sion.—For  further  particulars  apply  to  POPE  and  SONS, 
Florists,  Central  Avenue,  Birmingham  Maiket  Hal'. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets,  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  dailv. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and    Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 
Market,  and  iQt.  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London, W.C. 
■37,  Hart  Street.  W.C. 


s* 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers. &c. 

QUELCH        AND        BARNHAM, 

giving  personal  attention    to  all  consifniments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

QUELCH        AND        BARNHAM. 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
^  BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  ;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C.  are  opjo  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quanthy.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Accoimt  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers*  and  good  Trade  references.  A  U  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  anove.     Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

Special  Notice. 

WANTED,      in       any      quantity,       CUT 
ORCHIDS,     Marcchal     Niel    and     good     VeUow 
ROSES,  &c. 
A.  HILL  AND  CO.,  5J,  Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

WM.  PERRY,  Jun.,  Smithfield" Market, 
Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS.  &c.  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers'  and  Trade  references. 


WANTED,  TEA  ROSES.—  Regular  or 
periodical  supplies  of  Tea  and  other  ROS  E  B  LOOM  S 
during  the  Winter,  also  other  CUT  FLOWERS.  Sute 
particulars  and  price  to 

M.  AMOS,  The  Rcsery,  Render's  End,  Middlesex,  S.E. 


WANTED,     ACORNS,     BEECH-MAST, 
and  Spanish  CHESTNUTS.    State  price  per  bushel  to 
JAMES  SMITH  and  SONS.  Darley  Dale  Nurseries,  ne«r 
Matlock. 

TyANTED,  PEACH  TREEs!— Established 

V  V  Fruit-bearing  Trees,  one  each  Standard.trained,  4  feet 
stems.  Royal  George  and  Violette  Hative  ;  also  one  dwarf- 
trained  Prince  of  Wales  or  Red  Magdalen,    Must  be  healthy. 


Particulais  of  size  and  price 
DICKSON,     BROWN, 
Manchester. 


TAIT,    Seed    Merchants. 


WARE'S     AUCTION     SALE     OF 
SURPLUS  NURSERY  STOCK. 
A  large  quantity  of  unusually  fine  stuff  will  be  1  ff^red    on 
TUESDAY,  November  3.  next. 

For  particulars  see  separate  aon'^uncement.  CATALOGUES 
may  be  had  upon  aoolication  to  the  Auctioneers  or  myself 
THOS.  S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries.  Tottenham,  London. 


L 


To  Orchltl  Growers. 
YCASTE      SKINNERI      ALBA, 

ZYGOPETALUM  MACKAYI  MACRANTHUM  (true), 

Bath  e.vpecttd  to  he  in  bloom. 

And  many  other  good  varieties,  will  be  SOLO  by  A  UCTION. 

at  Dowell's  Rooms,  Edinburgh,  on  TUESDAY,  November  3, 

at  rs  o"Clock. 

TPEARCE,  Florist,  Hayes,  Kent,  has  for 
•  Sale  a  quantity  of  NFAPOLII'AN  VIULET.S— »oot. 
strong,  and  well-established  Plants,  in  bloom.  Price  on  ap,3li- 
calion.     Remitianfe  with  order.     On  rail  free. 


Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 
JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,   Belgium,   r.fters 

'■       to    the   Trade:— AZAI.F4S     INDICA.     MOLLIS,    and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA.   CAMELLIA,   FERNS,  PaLMF, 
and  SPIR^A  JAPONICA.  in  large  quaiiiities. 
CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 


pAPE 

BULBS- 

CAPE 

BULBS. 

Capetown  Eota 

I'c  Gardens, 

Traus    Ok 

JERS     now     receiv 

able    (or  the 

iming    'eiion  . 

Li'ts   on    appl 

cation.       Retail 

—  Collections 

only,    rmr    own 

selection,  from 

jCi  upwards. 

ED.  HUIT 

.  Sales  Dept. 

pARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.— First- 
ly class  Cultural  Certificate.  Manchester,  1885.  All  the 
finest    named    varieties  grown,  my  selection,   for  cash.   6.r.  per 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— Fine,  large,  plump 
Enghsh.grown    Bulbs.  8.  ro,  and  T2  inches,  and  monster 
Bulbs,  14  to  15  inches  in  circumference,  now  readv. 

Mr.   WILLIAM  BULL.    Establishment  (or  New  and  Rare 
Planu,  5i6,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S.W. 

FOR    SALE,  magnificent  large  Chamaerops 
excelsa  PALM  ;  height  8  feet,  10  feet  through.    Reason 
for  disposal,  wa"t  of  room.     Aoply, 

R.  COX.  Gardener,  Ham's  Hall,  Birmingham, 

PIR^EA  JAPONICA,  strong,  well  ripened 

Clumos  for  Forcing,  very  fine,  rot.  pwr  loo, 

r>EUTZIA    GRACILIS,    ditto.    25J    per  100. 

A  LIST  of  other  Plants  for  ForcinR.  &c-,  free  on  application. 

WALTER   CHAS.   SLOCOCK,   Goldwoith  Old   Nursery 

Woking,  Surrey. 

UTCH      FLOWERING     BULBS.— 

HYACINTHS,    TULIPS,    CROCUS,    &c.      Priced 
Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  Seedsmen  and  Nurserymen, 
20.  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh 

FRICAN     TUBEROSES.— Just     arrived, 

in  splendid  condition,  enormous  Bulbs  for  present  Plant- 
ing.    Prices  on  application  to 

WATKINS   AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants 
Exeter  Slreet,  Strand,  W.C. 

Fnilt  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  Transplantine.  Piices  are  low.  Early  orders 
solicited.  LISTS  on  application. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  HUl,  S.E. 

A~BIESBdLANDERir-^A  beautiful  hard~y 
Pine,  with  colour  and  habit  about  equal  to  insignts,  and 
as  hardy  as  our  Scotch  Fir :  12  to  18  inches,  \s.  ;  18  to  34  inches 
6s.  ;  a  to  3  feet.  gt.  per  dozen. 

A  LIST  of  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen. 

AMPTON      COURT      BLACK     HAM- 

BURGH    VINES.— Extra   strong    Fruiting    Canes   of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 

FINE  CUT  FLOWERS.  —  LILACS, 
ROSES,  TUBEROSES,  VIOLETS,  &c.  Wholesale 
CATALOGUES  and  Prices  on  application. -A.  LANGBEHN 
AND  CO..  Horticulteurs,  aa.  Rue  de  Dunketque,  Paris. 

BIES     DOUGLASn     ^GLAUCaT—  Un- 

doubtedlyone  of  the  finest  introductions  of  late  years, 
being  hardier,  more  compact,  and  not  apt  to  lose  its  leader  like 
the  common   DougUsii.     2  to  3  feet,    izi.  ;    3  to  4  feet,   i8i.  per 
dozen.     A  LIST  ol  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS.  Aberdeen. 


Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  also  FRUIT  TREES  of  all  descriptions 
in  large  numbers.     CATALOGU  E  free  on  application. 

CHARLES  TURNER,  The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 


NEW    STRAWBERRIES.— Laxton's  King 
of  the  Earlies  and  The  Captain.— These  steiling  novelties 
can  with  confidence  be  recommended,     zoo  trade  and  market 
firms  already  supplied.     Strong  Runners  now  ready, 
T.  LAXTON.  Seed  Grgwer,  Bedford. 


514 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutcli  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
6,  and  68  Ch7apt:ide';  E.C.,  every'  MONDAY,  THURSDAY 
And  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  ii  oClcck  precisely  each 
day.  abouV  8.0  lots  of  HYACINTHS  TULIPS  CRO- 
CU'ES  NARCISSUS,  and  other  ROOTS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent  qiiality.and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
N.B.-The  Sale  on  Thursday  next  will  include  a  quanli^ty  ol 
Terra  Colla  Flower  Pots,  also  on  Thursday  and  Saturday  a 
choice  assortment  of  about  Fifty  Lots  of  Barr's  beautiful  hardy 
Daffodils. 


Tuesday  Next. 
ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER. 

MESSRS.  RROTHEROE  .■\ND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  63,  Cheap-ide,  E.G.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT  October 
7.athairpvst  la  o'Clock  precisely,  a  quantity  of  ORCHIDS 


West  Wlcltham. 

(Three  minutes'  walk  from  the  Station.) 

TWO  DAYS'   SALE  of  unusually  well  grown  NURSERY 

STOCK.,  by  order  of  Mr.  T.  Cook,  to  clear  the  ground. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pren.ises.  The 
Nursery,  West  Wickham,  Kent,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 
October  213  and  30.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day.  a  laige 
quantity  of  remarkably  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  the 
whole  ofwhich  has  been  carefully  prepared  for  removal.  The 
Stock  compiises  8c 00  Laurels.  1%  to  4  f<et  ;  .000  fine  Portugal 
Laurels.  5  to  6  feel;  3=03  oval-leaved  Privet,  1503  gieen 
Euonymus  for  pots,  a  large  assoitment  of  specimen  Conilers 
and  Evergreens.  1500  Green  Hollies,  r  to  5  feet  ;  1510  Common 
Privet.  3  to  4  feet  :  2000  Spruce  Firs,  4  to  6  feet,  for  Christmas 
Trees  ;  6000  Deciduous  Flowering  Shrubs,  20CO  Ornamental 
and  Forest  Trees,  2cco  Gooseberries  and  Currants,  and  a  great 
variety  of  other  Trees  and  Shnj^. 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  hao  on  the  Premises,  also  at  Mr. 
T.  COOK'S  Nursery,  Beckenhara,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  arid 
68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G. 


IN  FLOWER, fi 
Occidiums. 
Odontoglossums. 
Cattleya  Dowiana. 

„     Gaskelliaoa. 
Mormodes    species 

specimens,  7  spiki 
Larlia  autumoalis  t 

several  plan.  s.        . 

On  view  morning  of  tal 


well  known  Cl  llecti'ons,  including : 
Cypripedium         Spicerianum, 

grand  specimen. 
Vanda  Sanderiana,  fine   speci- 
men    with      three      spikes, 
carrying      eighteen      grand 


■o-rubeos. 


flow 


And  othtrs. 
icd  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next. 
VANDA   SANHEKIANA   IN    FLOWER. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  of  Flowering  ORCHIDS, 
on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  1 'ctober  27,  Three  Plants  of  VANDA 
SANUERIANA,  in  lull  flower. 


Tuesday  Next 
FLOWERING  ORCHIDS— SPECIAL  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SPECIAL  SALE  of  FLOWER- 
IZG  ORCHIDS,  on  TUDSDAY  NEXT,  the  ■.7th  inst  .  at 
their  Auction  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E  C.  Six  gocd 
E'tabhshed  Plants  of  the  new  and  beautiful  CYPRIPEDIUM 
GODEFROY/E,  each  wuh  two  and  three  growths;  also  the 
following  extremely  RARE  ORCHIDS  .-Cattleya  labiata,  the 
true  autun  n  flowering-variety  ;  La;lia  Amanda,  of  which  only  a 
few  plants  are  known  to  exist  ;  Lielia  anceps  Dawsoni,  the  true 
and  best  variety  ;  Cypripedium  Drurj  i,  Odontoglossum  ionoplo- 
con,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Putney,  S  W  -Expiration  of  Lease. 

UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  beamifully  gio»n 
NURSERY  STOCK,  GLASS  ERECTIONS,  itc  ,  by 
order  of  Messrs.  S.  Mahood  &  Son,  whose  lease  expires  at 
Christmas  next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  .\UCT10N,  on  the  Premises, 
The  Windsor  Nurseries.  Lower  Richmond  Road,  Putney.  S.W., 
ten  minules' walk  of  either  of  the  Putney  Stations,  on  TUES- 
DAY and  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  October  27  and  28,  at  12 
o'clock  punctually  each  day,  the  whole  of  the  beautifully  grown 
NURSERY  STCCK.  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  com- 
prising many  thousands  of  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 
I  to  4  feet,  10,000  Aucubas,  thousands  of  green  and  variegated 
Euonymus.  5C00  Hollies,  3  to  8  feet,  all  recently  transplanted  ; 
Forest  Trees  in  variety  ;  5000  Ivies  ;  2000  oval-leaved  Privet,  3 
to  6  feet ;  2000  Standard  and  Dwarftrained  Fruit  Trees  ;  Green- 
house Plants  in  variety  ;  Maidenhair  Ferns  ;  Ficus,  200  fine 
p'ants  of  Eucharis  amazonica  ;  the  erections  of  Eight  GREEN- 
HOUSES, with  a  total  length  of  4co  feet,  several  PITS,  the 
whole  of  the  HOT-WATER  PIPING,  BOILERS,  &c 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C 


Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCJ 
TION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C  ,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  30,  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  an  importation  of  Cattleya  Dowiana,  in  good  order, 
and  extra  large  masses;  Lsclia  piajstans,  Caltleya  superba 
splendens,  and  many  oiher  ORCHIDS  ;  also  magnificent  speci- 
mens of: - 


Cyptipedium  grande 
„     Chanlinli 
,,     Spicerianum. 


I  Caltleya    Harrisoni,    fine    v 
variety,  in  flower 
Lselia  purpurata,  do  ,  do. 
Oncidium  tigrinum.  do.,  do. 
I  Odontoglossum   Insleayi,    dt 


ng  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Oncldlum  JoneslanumCRchb.  f.) 
OVER  ONE    IHilUSAND   SPLENDID   PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
ate  mstructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Ceniral  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E  C.  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  30,  at  hall-past  12  o'Clock 
precisely,  a  grand  importatitn  of  ONCIDIUM  JUNESIA- 
NUM,  in  simply  superb  o:der,  every  bulb  and  eye  beirg 
perfect.  There  are  rare  masses  among  them,  but  every  plant 
is  fine,  the  greatest  cate  and  trouble  having  been  exercised  in 
collecting  them.  ONCIDIUM  JONESIANUM  is  without 
dcubt  one 'of  the  finest  introductions  ;  it  has  extremely  beautiful 
large  white  flower,  the  lip  having  a  reddish  brown  ciest,  and  the 
sepals  and  petals  spotted  wiih  chocola-e.  It  is  very  free 
flowering,  as  many  as  fifteen  flowers  on  a  spike  being  pronuced, 
and  the  numerous  spikes  en  the  plants  offered  demonstrate 
how  floriferous  it  is. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 

Suntiuir,  Middlesex. 
IMPORTANT  TO  THE  TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Turtle,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Osborn's  Nursery,  Sunbury, 
Middlesex,  ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  Railway  Station,  on 
MONDAY.  Novtnibe.-  2.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  follow- 
ing VALUABLE  STOCK,  comprising  4000  Apples,  one  and 
three  years  old,  including  among  other  varieties  Lord  Suftield, 
Keswick  Codlin,  Eckl.nville  Seeding,  Stirling  Castle,  Warner's 
King,  Worcester  Pearmain  ;  scoo  Victoria  Plums  (Maidens)  ;  500 
Pears  ;  500  Farleigh  Cluster  and  other  Damsons  (Maidens)  ; 
10  000  fine  Dwarf  Roses,  on  Manetti,  leading  sorts  ;  100.000 
Manetti  Stocks  ;  4=00  Climbers,  of  sorts ;  icoo  Tea  Roses  in 
pots,  Niphetos,  Maiechal  Niel.  and  others,  for  forcing  ; 
2000  Double  White  Primulas,  in  4S-pots,  extra  fine  ;  500 
Adiantum  cuneatum  ;  2:0  Lomaria  gibba  :  7000  Privet  ;  a 
variety  of  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  in  fine  condition  for 
removal,  and  ^]i  acres  of  Magnum  Bonum  Potatos.  The  Fruit 
Trees  are  -peciafly  fine,  forming  part  of  the  celebrated  stock  ol 
the  late  firm  of  Osborn  &  Sons. 

May  now  be  viewed.  CaUlogues  had   on  the  Premises,  and 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Wednesday  Next. 
A  consignment  of  CAMELLl.AS,  AZALEAS.  PALMS, 
FICUS,  RHODODENDRONS,  and  other  PLANTS, 
from  Belgium  ;  beautifully  grown  FERNS  and  PALMS, 
also  600  choice  named  Standard  FOSES  from  English 
Nurseries,  rcoTEA  ROSES  in  pots.  Home-grown  LILIES, 
NARCISSUS  in  variety.  Dutch  FLOWER  ROOTS,  and 
an  assortment  of  Hardy  PLANTS  and  BULBS. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  October  28,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Hendon,  N.W. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the  NURSERY 
STOCK,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  GLASS  EREC- 
TIONS, and  EFFECTS,  by  order  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Pounce, 
the  Land  being  required  for  Building. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Pounce's 
Nursery,  Hendon,  N.W..  ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  Railway 
Sution,  on  THURSDAY,  October  29,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots,  the  whole  of  the 
well  grown  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANT.-;,  and 
Specimen  Border  and  other  SHRUBS,  particularly  suitable 
for  the  London  Cut  Flower  and  Shop  Trade,  for  which  the 
Stock  has  been  specially  cultivated.  The  Sale  will  include 
150  pots  of  Eucharis  amazonica,  15.000  Carnations  of  ihebest 
named  sorts  for  cutting.  Palms,  Pelargoniums,  50.000  Ferns  in 
thumbs  and  other  sizes,  strong  Mai«5chal  Niel  Roses  in  pots. 
Chrysanthemums,  20,000  Golden  and  Green  Euonymus,  2000 
Sundard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  chiefly  Teas,  hundreds  of  fine  Shrubs 
for  Planting,  and  large  quantities  of  other  Stock  too  numerous 
to  mention,  also  the  Erections  of  9  GREENHOUSES  and 
PITS,  the  whole  of  the  HOT-WATER  PIPING.  BOILERS 
STAGING,  200  LIGHTS  and  BOXES,  Bay  Market  HORSE, 
2  Spring  CARTS,  HARNESS,  and  other  EFFECTS. 

On  view  the  day  prior  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  may 
be  had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Hampton,  Middlesex. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  a  thousand  beautifully  grown  FRUIT 
TREES,  cultivated  from  the  strain  of  the  late  Messrs. 
Osborn  &  Sons,  whose  reputation  for  the  growth  of  Fruit 
Trees  was  unsurpassed,  comprising  Plums,  Jherries, 
Peaches.  Nectarines,  Damsons.  Apricoss.  Pears,  Apples, 
of  the  test  and  most  prolific  varieties  ;  7C00  Oval-leaved 
Privet,  1000  Thuia  Lobbii,  bushy  plants  :  5000  Dwarf 
Roses,  of  the  first-named  varieties  ;  and  other  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  valuable  stock  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  Osborn's  Nursery,  Hampton,  close  to  the 
Hampton  Railway  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY,  November  4, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  Will  Tayler. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  ihe  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  aud  Valuers,  67  and  t8.  Cheap- 
side,  E.C. 


Bromley,  Kent. 
Two  days'  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  beautifully  grown  NUR- 
SERY STOCK,  by  order  of  Mr    G.    Stidclph,  who    is 
retiring  Irom  business  owing  to  declining  health. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Nursery,  Bromley,  Kent,  close  to  the  Railway 
Station,  S.E.R..  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  November 
5  and  6,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  without  reserve,  the 
whole  of  the  unusually  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which 
is  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  comprising  thousands  of 
thriving  young  Conifers  for  border  planting  ;  1000  Cupressus 
Lawsoni,  5C00  Privet,  1000  green  and  variegated  Hollies,  20CO 
Aucubas,  1000  Laurels  of  sorts,  and  2000  Irish  Ivies,  icoo 
Standard  and  other  Roses,  Standard  Ornamental  Trees, 
Deciduous  Flowering  Trees,  Fruit  Trees,  and  other  Stock,  fully 
described  in  Catalogue. 

*  May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  en  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  £8.  Cheapside,  E.C. 
N.B.  Mess.s.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  beg  to  call 
attention  to  the  above  Stock,  which  is  in  remarkably  fine  con- 
dition, and  worthy  of  an  inspection. 

Godalmlng. 

Important  Two  Days'  SALE   of   VALUABLE   NURSERY 
STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Maurice  Young  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Piemises,  The  M.Kord  Nurseries. 
Odalmine.  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November 
10  and  ri.  several  Acres  of  valuable  NURSERY  STOCK. 


Tottenliam. 

Adioining  the  Tottenham  Hale  Station.  Great  Eastern  Railway. 
SALE  of  remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tot- 
tenham, on  TUESDAY,  November  3,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  large  quantity  of  beautifully-grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
which  has  been  carefully  cultivated  and  judiciously  prepared  for 
removal,  including  50CO  oval-leaved  Privet,  ^\i  to  4j^  feet, 
fine  bushy  plants,  grown  singly  :  2000  Caucasian  Laurels.  3  to 
5  feet,  robust  plants  :  8ooo'  Dwarf  Roses,  embracing  all  the 
leading  varieties  of  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  Teas.  Moss,  China 
Roses,  &c.;  6oo3  Standard  Ornamental  Trees,  8000  Euonymus 
japonic!,  r  to  2  feet,  for  potting,  bushy  plants  ;  5000  strong  Red. 
White,  and  Black  Currants,  5000  Hardy  Climbers  in  pols,  all 
weU  grown  ;  loco  Hedera  maderensis  vanegata.  1000  of  the 
new  Double  White  Violet,  Compte  Brazza,  .000  of  the  new, 
hardy  and  leaulifully  pure  white  Passion-flower,  Constance 
Ehot  ;  50,000  exceptionally  strong  Seakale  and  Asparagus  for 
forcing,  400Q  imported  clumps  of  Spiriea  japonica.  5C00  showy 
border  Carnations  of  the  finest  sorts,  5000  good  bulbs  of  Lilium 
candidum,  2cco  L.  speciosum,  rubrum,  roseum,  and  album 
monstrosum  ;  20CO  Dielytra  spectabilis,  25,000  fine  German 
Crowns  of  Lily  of  the  Valley,  and  large  quantities  of  various 
Herbaceous  Plants,  Bulbs,  &c 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  bad  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside, 
Londi.  1,  E.C. 

N.B.-The  Nurseries  are  easy  of  access,  being  .adjacent  to 
the  Railway  Station,  and  an  inspection  is  invited  ol  the  unusually 
well-grown  Stock  to  be  offered  in  this  Sale. 


Sutton,  Surrey. 
Twodays' Sale  cf  well  giown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  Pollen  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  The  Mid. Surrey  Nurseries.  Sutton,  on 
THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY.  November  13  and  14.  a  large 
quantity  of  valuable  NURSERY  STOCK. 


M 


Dutch  Flower  Koots. 
R.     J.     C.     STEVENS     will    SELL    by 

AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  .Street, 
nt  Garden,  W.C.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
t2  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'Clock. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application.  


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7032.) 
Sooo  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
5COO  SOUTH  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38, 
Kine  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 


Octobei 


On  view  r 


ning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Betchwortli,  Surrey.— Expiration  of  Tenancy. 
CLEARANCE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Ivery  it  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  PremUes,  The  Barley  Mow  Nursery,  Betch- 
worth,  one  mile  from  the  station,  on  TUESDAY.  November  3, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Ivery  &  Son,  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprisirg  a 
quantity  of  Common  Yews,  Aucubas,  Birch,  Beech,  Lime, 
Hornbeam,  Scotch  and  Spruce  Firs  ;  an  assortment  of  choice 
Evergreen  Shrubs,  comprising  Cedrus  Deojara,  Thma  Lobbii, 
and  occidentahs  ;  Euonymus,  Box,  6cc.  :  also  Ivies  in  pots. 
Pampas  and  Feather  Grass,    Roses,    Mulberries,  Gooseberries, 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the^Premises  ;  at 
the  Dorking  Nurseries ;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers, 
(7  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C, 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7002.) 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, Without  Reserve,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  'W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY,  October  29,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely  (in  consequence  of  the  death  of 
Mr  W.  J.  Cross),  the  stock  of  ESFABLISHED  ORCHIDS 
of  Messrs.  Cross  si:  Steer,  of  Salisbury,  comprising  several 
hundred  plants  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandrte.  including  a 
curious  "  yellow  "  variety  ;  i^ood  forms  of  Caltleya  Dowiana, 
C.  maxima,  (iypripediums,  Deodrobes,  Lslias,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next —(Sale  No.  7002.) 

L.«LIA   PURPURATA. 

Seven  cases  received  direct  from  Brazil  in  very  fine  condition. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY, 
oSober  29-  also  a  fine  importation  of  DENDROBIUM 
JOHANNiS  and  BIGIBBUM. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Cart  House  Lane  Nursery,    HorselL 

About  2  miles  from  Woking  Sution. 
SALE  of  exceptionally  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  WATERER  and  SONS  have 
received  instructions  from  Mr.  Richard  Collyer,  whose 
lease  is  expiring,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  October  27,  and  followmg 
rlav  commencing  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  on  each  day.  the 
FIRST  PORTION  of  ihe  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK 
on  the  above  land,  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  having 
all  been  moved  within  two  years,  comprising  a  great  variety  of 
very  fine  Ornamental  Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs,  including 
many  Specimen  Trees,  20.000  Green  and  Variegated  Standard 
and  other  Hollies,  2  to  9  feet ;  20.000  Yews,  from  2  feet  6  inches 
to  7  feet  -  several  thousand  Common.  Caucasian,  and  Portugal 
Laurels,  Retinospota,  Picea.  Thuia.  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  and 
erecu,  Thuiopsis,  Privet,  1000  Rhododendrons,  principally 
choice  named  sorts  ;  5000  Spruce  Firs.  2coo  Half-Standard  and 
Standard  Roses  of  the  choicest  varieties,  6oco  Manetti  Stocks. 
6000  Crab  and  Plum  Stocks,  15.000  Birch.  Poplar.  Ash,  and 
Chestnut  Trees.  2  to  tz  feet  ;  and  other  Stock. 

The  Auctioneers  would  draw  the  special  attention  of  pur- 
chasers requiring  plants  for  ornamental  and  effective  purposes  to 
this  Sale,  as  the  whole  of  the  lots,  including  the  Specimen  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  are  in  perfect  condition  for  removal 

May  be  viewed  seven  days  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
obtained  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  at  their 
Offices,  Chertsey,  Weybridge  Station,  and  High  Suett,  Walton- 
on-Thames,  Surrey. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


515 


Edinburgh. 

Drummond  Broihers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 
Nursery  branch  of  their  business, 

MR.  ALEXANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  Laikfield  Nursery,  Ferry  Road,  Edin- 
burgh, on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY.  October  28 
and  29,  at  13  o'Cloclt  each  day,  a  very  fine  lot  of  HOLI-IES, 
YEWS,  AUCUBAS,  RHODODENDRONS,  WEEPING 
TREES,  &c  ,  mostly  suitable  fjr  immediate  effect. 

Now  la  view.  Catalogues  to  be  had  from  DKUMMOND 
BROTHERS,  Agricultural  Seedsmtn,  82,  George  Street, 
Edinburgh.  

Sale  at  Chester  of  Valuable  Nursery  Stock,  to  clear 

ground  (portion  of  the  Nurseries  of  the  late  firm  of  Messrs. 
Chivas  &  Weaver)  on  account  of  expiration  of  lease.  The 
Sale  consists  of  EVERGREENS,  FLOWERING 
SHRUBS,  ORNANENTAL  and  FRUIT  TREES, 
FOREST  and  UNDERWOOD  TREES, 

ESSRS.    CHURTON,    ELPHICK,   and 

ill  SELL  the  above  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION 
jr  instructions  of  Messrs.  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester), 
the  Eaton  Road  Nurseries,  Chesier  (15  minules'  walk  from 
[her  Chester  Railway  Station),  on  THURSDAY,  October  29. 
n  o'clock  precisely. 

May    be    now   viewed,    and    Catalogues    obtained    on    the 
from  the  Auctioneers  and  Vendors. 


M 


Pre  

Denham  Road  Nurecry,  near  Uxbridge,  Middlesex. 
To  GENTLEMEN.  NURSERYMEN,  and  OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  NORI\[AN  and  SON  are  directed 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  Jeffrey  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  as  above,  on  MONDAY,  November  s,  at  11  for 
I-  o'clock,  an  assortment  of  FRUIT  TREES,  consisting  of 
Standard  and  Maiden  Apples  and  Pears  ;  Dwarf  ROSES, 
sorts;  COMIFEUS  in  variety,  viz.,  Retinosporas,  Cupressus, 
Junipers,  Austrian  Pines,  extra  transplanted,  2  feet  to  4  feet 
high;  finely  grown  YEWS,  from  7  feet  to  10  feet  high  ;  also 
Oval  leaved  PRIVET,  Tree  BOX,  and  other  EVERGREENS 
and  DECIDUOUS  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  CURRANT 
BUSHES.  RASPBERRY  CANES,  STRAWBERRY  RUN- 
NERS,  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  &c. 

May  be  viewed  three  days  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had  at  the  Offices  of  Messrs.  NORMAN  and  SON,  Uxbridge, 
Middlesex,  and  Denham  and  Beaconsfield,  Bucks. 

Edlnburgh.-Sale  of  Orchids,  &c. 

LYCASTE  SKINNERI  ALBA. 

ZYGOPETALUM  MACKAVI  .MACRANTHUM  (true). 

Both  expected  to  be  in  bloom. 

'  Drummond  Brothers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 

Nursery  branch  of  their  Business, 

MR.  ALE.XANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  his  Rooms,  iiS,  George  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, on  TUESDAY.  November  3.  at  12  o'clock,  a  COL- 
LECTION of  ORCHIDS.  &c.,  including  above  varieties; 
Dendrobium  nobile  Wallichianum.  Cymbidium  Lowianum, 
Phaius  maculalus  and  Wallichii,  Cielogyne  cristala— Chats- 
worih  variety,  and  many  other  pood  sorts. 

Catalogues  on  application  to  DRUMMOND  BROTHERS, 
AgricuUural  Seedsmen,  82.  George  Street,  Edinburgh. 


Sim's  Nursery. 

FOR  ABSOLUTE  SALE,  the  Lease  and  Goodwill  of  this 
OLD-ESTABLISHED  BUSINESS.  Also  about  1000 
Ferns,  some  fine  Todeas,  for  which  this  Nursery  is  10 
famous,  a'.d  the  remaining  Shrubs  and  Structures. 

MESSRS,  WOODS  AND  SNELLING  will 
SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  Ihe  Premises,  Sidcup 
Hill  Nursery,  Foots  Cray,  on  SAURDAY,  November  7,  at  12 
for  t  o'clock. 

Particulars  and  Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers,  19  and   20, 
Walbrook  and  Sidcup. 


Streatham  Park  Nursery,  Mltcbam  Road,  Streatham, 

SURREY,  S.w, 

SALE  of  SURPLUS  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PEED  AND  GREAVES  are 
favoured  with  iostruclions  from  the  well-known  firm  of 
Messrs.  J.  Peed  &  Sons  10  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises. 
on  TUESDAY,  November  10,  at  n  o'clock  precisely,  the 
above  well-grown  surplus  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  cf 
500  Fruit  'Trees,  500  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  500  Forest 
Trees  and  Shrubs  (several  being  fine  specimens),  comprising 
Planes  Limes,  Elms,  Birch.  Chestnut,  and  Poplars  ;  500  very 
choice  Thorns,  sco  mixed  Shrubs,  500  Laurels,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  fourteen  days  prior  to  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had  at  the  Roupell  Park  Nurseries,  Norwood  Road,  S.W.  ;  on 
the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  Loughborough  Road, 
Brixton,  S.W. 


TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  with  Immediate 
Pos.esslon,  A  genuine  SEED,  FLORIST,  and  JOB- 
BING BUSINESS,  Nine  Plant-houses,  a  moderate  quantity  of 
Land,  and  an  Eight-roomed  Dwellinghouse,  which  may  be  had 
furnished.  Situate  in  the  main  thoroughfare  of  an  important 
town,  20  miles  from  London  (population  20,(xxi). 
J.   W.,   Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 


Strand,  W.C. 


To  Nurserymeu,  Florists,  and  Others. 

TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD,  on  very  advan- 
tageous terms,  WILLS'  NURSERY,  situate  in  ih< 
Fulham  Palace  Road,  Hammersmith,  comprising  an  area  ol 
an  acre  and  a  half.  There  are  several  Hothouses,  verv 
efficiently  healed  by  hot  water,  on  the  premiser.  This  Nurser> 
would  be  invaluable  to  a  Florist  as  a  growing  place  for  market, 
being  so  near  Covent  Garden  ;  or  the  property,  held  for  an  un. 
expired  term  of  sixty-six  years,  can  be  purchased. 

Particulars  on  application  to  W.  M.  M.  WHITEHOUSE, 
26,  Charles  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 


TO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  a  compact 
FLORISTS  NURSERY,  having  seven  modern  Houses 
fitted  with  Hot-water  Apparatus.  .Situated  between  a  main 
road  and  a  river  in  an  excellent  neighbourhood,  close  to  a  large 
town  in  the  Midlands,  with  a  good  residence  attached. 
Apply  to  HARRISON  anc  SONS,  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT, 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK  ARTIST. 
Has  carried  out  many  extensive  works  recently  for  Noblemen 
and  Gentlemen.  Can  refer  to  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's. 
where  work  can  be  seen.  Tu^a  formation,  Sandstone,  Natural 
Rockwoik  to  suit  any  locality. 


To  Landed  ProBrtetors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lislria  Park,  Sumford  Hill,  N. 


JOHN       KENNARD'S      HORTICULTURAL 
SUNDEIES,    Peat,    Loam,    Sand,    and    Berkshire  Pottery 
Depot.     Catalogue  post-free  ol  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
Sivan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.    Established  1854- 


MESSRS.    PEACOCK  AND   FRIEND 
have  the  honour  to  announce  that  they  will  give  a 
GRAND    EVENING   CONCERT, 
at  the  Royal  Albert  Hall,  on  Wednesday.  Nov.  18,  at  8  o'Clock, 
IN  AID  of  the  FUNDS  of  NAZARETH  HOUSE, 
Hammersmith.     Under  the  Patronage  of 
H.R.H.  Field  Marshal  the  Dike  of  Cambridgf.,  K.G., 
K.T.,  G.C.B.,  &c. 
Prince  LociFN  Buonaparte, 
His  Excellency  the  Chinese  Ambassador, 
His  E-xcellcucy  tbe   Stakish  Ambassador, 
Hi?fc.\cellency  the  Italian  Ambassador, 
Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Mayor,  M. P., 
Sir  Spencer  Wells,  Bart , 
Warken  de  la  Rue,  Esq.,  M.A.,  D.C.L..  F.R.S  , 
And  other  distinguished  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,  ol  whom 
a  list  will  be  published. 

MADAME  TREBELLI, 
and  several  distinguished  Artistes  have  most  kindly  given  their 

Tickets,  rol.  M.,  71.  6A,  5;.,  41  ,21.  6rf.,  and  ij.,atthe  Royal 
Albert  Hall,  and  all  Agents;  or  J.  T.  PEACOCK,  Sudbury 
House,  H 


NEW  EUCHARIS.— First-class  Certificate 
was  awarded.  Tuesday  the  13th  inst.,  to  the  new  EU- 
CHARIS M  ASTERSII.  by  the  Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.     Price  55.  each.  2  guineas  per  dozen. 

WILLIAM    BULL.    F.L.S..    Establishment    for    New  and 
Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


W  GROVE,  Hereford,  offers  choice  and 
•  special  sorts  of  Marie  Baumann.  Lady  Sheffield, 
Charles  Darwin,  Lamarque,  Cri^ine  Forestier,  &c.  ;  sample 
dozen,  assorted,  4s.  bd.  ;  A.  K.  Williams,  &!.  ;  Metveille  de  Lyon 
and  While  Baroness.  7J.  6</.  par  dozen.    Trade  or  other  list. 


Notice. 

HLANE  AND  SON'S  New  Descriptive 
•  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  RHO- 
DODENDRONS. Conifers,  Trees,  Shrubs.  Forest  Trees,  &c., 
free  on  af  plication. 

The  Nurseries,  Bcrkhamsted,  Herts. 


D 


OUBLE       AFRICAN       TUBEROSES. 

Splendid  quality,  20J.  per  100.  3f.  ^d.  per  dozen. 

Trade  price  on  application. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL; 
containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  wilh  Not 
n  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  wilh  many  Woodcuts.    Price  i 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


LAURELS. — 2  to  3  feet,  extra  transplanted, 
very  bushy.  151.  per  100.  jC6  per  looo.  The  finest  stock 
in  the  Trade.  For  other  sizes  and  General  Nursery  Stock,  see 
CATALOGUE,  post-free  on  application. 

R.     TUCKER,    The    Nurseries,    Faringdon,    Berks.     Tele- 
gramS;  "Tucker,  Faringdon," 

CAMELLIAS. — A  choice  Private  Collection 
for  sale.     Fine  health  Plants,  3  to  7  feet  high,  in  tubs. 
GARDEN,  97,  South  Street,  Exeter. 

'    BRID~RHODODENDRONS.  —  Fine 

Plantf,  many  in  bud,    ijj  to  2!^  feet  high,  a'l  colours, 
^"v.^JACKSON,  Elakednwn.  Kidderminster. 


H^ 


FOR   SALE,   Six   large  CAMELLIAS  and 
Three  large  AZALEAS,  all  first-class  Plants,  and  in  good 
condition.     Price  C^o.     Apply  to 

Mr.  HARBOITLE,  59.  John  Street,  Sunderland. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  Herbaceous,  superb  strain 
of  splendidly  spotted  and  tigered  Howers,  strong  trans- 
planted Plants,  IS.  ki.  per  dozen,  lor.  per  100;  larger  size, 
2J.  dd.  per  dozen.  171.  fid.  per  1:0.  Anthemis  tinctoria,  splendid 
sulphur  Margueiite,   quite  hardy,  very  free  flowering,  31,  per 


free. 


CLARKE.    Hilsidc  Nursery,   Haddenham. 


Special  Offer. 

HYACINTHS.— The  Subscribers  offer  Blue 
Italian  and  Double   Rose    Iialian,  at  ^or.    per    1000, 
splendid  quality. 

DICKSON,     BROWN,     and    TAIT,    Seed    Merchanls, 
Manchester. 


LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.  — True  Berlin 
and  Hamburg  varieties;,  best  selected  Crowns,  for  forc- 
ing, 34J.  and  35J.  per  looo.  TetiiK  cash.  Also  on  offer,  laree 
quantity  cf  WILLOW  CUi'TINCS,  price  on  .ipplication. 
Seed  and   Culb  Merchants,  plea-e  send  Catalogues. 

E.   KOHLMAN,  Hamburg,  St-  George,  Germany. 


CASH  2/.  CREDIT.— 300,000  Dwarf  ROSES, 
on  Manetti,  ihe  best  plants  money  can  buy  ;  good  sorts, 
35J.  per  100.  50  for  20J.,  worth  double  the  money.  Cash  wilh 
orders,  packing  free. 

Also  ASPARAGUS,  2  years.  2j.  per  rco  ;  3  years,  31.  per  100  : 
years.   4^.  per  100  ;    much  cheaper  by  the  ico3  of  all  ages. 


All  stiODj!  pla: 


R.  LOCKE,  Fairseat.  Wrotham,  Kent. 


PINUS     ARISTATA 
who  has  tried  the  nursery  trade  ii 
Pine,  may  surely  find  it  in  many  nurse 
cheap  acd  so  good  as  with 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdee 
healthy  plants,  6  to  9  inches,  at  u.  ;  9  to 
and  3  to  4  feet,  at  7J.  dd.  each. 

A  LIST  of  all  hardy  Pines  sent  free  on  appl 


A    correspondent 

:  in  vain  "  for  the  above 
rseries,  but   nowhere  so 

een,  who  can  give  fine 
I  inches,  at  \s.  tU,  : 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
NOTICE  !- COMMITTEE     MEETINGS,      F't",'     '2? 
Floral,  at  ii  a.m.    in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT. 

SHOw'of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  and  VEGETABLES, 
and  POTATO  CONFERENCE,  on  TUESDAY,  27th,  and 
WEDNESDAY,  sBih.  Open  on  the  27th  at  i  r.M.  ;  on  the 
'  SPEc'fALPRlZESoffered  by  Messrs.  SUTTON  AND  SONS 
for  POTATOS.  and  by  H.  DEVERILL,  Banbury,  for 
ONIONS.  ,  .„^       ,.  „ 

N.B.-Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

South  Kensington,  S.W.  .  „,  ^c 

SHOW  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  and  VEGETABLES,  on 
TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  October  27  and  28,  ui  the 
Conservatory. 


the  International  Inventions  Exhibiti 
1  October  27. 


1  admitted 


/CRYSTAL  PALACE. 

KJ       Great  Annual  CHRVSANTHEMUM   SHOW. 
FRIDAY    and    SATURDAY,      November     6    and    7- 
For  Schedules,  apply  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent. 
Crjslal  Palace,  S.E.  

HE     ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY  of  SOUTHAMPTON.  ,„„,,.,, 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  and  FRUIT  SHOW,  on  TUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY.  November  i  and  4.  ONE  HUNDRED 
and  FIFTY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  Schedules  and  Entry 
Forms  ntay  be  had  of  the  undersigned.  Entries  Close  on 
October  27.  .  _,      .  C.  S.  FUIDGE,  Sec- 

54,  York  Street,  The  Avenue. 

INGSTON     and     SURBITON 

CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY.  . 

The  NINTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hai;.  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  10  and  ir,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes,  the  CHAMPION  CHALLENGE  VASE,  value 
TWENTY-FIVE  GUINEAS,  will  be  offered.  Entries  Close 
November  5.     Schedules  and -further  information  of 

.,,    „      .    ...       ,  Ti,        _  T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 

bife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames.       •" 


NATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 
GRAND      EXHIBITION,      NOVEMBER    11    and    12. 
Sohedulesff.oe)  on  application.  ,     „        ,, 

Notice.— Floral  Committee  Meetings  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
on  October  28  ;  November  ti,  25  ;  December  9  ;  at  2.30P.M., 
precisely.    (Regulations see  Schedule.) 

WILLIAM  HOLMES. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  London,  E. 

National  Chr)'saiilhemum  Catalogue,  6d.  each. 

UDDERSFIELD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 

Th-  SECOND  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  the  Town 
Hall.  Huddersfield,  en  FRIDAY andS.\TURDAY,  November 
T3  and  14.  Entries  Close  on  Friday,  November  6.  Schedules 
and  Entry  Forms  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

Marsh,  Huddershdd.  JOHN  BELL,  Hon.  Sec. 

OYAL    BOTANICAL  and   HORTICUL- 

TURAL  SOCIETY  of  MANCHESTER. 

The  GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 
APPLES,  PEARS,  and  other  FRUITS,  will  open  in  St. 
James's  Hall,  Manchester,  on  TUESDAY,  November  t^.  For 
Schedules,  apply  to  the  uidersi^ned      BRUCE   FINDLAY. 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens.  Manchester. 

"VKOVIL     CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW 

X  will  be  held  in  the  Town  Hall  and  Corn  Exchange, 
Yeovil.cn  TUESDAY.  November  17.  The  Prizes  include  a 
SILVER  CUP  value  £<,  (or  cash  if  preferred)  for  Twenty-four 
Blooms,  Twelve  Incurvedand Twelve  Japanese,  distinct  varieliei ; 
Two  SILVER  MEDALS,  and  Two  Certificates  of  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  Society  ;  and  more  than  Fifty  other  Prizes. 
Numerous  prizes  are  also  ofifeied  for  Table  Plants,  Grapes. 
Pears,  Apples,  Tomatos,  Mushrooms,  Sic. 

Schedules  and  Entry  Forms  can  be  obtained  on  application  to 
C.  TITE,  Hon.  Sec  ,  Faiiview,  Veovil. 

Important  to  Exhibitors. — As  the  Bristol  Show  is  to  be  held 
on  Wednesday,  November  18,  and  the  Taunton  Show  on 
Thursday,  iglh.  Exhibitors  will  be  able  to  attend  all  three. 

U  L  L     and      EAST      RIDING 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  SECOND  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will 
be  held  in  the  Artillery  Bariacks.  Hull,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY.  November  ig  and  so,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of 
ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered 
for  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone,  including  a  tst  prize  of 
j£to  for  forty-eight  blooms,  coupled  with  the  Challenge  Vase, 
value  .£13  15J.  ;  2d  prize,  C&  :  3d  prize,  £5  ;  4lh  prize,  £2. 

Entries  Close  November  12,  Schedules  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Hon.  Sees., 

R    FALCONER  JAMESON,  (.„„„„..  j^..     „  ,, 
WM    HAWIs'^WDRTH.  ,  ijueen  s  uocK,  null. 


WM.  HAWKSWORTH, 


SHEFFIELD  and  WEST  RIDING 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
NOTICE  TO  EXHIBITORS.— The  Exhibition  of  this 
Society  will  be  held  in  the  Sheflield  Corn  Exchange,  on 
FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY,  November  zo  and  21,  instead  of 
on  the  13th  and  14th,  as  originally  fixed.  Entries  Close  on 
Saturday,  the  t4lh.  .^   ^    WOODCOCK,  Sec. 


CROUX    ET    FILS,   Nurserymen,    Vallde 
d'Aulnay,  a  Chatenay,  Seine. — 50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objjt  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle]  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,   Croix  de  la 
(  Le'gion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS^ 

Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 

Sample  of  Plants.  3,/.       Price  LIST  free. 

W.  LOVEL  andSON. 

Strawberry    Growers.     Driflield. 


5i6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[October  24,  1885. 


JERSEY  TREES-CARRIAGE   PAID, 
See   our   Collection   of  Pears 

at  the  Cliiswick  Conlci' 


''^I'lLudSTRATEDCATAUQCUES,  ,£/-   4 


prARQ APPLES,  PLUMS.  &c.,  i8i.  per  do/en. 

rCnnO        Espalier  traioed,  245.  per  dozen. 

pncrc Magnificent  Bushes,  <}s.  per  dozen. 

nUOLO        Stindards,  stronp,  155.  per  dozen. 
Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 


(Dll)  tirotablisluti. '"'^'^ 

ORNAMENTAL   TREES,       { 

ffrult  Urcea,         \ 

Evergreens  &  Cover  Plants,  C 

IRoscs,  ( 

And ALLOTHER Trees  A  Plants^ 
SPLENDID   QUALITY. 


f^f    ProiouHitd  by  rvtryotu  '•UnfJualUd." 

S^><.W>S^  NURSERIES   200   Acres. 


gUli;iblc-.iltoai;g.  Address  in  full— 

|5.*x(g.®icR5onc^^on0| 

j  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

^—5=^1^  Cbcstcr.  -^^r- 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6r.  per  bushel 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6./.  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  ir. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  dircaions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Ni 


CALCEOLARIAS,   PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERARIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  the  World,  u,6rf.  per  doz.,  loi.perioo, 
post-free,    I  n  small  pots,  zs.  (>d.  doz.,  i  8j,  per  i  oo, 

R,  J,  JOHNSON,  Esq.,  3.  H'.tltan  Street,  Oxford. 

Septtmier  21,    1885. 

"At  our  Show,  June  16,  1  gained  First  Prize  tor  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


lT4E+f^fSSVL€W£RE^ 


An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name, 

CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty,     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above, 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand  SHRUBS 

BOSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  posl-free. 

I  HheXl^Sons 

|J,U   Crawley,        W  Sussex.. 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 

Of  Choice    Haruv    Flower-Roots    for    Indoor   and    Spring 
Gardening  have  been  much  enlarged,  and  contain  as  under  : 

COLLECTION    "  F,"    FOR    SPRING    GARDENINS, 
Containing  93S  Bulbs. 

36  Hyacinths,  disliiicl  colouis.  '  400  Cri 


Tulips,  singl. 
50  Tulips,  double. 
25  Tulips,  single  late. 
20  Narcissus,  Polyaoihu^ 
30  Narcissus,  inc  inparabilis. 


I  Na; 


,  Pod 

,,  double. 


24  Gladiolu-. 
so  ,<;nowdropi, 

25  Spanish  Iris 
2S  Tri'eleia  uni 
25  Scilla  hyacii 


ulus,  double. 


COLLECTION    "C."    FOR    INDOOR. 
Containing  277  Chsloe  Bolbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


3  Roman  Hyacinths 
Tulips,  single  early— 
IX  in  4  fine  named  varielle.c. 

(i  Due  van  T  hoi,  red  &  yellow 

6         „         .,     scarier. 
Tulips,  double  eaily— 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white. 

6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  ctim- 

6  Tournesol,  [son. 

Crocus — 

too  in  10  line  named  varietieF. 
Naio.ssus,  Polyanthus. 

12  in  4  finest  named  varieties. 


Jon.iu.h- 
6  double,  sweet-sceni 

13  Scilla  sibtrica  (pra; 

W       ,°'"paraxis. 
12       ,,     Oxalis. 
12  Grape  Hyacinth  . 
(H.  bol 

6  Eranthis  liyemahs 

t  Snowdrops. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 


.  6,/. 


The  above  Pack; 
MERTENS  AND 
London,  E.C  ,  on  re 
particul; 


it-Hdl, 


;s  may  be  had  from  our  Agenls, 
O.,    3,    Cross    Lane,    St.    Maiy 
ipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order, 
our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  IN 
DOORand  SPRINT.  GARDENING,   see  our  complei 

ised   CATALOGUE    for    1885,   which    will   be    sent,    post- 
e,  on  application  t©  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct, 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland, 


RASPBERRY, 

DAUMFORTH'S  SEEDLING 

TRANSPLANTED   CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now   booking  orders  for  above  for  delivery 
as  soon  as  ready. 
Planting  Canes  ..    .. 
Fruiting  Canes  ..    .. 
rrkt  /.>  the  Trade  e 


THE  YORKSHIRE   SEED  ESTABLISHMENT,  HULL. 


CHOICE    IMPORTED 

•  DUTCH  BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-ofdoor  combined. 
Price  21^.  cash.  Package  and  Carri;iye 
Free.     Others  at  ds.  M.  to  /4  4-f. 

ROSES,  c)s.  per  doz;n. 
fine  Plants. 


A  bis  stock  and 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  S^'c ,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 


^  SPECIALLY  SELECTED      li^jjj* 

^  ROOTS  1  BULBS  ^ 

FOR    EARLY    FORCING,     b-c. 

B.  S,  WILLIAMS' 

Extra  Strong  Clumps  — 

LILY  OF  THE   VALLEY,    SPIRiEA   JAPONICA  and 

PALMATA   DIELYTRA  SPECTABILI3, 

BELLEBORUS  NIGER 

Single  Crowns  (German)  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY. 

AMARYLLIS,  seedlings  and  named 

v^irielles. 
FREEilA  REFRACTA  ALBA. 
GLADIOLUS  BRENCHLEYENSI3. 
GLADIOLUS  COLVILLEI  ALBA. 
GLADIOLUS  COLVILLEI  THE  BRIDE. 
LILIUM  AURATUM. 
LILIUMS  In  variety. 
TUBEROSES,  AFalCAN. 

For    Prh-es   ami   purlkuUrs,     see    lllustrnled    BULB 
C-I  TALOaUE.  pnt-f'ee  on  ,i/</:lk,ilio>i. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

I'lT'ER    HOLl.OW.aiY.    LONDON.    N. 


STRAW  BERRIES. 


NEW  HARDY  FRUITS. 

That  are  destined  to  revolulion'se  the  wlio'e  question  o 
"  Fiuit  CuLure  for  the  Fulute,"  I  e  idesalT.rdn.g  a  splen 
did  cpportuniiy  of  vas  ly  ei  coutagin^  home  nroducLiuus, 

and  utilising  land,  &c  ,  otherwise  useless. 
Illustrated  LIST  ^ath  and  post  free  to  all  applicants. 

VICCARS   COLLYER   &   CO.   Leicester. 


SURPLUS  STOCK. 
ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have   to  oft'er  the  following  Plants,  in  which 
they  abound,   at   reduced  prices.     All  the  siutT 
is    well  grown   and   in   fine    condition  for   safe 
removal  :  — 
RHODODENDRONb.    Hvbrid  Seedlings,  selected  when  in 

llj*er  and  the  ccl  lur  labelled  oo  each  plant,  good 

bushy  plants,  mostly  wiih  buds,  2J4  lo  3/^  f«t  high, 

24i.  t0  36j.  per  dozen. 
,.     Hybiid  Seedlings,  nit  selected,  but   of  vatious  dtour?, 

bushy  plants.  \\i  to  2  fret.  i»i.  per  doicn, /i  per 

100  :  larger,  very  fine,  >8i.  to  1^^.  per  c'oz-^n,  ifi  lo.. 

to  /q  per  lOD  ;  extra  large  bu  hes,  3  to  4^  f«t,  yns. 

to  42J.  per  dozen.     Most  of  these  are  wcil  set  with 

budi. 
,,     Seet^bngs  from   the  best   named    sorts  (inc'uJing  eailv'- 

bijoming  seedt.nes).  in  great  varieiy  of  colour,  good 

bushy  plants,  \  to  ij4  foot,  8j.  per  dozen.  50J.  per  100, 

many  with  flower-buds. 
,      choice  named  kinds  (including  numerous  beautiful  varieties 

of  our  own  raisinz)   fine  bushy  plains,  iJ4  to  3  *eet 

h'Kh,   mostly  well-set  with  buds,  301.,  4W.,  501.,  lo 


PLANTS    SUITABLE    FOR    POTTING. 

RHODODENDRONS.  Hybrid  Seedlings  of  various  colours, 
covered  with  buds,  bushy  plants,  i  to  2  feet  high,  15*. 
per  doien,  ^5  per  ico. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS  Seedlings,  from  some  of  the  best  varieties, 
distinct  light  and  dark  colours,  each  colour  kept 
seoarate.  buiihy  plants,  i  to  i>4  foot  high,  lia  t» 
fifteen   buds   oo  each,    91.  per  duzen,    55*.  per    100, 

,,     PONTICA,  bushy  plants,  i  to  \\^  foot  high,  well-budded. 

4J.  to  ts.  x>-x  dozen  :   larger,  gr  ,  I2.r..  to  \%s.  p-r  dnz. 
,,     DAVIESII,    beauti'ul    trusses    of    white    s*reet-.sccnied 

flowers,    best   of  all   for    forcing  ;    fine    plants,    well 

budded,  241.  to  30i.  per  dc>zen. 
,,     AVALANCHb,  pure  whue  sweel-jcented   fl  iwers    very 

c  nijact  and  bii-hy  habit  ;  good  plants,  will  budded, 

I  ILIUM  AURATUM  thrme-giown).  fiom  seed  of  our  own 
saving,  gocdfl.'wernig  Bulbs,  91.  to  i2J.  p;r  dozen. 

All  Goods  Free  on  Rail,  but  a  moderate  charge  will 
be  made  for  package. 


Cdih  or  re/a 


ispondents. 


ORMSKIRK,    LANCASHIRE. 


„2y^-- 


y 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


517 


/-^REAT  UALE  of  "M-URSERY  gTOCK, 


I  of  oil 


)  be  cleared 
L  the 


K  I  N  (;  S  T  O  N      HILL     NURSERY, 

During  the  months  of 

OCTOBER  AND    NOVEMBER, 

All  kinds  of 


ROSES     AND     FRUIT    TREES, 


T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSF.Kl  i:S.     K!  N<:STON-ON-  r  II A 
-Expiration  of  Lease. 


R' 


Special  Offer 
OSES,  Uest  Dwarf  H.F.,  35.?.  per  100  ;  fifty 


TJ£A  ROSKH,  i 

ing  Niphctos,  M.ii 

NKW  ROSES  o("i88s,  in  48-pots,  121.  per  doren. 
S  TANDARD  KOSES.  includins  Gloirc  de  Dijon  and  Mar&hal 
NicI,  121.  per  tlo/en. 

APl'LE  TREES,  Standards,  181.  per  doj.:  Pyramids,  ijj.  doz. 

.,     ..     IJush,  dr.  per  dozen  :  Dwarf-trained,  21J.  per  d.zen. 
rEARS.  Standards,  181.  per  dozen  ;  Pyramids,  s  to  6  feet,  211. 

,,    Dwarf-trained,  34J.  per  dozen. 
PI.UMS.  Standards,  181.  per  dozen  ;  Tr.-iined,  24r.  per  dozen. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  iots,  at.  bd. 

per  dozen,  i8f.  per  100. 
CURRANTS,  Red  and  lll.ack,  21.  per  dozen,  151  per  100. 
CONI FKRS,  for  Lawn  Pl.inting,  ad  gojd  varieties,  i  u.  p.  doz. 
SHRUBS,  Flowering.  41.  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree,  8t.  per  dozen. 
BAV,  S«eet.  9s.  to  i8t.  per  dnzen,  2  to  3  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  i  10  10  leet,  8>.  to  241.  per  dozen. 
IVIES,  in  sorts.  Plain  and  V.arieBalcd,  in  pots,  qs.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS,    Portugal,   Standards,   3  feet  stem*,  good  heads, 

2S.  M.  each. 
PYRUS  MAULEI,  fruit  makes  a  delicious  preserve,  in  pots, 

PRIVET,  for  Hedge  Planting,  13s.  lo  »5t.  per  zooo. 
ASH,  WcepinK,  stems  8  to  ro  leet,  3X.  6i.  each,  \   -h 

LABURNUMS,  good  he>ds,  II.  each.  S 

ELMS,  for  Avenue  Planting,  9  lo  12  feet.  xs.  6cl.  each.  ^ 
PLANES,  best  for  Town  Planting,  8  to  10  fl.,  u.  6  /.  each.  -  h 
POPLAR.S,  Black  Italian,  8  to  12  ft..  61.  to  t2s.  per  doz.  -3 
SYCAMORE,  8  to  10  feel.  Or.  per  dozen.  9 

THORNS,  Standard,  [lowering,  ijs.  per  dozen.  J  w 

The  best  Evergrcinifor  Sea-side  Plantini;. 
I'l  NE,  Au-Mri.an,  12  lo  18  inches,  61.  per  ico  ;  18  to  24  inches, 

izj.  6'/.  per  100 ;  34  to  30  inches,  301.  per  100  :  30  10 

36  inches,  35r.  per  100  ;  3  to  4  feet,  50J.  per  100. 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA,  in  pots,  4  105  It.,  i8s.  perilor. 
K.^CAI.LONIA  MACRANTHA,  in  pots,  6s.  per  dozen. 
EUONVMUS,  best  green,  12  10  18  inches,  41,  per  dozen  :  18  lo 

24  inches,  55.  per  dozen. 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  best  for  covering  walls,  61.  lo  91. 

per  dozen. 

Cash  Itt  accompany  order. 
CATALOGUES  posl-lrtc  on  appllcnlion. 

GARAWAY  &  CO  ,  Durdham  Down.  Clifton,  Bristol. 
100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  20s. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  ye.nr.    New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  free. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

OS  ES  — ROSES  — ROSES.— Thirty 

Tht)usand  Dwarf  Roses,  all  the  best  leading  varieties, 
nd  Irue  to  name,  strong  healthy  plants,  301.  per  100,  t,si 
ler  1000— mv  selection.     Send  for  sample  dozen,  \s. 

C.  ALLEN,  Stone  Hills  Nursery,  Heigham,  Norwich. 

liONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 

L       BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Late 
!  Broccoli  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
:oming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.    See  fot- 


R 


lowinR  « 


From  the  Car^ieners'  Chronicle  and  A^riculturai  Gazette, 
londnn  :— "MoNSTiiR  Broccoli.— A  few  days  >incc,  Mr.  C. 
Kesselt,  of  The  Coombe,  Penzmcf,  who  has  bten  a  Hroccr  li 
KTOWcr  for  upwards  ot  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Northern  Maikets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  together 
weiRhed  50  11).  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  llie  smeltlng-housc  had  to 
he  r  ailed  into  requisition  to  asceriain  the  weight  of  the  plants." 

Kctait  price,  2f.  td.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
'I'Lide.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL,  at,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 


BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

very  strong  bloomiiii;.  at  low  prices.      Also 

CYCLAMEN  SEEDS, 

l.'.rKest  llowcring,    Qircrcd  by 

JOSEPH  KLAR,    BERLIN  C.  L1IRIENSTRASBE  199. 

INTENDINC      PURCHASERS      OF 

FRUIT  TREES,   GRAPE  VINES,    ROSES, 

lu  Pots  and  Open  Ground, 

Are  invited  liy  HUGH  LOW  &  CO.  to  inspecl  the  grand 

.SK.ik  at 

BUSH    HILL    PARK    NURSERY,    ENFIELD,    N. 

The  <]iianlity  on  Sale  is  cnmni.nis,  and  the  quality  all  lh.it  could 
be  desired. 

.eiapton  Nurseries,  London,  E. 


POTATO, 

For  Present  Plantinf;,  in  Frames  and  Pols. 


8d.  per  Pound  (7  ll>.  Carriage  Paid). 

Victor  is  llie  perfection  of  I'olalos  for  frame  cultivation, 

Nau  Potalot  Jil  for  use  having  been  produced  by  it 
in  six  weeks  from  date  of  planting. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    &    CO., 

S  E  K  1)         M  E  i'l  CHAN  T  S, 
SLEAFORD. 


'  OUR'CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

WE  are  determined  (under  this  heading  in 
particular,  when  so  many  .trc  supposed  to  have  the  best) 
to  keep  our  announcement*  accurate.  Last  year  our  show  of 
four  100  feet  houses  was  described  by  the  Press,  and  admitted  to 
be  an  extntordinary  exhibition  and  the  best  trade  display  ever 
seen.  This  year  we  have  erected  five  houses,  Kpecinlty  con* 
fttructed,  which  present  a  continuous  bank  of  the  whole  family 
from  the  original  species  to  900  named  varieties,  looo  feet  by  4  to 
5  feet  wide,  of  nearly  5000  plants,  with  viKprous  dark  ^rccn 
tolLtge.  And  as  near  perfection  as  can  well  be  imaK>"^i  ""^  ^^^ 
treat  which  awaits  alt  lovers  can  icadily  be  anticipated.  Beyond 
this  the  collection  is  enriched  with  best  varieties  direct  from 
Japan  :  also  Messrs.  CuUinRford.  Tcesdalo,  A.  W.  Tail,  and  our 
own  seedings.  Consequently,  wo  feel  quite  justiBed  in  snvn'K 
that  nothing  hitherto  so  interesting  in  the  history  of  the  Chry- 
sanlhemum  ever  approached  lho5e  now  on  view  at  Swanley. 
Send  for  our  Catalogue— the  most  complete  and  descriptive  of 
the  best-kept  collection  in  England. 

H.     CANNELL     &     SONS, 

THE    HOME    111'    IT.OWERS, 

SWANLEY.     KENT. 


ONCIDIUM    JONESIANUM   (Rchb.  f.) 
OVER  ONE  THOUSAND  SPLENDID  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  .ire  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  l)y  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  F.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  30,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  tjrand 
importalion  of  ONCIDIUM  JONESIANUM,  in  simply  superb  order,  every  bulb  and  eye  being 
perfect.  There  are  rare  masses  among  them,  but  every  plant  is  fine,  the  greatest  care  and  trouble 
having  been  exercised  in  collecting  them.  ONCIDIUM  JONESIANUM  is  without  doubt  one 
of  the  finest  introductions  ;  it  has  extremely  beautiful  large  white  flowers,  the  lip  having  a  reddish- 
brown  crest,  and  the  sepals  and  petals  spotted  with  chocolate.  It  is  very  free  flowering,  as  many 
as  fifteen  flowers  on  a  spike  being  produced,  and  the  numerous  spikes  on  the  plants  offered 
demonstrate  how  floriferous  it  is. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogttes  had. 


B 


ULBS,       AFRICAN       and      NATIVE 

PLANTS    of    NATAL.     A    larRcj   variety,   compmini 
:,  hnantonhyllum«,  H.xnianthuK^  Native  Orchids,  Mont- 


FRUIT  TREKS. —  Fine  healthy  stock  ot 
cxlra-si«d  trees.  Horizontal  and  Dwarf-lrainod  A  PPLES 
and  PEARS,  Divarf-trained  APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 
PLUMS,  and  NECTARINES;  Standard  and  Pyrninidal 
PEARS  and  PLUMS.  IVuiting  trcM,  in  pots,  of  APRICOTS. 
PEACHES,    NECTARINES,  and    FKJS.     Prices  on  appli- 

1).  S.'  THOMSON  *N!>  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Wimhledon. 

TULES  DE  COCK,  Nurseryman,   Ghent, 

^J      HelKium.  —  Purple     llEECll    (Epgus     purpurea),   true 
IIYbRANGEA 


variety,    i-Vr.,   5J.    per    mo,    40J.    per 

PANICULATA  ORANIMI'LORA,  very  eood  plants,  351.  per 

iful  clumps,  C\  per  1000. 

heads,  with  buds,  /s,  jC6,  j£8, 


SPIR.KA  lAPONlCA.  I: 
AZALEA  INDICA,  with  fine  1 
Ztoperioo:   A.  MOLLIS,  with  Imds, /;2  and /la  per 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  double  and  single  varietiei:  (some 
of  the  llowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  ol 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb* 
ing  and  bedding,  from  lar.  to  us,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  inay  ttcno  be  Icnoclccd 
out  of  pots  and  sent  by  |»:ircel  post,- 
AND  CO.,  Ni 


,  Nurseryn 


id  Seed  Me 


Vinos    Vlnen    Vlneo. 

THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  C.iwan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 

country,  either  for  fruiline  in  Dots  or -' -' — '—      »"--'- 

Hambiiruhs  Vire 


rli  I   Kri 


11.0  Vii 


Nn 


I  W  A  N ,     I ,  I  \'  K  R  I 


Ctka\viu-:rkiI':s.    l 

0     6o's.  for  potting  on  or  pLint 

.uliiij;  s(»rts,  in  large 

lid  out.     Low  prices  to  the 

1  r.ide  and  others.     LIST  on  apphc 

at  ion. 

KUANCIS  R.  KINGHORN.  Nur 

scryman,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

MR.  DODWELL'S  (IRANI)  CARNA- 
TIONS, the  finest  grown.  aooo  Pl.ants,  iiidudiiig 
Seedlings  of  lliis  autumn,  to  lie  Sold  (or  the  benehl  of  the  Prize 
I'uiul  of  the  UNION  CARNATION  and  PICOTEE 
SOCIKIY. 

Special  terms  to  the  Tt.ade.     Particulars  on  application, 
Ad.ltcss-HEAD    GARDENER,    The    Cottage,    Stanley 
Road,  Oxford. 

The  Two  Oems  of  tbe  Season  In  Early  Feaa. 

MR.  BUKliURY  desires  to  draw  the  atten- 
tion ol  the  Tr.ido  lo  these  two  PEAS.  "  EARLY 
KENILWORTH"  and  "WILLIAM  the  CONl.lUEROR  " 
—the  latter  forming  an  excellent  succession  to  the  former. 
They  are  both  Itlue  Marrows  of  the  greatest  excellence.  The 
stock  is  about  200  bushels. — Apply  for  printed  testimonials,  price. 
Sc,  to  W.  liURBURV,  Florist,  &c..  The  Crew,  Kenilworth. 

NoveltlsB. 

CUPRESSUS      LAWSONI      ERECTA 
ALBA,  novelty. 
,,    „    robusta,  novelty.  Eor  description,  see  my  Catalosne  of 

spring.  1885. 
„    ..    Silver  Queen,  novelty. 
CIIIONODOXA  SARDKNSIS.   novelty,   awarded    a   First- 
class  Certificate  in  London,  Marcn  34,  1885. 
SP1R/I;A    PALMATA    alba,     novelty,  awarded    a    First- 

cL-iss  Certificate  in  London.  June  17,  1885. 
THYMUS  LANUGINOSUS  FOL.   VAR,   novelty.     For  de- 
scription see  my  Catalogue  of  spring,  1865, 
Prices  on  application. 
A.  M   C.  JONGKINDf  CONINCK,  Tottenham  Nurseries, 
Dedemsvaart,  near  ^wolle,  Netherlands. 

ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — Splendid 
Plants  of  the  following  and  other  fine  varieties,  in  7-iiich 
pots,  341.,  Jo^M  7f>^  I  and  421.  per  dozen  : — Miirrtjhal  Niel, 
Gtoire  do  Dijon,  CIicHliunt  Hybrid,  Dovonicnsii,  Duke  of 
Connaught,  Homer,  I-sahclla  Spriint,  Madame  Lanibard, 
Madame  Willermoz.  Niphetos,  Etoite  de  Lyon,  Peric  den 
Jardins,  Safr.ino,  &c.  Our  Roses  are  well  known  to  be  the 
finest  and  healthiest  in  the  country.  Complute  LISTS  of 
varieties  in  <ttock  will  be  sent  on  application. 

The LIVKRPOOLHORTICUI/rURAL CO.  (Ichn Cowan), 

Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  NurscncR,  (larston,  nr;ir  Liverpool. 

TeicRraphic  Address— "  COWAN.   LIVKRPOOL." 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  FlorlBts, 

DUTCH    nULHS     .Sc.istm   iKa-;. 

WHY  pay  Krci^Iit  from  Holl:ind  to  London 
on  Dutch  Hiilbs,  when  ytiti  can  buy  .it  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  thein  broucht  over  free  by  order- 
ii.K  from  LKWIS  ISAACS,  WHor.KSAi.rt  Imi'Ohtkk  ov  Dutch 
but. us,  lit  3, Victoria  Warehouses,  Manseil  Street,  AUJRato.  E.C.  T 
Kstiiblishcd  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-lree  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Itulb'^  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

Olants,  Kings,  Queens,  and  Emperors. 

THK    MONSTERS    among    DAFI-'ODILS. 
"  Extraordinary  fine  specimens  from  Ireland.      Veritable 
Giants."— Vide  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  25,  1885. 

Six  big  weighty  Iliilbs,  for  present  planting,  post-free,  gf. 
Two  of  each,  17J.  6</. — viz.,  HorsAcld's  King,  Uackhouso's 
Kmperor  and  Empress.  Pickstone's  Uig  Welshman,  Trumpet 
MaximiiH,  and  Hartland  %  Golden  Dragon.  The  above,  with  a  copy 
of  *•  Harlland's  Original  Little  Hook  for  188^,"  post-free,  witri 
orders  above  lof.  6,1'.- W.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Special 
DaJTodil  Grower,  Seed  Warehouse,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 

BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLET.S.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  liloomiag.  Comte  Hrazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, ds.  per  do/cn  plants,  xis.  per  dozen  clumpH  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac  ;  New  York,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  red 
eye  ;  Hello  de  Chatcnay.  Double  Ked  Russian,  Marie  Louise, 
Queen,  Trao,  all  finest  Doubles,  3.1.  dd.  per  do/en  plants,  ^s.  6d. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  KWeetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cuhivation.  also  ROSES,  CARNATIONS,  and  PRIM- 
ROSES, ■2%d.,UM. 

Mr.  R.  W.  HEACHEY,  Fluder,  Kingskerswell,  Devonshire. 


518 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  iS 


ECKFORD'S  NEW  CULINARY  PEAS  FOR  1886. 


M 


NOW    OFFERED    FOR     THE    FIRST    TIME. 

R.  WILLIAM  BULL  has  much  pleasure  in  offering  the  two  following  magnificent  Culinaiy  Peas,  which  have  been  raised  by  the  celebrated 
hybridist,  Mr.  HENRY  Eckford,   Gardener  to  Dr.  Sankey.     These  two  varieties  have  been  selected  and   grown  with  much  care,  and 
constitute,  both  in  flavour  and  bearing,  great  advances  on  existing  kinds  :  — 


DUKE   OP  CONNAUGHT  (Eckford's). 

FIRST-CLASS  CERTIFICATE. 
A  most  excellent,  distinct  main-crop  Pea,  attaining  a  height  of 
4  to  5  feet,  producing  in  the  most  abundant  manner,  long,  square-ended, 
bright  green  pods,  well  filled  with  seven  or  eight  large  Peas  of  very 
superior  flavour.  It  is  a  magnificent  variety  for  E.xhibitio_n.  As  a  proof 
of  its  great  superiority,  this  Pea  was,  after  trial  at  Chiswick,  awarded  a 
First-class  Certificate  by  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

Ill  Sealed  Quartei'-pint  Packets,   2S.  6d.  each. 


PROGRESS. 

A  splendid  late  variety,  growing  to  a  height  of  5  feet,  very  vigorous 
and  productive,  bearing  a  profusion  of  dark  green  pods  of  medium 
size,  well  filled  with  seven  or  eight  bright  green  Peas  of  excellent 
flavour. 

This  extremely  prolific  variety  can  be  strongly  recommended  as  a 
marked  advance  on  those  already  in  cultivation,  and  forms  a  very 
handsome  variety  for  exhibition  purposes. 

Ill  Scaled  Quarter-pint  Packets,   2s.  6d.  each. 


Respecting  the  above  Peas,   Mr.  Charles  Penny,  Gardener  to  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,   Sandringham,  writes  :— "  Your  Pea  Duke  of  Connauglit  is  of 
e.tcellent  flavour,  and  Progress  first-class  in  every  particular.     I  can  confidently  recommend  them,  and  am  sure  they  must  give  general  saiisfaciion." 


ECKFORD'S   NEW  SWEET  PEAS  FOR  1886. 

NOW    OFFERED    FOR     THE    FIRST     TIME. 

In  oSfering  the  following  three  New  Sweet  Peas,  raised  by  Mr.  Henry  Eckford,  Gardener  to  Dr.  Sankey,  Mr.  William  Bull  is  pleased  to  say 

that  they  will  be  found  distinct  and  desirable  acquisitions  :  — 


CARDINAL. 

A  splendid  robust  growing  variety,  producing  a  great  profusion  of  bright 

shining  crimson-scarlet  flowers,  very  distinct  and  handsome. 

In  Packets,    is.  6d.  eaclt. 

PRINCESS    OP    WALES. 

A  lovely  variety,  shaded  and  striped  with  mauve  on  a  white  ground, 
in  a  most  pleasing  manner  ;  flowers  of  great  substance  and  perfect  shape. 
It  has  been  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  by  the  Floral  Committee  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

In  Packets,    is.  6d.  each. 


INDIGO       KING. 

The  standard  of  this  charming  variety  is  of  a  dark  maroon-purple, 
with  clear  indigo-blue  wings. 

In  Packets,   is.  6d.  each. 

ECKPORD'S      NEW     MIXED 
SWEET     PEAS. 

This  special  strain  of  mixed  Sweet  Peas  is  saved  from  choice  named 
and  unnamed  varieties  of  Mr.  Eckford's  raising.  These  are  of  various 
colours  and  the  mixture  includes  many  of  great  merit. 

In  Packets,   is.  each. 


PHACELIA    CAM  PANUL  ARIA. 

This  is  not  only  a  lovely  annual,  but  one  of  the  most  beautiful  blue  flowers  known.     It  has  been  introduced  from  Southern  California,  is  of  dwarf 
bushy  habit,  and  bears  a  profusion  of  erect,  bell-like  flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  of  the  brightest  ultramarine-blue.     In  Packets,  \s.  each. 


Establishment  for  New  and 


WILLIAM  BULL,  F.L8.,   Ra^S 


536,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.W. 


THE    BOILER    OF    THE    AGE. 

WEEKS'S  PATENT  DUPLEX  UPRIGHT  fUBULAR  BOILER 

PRESENTS    A    CAREER    OF    UNPARALLELED    ACHIEVEMENTS. 


Up\vards     of     38QO     in     Operation. 

A  guarantee  for  ten  years  (subject  to  the  usual  printed  conditions)  given  with  every  Duplex  Boiler, 

when  fixed  by  J.  Weeks  &  Co. 
Full  particulars  and  Illustrated  Catalogue,  13M  editio7i,  post-free. 

Address— J.   WEEKS   &   CO.,  Horticultural  Engineers,  KING'S   ROAD,   CHELSEA,    S.W. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3id. 


W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


519 


National  Pear  Conference, 

Royal  Hortiatltural  Sociely's  Garden, 
Chiswick,  Oct.  20  to  No%>.  4. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 

OCTOBER  17  and  FOLLOWING    WEEKS 

WILL  CONTAIN  I 


PEARS     AND     PEAR     CULTURE, 

Contributed  by  the  Leading  Growers  of  the  day, 
and  Illustrated  with  numerous 

ORIGINAL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  issue  for  October  24  will  cotitain  a  full 
REPORT  of  the  EXHIBITION  of  PEARS 

AT    CHISWICK. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  these  Numbers  are 
the  following  eminent  Pomologiats :— 


Messrs.  Backhou-e,  York 

R.   Gilbert,    Buileigh,    North- 

A.   K.  Barron,  Chiiwick,  Mid- 

amptonshire 

dlesex 

T.     Jones.      Royal     Gardens, 

R.  D.  Bl.ckraore,TeddinEtin, 

Frogmore 

Middlesex 

H.    Lane   &    Sons,    Berkhara- 

G.  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  Kent 

stead 

T.  Coomber,  Monmouth 

C.     Lee     &     Son,       Ealing, 

The    Cranston    Nursery    Co, 

Middlesex 

Hereford 

W.     Miller.     Combe     Abbey, 

A.  Dean,  Bedfont,  Middlesex 

Warwickshire 

M.    Dunn,    Dalkeith,    Midlo- 

Francis    Rivers,     Sawbridge- 

thian 

woith,  Herts 

Jas.  Dickson,  Che  ter 

C.  B.  Saunders,  Jersey 

f.  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester 

R    Smith  &  Co..  Worcester 

J.  Douglas,  Ilfotd,  Essex 

W.     Wildsmith,       Heckfield, 

W.  Earley,  IKord,  Essex 

Hants 

S.  Ford,  Leonardslee,  Sussex 

J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Fulham 

D.  T.  Fish,  Bury  St.  EdoiuDd's 

Price  $(/-,   post-free  5;^*/. 

May  be  ordered  of  all   Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at 

ths  Railway  Uaokitalls,  or  obtained  direct  from  the  Publisher 

W.  RICHARDS.  4',  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

YEITCR'S  DAFFODILS 

for  Pot-Culture  or  Planting. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Hoyal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

Our  Collecti'in  of  tluse  hardy  a^td  attractive  early  sprina- 
ficnvtring  Bulbs  embraces  all  the  finest  and  most  distnict 
ivell-ktcnun  variettee,  as  also  the  mast  beautiful  and  desirable 
new  hybrids. 

BICOLOR    HORSFIELDII   (King  of  DaffodUs) 

A  splendid  large  free-flowering  early  variety. 

Per  dozen,  loi. 

BICOLOR    EMPRESS. 

One  ol  the  largest  and  noblest  of  all  Daffodils,  grand  form. 

Each,  II.  (td.  ;  per  dozen,  155. 

BICOLOR    LOKIFOLinS    RUGILOBOS. 

Showv  variety,  very  free  blooming  and  early,  fine  for  cutting. 

Per  dozen,  2S.  id.  ;  per  100,  151. 

BICOLOR    LORIFOLIUS    EMPEROR. 

lost  noble  and  striking  Daffodil  in  cultivation,  a  most 
beautiful  and  desirable  variety. 
Each,  25,  ;  per  dozen,  aif. 

MAJOR    MAXIMUS. 

Immense  size,  one  of  the  finest  and  laigest  of  all  Daffjdils. 

Per  dozen,  51.  f,d. 

MAJOR    OBVALLARIS    (Tenby  DaffodH). 

Ericht  yellow,  dwaif.  and  floriferous  ;  one  of  the  eaniest. 
Per  dozen,  is.  ;  per  100,  12J.  6d. 
MOSCHATDS    CERNtJUS    PLENU3. 
.■1  extremely  beautiful  and  very  scirce  creamy-whi 


The  I 


Each, 


.id. 


MOSCHATDS    PALLIDUS    PR.KCOX. 

Very  early  flowering,  pale  sulphur  coloured  flowers. 
Per  dozen,  31. 

ODORUS      MINOR      PLENDS 
(Queen  Anne's  Double  JonquU). 

One   of  the  prettiest    and    most    exquisite    varieties. 

Per  dozen,  65. 

POETICUS    ORNATUS. 

Vety  early,  broad  pure  white  perianth,  with  red  crown. 
Per  dozen,  is.  ()d.  ;  per  ico,  izr.  6d. 

SINGLE  DAFFODIL   (Lent  Lily).     Per  too,  3s. 

DOUBLE   DAFFODIL.      Per  too,  3s 

PHEASANT'S    EYE   NARCISSUS.      Per  100,  31. 

DOUBLE    WHITE    SWEET-SCENTED    NARCISSUS, 

Per  100,  4s.  6d. 

iS-  Fcr  other  varieties,  see  CATALOGUE,  Gratis  and 

Post-free  on  afplicatiaii. 

ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


SUTTON'S 


SUPERB 

HYACINTHS. 


Carefully    Selected   from    the    Principal 
Bulb  Farms  in  Holland. 


SUTTON'S 

COLLECTIONSofHYACINTHS 

POTS  and  GLASSES. 

100  in  100  very  choke  .-o-ls.  carriage  fres  . .  £4     4     0 

100  in  50  very  choice  s  iris,  carriage  free          ..     3  10     0 

50  :n  50  very  choice  sorts,  carriage  free          ..220 

50  in  25  very  choice  sorts,  carriage  free          ..     1  15     0 

25  in  25  very  choice  sorts,  carriage  ftee           -.110 

J  2  in    12  extra  fine  choice  sorts 0  12    0 

12m    i2choicesorts         0    9    0 

12  in    15  good  sons  0    6    0 

SUTTON'S 

"SPECIAL" 

EXHIBITORS'COLLECTIONS 

25  Splendid  Hyacinths  for  Exhibition      ..  ..£220 

12  Splendid  Hyacinths  for  E.xhibition     ..         ..110 

"  The  too  Hy.acinths  I  had  from  your  (iim  are  now  in 
bloom,  .an!  ihey  are  solcndid.  They  win  the  admir.ation  of 
all  who  s:e  ihcm." — Mr.  J.  B.  BussELL,  Gardener  to  Mr?. 
P.  T.  Pelhain,  Abermarlais  Park. 

"  At  the  Bristol  Sp  ing  Show,  in  March  last,  the  Hya- 
cinths we  had  f;om  you  were  awarded  a  Silver  Medal  from 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  for  the  bes-  twelve  Hya- 
cinths in  the  show."  —  Mr.  G.  Marsh,  tardener  to  M. 
Dunlop,  Esq  ,  St.  Michael's  Hill  House. 

"  The  Hyacinhs  supplied  by  Messrs.  Sutton  for  forcing 
both  in  glasses  and  poti,  have  been  maffnificent  ih  s  year, 
each     cne    a     perfect     ipecimen."  —  Mrs.     Hatherrll, 

Leamington. 

For  further  particulars  see 

Sutton's  Bulb  Catalogue,  for  1 885, 

Containing  Complete  Cultural  Instructions, 

Gratis  andfoslfyee  on  afflication. 


Seedsmen  bv  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  tbe  <2ueen 

and  H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    24,    1885. 


PARALLELS    OF    PEARDOINL 

WHAT  is  a  Pear  in  the  world  of  pliilology? 
In  the  Saxon  vocabularies  (Wright,  i., 
2S5)  it  is  pcre,  pera,  and  pirigc.  These  are 
obvious  deductions  from  the  Latin  pyrus,  which 
again  is  a  possible,  though  not  obvious,  deduc- 
tion from  the  Greek  rt/wj-.  Daubeny  (7>r«  ^_/ 
Ancicntf;  p.  147)  assigns  to  Greece  ten  species 
of  Pyrus,  and  to  Italy  six.  Of  MaUis,  the  Apple, 
and  Cydonia  or  Cydqnium,  the  Quince,  there  is 
nothing  now  to  be  said,  for  the  Pear  is  a  suffi- 
cient handful.  It  is  impossible  to  avoid  the 
suspicion  that  pyrus,  pyre,  and  pyramid  are  re- 
lated, if  not  in  a  strictly  objective  way,  yet  by 
analogy  of  thought.  The  pyre,  indeed,  was  a 
pyramid  in  construction,  and  a  flame  ever  tends 
to  a  pyramidal  form.  But  the  wood  of  the  Pear 
was  not  in  request  for  burning  of  the  dead  ; 
that  of  the  Pine  was  preferred  before  all  other, 
and  for  the  best  reasons,  although  when  the 
"  pyrall  combustion "  proceeded  slowly,  it 
might  at  one  time  have  been  customary  to  add 
a  woman  as  being  "unctuously  constituted" 
and  more  inflammable  than  eight  or  ten  bodies 
of  men  (Brown,  Urne  Burial,  iv.,  22).  But 
necessity  has  no  choice.  The  burning  of  the 
dead  was  a  fine  custom,  instituted  in  defence  of 
the  living  (Warburton  on  sixth  ^Eneid),  and 
the  deed  was  done  with  the  best  means  at 
command.  Therefore,  as  regards  the  materials, 
there  was  never  any  pious  prescription.  In 
another  direction,  perhaps,  we  may  see  a  flame 
in  the  woods  when  Pyrus  communis  mixes 
golden  leaves  with  ruddy  fruits  ;  and  if  we  could 
associate  Pyrus  aucuparia,  which  is  common  to 
all  Europe  (Watson,  Cybele),  we  should  obtain 
a  pictorial  harmonisation  of  the  elements  before 
us.  Pyrus  and  pyriim  passed  into  f>irigc,  and 
thence  to  pere  and  pera,  as  in  Chaucer's 
Merchant's  Tale,  1025  :— 

"  Now  sire,  quod  she,  for  ougt  that  may  betide, 
1  moste  have  of  the  peres  that  I  see. 
Or  1  moste  die,  so  sore  longeth  me 
To  elen  of  the  smal  peres  green." 

And  again  in  the  same  tale— 

"  .So  long  about  the  alleyes  is  he  gon. 
Til  that  he  was  coraen  again  to  the  pery." 

In  "Piers  Ploughman,"  5,  16,  it  \i pirie  which 
carries  us  direct  to  the  Latin,  as  in  Pliny, 
Virgil,  and  Columbella.  Skeat  {^Et.  Die.) 
says,  "  root  unknown."  The  modern  Welsh 
pcran,  a  Pear,  and  peratn,  Pears,  take  us  more 
directly,  because  not  through  any  corruption,  to 
the  Latin.  But  that  is  just  what  we  expect  a 
Celtic  tongue  to  do,  for  it  is  a  far  off  branch  of 
the  same  tree,  and  reminds  one  of  the  Italian 
pera,  for  Pear,  as  well  as  of  the  English 
perry,  the  liquor  that  is  made  from  it.  We  will 
make  an  end  of  the  dilficulty  by  calling  it  the 
fire  tree,  the  tree  that  makes  a  pyramid  of  flame 
to  light  up  the  autumnal  woods,  giving  real 
warmth  ultimately  by  its  eatable  fruits,  which 
are  pyramidal  in  form,  and  therefore  flame-like, 
a  resemblance  often  augmented  by  a  fiery 
colour. 


520 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1885. 


"  The  fabric  seem'd  a  wood  of  rising  green, 
With  sulphur  and  bitumen  cast  between, 
To  feed  the  flames  :  The  trees  were  unctuous  Fir, 
And  Mountain  Ash,  the  mother  of  the  spear  ; 
The  mourner  Yew,  and  builder  Oak  were  there  ; 
The  Beech,  the  swimming  Alder,  and  the  Plane, 
Hard  Box,  and  Linden  of  a  softer  grain  ; 
And  Laurel,  which  the  gods  for  conquering   chiefs 
ordain."  Dryden,  Arcitt. 

Bergaiiwl  is  a  collective  name  for  a  distinct 
class  of  Pears.  In  the  popular  regard  the  name 
connects  the  fruit  with  the  essential  oil  derived 
from  the  yellow  rind  of  Citrus  limetta,  the 
fragant  Lime.  The  Bergamot  of  the  garden  is 
the  Monarda,  an  American  genus,  and  there- 
fore out  of  the  category.  A  Bergamot  Pear 
need  not  have  any  fragrance.  It  takes  its 
name  from  Bergamo,  a  town  in  Lombardy, 
where  certain  kinds  of  smallish  Pears  were 
grown  and  became  famous  for  their  sweetness. 
In  Cotgrave  thus  :— "A  yellow  Peare,  with  a 
hard  rind,  good  for  perry ;  also  the  delicate 
Italian  small  Peare,  called  the  Bergamotte." 
For  a  general  definition  of  a  Bergamot  Pear, 
perhaps  small  and  sweet  should  suffice. 

A  Best  Pear  is  a  foundling,  a  wilding,  a  thing 
without  a  history.  The  Dictionary  of  the 
Acadcmie  gives  the  vague  and  worthless  defini- 
tion, "  Nom  gen<!rique  de  plusiers  sortes  de 
Poires."  Leroy,  i.,  265,  gives  a  proper  clue. 
He  says,  "  Le  mot  (ou  bezy)  appartient  .\  la 
langue  Bretonne  et  signifie,  d'apr^s  les  Diction- 
naires  de  Trevoux  et  de  Richelet,  Poire  saii- 
vage,"  and  he  adds  that  most  of  the  Pears  that 
bear  the  name  have  been  found  "  k  I'dtat  de 
sauvageon."  Thus,  Besi  d'H^ry  was  discovered 
in  the  forest  of  Hdry,  in  Brittany.  Besi  de 
Quessoy  was  found  in  the  forest  of  Quessoy. 

A  Beiirre  Pear  is  a  buttery  Pear,  therefore 
has,  or  should  have,  a  melting  fiesh.  The 
editor  of  the  new  Ogilvie  has  missed  it,  for  it 
should  be,  where  it  is  not,  in  his  vol.  i.,  p.  359. 
Humour  creeps  in  where  it  is  least  looked  for. 
Here  is  a  transcript  from  Mitaud's  Boyer — 
"  '  Beurrier,'  a  butterman.  '  Des  auteurs  a 
beurricres,'  Grub  Street  writers.'  "  Does  it  mean 
that  those  writers  provided  paper  for  the 
butter-shops .'  The  Laureate  could  only 
think  of  curl-  papers  when  writing  In  Me- 
moriam  (Ixxvi.,  7). 

Fondante  is  the  equivalent  of  Beurrd,  and 
should  indicate  a  melting  Pear. 

Bon,  or  Bonne,  might  pass  for  good  ;  but  it 
may  mean  large,  unusual,  extra  fine  in  any 
way  whatever.  For  the  most  part  it  may  be 
taken  to  indicate  a  thing  about  the  goodness  of 
which  there  can  be  no  dispute. 

A  Catillac  is  a  reminder  of  an  engine  of 
punishment,  "  parce  que  sa  chain  s'attach6  h.  la 
gorge  de  celui  qui  la  mange  crue  !  " 

Cobnar  is  the  capital  of  the  department  of 
the  Haut-Rhin,  France,  sweetly  situated  at  the 
foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains.  It  is  a  great 
place  for  manufactures,  and  also  for  Pears  ; 
the  variety  known  as  Colmar  having  been 
grown  there  for  hundreds  of  years  ;  and  it  pro- 
bably is  one  of  the  thirty  or  forty  the  Romans 
were  choice  about.  Several  of  the  modern 
Colmars  are  seedlings  of  Van  Mons,  and  have 
their  first  or  generic  name  from  their  general 
characters,  and  not  from  any  geographical 
relationships. 

Dilice,  m.,  and  Dt'lices,  f ,  imply  delightful  ; 
and  it  happens  that  all  the  Pears  having  this 
prefix  are  good. 

Doyennt'  refers  to  the  deanery,  and  seems  to 
imply  that  the  Pear  having  such  a  prefix  origin- 
ated in  the  cure's  garden.  In  Boyer  we  have 
"  Doyenni^  (sorte  de  Poire),  Carlisle  Pear,  the 
Dean's  Pear."  Leroy  knocks  the  dean  on  the 
head  by  saying  the  name  was  given  to  the  Pear 
known  as  Doyennd  to  indicate  its  excellence  : 
''d'une  chose  de  qualitd  supiirieure  :  c'est  la 
doyennt."  As  a  generic  term  it  is  the  equiva- 
of  Bon,  and  should  speak  of  a  good  Pear. 

Muscat,  as  applied  to  a  Pear,  suggests  that  it 


has  a  musky  flavour.  It  has,  in  respect  of  the 
fruit,  nothing  to  do  with  Muskovy. 

Passe,  apart  from  a  suffix,  means  almost  any- 
thing, but  in  this  particular  connection  it  indi- 
cates high  quality.  Thus  "passe-fin,"  excellent 
fine  cloth,  as  in  Cotgrave.  So  Passe  Colmar 
must  be  a  superb  Colmar  Pear.  Whether 
raised  or  found  at  Colmar  is  of  no  consequence, 
for  Ostend  rabbits  are  grown  at  Ghent  and 
Bruges. 

A  Rousselet  is  a  red  Pear.  A  rousseau  is  a 
red-haired  man.  The  verb  roussit  means  to 
redden,  or,  as  our  country  folks  would  say 
"ruddle."  The  Summer  Pear  known  as  Rous- 
selet d'Aoit  was  anciently  known  as  the  Ron- 
selet.  Cotgrave  gives  "Rousselet,  the  name  of 
a  delicate  small  Peare."  Freely  translated  it  is 
the  Little  Russet.  The  type  is  Gros  Rousselet, 
described  in  Martyn's  Miller  as  of  a  dark  red 
colour. 

Crassane  is  a  troublesome  word  as  a  prefix  to 
a  Pear.  It  suggests  the  choke  Pear,  which  was 
anciently  so-called,  and  is  thus  defined  in  the 
latest  Ogilvie  : — "  A  kind  of  Pear  that  has  a 
rough  astringent  taste  and  is  swallowed  with 
difficulty,  or  which  contracts  the  parts  of  the 
mouth."  Leroy  gives  a  list  of  thirteen  "  Cras- 
sanes,"  all  of  which  are  described  under  other 
names.  A  rough  thick  coat  is  doubtless  all  that 
is  needed  to  constitute  a  Crasanne,  for  the  coat 
being  removed  there  remains  more  to  gratify 
than  to  pain  one.  Dodoens  describes  the  wild 
Pears  as  rough,  binding,  and  chokely.  Parkin- 
son says  the  perry  made  of  choke  Pears  becomes 
as  mild  and  pleasant  as  wine,  "  and  will  hardly 
bee  knowne  by  the  sight  or  taste  from  it" 
{Parad.,  594).  In  Martyn's  Miller  the 
chokey  Pear,  Poire  d'Etrangillon,  No.  27  of 
list,  is  described  as  having  red  flesh.  Dodoens 
says  the  chokely  Pears,  "  eaten  rawe  or  backte 
before  meale  ...  do  fortifie  and  strengthen  the 
stomacke  "  {Lyte,  713). 

Calebasse  means  like  a  calabash,  a  Gourd,  or 
a  bottle. 

Wardens  are  long  keeping  cooking  Pears. 
Hogg  associates  them  with  the  Cistercian  Abbey 
of  Warden,  in  Bedfordshire,  "where  a  particu- 
lar Pear  was  cultivated  and  used  in  pies  ;  "  and 
he  quotes  from  the  Clown  in  Winters  Tale, 
"  I  must  have  saflTron  to  colour  the  Warden 
pies,"  which  is  prose,  though  quoted  in  Fruit 
Manual  as  verse.  Turner,  in  Herbal  (156S) 
says  of  Warden  Pears,  they  are  called  wola, 
'■  that  is,  the  holow  place  or  loofe  of  a  mannis 
hand,  because  they  be  as  big  as  a  man  can 
grype  in  the  palm  or  loofe  of  his  hand. 
These  are  commonly  called  in  English  War- 
dens, if  they  have  a  bynding,  and  be  rede, 
when  as  they  are  rosted  and  indure  unto 
Marche  or  February.  It  appeareth  that 
they  have  theyr  name  of  long  keping,  for 
'  warden  '  in  Duche,  from  whence  our  English 
came,  is  to  kepe.  Serotina  pira  are  they  that 
hang  upon  theyr  mother  until  winter,  and  were 
ripe  with  the  frost.  These  are  parteley  our 
wardenes,and  parteley  other  long  during  Peares, 
which  are  called  in  Duche  winter  biren,  and 
they  may  well  be  called  in  English  winter 
Pears  "  (Herbal,  ii.,  108).  The  Cistercian  and 
Benedictine  monks  were  amongst  the  foremost 
founders  of  gardening  in  these  isles,  but  the 
associat-on  of  the  Warden  Pear  with  a  par- 
ticular establishment  is  scarcely  justified  by 
coincidence  of  name.  The  Dutch  "  weeren  " 
and  "  waerden  "  is  the  source  of  our  English 
word  "  warden,"  and  carries  with  it  the  twofold 
idea  of  a  keeper  and  something  to  be  kept. 

' '  For  rightfuUiche  reson,  sholde  nide  gow  alle. 
And  kynde  wit  be  wardeyn  your  welth  to  kepe. 
And  tutor  of  gowre  treasure." 

"  Piers  Ploughman,"  15. 

Wardens  were  of  many  kinds.  Tusser  speaks 
of  "  Wardens  white  and  red "  in  yanuary's 
Abstract.  Parkinson  speaks  of  the  "  Red 
Warden  and  the  Spanish  Warden  most  excellent 


Peares,  either  to  bake  or  to  roast,  for  the  sick  or 
for  the  sound."  Turner  speaks  of  dried  Pears 
in  a  way  to  imply  that  Wardens  were  the  best 
for  the  purpose,  but  as  a  matter  of  course, 
any  dry  textured  Pear  would  answer.  He 
says  "The  broth  of  dried  Peares  stop  the 
bellye,"  a  direct  reference  to  their  astringent 
properties.  Falstaff,  contemplating  the  laugh 
turned  upon  him  at  court,  after  the  buck-basket 
business,  anticipates  becoming  "  as  crestfallen 
as  a  dried  Pear,"  a  sufficient  suggestion  that 
dried  Pears  were  common  comestibles  in 
Shakespeare's  time.  Shirley  Hibberd. 


FRUIT   TREES   AT   MESSRS. 
LEE   &   SON'S,    EALING. 

Of  Ealing,  it  has  been  well  said  its  history  has  yet 
to  be  written — but  it  bids  fair  to  supply  the  materials 
at  an  early  date.  The  place  has  a  fascinating  charm 
for  every  true  horticulturist,  for  from  there  came 
those  ever-to-be-remembered  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  unsurpassed  specimens  of  cultural  skill,  that 
created  such  a  sensation  at  the  old  Chiswick  shows 
of  the  Horticultural  Society,  We  allude  of  course 
to  Ealing  Park,  the  home  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Lawrence,  mother  of  the  President  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  and  himself  an  ardent  horti- 
culturist. Here  is  a  strong  argument  for  the  "  here- 
ditarians."  But  it  is  not  our  purpose  to  dwell  any 
further  on  Ealing  Park — indeed  it  would  be  dif&cul 
to  do  so.  It  has  been  shorn  of  its  glory  by  the 
speculative  builder  ! 

There  can  be  nothing  more  interesting  to  those 
connected  with  the  cultivation  of  fruit  trees  than  to 
look  over  the  collections  of  Apples  and  Pears  in  a 
first-rate  nursery,  where  these  are  grown  extensively, 
to  see  the  number  of  varieties,  and  to  note  the 
different  characters  of  the  fruit  in  colour,  foim,  and 
size,  and  to  compare  notes  as  to  the  correctness  of 
names,  &c.  ;  also  the  great  diversity  in  the  growth 
of  the  trees,  especially  to  those  who  have  a  fancy  for 
any  particular  kind  of  fruit  or  form  of  tree,  as  they 
are  to  be  found  in  all  forms  and  shapes  suited  to  the 
varied  tastes  of  the  planters. 

One  of  the  oldest  (perhaps  the  oldest,  for  they  were 
established  in  1720)  nurseries  is  that  of  Messrs. 
Charles  Lse  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  who  have  one 
of  their  branch  establishments  at  Ealing,  containing 
about  25  acres,  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  fruit 
trees  ;  the  soil  is  of  a  deep  loamy  nature,  in  every 
way  suitable  to  the  growth  of  fruit  trees.  Very 
great  attention  is  given  to  the  selection  of  the 
various  stocks  as  most  suitable  on  which  to  work 
the  different  kinds.  Here  are  to  be  seen  whole 
quarters  of  standard  Apples  growing  upon  the  free 
stock,  suitable  for  orchard  planting  ;  also  pyramidal 
and  trained  trees.  Perhaps  the  most  interesting  Apple 
feature  here  is  to  see  a  quarter  of  pyramid  Apples 
worked  on  the  [Paradise  stock,  literally  laden  with 
fruits  of  line  size. 

Mr.  George  Cannon,  Messrs.  Lee's  manager,  him- 
self an  enthusiastic  fruitist,  recommends  this  kind  of 
tree  to  be  more  extensively  planted,  especially  in  small 
gardens,  as  they  are  of  a  compact  moderate  growth, 
very  prolific,  while  the  fruit  comes  to  such  fine  size 
that  too  much  cannot  be  said  in  their  favour.  It  is 
worthy  of  note  that  he  recommends  that  all  the  free- 
bearing  varieties,  such  as  Lord  Sufiield,  Stirling 
Castle,  Keswick  Codlin,  Manx  Codlin,  Potts'  Seed- 
ling, Frogmore  Prolific,  Ecklinville  Seedling,  Haw- 
thornden,  and  Worcester  Pearmain  should  be  worked 
on  the  freestock,  behaving  found  that  these  sorts  when 
on  Paradise  bear  so  freely  as  to  become  stunted  in 
growth  and  the  fruit  small  ;  but  such  sorts  as  the 
following  are  benefited  to  a  very  marked  degree, 
being  made  prolific  and  producing  fine  large  fruit, 
viz.  : — Ribston  Pippin,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Margil, 
Sturmer  Pippin.  Claygate  Pearmam,  Adam's  Pear- 
main,  Cockle  Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins,  and  Pine- 
apple Russet  ;  these  comprise  some  of  the  finest 
dessert  kinds.  The  following  kitchen  sorts  should  be 
worked  on  the  Paradise  stock  also,  viz.  : — Alexander, 
Blenheim  Orange,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch  (it  may  be 
remembered  what  magniticent  examples  of  this  variety 
were  exhibited  by  Messrs.  Lee  at  the  great  Apple 
Congress  at  Chiswick  in  1SS3),  Beauty  of  Kent, 
Golden  Noble,  Warner's  King,  Lady  Henniker,  Gal- 
loway Pippin,  Alfriston,  Annie  Elizabeth,  and  Gloria 
Mundi ;  the  above  mentioned,  grown  as  single  and 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


521 


double  cordons,  produce  some  of  the  finest  and  largest 
fruit  frequently  to  be  seen  on  the  exhibition  tables. 

Pears  do  well  at  this  nursery,  some  of  the  pyra- 
mids and  the  espaliers  are  carrying  nice  crops  of  fruit. 
A  collection  of  fruit  from  these  trees  is  now  been  exhi- 
bited at  the  National  Pear  Congress  at  Chiswick.  Most 
of  the  fruit  on  these  trees  is  growing  on  the  Pear  stock. 
There  is,  however,  a  nice  collection  worked  upon  the 
Quince,  and  these  should  be  largely  planted — such  as 
Beurre  Diel,  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey,  Beurrt^  Superfin,  Doyenne  du  Cornice,  Beurre 
Hardy,' Doyenne  Bassaie,  Beurre  d'Aremberg,  Eeurrt 
Bachelier,  Bergamote  d'Esperen,  Duchesse  d'Angou- 
leme,  Fondante  d'Automne,  White  Doyenne,  and 
Soldat  d'Esperen.  All  these  make  6ne  pyramids  on  the 
Quince,  and  produce  6ne  fruit  on  most  soils.  The 
following  do  not  succeed  well  on  the  Quince,  but  they 
are  so  indispensable  that  they  should  not  be  left  out 
of  any  collection,  and  these  have  to  be  grown  on  the 
Pear  stock,  viz.  :— Jargonelle,  Williams'  Souvenir 
du  Congres,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Marie  Louise,  Glou 
Morfeau,  Winter  Nelis,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Easter 
Beurre,  and  Beurre  Ranee  ;  they  are  all  good  bearers 
when  properly  cultivated,  that  being  more  vigorous 
growers  on  the  Pear  stock  they  require  attention  paid 
to  root  pruning. 

The  next  special  feature  at  this  nursery  is  the 
stock  of  standard,  half-standard,  and  dwarf-trained 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apricots  ;  there  are  thou- 
sands of  these  trees  in  the  finest  condition,  both  for 
houses  and  outside  walls.  The  loam  at  Ealing  seems 
to  be  particularly  adapted  for  the  growth  of  the  Peach, 
making  nice  even  growth,  and  well-matured  wood. 
With  these  trees  very  great  attention  is  paid  to  the 
different  stocks  on  which  to  bud  the  many  kinds  of 
Peaches  and  Nectarines,  as  they  differ  so  considerably 
in  this  respect  that  too  much  importance  cannot  be 
given  to  this  subject. 

The  collection  comprises  all  the  latest  and  newest 
kinds,  but  the  good  old  favourite  sorts,  such  as  Royal 
George,  Grosse  Mignonne,  Bellegarde,  Early  York, 
Noblesse,  Elruge,  and  Pitmaston  Orange,  are  still  to 
the  front,  and  in  greatest  demand,  but  a  few  sorts 
may  be  mentioned  which  are  most  useful  additions, 
viz.  : — Alexander,  the  best  and  earliest  variety  ; 
Condor,  fine  and  early;  Early  Silver  and  Dr.  Hogg, 
good  second  earlies  ;  Dymond,  showy,  mid-season  ; 
and  Sea  Eagle  and  Princess  of  Wales,  good  late 
kinds.  Lord  Napier,  Humboldt,  and  Pine-apple 
Nectarines,  have  established  themselves  as  the  three 
finest  Nectarines  grown.  Peaches  in  pols  are  also 
grown  successlully  at  this  nursery. 

There  is  a  great  stock  of  Plums.  Thousands  are 
grown  in  dwarf  trained  standards  and  pyramids,  and 
also  the  same  with  Cherries. 

Roses  are  here  successfully  (as  the  leading  horticul- 
tural exhibitions  testify)  and  extensively  cultivated. 
There  are  20.000  standards  and  half  standards,  and 
the  same  number  of  dwarfs,  all  showing  a  condition 
of  growth  that  only  such  soil  as  is  to  be  found  at  this 
nursery  can  produce. 

There  is  a  centre  walk  nearly  half  a  mile  in  length 
planted  on  each  side  with  specimen  shrubs,  and  a 
fine  collection  of  herbaceous  plants  is  here  to  be  seen 
in  good  order.  Thus  Messrs.  Lee  are  marching  with 
the  times,  for  herbaceous  plants,  long  left  in  the  *'  cold 
shade  of  opposition,"  are  deservedly  making  known 
their  many  claims  to  recognition  by  emerging  from 
such  shade  into  the  full  light  of  universal  approbation. 
To  those  who  are  more  particularly  interested  in 
Rose  and  fruit  tree  cultivation  we  should  recommend 
a  visit  to  this  excellently  managed  nursery.  They 
will  find  a  guide,  philosopher,  and  true  friend  in 
Mr.  Cannon.  The  stock  will  be  found  in  excellent 
condition,  the  climate  of  Ealing  being  good  and  suf- 
ficiently far  from  the  metropolis  to  escape,  in  a  great 
degree,  the  London  smoke. 

Such  stock  as  is  here  to  be  found  used  to  be  grown 
at  the  nursery  of  the  firm  at  Hammersmith  (of  happy 
memory  as  regards  this  firm),  but  with  the  inevitable 
increase  of  railways  and  bricks  and  mortar,  all 
nurseries  of  this  description  have  had  to  seek  fresh 
fields  and  pastures  new,  where  the  gentle  art  might  be 
carried  on  unmolested,  if  not  amidst  such  venerable 
and  honoured  associations. 

The  soil  of  Ealing,  generally,  is  of  a  loamy,  holding 
nature,  well  suited  to  fruit  trees,  and  especially  Roses, 
which  do  wonderfully  well  ;  and  the  villa  gardens 
make  a  good  show  of  these  flowers,  and  are,  asa  rule, 
well  kept — the  allotment  gardens  at  Ealing,  culti- 
vated by  the  cottagers  (for  extent),  holding  their  own 
with  any  in  the  country,  and  an  earnest  appeal  was 
made  at  the  recent  twenty-first  anniversary  dinner  of 
the  Ealing  Horticultural  Society,  by  the  Hon.  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  R.  Dean,  to  the  "powersthat  be,"  that  such 
allotments  should  be  extended.  May  the  appeal  be 
not  made  in  vain.  It  was  made  in  a  good  cause. 
There  are  very  few  suburban  places  where  gardening 
is  carried  out  better  than  at  Ealing,  and  the  presence 
in  its  midst  of  the  excellent  society  before  mentioned 
has,  doubtless,  much  to  do  with  this  very  desirable 
and  encouraging  state  of  affairs. 


BENEDICT    ROEZL. 

All  those  interested  in  the  introduction  of  inter- 
esting plants,  indeed  all  those  who  sympathise  witTi 
courage,  energy  and  intelligence,  will  learn  with 
great  regret  of  the  death  of  this  renowned  collector, 
at  Prague,  in  the  sixty-second  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  born  in  Bohemia  and  began  his  horti- 
cultural career  when  he  was  twelve  years  old.  To 
write  an  account  of  his  wanderings  and  adventures 
(he  was  robbed  seventeen  times),  to  detail  all  that 
we  owe  to  his  zeal,  would  demand  far  more  space  than 
we  can  give.  We  have  therefore  judged  it  best 
simply  to  repeat  the  summary]  biographical  notice,  for 
which  we  were  indebted  to  him  some  ten  years  ago. 

Since  that  time  Roezl  has  chiefly  resided  at  Prague, 
but  was  noPan  infrequent  visitor  to  this  country.  It 
was  as  late  as  the  summer  of  this  year  that  we  were 
privileged  to  see  him  and  avail  ourselves  of  his 
experience. 

"I started  in  my  horticultural  ca,reer,"  writes  M.  Roezl, 
"  in  my  thirteenth  year — in  1836.  I  was  apprenticed  in 
the  gardens  of  the  Count  of  Thun  at  Totschen,  in 
Bohemia,  from  which,  after  three  years,  I  went  to  the 
gardens  of  the  Count  Paulikowsky,  at  Medica,  Galicia. 
At  that  time  these  gardens  contained  the  largest  collec- 
tion of  plants  in  Europe,  and  I  was  there  enabled  to  gain 


iENEDICT     ROE2L. 


most  ol  my  botanical  knowledge  of  plants.  After  staying 
three  years  I  went  to  the  far-famed  gardens  of  Baron 
Von  Hugel  ;  from  there  I  went  to  Telsch,  in  Moravia,  to 
Count  Lichtenstein,  and  from  there  to  Ghent,  to  M.  Van 
Iloutte,  where  I  stayed  five  years.  I  was  chef  de  culture 
in  the  School  of  Horticulture  of  the  Belgian  Government. 
After  this  I  served  for  two  years  as  foreman  to  M.  Wagner 
in  Riga  (Russia).  From  Riga  I  went  again  to  M.  Van 
Houtte  for  two  years,  but  I  could  no  longer  restrain  my 
ardent  wish  to  see  the  tropics,  and  I  proceeded  vid  New 
Orleans  to  Mexico — this  was  in  1854.  In  Mexico  I 
started  a  nursery  for  European  fruit  trees  ;  there  also  I 
collected  a  large  number  of  Mexican  Pines.  From  thence 
I  sent  to  Europe  Dahlia  imperialis,  Bouvardia  Hum- 
boldtii,  Zinnia  Haageana,  Cosmos  atropurpureus,  Agave 
schidigera,  and  many  other  plants.  I  introduced  into 
Mexico  the  culture  of  the  Ramie  (Bbhmerla  tenaceis- 
sima),  and  planted  many  acres  of  land  with  it. 
I  invented  also  a  machine  for  extracting  and  clean- 
ing the  fibre  of  Ramie  and  Hemp,  and  took  out  a 
patent  for  my  machine  from  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  on  September  17,  1867,  The  Agricultural 
Exhibition  awarded  a  diploma  for  it  in  February,  i368. 
This  discovery  was  the  cause  in  1868  of  the  loss  of  one 
of  my  arms.  Many  people  in  Havana  solicited  me  to 
exhibit  my  machine  there,  and  I  was  asked  by  some  gen- 
tlemen to  try  if  the  machine  would  extract  the  fibre 
from  Agave  americana.  The  result  of  the  trial  proved 
my  assertion,  that  the  fibre  would  come  out  green,  was 
correct ;  but  in  endeavouring  to  show  that  they  were 
right  in  their  assertions  they  managed  in  some  way  or  the 
other  to  fasten  some  screws  tighter,  so  as  to  get  the 
cylinders  closer  together,  and  I,  not  knowing  this,  in 
putting  a  leaf  between  the  cylinders  (making  360  revo- 
lutions per  minute)  lost  my  left  arm.     Afterwards  I  again 


travelled  in  Mexico,  and  discovered  Dalechampia 
Roezliana  rosea,  Aphelandra  aurantiaca  Roezli,  Campy- 
oboIrysOrtgiesii,  C.  Roezlii,  Naegelia  fulgida  and  digitali- 
flora.  From  '^MexicoJ  I  went  again  to  Havana  and 
Cuba,  and  discovered  Microcycas  species. 

"Afterwards  I  proceeded  to  New  York,  to  start  on  my 
Californian  travels  over  the  Kocky  Mountains  and  Sierra 
Nevada.  I  discovered  here  the  new  Lilies  Washingtoni- 
anum,  puberulum,  parvum,  and  Humboldtii  ;  the  latter 
I  found  on  the  hundredth  memorial  day  of  Alexander 
Von  Humboldt,  and  hence  named  one  of  the  species 
after  him.  The  Lily  in  question  does  not  come  from  the 
Humboldt  country,  as  some  catalogues  assert.  I  also 
found  here  Saxifraga  peltata,  Calochortus  Leichtlinii, 
Abies  magnifica,  and  many  others  that  have  been  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time.  From  there  I  went  to  Panama 
and  Ocana,  in  New  Grenada,  where  I  found  Utricularia 
montana,  Anasctochilus  Ortgiesii,  and  forwarded  about 
lo.ooo  Orchids  to  Europe,  and  something  like  500  species 
of  plants.  From  there  I  went  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  from 
Santa  Martha  ;  I  found  there  Telepogon  Roezhi  ( Reich. ), 
and  of  which  I  collected  800  plants.  These  died  in  one 
night,  owing  to  the  great  heat  in  Rio  de  Hatcha.  I  also 
found  many  new  varieties  of  Odontoglossum,  and  for- 
warded upwards  of  3000  to  Europe. 

"Then  at  the  beginning  of  the  Franco-German  war  I 
went  to  Panama  and  San  Francisco,  and  owing  to  the 
war  many  of  my  assignments  arrived  dead  at  their 
destination.  Wishing  to  await  the  end  of  the  war,  I 
went  to  the  Washington  Territory  and  found  Lilium 
columbianum,  and  a  great  variety  of  Conifer  seeds. 
From  there  4  proceeded  to  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  to 
gather  Conifer  seeds,  but  the  harvest  was  lost  on  account 
of  the  severe  frost.  From  there  I  went  to  South 
California,  then  to  Panam*and  Bonaventura,  in  Choco  ; 
here  I  found  Gaura  Roezlii,  and  Lindeni,  and  Cypri- 
pedium  palmifolium  and  Roezlii.  Here  I  also  gathered 
Cattleya  chocoensis,  and  brought  them  to  Bonaventura 
to  ship  them,  and  returned  through  the  valley  of  Cauca. 
Now  a  very  difficult  journey  commenced  through  the 
State  of  Cauca  to  Antioquia,  where  I  discovered  large 
quantities  of  many  varieties  of  Masdevallias,  described 
by  Professor  Reichenbach,  and  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium,  Curmeria  picturata,  Cattleya  gigas,  Phyllotoe- 
nium  Lindeni,  and  many  Dieffenbachias  and  other 
.'Vroids.  .After  a  journey  of  six  months.  I  travelled  down 
the^.Magdalena  River,  and  to  Colon  and  Panama,  thence 
to  North  Peru,  crossed  the  Andes,  where  I  found  a 
scarlet  Violet,  a  new  specimen  of  Heliotrope,  Tillandsia 
argentea,  Epidendrum  Frederici  Guilielmi,  MasdevaUia 
amabilis,  &c,  I  returned  to  Payta  to  ship  my  plants 
and  myself  loo,  and  went  to  Bonaventura,  found  Odonto- 
glossum Roezlii,  and  when  almost  exhausted  I  found  on 
the  way  MasdevaUia  chimcera,  and  several  new  Aroids, 
which  I  brought  myself  to  Europe.  After  staying  about 
four  months  and  visiting  the  principal  towns  and  nur- 
series, and  seeing  my  parents  again,  I  started  once  more 
for  a  new  series  of  trav  els. 

"  On  August  3,  1872,  I  went  from  Liverpool  vid  New 
York  into  the  Colorado  Territory,  and  in  Denycr  City  I 
was  robbed  of  2000  dollars,  the  whole  of  my  possessions. 
There  I  collected  Yucca  angustifolia.  Calochortus  Kre- 
lagii,  Ipomcea  leptophylla,  and  proceeding  to  New 
Mexico  found  the  beautiful  Abies  concolor  (Engelmann), 
Yucca  baccata,  many  hardy  Cacti,  and  many  annuals 
and  perennials.  From  there  I  went  again  to  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  where  I  found  Pinuseduhs,  P.  Bolanderi,  and 
collected  Californian  Lilies,  and  went  to  San  Francisco 
and  thence  vid  Acapulco  into  the  Sierra  Madra,  where  I 
found  Odontoglossum  maxillare  pulchellum,  citrosmum, 
roseum,andmany  others— altogether 3500  Orchids,  which 
arrived  in  London  in  fine  condition.  From  there  I  went 
to  Panama  over  the  Isthmus,  and  went  to  La  Guayra  to  get 
to  Caracas  in^Venezuela,  where  1  found  Cattleya  labiata 
Roezlii.  I  forwarded  in  all  no  less  than  8  tons  of  Orchids  to 
London.  From  ^there  [to  St.  Thomas  and  to  Havana 
and  Vera  Cruz,  then  to  the  Isthmus  of  Teheuantepec 
and  into  the  State  of  Oajaca,  in  Mexico,  where  I  found 
a  real  'new  wonder,'  the  double  Poinsettia  pulcherrima, 
which  has  already  flowered  in  New  York,  and  many 
Cacti  and  Agaves,  Dion,  and  Orchids — in  all  10  tons  of 
plants.  From  the  city  of  Mexico  I  returned  from  Vera 
Cruz  to  go  to  New  York,  from  New  York  to  Panama, 
from  there  to  Lima  and  Peru,  over  the  Oroza  Railroad, 
crossed  the  Andes  at  a  height  of  17,000  feet  to  Tarma 
and  Chanchamaga,  brought  back  with  me  10,000 
bulbs  of  various  sorts,  Pilocereus  mollis,  many  new 
Bromelias,  Loasas,  Calceolarias,  Fuchsias,  Mutisias,  and 
many  other  new  plants.  From  thence  I  returned  to 
Lima  and  Callao  to  South  Peru,  to  Morienda  and 
Arigipa,  to  Puno  on  the  Lake  of  Titicaca.  From  there 
I  went  to  La  Paz,  in  Bolivia,  and  from  thence 
I  went  over  the  Snowy  Mountains  of  Illimani  to  the 
province  of  Yungas,  there  I  found  Odontoglossum 
selligerum,  Telepogon  Benedict!,  MasdevaUia  aspera, 
many  new  bulbous  Begonias,  Loasas,  Tacsonias, 
Tropceolums,  and  others.  From  thence  I  returned  to 
Tacna  and  Arica  to  Lima  ;  from  there  again  I  went  to 
Payta,  crossed  the  Andes  to  Huaca-Camba,  from  whence 
I  sent  home  many  MasdevaUias  and  Odontoglossums, 
Pilocerei^    Peacockii,    and  Telepogon    Hercules,  and 


522 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1S85, 


went  to  Guayaquil  (Ecuador).  From  there  down  the 
Chimbazo,  found  the  Zimia  Pescatorea  Roezlii  (Rchb.), 
Batemanni,  Walliiii  (Rchb.).  and  others.  I  returned  to 
Guayaquil,  and  went  to  Bonaventura  to  visit  once  more 
the  Valley  of  Cauca,  where  I  found  Masdevallia  chimitra, 
Odontoglossiim  Roezlii,  Pescatorea  Dayana,  and  many 
others.     With  these  I  started  once  more  for  London." 

Such,  in  mete  oullioe,  is  the  account  of  M.  Roezl's 
wandeiingi,  and  of  the  results  of  his  travels. 


odoxtoglossl;m  cirrosum. 

There  is  one  point  referred  to  in  a  recent  letter 
on  Orchid  culture,  by  Mr.  Douglas,  which  it  always 
appears  to  me  is  not  sblticiently  considered  by  most 
growers,  and  that  is  the  great  effect  that  locality 
and  the  size  and  position  of  the  Orchid-house  has 
upon  the  treatment  required  by  the  plants  within  it. 
As  an  example  of  this,  Mr.  Douglas  says  that  he 
finds  his  Odontoglossum  cirrosum  thrive  best  in  the 
Cattleya,  or  intermediate-house  ;  but  my  experience 
ditTers  entirely  from  his.  I  grew  my  cirrosums  for 
some  years  in  the  intermediate  house,  with  the  un- 
varying result  that  the  plants  were  sickly  and  weak 
and  frequently  did  not  fiower  at  all.  For  the  past 
three  years  I  have  grown  them  in  a  cold  Odontoglos- 
sum-house,  and  they  are  vigorous  and  healthy  and 
flower  with  strong  spikes. 

Again,  a  large  and  well  known  grower  assured  me 
lately  that  Coelogyne  ciistata  would  not  flourish  with 
him  in  a  cooler  temperature  than  that  of  the  Cattleya- 
house  ;  but  all  my  plants  are  kept  in  a  cool  house 
with  Lycastes  and  La;lia  anceps  and  autumnalis,  and 
they  can  vie  with  those  o(  any  other  grower  in 
vigorous  health  and  in  the  quantity  and  quality  of 
the  flowers.  About  two  years  ago  I  nearly  killed  all 
my  Odontoglossum  Rossi  majas  and  O.  Cervantesii  by 
removing  them,  on  experienced  advice,  into  the  Odon- 
toglossumhouse  ;  but  now  they  ate  replaced  in  the 
intermediate-house  they  are  again  in  strong  health. 
I  believe,  therefore,  that  it  is  impossible  to  give  any 
general  rule,  excepting  within  very  wide  limits,  as  to 
the  correct  treatment  and  temperature  for  any  class 
of  Orchids,  as  these  points  ditTer  much  according  to 
the  conditions  under  which  they  are  grown,  and  can 
only  be  determined  for  each  locality  by  experience 
and  trial.  S.  CoiiiiaulJ,  Backing  Place,  Braintrte, 

Van  DA   CcIRULKA. 

In  a  recent  number  a  correspondent  mentions 
Vanda  ccerulea  as  not  often  seen.  I  lately  had 
a  plant  of  it,  imported  from  Mandalay,  liurmah, 
some  five  years  ago,  in  flower  for  the  first  time.  The 
flowers  were  large,  flat,  of  a  beautiful  pale  turquoise 
colour,  and  finely  reticulated  with  darker  lines,  like 
the  wing  of  a  dragon  fiy.  It  was  greatly  admired  by 
those  who  saw  it.  I  have  not  seen  this  reticulation 
mentioned,  nor  is  it  shown  in  the  portrait  given  in  the 
Garden,  vol.  xxi.,  18S2,  p.  254,  in  which  the  colour 
is  also  very  inferior.   H.  J.  Ross. 

■ One  frequently  hears  remarks  passed  upon  the 

difficulty  experienced  in  flowering  this  beautiful  Orchid 
in  a  satisfactory  manner  ;  but  our  experience  here  with 
a  small  piece,  about  i  foot  4  inches  in  height,  is  of  a 
nature  calculated  to  make.'  us  hesitate  before  entirely 
concurring  in  that  opinion.  The  plant  in  question 
was  bought  about  twelve  months  ago  with  one  flower- 
spike  showing.  This  season  it  has  produced  two 
strong  spikes,  each  with  nineteen  flowers  upon  it,  and 
besides  these  two  more  spikes  have  pushed  through, 
and  are  evidently  prepared  to  grow  away  should  the 
present  spikes  be  removed  at  once  before  the  plant  is 
exhausted.  Rather  more  than  the  usual  amount  of 
shade  has  been  given  on  account  of  other  Orchids 
occupying  the  same  house,  and  rather  less  than  the 
usual  quantity  of  water  has  been  supplied  to  the 
roots,  or,  more  correctly  speaking,  to  the  moss,  for 
the  majority  of  the  toots — as  is  usual  with  these 
epiphytes— are  in  the  air.  F.,  The  Mole.  [Tell  us 
how  you  manage  it.   £d.] 

At  p.  469  it  seems  I  am  called  upon  to  define 

the  use  or  meaning  of  terms.  This  I  consider  the 
purport  of  "J.  D.'s  "  question  when  he  asks  me  what 


I  consider  a  handsome  flowering  specimen.  Seeing 
that  I  applied  the  expression  to  a  certain  plant  which 
he  has  evidently  inspected,  it  behoves  me  to  stand 
by  and  explain  it  without  shifting  ground  to  obtain 
a  definition.  The  word  handsome  simply  means 
beautiful  or  good-looking.  Of  course  we  must  always 
make  a  comparison  in  order  to  be  understood  when 
we  say  a  plant  is  handsome  ;  but  I  fail  to  see  that 
the  application  in  the  present  instance  implied  that 
the  plant  in  question  was  in  any  way  superior  in  merit 
to  average  specimens  of  the  same  species.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  we  compare  it  with  the  darker  coloured 
bat  smaller  flowers  of  V.  ccerulescens,  there  can  be 
little  difficulty  in  deciding  which  has  the  more  hand- 
some flowers.  Furthermore,  the  plant  in  question  is 
small,  with  a  stem  of  about  7  inches,  closely  furnished 
with  healthy  unspotted  leaves,  and  the  raceme  bears 
eleven  flowers,  each  averaging  about  3J  inches  across. 
The  specimen  will  not  compare  with  the  magnificent 
one  figured  in  Warner's  Select  Orchids,  p.  iS,  but  it 
will  compare  very  favourably  with  dried  plants  I  have 
seen  that  were  collected  on  their  native  Khasia  hills  ; 
and  the  flowers  ate  in  themselves,  or  whether  com- 
pared with  those  of  other  species,  undeniably  hand- 
some. Since  v;titing  the  previous  article  another  and 
fewer  flowered  specimen  has  opened  its  buds,  with 
which  the  said  article  has  nothing  to  do.    y.  F, 

Here  there  are  two  nice  plants  of  this  lovely 

species  in  flower,  which  are,  I  think,  extra  good  for  the 
size  of  the  plants ;  they  are  growing  in  Teak  baskets, 
and  are  only  S  inches  high,  with  seven  pairs  of 
leaves  ;  each  has  spikes  \\  foot  long,  and  twelve 
flowers  upon  each.  The  variety  is  very  fine,  with 
flowers  neatly  4  inches  across.  F.  Bedford,  Slraflan. 

DiSA  MACRANTHA,    Thimbcrg. 

In  a  recent  number  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
p.  470,  Mr.  Burbidge  refers  to  a  plant,  collected  by 
Cjoper  in  Kafi'raria,  in  the  British  Museum  her- 
barium as  belonging  this  species.  I  am  responsible  for 
this  statement,  having  mentioned  it  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Burbidge.  I  am  afraid  I  must  correct  it.  The  plant 
alluded  to,  which  I  had  not  then  properly  examined, 
is  a  young  D.  crassicornis.  D.  macrantha,  Thunb. ,  I 
have  not  met  with.  It  seems  to  be  very  similar  to  D. 
cornuta,  and  I  should  not  imagine  it  to  be  superior  to 
that  species  as  a  cultural  plant.  Any  way,  I  fear  it 
must  be  added  to  the  already  considerable  list  of  lost 
Cape  plants.  H.  N.  Ridley. 

ONCIDIUM  OCHTUODES  and  O.   CHRYSORNIS. 

The  above-named  plants  may  both  be  seen  in 
flower  at  the  present  time  at  Kew,  and  as  on  com- 
parison Ihcy  prove  to  be  one  and  the  same  species,  it 
may  be  inicteiting  to  record  the  fact,  especially  as 
they  are  likely  to  be  flowering  in  other  collections. 
Both  were  described  in  these  columns  by  Dr.  R-;ichen- 
bach — O.  ochthodes  in  1871  (p.  14S3),  and  O.  chrys- 
ornis  in  iSSo  (vol.  xiv.,  n.s.,  p.  620),  and  both  were 
found  in  Ecuador.  The  former  was  imported  by  Mr. 
Bull,  through  one  of  his  collectors.  Dr.  Reichenbach, 
when  describing  it,  pointed  out  its  afiiaity  with  O. 
pyramidale,  Lindl.,  and  remarked  :  — "  It  would  be 
that  species  if  its  petals,  columnar  wings,  and  lip  were 
not  very  distinct."  Beside^lhese  difl'erences,  however, 
may  be  noted  its  stouter  habit,  larger  and  denser 
panicle,  with  more  zigzag  branches.  It  is  a  native  of 
Peru.  O.  chrysornis  was  discovered  by  Klaboch,  and 
afterwards  by  Ilouda.  The  ditference  between  the 
two  is  very  slight — less,  indeed,  than  often  occ*irs 
between  individuals  of  the  same  species.  The  older 
name  of  ochthodes  will  have  to  be  retained  for  the 
species,  which  is  well  marked  by  the  long  beak-like 
rostellum  and  hatchet-shaped  column-wings.  O. 
chrysornis  represents  a  slate  with  the  markings  some- 
what less  distinct  than  the  type.  R.  A.  RolJ'e,  IJer- 
barium,  Kc~^i'. 

Odontoglossum  brevifolium. 

This  rare  and  extremely  handsome  Odontoglot, 
native  of  the  Peruvian  Cordilleras,  where  it  was  dis- 
covered by  Hartweg,  is  now  in  petlsc'ion  at  the 
Woodlands,  Streatham  Hill  ;  and  although  Mr. 
Measures  has  in  his  collection  the  very  cream  of  the 
genus,  there  are  a  few  only  that  can  equil  in  beauty 
this  grand  species.  The  flower-spike  is  erect,  with 
about  a  dozen  large  flowers,  which  are  of  a  lich 
shining  chestnut-brown  colour,  bordered  with  yel- 
low, the  major  portion  of  the  labellum  being  yellow 
in  just  sufficient  quantity  to  form  a  pleasing  and 
beautiful  contrast.  Of  the  numbers  of  handsome 
Orchids  in  flower  mention  must  be  made  of  the  extra 


fine  varieties  of  Cypripedium  insigne,  including  all 
the  newest  and  very  best.  Of  the  true  autumn- 
flowering  Cattleya  labiata  there  is  a  good  healthy 
specimen  with  two  large  spikes  of  bloom  ;  and  the 
charmingly  bright  and  beautiful  Cattleya  aurea,  the 
best  variety,  is  also  blooming  freely.  In  fact,  this 
collection  is  noted  for  the  many  superb  varieties 
contained  in  it,  and  at  any  time  of  the  year  something 
exceptional  is  sure  to  be  found  at  the  Woodlands. 
7.  G. 

Orchids  at  Kew. 
The  last  week  in  September  is  about  the  worst 
time  in  the  whole  year  to  expect  a  display  of  flowers 
in  the  Orchid-houses,  but  there  was  a  goodly  display 
here  at  the  time  of  my  visit.  Cattleyas  were  repre- 
sented by  the  gorgeous  C.  aurea  var.  Dowiana,  a 
species  that  does  not  succeed  well  in  every  garden. 
The  only  chance  to  flower  it  is  to  grow  it  in  ba-kets 
suspended  near  the  glass  where  it  can  get  plenty  of 
light  and  air,  with  a  warm  Cattleya-house  tempera- 
ture. The  last  blooms  of  C.  Gaskelliana  were  open 
on  the  plants.  I  have  referred  to  this  new  species 
before  as  being  most  useful  to  carry  the  Cattleya 
bloom  into  July  and  August  ;  it  is  an  additional 
argument  in  its  favour  to  lind  its  delicately  tinted 
blooms  about  the  end  of  September.  Zygopetalum 
Gautieri  was  represented  by  a  very  fine  healthy  speci- 
men. The  greenish  coloured  sepals  and  petals  are 
blotched  and  spotted  with  brown.  The  lip  isdeeply  tinged 
with  a  blue  suffusion.  Oncidium  varicosum  represents 
the  yellow-flowered  species  of  this  genus  ;  the  plants 
were  furnished  with  long  elegant  spikes  of  its  hand- 
some blooms.  The  small-flowered  type  had  a  repre- 
sentative in  O.  ochthodes,  interesting  as  a  botanical 
specimen,  perhaps.  The  best  of  the  small-flowered 
type  is  O.  cheirophorum,  graceful  and  pretty,  with  a 
delicious  perfume.  Spathoglottis  Fortunei  is  a  pretty 
terrestrial  Orchid  ;  several  plants  of  it  were  furnished 
with  upright  spikes  of  bright  yellow  flowers.  Another 
pretty  terrestrial  Orchid,  also  in  flower,  was  Steno- 
glottis  fimbriata  ;  the  leaves  are  marked  with  blackish 
spots ;  from  the  centre  issues  a  smallspike  of  rosy-lilac 

Amongst  Odontoglossumsthe  following  are,  or  were 
at  that  lime,  in  flower:— O.  Ehrenbergii,  the  plant  and 
flowers  resembling  a  small  form  of  C.  Rossi ;  O.  con- 
strictum  is  not  very  handsome,  but  the  white  lip,  edged 
with  yellow,  forms  a  much  more  pretty  flower  than 
O.  Lindleyanum  ;  O.  vulcanicum  (Mesospinidium)  is 
very  pretty,  producing  neat  and  elegant  spikes  of 
rose-coloured  flowers.  The  above  were  all  cultivated 
in  the  Cattleya-house.  In  the  warmest  house  various 
species  and  varieties  of  Cypripediums  grow  wiih 
great  vigour,  especially  those  of  the  C.  longifolium 
type  ;  C.  conchiferum  is  very  elegant,  it  has  pale  rosy 
lateral  petals,  the  dorsal  sepal  greenish-yellow,  marked 
with  pale  green  lines,  the  slipper  greenish-yellow. 
The  hybrid  forms  of  this  group  are  represented  by  C. 
calurum  and  C.  porphyreum.  The  modest-looking  C. 
concolor  was  flowering  well  under  the  shade  of  the 
taller  ones  :  there  was  a  small  plant  with  a  well- 
developed  flower  of  the  new  and  very  pretty  C.  Gude- 
froyx.  This  species  seems  to  grow  well  in  the 
warmest  house  ;  here  it  was  not  near  the  glass. 
Overhead  Phalcenopsids  were  growing  and  flowering 
freely  suspended  from  the  roof.  P.  Esmeralda  was 
represented  by  the  poorest  variety,  but  P.  violacea 
and  P.  amabilis  were  very  handsome  ;  and  attached 
to  a  raft  were  three  or  four  flowering  examples  of  P. 
Lowii,  very  pretty  and  distinct.  The  flowers  are  not 
large,  but  the  colour  is  charming — a  delicate  bluiah 
blush  with  a  violet-coloured  lip.  Amid  plants  of 
D-'ndrobium  Phaljsnopsis  one  has  produced  four  hand- 
some flowers,  proving  it  to  be  the  finest  of  the  D. 
bigibbum  group.  It  is  figured  in  the  Bot.  Ma^.,  tab, 
6S17  ;  but  the  figure  does  not  represent  such  well 
developed  flowers.  Saccolabium  Bluraei  majus  is 
finely  in  flower.  This  good  old  species  ranks  amongst 
the  most  handsome  of  the  genus,  and  Dendrobium 
formosum  giganteum  isalsoflowering  remarkably  well : 
-as  many  as  eight  large  fully  developed  flowers  could 
be  counted  in  one  cluster.  This  plant  does  not  succeed 
w-ell  year  after  year  in  collections  ;  the  growths  decline 
in  vigour  after  the  second  year.  Probably  the  system 
of  culture  has  something  to  do  with  it.  Tne  plants 
should  be  kept  in  the  warmest  house,  and  quite  close 
to  the  glass  while  they  are  making  their  growth,  and 
be  freely  supplied  with  water.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  autumn.  After  the  flowering  period  is  over 
thfy  go  to  rest,  and  during  winter  keep  the  roots 
comparatively  dry,  though  not  so  dry  as  D.  Ward- 
ianum  and  D.  nobile  are  allowed  to  become.  They 
do  best  during  winter  in  the  Cattleya-house,  and  should 
be  cultivated  in  Teak  baskets.   7.  D. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


523 


SEEDLING  POTATOS  IN 
IRELAND. 
At  the  Dairy  Show  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society, 
held  last  week  in  Dublin,  a  remarkable  exhibition  of 
seedling  Potatos  took  place  which  is  deserving  of 
notice.  The  prizes  were  offered  by  the  Commis- 
sioners of  National  Education  of  Ireland,  for  the  best 
new  varieties  of  Potatos  raised  from  seed  of  the 
Potatos  supplied  by  the  Commissioners  in  the  years 
18S2  and  iSSj  to  teachers  of  National  Agricultural 
Schools  and  schools  having  gardens  attached — the 
object  in  view  by  the  Commissioners  being  the 
mitigation  of  the  disease  by  the  raising  and  intro- 
duction of  new  varieties. 

Four  sets  of  prizes  were  offered.  I.  For  the  best 
variety  of  round  Potato  for  table  use,  .^10,  ^5,  ^3. 
2.  For  the  best  variety  of  kidney  or  long  Potato  fur 
table  use,  £iO,  £^,  /J.  3.  For  a  variety  of  early 
Potato,  round  or  kidney,  which  being  te-ted  at  the 
farms  of  the  Board  of  National  Education  in  the  year 
18S1;,  shall  prove  to  be  the  earliest  and  the  best  in 
produce  and  quality,  ^10,  ^'5,  £1.  4.  For  the 
largest  and  best  variety  of  Potato  for  cattle  feeding, 
;^'o.  ^Si  £i-  A  further  prize  of  £lo  was  otfered 
for  the  best  report  upon  the  system  of  raising  Potatos 
from  seed. 

In  response  to  these  liberal  prizes  no  fewer 
than  254  dishes  of  Potatos  were  exhibited  in 
competition.  Collectively,  it  cannot  be  said  that  they 
presented  a  very  attractive  appearance,  many  ex- 
tremely poor  examples  being  submitted,  and  several 
badly  diseased.  A  great  many  seemed  to  partake  of 
the  character  of  the  Scotch  Champion,  others  of 
Victoria,  Snowflake,  and  other  well  known  varieties, 
indicative  of  their  parentage  no  doubt.  The  judges 
had  a  very  difficult  task  to  perform  in  deciding  on 
their  respective  merits.  After  much  discussion  it 
was  decided  to  award  the  prizes  in  regard  lo  appear- 
ance alone — no  information  being  available  as  to 
their  cropping  qualities,  &c.,  and  the  test  of  cooking 
being  considered  unfair  in  regard  to  the  late  varieties. 
Some  eight  or  ten  varieties  in  each  set  being  selected, 
were  recommended  to  be  further  tested  by  being 
grown  next  year  under  similar  conditions,  and  again 
examined  before  being  sent  out.  Of  the  prizewinners, 
in  the  first  set,  Mr.  W.  McClean,  Carrr.een,  Monaghan, 
obtain  the  first  prize,  with  a  very  fine  round  white  ; 
for  the  second  set,  Mr.  McClean  was  again  successful, 
thus  securing  no  less  than  £10.  The  first  prize  in  the 
third  set  went  to  Mr.  M.  Hall,  Kilgreaney,  Bagnals- 
town,  Carlow ;  and  in  the  fourth,  Mr.  M.  Bell, 
Gortagilly,  Moneyorore,  Londonderry,  was  the 
successful  exhibitor. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  as  to  whether  any  of 
these  Folates  will  prove  of  superior  vigour  or 
quality  to  those  now  in  cultivation.  Our  present 
impression  is  that  they  will  not.  The  Commissioners 
are,  however,  to  be  congratulated  on  having  given  so 
much  encouragement  and  support  to  the  subject  of 
Potato  growing,  which  is  of  so  much  importance  to 
Ireland. 


ROOT-PRUNING     OF    THE 
PEAR. 

{.Concluded  from  p.  493.) 
Dwarfing  Stocks. — The  use  of  the  Quince  and 
other  dwarfing  stocks  has  also  greatly  assisted  this 
and  other  modes  of  pclitc  cuUtire,  But  pot-culture 
itself  is  a  mode  of  root-pruning.  The  cramping  of 
the  roots  within  the  pot,  their  pressure  against  the 
sides,  are  powerful  aids  to  fertility.  And  Pears  in 
pots  are  growing  for  ornament;  in  addition  to  their 
usefulness.  In  front  areas  or  small  gardens,  on 
terrace-door  steps,  in  balconies,  they  are  fit  com- 
panions and  formidable  rivals  to  such  plants  as 
Box,  Sweet  Bays,  Laurels,  Laurustinus,  Hollies 
&c.  And  few  plants  can  equal  well-formed 
Pear  trees  in  pots  or  tubs,  covered  with  while  bloom 
in  the  early  spring,  clothed  with  the  soft  verdure  of 
the  young  leaves,  or  with  leaves  of  every  colour  in 
the  autumn,  and  laden  with  their  fruit  of  such  varied 
size,  colour,  and  form  throughout  the  growing  season? 

When  to  Prune. 
About  the  middle  of  October  is,  as  a  rule,  the  best 
season   to   root-prune    Pear   tree; ;   much,    however, 
depends  on  season  and  local  climate.     The  best  con- 
dition is  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks  before  the  fall  of 


immature,  nor  the  root-prunirg  so  severe,  as  to  cause 
the  leaf  to  flag  too  much,  eke  will  the  advantage  of 
early  root-pruning  be  lost.  The  object  of  choosing 
this  early  period  is  to  obtain  the  help  of  the  leaf  in 
stimulating  the  almost  spontaneous  production  of  new 
roots.  The  whole  of  the  month  of  November  is  also 
suitable  for  root-pruning,  but  the  earlier  in  the  month 
the  better,  for  the  reason  just  slated,  and  likewise  for 
the  additional  one  of  obtaining  the  remainder  of 
the  summer's  warmlh  to  forward  the  same  purpose — 
the  prompt  emission  and  growth  of  fresh  roots.  In 
the  case  of  very  vigorous  trees,  that  need  a  severe 
check,  they  may  be  root-pruned  in  June  or  July  \  this 
needs  special  care  and  skill,  and  should  not  be 
practised  by  novices. 

■*"Iethod  of  Pruning. 
As  to  the  mode  of  root-pruning,  it  should  be  per- 
formed tenderly.  Careful  uncovering  and  examination 
should  precede  culling.  The  barbarous  method  of 
going  haphazard  at  the  rools  underground  wiih  a 
sharp  spade  somewhere  in  the  direction  of  the  vigorous 
shoots  hardly  deserves  the  name  of  root-pruning. 
Frequently  the  mere  examination  and  uplifting  of  a 
few  of  the  deeper  boring  rools  will  be  all  that  is 
needed — root  detachment  or  disturbance  being  equiva- 
lent in  many  cases  to  a  considerable  amount  of  root- 
pruning.  Again,  the  uplifting  of  roots,  placing  them 
nearer  the  surface,  and  surrounding  them  with  fresh 
soil,  may  prove  equivalent  to  root-pruning.  In  cases 
where  actual  removal  or  shortening  of  roots  is  deter- 
mined on,  the  cuts  cannot  be  too  short,  clean,  and 
prompt.  Beware  also  of  cutting  too  many  roots,  as 
the  temptation  is  great  after  the  labour  of  uncovering 
to  prune  loo  severely.     Cover  up  as  soon  as  practic- 


able, bearing  in  mind  that  root-drying  and  root- 
fingering  secure  almost  as  severe  a  check  as  the 
actual  removal  of  such  roots. 

Unless  in  extreme  cases,  it  is  also  wise  and  sound 
practice  only  to  prune  one-half  of  the  roots  at  a  time. 
By  this  means  there  will  be  litlle  risk  of  losing  a 
crop,  and  the  tree  will  be  preserved  in  good  health 
while  being  root-pruned  into  higher  fertility.  Trans- 
plantation is  also  a  complete  substitute  for  root- 
pruning,  though  the  two  are  mostly  practised  abreast. 
This,  to  some  extent,  is  unavoidable,  and  hence  the 
less  need  for  adding  intentional  pruning,  unless  of 
wounded  or  bruised  roots,  at  the  same  time. 

After-treatment. 

This  consists  in  adding  maiden  earth  when 
practicable  over  the  wounded  roots,  and  mulching 
the  surface  wilh  frost-proof  litter  of  some  sort 
— the  first  to  stimulate  the  production  and  multi- 
plication of  new  rootr,  and  the  second  to  preserve 
them  in  security  against  the  severiiies  of  the  first 
winter  and  spring,  and  also  to  secure  them  against  the 
heat  and  drought  of  the  succeeding  summer.  Roots 
lately  pruned  are  in  an  abnormal  condition,  alike  in 
regard  to  condition  and  place.  They  are  more 
active, numerous,  tender,  and  closer  to  the  surface  than 
roots  in  a  normal  state,  and  hence  the  necessity  of 
special  protection  against  cold,  drought,  heat,  or 
other  climatic  changes.  Where  the  first-formed  roots 
are  destroyed  by  those  or  other  causes,  the  trees  are 
virtually  root-pruned  twice,  or  even  oflener,  within 
the  compass  of  a  few  months,  and  not  seldom  fail  to 
re-establish  them,  become  the  prey  of  disease,  or 
actually  perish  in  consequence. 

So  soon  as  the  roots  get  a  fresh  grip  of  the  soil  the 
trees  are  safe,  provided  ihe  young  and  active  fibres  are 
protected   by   a  surface  mulching.     Unless  the  root- 


skilfully  performed,  the  trees  will  set  and  finish  their 
next  year's  crop  as  usual,  and  probably  prove  suffi- 
ciently fertile  ever  afterwards,  in  consequence  of  the 
one  skilful  pruning  of  their  roots  ;  and  should  it  prove 
otherwise,  all  successive  root-prunings  are  rendered 
more  simple  and  safe  in  consequence  of  the  first,  as 
all  things  are  possible  with  fibrous  roots,  while  there 
is  often  considerable  risk  in  operating  on  fangy  ones  ; 
but,  as  already  slated,  the  greatest  art  in  root- 
pruning,  as  in  writing,  is  to  know  where  to  stop. 
D.  T.  Fish. 


the  leaf.     The  leaves,   however,   should   not  be  so      pruning  is  performed  too  late,  carried  too  far,  or  un- 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Fruit  Growing  at  Ealing. — The  soil  of 
this  neighbourhood  generally  is  of  a  good  loam 
of  a  holding  nature,  resting  on  gravel  at  various 
depth?,  and  is  well  suited  to  the  cultivation 
of  fruit  trees,  especially  of  Apples  and  Pears.  There 
are  a  number  of  villa  gardens,  most  of  which  have 
more  or  less  a  collection  of  fruit  tree?,  and  many 
amateurs  take  a  great  interest  in  fruit  growing.  It  is 
very  interesting  lo  note  the  result  of  the  diflerent 
treament  carried  out  ;  some  go  in  for  very  close  prun- 
ing, and  stump  their  trees  to  appear  more  like  a  birch 
broom  half  worn  out  ;  others  go  to  the  other  extreme, 
and  allow  their  trees  to  grow  at  will  ;  while  others, 
more  practical^  and  who  know  something  about  the 
cultivation  of  these  trees,  take  the  wiser  course, 
and  merely  prune  them  into  shape,  well  thinning  the 
branches  to  admit  of  light  and  air,  and  root  prune  if 
over-vigorous,  and  thereby  obtain  good  results.  This 
is  the  best  season  for  Pears  I  have  known  for  many 
years,  the  trees  are  carrying  good  crops  throughout 
the  district,  with  scarcely  any  exceptions  to  varieties. 

The  north  part,  known  as  Casllebar  lUll,  is  very 
heavy,  and  the  subsoil  is  deep,  heavy,  brick  earth, 
bordering  on  to  clay  ;  the  other  parts  of  Ealing  vary, 
some  part  of  the  soil  is  of  a  rich  deep  loam,  while  in 
others  it  is  lighter,  stony,  and  more  shallow,  and 
nearer  the  gravel,  therefore  great  care  is  required  in 
making  selections  of  fruit  trees  to  suit  these  condi- 
tion?. In  ordinary  seasons  a  great  difference  can  be 
seen  with  regard  to  the  fruiting  of  some  varieties  ; 
where  the  soil  is  heavy,  wilh  a  cold  subsoil,  many  of 
our  fine  late  Pears  do  not  succeed,  ihe  fruit  does  not 
develope  to  its  proper  size,  but  becomes  cracked, 
woody,  and  worthless. 

Pears  for  Clav  Soils. 
For  such  situations  the  following  may  be  grown  as 
standards,     pyramids,    and  espaliers    on     the     Pear 
stock,  viz.: — Autumn  Bergamot,  Beurre  IJosc,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  Beurie  d'Aremberg,  Jargonelle,  l!;urrede 
Capiaumont,    Fondante    d'Automne,    Marie    Louise, 
Jersey    Gratioli,    Marie    Louise    d'Uccle,    Pitmaston 
Duchess, Thompson's,  Souvenir  du  Congt^?,  William?, 
Catillac,  Belle  Julie,  White  Doyenne,  and   Doyenne 
d'Eie.      But  pruning  should  be  carried  out  with  care, 
the  system  of  close  pruning,  often  practised  should  be 
avoided,  the  trees  merely  require  pruning  into  shape, 
well  ihinning  out  the  branches  to  admit  of  light  and  air, 
and  allowing  the  trees  plenty  of  scope,  as  it  were,  to 
let  off  the  exuberant  or  over-strong  growth,   which 
otherwise  when  cut    back   too   closely  only  produce 
stronger  wood.      In  the  case  of  over-vigorous  growtii 
judicious  root-pruning,  carried  out  at  the  end  o(  Octo- 
ber, should  be  resorted  to,  to  induce  them  to  bear.    A 
selection  from  the  earliest   to  the  latest  of  the  finest 
kir.ds  grown  as  pyramids  and  espaliers  can  be  brought 
together  when  judiciously  planted   in  sheltered  spots, 
especially  where  there  are   walls  for  the  more  tender 
kinds.    Taking  the  neighbourhood  as  a  whole,  I  have 
found  the  following  sorts  as  pyramids  (mostly  worked 
on  the  Qaince  stock)  fruiting  well   in  most  seasons, 
viz.:— Beurid   Diel.    Beurid  Bachelier.  Maiie  Louije 
d'Uccle,  Doyenne  dn  Comice.  Beurie  Superfin,  Beurte 
Hardy,  Thompson's,  White  Doyenn<5,  BiiuriC-d'Arem- 
berg,    Bergamotte  d'E^peren,    Marcchal  de  la  Cour, 
Bironne  de  Meilo,  and  Louiie  B  jnne  ;  they  aho  suc- 
ceed   well   grown   as   espaliers  and  cordons  on   this 
stock.       I    should    recommend    them    to    be    largely 
planted,  as  they  are  easier  to  manage,  making  hand- 
some compact  trees  of  moderate  growth,  and  with  the 
assistance  of  mulching  in  the  growing  season  the  fruit 
comes  to  a  large  size.     The  following  a'sj  do  well  as 
pyramids  and  espaliers,  but  mast  be  worked  upon  ihe 
Pear    stock,    viz.,    Beurre    Bosc,    Beurie    Clairgeau, 
Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Jargonelle,  Marie  Louise,  Knight's 
Monarch,  Passe  Colmar,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Souvenir 
du  Congi^:,  and  Catillac,  but  more  attention  must  be 
paid  to  these  with  regard  to  the  pruning,  also  root- 


524 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  18 


pruning,  as  they  grow 
stock. 

A  few  sorts  may  be 
walls,  on  a  south-east 
montelle,    Bro 


nuch  more  vigorous  on  this 


entioned  as  best  grown  on 
west  aspect,  viz.,  Chau- 
Beurre  Ranee,  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  Gansel's  Bergamot,  Glou  Mor9eap, 
Pitmaston  Duchess,  Marie  Louise,  and  Winter  Nelis ; 
these  rarely  succeed  here,  unless  planted  on  walls. 
They  should  be  work  on  the  Pear  stock. 

Where  the  soil  is  light  and  gravelly  Pears  do  best 
worked  on  the  Pear  stock,  but  if  worked  on  the 
Quince  in  such  soils  it  would  necessitate  the  addition 


suits,  whilst  those  which  are  sown  the  year  after 
come  up  more  slowly  and  with  more  difiiculty. 
Last  year  I  sowed  seeds  of  Anemone  alpina 
which  had  been  collected  in  1883.  At  the  end 
of  six  months  they  had  commenced  to  germinate, 
but  with  difficulty,  and  only  gave  very  few  plants, 
whilst  the  fresh  seeds  which  were  sown  under  the 
same  conditions  gave  me  cent,  per  cent.  Not  a 
single  seed  failed,  and  the  plants  are  vigorous  and 
strong  ;  the  same  happened  with  Anemone  sulfurea 
and  A.  vernalis.  On  September  15  last  I  sowed 
Anemone   sulfurea,    A,   montana,     and    A.   Halleri, 


destined  to  facilitate  dispersion  of  the  seed  by  the  wind. 
Some  seeds,  however,  such  as  those  of  Anemone 
narcissiflora,  Violas,  and  Primulas,  seem  to  succeed 
better  when  a  little  time  is  allowed  to  pass  between 
the  time  of  the  gathering  and  the  sowing  of  the  seed. 
I  have  sown  in  the  open  ground  in  a  bed  facing 
south  seeds  of  diflferent  rather  delicate  alpine  plants; 
they  seem  to  get  on  marvellously  well.  I  think  that 
this  method  should  be  more  olten  practised  than  it 
is.  Eryngium  alpinum.  Campanula  thyrsoidea  and 
barbata,  Primula  Auricula,  Aster  alpinus,  Androsace 
lactea,  and   various  [Anemones  accommodate  them- 


Fig.  118.— a,  pyramid;   b,  c,  upright  pear  cordons,  from  specimens  at  chiswick. 


of  loam,  heavy  mulching,  and  frequent  watering 
during  the  summer,  otherwise  the  fruits  come  very 
small.   George  Cannon,  Ealing. 


ALPINE    PLANTS. 

Seed-sowing. — The  present  is  the  best  time  for 
sowing  seeds  of  alpine  plants,  it  may  therefore  be 
appropriate  to  furnish  some  hints  on  this  subject. 
The  various  Anemones  should  be  sown  as 
soon  as  possible.  I  have  noticed  that  those 
seeds  which  are  sown  soon  after  being  gathered 
germinate  immediately,    and    give     very    good     re- 


which  at  this  moment  are  growing  as  vigorously  as 
the  Lettuces  and  Cabbages  of  our  kitchen  gardens. 
The  soil  I  find  best  is  a  simple  mixture  of  peat,  leaf- 
mould  and  sand,  to  which  I  add  a  little  fine  sphagnum. 

I  have  also  two  magnificent  beds  of  Arnica  mon- 
tana, sown  at  the  same  time,  and  which  came  up  in 
the  proportion  of  90  per  cent.  But  the  difficulties  of 
acclimatising  this  plant  when  taken  and  transplanted 
from  the  mountain  are  well  known. 

Edelweiss,  Aster  alpinus,  Hypochsris  helvetica, 
and  in  general  all  the  Composites,  germinate  better 
when  sown  immediately  after  the  collection  of  the 
seeds.  I  have  noticed  also  that  it  is  so  for  the  most 
part  with  seeds  furnished  with  a  pappus  or  tuft  of  hairs 


selves  very  well  to  this  mode  of  sowing,  which  offers 
the  great  advantage  of  not  needing  so  much  care  as  is 
requisite  when  seeds  are  raised  in  pots  or  pans.  For  this 
system  it  is  necessary  to  thoroughly  drain  the  soil  of 
the  bed,  so  that  the  moisture  may  not  kill  the  young 
plants.  I  mix  with  the  soil  one-fifth  of  coke-dust  to 
render  it  more  porous. 

I  have  remarked  that  alpine  plants  raised  from 
seed  are  much  more  robust  and  more  easy  to  grow 
than  those  directly  transplanted  from  the  mountains, 
and,  strange  to  say,  they  are  less  likely  to  vary.  Perhaps 
this  last  observation  may  only  apply  to  a  limited 
number  of  species,  but,  at  all  events,  I  can  affirm 
that  it  is  so  with  many.  H.  Correvon,  Geneva. 


October  24,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONFCr.E. 


525 


PEARS    AGAINST  WALLS. 

Two  methods  of  growing  Pears  against  walls  do 
not  always  obtain  the  consideration  which  in  certain 
sites  they  are  deserving  of.  These  I  will  refer  to 
separately. 

Reflexed  Training. 

Frequently  old  wall-trained  Pear  trees  are  seen  on 


The  fact  is,  these  young  growths  direct  the  energies  o( 
such  trees  into  a  wrong  channel,  which  persistent 
pruning  has  little  beneficial  result  in  controlling. 
What  the  doctor  would  call  a  radical  surgical  remedy 
has  to  be  undertaken,  which  is  especially  applicable 
to  such  trees  as  have  lost  some  of  the  lower  branches. 
Early  in  the  season  cut  all  the  horizontal  parts  off  but 
the  two  upper  ones.     Encourage  these  four  branches  to 


that  not  only  will  these  young  growths,  downward 
trained,  fruit  freely,and  quickly,  but  the  fruit  will  be 
generally  of  the  finest  size  and  quality.  Whatever  may 
be  thought  to  the  contrary  this  system  may  be  described 
as  one  of  natural  tree  culture.  Observe,  it  is  the  upper 
branches  of  trees  bending  over  with  weight  of  fiuit 
which  give  wildling  or  orchard  tree  crops.  Here 
also,    however    abruptly,    apparently   distorted,   the 


119. — PYRAMID    I'liAK    TKLE  :     FKOM    A  SPtCIMEN    AT   CHISWICK. 


which  the  lowermost  branches,  which  were  once  the 
strongest  and  best  upon  the  tree,  have  become  weak, 
or  have  died  off,  and  the  tree  finds  vent  for  the  super- 
abundant growth  on  the  tiers  of  branches  higher  up 
the  wall,  and  the  result  of  persistent  hard  pruning  at 
that  part  only  reproduces  a  succession  of  strong 
young  growths,  with  the  resulting  long  spurs.  Prac- 
tically, when  trees  arrive  at  this  state,  they  cease  to 
give  perfect  fruit,  and  the  crops  are  usually  meagre. 


orm  young  shoots  upon  their  whole  length,  and  so 
soon  as  these  young  shoots  are  sufficiently  matured 
train  them  downward  from  the  top  of  the  wall  to  the 
base,  as  far  as  possible  parallel  with  the  upright  holes. 
By  saving  two  horizontal  main  branches  on  each  side 
of  the  tree  a  greater  choice  of  young  shoots  can  be 
found  for  thus  training  downwards,  so  as  to  leave  no  un- 
sightly gaps  (see  fig.  117, p.  523)  The  greater  recom- 
mendation for  this  style  of  training  consists  in  the  fact 


top  branches  of  these  trained  trees,  in  ail  their  vigour, 
are  doing  under  peculiarly  favourable  circumstances 
the  very  same  thing.  Some  growers  may  point  to 
the  bareness  or  loss  of  wall  space.  Whilst,  however, 
Tomatos  are  so  desirable  it  is  needless  to  say  that  for 
the  first  summer  or  two  admirable  use  can  be  made 
of  such  spaces.  Again,  where  unappreciated  sorts  of 
Pears  exist,  wall  trained,  by  simply  grafting  improved 
sorts  on  to  these  upper  branches,  in  due  time,  and 


526 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  18 


ihit  incredibly   limited     in    extent,    vacant    spaces 
on  waIIs  can  be  covered  with  bearing  wood. 

Tkees  North  Planted,  South  Trained. 
Many  vacant  or  partly  vacant  wall  niches  or  spaces 
exist  on  the  sunny  sides  of  walls  where  opportunity 
may  not  e.\i5t  to  plant  trained  Pear  trees,  hence  such 
spices  are  often  left  bare.  By  procuring  a  standard 
tree  or  two  at  a  small  cost  Ihe-e  may  often  be  planted 
on  the  north  or  other  side  of  such  walls,  and  the 
growing  heads  trained  over  the  walls  to  occupy  such 
spaces  by  the  same  system  of  training  as  that  described 
above.  During  dry  seasons  the  roots  will  be  able  to 
furnish  belter  support  from  the  moister  sources,  and 
aided  by  sun  and  warmth  good  crops  will  result. 
William  Earlcy,  Ilford. 


lotists'    flouiiira. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS    IN    OCTOBER. 

Those  who  are  growing  for  cut  blooms  for  exhibi- 
tion will  now  have  their  plants  housed,  and  as 
rear  the  glass  as  possible.  Some  fire-heat  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  have  fl  jwers  of  the  highest  quality, 
but  it  should  not  be  applied  unless  really  needed 
— either  in  frosty  or  very  wet  weather,  when  damp 
hangs  about  the  house  and  is  likely  to  injure  the 
flowers.  Calling  upon  Mr.  E.  Sanderson,  the  veteran 
President  of  the  National  Chrysantemum  Society,  at 
Harlesden  Park,  Willesden,  a  few  days  ago,  it  was 
found  that  he  had  housed  his  plants  a  week  previously, 
but  was  giving  them  an  abundance  of  air  on  all 
favourable  occasions.  It  is  scarcely  possible  to 
imagine  plants  in  better  healih  than  the  150  or  so 
Mr.  Sinderson  has  in  his  house.  They  are  literally 
laden  with  leaves,  and  such  leaves  too!— large,  stout, 
and  of  a  rich  deep  olive-green  colour.  But  it  is 
possible  to  have  an  extra  strong  growth  at  the  expense 
of  flowers,  as  some  growers  have  found  to  their  cost. 
But  Mr.  Sanderson  is  much  too  wary  and  ex- 
perienced a  grower  to  commit  this  mistake,  and  his 
plants  may  be  seen  throwing  up  large  fat  buds  that  can- 
not fail  to  produce  fine  flowers.  One  can  quite  under- 
stand the  regret  with  which  so  keen  a  lover  of 
the  Chrysanthemum  as  ihe  President  of  the  National 
Society  regards  the  process  of  disbudding  ;  but  then 
he  is  an  exhibitor,  and  it  is  necessary  he  should  culti- 
vate accordingly.  Were  it  not  for  this,  and  did  he 
not  grow  for  competition,  he  would  allow  his  plants 
to  carry  more  shoots  and  flowers,  and  he  would  be 
certain  to  have  fine  plants  and  blooms  still. 

As  soon  as  his  plants  have  gone  out  of  flower,  he 
secures  cuttings  which  are  thrown  up  from  the  roots 
close  round  the  main  s'.em  :  these  are  struck  in  his 
greenhouse,  rooting  in  about  six  weeks.  They  are 
then  potted  oft"  singly  into  6o-sized  pots,  placed  in  a 
close  frame,  or  in  the  warmest  parts  of  his  green- 
house, and  when  well  established  are  stopped.  When 
they  break  again,  if  the  two  leading  shoots,  one  at 
each  side  of  the  stem,  are  of  equal  strength,  they  are 
permitted  to  grow,  and  when  these  form  a  terminal 
bud  it  is  either  picked  out  or  allowed  to  perish  :  two 
shoots  are  then  allowed  to  go  up  from  each  stem,  each 
of  which  carries  a  flower.  This  is  the  old  system  of 
Chrysanthemum  culture  observed  for  years  past  with 
the  addition  of  the  first  stop. 

If  one  of  the  shoots  put  forth  at  the  first  stop 
proves  to  be  stronger  than  the  other  then  the  strong 
one  is  allowed  to  go  away,  and  eventually  allowed  to 
carry  three,  or,  if  it  is  very  strong,  four  shoots.  The 
stems  of  the  plants  are  tree-like  ;  they  are  marvel- 
lously strong  and  healthy,  and  they  will  carry  grand 
blooms. 

Mr.  Sanderson  is  in  no  sense  of  the  word  what  is 
known  as  a  "  bullock  grower,"  that  is,  one  who  culti- 
vates by  inordinate  feeding.  His  plants  are  in  24- 
sized  pots,  or  one  a  little  larger,  and  they  were  placed 
in  their  blooming  pots  about  the  third  week  in  June. 
The  drysummer,  and  marked  absence  of  rain,  rendered 
the  closest  attention  necessary  while  the  plants  were 
in  the  open  air,  and  no  labour  or  attention  was  spared. 
Now  that  the  plants  are  thoroughly  established  in 
their  pots,  and  indeed,  for  some  time  past,  guano  is 
occasionally  administered  by  sprinkling  some  on  the 
surface  of  the  soil  when  quite  moist,  and  then  water- 
ing it  in.  Beyond  this,  no  other  stimulant  is  applied, 
and  the  greatest  care  is  exercised  that  the  soil  in  the 


pots  is  not  allowed  to  become  too  dry,  while  a  free 
current  of  air  is  admitted  on  all  favourable  occasions. 

Thrips  ii  in  this  way  kept  undec  When  the  plants 
were  housed  they  were  thoroughly  well  fumigated  ; 
this  is  a  good  practice,  because  it  cannot  he  done 
while  the  plants  are  in  flower  without  danger  of 
injury  from  the  smoke.  Earwigs  require  to  be  closely 
looked  after.  They  appear  to  be  singularly  mis- 
chievous in  that  they  reach  the  surface  of  the  bud 
when  the  embryo  flower  is  becoming  perceptible, 
and  pierce  its  centre,  eating  it  away,  and  doing 
considerable  injury.  They  take  up  their  quarters 
within  the  curled  portions  of  the  leaves,  and  from  this 
post  of  advantage  sally  forth  after  dark.  When 
the  plants  were  being  housed  each  one  was  subjfcted 
to  a  rapping  process  against  the  ground,  with  the 
result  that  the  vermin  were  dislodged  and  came 
tumbling  to  the  ground.  As  many  as  six  or  seven 
were  found  on  one  plant.  At  night  the  plants  are 
carefully  gone  over  after  dark  by  means  of  a  light, 
and  any  marauder  captured  in  the  act  has  but  a  short 
shrift. 

Mr.  Sanderson's  potting  compost  is  made  up  of 
decomposed  surface  soil  from  pasture  land  and  some 
well  rotted  cow-manure.  How  the  plants  erjiyihis 
is  abundantly  seen  at  Harlesden  Park.   A'.  D. 


MESSRS.    LANE    &    SONS'  NUR- 
SERY, BERKHAMSTEAD. 

Every  one  visiting  these  nurseries  ought  to  make  a 
point  of  inspecting  the  celebrated  Vines.  At  the  time 
of  our  visit  a  great  deal  of  the  fruit  was  already  cut, 
but  that  which  remained  hanging  on  the  Vines  was  of 
no  mean  order,  the  bunches  averagings  lb.  in  weight, 
and  the  size  of  berry  and  general  appearance  very 
fair — Gros  Colmar,  Black  Hamburgh,  and  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  being  the  bulk  of  these.  Many  of  the 
Vine  steins  would  measure  9  inches  in  circumference 
at  3  feet  from  the  ground. 

There  is  some  evidence  of  failing  vigour  in  these 
\'ines  in  somewhat  less  heavy  crops  and  poorer  foliage, 
both  of  which  must  be  attributed  to  the  natural 
exhaustion  of  the  soil  ;  but  there  was  no  appearance 
of  the  fatal  shanking.  The  stream  of  spring  water 
still  runs  past  the  border,  to  which,  by  some,  much  of 
the  success  that  has  attended  the  Vine  culture  here  is 
attributed. 

Behind  the  town  a  large  orchard  exists,  planted 
with  large  bush  and  dwarf  standard  Apples  and 
Plums,  the  latter  chiefly  as  standards.  Filberts  and 
Cob-nuts  in  variety  are  planted  in  alternate  rows,  and 
sometimes  alternately  in  the  rows  as  well.  The 
production  of  Apples  this  year  was  very  great,  and 
the  fruit  fairly  well  grown,  notwithstanding  the  dry 
weather.  It  was  quite  a  fortnight  later  in  being 
fit  to  gather  ;  and  in  regard  to  some  late  Plums  like 
the  Wyedaie,  they  will  barely  ripen  ere  the  fro;ti  strip 
the  foliage  from  the  trees.  Nuts  that  grow  here  to 
a  great  size  for  bushes,  and  which  are  not  cut  into  the 
bowl  form  so  common  in  Kent  and  Sussex,  have 
borne  prodigiously,  and  the  Nuts  are  in  consequence 
smaller  than  usual. 

Apples  are  found  to  do  well,  and  are  cuUivated  in 
large  numbers  both  for  sale  as  trees  and  for  fruit. 
We  saw  large  quantities  of  Lane's  Prince  Albert  in 
5'ore,  the  Iiuit  smooth,  firm,  large,  and  handio.-ne. 
This  is  one  of  the  finest  culinary  kinds  to  grow, 
lasting  as  it  does  from  October  to  May  in  good  con- 
dition, and  its  cropping  properties  are  prodigious. 
This  is  an  excellent  nursery  for  the  tyro  orchardist  to 
visit  in  'he  early  autumn  before  finally  deciding  on 
a  selection  of  hardy  fruits. 

Roses  are  much  grown  as  standards  and  bushes  as 
well  as  in  pots.  We  saw  great  breadths  taken  up  with 
the  hardier  Teas,  hybrid  perpetuals,  and  Bourbon 
varieties,  and  with  Manetti  worked  and  unworked 
stocks.  The  nursery  in  which  the  fine  Rhododen- 
drons, Hollies,  Conifers,  &:.,  are  grown  is  on  the 
elevated  common  of  Berkhamstead,  some  distance 
from  the  town.  Here,  arranged  on  undulating  land, 
are  fine  breaths  o(  Golden  and  Silver  Hollies  of  all 
sizes,  the  Caucasian  and  round-leaved,  and  Portugal 
Laurels,  strong  healthy  bushes  of  a  dark  green  tint 
denoting'  perfect  health.  Azalea  mollis  is  much 
grown  from  home-saved  seed,  and  is  found  to  grow 
just  as  freely  as  the  Ghent  varieties— no  mean  saving 


on  imported  ware.  Abies  concolor,  A.  amabilis  and 
A.  nobilis  do  well  on  this  high  land. 

Amongst  variegated  plants,  or  those  with  silver 
and  yellow  tinted  foliage,  roust  be  mentioned  the 
several  varieties  of  Irish  Yew.  These  are  generally 
identical  in  habit  with  the  oiiginil  tree,  and  un- 
doubtedly of  great  use  as  contrasts  with  sombre-leaved 
plants  in  the  pleasure  ground.  In  masses  the  elTiCts, 
in  well-chosen  positions,  are  extremely  satisfactory. 
The  growth  is  free  yet  dense,  and  some  deviations 
from  the  type  give  spreading  low  growths  useful  for 
massing  or  clothing  low  banks. 

Thuia  Vervaeniana  is  another  plant  with  golden- 
tinted  foliage,  free  in  growth,  but  less  bright. 

A  fine  break  of  Araucaria  imbricata,  raised  from 
home-grown  seed,  was  observed,  and  many  of  the 
choicest  kinds  of  Rhododendrons. 

.\  big  border  is  reserved  by  the  side  of  a  road  for 
these  latter,  which,  being  stocked  with  big  plants  in 
groups  of  three,  permit  the  visitor  to  make  a  selection 
of  Ihe  finest  without  the  fatigue  of  searching  the  many 
quarters. 

Much  good  planting  material  was  observed  in  this 
division,  which  comprised  both  the  ornamental  and 
the  useful ;  of  the  latter  must  be  named  the  Damson 
Crittenden  Prolific,  a  kind  which  will,  before  long,  be 
largely  planted.  The  Plum  and  its  congener  grow 
very  vigorously  in  the  stiff  soil,  making  handsome 
stems  and  heads  in  a  short  space  of  time. 

Messrs.  Lane  have  planted  an  orchard  of  Damsons, 
consisting  of  these,  and  the  Pershore  and  the 
Wyedaie,  a  tart,  la'e  hanging  clingstone  Plum. 


A  SELECT  LIST  OF  THIRTY 
PEARS,  SUITABLE  FOR  GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

1.  Doyenne  et EtS  (Summer  Doyenne). —  This  is 
the  first  Pear  of  the  year,  ripening  frequently  in  the 
second  week  of  July.  It  is  valuable  on  this  account. 
By  gathering  a  few  at  a  time,  which  should  be  kept  a 
day  or  two  to  become  mellow,  its  season  may  last  a 
week  or  ten  days.  The  fruits  are  smill,  but  rather 
pretty,  skin  green,  and  brorzy-purple  on  the  exposed 
side.  Flavour  sweet  and  pleasant.  Tree  of  stubby 
compact  growth,  succeeding  well  on  the  Quince.  An 
extraordinary  and  almost  certain  cropper.  Raised  by 
Van  Mons. 

2.  Betirre  Giffard. — This  is  a  very  pretty  Pear,  not 
so  well  known  or  cultivated  as  it  should  be.  It 
generally  ripens  in  the  beginning  of  August.  The 
fruits  are  of  medium  size,  of  a  regular  pyriform 
shape,  skin  pale  green,  mottled  with  bright  crimson 
on  the  exposed  side.  Flesh  melting,  sweet,  and 
pleasant.  Tree  of  somewhat  straggling  growth, 
and  only  moderately  fruitful.  Raised  by  M,  Giffard, 
of  Angers,  France. 

3-  J<"'S'>"'-'^^'  (Grosse  Cuisse-Madame). — This  is 
a  well  known  Pear,  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
In  Scotland  it  is  the  Pear  by  which  all  others 
are  judged,  and  it  succeeds  there  admirably  grown 
against  a  wall.  In  the  south  of  England  it  should 
be  grown  against  a  wall  with  a  northern  aspect, 
otherwise  it  is  very  inferior.  Fruit  long,  pyriform, 
with  a  long  stalk  ;  skin  mottle,  greenish-yellow ; 
quality  excellent.  A  very  old  French  Pear.  There  is 
a  record  of  one  planted  at  Rouen  in  15SS. 

4.  Williams  Bon  Chretien  (syns  ,  Williams', 
Bartlett). — This  is  an  extremely  well  known  Pear, 
and  very  largely  cultivated  for  the  London  markets. 
It  is  the  Pear  of  the  season  in  and  around  London, 
no  other  variety  being  half  so  much  appreciated.  The 
fruits  are  large,  and  generally  of  good  appearance,  and 
of  uniform  good  quality.  To  some  the  musky  flavour 
is  rather  strong  and  objectionable.  The  tree  is  of  free 
growth  succeeding  well  as  standards  in  the  southern 
districts,  and  on  walls  in  the  northern.  It  is  only  a 
moderate  cropper.  It  was  raised  at  .Mdermaston 
and  sent  out  by  Williams,  a  nurseryman  of  Chiswick, 
where  the  original  tree  is  still  growing. 

5.  Madame  Treyve. — This  is  one  of  the  finest  of 
the  new  Pears,  deserving  of  extensive  cultivation. 
It  generally  ripens  in  the  end  of  August  or  beginning 
of  September,  and  lasts  about  a  week  or  ten  days. 
The  fruit  is  large,  of  broad  pyriform  shape,  generally 
pale  green  in  colour,  with  slight  patches  of  russet, 
and  some  streaks  of  red  on  the  exposed  side.  Flesh 
very  tender,  melting,  very  juicy,  rich,  and  pleasant. 
Tree  of  free  growth,  and  generally  cropping  freely. 
Raised  by  M.  Treyve,  nurseryman,  at  Trevoux, 
France, 


OcrocEK  24,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


527 


6.  Bcurrc  a'Anianlis. — This  is  a  well-known  and 
extremely  valuable  Pear,  very  largely  cultivated  for 
the  London  markets.  Its  season  lasts  through  ihe 
latter  part  of  September.  The  fruit  is  large,  roundish 
ovate  ;  skin  bright  green,  smooth,  dull  brown  on 
the  exposed  side.  Flesh,  melting,  somewhat  watery 
at  times.  Tree  of  strong  free  growth,  succeeding 
well  on  the  Quince.  A  great  and  constant  cropper. 
Rjised  at  Amanlis,  France.  The  Beurre  d'Amanlts 
Panache  is  an  extremely  pretty  striped  variety  of  this. 

7.  Souvctlif  dii  Con^^iis. — This  is  a  grand  new 
Pear,  having  somewhat  the  appearance  of  \Villij,ms' 
Bon  Chretien,  from  which  it  has  probably  originated. 
It  comes  into  use  in  the  end  of  September.  The 
fruit  is  large,  of  somewhat  irregular  form.  Skin 
yeilow,  flaked  with  light  russet.  Flesh  melting,  par- 
taking somewhat  of  the  musky  nature  of  William'*' 
Bon  Chtf.ien,  but  not  so  rich  as  that  variety.  Tree 
of  free  growth,  and  pretty  free  cropper. 

S.  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey. — This  is  a  well  known 
and  much  esteemed  variety,  very  largely  cultivated  for 
market  purposes.  It  is  the  Pear  of  the  se:ison  in 
France.  Its  season  lasts  during  the  greater  portion 
of  October.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  regular  pyriform, 
shape.  Skin  bright  green,  dark  brown  or  purple  on 
the  exposed  side.  Flesh  melting  and  juicy  of  the 
first  quality.  Tree  of  free  growth,  succeeding  well  on 
the  Oiiince,  and  a  pretty  constant  cropper.  Raised  in 
France,  near  Poiteau.  A  striped  variety  of  this  exists, 
which  is  exceedingly  beautiful, 

9.  Fondantc  iC Autouine. — A  pretty  distinct  and 
well  known  variety,  remarkable  for  its  great  sweet- 
ness and  richness.  In  season  the  early  part  of 
October.     Fruit  of  medium  size,  roundish  obovate, 

'  with  a  large  open  eye.  Skin  dull  green-russet, 
seldom  coloured.  Flesh  melting,  exceedingly  rich,  and 
full  of  flavour.  Decays  somewhat  rapidly  at  the  core. 
Tree  of  free  growth  and  an  excellent  cropper. 

10.  Beiirte  Hardy, — A  very  fine  and  handsome  Pear, 
and  one  peculiarly  liked  by  birds  and  wasps,  who 
find  it  sweeter  than  most  other  sorts.  In  season  the 
early  part  of  October.  Fruit  large,  of  a  pretty  regular 
turbinate  shape.  Skin  of  a  uniform  brown-russet, 
very  pretty.  Flesh  melting,  juicy,  very  sweet  and 
pleasant.  Tree  of  very  fine  pyramidal  habit  of 
growth,  succeeding  well  as  a  pyramid  on  the 
Quince.  Raised  in  France,  and  named  in  compliment 
to  M.  Hardy. 

11.  Thofupson^s, — A  Pear  of  very  fine  quality,  but 
by  no  means  handsome.  In  season  during  October. 
Fruit  of  medium  size,  of  irregular  shape.  Skin  pale 
green,  covered  with  patches  of  light  russet.  Surface 
of  fruit  very  uneven  under  the  skin.  Flesh  melting, 
very  rich  and  juicy.  Tree  of  free  growth,  and  a  great 
cropper.  Raised  by  Van  Mons,  and  named  in  com- 
pliment to  Robert  Thompson,  of  Chiswick. 

12.  Jersey  Graiioli. — An  old,  distinct,  and  pretty 
well  known  Pear,  much  cultivated  for  the  London 
markets.  In  season  during  October.  Fruit  large, 
roundish  obovate,  skin  rough,  of  a  uniform  dull 
brown-russet  colour.  Flesh  melting,  juicy,  with  a 
fine  brisk  acid  flavour,  which  is  extremely  pleasant. 
Tree  of  free  stubby  growth,  succeeding  well  as  an 
orchard  standard. 

ij.  Suffolk  Thorn. — A  very  fine  Pear,  not  half  so 
well  known  as  it  deserves  to  be  ;  comes  into  use  shortly 
after  being  gathered  during  October.  Fruit  of  medium 
size,  turbinate  in  shape,  skin  mostly  covered  with 
warm  russet.  Flesh  melting,  sweet,  with  a  somewhat 
musky  flavour  and  very  pleasant.  Tree  of  somewhat 
thorny  growth,  like  a  wild  Pear,  very  fruitful ;  succeeds 
well  as  an  orchard  standard.  An  English  seedling, 
raised  at  Clavering  Hall,  Suffolk. 

14.  Marie  Louise, — Oae  of  the  standard  Pears, 
unequalled  by  any  in  its  season:  much  cultivated. 
Fruit  long,  pyriform,  pale  greenish-yellow,  sometimes 
covered  with  russet.  Flesh  very  soft  and  buttery,  juicy, 
rich  and  excellent.  la  season  through  the  month 
of  November.  If  gathered  successionally,  they  may 
be  made  to  last  a  long  time.  The  finest  in  ap- 
pearance are  those  grown  on  walls,  but  those  from 
standards  or  pyramids  are  generally  much  superior 
in  flavour.  If  grown  on  the  Quince  they  require  to 
be  double  grafted. 

15.  BenrrJ  Suferfui. — This  is  one  of  the  finest  of 
Pears  in  cultivation.  In  season  end  of  October  and 
November.  Fruit  roundish,  turbinate.  Skin  smooth, 
greenish-yellow  flaked  with  russet.  Flesh  melting, 
very  juicy,  having  a  very  pleasant  rich  acid  flavour. 
Tree  a  good  grower,  succeeding  well  on  the  Q  unce. 
Raised  by  M.  Goubault.    A.  F.  B. 

KTo  be  c<vi-in,u'd.) 


|n  |''iii(li»  |i;uU  |ard(}n. 


Where  there  is  a  large  number  ol  hardy  fruit  trees 
grown,  pruning  should  be  commenced  early  in  the 
autumn,  but  not  before  the  leaves  have  fallen. 
Small  bush  and  pyramidal  trees,  if  they  have  been 
well  looked  after  during  the  summer  as  to  pinching 
and  thinning  of  the  young  growth,  will  now  need 
little  attention  as  to  pruning,  merely  looking  over 
them,  and  cutting  out  any  useless  shoots  that  may 
have  been  overlooked  during  the  summer.  When 
this  is  done  advantage  should  be  taken  of  dry  weather 
to  wheel  manure  on  the  ground,  and  have  it  spread 
on  the  suriate  among  the  trees,  taking  care  that  the 
ground  is  clean,  and  free  from  weeds.  Should  the 
ground  be  loo  wet  for  hoeing  small  annual  weeds 
might  be  lightiy  pointed  in  before  spreading  the 
manure  on  the  surface,  but  by  no  means  dig  in  weeds 
that  are  seeding  ;  these  should  all  be  pulled  up  and 
burnt.  Now  is  a  favourable  time  to  commence  root- 
pruning  any  trees  that  may  be  growing  to  wood 
instead  ol  producing  fruit-buds.  At  the  same  time 
it  should  always  be  taken  into  consideration  how 
large  it  is  desirable  for  any  kind  of  fruit  tree  to  grow, 
either  on  the  v/alls  or  in  the  open  garden.  In  my 
opinion  it  is  a  great  mistake  to  begin  root-pruning  until 
the  trees  have  filled  their  allotted  space.  A  small  stunted 
tree  can  never  be  made  to  produce  satisfactory  crops 
ol  fruit,  therefore  it  should  be  out  aim  to  produce  a 
fine  healthy  growth,  by  building  up  a  good  healthy 
fabric  ;  we  can  then  make  it  fruitful  by  root-pruning 
if  required,  but  to  root-prune  a  sickly  or  unhealthy 
tree,  with  the  olject  of  making  it  fruitful, 
is  a  mistake,  tinheallhy  trees  may  always  be  im- 
proved by  careful  digging  under  the  roots  and  placing 
fresh  loam  round  the  roots.  Old  soil  from  the  potting 
bench  mixed  with  fresh  loam  and  road  grit  or  burnt 
ashes  is  a  good  and  always  comeatable  material  for 
placing  round  trees.  Cuttings  of  Gooseberries  and 
Currants  may  now  be  put  in,  they  will  strike  root 
freely  in  any  ordinary  garden  soil.  When  sparrows 
are  numerous  it  will  be  advisable  to  go  over  the 
Gooseberry  and  Currant  bushes,  and  dust  them  all 
over  with  soot  and  lime  when  they  are  damp  in  the 
morning.  This  will  be  found  an  etTsctuat  remedy, 
and  if  repeated  say  once  a  month  during  the  winter 
will  protect  the  buds  and  prove  beneficial  to  the 
buihes.  As  soon  as  the  leaves  of  Peach,  Nectarine, 
and  Apiicot  trees  have  fallen,  the  old  wood  should  be 
gone  over,  and  when  required  fresh  nailed  up,  but  all 
the  wood  of  the  current  year  should  be  unfastened 
from  the  walls  and  left  in  this  state  till  spring,  for  if 
pruned  now  and  nailed  up  it  only  encourages  the 
buds  to  grow,  where  it  should  be  our  aim  to  retard 
them  as  much  as  possible.  This  only  applies  to  trees 
on  south  walls.  Fig  tree;  may  be  tied  up  ready  for 
protecting  either  with  Fern  or  mats.  J.  Sinilh,  Aleut- 
more,  Bucks,  Oct,  19. 


JhE      pF^OPAQATOR. 


THE  PROrAGATION  OF  CONIFERS. 
The  Retinosporas,  in  their  sphere,  are  excellent 
plants  for  decorative  purposes;  the  symmetry  of  their 
shape  and  the  variety,  as  well  as  the  beauty  of  the 
delicate  tints  of  colour  in  their  foliage,  always  add  a 
pleasing  effect  to  their  environments.  Most  of  them 
are  of  small  growth,  and  ate  suited  for  pot  culture. 
In  the  cool  conservatory  or  winter  garden  they  can 
be  kept  in  perfect  health  for  years  in  small  pots  ;  they 
are  also  very  effective  in  rock  gardens,  and  are  among 
the  best  subjects  for  furnishing  beds  in  the  ilower 
garden  in  winter,  as  they  move  well  when  the  beds 
are  wanted  for  other  purposes. 

Retinosporas. 

Select  for  cuttings  pieces  2  inches  long  from  the 
tops  of  the  side  growths,  taking  care  that  the  pieces 
are  fully  developed  and  the  wood  ripe.  It  would  be 
waste  of  time  to  put  in  cuttings  in  an  unripe  state. 
When  a  few  of  the  bottom  leaf-branches  have  been 
trimmed  ciT,  and  the  bottom  of  the  stem  levelled  with 
a  sharp  knife,  the  cuttings  can  be  dibbled  into  48- 
pots— a  dozen  round  the  edge  and  six  in  the  middle 
of  each  pot.  The  cuttings  must  be  watered  with  a 
fine-rose  pot,  and  placed  in  a  shallow  case  or  frame 


in  a  cold  house,  or,  rather,  a  house  where  the  frost  is 
kept  out. 

While  in  the  frame  the  cuttings  must  not  be 
watered  overhead,  but  must  be  carefully  watered  with 
a  fine-spout  pot.  They  must  not  be  allowed  to 
become  dry.  The  glasses  of  the  frame  must  be  taken 
off  for  an  hour  both  night  and  morning.  Any  sun- 
shine should  be  intercepted  by  appropriate  shading. 
.\s  soon  as  the  cuttings  are  roajed  the  ventilation  of 
the  frame  should  be  gradually  increased,  until  at 
length  the  plants  are  hardy  enough  to  be  stood  out  in 
the  open  house.  After  a  few  days  they  can  be  potted 
separately  into  thumb-pots,  watered,  and  placed  on  a 
front  platform  or  shelf  as  near  the  glass  as  possible. 
Here  the  plants  must  be  regularly  watered,  never 
allowing  them  to  become  dry.  When  the  plants  are 
strong  enough  they  can  be  potted  into  larger  pots  and 
potted  again  if  necessary. 

The  soil  to  be  used  for  potting  the  cuttings  should 
be  composed  of  one  half  loam  and  the  remaining  half 
of  equal  quantities  of  peat  and^sand.  A  small  quan- 
tity of  finely  broken  potsherds  should  be  added,  and 
the  whole'-well  mixed  together,  and  sifted  through  a 
fine  sieve.  For  cutting  pots  some  large  45J's  should 
be  drained  to  a  quarter  of  their  depth,  and  then  filled 
up  with  the  above-named  soil,  which  should  be 
firmly  pressed  in. 

The  soil  in  which  to  pot  the  plants  should  be  made 
up  of  three-quarters  good  turfy  loam,  and  the  remain- 
ing fourth  of  equal  quantities  of  peat  and  sand,  and 
to  this  should  be  .added  small  quantities  of  charcoal 
and  finely  broken  potsherds  or  ballast. 

The  treatment  given  above  can  be  applied  to  the 
following  varieties  :  — R;  pisifera,  R.  pisifera  aurea, 
R.  squarrosa,  Tx.  obtusa,  R.  obtusa  alba,  R.  obtusa 
aurea,  R.  obtusa  nana,  I-;,  plumosa,  R.  filifera,  R, 
leptoclada,  and  R.  ericoides.  The  variegated  varieties 
can  also  be  grafted  into  young  plants  of  more  robust 
green  forms.    T.  O'B. 

{To  he  continued.) 


ASP.\R.\GUS   BEDS  AND   FRENCH   BE.^NS. 

The  now  ripe  growths,  together  with  all  weeds, 
should  be  removed  from  the  beds,  followed  by 
the  remov.al  of  a  couple  of  inches  ol  the  old  sur- 
face soil.  This  should  be  replaced  with  3  inches  of 
rich,  short  manure  ;  if  a  little  fresh  soil  is  at  hand  to 
mix  with  the  manure  before  placing  it  on  the  beds,  it 
would  be  beneficial. 

A  second  batch  of  French  Beans  should  now  be 
sown  in  pots  to  form  a  succession  to  those  now  com- 
mencing to  flower. 

Forcing. 

If  required  early  some  Seakale,  Rhubarb,  and 
Asparagus  must  soon  be  lifted  and  placed  into  pits 
or  houses  to  force.  Providing  a  sufficient  number 
of  roots  have  been  grown  in  the  kitchen  garden  to 
meet  these  demands  it  is  best  to  ascertain  roughly 
the  number,  especially  in  the  case  of  Asparagus,  so 
that  the  stock  can  be  divided  into  so  many  batches 
of  a  given  number  to  extend  over  the  season. 

In  order  to  start  the  roots  quickly  into  growth,  the 
first  batches  will  have  to  be  given  a  little  stronger 
heat  than  will  be  found  necessary  later ;  simultaneously 
a  batch  of  Seakale  may  be  placed  in  the  Mushroom- 
house  for  succession. 

Asparagus  is  most  conveniently  and  best  forced  in 
a  frame  or  low  forcing  pit  heated  by  hot-water  pipes, 
wherein  a  bed  of  fermenting  material  can  be  raised  up 
to  within  a  foot  of  the  glass  on  which  to  place  the 
roots,  in  some  fine  light  soil ;  failing  this,  the  old- 
fashioned  wooden  two-light  box  is  best,  which  can  be 
placed  on  the  top  of  a  good  lasting  hotbed,  and  linings 
constructed  outside,  which  should  be  added  to  as  they 
subside,  to  assist  in  maintaining  a  steady  heat.  Once 
the  rank  heat  has  passed  off,  and  the  roots  are  placed 
on  the  bed,  no  air  will  be  required  until  the  grass  is 
peeping  through,  after  which  time  it  must  be  admitted 
in  accordance  with  the  weather.  The  glass  should 
be  covered  nightly  with  mats  and  other  protection  in 
the  shape  of  dry  bracken  or  straw. 

The  protection  in  the  shape  of  dry  leaves  or  straw 
should  now  be  placed  round  the  roots  of  Globe  Arti- 
chokes, previously  removing  any  old  decayed  leaves 
or  old  remaining  stems.  Some  soil  should  be  thrown 
on  the  leaves,  or  straw  (whichever  is  used),  to  keep 
out  wet,  and  also  to  prevent  the  protection  being 
removed  by  the  wind.  G.  II.  Richards,  Somerler, 
Riugwooil, 


528 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  24, 


APPOINTMENTS    FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  "lale  of  f 


„     Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Room 
of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  ProtheroeS  Morr 

Royal   Horticultural  Society  :    Meetinc 


Floral    Commi 
I       II   A  M..  at  South  KensinRton. 
Oct.  S7  •!  Sale  of  Hoiveiing  Orchids,    at   Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms 
I  Clearance  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock  at  Putney, 
by  Protheroe  &  Morris  (two  days). 


'  Rooms. 
Sale    of     Dutch    Bulbs, 
'  Rooms. 


Prothert 


°"'  '5  1  Clearance  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock   at  Hen- 
don,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 
I  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  West  Wickham, 
L     by  Protheroe  &  Morris  (two  days). 

r,  ,  ,„  (  Sale    of    Imported   Orchids,    at  Protheroe 

""  30  j      ^  Morris'  Rooms. 

C  Sale  of  first-class  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms, 

Oct.  31  \  Sale    of    Dutch    Bulbs,    at     Protheroe    He 


luscious  fruit  production.  At  any  rate,  at 
Chiswiclc  thie  several  counties  have  fair  play,  as 
their  products  lie  side  by  side,  and  no  favour  is 
given  to  either.  In  point  of  numbers,  we 
believe,  Middlese.x  heads  the  list,  as  might  have 
been  expected  ;  but  the  metropolitan  county  has 
no  such  advantages  of  soil  and  climate  as  Mid- 
Kent  has.  An  enormous  show  of  this  kind 
necessarily  entails  some  monotony  and  repeti- 
tion', but  in  the  report  in  another  column  we 
have  endeavoured  to  bring  into  view  the  salient 
points  of  an  e.xhibition  of  Pears,  the  like  of 
which  we  never  saw  before,  and  which  the 
present  generation  is  hardly  likely  to  see  again. 


Mo 


'  Rooms. 


THE  National  Pear  Conference,  which 
opened  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens  at  Chiswick  on  Wednesday -last,  and 
which   will    be   continued   until    November   4, 
may  be  already  chronicled  as,  in  one  respect,  a 
great  success.     At  the  time  of  writing  it  is  im- 
possible to  say  much  more  than  that  the  exhibi- 
tion itself  is  successful  beyond  the  most  sanguine 
expectation.     From  the  far  North  to  the  utmost 
South,  from  East  to  West,  from  sunny  France  and 
wet  Wales,  Pears  have  poured  in  in  such  numbers 
that  more  than  six  thousand  two  hundred  plates 
loads  the  board  ;  and  if  we  count  an  average  of 
five  Pears  to  each  plate,  it  brings  the  number  of 
Fears  exhibited  up  to  the  respectable  number 
of  thirty-one  thousand  Pears.       Chiswick  itself 
shows  200  sorts.      Nearly  200  exhibitors  show 
their  produce  and   this  "  all  for  love,"  as   no 
prizes    of   any    kind    are     offered.        But,    of 
course,  the  mere  record  of  so  many  thousand 
Pears    and  so   many  tons    weight  of  crockery, 
however  impressive  it  may  be  to  the  popular 
mind,     is    not     a    matter     of    first-rate     im- 
portance    to     our    readers.       When    we    say 
that     the     noble     vinery     is     full     from     end 
to    end,    and    that   two    large    tents    do    not 
suffice  to  hold  the  fruits,  we  have  said  enough 
on  the  subject  of  quantity.     The  sight  in  the 
great  vinery,  with  the  Grapes   still   clustering 
overhead,   is   impressive   enough   for  a   statis- 
tician, and  beautiful  enough  for  an  artist— but 
these   are,   after   all,   secondary  matters.     The 
main  object  of  the   Exhibition  is  to  collect  in- 
formation, and  formulate  it  for  future  use.     For 
this  purpose  the  Exhibition  offers  greater  facili- 
ties than  any  previously  held.     First,  there  is 
an  unrivalled  opportunity  for  establishing  and 
correcting  nomenclature  ;  next,  there  are  eijually 
unrivalled   means  of  testing  the   suitability  of 
particular  kinds  to  particular  localities,  and  of 
observing  the  changes  brought  about  by  varia- 
tions in  stocks,  methods  of  culture,  aspect,  soil, 
and  the  like.     It  is,  indeed,  most  interesting  to 
see  the  summer  Pears  of  the  South,  like  the 
Jargonelle,  just   in   in  the  North  of  Scotland  ; 
most    instructive    to     see     the    differences    in 
colour    of   the    same    variety    grown     against 
a  wall  or   on  a  standard.     Jersey,  we  venture 
to  think,  carries  the  palm  for  quality,  the  Pears 
from   the   Channel   Islands   being   superior   to 
those  even  from  the  banks  of  the  Loire.     Of 
our  own  specially  British  Pears  those  from  the 
noble  county  of  Kent  stand  foremost,  and  once 
more  assert  the  right  of  that  county  to  the  title 
of  the  Garden  of   England — an  epithet   which 
some  eight-day  wanderer   in   Devonshire    has 
unthinkingly  assigned   in  our   columns   to   the 
latter  county,  to  the  wrathful,  and  we  must  say 
righteous,  indignation  of  both  men  of  Kent  and 
Kentish  men.     Certainly   the  wanderer  afore- 
said, who  has  his  eyes  about  him,  will,  we  are 
sure,  after  seeing  what  Kent  can  do,  admit  with 
C.€SAR  that  it  is  "the  civilest  place  in  all  the 
isle  ; "  and  if  Exeter,  whose  fruit  show  is  coin- 
cident with  that  now  on  view  at  Chiswick,  can 
produce  better  samples  than  those  shown  from 
Kent,  then   we  shall  feel  grateful  that   happy 
England    should    have    two  such    centres    of 


It  will  be  within    the   cognisance    of   many 
of  our    readers    that  efforts   have   lately  been 
made,   mainly  at  the   instigation  and  through 
the  exertions  of  Lord  Cathcart,  to  introduce 
various  wild  species  of  Pot.\to  for  the  purposes 
of  cultivation  and  also  for  the  purposes  of  cross- 
breeding and  hybridisation.     The  introduction 
of  new  blood,  it  was  thought,  might  give  us  new 
and  more  robust  varieties,  and  possibly  some 
that  would  withstand  thej  attacks  of  the  Potato 
fungus  betterthanexistingvarieties.    Mr.  Baker 
made  known  to  us   through  the  medium  of  a 
paper  in  the  Journal  oj  the   Linnean  Society, 
the  species  most  likely  to  be  of  service  from 
their  tuber-producing  habit,  and  rendered  great 
service  by  his  careful  definitions  and    indica- 
tions of  habit  and  locality.     To  some  of   the 
conclusions  and  inferences  at  which  he  arrived 
we   must  respectfully  demur ;   we  accept    our 
friend's  facts  with  gratitude,  and  he  will  be  the 
first  to  excuse  us  if  we  do  not  altogether  see  our 
way  to  endorse  his  views  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
tuber  and   other  matters  of  speculation.      Be 
this  as    it    may,  however,  one  of   the    species 
prominently  brought  under  notice  is  the  Sola- 
num  Maglia,  discovered  by  Darwin  in  islands 
off  the  south  part  of  Chile  in  low-lying  marshy 
places.     It  is  quite  clear  from    Mr.    Baker's 
own  figures,  as  well  as  from  a  comparison  of 
specimens,  that  this  is  in  some  respects  more 
nearlyalliedto  the  bulkof  cultivatedPotatosthan 
is  the  Solanum  tuberosum  itself,  from  which  they 
have   hitherto   been   supposed   to   be   derived, 
and  which  latter  is  a  native  of  high  mountain 
regions    in   Peru,   subject  to   intermittent   and 
scanty  rainfall.    Solanum  Maglia  has  been  grown 
for  some  time  at  Kew,  but  without  producing  much 
result  so  far  as  tubers  are  concerned.  No  sooner, 
however,  do  the  magicians  of  Reading,  we  mean 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  get  hold  of  it,  than 
they  manage  to  make  the  small  tubers  of  Sola- 
num Maglia  produce  a  very  respectable  crop  of 
large  or  medium-sized  pinkish  tubers,  of  irregular 
form  and  sunken  eye,  it  is  true,  but  still  so  far 
from  unpromising  as  to  suggest  the  probability 
of  ultimately  securing  a  new  and  distinct  variety 
which      for     shape      and     appearance     may 
eventually  merit    a  place    on    the    exhibition 
table.      Moreover,     the   flavour  when   cooked 
is  by  no  means  bad,  but  is  so  good  as  in  this 
case  also  to  suggest  the  probability  of  great  im- 
provement in  the  future.     This  of  itself  is  not 
a  very  great  achievement,  but  it  is  not  all ;  we 
expect  a  plant  to  "  improve  "  under  the  hands 
of  the  cultivators,  especially  of  those  so  skilled 
and  experienced  as  Messrs.  Sutton  and  their 
assistants.    But  Messrs.  SUTTON  have  not  been 
content  with  this  comparatively  easy  experiment, 
they  have  entered  the  field   as   hybriilists,  and 
have  broken  ground  which   we,  like  all  those 
interested  in  the  matter,  have  so  long  and  so 
repeatedly  urged   cultivators   to  do.     It  is  not 
every  one— even  granted  the  requisite  skill  and 
knowledge — who  has  the  facilities,   can  afford 
the  time,  or  exercise  the  patience  requisite  for 
such  experiments,    but  Messrs.   Sutton  have 
not  recoiled  from  the  difficulties  and  tedium  of 
the  task.  Commercial  men  can  hardly  be  blamed 
if  they  do  not  enter  into  matters  which  are  the 
more  fitting  task  of  an  experimental  garden  ;  but 


when  they  do  take  them  up  we  ought  to  be 
specially  grateful,  for  they  are  sure  to  do  so 
on  a  large  scale,  and  with  an  amount  of  care  and 
oversight  which  others  less  favourably  placed 
cannot  give.  At  any  rate,  Messrs.  Sutton,  exer- 
cising all  due  precautions  to  prevent  fallacy  and 
eiTor,  crossed  the  blooms  of  Solanum  Maglia 
with  pollen  from  one  of  Mr.  Fenn's  varieties, 
as  narrated  by  them  in  the  Times  of  November 
29,  1S84.  If  Mr.  Fenn's  preduction  be  truly  a 
descendant  of  S.  tuberosum,  the  process  is  one 
of  hybridisation  between  two  so-called  species  ; 
if  the  two  parents  are  merely  varieties  of  one 
and  the  same  species,  the  process  is  one  of  simple 
crossing,  and  not  of  hybridisation.  But,  in  any 
case,  the  two  processes,  crossing  and  hybridisa- 
tion, clearly  only  differ  in  degree.  From  the 
cross  three  berries  were  obtained  in  1884,  the 
seeds  from  which  were  sown  in  March  of  the 
present  year,  and  treated  under  identically  the 
same  conditions  in  every  respect,  so  far  as  could 
be,  have  now  produced  a  crop  of  tubers,  in 
which,  as  is  usual  in  first  crosses,  maybe  seen  an 
immense  degree  of  variation  in  the  amount  and 
nature  of  the  produce,  in  habit  of  growth,  colour, 
size,  duration,  and  the  like.  In  some  cases  the 
seedlings  produced  four  or  five  small  tubers, 
not  bigger  than  Peas  ;  in  other  cases  seedlings 
from  the  same  cross  yielded  as  many  as  ninety- 
nine  tubers,  ranging  in  size  from  that  of  a  Pea 
to  that  of  a  large  Walnut,  but  weighing  in  all 
only  eleven  ounces  ;  while  in  another  case  forty- 
four  tubers  weighed  two  pounds  twelve  and  a 
half  ounces. 

In  some  the  skin  is  brown  and  rough,  in 
others  smooth  and  yellow,  in  some  red,  in  others 
half  red,  half  yellow.  The  height  and  cha- 
racter of  the  haulm  varied  like  those  of  the 
tuber. 

In  some  instances  cuttings  were  taken  from 
the  plants,  and  these  cuttings  produced,//-!)  raid, 
as  much  variety  in  tuber  as  those  produced  in 
the  ordinary  way,  and  one  of  the  tubers  so  pro- 
duced was  the  largest  of  the  whole. 

A  tuber  of  Solanum  tuberosum  from  Arizona 
yielded  sixty-eight  tubers  of  small  size.  Solanum 
Commersoni  also  produced  tubers  and  flowers, 
which  latter  resisted  all  the  efforts  of  the  experi- 
menter to  effect  a  cross. 

Seedlings  from  old  and  well-known  varieties 
were  also  grown  in  the  same  way  as  seedlings  of 
Solanum  Maglia,  and  these  proved,  on^  the 
whole,  less  productive  than  the  crossed  seed- 
lings of  S.  Maglia,  but  also  showed  a  good 
deal  of  variation  in  the  tubers. 

In  addition  Messrs.  Sutton  have  succeeded 
in  crossing  the  Victoria  Potato  with  the  pollen 
of  Chiswick  Red  Tomato,  and  other  Potatos 
with  pollen  from  S.  Dulcamara  and  S.  nigrum, 
reversing  the  cross  in  some  instances.  From 
these  crosses  seed  has  been  obtained,  but  we 
must  await  another  season  to  ascertain  the  result. 
Such,  in  bare  outline,  are  the  results  hitherto 
obtained  by  Messrs.  Sutton.  So  far  they 
agree  with  what  happens  generally  in  first 
crosses.  A  great  deal  of  variation  has  ensued, 
and  some  of  the  tubers  are,  to  say  the  least, 
promising.  Whether  any  of  them  will  prove 
able  to  resist  the  attacks  of  parasitic  fungi 
better  than  the  varieties  we  have,  remains  to  be 
seen.  This  year,  happily,  the  fungus  has  hardly 
put  in  an  appearance  at  all,  and  if  growers 
would  now  destroy  the  few  diseased  tubers  they 
find  instead  of  throwing  them  on  the  dungheap, 
they  might  do  much  to  mitigate  the  disease  in 
future  years.  In  any  case,  however,  the  thanks 
of  all  horticulturists,  practical  and  scientific,  are 
due  to  Messrs.  Sutton,  and  the  results 
attained  will,  we  trust,  induce  them  to  continue 
their  researches  another  year.  Those  gentle- 
men gave  us  the  privilege  of  inspecting  the 
results  of  their  experiments,  and  have  furnished 
us  with  the  following  statistical  details.  We 
would  further  suggest  that  they  should  as- 
certain, not  only  the  weight  of  the  tubers  in  air, 
but  also  in    water   (specific   gravity),  as  they 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  — Octobkv.    24,    18 


Fig.    120.— CLEMATli  DAVIUIANA  ;    HARDY  ERECT  HERBACEOUS   PLANT  :    FLOWERS  BLUE,      (SEE  P.    530.) 


530 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE- 


[October  24,  1885. 


would  do  to  in  the  case  of  Swedes  or  Mangels, 
arid  thus  obtain  a  truer  insight  into  quality  than 
mere  weight  in  air  can  afford.  They  may  not 
win  success  in  the  particular  direction  in  which 
it  is  sought,  but  they  are  certain  to  gain  some 
useful  result  by  this  process  of  questioning 
Mother  Nature. 


SOUNUM      MaGLIA     HYBRin    POTATOS. — 


—  The  rHYSIOGRAPHE.  —  M.  Delapierre, 
'il.  Rue  dii  Faubourg  Saint  Antoine,  has  forwarded 
us  one  of  Ihese  useful  implements,  destined  to  be 
used  instead  of  the  camera-Iucida.  The  prism  is 
replaced  by  small  mirrors  and  a  neutral  lint  reflector 
borne  on  a  horizontal  arm,  and  capable  of  being 
easily  adjusted  and  focussed.  It  is  applicable  for 
portraiture,  landscape,  reproduction  of  plans,  draw- 
ings, &c.  From  the  trials  that  we  have  made 
with  it  we  have  found  it  easier  and  quicker  to  manage 


■„. 

Whs.i  sown. 

When  planted. 

Height  of 
haulm. 

When  lifted. 

Weight  of  pro- 

Number  of 
'Jubers. 

Colour  of 
Tubers. 

3 
■t 

1SS5. 
March 

1SS3. 
J„n=   M 

Inches. 
12 
i3 

1E85. 
August 

Or.iins. 
6 

I.I..     0/. 
0       1% 

6 

5 

30 

Erown 
White 

rii.k 

6 
7 

iS 

0       0)^ 
0       4 

White 
Drown 

8 

24 

September  22 

0      11 

=7 

Red 

9 

54 

„ 

0     lo'i 

28 

White 

° 

6j 

September 

0    ?;< 
"    5 

^. 

Brown 

2 

4S 

,, 

0     i;'i 

30 

White 

3 

69 

2       I 

61 

I 

54 

'       7/i 

43 

Darli  red 

7 
8 

48 
30 
33 

" 

5t 
83 
36 

White 

9 

62 

2        12'j 

44 

ISlu-h 

0 

36 

August 

0    10 

39 

I'iik 

4 

iS 
73 
4- 
30 

September  I'l 
.\ugusl 

0         4'^ 

29 
99 

White 
Pir,k 

6 

50 

September 

0    cy; 

Brown 

7 

70 

1        3"4 

II 

White 

8 

30 

August 

0    3.'^ 

■7 

" 

The  last  four  (Nos,  24  to  28)  were  sown  like  the 
others,  but  when  about  9  inches  in  height  the  tops 
were  taken  off  to  increase  the  number  of  plants,  as 
was  hoped;  but  though  the  cuttings  grew  and  yielded 
well,  all  four  of  the  parent-plants  died, 

Clematis  Davidiana. — This  is  one  of  the 

annual  species  introduc:d  from  Northern  China  by 
the  Abbe  David,  and  appropriately  named  after 
him  by  the  late  -M.  Decaisne.  For  the  specimen 
whence  oui  illustration  was  taken,  we  are  indebted  to 
Jlr.  Lynch,  of  the  Cambridge  Botanic  Garden,  and 
a  comparison  of  the  tigure  now  given  (fig.  120)  with 
that  in  M.  Decaisne's  memoir  on  the  tubular-flowered 
Clematis,  will  show  how  greatly  the  plant  has 
advanced  in  the  matter  of  attractiveness.  The 
flowers  are  of  a  rich  blue  colour,  with  a  powerful 
perfume,  as  in  C.  flammula,  and  so  far  seems  to  have 
produced  stamens  only.  M.  Decaisne  mentions 
that  the  dried  specimens  in  herbaria  are  likewise 
male.  The  plant  dries  down  in  winter,  but  the  stock 
is  quite  hardy,  so  that  we  have  in  it  a  notable  addition 
to  our  collection  of  herbaceous  plants.  A  full  de- 
scription is  given  inM.  Decaisne's  Monograph  in  the 
Naiivdk!  Archives  dii  Museum,  and  in  the  Fieri:  ifes 
Serres,  vol.  xxii.,  p.  163,  For  the  rest  our  illlustration 
tells  its  own  tale. 

WlSLEY. — We  understand  that  some  illus- 
trations of  Mr.  G.  F.  Wilson's  garden  at  O.akwood, 
Wisley,  will  be  published  in  the  Graphic  of  Octo- 
ber 24. 

The  De  Candolle  Prize.— The  Physical 

and  Natural  History  Society  of  Geneva  offers  a  prize 
of  500  francs  for  the  best  monograph  of  a  genus  or 
family  of  plants.  The  manuscript  may  be  written  in 
Latin,  French,  German,  English,  or  Italian,  and 
should  be  sent  to  M.  le  President  de  la  Socie  (5  de 
Physique  et  d'llistoire  Naturelle  de  Geneve,  a 
TAthence,  Genuve,  Switzerland.  The  Society  would 
probably  publish  the  selected  monograph  in  its 
Memoirs. 

Narcissus     juosorHYLi.us— Mr.     Ware 

skips  from  autumn  to  spring  at  a  bound,  and  nullifies 
winter  in  a  manner  as  agreeable  as  surprising,  "by 
sending  us  flowers  of  the  lovely  white  Hoop-petticoat 
Narcissus, 


than  the  camera,  while  the  image  is  equally  well  de- 
fined, and  the  point  ol  the  pencil  not  so  subject  to 
those  disappearances  which  render  camera  drawing  so 
vexatious  a  proceeding.  Moreover,  the  apparatus  is 
less  expensive  than  the  ordinary  camera. 

Mr.    Eunyard's   Fruit-room.— Of    this 

illustration  given  in  our  last  issue,  Mr.  Bunyard,  of 
Maidstone,  writes:  —  "It  was  made  of  matchboard 
and  quartering,  a  cheap  alTiir,  and  yet  keeps  fruit  as 
long  as  possible.  It  is  topped  with  reeds  from  the 
Medway  marshes.  The  boards  and  slabs  at  the  sides 
are  painted  green,  and  the  base  of  the  reeds  was 
creosoted,  and  we  expect  it  to  stand  for  twenty  years. 
The  old  man  who  thatched  it  told  me  that  the 
'reed'  was  practically  indestructible  if  laid  pro- 
perly, and  that  he  had  used  over  again  materials 
from  an  old  barn  that  had  stood  for  eighty  years." 

Ghent  Horticultural  Society.— At   a 

meeting  of  this  Society,  held  on  October  12,  the  fol- 
lowing awards  were  made  t— First-class  Certificates 
to  M.  Jules  Heye  Leysen,  for  Cypripedium  Fairiea- 
num  ;  to  M.  Vervaet  &  Co,,  for  Dendrobium  species 
from  Birma  ;  to  M.  Desmet-Duvivier,  for  Eucharis 
Sanderiana.  Commendations  for  novelty  to  MM.  Ver- 
vaet &  Co.,  for  Comparettia  macroplectron  ;  to  M.  Ed. 
Pynaert,  for  Cypripedium  Arthurianum  ;  to  M.  De- 
smet-Duvivier, for  Cattleya  superba  splendens.  Cul- 
tural Commendations  to  iM.  L.  Spae-Van  der  Mculcn, 
lor  Cocos  Blumenavi ;  to  M.  Bernard  Spae,  for  Til- 
landsia  musaica. 

— -  1a.\V)  Mayor's  Day.- Mr.  K.  S.  Williams 
has,  we  learn,  been  entrusted  with  the  floral  deco- 
rations at  the  Guildhall  on  November  9,  1SS5. 

Amusements  at  the   American    Exhi- 

lilTION,  1SS6.  — "America  in  Miniature  "  would  not 
be  complete  without  an  eff  Jtt  to  combine  recreation 
with  instruction.  It  is  best  in  these  matters  to  have 
as  little  hypocrisyas  possible.  Where  one  person  cares 
for  the  exhibits,  probably  half-a-dozen  prefer  the 
agreeable  accompaniments  ;  nor  can  they  be  blamed 
for  a  taste  so  natural.  The  Council  have,  therefore, 
from  the  inception  of  their  work,  while  bestowing 
every  attention  upon  the  technical  and  educational 
purposes  of  the  Exhibition,  been  -mindful  ol  the 
necessity    of    providing    such    forms    of   legitimate 


recreation  as  shall  conduce  lo  render  a  visit  to  the 
American  Exhibition  entertaining  as  well  as  instruc- 
tive, and  these  will  include  not  only  excellent  music 
and  cheerful  surroundings,  but  many  novelties  not 
hiiherto  enjoyed  by  Europeans.  The  site  selecteed 
will  furnish  10  or  12  acres  of  grounds  for  these  pur- 
poses, and  atTord  ample  space  also,  for  the  display,  in 
climatic  sequence,  of  exclusively  American  Conifers, 
and  other  plants,  shrubs,  and  flowers,  including  an 
avenue  commencing  with  those  found  in  the  Northern 
and  Eastern  States,  and  ending  with  those  of  the 
Southern  and  Western  Slates.  The  chief  of  the 
horticultural  department  is  Mr.  William  Goldking. 

The    Gardeners'    Roy'al     Benevolent 

Institution. — The  Committee  will  meet  early  in 
November  next  to  consider  the  additions  to  the 
Pension  List  which  are  to  be  made  in  January,  1SS6. 
The  Committee  will  be  greatly  obliged  by  the  col- 
lecting cards  being  sent  in  on,  or  before  November  I, 
as  upon  the  result  of  the  collection  the  number 
lobe  placed  on  the  Pension  List  will  mainly  depend. 
At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Committee  Baron 
Schroeder,  The  Dell,  Egham,  was  elected  Vice- 
President,  in  room  of  Edmund  Wilder,  Esq., 
deceased.  He  has,  we  understand,  written  to  the  Sec- 
retary, that  he  will  accept  the  ofh:e  with  pleasure, 
and  will  continue  to  give  the  Institution  his  best  sup- 
port and  aid. 

National  Rose  Society.— The  meetings 

of  this  Society  have  been  arranged  to  be  held  in  1886  : 
the  Metropolitan  Show  at  South  Kensington  on 
July  6  ;  the  Provincial  Show  at  the  Botanic  Gardens, 
Birmingham,  on  Thursday,  July  15.  The  following 
Rose  Show  fixtures  have  also  been  announced  :  — 
Farningham,  June  30  ;  Reigate,  July  i  ;  Tunbridge 
Wells,  July  2  ;  Ellham,  July  3  ;  Sutton,  July  7  ; 
Helston,  July  8  ;  and  Wirral,  July  10.  These 
Societies  are  all  affiliated  with  the  National  Society. 

The  "  Botanical  Magazine."— The  October 

number  contains  figures  of  the  following  plants  : — 

Cham<vdorea  Aremhcr'^iana,  t.  6S38.  —  An 
elegant  dwarf  Palm,  not  exceeding  5?.  feet  in  height, 
with  a  crown  of  pinnate  leaves,  each  6 — 7  feet  long, 
and  with  ten  to  fifteen  pairs  of  drooping  oblong 
lanceolate  leaves.  The  whitish  flowers  are  borne  on 
long,  pendulous  catkins,  which  emerge  from  the 
trunk  beneath  the  crown  of  leaves.  It  is  a  native  of 
Guatemala,  and  requires  stove  treatment. 

fuchsia  ajnpliata,  Bentham,  t.  6S39. — A  species 
native  of  the  Ecuadorian  Andes,  with  leaves  margined 
with  red,  and  with  long,  slender,  trumpet-shaped 
scarlet  flowers.  It  was  introduced  to  Kew  from 
Quito,  through  the  late  Isaac  Anderson-Henry. 

Anemone  folyanlhes,  t.  6S40. — A  hardy  herba- 
ceous plant,  12  —  iS  inches  high,  with  rounded  pal- 
mately  lobed  hairy  leaves  and  star-like  white  flowers 
in  an  umbelliform  inflorescence.  Each  flower 
measures  about  \\  inch  across.  It  is  a  common 
Himalayan  plant,  extending  from  Kashmir  to 
Sikkim. 

Callipsyche  auratifiaca,  t.  6841. — This  plant,  a 
native  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador,  combines  the  leaf 
and  habit  of  Eucharis  with  fljwers  of  the  shape  of 
those  of  a  Hippeastrum,  but  yellow,  and  with  very 
long  declinate  stamens.  The  leaves  are  produced 
after  the  flowers.     It  is  a  very  striking  plant. 

Pliacelia  Parryi,  t.  6S42.— A  native  of  Southern 
California,  like  its  near  ally,  P.  campanularia,  but 
withnarrowerleaves  and  shorter  corolla  tube.  P.  cam- 
panularia is  among  the  most  splendid  annuals  intro- 
duced of  hte  years  (by  Mr.  Thompson  of  Ipswich)  but 
is  as  yet  scarcely  known.  The  present  is  hardly  in- 
ferior, 

The  National  Chrysanthemum  So- 
ciety. —  The  autumn  general  meeting  of  the 
members  of  this  Society  (one  of  the  quarterly  gather- 
ings provided  by  the  rules)  took  place  at  ihe  "  Old 
Four  Swans  Inn,"  Bishopsgate  Street,  on  the  19th 
inst. ,  when  there  was  a  large  attendance  of  members. 
The  Hon.  Secretary,  Mr.  William  Holmes,  re- 
ported that  sixteen  societies  had  become  affiliated 
under  the  National  Society,  and  nominated  for  elec- 
tion twenty-two  new  members,  making  the  total 
number  295,  A  sub-comniiitee  was  appointed  to 
draw  up  rules  for  the  guidance  of  the  Floral  Com- 
mittee. Some  correspondence  was  read  in  reference 
to  suggestions  that  prizes  should  be  offered  for  late 
Grapes   on   the  occasion   of   the  exhibition   of  late 


OttOBER  24,    1^85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


531 


flowtring  Chrysanthemums  in  January  next.  The 
Hon.  Secretary  advised  that  the  matter  should  be  left 
in  his  hands.  The  .Society  had  no  funds  from  which 
to  offer  prizes,  but  should  any  subscriptions  be  sent 
in  specially  for  that  purpose  he  would  ask  the  com- 
mittee to  arrange  certain  classes  for  Grapes  according 
to  the  amount  received.  It  was  believed  thai  special 
prizes  would  be  offered  for  late  Grapes  at  the  January 
meeting,  and  the  particulars  would  be  announced  at 
the  earliest  possible  moment, 

Caryopteris    mastacanthus.— After  the 

late  severe  frosts,  when  the  thermometer  fell  to  26' 
and  23°  Fahr.,  it  is  pleasing  to  see  the  altractive 
bright  blue  flowers  of  this  Verbenaceous  plant  as 
showy  as  ever,  and  without  evidence  of  having  suffered 
in  any  material  way.  Truly  at  Kew  it  enjoys  the 
protection  of  a  wall  on  a  southern  aspect.  The  con- 
trast becomes  more  conspicuous  when  we  compare 
it  with  the  blackened  condition  of  Tropceolum-, 
Dahlias,  and  I'.oehmeria  nivea,  the  later  of  which 
exists  in  the  open  air  all  winter,  and  renews  itself 
annually  from  the  roolstock.  Not  only  is  the  plant 
in  question  notable  in  the  order  to  which  it  belongs, 
but  it  supplies  a  desirable  colour  in  the  waning  days 
of  autumn.  The  individual  flowers  are  small,  but 
produced  in  axillary  clusters  in  great  profusion,  Ihey 
exhibit  a  striking  contrast  to  the  deep  green  colour  of 
the  ovate-oblong  serrated  leaves.  Even  although  so 
nearly  hardy  it  would  repay  cultivation  in  a  green- 
house where  it  would  introduce  its  own  characteristic 
distinctness  amongst  the  other  appropriate  occupants 
of  the  house  at  that  season.  It  produces  numerous 
branching  stems  about  2  feet  in  height,  and  a  group 
of  it  grown  in  pots  would  have  an  excellent  effect. 
It  has  recently  been  figured  in  the  Bolaiiua! Magazine, 
t.  6799,  and  a  full  page  illustration  has  been  given 
in  our  columns. 

IIORTlcULTtJRAL  Clui)  — The  first  monthly 

dianer  and  conversazione  for  the  winter  season  took 
place  on  Tuesday  last,  at  the  rooms,  I,  Henrietta 
S'.reet,  Covent  Garden,  There  was  a  large  attendance, 
including  Mr.  G.  Lee,  Chairman  ;  Professor  Foster, 
Revs.  F.  H.  Gall  and  T.  Flintoff,  Messrs.  Deal,  George 
Paul,  Druery,  Cousens,  Stoltenhoff,  Collins,  Stamfels, 
&c.  The  following  new  members  were  elected  : — 
Rev.  W.  Wiiks,  Shirley,  Croydon  ;  Messrs.  E.  B. 
Liodsell,  Helston  ;  Arthur  Turner,  Slough  ;  W.  II. 
Williams,  Salisbury  ;  Herbert  Cutbush,  Ilighgate  ; 
and  George  Bunyaid,  Maidstone.  Professor  Foster 
opened  an  interesting  discussion  on  the  germination 
ol  seeds,  which  was  continued  by  Mr.  George  Paul, 
Messrs.  Druery,  Cousens,  &c.  The  thanks  of  the 
members  present  were  given  to  Professor  Foster  for 
his  kindness  in  introducing  the  subject,  and  fjr  the 
interesting  facts  brought  forward. 

Adhatoda  cydoni.efolia. —  Unlike  most 

members  of  the  Acanthaccie,  this  has  a  slender  some- 
what twining  habit,  and  is  most  suitable  as  a  basket 
plant  or  for  training  up  the  rafters  of  a  stove.  It  is 
one  of  the  five  Brazilian  species,  and  seems  rather 
variable  in  the  amount  of  hairiness  of  the  leaves. 
There  is  a  form  of  it  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew, 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4962.  It  is  a 
much  smoother  plant  than  that  figured  at  t.  25,  and 
described  at  p.  148  of  Martius'  Flora  Brasilicnsis, 
vol.  ix.,  but  in  other  respects  the  figures  agree. 
The  flowers  are  very  showy,  and  freely  produced  in 
axillary  and  terminal  clusters  on  the  growing  shoots. 
The  tube  and  upper  lip  are  white,  with  the  exception 
of  the  tip  and  upper  margins,  which  are  purple.  The 
lower  lip  is  broad,  three  lobeJ,  and  a  deep  rich 
purple  verging  on  violet,  with  a  longitudinal  median 
white  stripe.  It  would  constitute  an  excellent 
companion  to  and  contrast  beautifully  with  Asystasia 
scandens,  belonging  to  the  same  natural  order,  and 
producing  large  white  flowers,  widening  upwards  or 
funnel  shaped.  Its  showy  congener,  however,  under 
notice,  has  ringent  flowers  and  is  closely  allied  to 
lustitia. 

Landscape   Gardening.— We  learn  from 

the  Sussex  Daily  Nc-.os  that  the  new  cemetery 
of  the  Brighton  and  Preston  Cemetery  Company 
is  to  be  made  very  pretty.  The  difference  a  good 
landscape  gardener  can  effect  in  the  appearance  of  a 
bare  expanse  of  lard,  if  given  carle  blanche  in  ihe 
utilisation  of  the  land,  is  very  considerable.  The 
cemetery  company  hive  sought  the  services  of  a  land- 
scape gardener,   and    have  accepted    the   plans   of  a 


gentleman  well  known  in  Brighton,  and  who  acquired 
a  considerable  reputation  for  the  skill  with  which, 
under  his  direction,  21  acres  of  land  at  Stokeupon- 
Trent,  devoid  of  natural  beauty,  were  converted, 
according  to  Mr.  Mii.ner's  plans,  into  one  of  the 
prettiest  cemeteries  in  the  country.  Mr.  SviiNEV 
Marshall,  son  of  Mr.  E.  J.  Marshall,  of  the 
Brighton  Grammar  School,  is  entrusted  with  the 
duty  of  laying  out  the  new  cemetery  at  Brighton. 
His  plans,  while  not  disregarding  the  importance  of 
leaving  as  much  land  as  possible  for  grave  spaces, 
point  to  the  addition  to  Brighton  of  a  cemetery  which 
will  tempt  many  to  resort  to  it  as  an  agreeable 
resort,  and  which  will  afford  another  proof  of 
the  surprising  results  of  landscape  gardening,  of 
which  Brighton  has  had  several  instances.  Trees, 
shrubs,  and  flowers  are  to  be  freely  used,  and  curved 
drives  and  walks  are  to  be  constructed  with  such 
freedom  as  will  completely  alter  the  aspect  of  the  tree- 
less and  roadless  acreage  of  arable  land  which  the 
company  have  secured  on  the  southern  and  eastern 
sides  of  the  existing  parochial  cemetery. 

Yeovil    Chrysanthemum    and    Fruit 

Show.  —  This  show  will  be  held  on  Tuesday, 
November  17,  when  a  Silver  Cup  of  ^5  value  will 
be  awarded  for  twenty-four  blooms,  twelve  Japanese 
and  twelve  incurved,  distinct  varieties.  Moderate 
money  prizes  and  the  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society's  Medals  will  be  awarded  in  other  classes. 

Bees    and    Bee-keeping.  — Mr.    Frank 

Cheshire  has  commenced  the  publication  destined 
to  be  A  Complete  Treatise  ojt  Ihe  Anatomy,  Fhysio- 
logy,  and  Profitable  Management  of  the  Hive  Bee  [L. 
Upcott  Gill,  170,  Strand).  In  addition  to  a  sum- 
mary of  general  knowledge  on  these  matters,  Mr. 
Cheshire  promises  us  much  that  will  be  in  all 
respects  new  ;  and  as  the  author  is  known  to  have 
been  long  engaged  in  research,  we  look  forward  with 
interest  to  future  issues.  The  first  part  opens  wiih 
some  very  clear  descriptive  details  relating  to  the 
natural  history  of  the  bee  and  the  economy  of  the 
hive-bee.  Mr.  Cheshire  rightly  remarks  that  it  is 
only  a  half  truih  to  say  practice  makes  perfect,  prac- 
tice without  intelligent  insight  is  mere  mechanical 
repetition,  or  stereotype,  but  "practice  hand  in  hand 
wiih  accurate  knowledge  and  observation  works  out 
perfection." 

Manchester  Horticultural  Improve- 
ment Society. — The  first  meeting  of  the  session 
will  be  held  in  the  Memorial  Hall,  Albert  Square, 
Manchester,  at  half  past  7  o'clock  on  Thursday  even- 
ing, October  29,  when  the  election  of  oflicers,  &c., 
will  lake  place,  after  which  a  resuin^  of  the  past 
session  will  be  given  by  Mr.  B.  Findlay  (President). 

The  Lamiieth  .\mateur  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society. — This  most  deserving  Society,  which 
has  now  for  several  years  taught  the  inhabitants  of 
this  murky  portion  of  the  metropolis  how  well  the 
best  of  autumn  flowers,  which  helps  to  brighten  up 
many  a  couit  garden  and  window-sill,  can  be  culti- 
vated even  under  such  conditions,  will  hold  its  show 
on  November  3  and  4. 

Presentation.— On  the  evening  of  Friday, 

the  i6-h  inst.,  Mr.  Geor'.e  Smith,  who  is  about  to 
leave  the  employment  of  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Co., 
seed  merchants,  Edinburgh,  was  met  by  a  number  of 
his  friends  connected  wiih  the  trade,  and  presented 
with  a  handsome  writing  desk,  bearing  a  suitable 
inscription,  as  a  tangible  proof  of  the  esteem  in  which 
they  hold  him.    A  most  enjoyable  evening  was  spent. 

The  Adirondack  Forests.— A  report  has 

been  presented  to  the  Slate  of  New  York,  dealing 
wiih  the  present  condition  of  the  forests  of  the 
Adirondack  plateau,  a  region  ill-adapted  for  agricul- 
tural operations.  The  forests  have  been,  as  else- 
where, recklessly  destroyed,  but  what  remain  are 
considered  as  essential  to  the  continued  prosperity  of 
the  S'ate,  and  their  destruction  must  be  followed  by 
wide-spread  commercial  disasters.  The  Commis- 
sioners have  obtained  proof  that  the  flow  of  the  rivers 
has  decreased  within  the  memory  of  living  men  from 
30  to  50  per  cent.,  while  the  damage  from  spring 
floods  and  summer  droughts  is  increasing.  The 
report  ends  wiih  a  series  of  practical  suggestions 
applicable  to  the  particular  case  drawn  up  by  the 
Commissioners,  among  whom  is  Professor  Sargent, 
of  Harvard  University. 

Gardening    Appointment.  —  George 

Harris,  late  Foreman  at  Arle  Court,  Cheltenham, 
has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  J.  T.  IHkjdale, 
Esq.,  Seiziiico'.e  House,  M'iulton-in-Marsh,  Glouces- 
tershire. 


FOJ^ESTf^Y. 

OCTOBER  ;  ri..\NTl.\G. 
{Continued /rout  p.  442.) 
Towards  the  end  of  the  month  commeF.ce  the 
general  thinning  of  plantations,  reserving,  of  course, 
such  timber  as  it  miy  be  intended  to  bark  in  spring. 
As  soon  as  the  thinning  is  completed  all  timber, 
firewood,  and  branches  should  be  at  once  cleared 
out,  the  former  bring  lotted  (or  sale,  and  the  latter 
converted  into  faggots  for  home  consumption.  In 
lotting  wood  always  place  the  various  kinds  and 
sizes  together,  and  as  near  clearance  roads  as  possible, 
few  things  enhancing  the  value  of  timber  more  than 
ease  of  transit  and  delivery.  The  branches  for  faggot- 
making  may  be  collected  in  heaps  alongside  the 
woodland  drives,  where  they  may  be  worked  up  as 
time  and  circumstances  permit.  I'irewood  had 
better  be  conveyed  outside  the  wood,  and  formed  into 
heaps  containing  a  load  each,  thus  not  only  prevent- 
ing trespass,  but  allowing  of  their  clearance  by  pur- 
chasers when  convenient.  General  forest  pruning  had 
best  be  carried  out  at  the  same  time  as  thinning, 
branches  cut  back  from  woodland  drives,  and  ditches 
cleared  of  all  debris. 

Ornamental  Conifers  should  also  receive  attention 
in  the  way  of  removing  rival  shoots  and  any  branches 
that  bear  too  great  a  proportion  to  the  stem,  taking 
care  to  cut  clean,  and  deface  the  marks  where  amputa- 
tion takes  place.  This  latter  may  not  be  at  all  neces- 
sary in  the  case  of  small  twigs  and  branches,  but 
where  the  cut  exceeds  a  couple  ol  inches  in  diameter 
it  is  better  not  only  for  the  tree's  sake  but  for  appear- 
ance also,  to  obliterate  the  marks  of  pruning. 

The  luxuriant  growth  of  trees  and  shrubs  during 
the  early  summer  months  received  a  slight  check 
later  on  by  the  unusually  dry  weather,  but  the  showery 
nature  of  the  past  month  has  caused  several,  notably 
the  Oak  and  Elm,  to  push  a  second  growth,  which  is 
both  striking  and  effective,  the  light  green  tints  of  the 
young  gro-^'ths  offering  a  rich  contrast  to  the  now 
dark  green  of  the  older  foliage.  (Will  such  trees  as 
are  making  a  second  growth  exhibit  two  distinct  rings 
or  layers  of  wood  for  this  season  ?) 

Woodland  vegetation  suffered  very  severely  during 
the  months  of  July  and  August,  many  of  the  more 
robust  growing  Ferns,  the  perennial  Mercury  and 
other  like  plants  being  quite  killed  down  by  the  pro- 
tracted drought.  Insect  pests  have  also  been  un- 
usually abundant  and  destructive.  The  Limes  have 
sulfered  very  severely  from  that  ever  increasing 
fungus— Capnodium  Foolii,  which  has  in  many  cases 
turned  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  completely 
back,  after  which  they  become  sickly  and  fall  off  pre- 
maturely. Hardly  any  shrub  seems  exempt  from  its 
attacks — Laurels,  Laurustinus,  Holly,  Aucuba,  Box, 
Privet,  Barberry,  and  the  Arbutus  faring  alike.  Con- 
tinue the  cutting  and  pruning  or  switching  of  hedges 
as  convenient,  but  it  is  well  to  forward  the  work  as 
much  as  possible  during  the  present  and  following 
month;.  The  preparation  of  ground  by  trenching  for 
the  reception  of  l^jicks  should  be  pushed  forward  so 
that  an  early  start  at  hedge  planting  may  be  got,  as  it 
is  well  known  that  autumn  formed  fences  succeed 
better  than  where  the  work  is  delayed  until  the  spring. 
In  preparing  the  ground  along  the  line  of  fence  the 
soil  should  be  slightly  raised  in  the  centre  so  that  the 
plants  will  stand  rather  above  than  below  the  general 
ground  level.  Too  little  attention  is  usually  given  to 
the  formation  of  hedges,  but  when  it  is  remembered 
how  well-bestowed  a  little  labour  and  care  is  on  this 
important  operation  one  can  only  wonder  at  the 
slovenly  manner  in  which  the  work  is  usually  per- 
formed. Fill  up  gaps  in  existing  fences  towards  the 
end  of  the  month,  using  extra  strong  and  well-rooted 
plants  for  the  work.  Prepare  the  ground  previously 
by  a  careful  picking  and  addition  of  good  loam  from 
an  adjoining  fi;ld.  Finish  ditch  scouring  during  the 
month,  and  spread  the  clearings  either  over  the  adjoin- 
ing ground  or  convey  it  to  the  compost  heap. 

Look  well  to  the  gratings  of  closed  drains,  so  that 
everything  may  be  in  good  working  order  before 
the  usual  rains  set  in.  This  is  a  very  important 
duty,  for  if  long  neglected  it  causes  much  labour 
and  expense.  Drainage  of  wet,  cold  wood- 
lands should  also  be  well  forwarded  before  incle- 
ment weather  comes  upon  us.  Repair  roads  and 
walks,  which  should  now  be  kept  in  a  dry,  passable 
condition,  and  free  from  all  ruts  and  surface  inequali- 
ties,    Freshen  the  sides  of  walks  by  a  slight  verging 


532 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1885. 


or  clippiDg,  and  the  centres  by  a  coating  of  gravel, 
at  the  same  time  taking  cate  that  no  oveihang- 
ing  vegetation  interferes  with  traftic,  which,  especially 
during  damp  weather,  is  most  objectionable.  Leaves 
will  nowbegivingalittleextrawoik  tothe roadmen,  but 
these  should  be  promptly  removed,  more  particularly 
within  the  policy  grounds,  and  conveyed  to  the  difol 
for  such.  Mow  and  keep  tidy  lawns  and  pleasure 
grounds,  fork  over  shrubbery  holders,  and  trim-in  all 
straggling  branches  from  evergreens.  Turf  laying 
and  groundwork  improvements  may  also  be  engaged 
in  during  dry  weather,  and  when  the  state  of  the  soil 
will  permit. 

An  occasional  look  to  woodland  fences,  tree 
guards,  and  labbit-proof  wire  nettings  will  often  pre- 
vent serious  damage.  Where  young  and  unlenced 
plantations  are  exposed  to  the  depredations  of 
hares  and  rabbits  it  may  be  found  necessary  to 
wash  the  stems  of  the  more  valuable,  during  dry 
weather,  with  any  of  the  prepared  solutions  sold 
for  this  purpose.  A  good  mixture,  that  generally 
proves  efficacious  is  Stockholm  tar,  nightsoil  and  lime, 
but  this,  like  other  specifics,  requires  constant  renewal, 
thereby  occasioning  no  small  expense  in  labour  as 
well  as  the  cost  of  the  tar.  Wire  netting  is  in  the 
long  run  perhaps  the  most  effective  as  well  as  cheapest 
preventive  against  the  depredations  of  game  with 
which  I  am  acquainted.  'A.  D.  IVebster,  Penryhn 
Caslk,  North  U'aUn 


or  else  wasted  ;  next,  there  are  few  of  them  of  good 
quality,  most  are  mealy  and  insipid  ;  and  lastly,  they 
are   not   wanted,   for  in  July  and   August   there  is 


PEARS. 

{,i:oi,li7:iu-d  from    f.    490.) 

Varieties  :— In  continuation  of  my  notes  on 
Pears,  I  consider  this  part  of  my  subject, 
namely,  "  Varieties,  their  merits  and  pe- 
culiarities," as  the  most  difficult  one  to  deal 
with,  for  the  reason,  that  necessarily  my  remarks 
can  only  have  a  limited  signification.  What  I  mean 
is,  that  the  same  variety  of  Pear  often  varies  so 
greatly — even  if  grown  at  but  a  short  distance — as 
to  be  scarcely  recognisable  as  the  same  kind.  I  pur- 
pose shirking  the  difficulty  by  asking  for  licence  to 
*'  speak  only  that  I  do  know,"  as  regards  the  merits, 
&c.,  of  the  various  kinds  grown  here  ;  and  probably 
beginners  in  Pear  culture,  with  a  similar  soil  (sandy 
loam  resting  on  gravel)  and  climate,  may  gain  some 
little  assistance  from  my  experience.  The  Pear  Con- 
ference that  is  now  being  held  fully  recognised,  and 
to  some  extent  met  the  difficulty  here  mentioned,  by 
issuing  to  every  exhibitor  forms  ruled  for  the  in- 
sertion of  various  particulars,  such  as  soils,  situations, 
and  the  names  of  kinds  best  suited  to  particular 
districts  ;  and  when  these  particulars  are  published^ 
as  presumably  they  will  be — there  will  be  little  excuse 
for  holding  aloof  from  Pear  culture,  on  the  ground  of 
not  knowing  what  sort  to  plant.  As  regards  myself 
I  have  long  since  arrived  at  the  opposite  condition  ; 
namely,  as  to  what  sorts  I  ought  not  to  plant.  As  to 
which  is  the  greatest  difficulty  of  the  two,  it  would  be 
hard  to  say,  and  if  the  Pear  Conference  should  insist 
on  reducing  the  twelve  hundred  varieties  that  are  said 
to  be  in  cultivation  to  fifty,  this  result  will  not  be  the 
least  of  the  benefits  it  is  likely  to  confer  on  gardeners. 
We  have  here  upwards  of  100  varieties,  and 
so  far  as  continuous  supplies  of  ripe  fruit  is  concerned, 
we  could  well  afford  to  dispense  with  sixty  of  them, 
and  in  making  out  the  following  list  I  have  had 
special  regard  to  this  idea,  many  good  October  and 
November  Pears  being  expunged,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  it  is  in  those  months  that  most  of  our 
best  Pears  ripen.  I  place  them  in  the  order  they 
usually  ripen  here  ; —  Beurre  Giftard,  Jargonelle, 
Souvenir  du  Congres,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien, 
Beurre  de  I'.^ssomption,  Beurie  d'Amanlis,  Flemish 
Beauty,  Madame  Treyve,  St.  Michel  Archange, 
British  Queen,  Beurre  Superfin,  Fondante  d'Automne, 
Fondante  Van  Mons,  Autumn  Bergamot,  Beurre 
Capiaumont,  Beurre  Hardy,  Brown  Beurre,  Comte 
de  Lamy,  Emile  d'Heyst,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme, 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Seckle,  Suffolk  Thorn. 
Urbaniste,  Beurie  Eosc,  Beurie  Diel,  Doyenne  du 
Comice,  Durandeau,  Gansel's  Bergamot,  Maiechal 
dela  Cour,  Marie  Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Delices 
d'Hardenpont,  Nouveau  Poiteau,  Thompson's, 
Huyshe's  Prince  Consort,  Passe  Colmar,  Winter 
Nelis,  Chaumontel,  Beurre  Bachelier,  Dr.  Trous- 
seau, Beurie  d'Aremberg,  Glou  Morceau,  Huyshe's 
\'ictoria.  Knight's  Monarch,  Beurie  de  Jongbe, 
General  Todtleben,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Berga- 
mote  d'Esperen,  Easter  Beurre,  and  Olivier  des 
Serres.  It  will  be  noted  how  few  very  early  Pears 
are  in  the  list,  and  my  reasons  for  all  but  excluding 
them  are,  first,  that  they  all  lack  keeping  pro- 
perties, they  must  be  used  the  moment  they  ate  ripe  ; 


generally  abundance  of  small  fruits  that  can  be  used 
for  dessert.  For  most  gardens  a  couple  of  early  kinds 
would  be  found  to  be  ample,  and  the  two  to  which  I 
give  preference  are  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  and 
Beurre  de   I'Assomption  ;   the  latter   variety,  I  am 


told,  does  not  fruit  satisfactorily  in  many  places,  but 
here  it  never  fails  to  produce  a  full  crop  of  mag- 
nificent fruit.  Our  trees  are  all  worked  on  the  Quince 
stock  and  trained  as  orchard  cordons.  In  regard  to 
the  "merits  and  peculiarities"  of  varieties  generally 
the  subject  would  be  interesting  enough,  but  my 
leisure  for  such  work  is  a  restricted  quantity,  and  will 
not  admit  of  my  treating  the  subject  at  full  length. 
Hence  I  shall  content  myself  by  allusion  to  the  best 
kinds  only,  and  by  best  I  wish  to  be  understood  as 
meaning  those  kinds  that  possess  the  greatest  number 
of  good  qualities,  not  necessarily  such  as  are  the 
largest  and  best  looking.  These  are  desirable 
points,  but  quality,  keeping  properties,  and  fertility 
are  infinitely  preferable. 

la  the  above  list  the  kinds  that  possess  all  the 
points  of  merit  here  mentioned  are  : — Beurre  d'Aman- 
lis, British  Queen,  Beurre  Superfin,  Beurre  Hardy, 
Comte  de  Lamy,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  Urbaniste, 
Beurre  Diel,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Durandeau,  Marie 
Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  E)elices  d'Hardenpont, 
Thompson's,  Winter  Nelis,  Chaumontel,  Glou  Mor- 
ceau, General  Todtleben,  Josephine  de  Malines,  and 
Easter  Beurre.  It  therefore  follows  that  these  are  the 
varieties  that  should  have  attention  in  preference  to 
all  others  ;  but  I  would  not  be  understood  as  mean- 
ing to  the  exclusion  of  all  others,  except  for  gardens 
of  limited  area  ;  and  in  the  largest  gardens  they 
should  be  grown  in  greater  numbers  than  varieties 
that  may  be  handsomer  but  are  less  meritorious  in 
other  respects. 

Effect  of  Stock. 
Then  with  regard  to  the  different  effects  pro- 
duced from  the  same  variety  of  Peat  growing 
on  the  Quince,  and  of  the  same  variety  on 
the  natural  stock,  one  would  naturally  suppose 
that  the  greater  vigour  of  a  tree  on  its  own  stock 
would  produce  the  largest  and  best  fruit,  but  it  is 
quite  the  exception  for  it  to  do  so,  and  the  only 
instance  within  my  recollection  are  the  varieties  Jose- 
phine de  Malines,  Marie  Louise,  Winter  Nelis,  and 
Comte  de  Lamy — all  small  Pears,  and  yet  extra  fine  in 
both  size  and  quality,  though  lacking  colour.  Such  an 
occurrence  would  warrant  the  belief  that  the  larger  varie- 
ties of  Pears  would  be  proportionately  increased  in  size, 
but  what  is  the  fact  ?  Duchesse  d'Angouleme  comes 
small  and  deformed  ;  Doyenne  du  Comice,  too,  is 
small,  and  never  colours  ;  General  Todtleben  gets  a 
fair  size,  but  is  covered  with  spot,  and  there  is  not  the 
faintest  bit  of  red  on  the  side  next  the  sun  ;  Easter 
Beuiic  does  a  little  better,  and  Beurr^  Diel  the  best 
of  all  the  large  kinds  ;  but  in  all  there  is  wanting  that 
matured  appearance  of  colour  which  is  never  wanting 
in  the  same  varieties  of  fruit  grown  on  the  Quince 
stock,  in  addition  to  the  larger  size  of  the  fruit, 
though,  in  some  measure,  is  no  doubt  due  to  the 
high  feeding  that  we  apply  to  trees  on  the  Quince, 
and  which  the  strong  growth  of  trees  on  the  natural 
stock  would  resent  by  growing  stronger  still,  so  as  to 
necessitate  further  root-pruning.  It  was  the  working 
out  the  idea,  or,  perhaps,  I  should  say,  the  deter- 
mination to  obtain  fine  fruit,  that  some  years  ago  now 
opened  my  eyes  to  the  superiority  of  the  t^tuince  over 
the  Pear  stock  in  attaining  that  result ;  and  dearly  had 
I  to  pay  for  my  lessons  by  the  peculiarities,  not  to  say 
freaks,  of  many  trees.  Well  do  I  remember  a  certain 
Beurre  Diel, fuUof  fruit,  full  of  wood— everything,  infact, 
to  encourage  me  to  feed  ad  libitum^  and  1  did  so,  but 
the  fruit  was  obstinate,  and  did  not  turn  out  a  bit  better 
than  others  that  had  no  special  attention.  But  I  was 
rewarded,  for,  contemporaneously,  the  same  full 
feeding  had  been  applied  to  a  set  of  cordon, 
that  had  then  been  planted  three  years,  and 
oh,  such  fruit  !^as  you  may  guess,  Mr. 
Editor,  for  with  them  I  took  my  first  prize 
for  Pears  at  South  Kensington,  and  this  too  in  spite 
of  "  Cabby  "  having  allowed  my  hamper  to  have  a 
"downer"  when  turning  the  corner  out  of  Sloane 
Street  into  the  Fulham  Road.  But  there  are  "merits 
and  peculiarities  "  connected  with  certain  varieties 
apart  from  those  caused  by  the  stock,  such,  for  instance, 
as  habit  of  growth,  liability  to  canker,  preference  for 
certain  positions  or  aspects,  and  fertility  or  free 
fruiting.  As  regards  habit,  I  strongly  favour  those 
kinds  that  grow  compactly,  that  need  no  artificial 
supports,  even  in  a  young  state  :  Marie  Louise, 
Huyshe's  Victoria,  Comte  de  Lamy,  Winter  Nelis, 
Delices  ^d'Hardenpont,  and  Glou  Morceau,  may  be 
cited  as  belonging  to  this  class,  and  it  is  this  class  of 
tree  that  should,  when  possible,  be  planted  in  narrow 
borders,  or  on  low  walls,  either  as  cordons  or  hori- 
zontally trained.     I   have   not  specially  noted   any 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


533 


varieties  that  are  more  liable  to  canker  than  others, 
consequently  cannot  name  them,  but  I  have  proved 
that  the  evil,  if  not  to  be  quite  cured,  can  be  suffi- 
ciently checked,  that  there  need  be  no  apprehension 
of  evil.  Our  mode  of  procedure  is  to  cut  away  the 
split  bark  of  the  cankered  spot  as  soon  as  per- 
ceived, and  at  planting  time  to  lift  the  tree,  cut 
the  strongest  roots,  and  in  a  barrow-load  or  two 
of  fresh  loam  replant  the  tree.  The  varieties  that  are 
most  benefited  by  position  are  very  late  kinds ;  the 
best  of  them  we  honour  with  wall  training  and  pro- 
tection, and  the  next  best  are  relegated  to  the  best 
places,  or  borders,  open  to  the  south  and  west.  As 
to  fertility,  I  have  a  notion  that  when  we  have 
attained  to  the  full  knowledge  and  stature  of  Pear 
culture,  all  kinds  will  be  alike  fruitful.  The  Quince 
stock,   double   grafting,    &c.,   is  all  tending  in  that 


branches  reach.  The  trees  are  about  25  to  30  feet 
high,  and  have  been  planted  some  fifteen  years,  and 
we  are  afraid  injury  may  be  done  by  this  parasite 
amongst  the  roots,  although  they  now  appear  numerous 
and  healthy.  I.  What  is  the  cause?  2.  Can  any- 
thing be  done  to  destroy,  without  injury  to  the  tree  ? 
3.  Would  a  heavy  top-dressing  of  fresh  lime  destroy 
without  injury  to  tree  ?  4.  The  name  thereof  and  if 
edible?  W.  Crump,  Madresfield  Court,  Malvern. 
[The  name  of  the  fungus  sent  from  Madresfield  Court 
is  Agaricus  elatus  of  Fries.  It  is  common  in  Fir 
plantations,  where  (like  its  allies,  as  A.  fastibilis, 
Fr.)  it  grows  in  "fairy-rings."  We  were  the  first  to 
publish  this  species  as  British,  for  though  extremely 
common,  it  had  been  overlooked.  It  is  not  a  parasite, 
as  suggested  by  Mr.  Crump,  it  and  all  its  allies  being 
thorougyy  terrestrial.     Neither  is  it  edible,  it  belongs 


Fig.    124. — BEURRE   SUPERFIN,    TWELVE   YEARS   OLD,    ON   QUINCE,    FORMING   A   NATURAL   PYRAMID 
WITH  SCARCELY  ANY   PRUNING. 


direction  ;  but  meanwhile  we  must  favour  those  kinds 
that  we  know  to  be  good  bearers,  and  the  following 
are  a  few  of  them  ; — Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  Beurrd  Superfin,  Beurre  Hardy,  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  Doyenn^  du  Comice,  Marie  Louise, 
D^lices  d'Hardenpont,  Winter  Nelis,  Glou  Morjeau, 
Josephine  de  Malines,  and  Bergamote  d'Esperen, 
W.  WilJsmilh,  Heckfidd,  Hants. 


j40ME     fJoRREpPONDENCf:. 


Fungus  in  Turf.— We  should  be  glad  of  any 
information — through  the  columns  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle— yo\x  may  be  able  to  offer  respecting  the 
accompanying  fungus.  It  infests  the  turf  around  the 
bole  of  each  tree  of  Abies  cobilis  in  a  very  fine  avenue 
growing  there  and  forming  perfect  "  fairy-rings  "  of 
about  2  feet  width  and  distant  some  10  feet  from  the 
bole,  just  about  to  where  the  extremity  of  the  lower 


to  a  dangerous  group  of  Agarics,  We  think  Mr. 
Crump  is  entirely  wrong  in  supposing  this  fungus  to 
be  capable  of  causing  injury  to  coniferous  trees.  It 
is  far  more  probable  that  some  other  fungus  is  work- 
ing the  injury  (if  there  is  any  injury).  One  of  th» 
numerous  lot  may  be  present  which  are  known  to  bs 
abletoattack  and  destroy  the  Coniferse ;  he  will  possibly 
find  these  (if  present)  on  or  close  to  the  boles,  or  on 
the  roots.  We  do  not  know  what  the  effect  of  a  top- 
dressing  of  lime  would  be,  but  as  this  fungus  is  not  a 
parasite  and  does  not  cause  disease,  and  the  Conifers 
do  not  appear  to  be  at  present  diseased,  it  is  prob- 
able that  no  good  would  come  from  liming- 
W.  G.  S.\ 

Greenhouse  Rhododendrons  at  South  Ken- 
sington.—Could  any  better  illustration  be  afforded  of 
the  rapid  improvement  effected  in  a  group  of  plants 
than  that  seen  in  the  collection  of  Rhododendrons,  of 
which  R,  javanicum  is  the  type,  shown  by  Messrs. 
Veitch  &  Sons  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday  ? 
It  was  admitted  on  all  hands  they  bad  attained  to  a 


wonderful  degree  of  perfection.  The  deepest  coloured 
variety  was  one  named  cardinale  ;  a  tiny  plant,  only 
4  inches  in  height,  had  produced  a  large  truss  of 
deep  red  flowers.  [Was  it  not  a  flowering  '*  top  " 
struck?  Ed.]  Duke  of  Connaught  is  of  a  deeper 
hue  of  red,  but  lacks  the  lustre  seen  in  cardinale  ;  it 
is  a  very  desirable  variety.  What  a  great  beauty  is 
Apollo,  which  gained  a  First-class  Certificate  of 
Merit  ;  it  is  a  pale  bright  orange  colour,  with  a  dash 
of  buff  in  it,  and  thirteen  flowers  formed  a  truss — and 
such  flowers  ! — large,  with  finely  rounded  segments. 
Crown  Princess  of  Germany  is  buff  and  bright  cerise, 
the  latter  in  the  form  of  a  marginal  colour,  very  dis- 
tinct and  pretty.  Queen  Victoria  is  in  the  same 
way,  but  paler,  and  very  pretty  also.  Memnon,  like 
Apollo,  has  large  flowers  and  finely  formed  segments,, 
bright  yellow,  faintly  tinted  with  the  most  delicate 
red  ;  very  fine.  Princess  Frederica  is  a  pale  canary- 
buff',  the  segments  very  narrowly  edged  with  pink  j 
very  pretty.  Duchess  of  Connaught  is  of  a  clear 
pink  colour,  a  little  deeper  on  the  edges,  quite  dis- 
tinct, and  very  pretty.  Princess  Alexandra  is  also  of 
a  very  delicate  blush.  Maiden's  Blush  is  a  charming 
variety  ;  it  is  of  a  delicate  blush  tint  with  the  slightest 
edging  of  pink  to  the  segments.  It  is  no  wonder  the 
foregoing  gathered  such  a  crowd  of  admirers  about 
them.  R.  D. 

Symphytum  asperrimum. — I  have  been  much 
interested  in  reading  the  letter  of  Mr.  Mitchell-Henry 
reproduced  in  your  columns  from  the  Times  of 
October  5,  on  the  growth  of  Caucasian  Prickly 
Comfrey  (Symphytum  asperrimum).  I  have 
been  a  grower  of  it  for  many  years,  and  can  endorse 
all  he  says  as  to  its  value.  Since  the  introduction  of 
the  real  Caucasian  Comfrey,  imported  by  my  friend 
Thomas  Christy,  of  London,  and  called  by  hira 
Russian  Comfrey,  I  have  mainly  grown  this  variety, 
and  find  it  superior  in  value.  The  last  two  seasons, 
during  the  summer  drought,  it  has  been  invaluable, 
my  cows  keeping  in  full  milk,  while  others  in  the 
pastures  failed  to  give  milk.  With  regard  to  ensilage, 
George  Fry's,  of  Chobham,  system  of  sweet  ensilage 
must,  I  think,  be  adopted.  I  have  a  small  silo  now 
filled  with  it  on  that  principle  not  yet  opened,  but  it 
appears  to  be  sweet  and  promising.  All  kinds  of 
fowls,  partridges,  and  other  game  are  very  fond  of 
roaming  over  my  plantations.  They  sometimes 
honeycomb  the  large  lower  leaves,  but  I  do  not  think 
they  damage  the  crop  ;  indeed,  I  have  a  notion  they 
have  golden  feet,  as  sheep  are  said  to  have.  With 
regard  to  the  last  paragraph  on  the  healing  properties 
of  this  plant  I  consider  the  real  Caucasian  superior 
to  the  common  English  Comfrey,  and  I  have  been 
recently  informed  that  a  poultice  made  of  the  root  is 
a  perfect  cure  [Palliative.  Ed.]  for  erysipelas.  If  this 
is  found  to  be  a  fact  it  adds  greatly  to  its  value. 
Henry  Doiihleday,  CoggUshall, 

Self-Sowrn  Dahlias. — Last  autumn  being  very 
warm  and  dry  our  single  Dahlias  in  the  herbaceous 
borders  ripened  and  shed  a  quantity  of  seed,  and  this 
spring  a  number  of  young  plants  appeared  as  soon 
as  the  mild  weather  came ;  some  of  these  were 
allowed  to  remain,  and  have  since  flowered  well,  I 
measured  one  plant  a  few  days  ago,  and  found  it  was 
2  feet  high  and  3  feet  in  diameter  ;  this  bore  upwards 
of  a  hundred  flowers  and  buds  at  the  time.  All  of 
the  plants  were  of  a  more  compact  and  dwarf  habit 
than  those  raised  in  the  usual  way.  Considering  this 
is  a  very  cold  situation  here  it  seems  most  probable 
they  might  be  raised  from  seed  sown  outside,  in  more 
favourable  localities,  with  advantage.  W.  H.  Divers, 
Ketlon  Hall. 

International  Horticultural  Exhibition  for 
1887.  —  It  is  gratifying  to  find  that  after  a  period  of 
nineteen  years  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  has  at  last  taken  the  initiative  in  laying 
before  the  horticultural  public  a  scheme  for  holding 
a  large  International  Show  in  1S77.  It  was  the 
Commissioners  of  the  Exhibition  of  1851  who  laid  the 
scheme  before  them,  according  to  one  of  the  speakers 
at  the  meeting  held  at  South  Kensington  last  Tues 
day,  and  they  transmitted  their  views  to  their  three 
committees.  Now,  considering  the  success  of  the 
last  International  Horticultural  Exhibition  held  in 
1866,  and  the  good  it  did,  for  horticulture  generally, 
it  is  the  almost  universal  opinion  of  those  interested 
in  horticulture  that  another  should  be  held.  This 
being  so,  the  questions  arise — when  and  where,  and 
who  is  to  find  the  money  to  carry  out  the  scheme 
Now,  considering  the  present  state  of  the  Horticul- 
tural   Society,    and  the  way  its  affairs  have  b«en 


534 


THE     GARDENERS'    CH ROM  CLE. 


[October  24,  18 


managed  since  its  commencement,  I  think  it  most 
undesirable,  if  this  proposed  exhibition  is  to  be  a 
success,  that  the  lloiticullural  Society  should  take 
the  mailer  into  iis  hands.  There  is  another  way  of 
bringing  about  ihedesired  result,  and,  judging  from  past 
experience,  one  that  will  meet  with  general  approval  — 
i.e  ,  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  surviving  members  of  ihe 
Commiileeof  the  International  Horticultural  Exhibi- 
tion of  1S66,  togetherwiih  their  Secretary,  Mr. Thomas 
Moore,  and  hear  what  suggestions  they  may  have  to 
make  ;  then,  if  the  Commissioners  like  to  come  to 
terms  as  to  finding  the  necessary  space  and  funds,  all 
well  and  good  ;  if  not,  let  us  have  on  exhibition  as 
before,  standing  on  its  own  merits,  which  has  been 
second  to  none  either  before  or  since.  Surely  in  this 
great  horticultural  country  there  is  abundance  of  mate- 
rial and  money  to  make  a  great  and  successful  show 
without  the  want  of  assistance  from  any  Society  or 
Commissioners.  Exhibilor.  ["  Exhibitor  "  has  not 
favoured  us  with  his  name,  but  we  insert  his  letter 
as  it  is  very  desirable  that  full  discussion  should 
take  place,  so  that  the  Council  of  the  Society  and, 
we  think  we  may  say,  the  Commissioners,  should  be 
able  to  glean  a  fair  idea  of  tlie  feeling  of  the  horticul- 
tural world  before  the  general  meeting  is  called.   Ed.] 

Eucharis  Mite. — In  reading  Mr.  Douglas'  notes 
on  Mole  Park,  p.  45S,  October  10,  and  of  the  fine 
plants  of  Eucharis,  noting  Mr.  Douglas'  conversation 
with  Mr.  Davies  on  the  recent  losses  in  some  gardens, 
he  says  we  seemed  to  agree  on  the  point  that  these  losses 
were  probably  due  to  the  management  of  the  plants, 
and  adding  the  opinion,  "as  if  he  concurred,"  of 
another  si;ccessful  grower,  th:it  the  disease  was  only  a 
creation  of  the  brain  of  some  cultivators.  I  would 
remind  Mr.  Douglas-  this  is  rather  an  uncharitable 
opinion  to  assert,  and  sounds  uncomplimentary 
to  those  whose  plants  are  unfortunately  attacked  by 
the  mite,  and  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  there  are 
many  such,  and  in  some  of  our  largest  and  noblest 
gardens,  under  the  care  of  well-known  and  formerly 
successful  growers,  whose  brains  are  as  free — not  their 
plants — from  the  creation  of  disease  as  Mr.  Douglas', 
or  the  successful  grower  whose  opinion  he  quotes — 
men  who  still  grow  well  olher  more  dilTicult  plants, 
but  fail  to  keep  their  Eucharis  good  under  the  ravages 
of  the  mite.  At  the  present  moment  I  have  here  just 
such  a  plant  as  Mr.  Douglas  names,  flowering  for 
Ihe  third  lime  this  year,  but  I  have  many  others  in 
bad  condition  through  being  attacked  by  the  mite 
eating  its  way  to  the  very  heart  of  the  finest  and  best 
bulbs,  and  the  strongest  and  most  robust  roots, 
causing  the  foliage  firstly  to  have  a  yellow  tinge  all 
round  the  edge,  which  gradually  extends  over  the 
whole  leaf,  as  the  roots  are  eaten  away  by  the  mite. 
It  is  Ihe  mite  that  causes  the  disease,  not  the  disease 
the  mile,  for  it  is  on  the  finest  and  best  bulbs  and 
roots  they  feast,  not  the  decayed  ones,  with  me.  I 
have  the  same  or  a  similar  mite  on  the  .Scilla  sibirica, 
which  has  destroyed  the  bulbs  by  thousands,  clearing 
off  in  some  cases  whole  borders,  in  others  long 
patches  :  a  finer  or  better  lot  of  this  Scilla  until  this 
last  season  was  not  readily  to  be  found,  and  was  the 
admiration  of  all  who  saw  them.  7'hds.  KcctUy^ 
Darky  Abbey.  [It  may  now  be  regarded  as  settled 
that  the  mite  is  the  culprit,  not  the  mere  scavenger. 
Ed.] 

Thuia  Lobbii  (gigantea  ?).— There  is  a  Thuia 
Lobbii  at  Penjerrick,  a  lovely  wild  garden  near 
Falmoulh,  quite  the  height  mentioned  in  con- 
nection with  the  specimen  of  Cryptomeria  Lobbii. 
The  climate  of  Portugal  would  be  unsuited 
for  the  Thuia.  The  best  specimen  in  England 
of  the  Cryptomeria  is  at  Dropmore,  where 
the  distinct  habit  of  the  tree  can  be  well 
studied.  The  Cacti  at  Montserrat  are  not  so  fine, 
perhaps,  as  in  some  other  gardens  in  Portugal,  par- 
ticularly those  on  the  seaward  slope  of  the  mountains 
near  Amarante.  Mr.  Crawford  tells  of  a  C.  peru- 
vianus  there  that  reaches  above  the  eaves  of  a  rather 
lofty  two  storeyed  h  luse,  and  girthi  near  the  ground 
19  inches.   C.  A.  M.  C.    ' 

Tritomas. — Amongst  these  will  certainly  be  found 
several  of  the  most  conspicuous  ornaments  of  our 
autumn  garden.  T.  Saundersii,  with  its  dwarf  habit, 
early  blooming,  and  distinct  flower-tubes,  deep  red, 
tipped  with  yellow,  is  well  woithy  of  allenlion. 
Another  dwarf  form  is  T.  Macowani,  ihe  flower- 
scapes  of  which  grow  little  more  than  2  feet  in  height- 
and  the  flower-tubes  are  different  in  colour  to  any 
other,  beinff  of  a  pale  saffron  tint  and  very  lasting. 
The  giant  T.  nobilis  is  also  well  deserving  of  cultiva- 


tion, the  noble  flower-stems,  fully  7  feet  in  height, 
standing  well  out  from  the  shrubs  with  which  they  are 
associated.  It  is  a  very  vigorous  form,  having  been 
known  to  grow  as  much  as  4  inches  in  twenty  four 
hours.  All  the  Tiitomas  do  best  in  warm  sunny 
borders,  but  where  they  are  amply  supplied  with 
moisture  during  the  growing  season.  A,  D.  II'. 


NOTES     FROM     THE     PEAR- 
GROWING    DISTRICTS. 

(C<-::.'m:iii//rm,  J>.  503. ) 

Ireland  (Soijth.)  —  This  has  been  a  bad  year 
for  wall  Pears  here  in  the  south  of  Ireland.  I  send 
you  names  of  sorts  mostly  in  the  gardens.  Some 
may  have  done  belter  than  others,  they  vary  so  very 
much  in  the  different  aspects  and  soils  : — 

DucliessecfAngouk"ine(Wil-        Louise  Bonns   of  Jcr^oj,  in 
every  gardei 


■r;-  d'Anunlls 


g.-,rde„s 
Bc-;irri  Capinuraont 
„      Hardy 

ir.  B.  Harthnd. 


Doyenne  du  Com 
Van  Mons 


O.dinaiy  Sugar  Pe; 


London  (South-West  District.)  —  The  fol- 
lowing list,  furnished  by  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons, 
of  Pears  includes  those  which  do  best  on  the  Pear 
stock  as  pyramids  or  standards  ;— 


Beurr^  liosc 

Monarch  (Kniyhts) 

Citron  des  Carmes 

Passe  Colmar 

Comte  de  Lamy 

Scckle 

Doyenne  d'Etfi 

Souvenir  du  Congrcs 

Gansel's  Bers:amot 

Thompson's 

Gratioli  of  Jersey 

Uvedale's  St.  Germain 

Hacon's  Incomparable 

Van  Mons'  L^on  le  CU 

Hiiyshe's  Prince  of  Wales 

Verulam 

Madame  Trey%'e 

Zcpheriue  Gr^goire 

Those  kinds  that  do   equally  well  on  Pear  or  Qa'nce 
stock  as  pyramids  are  :  — 

IJergamote  d  F.spcien  Duchcsse  d'AngoulOnic 

Ueiirre  d'AmanU^  Durandeau 

Fondante  d  Automii2 


Genera!  Todilcben 
Glou  Morgeau 
Jargonelle 
Louise  Bonne  de  Je 


d  Anjou 

d  Aremberg 

de  lAssomplio 

Bactlelicr 

Diet 

Giffard 

Hardy 

Super  fin 

(Jati 

llac 

Clapp's  Favourite 

Con. 

seiller  de  li  Coui 

Uoy 

enne  d'Alen^on 

du  Comic 


Vicar  of  Winkficld 
Williams'  Bon  Chri5 
Winttu-  Nelis 


The  varieties  here  named  are  most  successful  when 
grown  'against  a  wall  :  — lieurre  Ranee,  Brown 
Beurre,  Easter  Beurre,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Marie 
Benoist,  Passe  Crasinne  ;  and  on  the  <^>uince  stock, 
Beurre  Sterckmans. 

NoRTllAMProN-SHiiiE. — Our  garden  here  may  be 
described  as  a  sandy  loam,  from  3  to  3^*  feet  deep, 
resting  on  shal?,  so-called  in  this  locality,  which  is 
simply  a  limestone.  The  garden  is  enclosed  by  a 
ditch  from  10  to  12  feet  deep,  so  that  in  that  impor- 
tant matter  of  draining  it  is  all  to  be  wished  for.  The 
year  1SS5  will  be  remembered  here'  as  the  year  for 
Pears,  but  the  heavy  crop  and  the  dry  season  com- 
bined have  left  their  mark  in  the  matter  of  size,  but 
for  qualily  it  has  doubtless  improved.  We  grow 
numbers  of  varieties  here.  The  following  for  wall?, 
bo.h  south  and  west  aspect,  we  find  suit  this  locality 
best:  — 


Thompson's 

Beurre  Clairgciu 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey 

„     d'Amanlis 

Souvenir  du  Conyres 

„     dAreiiberg 

P.isse  Colmar 

,,     Easter 

Marie  Louise 

„     Hardy 

Glou  Mor5eau 

„     Stercltmans 

„    Diet 

Brookivonh  .-arlc] 

,,    dEsperen 

ish  Que. 

Bon  ChrOticn  (Williams')  Pitmaston  Duchess 

E=.im;  de  Jonghe  Napoleon 

,,     Kance  Gansel's  Bergamot 

Our  best  dessert  Pears  are  grown  here  on  south  walls, 
on  the  Quince  stock,  as  single  cordons;  they  bear  pro- 
fusely, and  give  good  results  almost  yearly.  Wesiinply 
tie  to  each  stem  a  quantity  of  the  common  Bracken 
lightly,and  the  protection  iscomplete  froni  springfrosts. 
On  another  south  wall,  where  the  same  varieties  are 
grown  on  the  Pear  stock,  the  present  trees  have  been 
planted  six  years,  and  have  this  year  also  done  well. 
These  trees  I  got  from  the  nursery  as  feathered 
pyramids.  Planted  at  54  feet  apart  we  train  the 
young  shoots  downwards,  and  they  do  well  with  us  ; 
the  turning  of  the  Pear  shoots  downwards  checks  the 
sap  at  the  base,  and  they  make  fiuibspurs  instead  of 


gross  shoots  j  to  fill  walls  quickly  doubtless  this  is  the 
system.  For  cur  earliest  Peais  we  like  Williams' 
Bon  Chretien,  Beune  d'Amanlis  ;  second,  Thomp- 
son's, and  Fondante  d'Automne — two  of  the  highest 
and  best  flavoured  Pears  of  my  knowledge;  thiid, 
Matie  Louise  and  Napoleon  ;  and  for  late  use  B  rga- 
mote  d'Esperen  and  Glou  Moiceau.  The  eight  varie- 
ties are  the  cream  of  our  colleciion.  I  may  here  at'd 
that  grand  late  Pear  Beurte  Ranee  in  the  sunny 
south  does  not  become  melting  only  in  very  fine 
seasons.  R.  Gilberl,  Biirghliy. 

Sussex, — The  undermentioned  list  of  varieliesof  the 
Pear  cultivated  in  Sussex  and  other  south-coast  dis- 
tricts enjoying  a  similar  climate  and  soil,  has  been 
supplied  us  by  Messrs.  Cheat  &  Sons,  nurseiy- 
men  of  Crawley  in  that  county.  The  suit- 
ability of  the  climate  for  the  successful  growth  of  the 
Pear  is  made  evident  by  the  extended  list,  which 
appears  to  cmtain  almost  every  vaiiety  of  acknow- 
ledged worth,  as  well  as  some  kinds  that  are  culti- 
vated in  great  quantities  for  the  market  and  which 
have  no  other  qualifications  beyond  those  of  un- 
doubted abundant  cropping.  The  first  list  is  of  those 
suitable  for  this  district  on  the  Pear  stock  : — 

Bcrgamot,  Autumn  Fertility 

Beurr^^  Bosc  Hessle 

,,    Clairgeau  Jersey  Gratioli 

,,     de  Capiaumont  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey 

,,    Diet  Marie  Louise 

,.     Hardy  Souvenir  du  Congris 

,,     Superfin  Svv.in's  Keg 

Bon  Clirt'tien  (Williams')  Windsor 
Cointc  de  Lamy 

PvRAMiD  Pears. 

Berg.imote      dEspsren— on  Conseiller    d-    la      Cour  — 

Quince  Quince  and  Pear 

Beurre'  d'Aniou  ditto  DoyenniSdu  Coinice— Quince 

„     Bacheher,  ditto  D  u  c  li  e  s  s  e    d'Angou- 
„     Cl.iirgeau— Pear     .and  tern;— Quince  .and  Pear. 

Quince  Fertility— Quince 

„     de  Capiaumont,  ditto  Fondante  d'Automne.  ditto 

,,     Hardy— Quince  GeneralTodtlcben,  ditto 

SupJrfin,  ditto  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  ditto 


Bon     Chr< 


(Willi: 


:  Louise  d'Uccle,  dit 
-Pear 


Re.1 

rr^  Bachelier 

,, 

Bosc 

,, 

d  Amanlis 

„ 

Diet 

Hardy 

Kance 

Superfin 

Urn, 

skworth  Park 

Cha 

nmontet 

Uoy 

enni  Bosso-jch 

Brooliworth  Park — Pear  Souvenir  de  Congrcs    dil 

Clapp's  FavourUc-Qiiiiice  Thompson's— Quince. 

Co.nte  de  Lamy,  ditto 

Esi'ALiKR  Pr\rs  on  Peah  Stock. 

Duchesse  d'Angoulcm 
Cilou  Mnr^eau 

Josephine  de  Malines 
Marie  Louise 
Olivier  des  Sevres 
Pitmaston  Duchess 
Souvenir  du  Congrcs 
Winter  Nelis 


The  following  Is  a  list  of  cordon  Pears  suitable  for 
this  district,  all  on  Qaince  stock,  some  of  them  being 
double  worked  :  — 

Bir^amotte  d'Esperen  DoyennL-  Bjiissoch 

.,      d'Anjou  Fertility 

,,     Hachelier  Fondante  d'Automne 

..     d'Amanlis  Josephine  de  Malines 

,.     Diet  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey 

,,     Hardy  ^L'lrie  Lonise  d'Uccle 

,,    Superfin  Pitmaston  Duchess 

lion  Chretien  {WilliamV)  Thompson's 

Clapp's  Favourite  General  Todtleben 

ConseilUr  ds  la  Cour  Duchesne  d'Angouleme 


NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

Floral  Committee. — The  first  meeting  of  this  b:dy 
took  place  at  ihe  Royal  Aquarium,  on  Wednesday,  the 
4:h  inst.,  Mr.  E.  Sanderson,  President,  in  the  chair  ; 
present  also  Messrs.  R  BalUntine,  Vice-President  ;  W. 
Holmes,  Hon.  Secretary  ;  H.  Cannell,  R.  Dean.  G. 
Gordon,  G.  Stevens,  N.  Davis,  C.  Gibson,  T.  Bevan,  [. 
Mardlin,  ].  \V.  Springbett.  J.  To.vnsend,  E.  Berry,  ^L 
Butcher.  E.  T.  Kemp,  and  W.  Swift. 

The  committee  having  discussed  and  adopted  certain 
rules  governing  its  mode  of  action,  proceeded  to  make 
the  loHowing  awards  : — To  Mr.  W.  E.  Boyce,  Ycr- 
berg  Rond.  Upper  Holloway,  for  pompon  Chrysanlhe- 
miiin  Pomponium,  a  charming  variety,  having  niidiuru 
sizewell  formed  flowers  of  a  yellow  ground  shaded  wiUi 
orango-brown  ;  and  to  Japanese  Clirysanlhenmm  Man- 
darin, having  cream  and  pink  thread-like  petals.  Urge 
and  full  flowers,  a  very  useful  variety  because  flo-A-ering 
in  September.  Ten  very  fine  blooms  of  this  were  also 
shown  by  Mr.  N.  D.ivis,  Lilford  Road  Nurseries.  Cam- 
berwell.  who  was  also  awarded  a  First-cUss  Cert  fixate 
of  Merit.  The  same  award  was  made  to  Mr.  Davis, 
J-ipinese  Chrysanthemum  Lachmt;,  a  fine  reflexed 
variety,  the  colour  cinnamon-crimson,  the  reverse  orangt'-, 
and  so  forming  au  orange  centre.  Hybrid  pompon  Mrs, 
Cullin^ford,  a  very  pretty  and  free  flowering  wlnte 
variery  was  Highly  Commended.  Mr,  Davis  also  hid 
Simon  Delaux,  cerise-crimson,  with  buff  reverse  to  the 
petals.  Fleur  d'Et^,  bright  pinkish-lilac,  a  small  buj 
very  pretty  reflexed   Japanese  variety  ;    Rose  Celeste 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


535 


Dale  pink  ;  Eiu  Fleur,  an  early  flowering  variety,  colour 
magenta,  with  white  centre;  Isidore  Feral,  gold  and 
purplish-ni.ngenta,  reflexed,  very  pretty  ;  and  M;irgot,  a 
lovely  pink  flower,  certificated  last  year.  A  First-class 
Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Forbes,  The 
Gardens,  Djver  House,  Roehanipton,  for  Japanese 
Brise  du  Matin,  deep  bright  pink,  with  broad  reflexed 
petals,  extra  fine.  Lisle  des  Plaisirs,  orange  and  reddish- 
cinnamon  ;  the  reverse  golden-buff,  was  Commended  as  a 
good  October  variety.  Tliis  wasalso  finely  shown  by  Messrs. 
J.  Laing  &  Co..  Stanstead  Park.  Forest  Hill.  Mr. 
Foibes  also  had  Mens.  Moussillac,  maroon-crimson, 
the  reverse  of  petals  buft';  a  full  and  fine  flower,  and  a 
good  euly  variety. 

F)r>t-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
Mr.  H.  Cannell,  nurseryman,  Swanley,  for  pompon  Chry- 
sanlhemum  Fiberta,  a  very  pretty  yellow  variety,  early, 
and  very  free  ;  for  double  Begonia  Lt'on  de  St.  ]ean, 
with  very  large  and  full  ricli  bright  rosy-crimson  flowers  ; 
and  to  the  tollowing  new  double  Ivy-leaved  Pelargo- 
niums : — Hoffgartner  Eichler.  bright  scarlet,  very  double, 
flowers  of  fine  form  ;  Madame  Thibaut,  rich  deep  pink, 
very  double,  and  extra  fine  ;  and  Furstin  Josephine  von 
Hohenzollern,  rich  carmine,  large,  and  double.  Primula 
sinensis  fimbriata  King  ot  Purples,  a  Fern-leaved  variety, 
was  Commended  for  its  deep  hue  of  purple. 

A  First-cliss  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
Wright,  Temple  Gardens,  for  Belle  Navarraise.  a  large, 
full,  and  handsome!)  |ambrialed  hybrid  pompon,  extra  fine. 

Mr.  R.  Ballantine  had  .Mons.  Delaux,  a  fine  Japanese 
variety,  crimson,  flushed  with  orange  and  purple.  Urge 
and  full  :  Commended.  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  had  Roi  de 
Pr(^coces,  a  dcrep  chestnut-crimson  flowered  variety,  and 
•a  very  useful  decorative  Chrysanthemum  ;  also  Bouquet 
Estival,  lilac-purple,  a  useful  early-flowering  variety. 
Mr.  H.  Cannell  had  a  basket  ol  Begonia  Earl  of  Bess- 
borough,  a  fine  apricot-coloured  single  variety  ;  blooms 
of  Btgonias,  and  cut  blooms  of  Pelargoniums.  Mr. 
Owen,  florist.  Maidenhead,  had  a  collection  of  cut 
blooms  of  Chrysanthemums  ;  and  Mr.  Boyes  the  same. 
Altogether  it  was  a  very  successful  first  meeting. 


THE 


PEAR      CONGRESS, 
CHISWICK. 

The  Apple  Congress,  which  was  held  al  Chiswick 
in  18S3,  was  an  undoubted  success  when  viewed  in 
some  of  its  aspects.  Its  etVtJcts  as  regards  the  limita- 
tion of  sorts  to  soils  and  localities  will  be  felt  in  years 
to  come  when  the  lessons  it  taught  are  assimilated 
by  the  horticultural  mind  in  general,  so  that  we  can 
but  rejoice  at  the  immense  numbers  of  Pears  shown  on 
this  occasion.  That  it  will  lead  to  the  same  degree  of 
elimination  of  kinds,  as  happened  in  the  case  of  Apples, 
we  feel  assured,  if  we  may  judgo  from  the  conspicuous 
merits  of  some  Pears  in  all  varieties  of  soil,  locality, 
and  freedom  of  bearing.  Much  useful  information  is 
conveyed  by  the  tickets  placed  on  each  dish  of  fruit 
when  it  is  stated  what  kind  of  stock  was  employed, 
how  grown  — as  pyramid,  cordon,  espalier,  bush  or 
wall  trained — if  free  bearing  or  otherwise,  and  the 
habit  of  growth.  All  exhibitors  did  not  avail  them- 
selves of  the  cards  issued  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  so  thU  the  information  is  not  equally  attain- 
able as  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  but  still  enough 
will  be  found  that  will  render  the  future  report  ol  the 
Society  of  great  value  to  planters,  whether  in 
private  or  market  gardens.  Taking  the  fruit  gene- 
rally as  to  appearance  the  finest  coloured  and  the 
largest  came  from  Jersey  and  France,  followed  next 
by  those  from  Mr.  Haycock,  gr.,  Barbara  Court, 
Maidstone ;  Mr.  Breeze,  Petworth  ;  Messrs.  Veitch 
&  Sons,  Chelsea  ;  Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Wallham 
Cross  ;  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt ;  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard 
&  Co.,  Maidstone;  T.  Bunyard,  Ashford  ;  and  many 
private  and  other  growers.  Some  excellent  samples 
of  fruit  came  from  Scotland,  but  our  northern  counties 
were  conspicuous  by  their  absence,  at  least  in  any 
quantity.  Ireland  sent  only  one  lot,  and  Wales  but 
five.  Taking  the  fruit  according  to  the  Society's 
method  of  grouping,  we  have 

Group  I. — Soijtiiern  Counties. 
Sussex. — In  this  county  Mr.  Sydney  Ford  heads  the 
list  with  seventy-two  kinds,  including  beautiful  specimens 
of  Eeurre  Dial,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  Calebasse  Grosse, 
Bjllissime  d'lliver,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Durandeau, 
Eisler  Beurrt',  Thompson's,  Beurre^  Superfin,  General 
Todlleben,  Glou  Morfeau,  &c.  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons, 
Crawley,  came  next,  with  sixty  kinds.  We  noticed  in 
this  good  collection  Due  de  Morny,  similar  in  form  and 
flavour  to  Marie  Louise,  but  late  ;  Beurrt-  d'Anjou,  a  fine 
Pear  ;  Doyenni^  Boussoch,  Chaumontel,  fine  samples, 
from  a  cordon  ;  Easter  Beurrt;,  Beurr^  Die],  Beurr<^ 
Hardy,  Beurrij  d'Aremberg,  Grosse  Calebasse,  fine  in 
colour  and  quality.  This  large  collection  was  gathered 
mainly  from  cordons,  free  standing,  or  on  walls,  and 
from  bushes  and  pyramids.  Fine  development  was  con- 
spicuous in  the  generality  of  the  sorts.  Mr.  Breeze,  Pet- 
worth,  with  fifty  \arieties,  and  Mr.  Rust,  Eridge  Castle, 
v\ith  ihiny-six,  sent  the  next  largest  lots.     Three  fine 


samples  of  culinary  Pears  were  seen  in  the  former,  viz., 
Bellissime  d'Hiver,  CatilUc,  Belle  d'Angevine  and  Veru- 
lam,  Marie  Benoist,  Durandeau,  President  Mass,  Beurre 
Diel,  the  hardy  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Easter  Beufre 
very  fine.  Passe  Crassane  and  Monarch.  The  fruit  here 
was  the  produce  of  upright  cordons  on  walls,  of  espaliers 
and  pyramids. 

The  lesser  collection  ol  Mr.  Rust  had  the  shy  cropping 
Gansel's  Bergamot,  Triomphe  dejodoigne,  Marie  Louise, 
Beurr^  Hardy,  Beurn:-  Clairgeau,  the  pretty  Forelle, 
Beurre  Bosc.  Beurre  Diel,  Doyenne  d'Alencon,  Dunmore. 
Thompson's,  and  Prince  Consort.  The  fruit  was  excel- 
lent in  most  points,  and  but  few  small  varieties  were 
shown. 

The  county  of  ^wrz-^j' contributed  heavily,  Mr.  Burnett, 
The  Deepdene,  Dorking,  sending  fifty-five  dishes,  of 
which  the  following  were  conspicuous: — Princess  ( Rivers), 
a  showy  fruit  jWmter  Crassane,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Van 
Mons,  Josepliine  de  Malines.  Piince  of  Wales  (Huyshe's), 
and  the  piquant,  seldom  seen  Eyewood.  The  fruit  in  all 
cases  were  clear  in  the  rind,  and  large  for -the  sort. 

Mr.  Forbes,  gr.,  Dover  House,  Roehanipton,  h.ad 
thirty-three  dishes,  all  evidently  the  pick  of  his  kinds. 
Particularly  good  were  Beurre  Ranee,  Beurri;  Bosc, 
Beurre  Bachelier,  Beurre'  Clairgeau,  Glou  .Mor9eau,  a 
variety  which  does  well  on  the  light  soils  round  London 
on  either  Pear  or  (juince  slock  ;  Marie  Louise,  Winter 
Nells,  one  of  the  best  of  late  sorts  ;  Pitmaston  Duchess, 
and  Duchesse  d'Augouleme. 

Some  fine  fruit  came  from  Mr.  Evans,  gr.,  Lythe  Hill, 
Haslemere,  all  of  which  was  clean  and  generally  well 
done,  although  some  kinds  were  undersized,  the  soil  or 
elevation  not  suiting  them.  General  Todlleben,  Beurri 
Hardy,  Marechal  de  la  Cour,  Van  Mons,  Madame 
Treyve,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  were  some  of  the  best. 

Mr.  W.  Roupell,  Roupell  Park,  had  twenty-one  dishes, 
and  considering  the  ungenial  nature  of  his  soil,  they  were 
very  fair  samples  ;  Marie  Louise,  from  tree  on  the  Pear 
stock,  and  General  Todlleben,  from  the  same  stock,  were 
very  nicely  grown'fruits. 

Mr.  Cunimings,  gr.  to  H.  .A  Smee,  Esq.,  The  Grange, 
Carshaltou,  had  the  largest  collcciion  of  any  one  show- 
ing from  Surrey,  staging  115  dibhcs.  His  finest  were 
Olivier  des  Serres,  a  capital  late  kind  ;  Duchessed'Orleans, 
good  quality,  but  rare— very  beautiful  examples  ;  Beurre 
Clairgeau,  one  dish  being  ripe  from  a  tree  in  a  sunny 
spot,  the  other  from  a  shaded  tree  a  fortnight  or  more 
later,  not  being  yet  ripe  ;  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Pius  IX., 
very  bright  Forelle,  Btzi  Mai.  This  collection  was 
grown  chiefly  on  bushes  and  pyramids,  and  the  examples 
seen  were  highly  coloured,  and  of  a  fair  size— useful 
dessert  fruit. 

Middlesex  made  a  brave  show,  the  large  nurseries 
contributing  largely,  and  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
topping  the  list  with  200  kinds  ;  next  Messrs.  J.  Veiich 
&  .Sons,  Chelsea,  with  120 kinds  ;  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son, 
Hammersmith,  eighty  varieties  ;  and  priv.ite  growers,  as 
Mr.  J.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury  Park,  fifty  ;  Mr.  ].  Hud- 
son, Gunnersbury  House,  thirty  ;  Mr.  J.  Woodbridge, 
Sion  House,  thirty-six;  Mr.  G.Thompson,  twenty-lour  ; 
Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  twenlv-tour  ;  and  several  others  with 
smaller  collections.  The  fruits  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sons  were  chiefly  produced  on  bushes  and  young 
pyramids  in  their  Fulham  nursery,  being  generally  well 
finished  and  clear  of  rind.  Bissiner,  Hacon's  Incom- 
ptrable,  Monarch,  Eyewood,  Marie  Guise,  Marie 
Louise,  Monsieur  le  Cur;'-,  Chancellor  (an  October  Pear, 
of  good  quality,  and  targe),  B.-urri-  Baltet  frcres,  Chau- 
montel.  Passe  Colmar,  Bjurrc  Bachelier,  .^nna  Nclis, 
were  some  of  the  finest  specimens. 

The  collection  from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
gardens  consisted  of  most  of  the  kinds  worth  growing, 
and  many  that  are  discarded  in  private  gardens,  but 
which  are  cultivated  there  for  comparison,  or  other  pur- 
poses. The  finer  samples  were  General  Todlleben, 
Huyshe's  Bergamot,  Lieutenant  Poitevin,  Beurr<5  de 
Jonghe,  Grosse  Calebasse,  Forme  de  Bergamot,  Duchesse 
d'.^ngouleme,  Gansel's  Bergamotte,  Musette  de  Nancy, 
Bezi  du  Louvaine,  Souvenir  du  Congres,  and  Beurr<5 
Diel  ;  Marechal  Dillen,  from  the  Quince,  agood  October 
Pear,  bearing  well  ;  B.-urru  Gris  d'Hiver,  late,  from 
Quince  ;  Suffolk  Thorn,  from  Pear  stock,  a  pyramid, 
cropping  well  ;  capital  Beurrt-  Bosc  grown  on  the  Pear, 
also  bearing  well.  Many  varieties  were  small,  but  were 
clear  in  the  skin. 

Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons'  consisted  of  well  grown  sorts, 
and  much  information  was  afforded  by  the  tickets.  Pit- 
maston Duchess  from  the  Pear  stock  was  first-class  ; 
Bassiner,  also  from  the  F^ear,  small  butavery  latekeeper  ; 
other  fine  Pears  from  Pear  stocks  were  Beurre  Ranee, 
Napoleon,  very  free  bearing ;  Grosse  Calebasse,  Beurre 
Bachelier  and  Beurre  Diel.  Gansel's  is  a  mo- 
derate bearer  on  that  stock  ;  Easter  Beurre,  Winter 
Nells.  The  collection  contained  under  its  200  kinds  the 
cream  of  the  Pears,  and  was  of  much  value  in  showing 
those  which  do  the  best  in  certain  soils  on  the  Pear,  the 
Wulk  being  mainly  the  produce  of  kinds  on  that  stock. 

Mr.  J.  Roberts'  filty  kinds  were  of  the  best  quality 
ahd  finish,  and  showed  high  cultivation,  as  did  also  those 
of  Mr.  Woodbridge— Brougham  and  Belle  Julie  and  the 


Winter  Windsor  being  most  noticeable  sorts  in  the  latter 
collection. 

Mr.  J.  Hudson's  fruits,  coming  as  they  do  from  the 
same  locality,  generally  resembled  the  two  last-named 
collections,  both  in  variety  and  appearance.  His  stew- 
ing Pears  Bellisime  d'Hiver  and  Catilac,  and  the  dessert 
kinds  Beurre  Ranee,  Glou  Moryeau,  and  General  Todlle- 
ben were  good  examples. 

h'eni  was  represented  by  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co. 
with  100  varieties  ;  Mr.  T.  Bunyard  with  seventy  ;  Mr. 
Thomas,  Sittingbourne,  seventy ;  Mr.  C.  Haycock, 
Barham  Court,  seventy-six. 

In  the  first-named  collection  were  Duchesse  de  Bor- 
deaux, very  prohfic,  on  Quince  stocks ;  Colmar 
d'Automne,  also  a  good  bearer  on  the  same  ;  Eyewood, 
the  same  ;  Chaumontel,  shy  on  the  Quince  as  on  the  Pear. 
Heavy  croppers  on  the  Quince  are  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle 
Glou  Morfeau,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  (jeneral  Todlleben, 
Fondante  Couronne,  Doyenne  du  Comice  ;  and  equally 
good  on  the  Pear  are  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Jargonelle, 
Durandeau— all  of  these  kinds  were  observed  in  per- 
fection, so  grown,  in  this  collection.  Much  more  in- 
formation of  a  simiUr  kind  was  likewise  given.  The 
prettily  marbled  Japan  Pear,  Daimo,  was  shown  by  them. 

Mr.  Haycock's  fruit  were  the  finest  English  produce 
shown,  and  gained  the  highest  encomiums  from  the  many 
judges  of  good  fruit  present.  Most  of  it  was  larger  than 
seen  in  other  lots,  and  was  without  blemish  of  any  kind. 
It  would  serve  little  purpose  to  enumerate  the  names, 
and  we  will,  therefore,  say  that  it  composed  the  best 
sorts  grown  in  the  southern  pans  of  the  country. 

ClOiCly  following  on  the  above-named  was  that  ol  Mr 
Thomas,  of  Sillingbourne,  consisting  of  popular,  good, 
and  presentable  kinds,  especially  fine  in  colour  being 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Cuisse  Madame,  and  Beurre 
Sterckmans. 

Mr.  T.  Bunyard  had  fifty-two  varieties  of  considerable 
excellence,  as  had  likewise  Mr.  R.  Smith,  Yalding, 
Maidstone  (eighteen  varieties).  Marie  Louise,  Chau- 
montel, and  winter  Nelis  were  of  especial  quality. 

Hamjiihi'e. — This  county  did  not  put  in  a  great  lot  of 
fruit,  considering  its  size  and  suitability,  and  the  warmth 
of  its  sheltered  valleys,  but  Mr.  Wildsmilh  worthily 
upheld  its  capabilities  with  his  collection  of  ninety  varie- 
ties. Heckfield  has  been  long  famous  for  its  fruits,  and 
where  they  are  grown  in  almost  all  methods,  but  bush, 
pyramids,  and  wall  cordons  seemed  to  be  most  produc- 
tive of  fine  samples.  Some  of  the  finest  were  Huyshe's 
Victoria,  from  Quince  stock— a  pyramid  ;  Marechal  de 
la  Cour,  the  same  stock— a  bush  ;  Urbaniste,  a  cordon 
on  the  Quince  ;  Louise  Bonne,  the  same  ;  Durandeau, 
a  bush  on  the  Quince  ;  Calebasse,  Duchesse  d'Angou- 
leiue,  Poir  d'Ananas,  Bergamot  Heimbjrg,  all  from 
either  bush  or  pyramid  on  Quince  stocks  ;  Direcleur 
Alphand,  Gros  Trouve,  Fondante  Van  Mons  were  Irom 
cordons  on  Quince  growing  on  a  wall  ;  Chaumontel, 
Marechal  Dillen,  Seckle,  and  Pitmaston  Duchess  were 
from  wall  trained  trees  on  Pear  stocks. 

Berks.— \U.  C.  Ross,  of  Wellord  Park  Garden.s, 
showed  twenty-seven  excellent  big  varieties,  as  well  as 
good  flavoured  small  kinds. 

Witts.— Ux.  Ward.  Longford  Castle  Gardens,  brought 
forty  dishes,  consisting  of  the  most  appreciated  dessert 
kinds,  amongst  them  being  excellent  Glou  Morfeau,  Van 
Mons,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Doyenni^  du  Comice,  and 
Monsieur  le  Cure.  Mr.  Miller.gr.,  Rood  Ashton,  had  sixty 
dishes— Gilogil,  Emile  d'Heyst,  and  Monarch  being  very 
fine  fruits. 

Group  III. 

Hertfordslitre, — The  next  largest  contiibutors  of  Ptars 
are  found  in  this  group,  in  which  iMessrs.  W.  Pau 
&  Sons,  Waltham  Cross,  figure  with  r5o  kinds  ;  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Sons,  Cheshunt,  with  eighty  ;  Messrs.  T.  F. 
Rivers  &  Sons  with  an  equal  number,  and  several  private 
gardens  send  considerable  numbers.  In  the  first  named 
lot  are  good  fruilsof  Triomphe  dejodoigne  from  both  Pear 
and  Quince  stocks,  Easter  Beurre,  fine,  from  Pear  stock, 
as  are  Beurri  Hardy,  ConseiUer  de  la  Cour,  and  Beurre 
Diel,  the  last  named  being  still  better  from  the  Quince. 
Gilogil  bears  best  on  the  Quince,  the  sample  shown 
being  very  fine.  On  Quince  General  Todlleben  is  a 
great  bearer,  and  almost  as  good  on  the  Pear.  If  all 
the  fruits  in  this  collection  were  not  first-class,  yet  the 
information  was  of  a  useful  kind,  and  well  worth  pre- 
serving as  being  the  result  of  many  years'  experience 
with  a  large  number  of  varieties.  In  the  Cheshunt  col- 
lection ol  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  were  many  good  examples. 
Some  of  the  Pears  from  this  district  showedsigns  of  fungus 
in  the  rind  that  gives  such  a  crippled  look  to  the  Iruit.  Mr. 
Mundell,  gr..  Moor  Park,  had  sixty,  several  fine  dishes 
being  noticed,  as  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Beurre  Bosc,  Beurre 
Easter,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  Sw.an's  Egg,  Marie  Louise 
d'Uccle,  Hacon's,  and  Uvedale'sSt.  Germains.  Messrs. 
F.  T.  Rivers  &  Sons,  Sawbridgeworth,  had,  as  usual,  an 
interesting  collection  ol  the  best  varieties,  andcl  rarer  ones 
were  Zoe,  Beurri  Dumont,  Beurre  Langelier,  Magnate, 
and  the  not  particularly  good  kind,  Jean  de  Witte. 

Bucks. — Mr.  Smith,  gr.,  Mentmore.  had  fifty  dishes, 
remarkable  as  being  mainly  from  bushes  on  the  Quince 
not  more  than  three  years  planted,  large  examples  being 


536 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  18 


observed  of  General  Todtleben.  Marie  Louise,  America, 
Colmar  d'Aremberg,  Ju'es  Airoles,  and  others.  Mr. 
Charles  Turner.  Slough,  contributed  a  hundred  dishes 
in  as  many  choice  varieties,  noticeable  among  which,  as 
sorts  rarely  seen,  were  Frogmore  Russet.  Groom's 
Princess  Royal,  Beurr(5  Goubault,  Beurr<5  Van  Geert, 
Beurr(^  Baltet  frjres,  and  a  small  late  kind,  Enfant 
Prodigu6. 

'  In  addition  to  the  conservatory,'two  large  tents  were  also 
occupied,  and  in  these  the  more  remote  country  contri- 
butions were  displayed.  Even  here,  however,  owing  to 
the  large  number  of  collections  sent  for  staging  by  the 
committee,  the  work  of  placing  was  far  from  being  com- 
plete at  the  time  of  our  visit,  hence  the  present  report  is 
necessarily  incomplete. 

Dorsetshire,  as  might  be  expected  from  a  county  so 
well  placed,  gave  capital  samples,  although  represented 
by  but  one  collection  only,  that  staged  by  Mr.  W.  J. 
Pragnall.  gr.  to  J.  D.  W,  Digby,  Esq., 'Sherborne  Castle, 
who  had  100  sorts,  and  all  thoroughly  representative  of 
various  forms  of  garden  culture.  Not  a  few  of  the 
samples  were  from  free-growing  standard  trees.  Pit- 
maston  Duchess  was  very  fine  from  that  source,  and 
from  a  wall  was  smaller,  but  cleaner  and  handsomer. 
Beurrf?  Clairgeau,  Louise  Bonne,  and  Forelle  gave  very 
rich  colour,  as  also  did  handsome  medium-sized  kind, 
Du  Congres  Pomologique,  from  a  tree  pyramid  ;  Beurri5 
de  Capiaumont,  and  Comte  de  Lamy  were  also  richly 
coloured,  whilst  of  fine  samples  were  BeUissime  d'Hiver, 
BeurreBachelier,Bishop'sThumb,Duchessed'AngouWme 
Huyshe's  Bergamot,  and  Doyenn(5  du  Cornice. 

Devonshire  was  favoured  by  a  capital  representative 
collection  of  120  kinds  from  R.  Veitch  &  Sons,  of  Exeter, 
who  had  Louise  Bonne.  Beurre  Superfin,  Doyenne 
Boussoch,  Jersey  Gratioli,  in  fine  colour  ;  Catillac,  Glou 
Morceau,  Beurre  Clairgeau,  and  BeUissime  d'Hiver,  very 
fine.  Mr.  Garland,  of  Killerton  Gardens,  had  about  forty 
kinds,  but  many  of  the  samples  were  poor  and  much 
spotted. 

Gloucester  was  represented  by  some  fifty  kinds,  rather 
medium-sized  samples,  including  the  black  'Worcester 
stewing  Pear,  Beurri;  d'Amanlis,  and  Conseiller  de  la 
Cour.  This  lot  was  not  named  fully,  but  appeared  to 
belong  to  Mr.  Shingles,  of  Tortworth  Court  Gardens. 

Lincolnshire  was  well  represented  by  a  fine  collection 
of  some  fifty-six  kinds,  sent  from  Belvoir  Castle  by  Mr. 
Ingram.  Most  of  the  samples  were  excellent, |and  in- 
cluded good  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Beurre  Superfin,  Beurre 
Ranee,  General  Todtleben,  Glou  Morceau,  Madame 
Millet,  Urbaniste,  and  Beurre  d'.Anjou,  all  from  wall 
trees. 

From  Cheshire  came  a  very  fine  and  interesting  collec- 
tion, sent  by  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Son,  of  Chester, 
gathered  chiefly  from  nursery  pyramid  trees.  Souvenir 
du  CongrJ;s,  Marie  Louise  d'UccIe,  Beurri^  Diel,  Easter 
Beurr^,  Louise  Bonne,  Beurr(5  Hardy,  &c.,  were  capital. 
Also  came  a  collection  from  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  also 
of  Chester,  the  samples  fair  but  calling  for  no  special 
comment. 

Worcester  was  represented  by  a  very  fine  collection 
indeed  from  R.  Smith  &  Son's  well-known  fruit  nursery, 
the  samples  fine,  clean,  and  the  collection  included  many 
first-class  kinds;  very  handsome  Josephine  de  M.alines, 
Beurri  Hardy,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  huge  samples  of  Van  Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc, 
Beurr(§  Bachelier,  Gansel's  Bergamot,  Beurre  Superfin, 
and  Doyennd  d'Alenfon.  This  coUection  comprised 
some  eighty  varieties. 

From  Nottingimm  came  a  good  representative  collec- 
tion of  170  kinds,  sent  by  Messrs.  J.  &  R.  Pearson,  of 
Chilwell.  Some  of  the  samples  were  probably  growit 
under  glass,  as  such  kinds  as  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Beurre 
Superfin,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  and  others  were  excep- 
tionally clean  and  bright.  Separately  from  the  Glouces- 
ter collections  was  a  large  one  from  Messrs.  J.  Jefferies 
&  Co.,  Cirencester,  which  included  some  superb  Marie 
Louise,  though  somewhat  more  russety  than  usual. 

Essex  found  its  reputation  well  supported  by  Messrs. 
Saltmarsh,  of  Chelmsford,  who  put  up  some  150  kinds. 
Here  Beurrd  Defais,  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Doyenne 
Boussoch, and  Durandeaushowedfinecolour, whilst Grosse 
Calebasse,  Beurr^  Hardy,  Beurn^  Diel,  Beurrf;  Clairgeau, 
Glou  Morfeau,  and  Beaurri  Langelier  had  the  call  for 
size. 

From  Norfolk  came  a  collection  of  forty  kinds  only, 
from  Mr.  C.  Browne,  Meopham  ;  a  variety  named  Beurri5 
Montgeron  was  very  noticeable  for  its  great  beauty  and 
rich  colour. 

Bedjord  found  a  useful  aid  in  Mr.  Laxton,  of 
Girtford,  who  collected  from  various  gardens  a  good 
representative  collection  of  sixty  dishes,  but  the  samples 
were  not  of  the  highest  quality. 

From  Huntingdon  came  a  collection  sent  by  Mr. 
Hardy,  Orton  Hall  Gardens,  Peterborough,  but  many 
of  the  fruits  were  not  in  good  condition.  In  the 
second  tent  were  other  Worcester  collections,  not  all 
of  which  were  ready  when  this  report  was  prepared, 
but  a  good  one  of  some  eighty  or  ninety  kinds  from  Mr. 
■W.  Coleman,  Eastnor  Castle  Gardens,  merits  more 
extended  notice,  as  it  included  many  fine  samples.     He 


also"sent  a'number'of  small  perry'Pears  of  the  district. 
Mr.  Crump,  Madresfield  Court  Gardens,  had  about  forty 
kinds,  mostly  very  fine  samples  of  sorts  previously  named, 
and  there  were  other  collections  from  the  same  district.  A 
very  fine  and  interesting  collection  of  about  sixty-six 
kinds  from  Mr.  Denning,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield, 
Holme  Lacev,  Herefordshire,  whose  kinds  were  chiefly 
grown  on  Quince  cordons.  Here  were  grand  samples  of 
Doyenn(^  Boussoch.  Hacon's Incomparable.  Princess,  very 
rich  colour ;  Beurre  Hardy,  Madame  Treyve,  Louise 
Bonne,  and  Pitmaston  Duchess, 

Going  northwards  to  Lancashire  were  some  two  or 
three  collections  ;  one  of  them,runnamed,  included  the 
handsome  stewind  Pear  Verulam.  There  was  also  a  fair 
collection  from  Mr.  Brocklebank,  Liverpool,  of  thirty 
kinds. 

South  Wales  was  fairiy  represented  by  collections  from 
Mr.  W.  Powell,  Taibach,  Glamorgan,  and  Mr.  Muir, 
Margam  Park.  The  former  grower  was  a  farmer.  Mr. 
Muir's  were  fairiy  good  samples,  and  very  clean.  Also 
a  collection  of  thirty  kinds  from  Baron  de  Rutzen,  Haver- 
fordwest. 

The  North  Wales  group  included  a  large  collection 
of  some  sixty  kinds  from  Wynnstay  Castle  Gardens, 
Ruabon  ;  sixty  kinds  also  from  Mr.  Coomber,  Hendre 
Park  Gardens,  Monmouth  :  and  a  small  collection  from 
Oswestry. 

From  Ireland  came  at  least  one  collection,  sent  by  Mr. 
Unthank,  Camperville,  Limerick,  who  had  twenty  kinds, 
some  admirable  samples  of  ordinary  sorts. 

Scotland  made  a  better  figure,  although  the  moderate 
size  of  the  samples  showed  that  so  far  north  is  not 
favourable  to  the  production  of  good  samples.  There 
appeared  to  be  some  six  or  eight  collections  from  North 
of  the  Tweed,  including  an  excellent  one  from  .-Mliston 
Gardens,  St.  Boswell's,  sent  by  Mr.  D.ilrymple,  of  forty- 
eight  kinds ;  also  one  of  about  fifty  kinds,  from  Mr. 
Dunn,  of  Dalkeith  Palace  Gardens  ;  and  sixteen  kinds 
from  Newbattle  Abbey.  Messrs.  Ormiston  &Co.,  Ren- 
wick,  Melrose,  had  a  large  collection  ;  and  an  interest- 
ing one  was  sent  by  Dr.  Robertson,  of  Errol, 

Mr.  J.  Austin,  gr.,  Witley' Court,  showed  an  Apple, 
Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  of  the  weight  of  23  oz.  It  had  lost 
an  ounce  since  being  gathered. 

No  doubt,  when  the  whole  of  the  collections  are  fully 
nrranged  and  placed  according  to  geographical  position, 
the  show  will  be  not  only  singularly  complete  and  repre- 
sentative, but  full  of  interest  to  all  lovers  of  Pears. 
Channel  Islands. 
.\  very  fine  collection  of  fruits  came  from  Jersey,  the 
productions  of  the  nursery  of  Mr.  LeCornu,  St.  Heher's. 
Most  of  them  were  grown  on  the  Quince  stock,  and  for 
size  and  general  appearance  exceeded  any  shown  by 
English  growers— a  fact  which  is  to  be  ascribed  to  the 
finer  cUmate  of  the  islands. 

Fkance. 
M.  F.  Jamin,  Bourg-la-Reine,  exhibited  a  collection 
of  large  fruits,  consisting  mostly  of  varieties  previously 
noted  in  English  collections.  Sorts  not  met  with  in 
those  were  Lt'on  le  Clerc  d'Hiver,  a  showy,  long  Pear, 
with  much  bright  colour  on  the  sunny  side— it  was  from 
a  tree  on  the  Quince  ;  Ohvier  des  Serres  was  double  the 
size  of  the  same  kind  in  our  collections  ;  Fondante  de 
Panesel,  also  from  the  Quince,  of  great  fertility  and 
moderate  growth  :  Doyenn(5  du  Cornice  d'Angers,  a 
handsome  fruit,  but  shy  ;  Louis  Cappe,  from  the  Quince, 
a  good  bearer  and  moderate  grower  ;  Beurre  Luizet,  a 
splendid  long  fruit,  good  bearer  on  the  Quince  ;  and 
Beurre  Bretonneau,  also  good  on  the  same  stock. 

M.  Andre  Leroy,  .\ngers,  had  120  dishes,  but  few  01 
them  approached  the  size  of  the  first-named  collection, 
yet  there  were  many  kinds  new  to  EngUsh  gardeners. 

The  following  are  the  groups  and  the  number  of 
dishes  sent  by  the  exhibitors  :— 
Group  I. 

Berks.— \\r.  Howe,  24  ;  Mr.  C.  Ross.  27  ;  Mr.  Allen, 
18  ;  Mr,  Laurence,  4. 

Hants— ^ev.  J.  L.  Carrick,  12  ;  Mr.  'Wildsmith,  90. 

Kent.—Ur.  Saunders,  36  ;  Mr.  C.  Davies,  50  ;  Mr. 
T.  Bunyard,  70  ;  Messrs,  Bunyard  &  Co.,  100  ;  Mr.  R. 
Smith,  18  ;  Mr.  W.  Rogers,  26  ;  Mr.  'W.  H.  Divers, 
24  ;  Mr.  W.  Herrington,  20  ;  Mr.  'W.  Selwyn,  32  ;  Mr. 
A.  Thomas,  70  ;  and  Mr.  C.  Haycock,  76. 

Middlesex.— Ut.  A.  Wright,  24  ;  Mr.  J.  Coombes, 
30  ;  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  30  ;  Mr.  W.  H.  Tilly,  6  ;  Mr.  R. 
L.  Cosh,  6  ;  Mr.  W.  Wood,  13  ;  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son, 
80  ;  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  200  ;  Mr.  Woodbridge, 
36  ;  Mr.  Denk,  14  ;  Mr.  G.  Thompson,  24  ;  Rev.  H. 
Taylor,  6  ;  Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  40  ;  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  & 
Sons,  120  ;  Mr.  J.  Roberts,  50  ;  Mr.  J.  Graham,  i  ;  Mr. 
H.  J.  Draper,  4  ;  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  6. 

Surrey.— Mx.  B.  Greaves,  20  ;  Mr.  Taylor,  40  ;  Mr. 
G.  W.  Cummins,  no  ;  Mr.  Sheppard,  65  ;  Mr.  Leech, 
30  ;  Mr.  R.  Lloyd,  40;  Mr.  Burnett,  55  ;  Mr.  J.  Burrell, 
24  ;  Mr.  H.  Matthews,  30 ;  Mr.  W.  RoupeU,  20 ;  Mr. 
W,  Stuart,  20  ;  Mr,  D.  East,  11  ;  Mr,  A.  Evans,  24  ; 


Mr.   |.  Boland,  47  ;  Messrs.   Armfield  &  Son,  4  ;  Mr. 
Forbes.  33. 

Sussex.— Itix.  J.  Anderson,  4  ;  Mr.  W.  J.  Gibbons,  12: 
Mr.  S.  Ford,  72  ;  Mr.  J.  Rust,  36  :  Mr.  Burberry,  30  ; 
Messrs.  Cheat  &  Sons,  60  ;  Mr.  J.  Breeze,  50. 

Wilts.— yir.  Miller,  60  ;  Mr.  C.  Warden,  25  ;  Mr. 
B.  Cochrane,  8  ;  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  40. 

Group  II. 

Essex.— Uy.  F.  C.  Barker,  80  ;  Mr.  W.  Dance,  90  ; 
Mr.  R.  Warner,  25  ;  Mr.  W.  Council,  10  ;  Messrs. 
Saltmarsh  &  Son,  80  ;  Mr.  Spivey,  54. 

Lincolnshire.— Mr.  J.  McKelvie,  30. 

Narfjlk.—Mr.  ].  Plowright,  12  ;  Mr,  W.  Vrienals,  20  ; 
Mr.  Sheppard,  19  ;  Mr.  Brown,  30. 

Suffolk.— Ux.  G.  Palmer,  25. 


Group  III. 

Bedford.— Vlx.  T.  Laxton,  20. 

Hertfordshire.— ^\its%x%.  T.  F.  Rivers  &  Son,  80 ; 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  150  ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  80  ; 
Mr.  Mundell,  60  ;  Mr.  W.  Norman,  23. 

Btickinghamshire.-Vix.  C.  Turner.  100 ;  Mr.  J. 
Smith,  so  ;  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  40  ;  Mr.  T.  Fletcher,  10. 

Huntingdonshire.— M.x.  A.  Harding,  40  ;  Miss  Cheere, 

12. 

Oxfordshire.— Vix.  C.  Hewett,  40. 
Group  IV. 

C/z«A;«.— Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Son,  50  ; 
Messrs.  J.  Dickson  &  Son,  32. 

Deriyshire.—Ux.  J.  Gaiger,  12  ;  Mr.  Froggatt,  12. 

Warwickshire.— Mx.  George  Clements,  12, 

Notting/lxmshire.-Ux.  J.  Gleeson,  40  ;  Mr.  Pownell, 
24  ;  Mr.  Pearson,  45  ;  Mr.  Newton,  50. 

Rutlandshire.— yii.  W.  N.  Divers,  20  ;  Mr.  J.  Grey, 


30. 


Staffordshire.—  Mr.   R.  Machellan,  30  ;  Mr.  J.  GiU- 
W.   Ingram,  50;  Messrs.  Harri- 


man,  25. 

Leicestershire- 
son  &  Sons,  54. 

Niirthimptottshire.—yU.  E.  Cole,  80 ;  Mr.  C.  R. 
Clarke,  6. 

Group  V. 

Devonshire.-^.  Veitch  &  Son,  120  ;  Mr.  J.  WilUs,  32; 
Mr.  J.  Gariand,  37  ;  Mr.  G.  P.  Home,  12. 

Dorsetshire.— \\x.  W.  Pragnall,  no. 

Gloucestershire.— U.X.  T.  Shingles,  M  ;  Mr.  Jefferson, 
Qo  ;  Mr.  H.  Bannister,  24  ;  Mr.  Davis,  40. 

Herefordshire.— Vlx.  W.  Denning.  67  ;  Mr.  J.  Hen- 
derson, 25  ;  Mr.  A.  Ward,  36  ;  Mr.  W.  Coleman,  90  ; 
Mr.  J.  W.  Watkins,  38,  and  also  perry  in  bottle. 

Worcestershire.— "SU.  W.  Crump,  30  ;  Mr.  A.  Ritchie, 
50  :  Messrs.  Smith  &  Co. ,  60. 

Monmouthshire.— "i^x.  T,  Coomber,  30. 

Group  VI. 
Cumiorland.—Mx.  Turner,  i  ;  Mr.  Johnson,  i. 
Lancashire.— Mx.  ].  Hathaway,  33  ;  Mr.  Winkworth, 

35. 

Vorishire.-Messxs.   Slater  &  Son,    30 ;    Mr.   H.   ] 
Clayton,  30  ;  Mr.  E.  L.  Hall,  45. 
Scotland. 

Messrs.  Ormiston  &  Renwick,  50 ;  Mr.  W.  Smith.  45  ; 
Mr.  J.  Day,  36.;  Mr.  McHattie,  15  ;  Mr.  Melville,  40. 

Ireland. 
Mr.  G.  F.  Unthank,  26, 

Wales. 
Mr.  Middleton,  60  ;  Mr.  Muir,   42  ;  Mr,   J.  Griffin, 
20  :  Mr.  G.  Hawkins,  6  ;  Mr,  Jenkins,  15. 

Channel  Islands. 
Mr.  J.  L.  Mansell,    12  ;  Mr.  Thurston,  20  ;  Mr.   Le 
Cornu,  80. 

France. 

M.  Leroy,  196  ;  M.  Jamin,  50, 


©fittuarg. 

Baron  Sternberg.— At  Turin,  on  August  12, 
died,  Baron  Franz  Ungern  Sternberg,  a  pupil  of  the 
veteran  Bunge,  and  monographer  of  the  Salicorniads. 
He  was  well  known  to  botanical  tourists  in  the  Alpes 
Maritimes,  as  he  resided  for  some  time  at  Tenda. 

Carnation  and  I'icotee  growers  will  learn  with 

much  regret  that  an  old  and  much  respected  member 
of  their  fraternity,  Mr.  Samuel  Brown,  Crompton 
Road,  Handsworth,  Birmingham,  passed  to  his  rest 
on  the  i6th  inst.  Mr.  Brown  had  passed  the  allot  ed 
span  of  man,  having  attained  the  age  of  seventy-one 
years,  for  more  than  forty  of  which  he  had  been 
known  as  a  zealous  and  successful  cultivator  of 
Carnations  and  Picotees,  a  faithful  friend,  and  a 
warm-hearted  man. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


537 


W^t  Meatier. 


> 

Barohetzr- 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

HygTome- 
trical    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition, 

Wind. 

a: 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 
18  years. 

X 

3 

1 

■ssS 

i 
1 

■oSS 

>  s 

1 

Ocu 

In.       la 

•  1   . 

. 

In. 

'5 

*)93   H-a35Si  5  4"  oj  95 

46  8-  3.4 

40.0 

78 

E.       0.02 

16 

agSo  +0.19  55  846  5   9  3 

S0.9.+  0945.6 

83 

E.S.E.  0.17 

'^ 

'9  94    +0.24'5i.0  37.3 

16.8 

46.0-  3.8:45.4 

98 

S.S  W.  io  00 

i3 

J99S   +tt 2749.5  <3.0 

7.S4S4J-  4  3 

43  5 

93{ 

N.  NW.  "■"" 

19 

29.8^   +0.1849. 8'4i.o 

8  8 

44  7-  4-8 

382 

78 

E.  N.E  [0  02 

JO 

2978   +007148  5,39.0 

9  5 

43  7  —  5-6 

36.9 

" 

N.NW.Io.to 

" 

2960  -an  52.o'39.6 

,2.4 

44s[-4  2 

42  5 

92 

E.  S.E  0.03 

Mean 



2986  +ai6  51.641.0 

.0.6 

46.0-  3.6 

4>-7 

88 

Van-   1     .. 
able.     "■'< 

Oct.  15. — Very  fine  day. 

—  16. — Heavy  rain  in  early  morning,  fine  bright  day. 

—  17. — Dense  fog  from  early  morning  till  noon,  dull  day 

—  iS.— Very  dull  day. 

—  ig. — Fine  dull  day. 

—  2o. — Dull  in  early  morning,  fine  bright  day. 

—  21.— Fine  morning,  drizzling  rain  in  afternoon,  very  fin 

night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  17,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.16 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.86  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  13th,  decreased  to  29  79  inches 
by  9  A.M,  on  the  14th,  increased  to  29  81  inches  by 
I  P.M.,  and  decreased  to  29.71  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.15  inches  by  I  p.m. 
on  the  15th,  decreased  to  30,03  inches  by  9  a.m. 
on  the  i6ih,  increased  to  30.13  inches  by  i  p.m.  on 
the  i7ih,  and  was  30.12  inches  by  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29. 89  inches,  being  0.29 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  o.oi  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  55°.8,  on  ihe  i6th,  on  the 
I3lh  the  highest  was  46°. 5.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  50*. 5. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  32°,  on  the  I21h,  on 
the  l6th  the  lowest  temperature  was  46'.  5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  39^.7. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
17°,  on  the  I2ih  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  nth,  was  5°. 3. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  Io''.8. 

The  mean  temperatures  were — on  the  nth,  44''.5  ; 
en  the  I2th,  40°.7  ;  on  the  I3lh,  4I°.S  ;  on  the  14th, 
43°.I  ;  on  the  15th,  46°. S  ;  on  the  l6th,  50°.9;  on 
the  17th,  46° ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  (excepting  the  l6th,  which  was  o°.9  above) 
by  6°.8,  10°. 3,  8°.g,  7°.3,  3°.4,  and  3''.8,  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  44°.8, 
being  2°.  3  lower  than  last  week,  and  5^.7  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the.sun 
was  95°. i;,  on  the  i6lh.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  7i''.9. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  22°.  2,  on  the  1 2th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  32°. 

/■aw.  — Rain  fell  on  four  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.39  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  17  the  highest  temperatures  were  6l°.5 
at  Cambridge,  60°  at  Truro,  57°.4°  at  Nottingham  ; 
Ihe  highest  at  Bradford  was  $2".!,  at  Sunderland 
and  Newcastle,  53°.      The  general  mean  was  55°.  5. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  29°.S  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 32°  at  Blackheath  and  Hull  ;  the  lowest 
at  Truro  was  38°,  at  Sheffield  and  Newcastle,  37°. 
The  general  mean  was  34^6, 

The  greatest  ranges  were  29°.  2  at  Cambridge, 
26°.  3  at  Wolverhampton,  23°.  8  at  Blackheath  ;    the 


least  ranges  were  I5°.5  at  Bradford,  16°  at  New" 
castle,  i8°at  Sheffield  and  Sunderland.  The  general 
mean  was  20°.  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  54°.  9,  at  Plymouth  53°,  at  Bristol 
52°.9j  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  49°.4,  at 
Bolton  49°.  7,  at  Bradford  49°.  9.  The  general  mean 
was  51°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  43°.4,  at  Leeds  43°.  I  ;  at  Sheffield 
and  Sunderland  42°.  7;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 36°.4,  at  Bolton  38°,  5,  at  Bristol  39°.  The 
general  mean  was  40°. 8. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Bristol,  I3°.9, 
at  Cambridge  13°.  2,  at  Wolverhampton  13°  ;  and  was 
least  at  Sunderland,  7°.  5,  at  Bradford  8°.  3,  at  Leeds 
9°.I.     The  general  mean  was  io°.6. 

The  meaS  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  48°.!, 
at  Sheffield  and  Leeds  46°. 7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wol- 
verhampton, 4i°.9,  at  Bolton  43°.!,  at  Hull  44°.6. 
The  general  mean  was  45°.  2. 

Sain,  — The  largest  talis  were  1.66  inch  at  Truro, 
1.48  inch  at  Sunderland,  1.15  inch  at  Newcastle; 
the  smallest  falls  were  o  20  inch  at  Brighton,  o  34 
inch  at  Liverpool,  0.39  inch  at  Blackheath.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  o  65  inch. 

Scotland  ;  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  17,  the  highest  temperature  was  55°.2, 
at  Paisley  ;  at  Leilh  the  highest  temperature  was 
50°. 3.     The  general  mean  was  53°. I, 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  25''.2,  at 
Perth ;  at  Greenock  the  lowest  temperature  was 
34°.     The  general  mean  was  30°.  2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
45°. 9 ;  and  lowest  at  Peith,  43°.  7.  The  general 
mean  was  45°. 

Xain, — The  largest  fall  was  0.71  inch,  at  Aberdeen  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.03  inch,  at  Leith.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.18  inch. 

JAMF.S  GLAISHER,  F.R.  S. 


"  He  ttutt  questiciuth  much  slutll  learn  /ttwfji,"— Bacon. 

Orchids. — Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  nie  whe- 
ther the  following  Orchids  are  worth  cultivating,  viz., 
Angrnscum  odoratissimum  and  Bolbophyllum  cardya- 
num  ?  These  plants,  I  imagine,  are  amongst  the  early 
introductions,  as  they  came  from  the  San  Donate  col- 
lection of  Prince  Demidoff.  H.  J.  R. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

'*#'*  Our  Telegraphic  Addrkss. — Our  correspondents 
are  requested  to  dear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  of 
the  nno  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London," 
Gardchron  iieinj;  written  as  one  word.  TeU' 
grams  thus  addressed  will  reach  the  Editor  or  the 
Publisher  without  other  address  being  needed  than 
"Gardchron,  London." 


Acacia  at  Masonic  Funeral  :  A,  N.  We  do  not 
know  which  species  is  used. 

Cyclamens  Decaying  in  Centre  :  Constant  Reader. 
The  plants  damping  off  as  they  are  doing  can  only  be 
accounted  for  by  their  being  damped  over  daily. 
Cyclamens  ought  not  to  be  syringed  or  damped  over 
in  any  way  at  this  season  of  the  year.  Even  when 
applying  water  to  the  roots  it  must  be  done  without 
any  water  getting  in  to  the  centre  of  the  plants.  They 
ought  to  be  placed  in  a  heated  house  now,  and  be 
kept  as  close  as  possible  to  the  glass,  so  that  damp 
may  be  dried  up  and  frost  kept  out.  Let  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  house  be  moderately  dry,  and  by  paying 
attention  to  the  watering  they  will  recover. 

Double  Eucharis  :  R.  Brothers.  The  flower  is  a 
composite  one,  resulting  from  the  union  of  two.  When 
this  happens  some  of  the  portions  are  suppressed,  so 
that  the  number  of  parts  is  less  than  would  be  the  case 
in  two  separate  flowers. 

Double  LAPACERrA  :  G.  T.  Interesting,  but  we  have 
seen  much  finer  samples. 

Earwigs  in  the  House  :  Subscriber.  They  can  be 
readily  caught  by  using  Bean-stalks,  Bamboo,  small 
tubes,  garden  pots,  &c.,  so  placed  that  the  insects  can 
readily  enter  on  being  disturbed.  When  once  in  these 
simple  traps  you  can  turn  them  out  into  hot  water,  or 
kill  them  as  tenderly  as  you  like. 

Edging  a  Competing  Group  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums :  T.  W.  We  should  think  it  ought  not  to  dis- 
qualify, as  it  would  not  influence  the  judges,  who 
would  not  give  attention  to  the  setting,  but  to  the 
Chrysanthemums. 

Errata.— In  our  report  of  the  miscellaneous  exhibits 


at  the  Fruit  Show  at  South  Kensington  on  the  i3lh 
and  14th  inst.  we  omitted  to  state  that  Mr.  H.  B. 
May  obtained  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal  for  a  group  of 
Ferns,  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  &c. — Mr.  S.  Jacobs,  of 
Covent  Garden,  was  the  exhibitor  of  the  fine  Gourd 
shown  at  the  late  show  at  South  Kensington,  not  Mr. 
Jacobs  of  Petworth,  as  was  stated. 

Eucharis  :  D.  C.  H.  Your  bulbs  are  attacked  by  the 
Eucharis  mite,  so  often  mentioned  of  late,  and  fully 
described  at  p.  440,  vol.  xxiii.,  1885. 

Fungus  :  E.  V.  B.  Scleroderma  vulgare,  an  ally  of 
the  Puff-balls,  sometimes  mistaken  for  the  Truffle,  an 
entirely  different  fungus. 

Insects  :  A.  M.  M.  The  large  many-celled  gall  found 
at  the  roots  of  an  Oak  is  that  of  the  gall-Hy  (Cyni- 
pideous),  Aphilo:lirix  radicis,  Fabricius.  The  perlect 
flies  are  still  in  their  cells,  in  which  they  will  remain 
till  next  spring,  when  they  escape,  mount  the  Oak, 
deposit  their  eggs  in  the  young  shoots,  which  produce 
gall-flies,  named  Andricjus  Noduli.  These  descend 
the  trees  and  deposit  their  eggs  in  the  roots,  which 
reproduce  the  A.  radicis.  /.  O,   W. 

Is  Charcoal  Burning  Injurious  to  Fruit  Trees 
E.  T.  In  reply  to  the  query  as  to  whether  fumes  from 
a  charcoal  kiln  are  injurious  to  fruit  trees,  I  should  say 
not  ;  at  least,  on  examining  an  Elm,  Oak,  Elder,  Alder, 
and  Thorn  growing  within  six  yards  of  where  charcoal 
has  been  manufactured  for  the  past  twenty  years,  they 
do  not  seem  to  have  sufftred  in  the  least.  A.  D.  W. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  If.  D.  i,  Warner's  King  ;  2,  not 
known  ;  3,  Bess  Pool. — J.  Hughes,  i.  Napoleon;  2, 
Easter  Beurre  ;  2,  Hacon's  Incomparable  (there  were 
two  numbers  2)  ;  5.  Winter  Nelis  ;  6,  Glou  Morfeau. 
— C  T.  I,  Doyenne  du  Comice  ;  2.  Marie  Louise  ; 
3,  Beurre*  d'Amanlis  ;  4,  B.  Sterckmans  ;  5,  Adams' 
l^earmain  ;  6,  Fearn's  Pippin  ;  7,  not  recognised. — 
A.  Vosey.  Probably  Hanwell  Souring.— y^j.  Geddes, 
Pears:  i,  Gansel's  Bergamot ;  2,  Marie  Louise;  3, 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey.  Apples:  i,  Lord  Suffield  ; 
2,  not  recognised  ;  3,  Margil  ;  4.  Fearn's  Pippin  ;  5, 
Hormead's  I'earmain  ;    6,  Bedfordshire  Foundling.  — ■ 

5.  H.  2.  Rymer  ;  3,  Lamb  Abbey  Peaimain  ;  5, 
Goff;  6,  Wyken  Pippin;  others  not  recognised. — 
Benvick  Sidmouth.  50  and  62,  Hambledon  Deux- 
ans :  52,  Golden  Ball  of  Devon  ;  53,  Sturmer 
Pippin  ;  54,  Caroline  ;  59,  Reinetle  du  Canada ; 
60,  Old  Nonpareil ;  61,  Tom  Putt ;  one  other, 
number  lost,  Mannington  Pearmain ;  others  not 
recognised. — S.  L,  i.  Scarlet  Nonpareil  ;  2,  King  of 
the  Pippins  ;  3,  not  known  ;  4,  Ashmead's  Kernel  ;  5, 
New  Hawthornden  ;  6,  7,  Sturmer  Pippin  ;  8,  Blen- 
heim Orange ;  9,  Brabant  Bellefleur ;  10,  Sturmer 
Pippin,  probably.  —  Thos.  Barnett.  Apple  :  Winter 
Mnjeiin.  Pear:  Flemish  Beauty.—//.  Woods.  Apple: 
Summer  Thorle.  —  J.  K.  ^  Co.  Small  specimen, 
Wallham  Abbey  Seedling. —  W.  Cook,  i,  4,  5,  Marie 
Louise  ;    2,  Beurre  Diel  ;   3,  Louise  Bonne  ot  Jersey  ; 

6,  Vicar  of  Winkfield  ;  7,  Glou  Mor^eau.  These  are 
all  dessert  Pears  of  the  best  quality. 

.Names  of  Plants  :   G.   IV.    i.  Forsythia  viridissima  ; 

2.  one  of  the  varieties  of  Ceanothus  azureus. —  IV.  R. 
We  cannot  undertake  to  name  the  numerous  varieties 
of  Crotons  and  Dracaenas.  9, is  Phyllotcenium  Lindeni  ; 
10,  Jusiicia  speciosa.  ^Darlington,  i,  Adiantum 
concinnum  ;  2,  Adiantum  pubescens  ;  3,  Selaginella 
involvens  ;  4,  Cyperus  laxus  variegatus. — "J.  Cocker 
^  Sons.   I,  Lonicera  xylosteum  ;  2,  Spir^Tia  callosa  ; 

3,  one  of  the  numerous  forms  of,  or  hybrids  from, 
Spirasa  saUcifolia. 

Passion-Flower  Over  Luxuriant  to  Flower  : 
y.  A.  Ewing.  Uncover  the  extremities  of  the  roots, 
and  trace  them  inwards  to  the  wall  for  a  foot  or  more  ; 
then  prune  off  the  tips  of  the  bigger  ones  by  so  much, 
retaining  the  smaller  and  more  hbrous  roots.  If  the 
plant  requires  manure,  apply  bone-meal,  charcoal,  or 
Standen's  Patent  Manure  in  small  quantities.  With 
this  treatment,  unless  your  plant  is  very  young,  or 
shaded  by  other  things,  you  ought  to  bring  it  into  a 
flowering  state. 

Seeding  Dahlia;  W.P.  Your  flowers  are  not  improve- 
ments on  e.visting  kinds,  but  it  is  late  for  good  flowers; 
send,  therefore,  next  season  earlier. 

Sea  Buckthorn  and  Cattle  :  T.  D.  We  never 
heard  that  ihe  foliage  is  injurious  to  cattle. 

Tomato  -.^Waite,  Nash  ^  Co.  From  sample  sent  it 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  improvement  on  Hathaway 's 
Excelsior,  which  is  one  of  the  best  flavoured  sorts. 

Walnuts  and  Figs  :  H.  H.  You  can  keep  your 
Walnuts  in  charcoal  dust,  or  silver  sand  in  a  rather 
dark  room.  Figs  :  Brown  Turkey.  Lee's  Perpetual  or 
Negro  Largo  will  do  for  your  vinery  back  wall  ;  the 
latter  is  not  very  free  unless  the  roots  are  much 
restricted  as  to  space. 


CoMM-JNiCATroNs  RECEIVED.— Sutlon  &  Sons.— Brownlow 
Knox.— W.  S.— G.  T.  W.-F.  C.  Heinemann,  Erfurt -Dela- 
pierre  — Marshall  P.  Wilder,  Boston.— E.  Andr^,  Paris.— 
J.  D.  H.~Thos.  Ware.— W.  G.,  Cambridge.— W.  Barbey, 
Valley  res.— Rchb.  f.-C.  P.  &  Co.— G.  W.  (next  week).— 
M.  Saul.-Phillips.—Daison.— Greenfield.— C.  &  W.  T.— 
I  U.— H.  C.— 1.  D.— F.  T.  (should  address  Editor).-OId 
Subscriber. -G.  G.-T.  J— L.  P.  J.-F.  M.-P.  b.  (next 
week.)-W.  W.— T.  Cochrane. -G.  H.  P.-W.  G.  S.-W.  S 
— T.     B.-E.      Y.     M.— J.     Witherspoon    (nc.xc    week).— C. 

DIED,  on  the  19th  inst.,  at  the  residence  of  her  son. 
The  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester,  Eliza,  widow  of 
the  late  Alexander  Findlay,  of  Peterhead,  Aberdeen- 
shire, aged  eighty. 


538 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1885. 


larhtts. 


CO  VENT   GARDEN,    October    22. 
Markets  are  still  very  heavy  at  the  quoted  prices. 
James  Webber,  WlwUsale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  per  %-i 
Damsons,  Ji-sie' 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  100  1 
Kent  Filberts,  ic 
Lemons,  per  cas 


..06-09 
..06-30 

ilb.25  0-2S  o 
..IS  0-30  o 


Melons,  each           . .  ( 

Peaches,  per  do:^.    ..  ; 

Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b,  : 

—  St.  Michael,  each  : 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .  ( 

—  per  >/-sieve       ..  : 
Plums,  J^  sieve       . .  J 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,      Globe, 

per  dozen  ..  ..50-.. 

Aubergines,  each    . .  04-  . . 
Beans,  Eng.,  per  lb.  04-.. 
—  French,  per  lb...  09-.. 
Beet,  per  dozen       ..10-.. 
Brussel  Sprouts,    lb.  04-.. 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  16-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch..  06-.. 
Cauliflowers.       Eng- 
lish, per  dozen     ..    16-30 
Celery,  per  bundle.-   16-26 
Cucumbers,  each     . .  o  4-  b  S 
Endive,  per  dozen  .■.  20-  . . 
Garlic,  per  lb.  .,06-  .-. 

PoTATOS.— Magnum  Bom 
Regents,  605. 

Plants  in  Pots. — Ave 


;.</.  . 


6-  < 


6  0-12  0 

Arum  Lilies,  dozen. . 

9  o-i3  0 

Begonias,  per  dozen 

4    0-12    Q 

Houvardia,  dozen   . . 

Chrysanth.,  per  doz. 

9    0-18    0 

Cyperus,  per  dozen.. 

4  0-12  0 

Draciena   terminalis. 

per  dozen  . .          . .  30  0-60  0 

—  viridis,  per  doz. . 

2  0-24  0 

Enca,    v.irious,  doz. 

9    C^I2    0 

Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  doztfn  . . 

Cut  Flower 

.— Aveea 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Abutilon,  12  bunches 

2  t>-  4  0 

Arum  Lilies,  i2blms. 

60-80 

Asters,  12  bunches.. 

4  0-  S  0 

Azalea,  12  sprays  .. 

20-.. 

Bouvardias,  per  bun. 

Camellias,  12  blms.. 

30-60 

Carnations,  12  blms. 

Chrysanth.,  12  blms. 

10-60 

Eucharis,    per  dozen 

40-60 

Gardeiuas,  12  blooms 

30-60 

Lapageria,  white,  12 

20-30 

—  red,  12  blooms  . 

Lil.  longifl.,  12  blms 

60-80 

Herbs,  per  bui 
Horse  Radish,  bun.  3  o- 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz.  2  o- 
Mint,  green,  bunch.,  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  basket  i  6- 
Onions,  per  bushel. .  3  6- 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  6- 
Parsley,  per  bunch. .  o  4- 
Radishes,  per  dozen  i  o- 
Small   salading,    per 

punnet       - .  ..,04- 

Spinach,  per  bushel  4  o- 
Toniatos,  per  lb.  . . 
Turnips,  bunch  '  . ,  o  c 
Veget.  Marrs.,  each  o  3 
ns,  bad  trade,  sctf.  to  Sor. 
o  %os.  per  ton.         > 

^GK  Wholesale  "Prices. 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

\  er  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica,  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  do^en  4  0-18  o 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fiichsias,  per   dozen  60-90 

Marguerite  Dai^y, 
per  dozen  . .         . .   8  0-12  o 

Myrtles,  per  dozen..    6  0-12  o 

Palms  ia  variety, 
each  ..  ..2  6-21  o 

Pelargoniums,  scar- 
let, per  dozen       . .  2  6-  g  o 


;  Who: 


Prices. 


Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  o-  f 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  16-3 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  scarlet,  i;  trusses  o  9-  i 
Rhodanlhe,  12  bun.  6  o-  5 
Roses  (indoor),  doz.  1  o-  ; 

—  12  bunches  ..  60-1; 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  5  o-  i 
Tropieolum,  12  bun,  i  i>- 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  9-  : 
Violets,    12    bunches  i  o- 


BECK  &  CO,  Ltd., 

130,    GBEAT    SUFFOLK    STREET, 
LONDON,    S.E. 

( Telegraphic  Address  —  "  Hydrant,  London  "), 

HOT-WATEE   VALVE 

MANUFACTURERS,    &c. 

GOLD  MEDAL,  HEALTH  EXHIBITION. 


W  HE.\TLE\  S    PATENT. 


NEW    PATENT 


THROTTLE  VALVE,  ths  advantages  of  »hich  are  shown 
in  seclions  bel  u. 

BEST  and  MOST   COMPACT    THROTTLE 
VALVE  in  the  MARKET. 

2-inch.  3-inch  4  inch 

Prices  :-8s.  3d.    10s.    12s.  6d. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct.  21.— The  seed  market  was  to-day 
scantily  attended,  and  the  transactions  passing  were  few 
and  unimportant.  At  present  no  speculative  inquiry 
shows  itself  for  Clover  seeds.  For  winter  Tares  the  sale 
is  still  small.  Seed  Rye  also  moves  off  slowly.  Some 
new  Turkish  Canary  seed  has  now  arrived,  and  is  obtain- 
able at  very  moderate  rates  :  the  impression  prevails 
that  higher  values  will  shortly  be  seen.  Hemp  seed  is 
IJ.  cheaper.  There  is  no  change  in  Haricot  Beans  and 
blue  Peas.  Linseed  is  steady  with  but  little  offering. 
John  Shaw  &■  Sons,  Sad  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane, 
London,  E.C.  

FRUIT,  ROOTS,  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Oct.  21.— Fair  demand 
for  fruit  and  vegetables,  with  good  supplies.  Prices  ;— 
Cabbages,  2J.  bd.  to  +!.  bd.  per  tally  ;  greens,  2J.  bd.  to 
4!.  ;  Turnips,  2S.  to  2-!.  bd.  ;  Carrots.  2J.  to  2s.  ^d.  ;  and 
Parsley,  is.  to  is.  bd.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Celery,  7s.  to 
12s.  ;  and  Beetroot,  3-r.  to  31.  bd.  per  dozen  ;  Horse 
Radish,  is.  to  15.  3d.  per  bundle  ;  Mangels,  22.1.  bd.  to 
251.  per  ton  ;  Carrots,  301.  to  40J.  per  ton  ;  Onions,  4>. 
to  4s.  bi.  per  cwt.  ;  Apples.  2i.  to  +r.  bd.  ;  and  Pears, 
zs.  bd.  to  4i.  bd.  per  bushel. 

Stratford  ;  Oct.  20.— Tlie  supplies  have  been  good 
during  the  p.T5t  week,  as  also  the  attendance  of  buyers, 
consequently  a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  follow- 
ing quotations  :—  Cabbages.  31.  to  -s.  per  tally  ;  red 
Cabbage,  gd.  to  is.  bd.  per  dozen  ;  greens,  bunch,  2j.  bd. 

to  ss.  bd.  per  dozen  ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ; 

Mangels,    17s.    to  20s.   per  ton  ;    Turnips,   50J.  to  85J. 

per  ton  ;  ditto,  bunch,    is.  bd.    to  3s.  bd.   per  dozen  ; 

Apples,  IS.  to  51.  per  bushel ;  Carrots  for  cattle,  26s.  to 

30J.   per  ton  ;   ditto,  household.   42J.   to  ^as.   per  ton  ; 

ditto,    bunch,   2J.    per  dozen  ;  Tomatos,  8i.    per  case  ; 

Celery,  15,  to  is.  2d.  per  bundle  ;  Horse  Radish,  lod.  to 

is.  per  bundle. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  :— Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  141.  c)d. ;  East 
Waylm,  15J.  bi.  ;  Walls  End  — Tyne  (unscreened), 
1  ts.  3d. ;  Lambton,  iSs. ;  Wear,  lbs.  bd. ;  Hulam.,  iSs.  51/. 
East  Hartlepool,  17s.  bd.  ;  South  Hartlepool,  lbs.  bd 
Tees,  181.  bd.;  Harton,  i6s.  bd.;  Hetton,  l8r.  bd., 
Helton  Lyons,  16s.  bd. ;  Wear,  16s.  bd. ;  South  Durham 
lbs.  bi. 


Should  this  Valve  be  left  unu^el  for  a  lenethentd  period  and 
be  found  t  ehlly  wedged,  by  simply  unsciewmg  the  LOWer 
Nut  or  Spinile,  ihe  wing  wHI  be  released  and  cin  Ihen  be 
readdy  turned  at  pleasure  and  the  Nut  reughtened. 

No  violence  is  therefore  needed,  and  the  Valve 
should  never  he  broken. 


€:^Q^ 


12 


CART 

CHOICE 

HYACINTHS 

rhe  best  for  Exhibition  and  General  Effect, 


Named    HYACINTHS.  PRICE  A 

in  6  sorts.  ^ 

Named.    HYACINTHS.    PRICE  Q 

in  12  sorts,  for    glasses.  U, 

Named    HYACINTHS.   7ric7  9 

in   12   sorts,    for  pots.  O 
Cheaper  sorts,  6s.  &  7s.  Gd.  per  doz. 


KA    Named  HYACINTHS,   price  QR/- 

UU  .     in  25  sorts.  Ov/ 

CA    Named  HYACINTHS,   price 

\f\j  in  50  sorts. 

Named  HYACINTHS.  PRICE  ft K/_ 

in  50  sorts.  Ul// 

N^^m^dliYACIWTHS.  PRICE  7  K  /_ 

in  100  sorts.  SI// 

ALL,    PARCELS    CARRIAGE    FREE. 


Catalogues  containing  names  of  varieties  composing 
the  above  assortments,  gratis  and  post  free. 
^  SEEDSMEN 

^^  By  Koyal  'Warrant   to 

%(/ Gyl^'t^yV^  jgj  PRINCE  OF  WAIES 

237  &.  238,    HIGH    HOLBORN, 

LONDON. 


FOREST  TREES 

One  of  the  largest  slocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 
unsurpassed  ;   prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;   roots  abundant. 
Catalogues  and  all  injormatioit  on  application, 

LITTLE  &BA^U 

Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

0  A  R  L I  s  L  E^ 


FERNS  A  SPECIftLTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containi:>g  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  IJ. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  uoo  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "  List  or  New,  Rake,    and  Choice 

Fekns,"  free. 
Descriptive  "  List  of  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 

W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

BMJ  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  e.-cclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  fully  described. 

THOMAS    S.    WAKE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 


Beck's  Patent   Horizontal   Screw- 
down  Hot-water  Valves 

Are  Manufactured  at  the  above  Address  only, 
and  the  Name  of  the  Firm  is  Cast  on  each. 

GARDEN         HYDRANTS, 

STANDPIPES,     HOSE, 
BRANCHPIPES,     SPREADERS,     ROSES,    &c. 

FIRE    APPLIANCES. 

Sectional  or  Complete  Catalosues  on  application.  I  CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT, 


"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  ol  the 

ficated  unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  July  28,  1883.) 

Nmo  being  sent  out  at  7s.  bd.   and  10s.  bi.  each. 
Cash  or  reference. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


539 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 

WE  offer  an  immense  assortment  of 
Choice  FHwer  Roots,  including  all  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  ol  HYACINTHS.  TULIP.^.  NARCISSI, 
I.ILIES.  GLADIOLI.  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMO- 
NES, &c.,  all  .It  tlie  most  moderate  ptices. 

DANIELS'     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collections — Cakriagh  Free. 

FOR     OUTDOOR     DECORATION. 

No.  I.  Containing  1573  Selected  Roots      ..         ...^220 

,.     2  .,  1135         I  II     6 

„     3  .>  8;o        I     I    o 

,,     4  „  42«  „  0116 

FOE  GREENHOUSE  OR  CONSERVATORY. 

No.  5.  Contiining    963  Sthcted  Roots      ..         ..£,\    4    o 
,.    u  1,  695        ,.  „  ..         ..330 

..     7  .,  513        ,.  220 

„     S  „  277        „  I     I    o 

,.     9  ,.  15«         .,  „  ■•  ..     o  II     6 

FOR    POTS,    WINDOW-BOXES,    &c. 
No.  ic.   Containing  771  StUcled  Roots      ..  . .  li     i     o 

.     ■■  ..  376         ..  I     I     o 

,     12  ..  2,9        „  01.     6 

These  c;  Lections  are  carefully  arranged,  and  a'e  made 
up  from  sound  picked  roots  only;  will  be  found  the  cheapest 
and  best  aisortments  ever  offereti 

Beautifully  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Choice  Flower- 
Roots,  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberry  Plants,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

DWARF   ROSES.  Hybrid  Perpetual,  in  splendid  variety, 
fine  plants,  per  doz..  ics.  6ii.  ;  per  ico,  635.  Carriage  free. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

BUI.B    MERCHANTS    and   NUKSERVMEN, 
NORWICH. 


"GORRISO,     LONDON." 

The  above  has  been  Registered  as  our  Address 

for  Telegrams 
CORRY,  SOPER,    FOWLER   &  CO.  (Ltd)., 

Horticultural  Sundries  Merchants  and  Manufacturers, 
18,  FINSBURY  STREET,  E.C. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  MushroomSpawa 

per  bushtl  of  14  cakes  sr. 
Per  cake,  6d.  ;  per  cake,  free  by 

Parcel  Post.  IS. 
For  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 

Upper  Holloway.  London,  N. 


SPECIAL      OFF£R     TO      THE     TRADE. 

CHR.     BERTRAM, 

Seed  Grower  and  Mercnant,  Stendal,   Germany, 

Begs  to  offer.  Free  to  London,  for  Cash  or  Cheque  :  — 
TULIPA  GREIGII,£i  los  per  100. 

IXIOLIRION  PALLASII  (TARTARICUM),  £1  105.  p.  100. 
The  Bulbs  of  these  beautiful  and  rare  plants  .of  Turkestan 
have  just  arrived,  in  an  unusually  fine  condition.    For  Orders  of 
II -awards  of  500  of  each  reduced  rates  on  application. 


jfOREST,  ]f  ROIT 


ti,    ALL    OTHER 


tTREEs  &  {Plants. 


.osS|,««o«^t,-i«\, 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


)^t6 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and  Decorative 

PLANTS. 


HUGH      LOW     &     CO. 

ADIANtUM  CUNEATUM,  9!,  I2J,  i8j.,  211..  per  doten  ; 
AZALEt  INDICA  ALBA,  18s.  per  dozen ;  AZALEA  IH- 
DICA,  in  variety  18^.,  24J.,  30.,  60J.,  per  dozen;  AZALEA, 
Fielder's  White,  i8j.,  24s.,  per  dozen;  ACACIA  ARMATA, 
I2J.,  i8i  ',  per  dozen  ;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  iSi.,  24s., 
per  dozen  ;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  42s.  per  dozen  ; 
BOUVARDIAS.  in  flower  and  bud.  in  variety,  iss  ■  iSs.,  per 
dozen;  CAMELLIAS,  in  bud.  241.,  3?^.,  60J.,  rer  dozen  ;  CAR- 
NATION. Tree,  181  .  241.,  perdozen  ;  CHOlSYATERNATA, 
spring  flowering  White  Hawthorn,  scented.  Of.,  izs.,  per  dozen  ; 
CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  12s,,  .Si.,  per  dozen  ;  CYCLAMEN, 
peisicum  and  giganteum,  izj. ,  185,,  301.,  per  dozen  ;CORVPHA 
AUSTKALIS,  izs.,  181.,  per  dozen:  CROTONS,  i8j..  241., 
per  dozen  ;  DRAC/ENA  CONGESTA,  i8j.  per  dozen  ; 
DRACENA  RUBRA,  181.  per  dozen;  DRACliMA  INDI- 
VISA  24J.  per  dozen;  DRAC.E.VA  TERMINALIS,  411. 
per  dozen  :  DRAC/ESA.  in  variety,  181,  31s.,  per  dozen; 
ERICA  GR'ACILlS,  12s.,  lEs..  per  dozen;  ERICA  CAF- 
FRA,  I2J,  181.,  3os..perdo  en;  ERICA  COLORANS.  izi., 
1 8s.,  per  dozen;  ERICA  HVEMALIS,  12s.,  i8j.,  245.  per 
dozen  ;  ERICA  MELANTHERA,  12J.,  i8i.,  vs..  per  dozen  ; 
EKICAS,  in  variety.  12s.,  iS'..  per  dozen:  ERICAS,  hard- 
wooded.  i!j.,  i8j  ,  4!!..  I^oi.,  per  doz^n  :  EPACRIS,  91  ,  121., 
18s..  per  dozen:  FICUS  ELASTICUS,  30!.  per  dozen; 
FERNS,  in  variety,  in  48's.  91.,  121.  t8.t  ,  per  dozen; 
GE.MISTAS,  izi.,  iSs  ,  per  dozen  ;  GARDENIA  RADI- 
CANS,  121.,  iSj.,  per  dozen  ;  GAKDENIA  INTERMEDIA, 
giand,  30s,  4ZS.,  601.,  oer  dozen;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS. 
12J.  per  dozen;  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  fifty  varieties, 
121,24!,  per  dozen  ;GREVIL'LEAROBUSTA,9s,  12s  ,  iSj., 
per  dozen;  JASMINUM  GRANDIFLORUM,  well  budded, 
■  Si  ,  2IJ.,  pjr  dozen;  JASMINUM  GRACILLIMUM,  extra 
fine,  i8r.,  3^1.,  foi.,  per  dozen;  LATANIA  BORBONICA, 
fine  stout  plants,  24s.,  30J..  per  dozen  ;  LOMARIA  GIBBA, 
iir.,  i8i.,  per  dozen  ;  KENTIAS.  in  variety,  30s.,  4ZJ.  per 
dczen  :  LAURUSTINUS,  French,  while,  in  hud.  i8j  ,  30s. 
601.,  per  dozen  :  OTAHEITE  ORANGES,  in  f.uit,  4.1..  per 
dczen  :  PALMS,  in  variay,  in  small  pors.  6oj.  per  100  ; 
PHCENIX  RECLIN.ATA,  301  per  dozen;  RHODODEN- 
DRiiNS,  Princess  Royal.  &c..  iSj.,3ot.,6oj  ,751.,  S4i..perdcz  : 
PI  VCHOSPERMA  ALEXANDli.'E,  181.  per  dozen;  SEA- 
FORTHIA  ELEGANS,  18s  ,  33s  ,  per  dozen;  SOLANUMS, 
in  beiry,  91.,  12s.,  i8j.,  per  dozen. 
All  the  above  can  be  supplied  by  the  hundred,  and  the  majority 

by  the  thousan.-i.      Inspection  invited. 
ORCHIDS  A  SPECJALTV. -The  stock  at  the  Clapton   Nur. 
sery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it  it  is  not 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented 

Three  span-ioofed  houses  of  PH.VL.ENOPSIS  in  variety. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  superficial  feet. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

GROWN  BY 

WM.     R  I  S  L  E  Y,    Maritzburg,    Natal, 

(The  Crcinal  Grower). 
Th  ;  whole  of  Mr.  Risley's  crop  is  now  landed,  and  has  oper^ed 
up  in  .'■plend  J  condition.      The  Bulbs  are  exceptionally   large 
and  healthy,  and  such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the 
Market.     They  are  now  for  sale  at  very  low  quotations. 

Intending  Buyers  are  requested  to  make  an  early  application 
to  the  undersigned.     Terms,  Cash. 


WM.  G.   MAC  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E  C. 


TURNIPS 

CABBAGE. 

We  are  in  a  position  ti  make  very  low  prices  for  above, 
all  grown  from  our  own  select  stocks. 


HOWCBOFT    &    WATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seedsmen, 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C. 


WARE'S   AUTUMN    CATALOGUE 

ROSES— All  the  best. 

HARDY     CLIMBERS  —  Every     variety     worth 

crowing. 

CARNATIONS— Including  Trees,  Shows,  Yellows, 

and  Border  varieties. 

PYRETHRUMS— Double  and  Single. 
PINKS— In  great  variety. 
SWEET    VIOLETS— All  first-class  sorts. 
P-ffiONIES  —  A  grand    collection    of    Double    and 

Single  varieties. 

BLACKBERRIES  —  Best  adapted   to  the  British 

Climate. 

NOVELTIES — Many  valuable  introductions, 
MANY    OTHER    TK£ES,    SHRUBS,    and 

PLANTS  adapted  for  present  planting. 
Ciit.ilci^nc  tuny  he  fmd  on  application. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

HALE    FARM   NURSERIES,   TOTTENHAM.  LONDON. 


The  Grand  New  Narcissus, 

'sir        w  a  T  K   I   N  ." 

25.  each,  •2\s.  per  dozen,  i6oi.  per  100. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.     First-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.    Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries.  Cheiter 


BULBS    FOR    BEDDING. 


B,  S.  WILLIAMS 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Narcissi.  Snowdrops, 
&c  ,  of  exceptionally  fine  quality. 


ILLUSTRATED     BULB     CATALOGUE 
Gratis  and  Post-free  to  all  applicants. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 


FRUIT,  FRUIT  FRUIT 

SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE. 
A  PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

^"« All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  91   and  121   per 

dozen  :  Standards,  I2r.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf  trained, 
151.  and  i8j   per  dozin. 

CURRANTS.— Black,  Red.  White,  121.  per  100,  21.  and 
25.  ^d  per  dozen. 

U.^SPBEftRIES.  in  variety,  izs.  per  100;  Northumber- 
land FiUbasket,  6s.  per  100. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  15J.  and  20J.  per  ico,  75.  6if.  and  3'. 

STRAWBERRIES.— All  tW  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
runnels,  2r.  kd.  per  100:  in2j4-inch  pots,  lor.  per  100: 
in  s-inch  pots,  for  forcing  25^.  per  loo  ;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  Karlies  and  Ihe  Captain,  2j  per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

Sec  our  Xciv  Cataio^ue. 
The  finest  H.P.  varieties,  dr  per  dozen,  ^cs.  per  loo. 
Tea  scented  and  Noisettes.  15J-  per  dozen  ;  locj.  per  :oq. 
Beautiful  Mosses.  f>s.  per  dozen. 

Ciiinbing  varieties,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &;c..  6j.  p.  doz. 
The   above  are  all  our  own  growing:,  and  will  grow  and 
II  nver  much  better  than   Roses  grown    in  a   good  climaie 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

OR.WAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 

OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c. ;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinale  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
colours  :  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  grf.  per  dozen,  45.  and  ^s.  per  100.  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMPACTA,  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  i<.  6  /.  per  dozen,  8j.  per  roo  ; 
or,  5C0  asisorted  Spring-Howcring  Plants  for  i-js.  6d., 

TULIPS,  various  colours,  is.  per  100:  CROCUS,  11.  6d. 
and  21.  per  loi ;  SNOWDROPS,  is.  6d.  per  .00; 
BORDER  HYACINTHS,  i6j.  perioo;  NARCIS- 
SUS, 5^.  per  ICO  ;  500  assorted  Spring  Bulbs  for  12s., 
1000  for  3,s 


WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 

BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,      PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.— Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 
or  garden  bloom,  named,  5^.  per  dozen 
SPLENDID    PHLOXEj.   PLNTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  vaiielies,  3!.  6 V.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.— The  most  showy 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOIEES.— Good  exhibition  sorts. 
6r.  per  dozen  plants:  fine  Clove  and  Border  Self 
varieties,  41.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 

LI  LIES.— Candidwra,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  35.  per  dor. 

W.M.  CLIBRAN  ani>  SON"  OlJfield  Nursery.  Altnnchara. 


c 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,  ij.  6,1.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 
our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARNATIONS.     DEUTZIA 
GRACILIS.  — In  pots  for   early    blooming,  6s.,  gs., 

spiR/EA  japonica.'dielytra  SPECIABILIS.— 

Fine  clumps,  5s.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,    mollis,    ponlica.  or    indica,    all   with 

buds,  for  forcing,  rSr.,  24^,  and  3-f.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.OIdfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


QEE  our  NEW    CATALOGUE   for  this 

O  Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c         

WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


540 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  24,  1885. 


E     WILSON    SERPELL,    Nurseryman, 
•     &c.,  Plyraoulh,  bees  to  offer  the  followine  Shrubs,  &c  , 
all  well-rojted  stuff;  eatlv  oiders  solicited  :  — 
CRVPTOMERIA  ELEGANS,   handsome  stuff,   3  to  4  fee-, 

PICEA  NOBILIS,  1=  to  si  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 
planted, I2J.  to  24r.  per  dozen. 
YEWS,  Irish,  well  furnished,  3  to  4  feet,  i8j.  per  dozen. 
PlNU-i  INSIGNI3.  2t0  3(eet,  i8j.  per  dozen. 


Autumn  FUntlng. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited),  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  *ell  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
'1  KEES,  I'tc  ,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
enient  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 


preparation,  and 


THe  New  Raapbemr. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
1  he  finest   Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Soaety,  1883. 
Strong  Cines.  Ci  per  100  ;  gf.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowai.ce  to  Trade.  5  per  cent,    discount  for  prompt 


A.    KAULKNOR.  Iiikpen,  Hunpeiford. 


New  CtuTBantbemums. 

EOVVEN  is  oftering  strong  flowering  plants 
•  (DELAUX)  varieties  fjr  1886.  21s.  per  dozen  ;  Cut- 
lings,  rooted,  loj.  fid.  per  d  >zen  ;  twelve  varieties  for  1885. 
Green  Plants,  IM.  id.  per  dozen  ;  Rooted  Cuttings,  ^S-  td.  ; 
Cuttings.  IS.  Best  Exhibition  and  Decorative  sons.  Cuttings 
IS,  td.  per  dozon,  two  dozen  2S.  6d. 
The  Floral  Nurseries,  Maidenhead. 

Quality  Hlgli-Prlce3  Low. 

FRUITING      TREES     in     POTS. 
GRAPE  VINES,    FIGS,    PEACHES,    &c. 
Well-trained    Trees   for    Walls,    with   fibrous  roots,    from 
Osborn's  stock. 
The  choicest  ROSES.       SEAKALE  for  Forcing. 
Inspection  invited. 
WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton.  Middlesex. 


DOUBLE  TUBEROSES,  extra  fine,  7s.  per 
dozen  ;  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Roots,  ,1.  and 
61.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  VALLEY,  German  Crowns.  51.  per 
100:  SPIKVEA  JAPONICA.  31.  per  dozen;  AZALEAS  and 
CAMELLIAS,  from  i&s.  per  dozen.  Large  quantitier  at 
cheaper  rates.    Trade  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  Co..  I  and  2,   Fenchurch  Street,  E.C.,  and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 


LILIES  and  ORCHIDS  are  Wm.  Gor- 
don's specialties,  and  can  nowhere  be  had  better  or 
cheaper.  These  ate  specially  imported  from  all  parts  of  the 
world,  ard  largely  grown  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  Trade,  to 
whom  special  offers  will  be  made.  Wm.  Gordon's  CATA- 
LOGUE  has  now  been  sent  to  all  his  known  Customers,  and 
will  be  forwarded  on  receipt  of  re(|uest  to  any  one  desirous  of 
receiving  a  copy.  DUTCH  BULBS  are  suppUed  only  in  the 
t  quality  at  the  lowest  possib'e  prices.  Lovers  o(  ALPINE 
now  have  all  their  wants  satisfied,  as  Wm. 
Resident  Collector    in    the    Alps.      First-class 


PLAP 


For 


.  Twickenham.  Middlesex 


Celt 
thes 
WM.  GORDON.  The  Nii 

Turr-Turf   Turf. 

FOR  SALE,  10  Acres  of  first-class  TURF, 
on  the  London  and  Suburban  Estate,  Elmer's  End  Road, 
near  the  "  Robin  Hood,"  Penge.  S.E.  To  be  sold  on  the 
ground,  or  delivered  to  any  part.     Lowest  terms  for  cash. 

Apply   on    the    ground,     to    J.    BUTLER,    or   to    JAMES 
CJtAKER,  Contractor,  Woodbine  Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

ILLTRACK    MUSHROOM    SPAWN^ 

The  best  aud  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
41.  6d.  per  bushel  (i6  cakes),  6d.  per  bushel  package; 
as  samples,  free  parcel  post,   is.  -^d.     Tiade  supplied 


M 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  too  for  255.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 

4or.  ;  4.bushel  bags,  4<i'.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.   6d.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  2SJ.  ;  sacks,  id.  each. 
BLACK  FlBROU;i  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  jii.  ;  sades. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ti.  grf.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  26r  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  2,,  Goldsmith's  Suect, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 

GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4bushel  Bags, 
li.  each  :  30  for  255.— bags  included  ;  2-ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail. 
25J.  BEST  BKOWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
Sack  :  5  lor  22s  6rf,  ;  10  for  351.  ;  lo  for  6as.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4r  M.  per  Sack;  5  for  20«.  ;  10  for  30J. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  is.6d.  per  Bu-hel ;  i4t.  per 
a  Ton  ;  231.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITfi  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
lod'.  perlb. ;  281b.,  21J.;  cwt,  70!.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  Sd.  per  lb.  ;  28 lb.  for  i8s.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  41.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  35.  per  S.ck.  CHARCOAL,  aj.  6d.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  fd.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&c.     LIST  Free.     Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

South  walk  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 

pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE    REFUSE:    newly 

V^/  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society.— Truck-load  of  a  tons,  2or.  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
i4r.  :  forty.  25^.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.-J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
'Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  ^^ 


Two  Pr 


:  Me 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  (ibrous    ..  41.  6d.  per  sacic  ;  5  sacks  for  2oj. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   35.  6d,  „  c  sacks  lor  i  (;r 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    jj.  6d.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "k 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (  ,      ,  ,     .     ,    ,    „ 

LEAF  MOULD,  bestonly  ..     f"- P"  bush,   sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  ^d.  per  bush.,  12J.  half  ton,  azr  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  bestonly ij.  per  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        . .     «d.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8r. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Sp^cialiti!)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     55.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2t.  per  bush.,  6*.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ij.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr,  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  : 
30  sacks,  25i  ;  40  sacks,  3or.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
255.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E 


Reclamation  of  Lindow  Common. 

SPECIAL  OFFER  of  RICH  PEAT  SOILS. 


No.  I. — Best    Selected     Brown    Fibrous    and 

Sandy  Peat  (well  known  to  be  very  scarce  and  much 
prizco).    Puce  155.  per  ton,  free  on  rails  ia  truckloads. 

No.  2. — Good  Dark  Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  io.r. 

per  ton.  m  trucks.     This  is  a  good  Peat,  aud  should  be 
largely  used  ia  all  Gardens. 

No.  3. — Common  Sandy  Peat,  Sx.  per  ton,  in 
No.  4.— Bog  Peat,  very  largely  used  for  Planting 

Trees  and  Shmbs  in,  5J.  per  ton,  in  truckloads. 

No.  5. — Rich  Old    Leaf-Mould,  being  ancient 

forest  remains       Possesses   the  very  essence   of  plant 
food,     invaluable  for  all  purposes.     2or.  per  ton. 
Sample  bags  of  2  bushels  sent,  t:arriage  free,  by  Tail,  to  any 

part  within  250  miles,  for  31.  td.     Special  bargains  for  Urge 

quantities,  and  delivery  by  cart  within  20  miles. 

JOHNSON   &  CO.,  Stanley  Nurseries, 

LINDOW  COMMON,  WILMSLOW,  CHESHIRE. 
12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  {,6  61.  per  Truck.  BLACK  KIBROII.S  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Araleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  5J.  ;  5  B^es.  11s.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lot.  f,a'.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  521  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough  Station.  Hants. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intendeti  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  jr.,  31.,  and  loj.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finesrand 
most  efTective,  14  lb.  for  9J.  ;    28  lb.,  i8j,  ;    cwt.,  70J. 
Special  quotations  for  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton.  E. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREKS,    STRAWBERRIES 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 


HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 

STON  CLINTON  STRAW  .MATS.— The 

Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  :— 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  21.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  21.  id.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft  ,  at  31.  2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  (flmton.Trlng,  Bucks. 


Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
yeais  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAT  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 

4  and  5,  Wormwooa  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Russia  Mat  and  RafBa  Merchants. 

MATS    and   RAFFIA  FIBRE   supplied  at 
lower  prices  than  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.      For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Impoiters, 

MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  0,  James  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W  C. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

J        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  above  Labels  are  made  of  a  White  Metal,  with  raised 

BLACK-FACED   LETTERS. 

The  Gardeners'  Magazine  says  :— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Lab«l  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

AUTUMN  PRICE  LIST. 

"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE   NETTING. 

THREE     GOLD    MEDAI-8. 


Very  greatly  REDUCED  PRIOES- 

per  Roll  Of  60  yards. 

QUAL.TV. 

sin.  mts>     No.  i  Liaht 
Poultry    iNo.  2  Medium 

6 
19 

iS 

12     18 

s.  d  s.  d. 
3     04     ( 
3     ',5     3 

7  0 

8  0 

!_!: 

9  0 

10  6 

3'' 

s.d 

7  c 

8  c 

"  3 

36 

'.d. 
9  ' 
10  6 

■3  < 
'3f 

.58 

.48  !  7» 

s.d.sd 
.2  .    .3  < 
14'.    .10 

16  0  24  . 
.8027  c 

.8.  ,7, 

»t  ',,1  ■( 

i|-in  mtih    No.  I  Light 
Rabbit.     >Jo.  2  Medium 

194    c'5    c 
.84     6^6    9 

ij-n. mesh    No.  i  Light 
SmM 
Rabbit.     No.  2  Medium 

19  4     6 
.8  s    3 

6  9 

7  to 

IRON  HURDLES,   BAR  and  'WIRE  FENCIN3. 

STEEL   BARB   'WIRE. 

FLOWER   and   NETTING   STAKES. 

BLACK   VARNISH,  for  Coating  Fencing.  Is.  Gd.  par 

gallon,  carriage  paid.  In  18  and  36-gallon  casks. 

MATERIALS  FOR  WIRING  WALLS  AND  TRELLISES 

FOR  TRAINING  FRUIT  TREES. 


J.    B.  BROWN  &  CO., 

Offices  :      90,     CANNON     STREET,      E.C. 


ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING— PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS-WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS-TRELLISED  ARCADES 
— ROSERIES-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCKS— 
RABBIT -PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c. 


R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTUR.\L   IRON  and  WIRE   WORK.S. 
The  Fheasantry.  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S  W. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c., 

at  extremely  moderate  prices. 
Full  pirticulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


21 -OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ol  15-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBGE    FABMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle, 

/^REENHOUSE  GLASS,  \\d.  per  foot,  ia 

\~^  boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  f,d. 
per  lb.,  or  411.  per  cwt.— B.  LAMB  and  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun* 
drymen,  8,  Buclinall  Street,  London,  W.C. 


October  24,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


541 


SUPERIOR     VARNISH. '  DEANE  &  Co.'s  Cucumber  Frames. 


This  Varnish  is  the  cheapest  and  beit 
covering  which  can  be  used  lor  all  outdoor 
purposes,  and  has  many  advantages  over 
(111  paint.  It  is  apDiied  cold,  and  may  be 
laid  on  by  any  farm  labourer  or  other  un- 
skilled person.  It  diies  quickly,  giving  a 
hard,  brilliant  polish,  and  looks  equally  as 
well  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  the  cost. 

PRICE  in  Casks,  containing  not  less  than 
9  gallons,    delivered    free  at    most    railway 
stations  :  —  Best    prepared    Jet    or    Black, 
\s.  (id.  per  callon. 
Catalogues  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing.  Gates, 
pQuItry  Fencing,  S:c  .  free  on  application 

BAYLISS,    JONES.   &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street,  London,  EC. 


No. 
Size.  Price. 
4  ft.  X  6  ft.  Z2  IM 
8  ft.  X  6  ft.  .£3  iM 
J  ft.  X  6  ft.  li  OS 
6  ft.  X  6  ft  £.<>  iw 
C-^RFiAGH  Paid 

Packing  Free 
rucled  of  best  red  deal,  iji  in    thick 
lights  4  ft.  X  6  ft.,  2  in   thick 
HeiRht  at  back  24  in.,  front  13    n 


Cucumber  Frames. 

KH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    speci.l    attention    to    their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  ihey  always  have   a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painiel      1  liey  are  made  of  ihe  lest  materials,  aid   can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apait  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Piices,  deliveied  to  any  station  in  England  :—       i.  !.  d. 
2  light  f.ame,    8  feel  by  6  feet  I    p,.,,-   ,     I       3  10    o 
3-light  frame,  12  feet  by  6  feet  ^r™  Tr-e  I       5     5     o 
olieht  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  )  "-"*"  ""  (     10     o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  fiamiug  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO.,  Hoihouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 


DEANE  &  CO.'S  PLANT  FRAMES. 


PACkiM^    Free. 

Speliucati  n  Lonstiuction  a  above  Height  in  front, 
II  in      at  r  dge    3*  in       each  light  fined  with  iron  set  opes 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories, Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Ereciing  and  Healing.  FREE. 

SURVEYS  made  in  any  part  of  the  country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE,  DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^S^ryEx.^" !  LON DON  BRI DGE. 

DAVI  D       LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBROOK. 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  BuiJdinEs  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames  and  Saskes  in  Stock. 


Greenhouses  of  everv  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated. 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  ub,  for  wlildi  no  cbarge  is  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewtiere. 


ILLUSTRATED 
Kit  li  y  Illustrated  Catalo^ 


CATALOGUES        FREE. 


pie,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  fir*c.,  recently  erected  by  M,  6*  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOEOUGH. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Tlnerles,  Stoves,  Greenjiouses,  Peacli  Houses,  Forcing  Honses,  &o.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 
perlection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  catmot  be  equalled.    We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 

Uld  ihat  THH   VKRV    BBST. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
I  smallest  to  th_«  largest.  JBot-water^  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  etummteed 


n  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sasbes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stockl 

Plants  Eitimatet  and  Catalogues /tee.     Customtrs  vuaited  on  it 

Our  Maxira  is  and  always  has  been— 

SIODBRATB    CHARQES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


any  fart  of  the  Kintdem. 

THE    BBST    HATBRIAL8. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHaL    ROW,    LONDON,    EC 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  w  11  give  est  mates  for 
every  desciipiion  of  HORTICULTURAL  V^ORK  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

m,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illuslraled  Lisls  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  walls,  paths,  and  stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


XpOR     SALE,   a   PEACH 

-i-        90  feet  by    \i  fee*   6  inches,     and     11 

Fruit  Trees  and  Pipifg,  in  three  compartmen 

L.  P.  EDWARDS,  Crosby  Court.  No 

RANGE, 
feet   high,    wi.h 
s.    Apply, 
ihallettou. 

<€-LASSHOUSES8<»EATING? 


B.W.WA-K«U-RST 


LSlA,  BBAIIFORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.(^  jjd 


CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HER      MAJESTY, 

HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

15,000   OF   THB    NOBILITV,    GeNTRV,    AND   ClERGV. 

Is  extensively  nsed  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Oreenhouees,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-'ree. 

C  ARSON  '  S , 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 

LONDON,  E.C.  ; 

II  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN. 

Discount  for  Cash. 

Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 

STRONG     WELL-MADE      POTS 
for  the  above. 
Hyacinths  In  Pots. 

POTS  made  e.xpressly  for  HYACINTHS 
can  be  supplied  by 
J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
PRICE    LIST   free. 


RoBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  mateiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    r 


further    labour  or  expense, 
■grown"   Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  hnish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Biackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  CheUea,  S.W.  : 
Kingshind  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES. 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

lUuittated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Wails  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  Rreat  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  aU  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I     L 


V     E     R  SAND, 

e  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N,B,— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whaives. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


542 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lOcTOBER   24,    1885. 


THE  GARDENER^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  AOVERTISiNG. 

Head  Line  cliar^ed  as  tivo. 

15  Lines. ..^o     8     6 


4  Lines. ../^o 

5  „     ...   o 


10 

11 

12 
13 
14 


4  6 

5  o 

5  6 

6  o 

6  6 

7  o 
7  6 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

II 

0 

II 

0 

12 

0 

12 

0 

13 

13    6 


If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charcie  wijl  be  yts. 

Page  49     »    o 

Half  Page 500 

Column       350 

GAKDENERS,  ana  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

words  I  J.  &/. .  and  bd.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advtrthers  are  cautioned 
against  /laz'ing  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices^  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Dhaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United   Kingdom  :   12  Months,  IX   3S,  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lia.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China)  :    includine    Postage, 

£1  6s.  lor  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  S3.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


PcBLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

105.000  Accidents. 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  bv  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ;£26o.oco  ;  Premium  Income,  .£235.000 
Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E  C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKIES 

(IFISII    and   SCOTCHX 
"Jury  "  Whiskey.  5  years  old,  31.  bd.  bottle  ;  4^5.  dozen. 
■■  Special  Jury  "  whiskey,  7  ye^ri  old.  4s.  bottle  :  4S1.  dozen. 
•■Grand  Jury"  Whi.key  |  ^3  years  old,  S..  bottle  ;    6^Joz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  the  excellence  of  his  Whiskies  that 

he  wid  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  samj  1-:  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 

to  any  jart  of  the  United  Kingdom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    J  U  B  X ,    Belfast. 


The  Ladies  Gazette  of  Fashion  for  Sept.    li 
:ommend  them   .  .  .'They  combine  every  f.  a  u  e  of  exc.lVnce. 

For  the  Autumn  and  Winter.    Warm  and  Durable. 

DEVONSHIRE  SERGE 

SAILOR  SUITS: 

viz..  Blouse,  Knickerbockers, 
Singlet.  ColKir,  B.-ldge,  Lai  y.ird. 
and     Whistle,    strong     quality, 

from  IS.,  t  atriage  Paid, 

Fit  and  satisfaction  guaranteed, 

or  money  returned. 

Gills'  Naval  Costumes  -ame 

price  as  Hoys'. 

AKo  Galatta  and  Jersey  Suits 


.,d     Co: 


Ladi< 


Cashn: 
and  Underclothing,  dir 
our  factories  at  astcn-shing  low  '  . 
price.  Wtiteforlllu 
P^ltetns  and  Measurement  Forms  post/ree,/ro:ii 

The  Uidland  Manufacturing   Company,   Dudley, 


Fie: 


PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

Newest  and  most  wonderful 
DISCOVERY. 
Cares  perfectly,  without 
medicine,  a  1  such  diseases 
as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Cjugh,  Inlluenza,  Hay- 
t'ever.  Diphtheria,  i!;c. 

23.  3d  per  box, 

with  full  directions  for  use. 

Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  sent  direct  (where  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  who'esale  depot. 
Address— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 

Inventor,  Patentee  and  Sole 

Manulacturer, 

9,  Donegall  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Coik,     Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Work,    Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Tl.amesSt,,  London,  E.C, 

BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    WATCHES. 

BENSON  S    NEW    PATENT    (No    465S) 
1  UD    ATE      WATCH     has   obla  ned  the   Highest 

Award  of  a  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  Exhibition  1885 


£5  5s. 


^£12  12s. 


The  "Ludgate  Watch"  la  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  mv  best  London  make,  wnh 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

Je-.veiled  throujikoitt  in  rubles  — true  CUtottomeler  balance— ^ 
adJHSUd  for  exiremes  with  damp  and  diatproof  patent 
ring  baud,  attd  e x tended  barrel — massive  sterling  silver  dome 
cases  with  crystal  glass  front,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
H'i7nh,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  DurabiUty 

of  the    •Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swlss  and  American  (made 

in  Imitation  ot  and  sold  as  English)  and  to  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makerb),  from  ihe  great  defects 
of  which  th»  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt— is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MED  AL-z/if  only  one  adjndg.  d  to  English  it  atches. 

Tlie  ""Ludgate"  is  of  bettfr  quality  and  vante  than  any 
£,\o  ivatch  hitherto  made.  The  "  Ludgate  "  is  my  best  London 
make— strongs  handsome,  and  reliable—  will  stand  the  hardtst 
~,vear  and  rouglust  tisage.  and  is  tlterefore  the  best  -watch  for 
Home,  fnaian  and  Colonial  -wear  by  Gardeners  (^o.  i,\zt%^ 
siz-;),  ll'o7kmen.  and  Artisans  (No.  2.  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
OJficers  and  Men  in  H.M.  services.  Youths'  and  Boys"  (No.  3, 
small),  luill  be  sent, free  andsa/e  at  my  risk,  to  alt  parts  of  the 
world,  /or  £5  53.,  <7r  in  18-Carat  gOld,  cr^'stal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size). 

A  remittance  by  P.O  O..  Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
ofa  Three  Quarter  Plate  English  Watch  for  ^5  51.  in  Silver, 
ox  £i2j2S.  m  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  inriiDsemeot  of  the  Patent  Rights;  will  be 
proceeded  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BoOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  .tpplication  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  lo   Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  EC.  : 
And  23,  Old  Bond  Street,  W..  London. 

Consequent  upon  the  award  of  the  Gold  Medal,  the  demand, 
always  gteit,  has  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  Orders  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  ;C2  to^^soo.  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewelleiy,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 
HOT-WATER   APPARATUS. 


Price,  as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  open  feed  syphon,  12  feet  of 

4-inch    hot-water  pipe,  and  patent  joints   complete,    £^   41. 

Delivered  free  to  any  station.     Discount  for  cash. 

This  is  the  simplest,  cheapest,  and  most  powerful  apparatus 
made.  It  requires  no  brick  setting,  no  stokehole,  and  no  hot- 
water  fitter  for  fixing.  The  Boiler  stands  in  the  Gieenhouse, 
the  front  only  being  outside  and  flush  with  the  outer  wall,  so 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  itself  is  utilised. 

It  burns  over  iz  hours  without  attention  at  a  nominal  cost. 

''Loughborough"  Boilers  to  heat  up  to  650  feet  of  4-mch 
pipe,  with  hot-water  pipe,  joints,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 
Cost  of  Apparatus  COMPLETE  for  Greenhouses  as  below  :^ 
ioby6ft..i;4  14  o  I  i5by9ft..;£5  10  8  I  25  by  13  ft.,  /;6  j6  8 
i?by8ft.,  5  io|2obyiofc,6  o  o  |  43  by  16  ft..  12  12  4 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.  Estimates  on  appUcstiop. 
The  measurement  of  Greenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 
is  delivered  wiih  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing. 
Illustrated  List,  with  full  particulars,  post  free, 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-waterEngineers, 

''■%^lT^'^\  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


RIPPIKGILLES    PATENT    PRIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE   Warming   STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  Stove  made. 


Awa 

rded  the h 

prem 

ium  over 

all  competitors 

wheie 

ver  e 

xhibited. 

The 

cheapest 

and 

most 

effective 

mea 

T      known 

for   % 

arming    small 

Gree 

nhou^es,  a 

id  ke 

ping 

out  Irost 

d  damp.  They  burn  absolutely 
without  smoke  or  smell,  require  no 
pipes  01  fittings,  give  off  no  injurious 
vapour  to  either  vegetable  or  animal 
life  will  bum  twelve  to  twenty  hours 
without  attention,  are  so  portable 
they  can  be  moved  from  one  place 
to  another  while  burning,  and  for 
e  iliciency  and  economy  can  be  highly 
recommended.  Prices  from  a  few 
shitlmgs.  Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 
lud  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
upon  the  stove  before  you  purchase. 
Full  Illustrated  LIST  and  name  and 
addre  s  of  nearest  agent  forwarded 
free  on  application  to  the  sole  manu- 


THE     ALBION     LAMP     COMPANY, 

A5T0\  RO^D     BIRMINGHAM. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &o. 
Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
l</.,    without    attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's — 

THOMAS    ROBERTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  iSj.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  2ii   ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  aSs. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payalile  to 

BBIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAM". 
Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preservine  Ironwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  woik,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  i>er  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  Bd,  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

**  Pierce  field  Park,  June  zt,  1876— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adoress  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully, Wm.  Cox  " 

CAUTION,— \i\\.\.  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Custcm^rs  against   the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  caik  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


October  24,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


543 


BuBsla  Mats,  and  Baffla  Fibre. 

Before  Buying,  write  for 

J  AS.   T.    ANDERSON'S  Annual  Catalogue 
(just  issued),   which  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  appli- 
cation. 14Q,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

Registered  Telegraphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON." 

~      Russia  Mats,  and  Horticultural  Sundries. 

J  AS.    T.    ANDERSON'S    Annual  Catalogue 
is  now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation     tag   Commercial  Street,  Shoreditch,  London,  E. 

Telegraphic  Address--  JATEA,  LONDON.'; 

FOR      sTiLET  a      capital      SPAN-ROOF 
VINERY,  almost  new,  60  feet  Ion 
Ihree  divi-ions,  with  Hot-water  Pipes, 
and  particulars  sent  on  appli 


Addr. 


i  S.  E  ,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 


PRUNING  MADE  SAFE  AND  EASY. 


pas.es  all  olhers."-7o:,r«,i/  0/ 
HarlUulture. 

"  Best  instrument  for  the  pur- 
pose that  has  yet  been  invented." 
—Gardcntn'  ChronkU. 

Lengths  from  2  to  12  feet. 
Prices  from  4f.  6,/.  to  101.  6i/. 

Saw-blades  to  fit  the  Pruner, 
for  cutting  large  branches  can 
,  be  had 

The '■  STANDARD  FRUIT 
GATHERER."  without  an 
equal,  from  141.  bd. 

Price  Lists  of  the  STAN- 
DARD MANUFACTURING 
tOMPANY,  Patentets  and 
Ctneral  Machinists,  Strand 
.Arcade,  Derby  ;  and  Sold  bv 
he   Principal  Ironmongers  and 


'^   Seedsi 


WANTED,  a  Practical  Working 
FORESTER,  experienced  in  the  Management  of 
Nursery  Ground,  Copses,  and  Timber.  Waees  {,1  per  week. 
—  Apply,  stating  full  particuLars,  to  ALFRED  LOMAR, 
Youngsbury  Farm,  Ware,  Hertfordshire. 

ANTED,   a   young   MAN,   married   pre- 

ferred,  with  seme  knowledge  of  Tea  Roses,  and  to 
make  himself  useful  in  a  Market  Nursery.— Apply  personally 
to  J.  WILLIAMS,  33^,  Turner  Road,  Lee,  Blackheath,  S  E. 

ANTED    IMlfEDIATELY,  a  good  ex- 

perienced  ROSE  GRAFTER  under  glass,  for  a  month 
or  six  weeks.  Wages  3&f.  per  week.  Reference  required  as  to 
ability,  &c.  Wanted  also,  a  LAD  from  14  to  16  years  of  age. 
with  a  knowledge  of  Potting  and  Tying.-State  wages  required 
and  references,  to  H.  BENNETT,  Pedigree  Rose  Nursery, 
Shepperton.  Middlesex. 

WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.  — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may /all  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

KICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  ate  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will   be    able  to  supply  any   Lady  or  GeDtleman  with 

•  "  -■       '     '  n'c    M,,r=..r;,.c     Worr..«t,.r 


parttculars^&c-St.  John's  Nu 

rpo     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

JL      MclNTYKB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Gardeners,  Farm  BaUlfTs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

-John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS.  BAILIFFS,  cr  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  theif  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter.— 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  aod  233.  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

'GARDENER    (Head).— Age    42,    married, 

T  three  children  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches. 
Land  and  Stock.  Gocd  Manager.  Sixteen  years'  character 
from  last  employer.— J.  BOULTON.  i8a.  Heme  Gardens, 
Dartford,  Kent. 

ARDENER     (Head).— The     Viscountess 

DowNE,  Dingley  Paik,  Market  Harborough,  wishes 
strongly  to  recommend  her  late  Head  Gardener  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  rcquiiing  ihe  service  of  a  thorough  practical,  trust- 
worthy, and  energetic  man,  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 

/^  ARDENER     (Head).  —  Single  ;     well 

\IX  acquainted  with  the  Culture  of  Orchids,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Vineries,  Forcing,  &c.  Seven  and  a  half 
years  at  present  place.  Leaving  owing  to  the  establishment 
qeing  broken  up,— R.  ALDOUS,  30,  Northwood  Read,  Arch- 
way Koad,  Highgate,  N, 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or 
arc  kept.— A  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a 
Gardener  to  any  one  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  i 
A.  A.  D.,  4>,  Wellineton  Street,  .Str:™d,  W.C. 


C:!. ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age 

VJ  married,  one  child  ;  many  years'  experience  m 
establishments,  successful  grower  of  Grapes  and  all  kir 
Fruir,  In  and  Outdoor ;  Forcing.  &c.  Good  referen 
N.   STONE,  46,  Garheld  Road,  Springbourne.  Boumemo 


ith. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  married. 
—£,1  to  any  one  assisting  advertiser  as  above. 
Thoroughly  experienced  m  all  branches.  Good  references, 
eight  years'  good  character.— A,  B.,  Davis  &  Goodwin,  ic6. 
High  Street,  Croydon. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  i6  ; 
married,  two  children  (youngest  aged  ten  years).  Four- 
teen years'  good  practical  experience  as  Head.  Satisfactory 
reascns  for  leaving.  Good  references.— GARDENER,  Wood- 
lands, Nightingale  Lane,  Clapham  Common.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (HE.^rT Working).— Age  30; 
fourteen  years'  experience.  Practical  knowledge  of 
Fruit  and  Plan;,Houses,  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Kitchen  and 
Pleasure  Grounds.  Sixteen  months  as  Foreman  in  present 
situation. —J.  HUGHES,  The  Gardens.  Brocklesby  Park, 
Ulceby,  Lincolnshire. 

GARDENER  (Head  Forking)  ;  age  3F, 
married,  one  child. — A  Ladv  wishes  to  recommend  her 
Gardener  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a 
thorough  practical  man.  Sixteen  years'  experience  in  Fruit, 
Plants,  and  Vegetable  Culture.— T.  WILLIAMS,  Cherry  Hill 
Road,  Malpas.  Cheshire. 

ARDENER  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 

BAILIFF.-A  Gentlejun  can  highly  recommend  a 
mou  trustworthy  person,  and  one  of  gieat  practical  experience. 
—J.,  5.  Brelland  Terrace,  Ruslhall,  Timbridge  Wells. 

?^ARDENER    and    BAILIFF. —  Age    37, 

V-^  married,  no  incumbrance  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
every  branch— Fruits,  Flowers,  PUnls,  Laying-out  Grounds, 
&c  ,  ;  also  Management  of  Home  Farm,  aU  kinds  of  Stock, 
and  Dairy.  Twelve  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  highly 
recommended.— A.  OFFER,  Felcourt.  East  Grinslead. 

C^ARDENER  (Single-handed).- Under- 
^  stands  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gar- 
dening. Four  years'  excellent  character.— E.  FULLER,  i, 
Roslyo  Villa,  Granville  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

GARDENER.  (Single-handed  or  other- 
wises-Age 46,  no  incumbrance,  Scotch;  thorouehly 
experienced  in  Glass,  Flower  and  Kiichea  Gardening.  Total 
abstainer.     Wife    experienced    in    Dairy     and    Poultry.     Well 


nmended.— W.  ROSS.  Tilsdown.  Dursley,.Gbi 


irshir 


/^ARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED  or  Second 


5  years'  character. — 


/rj.ARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 

^— '      —Age    39,    single  ;     seven    years'    good    character.  — 
H.  R.  S.,  3,  Power  St.eet,  Batlersea.  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Second),  to  take  charge  of 
the  Houses  in  a  private  establishment.— Age  25  ;  willing 

to    assist    out-of-doors    if   required FOREMAN,   Verandah 

Cottage,  Malvern  Wells. 


GARDENER  (Second),  or  in  a  Nursery.— 
Age  22,  single  ;  has  had  good  experience.  Good  cha- 
racter. Total  abstainer.-C  E.  COTTINGTON,  Winchester 
Road.  Wickham,  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Under  or  Single-handed)? 
—  Age  22  ;  seven  and  a  half  years'  experience,  and  good 
character.  Total  abstainer.— R.  H.  LEGG,  Freshwater  Bay, 
Isle  of  Wight. 


GARDENER  (Under),  or  JOURNEYMAN 
in  the  Houses.— Age  22  :  brought  up  in  Garden,  and  can 
be  well  recommended— W.  HAYWARD,  Jun.,  Breckenbro, 
Thirsk,  Yorkshire. 

ARDENER  (Under),  or  IMPROVER.— 

Age  2);  used  to  the  general  routine,  Indoors  and  Out. 
Good  recommendations. —A.  PENTNEY,  Elmstead  Hall, 
Colchester. 


Seed  Trade. 

A  MANAGER  ot  great  experience,  has  had 
the  superintendence  for  many  years  of  one  of  the  most 
successful  Houses  in  the  Trade,  will  shortly  desire  a  re-engage- 
ment.  America  or  the  Colonies  not  objected  to.— G.  H., 
60,  Trafalgar  Road,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 

DEPARTMENT  FOREMaI^,  or  NUR? 
SERY  MANAGER  :  .ige  sS.-Employment  wanted  by 
a  well-informed,  energetic  man.  Absolutely  first-class  character 
and  references,  teaching  over  these  last  twelve  years,  from 
leading  nurseries  in  Denmark.  Germany,  England,  and 
America.  Leaves  present  situation— Softwooded  Department 
Foieman  in  leading  Lor.don  market  nursery— on  own  account. — 
W.  SKARUP,  Hoddesdon,  Herts. 


FOREMAN,  in   the   Houses. — Age  24  ;   four 
years  in  last   situation.     Premium  given.— F.    FROST, 
Burhill,  Walton-on-lhames. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
26;  ten  years'  experience  in  first.class  establishments. 
Nearly  three  years  as  Foreman.  Good  references.— FORE- 
MAN, 35,  Melronby  Ten  ace,  Chorley  Old  Road,  Bolton,  Lane. 

FOREMAN  (Inside).— Age  26  ;  eleven  years' 
experience.  First-class  testimonials,  and  two  years*  good 
character  from  present  situation.— A.  M.,  The  Gardens,  Hal- 
stead  Place,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 


FOREMAN  (Working),  small  Nursery.— 
Age  26 ;  good  Propagator  and  Grower  of  General  Nur- 
sery Stuff,  both  Glass  and  Ground.  Expert  Budder  and  Grafter. 
Good  releience.  — X.  Y.  Z..  15,  Paradise  Road,  B,inbury. 

FOREMAN  oTgROWER  of  Pelargoniums, 
Bouvardias,  Roses,  Sec,  for  Covent  Garden.  —Good 
practical  experience  in  leading  Nurseries.  Moderate  wages.— 
D.,  55,  Clephane  Road,  Canonbury,  N. 


N 


FOREMAN,  or  JOURNEYMAN,  in  the 
Houses,  in  a  large  establishment  -R.  LvK,  The  Gardens, 
Sydmonton  Court,  Newbury,  would  be  pleised  to  recommend  a 
yourg  man  as  aliovc. 

URSERY  FOREMAN,— Thorough  Sales- 

man  and  Propagator,  good  at  Bouquets  and  Wreaths, 
exceptional  knowledge  of  Herbaceons  Plants.  Good  references, 
abstainer.— E.  JENKINS,  Woodstock  Cottage,  Leckhamplon, 
Cheltenham.        \ 

PROPAGATOR,  or  MANAGER  of  Small 
Nursery.— Well  up  in  Market  Trade,  Wreaths.  Crosses, 
Bouquets,  and  general  routine  of  Nursery  Work.  Good  refer- 
ences.—W.  1!,,  ,3.  Portland  Road,  South  Norwood,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  (Indoor). 
—Age  23  ;  over  seven  years'  experience.  Good  refer- 
ences.-JOHN  WINSER,  Pust  Office,  Plummer's  Plain, 
Horsham,  Sussex, 

TOU R N EYMAN.— J.  McNair,  The  Gardens, 

O  11am  Hall,  Ashbourne,  would  be  glad  to  secure  for  a  pushing 
young  man,  a  situation  as  above. — Address  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses;  age  21.— 

O  H.  Louth,  Gardener,  Syndale  Parle.  Favetshjm.  can 
strongly  recommend  a  young  man  as  above  ;  has  served  on  these 
Gardens  upwards  of  two  years. 

I  OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  ;  age  22.— 

"       C.  T8A,  The  Gardens,  Haveiholme  Priory,  Sleaford,  can 


TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— The  Adver- 
TlsHK  can  recommend  a  reliable  young  man  as  JOUR- 
NEYMAN, willinE  and  obliging,  in  a  moderate-sized  place.— 
G.H  ,  The  Gardens,  Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— A  Dutchman  of 
good  family,  twenty  years  old,  speaking  Enelisb  fluently, 
well  acquaintei  with  and  trained  in  the  Dutch  Bulb  Growing 
and  Trade,  wants  a  situation  in  England.  Good  references 
given  and  required.— S.  T.,  Mr.  L.  Visser.  Heemstede,  near 
Haarlem,  Holland. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses,  under  a  good 
Foreman. — Age   17;  three  years' experience. — C.  H.  W., 
2j,  Gloucester  Place,  Cheltenham. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Garden.— Age   i8  ;    two 
years' expeiience.     Can    be    well  recommended.      Willing 
to  make  himself  useful.— T.  W.,  Grovelands,  Soulhgate,  N. 

T't5~NURSERYMEN.-^A"^uth~(age  i8) 
requires  situation  in  Nursery;  three  years*  experience  in 
two  large  Nurseries,  good  Budder  and  Grafter.  Good  character. 
Indoors  preferred. -G.  SMITH,  The  Gendalls,  Uttoxeter. 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— A  Boy'(age^i5J 
wants  a  situation  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden. 
Premium  given.  Gocd  references.-HARRY  MUNT,  High 
St.eet  Green,  Hemel  Hempstead.  Herts. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

MANAGER  (Assistant),  SALESMAN,  or 
CORRESPONDENT.-A  young  man  (age  27),  desires 
ituat  ion  in  a  Nursery  as  above.  Is  well  educated,  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  all  kinds  of  Office  Work,  and  has  a  fair  know- 
ledge of  Genaral  Nursery  Work  and  Stocks,  especially  in  Her- 
baceous and  Florist  Flower  Departments.  First-class  references. 
Can  begin  at  once. — C.  H.,  Gariieners'  ChronkU  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C- 

BOOK-KEEPERand  CORRESPONDENT 
combined,  wiih  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Trade. — 
H,  J.  Phttit,  who  has  been  Llerk  at  the  Exotic  Nursery, 
Tooting,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  will  be  at  liberty  after  the 
30th  inst.  to  offer  his  services  to  a  good  house  requiring  those  of 
a  careful  and  efficient  man.— 10,  Havilland  Terrace,  Defoe 
Road,  Tooting,  Surrey,  S,W. 


SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.  — 
Twenty-seven  years'  practical  experience  in  London  and 
Provincial  Houses.  Thorough  knowledge  of  every  detail  con- 
nected with  Seed  and  Bulb  Business  routine.  Can  be  well  re- 
commended by  former  employers. — W.,  gr,  Clarence  Street, 
Lower  Broughton,  Manche(ter. 

HOPMAN,    or     MANAGER.  —  Age    27  ; 

fourteen  years'  experience.  Wholesale  aud  Retail  ;  well 
up  in  all  branches.  Gocd  references.— WALTER,  106,  Bethnal 
Green  Road,  London,  E. 

SHOPMAN.— Age   28  ;    thirteen   years'    ex- 
perience.   Good   characte..— A.    H.,    78,  Faroe    Road, 
West  Kensinglon  Park,  London,  W. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  26  ;  eleven  years'  e.\pe- 
rience,  now  disengaged  ;  first-cla^  9  references.  Satisfac- 
tory reasons  for  giving  up  last  engagement. —  ALBERT 
UPSTONE,  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee. 


SHOPMAN  or  ASSISTANT.— Eleven  years' 
experience  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  Farm,  Vegetable, 
and  Flower  Seeds,  Bulbs,  Sundries.  &c.  Good  knowledge  of 
Plants.— C.  B.,  124,  Holland  Street,  Glasgow. 

FLORIST.— Used  to   Furnishing  and   Seed 
Trade. —A.,     86,     Oliphant     Street,     Queen's     Park, 
Kilburn,  N.W. 


SEED  TRADE.— Age  35,  married  ;  Shop  or 
Waiehouse.  —  C,     96,    Ilbert    Street,     Queen's    Park, 
Kilburn,  N.W. 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS. —  Any  Dyspeptic 
sufferer  aware  of  the  purifying,  regulating,  and  gently 
aperient  powers  of  these  Pdls.  should  permit  no  one  to  cloud  his 
judgment  or  to  warp  his  course.  With  a  box  of  Holloway's 
Pills,  and  attention  to  its  accompanying  "Directions,"  he 
may  (eel  thoroughly  satisfied  that  he  can  safely  and  effectually 
release  himself  from  his  miseries  without  impairing  his  appetite 
or  weakening  his  digestion.  This  most  excellenl  medicine  acts 
as  a  nervine  and  bodily  tonic  by  aiding  nutrition,  and  banishes 
a  thousand  annoying  forms  of  nervous  complaints.  An  occa- 
sional  lesort  to  Holloway's  remedy  will  prove  highly  salutary 
to  all  persons,  whether  well  or  ill,  whose  digestion  is  slow  or 
imperfect— a  condition  usually  evidenced  by  weariness,  languor 
and  despondency. 


544 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  24,  1885. 


Excellence   combined 
with  Economy. 


^EBBS; 


COLLECTIONS  OF 

The  Finest  Selected 


BULBS 


For  OUTDOOR  DECORATION. 


Webb.'  Collection  C 
Webbs'  Collection  D 
Webb.'Collecli.n  E 
Webbs' Collecian  F 
Webbs' Colhclion  G 
Webb.'CilUctionH 


isSa  Bulbs 
63 1  Bulbs 
424  Bulbs 
31;  Bulbs 
2C3  Bulbs 
114  Bu.bs 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs' a  llecti 
Webbs'  Coll 
Webbs'  Coll. 
Webbs'  Colli 
Webbs'  Col'i 
Webbs'  Coll. 


461  Bulbs 
261  Bulbs 
Z07  Bulbs 
134  Bulbs 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  &c. 


Webbs'  Colli 
Webbs'  Collecli 
Webbs'  CoUecti 
Webbs'  Collecti 
Webbs'  Collect 
Webbs'  Collect; 



1031  Bu'bs 
647  Bulbs 
457  Bulbs 
255  Bulbs 
161  Bulbs 
127  Bulbs 


SPECIAL.— As  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Sons  are  probably  tbe  largest  growers 
and  importers  of  Bulbs  they  are  en- 
abled to  offer  the  finest  selected  roots 
at  very  low  prices. 


^A^EBBS' 
COMBINED  COLLECTION 

of  Bulbs  for  Indoor  and  Outdoor  OultlTatlon. 


PRICE 

21s., 

Carriage  Free, 

497 
BULBS. 


,  beddtoe,  in  variety 

HtS 


!  Hyacinihs,  bedding,  mi 

i  Narcissus,  double  uhit< 
;       „     Poettcus 
..     Van  SioD 
1  Potyanihu*  Narcissus 
>  Ranui  cuius,  mixed 
'.  Scilla  Siberica 
)  'Snowdrops 
!  Tulips,  double,  mixed 


WEBBS'     BULB     CATALOGUE 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 


All  BULBS  arc  Delivered  Free  by  Post  or  Rail. 
5  per  cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

WORDSLEY,  STOURBRIDGE 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY   STOCK:- 

ABIES  CANADENSIS.  4  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 
„     DOUGLASII,  3  to  6  feet,  thousands. 
„     DOUGLASII  GLAUCA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
„     HOOKERIANAor  PATTONIANA,  310  6  feet. 
„     ORIENTAI.IS,  4,  5.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
,.     PARRYANA  GLAUCA,   i%  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     All 

CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,,     DEODARA,  6  to  9  feet,  hundreds. 

„     LIBANl  (Cedar  of  Lebanon).  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA  ERECTA  VIRIDIS,  3,  4, 
5  to  8  feet,  thousands. 

,.     LUTEA,  3,  4  and  5  feet,  hundreds. 
JUNIPER.  Chinese.  5.  8  to  12  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     GRANDIS,  5  'e  7  feet. 

,,     LASIOCARPA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundre.'s. 

„     MAGNIFICA   2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NOBILIS,  i'^  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     PI  NSAPO,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  3  to  3"^  and  4  feet.  Wfll  furnished  and 
transplanted  October,  1884,  thousands. 

. ,     GEM  BRA,  3,  6  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 
RETINOSPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA.  3  to  6  fe«t. 

,,     PIiIFERA  AUREA  (true),  3  to  b  feet 

, .     PLU  MOS A  AU  R  EA,  3  to  5  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

..     DOLOBRATA,  3,  4,  and  6  feet,  hundreds. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     OCCIliENTALIS  LUrEA,  3  to  6  feet, 

.      SEMPER  AUREA,  ^\i  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
M-.WS,  Common,  3,  4.  and  5  (eet,  thousands. 

,,     Common,  6  to  10  feer,  hundreds. 

,.     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  many  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled, 

,,     Golden,  Seedlings,  3,  4,  5,  to  8  feet. 

,.     Irish,  5  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

.,     Irish,  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  s  feet. 
AZALE.\S,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 
RHODODENDRONS,  3,  4,  5,  6,  8  to  to  feet,  thousands  of 
plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  oth( 


KALMIA  L.«TFOLI.\,  healthy  and  well  furnished  p 
18  to  24  inches,  showing  from  twelve  to  thirty  ti 
of  bloom. 

AUCUBA  JAPONICA,  2'^  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

IIAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  5  to  8  feet  high, 
planted  spring,  1885.  hundreds. 

BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3,  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thonsanc 

HOLLIES,  Common  Green,  3,  4,  5  up  to  to  feet,  ihousai 
ALTACLARENSE,  ■ 


ally 


HODGINS 
LAURIFOLIA, 
MYRTI  FOLIA, 
SCDITICA, 
Yellow. berried  and  other  sorts. 
Variegated,  of  sor 
Golden  Queeti,  3, 
tiful  specime 
Silver  Q 
Weeping,  Perry' 


,  5  up  t 


)  feet. 


thousands. 


4  to 


Nc 


feet,  s-plendid  specimens. 
s,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten  to 
•'  growth,  hundreds. 
Golden,   a  large  quantity  of    beautiful 


The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems,  fi 
and  splendid  roots,  and  have  all  been  transplauted  ^ 

ACACIA  BESSONIAN.V  6  to  to  feet. 
ACER  DASYCARPUM,  13  to  15  feet. 

„     NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA.  Standards,  3  to  1 

„     REITENBACHII,  8toiofeet. 

„    SCHWEDLERI,  12  to  14,  and  t4  to  16  feet 

,.    WORLEYII,  Standards.  12  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

.,     Purple,  Pyramids,  5,  to  12,  and  12  to  14  feet. 
BIRCH,  Silver,  .2  to  14  feet. 

..     Purple,  14  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Horse.  14  to  16  feet. 

„     Horse,  Scarlet,  rz  to  14  feet. 

.,     ,,     Double,  10  to  12  feet.* 
ELMS,  English,  to  to  t2  feet. 

..    Guernsey,  10  to  13  feet. 
LIMES,  to  to  12  feet,  12  to  14  feet,  .and  .4  to  16  feet. 

,,     Silver-leaved,  12  to  14  feet. 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  to  8  feet. 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  12  feet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  t4  to  16  feet. 
OAKS,  American,  12  to  14  feet. 

.,     English,  10  to  12  feet. 
PLANES.  14  (eet  and  upwards. 
POPLAR  CANADENSIS  NOV.\,  12  to  15   eel. 

,,     BOLLEANA,  8  10  10  feet 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  15  feet. 

„     Purple,  15  to  16  feet. 

,,    Variegated,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 

BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  1 
,,     Weepmg,  Purple  (true).  Standards,  8  to  i 

BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids,  10  to  12 
.,     Yoimg's  Weeping,  Standards,  14  feet. 

ELMS,  Weeping,  Standard-,  10  feel  stems. 

HAZEL,  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

LARCH,  Weeeping,  6  to  :o  feet. 

P(3PLAR,  Weeping.  Standards. 

SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8t 

Intending  planter; 
s  convey  1 


Catalogui 


vited  to  inspect  the  Plants  gi 
?u..h  matters  will  regret    the 
a  very  inadequate  idea  of  such  : 


KNAP    HILL    NURSERY. 

I  WOKING,    SURREY. 


KENT:  the  GARDEN  of  ENGLAND. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD&CO.'S 

CELEBRA  TED 
FRUIT  TREE  NURSERIES, 

MAIDSTONE, 

Ofter  to  Purchasers  the  advantage  of  a  choice 
from  a  Stock  of  400,000  well-grown,  fully 
ripened,  and  carefully  and  scientifically  trained 
trees,  which  lift  with  such  remarkable  roots  that 
they  are  successful  in  all  soils  and  positions. 


Fruit  Trees 

IN  ALL  FORMS, 
For  the  Orchard,  Market  Plantation,  Walled 
or  Villa  Garden,  Prepared  for  Standards,  Rider 
Trained,  Dwarf  Fan,  Espalier  or  Horizontal 
Trained,  Pyramidal,  Double  or  Single  Cordons, 
Bush,  &c. 
All  Trees  on  tlie  most  congenial  Stock. 


Thousands  of  Fruit-bearing  Trees. 

Also  Orchard-house  Shiff  in  pots, 
Fis^s,  Vines,  &c. 


Large  exhibitors  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  Lon- 
don Shows,  the  great  Apple  Congress,  and  the 
Pear  Conference.  Winners  of  the  Champion 
Prize  for  Apples  at  the  "  Inventories." 


APPLE,   LADY  SUDELEY,  First-class  Cer- 

t  ficite.    R  yal     Horiiculiural    Socie.y    and    RoyJ 
Scott  sh  Hor.icutural. 

„     HIGH    CANONS,  First-class  Certificate, 

Riyal  Hir.iculural  Socisiy. 

„     GOSPATRIC  (fine  at  the  Congress). 

Circu'ars,  w'.th  Te-timonials,  post-free. 

Tke  above  Ne7u  and  First-class  Apples  will  he  sint  out  by 

G.  B.  &•  Co.  Ms  November,  /or  the  first  time. 


ACRES    OF    ROSES, 

SHSUBS,  CONIFEBS  and  FABK  I££ES. 


CATALOGUES    GRATIS. 


Frequent  trains  on  the  Chatham  and  Dover  { Victoria), 

or  South- Eastern  [Charing  Cross)  Railways. 
An  Inspection  by  all  Lovers  of  Horticulture  is  solicited. 


ESTABLISHED    1796. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  October  24,  1885. 

Asoat  for  Mauchesta— John  Hsvwood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Msnzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatjlisjbeU  I84i. 


No.  6i8.— Vol.  XXIV.{sBRm      SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  31,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  ]       Price  5d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  sjrf. 


CONTENTS. 


Acacias  at  Worthing 
Apiary,  the 
Apothecaries*        Bolanic 


Ashridge  Park 
British  Moss  Flora 
glaucc 


Cattleya  poqihyrophlebia 
Chrysanthemums  at  Fins- 
bury  Park 
Crystal  Palace     . . 

and    decay    in 


fruit 


Eight  days  in  the  Garden 
of  England 

Florists'  flowers  . . 

Fiower  garden,  the 

Fruits  under  glass 

Gardeners'  education 

Gladioli,  Gourock  collec- 
tion of    

Herbaceous  border 

Hint  to  gardeners 


Hippophae  ihamnoiile;. . 

International       Horticul- 
tural Exhibition 

Mormodes  Dayanuni     . . 

Movements  of  plant-;     .. 

Oncidiuni    octhodes   and 
chrysornis         ..         .. 

Uf chid  notes 

Pear  districts,  notes  fiom 

Pear,  the 

Pears  and  Junipers 
„     in  Wilts 


iof.. 
Plants  and  their  cu 

Silos  and  ensilage 


National     Chrysanthe- 


566 


Royal  Horticultural   .. 
Soil  fertilisers       . .  . .     553 

Testimonial   to    Mr.    W. 

Ingram  . .  . .  ..     562 

Torreya  californica         ..     553 
Veitch    memorial     prizes 

for  1 886 560 

Weather,  the        ..         ..      56S 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Abies  grandis 
Aspergillus  glaucus 
,,     ,.    and  Eurobiuna  repeii 


APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  behalf  of  Two  Sisters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72 
(the  younger  has  been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  who 
have  lived  together  all  their  lives.  The  leasee  of  their 
properly  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  they  have  vainly 
struggled  since  then  to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apart- 
ments, but  the  little  money  they  had  saved  being  now 
quite  exhausted,  and  owing  over  a  year's  rent,  make 
this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save  their  home  from  being 
broken  up,  and  parting  with  everything  they  possess. 
Will  any  kind  Friends  help  them  in  their  deepest  dis- 
tress ?  The  following  Gentlemen  have  kindly  allowed  a 
reference  to  be  made  to  them,  and  will  give  every  in- 
formation respecting  the  genuineness  of  this  Appeal  : — 

Dr.    MAXWFLI.  T.  MASTERS,   F.B.S.,   41,   WellinEton 
Siieet,  Strand,  W  C, 
Mr.  J.  KEASLEY,  62,  Saltoua  Road,  Brixton.  S.W. 
Mr.  W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Contributions  will  be  gratefully  received  and 
thankfully  acknowledged  by    Mr.  w.  RICHARDS. 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle"  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.  The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  G  A  R  D  C  H  R  O  N, 

London." 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
'pHE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

■who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

IV.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

Now  Read7.  In  clotb,  16s. 
'J^HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street.  Sirand.  W.C. 

THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  ta  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Aeentfor  America  ;-C.  H.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


TO  BE  SOLD,  a  bargain,  in   one   lot,   the 
TREES  and   SHRUBS    growinj;    on    about    2    acres. 
Pa.ticulars  of 
C  ,  17,  King  Wilham  Street,  Chating  Crosf,  London,  W.C. 


To  Orchid  Growers. 

LYCASTE      SKINNERI      ALBA, 
and 

ZYGOPSa'ALUM  MACKAYI  MACRANTHUM  (true). 

Balk  expecltd  to  he  in  bloom. 
And  many  other  good  varieties,  will  l,e  SOLD  by  AUCTION, 
at  Dowell's  Rooms,  Edinburgh,  on  TUESDAY,  November  3, 
at  12  o'clock. • 

WA^1;'S     AUCTrON     SALE     OF 
SURPLUS  NURSERY  STOCK. 
A  laree  quantity  of  unusually  fine  stuff  will  be  ofTered    on 
TUESDAY,  November  3,  next. 

For  particulars  see  separate  announcement.  CATALOGUES 
may  b:  had  upon  apolication  to  the  Auctioneers  or  myself, 
THOS.  S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  London. 


SPIR.'EA  JAPONICA,  strong,  well  ripened 
Clumps  for  Forcing,  very  fine,  20J.  per  100. 
DEUTZIA    GRACILIS,    ditto,    ssi-   per  100. 
A  LIST  of  other  Plants  for  Forcing.  &c.,  free  on  application. 
WALTER  CHAS.   SLOCOCK,   Goldworth  Old   Nursery, 
Woking,  Surrey. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— Fine,  large,  plump 
English-grown   Bulbs,  8,  10,  and  13  inches,  and  monster 
Bulbs,  14  to  15  inches  in  circumference,  now  ready. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL.  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  5^6,  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  London.  S.W. 

pARNATIONS    and^PlCOTEES.—  First- 

\J  class  Cultural  Certificate,  Manchester,  1S85.  All  the 
finest  named  varieties  grown,  my  selection,  for  cash,  ds.  per 
dozen.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 

R.  LORD.  Florist,  Holebottom,  Todmorden. 

APE     B  U  L  BS^  CAPE     BULBS. 

Capetown  Bolanic  Gardens. 
Trade    Orders    now    receivable   for  the  coming   feason. 
Lilts  on   application.       Retail- Callections  only,    our  own 
selection,  from  £r  upwards.  ED.  HUTT,  Sales  Dept. 

Ornamental  Plant  Nursery. 
JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,  Belgium,  ofilers 

O      to  Ihe  Tr,<de:-AZALEAS    INDICA,    MOLLIS,  and 
PONTICA  :    DEUTZIA,   CAMELLIA,  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  SPIRAEA  JAPONICA,  in  large  quantities. 
CATALOGUE  tree  on  application. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — Thirty 

Thousand  Dwarf  Roses,  all  the  best  leading  varieties, 
and  true  to  name,  strong  healthy  plants,. 30J.  per  100,  ;{it2 
per  1000 — mv  selection.     Send  for  sample  dozen,  4^ 

C.  ALLEN,  Stone  Hills  Nursery,  Heieham,  Norwich. 

HITE  and  CRInTsTjN  CLOVES,  Anne 

Boleyii.  Mute,  Mr-.  Sinkin,  and  other  Pir.ks  :  Double 
While  CAMPANULA.  Double  POTENTILLAS,  Golden 
CREEPING  JENNY,  very  strong,  ,r.  per  dozen. 

GEORGE  SMITH,  61,  Penrose  Street.  Walworth,  S.E. 


F 


OR    SALE,    some    e.xcellent    BEDMAN'S 

IMPERIAL  BLUE  PEAS,  in  quantities  of  i  quart  or 
more.— Apply  to  Mr.  HOWARD.  Temple  Bruer,  Granihim. 

WM.  PERRY,  Jun.,  Smithfield  Market^ 
Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  TO.MATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c.     Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 


Sale, 


Bankei 


'  and  Trade  refert 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  '.2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Pi  ices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers'  and  good  IVade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.      Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

Squelch"  and  barn  ham. 
Long  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers. &c. 


kJ 


QUELCH        and       barnham, 

giving  personal  attention    to    all  consignments,  they  are 
1  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


BARN  ham. 

daily,  and 


SQUELCH         AND 
ACCOUNT  SALES  SI 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

We  are  prepared  to  receive 

CUT    FLOWERS,  FEKNS,S:C.,  on  Commis- 
sion.—For  further  particular  s  apply  to  pope  and  SONS, 
Florists.  Cenlral  Avenue,  Birminqham  Maiket  HaM. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Lalel.s,  and  instructions  for  packing  sup, bed. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and    Flower   Salesmen,    Fruit 
Covent  Ckrden,  London,  W.C. 


Wa 


-37,  Hart  Street,  W.C. 


V7ANTED,     AUSTRIAN     PINE     FIRS, 
about    12   feet  in  height,  to  form  block,  recently  trans- 
planted.    Must  be  sent  byroad  to  Siieitham.  Smrey.     State 
lowest  terms  for  three  dozen  Trees,  with  carriage,  to 
M.  M.  GLENTHORNE,  Harold  Ro.ad,  Upper  N.rwcod.S.E 


Sixpenny  Telegrams. 

CARTER,   LONDON,  has  been  the  Regis- 
tered Telergam  and  Cable  Address  of  James  Carler  &Co. 
for  many  years,  and  all  communications  addressed   in  this  way 
are  delivered  to  James  Carter  &  Co.,  ensuring  be-t  attention. 
237  and  23S.  High  Holborn.  London,  W.C 

E       L       E       G       R      A       M        S~. 

'•  WALLACE,  COLCHESTER."  is  now  the  Telegraphic 
Address  of  the  NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

E^L  E  G  rXp  hTc        ad  D  RES  S  i^ 

"GILBERT,   STAMFORD." 
is  said  that  Conservatives  have  no  Policy.     Bting  a  thorough 
I  declare  my  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honestly,  to  se.l  all  I  can. 
to  give  general  satisfaction.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 
R.  GILBERT.  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 


T 


TELEGRAMS.— We  beg  to   announce  that 
our  Registered  Address  for  Telegrams  from  all  pins,  is 
•'QUICK,    N  O  R  T  H  A  M  P  T  O  N." 
JOHN  PERKINS  and  SON, 
(  Tht  Old  EstailiJitd  Xursery  and  Seed  Buiinesi  ) 
52,  Market  Square,  Northampton. 

HOMAS    WARE,    Hale    Farm    Nurseries, 
Tottenham,  London,  begs  to  announce  that  his  Address 
for  Telegrams  is  "  WARE,  TOTTENHAM." 

TELEGRAMS.— Our  Registered  Telegraphic 
Addressis  "SMITH,  D.ARLEYDALE,"  counting  as  two 

JAMES    SMITH   AND    SONS,    Darby   Dale    Nurseries, 
near  Matlock. 

ELEGRAMS.—"  WILLIAMS,  LONDON," 

is  the  Registered  Telegraphic  Address  for  Inland  Tele- 
grams only  of  B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Nurseryman  and  Seed 
Merchant,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries.  Upper  Holloway,  N. 

"Y^^  LA  D  I~U  M ,         l7l3  N  b  O  N." 

KJ     The  above  is  our  Address  for  Inland  Telegrams. 

EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. -Now  on  View. 

all  the  recent  Novelties,  some  promising  Seedlings,  and  all  old 

Standard  varieties  ;  the  most  comple'e  Collection  in  the  Trade. 

LISTS  Gratis  on  application. 

JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Nurseries,  Forest  HiM,  S.E. 

ELEGRAMS.— HANS  NIEMAND,  Royal 

Nurseries.  Harborne  Road,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham, 
respectfully  informs  the  Horlicultuial  Public  generally  that  his 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address  is 

'■  JEMAND,   BIRMINGHAM." 

LAURELS. — 2  to  3  feet,  e.xtra  transplanted, 
very  bushy,  151.  per  100,  j£6perioao.  The  finest  stock 
in  the  Trade.  For  other  sizes  and  General  Nursery  block,  see 
CATALOGUE,  post-free  on  application. 

R  TUCKER,  The  Nurseries,  Faiingdon.  Btrks. 
TELEGRAMS—  'TUCKER,     FARING  DON." 


PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  -  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  the  Wallham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  Waltham  Cross. 

ELLEBORUS  NIGER  (Christmas  Rose). 

Special  offer  ot  imported   Roots   on  application  (jusc 
:)to 

nd   Bulb   Merchants. 


H 


FINE  CUT  FLOWERS.  —  LILACS, 
ROSES,  TUBEROSES,  VIOLETS,  &c.  Wh  lesalo 
Catalogues  and  Prices  on  application.-ANDERSON,  LANG- 
BEHN  AND  CO..  Horiiculteurs,  22,  Rue  de  Dunkerque.  Paris. 

FOR    SALE,  >wo    Large    SHAiVdOCKS, 
suitable  for  Conservatory,  in  Slate  Tubs.     No  reasonable 
ofTer  relused.         J.  G  ,  Bayfordbury,  Hertford. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  cjn- 
dilion  for  Tran-planting.  P.ices  ate  low.  Early  oideis 
solicited.  LISTS  on  aj  plication. 

JOHN  LAING  and  CO  ,  Nuiseiies,  Forest  Hill,  S.F. 


NEW    STRAWBERRIES.- 
oftheEarliesandTheCapti 


-Laxton's   King 


nfideiice  be  recommended. 
'  supplied.  Strong  Runners 
T.  LAXrON,  Seed  Growei 


,  Bedford. 

Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  also  FRUIT  TREES  of  all  Hesciipiioi.s 
1  large  numbe-s.     CATALOGUE  free  on  application, 
CHARLES  TURNER,  The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slouch. 

AMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HMA- 

URGH    VINES.-Extra    strong    Fruiting    Canes  of 
;  and  all  other  leading   varieties  at  grratiy  reduced 

51,  Thames, 


H 


Russia  Mats,  and  Horticultural  Sundries. 

J  AS.    T.    ANDERSON'S   Annual  Catalogue 
is  DOW  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded,  post-fiee,  on  appli- 
cation —  149   CommerciJl  Street,  Shoreditch,  I  ondon.  E, 
Telegraphic  Add.esb-"  JATE  A,  1  ONDuN.' 


54^ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Coveiit  Garden,  W.C..  every  MOND.AY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  firbt-c'.ass  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Hoiland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commeoce  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  fiuishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o'clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7007 ) 
PLANTS  AND  BULBS  FROM  HOLLAND. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  November  a,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  consignment  ol  Standard, 
Dwarf  and  Climbmg  ROSES,  FRUI  f  TREES  of  sorts,  and 
other  PLANTS,  from  Holland  ;  also  several  hundred  lots  of 
first-class  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(Sa!e  No.  7o;8,) 
HOME-GROWN  LILIES  and  other  BULBS  in  variety. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  h.s  Great  Rooms,  iS,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  en  THURSDAY  NE.'iT,  November  5, 
at  half.past  t2  o'clock  prccistly,  a  fine  COLLECTION  of 
HOME.GROWN  LILIES,  including  all  the  leading  varieties  ; 
rare  CRINUMS,  splendid  bulbs  of  ERE  ESI  \  REFRACTA 
ALBA,  choice  NAKCiSSI  in  variety,  TIGRIDIAS  of  sorts. 
BR0DIA;AS,  iris,  SPIR/EAS,  South  African  TUBE- 
ROSES, consignments  cf  LILIUM  CANDIDUM  and  LILY 
OF  THE  VALLEY  Irom  Geimany,  DUTCH  BULB!:,  Sic. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Ncxt.-(Sale  No.  7008.) 

Scoo  LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan. 

First  consignment  of  the  season. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  first  consignment  of  LILIUM    AURATUM   has 
just  arrived  from  Japan,  and  will  be  includid  in  bis  SALE  by 
AUCTION,  at    his    Great    Rooms,    38,    King    Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  November  5. 
On  view  morning  of  Sjle,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  WC,  on  THURSDAY,  November  19,  and  he  will 
be  glad  if  Oentleinen  desirous  ol  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale 
will  please  send  p..rilculats  for  Caa'.  gue  as  sotn  as  possible. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MOND.^Y,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVFD  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  63.  Cheap.ide,  E.C.  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely  each 
day.  about  3oo  lots  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUSES, NARCISSUS,  and  other  ROOTS  from  Holland,  in 
excellent  quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
N.B.— In  consequence  of  the  Lord  Maryor's  Show,  there  will 
be  no  Sale  on  MOND.-iY,  November  0.  but  it  will  be  held  the 
following  day  (lUEbDAY,  November  10). 


M 


Sunbury,  Middlesex. 

IMPORTANT  TO  THE  TRADE. 

ESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

instrucled__by    Mr.    John    Turtle,    to    SELL  by 
"  Usborn's    Nutseiy,    Sunbury, 


the    Pr< 


AUCTION, 

Middlesex,  ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  Railway' iStation. 
MONDAY.  Novtmber  2,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  follow- 
iiig  VALUABLE  STOCK,  comprising  4000  Apples,  one  and 
Uiree  years  old,  including  among  oiher  varieties  Lord  Suffield, 
Keswick  Codlin,  Ecklinville  Seeding,  Stirling  Castle,  Warner's 
King,  Worcester  Pearniain  ;  stoo  Victoria  Plums  (Maidens)  ;  500 
Pears  ;  510  Farleigh  Cluster  and  other  Damsons  (Maidens)  ; 
10,000  fiLe  Dwarf  Roses,  on  Manelti,  leading  sorts  :  loo.oco 
Manetti  Slocks  ;  4C00  Climbers,  of  sorts  ;  icoo  Tea  Rose's  in 
pots,  Niphetos,  Maidchal  Niel.  and  others,  for  forcing  ; 
S030  Double  White  Primulas,  in  48-pots,  extra  fine :  500 
Adiantum  cuneatum  ;  2  o  Lomaria  gibba  ;  70QO  Priver  ;  a 
variety  of  Ornamental  Tiees  and  Shrubs,  in  fine  condition  for 
removal,  a.  d  i}i  acies  of  Magnum  Bonum  Potatos.  The  Fruit 
Trees  are  -pecially  fine,  forming  part  of  the  celebrated  stock  ot 
the  late  firm  of  Osborn  &  Sons. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C 


Tottenham. 

Adjoining  ihe  Tottenham  Hale  Slation,  Great  Eastern  Railway 
SALEofremaikably  well.grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
a.e  instructed  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries.  Tot- 
tenham on  TUESDAY,  November  3,  at  12  o'clock  precisely, 
a  hrge  quantity  of  beautifully.grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
which  has  been  carefully  cultivated  and  judiciously  prepared  lor 
removal,  including  50.0  oval-leaved  Privet,  ^%  to  4J4  feet, 
fine  bus^y  plants,  grown  singly  :  2000  Caucasian  Laurel's,  3  to 
5  feet,  robust  plants  ;  Scoo  Dwarf  Roses,  embracing  all  ihe 
lending  varieties  of  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  Teas,  Moss,  China 
Roses.  &c  ;  6oo3  Standard  Ornamental  Trees,  8000  Euon>  mus 
jioonici,  1  to  a  feet,  for  potting,  bushy  plants  :  5000  strong  Red, 
While,  and  Black  Currants,  5000  Hardy  Climbers  in  pols,  all 
well  grown  ;  icoo  Hedera  raaderensis  variegata,  loao  of  the 
new  Double  White  Violet,  Compte  Brazza,  fooo  of  the  new, 
hardy  and  beaulifnlly  pure  white  Passion-flower,  Constance 
Ehoi  ;  so.coo  excepiionally  strong  Se.ikale  and  Asparagus  for 
forcing,  4000  imported  clumps  ot  Spita:a  japonica.  scoo  showy 
border  Carnations  of  the  finest  sorts,  5000  good  bulbs  of  Lilium 
candidum,  2coD  L.  speciosum,  rubrum,  roseum,  and  album 
monstrosum  ;  20CO  Dielytia  speclabilis,  25,000  fine  Geiman 
Crowns  of  Lily  of  the  Valley,  and  large  quantities  of  various 
Herbaceous  Plants,  Bulbs.  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
ani  of  t'  e  Auclioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C 

N.B— The  Nu.se 
Ihe  Railway  Slation. 
wcl.'gro.v.i  S  ock  to  he  offered'in  this  Sale. 


Betchworth,  Surrey.— Expiration  of  Tenancy. 

CLEARANCE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  iiistruclcd  by  Messrs.  Ivery  (!:  .Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Barley  Mow  Nuisery,  Belch- 
worth,  one  mile  from  the  station,  on  TUESDAY,  November  3. 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Ivery  &  Son,  ihe 
whole  of  the  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  a 
quantity  of  Ccmmon  Yews.  Aiicubas,  Birch,  Beech,  Lime, 
Hornbeam,  Sc  jtch  and  Spruce  Firs  ;  an  assortmeut  of  choice 
Evergreen  Shrubs,  c.mprising  Cedrus  Deodara,  Thuia  Lobbii, 
and  occidentalis  ;  Euonymns,  Box,  &c. :  also  Ivies  in  pots, 
Pampas  and  Feather  Grass,  Roses,  Mulberries,  Gooseberrie-, 
and  Currants. 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises  ;  at 
the  Dorking  Nurseries  ;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Wednesday  Next. 

A  consignment  of  CAMELLIAS,  AZM.Eh=.  FICU-^, 
PALMS,  .and  other  PLANTS  from  Belgium  ;  beaulifnlly 
grown  FERNS  and  PALMS;  aisc  5<o  choice  niratd 
Standard  ROSES  from  English  Nure.ies;  DUTCH 
FLOWER  ROOTS  and  NARCISSUS  in  variety, 
LILIES  ot  sorts,  and  an  ;  ssortment  of  HARDY 
PLANTS  and  BULBS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
wdl  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION  at  thtir  Centr.,1 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63.  Cheapside,  Lordon,  E.C,  on  WED- 
NESDAY NEXT,  November  4,  at  hal'-past  13  o'clock 
precisely. 
On  view  morr.ini;  o£SaIe,jiiKl  Catalogue^hail 

Hampton,  Middlesex. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  cf  24,000  FRUIT  TREES,  le.iuiifully 
grown  and  cultivated  from  the  strain  of  the  late  fi  m  of 
Osborn  &  Sons,  whose  reputation  for  the  growth  of  Fruit 
Trees  was  unsurprised,  and  embracing  all  the  leadirg 
varieties  in  crmmerce,  comprising  40C0  Stand.ird  Piums 
and  Cherries,  i3...ro  Maiden  Nectarines,  Peaches.  Damson,, 
and  "  Apricols.  -50J  Maiden  Pears,  2600  Standard  Apples 
and  Pears  (two  years),  D*arf-lrained  Peaches,  Nectarines 
and  Apples,  Fies  ar  d  Vines  in  pots,  4C0  Slandatd  Damsans, 
7000  Bushy  Oval-leaved  PRIVET,  3  104  feet,  t400  SEA- 
KALF.  753  IHUIA  LOBBII,  ,%  to  3  feet,  75(0  Dwaif 
ROSES,  of  all  the  best  and  favruriie  sorts. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  ihe  abjve  valuab'e  stock  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  Osborn  Nursery,  Ham.;ton.  Middlesex,  close 
to  the  Railway  Slation,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  November 
4,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of 
lots.     By  order  ol  Mr.  Will  Tayler. 

Now  on  view.  Calalrgues  had  on  ihe  Premises,  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Bromley,  Kent. 
Two  days'  CLEAR  ANC  E  SALE  of  beauti'ully  grown  NUR- 
SERY STOCK,   by  order  of  Mr.    G.     Stidtlpb,   who    is 
retiring  from  business  owing  toderlining  health. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  in,nuctel  t)  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Nursery,  Bromley,  Kent,  close  to  the  Rail w.ry 
Station,  S.E.R..  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  November 
5  and  6.  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  without  reserve,  t'c 
whole  of  the  unusually  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which 
is  in  excellent  condition  for  reinoval,  compiisipg  ihruiands  of 
thriving  young  Conifers  for  border  plan'lng  ;  looa  Cupressus 
Lawsoni,  5:00  Privet,  icoo  green  and  variegoted  Hollies,  aoco 
Aticubas,  rooo  Laure's  of  sorts,  and  2300  Irish  Ivies,  rctxj 
Standard  and  olhcr  Roses.  Standard  Ornamental  Trees, 
Deciduous  Flowering  Trees,  Fruit  Trees,  and  other  Stock,  fully 
described  in  Catalogue. 

May  now  be  viewed.  C.italogaes  may  be  had  ( 11  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.tJ. 

N.B.  Messis.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  beg  to  call 
attention  to  the  above  Stock,  which  is  in  remarkably  fine  con- 
dition, and  worthy  of  an  inspection^ 

FrTday  Next 

ODONTOGI  OSSIIM  ALEXANDR.K. 
„     VEXII.LAKlU.VI,  autumn  lliweriiig  variety. 
..     ROEZLII. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
aie  inslrncled  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  ly 
AUCTION,  at  sheir  Cent.al  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63.  Cheap- 
side,  E  C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  No%emher6,  ihe  above  and 
other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  ofS-tle.  and  Ca'.alogues  had. 


New  Godalming  Stalian, 

TWO  D.AYS  SALE  of  FIRST-CLASS  NURSERY  STOCK, 

in  excellent  condition  for  removal. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  M».  Mauiice  Young  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  ihe  Premises,  The  Milford  Nurseries,  near 
Godalming  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY.  Nove  mber  10 
and  ir,at  13  o'clock  precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  beaiiti- 
fullygrown  NURSERY  STOCK  comprising  2000  Specimen 
Border  Shrubs  in  great  variety  :  2000  Aucubas,  2  to  4  feet  ;  t?,ooo 
Spruce  Firs,  it<  to  3feet:  3000  green  and  variegated  B.x,  t\i 
to  2^^  feet:  700  Yews,  4  to  6  feet  ;  45CO  Deciduous  Trees,  3C00 
purple  Lilacs,  3  to  4  feet  ;  50CO  Privet,  3  to  5  feet  ;  10,000  Reti- 
nosporas  of  sorts,  r  to  aji  feet ;  7oa  Cupressus  Lawsmiana 
lutea,  loco  Spiraea  cajlosa ;  1200  Pmus  Strobus,  4  to  6  feet  ; 
1400  Eerberis,  i  to  2  feet ;  10,000  Pinus  austriaca,  g  10  i3 
inches  :  laco  ditto.  2  to  3  feet ;  8000  Laurels,  ij<  to  2,'<  feet : 
6ooo  Standard  Ornam'ntal  and  Forest  Trees  in  variety  :  400 
Poplars  (f  sorts.  3  to  6  feet  ;  tooo  Currants  ;  1500  Roses;  hardy 
Heaths,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Climbers,  and  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Cata'ogues  may 
be  had  i  r  the  Premises,  or  of  ihe  Auctioneers  and  Valueis,  67 
and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E  C. 


Sutton,  surrey. 
TWO    DAYS'  SALE  of  VALUABLE  NURSERY  STOCK 
and    PLANTS,  the  Le,ase   of  ihe   Old  Nursery  in  Benhill 

MEsVrS?" PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  Foster  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Mid-Surrery  Nurseries, 
Sution,  Surrey  (adjoining  ihe  Railway  Station,  and  partly  also 
in  Benhill  Streei).  on  WEDNESD-^Y  and  THURSDAY, 
November  1 1  and  12,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large 
assortment  of  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK  in  capital  con- 
dition  for  removal,  cons'stiog  of  3000  Roses  of  sorts,  specimen 
Tea  Roses  in  pots,  large  quanti'les  of  fine  Conifers  and  Ever- 
greens in  great  variety  ;  20CO  Laurels  of  sorts  ;  Gooseberries, 
Currants,  Poplars,  Limes,  Thorns,  Chestnuts  ;  other  Standard 
Ornamental  'Trees  in  quantity,  hardy  Climbers  in  pols:  150 
Camellias  and  Azaleas,  including  several  good  spec'mens ; 
Eucharis  amazonica  ;  large  Chrysanthemums  in  bloom  ;  and  a 
quantity  of  StO'  e  and  Greenhouse  Plants  and  Ferns  in  variety. 
May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  the  Sale.     Catalogues  may 


Leytonstone,  Essex,  E. 

Two  days'   UNRESERVED  SALE    of    he-autifully  grown 

NURSERY  S  rOCK  in  great  variety. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  the  above,  on  the  Pre- 
mises, The  Ameiican  and  Fillebrook  Nurseries,  adjoining  the 
Railway  Station,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  November 
r3  and  r3,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day. 

Full  particulars  in  Catalogues,  which  may  be  had  of  the 
Auctioneeis,  67  and  63,  Cheapside.  E.C  .  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Denhara  Road  Nursery,  near  Uxbrldge,  Middlesex. 
To  GENTLEMEN,  NURSERYMEN,  and  OTHERS. 

MESSRS.  NORMAN  and  SON  are  directed 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  Jeffrey  to  SELL  by  AL'CTION,  on  the 
Tremises,  as  above,  en  MONDAY.  November  2,  at  it  for 
12  o'clock,  an  assortment  of  FRUIT  TREES,  consisting  of 
Standard  and  Maiden  Apples  and  Pears  ;  Dwarf  ROSES, 
sorts:  CONIFERS  in  variety,  viz.,  Retinosparas,  Cupressus, 
Junipers,  Austrian  Pines,  extra  transplanted,  2  feet  to  4  feet 
high;  finely  grown  YEWS,  from  7  feet  to  ro  feet  high  ;  also 
Oval  leaved  PRIVET.  Tree  BOX,  and  other  EVERGREENS 
and  DECIDUOUS  TREES  and  SHRUBS.  CURRANT 
BUSHES.  RASPBERRY  CANES,  STRAWBERRY  RUN- 
NERS,  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  three  days  prior  to  ihe  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
h.ad  at  the  Offices  of  Messrs.  NORMAN  and  SON,  Uxbridee, 
Middlesex,  and  Denham  and  Beaconsfield,  Bucks. 

EdUiburgh  -  Sale  of  Orchids,  &c. 

LYCASTE  SKINNERl  ALBA. 

ZVGOPETALU.M  MACKAVI  M  ACRANTHUM  (true). 

Both  £jcpicted  to  bd  in  bloom. 

Drummond  Brothers  having  resolved  to  give  up  the  Florist  and 

Nursery  branch  of  their  Business, 

IV/TR.  ALEXANDER  DOWELL  will  SELL 

I'-l  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Rooms,  iiS,  George  Street,  Edin- 
burgh,  on  TUESDAY.  November  3  at  12  o'Clock,  a  COL- 
LECTION of  ORCHIDS.  &c.,  including  above  varieties; 
Dendrobium  nt.bile  Wallichianum,  Cymbidium  Lowianum, 
Phaius  maculatus  and  Waliichii,  Coeltgyne  cristala — Chats* 
worth  variety,  and  many  other  good  sons. 

Catalogues  on  application  to  DRUMMOND  BROTHERS, 
Agricultural  Seedsmen,  82,  George  Street,  Edinburgh. 

Matthews'  Nursery,  Ewahot,  near  Farnham,  Surrey. 

(2  miles  from  Fleet  and  3  miles  fotin  Farnham  Stations, 
L.  e^  S.W.R) 

MR.  F.  W.  ABRAHAM  has  received 
instructions  from  Mr.  G.  Slingo  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises  as  abov 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  folio 
of  ■7O00aSeedhng  Scotch  FIR,  Scoa  QUICK,  -o  o  Spanish 
CHESTNUT  and  ASH.  6coo  ALDER,  55,001  BIRCH,  2  to 
7  feet ;  36  coo  Scalch  FIR,  2  to  3  Itet  ;  i7,oco  BEECH,  2  to  3 
Icet  :  5o,oco  Laich  FIR,  2  to  3  feet :  looa  beauii'u'ly  fiirnishi  d 
Spruce  HR,  4  to  5  feet;  ic,.  00  Black  Ki  o'ls  HOP  PLANTS, 
2r,cco  Fussils  Goldings,  20.000  Gr.ipe  Green  Bine,  to  000 
While  Bine:  sooo  CU  RRANTS  (Red,  White,  ard  Black)  fine 
plants  of  St-indard  APPLES,  PEAKS,  and  PLUMS  ;  quantities 
of  Cinmon  LAUREL.  THUIAS,  RHODODENDRONS. 
CUPRESSUS,  VERONICA,  and  other  useful  >tock.  in  capital 
condition  for  removal,  the  wholehaving  b;en  transplanted  within 
two  year.=. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  previous  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
obtained  at  ihc  Nursery,  the  lloiels  in  Farnham  and  Fleet  ;  or 
of  ihe  Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  Waking,  Surrey. 

Important  Notice  to  Florists,  Nurserymen,  and 

OTHERS. 

''110    BE    SOLD,    by  Private  Treaty,  a  very 

X  Valuable  Enclosuie  of  LAND,  conlaining  about  5  Acres, 
well  adapted  for  the  above  purposes,  also  Poultry  Farm,  Public 
Institution,  or  Building  Purposes.  It  has  a  frontage  to  a  high- 
road, rich  gravel  subsoil,  only  a  short  distance  from  Hamoton 
and  Fiilwell  Railway  Stations,  S.W.R,  and  in  order  to  ifTect 
an  immediate  sale  will  be  sold  a  bargain. 

Apply    to    Mr.    J.    EMBLETON,    Suffolk    House,    Nei» 

TO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  a  compact 
FLORIST'S  NURSERY,  having  seven  modern  Houses 
fitted  with  Hot-water  Apparatus.  .Situated  between  a  main 
road  and  a  river  in  an  excellent  neighbourhood,  close  to  a  large 
town  in  the  Midlands,  with  a  good  residence  attached. 
Apply  to  HARRISON  and  bONS,  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 

NURSERY,  with  Three  Houses  over  loo  feet 
long  each  ;   recently    buit,   comfortable,  doube-fronted 
(.;OTTAGE.      Lease  nineteen  years.      Rent   {.a-      Acre    of 
Ground.     8  miles  from  London.     Parties  with  ;C35  a  apply. 
C  H.  COWLES,  Woodford  Green,  Essex. 

To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

SEWAGE  LAND  t.j  LET. 

THE  KETTERING  LOCAL  BOARD  are 
prepared  TO  LET  for  a  term  of  years  Irom  Chiislmas 
next  THREE  ACRES  of  LANDadjoinins:  ihe  Town  Sewerage 
Woiks  at  Kettering,  Northamptonshire,  and  over  which  the 
effluent  from  the  sewage  tanks  is  passed.  One  acre  of  the  Land 
will  be  planted  with  Osiers  at  ihe  expense  of  the  Board.  Ket- 
tering has  a  population  of  about  14,000,  and  is  situate  on  the 
main  line  of  ihe  Midland  Railw.ay.  75  miles  from  London. 

Further  particulars  will  be  supplied  by  Mr.  HENRY  LAMB, 
Clerk  of  Ihe  Lccl  Bo.iid,  Kettering,  to  whom  application  for 
renting  the  Land  may  be  forwarded. 

TO     LET,     a     Nobleman's      fine     Walled 
KITCHEN    GARDEN,   of  2    to   3  Acres,  wiih    four 
Vineries,  Stovehouse.  &c.,  and  Oardei 


and    County  Tow 
Brieh  on,  and  Pottsmou  h. 
Address  OWNER,  care  e 
Spring  Gardens,  S.W. 


hour    from  ^London, 


H 


ORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
.ue  Free  per  post,  nf  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 
BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  i8s4. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &o. 

AMcINTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake   the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  HUl,  N. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


547 


"ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

X\l  South  Kensineton,  S.W. 

The  President  and  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
invite  all  who  are  interested  in  the  advancement  of  Horticulture 
and  allied  subjects,  to  meet  ihera  in  the  Music  Room  of  the 
Iiiventicns  Exhibition  en  November  lo,  at  t2.30  P,M  ,  to  confer 
ttilhlhtmonthe  subject  of  holdinR  an  INTERNATIONAL 
HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION  in  London  in  1887. 


/CRYSTAL  PALACE. 

y.J       Great  Annual  CHRV'SaNTHEMUM  SHOW. 
FRIDAY   and    SATURDAY,     November     6    and    7. 
For  Schedules  apply  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Gardeu  Superintendent. 
Crystal  Palace,  S.E. 

KINGSTON  and  SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  NINTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  10  and  11,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes,  the  CHAMPION  CHALLENGE  VASE,  value 
TWENTY-FIVE  GUINEAS,  will  be  ofTered.  Entries  Close 
November  5.     Schedules  and  further  informaticn  of 


Fife  Road,  Kingston-c 


:-Tha 


,  T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 


THE  DOME,  BRIGHTON.— 
BRIGHTON  and  HOVE  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY'S  THIRD  ANNUAL  SHOW,  NOVEMBER  10 
and  ti.  Band  of  the  Coldstream  Guards  each  Afternoon  and 
Evening.      Entries  Close  November  5,       Schedules  on  appli- 

"87° "western  Road.  Brighton.        ^^"-^"^  LONGHURST. 


NATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 
GRAND      EXHIBITION,      NOVEMBER    it    and    12. 
Schedules  (f.ee)  on  application. 

Notice.— Floral  Committee  Meetings  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
on  November  ii,  25:  December  9;  at  2.30  P.M.,  precisely. 
(ReguUlions see  Schedule.)  WILLIAM  HOLMES. 

Framfton  Park  Nurseries,  Hacltnev,  London,  E. 

Natioi  al  Chrysanthemum  Catalogue,  6,^.  each. 


HUDDERSFIELD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
The   SECOND   EXHIBITKJN   will  be  held  in  the  Town 
Hall,  Huddersfield,  en  FRIDAYandS.\TURDAV,  November 
13  and  14.     Entries  Close  on  Friday,  November  6.     Schedules 
antl  Entry  Foims  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

Marsh,  Huddersfield.  JOHN  BELL,  Hon.  Sec. 


POYAL    BOTANICAL   and   HORTICUL- 

iVj  TURAL  SOCIETY  of  MANCHESTER. 

The  GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 
APPLES.  PEARS,  and  other  FRUITS,  will  open  in  St. 
James's  Hall,  Manchester,  on  TUESDAY,  November  17.  For 
Schedules,  apply  to  the  undersigned .     gRuCE  FINDLAY. 

Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Manchester. 

EVIZES   C H RY SA N T hIi M U M^SHOW 

will  be  held  in  ihe  Corn  Exchange,  Devize-,  on  TUES- 
DAY, November  17.  Class  i,  Six  Large-Howered  Single 
Piants,  the  1st  prize  a  Silver  Cup  and  .^3  :  and  thirty-seven  other 
Prizes  for  Plants  and  Cut  Floaers.  1  he  Champion  Challenge 
Cup  will  be  offered.     For  Schedules  apply  to 

THOS.   KING,  Devlves  Castle. 


BIRMINGHAM        and       MIDLAND 
COUNTIES'  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 

The  TWENTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  FRUITS,  &c.,  will  be  held  in  the 
Town  Hall,  Birmingham,  on  WEDNESDA  and  THURSDAY, 
November  iS  and  19,  when  the  following  Prizes  for  Cut 
Blooms  will  be  offered  :- 

11—48  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  24  incurved  and  24 
Japanese,  distinct  ;  1st,  £10  ;  2d,  (,^  ;  3d,  ^4  \  4lh,  £.7. 

12.— 24  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  12  incurved  and  12 
Japanese,  distinct  :  ist,  £,^  ;  2d,  It ;  3d,  {,\. 

13,-18  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  incurved,  distinct;  ist, 
^3  :  2d,  £.t :  3d,  I. 

14.-12  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  Japanese,  distirct :  ist, 
.£2:  2d,  .£.;  31I,  los. 

15.--12  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  Anemone, 
varieties  ;  ist,  £,i  ;  2cl,  151.  ;  3d,  loj. 

16—13  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  6  ii.c 
Japanese,  distinct,  to  be  grown  within  3  miles  t 
Place  ;  1st.  (,1  <os.  :  2d,  £,  ;  3d.  loj. 

17,-24  Blooms  of  ..f  Chrysanthemums,  12  inc 
Japanese,  distinct  varieties,  to  be  grown  wilhit 
Stephenson  Place  ;  rst.  £3  ;  2d,  £2  ;  3d,  £u 

1S.-6  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  reflexedvaueties.dist 
'"  be  grown  within  ismiles  of  Stephenson  Place  ;  ist,  lor. 


miles  of 


Schedules  and  Forms  of  Entry 


7r  (d  :  3d,  I!. 

Entries  Close  Novembei 
may  be  had  on  application  .0  j_  HUGHES.  Sec. 

Northwood  Villas,  Metchley  Lane,  Werborne,  Birmingham. 

HULL  an  d  E  A^S  T  R  rDTlTG 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  SECOND  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will 
be  held  in  the  Artillery  Banacks,  Hull,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  November  19  and  20,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of 
ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered 
for  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone,  including  a  ist  prize  of 
;^io  for  forty-eight  bloom',  coupled  with  the  Challenge  Vase, 
value  £is  15J.  ;  2d  prize,  £S  ;  3d  prize,  .£5  ;  4lh  prize,  £■!■ 

Entries  Close    November   12.      Schedules  may   be   obtained 
from  the  Hon.  Sees.. 

R    FALCONER  JAMESON,  1 
WM.  HAWKSWORTH 


}Q. 


Dock,  Hull. 


WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH.  STOCKPORT, 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK  ARTIST. 

Has  carried  out  many  extensive  works  recently  for  Noblemen 
and  Gentlemen.  Can  refer  to  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's, 
where  work  can  be  seen.  Tu'a  formation,  Sandstone,  Natural 
Rockwork  to  suit  any  locality. 

Limes-  Limea— Limes. 
JOHN    PERKINS    and    SON    offer    e.xtra 

f}  fine  Standard  LIMES,  it  to  14  feet,  with  straight  stems 
e  or  Street  Planting,  30J.  per 
1,  Northampton. 


VTEW    EUCHARIS.  — A  First-class  Certifi- 

i.>l  cate  was  awarded  on  Tuesday  the  13th  inst.,  to  the  new 
EUCHARIS  MASTERSII,  by  the  Floral  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  Piice  5J.  each,  2  guineas  per  doz. 
WILLIAM  BULL.  F.L.S..  Establishment  for  New  and 
Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S.W. 

CUPRESSUS       LAWSONI       ERECTA 
ALB.\,  novelty. 
,,     ,,    robusta,  novelty.   For  description,  see  my  Catalogue  of 

spring,  iSSs. 
,.     ,,     Silver  Queen,  novelty. 
CHTONODOXA  SARDENSIS,   novelty,   awarded    a  First- 
class  Certificate  in  London,  March  24,  1SS3. 
SPIR/EA    PALMATA    ALBA,     novelty,  aw.arded    a    First- 
class  Certificate  in  London.  June  17,  l88=. 
THYMUS  LANUGINOSUS  FOL.  VAR,  novelty.     For  de- 
scription see  my  Catalogue  of  spring,  1885. 
Prices  on  application. 
A.  M   C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK,  Tottenham  Nurseries, 
Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 

Vines-  Vines  -Vines. 

THE.'«LIVERP00L  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and 
^s.  td.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  loi.  kd  each. 

The  Vinevard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  neat  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address  —  "COWAN,     LIVERPOOL. 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  25s. 

rJICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
^  above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  fiee. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Special  Offer  —Expiration  of  Lease. 

ROSES,  Best  Dwarf  H.P.,  355.  per  100  ;  fifty 
for  rot. 
TEA  ROSES,  in  5-inch  pols,  all  the  leading  varieties,  includ- 
ing Niphetos,  Maie'chal  Niel,  and  Grace  Darling,  \is. 

NEW  ROSES  of'i88s,  in  48-pots,  I2j.  per  dozen. 
STANDARD  ROSES,  including  Gloirede  Dijon  and  Mat .Schal 
Niel,  12J.  per  dozen. 

APPLE  TREES.Aandards,  i3r.  perdoz.;  Pyramids,  izj.  dcz. 

.,     .,     Bush,  6r.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained,  215.  per  dczen. 
PEARS,  Standards,  i8i.  per  dozen  :  Pyramids,  5  to  6  feet,  sir. 

,,     Dwarf-trained,  24J.  per  dozen. 
PLUMS,  Standards,  iSs.  per  dozen  :  Trained,  24J.  per  dozen. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  lo.ts,  zj.  id. 

per  dozen,  i8r.  per  100. 
CURRANTS.  Red  and  Black,  zs.  per  dozen,  151.  per  100. 
CONIFERS,  for  Lawn  Planting,  a  1  good  varieties,  121.  p.  doz. 
SHRUBS.  Flowering,  41.  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree,  8j.  per  dozen. 
BAY,  Sweet,  gr.  to  i8r.  per  dozen,  2  to  3  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  5  to  to  leet,  8>.  to  241.  per  dozen. 
IVIES,  in  sorts.  Plain  and  Variegated,  in  pots,  91.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS,   Portugal,   Standards,   2  feet  stems,  good  heads, 

is.  id.  each. 
PYRUS  MAULEI,  fruit  makes  a  delicious  preserv 

91.  per  dozen. 
PRIVEr,  for  Hedge  Planting,  ijs.  to  251.  per  icoo. 
ASH,  Weeping,  stems  3  to  10  :eet,  31.  ti.  each.  \    J. 

LABURNUMS,  good  heids,  is.  each.  S 

ELMS,  for  Avenue  Planting.  9  to  ta  feet,  ij.  id.  each.  - 
PLANES,  bestfcrTownPlanling,  Stoioft.,  is.6/.each.  ^"2 
POPLARS,  Black  Italian,  8  to  12  ft.,  61.  to  I2r.  per  doz.  -o 
SYCAMORE,  8  to  10  feet,  is.  per  dozen.  ^ 

THORNS,  Standard,  flowering,  rss.  per  dozen.  J  If, 

T/te  best  Evergreens /or  Sea-side  Planting. 
PINE.  Austrian.  12  to  rS  inche-,  6,-.  per  Ko  ;  18  to  24  inches, 

125.  id,  per  100  ;  24  to  30  inches,  20J.  per  100  ;  30  tc 

36  inches,  351.  per  roo  :  3  to  4  feet,  soi.  per  ico. 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA,  in  pols,  4  tos  It.,  i8i.  per  doz, 
ESCALLONIA  MACRANTHA,  in  pots,  61.  per  doien. 
EUON  VMUS,  best  green,  12  to  i3  icches,  41.  per  dozen  :  18  tc 

24  inches,  5s.  per  dozen. 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  best  tor  covering  walls,  6j.  to  9J. 

Cash  lo  ttiioiirp.itty  order. 

CATALOGUES  post-free  on  application.  ' 

CARAWAY  &  CO.,  Durdham  Down,  Clifton,  Bristol 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2t.  to  245.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  no:v  be  knocked 
out  of  pots  and  sent  by  pircel  po>t.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


Q.REAT  a  ALE  of  "XJURSERY  QTOCK, 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Chrislmas,  we  it.tend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON      HILL     NURSERY, 

During  the  months  of 

OCTOBER  AND    NOVEMBER, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES  AND  FRUIT  TREES, 

At  Greatly  Rkdocsd  Prices. 

The  Trade  and   Private   Buyeis  will  find  this  an  excellent 
oppoitunity  for  Stocking. 

T,    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,     KINGSTON-ON-TflAMES. 


JULES  DE  COCK,  Nurseryman,  Ghent, 
Belgium.  —  Purple  BEECH  (Fagus  purpurea),  true 
variety,  i-yr.,  51,  per  loo,  40s.  per  loco.  HYDRANGEA 
PANICUL.^TA  GRANDIbXORA,  very  good  plants,  351.  per 
ICO.  SPIR.«A  JAPONICA.  beautiful  clumps,  £<.  per  ,000. 
AZALEA  INDICA.  with  fine  head*,  with  buds,  .£5,  £f,  £%, 
jCioperioo;   A.   MOLLIS,  with  buds,  ;^3  and  ^^3  per  ito. 


SPECIAL  CHEAP  OFFER.  —  PINES, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet ;  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Scotch,  12  to  24  inches  ;  ELM,  3  to  4  feit,  4  to  5  feet  ; 
ASH.  Common.  2  lo  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
i.'i  to  2  feet,  2  to  3  feet,  7  10  8  feet,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT. I  to  1  feet  ;  HORNBEAM,  2  to  3  feit,  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  8  feet,  3  to  9  feet  ;  MAPLE,  4  to  10  fe»t  ;  OAK,  Ei  glish, 
from  1  to  10  feet  ;  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  fett,  8  to  10 
feet,  10  to  12  foet :  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  fett,  10  to  12 
feet  :  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  gocd  : 
PRIVET,  Oval-leal.  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  fi.  e  ;  QUICK, 
THORN,  4.  5,  and  6-yr.,  fine  ;  SYCAMORES.  i  to  4  leet  4  10 
S  feet,  7  to  8  feet.  8  to  9  feet  ;  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet  : 
L'ERBERRIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BOX,  CUPRESSUS.  vari- 
ous; ELDERS,  Gold:  CURRANTS,  (lowering  ;  HOLLIES, 
in  great  variety  ;  IVIES,  in  sorts;  JUNIPERS,  L.'iBURN- 
UMS,  LAURELS,  assorted  :  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundred  thousand  of  all  forts  and  sizes -beautiful  stuff; 
RETINOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c.,  apply  to 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  AND  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stckeon-Trent. 


LILIES  and  ORCHIDS  are  Wm.  Gor- 
eon's  specialties,  and  can  nowhere  le  had  better  or 
cheaper.  These  are  specially  imported  from  all  parts  of  the 
world,  ard  largely  grown  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  Trade,  to 
whom  special  offers  will  be  made.  Wm.  Gorpon's  CATA- 
LOGUE has  now  been  sent  to  all  his  known  Customers,  and 
will  be  forwarded  00  receipt  of  request  to  any  one  desirous  of 
receiving  a  copy.  DUTCH  BULBS  are  supplied  only  in  the 
first  quality  at  the  lowest  possib'e  prices.  Lovers  of  ALPINE 
PLANTS  can  now  have  all  their  wants  satisfied,  as  Wm. 
Gordon  has  a  Resident  Collector  in  the  Alps.  First-class 
Certificate  awarded  this  season  for  neiv  Tree  PtEOnies.  For 
all  equally  low  in  price,  apply  I 


WM.  GORDON.  The  Nu 


.  Twickenham,  Middle: 


E     WILSON    SERPELL,     Nurseryman, 
•     &c.,  Plymouih,  begs  to  offer  the  following  Shrubs,  &c  , 
all  well. rooted  stuff;  earlv  01  ders  solicited  :  — 
CRYPTOMERIA  ELEGANS,  handsome  stufl^,  3  to  4  fee', 

181.  pe»  dozen. 
PICEA  NOBILIS,  12  to  24  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 
planted, 12s.  to  24J.  per  dozen. 
YEWS,  Irish,  well  furnished,  3  to  4  feet,  i8i.  per  dozen. 
PINUS  INSIGNIS.  2  to  3  feet,  18s.  per  dozen. 
MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaved,  in  pots,  well  established, 
9?.  per  dozen. 

Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited),  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c,,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
jnt  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 


applic 


preparation,  and 


EARLY      PEAS      FOR      SEED. 
PRIZE  TAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST, 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 

All  harvested  without  rain. 

Price  SQS.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upwards.     Apply, 

C.  RANDELL,  Chadbury,  near  Evesham. 

NOW  READY,  for  Immediate  Delivery, 
selected  Imported  Clumps  LILY  OF  THE  VAI.LEV, 
DIELYTRiV  SPECTABILIS,  and  SPIR.'EA  (Hoteia) 
JAPONICA,  also  Single  Crowns  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY, 
and  all  Bulbs  of  best  qality  and  carriage  free. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  (No.  303)  sent  on  application. 
lAMES   DICKSON   and    SONS,    108,   Eistgate   Mreet, 
Chester. 

BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, is.  per  dozen  plants,  rar.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac  ;  New  York,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  red 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay,  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  ^s.  id.  per  dozen  plants,  7r.  id. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
CuUivation.    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and    PRIM- 
ROSES, iMd.,  free. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,   Finder,  Kingskerswell,  Devonshire. 

Giants,  Kings,  Queens,  and  Emperors. 

THE    MONSTERS   among   DAFFODILS. 
"Extraordinary  fine  specimens  from  Ireland.      Veritable 
Giants." — Vide  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  25,  1885. 

Six  big  weighty  Bulb?,  for  present  planting,  post-free,  or. 
Two  of  each,  ^^s.  6^.— viz.,  Horsfield's  King,  Backhouse's 
Emperor  and  Empress,  Pickstone's  Big  Welshman  Trumpet 
Maxinms,andHariland'sGoIdcaDras;OD.  Theabove,  withacopy 
of  *■  Hartland's  Original  Little  Book  for  1885,"  post-free,  with 
orders  above  loj.  6c^.— W.  B.WLOR  HARTLAND,  Special 
DafTodil  Grower,  Seed  Warehouse,  24.  Patrick  Street,  Cotk. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  sind  Florists. 

DUTCH   BULl)3— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  np  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI.-This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Late 
White  Broccoli  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  lu  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See  fol- 
lowing extract  :- 

From  the  Garaeners'  Chronicle  ami  Agricultural  Gnzeiie, 
London  :—"  Monster  Broccoli.— A  few  days  since,  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  of  The  Cocmbe.  Ptnzince,  who  has  b;en  a  Eroca  Ii 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  cei.tury,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Brcccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Northern  Maikets,  cut  two  monster  Brocccli,  which  together 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  ih::  smelting-hou5e  had  to 
be  tailed  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the  weight  of  the  pUnt*;.' 

Retail  ptice,  zj.  dd.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
Trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSijN  SERPELL,  21,  Corawall  Street,  Plymouth. 


548 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBER   31,    18 


FRUIT,  FRUIT,  FRUIT, 

SEE    NEW   CATALOGUE. 
A  PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

X\.  -All  the  finest  varieties.-Pyramids,  91.  and  i.s,  per 
dozen  ;  Standards,  .21.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained, 
i5r.  and  rSy  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS.— Black,  Red.  White,  i2J.  psr  100,  si.  and 
2J.  iid  per  dozen.  xr      i.       v. 

RASPBERRIES,  in  vaiiety,  12J.  per  los  ;  Northumber- 
land Fillbasl<et,  6j,  per  100. 

GOOSEBERRIES.  15^-  and  201.  per  ico,  ts.  td.  and  3t. 

STRAWBERRIES.— All  the  most  reliable  cruppers.  Strong 
runneis,  is.dd.  per  100;  102^-''":''  pots,  toj.  per  too; 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  forcing  25J  per  too  ;  Laxton  s 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  The  tl:aptain,  is.  per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 


Siec 


'  iVV 


ttlosu 


The  linen  H.P.  varieties,  65  per  dozen,  40s.  per  100. 
Tea-scented  and  Noisettes.  151.  per  dozen  ;  lool.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses.  6f.  per  dozen,                        o        ^          j 
Climbing  varieties.  f.5r  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c..  6s.  p  doz. 
The  above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 
n  .wer  much  better  than    Roses  gro,vn   in  a  good  climate 
and  rich  soil.  


FOREST'  TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  atid  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS. 
EHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue.      


OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIE.S,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c. ;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinsle  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  o( 
colours;  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  g./.  per  dozen.  ,i.  and  51.  per  100.  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABI^, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMPACTA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  ri.  6i.  per  dozen,  Ss.  psr  10=  ; 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring-flowering  Plants  for  17s-  otf., 

TULIPS," variouV  colours.  51-  Pe'  too;  CROCUS,  is.  6^-. 
and  21  oer  101:  SNOWDROPS,  2J.  td.  per  loo ; 
BORDER  HVACINTHS.  16!.  per  too;  NARCIS- 
SUS. 5S.  per  100  ;  500  as.orted  Spring  Bulbs  for  12J., 

HEPATrCAs!"Bliie  ani  Red;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulthur.  35.  6/.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON.OIdfield  Nmsery.  Altrinchanv 

BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,  PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.-Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 

or  ciiden  blo'^m.  named.  5s.  per  dozen 
SPLENDID    PHLOXES,  PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  vaiielies,  3J.  6d.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.— The  most  showy 

sorts,  ^s   per  dozen,  21s,  per  100, 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.— Good  exhibition  sorts, 

ts.   per   dozen  plants  ;    fine   Clove  and  Border    Self 

varieties,  4J.  per  dozen— all  from  layers. 
LILIES.— Candidum.  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  33.  perdoz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altnncham. 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

UNERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,   is.   6d.  per  doztn,  from  stores, 


c 


*nfin 


BOUVARDIAS,    TREE    CARNATIONS,    DEUTZIA 

GRACILIS,— In  pots  for  early  blooming,  6j.,  9s., 

and  I2r.  per  dozen. 
SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  DIELVTRA  SPECTABILIS.- 

Fine  clumps,  51.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,   mollis,  pontica,  or    indica.   all   with 

buds,  for  forcing,  i8s.,  24s..  and  3r)S.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c  

WM.  CLIBRAN  k  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  2s.  6d.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES.    HAVANT.    HAMPSHIRE. 


7""^!^ 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  MushroomSpawn 

per  bushel  of  14  cakes  5J. 
^Vr  Cake,  6,/.  ;  per  cake,  free  by 
Farcel  Post.  u. 
r  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 
'-::  X  "^^A^  Nureerles, 

'"'■'    '^-'^'  Uooer  HoUoway.  London,  N. 


DANIELS' 
CHOICE  FLOWER-ROOTS 


w 


E    offer   an    immense    assortment    of 

Choice  Flower  Roots,  including  all  the  finest  and 
best  varieties  ol  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  NARCISSI, 
LILIES.  GLADIOLI,  CROCUS,  IRISES,  ANEMO- 
NES, &c.,  all  at  the  most  moderate  puces. 

DANIELS'     FLOWER-ROOTS. 

In  Collections— Carriage  Free. 
FOE     OUTDOOR     DECORATION. 

No.  I.  Containing  1573  Selected  Roots      ..  . .  ^z     2     o 


FOR  GREEHHOUSE  OR  CONSERVATORY. 

No.  5.  Containing    968  Selected  Roots      ..         ..ii4    4 
,,6  ,,  696        ,,  3     3 


FOR    POTS.    WINDOW-BOXES,    &C. 

No.  10.  Contaiuing  771  Selected  Rools      ..         ...^2    2    o 

.,  ;■     ..     376    ::  i,;  6 

These  collections  are  carefully  arranged,  and  are  made 
up  from  sound  picked  roots  oi.ly ;  will  b;  found  the  cheapest 
and  best  aisoitments  ever  offered 

Beautifully  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Choice  Flower- 
Roots.  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberry  Plants,   &c.,  free  on 
application. 
DWARF  ROSES.  Hybrid  Perpetual,  in  splendid  variety, 

fine  plants,  per  doz.,  ics.  t>d.  ;  per  loo,  63^.  Carriage  free. 


DANIELS    BROS., 

BULB    MERCHA.VrS    and   NURSERYMEN, 
NORWICH. 


CLEMATIS 

JACKMANNI    ALBA    (Noble). 

"  The  hardy  flowering  plant  ot  the  season."      "  Certi- 
ficated unanimously." 

(See  Gardeners  Chronicle,  July  28,  1883.) 

Nmii  being  sent  out  at  71.  6d.  and  10s.  6/.  eacA. 
Cash  or  reference. 


CHARLES     NOBLE,     BAGSHOT 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  a  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  fuUy  described. 

THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


/'.gx'^^WCKS.OOi'''     J,.^ 


/(iilifstcr 


yOREST,  IFRUIT 


*i    ALL    OTHER 

TTREES  a  IPLANIS- 


.oS^|^e^ci^^^<^^^^\c 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


Autumn   and   Winter-flowering  Plants. 

B,  s,  wCliams 

Begs  to  announce  that  in  consequence  of  the  hot  summer 
his  stock  of  the  above  is  remarkably  fine  this  year,  and  well 
set  for  flower.     Early  Orders  are  solicited  for  the  following, 
which  are  now  ready  for  delivery  :   - 
AZALEA  INDICA.  in  variety. 

,.     MOLLIS,  seedlines  and  named  sorts. 
BOUVARDIAS,  leading  kinds. 
CAMELLIAS,  leading  kinds.         [GIGANTEUM. 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  and  C   PERSICUM 
DEUTZIA  CRENATA  FLORE-PLENO. 

,.    GRACILIS. 
EPACRIS.  leading  kinds. 
ERICAS,  leading  kinds. 
GUELDRES  ROSES. 

HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      GRANDI- 
KALMIAS.  [FLORA. 

LILACS,  Chas.  X..  and  other  leading  sorts. 
PRIMULAS  SINENSIS  ALBA-PLENA. 

..     double,  leading  kinds. 
RHODODENDRONS,  of  sorts. 
SOLANUMS.  Williams'  hybrid. 
STAPHVLEA  COLCHICA. 

GRAPE         VINES. 

Orders  are  now  being  executed  for  Vines.  The  canes  both  for 

fruitiiig  and  planting  are  this  year  remarkably  fine. 

For  complete  List  and  Prices,  see 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE, 

which  can  be  had  Gratis  and  Post  free  on  application. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,   LONDON,  N. 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 

HUGH_LOWJ   CO. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  gr,  121  ,  i8j  ,  211  .  per  doien  ; 
AZALEA  INDICA  ALBA,  i8r.  per  dozen;  AZALEA  IM- 
DICA,  in  variety  iSj.,  345.,  30;..  6oi.,  per  dozen;  AZALEA, 
Fielder's  White,  iSs.,  24s.,  per  dozen  ;  ACACIA  ARMATA, 
I2S,  18!,  per  dozen;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  181.,  24r., 
per  dozen  ;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  42s.  per  dozen  ; 
BOUV.ARDIAS.  in  flower  and  bud,  in  variety,  15!,  181.,  per 
dozen;  CAMELLIAS,  in  bud.  24s-,  30J.,  60s.,  rer  dozen  ;  CAR- 
NATION. Tree,  i&s  .24J..perdozen  ;  CHOIsVATERNATA, 
spring  flowering  White  Hawthorn,  scented,  9!.,  izr..  per  dozen  ; 
CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  12X  ,  .8r.,  per  dozen  :  CYCLAMEN, 
peisicum  and  giganteum.  rij. ,  iSi. ,  301. ,  per  dozen  ;  CORVPHA 
AUSTKALIS.  12s..  .81.,  per  dozen;  CROIONS,  181..  24... 
per  dozen;  DRACIiNA  CONGESM,  18s.  tier  dozen; 
DRAC/ENA  RUBRA,  i8j.  per  dozen:  DRAC.E><A  INDI- 
VISA  24!.  per  dozen;  DRAC/EMA  TKRMINALIS.  is. 
perdizen;    DRAC.IiCJA.   in   variety,    .8j  ,    3«.   per   dozen  ; 

^.,.^T,,.-      ...      \Z.s.,   per  dozen  :  LRII.-A  CAr- 

en;  ERICA  COLORANS.  lai., 
ERICA  HYKMALIS.  121.,  18s..  24J  ,  per 
dozen';  ERICA  MELANTHERA,  izs.,  i8s.,  3"..  per  dozen; 
ERICAS,  in  variety,  12s.,  i8<.,  per  dozen;  tRICAS,  haid- 
wooded,  rzj.,  iSs  ,  42^.,  Cot.,  per  dozin  ;  EPACKIS,  9!  ,  I2j., 
i8j..  per  dozen  ;  FICUS  ELASTICUS,  30J.  per  dozen  ; 
FERNS,  m  variety,  in  48s.  91.,  121.  i8t  ,  per  dozen; 
GENISTAS,  121..  185,  per  dozen;  GARDENIA  RADI- 
CANS  I2J.,  161.,  per  dozen;  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA, 
e;^nd,3oi,  4ZJ.,  6or..  P'r  dozen;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS. 
T21  i!er  dozen;  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  fifty  vaiieties, 
I2J  24r  .perdozen:GREVIIXEAROBUSTA.  9s,  121,18!., 
per'dozen;  JASMINUM  GRANDIFLORUM,  well  budded. 
iSi  211  .  per  dozen  ;  JASMINUM  GRACILLIMUM,  extra 
fine.' i8s.;  30s.,  6or.,  per  dozen;  LATANIA  BORBOVICA. 
fioe'stout  plants,  24!.,  30s..  per  dozen;  LO.MARIA  GIBBA, 
izs  ,8s  ,  per  dozen  ;  KENTIAS,  in  variety,  3)1.,  4"-  P" 
dozen;  LAURUSTINUS,  French,  white,  in  bud.  i8j.,  301, 
601  per  dozen  :  OTAHEITE  ORANGES,  in  fruit,  4ZJ.,  per 
dozen;  PALMS,  in  vari.ty.  in  small  pors.  60s.  per  too  : 
PHCENIX  RECLIN.ATA,  30s  per  dozen;  RHODODEN- 
DRONS. Princess  Roval.&c.  18s., 301.,  601,755.,  841..  perdoz  ; 
PTYCHOSPERMA  ALEX.ANDk/E,  i8s.  per  dozen:  SEA- 
FORTHIA  ELEGAN3.  18s  .  30!  ,  per  dozen  ;  SOL.ANUMS, 
in  beiry.gt..  I2S..  18s.,  per  dozen.      ,        ,       ,        ,      .  .     . 

All  the  above  can   be  supplied  by  the  hundred,   and  the 
maiority  bv  the  thousand.      Inspection  invited. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPEOIALTy.  -  The  stock  : 

Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  s^iei 

easv  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

Three  span-ioofed  houses  of  PHAL.ENOPSI  -i  in  vaiiety. 

The  Glass  Stiuctures  cover  an  area  of  246.000  super,  feet. 
Clapton  Nursery.  London,  K.  


the  Claptoi 


TURNIPS 


We  a 


CABBAGE. 

a  a  position  to  make  very  low  prices  for  the  aboi 
all  grown  from  our  own  select  stocks. 


HOWCBOFT    &    -WATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seed.smen, 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN.  LONDON,  W,C. 


PRIZE    COB,    FILBERT, 

AND    OTHER    FKUIT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  intending  to  make  Plantations  should  apply  for 

CA  TALOGUE  and  PAMPHLETS 

on  Hirto  to  Make  Land  Pay.  and  Hmu  to  Plant  and  Prune,  to 
Mr.  COOPER,  F.E.H.S.   Galoot  Gardens,  Keaaing. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


549 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

GROWN  BY 

W  M.     R  I  S  L  E  Y,    Maritzburg,    Natal 

(ihe  Orieinal  Grower). 

There  ate  a  few  Cases  of  these  magnificent  Bulbs  still  unsold, 
quite  equal  in  every  respect  to  any  yet  delivered.  Some  of  them 
weigh  %  lb.,  and  measure  2j^  inches  in  diameter. 

Intending  buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early  application  to 
the  undersigned.     Quotations  very  low.    Terms  nett  cash. 


WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street,  EC. 

Cash  Prices. 

GRAPE  VINES,  FIGS,  PEACHES,  &c., 
in  Pets  ;  excellent,  well-ripened  trees  for  immediate 
fruitine.  A  large  stock  of  very  fine  dwarf-lrained  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES, and  APRICOTS,  with  fibrous  roots.  StA- 
KALE  for  Forcing.  The  choicest  ROSES.  Nett  P.ice  List 
on  application. 
WILL  TAVLER,  Osbom  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

New  Hardy  Femettyas. 
T.  DAVIS'S  Descriptive  LIST  of  these, 

at  Reduced   Prices,  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on 
Ogle'b  Grove  Nursery,  Hillsborough,  Co.  Down. 


L, 


TO  THE  TRADE  and  LARGE  GROWERS. 


FOR    SALE—  VIOLETS, 
MARIE    LOUISE. 

Extra  Strong  Clumps.    Full  of  Flower  and  Bud. 

Price  per  100  or  1000  on  application  to 

JOHN     ROBERTS, 

THE    GARDENS,    TAN-YBWLCH,    N.     WALES. 

SEAKALE,   for    Forcing,   superior    selected 
Crowns.     Price  on  application,  and  samples  forwarded  if 


required. 

ALFRED    ATWOOD,    M 
Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


application,  and  samples  1 

Gardener,    sr,   Shil'ington 


LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS, 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted. 
Sample  of  Plants.  3./.       Price  LIST  free. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON. 
'         Strawberry    Growers.     Driffield. 

ANTED,  OFFe1<S  for  a  capital   lot   of 

CROTONS.   DRAC/ENAS,  and-  PANDANUSES, 
ranging  in  size  from  Half  Specimens  to  Table  Plants. 
Address,  HEAD  GARDENER,  Marston  Gardens,  Frome. 


Now  Ready,  in  Crown  Octavo,  Price  is.;    Posl-lree,  \s.  3^., 

THE    HORTICULTURAL    DIRECTORY   FDR    1886, 

^E    "HORTICULTURAL   DIRECTORY"   IS  A   COMPLETE    REGISTER  OF  THE  ADDRESSES  OF 

ALL  THE   MOST    IMPORTANT   ESTABLISHMENTS   AND    PERSONS 

Connected    with    Horticulture    in    the    United    Kingdom    and    on    the    Continent. 


IT    IS    ARRANGED    IN    FOURTEEN    SECTIONS,    AND    CONSISTS    OF 

1  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

athin 


in.  County  List  of  the  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
in  Eng'aod  and  Wales. 

IV.  Ditto,  ditto,  in  Scotland. 

V.  Ditto,  ditto,  in  Ireland. 
VI.  Ditto,  ditto,  in  the  Channel  Islands. 

;  of  the    Nurserymen.  Seedsmen,  and 
reat  Biitaia  and  Ireland. 
VIU.  County  Lists  of  the  Seats  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  in 
Great    Britain  and   Ireland,  their    Gardeners,  and 
the  nearest  Poit  Town. 


IX.  Alphabetical    List    of   the   Seats  in  Great    Britain  and 
Ireland,    showing  the  Counties  in  which  they  are 
situated,   iheir  Owners,  and  the  nearest  ^ai7r;';i> 
Staiioi,  and  distance  from  it 
X.  Alphabaical    List    of    the    Gardeners,    and    their    full 
Addres'e<i.  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
XI.    List  of  the  Botaric  Gardens  and  Public  Parks  through- 
out -the    World,    wiih   their   Curatori  and   Super- 
intendents. 
XII.   List  of  Landscape  Gardeners,  Garden  Architects,  and 
Horticultural  Builders  and  Engineers. 
XIII.  List  of  the  Bounical,  Hoiticultural,  and  Floral  Societies 
in  Great   Britain  and   Ireland,  with  their  Nimes 
and  Address  of  their  Secretaries,  including  iho^e 
that  are  in  alliance  with  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society. 
XIV    Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists  on  the  Continent. 


JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE"    OFFICE,    171.   FLEET  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


&  SONS,  THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  GHES 

Solicit   Orders  for  the  Present  Planting-  Season  for 


Jfurseries:  — 
CHESHXJNT. 

HIGH  BEECH. 
IROXBOURNE. 


CATALOGUES 
FREE. 


ROSES, 

FRUIT    TREES, 
EVERGREENS  and  CHOICE  CO\IFER/E, 
HOLUES,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN, 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS, 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

ALL    SPECIALTIES    OF    THESE    CELEBRATED    NURSE! 


B.    S.    VvTILLIAMS' 
EXHIBITION  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

&C.,   «ILL    BE    HELD   IN   THE 

LARGE    WINTER    GARDEN, 

100  feet  by  40  feet,  at  the 

VICTORIA   AND   PARADISE    NURSERIES,    UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N., 

from  NOVEMBER  2  to  21,  from  10 a.m.  to  dusk  daily. 

^nd  the  large  Collection  of  Pitcher  Plants  {Nepenthes,  Sarracenias,  &c.),  are  now  at  their  best — there 
are  many  thousands  of  Pitchers.     They  are  well  worthy  a  visit. 

Admission  Free  to  Patrons  of  tbe  Estabjlshment,  or  on  Presentatloa  of  Carfl. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and   ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  fjr  Sale. 

Thr  IllHslraled  ami  Descrifllm  CA  TALOGUE  of  PR  UrrS 

fost-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 


THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgevvorth,  Herts. 

ORNAMENTAL   PLANTS. 

ICO  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  in  50  distinct  varieties,  includ. 
ing  the  new  golden  Sycamore,  purple  Maple,  purple 
Plum,  purple  Birch,  several  variegated  Acers,  Elms, 
&c.,  4  to  6  feet  high,  for  50J. 

too  ORNAMENTAL  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  in  sodistinct 
varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  151. 

100  ORNAMENTAL  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  in  50  dis- 
tinct varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  40J. 

100  CONIFERS,  ia  ico  distinct  varieties,  from  i  to  3  feet 
high^  for  60J.  _ 

varieties,  for  30J. 


00  DWARF  ROSES,  in  ic 
00  RHODODENDRONS, 

high,  for  looj. 
00  PRIMROSES,  in  30  dis 
All  safely  packed  in  mats  i 

with  order. 


t  hardy  x 


.for 


to  2  feet 


30s. 


npers,  package  free,  (or  cash 


MOERISON  BROTHERS,  Nurseries,  Aberdeen. 
Telegraphic  Address—"  FORBESFIELD,    ABERDEEN. 

CARTERS' 


FOi;  PLANTING   IN    LARGE  MASSES  IN 

SHRUBBERIES,  BEDS  AND  BORDERS. 


HYACINTHS,  Red,  White  and  Blue     160/.  18/.  3/- 

TULIPS,  Double  or  Single,  Mixed           40/.-  4/6  8d. 

NARCISSUS.imxcd  border  varieties         25/-  3/-  6d. 
GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 


/idsca 

GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 


60/-    7/6   \n 


Good  Bulbs    . . 

45/-    5/6    1/- 

Pj 

Narcissus,  Poeticus 

:»- 

Daffodils,  single      .. 

;i7- 

Anemones,  double  . .    4/- 

Crocus,  mixed 

l/H 

Anemones,  single   . .    3/6 

Crocus,  yellow 

liK 

Star  of  Bethlehem  . .    3/6 

Crocus,  blue  . . 

1/K 

Kanunculus,  Persian    2/6 

Crocus,  white 

l/H 

SciUa,  pale  blue      . .    3/6 

Crocus,  striped         .. 

I/K 

SciUa  Siberica        . ,    4/6 

Jonquil,  Campernel 

b/B 

Snowdrops     ..         ..2/6 

All   Parcels   Carriage    Free. 

Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrant   to    H.R.H.  The 

Prince    of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN, 
LONDON. 


The  Grand  New  Narcissus. 

SIR  W    A    T    K    I    N." 

IS.  each,  2IJ.  per  dozen,  1605.  per  100. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.     First-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGU  E  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries.  Chester. 


STRAWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  i,s.  per  loo.     Plants  in  snnall  pot';.  i6s.  per  loo ; 
A\\\n  in  large  pots,  ■z'^s.  per  loo.     Descriptive  LIST  dee. 

"     " ■"  CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  coatalniug  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species 

free  on  application. 


riptive  "  Li: 


V  North  American  Fh 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE.    MANCHESTER. 

SNOWDROPS. 

Bulbs  of  the  DODBLE  and  SINGLE. 

Al.o  extra  large  Bulbs  of  ELWES'  GIANT  SNOWDROP, 
jaree  handsome  fliwer  ;  and  the  new,  large.  IMPERIAL 
SNOWDROP,  a  decided  improvement  iu  size  on  the  old  single 

Flt  lirices  of  above  and  all  varieties  of  Dutch  and  Enelish 
FLOWERING  BULBS  see  our  Wholesale  CATALOGUE, 
free  ^"  application. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 
gEED  AND  BULB  MERCHANTS. 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C, 
Low  rfiFeri  f^r  Inree  qii?ntin>5. 


550 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  31,  1885. 


Excellence   combined 
with  Economy. 


•♦♦♦*♦♦«■♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦*♦*♦♦ 


COLLECTIONS  OF 

The  Finest  Selected 


BULBS. 


For  OUTDOOR  DECORATION. 


Webb,'  Ccliecl 
Webbs'  Colkcl 
Webb  .■Collect 
Webbs'  ColIiCi 
Webb>'  Collecl 
Webbs'  Collecl 
Webbs'  Colkcl 
Webb.'  Coll:cl 


i  2S73  Bulbs 
i  1884  Bulbs 
i  1383  Bulbs 
i"  6Sj  Bulbs 
;    424  Bulbs 


Bulbs 
3ulbs 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs'  Collection  I  < 
Webbs'  Collection  J  c 
Webbs'  Collection  K  t 
Webbs'  Collection  L  c 
Webbs' CoHec  ion  M( 
Webbs'  Collection  N  < 


46t  Bulbs 
26!  Bulbs 
207  Bulbs 
134  Bulbs 
95  Bulbs 
60  Bulbs 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  dic 


Webbs'  Collection  O  < 
Webbs'  Collection  P  c 
Webbs'  Collection  Q  c 
Webbs'  Collection  R  t 
Webbs'  Collection  S  < 
Webbs'  Collection  T  ( 

I 


) 

103.  Bu'bs 
647  Buibi 
457  Bulbs 
255  Bulbs 
163  Bulbs 
127  Bulbs 


SPECIAL.— As  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Sons  are  probably  the  largest  growers 
and  Importers  of  Bulbs  they  are  en- 
abled to  offer  the  flnest  selected  roots 
at  very  low  prices. 


Vv'EBBS' 
COMBINED  COLLECTION 

of  Bulbs  for  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Cultivation. 


PSICE 

21s., 


497 

of  the  finest 

BULBS. 


!  Hyacinths,  bedding,  mi)C( 
)      ,,    Une  named 
)  Narcissus,  double  white 
[      ,,    Poeticus 

1  ,,     Van  Sion 

}  Polyanlhas  Narcissus 
3  Ranunculus,  mixed 

2  Scilla  Siberica'" 

3  Snowdrops 

a  Tulip^:,  double,  mixed 


WEBBS'     BULB     CATALOGUE 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 


All  BULBS  are  Ddwered  Free  by  Post  or  Rail. 
5  per  cent.  Dlsco'jnt  for  Cash. 


THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

WOP1D8LEY,  8T0URBRiD6E 


To  the  Trade. 

SNOWDROPS,   SCILLA  SIBIRICA.— We 
hold  a  veiy  fine  stock  of  these  Bulbs,  and  shall  bs  s'ad  '■•' 
submit  samples  and  P'ices  on  application.       „^.,^                   , 
JAMES    CAkTEi;,   DUNNETT,  and  EEALE,  237    and 
238.  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 

FRUIT  TREES. —Fine  healthy  stock  of 
extra-sized  trees.  Horizontal  and  Dwarf-trained  APPLES 
and  PEARS,  Dwarf-trained  APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 
PLUMS,  and  NECTARINES;  Standard  apd  Pv '»";^f 
PEARSand  PLUMS.  Fruiting  trees,  in  pots,  of  APKl  LUIS. 
PEACHES,    NECTARINES,  and   FIGS.     Price;  on  apph- 


D.  S.  THOMSON  and  SONS.  The  Nurseri 


,  Wimbledon. 


Y 


E    NARCISSUS  or  DAFFODIL;" 

containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Cultijre,  with  Note' 


Roses. 

W      GROVE,  Hereford,  ofifers  choice  and 
•     special   sorts   of    Marie    Baumann.    Lady    Sh 
Charles    Darwin,   I  amarque,    C6  ine 
dozen,  assorted,  4s.  U.  ;  A.  K.  William 
and  White  Baroness,  7J.  6d.  per  dozen. 


6s.  ;  Merveille  de  Lyon 
Trade  or  other  List. 


TEA  ROSES  in  POTS.— Thousands  to 
select  from.  I'he  beautiful  pure  white  Niphetos,  full  of 
buds,  Matechal  Niel,  Gljire  de  Dijon,  and  others  ;  izj  ,  iSs.,  to 
36^.  per  dozen.  .  r.      ■       tj     . 

F.  STREET,  Heatherside  Nurseries.  Famboro  Station,  Hants. 


D 


STRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 
6o's,  for  pottine  on  or  planting  out.     Low  prices  to  the 
Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  application. 
FRANCIS  R.KINGHORN,Nurserymin,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

OUBLE  TUBEROSES,  e.\tra  fine,  2S.  per 

n  •  LILIUM  AURATUM.  spUndid  Roots,  J.t.  and 
6s.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  VALLEY,  Ge.man  Crowns,  5s.  6J  per 
100  •  SPIR-ffi-ii  JAPONICA,  31.  per  dozen;  AZ,\LEAS  and 
CAMELLIAS,  from  181.  per  dozen.  Large  quantities  at 
cheaper  rates.     Tr.3dc  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  CO..  r  and  2,   Fenchurch  Street,  E.C.,  and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

OsYs-ROSES  — ROSES— Splendid 

Plants  of  the  tjlowing  and  other 
pots,  24J.,  3'-'..  3^f  .  M'-i  4"'-  P=r<io 
Gloire  de  Dij  on,  (..heshunt  Hybrid,  . 
Connaught,  Homer,  Isabella  Spiuut,  Madame  Larabard, 
Madame  Willermoz,  Niphetos,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Safrano,  &c.  Our  Roses  ate  well  known  to  be  the 
finest  and  healthiest  ia  the  country.  Complete  LISIS  of 
varieties  in  stock  will  be  sent  on  application. 

TheLIVERPOOLHORTICULTUR.^L CO  (John Cowan). 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Addr  .."«.■..»>    »> 


:-Ma 


s— "COWAN,  LIVERPOOL.' 


D 


OUBLE       AFRICAN       TUBEROSES. 

Splendid  quality,  20J.  per  100.  3t.  6ii.  per  dozen. 

Trade  price  on  application. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


FOR    SALE,   Six   large  CAMELLIAS   and 
Three  large  AZALEAS,  all  first-class  Plants,  and  in  good 


D 


OUBLE     AFRICAN     TUBEROSES.— 

I,  £i  per  ro»  ;  extra  large,  finest 

AMERICAN  PEARL,  ditto,  laj.  per  100,  £s  per  1000. 
LILIUM  AUR.\TU.\1,  cheapest  tor  quality  ever  offered,  28.. 
and  25s  P^r 1 
MORLE . 


,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


CROUX    ET    FILS,  .NURSERYMEN,    ValMe 
d'Auhiay,  a  Chatenay,  Seine.— 50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIAL-TY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  tr.-iined, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1S67,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle  J  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Croix  de  la 
^  1  L<iion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 


CALCEOLARIAS,  Herbaceous,  superb  strain 
of  splendidly  spotted  and  tigered  flowers,  strong  trans- 
planted Plants,  ss.  ft  I.  per  doze.i,  sos.  per  too ;  lareer  size, 
-I.  6d.  per  dozen,  lys.  6d.  per  100.  Anthemis  tinctoria.  splendid 
sulphur  Marguerite,  quite  hardy,  very  free  flowering,  3s.  per 

CRANE  AND  CLARK^   Hillside  Nursery,   Haddenham, 
Cambs.  ' 

PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypba  australis,  Phffi  tix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  AS.  per  dozen,  25s.  per  10 ,; 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  12J.  per  dozen,  less  quantity, 
IS.  -id.  each.  , 

FERNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  Lomaria  Gibba, 
Adimlum     cunealuni    (Maidenhair),    Pteris    tremula,    Pteris 
serulata,  Pteris   serulata  cristata,  Pteris  cretica   albo    lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  201.  per  100,  3!.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true),  6s.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
GARDF'^ER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London.  N. 


Planting  Season 
JOHN     PERKINS    and     SON    offer    the 


following  in  large  quantity, 

web-transplanted  stuff:  — 
ASH.  Common,  2  to  3  and  3  to  4  feet. 
PINE.  Austrian,  ij<  to  2,  and  2  to  2M 
BIRCH,  s%  to  2,  and  2  to  1  feet. 
LARCH   FIRS,  =  10  3,  and  3  to  4  'eet. 
OAKS.  En;;lish,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
SPRUCE  FIRS,  I "4  t0  2,  and  2  to  3  f 
SYCAMORE,  2  t.)  3,  and  3  104  feet. 
H.'iZEL.et0  3.and3t04feet. 
PRUNUS  MVROB')LANA,i}^to2, 
BLACKTHORN,  t  to  2  feet. 
HOLLY.  Gieen,  iK  10  2,  and  2  to  3  fe< 
HORNBEAM,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
LAURELS,  Common,  i5^  to  2,  2  to  3, : 
PRIVET,  Everg.eeo,2t0  3,and  3  to  4 
Y'EW,  Ei.gHjh.  .;!  to  2.  2  to  3.  and  3t 
THORN  QUICK,  fine  transplanted. 


MR,  LAXTON'8 

SEED,   VEGETABLE,   and   FRUIT 
NOVELTIES  and  SPECIALTIES 

FOR  1886. 
Full  particulars  with  Prices  of  the  follow- 
ing, with  other  first-rate  New  and  Distinct 
VEGETABLES,  FRUITS,  &c,  will  shortly 
be  Published,  and  sent  to  the  Trade  for 
quotation  in  their  Catalogues  : — 

VEGETABLES. 

LAXTON'S  "CHARMER,"  a  GR-AND  NEW 

PEA  fixed  in  character,  and  not  all  p^d.  A  large  and  very 
hindsome  podded,  wriukled  seedling,  Irom  William  I.„of 
the  highest  quality  and  fertility.  A  nii't  distinct  Pea,  suit- 
able for  Exhibition,  Market,  or  Table. 

LAXTON'S  "EVOLUTION,"  the  everlasting 

bearer  PEA,  and  the  finest  Exhibition  variety  (see  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle).     Aa  improved  stock. 

LAXTON'S  NEW  "OPEN-AIR"  TOMATO. 

—The  best  and  only  reliable  Tomato  suitable  for  out.of- 
door  growth  in  this  country  (see  Garden,  and  Gardeners' 
Chronicle). 

LAXTON'S  "THE   CZAR,"  NEW  WHITE 

RUNNER  BEAN,  by  far  the  largest  and  beot  Runner  Bean. 
First-class  Certificate,  Shrewsbury,  1885. 

LAXTON'S     "GIRTFORD      GIANT" 

SCARLET  RUNNER  BEAN,  the  finest  and  most  pro- 
lific  Scarlet  Runner.     First-class   Cetificate,   Shrewsbury, 


LAXTON'S  "  UTILITY  "  POTATO.  —A  new 

large,  handsome,  highly  productive,  and  vigorous  seedling 
of  the  best  quality,  and  raised  and  selected  by  T.  LaxtOD 
from  rooD  seedlings  of  market  sorts  as  a  disease-resisting 
winter  Potato,  to  supersede  Champion  and  Magnum 
Bonum.     Good  for  Market,  Table,  and  Exhibition. 

LAXTON'S   "WHITE    HEBRON"    FIRST 

EARLY  POTATO.— A  white-skinned  selection  from  the 
well-known  Pink  Beauty  of  Hebron,  very  flour/,  and 
good  from  July  to  Aoril,  and  unusually  productive 
First-class  Certificate,  Shrewsbury,  1885. 

LAXTON'S  "JOHN  HARRISON"  LONG- 

POD  BEAN,  the  finest  and  best  filled  of  all  the  Longpods. 
First-class  Certificate  from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

LAXTON'S  "SANDY    PRIZE"   ONION.— 

The  best  White  Spanish,  grown  only  from  selected  very 
large  and  sound  bulbs. 


FRUITS. 

LAXTON'S     "  SEPTEMBER     BEAUTY," 

NEW  APPLE,  a  very  handsome  fruit  of  the  richest  flavour, 
and  the  best  mid-season  dessert  Apple  ;  an  "celleiit 
bearer.  First-class  Certificates  from  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tjral  Society,  and  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  October,  1885. 

"DARTMOUTH  CRAB,"  the  largest,  hand- 

so.nest  and  best  of  all  the  Crabs,  and  one  ol  the  most 
beautiful  fruits  in  cultivation,  and  11  eaten  fresh  gathered  is 
equd  to  a  good  eatly  dessert  Apple.  It  13  coated  with  a 
rich  bloom,  and  has  the  appearance  of  an  enlargea  Victoria 
Plum.  An  Amencau  introduction  much  admired,  as  shown 
by  me  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  at  South  Kensington,  and  at 
the  Pear  Conference,  October,  1885. 

"THE  KIEFFER"  PEAR.— The  finest  and 

most  distinct  of  recently  introduced  American  Pears.  Said 
to  have  originated  from  a  cross  of  Williams'  iv.th  the  Chine.se 
Sand  Pear.  

PERPETUAL  CLOVE   PINK,  "Mrs.  SIN- 

KINS-"— Although  a  true  hybrid  between  a  Pmk  an<i  a 
Clove  Carnation,  this  is  the  most  useful  and  remarkable 
hardy  flower  of  the  past  decade,  is  fairly  fertile,  and  I  am 
enab'ed  to  offer  good  seed  which  will  produce  both  true 
Cloves  aid  Pinks,  and  fine  intermediates,  mostly  perpetual 
in  character. 

Eight  First-class  Certificates  have  been  awarded  to  T.  Laxton 
during  the  past  seaso  r  for  New  Fruits  and  Vegetables  includ- 
ing foir  from  the  Royal  Horlicultuial  S;c.ety,  and  one  from  the 
Crystal  Palace.  „      ^     „, 

Liberal  Trade  Terms. 

Th ;  Trade  will  oblige  h  inserting  the  ahjve  in  tluir 


For  prices  and  fu  ther  particulars  apply  to 

THOMAS    LAXTON, 

SEED     AND     NOVELTY     GROWER. 
BEDFORD. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


551 


National  Pear  Conference, 

Royal  Hortictdtural  Society's  Garden, 
Chiswick,  Oct.  20  io  Nov.  4. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 

OCTOBER  17  and  FOLLOWING    WEEKS 

CONTAINS   SPECIAL  ARTICLES   ON 

PEARS     AND     PEAR     CULTURE, 

Contributed  by  the  Leading  Growers  of  the  day, 
and  lihlstraled  with  numerous 

ORIGINAL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  issue  for  October  24  contains  a 

BEPOKT  of  the  EXHIBITION  of  PEAKS 

AT    CHISWICK. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  these  Numbers  are 

the  following  eminent  Pomologlsts  :— 


Messrs.  Backhouie,  York 

R.    Gilbert,    Burl-igh,    North- 

A. F.  Barron,  Chiswick,  Mid- 

amptonshire 

dlesex 

T.     Jones,     Royal     Gardens, 

R.  D.  Bl.ickinore,Teddinstjn, 

Frogmore 

Middlesex 

H.    Lane  &   Sons,    Berkham- 

G.  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  Kent 

stead 

T.  Coamber,  Monmouth 

C.     Lee     &     Son,       Ealing, 

The    Cranston    Nursery    Co  , 

Middlesex 

Hereford 

W.     Miller.     Combe    Abbey, 

A.  Dean,  Bedfont,  Middlesex 

Warwickshire 

M.    Dunn,    Dalkeith,    Midlo- 

Francis    Rivers,     Sawbridze- 

thian 

wotth,  Hens 

Jas,  Dickson,  Che  ter 

C.  p.  Saunders,  Jersey 

t".  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester 

R.  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcest-r 

J.  Douglas,  Ilford,  Essex 

W.     Wildsmilh,       Heckfield, 

W.  Eirley,  Illord,  Essex 

Halts 

S.  F.ird,  Leonardslce.  Sussex 

J.  Veilch  &  Sons.  Fulham 

D.  T.  Fish,  Bury  St  Edmund's 

&c.,    &c. 

Prices^-.  P 

3st-free  ^lid. 

May  be  ordered  of  all   Book 

sellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at 

the  Railway  Bookstalls,  or  obt 

ained  direct  from  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  4'.  Weill 

ngton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HOOPER'S 
TREE    CARNATIONS. 

PRIZES  AT  ALL    THE  SHOWS. 


Plants  In  Bud  or  Bloom 

AI.EG.iTIERE,  scarlet ; 

BOISY,  sulphur-yellow 

C.  A.  HOOPER,  canary-yello.v  edged  cirmioe     : 

HERMINE. white  i 

JEAN  SISLEY,  salmon  and  red  ..         ..     1 

IMRA.rose js.  id.  : 

LE  TRIOMPHE  DE   LYON,  pure  vermilion    1 
MDLLE.  CARLE,  the  best  white        .  ..     : 

PEQUET,  p.ale  rose  u.  6d.  : 

ZOUAVE,  rose,  striped  red  : 

CHATEAUBRIAND,  bright  rose 

MISS  JOLIFFE,  soft  rose  

Twelve  vareities  flowering  plants,  our  selection 
and  4?J.,  according  to  size 
Small  Plants,  ia  6o's,  125.  per  dozen. 


36 
36 
36 

36 
3  6 


Hooper  &  Co. ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


ROSES 


20  Acres  of  grand  plants  in  best  varieties. 
BUSHES,   H.P.,  8r    per  dozen,  ^'- \  p„M«g a„d Cani.sc 

per  100.  (.  JIREE 

STANDARDS,  H.P.,  15J.  P=r  dozen,  1    ,„,  ^ash  wi.h  Order. 

105s.  per  100.  J 

CLEM-A-TIS  (80,000),  sis.  to  54s.  per  dozen. 
ROSES,  in  Pots  (80,000),  15J.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 
VINES  (60C0),  3S.  td.  to  rci.  6d. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruaing,"  in  Pots. 
STRAWBERRIES,  41.  per  100;  Forcing,  151.  t)35i.  per  ico. 
ASPARAGUS.  2s.  6d.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  I2t.  6d.  per  100. 
SEAKALE,  strong  Forcine,  i6j.  per  100. 
EVERGREENS,     CONIFERS,     ONAMENTAL    TREES 

(ot  A.:re-,s). 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  8..  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS,  UNDERWOOD,  &c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptwe  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 


SUPERB 

HYACINTHS, 


|B|s,  it".  ^^^ 


Carefully    Selected  from    the    Principal 
Bulb  Farms  in  Holland. 


SUTTON'S 

C0LLECTI0N8ofHYACINTH8 

POTS  and  GLASSES. 


50  very  choice 
50  very  choice 

jzexlrafinec 
12  choice  sorts 
12  good  sorts 


.  carriage  free 
,  carriage  free 
,  carriage  free 
.  carriage  free 


SUTTON'S 

"SPECIAL," 

EXHIBITORS'COLLECTIONS 


25  Sple-id.J  Hya 
12  Splendid  Hja 


bio 


■The 


firn 


■Mr.  J.  V>.  BussELL,  Gardener  to  Mrs. 
P.  T.  Fe'ham,  Abermariitis  Park. 

"At  the  Bristd  Sp  ing  Show,  in  March  last,  the  Hya- 
cinths we  had  f.o  n  you  were  awaided  a  Silver  Medal  from 
the  Royal  HorticiiUural  Society  for  t!ie  best  twelve  Hya- 
cinths in  the  show."  — Mr.  G-  M»RSH,  Gardener  to  M. 
Dunlop,  Esq-,  St.  Micliaels  Hill  House. 

"  Thj  Hyacinths  supplied  by  Messrs.  Sutton  for  forcing 
both  in  glasses  aid  pot.,  have  been  msgaificent  th^s  year, 
each    one   a    perfect    specimen."'  — ^  Mrs.    Hathbrell, 

Leamington. 

Fo-  fiirthe  ■  particulars  see 

Sutton's  Bulb  Catalogue,  for  1885, 

Containins  Complete  Cultural  lustructlons, 

Grjlis  aiid/ost-/>,-e  on  atplication. 


Seedsmen  b7  Eoyal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  (Jaeea 

and  H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    .31,    18S5. 


ASH-RIDGE     PARK. 

THE  history  of  this  noble  ancJ  dehghtful 
residence  may  commence  here  with  the . 
Princess  Elizabeth,  who  received  a  present  of 
Ashridge  from  her  brother,  Edward  VI.,  and 
waited  here  the  doubtful  course  of  events  dur- 
ing the  reign  of  Mary.  On  her  accession  Eliza- 
beth bestowed  Ashridge  on  one  of  her  deserv- 
ing foltowers,  and  in  the  next  reign  it  was 
granted  to  Sir  Thomas  Egerton,  Lord  EUes- 
mere,  whose  descendant,  the  Duke  of  Bridge- 
water,  executed  those  famous  works  in  the  cut- 
ting of  canals,  which  have  been  commemorated 
in  a  monument  on  the  hill.  By  the  will  of  the 
seventh  Earl  of  Bridgewater,  Lord  Alford  suc- 
ceeded to  Ashridge,  on  condition  of  his  obtain- 
ing a  higher  grade  in  the  peerage  than  that  of 
Earl  within  five  years.  Fate  deprived  him  of 
the  opportunity,  for  he  died  within  a  year,  and 
then  followed  litigation,  with  a  decision  ulti- 
mately against  Lord  Alford's  son,  and  in  favour 
of  his  brother,  the  Hon.  Charles  Henry  Cust. 

I  found  it  a  very  pleasant  walk  of  4  miles 
Irom  the  railway  station  of  Tring  to  the  house. 
At  the  little  village  of  Aldbury,  which  looks 
old,  like  its  name,  you  begin  to  climb  the  chalk 
hill  which  will  presently  bring  you  to  the  high 
level  of  Ashridge  Park,  at  an  altitude  where 
the  noble  park  which  surrounds  the  house 
could  hardly  be  expected  to  produce  any  timber 
but  Beech  if  the  chalk  rock  were  not  pretty  well 
capped  with  good  soil.  Beech  is  the  prevailing 
tree,  and  early  in  July,  when  the  sun  glints 
among  the  graceful  branches  that  overspread 
yon  steep  path,  what  a  lovely  tree  it  is.  I 
steered  for  the  monument  at  the  top  of  the  hill, 
which  passengers  by  the  North-Western  Rail- 
way must  have  seen  high  up  among  the  trees 
opposite  Tring  Station.  At  the  base  of  this 
cominemorative  and  characteristic  tower  is  the 
inscription,  "  In  honour  of  Francis,  3d  Duke 
of  Bridgewater,  Father  of  Inland  Navigation." 
Hard  by  is  a  cottage  with  its  number  on  the 
door  (25),  and  when  I  asked  for  24  and  26  these 
neighbouring  cottages  were  reported  each  a 
mile  distant  in  opposite  directions.  This  is  a 
delightful  site  in  summer,  but  solitary  in  winter, 
when  the  squirrels  are  asleep  and  the  birds 
silent  or  gone  elsewhere.  The  wind  howls  here 
sometimes,  but  the  masses  of  Beech  around 
break  its  fury,  and  the  cottage  is  always  snug, 
though  sometimes  it  tnust  be  solitary.  There 
were  other  visitors  at  the  time  of  my  call,  for 
around  the  tower  is  a  large  level  piece  of  turf 
shaded  with  great  trees,  where  several  parties 
were  encamped  under  the  spreading  branches, 
and  some  festive  vans  lately  laden  with  people 
and  provisions  were  drawn  up  under  the 
thicket. 

The  monument  seems  to  link  the  outer  world 
with  the  great  house.  You  see  it  from  every- 
where, and  the  house,  secluded  as  it  is  amidst 
its  thousand  acres  of  wooded  park,  from  no- 
where, till  you  reach  the  top  of  the  hill,  where  I 
was  told,  "  You  will  see  the  house  from  the 
monument   at  the  end  of  the   avenue;"   and 


552 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1883. 


there  it  lay,  just  if  mile  distant,  a  very 
extensive  pile  with  a  flag  flying  from  the 
tower. 

An  avenue  always  forms  a  grand  approach, 
and  this  is  a  very  first-rate  avenue,  composed  of 
Beech  trees  of  great  size,  and  planted  wide 
apart.  It  passes  first  through  common  land, 
covered  with  Beech,  and  then  through  the  park 
proper,  which  is  fenced  for  deer,  but  in  such  a 
way  that  the  continuity  of  the  open  glade  is 
unbroken  from  tower  to  house,  or  from  house 
to  tower.  I  walked  slowly  through  the  park 
and  avenue,  marking  on  either  hand  much 
interesting  life  to  examine  and  admire — hinds 
with  their  calves,  and  does  with  their  young, 
making  off  among  the  bracken,  or  standing  with 
head  uplifted  facing  and  watching  the  intruder, 
with  squirrels  running  and  hopping  over  the 
turf,  trailing  their  inconsequential  tails,  or  bear- 
ing them  aloft  curling  over  their  backs,  and 
running  up  the  trees  on  taking  the  alarm.  A 
great  herd  of  deer  and  cattle  was  gathered 
about  the  north  front  of  the  house,  where,  not- 
withstanding the -absence  at  the  moment  of  the 
head  gardener,  Mr.  Lowe,  I  found  a  polite 
guide  through  even  the  most  private  grounds 
and  conservatories. 

The  original  conventual  buildings  consisted 
of  a  grand  old  pile,  comprising  church,  cloisters, 
and  residence,  including  Queen  Elizabeth's  bed 
and  two  pairs  of  her  shoes,  which  are  still  pre- 
served with  other  relics  on  the  spot.  But  the 
old  house  was  damaged  by  the  Roundheads  in 
the  Civil  War,  and  was  in  consequence  replaced 
by  another,  built  by  the  seventh  Earl  of  Bridge- 
water,  the  author  of  the  unfortunate  will  which 
has  been  referred  to.  His  house  stands  partly  in 
Bucks,  partly  in  Herts,  and  is  remarkable  for  the 
extent  of  the  ground  it  covers  in  two  counties 
—the  chapel,  great  conservatory,  and  princi- 
pal apartments  being  in  Bucks,  the  stable  and 
offices  in  Herts.  There  is  an  old  riddle,  "  Why 
is  Buckinghamshire  like  an  ox-goad  ? "  the 
answer  being  because  it  runs  into  Oxon  (oxen) 
and  Herts  (hurts).  Earl  Brownlow's  splendid 
house  stands  at  the  very  point  of  penetration. 
It  is  a  very  extensive  building  including  a 
massive  turreted  tower  and  a  tall  and  beautiful 
spire  surmounting  the  chapel,  and  a  varied 
line,  if  I  may  quote  Sir  Bernard  Burke, 
of  "  towers  and  battlements,  arched  doorways, 
muUione  windows,  corbels,  and  machicolations," 
with  a  fine  Gothic  porch  and  a  frontage  from  the 
eastern  angle  to  the  western  point,  more  than 
1000  feet  in  length. 

The  ornamental  gardens  are  on  the  south 
and  east,  so  that  the  various  parts  of  the 
dwelling  communicate  directly  with  the  flower- 
gardens  and  lawns,  and  with  fifty-six  acres  of 
ornamental  shrubberies.  In  fact,  the  grounds 
are  delightful,  and  1  do  not  believe  that  even 
the  landscape  gardening  of  Olympus — that  seat 
and  residence  of  the  gods — could  boast  of  such 
exquisite  turf  and  such  charming  clumps  of 
native  and  imported  shrubs. 

A  greenhouse  and  orangery  are  associated 
with  some  of  the  departments  in  the  eastern 
wing,  and  the  dining-room  opens  into  a  great 
conservatory,  beautifully  constructed  and 
planted,  leading  by  its  opposite  door  into  the 
Eoulh  side  of  the  ante-chapel.  The  chapel 
itself,  with  Gothic  ceiling  and  rich  painted 
windows,  is  very  fine.  But  we  are  here  con- 
cerned with  the  outside  rather  than  the  inside 
of  this  delightful  residence,  and  that  being  so, 
we  must  ascend  the  central  tower  for  the  sake 
of  the  wide  view  of  the  Home  Counties  ;  over 
the  Surrey  hills  to  a  distance  of  forty  miles  ; 
over  Windsor  Forest,  and  great  part  of  Bucks 
north  of  the  Chilterns  ;  and  over  the  counties 
of  Beds  and  Herts  in  the  east  ;  as  far  as  the 
distant  hills  of  Warwickshire  in  the  north-west. 

My  description  of  the  grounds  and  gardens 
must  be  brief.  There  are  twenty-eight  gar* 
(Jeners  devoted  entirely  to  the  ornamental  de- 


partment, to  the  care  of  the  houses,  the  exten- 
sive flower  gardens  and  shrubberies.  These 
gardens  are  admirably  sheltered  by  a  grand 
bank  of  lofty  Limes  on  the  north  side  near  the 
house,  which  is  itself,  from  its  extent,  a  capital 
break-wind.  The  site  is  high,  but  the  shelter 
so  perfect  that  all  kinds  of  shrubs  flourish  on 
the  lawn,  where  clumps,  mainly  composed  of 
Rhododendrons  and  of  good  old  sorts  of  shrubs, 
such  as  Bay,  Box  and  Yew,  with  many  others, 
were  planted  some  time  since  with  such  artful 
arrangement  that  the  general  effect  of  the  shrub- 
bery is  as  natural  as  possible,  though  it  is,  of 
course,  entirely  the  result  of  superior  landscape 
gardening.  The  quality  of  the  soil  is  excellent, 
as  you  may  see  by  the  large  size  and  luxuriance 
of  the  Oaks,  Sweet  Chestnuts,  and  Cedars  of 
Lebanon,  as  well  as  by  the  healthy  and  rapid 
growth  of  two  long  rows  of  Deodar  Cedars, 
which  have  been  planted,  in  recent  years,  in  an 
added  portion  of  the  extensive  grounds  furthest 
from  the  house.  Two  old  Ash  trees  on  the 
lawn  are  the  sole  survivors  of  a  number  of  trees 
of  the  same  kind  from  which  the  place  took  its 
name  of  Ashridge. 

The  principal  flower  garden  covers  the  space 
between  some  of  the  best  rooms  of  the  house 
and  the  Lime  trees  that  have  been  noticed,  and 
in  such  a  position  with  the  dense  mass  of  green 
foliage  in  the  background,  the  beds,  which  are 
numerous,  can  hardly  be  too  gorgeous.  This  is 
called  the  Italian  garden.  The  lesser  and  more 
retired  space  known  as  the  French  garden  is  a 
very  charming  enclosure,  fenced  on  all  sides 
with  banks  of  evergreen  Oaks,  or  walls  covered 
with  creepers  or  trained  shrubs,  including 
Camellias  and  Pomegranates,  with  pale  green 
narrow  leaves.  Trellised  arcades,  festooned 
with  Roses  and  Honeysuckles,  run  round  two 
sides  of  this  garden,  and  another  side  is  bounded 
by  the  stable,  which  was  formerly  a  nunnery,  it 
is  said,  and  which  might  now  be  a  palace, 
having  ornamental  dormer  windows  in  the  roof 
and  a  covered  walk  or  cloister,  formed  by  the 
projection  of  the  upper  part  of  the  building,  and 
running  the  whole  length  of  the  garden.  Some 
of  the  beds  are  edged  with  Box  and  filled  with 
the  accustomed  bedding  plants,  others  are 
filled  with  Clematis  trained  level  with  the 
ground,  and  next  the  cloister  is  a  long  border 
fitted  with  all  sorts  of  things,  more  pleasing 
than  rare.  Maize  and  Marigold — to  name  two 
out  of  twenty— and  hives  of  bees  in  the  middle. 
Passing  through  this  garden,  a  gravel  walk,  having 
a  most  substantial  flint  wall  on  the  right  covered 
thick  with  Ivy,  Virginian  Creeper,  and  Roses, 
leads  to  a  tropical  fernery,  having  the  "  old 
garden,"  which  is  sequestered  and  enclosed,  in 
front  of  it.  Ficus  repens  is  a  good  plant  for 
covering  walls,  but  in  the  fernery  here  it  not 
only  covers  the  walls  with  close  fitting  vegetable 
tapestry,  but  it  hangs  down  gracefully  in  thick 
festoons  from  rods  and  pillars.  The  most 
remarkable  of  the  specimen  plants  in  this  house, 
passing  by  the  Tree  Ferns,  is  Calocasia  odora, 
which  grows  by  the  tank  in  the  centre  with 
leaves  4  feet  long  borne  on  footstalks  8  feet  in 
length.  Another  ornament  in  this  warm  quarter 
belongs  to  the  animated  world,  being  a  trumpet 
bird  brought  by  Lord  Brownlow  from  Jamaica, 
and  I  think  if  it  were  generally  known  what  a 
gentle,  affectionate,  pretty  creature  the  trumpet 
bird  is  it  >vould  be  more  often  seen  in  tropical 
houses.  It  greeted  me  very  kindly,  walking 
close  up  in  a  most  elegant  manner,  and  allow- 
ing me  to  stroke  its  head  and  back  without 
wincing,  and  its  disposition  is  so  good  that  it 
seems  to  have  quite  forgiven  the  macaw  in  the 
cage  hanging  above,  though  that  cruel  bird  with 
the  terrible  bill  caught  it  near  the  bars  one  day 
and  tore  off  its  upper  mandible. 

Among  things  notable  at  Ashridge  are  the 
creepers,  and  on  the  outside  walls  of  the  fernery, 
v/hich  is  not  glass  to  the  ground,  I  noticed  the 
great  leaves  of  an  Aristolochia,  and  the  dainty 
foliage  of  the  variegated  Vine,  besides  small- 


leaved  Ivies  and  other  things.  I  should  have 
said  that  the  conservatory  into  which  the  dining- 
room  opens  is  nobly  furnished  with  suitable 
plants.  Palms,  three  orfour  varieties  of  Passion- 
flower, Bignonia  speciosa,  Cobcea  scandens 
dependent  from  above  ;  and,  among  other 
things,  the  Stantonia  latifolia,  which  was  figured 
in  the  Gardener^  C/nvntc/e  when  in  blossom. 
Both  the  stove  and  the  Orchid-house  contain 
much  that  should  be  reported  if  space  would 
permit,  and  perhaps  it  may  "  show  vilely"  in 
me,  like  Prince  Henry's  taste  for  small  beef, 
that  I  could  not  prevent  the  eye  from  wander- 
ing sometimes,  in  walking  through  these  houses, 
away  from  the  most  rare  and  beautiful  plants  to 
the  draped  walls,  covered  as  they  are  with  the 
Ficus  just  named  and  with  Adiantum  cuneatum 
and  A.  pubescens.  In  spite  of  our  admiration 
of  things  that  are  rare  and  novel,  it  is  pleasing 
to  reflect  that  many  of  the  most  beautiful 
decorative  plants  are  easily  obtained  and  com- 
mon to  all.  H.  E. 


m  mm^t^  mm\^. 


MORMODES  DAYANUM,  n.  sp* 
Once  mote  a  new  Mormodes.  Flowers  equal  to 
those  of  Mormodes  Wendlandi,  ochre-coloured,  with 
red  loDgitudinal  lines  inside  on  the  sepals  and  petals. 
Lip  revolute,  so  that  the  outside  of  both  halves  touch 
one  another.  Its  shape  is  triangular,  with  an  inHexed 
short  apiculus  in  the  middle.  There  is  a  round  exca- 
vation in  front  of  the  apiculus,  and  a  linear  one  at  the 
base.  The  whole  of  the  lip  is  while,  and  of  ivory 
texture.  It  is  distinct  in  the  angle  it  makes  from  its 
neighbours.  The  upper  and  lateral  borders  of  the  lip 
stand  nearly  under  a  right  angle.  The  small  apiculate 
column  is  white  also.  It  is  named  in  honour  of  the 
excellent  Mr.  Day,  who,  when  seeing  the  plant  at 
Mr.  Bull's,  immediately  recognised  its  remarkable 
features.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Catasetum  (Monachanthus)  glaucoglossum, 
«.  typ.i 
A  new  Mexican  Catasetum  (sex  ?).  Who  would 
have  expected  it  ?  What  may  be  the  characters  of 
other  sex?  It  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  W.  Bull. 
One  might  have  thought  of  a  certain  afhoiiy  with 
Catasetum  Russelianum,  but  that  is  a  Monachanthus 
itself.  I  have  a  very  strong  deflexed  peduncle  before  me 
bearingnineascendingflowers,  surpassing  those  of  Cata- 
setum Russelianum,  Lindl.,  but  of  very  strong  texture. 
Sepals  ligulate,  acute,  brown.  Petals  much  larger, 
oblong,  acute,  glaucous  with  rows  of  brown  spots. 
Lip  with  a  depressed  rounded  sac  and  a  triangular 
mouth,  quite  glaucous,  with  some  brown  spots  inside. 
There  are  two  glaucous  transverse  tricrenate  calli  in 
the  interior  and  two  broad  callous  lines  running 
parallel  to  the  point  of  the  lip.  Column  whitish,  with 
purple  longitudinal  lines  under  the  fovea.  H.  G, 
Rchb.  /. 

Cattleya  porphyrophlebia,  k.  kvb.f  Veitch. 

A  new  English  Orchid,  a  hybrid  between  Cattleya 
intermedia  and  superba.  "  The  habit  of  the  plant  is 
dwarf,  resembling  superba.  It  has  four  bulbs  with 
one  leaf,  and  one,  the  last,  is  two*leaved.  Bulbs 
I  to  4  inches  long.  Leaves  i\  to  6  inches  long,  and 
I  to  2  inches  wide.  The  plant  is  only  four  years  old." 
So  much  was  written  by  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  who 
kindly  sent  a  flower.  It  might  be  compared  to  a 
very  large  flower  of  Cattleya  intermedia,  but  has  a 
lip  of  exquisite  beauty.     This  has  the  anterior  lobe 

*  Mormodes  Dayanunt,  n.  sp. — Raceme  paucifloro  ;  floribus 
magnitudine  illorum  Mormodes  Wendlandi,  Rchb.  f.  ;  sepalis 
tepalisque  linearilanceis  ;  labello  explanato  triangulo  cum 
apiculo  in  medio  margine  superiori,  lateribus  reflexis  angulum 
rectum  efficientibus,  apiculo  deflexo,  fovea  impressa  sub- 
rotunda  juxta  apiculum,  linea  impressa  ad  basin  unguis. — 
Sepala  et  tepala  flava  lineis  riibris.  Labellum  album.  H.  G. 
RcJib.  f. 

\  Cataseimn  (Monadututhus\  glaucoglossum,  nov.  typ.— 
Racemo  p!urifloro  'defle.\o),  floribus  ascendentibus  sepalis 
ligulatis  acuiis  ;  tepalis  late  oblongis  acutis,  labello  calceiformi 
ertrorsum  late  depress©  oblongo  rotundato  costato,  antrorsum 
triangulo  acute  concavo,  callis  geminis  abruptis  tricrenatis,  linftis 
antepositis  geminis  crassis  elevatis  apicom  versus  ;  coluirjna 
ectrrosa  androclinio  membranaceo  marginato.  E  Mexico, 
mp.  eel.  mercaior  Londinensis,  W.  Bull.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


OCTOBKR    31,     1085.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


553 


nearly  obcordate,  undulate,  toothletted,  purple,  with 
much  darker  purple  stripes  and  markings  which  is 
very  charming.  The  remainder  of  the  lip,  disc,  and 
side  lobes  are  paler  in  colour.  Disc  whitish  verging 
to  the  lightest  palliJ  sulphur.  Borders  light  purple. 
Mid-line  with  four  purple  lines  and  short  purple  lines 
proceeding  towards  the  angles  on  each  side. 
Column  white,  with  some  purple  dashes.  The  rather 
broad  sepals  and  petals  are  rose  coloured.  There 
would  appear  not  to  be  embarras  de  richesse,  but  de 
pauvreti.  It  may  be  frequently  demanded,  but  will  be 
seldom  obtained,   H^  G,  Rckb,  f. 

Oncidium  octhodes  and  O.  CHRYSORNIS, 
It  is  asserted  at  p.  522,  that  these  two  species 
are  the  same.  My  opinion  is  at  variance  with 
this.  My  eleven  wild  grown  specimens  of  Oncidium 
chrysornis  all  show  lips  of  nearly  the  same  breadth 
both  at  the  base  and  at  the  top,  as  the  width  at  the 
base  is  not  much  greater,  .ind  is  now  and  then  equal 
to  that  of  the  top.  The  callus  has  the  anterior 
and  some  side  lobules  bidentate.  The  column  is 
exceedingly  slender,  and  has  its  wings  cuneate  at 
the  base.  The  zig-zag  twigs  of  the  inflorescence  are 
very  short  and  strong,  quite  resembling  those  of 
Oncidium  pyramidale  and  O.  chrysopyramis. 

What  I  have  seen  of  Oncidium  octhodes  is  much 
thinner  in  its  branches,  and  the  whole  inflorescence  is 
always  much  shorter.  It  is  far  more  decidedly  a 
"  Basilata  "  Oncidium,  the  anterior  part  of  the  lip 
being  considerably  narrower.  The  callus  has  simply 
filiform  or  conical  warts.  The  column  is  far  thicker, 
and  its  wings  are  sessile,  not  cuneate  at  the  base. 

The  *'  pyramidale  "  group  is  very  difficult,  as  in  the 
majority  of  the  Oncidia.  If  some  of  the 
'  English  lovers  of  Orchids  had  time  and  space  to 
sow  some  species,  it  would  be  a  great  boon  for 
scientific  knowledge,  to  learn  something  about  the 
constancy  of  features  by  the  observation  of  large 
numbers.     H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


SOIL    FERTILISERS. 

The  following  is  the  summing  up  of  the  main 
points  in  a  lecture  upon  this  subject  delivered  by  Pro- 
fessor G.  C.  Caldwell,  Ithaca,  New  York,  before  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society: — 

1.  That  if  the  elements  needed  for  the  food  of  the 
gardener's  or  horticulturist's  crops  cannot  be  obtained 
in  sufficient  quantity  from  stable  manure,  or  other 
animal  waste,  ihey  can  be  procured  in  the  trade  in 
unlimited  quantity,  and  in  every  degree  of  availability 
depending  on  different  grades  of  solubility,  and  in  the 
greatest  variety  of  mixtures,  so  as  to  suit  any  whim  or 
fancy  of  crop  or  crop  grower. 

2.  That  profitable  crop-growing  can  be  carried  on, 
for  many  years  at  least,  with  these  commercial  ferti- 
lisers alone. 

3.  That  the  most  evident  distinction  between  stable 
manure  and  commercial  ferlilisers,  and  the  distinction 
upon  which  we  should,  therefore,  naturally  base  an 
explanation  of  the  greater  reliability  of  the  former,  is 
its  large  proportion  of  vegetable  matter,  or  humas- 
forming  material,  of  which  commercial  fertilisers  con* 
taia  practically  none. 

4.  That  soils  contain,  in  a  difficultly  soluble  condi- 
tion,  and  therefore  not  easily  fed  upon  by  the  crops, 
large  supplies  of  all  the  needed  elements  of  plant 
food. 

5.  That  humus,  through  its  decay  in  the  soil,  fur- 
nishes carbonic  acid,  among  other  solvent  agents; 
and  this  carbonic  acid  appears  to  play  an  important 
part  in  the  nourishment  of  crops  by  bringing  the 
native,  insoluble  stock  of  plant  food  within  their  easy 
reach. 

6.  That  even  if  we  add  water-soluble  plant  food  to 
the  soil  it  becomes  largely  insoluble  before  the  crop 
can  feed  upon  it,  or  needs  it  ;  therefore  soluble  plant 
food  added  to  the  soil  in  commercial  fertilisers  needs 
also  the  help  of  the  humus,  finally,  for  its  solution. 

7.  That  plant  food  in  most  animal  and  vegetable 
residues  used  as  manures  costs  much  less  than  in  com- 
mercial manures. 

8.  That,  in  spite  of  the  disadvantages  which,  under 
some  conditions,  attend  the  use  of  commercial  ferti- 
lisers, they  are,  nevertheless,  a  very  important  and 
necessary  help  in  crop  growing. 

9.  That  in  using  these  fertilisers  the  wisest  course 
appears  to  be  to  make  one's  own  mixtures  of  the  raw 
materials,  as  well  for  securing  a  better  manure  as  for 
economy  in  first  cost. 


TORREYA    CALIFORNICA, 

The     Stinking    Cedar,    or    Californian 
Nutmeg. 

This  is  described  as  a  tree  60  to  80  feet  high,  with 
a  trunk  attaining  3  feet  in  diameter,  and  inhabiting 
the  western  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California, 
from  the  Mendocino  Coun'y  to  Zulare  County. 
During  my  visit  to  Calilornia  I  had  not  the  good 
fortune  to  see  a  good  specimen  of  this  most  interest- 
ing tree.  The  only  place  in  which  I  remember  to  have 
met  with  it  was  in  the  gorge  of  the  Yosemite  Valley 
by  the  rocky  stream,  some  miles  below  the  hotels, 
where  it  formed  a  scraggy  tree  20  feet  high,  or  there- 
abouts, growing  interspersed  with  Pinus  contorta  and 
various  deciduous  shrubs.  The  accompanying  is  a. 
copy  of  a  sketch  which  I  made  of  the  best  specimen 
I  could  find,  and  which  represents  anything  but  an  at- 
tractive appearance  (fig.  125).  The  colour  of  the  foliage 
was  bright  green,  and  the  large  green  Plum-Hke  fruits, 
produced  in  abundance,  had  a  very  singular  appear- 
ance.    The  wood  is  described  as  light,  soft,  not  very 


125.— TORREVA    CALIFORNICA. 

,  sketch  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker.) 


strong,  very  close  grained,  compact,  susceptible  of  a 
fine  polish,  and  very  durable  in  contact  with  the  soil. 
It  had  all  the  appearance  of  a  slow  growing  tree,  and 
this  is  its  character  in  cultivation  at  Kew.  The 
genus  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  amongst  Coni- 
frrs,  on  account  of  the  rarity  and  remarkable  distribu- 
tion of  the  few  species  it  is  known  to  contain.  There 
are,  besides  the  Californian,  the  T.  taxifolia,  Arnott 
(Savin  or  Stinking  Cedar  of  Florida),  confined  to 
swamps  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bristol  in  Western 
Florida,  and  very  rare  there  ;  T.  grandis.  Fortune, 
of  North  China  ;  and  T.  nucifera,  Siebald  and  Zuc- 
caiini,  of  Japan,  y.  D.  Hooker. 


Middle  Temple  Chrysanthemums.  —  This 
year  London  will  be  poorer  by  one  attraction,  and 
this  at  a  season  when  such  a  loss  is  most  felt,  by 
the  discontinuance  of  the  pleasant  exhibition  of  the 
Chrysanthemums  in  the  Middle  Temple  Gardens. 
These  plants  have  always  been  well  grown,  and  have 
afforded  considerable  enjoyment  to  many  lovers  of  the 
flowers  in  London  pent.  The  prohibition  is  only 
temporary  probably,  the  well  assorted  collection  re- 
maining still  under  the  charge  of  Mr,  Wright,  the 
gardener. 


VARIETIES    OF    PEARS. 

As  the  present  is  the  time  to  compare  notes, 
perhaps  a  resmnS  of  results,  noticed  from  trees 
growing  in  a  heavy  brick  earth  resting  on  chalk 
in  the  northern  division  of  Suffolk,  will  not  be  an 
unnecessary  harping  on  a  familiar  iheme.  People 
are  too  apt  to  consider  a  subject  threadbare  when 
they  observe  a  good  deal  of  information  in  newspapers 
about  any  one  topic.  The  case  may  be,  however, 
that  the  humble-minded  will  be  intensely  interested 
with  each  week's  quota  of  information,  that  a  few 
unsuspected  facts  will  pierce  the  mail  of  the  stiff- 
necked  dogmatist,  and  that  the  canny  will  have  un- 
questionable evidence  from  the  pens  of  more  than  one 
witness  on  which  to  base  chops,  changes,  and 
additions.  Ardent  cultivators  have  been  so  often 
bitten  in  trying  new  varieties  that  it  is  small  wonder 
their  enthusiasm  dwindles.  A  very  good  pomologist, 
whose  name  you  give  as  one  of  the  contributors  to 
your  **  Pear  numbers,"  once  told  me  that  he  had  been 
made  a  corpus  vile  by  a  nurseryman,  whereon  to 
experiment  with  imported  Pears,  which  he,  the  nur- 
seryman, had  not  even  seen  fruited.  Such  experience, 
attained  a  force  de  peine  et  sueurs,  cannot  but  interest 
even  those  whom  experience  has  made  conceited. 
Therefore,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  your  columns  will 
still  for  some  time  longer  contain  more  or  less  of 
Pear  lore  ;  in  order  that  your  issues  for  this  month 
and  the  neJt  may  be  a  permanent  thesaurus  of  infor- 
mation, worth  any  number  of  scattered  notes  and 
articles. 

The  collection  which  is  to  furnish  the  main  part  of 
these  notes  would  be  considered  a  large  one,  and  con- 
tained trees  trained  in  most  of  the  usual  ways.  Walls 
facing  east,  west,  and  south  were  entirely  devoted  to 
Peais  ;  the  fruit  came  finest  from  the  east  and  south 
walls,  a  fact  which  shows  Mr.  Wildsmith's  dictum  re 
west  walls  not  to  be  universally  true.  The  south 
wall  was  chiefly  devoted  to  what  are  generally 
considered  tender  Pears,  which  for  the  most  part 
were  on  the  Fear  stock.  Varieties  that  were  utter 
failures  owing  to  inferior  quality  were  Tyson,  Mon- 
challard,  Beurres  Six,  Millet,  and  de  Bolwiller, 
Beurre  de  TAssomption  (trained  as  a  cordon),  Octave 
Lachambre,  Mary  Guise,  amd  Walter  Scott.  The 
following  six  late  Pears  were  decidedly  good,  and 
ought  to  be  far  more  widely  grown  : — Iris  Gr^goire, 
Olivier  de  Serres,  Prince  Napoleon,  Duches?e  de  Bor- 
deaux, Nouvelle  Fulvie,  and  Mariette  de  Millepieds. 
Both  Messrs.  Rivers  and  Bunyard  praise  up  Nouvelle 
Fulvie,  but  have  no  mention  of  the  last-named.  Un- 
like Bezi  Mai  and  others,  it  is  a  melting,  very  late 
Pear  of  large  size  and  good  outward  favour,  shrivel- 
ling but  very  little,  if  gathered  late.  The  tree  is  very 
feeble,  but  bears  freely  enough,  and  would  need,  as  it 
deserves,  a  south  wall.  Other  rare  varieties,  among 
them  Madame  Andre  Leroy  and  Catherine  Lambre, 
failed  to  produce  fruit  during  the  six  years  I  had  cog- 
nisance of  this  collection. 

Turning  to  the  west  walls.  The  following  were  set 
down  as  of  little  or  no  value  with  their  then  environ- 
ment :  —  Madame  Loriol  de  Barny,  G^n^ral  de 
Lourmel,  Beurres  Berkmans,  de  Jonghe,  Baltet 
p^re,  and  St.  Michel  Archange.  The  last  four  were 
free  bearers,  but  the  quality  of  the  fruit  was  very 
inferior.  Failures  as  standards  were  Souvenir 
d'Esperen,  General  Todtleben,  Comte  de  Paris, 
White  Doyennd,  and  Naquette.  The  latter  is 
strongly  recommended  in  the  Orchardist^  but  if  Mr 
Scott  supplied  the  right  article  it  was  a  miserable 
little  green  thing,  all  rottenness  within  when  scarcely 
turned  colour.  As  a  market  Pear  it  was  belauded. 
Poor  consumers  !  Good  Pears  in  this  regard  are 
Fertility,  the  old  Croft  Castle,  and  that  luscious  Pear 
Suffolk  Thorn,  which  is  quite  equal  to  Comte  de 
Lamy,  and  a  prodigious  bearer.  Very  good  Pears, 
which  are  not  as  yet  household  words,  were  Doyenni 
Robin,  Princess  Mary,  Nouveau  Poiteau,  Beurr6 
Auguste  Benoist,  Fondante  de  Cuerne,  Brockworth 
Park,  Triomphe  de  Vienne,  Madame  Treyve,  and 
Clapp's  Favourite. 

No  I  is  a  rounded  medium-sized  Pear,  of  most 
delicious  fiavour,  affording  a  succession  of  fruit 
throughout  October  and  November  ;  it  forms  a  prolific 
standard  on  the  Pear  stock.  Nos.  3  and  4  were  on 
Quince  stocks,  and  were  trained  to  a  south  wall. 
Nouveau  Poiteau  is  a  large  fruit,  which,  like  Beurri 
Diel,  soon  has  its  day.  The  same  criticism  applies  to 
No.  S,  but  both  are  such  good  fruits  as  to  deserve 
cultivation.  Marie  Benoist  I  have  always  found  of 
poor  quality,  although  it  is  most  highly  spoken  of 


55+ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885, 


by  many  growers.  Brockworth  Tark  is  described  in 
Mr.  Rivers'  list  as  ripening  in  November.  The 
Brockworlh  I'jik  usually  grown  ripens  with  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  and  comes  to  great  perfection  on  an  east 
wall,  as  also  do  Bonne  Louise,  Fondante  d'Automne, 
Williams'  Bon  Chrdiien,  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Marie 
Louise,  BeurtL-  Diel,  Beurrc  Gififard,  and  Bjuriu 
Clairgeau.  Excellent  vjrielies  fur  bush  or  pyramidal 
growth  on  the  (Juince  are  Emile  J'Heyst,  Helices 
d'Hardenpont,  Pitmaston  Dachess,  and  Andre  Des- 
portes,   C.  A.  M.  C. 


laijisia'    flom^rs. 


THE  fHRYSANTHEMUM. 
These  plants  have  now  been  placed  inside,  and  the 
attention  they  require  up  to  the  time  the  flowers  open 
is  merely  to  keep  them  sufliciently  supplied  with 
manure-water  at  the  roots,  but  it  must  not  be  too 
strong,  and  should  be  gi.ven  at  each  alternate  water- 
ing only.  The  first  traces  of  mildew  should  be 
destroyed  with  flowers  of  sulphur  dusted  over  it.  I 
find  the  best  way  is  to  dust  the  plants  well  before 
they  are  taken  indoors,  and  when  this  is  done  the 
rnildew  does  not  attack  them.  The  specimen  plants 
intended  for  exhibition  must  have  the  flowers  sup- 
ported with  slicks.  Exhibitors  err  on  the  side  of  over 
anxiety  to  get  their  plants  dwarf,  forgetting  that  an 
unnatural  dwarfness  is  as  objectionable  to  tasteful 
people  as  drawn  i:p  plants  with  a  yard  of  stems  at  the 
base  devoid  of  leaves.  Plants  grown  in  the  form  of 
dwarf  bushes,  with  the  least  possible  twisting  of  the 
stems,  and  at  the  same  time  furnished  with  healthy 
green  leaves,  are  the  most  likely  to  hold  a  high  posi- 
tion at  exhibitions.  The  individual  flowers  should  be 
of  large  size,  and  stand  out  boldly  above  the  foliage. 
The  pompon  varieties  require  very  little  in  the  way  of 
slicks  ;  the  main  stems  should  be  tied  out,  and  a  few 
stoutish  iticks  should  be  inserted  in  the  pots,  to  hold 
them  in  their  place.  Most  of  the  tying  and  training 
should  be  done  before  the  flowers  open  ;  if  this  is  lelt 
too  late  the  plants  show  the  effect  of  the  training. 
Large bloomshave  a  considerable  tendency  to  dampolV, 
single  petals  decay,  and  others  speedily  follow  ;  unless 
these  are  removed  as  soon  as  perceived  the  whole 
flower  will  go  to  pieces.  Care  must  be  taken  to  keep 
the  atmosphere  ol  the  house  as  dry  as  possible,  and 
this  is  done  by  avoiding  spilling  any  water  abcut  the 
paths  when  applying  water  to  the  roots  of  the  plants  ; 
a  very  common  error  is  to  fill  the  pots  too  full  when 
watering  them,  so  that  the  water  runs  over  and  evapo- 
rates from  the  outsides  of  the  pots  and  from  the 
6:ages. 

The  Hyaci.nth. 

It  wiil  now  be  time  to  pot  the  nnin  collection  of 
bulbs.  1  pot  each  bulb  separately  in  a  5  or  6  inch 
pot,  using  a  rich  open  compost.  In  potting  leave  the 
crown  of  the  bulbs  only  above  the  surface  of  the  soil. 
Place  a  liltlc  while  sand  under  the  bulbs,  and  a  small 
portion  over  the  crowns.  When  they  are  potted 
plunge  thtm  out-of-doors  in  an  open  place.  I  stand 
the  pots  on  a  bottom  of  ashes  trodden  hard,  and 
cover  the  pots  with  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  This 
material  is  the  cheapest  and  best  for  the  purpose  ;  it 
is  quite  dry,  and  maintains  an  equable  temperature 
round  the  bulbs.  From  the  large  number  of  new 
varieties  introduced  during  the  last  few  years  I  continue 
to  select  some  that  are  improvements.  Instead  of  only 
growing  one  s'raw  or  yellow  coloured  variety,  as  I  did 
for  several  years,  two  more  of  this  colour  have  been 
added  to  our  collection — Bird  of  Paradise  and  King 
of  Yellows.  They  are  distinct  from  each  other,  and 
from  Ida,  the  old  variety  alluded  to.  The  bulbs  of 
King  of  \'elIows  are  not  very  large,  but  when  it  is  in 
fiill  vigour  it  is  the  best  yellow.  Bird  of 
Paradise  is  a  distinct  and  very  tine  variety,  it  has  a 
long  spike  and  well  formed  bells,  but  a  few  of  those 
at  the  top  ol  the  spikes  are  greenish,  which  does  not 
add  to  its  beauly.  Souvenir  de  J.  II.  Veen  I  have 
added  again  this  year,  it  is  the  best  dark  purple-blue 
variety.  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge  greatly  im- 
proves the  pale  blue  section,  and  Grand  Maitre  is 
also  very  distinct,  forming  a  handsome  spike. 
Amongst  red  varieties  we  have  tried  several  new 
kinds  ;  King  of  the  Reds  promised  well,  but  after 
trying  it  last  jear  I  left  it  out,  and  went  back  to 
Vuurbaak  for  the  best  dark  red  or  crimson  ;  this 
variety,  Garibaldi,  Linnceus,   and  Albert  Victor  aie 


the  best  dark  red  varieties.  Fabiola  and  Von  Schiller 
are  the  best  pale  pink  kinds.  Gigantea  forms  an 
immense  spike  in  this  colour,  but  the  bells  are  too 
small  to  be  eftictive.  The  double  varieties  seem  to 
be  at  a  discount,  except  Koh-i-noor,  which  has  semi- 
double  bells  ;  no  others  are  grown  for  exhibition.  I 
always  grow  a  few  of  the  very  best,  such  as  Lord 
Wellington,  lilocksberg,  Garrick,  Laurens  Koster, 
and  ^^an  Speyk. 

Early  Flowering  Tulips. 
These  receive  very  much  the  same  treatment  as 
Hyacinths,  except  that  three  bulbs  are  planted  in  one 
pot.  The  polling  soil  is  the  same.  Those  who 
exhibit  have  to  be  careful  to  grow  a  goodly  number 
of  the  very  best  sorts  only,  and  after  many  years'  care- 
ful selection  recommend  the  following  as  the  belt  to 
grow  in  pots  ;--Fabiol3,  Jooit  van  Vondel,  Joost  van 
Vondel  (while),  Ivelzer  Kroon,  the  best  single  Tulip  ; 
Ophir  d'Or,  Pottebakker,  white  ;  Proserpine,  njeen 
of  the  Violets,  Van  der  Vere,  Vermilion  Brilliant, 
and  Rose  Aplatie. 

Early  Flowering  Gladiolus. 
I  have  grown  a  number  of  these  in  pots  this  year, 
and  found  them  very  useful,  both  as  cut  flowers  and 
for  decorative  purposes.  The  first  of  the  group  is 
G.  Colvillus  albus.  It  is  a  hardy  free  flowering 
variety  of  the  species,  which  can  be  grown  to  flower 
from  April  to  the  end  of  June.  The  varieties  of  G. 
ramosus  are  also  >'ery  beautiful  They  do  not  require 
much  pot-room.  Half-a-dozen  bulbs  may  be  polled 
in  a  6-inch  pot.  As  they  have  been  at  rest  for  some 
time  they  may  be  potted  now,  but  those  I  flowered 
this  year  were  not  polled  until  January.  Some  few 
late  varieiies  were  also  grown  in  pots,  such  as  Gloire 
de  Versailles  and  the  distinct  and  handsome  species, 
G.  Saunder;ii.  The  pots  containing  the  bulbs  should 
be  placed  in  a  cold  frame,  and  be  plunged  in  cocoa- 
nut  fibre  refuse.  They  are  placed  under  the  glass 
lights  to  protect  them  from  too  much  rain.  They 
would  not  be  injured  by  a  little  frost,  that  is,  the 
plunging  material  might  be  frozen,  but  the  frost  ought 
not  to  penetrate  to  the  bulbs. 

The  HoLLViiOCK. 
Last  season  I  determined  to  leave  the  plants  out- 
of-doors  in  the  same  position  in  which  they  flowered. 
The  winter  was  so  mild  that  they  passed  through  it 
without  any  injury  whatever.  It  would  not  be  quite 
sa'c  to  adopt  this  plan  unless  plants  of  the  same 
varieiies  were  grown  in  pots  from  cuttings  struck 
during  the  spring  and  autumn.  Those  plants  thai  have 
been  propagated  in  that  way,  and  are  now  in  small 
pots,  probably  pot-bound,  should  now  be  repotted 
into  4  inch  pots,  which  we  call  small  4S's.  They  may 
be  placed  in  a  cold  frame,  and  will  rtqaire  no  further 
attention  except  to  be  moderately  supplied  with 
water,  and  be  repotted  again  in  March  to  be  planted 
out  in  A^iiii  or  early  in  M  ly.  The  old  plants  must 
also  be  taken  up  now  from  the  open  ground  and  be 
repotted  in  as  small  pots  as  the  roots  can  be  nicely 
got  into.  i-ight  and  n>t  over-rich  soil  should  be 
used  to  pot  with.  It  is  too  late  now  to  put  in  cut- 
tings liken  from  the  old  plants.  They  may  produce 
roots  if  managed  with  great  care,  but  it  is  belter  to 
allow  them  to  remain  on  the  plants  until  the  month  of 
January,  when  they  form  roots  very  freely  in  a  propa- 
gatiug  house.  Any  eyes  or  cuttings  that  were  put  in 
late  in  the  season,  and  have  not  yet  for.-ned  roots, 
may  be  aided  by  a  little  heat,  either  by  placing  them 
in  a  gentle  hotbed  or  a  forcing-house  where  the  heat 
is  not  very  great.  Seedlings  produced  from  seeds 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe  in  September  may  be  pricked  out 
in  boxes,  and  if  covered  with  hand-lights,  or  frame- 
lights,  to  keep  them  growing  during  the  winter,  they 
may  be  planted  out  in  the  spring,  and  will  flower 
strongly  in  September  following.  I  prefer  to  keep 
the  seed  until  the  end  of  May.  The  plants  get  quite 
strong  by  the  end  of  the  season,  if  planted  out  in  July 
where  they  are  to  flower. 

The  Dahlia. 
The  plants  were  sadly  injured  by  frost  towards  the 
end  of  September,  and  no  good  flowers  have  been 
produced  since.  The  ground  is  now  saturated  with 
rain,  and  we  will  be  glad  if  it  is  drier  before  frosts 
come  sufti^ient  to  blacken  them  completely.  Pot- 
roots  may  now  be  stored  under  the  greenhouse  stage, 
or  in  a  vinery  from  which  the  Grapes  have  been  cut. 
The  object  is  to  keep  them  dry — or,  at  least,  compa- 
ratively dry— at   the  roots  until  the  leaves   become 


yellow,  whea  the  stems  may  be  cut  through  an  inch  or 
two  above  the  ground.  A  sure  sign  of  a  revival  of 
the  interest  in  Dahlia  culture  is  the  fact  that  several 
growers  are  taking  to  saving  seeds  to  raise  new  and 
improved  varieties.  The  best  way  to  obtain  a  stock 
of  single  varieiies  is  to  sow  a  packet  of  seeds  early  in 
the  year.  The  produce  will  give  a  plentiful  supply  of 
flowering  plants  the  same  season.  The  ordinary 
show  and  fancy  kinds  may  ht  treated  in  the  same 
way.  The  seed-pods  are  now  ready  to  be  cut  from 
the  plants  ;  cut  them  with  a  portion  of  stem  attached, 
and  hang  them  up  in  a  dry  place  ;  when  the  seed 
turns  brown  pull  the  pods  to  pieces,  and  spread  the 
seeds  out  on  paper  to  dry  thoroughly.  When  the  old 
plants  have  been  quite  killed  by  the  frost  they  should 
be  cut  over,  and  the  tubers  carefully  dug  up. 
S.and  them  with  the  crowni  downward  for  a  day,  to 
allow  the  moisture  to  thoroughly  drain  out  of  the 
hollow  stems.  They  may  then  be  stored  away  in  a 
dry  place  for  the  winter. 

Tulips. 
The  ground  ought  now  to  be  in  preparatioii  to 
plant  out  these  ;  if  it  was  not  dug  or  trenched  before 
the  wet  weather  set  in  it  will  not  answer  to  interfere 
with  the  ground  before  it  is  quite  dry.  The  planting 
out  may  be  done  any  time  during  November  ;  cur 
bulbs  were  not  planted  out  last  season  until  well  into 
December,  and  we  had  a  good  and  early  display. 
Few  growers  will  take  the  pains  to  provide  a  bed  for 
Tulips  as  if  a  permanent  Vine  border  was  intended. 
They  do  well  in  any  rich  garden  soil,  and  in  planting 
them  draw  a  deep  drill,  as  for  Peas.  Press  the  bulbs 
in  firmly  wiih  the  fingers  ;  place  a  pinch  of  dry  while 
sand  over  each  bulb ;  level  in  the  drill,  and  the 
operation  of  planting  is  complete.  It  must  be  done 
in  fine  weather.  When  will  the  Tulip  corae  in  for  its 
fair  share  of  popular  favour.''  It  is  rather  amusing  to 
read  sometimes  of  the  praise  of  flaming  scarlet  Pop- 
pies, while  the  late  flowering  Tulips  with  the  colours 
and  delicate  markings  are  ignored. 

Ocroi;ER  Flowering  Chrysanthemums. 
A  box  of  blooms  cut  from  this  important  sec. ion 
has  been  forwarded  to  us  by  a  correspondent.  They 
comprise  Japanese  and  pompon  varieiies,  some  of 
which  l>egin  to  flo*er  early  in  September,  and  wi'.h  a 
few  that  flower  liter  carry  the  blooming  periol  on  to 
the  time  when  the  ordinary  kinds  are  in  their  full 
blaze  of  beauty.  These  early  flowering  kinds  are 
quite  as  deserving  of  attention  as  the  best  of  the  late 
varieties.  Madam;  C.  Desgrange  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  of  the  Japanese  kinds.  A  bed  of  it  in  the 
Kew  garden?,  near  the  Water  L'ly  house,  was  a  very 
prominent  feature  in  Siptember.  Wilh  a  bloom  of 
this  variety  there  is  also  one  of  G.  Wermig,  said  to  be 
a  yellow  sport  from  it,  and  as  it  doubtless  possesses 
the  same  good  qualities  of  free  blooming  and  good 
habit,  will  be  as  valuable  for  planting  out  in  beds, 
though  not  so  valuable  for  cutting.  Mandaiin  is  a 
most  promising  early  Japanese  variety  ;  it  has  narrow 
slightly  twisted  petals,  creamy-while  in  colour,  shaded 
with  pale  rose  ;  flowers  large  and  full.  Isadore 
Feral,  rosy-lilac,  yelloivish  centre.  Colibri,  a  distinct 
full  flower  of  a  rich  crimson  colour.  The  pompon 
section  is  well  represented  :  — Frederick  Pele,  reddish- 
crimson  ;  Madeline  Davit,  yellow;  I'jecocile,  bright 
yellow,  the  best  of  its  colour  ;  Madame  Piccol,  rosy- 
purple,  a  pleasing  variety  ;  Illustration,  pretty  pale 
pink.  Of  the  smaller  pompon  varieties.  La  Petite 
Marie,  a  charming  variety  wilh  full  pure  white 
flowers,  is  one  of  the  best  ;  Pomponium,  yellow,  with 
a  sulTasion  of  reddish-brown,  a  full  flower;  Petite 
Mignon,  a  pretty  white  variety,  the  outer  petals 
tinged  rose  ;  Surprise,  rose,  while  centre,  a  compact 
flower,  with  the  petals  slightly  fimbriated.  The 
small  flowered  varieties  are  very  useful  as  cut  flowers  ; 
they  ought  to  be  gro*n  out-o.'-doors  freely,  and  a 
number  of  them  should  be  cultivated  in  pots.  Our 
greenhouses  and  conservatories  are  not  too  well 
supplied  with  flowering  plants  during  the  autumn 
months.  They  must  be  cultivated  in  the  same  way  as 
the  later  flowering  kinds,  and  are  best  grown  in  the 
form  of  bushes,  to  be  freely  supplied  with  maLute- 
waler  alter  the  buds  ate  set.  J.  Doir^las, 


A  Ntw  British  Butterfly.  —  The  Rev. 
O.  Piccard,  Cambridge,  has  lately  recorded  the 
capture  of  a  "  Bluelail,"  (Lysaena  argiades),  in 
Dorsetshire.  This  is  a  common  South  European 
species,  but  has  not  before  been  noticed  in  this 
country. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


555 


THE     PEAR. 

The  Psar  has  been  culiivatcd  from  the  remotest 
ages,  and  has  always  been  a  favourite  ftuit,  and 
when  we  consider  that  by  a  judicious  se'eclion 
and  careful  cultivation  a  daily  5u;iply  of  ripe  fruit 
can  be  had  at  ih;  table  for  seven  months  in  succession, 
surely  it  deser.-es  our  special  attention. 

The  Pear  prefers  a  good  loam,  that  inclined  to  be 
stiff  rather  than  otherwise,  and  a  good  depth  of  soil  ; 
should  the  subsoil  b*e  clay  drainage  is  indispensably 
necessary.  In  the  South  of  England  and  in  favour- 
able localities  in  the  Midland  Counties,  fruit  for  the 
months  of  August,  September,  and  October  may  and 
ought  to  be  grown  in  orchards,  either  as  standards, 
pyramids,  or  dwarf  trees  ;  this  gives  the  walls  for  the 
growth  of  the  best  winter  kinds,  which  require 
greater  warmth  to  ripen  them.  Seeing  that  the  Pear 
when  ripe  keeps  but  a  short  time,  those  who  are  pro- 
vided with  a  good  many  kinds  are  the  most  likely  to 
keep  up  a  daily  supply  without  intermission,  and  to 
do  this  (unless  the  establishment  is  large)  small  trees 
are  preferable  to  large  ones,  and  to  enable  one  to  do  so 
nurserymen  keep  a  supply  of  trees  grafted  on  thefjuince 
stock.  If  the  soil  is  suitable  nothing  can  possibly  do 
better  than  trees  so  worked  ;  the  (Quince  beingaslo-.v 
grower  restricts  the  growth  of  the  scion,  and  the 
tree  is  thus  immediately  thrown  into  bearing,  and 
his  is  also  especially  recommended  in  exposed  situa- 
tions where  lofty  trees  would  be  exposed  to  high  winds, 
when  the  autumn  gales  would  shake  the  crop  from 
the  bojghs  and  bruise  the  fruit,  rendering  it  worth- 
less. Where  the  situation  is  sheltered  and  the  soil 
light,  we  prefer  the  free  stock,  but  in  this  case  root- 
pruning  will  al  vays  have  to  be  resorted  to,  to  keep 
the  tree  from  growing  too  rampant  —  root-pruning 
one  side  one  year  and  the  opposite  side  the  year 
following.  Great  injury  is  very  often  caused  to  the 
trees  by  annually  digging  with  spades  and  cutting  off 
the  surface  rjols,  and  thus  encouraging  the  lower 
ones  to  take  the  lead  and  find  their  way  into  the  sub- 
soil. We  hive  found  it  better  to  give  a  coating  of 
halfdeciycd  leaves,  or  anything  to  encourage  surface 
roots,  and  to  leave  the  ground  undug  ;  in  the  case  of 
fruit  tree  borders  one  is  obliged  to  dig  and  crop,  but 
then  it  can,  and  ought  to  be  done  with  foiks,  which 
will  not  cut  the  roots.  Lirge  Pears  should  never  be 
planted  in  orchards  ;  the  sway  of  the  branches  by  the 
wind  breaks  off  the  fruit  before  they  are  ripe  ;  large 
kinds,  such  as  Beurie  Diel,  Prookworth  Park, 
General  Tod.leben,  Ganscl's  Bergamo\  Djyente  du 
Cornice,  Pcuric  Clairgeau,  Doyenne  Uoussoch,  Pit- 
raaston  Duchess,  should  be  planted  on  west  walls  : 
the  last  mentioned  Pear  is  a  chance  seedling,  raised  at 
P.tmaston,  and  certainly  one  of  our  best  autumn  kinds. 
Therefore  plant  orchards  wiih  small  sorts  ;  in  favour- 
able springs  more  fruit  will  set  than  is  desirable,  so 
that  thinning  is  necessary  ;  and  it  often  happens  that 
in  the  case  of  a  very  heavy  crop  the  tree  will  need 
every  encouragement  to  mature  its  fruit.  In  a  case 
of  this  kind  carefully  remove  the  surface  soil,  and  give 
the  tree  a  thorough  soaking  of  semi-liquid  manure 
soon  after  midsummer,  and  return  the  soil,  well 
mulching  the  surface.  This  will  enable  the  tree  to 
carry  its  crop  to  perfect  maturity,  and  is  abetter  way 
than  the  indisciirainate  application  of  manure  in 
winter,  which,  in  the  case  of  a  light  crop  following, 
will  cause  the  trees  to  grow  vigorously — a  most  unde- 
sirable thing — which  will  take  years  to  correct.  The 
Pear  is  usually  trained  horizontally  on  walls,  and 
one  oftentimes  sees  several  kinds  grafted  on  one 
tree.  I  do  not  recommend  this  plan,  because  a 
strong  growing  kind  will  take  the  lead  at  the  expense 
of  its  fellows.  On  all  our  piers  on  the  garden  walls 
here  we  plant  upright  double  cordons,  and  nothing 
can  posaiMy  do  better,  as  every  year  they  yield  a 
quantity  of  fruit,  and  great  variety  to  the  dessert, 

Gatherixg  the  Fruit. 

The  season  of  gathering  commences  with  the  month 
of  August,  and  during  that  and  the  two  following 
months  hardly  a  d\y  passes — certainly  not  a  week  — 
without  some  kind  cr  kinds  being  gathered,  and 
every  one  of  which  ought  to  be  got  before  they  are 
quite  ripe  ;  place  the  hxnd  under  the  fruit,  and  raise 
it  up  to  a  ri^ht  angle,  ard  it  will,  if  getting  towards 
maturity,  part  from  the  shoot  ;  but  even  then  the  finest 
ought  oniy  to  be  gathered  ;  a  few  days  afterwards  the 
remainder  may  be  gathered  and  kept,  plat:ing  them 
apait  in  the  fruit-room.  This  prolongs  the  season  ; 
but  at  last  the  time  comes  for  ih;  general  ingathering 
of  the  winter  kinds  ;  the  last  half  of  Oc'ober  will  be 


early  enough,  and  sometimes,  according  to  the 
weather,  the  first  week  of  November.  As  a  rule, 
late  Pears  are  gatheied  too  soon,  and  weeks  after- 
wards one  hnds  a  stiay  fruit  on  the  tree,  missed  at 
gathering  time,  quite  plump,  while  those  in  the  fruit- 
room  are  either  ripe  or  shrivelling. 

The  I'ruit  room. 
And  this  leads  me  to  speak  of  that  building. 
It  should  have  a  north  aspect,  should  be  built  with 
hollow  walls,  a  double  ceiling,  ventilators  on  the 
roof,  and  shutters  to  keep  the  light  out,  and  a 
regular  temperature,  which  will  possibly  stand  at 
50°  at  first,  but  will  gradually  fall  to  40°.  On  no 
account  carry  any  diseased  fruit  into  the  store-house, 
nor  suffer  any  that  are  decaying  to  remain  there. 
In  the  dull  winter  months,  when  the  various  kinds 
approach.'^naturity,  by  removing  them  into  a  place 
having  a  warmer  temperature  the  flavour  will  be  im- 
proved ;  but  if  it  was  necessary  to  be  careful  ia 
gathering  the  fruit,  it  is  especially  so  in  the  fruit-room, 
as  the  least  thing  will  bruise  them  j  therefore  handle 
them  most  carefully.  One  can  easily  tell  when  the 
fruit  is  ripe  by  pressing  it  at  the  base  of  the  stalk.  If 
the  flesh  gives  way  under  the  pressure  it  is  ready. 


This  article  will  not  he  complete  without  a  list  of  the 
approved  kinds  ;  I  therefore  give  one,  and  confine 
myself  to  those  which  we  grow  successfully  here,  re- 
marking that  the  garden  is  400  feet  above  the  sea- 
level,  rather  exposed,  the  soil  stilTloam  resting  on  marl ; 
and  I  shall,  as  near  as  I  can,  place  them  in  the  order  of 
their  ripening.  Vour  readers  will  remark  that  several 
well-known  names  are  left  out  :  I  have  done  so  pur- 
posely, because  we  have  had  to  discard  them  here. 

A  list  of  ti.'ty  Pears  arranged  in  ih:  order  of  their 
ripening  :— Beacon,  D.iyenr.e-  d'E'.e,  St.  Swithin, 
Citron  des  Carmes,  Beurtc  G.ffard,  Ciapp's  Favourite, 
Jargonelle,  Souvenir  du  Congiei,  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien,  Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Flemish  Beauty,  Doy- 
enne Boussoch,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Seckle, 
Forelle,  Marie  Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Beurie 
Hardy,  Comte  de  Limy,  Beurie  Bosc,  Belle  Julie, 
Thompson's  Beuriii  Diel,  Beurie  Superfln,  Zepherin 
GiiSgoire,  Van  Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc,  British  (Taeen, 
Napoleon,  Passe  Cobnar,  Doyenne  du  Comice, 
Knight's  Monarch,  BeziSt.  Waast,  Winter  Nells,  Glou 
Mor^eau,  Chaumontel,  L'Inconnue,  Marie  Benoist, 
Bergamotte  d'Ksperen,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Jean  de 
Witte,  Olivier  des  Serres,  Pjsse  Crassane,  Btzi  Mai, 
Duchesse  de  Bordeaux,  Ne  Plus  Meurls,  Beurie  de 
Jonghe,  Madame  Millet,  Van  de  Weyer  Bates, 
Doyenne  d'  Alencon,  and  Directeur  Alphand.  The 
last  twenty  we  grow  on  a  south  wall  ;  they  ripen 
belter  and  keep  longer,  and  right  well  will  they  repay 
any  one  for  tht  extra  attention  and  best  situation.  J , 
Rust,  Emigre  Caslle,  Sussex. 


REVERSIBLE  FRAMES. 
Ls  my  first  article  on  the  apiary  I  mentioned  the 
fact  that  lately  some  people,  principally  Americans, 
had  been  reversing  their  frames,  and  in  some  instances 
their  hives,  in  order  to  encourage  the  bees  to  go  into 
the  supers.  I  have  given  thi  matter  a  great  deal  of 
attention  this  summer.  I  always  keep  two  or  three 
hives  on  purpose  to  try  experiments,  and  though  this 
causes  a  little  loss  to  the  pocket  I  am  always  pleased 
with  the  knowledge  thus  gained.  It  is  universally 
known  amongst  bee-keepers  that  occasionally  bees 
will  not  enter  the  supers,  and  will  hang  idly  about  or 
swarm  rather  than  do  so,  and  as  this  is  very  vexing 
when  there  is  plenty  of  honey  about  various  ways 
of  overcoming  the  difticuliy  have  been  tiled.  A  'cute 
man — but  I  am  sure  I  do  not  know  who  the  first  'cute 
man  was— thought  that  as  bees  in  a  state  of  Nature 
or  in  a  straw  hive  store  honey  at  the  top  of  the  comb 
and  brood  at  the  bottom,  that  if  the  hive  or  the  frames 
were  reversed  at  the  proper  lime  the  bees  would 
carry  the  honey  up  above  the  brood  and  into  the 
supers.  Experiments  have  proved  that  this  is  the  case. 
It  has  also  another  advantage.  Ic  has  often  been 
found  that  in  extracting  honey  the  comb  breaks 
because  it  is  not  fastened  at  the  bottom,  but  if  the 
comb  is  reversed  the  bees  fasten  it  all  the  way  round, 


and  the  frame  and  the  comb  form  a  firm  slab,  and  is 
not  at  all  likely  to  break.  Hitherto,  reversible  frames 
have  been  rather  expensive.  I  do  not  say  that  is  the 
fault  of  the  hivemakers.  If  you  want  anything  good 
you  must  give  a  little  more  for  it.  But  to  the 
bees.  I  could  draw  a  plan  here  of  a  frame  I  have 
devised,  which  consists  of  four  pieces  of  wood  only, 
and  which  does  equally  well  whichever  way  up,  but 
I  am  afraid  the  Editor  cannot  spare  me  the  room 
for  it.  It  will  fit  into  any  hive  made  the  orthodo.t 
size,  that  is  14V  by  8^  inches.  The  frame  does  not 
hang  on  the  sides,  but  rests  on  a  little  ledge  I  inch 
high.  This  ledge  is  fastened  to  each  side  of  the  hive 
on  the  floor,  and  allows  the  bees  to  pass  under.  I 
have  no  time  to  make  these  frames  in  numbers  or 
supply  them,  but  if  any  one  wishes  to  possess  and 
make  them  for  himself  I  have  no  objection  to  send  a 
single  sample  for  9</.  to  cover  postage  and  production. 
The  best  time  to  reverse  frames  is  when  hives  are 
ready  for  supering,  but  care  and  judgment  must  be 
exercised,  Agtu-s, 


NOTES     FROM     THE     PEAR- 
GROWING    DISTRICTS. 

{C^yttlinm.i  Jro:n  />.  534.) 

Herts. — In  reply  to  yout  inquiry,  we  believe 
the  annexed  to  be  the  best  sorts  of  Pears  for  this 
district.  The  situation  is  low,  the  soil  is  heavy  and 
moist  : — ^ 


■?E\ 


i  Growi 


,St 


iQui! 


Beurrt*  de  Slerckman; 
Bai-onne  de  Mello 
Ileurr^  Superlin 
Hergamotte  d'Esperei 
Conseiller  dc  la  Cour 
Doyenn^  du  Comice 
Ileurr^  d'.Anjou 
„     B.ichctier 
General  Todtlebsn 
Winter  Nel  s 

W.NG   ONTH1!Pk\R  S' 


lion  Chr.=tien  (WiUu-ims') 
Doyenne  Blanc 
Cdou  iMorfeau 
r.is«Colnnr 
I.o„i,el;unnenfJe.sey 
Iteurr.^deCli.iannlont 
iNjnd.iiite  d'.luu.mne 
l!curr.S  d'.\ni.anlis 
Doyenne  Boussoch 

Twelve  Bbst  Pears  for 

Gralioli  riemiih  Beamy 

Bellissiine  d'HIver  (stewing)  Tliorapson\ 

Marie  Louisa  Beurre  d'Amanlis 
Hacons  Incoinpar.able  .,     H.irdy 

Catillac  (stewing)  losephuic  de  Malines 

Beurri<  Kance  Uiegoire  Eoutdillon 

VK  Paul  iS^  Son,  IVaHham  Cross. 

Worcestershire. — We  find  the  following  Pears 
succeed  in  our  district  on  either  Quince  or  Pear 
stock  :  — 

Doyenne  d'Ete'  Louisa  Bonne  of  Jersey 

Jargonelle  Maiecha!  de  la  Cour 

Souvenir  du  Congr^s  Doyeiuie  du  Cornice 

Williams'  Hon  Clireticn  Bergamotte  d'Espcien 

Albcrtine  Soldat  d'Espei-cn 

Autumn  Bcrgamot  Winter  Nells 

Beurre  d'Amaidis  Zepherin  Cregoire 

,,     Clairgeau  Maie  tjuis^p 

,,     Diel  Olivier  des  Serrcs 

Duchesne  d'Angoulime  Catillac 


0.1  Pe.ir  Stock. 


Oratioli  of  Jersey 
Beurre  d'Aremberg 
Hcisle 

Marie  Louise 
Passe  Colmar 


Swan's  Egg 
Josephine  de  .M.alines 
Uvedalc's  St.  Germain 


Richard Smllh  C^r-  Co.,  Woicestei: 

Yorkshire. — The   undermentioned    varieties  are 
indicated  by  Messrs.   Backhouse   &   Sons,    Voik,    as 
being  those  which  are  most  suited  to  the  climate  of 
that  part  of  the  country  :  — 
SiiT,\ni.l!  TO  lin  Planted  as  Standards  for  OucHAnDS 

Aston  Town  Creen  Chi-el 

Autumn  Bergamot  Ja 


He  Capiaumont 
eniie  d'Ete 
::i  (Backhouse's) 


Red  Doye 
Vicar  of  V 
Bon  Chrel 


The  following  may  also  be  planted  as  standards  on 
warm  soils  :  — Beurie  Diel,  Marie  Louise,  Ciapp's 
Favourite,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Hacon's  Incom- 
parable, Gratioh  of  Jersey. 

Pr  A-  S    FOE    Efl'AMEKS   OR    PYRAMIDS  OS'    PeAE  OR   (^UlNCE 


(llou  Morceau 
Jargonelle 
C.n.tioli  of  Jersey 
lulfs  d'Airoles 
Louise  Bonne  of  Jcr!e 
Foiidai.te  d'Automne 
Madame  Treyvc 
Marie  Louise  d'Uccle 
I'itmjslon  Duchess 
Winter  Nclis 


f,,l,r;.rd't.tJ 
Ciapp's  Favourite 
D  \  enne  Boussoch 

„    du  Comice 
Durandeau 

Hacon'-  Incomparable 
General  Tudlleben 


The    following    are    suitable    for    espaliers   or   pyra- 
mids on  the  Pear  stock,  but  do  not  succeed  on  the 


556 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885, 


Quince  :— Beurre  Superfin,  B.  Bachelier,  B.  Easter, 
Marie  Louise,  Seckle,  Triomphe  de  JodoJgne.  All 
Ihe  foregoing  are  suitable  for  dessert  :  the  following 
are  stewine  Pears  :— Bellissime  d'hiver,  Catillac,  Uve- 
dal's  St.  Germain.  Vicat  of  Wihkfield.  Winter  Franc 
Real. 


MAR^CHAL  NIEL  ROSE. 
In  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle  q\  September  26  I  saw 
a  notice  of  this  splendid  Rose  being  in  bloom  for  the 
third  time  this  year  I  Will  the  gentleman  who  so 
well  manages  this  more-than-once-difficuU-to-bloom- 
Rose,  give  us  less  fortunate  growers  his  system  of 
management  ?  By  so  doing,  I  am  sure  all  lovers  of 
Ihis  charming  Rose  will  thank  him.  The  season 
seems  favourable  for  the  production  of  good  ripe 
Rose  seed.  Will  Fome  kind  raiser  of  seedlings 
publish  in  the  Gatdeneri'  Chronicle  the  best  way  of 
preserving  and  sowing  the  seed,  and  raising  seedlings  ? 
I  sow  a  large  quantity  in  tlie  open  ground,  generally 
in  the  month  of  March,  but  I  seldom  get  more  than 
two  or  three  to  germinate.  John  Hopper. 

New  Seedling  Pedigree  Roses. 
Recently  in  the  Gardeners*  Chronicle  your  excellent 
correspondent,  "  Wild  Rose,"  whose  contributions 
are  always  so  interesting,  lamented  the  paucity  of  new 
Roses.  Since  then  I  have  been  on  a  holiday  trip, 
and  visited  among  the  rest  the  spiritedly  conducted 
nurseries  of  Alexander  Dickson  &  Sons,  at  New- 
townards,  Co.  Down.  I  am  sure  you  and  he  will  be 
pleased  lo  hear  that  one  of  Mr.  Dickson's  sons  has 
taken  to  raising  seedling  Roses,  and  proceeds,  in 
doing  so,  on  the  principle  of  Mr.  Bennett  in 
hybridising  '*  pedigree  "  varieties.  He  has  been  fairly 
successful,  for  out  of  one  thousand  seedlings  at  least 
six  promise  to  be  well  deserving  of  being  sent  out 
and  put  in  commerce.  Appended  is  a  description  of 
this  remarkable  half  dozen  : — 

H.P.,  Earl  of  Diifferin. — Rich  velvety  fiery  crimson  ; 
base  of  petals  beautifully  shaded  with  maroon  ;  flowers 
large  and  of  great  substance  ;  growth  very  vigorous, 
and  a  profuse  flowerer.    This  is  most  highly  perfumed. 

H.P,  Manjiiis  of  Londonderry,  —  Colour  rich 
brilliant  velvety  crimson,  shaded  with  dark  maroon  ; 
petals  large  and  very  smooth  ;  flowers  large,  full,  and 
most  perfect ;  growth  vigorous,  with  very  distinct  dark 
green  foliage. 

L^dy  HeLn  Stewart.  —  Colour  brilliant  carmine  ; 
petals  large  and  very  thick  ;  growth  vigorous,  and 
flowering  in  great  abundance. 

Tea  Afiss  Ethel  Brownlow. — This  is  a  thoroughly 
distinct  Rose,  not  the  least  characteristic  feature  being 
iis  great  lasting  properties.  The  flowers  are  produced 
on  stift"  footstalks,  which  show  them  to  great  perfec- 
tion ;  the  colour  is  difficult  to  describe,  being  a  crushed 
Strawberry  colour.  The  form  resembles  a  Catherine 
Mermet. 

Tei  Lady  Castlereagh. — Flower  of  great  substance  ; 
colour  silvery-pink,  shaded  with  salmon;  growth  vigor- 
ous and  very  proliferous. 

Tea  Mrs.  Hamilton  G?//.— Colour  white,  faintly  edged 
with  pink  ;  petals  smooth  and  beautiful  ;  very  pretty. 

First-class  Certificates  have  been  awarded  to  Earl 
Dufferin  and  Miss  Ethel  Brownlow  at  Dublin,  Glas- 
gow,  and  Edinburgh.   M. 

Pruning  Roses. 
The  following  observations  have  been  contributed 
by  a  French  grower  of  Roses,  and  are  drawn  from 
facts  of  which  he  has  taken  notice  : — I.  If  in  the 
spring  some  Rose  bushes  are  pruned,  and,  on  the 
contrary,  some  others  are  allowed  to  remain  without 
any  suppression  of  the  branches  at  all,  the  latter  will 
come  into  bloom  about  a  fortnight  before  the  others  ; 
their  flowers  will  be  more  numerous,  and  at  the  same 
time  less  beautiful.  2.  If  some  Rose  bushes  are  com- 
pletely pruned,  and  upon  some  others  are  left  only 
some  twigs,  these  latter  will  have  the  same  advance 
in  the  time  of  bloom.  3.  If  two  Rose  bushes  are 
pruned  alike,  one  at  the  end  of  September  and  the 
other  in  February,  the  one  pruned  in  autumn  will 
flower  first.  4.  If,  towards  the  middle  of  September, 
the  branches  of  a  Rose  bush  are  laid  down  horizon- 
tally, and  those  of  another  bush  in  exactly  the  same 
condition  are  left  in  the  natural  position,  and  in  the 
spring  both  be  pruned  alike,  the  one  with  the  branches 
laid  down  will  bloom  first.  5.  In  pruning  Rose 
bushes  before  vegetation  starts,  that  is  to  say,  in 
February,  bloom  on  them  will  be  obtained  in  advance 
of  that  which  will  appear  on  bushes  pruned  later. 
6    Pinching  the  young  shoots,  as  they  start  on  bushes 


after  pruning,  retards  blooming  very  much.  In  this 
case  the  pinching  should  be  done  before  the  flower- 
buds  appear,  or  when  the  young  shoots  have  only 
three  or  four  leaves.    The  Farm, 


PEARS   AND   JUNIPERS. 

An  hereditary  legislator  in  his  place  in  the  House 
of  Peers  on  an  occasion  of  ceremony,  and  the  same 
individual  stalking  stags  in  the  Highlands,  though  one 
and  the  same,  is  very  different  in  appearance,  in 
"habit"  and  in  "habits."  A  Guardsman  in  a 
London  drawing-room  at  one  time,  and  at  another 
in  the  thick  of  the  fight  in  the  Soudan  or  elsewhere, 
presents  similar  diversity.  A  stag-beetle  was  at  one 
time  a  grub,  and  so  we  might  pile  up  illustration 
upon  illustration  if  it  were  necessary.  Our  only 
oV'ject  now  is  to  show  that  the  condition  named 
*'  heteroecismal  " — a  fearful  word,  for  which  we  should 
be  glad  of  a  short  Saxon  equivalent — is  not  so  very 
isolated  and  peculiar  a  phenomenon  as  at  first  sight 


126.  — PODISOMA  JL-M 


A,  General  appeatance  of  tfie  fungus  (slightly  enlarged)  ;  b,  Ir 
process  of  growth  ;  c,  Shows  two  sporidia  ;  D,  Basidium 
with  two  fertile  spicules  and  one  undeveloped  ;  E,  Sporidi.i 
in  course  of  germination,  magnified  460  diameters  ;  f 
Sporidia,  after  Tulasne  iu  Ann.  Sc.  Nat,,  1S54,  p.  193. 


it  appears  to  be,  and  that  at  any  rate  the  strangeness 
of  the  thing  ought  by  no  means  to  prejudice  us. 
When  a  rouotry  bumpkin,  or  even  a  practical  farmer, 
tells  us  that  there  is  a  connection  between  Berberry 
bushes  and  corn  mildew  it  is  not  unnatural 
either  that  little  heed  should  be  paid  to  the  remark, 
or  that  it  should  be  met  with  ridicule — very  wrong, 
no  doubt,  but  inevitable  so  long  as  observations  are 
not  recorded  in  a  form  likely  to  command  attention. 
But  when  a  botanist  not  only  asserts  a  thing  but 
actually  demonstrates  it,  as  it  were,  before  our  eyes, 
then,  indeed,  his  assertions  demand  and  receive  much 
more  respectful  consideration.  De  Bary,  twenty  years 
ago,  set  this  particular  matter  at  rest.  He  sowed,  with 
all  due  precautions,  to  avoid  error  and  fallacy,  the 
spores  (called  teleutospores)  of  the  corn  mildew, 
Puccinia  graminis,  on  the  leaves  of  the  Berberry,  and 
after  a   short  time  the  .^cidium  or  cluster-cup  of  the 


Berberry  was  duly  produced.  Others  have  done  the 
same  thing  since,  and  however  great  may  be  the  uncer- 
tainty in  particular  cases,  there  is  now  no  doubt  what- 
ever of  the  fact  that  "  heteroicism  "  does  occur.  The 
same  plant  growing  parasitically  under  different  con- 
ditions assumes  a  different  form  and  appearance, 
according  to  the  particular  plant  upon  which  it  grows, 
something  as  the  ermine-robed  peer  in  Westminster 
evolves  into  a  tweed-heclad  sportsman  in  the  High- 
lands. Of  course  the  analogy  is  not  complete,  but  if 
it  serve  to  make  matters  comprehensible  it  will 
answer  the  purpose. 

A  good  deal  has  been  written  in  our  own  columns 
upon  this  subject  by  Mr.  Piowright  and  others  (see 
Gardeners''  Chronicle,  October  2S,  1S82,  p.  553), 
and  our  special  object  in  alluding  to  the 
matter  now  is  to  point  out  that  a  relationship  and 
course  of  development  similar  to  that  of  the  Wheat 
mildew  and  Berberry  fungus  above-mentioned  takes 
place  in  the  case  of  the  Pear  ;  perhaps  we  shall  be 
safer  to  say  is  alleged  to  take  place,  for  we  have  not 
ourselves  proved  it,  though  we  are  pretty  well  con- 
vinced of  the  fact  by  the  authority  of  others.  The 
allegation  is  that  the  yellow  slimy  fungus  on  the 
Juniper  (Podisoma  juniperi)  (fig.  126),  becomes, 
when  its  spores  are  transplanted  on  to  the  Pear  or 
Hawthorn,  the  fungus  known  as  Rcestelia  lacerata, 
(fig.  127).  At  the  place  above  cited  Mr.  Piowright 
gives  an  account  of  the  successful  results  of  his  ex- 
periments, which,  however,  are  questioned  by 
others.  We  give  illustrations  of  both  fungi,  that 
our  readers  may  note  the  great  difference  in 
their  appearance.  Similarly  the  dark  orange 
fungus  on  the  Savine  (Podisoma  Sabini)  is  said  to 
produce  the  fungus  known  as  Rcestelia  cancellata 
which  grows  on  Pear  leaves  ;  while  Gymnosporangium 
juniperi  is  said  to  produce  the  form  known  as  Roeslelia 
cornuta. 

We  do  not  care  to  enter  further  into  detail  on  the 
point  just  now.  Some  part  of  the  history  has  been 
proved,  other  portions  are  still  the  subject  of  dispute, 
and  while  some  have  succeeded,  others,  among  whom 
may  be  mentioned  Professor  Farlow,  have  been  less 
fortunate,  though  the  experiments  of  the  latter 
observer,  if  not  conclusive,  at  least  aftord  strong  pre- 
sumptive evidence.  It  will  be  enough  for  us  now 
simply  to  say  to  those  who  intend  to  plant  Pears — 
keep  them  away  from  Juniper  bushes  ! 


EIGHT  DAYS    IN  THE  GARDEN 
OF    ENGLAND. 

^Continued  from  /.   459.). 

Across  Dartmoor  in  the  Rain.  —  Unfor- 
tunately time  did  not  permit  our  visiting  the  gardens 
of  Sir  B.  Wrey,  at  Holne  Chase,  where  there  are 
fine  Araucarias  and  other  trees,  and  equally  unfor- 
tunately for  us  the  morning  ol  the  day  destined  for 
our  longest  tramp  was  more  than  threatening.  From 
distant  Blackator,  a  hilt  to  the  north  of  South  Brent, 
we  saw  shower  after  shower  come  dashing  up  the 
Dart  valley  over  Ashburton  ;  but,  with  a  too  optimist 
faith  in  the  doctrine  that  *'  when  things  are  at  the 
worst  they  will  mend,"  we  burnt  our  boats — i  e.^  we 
sent  our  baggage  on  by  rail  to  Tavistock,  and  starting 
in  a  lucid  interval  we  crossed  the  rubicon— if.,  the 
Dart — at  Holne  Bridge,  so  that  though  it  then  began 
to  pour,  retreat  was  not  to  be  thought  of",  and  we  had 
the  prospect  of  a  good  twenty-mile  tramp  over  Dart- 
moor in  characteristically  "local"  weather.  And 
here  I  may  say  a  word  as  to  Devonshire  distances. 
Measured  along  the  road  as  laid  down  on  the  most 
accurate  of  Ordnance  maps  a  distance  is  one  thing, 
whilst,  were  it  measured  on  a  relief-map  it  would  be 
quite  another.  As  most  Devonshire  roads,  and 
all  those  on  Dartmoor,  are  either  up-hill  or  down- 
hill, it  is  not  a  fair  representation  of  distance 
upon  them  to  state  the  distance  between  the 
tops  of  any  two  hills  as  if  it  were  a  straight  line  ; 
for,  as  Euclid  says,  "  Any  two  sides  of  a  triangle  are 
greater  than  the  third  side."  Hence,  despite  any 
taunts  as  to  the  effects  of  saturated  garments  in 
heightening  one's  ideas  of  distance,  I  am  free  to  main- 
tain, guide-books  notwithstanding,  that  the  main 
road  from  Ashburton  to  Tavistock  is  considerably 
over  20  miles.  At  Holne  Bridge,  five  pointed  arches 
crossed  a  stream,  now  so  dimini-hed  as  not  to  fill  the 
central  channel;  but  the  well  rounded  "pot-holes," 
hollowed  by  pebbles  worked  by  its  eddies,  in  the 
slate  rock  at  either  side,  far  from  the  present- 
water-level,  pointed  to  the  far  greater  volume  of  the 
stream  in  winter.  On  the  previous  afternoon  we  had 
measured  the  stream  as  14  feet  wide  and  5  feet  deep, 
and  its  velocity  at  one-third  of  a  mile  per  hour,  whilst 
abundant  evidence  proved  it  to  be  sometimes  S  feet 
deeper,  and  three  times  as  wide.    It  is  by  overlooking 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


557 


proofs  of  such  a  winter  volume  that  summer  tourists 
are  unable  to  realise  the  power  of  such  streams  as 
those  of  South  Devon  to  move  the  boulders  that  often 
lie,  far  from  iheir  parent  rock,  in  the  lower  reaches  of 
the  river.  Whilst  watching  the  trout  darting  through 
the  amber  stream  as  it  flowed  between  its  dark  grey 
rocky  banks,  and  the  eels  moving  slowly  over 
the  stones,  we  had  also  been  able  to  note  the 
formation  of  stalactites  under  the  limestone  bridge  and 
the  rootcaps  on  the  many  fibres  that  the  Alders  sent 
out  into  the  water,  but  now  the  long  walk  before  us 
and  the  driving  rain  prevented  our  noting  much  of 
Nature  or  of  landscape.  We  did  not,  therefore, 
verify  the  statement  that  Osmunda  grows  wild  near 
New  Bridge,  nor  could  we  stop  long  to  enjoy  this 
part  of  the  Dart  wiih  the  last  view  of  Buckland  and 
Holne  Chase.  Leaving  what  is  perhaps  the  oldest, 
but  certainly  not  the  most  interesting  of  bridges  over 
the  Dart,  and  passing  some  painfully  inharmonious 
modern  architecture,  some  stitT  "collar-work'' 
brought  us  past  that  most  unpretending  roadside  beer- 
house, the  "  Tavistock  A.ms,"  and  on  to  the  bleakest 


occur,  and  we  thought  we  saw  herons'  nests  at  Darts- 
meet,  and  though  in  several  sheltered  nooks,  as  at  the 
same  spot,  there  are  trees,  mostly  Firs,  Dartmoor 
having  a  mean  elevation  of  1500  feet  enjoys  too 
bleak  a  climate  for  Oats  even  to  ripen  with  regularity. 
Being,  however,  mostly  in  enclosures  for  cattle 
pasturage  much  of  the  moor  is  bleak  without  appear- 
ing wild,  whilst  its  "  tors  '*  never  have  the  true  moun- 
tainous character  of  the  peaks  of  the  Lake  district.  As 
we  descended  a  steep  gradient  to  the  point  where  the 
East  Dart  comes  tumbling  down  into  the  West  Dart, 
past  a  clump  of  Firs,  we  traced  on  the  slopes  of  Var- 
Tor  several  '*  hut-circles,"  those  circular  mounds 
with  rows  of  transported  stones  of  doubtful  purpose 
and  of  still  more  doubtful  age.  It  is  easy  to  talk  of 
Druids,  but  if  they  worshipped  in  woods  the  130,000 
acres  of  the  '*  royal  forest  of  Dartmoor  "  would  appa- 
rently ha^  afforded  them  but  little  shelter,  and  in 
this  land  of  granite  any  age  of  rude  civilisation  would 
naturally  be  a  **  stone  age." 

Disappointed  of  an  inn  after  an  eight-mile  walk, 
after  a  wet  al  fresco  luncheon — for  we  were  not  with- 


FlG.  127.— I  T.STELiA  LACERATA  ON  HAWTHORN.   (SEE 


part  of  the  moor,  where  not  even  a  wall  protected  us 
from  the  fury  of  the  gale,  and  our  only  source  of 
comfort  was  in  the  good  quality  of  the  road.  The 
Devii's-bit  Scabious  and  the  Eyebright  occurred  by 
the  roadside,  from  which,  on  either  hand,  the  ground 
was  covered  mainly  by  the  dwarf  Fuize  (Ulex  nanus) 
in  full  blossom,  there  being  a  striking  scarcity  of 
Erica.  Hill  after  hill  of  no  great  steepness  of 
slope,  but  each  crowned  with  a  curious  artificial- 
looking  heap  of  bare  grey  masses  of  granite,  their 
slopes  strewn  with  similar  masses  among  the 
Ling,  or  divided  by  a  monotonous  network  of 
stone  wall,  the  whole  overhung  by  a  cold  and 
cloudy  sky,  gave  the  moor  a  sameness  that  soon 
palled  upon  the  senses.  A  geologist  could  gather 
some  consolation  in  the  fine  specimens  of  granites  in 
the  walls,  in  which,  when  wetted,  the  large  crystals 
of  felspar  are  so  far  better  seen  than  when  they  are 
dry;  Wahlenbergia,  rejoicing  in  the  wet  by  the  side 
of  each  streamlet  that  ran  off  the  moor,  might 
somewhat  cheer  the  botanist,  and  the  archaeologist 
had  to  keep  his  eyes  open  for  hut-circles  or  other 
"  prehistorics  ;  "  but  it  cannot  be  denied  that  in  wind 
and  rain  a  smaller  sample  of  Dartmoor  would  content 
most  people.     Birds  we  saw  none,  though  snipe  do 


out  "  pocket  pistols  " — as  we  ascended  the  hill  above 
Dartsmeet  we  noticed  Cu<!cuta  epithymum  for  the  first 
time,  parasitical  upon  Calluna;  and  here,  too,  we 
first  encountered  evidence  of  that  remarkable  process 
of  "  weathering  "  of  granite  to  which  the  tors  of  the 
moor  and  much  of  the  fertile  soil  of  the  valleys  alike 
owe  their  origin.  In  a  roadside  cutting,  apparently 
in  solid  granite,  in  which  each  crystal  was  separately 
distinguishable,  we  found  that  the  hammer  could 
readily  dig  deeply  into  what  was,  in  fact,  a  mere 
compact  gravel,  extending  from  6  to  8  feet  from  the 
surface.  In  other  similar  pits  this  disintegrated 
granite  formed  regular  cup-shaped  "pipes,"  cutting 
through  the  jointing  of  the  harder  rock  precisely  as 
do  the  clay  pipes  through  the  bedding  of  the  chalk 
or  ragstone  of  south-east  England, 

The  excess  of  moisture  that  occasioned  us  so  much 
discomfort  was  pleasing  to  the  large  black  slugs 
(Arion  aier)  that  were  not  uncommon  on  the  moor, 
and  happening  upon  our  first  patch  of  Sphagnum  we 
found  upon  it  the  lovely  little  pink  cups  of  the  bog 
Pimpernel  (Anagallis  tenella),  a  plant  which,  wiih  its 
congener,  A.  arvensis,  has  been  accidentally  omiited 
from  the  list  of  Devonshire  plants  by  Mr.  Britten  in 
White's  Directory, 


Our  pleasure  in  the  distant  sight  of  the  Piirce- 
town  Convict  Prison,  telling  of  the  near  approach  of 
our  journey's  end,  was  tempered  by  the  long  stieuh 
of  road  reaching  to  a  distant  horizon  that  apparently 
lay  between  us  and  the  "  Saracen's  Head,"  a  halfway 
house  which,  according  to  our  calculations,  we  ought 
already  to  have  reached.  That  hospitable  hostelry, 
however,  renders  itself  doubly  acceptable  by  being 
hidden  at  the  foot  of  so  steep  a  descent  that  even  its 
chimney-smoke  is  not  visible  to  the  way-worn  traveller 
until  he  is  all  but  at  its  door.  After  a  most  welcome 
rest  and  meal,  and  a  glance  through  one  of  the  most 
amusing  of  the  many  amusing  visitors'  books  of  the 
district,  our  way  lay  for  more  than  a  mile  through  the 
fields  tilled  by  the  labour  of  the  Princelown  convicts. 
Considering  what  this  labour  has  effected  between  , 
stone  walls,  and  how  granite  weathers  on  the  hill- 
tops and  Firs  grow  in  the  valleys,  I  could  not  help 
thinking  that  it  might  be  an  experiment  worth  trying 
to  see  if  this  "royal  forest"  might  not  be  made  a 
forest  indeed,  True  it  is  that  the  weird  "  Wistman's 
Wood,"  which  we  had  not  time  to  visit,  has  remained 
for  ages  a  grove  of  Oaks  so  gnarled,  stunted,  and 
lichen  grown  as  to  be  thought  "  uncanny;  "  true  also, 
no  doubt,  that  even  in  a  coniferous  plantation  the 
keen  winds  would  kill  an  outer  belt  of  trees  ;  but 
even  then  the  remainder  might  well  prove  remunera- 
tive not  only  as  timber  but  as  shelter  both  for  cattle 
and  for  arable  land. 

Passing  out  of  sight  of  the  unromantic,  warehouse- 
like  pile  of  buildings  that  constitutes  Her  Majesty's 
prison,  and  descending -towards  the  hamlet  of  Merri- 
vale  Bridge,  we  caught  sight  of  what  may  literally  be 
termed  the  keystone  of  a  most  interesting  assem* 
blage  of  megalithic  remains,  viz.,  a  "long-stone," 
or  slab  of  granite  placed  on  end,  standmg  fully 
12  feet  above  the  ground.  It  is  some  300  yards  from 
the  road  and  double  that  distance  from  the  point  where 
the  Princetown  road  curls  into  sight  towards  the  ex- 
tensive granite  quarries  of  Hessary  Tor.  On  approach- 
ing it  one  cannot  (ail  to  notice  near  at  hand  a  circle, 
some  60  feet  across,  formed  by  more  than  a  dozen 
small  stones  inclined  inwards,  and  from  this  the  eye 
soon  fa'h  upon  a  smaller  circle  or  cairn,  in  the 
cen're  of  which  is  a  hole  for  a  missing  long- 
stone.  These  circles  are  nearer  to  the  road  than 
is  the  long-stone,  but  do  not  seem  definitely 
placed  with  reference  to  it  or  to  the  very  perfect 
stone  avenue  close  by.  This  last  consists  of  two 
double  rows  of  stones,  2  feet  apart,  with  about  50  feet 
between  them,  extending  for  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile,  and  ending  in  small  stone  circles,  near  one  of 
which  is  a  fallen  cromlech.  Tfiere  can  be  little  doubt 
that  these  megalithic  memorials  were  monumental 
rather  than  sacrificial  or  ritualistic,  and  that,  with 
St  mehenge  and  Avebury,  Wayland  Smith's  Forge, 
and  Kit's  Coty-house,  they  are  the  work  of  that  in- 
genious Mongolian  race,  using  polished  stone  imple- 
ments, that  preceded  the  Kelt  with  his  Druidical 
Nature-worship  ;  but,  standing  by  this  long  avenue 
and  these  stone  circles,  I  could  not  help  thinking  that 
Mr.  Roach  Smith  and  that  school  of  antiquarians  who 
turn  for  an  explanation  of  anything  to  the  pages  of 
Vitruvius  or  Pliny,  might  make  out  a  good  case  in 
support  of  a  theory  that  this  was  nothing  but  a  Roman 
arena  where  perchance  "  Brutus  of  Troy  "  held  chariot 
races  like  those  his  great-grandfather  established,  teste 
Virgil,  in  honour  of  Anchises.  Admit  the  theory, 
and  the  spina,  mct,c  and  stand  for  the  editor  spec- 
taciili  could  easily  be  identified. 

{To  6c  conthtucd.^ 


|hii   |ciibaitcous   |oi;(tcii. 


CAMPANULA  PYRAMIDALIS. 
The  merits  of  this  well-known  ornamental  flower 
can  certainly  never  be  overrated,  for  whether  as  a 
hardy,  profuse  bloomer  that  requires  but  a  small 
amount  of  attention,  or  for  beauty  of  individual 
flowers,  it  is  well  worthy  of  being  placed  in  the  first 
rank.  At  no  time,  however,  is  it  so  effective  as 
during  the  autumn  months  when  covered  with  its 
truly  blue  or  white  flowers,  and  which  offer  such  a 
rich  contrast  to  the  then  prevailing  yellow  of  so  many 
of  our  late  flowering  subjects.  The  white  variety  is, 
perhaps,  not  generally  so  tall  as  the  type,  with 
lighter  green,  smaller-sized  leaves.  These  Cam- 
panulas delight  in  a  rich,  deep  loam,  and  abundant, 


558 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  18 


though    not    stagnant    moisture,     and    are    readily 
increased  from  seed  or  by  division. 

Anemone  IIonorine  Joubert 
is  very  efifeclive,  the  large  white  flowers,  fully  2  inches 
across,  being  boine  in  the  richest  profusion  on  stout 
stems  that  often  reach  4  feet  in  height.  This  is  one 
of  the  very  be;t  autumn-flowering  plants  known,  for 
from  August  till  November,  cut  as  you  will,  there  is  a 
succession  of  the  pure  white  and  highly  attractive 
blooms.  It  is  one  of  those  plants  that  should  be  in 
every  collection,  large  or  small  ;  but  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  in  proportion  as  the  soil  in  which 
the  plants  are  growing  is  fertile  or  otherwise,  so  will 
be  the  size  and  production  of  the  flowers.  From  this 
it  must  not,  however,  be  inferred  that  the  plant  is 
dainty  as  regards  choice  of  soil,  for  it  certainly  is  not  ; 
any  good  loam  suiting  it  well,  but  all  the  better  if  well 
enriched  by  an  annual  coaling  of  thoroughly  decom- 
posed VL"getable  or  animal  refuse.  The  fine  deep  rose 
flowers  of  the  true  A.  japonica  contrast  well  with  the 
snowy- white  of  the  latter  form. 

Hartalium  Rir.IDUM 
is  a  really  good,  handsome,  and  distinct  Sunflower- 
like plant  that  from  early  August  till  the  November 
frosts  ha-,  perhaps,  no  tqial  in  the  herbaceous  border. 
Bold,  well  grown  specimens  crowned  with  their  glis- 
tening golden-yellow  flowers— the  individual  flowers 
often  measuring  as  much  as  5  inches  across — are 
indeed  a  treat  which  even  the  most  unobservant  can- 
not but  appreciate.  It  is  of  the  easiest  culture,  any 
fairly  rich  garden  soil  meeting  its  requirements,  more 
particularly  where  the  plants  are  well  exposed  to  sun- 
shine, and  where  they  never  suffer  from  want  of  nor 
excess  of  moisture.  Not  only  as  an  ornamental  border 
plant  but  for  cutting  purposes  this  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  occupants  of  our  autumn  borders, 

IIeLIANTHUS  MULTIFLORUS  AND  H.  MULTI- 
FLORUS  FL.-PL. 
are  just  now  at  their  best,  and  although  introduced  to 
this  country  at  a  very  early  date,  1597  I  think,  yet 
public  favour  has  never  waned  in  appreciation  of  their 
value,  and  certainly  the  most  sekcl  collection  of  her- 
baceous plants  wou'd  be  r^indered  all  the  more  select 
for  their  extension.  The  single  flowered  form  is 
perhaps  the  most  uncommon,  and  by  not  a  few  per- 
sons preferred  to  the  double,  being,  perhaps,  more 
floriferous  and  usually  of  taller  stature.  The  double 
one  is,  however,  a  most  effective  plan*,  and  one  that 
we  can  recommend  for  general  culture,  being  ea'ily 
rainaged,  a  profuse  bloomer,  and  of  great  value  as 
a  lasting  cut  flower  in  boxes  and  vases.  Good 
cultivation  is  amply  repaid  by  these  Sunflowers,  for  in 
s"z?,  beauty  of  foliage,  and  form  of  flowers  there  is 
a  vast  difference'  between  well  fed,  and  half  starved 
specimens. 

Other  desirable  species  are  H.  californicus,  with  a 
sift,  majestic  habit  and  bright  yellow  flowers  wih 
conspicuous  black  centres ;  II.  argyrophyllus,  an 
annual  species  of  merit  ;  and  H.  rigidus,  a  rough 
leaved  species,  with  fine,  deep  golden  flowers,  with  a 
rich  dark  centre.  For  cu'ting  purposes  this  latter 
deserves  extensive  cuUure. 

The  Michaelmas  Daisies. 
Of  these  there  are  many  fine  and  worthy  forms, 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  just  as  many  worthless  and 
insigniticant  flowered  species  that  are  not  worth 
growing  as  garden  plants.  As  being  more  or  less 
distinct  from  each  other,  showy  in  flowers,  and  there- 
fore most  suitable  for  the  general  ouliivator,  we  would 
specially  recommend  the  following  :— Aster  lurbi- 
nellus,  with  large  mauve  flowers  ;  A.  bessarabicus,  a 
very  fine  form  of  the  well-known  A.  amellus,  but 
with  larger  and  brighter  flowers  :  this  is  a  very 
desirable  plant  ;  A.  tanacetifolius,  which,  although  of 
only  biennial  duration,  is  distinct  in  several  points 
from  all  other  Michaelmas  Daisies  :  it  is  of  dwarf 
habit,  with  deeply  divided  Pansy-like  foliage,  and  an 
abundance  of  delicate  mauve-lilac  flowers  ;  A. 
ibericus,  with  pleasing  purplish-blue  flowers,  and  of 
remarkably  compact  growth  ;  and  A.  Curtisi,  a  new 
but  very  bright  and  attractive  species,  with  bright 
purple  flowers.  They  are  easily  grown  in  any  good 
rich  loam  with  partial  shade,  and  may,  in  most  cases, 
be  readily  enough  propagated  by  division  of  the  roots 
after  the  flowering  season.  A.  D,  Websler, 

Saxifraga  Stracheyi. 


Garten  Zciluiig,  succeeded  in  raising  several  crossed 
seedlings  from  this  species,  hybridised  with  S.  thy- 
sinoides  ciliaris,  cordifolia,  &c. 


In  view  of  the  Pear   Conference    which   is  now 
being   held   at   Chiswick,    a    few    remarks     on    the 
varieties  which  are  found  to  jield   the  best  and  in 
every  way  most  satisf.actory  results,  will  not  only  be 
opportune  but  nny  be  of  use   lo  planters  who   are 
readers  of  the   Ga.idiiicrs'  Chronicle.     The  varieties 
which  do  best  here  are— taking  them  in  the  order  in 
which  the  fruit  is  fit  for  table— Doyenne-  d'E'e,  small, 
handsome,  and  excellent  fruit,  ripening  towards  the 
end   of  July  ;  Citron  des  Carmes,  fruit  small,  juicy, 
and  well  flavoured,   ripe  in  August  ;  Jargonelle,  one 
of  the  best  August  Pears,  fruit  large  and  of  excellent 
flavour,  a  good  cropper,  but  owing  to  its  want  of  keep- 
ing properties  one  tree  of  it  is  sufficient  in  most  gar- 
dens— two,  one  on  a  south  and  the  other  on  a  west 
wall,  may  be  useful  in  large  gardens  ;  Ileurre  d'Aman- 
lis,  a   first-rate  September  Pear,  fruit  large,  melting, 
and  richly  flavoured  ;  the  tree  is  also  a  good  grower 
and  cropper.     The  same  remark   applies  lo  Beurrc 
de  r.\ssomplion  and   that  well-known  variety,  Wil- 
liams' Bon  Chieien.     Succeeding  these  in  Ojtober 
and  November  are  Louise   Bonne   of  Jersey,  a  good 
old   variety,   which    succeeds  well   in   most  places  if 
grafted    on    the   (Jaince ;  the   fruits    are  handsomely 
shaped,  and  of  flavour  much  liked.    B.'urru  d'Capiau- 
mont,     a     good     bearer    of    medium  -  sized     finely 
coloured     fruits    and     pleasant    flivour,     but    being 
a  bad  keeper  one   tree  of  it  is  quite  suffi:ient   for  a 
private  grower.    Marie  Louise  is  one  of  the  best  Pears 
known,  being  la'ge,  hindsome,  and  richly  flavoured. 
The  tree  does  well  here,  either  as  a  pyramid,  or  trained 
against  a  south  and  west  wall,   and  is  an  excellent 
cropper.     Pitmaston  Duchess  is  another  large,  hand- 
some, and  well   flavoured  fruit  :  as  also  are   Beurre 
Diel,  Van  Mons'  Lein  le  Clerc,   and   Passe  Colnnr, 
the  latter  being  a  prodigious  bearer,   of  medium   size, 
and  highly  flavoured.     There  are  some  good  speci- 
mens of  this  variety  here,  trained  umbrella   and   fan- 
shaped  ;    both    methods   of  training    yielding    alike 
satisfactory   results.     The   following    varieties    come 
into  use  in  December  and  four  following  months  some- 
what in  the  order  in  which  ih;  names  appear,  viz.  : 
— .\lthorpe  Crasane,  medium  size,   fruit   buttery  and 
rich   in    flavour ;    the    tree   is   also   a   good   grower 
and    free  bearer  :  the   same  may    be   said    of  Beurrc 
d'.^remberg.        Crassane   is  a    fine    old    Pear,     the 
fruit    being     large     and     full     of     flavour.       Glou 
Mori^eau      and      Chiumontel       are       indispensable 
varieties.     They  should  be  grown  against  a  wall,  the 
fruit,  in  point  of  size,  flavour,  and  appearance,  being 
in    both    cases   all    that  could  be  desired.     Knight's 
Monarch  is   a   good   hardy  Pear,  and  it  does  well  at 
Longford,    either   as    a    standard   or    pyramid,    and 
seldom   fails   to   bear  well,    the    fruit    being    richly 
flavoured,  and  which  requires  to  be  gathered  some- 
what earlier  (ivhen  grown  as  tall  standards,  at  any 
rate)    than    other    mid-winter    varieties,    otherwise, 
owing    to  the  fruit  parting  so  readily  from  the  stem, 
a  little  wind  would  cause  them  to  drop  off.     Easier 
Beurrc  and  Ne  Plus  Meuris,  trained  umbrella  fashion, 
have  been  thickly  studded  with  clean  medium-sized 
fruit  this  season,  as  also  have  been  trees  of  Josephine 
de  Malines  on  wails,  fruit  medium  size,  handsome, 
full  of  juice,  and  of  delicious  flavour.     Seeing  that 
this  excellent  variety   is  a  good  grower,    and   bears 
freely  on  south  and  west  walls  every  year,  the  wonder 
is  that  it  is  not  oftener  met  with  in  gardens,  as  its 
merits  unquestionably  entitle  it  to  be  included  in  every 
collection  of  Pears  worth  growing.     And  the  same  may 
be  said  of  Beurrc  Ranee,  one  of  our  very  best  late  Pears, 
as  when  well  ripened  and  carefully  stored  away  in  a 
suitable  fruit-room  they  keep  well,  and  come  into  use 
from   the  end  of  January  to  May.     The  fruits,   too, 
are  large,  melting,  full  of  juice  and  highly  flavoured. 
Calillac  and  Uvedale's  St.  Germains,  are    two  excel- 
lent stewing  varieties  ;  the  fruits  are  very  large,  and 
keep  well  till  May.     We  have  one  tree  of  each  on 
walls,  but  the  Catillac  on  the  inner  side  of  a  semi- 
circular  wall    having    a   north-western   aspect   bears 
good  crops  every  year,   while  its  companions  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  same  wall  yields  but  half  a  ci 


Clerc,  and  many  other  large  dessert  varieties,  are 
also  very  acceptable  for  culinary  uses  whenever  they 
can  be  had.  Those  of  your  readers  who  may  be 
making  preparations  for  planting  a  new  garden  with 
fruit  trees,  but  w^hose  space  at  command  may  not 
admit  of  all  the  varieties  enumerated  above  being 
grown,  can,  without  much  fear  of  erring  in  doing  so, 
reduce  the  number  to  suit  their  own  convenience  by 
selecting  every  second  or  third  variety  from  the  list 
given,  observing,  however,  the  remarks  respecting  the 
individual  varieties  in  making  the  said  selection.  I 
may  remark  that  many  of  our  trees  are  old,  conse- 
quently they  do  not  produce  such  fine  fruit  as 
younger  trees. 

Cultural  P.emarks  on  Pears. 
Having  determined  the  distance  at  which  the  trees 
should  be  planted  from  each  other'against  the  walls— 
which  for  horizontally  trained  trees  should  range  from 
20  to  24  feet  apart,  and  a  few  feet  less  will  suffice  for 
fan-trained  trees,  planting  maiden  trees  for  transplant- 
ing subsequently  between    them    in  the  meantime— 
an  order  for  the  necessary  number  of  healthy,  kindly- 
grown,  and  rightly  named  trees  should  be  despatched 
forthwith   to  any  of  the  large  nurserymen  having  a 
reputation    for   supplying    trees   of  this   description ; 
meanwhile,  having  first  marked  the  central  position 
of  each  tree  on  the  wall  with  a  piece  of  chalk  or  char- 
coal, excavate  holes  extending  2I  feet  on  either  side 
the   mark   on   the  wall,   5   feet  therefrom,  and  4  feet 
deep,  the  outline  of  the   hole   forming  a  half  circle. 
Into  the  bottom   of  this  hole  put  9  inches  thick  of 
brickbats,  stones,  or  clinkers,  and  over  these  a  suffi- 
cient thickness  of  coarse  gravel  should  be  laid  to  fill 
in  the  chinks,  and  following  this  a  layer  of  turf,  grass 
side  down,    to    ensure  good    drainage  ;     but  should 
water  at  any  time  be  likely  to  rise  nearer  to  the  sur- 
face than  4  feet  it   will,    of  course,  be  necessary  to 
reduce  the  depth  of  the  hole  to  such  an  extent  as  will 
prevent  the  possibility  of  the  roots  of  the  trees  being 
at  any  time  submerged— a  circumstance  which  would 
be  injurious  to  their  well-being.     The  holes  having 
been  made  ready  for   the  reception  of  the  soil,  the 
latter— assuming  that  the  character  of  the  natural  soil 
is  not  such  as  is  calculated  to  promote  and  afterwards 
sustain  satisfactory  growth  in  the  trees— consisting  of 
three  parts  good  calcareous  loam  and  one  of  old  lime 
rubble  and   wood-ashes,   well  mixed,  should   be  got 
int)   the  holes  in  a  moderately  dry  slate,  so  that  it 
may  not  adhere  lo  the  feet  in  treading  on  it.   In  plant- 
ing the  trees  make  due  allowance  for  the  soil  subsid- 
ing 5  or  6  inches  within  as  many  weeks  from  the  time 
ol    planting.      Having   placed    the   tree    in    position, 
spread    the     roots     out     in     every    direction,    with 
a    slight    inclination    downwards,    shortening    back 
at    the    same    time   any   straggling   roots,    and    cut- 
ting  clean   away    with   a    sharp    knife    any    portion 
of  the  same  that    may  have    sustained    injury  in   the 
process  of   lifting  ;    and  with  a  view  to  encourage  an 
emissioa  of  young  feeders  make  a  series  of  incisions 
along  the  principle  roots  previous  lo  covering  the  latter 
with  6  inches  thick  of  ihe  compost  indicated  above, 
and  before  treading  the  latter   gently  over  take  hold 
of  Ihe  tree  by  the  stem  and  give  it  a  few  good  shakes 
in  an  upward  direction,  so  as  lo  let  the  sod  mix  well 
among  the  roots.     This  done,    lay  on  3  or  4  inches 
thick  of  rotten    dung    as   a    mulching,     which    will 
maintain  the  roots  in  a  more  equable  condition  than 
could    otherwise    be    secured.     Trees    thus   planted 
should,    as    a     matter     of    course,     be    temporarily 
secured  lo  the  wall   with   nails  and   long   threds,  to 
allovv  of  them  sinking  with  the  soil.    Trees  so  planted, 
providing    the    adertrealment   be  good,  cannot  fail 
to  yield  satisfactory  results  during  ordinary  seasons. 

Training  of  Vouxg  Trees. 
In  training  young  Pear  trees  I  make  it  a  point  the 
first  spring  after  planting,  when  the  sap  begins  to  rise, 
to  bend  the  shoots  which  are  left  their  full  length 
towards  the  ground,  and  securing  them  to  the  wall  in 
that  position,  the  bend  starting  from  the  point 
whence  the  first  of  the  young  shoots  is  desired  to 
proceed.  The  check  thus  given  to  the  flow 
of  sap  causes  a  suflScient  number  of  wood-buds 
to  push  from  each  shoot  to  form  a  good  sized 
"fan-shaped"  tree  the  first  year  after  planting.  Of 
course,  as  soon  as  the  buds  nearest  the  base  of  the 
individual  shoots  so  treated  have  pushed  into  growth, 
the  nails  should  be  drawn,  the  shoots  (main  shoots) 
spread  out  on  the  wall,  after  the  manner  of  a 
hand  and  distended    fingers,    and    secured    thereto. 


Mathieu,    of   Charlottenburg,   has,    says    the       Chaumontel,    Glou    Morfeau,   Van   Mons'   Le;n  le      leaving  sufficient  room  in  the  latter  for  the  develop- 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


559 


ment  of  lh=  branch ;  the  young  shoots  indicated 
above  beinj  trained  at  proper  distances  over  the 
intervening  space,  and  a  judicious  course  of  pinching 
of  the  after-growth  is  pursued  during  the  summer  and 
autumn  months  wiih  the  obvioui  object  of  plumping 
wood-buds,  forming  spurs,  and  promoting  a  balance 
of  growlh  in  the  individual  trees.  In  conclusion,  I 
may  remark  that  a  large  percentage  of  the  trees  here 
are  trained  "umbrella  fashion."  The  trees,  which 
are,  for  the' most  part,  growing  on  the  borders  on 
either  side  the  central  walk;  leading  noith  and  sojth 
from  the  principal  range  of  glasshouses,  are  10  feet 
apart,  7  j  feet  high,  nearly  6  feet  through,  and  furnished 
with  healthy  fruit-bearing  branches  to  within  9  inches 
of  the  ground,  at  which  point  the  lower  set  of 
branches  and  those  higher  up  are  tied  to  each  other 
and  to  a  stout  circular  wire  secured  to  small  Ok 
stakes,  about  2  inches  in  diimeter,  driven  well  into 
the  ground.  These  trees  are  admired  very  much, 
not  only  on  account  of  their  ornamental  character 
and  general  productiveness,  but  more  particularly  on 
account  of  the  great  area  of  fruit-bearing  surfac: 
which  is  secured  from  trees  thus  trained  in  comparison 
with  the  small  extent  of  ground  (a  circular  space  of 
6  feet  in  diameter)  which  each  tree  covers,  //.  \V. 
iVard^  Longford  Castle. 


Pansies  and  Violas,  may  be  introduced  amongst  the 
Roses  wiih  good  elfjct,  without  being  detrimental  to 
the  Koses.  Briers  for  standards  should  be  planted  as 
early  as  possible  for  budding  next  season,  so  that  they 
may  get  established  before  spring.  Tea-scented  Koses 
require  protection  in  winter,  When  they  are  in  open  beds 
or  borders  it  would  be  advisable  to  take  them  up  at  once 
and  pot  them,  keeping  them  in  cold  pits,  from  which 
take  care  to  have  the  lights  taken  off  in  fine  mild 
weather;  they  may  be  planted  out  again  at  the  end  of 
March  or  April,  according  to  the  season.  The  best  soil 
to  plant  them  in  is  one  that  is  rich,  light,  and  the  beds 
should  be  well  drained.  Noisette  Roses,  if  not  grown 
against  a  south  or  west  wall,  will  require  protecting 
in  severe  weather  ;  if  grown  as  standards  or  pyramids 
or  dwarfs,  they  should  have  some  Fern,  Futze,  or 
Heath,  or  any  other  similar  material  tied  about  the 
stems,  aiTd  mats  fastened  round  the  whole  plants. 
Standards  should  have  some  similar  material  fastened 
round  the  stems  where  the  bud  is  inserted,  and  among 
th^  branches. 

The  preservation  of  neatness  will,  for  some  time  to 
come,  bo  a  most  ditlicult  matter  till  the  leaves  are  all 
down — it  will  require  daily  attention  to  nuintain 
neatness.  All  grass  lawns  should  be  mown  for  the 
last  lime  this  season.  Beds,  borders,  walks,  should 
be  all  treated  alike  ;  the  continuous  rains  having  made 
it  impossible  to  use  the  hoe,  the  only  means  left, 
hand-weeding,  to  get  rid  of  the  weeds,  is  by  far  the 
best.  Will.  Sinylh^,  The  Gardens^  Basing  Patk, 
A  lion. 


on  all  favourable  occasions ;  do  not  u;e  fire-heat  when 
the  temperature  can  be  kept  a  few  degrees  above  the 
freezing  point  unless  it  be  to  dispel  damp  when  in 
excess  ;  for  this  purpose  select  the  early  morning 
hours  so  as  to  allow  the  pipes  to  cool  down  before 
nightfall.  James  Hudson,  Ciinnenhiiy  House 
Gardens,  IK 


THE  BEDS. 
Ir  will  be  advisable  at  once  to  clear  away  ail  plants 
that  will  not  stand  the  winter,  and  refill  the  bedswi  h 
shrubs  and  other  hardy  plants  for  winter  effect,  cr 
with  bulbs  and  hardy  annuals  for  spring  display.  If 
neither  of  these  plans  is  adopted,  though  one  or  the 
other  should  be,  at  least  let  the  beds  be  dug  and 
made  tidy. 

Roots. 
Dahlias  should  now  be  taken  up  and  dried  before 
storing  them.  Cannas  should  be  taken  up  and 
wintered  in  sand  in  any  place  free  from  frost  and 
damp.  Gladioli  winter  best  in  light  warm  soil. 
When  left  in  the  ground  undisturbed  they  always 
flower  better  than  when  planted  annually,  but 
where  stiff  cold  clay  and  wet  subsoil  exist  they 
should  be  taken  up  and  carefully  dried  before  being 
packed  away.  Salvia  patens  and  perennial  Lobelias 
should  be  packed  closely  together  in  shallow  boxes 
and  kept  from  frost  till  spring,  then  they  can  be 
potted  or  planted  outside,  and  are  easily  increased  by 
division  if  kept  in  a  frame  till  established.  Bedding 
plants  of  all  kinds  should  now  be  in  their  winter 
quarters,  and  in  open  weather  should  be  fully  exposed 
to  the  air,  and  have  all  the  light  possible,  to  keep  them 
stocky.  In  order  to  winter  them  well,  Chrysan- 
themums that  are  planted  out  in  open  borders  or 
beds  or  against  walls,  and  which  are  now  coming 
into  flower,  should  be  at  once  protected  from  frost 
or  the  flowers  will  be  destroyed.  Any  light  material, 
such  as  tiffany,  gauze,  or  scrim  canvas,  or  old  frame 
lights  will  save  them  from  injury,  and  where  cut 
fljwers  are  required,  they  will  prove  a  great  acquisi- 
tion. 

Amongst  our  best  border  flowers  at  this  season  of 
the  year  I  may  mention  Schizoslylis  coccinea,  very 
pretty,  and  flowers  well  in  a  warm  situation  ;  and  for 
light  soil  Michaelmas  Diisies,  Aster  amellus,  A.  eri- 
coides,  A.  grandiflorus.  These  plants  should  be  grown 
much  more  than  they  are,  as  they  come  into  flower 
after  the  summer  flowers  are  over  ^nd  before  the 
Chrysanthemums.  They  are  most  valuable  for  cut 
flowers.  I  also  find  the  small  dwaif  and  early  flower- 
ing varieties  of  Chrysanthemum  useful,  as  they  com- 
mence to  flower  in  August,  and  flower  till  the  end  of 
October.  They  are  not  much  more  than  a  foot  high, 
and  are  covered  with  their  beautiful  little  red  and 
white,  yellow  and  crimson  flowers,  most  useful  for  cut 
flowers,  and  they  are  very  easily  transplanted  to  fill 
up  vacant  places  in  beds  or  borders  when  plants  have 
gone  off. 

Roses. 
Roses  may  now  be  planted,  and  if  done  early  a 
good  bloom  may  be  anticipated  next  season.  Any 
that  are  not  growing  satisfactorily  should  be  taken  up 
and  the  beds  or  borders  well  manured  and  trenched 
before   replanting.      Bulbs    of   various    kinds,    and 


|lattta  and  t\\t\i{  mlimt. 


IIOL'SIN'G  TLNNTS  FOR  THE  WINTER. 
It  will  happen,  even  in  the  best  appointed  estab- 
lishments, that  some  portion  of  the  greenhouse  and 
other  plants  which  require  protection  from  frost,  will, 
through  pressure  of  work,  be  left  out  until  a  sharp 
froit  or  two  gives  u;  warning  that  no  further  delay 
must  be  tolerated.  At  such  times  the  plants  may  by 
placed  together  somewhat  indiscriminately  to  save 
time  ;  do  not,  however,  allow  them  so  to  remain  a 
day  longer  than  can  be  avoided.  Take  the  first 
opportunity  that  presents  itself  to  have  all  the  paint, 
glass,  walls,  &c.,  cleansed  before  arranging  the  plants 
in  their  winter  quarters.  To  this  advice  one  excep- 
tion might  be  made  — viz.,  where  there  is  a  wall  that 
is  permanently  damp,  consequently  green  and  un- 
sightly at  all  times  ;  in  such  places  contrive  by  the 
best  available  means  to  induce  Fern;  to  grow,  such  as 
Adianlum  Capillas-Wneris,  Pteris  longifolii,  and 
P.  serrulata,  with  Nephrodium  molle,  and  other 
tolerably  hardy  kinds  ;  to  attain  this  there  is  not 
much  dilTicully,  for  those  nam:J  will  generally 
thrive  well.  To  the  Ferns  should  be  added  Ficus 
repens  and  its  diminutive  form,  F.  minima  ;  all  of 
this  material  will  be  found  of  great  service  for  cutting, 
and  instead  of  having  to  expend  labour  in  cleaning 
such  spots  some  attention  to  watering  only  will  be 
needed,  whereas  in  the  former  case  the  labour 
expended  would  yield  no  lasting  result. 

Attend  to  the  repairing  of  putty  and  broken  glass 
at  such  a  favourable  opportunity  ;  drip,  occasioned 
by  the  heavy  rains,  will  be  very  injurious  to  most 
greenhouse  plants,  a  comparatively  dry  condition  of 
the  atmosphere  being  best  suited  to  their  requirements 
on  the  whole.  When  arranging  the  phants,  bring 
those  moderately  close  to  the  glass  that  are  most 
likely  to  become  drawn,  or  in  the  case  of  specimens 
that  are  more  valued,  see  that  they  have  sufficient 
space  between  them  for  the  free  circulation  of  air 
and  admission  of  light.  The  intervening  spaces  can 
be  filled  in  with  those  subjects  that  are  not  likely  to 
come  to  any  harm  by  reason  of  their  comparatively 
dormant  state  for  the  next  few  months.  By  exer- 
cising forethought  and  by  judicious  contrivances  it  is 
surprising  what  a  number  of  plants  can  be  got  into  a 
structure  without  harm  accruing  to  the  plants.  I  am 
in  favour  of  having  swing  shelves  fixed  wherever  pos- 
sible without  injury  to  the  other  occupants  of  the 
house  ;  where  convenient  we  prefer  them  over  the 
pathway,  then  any  dtip  occasioned  by  watering  will 
not  so  materially  matter.  These  shelves  will  be 
found  very  useful  for  Pelargoniums  and  any  other 
soft-wooded  plants  that  it  is  essential  to  keep  in  a 
dwarf  state.  When  the  arrangements  are  completed 
see  that  an  abundant  circulation  of  air  is  maintained 


]^F(UITg     ^NDEF^     'QLA3g. 


THE  CHERRY-HOUSE. 
Ii"  from  natural  decay,  or  from  any  other  cause, 
the  removal  ol  any  of  the  trees  in  this  department  has  • 
become  necessary,  it  should  be  done  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  and  in  the  case  where  a  tree  has  occupied 
the  place  for  several  years,  and  where  the  soil  has 
become  somewhat  stale,  if  not  altogether  unsuitable 
for  a  fresh  tree  which  may  be  expected  to  last  a  con- 
siderable number  of  years,  it  should  be  taken  away 
entirely,  and  fresh  stuff  substituted,  which  should 
consist  of  the  top  spit  of  good  yellow  loam  half 
decomposed,  and  if  its  nature  is  not  at  all  gritty,  it 
should  be  made  so  by  adding  a  sixth  part  of  road- 
scrapings.  After  this  material  has  been  put  into  the 
border  and  allowed  time  to  subside,  the  trees  should 
be  planted  at  about  12  inches  beneath  the  general  level 
of  the  bo'rder  ;  in  this  operation  spread  out  the  roots 
regularly  over  the  surface,  and  shorten  back  those 
devoid   of  rootlets,    moisten    and    cover    them   with 

2  inches  of  soil,    which   should    be   trodden   down 
firmly.     After   filling    up    the  border  mulch    it  with 

3  inches  of  decayed  manure,  and  well  water  all  the 
new  material. 

The  most  suitable  kind  of  trees  for  the  purpose  in 
question  are  those  which  have  had  about  two  years' 
growth  on  a  wall  out-of-doors  ;  trees  of  this  character 
if  carefully  lifted,  planted,  and  treated  well  afterwards 
will  speedily  recover  from  the  shift  and  come  into 
beating  quickly  afterwards. 

Cherry  trees  when  established  and  protected  from 
the  effects  of  frost,  bear  so  abundantly  every  year,  that 
the  crop  of  fruit  does,  as  a  rule,  check  and  subdue 
over-exuberance,  so  that  root-pruning  or  partial  lift- 
ing is  seldom  if  ever  necessary. 

The  customary  cleaning  of  the  house  and  trees 
should  be  done  so  that  ih;  pruning  and  the  training 
of  the  trees  can  be  proceeded  with  and  finished  before 
the  beginning  of  December.  G.  T.  Mites,  Wycombe 
Al'ky. 

The  Orchard  tiousE. 

Assuming  that  the  house  is  in  two  divisions,  and 
that  one  division  is  allowed  to  start  in  its  own  way 
without  any  forcing,  the  earliest  division  must  be 
managed  to  come  in  six  or  perhaps  eight  weeks  earlier, 
and  to  do  so  it  must  be  started  with  a  gentle  heat  early 
in  the  year,  say  the  first  week  in  January.  An  oppor- 
tunity must  be  taken  between  now  and  that  time  to 
clean  the  wood  and  glasswoik  of  the  house  ;  for  this 
purpose  warm  rain-water  should  be  used  with  a  very 
little  so.ip  in  it.  S"rong  soapy  water  acts  injuriously 
in  two  ways  — it  causes  the  glass  to  become  slightly 
opaque,  and  takes  the  paint  from  the  wood.  Our 
pot  trees  have  all  been  turned  out-of-doors  and 
plunged  in  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  There  is  no 
injurious  tlf.'Ct  upon  the  trees  through  being  turned 
out,  but  in  cold  wet  districts  it  is  better  to  leave 
the  trees  inside  ;  in  that  case  it  is  necessary  to 
look  carefully  over  them  to  destroy  scale  or  any  other 
insect  pests  that  may  be  upon  them.  Remove 
the  scale  with  a  piece  of  wood,  and  afterwards  wash 
it  with  a  sponge  and  warm  soapy  water.  It  is  a  good 
plan  to  wash  the  tries  all  over  with  a  mixture  of 
soapy  water  and  fljwersof  sjlpbur.  This  is  a  safe 
mixture,  and  does  not  ciuse  the  bu  Is  to  drop.  On 
one  occasion  I  used  Gishurst  Compound  ;  it  hap- 
pened to  be  too  strong,  and  the  result  was  that  nearly 
all  the  buds  dropped  ofl.  S  >fi-soap  may  be  made  too 
strong.  Four  ounces  in  a  giUon  of  water  is  sulfi  sient, 
and  S  oz.  of  fljvers  of  sulphur ;  a  little  soot  may  be 
added  to  it. 

The  trees  have  now  all  b:en  topdreesed,  with  a 
compost  of  about  equal  parts  loam  and  decayed 
stable  manure..  Before  doing  this  the  top  soil  was 
removed  to  as  great  a  depth  as  possible  without 
materially  injuring  the  roots,  all  the  small  fibrous 
roots  beidg  removed  with  the  soil,  and  the  fresh 
compost  firmly  rammed  in.  It  is  now  a  good 
time  to  purchase  trees  for  potting. 


56o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1S85. 


APP0INTMEN'T5   FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  =altof  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  ^lc%Tns'  Rooms 


r  Soulhampton  Royal  Horticultural  Socit;t>"3 
Chnsanihemum  show  (iwo  days). 
Sale  of  Nursery  Stock  at  Ware's  Nursery. 
I  \      Tottenham,  by  Trotheroe  &  Morris. 

Clearance    bale  of    Nursery  Stock   at  the 
I      Barley    Mow   Nursery,    Betchworlh,    by 
L      Protheroe  &  Morris. 
r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  ,Roonis. 
j  Sale  of  24,  '    '"  .  .,      ^  1 


WednisdaV,    Nov.  4  -j      Morri 
I  Sale  of  1 

I     roe  &  Morris'  Rooms  (two  days) 
r  Autumn     Show,    Richmond 
Society,  Surrey  (two  days) 


Sale  of  Plants.  Roses,  and  Bulbs,  at  Prothc- 
orris'  Rooms  (two  days). 
Show,    Richmond    Horticultural 


Thursday,      Nov.  s 


I      Bull 

\      Booi.._ 

I  Sale  ol  Dutch  Bulbs,  &c.,  at  Protheroe 

Morris"  Rooms. 
I  Clearance  sale  of    Nursery  Stock,  at   t 
L     Nursery,  Bromley.  Kent  (two  days). 

J  Crystal  f alace  Great  Chrysanthemum  Sh 
(two  days). 
Sale    ol    Imported  Orchids,    at  Frothei 
&  Morris"  Rooms. 


\      Mo 


TO  be  or  not  to  be  ?    That  is  the  question 
which  the   horticulturists   of  this  country 
have  to  solve.     There  are  those  who  think  that 
the  question   whether  there  should,   or  should 
not,  be  an  INTERNATIONAL  Horticultural 
Exhibition  on  a  large  scale  in  18S7  should  be 
solved  by  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  or  by  the  "  Commissioners."    The  latter 
is  a  raiher  vague  expression,  but  may  be  taken 
to  mean   the  powers  that  be  at  South  Kensing- 
ton  directly  concerned   wiih  those  Exhibitions, 
of  which  the  "  Inventions  "  is  now  drawing  to  a 
close,    and  to   which   ihe    Indian   and  Colonial 
Exhibition  of  next  year  (1SS6)  is  to  be  the  lineal 
successor.     We  venture  to  think,  however,  that 
the  solution  primarily  depends  upon  the  answer 
which  the  horticulturists  of  the  country  are  pre- 
pared to  give  to  the  inquiry  addressed  to  ihem 
by    the    Council    of    the    Royal    Horticultural 
Society,  and  which  it  is   hoped   they  will  give 
with  no  uncertain  sound  at  the  meeting  to  which 
they  are   all   collectively    and    individually    in- 
vited  on    November    10.     Before    any   definite 
conclusion  can  be  arrived  at,  there  are  various 
and   most  important  considerations  to  be  dis- 
cussed.    First,  is  it  desirable  ?     On  that  point 
in  ihe  abstract,  so  far  as  we  can  gather,  there  is 
no  hesitation.    It  is  desirable.  The  doubts  arise 
when  we  come  to  the  questions,  how  and  by  whom 
it  is  to  be   carried   out.     The   answer   to   the 
question  How  .'  is  really  soon  settled.     It  must 
be  on  a  scale  commensurate— that  is,  relatively 
commensurate— with  the  Exhibitions  that  have 
recently    been    held,    viz,    the    Fisheries,    the 
Healiheries,  and  the   Inventions.     We  should 
be  false  to  our  calling  ;    we  should  ignore  our 
sense   of   the    magnitude    and   importance  of 
horticulture  considered  in  its  widest  phase,  if  we 
did  not  avow  our  belief  that  the  horticulturists— 
and  those   more  or  less  directly  connected  with 
them— can,  if  ihey  choose,  produce  within  neces- 
sary limitations   (but   those  of  the  widest  cha- 
racter), as   important  an  Exhibition,  and  main- 
tain it  as  effectively  for  a  period  of  many  months 
as  those  who  have  hitherto  succeeded  in  draw- 
ing so  many  thousands  of  people— millions  we 
may  say— to  South  Kensington.     Will  they  so 
choose  .'     Details  may  be  settled  hereafter,  and 
difficulties  may  be  surmounted  or  evaded  as 
they     arise.       Will    they    so    choose  ?      They 
have    a  glorious  opportunity   of   showing   that 
horiicuhure,    in    its    widest    sense,    is    not    a 
mere  luxury— not  a  mere  aftair  of  jestheiicism, 
not  an   aff.iir  for  the  wealthy  and  the  cultured 
only,  but  a  necessity  for  every  inhabitant  of  this 
country — for   all  mankind.      We   are    all   con- 
cerned   in    the    results    of   the   cultivation   of 
plants.      We   are    all   absolutely   dependent — 
every  one   of   us — on  the   vegetable  kingdom, 
and  on  the  due  appreciation  and  application  of 
what  knowledge   concerning   it  may  be   forth- 
coming.   Food,  fuel,  health,  clothing,  our  dwell- 
ings, our  very  tables  and  chairs,  to  say  nothing 


of  the  amenities  of  life,  all  depend  essentially  on 
horticuhure  in  the  wide  sense  in  which  we 
have  a  right  to  construe  the  term.  There  is, 
therefore,  not  the  slightest  hesitation  in  saying 
that  an  Exhibition  of  surpassing  interest  may 
be  got  together.  There  is  no  lack  of  material, 
and  even  if  we  bear  in  mind  the  necessary 
limitations,  if  we  remember  that  part  of  the 
proposed  Exhibition,  and  that  the  most  gene- 
rally attractive,  must  be  of  a  temporary  and 
intermittent  character,  there  still  remains  a  vast 
residue  of  permanent  material  for  an  Exhibition, 
If  for  the  moment  we  consider  only  what  we 
have  called  the  temporary  and  intermittent 
exhibits  —  horticulturists,  after  the  brilliant 
series  of  fortnightly  shows  which  have  been 
held  for  the  last  three  years,  cannot  refuse  to 
admit  that  the  thing  can  be  done  ;  while  even 
from  the  point  of  view  of  permanence  surely 
the  magnificent  efforts  of  Mr.  WARE,  and  of 
those  nurserymen  who  have  contributed  through- 
out all  the  season  to  maintain  an  interesting 
and  varied  display,  afford  sufficient  proof  that 
zeal  and  co-operation  can  effect  in  the  future  as 
much,  and  a  vast  deal  more,  than  has  been 
done  in  the  past. 

So  far,  then,  as  material  is  concerned, 
whether  permanent  or  intermittent,  there  is  no 
doubt  whatever  that  the  thing  can  be  done. 
Horticulturists  must  not  tie  themselves  down 
too  rigidly  to  the  precedent  of  1866,  Circum- 
stances are  altogether  dilTerent  now.  We  can- 
not, perhaps,  reproduce  such  an  exhibition  as 
that.  Let  us  assume  that  we  cannot.  What 
then .'  We  can  do  better.  Not,  perhaps,  in 
certain  particulars,  but  on  the  whole  it  would 
be  absurd  to  suppose  that  we  cannot,  if  we 
choose,  surpass  the  efforts  of  iS65  But  still, 
even  after  showing  that  the  material  exists  in 
the  country  in  abundance,  still  the  cry  rings  in 
our  ears.  How  ? 

Well,  how  have  the  three  great  Exhibitions 
been  carried  out  ?  In  each  year  we  believe 
there  has  been  a  surplus,  at  any  rate  the 
expenses  have  been  more  than  covered.  Is  it 
not  fair  to  suppose,  that  with  a  good  Exhibition 
and  a  similar  organisation,  success  will  ensue  .' 
We  know  we  can  if  we  choose  make  a  good 
Exhibition,  and  the  organisation  is  at  hand  also, 
if  we  choose  to  avail  ourselves  of  it.  That  at 
least  is  the  view  we  take  of  it.  We  believe 
that  the  same  organisation,  supplemented  by 
the  technical  aid  which  horticulturists  alone 
can  render,  would  secure  a  success.  The 
"  how  "  rings  in  our  ears  again.  What  about 
the  funds  ?  where  is  the  money  to  come  from  .' 
The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  certainly 
has  none  to  spare.  Well,  where  did  the 
funds  come  from  to  establish  and  maintain 
the  present  series  of  Exhibitions.'  U  hat  the 
Fisheries,  the  Healthefies,  the  Inventions,  did 
in  this  matter,  we  ought  to  be  able  to  do.  They 
did  not  start  with  money  in  hand,  it  was 
advanced  on  sufficient  security,  and  we  do  not 
doubt  that  the  money  would  be  forthcoming  on 
similar  terms.  But  then  horticulture,  even 
in  the  wide  sense  in  which  we  here  use  the 
term,  \vould  probably  not  attract  the  millions 
of  shillings  that  would  be  required.  We 
should  certainly  have  to  make  use  of  the 
same  adjuncts  of  music,  art,  electric  lights, 
fountains,  and  other  attractions  w"hich  the 
managers  of  the  other  E.xhibitions  have  found 
to  be  necessary,  with  as  many  novelties  of  a 
cognate  character  as  we  could  press  into  the 
service.  We  should  have  also  to  consider,  in  a 
very  particular  manner,  the  Cleik  of  the 
Weather,  and  as  he  is  a  very  capricious  per- 
sonage, we  should  have  to  provide  accordingly. 
At  any  rate  we  think  we  may  assert  that  if 
the  horticulturists  choose  they  may  find  the 
materials  and  experience  no  greater  difficulty 
as  to  funds  than  the  managers  of  preceding  Ex- 
hibitions have  done. 
Then      comes      the     question.     By     whom 


shall  all  this  be  done,  if  at  all  ?  Ob- 
viously the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  would  not  be  justified  in 
committing  themselves  financially,  they  have 
not  the  money  to  spare,  but  they  can 
give  guidance,  direction,  aid  of  all  kinds 
except  money.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  to  a  large  extent  their  very  existence, 
at  least  at  South  Kensington,  depends  upon 
their  lending  all  the  aid  in  their  power  to  the 
Exhibition  Commissioners.  The  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  now  has  no  footing  at  all  at 
South  Kensington,  except  by  the  grace  of  the 
Commissioners.  Cease  to  co-operate  with 
them,  and  the  Society  would  be  turned  out  to- 
morrow. We  may  regret  this,  but  it  is  of  no 
use  wailing  over  spilt  milk — we  must  look  facts 
in  the  face.  What  chance  is  there  of  obtain- 
ing a  chair  to  sit  down  upon  in  the  future  (there 
are  not  many  now  !)  if  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  does  not  now  work  with  the  Commis- 
sioners ?  It  is  in  evidence,  then,  that  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  by  itself  cannot  carry  out 
such  an  exhibition,  but  with  the  co  operation 
and  support  of  the  Commissioners  (we  use  the 
word  in  a  general  sense,  so  as  not  to  burden 
our  argument  with  details  that  are  for  our 
present  purpose  unnecessary),  it  is  assuredly 
possible.  Once  more,  then,  we  ask  the  horti- 
culturists of  Great  Britain,  Shall  this  be,  or  shall 
it  not?  The  definite  answer  to  this  question 
should  assuredly  be  given  at  the  meeting  en 
the  loth  proximo.  In  the  meantime  we  shall 
gladly  give  insertion  to  such  discussions  and 
arguments,  pro  and  con^  as  our  limited  space 
and  other  considerations  permit  ;  and  we  most 
earnestly  press  on  the  Council  the  necessity  of 
presenting  themselves  to  that  meeting  with  full 
explanations  and  something  like  a  programme, 
or  scheme  of  action,  to  be  adopted,  modified, 
or  rejected,  according  to  circumstances. 


The  Proposed  International  Exhibi- 
tion.— We  understand  that  the  Royal  horticultural 
Society  has  addressed  a  letter  of  invitation  to  the 
leading  hirticultutal  societies  of  the  kingdom,  request- 
ing ihtm  to  take  part  in  the  meeting  at  South  Ken- 
sington, on  November  10,  for  the  purpose  of  dis- 
cussing the  practicability  of  holding  nn  IniernatioDal 
Exhibition  of  Horticulture  in  1SS7,  the  iubilce  year 
of  the  reign  of  Her  Majesty.  As  it  would  be  im- 
practicable to  issue  separate  inviiations  to  individuals, 
the  Society  has  published  an  advertisement  requesting 
the  presence  of  all  in  any  way  interested  in  horiicul- 
ture  on  the  day  in  question.  It  may  be  hoped,  there- 
fore, that  a  thoroughly  representative  meeting  of  pro- 
vincial, as  well  as  metropolitan,  horticulturists  may 
be  obtained.  Those  unable  to  be  present  can  at  least 
communicate  their  views  to  the  President. 

Veitch  Memorial  Prizes  for  1SS6.— We  learn 
that  the  trustees  of  the  Veitch  Memorial  Prize 
Fund  have  decided  to  offer  next  year  the  following 
priies,  the  dates  for  which  and  other  necessary  parti- 
culars will  shortly  be  announced  : — 

At  Stoke-on-Trent,  a  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  and 
prize  of  £5,  for  a  Group  of  Orchids,  with  Ferns  inter- 
mi.\ed. 

.At  Stoke-on-Trent,  a  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  and  £% 
for  a  Group  of  Miscellaneous  Flowering  and  Foliage 
Plants. 

•At  Exeter,  a  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  and  ^^5  (subject 
not  determined). 

-At  Royal  Botanic  Society,  Regent's  Park,  a  Veitch 
Memorial  Medal  and;^5.  for  twelve  Amaryllis. 

.At  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  South  Kensington,  a 
Veitch  Memorial  Medal  and  ^5.  for  a  Collection  of 
Forced  Salad  Plants. 

LiNNEAN  Society  of  London  will  meet 

on  Thursday,  November  5,  at  »  P  M.,  when  papers 
will  be  read  on  ihe  following  subjects  :  —  I.  "  Flora 
of  the  Peruvian  Andes,  and  its  History  and  Origin." 
By  John  Bkll.  2.  "  Monograph  of  Recent  Bra- 
chiopoda."  Part  I.  By  the  late  Dr.  Thomas 
Davidson. 

"The  British  Moss  Flora."— Dr.  Braith- 

waite  has  lately  issued  the  ninth  part  of  this  work, 
in  which  both  text  and  letterpress  are  as  carefully 
executed  as  in  former  numbers  ;  which  is  saying 
not  a   little.      The    book   is   quite    indispensable  to 


October  31, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


561 


all  students  of  Mosses,  and  should  be  added  to 
every  botanical  library.  It  is  published  by  the  author 
at  303,  Clapham  Road,  S.W. 

"Arboretum     Segrezianum." — We  have 

to  record  the  publication  of  the  sixth  part  of  this 
important  work.  It  will  renew  the  feelings  of  regret 
at  the  loss  of  so  ardent  a  student,  it  will  excite  afresh 
our  sympathies  with  the  French  horticulturists  so  sud- 
denly and  unexpectedly  deprived  of  their  chief.  Five 
parts   had    been   published   before   M.   LavallSe's 


pendulous  leaves,  which  character,  however,  is  not 
shown  in  the  plate  ;  Cerasus  capuli,  t.  34,  a  Mexican 
species  with  Peach-like  leaves  and  long  erect  ncemes 
of  white  flowers  like  those  of  Cerasus  Padus.  Cerasus 
Herincquiana,  t.  35  :  this  is  the  C.  Sieboldi  pendula 
flore  roseo  of  the  nurseries,  but  which,  it  appears 
has  not  been  described  in  any  botanical  work.  The 
branches  are  bent  downwards  as  in  Sophora  pendula, 
the  leaves  are  lanceolate,  produced  after  the  flowers, 
which  latterareawhiteorpalefleshcolour,and  arranged 
in  umbels.     Cerasus  Pseudo-Cerasus,  t.   36  :  this  is 


garden  management  employ  to  make  the  central  part 
attractive  to  the  public.  The  electric  arc  lamps  in 
the  centre  are  masked,  so  to  speak,  by  Chinese 
lamps  encircling  them,  the  object  being  to  add 
picturesqueness  to  the  general  scene,  and  to  prevent 
the  milder  lights  from  being  overpowered  by  the 
electric  light. 

Ovum  in  Ovo.— Dr.   Barnes  alludes  in  a 

recent  number  of  the  British  Medical  Journal,  to  n 
hen  which  at  various  intervals  laid  double  eggs.     The 


Fig.    128.  — ABIES   liRANDlS  :     BRITISH-GROWN    CONES.       (SEE    P.    563.) 


death  ;  the  sixth,  which  contains  titlepage,  preface, 
and  index,  closes  the  work.  It  has  been  issued  by 
Madame  LavaliEe,  with  the  aid  of  M.  Herincq, 
and  while  it  forms  a  fitting  close  to  this  particular 
work  hopes  are  held  out  that,  at  some  future  time,  the 
numerous  plates  which  had  been  prepared  betore  M. 
Lavall^e's  decease,  but  for  which  the  text  had 
not  been  completed,  will  be  issued.  The  pre- 
sent part  contains  figures  and  descriptions  of 
Ribes  multiflorum,  t.  31,  a  Hungarian  species  ; 
Pinus  Bungeana,  t.  32,  a  Chinese  Pine  of  marked 
aspect,  the  bark  of  which  peels  off  in  flakes, 
like  that  of  the  Plane  ;  Castanea  vulgaris  var.  pen- 
dulifolia,  an  elegant  variety,  remarkable  for  its  long 


the  double  Japanese  Cherry  or  Cerasus  Sieboldi  of 
English  nurseries,  and  of  which  C.  Watercri  is  the 
form  with  single  flowers.  It  is  a  native  of  fapan, 
and  the  Japanese  gardeners  have  availed  themselves 
of  the  beauty  of  the  tree  and  its  pliability  to  evolve 
numerous  varieties. 

The  Crystal  Palace. — Electric,  and  other 

supplementary  lighting  at  this  place  of  amusement 
bring  out  capitally  the  statuary  and  horticultural 
decorations,  as  the  fine  Ferns  on  the  water  basins, 
which  look  particularly  robust  this  year,  the  groups 
of  autumn  flowering  Chrysanthemums,  Fuchsias, 
Pelargoniums,  and  the  thousand  and  one  items  the 


ehell^of  the  included  egg  was  always  of  a  ted  tint ;  the 
shell  of  the  including  egg  was  always  of  a  dull  chalky- 
white.  The  hen  was  a  half-breed  between  a  Cochin 
and  a  Dorking.  The  Cochin  egg  was  in  nine  ascer- 
tained instances  inside  the  Dorking  egg.  To  find 
two  yelks  in  one  shell  is  common  enough,  but  it  is 
certainly  rare  to  find  two  perfect  eggs,  one  contained 
within  the  other. 

Two  Crops  of  Peaches  in  One  Season. 

— A  correspondent  lately  forwarded  us  a  Peach  of  the 
size  of  a  small  Walnut  produced  under  glass  on  the 
shoot  of  the  year,  which  after  having  been  stopped 
formed  a  bud  which  developed  flowers,  two  of  which 


562 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885. 


were  set.  Unfortunately  the  two  fruits  were  acci- 
dentally knocked  off,  but  it  is  hardly  likely  that  they 
would  have  continued  to  swell  after  the  fall  of  the 
leaf. 

ApoTirECARiEs'  Botanic  Garden,  Chel- 
sea.— We  have  on  several  occasions  lately  made 
allusion  to  this  old-established  institution,  whose  pii- 
mary  object  is,  as  it  has  been  for  the  last  200  years,  the 
teaching  of  botany  to  medical  student?,  and  latterly 
also  to  youofj  women  and  tolaci^sin  training  for 
governesses  in  public  schools.  We  now  learn  that 
during  the  present  year  the  number  of  visitors,  mostly 
sludcnts,  has  been  2Ti\,  of  whom  some  1200  were 
males  and  the  remainder  females.  The  Society  gives 
a  gold  and  also  a  silver  medal  in  both  classes  of 
students  to  those  who  pass  the  most  creditable 
examinations. 

Acacias  at  Worthing.  -  One  of  the  things 

that  strike  the  botanical  observer  most  forcibly  as  he 
steps  out  from  his  hotel  at  Nice  into  the  public 
squires  is  the  profusion  of  tall  trees  of  Australian 
Acacia-:,  such  as  he  is  accustomed  to  see  in  England 
only  as  small  greenhouse  plants,  or  at  best  in  the 
temperatehouse  at  Kew.  There  are  favoured  spots, 
however,  in  these  islands  where  Acacias  can  be  grown 
to  advantage,  in  illustration  of  which  Mr.  Bateman 
biought  to  the  Horticultural  Society  on  Tuesday  last 
some  branches  of  A.  retinodes  in  flower,  and  which 
were  taken  from  a  plant  that  has  stood  without  pro- 
tection other  than  that  afforded  by  a  wall  in  the 
garden  of  Mr.  Bateman  at  Worthing. 

The  Botanic  Garden,  Glasgow.  —  The 

Town  Council  held  a  meeting  with  regard  to  this 
garden,  and  have  decided  to  allow  the  Society— and 
the  directors  have  consented — to  continue  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  grounds  until  Maich  31,  1SS7,  and  any 
deficit  then  remaining  is  to  be  made  up  by  the  sale  of 
plants  and  other  moveable  property  of  the  Society. 

The  Movements   of   Plants.— This  was 

the  subject  of  an  interesting  lecture  delivered  by 
the  Rev.  G.  IIenslow,  on  the  io\h  inst.,  on  the 
opening  of  the  winter  session  of  the  Ealing  Nitural 
Historyand  Microscopical  Society,  lie  commenced  by 
stating  that  it  was  once  thought  that  movement 
cons  itutej  a  main  distinction  between  animals  and 
plants,  but  is  no  longer  held  to  be  so.  A  tree  cannot 
move  in  the  sense  in  which  a  lion  can  ;  but  every 
plant  has  an  actual  movement  of  its  own.  An  acorn 
was  first  taken  as  an  illustration.  The  radicle  goes 
down  and  moves  in  irregular  ellipses  and  circles.  The 
plant  has  an  attraction  for  moisture,  and  will  seek  it. 
If  the  leading  root  is  cut  off  it  will  cease  to  go  down, 
but  br.anch  out  horizontally.  There  is  also  a  motion 
of  rejec'.ion.  If  the  radicle  comes  into  contact  with 
an  obstacle  it  turns  away  and  seeks  another  direction. 
This  was  illustrated  by  means  of  a  coloured  illustra- 
tion of  a  Radish  which  had  tied  itself  into  a  knot  and 
was  sketched  by  Mr.  W.  (J.  Smith  in  lS66-an  apt 
illustration  of  circumnutation.  The  roots  of  plants 
have  been  known  to  pass  under  roadways  to  reach 
a  ditch,  stimulated  thereto  by  the  moisture  con- 
tained in  it.  The  upward  shoot  is  not  always 
sent  up  straight  from  the  radicle  ;  it  has  to  find 
its  way  through  the  soil,  and  twists  and  turns 
in  doing  so  ;  but  when  out  of  the  soil  the  tendency  is 
to  grow  erect.  The  Strawberry  and  L'otentilla  both 
produce  runners  ;  a  stem  is  thrown  out  which  pro- 
duces a  tuft  which  makes  a  plant,  and  this  in  its  turn 
form;  another  tult.  The  case  of  climbing  plants  was 
instanced,  moving  by  way  of  their  slender  stems. 
Sjme  plants  turn  to  the  left,  others  to  the  right.  This 
movement  is  done  by  circumnutation,  but  regular 
and  symmetrical,  describing  circles.  Oiher  plants 
climb  in  a  very  diff.-rent  way.  The  Traveller's  Joy 
(Clematis  vitalba)  climbs  by  means  of  its  leaves,  the 
piti)Ies  of  the  leaves  furnishing  the  means;  the 
Pea  climbs  by  means  of  its  tendrils,  and  so  fa^ens 
itself  to  an  object.  This  movement  on  the  part  of 
climbers  was  farther  illustrated  by  means  of  the  Vine 
an i  Virginian  Creeper.  Then  there  is  rapid  motion 
and  slow  motion.  The  Telegraph  Plant,  as  it  is 
termed,  proceeds  by  jerking  processes.  It  is  one  of 
some  plants  that  are  said  to  go  to  sleep.  The  Sen- 
sitive Phnt  is  an  illustration  of  quick  motion.  This 
also  miy  be  said  to  go  to  sleep,  and  so  does  the 
garden  Lupin.     The  lecuuer  then  proceeded  to  speak 

.  of  vernation,  or  the  various  ways  in  which  the  leaves 
are  arranged  and  fill  up  the  bud.     This  was  illus- 


trated in  various  ways.  The  case  of  the  Mescmbry- 
anthemum  was  mentioned,  the  flowers  of  which  close 
when  the  sun  ceases  to  shine.  The  case  of  Tri- 
folium  sub'.erraneum  was  mentioned  as  an  illustra- 
tion of  a  plant  that  buries  its  seeds  in  the  soil,  and 
the  Cyclamen  also. 

"  Ve  Original  Little  Booke  on  Daffo- 
dils."—A  prettily  illustrated  catalogue  of  the  Daffo- 
dil, by  W.  Baylor  Hartland,  of  Temple  Hill, 
Cork,  has  reached  us.  The  numerous  illustrations 
seem  very  correctly  done,  one  of  the  best  being  a 
plate  of  the  cernuus  varieties,  from  photographs,  and 
exhibited  on  a  black  ground.  The  text  is  historical 
and  controversial,  and  authorities  are  freely  quoted, 
so  that  it  is  really  something  more  ambitious  than  a 
trade  list. 

Flowering   Plants  and   Ferns  of  the 

Riviera  —Messrs.  Trcbner  &  Co.  have  published 
a  series  of  eighty  coloured  plates  of  the  plants  of  the 
Riviera,  with  accompanying  text  by  Mr.  C.  BiCKNELL, 
and  on  which  it  will  be  our  duty  to  remark  at  greater 
length  on  a  subsequent  occasion. 

The    Inner    Tkmple    Chrysanthemum 

Show.— The  usual  display  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
flowers  in  reflexed  and  hybrid  Japanese  varieties  is 
now  to  be  witnessed  in  the  small  greenhouse  near  the 
I'^mbankment  entrance  to  the  Gardens.  The  plants 
are  as  well  grown  as  we  now  have  got  accustomed  to 
see  them  ;  and  besides  the  older  favourites,  there  are 
some  excellent  new  varieties  in  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  a 
sulphur-white;  Madlle.  Antoinette  Brunei,  p  ile  rose 
suffused  wiih  white,  the  florets  being  tubular  ;  another 
with  similar  florets  is  Porcupine,  arosy-lilac  ;  and  Val 
d'Andorre,  Mad.  de  Seroni,  John  Liing,  M.  de 
Mousillac,  mentioned  in  our  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  show  report.  Galathc;  and  Colibri  are  not 
in  good  form  here  this  year, 

DisA  cornuta  and  Satyrium  carneum. 

— Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  P.  Bark  we  have  been 
enabled  to  examine  flowers  of  these  plants  grown  in 
the  nursery  at  Tooting.  The  Disi,  which  is  rare,  his 
a  flower-spike  of  24  inches  in  length,  wiih  six  blos- 
soms open  ;  the  helmet  is  pale  blue,  the  lip  pure 
white,  having  in  the  centre  o(  the  throat  a  small  spot 
of  blackish-purple.  The  spike  of  Satyrium  measures 
6  inches  in  length  and  3  in  diameter,  the  flowers  being 
pink  and  white,  and  densely  packed  together. 

Hot-water  Throttle  Valves.— A  valve 

has  been  brought  out  by  Messrs.  Beck  &  (.0.,  Great 
Suffolk  Street,  SDiilhwark,  which  seems  to  fulfil 
admirably  the  conditions  of  a  secure  valve  for  hot- 
water  pipes.  We  know  how  readily,  with  hard  water 
used,  the  valves,  of  whatever  metal  they  may  be  made, 
become  encrusted  with  sediment,  and  also  corrode, 
owing  to  the  salts  in  such  water  ;  it  therefore  tends 
to  greater  etliciency  when  the  valves  can  readily  be 
taken  out  and  cleaned,  as  in  those  before  us. 

Testimonial  to  Mr.  W.  Ingram.  —We  learn 

from  W.  L.  Emmerson,  Hon.  Secretary,  Waltham- 
on-Wolds,  Melton  Mowbray,  that  it  is  proposed  to 
recognise,  by  a  suitable  testimonial,  the  services  of 
Mr.  W.  Ingram,  which  have  been  devoted  to  the 
science  and  practice  of  horticulture,  at  Belvoir,  for 
the  last  thirty  years.  All  who  are  interested  in 
gardening,  and  have  enjiyed  the  privilege  of  seeing 
the  charming  spring  gardens  at  Belvoir  Castle,  will 
readily  acquiesce  in  the  propriety  of  a  proposal  that 
an  acknowledgment  at  least  is  due  to  the  author  of 
a  style  of  gardening  that  has  tended  so  much  to  the 
increased  cultivation  of  our  most  cherished  hardy 
flowers  The  following  gentlemen  have  consented 
to  act  as  a  committee  to  carry  out  the  above  object  :  — 
Rev.  Canon  Swells,  Rev.  Canon  Hole,  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Canon  Foster,  Major  Newion,  Rev.  Professor 
Blake,  and  H.  Smith,  Esq. 

The  Essex  Field  Club.— The  sixty-second 

ordinary  meeting  of  the  Club  will  be  held  in  the 
Loughton  Public  Hall,  Loughton,  Essex,  on  Satur- 
day, October  31,  at  half-past  6  o'clock.  The  follow- 
ing paper  will  be  read  :—"  Mosses  and  their  Allies, 
with  special  reference  to  those  of  Essex  ;  "  by  Pro- 
fessor Boulger,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S.,  &c.,  Vice-Pre- 
sident E.F.C. 

Silos   and  Ensilage.— A    most    valuable 

parliamentary  paper  has  been  issued  relating  to  these 


subjects,  containing  the  replies  to  various  questions 
addressed  to  farmers  and  landowners  in  Great  Britain, 
with  a  view  of  eliciting  facts  and  of  obtaining  the  re- 
sults of  their  experiments.  Reports  have  been  re- 
ceived from  11S3  individuals,  963  of  the  silos  beirg 
in  England,  59  in  Wales,  and  161  in  Scotland, 
the  number  being  about  double  what  it  was  in  the 
preceding  year.  In  almost  all  cases  an  improvement 
in  the  quantity  and  quality  of  both  milk  and  butter  is 
reported  from  the  use  of  ensilage,  so  that  there  cin 
now  be  scarcely  any  doubt  as  to  the  "  importance  of 
ensilage  as  an  auxiliary  to  other  food  for  animals 
whether  for  dairy,  store,  or  young  stock,  among  cattle 
as  well  as  other  kinds  of  stock  .  .  .  [and]  it  appears 
probable  .  .  .  that  farmers  will  be  by  its  adoption  in 
considerable  measure  compensated  for  the  loss  which 
they  sustain  in  bad  seasons  for  haymaking,  while  the 
importance  of  the  statement  to  the  effr;ct  that  a  larger 
number  of  stock  can  be  kept  on  land  where  the 
method  of  ensiling  crops,  even  of  an  otherwise  un- 
promising kind,  is  practised  will  hardly  fail  to  receive 
attention." 

The  Surveyors'  Institution.— The  first 

ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  session  will  be  held 
on  Monday,  Xovember  9,  at  12,  Great  George 
Street,  Westminster,  S.W.,  when  the  President,  Mr. 
E.  I'Anson,  will  open  the  session  with  an  address. 
The  chair  to  be  taken  at  S  o'clock.  Those  pro- 
posing to  enter  their  names  for  the  students'  pre- 
liminary examination,  to  be  held  on  January  19  and 
20,  18S6,  must  intimate  their  intention  to  the  Secre- 
tary before  the  last  day  of  November.  Students 
eligible  for  the  proficiency  examination,  to  be  held  in 
April,  1SS6,  must  give  notice  of  Iht  sub-division 
(table  A  of  rules)  in  which  they  elect  to  be  examined, 
not  later  than  the  last  day  of  November.  Examina- 
tions qualifying  for  the  classes  of  professional  Asso- 
ciates and  Fellows  will  also  be  held  in  the  month  of 
April  ^next.  Names  of  applicants  for  these  later 
examinations  to  be  sent  in  before  January  9  next. 
All  particulars  as  to  days,  subjects,  and  course  of 
examination  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to  the 
Secretary. 

HiPPOrHAKRHAMNOlDts.— The  silvery  grey 

foliage  of  this  rare  native  shrub  is  pleasing  on  its  own 
account,  and  when  planted  am")ngst  other  shrubs  or 
in  the  front  of  trees  is  conspicuous  enough  to  warrant 
its  being  more  extensively  cultivated.  The  short 
lateral  branches  terminate  in  a  strong  spine,  and  from 
the  fact  of  its  being  a  maritime  plant,  and  naturally 
adapted  to  resist  the  sea  breezes,  it  is  generally  known 
as  the  Sea  Buckthorn.  There  is  no  difficulty,  how- 
ever, in  cultivating  it  inland,  nor  in  fruiting  it  as 
successfully  as,  or  even  better  than  the  Eixagnus,  to 
which  it  is  closely  allied.  One  thing  with  regard 
to  this  must  be  observed,  namely,  ihat  the  plant  is 
dioecious,  and  requires  male  and  female  plants  in  the 
vicinity  in  order  to  ensure  the  fertilisation  of  the 
flowers.  W^hen  this  happens,  the  orange  coloured, 
berry-like  fruit  is  produced  in  great  abundance,  and 
persisting  on  the  plant  for  a  long  time  after  maturity, 
constitutes  it  a  valuable  subject  for  autumnal  effects. 
The  berry-like  fruit  is  simply  a  fleshy  calyx-tube,  and 
shows  what  resources  are  at  Ni'ures  command  for  the 
dispersion  or  dissemination  of  the  seed.  The  plant  is 
figured  in  English  Botany,  6425,  and  many  other 
works  of  note.  A  group  of  healthy,  young,  fruiting 
specimens  may  be  seen  by  the  pond  in  front  of  Museum 
No,  I,  at  Kew, 

AiiiRlDES  Leoni.m, — A  species  discovered  in 

Birmah  by  M.  Allan  Goss.  According  to  the 
October  number  of  the  Orc/ii.lo/'hile,  wherein  a 
coloured  figure  is  given,  it  is  a  vigorous  plant,  with 
roots  more  than  a  yard  long,  while  ihe  rich  green 
foliage  does  not  spot  as  that  of  A.  Larpcnlse  rloes. 
The  flowers  are  in  loose  racemes,  each  about  I.j  inch 
in  diameter,  whitish,  with  deep  violet  tips,  and  with 
a  delicate  perfume.  The  flowers,  produced  in  June 
and  July,  last  in  perfection  for  three  weeks.  M. 
Godefroy  cultivates  it  in  a  basket  in  a  moist  stove, 

Publications  Received. — Reports  of  the 

Botanical  Exchange  Club  of  the  British  Isles  for 
18S3  and  18S4.  —  Canadian  Record  of  Science.  (Mon- 
treal.) 

Gardening  Appoint.ments.— Mr.  J.  Wvke, 

who  has,  until  recently,  been  Gardener  to  Mrs.  Dunn, 
Henley  Grove,  Westbury-on-Trym,  Bristol,  has  taken 
charge  of  Mrs.  Dunn's  gardens  at  Eccleshall  Castle, 
Eccleshall,  Staffordshire. — Mr.  E.  Jones,  Lindley 
Hall  Gardens,  Nuneaton,  has  been  appointed  Gar- 
dener [at  Steventon  Manor  Gardens,  Micheldever, 
Hants. 


October  31, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICEE. 


563 


||rcl|id  Ijotes  and  lleanings. 


VANDA  CCERULEA. 
When  I  read  at  page  431  that  "  ihe  difllcully 
attached  to  the  growing  of  this  species  is  doubtless 
the  greatest  obstacle  that  prevents  its  becoming  com- 
mnn,"  I  feit  that  the  writer  had  not  sufficient  know- 
ledge of  the  subject  about  which  be  was  writing,  and 
a  second  letter  at  page  522  confirms  that  impression. 
First  as  to  culture  ;  I  maintain  Vanda  ccrrulea  is 
easily  grown.  That  it  was  considered  difficult  lo 
manage  twenty  years  ago  is  no  reason  why  it  should 
be  stated  lo  be  diflicuU  now;  shutting  one's  eyes  to 
the  fact,  that  it  is  to  be  seen  well  grown  in  a  score  of 
public  and  private  gardens  near  London.  My  own 
experience  with  it  is  this.  I  bought  seven  plants  of  it 
seme  eighleen  months  ago  ;  they  were  the  lowest 
priced  ones,  casting  £},  for  the  lot,  hence  they  are 
small.  One  of  the  smallest  plants  has  a  spike  with 
twenty  flowers ;  a  larger  plant  has  I  wo  spikes  wiih  thirty- 
one  flowers.  Two  of  the  others  have  two  spikes  e:ich, 
the  remainder  one  spike  each.  The  plants  are  grown 
at  the  lightest  part  of  the  Cattleya-house,  where  ihey 
get  the  greatest  heat  by  day,  and  the  coolest  tempera- 
ture at  night.  They  are  close  to,  indeed  a'most 
touchine,  the  glass,  at  the  south  end,  the  part  that 
catches  most  sun  ;  but  it  is  the  end  furthest  from  the 
boiler.  *'  F."  has  now  defined  *'  a  handsome  flower- 
ing specimen  "  to  be  a  plant  7  inches  high,  with  one 
raceme  having  eleven  flowers  on  it.  I  quite  agree 
with  "  F."  that  the  flowers  are  more  handsome  than 
those  of  Vanda  coerulescens,  but  they  are  not  nearly 
so  pretty.  Is  it  a  mere  fancy  of  "  F,"  or  U  it  a  well 
asceitained  fact,  that  the  yellow  spot,  and  the  three 
longitudinal  plates  on  the  labellum  of  V.  crerulea 
"serve  as  guides  to  the  fertilizing  insects?  "  If  the 
colours  of  the  flowers  were  a  guide  to  insects,  what  a 
confusion  there  would  be  amongst  them  in  a  house  of 
Carnations  in  flower,  but  there  is  none. 

Orchids  at  Silverdalk  Lodse,  Sydenham, 
The  owner  of  this  choice  collection  of  Orchids, 
Waiter  Cobb,  E=,q.,  is  an  enthusiastic  cultivator,  and, 
wiih  the  aid  of  his  gardener  has  succeeded  in 
producing  some  wonderful  specimens  of  good  cul- 
tivation. The  plants  are  kept  in  capital  order,  and 
all  the  surroundings  scrupulously  clean.  I  would  like 
to  say  here  that  cleanliness  has  much  to  do  with  the 
successful  culture  of  orchidaceous  plants,  and  efpe- 
cially  so  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London.  Thiwood 
and  glass  work  of  the  houses  become  ingrained  both 
o'ltside  and  inside  with  dirt  ofa  nature  that  slicks  fasS 
and  requires  a  good  deal  of  rubbing  to  remove  it. 
The  leaves  of  the  plants  also  become  thickly  spotted 
with  "blacks,"  requiring  washing  with  soapy  waler 
and  a  soft  sponge  several  limes  a  year.  White  scale, 
thrips,  greenfly,  and  other  troublesome  pests  must  all 
be  kept  from  the  plants,  else  no  success  will  be 
achieved  worthy  of  the  name.  There  is  not  much  to 
be  seen  in  flower  in  any  collection  at  present,  although 
there  is  always  something  in  flower  even  in  late 
autumn  ;  but  we  generally  begin  the  Orchid  season  with 
the  Indian  Crocuses  and  Pleiones.  They  are  followed, 
or  perhaps  coeval  with  the  white  Masdevallias,  and 
other  choice  winter  flowering  kinds.  In  Mr.  Cotib's 
collection  Vanda  Sandeiiana  is  in  flower  ;  one  fine 
plant  has  three  spikes  with  nineteen  flowers  on  them. 
The  longest  spike  has  ten  flowers  open  on  it.  This 
splendid  acquisition  has  now  proved  itself  to  be 
winter-flowering,  and  when  established  does  not 
seem  to  be  of  dilTicult  culture  ;  it  requires  to 
be  grown,  of  course,  in  the  warmest  house.  I 
had  not  previously  seen  the  new  Angrxcum  Leonis 
in  flower  ;  two  small  specimens  were  in  flower,  and 
very  beautiful  they  were.  When  well  established  this 
species  will  be  the  most  popular  in  the  genus.  A. 
Ellisii  was  producing  a  moderate-sized  spike.  Mr. 
Cobb  is  the  owner  of  some  very  rare  forms  of  Cat tieyas 
and  Lxlias.  There  is  in  flower  a  species  which  we 
thought  to  be  quite  new;  it  may  be  a  form  of  C. 
speciosissima,  but  it  has  flowers  as  large  as  a  mode- 
ra'e-sized  C.  gigas,  and  not  unlike  that  species  in 
form,  although  the  colours  are  more  of  C.  speciosis- 
sima. The  growths  are  very  small  and  quite  distinct. 
Two  flowers  have  been  produced  on  one  spike.  The 
petals  are  of  a  clear  pale  rosy-HIac  colour,  2j  inches 
wide.  The  fringed  lip  is  prettily  marbled  with  pur- 
plish-crimson, the  throat  whitish.     There  is  a  pretty 


form  of  Lxlia  elegans,  with  white  sepals  and  petals, 
but  the  purplish  lip  is  distinct  from  that  of  the 
original  L.  elegans  alba.  Zygopetalum  Gautieri  was 
exceedingly  pretty,  the  sepals  and  petals,  of  a  green 
colour,  were  nearly  covered  with  brown  blotches,  the 
lip  rich  blue.  Lcelia  Dayana  is  a  bright  little  species 
at  this  season  of  the  year  ;  a  few  plants  suspended 
from  the  roof  were  very  attractive.  The  sepals  and 
petals  rich  rosy-purple,  and  the  lip  rich  crimson- 
purple,  are  the  characteristics  of  this  species.  J".  D. 


ABIES     GRANDIS. 

The  confusion  in  the  nomenclature  of  our  coniferous 
trees  has  arisen  from  imperfect  information  to  begin 
with,   from  accidental  misplacement  of  labels,  from 


the  separation  in  herbaria  of  branches  from  the 
cones,  ani  oiher  causes  into  which  it  is  not  necessary 
to  enter.  Suffice  it  to  say,  ihat  each  year,  as  the  cones 
ripen  and  the  trees  come  to  maturity,  we  have  the 
opportunity  of  clearing  up  some  of  the  confusion  that 
his  arisen.     It  -is  for  this  reason  that  we  now  publish 


an  illustration  (fig.  12S,  p.  561)  of  the  cones  of  A. 
grandii,  produced  at  Penhryn  Castle. 

A.  grandii  forms  in  our  plantations  a  particularly 
elegant  tree  of  pyramidal  habit  with  slender  branches 
arranged  in  tiers,  and  with  a  long  leading  shoot,  which 
gives  a  particular  character  to  the  tree     The  bark  of 


the  tree  in  cultivation  is  brown,  with  a  few  longi- 
tudinal sinuous  crack?,  glabrous,  or  at  first  thinly 
covered  with  short  reddish-brown  hiirs.  The  buds 
are  ovoid,  but  more  elongate  than  those  of  the  nearly 
allied  A.  Lowiana,  and  the  bud-scales  are  pushed  otf 
in  the  form  of  a  small  cap.  The  side  buds  of  the 
crown  of  buds  at  the  end  of  the  shoot  start  into 
growth  earlier  than  the  central  bud  does.  The  leaves 
on  the  lateral  shoots  of  the  year  form  apparently  two 
ranks,  but  are  probably  arranged  on  the  three-eighth 
plan.  They  are  dark  olive-green,  the  innermost  or 
uppermost  being  shorter  than  the  lower,  and  they  are 
so  arranged  as  to  leave  a  bare  space  or  parting  in  the 
centre.  On  the  leader  shoots  there  is  not  so  much 
ditT^rence  in  the  relative  length  of  the  leaves,  and  the 
inner  or  upper  ones  are  somewhat  appressed  to  the 
stem.  The  leaf  in  all  cases  is  linear  ligulate,  blunt, 
notched  at  the  apex,  and  channelled  in  the  middle  of 
the  upper  surface.  The  nnrgins  are  rolled  round  on 
to  the  under  surface,  and  between  them  and  the  mid- 
rib are  two  silvery  bands  marking  the  position  of  the 
stomata  or  breathing  pores.     The  young  shoots  with 


the  leaves  are  upturned,  flat  beneath  and  concave  on 
the  upper  surface.  For  further  details  relating  lo  the 
botany  of  the  species  we  may  refer  to  our  article  in 
these  columns,  February  5,  iSSi,  where  we  had  occa- 
sion to  figure  a  native  grown  cone,  and  then  added  a 
desciiplion  of  the  tree  as  grown  here. 

The  form  known  as  Gordoniana,  from  Vancouver's 
Island,  is  scarcely  worth  keeping  up  as  distinct  as  the 
tree  has  an  extensive  geographical  range,  and,  no 
doubt,  varie5  considerably.  The  Gordon  variety  is 
perhaps  handsomer,  denser  in  habit,  and  of  deeper 
colour  than  most  of  the  specimens.  We  add  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  Sargent's  forest  Trees  of  North 
America^  and  with  it  close  our  remarks  on  this  species, 
the  confusion  concerning  which  is  now  well-nigh  dis- 
pelled, though  as  much  cannot  be  said  of  some  of  its 
near  allies.  Professor  Sargent  tells  us  that  the  tree  ' 
is  known  as  the  White  Fir,  and  that  its  distribution 
is  from — 

"  Vancouver's  Island,  south  to  Mendocino  County, 
California,  near  the  coast  ;  interior  valleys  of  Western 
Washington  Territory  and  Oregon, south  to  the  Umpqua 
River,  Cascade  Mountains  below  4000  feet  elevation, 
through  the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon  (Cusick)  to  the  ' 
eastern  slope  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  Mountains  (Cooper), 
tlie  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  Idaho  (Watson),  and  the 
western  slopes  of  ilie  Rocky  Mountains  of  Northern 
Montana  (Flaihead  region,  Canby  and  Sargent), 

"  A  large  tree.  61  to  92  metres  in  height,  with  a  trunk 
0,90  to  1.^0  metre  in  diameter,  most  common  and  reach- 
ing its  greatest  development  in  the  bottom  lands  of 
Western  Washington  Territory  and  Oregon,  in  rich  moist 
soil  or  moist  mountain  slopes,  then  much  smaller,  rarely 
exceeding  30  metres  in  height. 

"  Wood  very  light,  soft,  not  strong,  coarse-grained, 
ompact ;  bands  of  small  summer  cells  broader  than  in 
other  American  species,  dark  coloured,  resinous,  con- 
spicuous ;  medullary  rays  numerous,  obscure,  colour 
light  brown,  the  sapwood  rather  ligliler  ;  specific  gravity, 
03545;  ^sh,  049;  in  Western  Oregon  manufactured 
into  lumber  and  used  for  interior  finish,  packing-cafes, 
cooperage,.  &c." 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS    AT    FINS- 
BURY  PARK. 

This  recently  laid  out  park  has  since  its  com- 
mencement been  very  favourably  esteemed  by  the 
inhabitants  of  the  district  during  the  summer  months 
in  consequence  of  its  cleanly  aspect  and  the  high-class 
'•  beddin^-out  "  wiLli  which  it  has  been  beautified. 
Bjt  at  present  there  is  the  usual  chirm  oi  the  Chry- 
sanlhemum  exhibition.  This  year  we  have  no  hesi- 
tation in  stating  that  through  the  cffurts  of  Mr.  Mard- 
lin,  the  head  gardener,  the  Chrysanthemums  are  in 
as  fine  a  state  as  heretofore.  Over  1600  are  grown, 
and  it  certainly  says  a  great  deal,  when  we  state  that 
few  plants  in  the  whole  collection  can  be  said  to  be  of 
inferior  quality.  They  are  all  or  nearly  so  in  Sinch 
put-,  dwarf,  compact,  and  have  that  peculiar  dull 
green  leathery-looking  foliage  that  denotes  vigorous 
health  and  strong  perfect  blooms.  Some  of  the  blooms 
are  certainly  "out  of  the  common,"  and  although  many 
persons  may  think  that  the  neighbourhood  of  Finsbury 
Park  is  more  favoured,  on  account  of  its  high  eleva- 
ti:in,  than  other  situations  in  and  around  the  "  smoke," 
we  certainly  think  that  the  neighbourhood  has  its  due 
share  of  drawbacks  in  various  ways,  best  known  to 
the  dwellers  in  the  district. 

The  old  favourites  are  nearly  all  represented,  and 
include  good  examples  of  the  following  : — Lady  Sel- 
borne,  one  of  the  favourites  with  everybody  ;  I\eful- 
gence,  some  grand  examples  of  Elaine,  9  inches 
across,  with  an  unusual  quantity  of  petals  of  fine  sub- 
stance ;  Mrs.  Heale,  some  splendid  blooms  of  Comte 
de  Germiny,  Etoile  Toulousaine,  the  lively  coloured 
Tendresse,  some  fine  showy  plants  of  Flamme  de 
Punch,  Tisiphone,  striking  from  its  delicately  formed 
petals  and  pleasing  colour  ;  fine  examples  of  Emily 
Dile  ;  Chang  still  holds  its  position  as  a  telling 
variety,  and  ought  to  be  in  every  collection  j  L'Or  du 
Rhin,  very  pretty  yellow  ;  and  Auiea  Multi- 
flora,  another  grand  yellow  ;  Monsieur  Tarm, 
a  very  good  pink  ;  Mrs.  George  Rundle,  with 
good  blooms  ;  also  Ilivre  I-'leur,  Red  Dragon,  Prince 
of  Wales,  George  Glenny,  llueen  of  England,  Soleil 
Levant,  a  grand  old  yellow  or  deep  canary  ;  King  of 
Crimsons,  a  good  old  reflexed  j  Jane  Salter,  Margot, 
La  Nymphe,  very  refreshing  in  a  group ;  Lord 
Wolseley,  Lord  Derby,  Criterion,  Laciniatum,  a  very 
pretty  little  old  variety,  little  grown  now,  but  well 
deserving  of  a  place  in  every  collection  ;  Princess  of 
Wales,  St,   Patrick,   Mr.   Bunn,  very  good ;    Miss 


564 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885. 


Hope,  rather  a  disappointing  variety  as  a  rule,  is  this 
year  very  good  here.  Amongst  the  newer  varieties 
which  have  stood  the  test  the  best  are  Monsieur 
Boyer,  a  very  lively  salmon-pink  bloom,  though  rather 
small  :  Monsieur  Mousillac,  a  grand  thing,  very 
showy,  of  a  deep  rich  crimson  ;  Mastic,  very  choice 
canary,  early;  and  Monsieur  Henri  Jacotot,  another 
very  brilliant  crimson. 

Of  this  year's  novelties  the  finest  were  L'Or  de 
France,  a  small  showy  orange-yellow  ;  Colibri,  a  dull 
crimson,  reverse  of  petals  lighter  ;  Monsieur  Raux, 
after  Colibri,  but  lighter  ;  Fabian  de  Mediana,  pretty 
tasselled  bloom,  light  centre,  ends  of  petals  pink  ; 
M.  Cochet,  a  neat  light  pink  ;  Fernand  Feral,  a  very 
good  bright  pink  ;  Joseph  Mahood,  a  grand  yellow  ; 
Madame  de  Sevin,  a  veiv  pretty  bright  crimson ; 
Frijon,  brilliant  yellow  ;  Rose  du  Matin,  a  pretty 
reflexed  pink  ;  Sceur  Dorothee  Saville,  a  very  choice 
Japanese  Anemone,  Souvenir  du  Japon,  light  crimson, 
with  curiously  twisted  narrow  petals ;  and  Emblem, 
a  very  good  orange-yellow.  The  collection,  being 
very  tastefully  arranged,  presents  on  the  whole  a 
charming  eBecf,  and  will  bear  comparison  with  most 
of  the  collections  round  London. 


DISEASE     AND      DECAY      IN 

FRUIT.— III.* 
Aspergillus  glaucus,  Link,  and  Eurotium 

HERUARIORU.M,    LiNK. 

Equally  common  with  the  blue  mould  fungus, 
Penicillium  crustaceum.  Fries,  of  fruit,  preserves,  &c., 
already  described,  is  Aspergillus  glaucus,  Lk.,  and  its 
second  condition,  Eurotium  herbariorum,  Lk.  Like 
Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.,  Aspergillus  spreads  over 
various  decaying  substances,  it  causes  one  form  of 
"mouldiness,"  and  is  extremely  common  on  fruit, 
preserves,  dry  bread,  cheese,  lard,  &c. 

Aspergillus  is  the  name  of  the  brush  used  fur 
sprinkling  holy  water  in  the  Roman  Church,  and  the 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  fungus  before  us  from  a 
fanciful  resemblance  between  the  two.  Aspergillus 
resembles  a  mop  in  form  rather  than  a  brush  ;  glaucus 
refers  to  the  greyish-blue  or  sea-green  colour  of  the 
spores.  The  general  restmblance,  as  seen  by  the 
unaided  eye,  of  Aspergillus  to  Mucor— a  fungus  which 
causes  "  mustiness,"  and  to  be  next  described— is 
shown  by  its  synonyms,  viz  ,  Mucor  glaucu?,  L  , 
M.  Aspergillus,  Biilliardi,  and  Monilia  glauca, 
Persoon.  Its  superficial  resemblance  to  Penicillium 
is  shown  in  the  specific  name  of  Penicillium 
glaucum,  Grev, 

A  peculiar  resting  condition  of  Aspergillus  glaucus, 
Lk,,  was  for  many  years  described  as  a  distinct 
species  of  fungu?,  under  the  name  of  Eurotium  her- 
bariorum, Lk.  At  the  present  time  Aspergillus  and 
Eurotium  are  known  to  be  merely  diflsrent  conditions 
of  the  same  mould.  The  Eurotium  grows  on  the 
same  substances  as  the  Aspergillus,  and  the  former 
plant  is  the  resting  condition  of  the  latter. 

The  name  Eurotium  is  derived  from  a  Greek  word, 
and  means  mouldiness  ;  herbariorum  has  been  given 
to  the  perfect  condition  of  the  fungus  because  its 
perfect  state  is  commonly  best  seen  on  damp  plants, 
often  in  dried  plants  in  herbaria.  The  resting  form 
is  also  common  on  fruit?,  preserves,  and  other 
decaying  bodies.  The  superficial  resemblance  of  this 
condition  of  the  fungus  to  Mucor  is  shown  by  one  of 
its  synonyms,  viz.,  M.  herbariorum,  Pers. ;  another 
synonym  is  Farinaria  sulphurea.  Sow.;  the  specific 
name  bears  reference  to  the  mycelium,  which  is  often 
sulphury-yellow  in  colour. 

Aspergillus  bears  the  same  relation  to  Eurotium  as 
Oidium  does  to  Erysiphe,  the  Aspergillus  being  (like 
Oidium)  the  conidium-beaiing,  or  imperfect,  simple, 
naked-spore-bearing  state. 

It  is  usual  in  botanical  descriptions  to  give  the  im- 
perfect or  conidioid  condition  of  a  fungus  first,  I  will 
therefore  first  describe  the  Aspergillus.  Aspergillus 
chiefly  grows  on  fruits,  preserves,  and  decaying  vege- 
table substances,  often  in  company  with  Penicillium, 
already  described,  and  Mucor,  to  be  described  next. 
It  is  one  of  the  blue  moulds  of  cheese,  to  which  it 
gives  one  of  the  peculiar  flavours  so  agreeabletosome,  so 
disagreeable  to  other  persons.  The  "mouldy  "  odour 
from  the  spores,  however,  when  they  are  produced 
in  too  great  an  abundance,  is  generally  considered 
offensive.  The  mycelium,  as  seen  by  the  unaided 
eye,  partakes  of  various  shades  of  white,  yellow,  ver- 
digris-green, or  glaucous  blue.     The  mycelium,  when 

•  See  pages  51  and  z^Z. 


seen  on  decaying  fruits,  preserves,  &c. ,  may  all  belong 
to  Aspergillus  glaucus,  Lk.,  or  possibly  to  this  and 
some  four  or  five  other  closely  allied  species  or  varie- 
ties, and  to  other  fungi,  as  Penicillium  and  Mucor. 

When  a  fragment  of  Aspergillus  is  placed  under  the 
microscope  and  magnified  200  diameteis,  it  will  be 
seen  as  at  fig.  132.  The  mycelium  is  very  sparingly 
and  obscurely  septate,  and  distinctly  twisted  in  a 
screw-like  manner,  as  shown  at  A,  A.  From  the  my- 
celium numerous  slender  shafts  arise,  as  at  H,  B,  B, 
each  shaft  being  more  or  less  twisted  like  a  screw. 
Nothing  is  more  common  than  twisting  or  circumnu- 
tion  in  fungi.  Mr.  W.  B.  Grove,  B.A.,  has  recently 
described  and  illustrated  in  the  Journal  of  Bota>n\ 
vol.  xxiii.,  p.  165,  an  Aspergillus,  extremely  close  to 
the  one  we  are  now  examining,  which  he  has  named, 
on  account  of  its  twisting  habit,  Aspergillus  spiralis. 
Grove.  Each  shaft  of  Aspergillus  glaucus,  Lk.,  is 
surmounted  by  a  globose  head,  from  which  spring 
multitudes  of  spores  or  conidia,  as  shown  at  c,  c,  c. 
The  heads  which  surmount  the  fertile  filaments  vary 


in  size  according  to  the  age  of  the  filaments,  as  illus- 
trated. These  shafts  or  fertile  threads,  with  their 
conidia,  represent  the  growth,  which  is  said  to  re- 
semble the  Romish  sprinkling  brush. 

It  should  here  be  noticed  that  Aspergillus  grows  to 
about  four  times  the  height  of  Penicillium  crusta- 
ceum, Fr.,  which  is  enlarged  in  fig.  56  and  fig.  59, 
pp.  26S,  269, to  twice  the  scaleof  Aspergillus,  viz., 400 
diameters. 

In  Muuor  the  spores  or  conidia  are  all  borne  within 
the  head  or  sporangium  ;  in  Aspergillus  they  are  all 
borne  in  chains  outside.  The  chains  of  conidia  some- 
what resemble  those  of  Penicillium,  but  in  the  laiier 
fungus  the  chains  are  continuations  of  branches  frr^m 
the  main  stem,  whilst  in  Aspergillus  the  chains  all 
radiate  from  the  outside  of  the  globose  head. 

In  the  illustration  of  the  largest  fruiting  head  of 
this  fungus,  all  the  chains  of  spores  from  the 
hemisphere  facing  the  spectator  have  been  removed, 
to  show  the  form  of  the  globose  head  with  its  ob- 
scurely reticulated  surface,  and  the  numerous  little 
supports  or  spicules  which  bear  the  chains  of  conidia. 
The  conidia  are  at  first  colourless,  and  as  they  ap- 
proach maturity  they  vary  in  tint  from  a  milky  hue  to 
that  of  verdigris-green.    A  fragment  of  a  chain  of 


conidia  is  shown,  enlarged  to  1000  diameters,  at  D, 
attached  to  one  of  the  numerous  minute  supports 
belonging  to  the  spherical  head  ;  part  of  this  head  is 
shown  at  E,  eachconidium  is  attached  to  its  fellow  by 
an  extremely  narrow  septate  neck,  as  at  F.  The  conidia 
are  produced  in  basipetal  order,  i.e.,  new  conidia  are 
constantly  produced  from  the  globular  head,  and  each 
new  conidium  pushes  the  older  conidia  further  away 
from  the  supporting  spicule;  the  consequence  is,  the 
conidia  furthest  away  from  the  globular  head  are  the 
first  produced  and  the  oldest.  The  conidia,  of  course, 
separate  from  each  other  at  the  septa  or  joints ; 
they,  however,  do  not  separate  very  readily  like 
Penicillium,  but  remain  in  the  chain  condition 
for  a  considerable  time.  The  conidia  germinate  very 
readily  by  opening,  generally  at  the  side,  and  pro- 
ducing a  germ-tube  from  which  other  minute  shafts 
of  Aspergillus  quickly  arise. 

In  Professor  De  Bary's  often  quoted  essay  on  Euro- 
tium, in  the  Bcitrage  znr  Morpliologie  itnd  Phyiio- 
logie  der  Fihe,  1S64,  he  illustrates  an  example  of 
Aspergillus  (as  the  type)  with  an  unusually  small 
head,  about  one  half  the  diameter  of  the  one  I  have 
given  as  a  type  ;  he  also  illustrates  the  conidia  as 
globose  or  slightly  oval  in  shape,  and  he  omits  the 
narrow  septate  neck  between  the  conidia,  and  describes 
and  illustrates  the  extremely  minute  supporting  spi- 
cules as  comparatively  large  and  "peg-shaped" 
bodies,  aslarge,  or  larger,  than  the  conidia  themselves. 
I  have  not  seen  the  conidia  and  spicules  as  Professor 
De  Bary  has  illustrated  them,  and  I  consider  his 
spicules  (sterigmata)  to  be  really  the  first  series  of 
young  conidia  seated  upon  the  minute  true  spicules, 
which  he  has  overlooked. 

It  is  necessary  to  point  out  these  facts,  as  Professor 
De  Bary's  illustrations  have  been  copied  and  recopied 
so  many  times  that  they  are  now  to  be  found  in  every 
text-book  of  Europe.  If  new  illustrations  had  been 
prepared  from  Nature,  and  new  observations  made, 
any  possible  inaccuracies  of  the  plates  I  have  men- 
tioned would  have  been  noticed  and  rectified,  but,  as 
I  shall  show  further  on,  not  only  have  inaccuracies 
been  exaggerated  by  the  copyists,  but  the  c<  pies  have 
been  published  in  such  a  manner  that  none  but  mis- 
leading representations  of  the  fungus  before  us  have 
been  placed  before  students. 

During  the  growth  of  the  conidia  certain  other  pro- 
longations of  the  mycelial  threads  extend  themselves 
in  a  screwlike  manner,  as  shown  at  G.  In  these 
latter  growths  the  twist  or  ciicuinnutation  of  the 
threads  is  more  marked  than  in  the  mycelium  or  the 
conidium  beating  threads.  As  the  apex  of  the  club 
is  reached  the  spiral  turns  grow  closer  and  closer 
together,  till  the  extreme  end  resembles  a  short  hollow 
screw.  The  terminal  growth  of  the  thread  is  more 
clearly  shown  in  fig.  133,  AandB.p.  565,  enlarged  400 
diameters.  It  must  be  noted  that  the  spirally  twisted 
thread  becomes  more  jointed  or  septate  as  the  apex,  is 
reached,  as  shown.  F'rom  the  lower  portions  of  the 
spiral  slender  branches  now  grow  upwards,  as  at  C,  D, 
E,  and  become  closely  adpressed  to  the  coil.  Professor 
De  Bary  says  the  coil  is  a  female  organ  (ascogo- 
nium),  embraced  by  a  male  organ  (poUinodiurn). 
Fusion  DO  doubt  sometimes  takes  place.  Professor 
De  Bary  terms  this  fusion  "  conjugation,"  and  says 
the  protoplasmic  contents  of  the  spiral  and  the 
investing  filaments,  c,  D,  E,  commingle.  Sometimes 
filaments  apparently  identical  with  the  investing 
threads  grow  low  down  on  the  spiral,  as  at  It,  J, 
fig.  132,  and  never  reach  the  terminal  cells.  After 
this  "conjugation  "  new  filaments  continue  to  enve- 
lope the  spiral,  till  at  last  the  spiral  termination  is  quite 
covered,  and  it  at  length  takes  a  globular  form,  some- 
what similar  with  the  analogous  growth  belonging  to 
Penicillium  crustaceum,  Fr.,  as  already  described. 
This  globular  termination  of  certain  filaments  belong- 
ing to  Aspergillus  was  at  one  time  considered  to  be 
a  distinct  fungus,  and  was  known  as  Eurotium 
herbariorum,  Lk.  A  spiral  termination  enveloped 
by  lateral  threads,  and  so  taking  the  Eurotium  or 
globular  form,  is  shown,  enlarged  200  diameters,  at  K, 
fig-  133.  p.  565- 

When  the  infant  Eurotium  ball  is  once  formed  it 
quickly  increases  in  size  by  the  formation  of  new  cells 
by  the  cell  division  of  the  outer  cells  inwards.  This 
cell  growth  goes  on  until  a  minute  ball  the  size  of  F 
(fig.  134)  is  formed,  here  shown  in  section  and  enlarged 
400  diameters.  The  original  investing  cells  are 
shown  by  somewhat  thicker  lines  in  the  outer 
stratum  at  G,  H,  the  newer  cells  are  within,  and 
the  septate  spiral  coil  is  seen  in  the  centre. 
Sprouting  from  the  enmeshed  coil  at  j,  k,  l,  and 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


565 


M  are  flask-like  outgrowths ;  these  are  bags  or 
asci,  each  containing  eight  spores  or  sporidia.  As 
the  production  of  the  asci  goes  on  the  ball  or  perithe- 
ciutn  increases  in  size,  and  the  loose  inner  cells  of 
the  periihecium  collapse  and  disappear.  The  asci 
vviihin  are  nourished  by  and  grow  at  the  expense  of 
the  inner  cells  of  the  periihecium,  exactly  as  in 
Penicillium  and  germinating  Ergot.  The  asci  also 
dissolve,  till  at  length,  when  maturity  is  reached,  the 
E'lrotium  ball  consists  only  of  its  firm  outer  layer  of 
brownish  cells,  and  the  free  spores  from  the  asci, 
exactly  as  in  the  sclerotium  of  Penicilliuin.  This 
body  belonging  to  Eurotium  has  as  much  right  to  be 
termed  a  Truffl;  as  has  the  sclerotium  of  Penicillium. 
There  is,  however,  no  real  resemblance  to  a  Truffle  in 
either  case. 

Three  asci,  each  containing  eight  colourless  spores, 
sporidia,  ascospores,  or  seeds,  taken  out  of  the  Euro- 
tium growth,  are  shown,  enlarged  400  diameters,  at 
N  fi^-  ^Z'h-  "^^^  ^sci  in  Eurotium  are  four  times  the 
size  of  the  similar  bodies  in  Penicillium,  and  the 
spores  of  the  former  are  from  two  to  three  times  the 
size  of  the  spores  of  the  latter.  The  spores  them- 
selves are  at  first  globular,  as  shown  at  o,  but  when 
r.pe  they  take  the  form  of  biconvex  lenses,  as  at  P, 
enlarged  looo  diameters,  fig.  133.  At  germination  the 
spore  splits,  as  shown  at  Q,  and  a  germinal  filament  is 
protruded,  as  at  R,  also  enlarged  1000  diameters.  The 
ascospores  of  Eurotium  and  Penicillium  are  remark- 
ably alike  in  form. 

Further  growth  of  the  ascospore  is  shown  at  s, 
enlarged  203  diameters  ;  the  mycelium  rapidly  spreads 
over  any  dry  and  decaying  vegetable  substance,  soon 
begins  to  citcumnutate  or  grow  spirally,  and  throws  up 
Aspergillus  shafts  as  at  T,  exactly  like  the  growths  we 
'  commenced  with,  and  so  the  life  cycle  is  completed. 
No  sooner  is  the  Aspergillus  produced,  than  a 
tendency  to  the  screw-like  growths  of  the  infant 
Eurotium  also  begins  to  show  itself,  as  at  u. 

Dr.  Montague  was  possibly  the  first  to  detect  the 
asci  of  Eurotium.  Dr.  H.  Reiss  some  yesrs  after- 
wards in  Bolaniuhc  Zeilur.g,  August,  1853,  appears 
to  have  (perhaps  unwittingly)  published  Dr.  Mon- 
tagne's  discovery  as  his  own. 

Dr.  Montague's  protest  against  the  requisition  made 
by  Dr.  H.  Reiss  is  so  characteristic,  that  his  words 
are  here  reproduced  from  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  of  London,  1855,  p.  121  :  — 

"  Eurotium  lateritium,  found  in  the  garrison  bread  by 
Dr.  Raver,  in  the  peridia  of  which  I  have  detected  asci 
containing  spores,  though  this  genus  was  previously 
considered  as  producing  only  naked  spores.  A  German 
botanist  (S<;/.  Zdt.,  1853.  p.  134).  who  has  either  not 
read,  or  forg:>tten  my  observation,  has,  after  a  lapse  of 
four  years,  published  this  fact  as  new.  though  professedly 
passing  in  review  all  the  writers  who  have  spoken  of 
Eurotium.  The  Annah!  dts  Sciences  Niitureltts  is  not, 
however,  a  publication  of  such  obscurity  as  may  justify  a 
writer  who  has  not  consulted  it.  Some,  doubtless, 
would  have  taken  occasion  to  propose  a  new  gpnus.  We 
may,  therefore,  at  least  be  thankful  to  him  for  his 
reserve." 

The  Dr.  Rayer  mentioned  by  Dr.  Montagne  is  the 
keen  observer  who  first  detected  the  bodies  in  Potatos 
now  known  to  be  resting-spores  of  the  fungus  of  the 
Potato  disease. 

Botanists  differ  considerably  in  their  estimate  of 
Professor  De  Bary's  interpretations  of  the  phenomena 
connected  with  the  so-called  "conjugation"  of  the 
spiral  "  female  "  thread  termination  and  the 
"  male  "  embracing  filaments.  M.  Ph.  Van  Tieghem, 
in  criticising  these  views  in  the  Bulletin  dc  la  Socilti' 
Botanique  de  France,  1877,  vol.  xxiv.,  writes  :  — 

"  Things  happen  as  M.  De  Bary  describes,  but  I  have 
seen  nothing  at  any  period  to  authorise  me  to  admit  any 
fecundation  "—I.  «. ,  by  supposed  sexes.  Further  he 
^^^^tes  :  —  "With  regard  to  the  supposed  sexuality 
observed  by  De  Bary  between  the  summit  of  the  car- 
pogone  (spiral)  and  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  branches 
issuing  from  the  base,  one  knows  that  anastomosings, 
perfectly  indifferent  elsewhere,  and  without  apparent 
result,  take  place  frequently  between  the  mycelial  fila- 
ments of  these  plants.  There  is  nothing  astonishing, 
therefore,  that  a  like  occurrence  should  lake  place,  and 
also  be  of  indifferent  results  between  certain  branches 
which  compose  the  young  fruit.  One  would  only  be 
compelled  to  recognise  the  union  as  sexual  if  by  the 
intrinsic  characters  or  by  remarkable  or  constant  conse- 
quences it  differed  from  ordinary  anastomosings  of  the 
vegetable  apparatus.  This  demonstration  De  Bary  has 
not  given." 

Van  Tieghem  goes  still  further,  and  says  that  the 
mere  fusion  does  not  always  take  place,  and  if  by 


accident  the  cells  of  the  spiral  termination  and  the 
cells  of  the  investing  threads  become  by  "  accident  " 
fused,  the  fusion  "is  injjrious,  and  determines  the 
arrest  of  the  development  of  the  fruit."  When  fusion 
really  takes  place.  Van  Tieghem  writes,  "  from  that 
very  moment  an  arrest  cl  development  "  occurs. 

Mr.  W.  B  Grove,  B  A  ,  in  his  Synopsis  of  the 
Bacteria  and  Yeast  Fiin/i,  say;  in  reference  to  the 
nature  of  the  so-called  sexual  growths  of  Aspergillus 
and  Penicillium  (p.  77),  "But  later  investigators,  eg.. 
Van  Tieghem,  throw  grave  doubts  upon  the  accuracy 
of  even  De  Biry's  observations,  and  he  himself 
(Beitrage,  iv.,  i)  seems  to  admit  that  he  was  mis- 
taken." 

The  conidia  in  Aspergillus  also  frequently  fuse  in 
the  style  of  the  fusion  of  the  secondary  spores  in 
Protomyces.  The  simple  fusion  of  Protomyces  is 
termed  "odnjugation  "  by  Professor  Da  Bary. 

Van  Tieghem,  in  short,  considers  the  Eurotium  ball 
to  be  a  mere  common  Sclerotium,  such  as  I  have 
described  under  Penicillium  ;  and  with  Van  Tieghem's 
view  I  am  inclined  to  agree,  for  I  can  see  nothing  in 
Eurotium  but  an  ascus-bearing  sclerotium,  but  little 
differing  from  the  ascus-bearing  sclerotium  of  Ergot,  of 
a  large  number  of  Vahx  and  of  Penicillium.  An 
immature  Ergot  before  the  asci  are  protruded  is  com- 


parable with  Eurotium,  and  if  we  acknowledge  a 
sexual  process  in  the  latter  it  must  be  extended  to 
Ergot  and  many  other  sclerotia.  It  may  be  objected 
to  this  view  that  all  sclerotia  are  (or  rather  should  be) 
bard  growths,  as  indicated  by  the  name,  but  some 
sclerotia  are  soft  and  very  loosely  built  up,  and  do  not 
even  require  a  period  of  rest,  as  the  sclerotium  of 
Mucor  subtilissimus,  B. 

The  statements  found  in  our  text-books  under  Peni- 
cillium, Aspergillus,  and  Eurotium  must  be  received 
with  great  reserve  ;  no  printed  desciptions  but  the 
originals  are  indeed  worthy  of  notice,  for  they  are  mere 
copies  to  which  no  verification,  criticism,  or  even 
thought,  has  been  applied. 

In  the  same  way  as  Penicillium  has  unwisely  been 
placed  with  the  Tuberacece,  or  Truffles — a  set  of  fungi 
to  which  it  is  entirely  foreign — so  Eurotium  has  been 
as  hastily  grouped  with  the  Erysipheae,  another  group 
of  fungi  possessing  entirely  ditferent  characters  from 
Eurotium.  Erysiphe,  a  genus  of  fungi  which  causes 
the  mildew  of  the  Vine,  the  Hop,  and  other  plants, 
will  shortly  be  described  and  illustrated  in  the 
Gardeners^  Chronicle. 

In  reference  to  the  manner  in  which  copies  have 
been  made  of  the  original  illustrations  as  published  by 
Professor  De  Bary,  we  may  instance  Sachs'  Handbook 
(English  edit.),  p.  257.  Here  a  number  of  odds  and 
ends  are  jumbled  together,  with  no  clue  to  the  scales 
of  the  different    representations.      The   figures    are 


reversed  ;  that  is  certainly  of  no  great  consequence,  but 
they  are  taken  from  different  plates,  and  some  of  the 
illustrations  are  enlarged  to  more  than  three  times  the 
scale  of  the  others.  The  conidiophore  is  shown, 
according  to  the  letterpress,  without  conidia,  but 
with  spicules  only,  but  this  is  a  mistake  :  the  first, 
or  two  first  rows  of  conidia  are  really  illustrated, 
and  the  spicules  overlooked.  An  ascus  is  engraved 
at  the  bottom  of  the  plate  in  such  an  extremely 
awkward  place — Ihatit  looks  exactlyas  if  it  belonged  to 
the  mycelium  of  another  figure  closely  adjoining  which 
is  only  engraved  as  igo  is  to  600.  Now  when  other 
copies  have  been  made  from  this  already  bad  copy 
they  have,  in  every  instance  known  to  me — and  the 
instances  are  many — been  reversed,  as  in  Sachs',  and 
the  same  odds  and  ends  have  been  jiimhled  together 
with  the  conidiophore,  said  to  be  without  conidia, 
and  the  ascus  in  the  same  unfortunate  position,  close 
to  the  mycelium,  three  times  less  than  itself  in  scale, 
though  drawn  of  identical  diameter.  To  make  con- 
fusion worse  confounded  sometimes  Sach's  plate  has 
been  photographically  reduced  to  suit  pages  of 
various  sizes,  so  that  the  different  scales,  misleading 
at  first,  have  become  still  more  confused.  Copyism 
in  such  a  style,  although  said  to  be  sometimes 
"  good,"  is  by  no  means  creditable  to  the  copyists  ; 
it  causes  general  disrespect  to  be  shown  towards 
the  work  of  all  English  botanists,  and  it  does 
an  obvious  and  great  injustice  to  Professor  De  Bary's 
work.  T|iere  is  no  need  to  copy  over  and  over  again 
plates  of  such  common  fungi  as  Eurotium,  Asper- 
gillus, Mucor,  and  Penicillium,  for  these  plants  occur 
in  all  places  at  nearly  every  season  of  the  year,  and 
can  always  be  easily  procured. 

As  in  Penicillium,  already  described,  the  conidia 
and  spores  of  Aspergillus  and  Eurotium  are  at  nearly 
all  times  so  extremely  abundant  in  the  air  that  it  is 
most  difficult  to  preserve  fruits  and  provisions  from 
their  attacks.  The  remarks  made  regarding  the  spores 
of  Oldium  on  p.  51,  and  Penicillium,  p.  26S,  generally 
apply  to  Aspergillus  and  Eurotium.  Some  further  and 
concluding  remarks  on  the  spores  of  the  whole  series 
will  be  given  in  the  fourth  paper  descriptive  of 
Mucor.    H'orthirtgton  G.  .Smith.  Dunstable. 


j40ME     j[^CRRE3P0NDENCE. 


The  Gourock  Collection  of  Hybrid  Gladioli. 
— The  collection  of  Gladioli  shown  by  Mr.  A.  E, 
Campbell,  of  Cove  Girdens,  Gourock,  N.B.,  at 
South  Kensington,  on  October  13,  was  remarkable 
for  the  extent  of  the  exhibit,  comprising,  as  it  did, 
16S  spikes,  and  also  from  the  fact  that  the  spikes  had 
been  cut  late  on  the  Saturday  night  previous,  and 
packed  in  Bat  wooden  boxes,  twelve  or  thirteen  spikes 
in  a  box,  and  the  stems  covered  with  damp  moss. 
The  spikes  are  cut  within  about  a  week  of  being  fully 
matured,  and  this  allows  for  travelling  and  exhibition 
for  a  few  days.  Mr.  Campbell  stated  it  was  the  first 
lime  he  had  sent  spikes  of  Gladioli  so  far  without 
being  placed  in  water.  How  beautifully  fresh  they 
looked  when  staged  was  clearly  apparent,  and  no  one 
scarcely  would  have  imagined  they  had  been  brought 
a  distance  of  over  400  miles.  Gourock  is  about  two 
miles  from  Greenock,  and  when  east  winds  prevail  the 
smoke  from  this  bu'^y  centre  is  blown  on  to  the  Cova 
Gardens.  The  latter  are  within  200  yards  of  the  sea 
shore,  and  the  soil  is  light  and  sandy  on  a  gravel 
subsoil.  The  bulbs  are  planted  out  in  March, 
and  when  the  flower-spikes  ascend  they  are  tied  out 
to  stakes  to  prevent  their  being  blown  about  by 
the  wind.  Not  only  were  the  spikes  fine,  but 
the  individual  flowers  were  large  and  handsomely 
coloured.  Some  of  the  varieties  shown  were  raised 
by  Messr?.  Kelway  &  Sons,  others  by  Mr.  S.  Dobree, 
another  Somersetshire  raiser;  but  the  chief  of  them  by 
M.  Souchet.  A  selection  of  the  best  varieties  com- 
prises Adolphe  Brongniart,  Africaine,  one  of  the 
darkest,  Ambrose  Verschaffelt,  Archduchesse  Maria- 
Christina,  Atlas,  Bicolore,  Bremontier,  Cameleon, 
Caprice,  Carnation,  Celimene,  Colbert,  Columbus, 
Cfepuscule.  Dililah,  Delicatissima,  De  Mirbel.  Eclair, 
Felicien  David,  Flamboyant,  Giganteus,  Hercules, 
Hesperide,  Horace  Vernet,  Jeannette,  Lacapede, 
L^ander,  Leviathan.  L'Unique,  Violet,  Mabel,  Mar- 
quis of  Lothian,  Meyerbeer,  Mount  Etna,  Ondine, 
Orpheus,  Psyche,  Rosa  Bonheur,  Rosea  Peifecta, 
Schiller,  Shakespeare,  Sylvia,  and  Titania.  This 
mikes   a   very   fine    collection    of  Jjust    over]?forty 


566 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHROMCLE. 


[October  31, 


varieties,  and  a  few  of  ihem  are  in  all  probability 
twenty  and  twenty-five  years  0KI,  thus  showing  how 
some  of  the  old  varieties  hold  their  own  still.  It  may 
be  added  further,  as  a  cultural  sugRestion,  that  Mr. 
Campbell  lifts  his  bulbs  at  the  beginning  of  December 
when  there  is  a  probability  of  severe  frost,  hut  when 
the  wea'her  is  fine  and  drying  the  roots  are  lifted  wuh 
a  little  soil  adhering  to  them  !  they  are  put  away 
in  a  cool  and  dry  place,  and  when  dry  the  bulbs  are 
cleaned  over  for  storing  away  for  the  winter.   K.  D. 

A  Hint  to  Gardeners.— Six  weeks  ago  a  man 
giving  the  name  of  Chas.  Smith  called  upon  me  saying 
that  he  was  destitute,  that  he  had  slept  under  the 
cover  of  boats  on  Biighton  beach,  and  had  tasted  no 
food  for  two  days  ;  be  had  walked  miles,  but  could 
get  no  employment.  He  said  that  if  any  one  would 
only  find  him  woik,  no  matter  what  kind,  he  would 
feel  thankful  during  the  remainder  ol  his  days.  Well, 
here  is  his  idea  of  gratitude,  after  obtaining  what 
many  worthy  men  (ail  to  obtain.  I  advanced  him 
money  to  meet  his  pressing  wants,  gave  him  food  and 
work,  which  he  might  have  continued  in  until  the 
completion  of  the  new  .grounds  here.  Instead  of 
which  he  quietly  went  away  after  receiving  his  week's 
wages  in  full,  faving  icquested  me  not  to  deduct 
money  advanced,  as  he  wLntcd  to  buy  a  cott.  Since 
he  left  I  have  received  numerous  complaints  from 
people  who  could  ill  afford  to  lo=e  a  few  shillings. 
A  man  cannot  prevent  misfortune,  but  he  might 
remain  honest,  and  not  a  disgrace  to  the  profes- 
sion to  which  I  am  sure  he  belongs.  7.  McDonahl, 
foreman  to  A'.  I'/'c/isy,  Es.].,  Lainluafc  GarMitcr, 
Worth  Park. 

Gardeners'  Education.— As  I  have  frequently 
seen  the  necessity  of  a  better  professional  education 
for  English  gardeners  urged  in  your  valuable  paper 
1  hive  thought  that  it  possibly  might  be  of  interest 
for  some  of  your  readers  to  see  how  horticultural 
knowledge  is  promoted  in  other  countries.  I  will, 
therefore,  give  a  short  account  of  the  course  of  instruc- 
tion as  curled  out  in  the  Royal  High  School  of  Agri- 
culture in  Copenhagen,  an  institution  where  I  d.arcsay 
gardening  is  treated  more  scientifically  than  is  the 
case  anywhere  else.  The  aforesaid  institution  is  a 
combined  school  for  vaerinary  surgery,  agriculiute, 
horticulture,  forestry,  and  surveying.  Where  it  is 
necessary  to  do  as  much  as  possible  with  limited 
means  this  combination  has  great  advantages.  Several 
subjects  are  naturally  common  to  dilTerent  classes  of 
students,  such  as  geology  and  chemistry  for  agricul- 
turists and  horticulturi:ts.  In  those  case;  the  same 
teachers  will  do  for  the  various  classes,  and  yet  be 
able  to  rcnJer  the  lectures  more  instructive  t'han  the 
case  would  be  were  there  small  independent  profes- 
sional schools.  Attached  to  the  school  is  a  botanical, 
a  fruit,  and  a  vegetable  garden,  together  with  a  horti- 
cultural museum  ;  besides  these  there  ate  collections 
illustrating  the  sciences  taught,  as  a  inineralogical 
collection,  &c.  It  is  e.tpected  that  the  student  at  his 
entrance  has  sufficient  knowledge  to  be  able  to  follow 
the  instruction,  that  is,  has  frequented  or  has  acquired 
the  same  education  as  if  he  had  frtquented  a  middle- 
class  or  grammar  school  ;  besides,  scarcely  any  student 
of  horticulture  will  enter  without  having  had  some 
years  of  practical  experience.  It  is  necessary  to  prove 
that  degree  of  education  only  when  he  intends  to 
apply  for  aid  to  enable  him  to  carry  out  his  studies. 
The  subjects  are  physics,  chemistry,  geology,  botany, 
zoology,  surveying  and  levelling,  drawing,  plant  patho- 
logy, and  horticulture— the  course  lasting  about  a  year 
and  two  thirds.  In  the  class  in  physics  are  taught 
the  general  principles  of  statics  and  mechanics,  the 
theories  of  heat,  electricity  and  magnetism,  optics  and 
meteorology,  frequently  illustrated  by  experiments. 
ally  and  pracli- 


different  operations  necessary  in  a  laboratory,  examine 
the  various  tests,  and  at  last  practise  the  analysis  of 
inorganic  and  organic  substances.     When  the  course 
of  instruction   is    finished,    and    has    been    properly 
attended,    the     student    is    able    to    analyse    every 
substance  common  in  daily  life,  or  necessary  to  him 
in  his  profession,  such  as  artificial  manure,  &c.     In 
geology  a  general  view  is  given  over  the  earth  crust 
structure  and  genesis  with  a  more  special  mentioning 
of  the  minerals  that  form  the  arable  soils  in  Denmark. 
Special  attention  is  paid  to  the  physical  and  chemical 
qualities  of  the  soils  and  subsoils,  and  their  suitable- 
ness for  different  crops.     In  botany,   anatomy,  nisr- 
phology,  physiology,  and  plant  geography  are  taught. 
To  the  explanation  of  the  natural  and  the  Linr.can 
systems   are   attached   exercises    in    describing    and 
defining  of  plants.     There  is  given    an  account    of 
the    more    prominent    plants,   which    are    useful,   of 
service     in    human    economy.       In    the   botany    of 
forestry,    a    description    is    given   of  nearly    all    the 
trees    and    shrubs  haidy  in  Denmark.     The  instruc- 
tion is  illustrated  by  living  and  dried  specimens,  the 
instruction  being  assisted  from  the  beginning  of  May 
by   weekly  excursions  into  the  country.     In  zoology 
special  attention  is  paid  to  animals  injurious  to  plants. 
The   course   of    surveying   and    levelling    is    chitlly 
practical.     Surve)irg  is  taught  in  the  field,  and  the 
construction  of  plans  .''rem  the  paper  calculations  and 
dividing  of  areas  ;  levelling  is  practised  so  far  that 
the  student  is  enabled  to  construct  profiles  and  equi- 
distant horizontal  curves  after  his  own  work   in  the 
field.     In    drawing   the   pupil  practises  projjttional 
drawing,  drawing  of  garden  tools  and   implements, 
and  of  the  signatures  necessary  for  garden  plans.     In 
plant  pathology   instruction   is   given    on    the    more 
common   plant  diseases,  especially  those  caused   by 
parasitical  fungi,  and  such  as  are  caused  by  external 
agents,  as  frost,  insects,  unfavourable  situations  &■:  , 
with    the    rational    preventives.       The    ir.troduc  oiy 
instruction  in  horticulture  comprehends  the  principal 
outlines  of  plant  physiol  igy,  the  qualities  of  soil  and 
manure,  the  choice  of  situations  for  gardens,  and  the 
means   to    improve   unfavourable   situations    by    lee 
planting,    &c.,    the     fencing    in,    and    the     propa 


send   you  the   same.    [Please   do  so.   Eu  ]    /K    E. 
Dixon,  P.iV.,  294. 

Tritomas.— On  p.  5J4  "A-  D.  W."  writes  of 
Kniphofia  Saundersi  as  having  a  dn-arf  habit,  which 
assertion  is  incorrec*,  for  evidently  "A.  D.  W. 
writes  of  a  plant  not  true  to  name.  Kniphofia  Saun- 
dersi has  been  distributed  from  my  garden,  and  is  a 
plant  quite  as  stately  as  T.  nobilis  ;  the  flower-spike 
is  more  cylindrical,  over  a  foot  long,  and  of  a  nearly 
uniform  brick-red  colour.  The  beauty  of  these  plants 
will  be  appreciated  still  more  when  the  newer  forms 
which  I  have  raised  become  belter  known  j  among 
these  some  have  rich  yellow  flower-spikes,  others 
blood-red  protruding  anthers  ;  one  is  very  dwarf  and 
floriferouF,  another  is  the  most  giant  form  ever  seen 
in  Europe.   Ma.x  Leichtlin,  Baden-Baden. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  : 
October  27  and  28. 
An  excellent  show  of  Potatos,  vegetables,  and  fruit 
was  found  at  this  meeting,  and  flowers  were  in  suffi- 
cient numbers  to  brighten  up  the  conservatory  with 
their  presence.  Where  we  might  have  reasonably 
expected  only  mediocritygeneral  excellence  was  found, 
for  seldom  have  finer  culinary  vegetables  been  staged 
at  an  autumn  show,  and  so  extensive  was  the  compe- 
tition that  many  were  debarred  from  taking  prizes  for 
first-class  stulT  lor  lack  of  prizes  in  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  schedule.  The  warmth  of  the  soil, 
when  aided  by  the  wclcom.e  rains  of  September  and 
this  month,  have  done  wonders  for  Potatos  and 
vegetation  generally. 

Floral  Committee. 
Pre'ent  :  G.  F.  Wdson,  Eiq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Djuglas,  W.  Bealby,  J.  Lairg.  J.  Child, 
H.  Herbst,  J.  James,  T.  Raines,  I.  Dominy,  H.  M. 
I'ollett,  E.  Hill,  H.  Cannell,  H.  IHllantine,  H. 
Turner,  J.   O'Brien.    II.  Williams,  A.    Perry,  Shirley 


, ^       .    and    the 

g.ad'n'g"^and~'cuUivation  of  plants  in  gener.U.  The  Ilibbeid',  and  Dr.  Masters, 
history  and  development  of  horticulture  in  Den- 
mark, together  with  a  description  of  the  present  state 
of  gardening  at  home  and  abroad,  are  also  aftorded. 
In  special  horticulture  the  plants  of  the  fruit  and 
vegetable  garden  are  descri'oed  singly,  with  resp-'Ct  to 
their  geographical  extension,  varieties,  propagation, 
cultivation,  and  application.  The  instruction  is  aided 
by  exercises  in  describing  plants  and  fruits,  by  excur- 
sion', practical  demonstrations  and  exhibitions  in 
the  horticultural  museum.  -■M  the  end  of  each  course 
an  examination,  comprehending  all  the  sul  j -cts 
treated,  except  geology,  lakes  place.  This  examina- 
tion  is    verbal    and    public,    with    the   exception    of 

horticulture,  which  is  conducted  at    three   viv'i    vMe      ^^i„„. „  -^ ,     .        ■.     „  .11,;;; 

"  '  ,  '  ,„,  ,,^„  in  w,i-in<T  and  chemistry  of  lemon-coloured  Cymbidium  elegans-the  flower-stalks  m 
examinations  and  two  in  wri.ing  and  cnemi.tiy,  c  ^^.^  ^  ^^.^^  ^^^  i,artially  pendulous  and  the  blooms 
which  there  is  one  practical  test  ;  and  drawing  and  tabular  ;  the  plant  bore  ttiree  spikes,  which  spring  from 
surve\ing,  which  are  practical.  The  practical  lest  in  ,),(,  root-stock.  Mr.  Wright,  gr.  in  the  Middle  Temple, 
chemistry  is  to  analyse  a  solid  or  liquid  which  may  Gardens,  showed  Chrysanthemum  Val  d'Andorre  a 
s  well  as  inorganic  substances.     The      J=.panese  v.ariety,  with  red  and  gold  thread-hke^peials. 


Certific.vted  Plants. 
Same  pretty  hybrid  Calanlhes  were  brought  by  N.  C. 
Cookson,  E=q.,  Oakwood.  Wylam-on-Tyne,  viz.,  C. 
AlexanJerii  x  C.  Veitchii  and  C.  oculata— the  colour  was 
rosy-crimson  ;  the  other  was  C.  Cooksonii  x  C.  Veitchii 
and  Uiteo  oculata.  a  light  coloured  flower,  displaying,  as 
did  all  of  those  shown,  the  conspicuous  lip  of  C.  Veitchii, 
These  are  useful  additions  to  this  late  blooming  genus. 
Messrs.  I.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  Cattleya 
autumnalis,  with  a  tall  sp  ke  of  five  dark  purple  blossoms. 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Paradise  Nurseries.  Upper  HoUoway. 
exhibited  Sarracenia  Buchanani,  having  a  dwarf  habit 
and  dark  rich  crimson  pitchers  veined  with  lines  of  a 
deeper  colour  ;  Nepenthes  Excelsior,  a  robuit  growing 
variety,  be.iringdark  chocolate-brown  and  green  pitchers, 
equal'to  holding  half-a-pint  of  liquid  ;  and  the  charming 


contain  orga 

result  of  the  analysis  is  to  be  accompanied  by  a 
written  account  of  the  method  of  proceedure.  The 
practical  test  of  surveyiug  comprehends  the  levelling 
of  an  area  of  about  5-acres,  a  construction  of  a  plan 
over  the  area  with  I  loot  equidistant  curves,  and  a 
profile  of  the  outlines,  a  calculation  over  the  earth- 
work by  the  same  areas,  levelling  and  measuring  on 
the  paper  a  plan  of  a  garden,  and  afterwards  dividing 
it  into  given  proportions.  In  drawing  are  requiied  a 
projectronal  drawing,  a  drawing  of  a  tool  or  imple- 
ment, and  a  copy  of  a  garden  plan  containing  all  the 
necessary  signatures.   C.  V.  Larsen, 


Chemistry  is    treated    both   theoret ^  .  .  ,      t-  1         t 

cally.     In  the  department  of  inorganic  chemistry  are  The  Acacia  used  at   Masonic   Funerals.-In 

tauoht  all  the  elements  of  any  consequence,  their  reply  to  your  correspondent  "  A.  N.,  respecting  the 
qualities  symb.Os  equivalents,  and  their  most  com-  Acacia  used  at  masonic  funerals,  the  following  infor- 
mon  compounds,  and  instruction  in  the  use  ol  the  mation  may  be  of  service.  The  true  symbolic  Acacia 
chemical  numbers  for  finding  out  the  proportions  of  used  by  the  Freemasons  in  their  funeral  service  is  .\. 
the  elements  in  compounds,  and  the  more  prominent  nilotica,  the  Mimosa  nilotica  of  Linnaeus,  J)ut  in 
theories  are  also  noticed.  The  lectures  on  organic 
chemistry  comprehend  the  organic  com  pounds  generally 
found  in  plants  and  animals,  and  the  most  common  pro- 
ducts obtained  from  organic  sources.  The  analytical 
chemistry  treats  of  the  tests  for,  and  the  methods  of 
analysis  of  the  principal  substances.  All  lectures  on 
chemistry  are  arap'y  illustrated  by  experiments  and 
specimens  of  the  substances  in  question.  In  the 
practical  course  the  student  has  to  go   throu-h  the 


place  of  this  generally  unprocurable  species.  Re 
Pseud-Acacia  has  to  do  duty  in  Britain  ;  a  very  oppo- 
site purpose  to  that  for  which  it  is  used  in  America, 
where  the  young  lover  breaks  off  a  branch  of  the 
Robinia  with  its  beautiful  blossom;  and  presents  it  to 
his  sweetheart  to  declare  his  first  passion.  If  your 
correspondent  would  like  to  know  the  origin  of  the 
custom,  viz.,  the  use  of  the  Acacia  at  masonic  funerals 
and  yju  would  care  to  print  it,    I   shall  be  happy  to 


A  Botanical  Certificate  was  granted  to  Mr.  Ballanti 
The  Dell,  Egham,  for  Peristeria  elegans,  an  ivory-white 
bloom,  covered  with  minute  reddish  spots,  the  flower, 
Acinet'a-like,  pushes  out  through  the  material  surround- 
ing the  roots,  and  is  found  in  numbers,  from  three,  as  in 
IhTs  specimen,  to  nine  on  a  flower-spike. 

General  Floral  Exhibits. 

Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons  showed  the  following  novel- 
ties in  Chrysanthemums  :— Lakrae,  Melanie  Fabre,  as 
plants  in  bloom  ;  and  of  C.  Lady  Roscbery  three  cut 
blooms,  a  good-looking  hlac-coloured  Japanese  variety 
raised  by  Mr.  Salter.  Amasonia  punicca  was  again 
shown  by  them,  and  likewise  some  pans  full  of  small 
plan's  of  the  b2st  varieties  of  Bouvardias,  as  General 
Garfield,  Maiden's  Blush,  Alfred  Neuner,  Leiantha, 
Vreelandii,  Priory  Beauty,  Umbellata  .A.lba,  some  speci- 
mens of  the  now  but  little  seen  Eugenia  Ugni,  covered 
with  its  purple  berries. 

Mr  B.  S.  Williams  showed  the  fine  Bromeli.ad 
•E'-hmea  imperialis,  a  srrong-growing  species,  with  much 
■  mealiness  on  the  stout,  chanoelled  leaves  ;  the  flower- 
stalk  and  bracts  are  vivid  rosy-crimson,  and  the  inflores- 
cence green  ;  Sarracenia  I-'iambcauxS.  psittacina  and  S. 
variolu-is,  the  pitchers  crimson  and  green,  and  quite 
dwarf.  .  . 

I.  Biteman,  Esq.,  Worthing,  showed  ,\cacia  retinodes. 
fro.ii  the  opeii  air.  as  a  proof  that,  at  least  amongst  Aus- 
tralian species,  there  are  some  which  can  stand  our 
ciimitein  the  south  of  the  country.  The  shooU  were 
still  bearing  a  few  flowers. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  Colchester, 
showed  Nerine  venusta  in  b'.oom,  the  orange-scarlet 
flowers  making  it  a  valuable  autumn  plant. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Bayce,   Ycrbury  Ro.ad,    Upper  Holloway, 


October  31,  1885. j 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


■fil 


showed  the  rich  orange-brown  pompon  Chrysanthemum 
Toniponius,  very  free,  one  of  the  best  of  its  class. 

Mr.  R.  OwL-n,  nurseryman,  Boyne  Hill,  Maidenliead, 
showed  cut  blooms  of  Japanese  Chrysanthcniunis, 
moslly  novelties,  viz, : — Margot,  Japanese,  rose-pink  ; 
Harman  Payne.  Gloirc  Rayonante,  Souvenir  de  Carre, 
rich  brown,  the  reverse  of  the  petals  golden  ;  Knipress 
ol  China,  pale  rose,  with  broad  florets  ;  La  Surete, 
Seedling  Begonias  and  Dahlias  came  also  from  this  ex- 
hibitor, but  judging  from  these  latefpecimens,  there  was 
noiliing  of  particular  merit.  A  Vote  of  Thanks  was 
accorded. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  showed  Chrysanthemums  and 
zonil  Pelargoniums. 

Mr.  Koibes,  gr. ,  Dover  House,  Roehampton,  had  four 
new  Japanese  varieties  of  Chrysanthemums,  good  things 
mostly  : — M.  Leon  Brunei,  dtad  gold,  lipped  crimson  ; 
Mr.  John  Lajng,  red-brown,  with  a  gold  coloured  cenire, 
and  the  \'iolet-scenled  Beauie  des  Jardins,  were  handsome 
flowers,  but  the  last  named  boasted  of  but  Uitle  Violet 
scent,  as  was  stated.  Besides  the  Calanthes  ceriificaied 
Mr.  Cookson  sent  C.  Normani  x  C.  rubro  oculata  and  C. 
\'titchii,  with  a  broad  lip  of  white,  and  rosy-pink  spot  in 
the  throat.  Most  of  his  Calanilie  flowers  were  injured 
by  frost,  on  the  journey  from  Newcastle,  consequently 
were  not  seen  at  their  best. 

Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Co.,  Pine-apple  Nursery, 
Maida  Vale,  showed  a  collection  of  Xerines,  the  best 
being  N.  carminata  and  N.  elegans  ccerulea,  the 
remainder  having  slaty  tints,  not  altogether  pleasing. 
Gesnera  Hendersoni,  with  vivid  scarlet  tubular  flowtrs, 
c-ime  from  the  same  nursery. 

A  bo.xful  of  Tea  Roses  in  excellent  condition  was 
5ent  by  Mr.  J.  Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq,, 
Woodhatch  Lodge,  Reigale. 

Messrs.  Hooper  lV  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  were  awarded 
a  Bronze  Medal  for  a  collections  of  perpetual  flowering 
Carnations,  stocky  plants,  fairly  furnished  with  blooms  ; 
nice  scarlets  were  F.  Raspail,  Alegatiere,  Zouave,  White 
Madame  Carle,  Chevalier,  yellow,  striped  rose  ;  Crimson 
Dr.  Raymond,  Gnurdault,  a  slaty-red.  Some  of  the 
seldom  seen  Naegelias  and  Tydxas  were  shown  by  the 
same  firm,  in  good  bloom  for  the  season. 

Competing  Groufs. 
There  were  but  three  of  Japanese  Chrysanthemums, 
the  one  by  Mr.  Stevens,  nurseryman,  Ravenna  Road, 
Putney,  b-jing  ist.  The  group  was  composed  of  a  few 
well  choicn  coloius,  and  was  placed  on  the  landing  at 
the  foot  of  the  stairs  in  the  conservatory,  occupying, 
therefore,  a  capital  position  for  displaying  it.  2d,  Mr. 
A,  Luff,  gr.  to  R.  R.  Hyatt,  Esq..  Helhersei,  Strealham, 
whose  group  contained  more  variety,  but  fewer  speci- 
mens ;  3d,  Mr.  Quartermain,  gr.  to  C.  E.  Smith,  Esq., 
Silvermere,  Cobhara. 

Cut  Blooms. 

For  the  best  twenly-four  cut  blooms,  single  specimens, 
twelve  Japanese  and  twelve  incurved,  the  ist  prize  fell 
to  Mr.  Kidout,  whose  stand  contained  fairly  good  blooms 
of  rubio-striatum,  Madame  Rendatler,  Augustine  Gnutier, 
Dr.  Macary,  Margot,  L'lncoraparable,  Madame  Sevin, 
Chang,  Madame  C.  Andi^uier,  Nil  Desperandum.  White 
Venus,  Lady  Hardinge,  Prince  of  Wales,  Jeanne  d'Arc, 
and  Nil  Desperandum  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Lowry,  gr.  to  J. 
McAndrew.  Ktq.,  Belmont,  Mill  Hill,  whose  Hy. 
Jacolot.  Madame  Rendatler,  Monsieur  Mouiillac, 
L'.'Xfricaine,  Monsieur  Desbrieux,  and  Daimio  were  fine 
blooms  :  3d,  Mr.  C.  Goodge.  gr.  to  G.  G.  Stone.  Esq., 
Eastcote,  Redhill,  Surrey,  all  of  whose  flowers  were 
of  the  Japanese  section.  The  other  exhibitors  of  cut 
blooms  were  Messrs.  Owen,  Skerrat,  G.  Stevens,  and 
Davis. 

List  of  Certhtcates. 

To  N.  C.  Cookson,  Esq  ,  for  Calanthe  Alexanderiix. 
To  N.  C.  Cookson,  Esq  ,  for  Calanthe  Ccok^oni  x  . 
To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Cattleya  aulumnalis. 
To  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  for  Cymbidium  elegans. 
To  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  for  Nepenthes  Excelsior. 
To  Mr.  B.  S.  VViHiams,  for  S.^rracenia  Buchanani  x  . 
To  Mr.  Wright,  for  Chrysanthemum  Val  d'Andorre. 


Fruit  Committee, 

Present  :  H.  Veitch,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  W.  Paul,  S.  Furd,  C.  Ross,  T.  B.  Hayward, 
J.  Roberts,  G.  Bunyard,  R.  Hogg,  J.  Burnett. 

Several  seedling  Apples  were  shown,  but  nothing  was 
deemed  to  be  of  suflicient  merit  to  obtain  a  Certihcate. 
An  .Apple  named  St.  Christopher,  shown  by  Mr. 
Pritchard,  r>ueen  Street,  Sittingbjurne.  a  very  long 
keeper,  conical  in  form,  ot  medium  size,  was  thought  so 
well  of  that  the  committee  expressed  a  wish  to  see  it 
again  later.  A  small  dessert  kind,  with  the  marks  of 
good  parentage,  came  from  Mr.  Cummings,  The  Grange, 
Wallington.  Mr.  C.  Townsend,  Fordham.  Soham,  stnt 
six  varieties  ot  seedling  Apples,  which  exhibited  consi- 
derable similarity  to  each  other.  Seedlings  came  from 
Mr.  Lancaster,  gr..  Holkham,  Norfolk,  five  dishes  of 
very  high  coloured  fruits.  Mr.  W.  Earley  showed  seed- 
ling Apple,  very  late  keeper,  coming  in  clusters,  but 
varying  greatly  in  size  and  colour.  The  fruits  are  com- 
monly destitute  of  seeds,  and  it  is  a  sort  which  will  keep 
from  August  to  June. 

Messrs.  Peed  .S:  Son,  nurserymen,  Roupell  Park,  Nor- 
wood, showed  a  red  Plum,  keeping  in  good  order  till 
late  in  the  autumn  ;  it  is  small,  prolific,  and  fairly  good 
in  flavour. 

Mr.  W.  Dance,  gr.  to  Colonel  Lowe,  Halstead  Pljce, 
Essex,  showed  a  collection  of  fifty  kinds  of  Apples  and 
thirty  of  Pears,  well  grown  and  well  coloured  fruits.  A 
Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded. 


The  Vegetables, 

Not  only  Wds  the  avera^^e  quality  of  those  shown  high, 
but  in  most  cases  the  eonipetitions  were  remarkably 
keen.  Thus  in  the  class  for  eight  kinds  of  vcgetiibles 
there  were  not  less  than  sixteen  lots  staged— an  unwonted 
number,  and  leaving  far  too  many  disappointed  com- 
petitors, most  of  whose  exhibits  would  at  any  ordinary 
show  have  obtained  prize.$.  Here  one  of  the  kading 
exhibitors  of  vegetables.  Mr.  Miles,  of  Wycombe  Abbey 
.Gardens,  w.\s  a  .good  ist.  his  entire  collection  being 
admirably  arranged  and  fauUlcss  in  quality.  He  had 
superb  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflowers,  Sutton's  New  inter- 
mediate Carrots,  Veitch *s  Exhibition  Brussels  Sprouts, 
Walker's  Exhibition  Onions,  Dean's  Chancellor  Potatos. 
Syon  Leeks,  Stamfordian  Tomatos,  and  good  red  Celery. 
Mr.  Phillips.  The  Gardens.  Cedars,  Meopham,  came  2d, 
having  Incomparable  White  Celeiv.  Syon  Leeks.  Maltese 
Parsnips,  Aijjburth  Brussels  Sprouts,  Perfection  Tomatos, 
Reading  Onions.  &c.  Mr.  Haines,  Coleshill  Castle 
Gardens,  Wilts,  was  3d.  Several  first-class  cultivators, 
had  collections  unplaced. 

Turning^to  the  single  dish  classes  we  found  no  less 
than  twenty  lots  of  Celery,  in  si.xes,  genera'ly  very  fine 
and  clean.  Here  Mr.  Richards,  of  Somerley  Park  Gar- 
dens, Ringwood,  was  ist,  with  a  superb  clean  solid 
sample  of  Wright's  White,  as  good  as  could  be  desired. 
Mr.  G.  Neal,  gr.  to  P.  Souihby,  Esq..  Bampton.  came 
2d,  with  excellent  sticks  of  Sulham  Prize  ;  and  Mr. 
W.  Smith,  gr.  10  Lady  Fletcher,  Yalding,  Kent,  came 
3d,  with  a  solid,  though  less  handsome,  sample  of 
Luckh.urst  Giant  White.  Sutton's  Dwarf  White  Gem, 
neat  but  small,  and  MajorGIarke's  Red,  were  well  shown 
by  otlier  exhibitors. 

Parsnips  were  a  remarkable  show,  not  less  than  twenty- 
two  half-dozens  being  set  up.  These  varied  considerably, 
from  stout,  handsome,  fleshy  samples,  whi^h  the 
judges  favoured,  to  long,  tapering  roots,  some  3  to  4 
feet  in  length,  and  nearly  all  tail.  Here  Mr.  Richards 
was  again  isl,  with  superb  samples  of  Elcombi's 
St^lecled.  whilst  Mr.  Haines  had,  apparently,  in  the 
2d  prize  lot  the  same  kind  under  the  name  of  Improved 
Student,  the  same  kind  coming  3d. 

Very  handsomein  form,  and  clean  and  pleasing  in  colour, 
were  the  eighteen  half-dozens  of  Carrots,  amongst  which 
the  Messrs.  Sutton's  fine  new  Intermediate  figured  pro- 
minently. Mr.  R.  Lye,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.. 
Newbury,  was  ist,  with  very  handsome  samples  of  that 
kind  :  Mr.  W.  Pope,  Highclere  Castle  Gardens,  coming 
2d  with  the  same  kind  :  and  Mr.  W.  Siaike,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Ellcsmere,  Brockley,  followed  with  even  prettier, 
if  not  quite  so  fine,  samples. 

Turnips  made  the  smallest  show,  having  suffered  from 
drought  far  more  than  other  garden  products.  Mr. 
Richards  had  pretty  white  Snowball  ;  Mr.  Solas,  gr.  to 
H.  C.  T.  Bell,  Esq.,  Derby,  had  the  same  kind  ;  and  Mr. 
\\'ills,  Edgcote  Park,  iianbury,  was  3d  with  neat 
Sis  week's. 

No  less  than  twenty-five  lots  of  Onions,  in  sixes, 
greeted  the  judges,  and  gave  them  a  very  diflicult  class 
to  selet  the  best  from.  Eventually  the  honours  fell  to 
Mr.  Neal,  who  had  fine  Anglo  White  Spanish,  about 
r  lb.  each  in  weight,  and  very  handsome  ;  Mr.  Wills 
came  2d  with  the  s.^me  kind  ;  and  Mr.  Ai^gis,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Efiingham.  Oxford,  was  3d.  Many  of  the  bulbs 
shown,  though  fine,  lacked  that  pel  feet  contour  found  in 
the  best  lots.  Rousham  Park  Hero,  Piiiesfield,  and 
White  Spanish  were  well  represented. 

A  curious  though  very  useful  class  was  that  for 
Brussels  Sprouts,  in  plants,  four  of  each,  of  which  nine 
lots  were  shown  ;  the  best,  a  very  erect,  well  (urniihed, 
and  medium-sized  sprouted  sample,  bemg  simply  a 
selected  strain,  from  Mr.  May.  gr.  to  Captain  Le  Blanc. 
Barnct.  This  was  a  capital  strain,  and  far  before  the 
huge  sprouted  forms  conunonly  grown.  Mr.  Miles  had 
the  2d  best  lot  in  the  Kdgcote,  rather  squat  in  height  ; 
and  Mr.  A.  MilUr.  gr.  to  W.  H.  Long.  Esq..  M.P., 
Trowbridge,  was  3d,  with  taller  plants  of  the  Aigburth 
strain.  Then  there  were  twenty-two  dishes  of  Brussels 
Sprouts,  Mr.  Lye  having  the  best  in  solid  clean  moderate- 
sized  samples  of  the  Re.iding  Exhibition  ;  Mr.  Lye 
having  2d  place  with  Aigburth.  also  good;  and  Mr. 
R.  Smith  came  3d,  with  the  same  kind. 

Endive  ill  six  heads,  three  each  of  curled  and  broad- 
leaved,  did  not  make  a  striking  show,  as  much  belter  have 
been  seen.  The  best  came  from  Mr.  Neighbour,  Bickley 
Park  Gardens. 

On  the  other  hand  the  show  of  Beet  was  excellent,  no 
less  than  twenty-one  lots  being  set  up.  Here  Reynell's 
Exhibition,  shown  in  perfect  form  by  Mr.  May.  was  ist  ; 
Mr.  Lye  coming  2d.  with  good  Dark  Red.  and  Mr.  Pope 
was  3d,  with  Deli's  Crim'^on,  very  handsome  and  rich  in 
colour. 

There  were  twenty  lots  of  three  heads  of  Cauliflowers, 
many  very  large,  but  the  tst  prize  three,  from  Mr.  Haines, 
were  medium-sized,  sohd,  and  white  ;  Mr.  Miller  follow- 
ing with  rather  larger  samples,  though  first-rate  ;  and 
Mr.  Ellington.  Mildhenhall,  Suffolk,  3d,  with  Mill  bigger 
heads.  Neariy  all  those  e.vhibited  were  of  the  well  known 
Autumn  Giant  variety. 

Then  came  nineteen  lots  of  Leeks,  mostly  huge  while 
stems,  the  best  being  the  Lyon,  from  Mr.  Haines,  Mr. 
Miles  coming  2d,  and  Mr.  Ricliirds  3d,  with  wonderful 
samples. 

Then  there  ten  lots  of  Cabbages,  the  best  coming  from 
Mr.  Oinian  of  the  District  Schools,  Sutton,  with  fine 
heads  ot  Sutton's  Allheart.  Mr.  Osman  was  also  ist, 
with  a  huge  Drumhe-id  Cabbage,  capital  cattle  diet,  and 
a  monster  example  of  vegetation. 

Red  Cabbages  were  capital  samples,  not  too  large,  and 
very  solid  and  highly  coloured.  Of  these  there  were  ten 
lots,  the  best  again  coming  from  Mr.  Osman,  whose 
samples  were  richly  coloured,  whilst  Mr.  Ellington  and 
Mr.  R,  .Smith  were  2d  and  3d. 

Then  came  fifteen  dishes  of  Tomatos,  the  best  being 
Trophy,  which  took  for  Mr.  Phillips  ist  place.     These 


were  fine,  handsome,  and  rich   in  colour.     Hackwood 
Park  and  Excelsior  were  also  wsll  shown. 

Some  little  interest  attach' d  to  the  show  of  Gourds, 
because  of  their  curious  forms.  Mr.  Osman  had  the 
best  collection  of  twenty-five  kinds,  including  the  Pear- 
shaped,  bottle-shaped,  warted.  Giant,  and  other  forms  ; 
Mr.  Glen,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Montehore,  Crawley, 
Sussex,  was  ad.  and  Mr.  J.  Sharpe,  gr.  to  F.  Hutchett, 
Fscj  ,  Grove  Paik.  Kent,  came  3d.  with  a  smaller  lot. 
From  the  Chiswick  G.udens  came  a  very  five  collfciion 
of  many  interestmg  varieties,  including  the  Giant  Gourd, 
White  Italian,  Red  Elimp^s,  and-  many  other  large 
forms. 

Pot  A  TO  s. 

South  Kensington  had  an  unwonted  feature  in  the 
competition  in  the  various  classes  b;ing  close,  and  the 
samples  large  and  excellent.  There  were  fine  collections 
of  thirty  dishes.  Mr.  Hughes,  gr.  to  Colonel  Cartwright, 
Byfieid.  Notts,  was  ist  with  a  superb  collection,  and 
included  such  popular  kinds  as  The  Dean,  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  EdgcDte  Purple.  Cardinal,  Reading  Russet, 
Rufiis,  Purple  Perfection,  of  coloured  kinds  ;  and  Chan- 
cellor, Captain.  Colonel,  Snowdrop.  Fiddler's  Prohfic, 
Cosmopolitin,  London  Hero.  Schoolmaster,  and  M.  P., 
whites.  Mr.  Wilis  was  2d,  with  Ja  fine  lot,  and  Mr.  W. 
Kerr,  of  Dargavtl,  Dumfries,  3d,  with  smaUer,  but  very 
clean,  fresh  samples. 

Then  there  were  ten  collections  of  twelve  kinds,  in 
which  class  Mr.  Ellington,  Mildenhall,  was  ist.  with 
good  simples  of  Lee's  Defiance,  Grampian,  Kdgcote 
Purple,  Lifeguard,  coloured  ;  and  Snowdrop,  Magnum 
Bjnum,  The  Doctor,  Chancellor.  &c..  white  kinds.  Mr. 
Wills  was  again  2d.  and  Mr.  Hughes  3d. 

In  the  class  for  six  kinds  there  were  fourteen  lots,  the 
best  coming  from  Mr.  Robins,  gr.  to  K.  D.  Lee.  Esq  , 
Aylesbury,  who  had  .Schoolaiaster,  International,  Read- 
ing Hero,4<adstock  Beauty,  Magnum  Bonuni,  and  \'icar 
of  Laleham.  Here  Mr.  Wills  was  again  2J,  and  Mr. 
Ellington  3d. 

Messrs.  Suiton  &  Sons,  of  Reading,  offered  special 
prizes  for  their  Reading  Ruby  and  Early  Eclipse,  but 
only  four  lots  competed,  the  samples,  widi  the  exception 
of  those  from  Mr.  Donaldson,  Keith  Hall.  Inverary, 
being  small.  This  same  exhibitor  was  ist  in  the  class 
for  nine  named  kinds,  prizes  being  offered  by  the  same 
eminent  firm.  There  were  twelve  collections.  Mr. 
Donaldson  had  capital  Lady  Truscolt.  Favourite,  Wood- 
stock Kidney.  Reading  Hero.  First  and  Best,  Fjfiyfold, 
&c.  ;  Mr.  Haines  came  2d,  Mr.  Howard,  Canterbury, 
3d,  and  Mr.  C.  Osman,  4th.  Two  good  collections  were 
disquahfied' because  in  each  case  one  dish  was  not 
according  to  name. 

Mr.  C.  Fidler,  of  Reading,  gave  prizes  for  four  named 
kinds— Success,  Prolific,  Enterprise,  and  Reading  Russet, 
eight  lots  competmg,  Mr.  Hughes  having  the  best 
samples,  with  Mr.  Wills,  Mr.  Osman,  and  Mr,  Elling- 
ton following. 

The  only  foreign  representative  collection  of  Potitos 
came  from  the  well-known  P^ris  firm  of  Vilmotin  &  Co., 
who  had  a  hundred  dishes,  inclusive  of  the  curious  and 
ungainly  French  varieties,  and  mar.y  popular  English 
sorts;  the  samples  generally  were  poor  and  show  that 
English  grown  tubers  are  a  long  way  ahead  of  Conti- 
nental samples. 

Of  trade  collections  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  had  a  fine 
one,  including  h^aps  of  Magnum  Bonum,  Reading  Rus- 
set, Reading  Hero,  &c.,  with  a  large  number  of  selected 
seedlings,  many  of  very  promising  appearance  ;  also  good 
dishes  of  standard  kinds  and  seventeen  of  their  own 
sending  out. 

Some  very  fine  new  Intermediate  Carrots,  Leeks,  &c., 
were  also  shown.  Mr.  Fidler,  of  Reading,  put  up  some 
100  kinds  of  Potatos,  moslly  very  fine  samples,  including 
White  Elephant,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  Reading  Giant, 
General  Gordon,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  &c.,  and  Mr.  W. 
Kerr  put  up  a  very  clean  neat  lot  ol  loo  dishes  that  were 
h-ghly  meritorious. 

The  special  prizes  for  Onions  of  four  kinds,  viz.,  Mair- 
crop,  Rousham  Park  Hero,  Anglo  White  Spanish,  and 
the  Wroxton,  offered  by  Mr.  Deverill,  of  Banbury, 
brought  some  thirty  lots.  The  three  first-named  kinds 
bear  close  family  resemblance  to  the  White  .Spanish,  but 
the  best  examples  were  remarkably  fine.  The  Wroxton 
is  an  oval  shaped  Onion,  not  unlike  Bedfordshire  Cham- 
pion, but  very  fine  and  handsome  as  shown.  The  best 
came  from  Banbury  district  in  all  cases.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  learn  what  very  special  culture,  as  differ- 
ing from  ordinary  cuPure,  is  applied  to  the  production 
ol  these  fine  prize  samples. 


EXETER    APPLE    AND    PEAR 
EXHIBITION. 

Tin:  second  Apple  and  Pear  Exhibition  at  Exeter  wa? 
held  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  the  22d  and  23d  inst.,  in 
the  Large  Market,  Fore  Street.  It  was  formally  opened 
at  noon  by  the  Mayor  of  Exeter  (W.  Brown,  Esq), 
attended  by  the  Sherifl  and  Town  Council.  The  exhi- 
bition itself  was  a  perfect  success.  The  quality  of  the 
Apples  was  remarkably  good,  considerrng  the  unfavour- 
able season  for  the  production  of  fine  fruit.  There  were 
ninety-five  exhibitors  as  against  eighty  last  year.  On 
the  occasion  of  the  first  show  the  number  of  classes  was 
fifty-three  as  against  thirty-eight,  and  the  entries  734  as 
against  522.  The  number  of  dishes  of  Apples  staged  for 
competition  was  1708,  representing  10.248  fruits.  Pears 
were  not  so  well  shown  as  last  year,  only  in  few  places 
in  Devonshire  are  Pear  crops  reported  good.  The 
number  of  dishes  shown  was  328,  or  i64oruiis.  Besidr'S 
the  home  county  fruit  was  exhibited  from  Hereford. 
Kent,  Somerset,  and  Oxford  ;  and,  as  shown  by  the 
prize  lists,  the  home  county  headed  the  prize  list  in 
every  class,  with  the  e.xception  of  a  few  single  dishes 
where  Messrs.  G.   Bunyard  iS:  Co.  showed  fruit  grown 


568 


THE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3!,  18 


under  glass.  The  trade-growers'  as  well  as  the  amateur 
classes  were  strongly  contested,  and  in  every  case  capital 
collections  were  put  up-Mr.  C.  Sclater,  Devon  Nurseries, 
Heavitree  Bridge,  Exeter  ;  and  Mr.  H.  Bjrwick.  Sid- 
mouth  Nursery,  sharing  the  ist  prizes  in  the  classes 
allotted  to  them  ;  also  figuring  Urgely  in  the  open  classes. 
The  show  of  Apples.  tal<en  as  a  whole,  was  far  superior 
to  the  one  held  in  London  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  October  13  and  14  ;  bat  the  Pears  fell  much 
short.  The  arrangements  tor  the  exhibition  were  perfect 
in  every  way.  The  only  drawbicl<  was  the  inclement 
weather  prevailing  on  Fridiy,  the  day  on  which  the 
committee  expected  their  largest  number  of  visitors  ;  it 
poured  with  rain  the  whole  day  through. 

Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Exeter,  exhi. 
bited  about  120  dishes  of  fruit,  grown  in  their  nurseries, 
true  to  name,  and  included  all  the  best  varieties  in 
cultivation.  They  also  contributed  largely  by  loans 
of  plants  for  decorating  the  tables  — their  Acers  with 
their  coloured  foliage  so  suitable  for  intermixing  with 
Apples. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.,  staged  some  300 
dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears.  This  firm  also  contributed 
largely  Ferns,  Palms,  &c.,  for  the  decoration  of  the 
tables. 

Apples.— Classes  fok  Trade  Growers. 
Twenty-four  dishes,  distinct  varieties  (eight  competi- 
tors).—ist,  Mr.  H.  Berwick,  whose  collection  was  fine 
in  every  dish,  but  included  Nelson's  Glory  and  Warner's 
King,  which  are  synonymous,  was  decidedly  the  best, 
but  on  account  of  the  two  varieties  named  being  synoiiy- 
mous  should  have  been  disqualified  ;  his  other  varieties 
were  Buff  Coat,  Green  Tiffing.  Caroline,  Dredge's  Fame, 
New  Hawthornden,  very  fine  fruit  ;  Dutch  Codlin,  Mere 
de  Menage,  Lord  Suffield,  Cellini,  Alexandra  Russet, 
very  fine  and  handsome  ;  Emperor  Alexander,  good  ; 
Glory  ol  the  West,  Hoary  Morning,  Brabant  Bellefleur, 
good  ;  Beauty  of  Kent,  Hambledon  Deux  Ans,  Blen- 
heim Orange,  very  fine  and  well  coloured  ;  Reinette  du 
Canada,  Royal  Russet,  good  ;  Waltham  Abbey  Seed- 
ling good  ;  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  very  fine  ;  and  Dume- 
low's  Seedling,  also  fine  samples.  Mr.  C.  Sclater,  Devon 
Nurseries,  Heavitree  Bridge,  Exeter,  was  a  good  2d. 
Included  in  his  collection  were  very  fine  fruit  of  Beauty 
of  Wilts,  Stirling  Castle,  Alfriston,  Tower  of  Glamis,  Dr. 
Harvey  Cox's  Pomona,  beautiful  colour  ;  Annie  Eliza- 
beth, Cat's-head,  Warner's  King,  Lady  Henniker,  Lady 
Waldron,  Yorkshire  Beauty,  Red  Ribbed  Greening,  very 
deep  crimson,  streaked,  &c.  3d,  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard 
&  Co.,  Maidstone,  Kent  ;  extra,  Messrs.  ].  Scott  &  Co., 
Merriott,  Somerset. 

Twelve  dishes,  dessert.— ist,  Mr.  Sclater,  with  a  fine 
lot  of  (ruit,  all  of  good  size  and  well  coloured.  His  col- 
lection comprised  .Apricot,  Red  Ribbed  Greening,  a  fine 
coloured  Apple  ;  Winter  Warden  (Aromatic  Russet), 
Cornish  Gillyflower,  Devonshire  Queen,  beautiful  deep 
crimson  ;  Ribston  Pippin,  Blenheim  Orange,  well 
coloured  ;  Court  Pendu-plat,  very  fine  dish  ;  Ross'  Non- 
pareil, Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins.  2d, 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.  ;  3d,  1.  Scott  &  Co. 

Twelve  dishes,  culinary  (six  competitors).— Again  Mr. 
Sclater  led  the  way  with  a  very  capital  lot,  including 
Annie  Elizabeth,  fine,  and  well  coloured  ;  Alfriston, 
Cat's-head,  Pondslord  (or  Flanders  Pippin),  Gravenstein, 
Lady  Waldron,  Warner's  King,  Lady  Henniker,  very 
good  ;  Emperor  Alexander,  Dumelow,  very  fine  ;  Cox's 
Pomona,  splendid  colour  ;  and  Old  Hawthornden.  2d, 
Mr.  Berwick,  who  followed  very  closely  :  his  Stirling 
Castle  and  New  Hawthornden  were  remarkably  fine  ; 
3d,  Messrs,  Bunyard  &  Co. 

Tenant  Farmers. 

Nine  dishes  (ten  competitors).— ist,  Mr.  \.  S.  Loram, 
.Alphington,  wliose  collection  was  almost  equal  to  any  in 
the  show.  He  had  Dumelow's  Seedling,  Lord  Warden, 
Dredge's  Fame,  Brabant  Bellefleur,  Blenheim  Orange, 
Royal  Russet,  best  dish  in  the  show  :  Royal  Somerset, 
and  a  very  large  conical  Apple  called  Loram's  Seedling, 
of  very  fine  size,  and  the  colour  of  a  perfect  M^re  de 
Mi5nage,  quite  distinct  to  anything  seen  at  any  of  the 
fruit  shows  this  season  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sclater,  who  followed 
very  closely  ;  3d.  Mr.  J.  Ham,  Broadclyst. 

Six  dishes.  Cider  Apples  (ten  competitors).— A  fine  lot 
of  clean  and  handsome  fruit.  ist,  Mr.  B.  Griflin, 
Broadclyst ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Palmer  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Ham, 

Private  Growers  with  Gardener. 

Eighteen  dishes,  distinct  (twelve  competitors).— ist, 
Mr.  Garland,  gr.  to  Sir  T.  D.  .Acland,  Killerton,  who 
staged  a  very  fine  lot  of  fruit,  his  principal  dishes  being 
Mire  de  Manage,  splendid  fruit  and  well  coloured,  and 
Alexandra  Russet,  a  fine  handsome  conical  fruit  ;  2d, 
Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Devon,  Powderham 
Castle  ;  3d.  Mr.  Finder. 

Nine  dishes,  dessert  (twelve  competitors).— ist,  Mr.  H. 
Dowell,  gr.  to  G.  Carver,  Esq.,  Bridgewater  ;  2d, 
Mr.  A.  C.  Williams,  gr.  to  W.  C.  Sim,  Esq.,  Clyst  St. 
George  ;  3d,  Mr.  Garland. 

Nine  dishes,  culinary  (eight  competitors).— rst,  Mr. 
Williams  ;  2d,  Mr.  Rowe  ;  3d,  Mr.  Garland. 

Private  Growers  without  Gardener. 

Three  dishes,  dessert  (fourteen  competitors).— ist,  Mr. 
A.  Truman,  Countess  Weir,  who  had  fine  fruit  of  Blen- 
heim Orange,  Cornish  Gillyflower,  and  Cox's  Orange 
Pippin  ;  2d.  Mr.  H.  L.  Brewster,  Wrenthara,  Exeter  ; 
3d,  Mrs.  Manley. 

Three  dishes,  culinary  (twelve  competitors).— ist.  Mr. 
G.  Ward,  Wroxton,  Banbury,  with  Peasgood's  Non- 
such, Warner's  King,  and  Lady  Henniker,  all  very 
fine  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  Truman  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Blythe. 

One  dish,  by  Devonshire  cottagers.— ist,  J.  Hitchcot  ; 
2d,  W.J.  Gibbings  ;  3d,  C.  Dipilate. 


Open  Competition. 
Eighteen  dishes,  distinct  (ten  competitors). — ist,  Mr. 
PoweU,  with  a  clean  lot  ol  Iruit,  including  a  fine  dish  of 
Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  well  coloured  ;  Lord  Derby,  Lod- 
dington,  Warner's  King,  Ecklinville,  Annie  Elizabeth, 
MeredeM(5nage,  Reinette  du  Canada,  Blenheim  Orange, 
Lady  Henniker,  Royal  Russet,  Cox's  Pomona,  Galloway 
Pippin,  Dumelow's  Seedling,  beautiful  colour  ;  Dredge's 
Fame,  Old  Hawthornden,  Alfriston,  Bedfordshire  Found- 
ling. 2d,  Mr.  C.  Sclater,  also  with  a  capital  collection  ; 
3d,  Mr.  H.  Berwick. 

Twelve  dishes,  six  culinary  and  six  dessert  (fourteen 
competitors).— ist,  Mr.  H.  Berwick  ;  2d,  Mr.  Garland, 
3.  Mr.  W.  Scott. 

Best  flavour,  single  dish.— 1st,    Mr.    Bunyard,    with 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin  ;  2d,  Mr.   H.   Berwick,   with  Rib- 
Heaviest  six   fruits    (twenty-three   competitors).— ist, 
Mr.   W.    Blackmore  ;  2d,    Mr.    R.    Dennis,    both   with 
Warner's  King,  6  lb.  being  the  heaviest. 

Single  dish.— Alfriston  (10  competitors),  ist,  Mr.  A, 
C.  WilUams,  very  fine ;  Blenheim  (37),  ist,  Mr.  W. 
Blackmore,  very  fine,  and  well  coloured  ;  Golden  Nobli 
(13),  ist,  Mr.  A.  C.  WiUiams  ;  Lord  Suffield  (17),  ist, 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.  ;  Norfolk  Beefing  (6),  ist, 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.  ;  Warner's  King  (i6j,  ist,  Mr. 
H.  Dowell ;  Dumelow's  Seedhng  (22),  ist,  Mr.  J.  Mingo, 
gr.  to  C.  E.  Ware,  Esq  ,  Cobham  ;  any  otiier  sort, 
cooking  (38),  ist,  Mr.  W.  Mortimore,  gr.  to  Colonel 
White  Thompson,  Broomford  Manor,  with  very  fine -New 
Hawthornden  ;  Cornish  Gillyflower  (20),  ist,  Mr.  C. 
Sclater,  very  fine;  Court  Pendu-plat  (14),  1st,  Mr.  C. 
Sclater,  extra  fine  ;  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  (23),  ist, 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co..  very  fine  and  handsome,  grown 
under  glass  :  Gravenstein  (10),  ist,  Mr.  C.  Sclater  ; 
King  of  the  Pippins  (22),  ist,  Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.  ; 
Margil  (8),  1st,  Mr.  Powell ;  Ribston  Pippin  (36),  ist, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Lewin  ;  Winter  Warden  (7),  ist,  Mr.  ]. 
Stevens  ;  any  other  sort  dessert  (46),  1st,  Mr.  ].  Stenner, 
with  Adams'  Pearmain,  good. 


and 


from  Mr. 


pretty  indeed,  from  Mr.  W.  Holmes.  Frampton 
Park  Nursery,  Hackney  ;  Japanese  Madame  J. 
Laing,  delicate  flesh,  with  golden  centre,  large  and 
lull,  quite  distinct,  the  basal  petals  reflexed,  the  centre 
slightly  incurved,  from  Mr.  Wright,  Temple  Gardens  ; 
Anemone-flowered  Japanese  Bacchus,  dark  magenta, 
grand  petals,  the  centre  buff  and  crimson 
Japanese  Monsieur  Harman  Payne,  deep  reddish  ( 
mon,  the  centre  pale  gold,  very  promising, 
N.  Davis,  nurseryman,  Camberwell. 

Votes  of  Thanks  were  passed  10  Messrs.  H.  Cannell 
&  Sons,  nurserymen,  Swanley,  for  cut  blooms  of  Dahlias, 
Begonias,  and  very  fine  zonal  Pelargoniums  ;  to  Mr. 
W.  Boyes,  nurseryman,  Islington,  for  cut  flowers  of 
Chrysanthemums  ;  and  to  Mr.  R.  Owen,  nurseryman. 
Maidenhead,  for  the  same.  This  was  a  very  interesting 
meeting,  and  the  appointment  of  a  Floral  Committee 
appears  to  be  highly  esteemed  by  the  Chrysanthemum 
growers. 

V^t  Meatier. 

•iTATB  OV  TUB  WSATHBR  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDOU, 


Pears.— Trade  Growers. 

Six  dishes,  distinct  (eight  competitors).— ist,  Messrs. 
Bunyard  &  Co. ,  who  had  fine  Beurre  Clairgeau,  Beurre 
Diel,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Calebasse,  Emile  d'Heyst, 
and  Uvedale's  St.  Germain;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Berwick  ;  3d, 
Messrs.  J.  Scott  &  Co. 

Private  Growers. 

Six  dishes,  distinct  (nine  competitors).— ist,  Mr.  Gar- 
and,  who  did  not  show  in  his  usual  style,  but  had  some 
very  fine  fruit  of  Pitmaston  Duchess.  He  also  had  Beurre 
Diel.  Van  Mons'  Li5on  le  Clerc,  Doyenn(5  du  Comice, 
Winter  Nelis,  and  Marie  Louise.  2d,  Mr.  Powell  ;  3d, 
Mr.  H.  Dowell. 

Three  dishes,  dessert  (twenty-two  competitors).— ist, 
Mr.  Powell,  with  fine  Marie  Louise  and  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey,  and  handsome  coloured  Beurr6  Clairgeau  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Garland  ;  3d,  Mr.  James,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  Walrond. 

Three  dishes,  culinary  (ten  competitors).— ist,  Mr. 
Gibson,  gr.  to  Sir  B.  Samuelson,  Brixham,  who  had 
splendid  fruit  of  Catillac,  Black  Worcester,  and  Bellissime 
d'Hiver. 

Open  Classes. 

Single  dish.— Catillac  (11  competitors),  ist,  Mr.  Gib- 
son, very  fine  ;  Uvedale's  St.  Germain  (4),  1st,  Mr.  E. 
Prothero,  Exeter  ;  any  other  sort,  culinary  (11),  ist,  Mr. 
E.  Gibson,  Black  Worcester;  Beurre  Diel  (14).  ist, 
Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  and  Co.  ;  Chaumontel  (8),  ist,  Mr. 
J.  Ham,  fine  colour  ;  Doyenn(5  du  Comice  (5),  ist,  Mr.W. 
■j.  Batleshill  ;  Easter  Beurri  (9),  ist,  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard 
&  Co.  ;  Glou  Morfeau  (7),  1st,  Mr.  W.  J.  Sweetland  ; 
Josephine  de  Malines  (5).  ist,  Mr.  W.  C.  Lewin  ;  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey  (12),  ist,  Mr.  W.  Sanders  ;  Mane 
Louise  (12),  ist,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  very  fine  dish  ;  Pit- 
maston Duchess  (■;),  ist,  Mr.  W.  J.  BatteshiU  ;  Winter 
NeUs  I7)  ist.  Rev?  J.  T.  Lewis  ;  any  other  sort,  dessert, 
(20),  1st,  Mr.  W.  J.  BatteshiU,  with  a  fine  dish  ol  Marie 
Benoist. 

Six  Quinces.  — ist,  Mr.  C.  Sclater. 

Twelve  Tomatos.— ist,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  with  a  fine 
and  good  coloured  dish  of  Hathaway 's  Excelsior,  grown 
in  the  open  air. 

Twelve  Medlars.— ist.  Rev.  W.  B.  Wrey  (Dutch 
variety). 

NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Floral  Committee,  held  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  on  Wednesday,  October 
28,  Mr.  E.  Sanderson,  President,  in  the  chair,  and  the 
following  members  being  present :— Messrs.  Ballantine, 
R  Dean,  G.  Gordon,  G.  Stevens,  R.  Davis,  Lowry, 
Gibson,  H.  Cannell,  Bevan,  Butcher,  Springbett, 
Mardhn,  Barry,  and  W.  Holmes,  secretary,  the  follow- 
ing awards  were  made  :-To  W.  Child,  Esher,  for  large- 
flowered  Anemone  Chrysanthemum,  Nouvelle  Alveole, 
a  finely-formed  and  distinct  pale  purple  variety,  of  a  very 
promising  character  ;  to  Mr.  Wright,  Temple  Gardens 
for  Japanese  Monsieur  Freeman,  and  to  Japanese  Val 
d'.Andorre,  gold  and  orange-brown  ;  to  Mr  Forbes, 
Mousillac.      The  following 


Hygrome- 

Barometer, 

THE  Air. 

frora 
Glaisher's 

Wind. 

Tables  Ttli 

Q 

Edition. 

J 

Q 



<i 

S 

Mean  Readins 
Reduced  to 
33*  Fahr. 
)eparture  from 
Average  of 
18  years. 

1 

a 

■i 

I 

1,. 

1  sl 

si 

1 

1: 

OS" 

si 

sl 

1 

Q 

Ocu      In. 

In.    1   . 

.          o 

111 

E.:      

e.se.  '■'" 

2! 

39.43 

—0.3950.3 

39.0 

11.3 

44  »j-  4S|40.9 

83  { 

»3 

39,36 

-04548.0 

404 

7.6 

.14  6  -  3.7  4'-' 

94 

E,  S.E.  jo  .37 

,^ 

31)  06 

-0M46.S 

40.0 

6  S  13  3^-  4  6140.8 

,8f 

s^.=.  -SO 

'3 

39  47 

-0.35 

45.0 

360 

40  0-  7S|37  0 

W, :    1 

S.W.    O"" 

36 

38.  «8 

-074 

55.5 

36.0 

30.5 

47.4:+  0.3 

44.0 

90 

S.W.    0  iS 

»7 

3931 

—0.53 

48 .5 

43  5 

SO 

45.0-   1.9 

36.3 

7' 

N.W.    0.00 

38 

»»33 

-0.40 

47.0 

36.S 

10.5 

41.31—  5  4 

3S.1 

77 

N.W.  lo.oo 







— 







1 — 

Mean 

393s 

—0.47 

49.0 

38.8 

.0,3 

43  7,—  3.9139  6 

/'^ 

able. 

ll.os 

Oct 


2. — Fine  bright  day,  very  fine  night. 

—  23.  —  Rain  all  day. 

—  24.- Heavy  rain  in  early  morning,  dull  day,  very  fir 

—  25. — Fine  day,  very  fine  night ;  lunar  halo. 

—  26.— Rain   in  early  morning,  shoit  intervals  of  sunshii 

during  the  day,  very  fine  night. 

—  27. — Fine  day  ;  very  fine  nisht. 

—  28.— Fine  day,  overcast  at  times. 


London  ;  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  24,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.12 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.17  inches 
by  9  A  .\i.  on  the  iSth,  decreased  to  29.75  inches 
by  I  p  M.  on  the  21st,  increased  to  29.77  inches  by  5 
P.M.  on  the  same  day,  decreased  to  29,21  inches  by 
9  A.m.  on  the  24th,  and  was  29.31  inches  by  the 
end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  ol  the  sea  was  29.75  inches,  being  0.06 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.14  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  52°,  on  the  2Ist,  on  the 
24ih  the  highest  was  46°.5.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  49°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  39°.0,  on  the  20th 
and  22d,  on  the  i8ih  the  lowest  temperature  was 
42°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures 
was  40°.  I. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
12°, 4,  on  the  2Ist;  the  smallest,  on  the  24th,  waS  6°. 5. 
The   mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  g"".  I. 

The  mean  temperatures  were— on  the  iSih,  45°.4  J 
on  the  igh,  44°  7  ;  on  the  20ih,  43°.7  ;  on  the  2Ist, 
.44'.8  ;  on  the  22d,  44°.2  ;  on  the  23d,  44°.6,  and 
on  the  24th,  43°.  3  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  by4°.3,  4°.8,  5°.6,  4°.2,  4°.5,  3°.7,  and  4°.6 
respectively. 
The   mean   temperature  of  the  week   was   44°.4. 


Roehampton,    for  Mo 

were  commended  :— Madame  Melanie  de  Favre,    lively 

pale  pink,  very  much  reflexed,  fine  and  distinct,  from  Mr.  .                        ,          j      o      .    ,         u 

Wright,  of  the  Temple  Gardens  ;  an  unnamed  seedhng  being  o°.4  lower  than  last  week,  and  4  .5  below  the 

reflexed    Chrysanthemum,   of  a  pale  purple  colour  and  ^yg^gg  of  jfae  week. 

distinct  character,  from  Mr.   Springbett,  ol^  ^\^^tTl^.}.  The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 


and  Japanese  Fleur  des  Bois,  deep  bright  red,  small,  but 
very  fine  in  colour,  from  Mr.  Forbes,  Roehampton.  The 
committee  requested  to  see  the  following  again  :— Large 
flowering  Anemone  Grande  Alveole,  blush  or  delicate 
pink,  from  Mr.  Child  ;  Japanese  Monsieur  Gamier, 
deep    orange-cinnamon,    the    reverse  golden-buff,   very 


ened  bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was   79°.    on  the   ig'.h.      The    mean   of  the  seven 
readings  was  64°,  4. 
The  lowest  reading    o(    a    minimum   thermometer 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


569 


placed  on  grass  was  32°,  on  the  234.      The    mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  35°. 

Rain.  —  Wvn  fell  on  four  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.92  inch. 

England  :  Tempci ature .—V>\ynxi%  the  week  end 
ing  October  24  the  highest  temperatures  were  59" 
at  Wolverhampton  59°  at  Truro,  58°  at  Plymouth 
and  B.ighlon  ;  the  highest  at  Bolton  was  4S',  a 
Sheflieid  49°,  and  at  Liverpool,  49°.2.  The  genera 
mean  was  53'.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  33°. 9  at  Wolver 
hampton,  35^  at  Truro,  35°.  2  at  Bristol  ;  the  lowest  a 
Nottingham  and  Leeds  was  40°,  and  at  Blackheath 
Sheffield,  Bradford  and  Preston  39°.  The  genera 
mean  was  37°.  4. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  25^.6  at  Wolverhampton, 
24°  at  Truro  21°  at  Plymouth;  the  least  ranges 
were  10°  at  Sheffield  11°  at  Leeds,  II°.I  at  Liver 
pool.     The  general  mean  was  16". 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro  and  Plymouth,  54°-3,  al 
Brighton,  51°. 5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  45°.  I,  a 
Liverpool  and  Sunderland  46", 4,  The  general  mean 
was  4S°.9 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  42°.3,  at  Leeds  41°.4,  at  Truro, 
41°.;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  37°. 8,  at 
Bolton  38°  5,  at  Sunderland  58°.8  The  general  mean 
was  40°.  I. 

The  mean  daily  rauge  was  greatest  at  Plymouth, 
I3°.4,  at  Truro  I3°.3,  at  Wolverhampton  11°.  ;'  and 
was  least  at  Liverpool,  5°.9,  at  Bolton  b'.d,  at  Leeds 
6°. 8.     The  general  mean  was  S°.S. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  46°. 9, 
at  Plymouth  46°, 7,  at  Brighton  46°  ;  and  was  low- 
est at  Bolton,  40°.  9,  at  Sunderland,  41°.  7,  at  Wol- 
verhampton, 42°.5.     The  general  mean  was  43°.?. 

Rain.  — The  largest  falls  were  2.57  inches  at  Hull, 
2  52  inches  at  Sheffield  2.0S  inch  at  Nottingham  ;  the 
smallest  falls  were  o  65  inch  at  Preston,  0.75  inch 
a  Bristol,  0,79  inch  at  Bolton.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  I  46  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  24,  the  highest  temperature  was  50°.  5, 
at  Paisley  ;  at  Edinburgh  the  highest  temperature  was 
48°.     The  general  mean  was  48°. 9. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  21°,  at 
Perlh  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  37°, 
The  general  mean  was  3i°.3. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith  42°.5  ; 
and  lowest  at  Perth,  38°. 6.  The  general  mean 
was  41°. 

Kain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.48  inch,  at 
Edinburgh ;  the  smallest  fall  was  0  02  inch,  at 
Geeenock.  The  general  mean  fall  was  0.20  inch. 
No  rain  fell  at  Glasgow, 

I.\MES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


"  He  that  giicstioiteth  tnzich  skali  learn  Jttiich." — Bacon. 

List  of  Evergreen  or  Deciduous  Trees  and 
Shrubs. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give  a  short  list  ot 
evergreen  or  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  suitable  for  New 
South  Wales,  in  the  district  between  the  Murray  and 
Lachland  rivers,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  townships  of 
O.xley  and  Blanranald  ?   IV.  S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

»,*  Our  Telegraphic  Address.— Ourcorrespo/iden/s 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  of 
the  »««  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London," 
Gardchron  being  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
grams thus  addressed  will  reach  the  Editor  or  the 
Publisher  without  other  address  being  needed  than 
"Gardchron,  London," 


Bees  ;  J.  R.  Get  Bee-keeping,  by  Alfred  Rusbridge. 
E,  W.  Allen,  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  London,  E.G., 
IS,  6d. 

Erratu.m.— Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson  &  Sons  have  entirely 
given  up  Pear  culture  in  pots,  finding  it  very  unprofit- 
able. All  their  exhibits  at  the  Pear  Conference  were 
gathered  from  open  air  trees,  and  not  from  pol-trees, 
as  was  stated  in  our  report. 

Filbert  Bushes  —  Is  it  Necessarv  to  Graft 
THBM,  AND  WHEN  DO  THSV  BEAR?  W.  W.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  graft  Filberts  or  Cob  Nuts,  as  they 
afe  raised  on  their  own  roots.  When  planted  early, 
tbey  carry  a  le\y  small  Nuts  the  first  year,  but  must  be 


cut  back  hard  the  next  season,  when  they  commence 
bearing  again  in  the  third  year,  if  grown  on  the  Kent 
system  as  basin-shaped  bushes. 

Gooseberries  for  Market  :  Alpha.  For  picking 
green  the  best  sorts  are  Early  White,  Snowball,  and" 
Whitesmith.  The  number  required  per  acre,  at  8  feet 
apart,  is  681. 

Insects  :  C.  S.  &*  Co.  We  can  find  neither  insects  nor 
any  traces  or  burrows  of  insects  on  the  Larch  shoots 
sent,  which  are  much  cankered,  and  we  fear  are  not 
planted  in  a  congenial  soil.   /.  O.   W. 

Large  American  Blackberries  :  J.  L.  Messrs. 
Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley,  Sussex,  are  growers  of  these 
fruits. 

Lobelias  :  C  Gilbert.  See  article  on  the  Flower 
Garden  this  week. 

Mark  on  Apple  :  .S.  A.  S.  Probably  from  some  in- 
jury in  the  young  state. 

Mr.  Warner  ;    A.  W.     Broomfieid,  Chelmsford. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  Old  Subscriber.  Apple :  Old  Non- 
pareil. Pears :  1,  General  Todtleben  ;  2,  Huyshe's 
Victoria  ;  3,  not  recognised  ;  4,  Passe  -Colmar  ;  5, 
Chauraontelle.— /".  T.  i.  Flower  of  Kent  ;  2.  Dutch 
Fullwood  ;  3,  Hambledon  Deux-ans ;  4.  Vicar  of 
Winkfield  ;  5,  Doyenne  Gns  ;  6.  Winter  Windsor. — 
L.  P.  J.  3,  Catillac  ;  7,  Paradis  d'.Automne  ;  ro, 
Forelle  ;  ri,  Vicar  of  Winkfield  ;  14.  Beurri^  Char- 
neuses. —  IV.  F.  1,  Carlisle  Codlin  ;  2.  Cellini;  5, 
Emperor  .Alexander  ;  6.  Devonshire  Quarrenden  ; 
others  not  recognised. —  IV.  Cutbush  fir*  Son.  Apple  : 
not  recognised.  Pears:  1,  Knight's  Monarch;  2. 
Chaumontelle.  —  T.  G.  i.  King  Edward  ;  2,  Beurr^ 
Diet ;  3.  Knight's  Monarch  ;  4,  Josephine  de  Malines  ; 

5.  Beurre  Ranee  ;  6,  Brown  Beurre. — M.  Kelsall.  I, 
Uvedale's  St.  Germain  ;  2,  6,  Beurre  Diel ;  3,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey  ;  4,  Marie  Louise  ;  5,  Napoleon  ;  7, 
Round  Winter  Nonsucti  ;  8.  Gloria  Mundi  ;  9,  Cellini ; 
10,  Golden  Knob  ;  12,  Grange's  Pearmain. — G.  G.  i, 
King  of  the  Pippins  ;  2,  Dutch  Mignonne  ;  3,  Lord 
Derby;  4,7.  Dumelow's  Seedling  ;  5.  Royal  Somerset ; 

6,  Claygate  Pearmiin.  Pcjr :  9,  Beurr^  d'Amanlis. 
—  A'.  .S.  I,  Duck's-bill  ;  2,  King  of  the  Pippins  ; 
S.  Blenheim  Orange.  Par:  Uvedale's  St,  Ger- 
main :  others  not  recognised.  —  C.  &'  y.  T.  i,  Sops- 
in-Wine  ;  2.  Kerry  Pippin  ;  3,  not  known — worthless  ; 

4.  Beurre  Bachelier  ;  5.  Eergamotte  d'Esperen  ;  6. 
Grenadier. — Daison.  1,  Van  Mons'  L^on  le  Clerc  ;  2, 
Jersey  Gratioli  ;  3,  Beurrii  Diel ;  4.  Beurrt^  Capiau- 
mont.— •;)/.  J.  P.  I.  .Adams'  Pearmain  ;  2,  King  of 
the  Pippins  ;  3.  Pearson's  Plate  ;  5,  Northern  Green- 
ing ;  6,  Beurre  Hardy.  —  G.  Gascoigne.  1,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey  ;  2,  Beurre  Ranee  ;  3,  Manx  Cod- 
lin ;  others  not  recognised. — F.  6^  A.  Dickson.  Your 
Apple  is  not  Fearn's  Pippin— may  probably  be  Kirke's 
Schune  Rambour. — C.  J.  1,  Cider  Apple,  notknown  ; 
2,  Verte  Longue  Panachee  ;  3,  not  known.  —  F.  M. 
You  have  sent  us  over  thirty  sorts  of  fruit  to  name, 
although  we  repeatedly  state  in  our  columns  that  we  will 
not  undertake  to  name  more  than  six  at  a  time.  We 
oblige  you  so  far  as  we  ran  this  time  ;  but  by  careless 
packing  several  of  the  numbers  had  become  detached, 
so  that  we  cannot  identify  them.     I,  13,  Beurr^  Diel  ; 

5,  Vicar  of  Winkfield  ;  6,  Duchesse  d'AngouKme  ;  7, 
Marie  Louise  ;  8,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  ;  it.  Beurr(^ 
d'.-\njou  ;  14,  Van  Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc  ;  15,  Pit- 
maston  Duchess  ;  18,  27,  Marechal  de  la  Cour  ;  23, 
Eergamotte  d'Esperen ;  24,  Napoleon  ;  25,  Beurre 
d'.\remberg  ;  29,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  ;  30,  Dutch 
Mignonne  ;  33,  34,  King  ol  the  Pippins.  — Sutton  &• 
Sons.     Pear:  Emile  d'Heyst. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Alex.  Coder.  Nos.  i  and  3 
appear  to  be  starved  growths  o(  Asplenium  Adiantum- 
nigrum  Serpentini  ;  2,  4,  are  the  ordinary  form  of 
Asplenium  Adiantum-nigrum  ;  5,  Asplenium  marinum. 
—R.  Y.  Maxillaria  elongata.— «.  IV.  1,  Crataegus 
cordata  (Washington  Thorn)  ;  2,  C.  nigra ;  3,  C. 
aronia  ;  4,  C.  Celsiana  ;  5,  C.  punctata  ;  6,  C.  oxya- 
cantha  var.  eriocarpa?  7,  C.  Layii  ;  8,  C.  pyrifoha. — 
L.  Maserul.  Cypripedium  Fraserii  and  C.  Arthuria- 
num  are  unknown  to  us  ;  Odontoglossum  Alexandras 
are  known  locally  as  "  Blanco's."  — H.  S.  Ross.  Ca- 
lanthe  veslita  ignea  oculata.  —  C.  H.  Maxillaria 
picta.— 7.  E.  W.  Cymbidium  giganteum.— 7.  Bayne. 
I.  Maranta  Makoyana  ;  2,  M.  picta  ;  Rhus  Cotinus. 
We  do  not  name  Crotons.  —  ,-1.  D.  W.  Lonicera 
Xylosteum.  The  Fungi  next  week. — A.  Henderson. 
Zygopetalum  crinitum,  Cymbidium  giganteum,  Cypri- 
pedium insignis.  var  perhaps  Maulei.  —Old  Sub- 
scriber. Cuprcssus  nutkaensis. —  Crookham.  i,  Libo- 
cedrus  decurrens  ;  2,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  ;  3,  Reti- 
nospora  squarrosa  ;  4,  Chamscyparis  sphaeroidea 
aurea  ;  5,  Cotoneaster  sp. :  6,  Relinospora  plumosa 
aurea  ;  7,  Cryptomeria  elegans. 

New  Bouvardia  Sport  from  Dazzle  :  R.  B.  A 
nice  variety,  but  not  so  good  nor  so  floriferous  as 
Flower  of  Beauty,  which  is  the  best  pink  Bouvardia 
grown. 

Seedling  Apple  and  Pear  :  T.  D.  Both  of  very 
inferior  quality  for  this  season  of  the  year. 

Transplanting  Eucalypti  .  .4.  N.  It  is  too  late  by 
two  months  to  transplant  these  to  other  spots  out-of- 
doors.  If  you  wish  to  take  them  up  to  keep  in  pots 
during  the  winter,  to  be  finally  set  out  in  April  or  May, 
you  may  do  so,  keeping  them  in  a  temperate-house  till 
somewhat  rooted.  Take  them  up  with  a5  much  earth 
as  will  cling  to  the  roots,  a  large  ball  of  earth  not  being 
necessary  to  their  well-being. 

Walnuts  ;  T.  P.  The  varieties  will  come  up  fairly 
true,  but  with  a  little  variation.  Grafting  or  budding 
Is  npt  at  all  sucoessful.    The  Nuts  should  be  planted 


where  you  intend  them  to  remain,  as  they  do  not  bear 
transplanting  very  well. 
^  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Oftice,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Robert  Mack  &  Son,  Catterick  Bridge  and  Scorton, 
Yorkshire— Catalogue  of  Roses. 

Keynes.  Williams  &  Co.,  Salisbury — Roses. 

Liverpool  Horticultural  Company,  Carston,  near 
Liverpool — Roses. 

L.  Spath,  Rixdorf,  Berlin— General  Price  List. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Son,   Upton  Nurseries,  Chester- 
Select  Roses. 

Paul  &  Sons,  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  Herts 
— Roses. 

W.  Smith  &  Son,  Kintore  and  Aberdeen— Roses,  Trees 
and  .Shrubs. 

W.   Paul  &  Son,  Paul's  Nurseries,   Waltham  Cross, 
Herts — Roses. 

Anderson,  Langbehn  &  Co..  22.  Rue  de  Dunkerque, 
Paris— Wholesale  List  of  Cut  Flowers. 

M.   Bruant,   Boulevard  St.  Cyprien,  Poitiers,  Vienne, 
France — Fruit  and  Forest  Trees. 

MM.  Desfosse-Thulliers  et  Fils.  Orleans  (Loiret), 
France— Fruit  Trees,  Conifers,  and  General  Li.'t. 

H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent— Roses. 

Richard  Gilbert,   Burghley,  Stamford— Fruit,  Vege- 
tables, Flowers. 

Frank  Cant,  Mile  End  Nurseries,  Colchester— Roses. 

R.    Tucker,    Faringdon,    Berks  —  Fruit    and    Forest 
Trees,  &a. 

J.  Wright.   Gardener,   Middle  Temple,    E.C.— Chry- 
santhemums. 

Fred.  Burvench,  p4re,  Geptbrugge,  Ghent,  Belgium- 
Fruit  and  other  Trees,  Shrubs,  cSie. 

W.  Ireland,  Barnstaple- Roses  and  Fruit,  Forest  and 
Ornamental  Trees. 

Ed.  P.  Di.xON,  Hull— Roses,  Fruit,   Forest,  and  Orna- 
mental  Trees. 

Lennox  T.   Davis,  Hillsborough,  Co,  Down— Hardy 

Trees  and  Shrubs,  Fruit  Trees,  &c. 
B.  Field,  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road— Horticultural 
Soils.  Manures,  and  Sundries. 

T.  Ware,  Hale  Farm,   Tottenham— Roses,   Evergreen 
and  Flowering  Shrubs,  Trees,  &c. 


Co: 


IMUNICATIONS  Received. -Sandy.-H.  R.-A.  N.-G__  C. 
Constant  Reader.— Pomologist.—Green.vood  Pine.— J.  " 


— uonsiani  ivciuci. — ruiiiunj^iai. — v.,,t^ii..  .,.,..  -  ....-■      J.  — 

C.  A.  M.  C— A.  H.— W.  J.  (thanks).~W.  E.-T.  W.— 
I  J.  W.— T.  B.— J.  F.— W.  S.— J.  W.  H.-J.  H.  Krelage, 
Haarlem.-Mewrs.Frmbel,  Zurich.- F.  Lehmann,  Popayan. 
—J.  S.— Sir  J.  W.-W.  E.  G.-Canon  E. 


DIliD,  at  Darlaston  Hall,  Stone,  Staffordshire, 
on  October  25.  Joseph  Deville,  for  many  years  Gar- 
dener to  Lady  Edwards,  Wootton  Hall,  and  also  at 
Wyaston  Leys,  Monmouth  ;  and  the  last  three  years  at 
the  above  place.  Mr.  Deville  was  one  of  the  old  school 
of  thorough  practical  gardeners  ;  a  most  successful  Piiie 
grower,  having  taken  many  prizes  at  local  and  Regent's 
Park  shows.  He  was  very  highly  respected  for  his  kind 
and  genial  manner  by  a  large  number  of  Staffordshire 
gardeners,  who  mourn  his  loss. 

We  also  regret   to   hear  of  the  death  of  Mr. 

W.  H.  Lascelles,  at  his  residence  at  Croydon,  on 
Sunday  last.  He  was  a  very  successful  horticultural 
builder,  and  an  enthusiastic  horticulturist.  For  many 
years  he  was  the  proprietor  of  the  well-known  business 
at  121,  Bunhill  Row,  but  retired  from  it  several  years 
ago  to  obtain  much-needed  rest. 


COVENT    GARDEN,     October    29. 

Market  very  quiet,  with  heavy  supplies,  and  no 
alteration.  Canadian  Apples  reaching  us  in  fair  supply, 
at  low  rates.  Kent  Cobs  brisk  at  former  quotations. 
James  Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fnun 

Apples,  per  J^-s 
Damsons,  j4-siev 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  tool 
Kent  Filberts,  lo 
Lemons,  per  cas( 


:  W, 


Melons,  each 
Peaches,  per  doz.    . . 
Pine-apples, Eng-.lb.  : 

—  St.  Michael,  each  ; 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .  i 

—  per  i^-sieve       ..    : 
Plums,  J4  sieve       .. 

Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


.  d. 


Artichokes,       Globe, 

per  dozen  . .  ..50-.. 

Aubergines,  each  . .  04-  . . 
Beans,  £ng.,  per  lb.  04-.. 
—  French,  per  lb...  09-.. 
Beet,  per  dozen  ..  10-.. 
Brussel  Sprouts,  lb.  04-.. 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  16-21 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  d-  .. 
Cauliflowers.       Eng- 


lish, per  dozen  ..  i  6-  3  < 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1  6-  3  ( 
Cucqmbers,  each  . .  o  4-  o  I 
Endive,  per  dogen  ..  30-  .. 
Garlic,  per  lb.  ,.06-.. 
PoTATOS. — Magnum  Bonums,  bad  trade,  51M.  to8oj. ;  Re 

6w.  to  Spf-  per  ton  ;  German  Reds,  %s.  to  3J.  6^.  per  bag. 


Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o  2-  < 
Horse  Kadish,  bun.  3  o-  i 
Lettuces,  Cab.,  doz.  2  o- 
Mint,  green,  bunch.,  o  4-  , 
Mushrooms,  basket  i  6-  : 
Onions,  per  bushel..  3  6-  . 
—  Spring,  per  bun.  o  6- 
Parsley,  per  bunch.,  o  4- 
Radishcs,  per  dozen  i  o-  5 
Smalt  salading,    per 

punnet       ..  ..04-, 

Spinach,   per  bushel  4  o-  , 
Tomatos,  per  lb.      ..    o  6-  < 


570 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  18 


Plants  in  Pots.— Aver.'^ge  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  < 
Arbo.  vits  (golden). 

pc.  dozen  . .         .  •    6  0-18  ' 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  ' 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen- .  9  o-i3  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  4  0-12  1 
Bouvardia,  dozen  ..  12  o-iS  < 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  - 
Cyperus,  per  dozen.-  4  0-12  1 
Dracaena  tertninalis, 

per  dozen  . .  •  -30  0-60  i 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  1 
Erica,  various,  doz.  9  0-12  . 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..         .-6  0-18  > 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  < 
Ficus  elastica,  each..  1  1 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  < 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous, each  ..  ..  2  < 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  6  1 
Hyacinths,  Rom., pot  1  < 
Marguerite       Dai^y, 

per  dozen  . .         . .  8  ^ 
Myrtles,  pe:    ' 


Palms 

each 
Pelargoniums,    s 

let,  per  dozen 


icty. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  2  o-  , 
Arum  Lilies,  13  blms.  6  o-  : 
Asters,  12  bunches..  4  o-  : 
Azalea,  12  sprays  ..20- 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6- 


Can 
Can., 
Chry: 


2  bin 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Lil.  longifl..  12  blms.  t 
Marguerites,  12  bun.   ; 
Mignonette,   12  bun.   i 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 
trusses        ..  ..    : 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  ( 
Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  12  bunches  . .  1 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  1 
Tropaeolum,  12  bun.  ' 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  1 
Violets,     12    bunches 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch 

—  Parme,  Fn,  bun.  . 


I  bin 


mth.,  12  blms. 

bunches 


Eucharis,  per  dozen  4 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  3 
Hyacinths,  Rom.,  12 

Lapageria,  white,  12 

blooms       ..  ..2 

—  red,  12  blooms  ...  i 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct.  28.— There  was  a  meagre  attendance 
of  buyers  on  the  market  to-day,  and  the  business  doing 
was  in  very  narrow  compass.  For  red  Clover  seed  a 
somewhat  firmer  feeling  showed  itself.  The  United 
States  and  Canada  will  apparently  have  no  spare  seed 
for  export  this  next  season.  A  fair  quantity  of  yearling 
American  red  has  been  reshipped  from  European  ports 
to  New  York.  For  bird  seeds  the  sale  is  slow.  There 
is  no  chcTnge  in  blue  Peas  or  Haricot  Beans.  Winter 
Tares  are  neglected.  Feeding  Linseed  keeps  steady. 
John  ShJiv  &'  Sons,  Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane, 
London,  EX.  

FRUIT,  ROOTS,  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Oct.  27.  —  Moderate 
supplies,  with  fair  demand  for  vegetables.  Prices  :— 
Apples,  -zs.  to  5^.,  and  Pears,  3^.  to  6/.  per  bushel; 
Onions,  4^  to  4J.  3^!'.  per  cwt.  ;  Parsnips,  9^/.  to  u.  2.d. 
per  sieve  ;  bunch  Beetroot,  is.  6d.  to  31.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Brussels  Sprouts.  \s.  gd.  to  zs.  per  half  sieve, 
y.  to  3t.  6d.  per  sieve;  bunch  Celery,  7s.  to  8s.  per 
dozen  ;  bunch  Parsley,  it.  to  is.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  bunch 
Carrots.  2s.  to  2s.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  bunch  greens,  2s.  6d. 
to  3^.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Savoys,  2s.  gd.  to  3J.  6d.  per  tally  ; 
Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  4^.  per  tally  ;  bunch  Turnips,  2j.  to 
3J.  per  dozen  ;  Carrots  in  sacks,  301.  to  $os.  per  ton  ; 
white  Turnips,  sot.  to  60s.  per  ton  ;  Mangels,  22s.  6d.  to 
255.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  27.  —  Supplies  have  been  good 
during  the  past  week,  as  also  the  attendance  of  buyers, 
consequently  a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  follow- 
ing quotations  :—  Cabbages,  5J.  to  7s. ,  Savoys,  4J.  6d. 
to  8.f.,  cut  Collards.  31.  6i.  to  si.  6d..  and  Cauliflowers, 
5^  6d.  to  9J.  per  tally  ;  greens,  bunch,  is.  6d.  to  41.  6i. 
per  dozen  ;  Mangels,  i8j.  to  21^.,  Turnips,  555.  to  yos., 
and  Swedes,  25?.  to  35^.  per  ton  ;  Carrots  for  cattle, 
301.  to  32i.  6d.  per  ton  ;  ditto,  householdr  355.  to  48J. 
per  ton  ;  Onions,  70.r,  to  100s.  per  ton. 


WARE'S  AUTUMN    CATALOGUE 

OF 

B.OSES— All  the  best. 

HABDY     CLIMBERS  —  Every     variety     worth 

growing. 

CARNATIONS— Including  Trees,  Shows,  Yellows, 

and  Border  varieties. 

PYRETHRtTMS— Double  and  Single. 
PINKS— In  great  variety. 
SWEET    VIOliETS— All  first-class  sorts. 
PiEONIES  —  A  grand    collection    of    Double    and 
Sliicle  varieties. 

BLACKBERRIES  —  Best  adapted  to  the  Brmsh 

Cliniaie. 
NOV£I.TIES— Many  valuable  introductions, 
MANY    OTHER    TREES,    SHRUBS,    and 

PLANTS  adapted  for  present  planting. 
Cai'^lc^ue  may  he  Iiai  on  cipplicatijn. 


THOMAS   S.   WARE, 

HALE    FARM  NURSERIES.   TOTTENHAM.  LONDON. 

POT   A  ^r^ 

For  Present  Planting,  in  Frames  and  Pots. 


c 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Oct.  27.— The  trade 
continues  dull,  and  only  best  samples  are  in  demand. 
Even  for  these  the  demand  was  not  large.  Regents,  6o.t. 
to  80J.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  60J.  to  801. ;  Early  Roses, 
70!.  to  8oi. ;  German  Snowflakes,  45^.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London  :  Oct.  27.  —  Beauty  of 
Hebrons,  65J.  to  701.;  Reading  Heros,  60J.  to  ^os.\ 
Early  Roses,  60s. ;  Champions,  451.  to  szr.  bi. ;  Victorias, 
SSJ.  to  701. ;  Regents,  %os.  to  6oj.  ;  and  Magnums,  5or.  to 
•JOS.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  28.—  Magnums,  47J.  M.  to  751.  ; 
Regents,  50J.  to  651. ;  and  Champions,  555.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  2885  bags  from  Hamburg.  34  from  Bremeii,  31 
from  Rotterdam,  i  from  Ostend,  2400  from  Stettin,  5 
from  Amsterdam,  7  from  Jamaica,  and  703  packages  from 
Ghent.  

HAY. 

Whitechape;l  :  Oct.  27.— Trade  exceedingly  dull, 
especially  for  Clover,  at  a  further  reduction  ol  2S.  in  the 
top  price.  Clover,  prime,  8or.  to  1051.  ;  inferior,  6or.  to 
801.  Hay,  prime,  651.  to  92J. ;  interior  straw,  28i.  to 
38s.  per  load.  \ 

Oct.  29.— There  was  a  large  supply  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  dull,  at  Monday's  rates. 

Str\tford;  Oct.  28.— Clover,  75J.  to  nor.;  meadow 
hay,  60J.  to  901.  ;  and  straw  29.1.  to  361.  per  load. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  :— East  Wylam,  155.  (>i.  ;  Walls  End— Tyne 
(unscreened).  lu.  3^.  ;  Hetton,  iSs.  bd.  \  Hetton 
Lyons,  i6r.  6i. ;  Lambton,  i8r.;  Wear,  i6j.  bd.  ;  Tees, 


8d.  per  Pound  (7  lb.  Carriage  Paid). 

Victor  is  the  perfection  of  Potatos  for  frame  cultivation, 

Ncui  Potatos  fit  for  use  having  been  produced  by  it 

in  six  weeks  from  date  ofpUnting. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    &    CO., 

SEED         MERCHANTS, 

SLEAFORD. 

HIONODOXA.    LUCILI^  (The  Glory  of 

the    Snow)  —A   charming   rich    blue,  with  white  eye. 
Most  eff;ctive  in  masses  for  early  spring  blooming. 

ANEMONE   FULGENS.— Dazzling  scarlet, 

bl  joming  from  February  to  May. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA.— Early  white 

flowers— from  the  Cape.     Very  sweet-s:ented. 

FREESIA    LEICHTLINI.  —  Similar  to  the 

former  but  primrose  colour. 
Extra  fine  bulbs  of  the  above.     See  our  Whole -.ale  CATA- 
LOGUE of  all  varieties  of  FLOWERING  BULBS,  free  on 
applicatron.     ^^^^jjjg     ^     SIMPSON, 
SEED  AND  BULB   MERCHANTS, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 
Special  offers  for  lar,;e  quantities. 


01 1  In 


JERSEY    PEARS- FINEST    AND    BEST 

AT    THE    CHISWICK    CONFERENCE. 
"  Wonderlully  fine  collection."— Gan/itw.  \icU. 

"  Exceed  any  shown  by  English  growers."— G3>-rt'f«<?rj'  Chron- 
"  Large  in  size,  superb  in  ha\^." —Gardeners'  Magazine. 
"  The  lioas  of  the  shovf.''— Garden. 

"  The  finest  coloured  and  largest."— Gar(ff«cw'  Chronicle. 
"  Wonderfully  grand  display."— ZJaiV^  Chronicle. 
"  Everybody  enquires  for  the  Jersey  Pears.''— G^nrV/j. 
"Jersey  carries  the  Paim."— Gardening  IVorld. 
"  Not  a  bad  dish  among  i\i^m."—G.irden. 


L      r\^    ,lhljlJSTRATPDCATAL0ClJC5  ,^      <, 

-JOSHUAiE  CORHU  ^^-SOH  .n\ 


i3j.  iiH. 


An  iiTimense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTaTtREES and  SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENBKONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 


Espahe    trained    245  per  do; 

nfvQCC Magnificent  Bushes    91  per  dozen 

nUOLO        Standards,  strong,  15^   per  do/en 

Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 

DUTCH    BULBS. 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT,  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR    GUINEA    PACKAGES 

Of  Choice   Hardy   Flowek-Roots    for   Indoor  and   Spring 
Gardening  have  been  much  cniarRed,  and  contain  as  under  ; 

COLLECTION    "  F,"    FOR    SPRING    GARDENING. 

Containing  938  Bulbs. 

36  Hyacinths,  distinct  colours.  400  Crocus, in4distinctcolours 

53  TuHps,  single  early.  101  Ra,iunculus,  double. 

50  Tulips]  double.  24  Glidiolui. 

35  Tulips,  single  late.  50  Snowdrops,  single. 

20  Narcissus,  Polyanthus.  25  Spanish  Iris. 

30  Narcissus,  incomparabilis.        25  Triieleia  unifiora. 

24  Narcissus,  Poeticus.  25  Scilla  hyacinthoides. 

50  An^monts.  double.  4  Lilium  umbellatum. 


COLLECTION    '•  C."    FOR    INDOOR, 
containing  277  Cliolce  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasaes. 


Hyacmths.  iS  in  iS  splendid 
named  varieties, 
3  Roman  Hyacinths. 
Tulips,  single  early— 
I  a  in  4  fine  named  varieties. 
6  DucvanThol.red&yellow 
6        ..        ,,    sc.irlet. 


Na 

12  in-4  nair 
Jonquils — 
6  double,  sv 

2  Scilla'sibi 
12  Choice  \% 
12       ..     Sjai 

Oxilis, 


t  (prx:ox). 


12  Grape  Hyacinths. 

(H.  botryoides). 
6  Eranlhis  Hyemalis. 
[o  fine  named  varieties.       6  Snowdrops. 
;s,  Polyanthus.  6  Iris  Pavonia. 

finest  named  varieties. 
Half  of  either  of  the  aboa-'e  for  ioj.  dd. 
The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
MERTENS    AND    CO.,    3,    Cross    Lane,    St.    Mary-al-Hill, 
London,  E.C  ,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  IN- 
DOOR and  SPRING  Gardening,  see  our  complete  and 
revised  CATALOGUE  for  1885.  which  will  be  sent,  post- 
free,  on  application  to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 

Haarlem,  Holland. 


BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

very  strong  blooming,  at  low  prices.      AUo 

CYCLAMEN  SEEDS, 

largest  flowering.    OtTered  by 
JOSEPH   KLAR,    BERLIN,  C.  LURIENSTRASSE  199. 


.ib-^Jl  1 


Crawley, 


Sussex. 


CALCEOLARIAS;    PRIlViULAS, 

CTCLAKEN,  and  CINERABIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  the  World.  li.ea' per  doz.,  loj.perioo, 
post-free.    In  small  pots,  2s.  6d.  doz.,  iS/.per  too. 

R.  J.  JOHNSON,  Esq  ,  3,  Wnltm  Street,  0.x/ord. 

September  zr,    1SS5. 

"At  cur  Show,  June  16,  I  gained  First  Prize  for  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 


H.    C.^NNELL    5:    SONR. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


571 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

3  AN  I   in       E:^t.-iivi^ER3^ 
WHITEFRIARS  STREFJ,  LONDON,  E.G.       __  ^ij^^ 


-J^ 


M^--^  ■    ■  ■  '      ■    1 

\f.  - 

THE    IMPROVED    SELF-Z^GriNG    HYDRAULIC    RAM 

This  useful  Self-acting  Apparatus,  which  works  day  and  night  without  needing  attention,  will  raise  water  to 
any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-power,  where  a  few  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  P.uildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 


No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 

No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Ste.im  Power.  [Gardens,  &.Q. 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49^.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  54<2.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No,  38,     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction, 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manui.icture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Mansions,  F'arms.  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS,  WARMING  APPAR.\TUS.  B.ATHS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  G.ASWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  part  or  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  furnished. 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs 

No.  54*.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed   for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex,  v 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

W. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     w.c. 

Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for . 


.  Months, 


commencing . 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Ofllce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 


THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :—  12  Months,  £\  3^-.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  lu.  \\d.  ;    3  Months,  ds.;  Post-free. 


FOREIGN  SUB.SCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  ;— Including  Postage,  £\  (ss.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £\  Zs.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND:' 


572 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885. 


•  alltitfot.iblishti). 


ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 

Jfriilt  Crecs, 

Evergreens  &  Cover  Plants. 


SPLENDID   QUALITY. 


/..,.■.. 

,,„, 

tj 

r,;ry„,„  ■■('.„,, 

'iiudr 

N 

"» 

-Rl 

ES     200     ACR 
./&r  Catatcziits. 

ES. 

fflcHiiblf  aUv.iii?.  Address  in  full — 

\  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN.  j 

^-^^-  Cbccitcn  -^^— 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(i5  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
bd  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  u. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sienature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited).  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Hiehgate  Nu 


FOREST  TREES 

One  of  the  largest  stocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 

unsurpassed  ;   prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;   roots  abundant. 


Giljhiun   ,uid  ,1.'/ 


applii^lwn. 


LITTLE  &B£LL^ 

Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

CARLISLE- 
BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

CHOICE     IMPORTED 

DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-ofdoor  combined. 
Price  ^\s.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  (>s.  61/.  to  ^4  4^. 


ROSES,  95.  per  dozen, 
fine  Plants. 


A  big  stock  and 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  S^c.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


yked/f^^Ae^^ 


MR.  DODWELL'S  GRAND  CARNA- 
TIONS, the  finest  grown.  200D  Plants,  including 
Seedlings  of  this  autumn,  to  be  Sold  for  the  benefit  of  the  Prize 
Fund  of  the  UNION  CARNATION  and  PICOTEE 
SOCIETY. 
Special  terms  to  the  Trade.  Particulars  on  apphcation. 
Address-HEAD  GARDENER,  The  Cotiase,  Stanley 
Road,  Oxford. 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  ofi'ered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 41.  f^d.  per  bushel  (r6  cal(es).  bd.  per  bushel  package  : 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  li.  -^d.  Trade  supplied 
very  low 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

41/.  per  bushel :   100  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 

40J.  :  4-bushet  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   55.    id.    per    sack; 

BLACK  FIBRoiJi  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  2jj.  ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ti.  gi.  per  bushel;  151.  per  half 
ton,  iks  per  ton  in  a*bushel  ba^s,  \d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  Sr.  id.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  2t,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  ;  newly 
made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  a  tons,  21J.  :  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
14J.  :  forty.  2si..  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cash  with 
orders.— J.  STEVliNS  AND  CO..  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.  W. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  fresh  only,  \s.  per  big;  15  bags,  125.  :  30  bags. 
2!i  .  sent  to  all  pans  :  trucks.  231.,  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM. -A.  FOULON.  3;,  St.  Mary  Axe.  London,  E.C. 

PE.^T. — 1000  cubic   yards  of  excellent  Peat, 
6'.   per   cubic  yard,  on  rail  ;  from  10  to  20  yards  in  a 
truck.     Special  Iriw  rates  to  all  parts. 

W.  SHDRI'.  Ho.ticuliural  Co..  Midhnrst,  Sussex, 


13-02.  Sample  Facketa.  free  by  post  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &:c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  (or  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  ;i;6  ej.perTruck.  BLACK  FIRROUSPEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags,  2ii.  6,/.  ;  10  Bags, 
43s.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  6./.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND.  Coanie  or  Fine,  521.  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough   Station.  Hants. 


Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure, 

M.^NUFACTURED    SOLELY  AT   CLOVENFORDS. 


For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 
WILLIAM     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,   by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen    and    Seedsmen. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Me 


(All  sacks  included.) 
,  5  sacks  lor  15^. 


.  per  bush,   sacks  included). 


Quality,  THE  BE5T  In  the  Market. 

PEAl',  best  bro»n  fibrous    ..   4<.  6d.  per 

PE.AT.  best  black  fibrous     ..    31.  6rf. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   is.6d. 

LtlAM.  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "k 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  f    , 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only...     1  "' 

PF.AT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  u.  3./.  perbu»h.,  lij.hilf  ton,  22j.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8./.  lb.,  28  lb.  tSi. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sp<!cialite')    8</.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  .MOSS,  all  selected,  2j.  per  bush. ,  6.!.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb  s  special  process), 
sacks,  ij.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9.1.  ;  15  sacks,  135.  ;  20  sacics,  175.  ; 
30  sacks.  255;  40  sacks,  yts.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  raU, 
255.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

■WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  4bushel  Bags, 
IS.  each  ;  30  for  25^. — bags  included  ;  2-ton  Truck,  free  on  Rail, 
25!.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
back  :  1  lor  2;j  6d.  ;  10  for  351.  :  io  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4S  6d.  per  Sack:  5  f^r  20s  ;  10  for  301. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  ts.  6d.  per  Bu.hel ;  141.  per 
li  Ton  ;  2^1.  per  Ton.  SPECI.'^LlTfi  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
ic,y.  perlb.;  iSlb.,2ij.;  cwt  ,  70s.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  S.:'.  per  lb.  ;  28lb.  for  iSj.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  4s.  per  Sick.  VELLOiV 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  Sick.  CHARCOAL.  21,  id.  per 
Bushel  ;  S.acks,  4V  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
S:c.     LIST  Free      Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


TOBACCO    PAPER,   6d.  per  lb.,  14  lb,  6s. 
ROLL  CLOTH,  best,  jd.  per  lb.,  14  lb.  js.  id. 
M  PEiRCE,  <)6,  York  Road,  MontpelUer,   Brisn!, 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1 

M  I)  ^ 

5 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12 

,1         4    „    20 

1     n    37 


d. 

0  each. 
6    „ 
0    „ 
0  per  Bag. 

0  M 

6       „ 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  Listing  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  JVholesale  Trade 

a7id  Export  Merchants. 
/7;.ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

VT  Gardeners  since  1859  aeainst  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tiees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  li.,  3J.,  and  loj.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  id.  and  ij.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Merchants. 

MATS    and    RAI-~F1A   FIBRE   supplied  at 
lower  orices  than  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.      For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 

MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Coveat  Garden,  W  C. 

Russian  Mats. 
T     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  are  offering 

O  .  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  (or  several 
jejis  lor  present  orders.  Al,o  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
M.Al'  BA(iiS.     Price  and  samples  on  applic 


I  and  s,  W. 


Street,  London,  E.C. 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:— 6  ft. 
6  ill,  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2J.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  is.  id.  \ 
6  ft.  6  in,  by  7  ft-,  at  3J.  id.     Apply  10 

Miss  MOLlQUt,  Asioo  Clinton,  Trlng,  Bucks. 

EUSSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 
Before    Buying,    write    for   JAS.   T.    ANDERSON'S 
Annual  Catalogue  (just  issued),  which  will  be  forwarded  post- 
free  on  application. — 149.  Commercial  Street.  LfOndon,  E. 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON." 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  smiilai  current  sizes  of  15-OZ  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOSQE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS, 

CLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St  John's  street,  West  Smlthflsld,  Lonilon,  E.O, 

Sixk  List  OHd  Pricts  on  aJi'iK.tlKn.     Quote  Ckrmcit, 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


573 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE    NETTING. 

THREE    GOLD    MEDALS. 


Very  greatly  REDUCED  FBICES-per  RoU  of  60  yards. 


Quality. 

j-in.  mesh     No.  i  Li^ht 
Poulliy.     No.  2  Medium 

r 

6 
18 

3    0 

3   e 

18 

!.4. 

4     (• 
3     3 

6     c 
6     9 

6  9 

7  m 

J.  rf. 

4    c 

7  0 

8  0 

9  0 

9  0 

10  6 

m 

r.  ./. 

"  3 

.3« 
in. 

rz 
9  ■ 

lo  6 

■3  ' 
.36 
.58 

s.d. 

14  0 

.60 
18  0 

18  <. 

72 

s  d. 
i3  0 

24  0 
27  0 

27  0 

31  4 

ii-m.mish'    No.  i  Liiiht 
Rabbit.      No.  J  Medium 

■94  0 

184    6 

i^iiLmesb 
Small 
RabbiL 

No.  I  Light 
No,  2  Mtdium 

■9 
.8 

4     6 

■S     3 

IRON   HURDLES,    BAR  and   WIRE   FENCIN8. 

STEEL   E(VRB   WIRE, 

FLOWER   and   NETTING   STAKES. 

BLACK   VARNISH,  for  Coating  Fencing,  iB.  6d,  per 

gallon,  carriage  paid.  In  18  and  3S-galIon  casks. 

MATERIALS  FOR  WIRING  WALLS  AND  TRELLISES 

FOR  TRAINING  FRUIT  TREES. 

J.    B.  BROWN  &  CO., 

Offices: 90,     CANNON     SIBEET,      E.G. 

IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c 


C  AT  ALOGUE  Free       Please  name  this  Paper 

BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLiSS, 

VICTORIA     WORKS.       WOLVERHAMPTON; 
And  139  aod  141,  Caonon  Sueet,  LondoD,  £.C. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS, 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  i8l.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  211   ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  zSj. 

Barrows  forwarded.  Carriage  Paid,  to  aiy  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BBIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAM'. 


ESPALIER     COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS— TRELLISED  ARCADES 
—ROSERIES— SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT  •  PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c. 


R.,.  HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and   WIRE   WORKS, 
The  Fheasantry,  Beaufort  Sueet,  CHelsea,  SW. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Coik,    Ra/iia    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,  Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.  E.C, 

Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING   APPARATUS. 

Moit  efficie)it  iind  iheape^t  tn  existence. 
Requires  no  sunk  stokehole  ;  will  last  all 
night  without  attention  ;  will  burn  house 
cinders  ;  costs  nothing  for  fuel  ;  is  a  tenant's 
fixture  :  any  one  can  fix  it  ;  a  domestic 
servant  can  stoke  it.    Price  of  Boiler  to  heat  :- 

55  feet  4-lncli  Pipe     .  £2  10s. 
110  feet  4-lnch  Pipe    ,.  £3  153. 
200  feet  4-lncn  Pipe   . .  £5  7a.  6d. 
Complete  Apparatus,  with  2  rows  of 
4-lnch  Pipe,  from  £4  128.  6d. 

The  most  complete  apparatus  manufacture'!. 
Numbers  in  use  all  over  the  count.y.  Full 
particulars  and  prices  of  every  sized  Apparatus 
post-free  The  only  slow  combustion  apparatus 
of  the  kind. 


nplite  I 


t  last  ail  night. 


spec im e 
Testimonial 

your  Slow  Coi 
buslion  Boiler 
good  trial  du 
ing  la 


want    but    little 


Chestnuts,     Eg- 
ham      Hill, 


CROMPrON  &  FAWK;E3,    Chelmsford. 


WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "  Endless-name-impact" 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

Mcd,il  at  Phtladelfkia  U.S.  hlternatioiial  Exhibiti  n. 
Medal  at  Christiania  Exhibition,  Norway. 
Medal  at  Alexandra  Palace  Internationtil,  London. 
Highest  Award  at  Carlisle  International  Exhibition,  for 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

Admitted  by  the  entire  Trade,  alter  public  and  form  il 
challenEes,  to  be  the  most  fconomical  of  fuel,  the  most 
POWERFUL  the  SIMILEST,  and  the  cheapest  Hot-water  Bjiler 
in  the  Market. 

Prices  greaily  reduced.  Our  new  nett  Price  List,  giving  full 
details,  will  be  handed  to  all  on  application.     Over  5C0  in  use. 

WRIGHT'S  BOILER  CO.,  Boiler  Woiks,  Aiidrie.  N  B 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,      INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


STOVES, 

Terra-Colta  :     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 

id.,    without   attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 

Testimonials  sent.       In  use  daily  at  Patentee's— 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 

112.  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 

The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT- WATER     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE     LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


FBED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 

4-inch  EXPANSION- JOINT  HOT-WATER 

PIPES,    IS.    %d.    per   yard  ;    3-inch    and 


nd  ECONOMIC  BOILER? 

Illuslratrated    LISTS  and  i-.ice-,    a'so 
Estimates  to  Plan  free. 
HENRV  ROBINSON,  Stewkins  Pipe  Works,  Sicuibridge. 
August   24.    188;.— Burton-on-Trent  customer  spates,    '    I  he 
iid  fittings  I  got  from  you  three  or  four  years  ago  have 


tred  well,' 


all  He 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO, 

(L1.MITED) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  ol 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatoriea. 
GreenliouBefl,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 

at  extremely  moderate  prices. 


Full  piit^culars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager.  GLOUCESTEK. 

CARSON'S  PAINT. 

Patronised  by 

HEJi       MAJESTY, 
HIS   ROYAL   HIGHNESS  THE  PRINCE   OF  WALES, 

I5.COO   OF   THE    NOBILITV,    GeNTRV,    AND   ClERGV. 

Is  extensively  used  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WORK,     CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames. 

I  Cwt.,  and  Oil  Mixture,  Free  to  all  Stations 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work,  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  Post'^ree. 

CARSON'S, 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL, 
LONDT)N,  E.C.  : 
21  and  22,  BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN. 
Discount  for  Cash. 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  application.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  Is.  each. 


ade  of  a  White  Metal, 

The  Gardeners'  Magazine  says  : — "  We  must  give  lhes( 
before  all  olher  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Suatford-on-Avon. 


574 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  3t,  i8 


THE  gardeners;  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Hta.l  Litu  L/iiircftias 


4  Lines... /o 

5  „  ...  o 

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15  Lines. 

16  „  . 

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25  „  . 


o  13    6 


'   ADDITIONAL   LINK. 

,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  301. 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

25  words  IS.  6d.,  and  dd.  for  every  .additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.—  Advcrtlstrs  art  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
xll  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlwrities.  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  5^.  each  insertion. 
Advertisements  for  the  current  meek   MUST   reach  tlie  Office 
bv  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  l\  33,  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  6S. 

Foreign  (excepting   India   and   China) ;    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months :    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be   made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

PUBLISHING  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

4r,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
"GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 

{Design  Regutered,  No.  14,865.) 


Price    complete,    with   :taging, 
Loughboiough  Hot-waler  Apparatuit. 
15  miles  of  London  Bridge,  ■ 
station  in  Erg'and. 


£25. 


LARGER  SIZES,  complete  as  above, 

12  ft.  by  S  ft.       J5fl.  by9ft.       20  ft.  by  lo  fr.       25  It.  by  12  ft. 
£28.  £35  103.  £44  10s.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Green- 
houses, &c..  with  Prices  for  Electing  and  Heating,  FREE 
ON  APPLICATION. 

Sutveys  made  and  Plans  and  Estimates  Free. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

''•st'^lef.Ic""'}  LONDON  BRIDGE. 


Js 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  bhould 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted  :— 

G  teet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     X2  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,        ,,  ,,         „  4^5° 

6  feet  long,  5  feci  wide,  ,,  .,  ,,  ^15° 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ..         .,  6  10    o 

Ihe  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in, 

R.      HALIilDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER, 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    B.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  /.nu  LU.  v...!  t,i.c  1  .  .i.cs  for 
every  dtsciipl.on  of  HORTICULTU  K.A.L  WOKK,  free  of 
charge    and  ser.d  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Palhs,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  en  application. 


RICHARDSON'S 

IMPROVED  GARDEN  FRAMES. 


;lE    RIDGE     VENTILATION. 
:rfering  with  ihe  plants. 


Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station.  Apply  for  Price  Ubt  to 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 
DARLINGTON. 

FOR  SALE,  a  bargain,  worth  ^£200,  a  fine 
Span-roofed  CONSEKVaTORV,  quite  new,  now 
standinj  at  Stand  97.  Inventions  Exhibition.  36  feet  long,  22 
feet  wide,  17  feet  high.  The  highest  offer  above  150  guines 
has  it.  SAM.  DEARD,  Harlow. 

^^^    '  GIRDWo'ob'S       ^^^ 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

and  most  wonderful 
ISCOVERY. 


ch  di! 


\N  hooping 
jugh,  Influenza,  Hay- 
sver,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

23.  3d.  per  box, 

th  f,  II  dnections  for  use. 
<:old  by  all  Chemists  and 

ent  Medicine  Vendors, 
ser.t    direct     [where    it 

not  readily  be  obtained), 


of  ihe 


.lid. 


detO 


from   the    ' 
Afdrisi— 
JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 

Inventor,  Patentee.. and  Sole 

t^^^^^J^S^-i.  Manufacturer, 

^^<5f«>»!*lJ"^^^*;  4,    9  Donegall  Sqre.  West, 
^^=5^—  _  _-3S?*^  Belfast. 

[      L  o    Fti  lor  Sept.,  1SS3.  says  :-■■  For 

n  itness    d     ab  I  t      adapteiiance     ve  can  most  St.  ongly  re- 
con-mend  ih  n  They  comb  ne  eieryf.au  cofexc.lence. 

For  the  Autumn  and  Winter    Warm  and  Durable. 

DEVO-JSHIBE  SERGE 

SAILOR  SUITo: 

viz.      Blouse,     Knitke.bockers, 

■  Singlet,  Collar,  Padge,  Lai  y.tJ. 

and    Whistle,    strong     quality, 

from  7^.,  Catriage  Paid. 

Fit  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

or  money  returned. 

Gills'  Navil  Costumes  same 

price  as  Boys'. 

AUo  Galatia  and  Jersey  Suits 

and     Costumes,    I  adies'    Dress 

Serges.  Cashmeres,  Velv 

ind  Underclothing,  direc-  

our  factories  at  astcnishing  low 
price.  Write  for  lllustratedLisls. 
Patterns  and  Measuretnent  Forms post-fr      , 

The  Midland  Manufacturing    Company,   Dudley, 

Please  mention  this  paper. 


GOLD   MEDAL    AWARDED 

from  tlie  International  Exhibition,  1886,  to 

^^-r^      WOOD  &  CO., 

J  '  ,  >      ',,r  iheir  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 

M  '    BUSTION  TUBULAR  BOILERS 

m)     I  ^: -i'  for  GREENHOUSES. 

•^    '    "    '  d.Ui-i"^-"'^  Fri.e    '  ■   •     ' 


ISTOL. 


T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSl':,    E.^SJVII.LE.    BRlJ 


^J^SSHOUSES&fl-EATm-G: 


^wwcK^tmsi 


BBAUTORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.l 


/  1  REENliOUSE  GLASS,  iW.   per   foot,  in 

or  boxes.  .Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-fOISONOUS  PAINT  for  Gieenhouses,  6^. 
per  lb,  or  41;.  per  cwL-^B.  LAMB  AND  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Di 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W.C. 

Kosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


(i<ao~s4l« 


}>«•.«=%! 


'^  Srj^.^-^^n4'^ 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  maieiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  bar- 
hour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further    labour  or  expense,  '-—-' 

as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c,,  in  Arlifici.il  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 
F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Biackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAG.'VTiNG  llOXES  :  also 
for    FOXLEY'S    P.«ENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

lllu.lraied  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZKD    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Si  able 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c, 

F.  R03HER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

I      L     V     E      R  S"    AND, 

ine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.  Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
r  Truckload.  on  VVhaif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
*.ls  10  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 

FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 

KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rales  in  any 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wh,i!ves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


s 


oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwoik,  Wood,  or  Stooe. 
^Registered  Trade  Mark  ) 


^^^.^"^ 

This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substituu 
all  outdoor  work  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  ihe  Aovenisers  and 
its  genuine  good  quality  notwithatanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u-ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Caslle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  receiveil. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  Cd.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"  Pierce fiela  Park,  June  21,  1876.— birs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  bUck  varnish  cask| 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow. — I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox." 

CA  UTION.  —  ^\\A,  &  Smith  would  particularly  wim  their 
Custcmers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  wiihout  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Eutiance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HU.L  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ire nworks,  Staffordshire 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


October  31,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


SIS 


PURE     WOOD     CHARCOAL 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

{IFISH    and   .SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  31.  6.-f.  bollle  ;   425.  dczen. 
■■  Special  Jury"  V\  hlskey.  7  ye^i-i  olJ.  4^.  bf-ttle  ;  4S'.  dozen. 
I  1-^   _    J    T —  I'  nr.  -1        (  i^  years  eld,  ^s.  bottle  ;    60^.  doz. 

Grand  Jury    Win.key  |  J  >^^^^  ^j^;  l^^  ^^^^^^ :  ^^^  j^^_ 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  ol  the  excellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
he  wirl  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  ssmi  I2  botile  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  (  art  of  the  United   Kinedrm  upi  n  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J".    JURY,    Belfast. 


This  Day  is  Published.  Ninth  Ediiion. 

A  BOOK  ABOUT  ROSES. 
By  S.  Reynolds  Hole.  New  and  Cheaper  Edition, 
Fcap  8vo,  ^r.  €d, 

■*  His  work  may  now  be  considered  the  most  comp'eta  gu'de 
to  this  intere&tin;^  branch  tf  floricultural  art."  —  Saturday 
R€vh-v. 

"Ai  once   charming   and    instructive The    practical 

questions  of  positions,  soil,  manure,  and  selection  are  carefully 
and  exhaustively  treated." — Standard. 

"  It  is  the  production  of  a  man  who  boasts  of  thirty  'all 
Eneland'  cups,  who^e  Roses  are  always  looked  for  anxiously 
at  flower  shows,  who  took  the  lion's  share  in  origioatine  the 
first  Rose  show  pttr  ct  nntple^  whose  assistaiice  as  jud^e  or 
amicus  curiee  is  always  courted  at  such  exhibitions.  Such  a 
man  "ought  to  have  something  to  say  worth  hearing  to  those 
who  love  the  Rose.'  and  he  has  said  it."— Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  and  SONS,  Edinburgh  and 
London. 


ZADKIEL'S  ALMANAC  for  i8S6,  the  Year 
of  Cl-ange.— Circulation  over  140.000.  Contains  Voice  of 
the  Stars,  Weather  Predictions,  Hieroglyphic.  Z  idkiel 
foretold  the  Rus.ian  Advance  in  Afglamstan,  the  Scudan 
Expedition,  &c. 
LonJiii  :    COUSINS    amd    CO.,    3.  York   Street,   Covent 


Garden,  W.C. 


Price,  td. 


WANTED,  for  a  Nobleman's  establishment, 
an  active  intelligent  young  GARDENER,  willing  to 
make  the  Culture  of  Roses  a  specialty.  To  a  pu^hing  man 
anxious  to  succeed,  this  is  an  exceptionally  favourable  oppor- 
tunity. Apply  by  letter  only,  stating  experience,  &c  ,  to 
Z  ,  j.imes  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exjirc  Nuisery,  Kmg's 
Road,  Chelsea,  S  W. 

WANTED,   a    good    SINGLE-HANDED 
GARDENER.       Wages    371.    per   week -C.    J.    T., 
Gard.mrs'Cluan  r/f  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  trained,  SINGLE- 
HANDED  GARDENER.  Will  have  to  look  after 
one  Horse  and  Cairiage,  and  Drive  occasiorally.  Must  be  very 
quick,  active  and  industrious.  Wages  for  the  first  year  .£30, 
with  heard  and  lodging  in  House.— Mrs.  Y. ,  Westlield,  Little 
Shelfcrd,  Cambridge. 

WANTED,  a  steady  young  Man,  about 
i3  years  of  age,  as  IMPROVER.  State  wages  and 
previous  experience  toGARDENER,  Sugnall  Hall,  Ecckshalt, 
Staffordshire. 

WANTED,  a  TRAVELLER.  —  One  re- 
quired  who  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of,  and  value  of 
Nusery  Stock,  b,th  Out  and  Indoors.— Address  in  own  hand- 
lilting   to  Messr-.   THOS.   CRIPPS    AND    EON,  Tunbridge 


Kent. 


Wells  Nui! 

WANTED,  CLERK  and  TOWN  TRA- 
VELLER, for  small  Nursery.  Will  be  r.  quired  to  kiep 
the  Books,  and  Solicit  Orders  in  London  for  Pa'ms,  Fernp,  and 
Decorative  Plants.  One  with  a  London  connection  preferred.  - 
X.  L.,  Gardeners  Chroiiice  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  JUNIOR  CLERK.— Must  be 


WANTED,  an  intelligent  YOUTH,  who  has 
had  some  experience  in  a  FIcr.st's  and  Seedsman's. 
Must  be  active  and  willing  to  make  himself  generally  useful.  A 
gocd  opportunity  for  improvement.  — Address,  wiih  full  parti- 
culars, age.  &c.,  to  Messrs.  MORLE  and  CO.,  1  and  2 
Fenchurch  Street,  E  C. 


WANT_PLACE8. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  O titers. — It  is  very  iinportuni 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
I't  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

-John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edm- 
bureh.  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gartlener. 


Gardeners,  Farm  Bailiffs,  aad  Foresters, 
TAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 

fJ  Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  po.ititn  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  ihc  hishct  lespeclabihly  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  — Full  paiticulars,  with 
names  of  prevrous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

''PO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

L      McIntvke  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Ciuunds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


OICHARD     SMITH     and     CO. 

J-  \>  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.-St.  John's  Nurseri..s.  Worcester. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 
arc  kept.— a  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  anyone  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man.— 
A.  A.  D.,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Thoroughly  prac- 
tical ;  good  expetience  in  all  branches,  including  Orchids. 
Excellent  testimonials.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  Mr. 
McKAY,  Maristow  Garden?,  Rcborough,  South  Devon. 

GARDENER  (Head).— The  Viscountess 
DowNE,  Dingley  Park.  Market  Harborough,  wishes 
strongly  to  recommend  her  late  Head  Gardener  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requii  ing  the  service  of  a  thoraugh  practical,  trust- 
worthy, and  energetic  man,  in  all  branches  of  the  profession, 

ARDENER    (Head).— Mr.    BENNETT, 

Vineyard,  Potters  Bar,  can  with  confidence  recommend 
a  thorough  practical  man  of  twenty  years' txperience  in  first- 
cliss  places,  to  any  Nobleman  cr  Gentleman  requiring  the 
services  of  a  Gardener  fully  competent  to  take  the  Manage- 
ment of  a  good  establisment. 


GARDENER. (Head  Working).— Age  27, 
married  when  suited  :  total  absiainer.  Thirteen  years' 
gcoJ  practical  e.\perience  in  all  brarches.  First-clasi  references. 
— W.  L.  H.,  Redleaf  Gardens,  Penshursf,  Kent. 


CriARDENER  (Head  Working).— MitJdle- 

V^  aged,  mairied  ;  great  experience  in  all  branches.  Manager 
to  the  late  Mr.  Solomon.  Understands  disposal  of  surplus 
Fruit,  Flowers,  &c  ,  land  and  Stock,  and  the  general  routine  of 
an  establishment. -J.  HAIGH,  The  Geen,  Kipley,  Surrey. 


/^ARDENER   (Head   Working,   or    Kood 

Vj  fiNCLE-HANDEu).  —  Age  =3,  single  t  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  all  branches.  First-cbss  references,  —  C.  D.. 
1.  Bridge  Stieet,  Bridgenorth. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  GAR- 
PENER  and  BAILIFF. -Age  46,  married,  no  encum- 
brance ;  successful  Grower  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  and 
Mushrooms;  all  kinds  of  Eaily  and  Late  Forcing;  a  good 
"••-•---    and    Flower   Gardener.      Good   character    Irora    last 


Kitche 


als.-  E.  W.. 


Gloucester 


/^ARDENER    AND    BAILIFF. —Age    37, 

^-^  married,  no  incumbrance  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
every  branch— Fruits,  Flowers.  Plants,  Laying-out  Grounds, 
&c  ,  ;  also  Management  of  Home  Farm,  all  kinds  of  Stock, 
and  Dairy.  Twelve  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  highly 
recommended.— A.  OFFER,  Felcourt,  East  Grinstead. 


Seed  Trade. 

A  MANAGER  ot  great  experience,  has  had 
the  superintendence  for  many  years  of  one  of  the  most 
succesilul  Houses  in  the  Trade,  will  shortly  desire  a  re-cngage- 
mcol.  America  or  the  Colonies  not  objected  to.  — G.  H., 
60,  Trafalgar  Road,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 


DEPARTMENT  FOREMAN,  or  NUR- 
SERY MANAGER  :  age  sS.-Employment  wanted  by 
a  wtliinfotmed,  energetic  man.  -Absolutely  lrr>t-class  character 
and  risferences,  leiching  over  these  last  twelve  years,  from 
leading  nurseries  in  Denmark.  G;rrnany,  England,  and 
Am.rica.  Leaves  pie.ent  situation-Softwooded  Department 
Fo.eman  in  leading  Lor  don  market  nursery— on  own  account  — 
W.  SKARUP,  Hoddesdon,  Herts. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 
25  ;  can  be  well  recommended  by  present  and  previous 
employers.  Two  years'  Foreman  in  piesent  situation. — E.  J. 
SMITH,  Caldecole  Gardens,  Nuneaton. 

Tj^OREMAN,  or  entire  charge  of  quantity  of 

-L  Glass,  Marktt  or  Private.-  Age  59.  single  ;  practical 
Plantsman,  (irst-class  at  Fruit  and  Orchias.  Fourteen  years' 
experience  — W.  H.  S.,  The  Gardens,  Brookman's  Park, 
Hatfield,  Herts. 

TOURNEYMAN.-J.  McNair,  The  Gardens, 

O  lUm  Hall,  Ashbourne,  will  be  glad  tosecure  for  a  pushing 
young  man,  a  situation  as  above. — Address  as  above. 

TOURNEYMAN.-Age    19;    six   years'   e.\- 

^J  perience  Inside  and  Our.  Excellent  references  total 
abstainer.- W.  SILLS,  lo.  Picket's  Street,  Balham,  S.W. 


JOURNEYMAN  ;    age  22.  — Mr.  E.  Sand- 

O       FORD,    of    The   Gardens,    Dale    Park.    Arundel,    will  be 
pleased  to  recommend  George  Watis.  who  has  been 
for  the  last  three  years.— Address  as  above. 


»ith  hit 


JOURNEYMAN    (Third,  or  First 

fJ  IMPROVEK)  in  a  Gentleman's  Gai  den.— Age  tg  ;  six  y.  i-s" 
experience.  Good  references.  Town  or  country.— G.  E.  B. 
BoWYER,  Heath  End,  Farnham,  Surrey. 


TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— A  Dutchman  of 
good  family,  twenty  years  old,  speaking  English  fluently, 
well  acquainted  with  and  trained  in  the  Dutch  Bulb  Growing 
and  Trade,  wants  a  situation  in  England.  Good  references 
given  and  required.— S.  T.,  Mr.  L.  Visscr.  Heemstede,  near 
Haarlem,  Holland. 


IM  PRO VER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Establishment. 
—Age  tg;  -2%  years*  good  character.— E.  W.  RELF,  4, 
Old  Penge  Lane,  Penge,  S.E. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  by  a  young 
man  (age  23),  a  situaiion  in  the  Houses;  eight  years' 
Florist  Work.  Good  character.— A.  S.,  8,  Gatteridge  Street, 
Banbury,  Oxford. 

To  NURSERYMEN  and  FLORISTS.— 
Wanted,  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  by  an  a 
(age  20),  quick  at  Potting.  Watering,  &c  , 
making  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  Ladies'  Spiays,  &c  ,  and  a  good 
knowl.jdge  o(  Botk-keepmg.  Good  character.  Wages  moderate. 
-A.  H.,  aird^nen-  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Stt.and,  W.C. 


:  young  r 


^yo   GARDENERS.— A   strong    active    lad 

J-      (age  18).  desires  a  situaiion  ;  has  been  in  the  garden   two 


''rO  GARDENERS.— A  youth  (age   i8),  two 

-L      years  in  Kitchen  Garden,  wants  situation  in  the  Houses 


^O  HEAD  GARDENERS.— A  Boy  (age  15) 

.  wants  a  situation  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden, 
rmium  given.  Good  references. -HARRY  MUNI',  High 
eet  Green,  Heinel  Hempstead,  Herts. 


HANDY  MAN,  in  large  Nursery,  or 
GROWER  in  Small.-Could  undeitake  Repaus,  ard 
used  to  London  Market  Trade.  Well  recommended.- C.  J.. 
Farnborough,  Kent. 


SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.  — 
Twenty-five  years'  practical  experience  in  London  and 
Provincial  Houses.  Thorough  knowledge  of  every  detail  con- 
nected with  Seed  and  Bulb  Business  routine  ;  good  knowledge 
of  Planf^.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  former  employers.- 
H.,  36.  Hay  ward  Street,  Elton,  Bury,  Lancashire. 

SHOPMAN,  or  MANAGER.  —  Age  27; 
fourteen  years'  experience,  Wholesale  and  Retail  ;  well 
up  in  all  branches.  Gocd  references.— WALTER,  io%  Bcthoal 
Green  Road,  London,  E. 


SHOPMAN.  —  Age  36 ;  eighteen  years' 
practical  experience  in  the  Seed  and  iiulb  Trade.  Good 
references.— F.  B.;  lo,  Child's  Street,  Earl's  Court  Road. 
Kensington,  W. 

SHOPMAN.— Age   26  ;    eleven    years'  e-xpe- 
rience.  Now  disengaged.    First-class  references.    Satislac- 


SHOPMAN  or  ASSISTANT.— Eleven  years' 
experience;  thorough  knowledge  of  Farm,  Vegt table, 
and  Flower  Seeds,  Bulbs,  Sundries.  &c.  Good  knowledge  of 
Plants.-C.  B.,  124,  Holland  Street,  Gl.sgow. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant).— Ten  years'  expe- 
rience, wholesale  and  Rttiil.    Good  references GEO. 

COY,  W.  W.  Johnson  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants,  Bo=ton. 

WAREHOUSEMAN  or  SHOPMAN 
(Second)  —Advertiser  is  open  to  an  Engagement  as 
above.  Thoroughly  conversant  wiih  all  departments  o'  the 
business;  eight  years'  experience.  —  SEEDSMAN,  Castle 
Forbes,  North  Lotis,  Dublin. 

RAVELLER.— J.   Don,   Frant  Road,  Tun- 

bridgc  Wells,  will  complete  his  enitagement  with  Messrs. 
Cripps  &  Son,  Nurserymen,  Tunbridge  Wells,  in  a  f^w  weeks, 
and  IS  now  cpen  for  re-engagement  as  above.  Messrs.  Cripps 
&  Son,  as  well  as  Me.,srs.  E»ing  St  Co.  (late  of  Noiwich), 
Sea  View   Nurseries,   Havant,  will  be   pleased   to  answer  any 


CLERK  (Junior).— Age    17  ;  two  years   in 
Nursery.     Good   relerences.— H.    P.,  6,    Ivy    Terrac- 
Baddow  Road.  Chelmsford. 


HANDY  MAN. -A  Gentleman  can  recom- 
mend a  'handy  man  as  Painter.  Plasterer,  and  rough 
Carpenter,  to  any  Gentleman,  —  T.  WOOD,  Rudgewav 
House,  Easlville,  Bristol. 

TO    FLORISTS.— A   young  Lady  (Florist's 
daughler)  desires  re-engagement  -as  ASSISTAN  T,     Able 
Keep    Books    if    required.      Highest    references.- M     W  , 
■" ~       4'.  Wellington  Strest,  Strand,  W.C 


Garden. 


iVi-Offio 


DR.  LOCOCK'S  PULMONIC  WAFERS.— 
Mr.  Thresh,  Cliemht,  Hich  Street,  Buxton,  urites:— 
"  Many  cures  of  Asthma,  Bronchitis,  Coughs,  Colds.  &c  .  have 
come  under  my  notice.  No  other  medicine  cures  so  quickly, 
sa'ely,  or  pleasant  ly."  In  all  disorders  of  the  Throat  and  Lungs, 
Rheumatism,  and  all  Hysterical  and  Nervous  Ccmplaints,  they 
give  instant  relief,  a  rapid  cure,  and  taste  pleasantly. 

Sold  by  all  DruEgistsat  ir.  i%d.  and  2s.  gd.  psr  box. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
-Rheumatism  and  Gout.— These  purifying  and  sooth- 
ing remedies  demand  the  earnest  attention  of  all  persons  liable 
to  Gout,  Sciatica,  or  other  painful  affections  of  the  munUs, 
nerves,  or  joints,  'i  he  Ointment  should  be  applied  after  ihe 
afTecled  parts  have  been  patiently  fomented  with  warm  water, 
when  the  ungU'  nt  should  be  diligently  lubbed  upon  the  adjacent 
sk  n,  unless  the  friction  should  cause  pain.  Holloway's  Fills 
should  be  simultaneously  taken,  to  reduce  inflammation  and  lo 
purify  the  btood.  This  treatment  abates  the  violence,  and 
lessens  the  frequency  of  Gout.  Kheumaiism,  and  all  spasmodic 
diseases,  which  spring  from  hereduary  predisposition,  or  from 
any  accidental  weakness  of  constitution.  This  Ointment  checks 
the  local  mischief.    1  he  Pills  restore  the  vital  powers. 


576 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  31,  1885. 


S  H  A  RPE'S     NEW     P  HAS 

SIR    R    A    MILBANK: 


This  Year's  Novelty. 

SHARPE'S    TRIUMPH.  SHARPE'S    EARLY    PARAGON. 

SHARPE'S    PROLIFIC    WHITE    MARROW. 

For  Prices  of  these  and  other  Sterling  Novelties,  see 

SHAEPE'S     LIST     OF     SPECIALTIES     FOE     1885-6, 


POST-FREE    TO     THE    TRADE    ON    APPLICATION. 


POSTED     TO    CUSTOMERS. 


CHARLES    SHARPE    &    CO.,     SLEAFORD. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO. 


/h-s. 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER      HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STANL.EY    BRIDGE,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

CONTBACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

.E., 


UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E., 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Ilbistrated  CATALOGUE,  \^th  Edition, price  \s. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves 


,.^^i-..-  k ' 


CROMPTON&FAWKFS 

(lateT.  II.  P.  DKNMS&  Co), 
ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  Mansion  House 

Bulldlnga. 

Honkuliural  Builders  in  Wjcd 

or  Iron. 

Hot-wjter    Healine    Engineers   and 

Boiler  Makers. 

cHS     Best  Woikmanship  ard  Materials. 

■^  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    F  S  E  £. 

Editorial  Commanications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wtllington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Brapbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitcfriars,  Citv  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Pubhshtd  by 
S^he  said  William  RichaXOS,  at  the  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  s-iid  Coumy.  — Sati'RDAV,  October  31,  1S85. 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hivwood.  Agents  (or  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Mikiies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgo«. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaljlisijeti  1841. 


No.  619.— Vol.  XXIV.  {sER^iEs.}     SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  7,  1885.      { 


Registered  at  the  General  )       Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  sjrf. 


CONTENTS. 

Agricultural  returns 

Via 

Obituary  :— 

Athrotaxis  laxifolia 

S84 

Bull,  Dr 

s8l 

Belladonna  Lilies,  vars.of 

wa 

Holman,  Mr  W. 

60. 

Books         

sib 

Tongkindt    -    Coninck, 

Bninsvigia  Josephina:    .. 

vn 

Mr.  C.  J.  M. 

601 

Bull,  Dr.,  the  late 

■iSl 

Otto,  Edward  . . 

t»ii 

Combretum  micropetalum 

S02 

Odontoglossum,  the  genus 

S8< 

Dicksonia  Lathamii 

S84 

Onions,  exhibition 

SOS 

Forestry 

■;87 

Orchid  notes 

SS4 

Fruit  notes 

Peach,    unusual    growth 

Fruits  under  glass 

■591 

of            

sof. 

Gardeners'    Royal  Bene- 

Pear blight,  direct  cause 

S86 

volent  Institution 

,,    congress 

Garden  Palms      . . 

SBO 

„     raising 

S8o 

Gourds,  ornamental 

Plants  and  their  culture 

Grapes  at  Bexley  Heath 

Primula,  monstrous 

SO6 

andSwanley    .. 

Proliferation  in  Ferns     . . 

Hardy  fruit  garden 

SOI 

Show  fixtures 

sq4 

Heat  in  flowers    .. 

Societies  :— 

Herbaceous  border 

TO7 

American  forestry  con- 

H  erefordshi7-e    Poinona, 

6ro 

the 

s8i 

Ealing,      Acton,      and 

International    exhibition, 

Hanwell        . . 

proposed            . .         592 

W8 

Lambeth  amateur      . . 

Kitchen  garden    . . 

SQI 

Spruce  and  Larch  hedge 

S98 

Lathyrus  salivus 

Stinging  Nettle,  the 

Lawnotes 

601 

Strophanthus  dichotomus 

Many-homed  fungi 

SOS 

Sulphide  of  potassium   .. 

Masdevallia    hieroglyph- 

Turner  Memorial  Fund 

ica 

s8.1 

Vanda  ccerulea    . .        59^ 

Mildew 

594 

Weather 

600 

ILLUbTK 

ATIONS. 

Athrotaxis  laxifolia 

S8s 

Combretum  micropetalum 
Odontoglossum  crispum  g 

%k 

uttatu 

m  roseum 

, ,     crispum  var.  Steven 

1..    . 

Peach,  unusual  growth  of 

Sgf) 

Primula,  monstrous 

APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  b(  half  of  Two  Sifters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72 
(the  younger  has  been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  who 
have  lived  together  all  their  lives.  The  leases  of  their 
property  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  they  have  vainly 
struggled  since  then  to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apart- 
ments, but  the  little  money  they  had  saved  being  now 
quite  exhausted,  and  owing  over  a  year's  rent,  make 
this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save  their  home  from  being 
broken  up,  and  parting  with  everything  they  possess. 
Will  any  kind  PViends  help  them  in  their  deepest  dis- 
tress ?  The  lollowing  Gentlemen  have  kindly  allowed  a 
refeience  to  be  made  to  them,  and  will  give  every  in- 
formation respecting  the  genuineness  of  this  Appeal  : — 

Dr.  MAXWF.LLT.  MASTERS,  F.R.S.,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W  C 

Mr.  THO.S.  VERNON,  Wrrkly  Dhpatch  Office. 

Mr.  J    P.  FULLER,  t.  Wevmoulh  Street  Portland  Place  W. 

Mr.  \V.  H.  PERCY,  Weekly  Dist^atchOSt^^. 

Mr.  J.  KEASLEY,  62,  Saltouo  Road,  Brixton.  S  W. 

Mr.  W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Contributions  will  be  gratefully  received  and 
thankfully  acknowledged  by    Mr.  w.  RICHARDS. 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle"  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress Jor  Foreign  attd  Inland  Telegravis  is 
"  GARDCHROX, 
London." 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
'THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their    Copies    regularly,    are  particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  ■u  ilh  the  Publisher, 

IV.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


Now  Ready,  In  clotli,  16s. 
7V/£   GARDENER.S'   CHRONICLE, 

I         V,.,lume   X.XIJI.,  JANUARY   to  JUNE,   1S85. 

W,   RICHARDS,  41    VVellmjton  Street.  Sfraod.  W.C. 

J^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J.  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.15  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Agent  for  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  8t4,  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


TELEGRAMS.— "PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 
is  Registered  by  and  Suffices  for 
PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 
The  g.eat  all-round  Hardy  Plant  Nursery. 

"pACADIUM,        L  O  N  D  O  N." 

V^     The  above  is  our  Address  for  Inland  Telegrams. 

EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.-Now on  View. 

ail  the  recent  Novelties,  some  promising  Seedfings,  and  all  old 

Standard  varieties  :  the  most  compleic  Collection  in  the  Trade. 

LISTS  Gratis  on  application. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

HOMAS    WARE,    Hale    Farm    Nurseries, 

Tottenham.  London,  begs  to  announce  that  his  Address 
for  Telegrams  is"  WARE,  TOTTENHAM." 

ELEGR  APH  IC       ADDRESS.— 

"GILBERT,   STAMFORD." 

It  is  said  that  Conservatives  have  no  Policy.     Being  a  thorough 

one  I  declare  my  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honestly,  to  sell  all  I  can, 

and  to  give  general  satisfaclion.    Send  for  CATALOGUE. 

R.  GILBERT.  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 


TELEGRAMS. 
"  WALLACE,  COLCHESTER."  is  now  the  Telegraphic 
Address  of  the  NEAf  PLAN  T  and  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

LAURELS.— 2  to  3  feet,  extra  transplanted, 
very  bushy,  151.  per  100.  .£6  per  looo.  The  finest  stock 
in  ih-  Trade.  For  other  sizes  and  General  Nursery  Stock,  see 
CATALOGUE,  post-free  on  application. 

R  TUCKER,  The  Nurseries,  Faringdon,  Ktrks. 
TELEGRAMS— "TUCKER,     FARINGDON." 

FINE  CUT  FLOWERS.  —  LILACS, 
ROSES,  TUBEROSES,  VIOLETS.  &c  Wh  .lesale 
Catalogues  and  P.ices  on  application.— ANDERSON.  LANO- 
BEHN  AND  CO..  Horiicuheurs,  it.  Rue  de  Dunke.que,  Paris. 

HAMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH   VINES.-Extra  strong    Fruiting   Canes   of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 


Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  al.o    FRUIT  TREES  of  all  descriptions, 
in  la-ee  numbe  s.     CATALOGUE  fr.:e  on  applicati.3n 

CHARLHS  TURNER,  1  l,e  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough, 

EW    STRAWBERRIES.— Laxton's   King 

of  the  Earlies  and  '1  he  Captain.— These  steiling  novelties 


T.  LAXl'ON,  Seed  Gn 


Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 
AING   AND   CO.'S    Stock  of  Fruit   Trees, 


Shiubs.  and  Orna 


low.       Early    orders 


soliciied 
JOHN 

LISTS  on 
LAINO  AND  CO 

IIP 

S", 

ei,  Fores 

t  Hill 

S.E. 

P 

For 
Cas.Ie 

I    N 

E- 

A  P 

P  L 

E 

s 

for 

S  A 

L  E. 

.'Vbout 

pariicula 
Hill,  Sou 

a  doite 

Smo 

s  apply 

h  Molt 

n  very 
olh  Cai 
to  Mr 

R. 

some  Fru'tsof  the 
NICHOLAS,  The 

jarderi'^, 

We  are  prepared  to  receive 
pUT  FLOWERS,  FERNS,  &c.,  onCommis- 

^-J     sion.—  For  further  particulars  apply  to  POPE  AND  SONS, 
Florists,  Central  Avenue,  Birmingham  Maiket  Hall. 

SOU  ELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
Long  Maiket,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE 
a  quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

QQUELCH         AND         BA^RNHAM, 

O     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consienments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

a  Q  U  E  L  C  H         Tnd        BARN  HAM. 

kJ  ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 

CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
HANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  t;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  opSn  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Gaiden  Flower  Miiket  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obiain  the  Highest  Market  Piice-.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers' and  good  Trade  references.  All  Co  tsignments  to  be 
addressed  as  ab.ive.      Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

\\7M.     PERRY,    Jun,    Smithfield  ^Market, 

»  '  Manchester,  is  ptep.red  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGM- 
MENTS  of  GRAPES,  lOiMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c      Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 


Sale, 


Banke 


nd  Trade  refer 


ANTED,     PEACH     TREES,     Surplus 

Stock,  extra  sizes.  Rider  aso  Dwarf-trained.     Must  be 
well  furnished.     Particulars,  variet  es.  sire,  &c.,  to 

AUSTIN    AND    Mc\SI.AN,     Nurserymen   and    Seedsmen, 
Glasgow. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— The  first  Importa- 
tions of  these  Bulbs  are  now  in  our  hands,   lowest  prices 
to  the  Trade  on  application  to 

JAMES  CARTER.   DUNNETT    and   BEALE,   237  and 
=38,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


L' 

LIUM 

AURATUM.- 

—Fine 

large, 

Pl 

\xm 

P 

English- 

Rrown    Bulbs,  8,  lo, 

and  12 

nches,  anc 

mr 

nst 

Krilhs 

14  to  15 

niches  in  circiimfere 

nee    now 

rcadv 

Mr 

WILLIAM   BULL.    Establishment 

for  New 

nd 

H7i 

re 

Plant 

,  5^6,  Ki 

ng's  Road,  Chehea, 

London 

S.W. 

ABIES     DOUGLASII      GLAUCA,  —  Un- 

-^^     doubtedly  one  of  ibe  fine-^t  introductions  of  1  iie  years, 
being  hardier,  more  compact,  and  not  apt  to  lose  its  leader  like 
the  ominon   Douglasii.     2  to  3  feet,  125  ;  3  to  4  feet.  i3j.  per 
dozen.     A  LIST  of  other  hsrdy  l^ines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON   BROTHERS,  Aberdeen. 


H 


ELLEBORUS  NIGER  (Christmas  Rose). 

Special   olTer   ot  imported    Roots   on   application  (just 


/"lARNATIONS    and    PICOTEES.— First- 

V^"  class  Cu'tural  Certificate,  Manchester,  1885.  All  the 
finest  named  varieties  grown,  my  selection,  for  cash,  ts.  par 
dozen.    Send  for  CATALOGUE. 

R.  LORD,  Florist,  Holebottom.  Todmorden. 

QPIR.'EA  JAPONICA,  strong,  well  ripened 

r^  Clumps  for  Forcing,  very  fine,  20,.  per  ico. 

DEUTZIA    GRACILIS,    ditto,    jsr.    per  100. 
A  LIST  of  other  Plants  for  Forcing.  &c,,  free  on  application. 
WALTER  CHAS.   SLOCOCK,   Goluwoith  Old   Nursery, 
Woking,  Surrey. 

NUVV  READY,  for  Immediate  Delivery, 
•elected  Impwted  Clumps  LILY  OF  THE  VAILEV. 
DIELVTRA  SPECTAKILIS,  and  SPIRAEA  (Hoteia) 
JAPONIC  ,  also  Single  Crowns  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY, 
and  all  Buibi  of  best  quality  and  carriage  free. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  (No.  30,)  sent  on  application. 
I  AMES   DICKSON    and    SONS,    108,   Eastgale   Street, 

Limes-  Limes— Limes. 

JOHN  PERKINS  AND  SON  offer  extra 
fine  Standard  LIMES,  12  to  t«  feet,  with  straight  stems 
and  good  heads,  suitable  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  3or.  per 
do.e.i.  Billing  Road  Nurseries.  Northampton. 


D 


OUBLE        AFRICAN        TUBEROSES. 

Splendid  quality,  20i.  per  100   3r  6^.  per  dozen. 

Trade  price  on  application. 

HOOPER  AND  CO  ,  Covent  li.irden,  London,  W  C. 


YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL  ;" 
containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
in  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.   Price  11. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

New  Hardy  Pemettyas 

LT.  DAVIS'S  Descriptive  LIST  of  these, 
•     at  Reduced   Piicef,  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  h  td  ou 


Opie' 


;  Nursery,  Hillsborough,  Co.  Do 


/'^ROUX     ET     FILS,    NURSERYMEN,     VallfSe 
yj  d'Aulnay,  i  Chatenay.  S.-ine.-w  Heciates. 

GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  caielully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

!i867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d*Art. 
1873,  Two  Granrls  Prix,  Cioix  de  la 
LrSgion  d'Honneur. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 


D 


OUBLE    AFRICAN      TUBEROSES.— 

ine.  \os.  per  100,  £\  per  lojo  ;  extra  large,  finest 


AMEKICAM   PEARL,  ditto,  12 
LI  LIUM  AURATUM,  cheapest 

nd  35r  pi 


lyevercfi'ered,  28(. 
and  162    Fenchurch  Street.  E.C. 


MllKLE  AND  CO  , 

DOUBLE  TUBEROSE^,~extra  fineT^j-rper 
dozen  ;  LIl.IUM  AURATUM,  s.Urdid  Roots,  .1..  and 
6s.  per  dozen  :  LILY  of  VALLEY,  Gernwn  Lrowis.  51.  6d  per 
too:  SP1K/E\  JAPONICA.  31.  per  dozen:  AZALEAS  and 
CAMELLIAS,  from  18s  per  d.  zen.  Large  quantities  at 
cheaper  rales.     Tr.ide  price  on  application. 

MORI.E  AND  Cii..  I  and  2,   Fenchurch  Street,   E.C,  and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Finchley  Road.  N.W. 

Tne  New  Raspberry. 
)        BEACONSFIELD. 

{*   Seedling,! 
ia'pberry  and   best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 


L 


Usual  alio' 


A     Iff 


irford. 


t  for  prompt 


13EAKS— PEAKS— PEARS.— PYRAMIDS, 

i      of  the  finest  varielies,  6r.,  91.,  12s.  per  dozen  ;  TRAINED 
TREES,  12s..  15s,  i8j   p,^rdoz-i.. 

WM.  CI.IBRAN  AND  SON,  O  dfield  Nurse. ies,  Altrincham  ; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

QTRAWBERRIES.— Leading  sorts,  in  large 

*J     6o's.  for  porting  on  or  planting  out.     Low   prices  to  the 

Trade  and  others.     LIST  on  apolica  i.nn. 

FRANCIS  R.KINGHO    N,  Nu.s  rj  m in,  Rchmond,  Surrey 


578 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  7,  18 


SALES_B^(^^UCTION. 

Tuesday  Next-Dutch  Bulbs. 

Jl  .„,mn  n(  Div   in  consequence  of  vhe  Lord  Mayor  s  Show. 

TX' f ESSR^; 'PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 

V  I  1  ,^  .,n.,rt,mre  that  their  usual  SALE  of  DUTCH 
ITX  beg  to  announce  ""  ..Qfjmy  NEXT  in  conse- 
BULB5w.ll  "'■'  ""^P^Jf.^  Show,  but  it  will  beheld  tne  fol- 
?„w,nyd°Iy  UESDAY:  Nov.n.ber  to,  at  half-past  n  o'Clocjt 
prTc°-.ly?  comprising  about  850  lots,  to  su  t  Urge  and  smaU 

''xhTlo'ts  will  be  on  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
may  be  had  i  n  ap^jlication.  

Tturfday  and  Saturday  Next. 
nlirCH   BULBS -GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS     PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
w^ll  hold  thair  SALES  of  DUTCH  BULBS  as  usual 
rn   THURSDAV  and    SATURDAY    NEXT     Novemter  I2 
J  ,?^.t  h,lf.oast   II   o'Clrclt   precisely  land  also    on  every 
..Vlin,   MONDAY     THURSDAY,    and    SATURDAY). 
;^„,^fwnf  about  S.O  hot  of  first-class  HYACINTHS,  1 ULI PS. 
rR('^CU.-^E3     NARC  SSUS,  and   other  ROOTS  from  Hol- 
^^d     also,  quanwy  of  Barr's  beautiful  hardy  DAFFODILS. 
'      On  view  roornin?  of  Sale,  and  Caia^og^s  had. 

Milford  Nurseries,  near  Godalmlng,  Surrey. 

ThrerQU-.rte,s  of  a  mile  from  M.lford,  and  one  mile  from  the 

^  New  God.alming  Station. 

TWO  DAYS'  SALE  of  FIRST-CLASS  NURSERY  STOCK, 


cnndil 


MFSSRs"pROTHEROE  and'  MORRIS 
are  insl^uct^d  by  Mr.  Mamice  Young  to  SELL  by 
alirnON  on  ihe  Prtmists,  The  Milford  Nurseries,  near 
gydalming''o„°TUESDA?  and  WEDNESDAY.  November  ,^ 
and  1 1  at  1 J  o'Cloclc  precisely  each  day.  several  acres  ol  beauti- 
fully erown  NURSERY  STOCK  comprising  2000  Specimen 
Border  Shrubs  in  great  variety  ;  Jooo  Aucubas,  5  to  4  feet  :  .>.ooo 
Snrnce  Firs  i  '<  to  3  f< et ;  3000  green  and  variegated  B ox,  i  }4 
to  2K  feet  ;'7oi' Yews,  4  to  6  feet  ;  4500  Deciduous  Trees.^ooo 
Sos^^a^^'of  sort's".  V'"  ;;rfeer-"'70o'cupre"us  S^oniana 
K  .0-0  SpirWa  callosi:  ,ao=  Pirus  ^'-""',4  '°  ^  f«t  : 
1400  Berberis,  i  to  2  feet  ;  10,000  Pinus  auslioaca,  q  to  0 
inches  ■  laoo  ditto.  2  to  3  feet  ;  8000  Laurels,  i^  to  ah  leet  , 
booo  Standard  Ornamenial  ;,nd  Forest  Trees  in  variety  ;  40.0 
Poplars  cf  sons.  3  to  6  feet  ;  1000  Currants  ;  1500  Roses  ;  hardy 
Heaths    Flowering  Shrubs,  Climbers,  and  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  prior  to  .he  Sale.  Catalogues  may 
be  had  on  the  Premises,  or  of  ihe  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67 
and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E  C^ ^ 

Wednesday  Next 
A  Consignment  of  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  FICUS. 
PALMS,  and  other  Decoral.ve  Plants  from  Belgium  , 
beautifully  grown  PALMS  and  FERNS  and  600  choice 
named  Standaid  ROSES  from  an  English  nursery  ;  GAR 
DENIAS  Dutch  FLOWtR  ROOTS  and  NARCISSUS 
in  variety;  LILIES  of  sons;  and  an  assortment  ot 
HARDY  PLANTS  and  BULB-.  ,,^r.nTC 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London  B.C..  on  WED- 
NESDAY   NEXT,  November    it,    at    halt-past    12    o Clock 

'"="''"'bn  view  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

^Sutton,  Surrey. 
TWO    DAYS'  SALE  of  VALUABLE  NURSERY  STOCK 

and    PLANTS,  the  Lea^e    of  the    Old   Nursery  in  Benhill 

Street  expiring  at  L^dy  Day  next 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  Potter  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Mid-Surrey  Nurseries. 
S„i  on  Siinevfai  ioinine  ihe  Rnlway  Station,  and  partly  also 
in  Benhill  Stieei)  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY. 
November  i.  and  12,  at  .2  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large 
assortment  of  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK  in  capital  con- 
dition for  lemoval,  cons-sting  of  3000  Roses  of  sorts,  specimen 
Tea  Roses  in  pots,  large  quanli.ies  of  line  Conifers  and  Etrer- 
ureens  in  great  variety  ;  20CO  Laurels  of  sorts  ;  Gooseberries, 
Currants  Poplars,  Limes,  Thorns,  Chestnuts  ;  other  Standard 
Ornamental  1  rees  in  quantity,  hardy  Climbers  m  pots;  150 
Camellias  and  Azaleas,  including  -everal  good  specmeiis  , 
Euchatis  amazonica;  large  Chrysanthemums  m  bloom;  and  a 
quamity  of  Sto  e  and  Greenb.use  Plant,  and  Ferns  in  variety. 

May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may 
be  had  at  tiihcr  of  ihe  Nurseries,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  il  and 
68.  Cheapside    London,  E  C. 

Friday  Next. 

UNRESERVED    SALE  of  a  CHOICE    COLLECTION  of 

ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  F.  Sewe  I.  Esq  (of 
Flower  House,  Sou  herd,  Catforrt).  in  consequence  of  his  jeav- 
ing  the  n.iil.bourhood,  to  SELL  by  AUC ITON^  at  their 
Central  Auction  Rooms.f7and  68  Cheapside,  E  Con  FRID.AY 
NEKT  November  13.  at  half-past  ta  oClock  precisely,  a 
collection  of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  comprising  some 
unusually  line  spfciraen  Coelogyne  tjistata,  choice  Cattleyas  m 
variety,  Dendrobium  Ainsworihii,  Wardianum.  aid  others  ; 
Cypnpedium  Druryii,  niveum,  and  others;  about  350  Odonto- 
Elossums  in  goid  healih.  consisting  chltfly  of  Alexand-x.  Pes- 
Jatorei,  Halli,  vexillavium,  citrosmum,  Londesboroughianum, 
and  n>i\xanthum  :  Oncidium  mactanihum.  Sophronites,  &c. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  SOLDa  fine  lot  of  ESTABLISHED 
and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  another  property. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  ha<L 


Leytonstone,  Essex.  E. 
Two  davs'   UNRESERVED  SALE    of   beautifully   grown 
days   ^uj^jEuY  STOCK  m  great  variety. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and  MORRIS 
will    SELL  by  AUCTION    the   above,   on     the    Pre- 
mises, The    Ameiican  and    Fillebrook  Nur.eries,  adjoining  the 
Railw'ay  Stati 
,2  and  13.  at. 
Full  particula 


THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  November 


•rs,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C  ,  and  Leylon' 

King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Com- 
pany (Limited)  (in  consequence  of  the  land  being  required  to 
ev./nd  the  cultivation  ol  Roses,  as  specialty  of  their  establish- 
ment) to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  extensive  Nurseries, 
K'k  Acre  near  Hereford,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNES- 
DAY Declmb.r  I  and  2,  several  Acres  of  first-ckss  NURSERY 
STOCK,  all  in  splendid  condition  for  removal. 
Further  particulars  will  appear. 

"     Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

MR  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  3S,  King  Street 
Covent  Garden  W.C  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
S  \TURUAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  (a.ms  m 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o  Clock. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application.  


Monday  Next.-(Sile  No.  701 1 ) 
2500  HEI.LEBOKUS  NIGER. 
,soo  LUVliF  THE  VALLEY  CROWNS. 
600LILIUM    CANDIDUM,   and   other   Plants  and    Bulbs 

MR  Tc'^STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great    Rooms.    38, 
Kine  Street  Covent  Garden,  oaMONDAY  NEXT,  November  9. 
^       On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had.    


Catford,  SE. 
CLEARANCE  SALE  of  PLANTS.  UTENSILS,  Eight  valu- 
able Alde.ney  COWS,  BULL,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  F.  Sewell.  Esq  (who  is  leaving  the 
neighbourhood),  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Flower  House,  Southend,  fatford,  about  a  mile  from  Lower 
Sydenham  Malion.  on  THURSDAY.  November  19,  at  12 
oClock  precisely,  ihe  whole  of  the  choice  collection  of  sTOVE 
an  1  GREEN  HOUSE  PLANTS,  handsome  Palms.  Tree,  Filmy 
and  other  Exotic  Ferns,  fine  Crotons  and  Dracamas.  Camellias, 
Azaleas  Stephanotis,  a  few  Orchids,  neatly  r.ew  span-roof 
GREENHOUSE,  capital  Gold  Medal  BOILER,  Hotwater 
PIPING  several  FRAMES.  2  LAWN  MOWERS.  80  Iron 
HURDLES  FENCING  and  GATES,  Oilcake  CRUSHER, 
PLOUGH  iron  Field  ROLLER,  nearly  new  Stack  CLOT  H, 
Park  PHAETON  by  Hooper,  Tumbril  CART.  Eight  pure- 
bred  Alderney  COWS,  and  a  valuable  Pedigree  Alderney 
BULL,  Irom  Fowler.  Southampton  ;  and  numerous  other  items. 
On  view  the  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on 
Ihe  Premises  (of  the  HEAD  GARDENER),  or  of  the  Auc- 
s  and  Valueis,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7013 ) 
CONSIGNMENT  of  CONIFERS  from  Germany. 

MR  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
S.\LE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Ro^ms,  38.  King 
Street  Covent  Garden.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY  NtXI. 
November  it  a  consigmeot  of  i.oo  RETINOSPORAS. 
THUIAS.    CUPRESSUS.    and     other     CONIFERS     from 

"°""  On  view  morr.ing  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Thursday  Next.-(5ale  No.  7014.) 
CATTLEYA  LABUTA.  AUTUMN    FLOWERING  VAR. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Ro.  ms.  38,  King 
Street  Covent  Garden,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  November 
12  bv'order  ol  Messr-.  W.  Thomson  sSt  Son.  of  Clovenfords,  a 
m«  plant  of  the  tme  autumn  -  flowering  CATTLEYA 
LABIATA,  with  flowers  in  sheath.      ,^      , 

On  vieA-  morning  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7014.) 
VALUABLE     IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden.  W.C  .  by  order  ol  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  November  12.  at  half-past  12  oClock  precisely, 
an  imponat.onof  CATTLEYA  AME  THYSTOGLOSSA  and 
C  ACKL.\NDl.lii,  in  the  finest  possible  condition;  also  a 
splendid  lit  of  C  MOSSI.-E  and  C.  SPECIOSISSIM A 
ERNESTl,  ODONTOGLObSUM  ROEZLII  and  O.  VEX- 
ILLARIUM.  autumn-flcwerine  varieties.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Cyprlpedlum  Sedenl  -Grand  Specimen. 

MR  I  C  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  on  THURSDAY,  November  ,9, 
the  finest  specimen  in  thi  coiralry  of  CYPRIPEDIUM 
SEDENI.  in  pot  2  feet  across,  with  3!  spikes  (some  branched), 
in  splendid  heilth. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR  I  C.  SThVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  S4LE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden  W  C  ,  on  THURSDAY.  November  19.  and  he  will 
be  glaii  if  Genllemen  desirous  of  entering  Plants  for  this 
Sale  will  please  send  particulars  for  Ca-alogiie  not  later  than 

Thursd.ay  n<  .xt^ , 

Streatham  Park  Nursery,  Mltcham  Road,  Streatham. 

SURREY,  s.w. 

SALE  of  SURPLUS  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PEED  AND  GREAVES  are 
favoured  wiih  instrudions  from  the  well-known  firm  of 
Messrs  J  P="d  &"o"s  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
on  TUESDAY.  November  10,  at  11  oClock  precisely,  the 
above  well-grown  surplus  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  tf 
500  Fiuit  Trees,  500  Standard  and  Dwarl  Rose',  5=0  forest 
Trees  and  Shrubs  (several  being  fine  specimens),  compiismg 
Planes  Limes,  Elms,  Birch.  Chestnut,  and  Poplars  ;  500  very 
choice  Thorns,  %■  o  mixed  Shrubs,  500  Laurels.  &c. 

Maybe  viewed  fourteen  days  prior  to  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had  at  the  Roupell  Park  Nurseiies,  Norwood  Road,  S.  W.  ;  on 
the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  Loughborough  Road, 
Brixton,  S.W. 


Thornton  Heath. 

In  a  prominent  position,  good  locality,  capital  opening  for  a 

beginner. 

WELL  ESTABLISHED  NURSERY,  acre 
of  Ground,  five  Greenhouses.     Lease  foity-two  years. 

""Te'rms'afd'par^icu'a^s^f  PROTHEROE  ANP  MORRIS. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C^ 


West  of  England  ,  „  „  „ 

r\LD  ESTABLISHED  SEED  BUSINESS 

yj  for  DISPOSAL  -Central  situation  in  an  im.p.:rtant  city 
wiih  extensive  connection  in  several  counties,  principally 
Flower  and  Agricultural.     Fxcellei  t  opening.  „„,„ 

Full  paiticulars  and  terms  of  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS. 
67  and  68,  Cheap.ide,  London,  E  C. 


Fifty  Nurseries.  Market  Gardens.  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  10  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtamed,  gratis,  at 
67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London.  E.C. 

To  Landed  Proprietors.  «so. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
.     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
ri5.  Lisiria  Park,  Sumford  Hill.  N. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT. 
LA.XDSCAPE  GARDENER  and  ROCK-  ARTIST. 

Has  carried  out  many  extensive  works  recently  for  Noblemen 
and  Gentlemen.  Can  refer  to  Messrs.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's. 
where  woik  can  be  seen.  Tu'a  formation.  Sandstone.  Natural 
Rockwoik  to  suit  any  locality. 

To  NurserymeiL 

THE  WESTON-SUPER-MARE  LOCAL 
BOARD  are  prepared  10  RECEIVE  TENDERS  for 
SUPPLYING  the  FOLLOWING  SHRUBS,  stc.  required 
for  the  PUnting  and  Laying-out  of  Clarence  Paik,  and  other 
Pleasure  Grounds,  on  the  sea  front  at  Weston-super-Mare, 
Somerset,  viz.,  SHRUBS  ;-Euonymus,  Double  Gorse,  Ligus- 
Irum,  Evergreen  Oak,  Tamarisk.  Escallonia.  Laurustinus, 
Weigelas,  Ribes.  Syinga.  Veronica.  FOREST  TREES  ;- 
Larch,  Scotch  Firs.  English  Elm,  Wych  Elm,  Oak,  Beech. 
C-jpper    Beech,   Birch.  Acacia,   Laburnum,    Chestnut,  Spanish 

Further  particulars  miy  be  obtained  from  Mr.  WILLACY, 
the  Town  Suiveyor.  Tenders,  endorsed  "  Clarence  Park,  &c.,' 
to  be  sent  to  me  on  or  before  November  10  inst. 

WILLIAM  SMITH.  Clerk. 

Town  Hall,  Wes-on-super-Mare.  November,  1885. 


WANTED,  to  RENT  or  BUY,  in  the 
North  of  England,  or  South  cf  Scotland,  a  SMALL 
NURSERY  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.-- C  H.  (,jr- 
diTters'  Ch,m,ul,  Ofliee.  4.,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

T6~BE  DISPOSED  OF,  with  Immediate 
Posse- sion,  a  genuine  SEED.  FLORIST,  .and  JOB- 
BINO  BUSINESS.  Nine  Plant-houses  a  moderate  quantity, 
of  Land,  and  an  Eight-roomed  Dwelling-house,  which  may  be 
had  (urnished. 

Situate  in  the  main  ihoroughtare  of  an  important  town,  20 
miles  from  London  (pipiilalion  20,c0  5). 

J    W.    Gardtnn-i    ChrotiicU  Oflice,  41.  Wellington  Street, 
-      ,d,  W  C. 


NURSERY,  8  miles  from  London,  Lease 
nineteen  years,  Rent  /ro  for  the  lot.  about  t  Acre  of 
Ground,  nice  double-fronted  Cottage,  recently  built  ;  price  for 
lease,  and  three  splendidly-built  Glass  Houses,  one  120  feet 
long,  one  r.o  feet,  and  one  too  feet,  with  six  rows  of  Pipe,  all 
nearly  new.  and  well  heated,    only   Isoo.  part  of  which  can 

ApplyrC.  H.  COWLES   Woodford,  Essex. 


Beccles  Burial  Board. 
TO    LANDSCAPE    GARDENERS. 

THE  BURIAL  BOARD  for  the  Parish  of 
Becaes  in  Suffolk,  invite  PLANS  and  ESI  IMATES  of 
theCOSTofLAYING-UUT,  FENCING,  and  PLANTING 
5  a  2  r.  20  p.  of  LA  N  D,  adjoini-  g  the  present  Parish  Cemetery, 
and  intended  to  be  added  thereto.  The  Plan  must  be  on  a  scale 
not  less  than  the  largest  scale  of  the  Ordnance  Survey,  and 
must  be  sent,  together  with  the  Estimate,  to  the  Cltrk  of  the 
Board,  at  his  Oflice  at  Beccles,  not  later  ihan  December  25  next. 

The  Board  will  pay  for  the  Plan  which  in  their  opinion  is  the 
best,  and  is  prop.r  and  suitable  to  be  adopted  ihe  sunt  of 
.£.0  101..  and  for  the  next  best  Plan  the  sum  of  li  is  ,  both 
Plans  being  the  properly  of  the  Board. 

The  new  ground  is  to  le  divided,  as  nearly  as  practicable 
into  two  equal  portions— of  which  one  is  intended  to  be  conse- 
cated  accoiding  to  the  rites  of  the  Chuich  of  England,  and  the 
division  between  the  consecrated  and  unconst  crated  portions  is  to 
run  Irom  norih  to  south.  Further  inf  rmatioD  may  be  obuined 
en  appl  cation  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Board. 


F.  S.  RIX,  Cleik. 


Beccles.  October  29. 


QEAKALE,   for    Forcing,   superior    selected 

O     Crowns.     Price  on  arplication,  and  samples  foi  warded  if 
"^ALFRED    ATWOOD,   Market  Gardener,    sti   Shillington 


S.W 


w 


HINHAM'S  INDUSTRY  GOOSE- 

BERRY, from  the  original  Stock,    held  by    the    Sub- 
scriber.    Quantity  very  limited.     Price  on  application  to 
THOMAS    MATHESON,  Nurseryman,  Morpeth. 

FOR    SALeT^wo    Large    SHADDOCKS, 
suitable  lor  Conservatory,  in  SLite  Tubs.     No  reasonable 
cfl'er  refused.         J.  G.,  Bayfordbury,  Hertford. 


G 


OOD       BRIER      STOCKS 

for  Sale.     App'y 
THOMAS  RISPIN,  Whitwe  1.  Catterick,  Yorkshire. 

I"SAAC  DAVIES  and  SON  are  still  offering 
Surplus  Stock  at  the  Reduced  Prices,  as  advertised 
October  2  and  24,  viz..  AZALEA  MOLLIS  Seedlings,  and 
AZALEt  PONT  CA  for  Forcing;  RHODODENDRONS 
of  ail  descr  prions.  ANDROMEDA  FLORIBUNDA, 
HOLLIES  SKIMMIAS.  LILIUM  AURATUM.  &c. 
Descriptive  PRICED  LIST  on  application. 
Ormskirk,  Lancashire. 


VANDER  SWAELMEN,  begs  to  offer,  per 

.  ,00 --DRAC/BNA  TERM  INALIS,  nice  and  clean.  90J., 
„nt  •  AZALEA  INDICA,  fine  b-jdded  variety,  tool.  ; 
FI(-US  ELASTICA.  fine.  6or.  ;  ASPIDISTRA.  Green,  looj., 
,2rJ-     RHODODENDRON      FRAGRANTISSIMA,      the 

E"£lr  .T^Ar^W  c^r'^i^'^^taYaS^h^^ 

PHpFrnXlckan  store  p-ts,  50s  :  PHtENlX  RECLI- 
N'A?A  store  pot"  41  ;  MAR.VgaGIPA  COFFEE  PLANTS, 
in  sing  e  po  s,_i^2o  .^,^^  fjursery.  Ghent,  Btlgium. ^ 

^      bODWELL'S      GRAND      CARNA- 

TIONS.  the  finest  grown.  2000  Plants,  including 
c  ..ti;„»s  nf  ibis  autumn  to  be  So  d  for  the  benefit  cf  the  Prize 
l^nd     of    tiieUNToN     CARNATION     and    PICOTEE 

^'^''smcial'terms  to  the  Trade.     Particulars  on  application. 

Address-HEAD  GARDENER.  The  Cottage,  Stanley 
Road,  Oxford. 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


579 


TURNER  MEMORIAL  PRIZES 

AT  A  MEETING  held  in  the  Conservatory 
of  the  ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
SoMlh  Kensington,  August  ii,  1885  Shirley  H.bberd.  Ei,]  , 
ia  the  Chair,  a  resolution,  moved  by  the  Chairman  and  seconded 
by  Dr.  Mastees,  F.R.S.,  was  unanimously  adopted  to  the 
following  effect  : — 

"  This   Meeting  is  of  opinion  that  the  eminent  services  to 
Floriculture  of  the  late    Mr.  Charles  Turnbr,    of 
Slough,  should  be  ccmmemorated  by  means  of  Special 
Prizes  for   Florists'  Flowers.   Fruits.  &c.  ;  and  hereby 
resolves  to  promote  the  raising  of  a  Fund,  the  interest 
of  which  shall  be  applied  to  carry  into  effect   the  said 
prires.  which  shall  beemitled  TURNER  MEMORIAL 
PRIZES  ;  the   Fund,  and  all  its  incomings  and  out. 
goings,  to  be  administered  by  a  body  of  trustees  or 
governors  to  be  hereafter  appointed.  ' 
It  was  further  resolved  that    H.   M.   PoLLHTT,    Esq.,    of 
Feroside,  Bickley,  Kent,  be  the    Honorary  Treasurer, 
and    Mr.    James    Douglas,    The    Gardens,    Great 
Gearies,  Ilford,  Honorary  Secretary. 
The  importance  of  the  present  movement  will  be  fully  felt  and 
understood  by  Hoiticultuiists  of  all  grades  and  tastes,  for  in 
every    department   and    by   men    of    all    parties  the   name   of 
Charles  Turner  has  been  held  in  honour,  both  because  of  the 
high  character  and  gentle  manners  of  the  man,  and  his  earnest 
work  as  a  practical  and  ever  advancing  Florist  during  a  success- 
ful career  of  over  fifty  years.      It  is  no  part  of  the  business  now 
in  hand  to  pronounce  any  eulogy,  the  object  of  this  circular  is 
to  make  a  direct  appeal  to  the  horiicullutal  public  for  the  means 
of  establishing   the   proposed    TURNER    FUND.     The  pro- 
moters feel  that  the  cause  carries  with  it  all  the  persuasions 
netdful  to  success,  and  they  urge  upon  all  sympathisers  with  its 
objects,  the  need  of  prompt  attention  in  collecting  subscriptions 
and  forwarding  them  to  the  Honorary  Treasurer  without  delay. 
Copies  of  this  circular  will  be  supplied  wherever  needed,  and 
Gardeners  are  requested  to  bring  it  under  the  notice  of  their 
employers,  the  object  being  to  make  a  formal  and  impressive 
public  record  of  appreciative  and  affectionate  regard  for  the 
memory  of  the  most  distinguished  Horticulturist  and  Florist  of 
the  nineteenth  century. 

The  SUBSCRIPTION  LIST  will  CLOSE  at  the  END  OF 
DECEMBER,  any  person  wishing  to  contribute  will  kindly 
forward  the  amount  to  the  Treasurer  as  soon  as  convenient  ; 
Head  and  Under  Gardeners  are  earnestly  solicited  to  subscribe. 


I)OYAL   HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
t  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NOTICE  !  — COMMITTEE     MEETINGS,      Fruit     and 
Floral    at   ri  A  M  ,  in  the   Conservatory;    SCIENTIFIC,  at 
I    P.M..   in  the   Lmdley    Library,    on    TUESDAY     NEXT, 
November  10. 
N.B.— Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

South  Kensington,  S.W. 
The  President  and  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
invite  all  who  are  interested  in  the  advancement  of  Horticulture 
and  allied  subjects,  to  meet  them  in  the  Music  Room  of  the  In- 
ventions Exhibition  on  NOVE M BER  10,  at  12.30  p  m  ,  to  confer 
with  them  on  the  subject  of  holding  an  INTERNATIONAL 
HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION  in  London  in  1887. 
Admission  by  Principal  Enirance,  Exhibition  Road. 

I  N  GS  T  O  N     and     S  U  R  B  I  T  O  N 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  NINTH  ANNUAL  E.XHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  10  and  it,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes  the  CHAMPION  CHALLENGE  VASE,  value 
TWENTY-FIVE  GUINEAS,  will  be  offered.     Schedules  ard 


further  infori 


lof 


Fife  Road.  Kingston-on-Tha 


T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sei 


NATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster.  S.W. 
GRAND  EXHIBITION,  NOVEMBER  n  and  iz. 
Schedules  (f.ee)  on  application. 
Notice.  — Floral  Committee  Meetings  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
on   November   11.   25:     December  9;    at    2.30P.M.,  precisely. 
(Regulations  see  Schedule.)  WILLIAM  HOLMES. 

Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  London,  E. 

Nation.al  Chrysanthemum  Catalogue,  f>d.  each. 

ROYAL    BOTANICAL   and    HORTICUL- 
TURAL  SOCIETY  of  MANCHESTER, 
The  GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 
APPLES.    PEARS,    and    other    FRUITS,    will    open    in    St. 
James's  Hall,  Manchester,  on  TUESDAY,  November  17.     For 
Schedules,  apply  to  the  undersigned.     gRuCE  FINDLAY. 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Manchester. 

EOVIL     CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW 

will  be  held  in  the  Town  Hall  and  Corn  Exchange, 
Yeovil,  tn  TUESDAY,  November  17.  The  Prizes  include  a 
SILVER  CUP  value  C-i  (or  cash  if  preferred)  for  Twenty-four 
Blooms.  Twelve  Incurvedand  Twelve  Japanese,  distinct  varielies: 
Two  SILVER  MEDALS,  and  Two  Certificates  of  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  Society ;  and  more  than  Filtv  other  Prizes. 
Numerous  Prizes  are  also  offeied  for  Table  Plants,  Grapes, 
Pears,  Apples,  Tomatos.  Mushrooms,  &c. 

Schedules  and  Entry  Forms  can  be  obtained  on  application  to 
C.  TITE,  Hon.  Sec  ,  Fairview,  Yeovil. 

Important  to  E.xhhutors.— As  the  Bristol  Show  is  to  be 
held  on  Wednesday,  November  18.  and  the  Taunton  Show 
on  Thursday,  rgth.  Exhibitors  will  be  able  to  attend  all  three. 

INCOLN     CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 

The  THIRD  EXHIBITION  will  take  place  in  the  Corn 

Exchange,    Lincoln,    on    NOVEMBER    17   and    18.     Entries 

Close  on  November  10.     Allcomers  Prizes  for  Cut  Blooms,  &c., 

of  Xio,  i.i,  &c.     For  Schedules  and  extra  Prize  Lists  apply  to 

Dr.  G.  M.  LOWE. 

Mr.  C.  W.  PENNELL. 


Hon.  Sees. 


TWICKENHAM  HORTICULTURAL 

and  COTTAGE  GARDEN  SOCIETY. 
The     AUTUMN     EXHIBITION    of    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUMS, &c,,  will  be  held  in  the  Town  Hall.  Twickenham,  on 
TUESDAY    and    WEDNESDAY,     November     17     and     18. 
Schedules  and  all  particulars  of  j^^  ^  AUFREY  Hon   Sec, 
Cedar  Villa,  St.  Margaret's,  Twickenham. 


;  Dock,  Hull. 


R.  SLEIGH,  Secretary. 


HULL  and  EAST  RIDING 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  SECOND  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will 
be  held  in  the  Artillery  Barracks.  Hull,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY.  November  19  and  20,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of 
ONE  HUNDRED  and  THIRTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered 
for  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone,  including  a  ist  prize  of 
{,\o  for  Forty-eight  Blooms,  coupled  with  the  Challenge  Vase, 
value  £,^1  15J.  ;  2d  prize,  .£8  ;  3d  prize,  C^  ;  4th  prize,  ^2. 

Entries  Close  November  12.  Schedules  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Hon.  Sees.. 

R.   FALCONER  JAMESON,  )„ 

WM.   HAWKS  WORTH,  j^'^       

E  R  B  Y       CH  RYSANTHEMUM 

SHOW. 
SATURDAY  and  MONDAY,  November  21  and  13. 
Enlries  Close,  November  16. 
Schedules  and  Entry  Forms  from 

63.  Alexandra  Street.  Derby. 

ThI;  chorley  chrysanthemum 
SOCIBiTY  will  hold  their  SECOND  ANNUAL 
EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  PLANTS.  CUT 
BLOOMS,  FRUITS,  &c.,  November  20  and  2r.  FIFTEEN 
POUNDS  offered  in  Open  Clrss.  Prizes  of  Zl,  £z.  and  C^  for 
Cut  Blooms,  and  other  equally  valuable  prizes.  Schedules  from 
THOS.  S.  KITSON,  Hon.  Sec. 
5.  Fellery  Street,  Chorley. 

IVERPOOL       HORTICULTURAL 

ASSOCIATION. 
The  SIXTH  GRAND  EXHIBlTIONof  CHRYSANTHE- 
-MUMS,  FRUIT,  &c..  will  be  held  in  St.  George's  Hall. 
Liverpool,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November  24 
and  25.  TWO  HUNDRED  POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  A  TEN 
GUINEA  SILVER  VASE,  given  by  J.  Williams  .%  Co.. 
Manure  Manufacturers.  62,  Mount  Pleasant,  Liverpool,  for 
Thirty-six  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums.  Entries  Close  Tuesday, 
November  17.     For  Schedules  apply  to 

Huyton,  Liverpool.  EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secreary. 

ROYAL  CALEDONIAN 

HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

APPLE  and  PEAR  CONGRESS.-To  be  held  in  the 
Waverley  Maiket.  Edinburgh,  on  NOVEMBER  25  and  26, 
iS,S5.  and  following  days. 

The  Council  of  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society 
intend  to  hold  a  SPECIAL  EXHIBITION  and  CONFER- 
ENCE on  APPLES  and  PEARS,  in  connection  with  the 
SOCIETY'S  NEW  WINTER  or  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SHOW,  on  November  25  .and  26,  1885 

'To  assist  them  in  making  the  E.xhibition  and  Conference  a 
complete  success,  the  Council  respectfully  solicits  the  hearty  co- 
operation of  all  Fruit  Growers. 

Those  who  desire  to  contribute  Fruit  for  Examination  and  In- 
formation, or  otherwise  to  help  the  objects  in  view,  will  receive 
gratis  on  application  to  the  Assistant  Secretary,  Mr. 
WILLIAM  YOUNG.  18.  Waverley  Market.  Edinburgh,  the 
Official  Circulars  and  Forms,  and  all  other  particulars. 

JOHN  STEWART,  Hon  Sec. 
Edinburgh.  October  i,  1885. 

To  Nurserymen. 

WANTED,  LOWEST  PRICE  for  Fifty 
good  Norway  SPRUCE,  and  Fifty  Evergreen  OAKS, 
grown  on  heavy  soil,  all  s  to  6  feet  high.  Must  be  delivered 
free  to  Muswell  Hill  Statijn.  G.N.R. 

Address  F.  M.,  36,  New  Broad  Street,  City.  E.G. 

FOR  SALE,  Nine  large  Specimens  of  STE- 
PHANOTIS,      true      Elv.iston      variety;     also     grand 
Specimen    ALLAMANDAS,   CLE RODENDRONS,    BOU- 
GAINVILLEAS.  &c  ,  cheap.      For  size  and  price  apply, 
W.  JACKSON,  Blakedoun,  near  Kidderminster. 

H^YBRTd^RHODOUENDRONS.  —  Fine 
Plants.  i}i  to  2'i  feet,  all  colours,  mixed,  some  in  bud, 
40s.  per  ico.-W.  JACKSON.  Blakcdown,  near  Kidderminster. 

FOR  SALE,  Two  very  h.indsome  ARAUCA- 
RIA  EXCELSA  :  height  15  feet,  well  proportioned,  and 
handsomely  furnisned  with  foliage.  Suiiable  for  Conservatory 
or  decorative  purposes.  Price  and  further  particulars  apply  to 
HENRY  BROWNE,  Supi.,  Dartmoulh  Park,  West  Bromwich. 

E      W  A      P  ^^      L      E      sT 

TYLER'S  KERNEL.-First-class  Certificate  at  the 
Apple  Congress,  Chiswick,  1883.  Large,  conical,  greenish- 
yellow,  flushed  with  deep  red,  firm,  acid,  mid-season,  first 
quality  ;  one  of  the  most  handsome  Apples  yet  introducetl. 
Dwarf  Maiden  trees,  sr.  each  :  a  few  z.year-old,  7J.  dd.  each. 

HEREFORDSHIRE  BEEFING. -A  valuable  late  keep- 
ing Apple,  very  handsome  ;  colour,  deep  red  all  over  ;  flesli, 
white,  very  firm,  crisp  and  juicy  ;  will  keep  good  until  June  ; 
excellent  lor  dessert  or  culinaiy  purposes.  Dwarf  Maiden  trees, 
2S.    6,/.    each;    dwarf  2-year.old    trees,  tid.   each;    a   few 

Standards,  St.  each.     Usual  allowance  to         Trade. 

CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  ani>  5E  CO.  (Limited), 
King's  Acre,  Hereford. 

H    R  I   S  T   .M    A   S        ROSES 

CHRISTMAS    ROSES. 
HELLEBORUS    NIGER    ANGUSTIFOLIUS,    "Brock- 
hurst  "  variety,  pure  white,  very  .ree.  good  gro*er,  grand  for 
Forcing    and  the  best   o,    all    the   Christmas    Roses.       Strong 
clumps,  ij.  63  ,  2i.,  and  2j.  t>,t.  each  ;   i8r.,  24J.,  and  30J.  per 


TO  be  S(JLD,  chtiap,  several  thousand  strong 
clumps  o     PRINCE    ALBERT    RHUBARB    (true) 
Apply,  stating  price    i\en,  to 
Mr.  C.  WOODHAMS,  The  Cottage,  Earlsfield,  Wandsworth. 

Giants,  Kings,  Que  ns  and  Emperors. 

THE    MONSTERS    among    DAFFODILS. 
*'  Extraordinary  fine  specimens  from  Ireland.      Veritable 
Giants."— Vide  Gctrdeturs  Chronicle.  April  25.  1885. 

Six  big  weighty  Bulbs  for  present  planting,  post-free,  nx. 
Two  of  each,  171.  6rf.— viz.,  Horsfield's  King.  Backhouse's 
Emperor  and  Empress,  Pickstone's  Big  Welshman  Trumpet 
Maximus,and  Hartland'sGolden  Dragon.  Theabove,  withacopy 
of  '■  Harlland's  Original  Little  Book  for  1885."  post-free,  with 
orders  above  loj.  6J.—  Vf.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Special 
Daffodil  Grower,  Seed  Warehouse,  24.  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


JJIIB     COMMITTEE 

beg  to   GIVE  NOTICE  that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  SIREET, 

"WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it  is  respectfully  requested  that  on  and 
after  the  li,th  inst.  all  communications  may 
be  addressed  there. — By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  3,  1S85. 

NEW   EUCHARIS.  — A  First-class  Certifi- 
cate was  awarded  on  Tuesday  the  13th  Oct..  to  the  new 
EUCHARIS   MASTERSII.   by  the  Floral  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horlicultural  Society.     Price  5J.  each,  2  guineas  per  doz. 
WILLIAM     BULL.    F.L.S..    Establishment    for    New  tluj 
Rate  Plants,  536.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S  W. 

E.X-reA(DR  DIN  AR  Y  BARGAIN.  —  150 
HERBACEOUS  and  BORDER  PLANTS  for  15.1.  (u/., 
package  free  and  carriage  paid,  including  finest  Pentsttmons, 
Phloxes,  Campanulas,  Pyrethnims,  Veronicas,  Saxifraga  , 
Delphiniums,  Achillea,  Matricaria,  perennial  Sunflowers,  Cai- 
nations,  Chel^nes,  &c. ;  hall  8j.  6i.,  carriage  paid.  Cheapest 
lot  ever  offered. 

HARKNESS  AND  SONS,  Nurserymen,  Bedale,  Yorkshire. 


correspondent 

'ain  "  for  the  above 
but  nowhere  so 


PINUS     ARISTATA.— "A 
who  has  tried  the  nursery  trade  ii 
Pine,  may  surely  find    it  in  mai 
cheap  and  so  gocd  as  with 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen,  who  can  give  fine 
healthy  plants.  6  to  g  inches,  at  is.  ;  9  to  12  inches,  at  is.  6d, ; 
and  3  to  4  fett,  at  ys.  td.  each. 

A  LIST  of  all  hardy  Pines  sent  free  on  application. 

r     VANDER   SWAELMEN   begs   to  offe7, 

O  •  per  too  :-HELLEBORUS,  eight  sorts,  401.;  HE- 
PATICA  ANGULOSA,  clumps.  405.  ;  TROP.EOLUM 
PENTAPHVLLUM,  strong  tubers,  6or.  :  SPIR/EA  JA- 
PONICA,  strong,  101.,  121.;  S.  PALMATA,  strong,  20s.; 
DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  bushy,  i2r.,  141.;  ANtMONE 
NEM.  BRACTFATA  ALBA-PLENA,  8s.  ;  CARNATION, 
SOUVENIR  DE  LA  MALMAISON,  321.  per  roo ;  do., 
red-flowered  variety,  lias.  :  AZALEA,  hardy  Ghent,  finest 
budded,  mixture,  40J.  ;  MAGNOLIA  SOULANGEANA, 
strong,  I20J.  ;  Purple  HAZEL,  strong,  24s.  ;  Tree 
P/EoNIES,  four  to  six  of  the  grandest  varieties,  3r.  each  ; 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  sttong  flowering  Crowns,  261. 
per  loco  ;  do..  Pips  for  planting,  5t.  per  1000. 

The  Lily  Nur,ery,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Vlne3— Vines— 'Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stockof  GRAPE  VINES;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Planting  Canes,  55.  and 
■js  6./.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  los.  dd  each. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address  —  "COWAN,    LIVERPOOL"' 

EACHEY'S    SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 

collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6s.  per  dozen  plants,  12J.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac:  NewVork,  beau'.rul  Double  Violet  with  red 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chalenay,  Djuble  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  3J.  tid.  pef  dozen  plants,  ^s.  6d. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  ihirty  varielies  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cultivation,    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and    PRIM- 
ROSES, i]4d..  Iree. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,   Fluder,  Kingskerswell.  Devonshire. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  fl  wers  of  which  become  to  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  .-hade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  izr.  to  24^,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  no7n  be  knocked 
out  of  pols  «nd  sent  by  parcel  post.  — RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  C(3  ^  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants.  Worcester. 

PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
o  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  the  Wallham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.    Priced  CATALOGUES 


WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  WaUham  Cross. 


New  Clirysantliemiuns. 

ROWEN  is  offering  strong  flowering  plants 
•  (DELAUX)  vaiieties  for  1886  zij.  per  dozen;  Cuttings, 
rooted,  los.  6d.  per  dozen;  twelve  varielies  tor  1835;  Gieea 
Tlants,  lor  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Rooted  Cuttings,  7s.  6d.  ;  Cuttings, 
5r.  Best  Exhibitijn  and  Decorative  s^rts— Cuttings,  if.  6^.  per 
dozen,  two  dozen,  at.  6d.  Catalogue  Cid..  free  to  purchasers. 
The  Floral  Nurseries,  Maidenhead. 

ROSES,  from  the  North.— All  package  free 
and  carriage  paid.  Magnificent  Plants  of  the  finest 
varieties.  All  home-grown,  will  transplant  better,  yield  finer 
blooms,  and  give  a  greater  quantity  of  bloom  than  Roses 
supplied  frcm  a  warmer  climate.  Twelve  splendid  Plants,  71.  ; 
twenty-five,  131.  6d.  ;  fifty,  26s.  ;  100.  50s.  ;  carriage  paid. 
Purchaser's  selection.  CATALOGUES  free.  Gold  and  SUver 
Medals.  Silver  Cup.  and  other  valuable  Plate,  wilh  many  First 
trded  to  us  this  season.     Satisfaction  guaranteed  or 


ney  r 


irned. 


58o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  1885. 


CHOICE    IMPORTED 
DUTCH   BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  2is.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6.f.  dd.  to  £i,  i,s. 

ROSES,  9^.  per  dozen.       A  big  stock  and 
fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  dr-c.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

~^    U  .L     B     S. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application.  

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER.  _ 

FOREST  TREES 

One  of  the  largest  stocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 

unsurpassed  ;  prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;    roots  abundant. 


Catalog!' 


nd  all  ittjcrmatior.   on  appUcation 


LITTLE  &BALLANTYNE, 

Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

CARLISLE. 

CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pric«  6j.  per  bushel 
(ij,  ejtua  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signatiu-e  attached. 
VVM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited).  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Hlghgate  Nurseries.  N. 


•  iDlbllst.iblialitt). 


ORNAMENTAL   TREES, 

jfnitt  Ci'CC0, 

Evergreens  i  Cover  Plants, 

IRoecs, 

An  DALE  OTHER  Trees  1  Plants  I 
SPLENDID   QUALITY. 

Pronounced  by  ncryoiie  "UniquaUed^ 

Nurseries   200   Acres. 

lfr,!t/or  caitior""- 


I  jtUli;iblcaHu-.n;3.  Address  in  full — 

3  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN.  | 

Cbcstcr. 


An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &o. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

I  rHEAO.QONS 

UbM    Crawley,        W  Sussex. 

POTATO, 

For  Present  Planting,  in  Frames  and  Pots. 


^^ed/f^T^^^^^ 


f8d.  per  Pound  (7  U'    ' 

Victor  is  the  perfection  of  Pot.itos  for  fr.in)e  ciilliv,ition, 

New  Potatosfil  for  use  having  been  produeed  by  it 

in  six  weeks  from  date  0/ planting. 


CHARLES    SHARPE    &    CO., 

SEED        MERCHANTS, 

SLEAFORD. 

YTT  rIsTi  p  s 

CABBAGE. 

We  are  in  3  position  to  make  very  low  prices  for  the  above, 
.-,  I  grown  from  our  own  select  stocks. 

HOWCROFT    &    WATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seedsmen, 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN.  LONDON.  VV.C. 


JERSEY    PEARS- FINEST    AND    BEST 

.AT    THE    CHISWICK    CONFERENCE. 
"Wonderlully  fine  collection."— Car./^«.  ,  ..P'^' 

"  Exceed  any  shown  by  English  growers.   —Gardeners  Lhron- 
"  Large  in  sije,  superb  in  fia\-!t^" —Gardeners  Magazine. 
"  The  lioos  of  the  show."— Gari/i-«. 

"  The  finest  coloured  and  \xst.ta..'— Gardeners  Chrnitclt. 
"  Wonderfully  grand  display."— Z'.kV)'  Chronicle. 
"  Everybody  enijuires  for  the  Jersey  Pears  "^C.irjen. 
"Jersey  carries  the  Palm  "-fti.,;V..-;,i<r  U'crl.i. 
*'  Not  a  bad  di  h  among  them    —<   if  i^n 


-JOSHUA 


pCADC APPLES.  PLUMS,  &c.,  18s.  per  dozen. 

rLnnO        EspaJier  trained,  24^.  per  dozen. 

Rfiorc Magnificent  Bushes,  91.  per  dozen. 

nuOLO       Standards,  suong,  15s.  per  dozen. 


ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

BUSHES,    H.P.,  Si.   per  dozen,  f">s.\p^)^i„g  ^^  Carriage 
per  100.  \  FREE 

STANDARDS,  H.P.,  151.  per  dozen,  f  (^^  q^j^Jj  „;ih  Order. 
■  osr.  per  100.  > 

CLE  M.^TIS  (80,000),  I2S.  to  Z41.  per  dozen. 

ROSES,  in  Pots  (80,000),  15s.  to  361.  per  dozen. 

FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 

VINES  (6000),  3J.  bd.  to  IM.  id. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 

STRAWBERRIES.  4s.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  151.  <o  251-  P"  "o*- 

ASPARAGUS,  2S.  id.  per  100  ;  Foicing,  12!.  id.  per  100. 

SEAKALE,  strong  Forcing,  i6r.  per  too.  .„„„,,e 

EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS,    ORNAMENTAL  TRELb 
(,i  Acrees). 

FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  8j.  per  dozen. 

FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS,  UNDERWOOD,  &c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  (Juallty. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 

CALCEOLARIAS,   PRIMULAS, 

CYCLAMEN,  and  CINERAKIAS. 

We  simply  wish  to  say  that  we  have  many 
thousands  of  lovely  little  Plants,  and  of  the  best 
strain  in  the  World.  i.y.6(/.  per  doz.,  loj.perioo, 
post-free.    In  small  pots,  is.iid.  doz.,  iSj-.per  loo. 

R.   I.  JOHNSON,  Esq  ,  3,   WaUon  Street,  Cr/nrd. 

September  21,    1885. 

"At  our  Show,  June  16,  I  gained  First  Prize  for  Calceolarias. 

I  am  therefore  anxious  to  secure  that  position  next  year.     Send 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


T*e;+tonf.i»ftf'-«£R 


BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

very  strong  blooming,  at  low  prices.      Also 

CYCLAMEN  SEEDS, 

largest  flowering.     Offered  by 
JOSEPH  KLAR,   BERLIK,  C.  LURIENSTRASSE  199. 

CHIONODOXA  LUClLIyE  (The  Glory  of 
the  Snow).— A  charming  rich  blue,  with  white  eye. 
Most  effective  in  masses  for  early  spring  bloommg. 

ANEMONE    FULGENS.— Dazzling  scarlet, 

blooming  from  February  to  May. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA.— Early  white 

flowers— from  the  Cape.     Very  sweet-scented. 

FREESIA    LEICHTLINI. —  Similar  to  the 

former  but  primrose  colour. 
Extra  fine  bulbs  of  the  above.     See  our  Who'eiale  CATA- 
LOGUE  of  all  varieties  of  FLOWERING  BULBS,  free  on 
applicatton.     ^^^^^j^g     ^     SIMPSON, 
SEED  AND  BULB    MERCHANT.':, 

EXETER  STREET.  STRAND,  W.C. 
Special  oflfers  for  large  quantities. 


SPECIALLY  SELECTED 

^ROOTSi  BULBS 

FOR     E.-iRLY    FOKCISG. 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Extra  Strong  Clumps - 

LILY  OF  THE   VALLEY,    SPIB^A   JAPONICA  and 

PALMATA.  DIELYTRA  SPECTABILI3, 

BELLEBORUS  NIGER 

Single  Crowns  (German)  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY. 

AMARYLLIS,  seedlings  and  named 

varieties. 
FREE5IA  REFRACTA  ALBA. 
GLADIOLUS  BRENCHLEYENSB. 
GLADIOLUS  COLVILLEI  ALBA. 
GLADIOLUS  COLVILLEI  THE  BRIDE. 
LILIUM  AURATUM. 
LILIUMS  In  variety. 
TUBEROSES.  AFillCAN. 

For    Prioes   and   pirtiiulars,     see    Illusttated    BULB 
CA  r.4  L OC UE.  post.free  an  application. 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOW.W,    LONDON.  N. 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


581 


HOOPER'S 
TREE    CARNATIONS. 

PRIZES  AT  ALL    THE  SHOWS. 


Plants  In  Bud  or  Bloom. 


ALL£GATIERE,  scarlet  162636 

BOISY,  sulphur-yellow .62636 

C.  A.  HOOPER,  canary-yellow  edged  carmine    26    36    50 

HERMINK,  white  16    26    36 

JEAN  SISLEY,  salmon  and  red  ..         ..162636 

IMRA,  rose is.  «</.  2  6    3  6    s  o 

LE  TRIOMPHE  DE   LYON,  pure  vermilion    a  6    36    50 
MDLLE.  CARLE,  the  best  white        .  ..263650 

PEQUET,  lale  rose  II.  6<i  2  6     3  6     5  o 

ZOUAVE,  rose,  striped  red  2636=10 

CHATEAUBRIAND,  bright  rose        2636 

MISS  JOLIFFE,  soft  rose  162636 

Twelve  varieties  of  flowering  plants,  our  selection,  741.,  30J., 

and  4ai.,  accordin?  to  size 

Small  Plants,  in  6o's,  i2i.  per  dozen. 

Hooper  &  Co. ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


jfOREST,  ]f  RUIT 


ii    ALL    OTHER 


•g^REES  &  iplLANTS. 


.oS«|,B«o««t^'^^^,. 


Desciiptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


CO/^ffSC/i/C£ 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 

HUGH^LOW  &   CO. 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  91,121,  181.,  211.  per  dozen  ; 
AZALEi^  INDICA  ALE.A,  181.  per  dozen;  AZALEA  IN- 
DICA,  in  variety  i8j,,  24J.,  3ot.,  6oi.,  per  dozen;  AZALEA, 
Fielder's  White,  i8j.,  24s..  per  dozen  :  ACACIA  ARMATA. 
IM.,  iSj.,  per  dozen  ;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  iSj.,  241., 
per  dozen  ;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  421.  per  dozen  ; 
BOUVARDIAS.  in  flower  and  bud.  in  variety.  151.,  i8j.,  per 
dozen  ;  CAMELLIAS,  in  bud,  24^.,  30J.,  60s.,  per  dozen  ;  CAR- 
NATION. Tree,  i8s  . 24J., perdozen  ;  CHOISYATERNATA, 
spring  flowering  White  Hawthorn,  scented,  9J.,  12s.,  per  dozen  ■ 
CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  ijs.,  181.,  per  dozen  ;  CYCLAMEN, 
persicum  and  giganteum,  Iis.,i8s.,  30s.,  per  dozen  ;CORyPHA 
AUSTRALIS.  12J.,  18s.,  per  dozen:  CROTONS,  iSj..  24J., 
per  dozen  ;  DRACA;NA  CONGESTA,  i8s.  per  dozen  ; 
DRAC-HNA  RUBRA,  181.  per  dozen;  DRAC^NA  INDI- 
VISA.  24s.  per  dozen  ;  DRAC/ENA  TERMINALIS.  411 
perdozen;  DRAC/ENA,  in  variety,  18s,  30s.,  per  dozen; 
ERICA  GRACILIS,  rzi.,  181.,  per  dozen  ;  ERICA  CAF- 
FRA,  .21,  i8j.,  3os.,perdo.en;  ERICA  COLORANS,  121., 
i3j.,  per  dozen;  ERICA  HYKMALIS.  12J.,  181..  241,  per 
dozen  ;  ERICA  MELANTHERA,  izj.,  i8s.,  301.,  per  dozen  ■ 
ERICAS,  in  variety,  .21  ,  .8r.,  per  dozen  :  ERICAS,  hard- 
wooded,  izi.,  181  ,  42s..  601.,  per  dozen  ;  EPACRIS,  01.,  I2j., 
.81..  per  dozen  ;  FICUS  ELASTICUS,  30s.  per  dozen  ; 
FERNS,  in  variety,  in  48's,  gt.,  12X  ,  i8r  ,  per  dozen; 
GENISTAS,  I2J.,  i8j.,  per  dozen  ;  GARDENIA  RADI- 
CANS,  12J.,  i6j,,  per  dozen  ;  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA, 
grand,  301  ,  42s.,  60s.,  per  dozen;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS, 
I2S.  per  dozen;  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  fifty  vaiietie>, 
IM.,  24!.,  per  dozen  ;GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA.  ot  ,  121,  i8j., 
perdozen;  JASMINUM  GRAND]  FLORUM,  well  budded, 
18s.,  211.,  per  dozen;  JASMINUM  GRACILLIMUM.  extra 
fine,  i8j.,  30J.,  601.,  per  dozen;  LATANIA  BORBOMICA, 
fine  stout  plants,  24s.,  301..  per  dozen;  LOMARIA  GIBBA, 
12s.,  iSs.,  perdozen;  KENTIAS,  in  variety,  30s.,  425.  per 
dozen;  LAURUSTINUS,  French,  white,  in  bud.  .8s.,  30s, 
60s.,  per  dozen  ;  OTAHEITE  ORANGES,  in  fruit,  42s.,  per 
dozen;  PALMS,  in  variety,  in  small  pors,  60s.  per  .00; 
PHCENIX  RECLINATA,  30s.  per  dozen;  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, Princess  Roval.&c.  j8s.,  301.,  60s.,  75s.,  S4S.,perdoz  ; 
PTYCHOSPERMA  ALEXANDR/E,  i8s.  per  dozen  ;  SEA- 
FORTHIA  ELEGANS,  18s  ,  30s  ,  per  dozen  ;  SOLANUMS, 
in  berry,  gi..  .2s..  18s.,  per  dozen. 

All  the  above  can  be  supplied  by  the  hundred,  and  the 
majority  bv  the  thousand.      Inspection  invited. 

ORCHIDS   A   SPECIALTY.  -  The   stock    at  the  Clapton 


Three  span-ioofed  houses  of  PHALjENOPSIS  i 
The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  super,  feet. 
Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


Cash  Prices. 

GRAPE  VINES,  FIGS,  PEACHES,  &c., 
in  Pi  ts  ;  excellent,  well. ripened  trees  for  immediate 
fruitinc  A  l.irge  stock  of  very  fine  Dwarf-irained  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  and  APRICOTS,  with  fibrous  roots.  SEA- 
KALE  for  Forcing.  The  choicest  ROSES.  Nelt  Piice  List 
on  application. 
WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "  List  or   New,   Rare,    and  Choice 

Ferns,"  free. 
Descriptive  *'  List  of  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.   &J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE.    MANCHESTER. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  45.  per  100.  Plants  iu  small  pots,  t6i.  per  ito  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25J,  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  tree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 

The  Grand  New  Narcissus. 

"SIR  W    A    T    K    I    N ." 

2J.  each,  21J.  per  dozen,  i6oj.  per  100. 

The  largest  aad  fiuest  known.     First-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries.  Chester. 


CARTERS' 
CHEAP  BULBS 

FOR  PLANTING   IN    LARGE  MASSES  IN 

SHRUBBERIES,  BEDS  AND  BORDERS. 


HYACINTHS,  Red,  White  and  Blue     160/-  18/.  3/ 

TULIPS,  Double  or  Single,  Mixed           40/.  4,6  8d 

NARCISSUS,  mised  border  v.ineties         25/-  3/-  6d 
GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 


60/-     7/6    1/3 


GLADIOLUS     BRENCHLEYENSIS, 

'■'""■i '^""'^ 45/-     5/6 


Crocus,  yellow 
"      us,  blue., 
us,  white 

us,  striped 

Jonquil,  Cimpernel 


6,6 


ish     2/6 


A „...„.. 

Star  of  Bethlehem  . 
E.inunculus,  Persia 
Scilla,  pale  blue 
SciUa  Sibehoa 
Snowdrops     . . 


All   Parcels   Carriage    Free. 

Seedsmen    by    Royal    Warrant    to    H.R.H.   The 

Prince    of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN, 
LONDON. 


RASPBERRY, 

BA  UMFORTH'S  SEEDLING. 

TRANSPLANTED   CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  above  for  delivery 
as  soon  as  ready. 
Planting  Canes  . .    . .  17s  6d.  per  100. 
Fruiting  Canes  . .    . .  25s.  „ 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 


THE  YORKSHIRE    SEED  ESTABLISHMENT.  HULL. 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  fully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn 

per  bushel  of  14  cakes,  51. 
Per  cake,  bd.  ;  per  cake,  free  by 

Parcel  Post,  \s. 
For  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 

Upper   Holioway.    London,  N. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT   TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Tht  /Itttstraled  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUR  o/FR  UlTS 

poit-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 


THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


FRUIT.  FRUIT,  FRUIT. 

SEE   NEW   CATALOGUE. 

APPLES,  PEARS.PLUMS,  CHERRIES. 
— All  the  finest  varieties. — Pyramids,  gs.  and  12.1.  per 

dozen  :    Standards,   12.1.   per  dozen  ;    Dwarf-trained, 

151.  and  18s   per  dozen. 
CURRANTS.— Black,   Red.  White,  125.  per  100,  2J.  and 

ii.  6d  per  dozen. 
RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,    12s.  per    loo ;  Norlhumber- 

land  Fdlbasket,  65.  per  100. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  i^s.  and  205.  per  100,  35.  6d.  and  3^. 

per  dozen. 
STKAWBERRIES.— All  themost  reliable  croppers.  Strmg 

ruDneis,  zj.  6d.  per  100 :  in  zj^-mch  pots,  10s.  per  100  ; 

in  5-inch  pots,    for  (crcing    255.    per   100  ;    Laxton's 

New  King  of  Kailies  and  The  Captain,  -zs   per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

S^e  our  Xczv  Caiala^tie. 
The  finest  H.P.  varieties,  6j   per  dozen,  40J.  per  los. 
Tea-scented  and  Noisettes.  155.  per  dozen ;  \oos.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses.  6i.  per  dozen. 

Clirnbing  varieties,  for  Rockeries,  Arbours,  &c.,  6j.  p   doz. 

The   above  are  alt  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 

fl'>wer  much  better  thaa    Roses  grown  in  a  good  cUmaLe 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORS'AMRSTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 


OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRINO. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sincle  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
colours:  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  91'.  per  dozen.  4J.  and  %s.  per  roo.  PAN- 
SIFS  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM,  SILENE  COMPACTA,  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  t.t.  6d.  per  dozen,  8i.  per  loo  ; 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring-flowering  Plants  for  175.  dd., 
icoofor  31J.  td. 

TULIPS,  various  colours.  51.  per  too:  CROCUS,  tl.  id. 
and  51.  per  100;  SNOWDROPS,  is.  id.  per  .00: 
BORDER  HYACINTHS.  i6j.  pertoo;  NARCIS- 
SUS. 5J.  per  roo  ;  500  assorted  Spring  Bulbs  for  i2j., 
locofor  2.1 

HEPATICAS.  Bine  and  Red;  Double  PRIMROSES, 
Sulphvir.  ys.  id.  per  dozen. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincbam. 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.  — Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 
or  earden  bloom,  named,  55.  per  dozen 
SPLENDID    PHLOXES,   PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  varieties,  3s    bd.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.— The  most  showy 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts, 
ts.  per  dozen  plants  :  fine  Clove  and  Border  Self 
varieties,  4t.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 

LILIES. —  Candidiim.  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  35.  per  doz. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nuisery,  Altrinchara. 

A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,  ij.  id.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 
wn  fine  strains. 
3IAS.    TREE    CA 
CILIS— In  pots  f 
and  1 
SPIR/EA  (APONICA,  DIELVTRA  SPECTABILIS.— 

Fine  clumps.  SJ.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS,— Ghent,   mollis,   pontica,  or    indica.   all  with 

buds,  for  forcing,  i8f.,  24J  ,  and  30J.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.OIdSeld  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


c 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening :  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c         

WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


582 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  1885. 


BECK  &  CO,  Ltd,, 

130,    GREAT    SUFFOLK    STREET, 
LONDON,    S.E. 

{Telegraphic  Address  —  "  Hydrant,  London  "), 

HOT-WATER   VALVE 

MANUFACTURERS,    &c. 

GOLD  MEDAL,   HEALTH  EXHIBITION. 


WIIEATI.EY.S     TATENT. 


BEST  and  MOST  COMPACT    THROTTLE 
VALVE  in  the  MARKET. 


Prices:— 8s.  3d.    10s.    12s.  6d. 


Should  this  Valve  be  left  unuied  for  a  lengthened  period  and 
be  found  tphtly  wedged,  by  simply  unscrewing  the  Lower 
Nut.  T  SpinJIe,  ihe  wing  will  be  released  and  can  then  be 
readily  turned  at  picas  jre  and  the  Nut  reughtened. 

No  violence  is  therefore  needed,  and  the  Valve 
shoiUd  never  be  broken 


C:^^^^^ 


Beck's  Patent    Horizontal    Screw- 
down  Hot-water  Valves 

Are  Manufactured  at   the   above  Address  only, 
and  the  Name  of  the  Firm  is  Cast  on  each. 


GARDEN         HYDRANTS, 

STA  NDPIPES,     HOSE, 
BRANCHPIPES,     SPREADERS,     ROSES,    cS:c. 


FIRE    APPLIANCES. 


Sectional  or  Complete  Catalogues  on  application. 


The  Fruits  of  the  Future. 

The  following  Fruits  are  destined  to  completely  revoliitlonise 
the  whole  question  of  "Fruit  Culture  for  the  Future,"  being 
STARTLING.  NOVEL,  and  DELICIOUS,  and  having  long 
been  wanted  as  "  Ch.inges  "  from  the  Dessert    and    Cuiinary 


vogue  : 


siderthe 


BLACK  RASPBERRY.  mS  exquisite  and 
palatable  fruit  yet  introduced.  It  has  been  produced  by 
crossing  a  Raipbeny  with  "THE  GLENFIELD,"  a  Black- 
berry.    The   result   i?,    we  have  here    a    magnificent    and 

VARIETIES.    BUT    THE    COLOUR    IS    GLOSSY    BLACK,       We   should 

add.  that  there  is  just  a  perceptible  taste  of  the  Blackberry 
parent  which  renders  the  fruit  even  more  delightful  than  either 
the  Blackberry  or  Raspberry. 

When  we  sent  out  the  Wdson  Junior  Blackberry,  we  then 
strongly  advised  our  patrons  to  bestow  their  immediate  at- 
tention upon  that  magnificent  novelty,  as  we  knew  that  when 
its  tiue  metiis  became  known  it  would  become  immensely 
popular.  As  we  toretold,  our  sanguine  expectations  are  being 
verified  by  facts,  and  Wilson  Junior  is  now  rightly  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  most  popular  acquisitions  of  the  day.  We  there- 
fore advise,  even  more  strongly  than  we  did  in  the  case  of  the 
Wilson  Junior  Blackberry,  those  patrons  who  desire  to  posse- s 
a  magnificent  and  wonderful  new  fruit,  whether  for  their  own 
dessert  table  or  for  market  purposes,  to  give  this  sterling  novelty 
theinmniediateattention.  Illustrated  Circular  gratisand  post-free. 

One-year-old  Plants.  \s.  ^d.  each,  j2j.  per  dozen,  and  85s. 
per  lOD,     AH  orders  carriage  paid. 


"THE  LEICESTER,"  J^-^^XJ:^ 

it  very  closely  rescinhUs  tJie  Black  Hamburgh  we  think  we  have 
s^id  enough  to  enable  this  grand  acquisition  to  receive  that 
attention  which  it  rightly  deserves,  especially  when  we  consider 
that  we  have  here  a  Grape  equal  to  the  Black  Hamburgh,  requir- 
ii)E  neiiher  glass,  heat,  &c.  Illustrated  Circular  gratis  and  post- 
fiee,  Two-year-oid  plants,  3<.  dd.  and  5^.  each  ;  3DJ.  and  48^. 
per  dozen.     All  orders  delivered  free. 

AMERICAN  BLACKBERRY-ZJir' 

Owing  to  further  concessions  from  the  rai.-ier  we  are  enabled 
no*  to  oiTer  this  variety  at  the  reduced  price  as  given  below. 
As  per  our  Circulars  of  Seftemher  5  and  12,  ".oe  must  again 
VJxrn  zvonld-tt-  pmchasers  to  carefu  ly  see  that  they  ohtatyi  the 
true  variety.  Large  Circular,  illustraiing  a  branch  lu  full  bear* 
ing,  gratis  and  post-free. 

Reduced  price,  Is.  each;  93.  6d.  dozen  ;  70s.  100. 

Wilsoiis  Early.  Early  Harvest,  Pnrsley-leaved.  Ancient  Briton, 
Western  Triumph,  &c.,  at  Zi,  each  ;  7J.  (>d.  per  dozen  ;  45^.  per 
100.     Cariiage  free. 

VICCARS    COLLYER    &    CO., 

CENTRAL    HALL,    LEICESTER, 
(Where  all  leuers  are  to  be  addressed. )     And 
KegiUirca  T     CENTRAL  NURSEEIES, 

Telegrahic  Ait.irts! :  \  Glenfleld,  near  Leicester. 


CeutraJ ^Leicester. J     A.  W.  CRtWi.  Manager. 


Nymptisea  alba  rosea  ! 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer    strong    i-year  Seedlrngs   of    this   beautiful 
Hardy  Rose  coloured  WATER-LILY.     Price  on  applicatioD. 
Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 


R 


OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — Thirty 

Thousand  Divarf  Roses,  all  the  best  leading  varieties, 
d  true    to  name,   strong  healthy  plants,  30J.  per  100,   j[,iz 
t  1000 — my  selection.     Setid  for  sample  dozen,  4s 
C.  ALLEN,  Stone  HUls  Nursery,  Heigham,  Norwich. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five  hundred 
varieties,  including  the  best  ol  the  Exhibition.  Decora- 
tive, Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  is.  6d.  per  dozen,  loj.  per  ico  ; 
Plants,  2s.  6d-  per  dozen,  i6s.  per  loo  ;  ready,  end  of  December. 
Many  of  the  best  growers  in  the  country  are  supplied  from  this 
collection.      For  the  grand  new  sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 

WM.'  ETHERINGTON.  Manor  House,  Swanscombe.  Kent. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

GROWN  BY 

WM.     R  I  S  L  E  V,    Maritzburg,     Natal 

(the  Original  Grower). 

There  are  a  few  Cases  of  these  magnificent  Bulbs  still  unsold, 
quite  equal  in  every  respect  to  any  yet  delivered.  Some  of  them 
weigh  ^  lb.,  and  measure  2J4  inches  in  diameter. 

Intending  buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early  application  to 
the  undersigned.     Quotations  very  low.     Terms  nett  cash. 


WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street.  EC. 


Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  2s.  6d.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   nurseries,    HAVANT.    HAMPSHIRE. 


ANNUAL    AUTUMN    EXHIBITION. 


Wm,  Cutbush  &  Son  (Ld.), 

COLLECTIONS  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

&c  ,  which  are  now  in  good  bloom. 

HIUHGATE  NURSERIES,    LONDON,    N. 

Telkoraphic  Address-"  cutbush,  LONDON." 


National  Pear  Conference, 

Royal  HorticiiUural  Society's  Garden, 
Chiswick,  Oct.  20  to  Nov.  4. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 

OCTOBER  17  atii  FOLLOWING    WEEKS 

PEARS     AND     PEAR     CULTURE, 


ORIGINAL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  issue  ^or  October  34  contains  a 
REPORT  of  the  EXHIBITION  of  PEARS 

AT    CHISWICK. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  these  Numbers  are 
the  following  eminent  Fomologlsts  :— 


R.  D.  BI.>cki 
Middles! 
G.  Bunyard,  Maid 


T.  Coombei 
The 


Mo 


e,  York 
iswick,  Mid- 

TeddingtJn, 

;one,  Kent 
lUth 


R.    Gilbert,    Burleigh,    North- 

T.     Jones.     Royal     Gardens, 

Frogmore 
H.    Lane  &  Sons,    Berkham- 

stead 
C.      Lee     &      Son,       Ealing, 


Hereford 
A.  Dean,  Bedfont,  Middlesex 
M.     Dunn.    Dalkeith,    Midlo- 

Jas.  Dickson,  Che.ter 
K.  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester 
J.  Douglas,  Ilford,  Essex 
W.  Eatley,  Illord,  Essex  I  Hants 

S.  Ford,  Leonardslce.  Sussex       J,  Veitch  &  Sons,  Fulham 
D.T.  Fish,  Bury  Sl  Edmund's  I  &c,    &c. 

Price  5(/.,  post-free  sjat/. 
May  be  ordered  of  all    Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at 
the  Railway  llookstalls,  or  obtained  direct  from  the  Publisher, 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


ONION     PRIZES 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show,  South 
Kensington,  October,  1SS6, 

H.  DEVERILL, 

EOYAL  SEED  STORES, 
BANBURY, 

For  a  Collection  of  six  each,  of  the  following 
FOUR  varieties  : — 

DEVERILL  S    "  KOUSHAM    PARK    HERO," 

Per  P-icket  IS.,  post-free. 

DEVERILL'S    "ANGLO    WHITE    SPANISH," 

Per  Packet  2j.  6it.,  post-free. 

DEVERILL'S    "MAIN    CROP," 

Per  Ounce  6J. ,  post-free. 

FINLAYS    "THE    WROXTON,' 

Per  Packet  is  ,  post-free. 

1st  Prize.    2d  Prize.    3d  Prize.    4th  Prize. 
£2.         £1  10s,        £1.  10s. 

N.B. — Only  a  very  limited  quantity  of  Seed 
of  the  above  popular  stocks  to  offer,  especially 
of  the  Rousham  Park  Hero,  the  crop  of  this 
valuable  Onion  having  partially  failed. 


November  7,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


583 


Now  Ready, 

THE  GARDEN  ANNUAL 

Almanac  and  Address  Book 
for  1886. 


PRICE  Is. ;     POST-FREE,  Is.  3d. 


THIS  is  a  most  complete  and  accurate 
Yearly  Reference  Book  for  the  use  of 
all  interested  in  Gardens  yet  published.  The 
Alphabetical  Lists  of  all  Branches  of  the  Horti- 
cultural Trade  have  been  corrected  up  to  the 
END  OF  OCTOBER.  The  Lists  of  Gardens 
and  Country  Seats  have  been  very  carefully 
and  extensively  revised,  and  now  form  the 
most  Complete  List  ever  published.  The 
Garden  Annual  may  be  ordered  through  all 
Booksellers,  Nurserymen,  and  Seedsmen. 

It  contains,  among  many  other  matters, 
ths  following,  viz,  ;— 

ALMANAC  for  the  Vcar  1SS6. 

CONCISE    CALENDAR    of   GARDENING 

OPERATIONS  for  each  Month. 

FLOWERS,    FRUITS     and    VEGETABLES 

procurable  each  Month. 

A  carefully  compiled  ALPHABETICAL  LIST 
of  NURSERYMEN  and  SEaDSMEN, 
FLORISTS,  HORTICULTURAL 
BUILDERS,  ENGINEERS,  and  of  the 
HORTICULTURAL    TRADE   generally. 

THE  PRINCIPAL  GARDENS,  COUNTRY 
SEATS  and  HORTICULTURAL  TRADE 

in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  arranged  in  the  order 
of  the  Counties,  extended  and  corrected  to  end  of 
OCTOBER. 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  COUNTRY 
SEATS  and  GARDENS  in  the  United  King, 
dom,  with  Names  of  their  OWNERS  very  much 
extended  and  corrected  to  date. 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  HEAD  GAR- 
DENERS in  the  Principal  Gardens  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  with  nearest  Post  Towns  added. 

This  LIST  has  been  greatly  AUGMENTED. 

Lists  of  New  Plants,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables 

Certificated  during  the  Year. 


37,  SOUTHAMPTON  STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C. 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY    STOCK:- 

ABIES  CANADENSIS,  4  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     DOUGLASII,  3  to  6  feet,  thousands. 

,,     DOUGLASII  GLAUCA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     HOOKERIANA  or  PATTONIANA,  3  to  6  feet. 

„    ORIENTALIS,  4,  s.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

„    PARRVANA  GLAUCA,   1%  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     All 
from  seed. 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,,     DEODARA,  6  to  9  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     HB.\NI  (Cedar  of  Lebanon),  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA  ERECTA  VIRIDIS,  3,  4, 
5  to  8  feet,  thousands. 

,.     LUTEA,  3,  4  and  5  feet,  hundreds. 
lUNIPER,  Chinese,  5,  8  to  12  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     GRANJPIS,  5  te  7  feet. 

,,     LASI0CARP.\,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     M.AGNIFICA,  2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NOBILIS,"  I  ^<  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„    NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundred.. 

,,     PINSAPO,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  3  to  3".,  and  4  feet,  well  furnished  and 
transplanted  October,  1S84,  thousands. 

.,    CEMBRA,  3,  6  to  S  leet,  hundreds. 
RETINOSPORA  OBTUSA  AUKEA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,,     PISIFERA  AUREA(true),  3tot>feet. 

..     PLUMOSA  AURKA,  3  to  s  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALLS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

„     DOLOBRATA,  3,  4,  and  6  feet,  hundreds. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     OCCII  lENXALIS  LUTE.A,  3  to  6  feet. 

,.     SEMPER  AUREA,  2K  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
YEWS,  Common,  3,  4,  and  5  feet,  thousands. 

,,     Common,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  many  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 

,,     Golden,  Seedlings,  3,  4.  5,  to  8  feet. 

,,     Irish,  5  to  10  feet,  tiundreds. 

,,     Irish,  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  5  feet. 
AZALE.AS,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 
RHODODENDRONS,  3,  4.  5,  6.  8  to  10  feet,  thousands  of 
liner  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 

tW  The  fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons  annually 
planted  in  Rotten  Row,  Hyde  Park,  are  supplied  by  Anthonv 

W.-ITEREI!, 


AUCUBA  JAPONICA.  iM  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
PAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps.  5  to  8  feet  high, 

planted  spring,  1815,  hi'ndreds. 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated, 
HOLLIES,  Common  Green, 

,,    ALTACLARENSE, 

„     HODGINS', 

.,     LAURIFOLIA, 

.,     MYRTIFOLIA, 

,,     SCOTnCA, 

„     Yellow -berried  and  otl, 

,,     Variegated,  of 


.  5upt 


10  feet,  thousands. 

Golden  Queen,  3.  4,  5,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds  of  beau- 
tiful specimens. 

Silver  Queen,  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens. 

Weeping.  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten  to 
fifteen  years'  growth,  hundreds. 

Weeping,  New  Golden,  a  large  quantity  of  beautiful 
plants. 


The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  si 
and  splendid  roots,  and  have  all  been  Iranspl, 

ACACIA  BES.SONIANA,  6  to  10  feet. 
ACER  DASYCARPUM,  r3  to  .5  feet. 

„     NEGUNDO  VAR1EG.\TA.  Standards,  8  t 

„     REITENBACHII,  Stoiofect. 

„     SCHWEDLERI,  12  to  14,  and  r4  to  16  feet 

,,     WORLEYII,  Standards,  I2  to  r4  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

,,     Purple,  Pyramids,  9  to  12,  and  12  to  14  feet. 
BIRCH.  Silver,  12  to  14  feet. 

,,    Purple,  14  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Horse,  14  to  16  feet. 

„     Horse,  Scarlet,  r2  to  r4  feet. 

„     „     Double,  10  to  12  feet. 
ELMS.  English,  10  to  12  feet. 

,,     Guernsey,  10  to 
LIMES,  10  to  12  feet, 

,,     Silver-leaved,  12  to  14  feet. 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  to  8  feet. 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  r2  feet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  14  to  16  feet. 
OAKS,  American,  12  to  14  feet, 

,,     Enghsh,  10  to  12  feet, 
PLANES,  14  feet  and  upwards. 
POPLAR  CANADENSIS  NOVA,  1 

„     BOLLEANA,  8  to  10  feet 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  r4  to  15   eet. 

,,     Purple,  15  to  16  feet. 

,,    Variegated,  Standards,  10  to  12  f 


feet,  and  r4  to  r6  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 

BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards.  10  to  12  I 
, ,     Weepmg,  Purple  (true).  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids,  ro  to  12  feet. 
.,    Young's  \Veeping,  Sundards.  14  feel. 

ELMS,  Weeping,  Standard^,  10  feet  stems. 

HAZEL,  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

LARCH,  Weeeping,  6  to  10  feet. 

POPLAR,  Weeping,  Standards- 

SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8  t 


Intending  planters  are  invited  to  inspect  the  Plants  growing  ; 
no  one  interested  in  such  matters  will  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  of  such  a  Stock. 


KNAP    HILL    NURSERY, 

WOKING,    SURREY. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    7,    1S85. 


THE    "HEREFORDSHIRE 

POMONA," 

"  pART  VII.,  completing  the  work."  The 
-L  significance  of  such  words  as  these 
creates  always,  and  under  any  circumstances,  a 
mixed  impression.  Whatever  the  work  be, 
and  however  satisfactory,  there  is  a  tinge  of 
melancholy  about  them.  They  represent  the 
cessation  *of  effort,  and  when,  as  in  this  case, 
the  effort  has  been  worthy,  and  the  result  such 
as  to  win  the  admiration  of  all  concerned,  still 
the  feeling  of  regret  intermingles  with  the  grati- 
fying sense  of  something  attempted,  something 
— in  this  case  much— done. 

We  cannot  tell,  we  can  but  hope,  that  the 
last  hours  of  Dr.  Henry  Bull,  of  Hereford,  were 
solaced  by  this  sense  of  having  accomplished 
good  work— something  that  should,  apart  from 
higher  considerations,  into  which  it  would  be 
presumptuous  here  to  enter,  prove  to  have 
promoted  the  welfare  of  his  fellows.  Be  this 
as  it  may,  it  is  something  startling  to  have 
laid  on  our  table  at  one  and  the  same  time, 
the  last  part  of  the  Hcrcjordshire  Pomona  ami 
the  announcement  of  the  death  of  its  author. 
In  that  part  we  find  the  following  recognition 
of  the  services  of  Dr.  Bull,  signed  by  the 
successive  annual  Presidents  of  the  Woolhope 
Naturalists'  Field  Club  during  the  preparation 
and  completion  of  the  Herefordshire  Pomona, 
and  which  was  ordered  to  be  inserted  in  the  work 
immediately  after  the  general  introduction  :  — 

"  The  members  of  the  Woolhope  Club  desire  to  offer 
their  special  and  gratefitl  thanks  to  Dr.  Bull  for  the 
ability  and  perseverance  with  which  he  has  carried  out 
the  publication  of  the  Herefordshire  Pomona.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  own  valuable  papers,  he  has  edited  and 
superintended  the  work  from  beginning  to  end.  He 
originated  it.  and  without  the  untiring  dihgence  and  zeal 
he  has  displayed  lor  so  many  years  it  could  not  have 
been  so  successfully  completed. 

"J.  Griffith  Morris,  1877  Thomas  Blashill.  1882 

A.  D.  Phillot,   1878  George  H.  Piper,  1883 

Arthur  Armitage,  1879  Charles  Burrough,  1884 

I.  H.  Knight,  1880  C.  G.  Martin,  1885 

Auguslin  Ley,  1881  Theophilus  Lane,  Sec." 

This  is  no  more  than  a  just  recognition  of 
the  untiring  labours  of  Dr.  Bull.  In  carrying 
out  the  work  Dr.  Bull  received  the  cordial 
assistance  and  cooperation  of  Dr.  Hogg,  but 
that  gentleman  will  be  the  first  to  acknowledge 
that,  alike  in  its  inception  and  its  conduct  from 
beginning  to  end,  the  greater  share  of  the  work 
connected  with  the  Herefordshire  Pomona  has 
fallen  to  Dr.  Bull.  Dr.  Bull,  moreover,  raised 
the  standard  of  the  Woolhope  Club  at  Rouen. 
What  other  local  field  club,  we  wonder,  has 
essayed  so  daring  a  feat  ?  And  it  was  successful. 
Our  courteous  neighbours  at  once  recognised 
the  value  of  the  effort,  and  honoured  the  Club, 
as  well  as  Dr.  Bull  and  Dr.  Hogg,  with  sub- 
stantial marks  of  their  appreciation.  Nor  was 
this  all  a  matter  of  friendly  recognition,  com- 
pliment and  hospitality.  The  Woolhope  Club 
— that  is  to  say,  principally,  Dr.  Bull— not  only 
made  a  display  of  Hereford  products,  which 
won  the  sufferages  of  the  Norman  pomologists. 


584 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  1S85, 


but  succeeded  in  introducing  into  Hereford- 
shire, after  careful  scrutiny,  no  fewer  than  eight 
varieties  of  Apples  of  Norman  growth,  whichmet 
the  requirements  of  Hereford  growers,  as  to 
quality  of  juice,  vigour,  hardihood,  and  fertility, 
varying  period  of  blooming,  late  maturity,  and 
general  good  reputation.  This  is  a  good  example 
of  what  a  local  field  club  may  do,  under  proper 
guidance,  for  the  general  welfare.  The  fungus 
forays,  the  mycophagous  festivals,  these  are 
familiar  to  our  readers  :  the  genial  fun,  the  animal 
spirits,  the  solid  benefit  to  science — these  have 
found  record  in  our  pages  from  year  to  year,  and 
here  again  the  presiding  spirit  was  Dr.  Bull. 
It  seems  so  strange  to  have  to  write  that  word 
— was — when  we  have  before  us,  not  only  the 
last  part  of  the  Pomona,  but  when  it  is  but  a  few 
days  since  thatwe  had  acommunication  fromhim 
relating  to  the  Pear  Conference  only  just  con- 
cluded at  Chiswick.  Pomology  and  Mycology 
were  two  of  the  recreations  of  this  energetic 
man.  He  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
a  physician  in  large  practice.  No  longer  ago 
than  the  4th  of  last  month  he  wrote  to  one 
of  our  correspondents — "  I  am  particularly 
busy  just  now,  three  tong  journeys  a-day  [re- 
ferring to  one  of  his  patients],  but  perhaps  a 
death  will  set  me  free  "—and  it  has  set  him 
free.  Before  the  month  was  over  all  that  was 
mortal  of  Henry  Bull  had  ceased  to  be.  In  the 
agony  of  grief  that  this  comparatively  sudden 
termination  of  a  happy  and  useful  career  must 
have  occasioned  may  the  feeling  that  the  ex- 
pression "ceased  to  be"  has  only  a  limited 
signification  afford  true  consolation  to  those  that 
are  left  to  mourn — and  to  hope. 

Of  the  Herefordshire  Pomona  itself  the  con- 
cluding part  of  which  lies  open  before  us,  we 
must  speak  on  another  occasion.  Enough  for 
the  present  to  record  the  death  of  one  of  the 
brightest,  most  energetic,  most  sympathetic  of 
men.  Dr.  Bull  died  of  cancer,  after  a  short 
illness,  on  October  31,  in  his  sixty-eighth  year. 


JUI 


MASDEVALLIA  HIEROGLYPHICA,  Rchb.  f. 
At  last  I'.have  fresh  flowers  at  hand,  kindly  sent 
byMr.W.  Lee,  who  had  the  plant  from  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
who  alone  would  appear  to  have  imported  it.  It  is 
lovely,  much  like  Masdevallia  Arminii,  but  quite 
distinct  in  its  long  tails  and  in  the  shape  of  its  sepals, 
which  are  much  less  rounded,  and  more  triangular. 
The  tails  are  mauve  on  the  upper  half,  the  lower 
part  being  orange-coloured.  Bodies  of  sepals  light 
mauve,  purple  outside,  white  at  the  base.  The  dorsal 
sepal  has  three  Indian-purple  lines,  and  four  manifold 
rows  of  small  spots  of  same  colour.  All  the  remainder 
of  the  inside  of  the  sepals  is  purple  ;  there  is,  how- 
ever, an  Indian-purple  line  on  the  mid-nerves  of  the 
lateral  sepals.  Petals  whitish-sulphur.  Lip  with  innu- 
merable small  purple  spots  on  the  disc,  purple  at  the 
base,  darker  purple  in  front.  The  column  is  white, 
with  numerous  small  Indian-purple  spots  under  the 
fovea.  Excepting  that  place  it  is  dark  Indian-purple, 
It  is  a  delightful  gem.  H.  G.  Rchb,f. 

DiCKSONiA  Lathamii,  n.  hyh. 

Arborescent  evergreen  ;  fronds  tripinnate,  coria- 
ceous, narrow  oblong,  14 — 15  feet  long,  including 
stipes ;  dark  green  on  the  upper  surface,  paler 
beneath  ;  pinnje  alternate,  often  unequally  distant, 
sometimes  nearly  opposite,  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate, 
broadish  at  the  base,  acuminate,  the  middle  ones 
\\ — 2  feet  long,  6—8  inches  broad,  divided  into 
rather  close-set  pinnules,  which  are  also  sessile ; 
pinnules  linear-oblong,  narrowed  to  a  point  at  the 
apex,  about  \  inch,  ot  in  the  basal  ones  i  inch,  broad, 
the  upper  portion  decrescent  and  confluent  ;  pin- 
nulets  distinct,  roundish  or  oblong-obtuse,  the  lowest 
with  a  narrow  attachment,  the  rest  more  or  less 
adnate,  the  margin  in  the  fertile  contracted  portions 
distinctly  crenato-lobate,  each  crenature  or  lobe  bear- 
ing a  sorus  ;  the  sterile  parts  pinnatifid,  with  falcate 
oblong-acute  lobes,  indistinctly  toothed  at  the  apex  ; 
sori  six  to  eight  on  each  pinnulet,  globose,  the  green 
outer  valve  (tip  of  lobe)  somewhat  larger  than  the 


brown  inner  one,  both  entire  ;  veins  in  the  fertile 
parts  simple,  one  to  each  lobe,  from  a  stout  costa, 
which  is  prominent  on  the  lower  surface,  in  the  sterile 
parts  more  or  less  forked  ;  stipes  4  or  5  feet  in  length, 
clothed  abundantly  in  the  younger  stages  with  bright 
rufous  hair-scales,  and  as  well  as  the  rachis  very  stout, 
pale  brown,  with  a  central  furrow  above,  deeper 
umber-brown,  and  bluntly  rounded  behind,  the  surface 
minutely  asperous,  the  main  and  secondary  rachides 
tomentose,  with  fine  crispy  deciduous  hair-scales, 
the  secondary  and  tertiary  ones  comparatively  thin, 
also  asperous,  with  a  few  scattered  hair-scales  along 
the  base  of  the  pinnulets. 

This  very  noble  Fern,  which  appears  to  be  of 
hybrid  origin,  was  raised  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Latham, 
Curator  of  the  Birmingham  Botanic  Garden,  after 
whom  we  have  named  it.  The  plant  has  a  very 
stout  trunk,  and  a  most  distinct  character  of  growth. 
At  the  present  time  the  stem  is  4  feet  4  inches  in  cir- 
cumference at  a  foot  from  the  ground  surface,  and  a 
height  of  3  feet  clear  of  fronds,  the  crown  of  fronds 
rising  above  this  2  feet  6  inches,  reaching  the  total 
height  of  5  feet  6  inches.  There  are  about  sixty 
fronds  on  the  plant,  the  largest  of  which,  including 
the  stipes,  measures  between  14  and  15  feet,  the  stipes 
being  5  feet  6  inches  long,  and  the  lamina  of  the 
frond  from  the  lower  pinnae  to  the  apex  9  feet  4  inches  ; 
the  lowest  pinna  is  19  inches  long,  and  the  largest, 
about  the  centre  of  the  frond,  23  inches  in  the  speci- 
men before  us.  There  is,  moreover,  this  peculiarity 
in  its  habit  of  growth,  that  though  the  stems  resemble 
those  of  Dicksonia  antarctica,  the  fronds  forming  the 
head  or  crown  of  the  plant  are  produced  succession- 
ally,  and  not  simultaneously,  as  they  are  in  that 
species. 

Mr.  Latham  sends  the  following  particulars  of  its 
history:  — "  Some  years  ago  I  had  under  my  care  a 
plant  of  the  very  rare  Dicksonia  arboiescens,  an  im- 
ported plant,  with  a  clear  stem  of  from  3.^  to  4  feet  in 
height,  and  having  so  completely  the  character  of  that 
figured  in  Hooker's  Species  Filicum  (i.,  t.  22)  that  I 
have  no  doubt  it  was  the  true  plant.  I  collected 
spores  from  this  plant  and  sowed  them  in  a  5-inch 
pot,  at  the  same  time  sowing  in  another  pot  of  similar 
size  some  spores  of  D.  antarctica.  These  pots  were 
placed  side  by  side.  In  due  time  the  prothallia  came 
up  very  freely  in  the  pot  of  D.  antarctica,  but  not  so 
in  the  case  of  D.  arborescens.  Amongst  those  in  the 
pot  of  D.  antarctica  I  noticed  two  very  distinct  from 
the  rest,  and  these  I  carefully  watched  from  day  to 
day,  and  when  at  length  the  first  little  frond  made  its 
appearance  I  was  delighted  to  see  something  different 
from  D.  antarctica,  and  what  then  appeared  to  me  to 
be  D.  arborescens. 

"  For  some  years  after,  while  the  plant  was  in  a 
young  state,  it  was  supposed  to  be  the  latter  plant, 
but  when  it  began  to  develops  its  stem  and  the  fronds 
grew  to  their  full  size,  I  saw  it  was  distinct,  and  had 
combined  the  characters  of  D.  antarctica  and  D. 
arborescens,  which  I  now  believe  to  be  its  parents, 
the  spores  having  in  some  way  got  mingled  in  the 
seed  pot.  In  the  texture  of  its  fronds  it  is  very  much 
like  D.  arborescens,  but  the  general  character  of  the 
plant,  taken  as  a  whole,  comes  nearest  to  D.  antarc- 
tica, the  stem  quite  resembling  that  of  the  latter,  only 
being  stouter,  while  D.  arborescens  on  the  other  hand 
has  a  thinner,  more  slender  stem  in  the  way  of  that 
of  D.  squarrosa.  The  habit  of  throwing  up  the  young 
fronds  one  after  the  other  and  not  all  at  one  time  to 
form  at  once  a  new  crown  of  foliage,  is  also  foreign 
to  D.  antarctica,  and  more  nearly  resembles  the  mode 
of  development  in  D.  arborescens." 

We  have  examined  fragments  of  this  plant  at  differ- 
ent times  during  the  last  few  years,  and  had  been 
inclined  to  refer  it  to  D.  chrysotricha,  a  species 
of  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  not  having  been  till 
recently  aware  that  it  originated  from  spores, 
under  LIr.  Latham's  own  care  and  observation. 
The  account  of  its  origin  above  given,  however, 
leaves  little  room,  if  any,  for  doubt  that  it  is  one 
of  the  "  hybrid  "  forms  which  under  cultivation 
now  and  then  intrude  themselves  on  our  notice, 
and,  as  in  this  case,  furnish  us  with  new  objects  of 
admiration — for  the  plant,  we  remember,  was  some 
years  since  a  specimen  of  unique  and  stalely  character, 
unlike  any  others  then  known  to  cultivators,  and  it 
must  have  been  a  noble  and  majestic  ornament  to  the 
greenhouse  conservatory  in  which  it  is  growing. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  this  hybrid  is  a  most 
vigorous  grower.  Of  D.  arborescens,  which  it  re- 
sembles in  many  ways,  Mr,  J,  Smith,  in  his  Ferns^ 
British  and  Foreign  (1866),  remarks  ; — "  The  most 


fastidious  Tree  Fern  to  cultivate  is  Dicksonia  arbor- 
escens, a  native  of  St,  Helena,  It  was  first  intro- 
duced to  this  country  in  17S6,  and  many  times  since, 
but  refuses  to  become  established  either  in  a  tropical 
or  temperate  house."  The  same  may  be  said  of  it  to- 
day. Where  are  any  established  plants  of  it  to  be 
found  in  our  garders  ? 

This  novelty  is  of  so  interesting  a  character  that  we 
hope  shortly  to  be  able  to  add  a  figure  of  it  prepared 
by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  showing  its  chief  peculiarities, 
T,  Moore,  Chelsea. 


ATHROTAXIS    LAXIFOLIA.* 


A  FEW  weeks  since  (see  p.  270)  we  had  1 
figure  the  cones  of  A.  cupressoides  as  produced  on  a 
plant  in  Mr.  Noble's  nursery  at  Sunningdale.  Up  to 
that  time  the  plant  had  been  called  A.  selaginoides, 
not  only  in  the  Sunningdale  nursery,  but  also  in  other 
establishments.  The  finest  specimen  of  A.  cupres- 
soides at  Sunningdale  is  about  8  leet  high,  columnar 
in  outline,  like  some  of  the  Junipers,  with  rather  loose 
short  divaricate  branches  and  foliage,  as  represented 
at  fig.  60,  p.  273.  Since  that  notice  was  published 
specimens  have  reached  us  from  Mr.  Rashleigh's 
at  Menabilly,  which  we  refer  to  one  of  the  other 
species  mentioned  in  that  article,  viz.,  A.  laxifolia. 
If  we  are  right  in  our  determination  the  specimen  is 
the  mere  interesting  because  up  to  this  time  the  cone 
of  this  species  has  not  been  known  either  in  a  wild  or 
cultivated  state.  Its  appearance,  moreover,  lessens  if 
it  does  not  quite  remove  a  doubt  that  was  felt  whether 
A.  laxifolia  was  really  a  distinct  species.  The  only 
material  hitherto  available,  whether  in  herbaria  or  ia 
books,  was  hardly  sufficient  to  establish  a  species 
upon.  The  notes  of  the  collectors  and  of  those  who 
had  seen  this  tree  in  a  wild  state  in  the  mountains  of 
Tasmania,  however,  are  iu  favour  of  the  distinctness  o( 
A.  laxfolia  from  the  others,  and  their  view  will,  we  think, 
be  confirmed  by  the  specimen  now  figured  (fig.  134). 
It  is  not  necessary  with  the  figure  and  with  what  has 
been  published  at  p.  270,  to  give  further  botanical 
details,  but  we  may  appropriately  add  the  following 
particulars,  kindly  communicated  by  Mr,  Bennett,  the 
gardener  to  Mr.  Rashleigh,  at  Menabilly  :  — 
"  Alhrotaxis  laxifolia  is  10  feet  high  and  5  feet 
in  diameter  ;  it  is  a  perfect  pyramid,  feathered  from 
the  ground.  All  the  fruit  on  this  plant  is  on  the 
part  facing  the  east  from  the  twigs  touching  the 
ground  to  about  4  feet  above  it.  It  is  growing  about 
100  feet  above  the  sealevel  in  a  rather  exposed  situa- 
tion on  a  slight  mound  composed  of  the  following  : — 
Peat,  loam,  leaf-mould,  and  sand."  The  Alhrotaxis 
are  not  likely  to  take  high  rank  in  this  country  as  orna- 
mental trees,  being  rather  singular  than  beautiful,  nor 
are  they  likely  to  be  valuable  as  timber  trees,  from  their 
slow  growth  and  moderate  height,  25—30  feet. 
They  are  propagated  with  difticuliy,  and  no  suitable 
stock  has  yet  been  found  for  them. 


Ijrcl^id  |]ot£a  and  llcunin0s. 


CALANTHF.S  AT  OLDFIELD  HALL, 
ALTRINCHAM. 
The  praises  of  this  interesting  genus  of  Orchids  have 
so  often  been  sung,  their  acceptability  during  the 
winter  months  for  the  brightening  up  of  our  Orchid- 
houses,  and  the  use  they  may  be  put  to  when 
cut  for  indoor  decoration  is  so  well  understood,  that 
there  is  now  little  need  of  again  enforcing  the  desira- 
bility of  their  culture.  Little  that  now  can  be  said 
respecting  them  at  this  time  of  the  year  can  affect 
their  number  or  the  quality  of  their  blossoms  ;  they 
should  now  be  in  a  thriving  condition,  pushing  spikes 
and  flowers.  It  may  be  wise  even  now,  however,  to 
advise  those  who  have  an  inferior  variety  to  resolve 
upon  procuring  the  better  forms  whilst  they  may  be 
seen  in  flower  ;  a  little  more,  perhaps,  may  have  to 
be  paid  for  them,  but  that  is  not  much  to  those  who 
are  determined  to  get  only  the  best.  There  are  at 
least  three  distinct  forms,  differing  in  regard  to  the 
form  of    the   bulbs    as    well    as    in    the    colour    of 


'  Athyotaxis    laxifolia.   Hook,  fit,  Icotus  Plant  ,   t.   563 
Flora    Tasjitamar,  p.    354 ;    Parlatore  in   De  CandoUe.  Prod- 
r^/««5,  xvi.,  pars  2A  (i368).  p.  434,  "Species  ia  plantis  vivis 
melius  illustranda":  Veitch,  Manual  of  the  Comfem  (rSSi 
p.  233. 


November  7,   1885  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


585 


the     flowers,    and     the    density    of   them    on    the 
spike. 

These  distinctions  may  be,  and  often  are,  of  a 
more  or  less  marked  character,  according  to  the 
conditions  under  which  they  are  grown.  The  long 
bulb  variety,  sharply  pinched  in  at  about  half  its 
length,  is  not  by  any  means  so  good  as  the  form 
which  has  bulbs  of  a  lesser  length,  and  that  tapers 


the  back  of  a  Melon  and  Cucumber-house  here,  with 
a  liberal  treatment  as  regards  heat,  light,  and  moisture. 
They  come  on  well,  so  that  many  of  the  bulbs  are 
I  foot  in  length,  and  the  spikes  pushing  strongly,  so 
that  it  is  certain  that  many  will  reach  from  3  to  5  feet  in 
length.  Such  a  display  as  these  will  make  during 
the  winter  months  will  be  most  welcome.  W,  Swan, 
FalhwfidJ,  Ocl.  27. 


Fig.  134.— athrotaxis  laxifolia,     (see  p.  5S4.) 


from  the  base  without  any,  or  a  very  slight, 
contraction  at  about  a  third  of  its  length  from 
the  apex.  At  01d6eld  Hall,  the  seat  of  J. 
Allen,  Esq.,  there  is  at  the  present  time  a 
magnificent  lot.  Mr.  G.  Kirton  has  fifty  plants 
of  C.  Veitchii  bearing  six  to  eight  flowering  bulbs 
each,  some  plants  having  eight  to  ten  spikes.  These 
are  now  commencing  to  open  their  blooms,  and  Mr, 
Kirton  anticipates  that  he  will  have  plenty  of  bloom 
from  now  till  the  middle  of  March.  The  plants  have 
been  grown  during  the  summer  months  on  a  shelf  at 


Schomburgkia  tibicinis. 
A  species  with  long  grooved  pseudobulbs,  and 
short,  oblong,  notched  leaves.  The  numerous  flowers 
are  borne  in  a  loose  panicle  on  the  end  of  a  long 
flower-stalk.  The  individual  flowers  measure  about 
3  inches  in  diameter,  the  five  segments  are  spreading, 
oblong  obtuse,  reddish-carmine  in  colour,  paler  at  the 
base,  marked  with  a  green  spot  near  the  apex.  Lip 
projecting,  three-lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  incurved 
reddish-purple,  the  anterior  lobe  flattish  rounded, 
notched,    an^   marked    with   a   yellow  blotch.     The 


flowers  are  produced  in  May.  They  are  best  grown 
in  the  warm  end  of  the  Cattleya-house,  in  baskets  or 
rafts,  near  the  glass,  and  freely  supplied  with  water 
in  the  growing  season.  At  no  time  should  the  bulbs 
be  allowed  to  shrivel.    Orchid  Album,  t.  205. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM    VEXILLARIUM  VAR.  rURPUREUM. 

This  fine  variety  was  introduced  to  the  Linden 
establishment  by  Benedict  Roezl,  whose  death  we  have 
lately  had  to  record.  The  flowers  are  of  a  remarkably 
deep  rose-pink  colour.  O.  vexillarium,  according  to 
Roezl,  requires  a  treatment  intermediate  between  that 
suitable  for  O.  crispum  and  for  O.  Roezlii.  The  plant 
grows  on  the  trunk  of  trees,  and  requires,  says  Count 
du  Buysson,  ample  exposure  to  light,  but  not  to  the 
direct  sunlight,  a  cool  and  moist  atmosphere  in 
winter  of  about  50°,  and  in  summer  between  60°  and 
70°,  with  abundant  ventilation,  when  the  plant  is  not 
exposed  to  degrees  of  temperature  above  or  below  those 
-ited.  The  variety  is  figured  at  t.  xiii.  (1885)  of  the 
Lindenia, 

Oncidium  Brunleesianum. 

This  is  a  new  and  pretty  species,  introduced  from 
La  Plata,  and  has  the  advantage  of  taking  up  little 
space.  The  bulbs  are  somewhat  conical,  compressed, 
the  leaves  oblong  acute.  The  numerous  flowers  are 
borne  in  loose  branching  panicles.  The  segments 
are  pale  yellow,  barred  with  brown,  and  the  lip 
orange-yellow  with  a  conspicuous  blotch  of  deep 
sepia-browi* in  front.  It  flowers  in  April.  It  thrives 
best  in  a  small  basket  or  pan  in  the  Cattleya-house, 
near  the  glass.  The  figure  in  the  Orchid  Album,  t. 
206,  gives  a  very  good  idea  of  the  plant,  but  it  does 
not  supply  a  view  of  one  flower  separately. 

O.NCIDIUM  Lanceanum  var.  superbum. 
This  variety,  which  differs  from  the  type  princi- 
pally in  the  richer  colour  of  the  flowers,  is  figured 
in  a  recent  number  of  the  Lindenia,  t.  xvi.  It  is  a 
native  of  Dutch  Guiana,  and  requires  a  hot  tempera- 
ture, with  full  exposure  to  light,  and  an  ample  supply 
of  moisture  during  the  growing  period. 

TRICHOGtOTTIS    FASCIATA. 

An  Orchid  with  the  habit  of  a  Renanthera,  bearing 
the  flowers  in  racemes  from  the  sides  of  the  elongated 
stems  opposite  to  the  leaves.  The  flowers  are  about 
2  inches  across,  with  segments  pale  yellow  barred 
with  brown.  The  lip  is  shorter  than  the  segments, 
3lobed,  the  two  lateral  lobes  broad,  erect,  with  acute 
angles,  the  front  lobe  flat,  oblong-ovoid,  with  two 
hastiforme  projections,  one  on  each  side  in  front  of 
the  lateral  lobes.  The  specimen  figured  in  the  Orchid 
Album,  t.  20S,  was  flowered  in  the  garden  of  G. 
Heriot,  Esq.,  of  Highgate.  It  requires  abundant 
moisture  and  considerable  heat. 

AiSRIDES   ODORATUM   VAR.    DEMIDOVI. 

This  difl^ers  from  the  type  in  the  more  numerous 
spots  and  deeper  colouring  of  the  lip.  It  is  well 
figured  in  the  Lindenia,  t.  xiv. 

L.-elia  Measuresiana. 
This  is  "a  compact  growing  evergreen  plant,  with 
clavate  stems,  15  inches  high,  and  dark  green  bluntly 
oblong  leaves,  about  6  inches  long  and  2  inches  broad. 
The  racemes  of  flowers  proceed  from  a  sheath  after 
he  growth  is  completed.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
white,  the  lip  of  a  bright  rosy-purple  beautifully 
fringed  round  the  margin,  the  throat  yellow  with  the 
upper  portion  bordered  with  pale  rose."  It  flowers 
in  May.  The  plant  flowers  in  the  Cattleya-house 
near  the  glass  exposed  to  plenty  of  light,  but  pro- 
tected by  a  blind  from  the  burning  sun,  when  neces- 
sary.     Orchid  Album,  t.  207. 

Orchids  at  Hawthorndean,  Didsbury. 
Some  fine  specimens  of  Dendrobium  are  to  be 
seen  at  this  place  ;  during  the  past  summer  they  have 
done  well,  and  now  that  the  greater  part  have  finished 
their  growth  and  the  bulbs  are  assuming  that  stout, 
plump,  and  shiny  appearance  all  are  glad  to  observe, 
each  one  indicates  the  full  complement  o(  bud  and 
blossom  stored  therein,  which  by  skill  and  care  will 
be  developed.  Some  nice  pieces  of  D.  chysotoxum 
were  on  blocks  and  in  pots,  the  last  bulbs  being 
superior  to  any  previously  formed,  and  though  flower 
cannot  be  expected  from  the  later  bulbs,  the  older 
ones,  being  stout  and  plump,  will  certainly  bring 
good   spikes.      D.   albo-sanguineum    also   does  very 


586 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  iSSj. 


well— in  fact,  much  better  than  it  is  usually  seen. 
Another  line  plant  growing  in  a  basket  is  D.  Pariahii  ; 
ibis  is  a  mass  imported  some  few  years  since,  and 
which  flowered  this  spring  very  freely,  having  over 
260  blooms  of  good  quality.  This  summer  it  his 
made  fourteen  leading  shoots,  measuring  from  15  to 
iS  inches  in  length.  Another  good  plant  in  a  basket 
is  D.  fimbiiatum  oculatum,  with  growth  4  to  5  feet 
long  ;  D.  Pierardi  var,  latifolia  has  new  bulbs  3  feet  in 
length.  Sjme  nice  p'.ump  pieces  of  D.  formosum 
giganteum  were  in  flower.  In  this  house  Lcelia 
auturanalis  was  doing  well  on  a  block,  and  show- 
ing strong  spikes  of  flower.  Calanthe  Veitchii 
were  also  numerous  and  well  grown.  In  a  vineiy  a 
number  of  D.  Wardianum  were  placed.  These  were 
just  commencing  to  show  bud,  and  in  a  short  lime 
will  be  put  in  the  warmer  house  so  as  to  bring  Ihera 
into  flower.  A  nice  piece  of  O.  Forbesii  was  in 
flower.  This  is  on  a  block,  and  has  made  good  bulbs. 
Now  it  is  flowering  with  two  spikes,  having  forty-one 
and  forty-three  flowers  open  altogether.  O.  crispum 
was  also  in  flower,  beside  several  plants  of  O.  Bar- 
kerii  (ligrinum).  Several  nice  pieces  of  the  sweetly 
scented  O.  orniihorhynchum  were  jast  opening  their 
flowers.  In  another  division  were  some  nice  plants 
of  Ciielogyne  cristata,  beside  some  Catlleyas  and 
Cypripediums.  Among  the  latter  was  a  capital  plant 
of  the  dark'foliaged  form  of  C.  Swanianum.  This 
Mr.  Ward  stated  to  be  very  fine  in  form  and  dark  in 
colour  of  the  flowers.  I  noticed  the  open  pots  as 
now  supplied  by  the  Liverpool  Nursery  Company 
were  used  for  some  of  the  Orchids,  and  others  that 
need  potting  are  being  placed  in  them.  Mr.  Ward  is 
disposed  to  think  Ihem  very  useful  (or  this  class  of 
plants.   IV,  Swan,  Faltoivfidd,  Oct.  20. 


Masdevallia  Roe/.lii,  Lindcnia,  t.  xv. 
One   of    the    Chimrera   type,    difi';ring    fron 


the 


species  so  named  in  the  smooih  sepals  and  in  the  lip. 
The  prevailing  colour  is  whitish,  or  cream  colour, 
thickly  beset  with  reddish  spots  and  with  three  long 
purplish  tails.  As  in  the  case  of  most  Masdevallias 
M.  du  Buysson  recommends  it  to  be  grown  in  a  cool 
house  with  abundant  water  during  the  period  of  growth, 
cxprsur:  to  ditTused  light,  and  with  free  ventilation. 
Hot  dry  air  is  very  prejudicial  to  them.  In  the  resting 
state  the  quantity  of  water  given  should  be  less,  but 
the  plant  should  not  be  suffered  to  become  dry. 


THE  DIRECT  CAUSE  OF   PEAR 

BLIGHT. 

The  following  communication    was    read    before 

the  American    Association  for  the  Advancement   of 

Science,  in  August  last  : — 

It  has  now  been  five  years  since  Professor  Burrill 
brought  the  subject  ol  Pear  blight  before  this  Associa- 
tion and  announced  that  it  was  due  to  Bacteria.  Pre- 
vious to  that  time  no  instance  of  Bacteria  acting  the 
)  5'c  of  vegetable  parasites  had  been  known,  and  the 
discovery  was  therefore  a  very  important  one,  open- 
ing the  way  to  a  new  and  promising  field  of  research. 
The  experiments  of  Professor  Burrill  showed  that 
the  disease  alluded  to  was  invariably  accompanied  by 
a  specific  form  of  Bacteria  (since  named  Micrococcus 
amylovurus,  Burrill),  and  that  as  the  disease  pro- 
gressed a  colourless  or  yellowish  viscid  substance  was 
formed,  apparently  by  the  action  of  the  Bacteria  upon 
the  starch  and  other  substances  of  the  plant.  The 
disease  results  in  the  complete  death  of  all  those  parts 
of  the  tree  that  are  attacked. 

Although  from  these  and  subsequent  investigations 
the  theory  has  been  quite  generally  accepted,  that  the 
Bacteria  are  the  cause  of  the  disease,  no  rigid  proof  of 
it  has  yet  been  brought  forward.  It  was  with  a  view 
to  either  absolutely  prove  or  disprove  the  theory  that 
a  course  of  experiments  was  begun  last  March,  and 
continued  to  the  present  time. 

It  has  been  incontestibly  shown  that  the  disease 
may  be  readily  transmitted  to  healthy  tissues  by^intro- 
ducing  a  drop  of  an  infusion  made  by  putting 
some  thin  slices  of  the  diseased  tissues  in  water,* 
or  by  simply  transfeiring  a  minute  portion  of  the 
exudation  from  the  diseased  to  the  healthy  shoot,  t 
The  problem  was  consequently  narrowed  down  to  one 
of  two  alternatives,  either  the  Bacteria  were  the  cause 


of  the  disease,  or  the  juices  which  accompanied  them 
were  ilie  cause  of  it. 

The  first  attempt  was  to  secure  some  inoculating 
material  in  which  the  Bacteria  were  entirely  freed 
from  the  Juices  of  the  disease.  This  was  done  by 
means  of  a  succession  of  artificial  cultures  in  a  steri- 
li  ed  infusion  of  corn  (Maize)  meal. 

Two  series  v;ere  successfully  carried  through,  ex- 
tending over  about  four  months,  and  an  inoculation 
from  the  sixth  culture  of  each  introduced  into  the 
green  fruit  of  a  Baitlett  Pear. 

The  accompanying  tables  will  show  the  kind  of 
culture  vessels  used,  the  amount  of  culture  fluid  they 
contained,  and  the  date  at  which  each  one  was  started. 
The  first  culture  of  the  series  was  infected  with  a  very 


No.  of 

D.-ile  of  In- 

Kind of  Culture 

Amount 

lutture. 

fection. 

Vessel. 
Salmon  culture  tube 

of  Fluid. 

-01 

M.irch  =7   .. 

'20 

30J 

April    .       .. 

Salmon  culture  lube       . . 

20 

i"? 

.\prU=.      .. 

Sternberg  culture  flask.. 

% 

309 

Aprils,      .. 

Sternberg  culture  fl.-iak  . 

li 

3M 

.\l.iy==       .. 

Sternberg  culture  Bask  . .  '       M 

322 

Junes        .. 

Test  tube  with  Fol  stopper        25 

3«4 

July  13      .. 

Bartlett  Pear  on  tree      . . 

small  fragment  of  wood  taken  from  the  inner  portion 
of  a  diseased  limb  of  Flemish  Beauty  Pear,  in  which 
the  disease  had  been  slowly  advancing  during  the 
winter,  from  an  inoculation  made  July  26,  1SS4, 
with  an  infusion  of  blighted  twig  from  an 
Apple    tree.        The     infection    of     each    of    the 


X.j,  of 

Date  of  In- 

Kind of  Culture 

Amount 

Culture. 

fection. 

Ves.^el. 

of  Fluid. 

-01 

.M.->rch27    .. 

Salmon  culture  tube 

20 

302 

April    I       .. 

Salmon  culture  tube 

20 

307 

April  2t     .. 

Sternberg  culture  flask  .. 

li 

309 

-April  24     .  . 

Sternberg  culture  flask  . . 

y. 

310 

April  2;     . . 

Sternberg  culture  flask  . . 

'A 

320 

Junes        ■• 

Test  tut)e  with  Fol  stopper       2s 

362 

July  13      .. 

Bartlett  Pear  on  tree       . . 

'  Arthur,    BttH.  N.    V.   Agric.   Exper.    Statum,    : 
m.  Rep.  N.  V.  Agric.  Exper.  Station,  p.  358. 

.  p-  539  ; 


:  3^1 


other  cultures  of  the  series  was  successively  made 
with  a  small  drop  of  the  one  preceding.  Fiom  the 
last  culture  a  drop  was  transferred  to  a  puncture  in  an 
unripe  Bartlett  Pear.  In  both  cases  the  Tears  were 
soon  filled  with  the  disease.  They  did  not  turn 
brown  about  the  wound,  as  is  the  more  usual  way, 
but  first  indicated  the  presence  of  the  disease  by  be- 
ginning to  shrivel,  which  occurred  in  one  case  in  nine 
days  after  inoculation,  and  in  the  other  in  ten  days. 
Upon  cutting  the  Pears  open  the  softer  tissues  were 
found  broken  down  and  liquefied,  and  a  milky  viscid 
juice  ran  out,  showing  that  the  disease  had  taken 
thorough  possession. 

By  this  means  of  fractional  culture  the  juices  accom- 
panying the  Bicteria  first  introduced  were  so  much 
diluted  in  the  transfers  to  succeeding  cultures  that  the 
final  drop  used  to  inoculate  the  Pear  was  practically 
free  of  them,  and  to  the  Bacteria  only,  supplied  by 
continued  growth  and  multiplication,  can  be  ascribed 
the  last  result. 

Hiving  shown  that  the  Bacteria  when  isolated  from 
their  juices  are  able  to  cause  the  disease,  it  still 
remains  to  show  what  action  the  juices  would  have 
when  separated  from  the  Bacteria.  On  July  iS  a 
strong  infusion  of  blighted  Pear  was  filtered  through 
a  porous  earthenware  vessel,  such  as  used  for  small 
electric  batteries,  and  an  unripe  Bartlett  Pear  inocu- 
lated with  the  filtrate,  and  another  Pear  with  the 
infusion  used  for  filtering.  In  a  week  the  latter  was 
thoroughly  blighted,  while  the  former  showed  no 
signs  c'  injury  except  the  slight  wound,  which  finally 
healed.  On  July  24  another  strong  infusion  of  Pear 
blight  was  filtered  thiough  a  second  battery  cell. 
Both  of  these  cells  were  new  and  had  never  before 
been  used  for  any  purpose.  In  this  case  two  unripe 
Bartlett  Pears  were  inoculated  with  the  unfiltered  in- 
fusion and  two  others  on  the  same  tree  with  the  re- 
sulting filtrate.  Both  the  former  showed  strong 
evidences  of  the  disease  within  three  days,  while  the 
latter  soon  healed  up  the  small  wounds  made  by  the 
inoculation,  ar.fl  have  continued  their  normal  growth. 

The  evidence  i^  thoroughly  satisfactory  and  con- 
clusive. The  Bacteria  accompanying  the  disease  of 
trees  known  as  Pear  blight  when  fully  isolated  will 
produce  the  disease,  while  the  juices  in  which  they 
live  will  not.  They  are  therefore  the  direct  cause  of 
the  disease.  J.  C.  Arthu>\ 


GARDEN    PALMS. 

{Conthtued  from  p.   ^g^.) 

Euterpe,  dejin. — Two  of  the  eight  species  in  this 
genus  are  well  known  in  gardens  as  decorative  Palms, 
though,  propably  owing  to  their  requirements  in 
regard  to  moisture  being  imperfectly  understood,  they 
do  not  always  give  satisfaction,  turning  brown  and 
losing  their  foliage,  even  when  grown  along  with 
other  tropical  Palms.  The  two  species  here  referred 
to  are  E.  edulis  and  E.  oleracea,  and  these  when  wild 
are  found  only  in  moist  wooded  swamps,  and  along 
river  banks,  always  where  there  is  an  abundant 
supply  of  moisture  in  the  earth  and  in  the  atmosphere, 
and  never  on  dry  land.  For  their  cultivation,  there- 
fore, it  will  be  seen  from  this  that  they  require  more 
water  at  the  root  than  the  majority  of  Palms.  When 
properly  treated  they  assume  a  graceful  feathery 
appearance,  their  bright  green,  arching  pinnate 
leaves,  borne  on  the  summit  of  what  looks  like  a 
stem  but  is  really  the  folding  bases  of  the  leaf-staik?, 
being  very  ornamental  and  well  adapted  for  table 
decoration.  They  do  not  stand  rough  usage  aswell 
as  many  other  table  Palms,  and  they  should  be  kept 
wet  at  the  root  at  alt  times.  Wallace,  writing  of 
their  appearance  when  large,  says:  —  ''These  are 
very  elegant  Palms  ;  ihsir  stems  are  lofty,  smooth 
and  faintly  ringed.  The  leaves  are  terminal,  pinnate, 
regular,  and  form  a  graceful  feathery  plume.  The 
bases  of  the  petioles  are  sheathing  for  a  long  distance 
down  the  stem,  forming  a  thick  column  3  or  4  feet 
long,  of  a  green  or  reddish  colour.  The  fruit  is  small, 
globose  (like  the  fruit  of  the  Sloe),  at  first  green,  then 
violet  or  black,  and  consists  of  a  thin  edible  pulp 
covering  the  hard  seed."  A  favourite  drink,  known 
among  the  natives  as  Assai,  is  made  from  this  pulp, 
and  the  undeveloped  leaves  in  the  centre  of  the  stem 
are  cut  out  and  boiled  as  a  vegetable,  which  resembUs 
Artichoke  or  Parsnip,  and  is  said  to  be  very  good  and 
wholesome,  whence  the  name  Cabbage  Palm,  applied 
to  several  species  of  Euterpe.  Qaantities  of  good 
seed  are  imported  from  South  America  into  this 
country,  and  these,  if  sown  in  a  hot  stove  and  kept 
moist,  ought  to  yield  handsome  little  plants  in  about 
two  years.     Seedling  leaves  bipartite. 

The  Palm  figured  in  Bot.  Jl/a^-.^  t.  3S74,  under  the 
name  of  E.  montana,  is  now  placed  in  the  new  genus, 
Prestcea. 

£.  acuminafat  Wendl.  ((Enocarpus  utiHs,  Ki.; 
Oreodoxa  acuminata,  Willd.). — Venezuela. 

E.  CiiuHs^  *' Assai  Palm." — Tropical  America. 

E.  okracca.  Mart.,  "Mountain  Cabbage  Palm" 
(Areca  oleracea,  Jacq.). — Tropical  America,  This 
species,  according  to  Alton's  Horhis  A'ewcusis,  was 
cultivated  in  England  by  Mr.  J.  Tradescant  in  1656, 

Gaussia,  Wt-ndi. 

There  is  only  one  species  of  this  as  yet  imperfectly 
known  genus,  which  is  a  native  of  Cuba,  where  it 
forms  a  stout  upright  stem  of  medium  height,  and 
thickened  out  at  the  base  as  in  the  Hyophorbes,  to 
which  Gaussia  is  closely  related,  and  which  it  re- 
sembles in  all  its  parts,  at  least  as  far  as  can  be  made 
out  from  a  comparison  of  the  plants  at  Kew.  In  the 
thick,  rather  fleshy  petioles  of  the  Gaussia  there  is, 
however,  a  character  by  means  of  which  it  can  be 
distinguishedfromllyophorbe  araaricaulis,  the  stoutest 
of  the  Hyophorbes.  The  Kew  plant  is  about  6  feet 
high,  and  has  a  stem  9  inches  in  diameter,  formed  by 
the  sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves,  and  of  a  pale  brown 
colour.  The  petiole  is  iS  inches  long  and  i^  inch  in 
diameter,  smooth,  round,  pale  green,  the  pinnce  from 
li  to  2  feet  long,  by  ij  inch  broad,  with  a  long 
pointed  tip  and  a  curious  warty  mass  at  the  base,  as  if 
affixed  to  the  rachis  by  means  of  a  lump  of  white  wax. 
The  frond  is  5  feet  long.  The  whole  plant  has  a  soft 
succulent  appearance,  unlike  most  Palms.  Seeds  like 
black  Currants,  the  pulpy  covering  brown,  the  seed 
itself  smooth  and  horny.     Seedling  leaves  not  seen. 

G.  pr'mct-ps^  Wendl.,  Cuba. — Under  this,  we  sup- 
pose, must  be  placed  G.  Ghiesbreghtii,  Wendl., 
known  in  gardens  (RolUson)  as  Oreodoxa  and  Chamre- 
dorea  ventricosa. 

Geonoma,  Willd. 
No  fewer  than  a  hundred  species  are  described  under, 
this  genus,  all  natives  of  Tropical  America.  Fifteen 
of  them  are  cultivated  at  Kew,  and  are  exceedingly 
ornamental,  several  belonging  to  the  few  Palms  which 
find  favour  in  almost  every  garden.  The  cultivated 
kinds  require  a  tropical  temperature,  a  moist  atmo- 
sphere, [and  shade  from  bright  sunshine  ;    they  are, 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


587 


therefore,  suitable  for  planting  in  shady  places  in 
large  stoves,  as,  for  instance,  at  Kew,  in  the  Palm- 
house,  where  they  appear  to  enjoy  the  shade  of  the 
taller  Palms,  which  to  the  majority  of  the  plants  of 
this  order  is  often  hurtful.  The  Geonoraas  delight  in 
plenty  of  root-room  and  a  liberal  supply  of  water, 
The  species  may  be  divided  into  several  groups, 
according  to  the  form  of  their  leaves  and  the  height 
of  their  stems  ;  in  some,  such  as  U.  macrostachys  and 
G.  Pohliana,  the  leaves  area  broad  blade  divided  only 
at  the  apex,  or  sometimes  split  up  into  several  broad 
segments  ;  in  others,  of  which  G.  Seemanni,  G. 
princeps,  and  G.  gracilis,  are  examples,  the  foliage  is 
gracefully  pinnate  and  even  plumose.  There  is  also 
considerable  variety  in  habit  exhibited  in  the  plants 
of  this  genus,  some  forming  a  tuft  of  short  stems, 
as  in  G.  macrostachys,  others  bearing  leaves  a 
long  way  down  the  stem,  which  sgain  is  short 
in  some  kinds  and  tall  in  others.  It  will  be 
seen  that,  as  garden  plants,  the  Geonotr.as  possess 
many  points  of  interest  and  beauty,  their  dwarf, 
graceful,  Bamboo-like  stems,  and  feather-like,  or 
large  entire  leaves,  which  when  young  are  in  sonu 
species  of  a  rich  red-broun  colour,  being  useful 
characters  for  garden  purposes.  In  G.  gracilis  we 
have  a  Palm  which  in  grace  and  eljgarce  rivals  the 
popular  Cocos  Weddelliana,  and  is  quite  as  useful 
for  decorative  work,  G.  Seeraanni  is  another  strik- 
ingly handsome  Palm  with  leaves  entire  when  young, 
pinnate  on  older  plants,  the  petiole  and  rachis  covered 
with  a  dark  brown  scale-like  rust,  and  the  blade  a 
deep  olive-green.  There  is  another  Palm  known  in 
gardens  under  this  name,  with  pinnale  leaves,  the 
pinnx  being  long,  narrow  and  biight  green.  A 
beautiful  pinnate-leaved  Palm,  with  dwarf  stems 
'  springing  up  in  tufts,  and  forming  a  mass  of  dark 
green  graceful  foliage,  ii  known  in  gardens  as  G. 
iMarliana,  but  according  to  the  Gcnc/a  Plantantm 
it  belongs  to  the  genus  Asterogyne.  G.  bacuUfera, 
a  native  of  British  Guiana,  is  remarkable  owing  to  the 
aerial  roots  sent  out  from  the  joints  of  the  stem,  even 
from  the  highest  joints,  and  to  the  development  of 
young  shoots  which  occasionally  start  from  the  sides 
of  the  stem,  but  which,  however,  do  not  grow  to  any 
size. 

The  stems  of  some  of  the  Geonoma'?  are  im- 
ported into  Europe  to  be  made  into  walking-sticks. 
All  the  species  inhabit  moist  forests.  Their  seeds 
are  small,  varying  from  the  size  of  Peppercorns  (G, 
vaga)  to  that  of  a  Hazel-nut  (G.  Spixiana),  the  peri^ 
carp  is  leathery  when  dry,  and  the  seed  horny.  Seed- 
ling leaves  split  at  the  apex. 

(7.  baculifcra,  Kunth  ?  — British  Guiana. 

G.  Carderi,  Hort.  Bull.  — Ilab.  ? 

G,  chirigitensis^  Hort.  Lind. — Hab.  ? 

G.  cuneata,  Wendl. — Coiti  Rica. 

G.  gracilis,  Wend!.— Costa  Rica. 

G.  luacrospatha,  Spruce. ^Amazons. 

G.  macrostachys.  Mart. — Amazons,   British  Guiana, 

G.  ohovata,  Wendl. ^Costa  Rica, 

G.  Pohliana,  Mart. — Brazil. 

G,  princeps,  Hort.  Bull.— Hab.  ? 

G.  fumila,  Wendl. — New  Granada, 

G.  Schottiana,  Mart. — Brazil,  Guiana. 

G.  Seemanni,  Wendl. — Nicaragua. 

G.  Spixiana,  Mart. — Rio  Negro,  Amazons, 

G.  vaj^a,  Griseb.  and  Wendl. — Brazil  and  West 
Indies. 

Glasiova  elegantissima  is  now  placed  in  the  genus 
Cocos. 

Guilielma  speciosa,  the  well-known  Peach  Palm, 
is  now  known  as  Bactiis  major. 

Hedyscepe,  IVendl. 

An  old  garden  plant,  known  as  Veitchia  or  Kentia 
canterburyana,  forms  the  only  species  of  Hedyscepe. 
It  is  a  stout  Palm,  even  when  very  small,  and  is  well 
known  for  its  usefulness  as  a  decorative  plant,  its 
robustness,  the  elegance  of  its  pinnate  leaves,  and  the 
amount  of  rough  usage  it  will  stand,  being  favourable 
to  its  employment  in  this  way.  It  grows  very  rapidly, 
forming  handsome  plants,  2  feet  high,  in  about  two 
years  from  seed.  There  is  a  very  fine  specimen  of  it 
in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew,  with  a  stem  about  25  feet 
high,  I  foot  in  diameter,  bright  green,  with  light 
brown  rings,  and  bearing  a  large  spreading  crown  of 
noble  leaves,  the  petioles  of  which  are  covered  with  a 
brown  mealiness.  The  fruit  is  ellipsoid,  i  \  inch  long, 
the  pericarp  hard  when  dry  ;  seed  with  a  linear  hilum 
extending  far  up  on  one  side.  Seedling  leaves  two- 
lobed. 

H.canUrhuryana^  W,  and  D.,  "  Umbrella  Palm;" 


Kentia   canterburyana,   F.   Muell.  ;   Veitchia  canter- 
buryana, Hort.).— Lord  Howe's  Island. 

IIeterospatha,  Scheff. 

This  is  another  monotypic  genus,  closely  related  to 
Nephrosperma.  It  was  introduced  into  Europe  from 
the  Java  Botanic  Garden  in  1S79,  since  which  time  it 
has  become  well  known  in  gardens,  owing  to  the 
elegance  of  its  pinnate  foliage,  its  compact  habit,  and 
its  assuming  at  an  early  age  a  graceful  habit.  The 
leaves  on  young  plants  have  short  thin  petioles,  and 
segments  about  9  inches  long  by  half  an  inch  wide, 
bright  green,  and  narrowed  upwards  into  a  long 
slender  tapering  point.  It  grows  very  tall,  the  stem 
smooth  and  unarmed,  and  the  leaves  very  long  and 
arching.  The  fruits  are  small,  Pea-shaped,  the  p.'ri- 
carp  rather  soft  and  fleshy  when  fresh.  Seedling 
leaves  not  seen.  Bt^ing  a  native  of  the  island  of 
Amboyna  i?  th:ives  only  when  grown  in  a  moist  stove 
and  kept  well  supplied  with  water  at  the  root. 

//.  elata,  Scheft".  (Melroxylon  elatum,  Ilort.). — ■ 
Amboyna.    //', 

{To  he  c.mihiiicd.^ 


ORXAMEXTAL  AND  SIII£LTER  FENCES. 
We  have  within  the  last  twenty  years  planted  upon 
this  district  of  the  Seafield  estates  over  100  small 
plantations,  groups,  and  belts,  with  the  twofold 
object  of  affording  shelter  and  imparting  beauty  to  the 
landscape.  Now  that  many  of  them  are  grown  up, 
and  fulfilling  the  purposes  intended,  it  may  be 
interesting  and  instructive  to  some  to  know  the 
leading  particulars  relating  to  this  department  of 
forestry.  The  construction  of  ornamental  and  shelter 
plantation?  differs  materially  in  several  respects  from 
that  of  ordinary  planting  for  profit.  Groups,  belts, 
and  strips  of  plantation  g-^nerally  varying  from  half 
an  acre  to  \\  acre,  lers  or  more,  are  scattered  over  the 
whole  estate,  mostly  in  close  proximity  to  farmstead- 
houses  and  cottages.  It  is  really  wonderful  the 
difference  between  a  district  thus  studded  with  groups 
of  trees  and  shelter  belts  in  coa'rast  with  one  bare  and 
destitute  of  ih^ra.  On  this  part  of  the  property  there 
have  been  planted  within  the  last  thirty  years  besides 
the  above  number  of  groups,  nearly  3000  acres  of 
common  plantation,  and  as  miny  of  these,  as  well  as 
the  groups,  are  now  grown  up,  they  impart  a  beauty 
to  the  landscape  such  as  would  be  ditificult  to  find  in 
any  other  country.  The  charmi  of  the  surroundings 
led  a  person  in  my  hearing,  whose  opinion  on  such 
subjects  is  of  value,  to  say  th.it  these  are  not  farm- 
houses merely  but  homes  in  the  true  sense  of  the 
word.  The  Romans  had  no  word  by  which  to 
express  home,  for  the  simple  reason  that  they  knew 
nothing  of  what  we  understand  by  home  comfort. 
To  those  whi  may  be  a1)!>ut  to  undertake  such 
delightful  and  beneficent  work  the  following  direc- 
tions and  suggestions  the  writer  trusts  may  be  found 
useful.  In  the  first  place  plant  as  far  as  practicable 
on  the  north  side  of  the  house  or  steading,  or  on  that 
side  opposite  to  the  sun  at  noon,  for  although  the  pre- 
vailing winds  in  this  country  are  from  the  south  and 
west,  yet  it  is  not  from  these  points  we  need  shelter 
so  much  as  from  the  north  and  east.  Plant  therefore 
on  the  opposite  side  from  the  sun,  and  let  it  be 
observed  that  no  trees  are  planted  so  as  to  shut  out 
the  rays  ot  the  sun  from  the  windows  of  the  dwelling- 
house.  Another  thing  to  be  observed  is  to  plant 
sufficiently  far  from  the  house  that  no  tree  if  blown 
down  will  reach  it.  It  is  a  very  uncomfortable  feeling 
to  live  in  a  house  during  a  gale  when  at  any  moment 
a  tree  might  be  blown  down  and  crush  you  to  death. 
When  at  any  time  it  is  found  that  trees  are  too  close 
to  human  dwellings  the  top  should  either  be  suffi- 
ciently lightened  as  to  obviate  danger,  or  if  that  is 
impracticable,  the  tree  should  be  cut  down,  thereby 
of  the  two  evils  making  choice  of  the  least. 

Our  practice  is  to  plant  most  extensively  near  the 
dwellings  such  trees  as  bear  free  lopping  or  pruning 
with  impunity  and  do  not  so  much  attain  height,  as 
spread  and  grow  bushy.  For  this  purpose  the  Moun- 
tain Ash  is  an  old  and  deserving  favourite,  as  all 
know  and  can  testify  who  have  have  ever  seen  it 
grown  to  perfection.  The  Pear  is  also  well  adapted  for 
such  planting  and  so  also  are  the  Crab,  Apple,  Haw- 
thorn, Willow,  Bird  Cherry,  and  Elder.  Such  groups 
we  have  endeavoured  to  plant  e)(tensively  with  all 


species  known  to  be  truly  hardy,  long-lived, 
and  adapted  to  the  soil,  climate,  and  situation  in 
which  they  are  permanently  to  grow.  We  have,  theie* 
fore,  made  use  of  one  or  other  of  almost  all  the 
hardiest  trees  and  shrubs  in  cultivation  for  the  varied 
situations,  conditions,  and  circumstances  for  which 
they  are  required.  Common  Beech  has  been  freely 
used,  and  few  groups  planted  without  some  Sycamore 
trees  being  in  them.  The  trembling  Poplar  ii 
deservedly  a  great  favourite  in  the  small  group,  and 
well  deserves  more  attention  than  it  has  hitherto 
received.  A  few  Maples  interspersed  are  also  of 
great  advantage  for  the  landscape  efft;ct.  The 
display  of  flowers  in  early  spring,  and  the  golden, 
scarlet,  crimson,  and  orange  tints  of  autumn  speak 
eloquently  in  its  praise.  The  Elder,  especially  some 
of  the  bright  coloured  new  varieties,  is  also  deserving 
of  a  place  in  the  foreground  of  groups.  The  groups 
in  general  have  been  planted  near  new  houses,  and 
the  cry  invariably  is,  Plant  large  trees  and  fast 
growers,  so  that  we  may  hive  immediate  shelter  and 
comfort  afforded  by  them  in  our  own  djy.  It  is  here 
the  home  nursery  is  of  immense  advantage,  and  for 
ths.1  purpose  more  than  anything  else  ours  has  been 
valuable.  The  size  of  trees  to  be  recommended  for 
this  purpose  is  from  10  to  12  feet  high,  well  branched 
and  well  rooted,  and,  in  addition  to  those  above- 
named,  Lime,  Horse  Chestnut,  Spanish  Chestnut, 
Sycamore,  Puplars,  Elm,  Birch,  Silver  Firs,  Abis* 
pectinata,  ^.  nobilis,  and  A.  Nordmanniana  have 
been  freely  planted.  Of  shrubs  the  Sea  Buckthorn  and 
Eider  stand  first  in  order  of  hardiness,  and  next  to  these 
as  evergreens  the  Rhododendron,  Laurel,  Bay,  and  Box, 
and  the  Ivy,  Honeysuckle,  and  S-veet  Biier  also  find 
a  subordinate  place.  In  very  exposed  places  and  in 
bid  soils  the  very  hardiest  plants  had  to  be  chosen, 
while  in  sheltered  places  with  genial  soil  more  choice 
could  be  made  and  favourite  plants  selected.  It  has 
to  be  observed  that  fine  and  choice  plants  have  not 
been  thought  of  for  such  planting,  because  they  ara 
not  usually  fitted  to  bear  the  exposure,  &:c.,  and 
because  they  are  too  expensive. 

The  next  thing  to  attend  to  after  planting,  and 
making  good  blanks  where  they  occur,  is  to  thin  them 
out  in  the  manner  best  suited  to  the  circumstances. 
Every  species  and  individual  tree  requires  to  be  grown 
under  such  conditions  as  favour  it  for  all  the  purposes 
for  which  it  was  originally  planted.  Park  trees,  or 
such  as  are  grown  singly  and  with  full  freedom  for 
their  development,  attain  to  the  greatest  age  and 
remain  sound  for  the  longest  period.  Thinning,  then, 
is  a  work  of  vital  importance,  and  which,  if  properly 
done,  yields  splendid  results,  but  if  neglected  defeats 
in  a  great  measure  the  whole  undertaking.  The 
primary  object  in  view  is  shelter,  and  not  timber  of  a 
remunerative  character,  therefore  thinning  should  be 
so  managed  as  to  induce  low  bushy  trees,  with  short 
stems  and  spreading  roots,  which  point  out  in  the 
first  place  the  necessity  of  early  thinning,  in  the 
second  place  the  need  for  prolonging  it  beyond  the 
period  when  it  should  cease  in  purely  profitable  tree 
culture.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  drawn-up, 
slender  trees  afford  but  little  shelter  and  are  not  what 
is  required,  but,  on  the  contrary,  low  bushy  spreading 
ones.  Trees  thus  planted  where  a  dwelling-house  is 
built  should  survive  at  least  as  long  as  the  original 
structure  lasts,  when  both  it  and  they  have  fulfilled 
their  allotted  purposes.  C.  K.  Michie,  Culkn  House^ 
Oil.  12. 

Felling. 
As  the  present  month  is  a  good  time  to  fell  timber, 
and  also  the  most  convenient  and  suitable  one  for  the 
farmers  to  have  them  removed  from  their  fields,  all 
hedgerows  and  park  trees  may  now  be  taken  down 
and  disposed  of.  Where  single  or  scattered  trees  are 
to  be  removed  grubbing  had  better  be  resorted  to  ;  but 
in  the  case  of  hedgerow  trees  this  cannot  well  be 
done  without,  to  some  extent  at  least,  damaging  the 
existing  fences,  both  by  injury  to  the  intruding  roots, 
and  the  forming  of  unsightly  'gaps  in  the  hedges. 
The  most  judicious  mode  of  feUing  isolated  park  trees 
is  by  grubbing  up,  or  taking  the  solid  part  of  the 
root  with  the  bole,  for  the  expense  of  taking  uf)  the 
roots  afterwards,  when  either  planting  or  tillage 
demands  it,  will  be  found  to  far  exceed  that  of  taking 
up  the  root  with  the  stem  In  the  first  instance.  As 
the  felling  of  timber  is  an  operation  which  calls  for 
the  greatest  care,  skill,  and  judgment  in  the  work- 
men, the  following  remarks  upon  it  will  at  the  pre- 
sent time  not  be  out  of  place.  The  tools  commonly 
in  use  for  felling  are  the  cross-cut  saw,  hand-pruning 
saw,  axe,  and  hand-bill, 


588 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[NOVtMBER    7, 


Having  first  fixed  upon  the  position  in  which  the 
tree  is  to  be  laid  or  felled,  one  of  the  workmen,  who 
has  been  told  ofif  for  the  operation,  should  next 
compare  the  size  of  head  with  the  space  available 
for  its  fall,  and  lop  off  any  branches  likely  to 
interfere  with,  or  cause  damage  to  the  neighbouring 
trees.  After  this,  or  previous  to  it,  as  found  con- 
venient, the  tree  should  be  "  laid  in,"  that  is,  dressed 
round  with  an  axe  as  near  the  surface  of  the  ground 
as  possible,  all  inequalities  of  the  stem  likely  to 
impede  the  progress  of  the  saw  being  removed.  A 
triangular  notch  should  then  be  cut  out  exactly  at 
right  angles  with  the  line  of  fall,  the  saw  being 
inserted  on  the  opposite  side  and  worked  parallel  with 
the  notch  until  the  tree  is  felled.  Wedges  to  save 
the  saw  may  be  inserted  and  driven  home  as  the  work 
proceeds,  but  this  is  seldom  necessary  unless  in  the 
case  of  weighty  timber.  An  expert  hand  at  felling 
will  usually  lay  a  tree  within  a  few  feet  of  the  line 
selected,  more  particularly  during  calm  weather,  but 
on  a  windy  day,  or  when  working  in  a  very  close 
plantation,  the  use  of  a  guide  rope  is  to  be  recom- 
mended. During  dry  or  frosty  weather  have  all 
timber  dragged  or  otherwise  conveyed  from  fields  and 
parks,  firewood  and  bi<anches  disposed  of  or  made 
into  faggots,  and  such  ruts  or  surface  inequalities  as 
may  have  been  occasioned  by  removal  filled  up  and 
levelled  over,  so  that  a  neat  tidy  appearance  may  at 
all  times  be  maintained. 

Planting. 
The  exessive  wet  of  the  past  monlh  has,  in  most 
districts,  but  more  particularly  on  stiff  retentive  soils, 
conside5ably  retarded  the  progress  of  planting.  As 
soon,  however,  as  a  favourable  change  sets  in  all  the 
available  lorce  should  be  concentrated  on  this  im- 
portant operation,  and  the  work  assiduously  prosecuted 
until  it  is  considered  well  in  hand.  The  planting  of 
wet  plastic  soils  should  be  carefully  guarded  against, 
as  it  is  productive  of  anything  but  good.  Peat  bog 
or  cold  stiff  clays  should  in  all  cases  be  planted  in 
spring — these  being  the  only  exceptions  to  our  oft- 
recommended  policy  of  autumn  planting — but  it  is  well 
to  have  the  pits  opened  for  some  time  previous,  as  the 
ameliorating  influence  of  the  winter  frosts  on  the  soil 
is  of  paramount  importance.  A.  D.  Webster,  Penrhyn 
Castle. 


infer  that  the  insects  are  plentiful,  and  their  fertilising 
influence  great  in  the  thickly  populated  colonies,  and 
that  the  certainty  of  being  fecundated  in  sufficient 
quantity,  and  the  early  stage  of  the  barely  matured 
flower  in  which  it  takes  place  act  as  steadily  dege- 
nerating influences  ;  while  on  the  other  hand,  where 
the  fertilising  insect  is,  and  has  been  from  some 
cause  or  other,  scarce  for  a  long  period  the  flowers 
to  offer  additional  attraction  steadily  progress  in 
the  expansion  of  their  floral  segments,  and  eKhibit 
tinting  and  marking  not  necessary  to  their  humbler 
brethren  (which  we  call  bad  varieties),  whose  position 
for  themselves  and  posterity  is  secured.  [Can  it  be 
that  the  bad  varieties  are  close-fertilised  and  do  not 
require  Insect  aid  ?  There  is  some  evidence  in  support 
of  this,  at  least  occasionally.   Ed.] 

It  does  not  seem  difficult  to  imagine  that  plants  de- 
barred from  producing  fruits  and  having  plenty  of 
room  might  easily  improve  in  the  size,  form,  and 
substance  of  their  flowers,  while  those  which  had 
to  bear  fruits  frequently  and  were  in  consequence 
densely  crowded,  would,  from  a  gardener's  point  of 
view,  be  inferior  in  the  quality  of  their  infloresence,  and 
hence,  perhaps,  the  fame  of  the  Odontoglossums  from 
certain  districts  and  the  rejection  of  them  from  others. 

Such   and  more  wonderful   things  are  continually 


in  advance  of  all  the  others.  It  will  be  hard  to  beat, 
and  whoever  flowers  one  as  good  may  command  a 
price  in  three  figures  for  it.  Its  large  broad-petalled 
flowers  are  thick  in  texture,  white,  wonderfully  tinged 
with  rose,  and  heavily  blotched  with  purplish-crim- 
son. Baron  Schroeder  has  it  among  his  Orchid 
treasures,  and  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it 
at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  June,  18S4. 

O.  c.  GUTTATUM. — This  was  flowered  in  1867  by 
Wilson  Saunders,  Esq.,  of  Reigate.  Its  flowers  are 
not  very  broad  in  the  segments,  clear  white,  blotched 
with  reddish  mauve.  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  received 
a  First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  April,  1SS4. 

O.  c.  GUTTATUM  ROSEUM. — A  very  handsome 
form  of  the  preceding,  with  sepals  and  petals  clear 
white,  blotched  and  washed  with  rosy-purple  in  a 
very  curious  manner.  First-class  Certificate,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  to  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co., 
Tune,  1884.  For  our  illustrarion  (fig.  135)  we  are 
indebted  to  Mr.  PoUett. 

O.  c.  Bluntii. —  This  was  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Marshall  in  1865,  and  received  a  First-class  Certi- 
ficate as  a  distinct  species ;  it  is  now  only  considered 
a  good  ordinary  crispum. 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

i.Co,.li„ned/rcm  /.   239.) 
ODONTOGLOSSUM       CRISPUM       (ALEXANDR/E).    — 

Although  described  years  before  from  Hartweg's 
specimens,  and  the  memory  of  it  frequently  refreshed 
from  various  sources,  but  little  was  known  of  the 
beauty  of  this  lovely  Orchid  before  the  specimens 
sent  by  Weir  and  Blunt  bloomed  in  this  country. 
In  1S65  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.  obtained  a  First- 
class  Certificate  for  it  under  the  name  of  O.  Alex- 
andrce,  and  from  that  time  it  has  steadily  increased 
in  public  favour  until  now  it  is  of  all  Orchids  the 
greatest  favourite.  ,  Despite  the  right  of  priority 
for  the  name  crispum,  that  given  to  it  in  honour  of 
our  charming  Princess  has  steadily  gained  ground, 
and  bids  fair  to  take  the  place  of  the  other,  in  gardens 
at  least  ;  here  it  will  be  sufficient  to  say  that  both 
names  apply  to  the  same  plant. 

Considering  the  extraordinary  variability  exhibited 
by  the  species  in  the  size,  shape,  and  colouring  of  the 
flowers,  and  bearing  in  mind  the  fact  of  cross-fertili- 
sation by  insect  aid,  it  may  not  be  waste  of  time  to  offer 
a  few  suggestions  as  to  the  part  which  the  abundance 
or  scarcity  of  the  insect  which  affects  O.  crispum 
may  play  in  inducing  those  extraordinary  variations. 
It  is  now  well  known  that  everything  depends  on 
the  locality  from  which  this  plant  is  gathered,  and 
that  while  some  localities  give  only  poor  and  narrow 
petalled  forms,  others  yield  round,  broad  petalled 
varieties,  among  which  the  poor  starry  kinds  never 
appear.  When  speaking  with  the  late  Mr.  J.  H, 
Chesterton,  who  was  so  successful  in  introducing  the 
best  shaped  forms,  he  told  me  that  the  better  the 
strain  the  more  thinly  distributed  were  the  plants,  and 
that  the  bad  varieties  were  always  to  be  found  in 
certain  localities  in  abundance];  so  correct  did  he  con- 
sider this  test  that  he  expressed  the  opinion  that  if  a 
collector  came  across  O.  crispum  thickly  distributed 
and  easily  obtainable,  he  had  better  have  nothing  to 
do  with  it,  as  the  varieties  were  sure  to  be  had.  This 
seems  to  indicate  that  they  are  reproduced  from  seeds 
freely  in  some  localities,  and  sparsely  in  others  in 
which  the  varieties  are  the  best.     We  mny  therefore 


Fig.    135.— ODONTOGLOSSUM  GUTTATt;M   ROSEUM, 


going  on  in  Nature  ;  those  among  us  who  have  lived 
a  good  part  of  a  lifetime  among  plants  see  many 
wonderful  effects,  and  it  is  never  idle  to  speculate  as 
to  their  causes,  for  by  so  doing  we  must  needs  gain 
knowledge  in  the  main  even  if  we  often  err. 

With  respect  to  the  names  given  to  the  varieties 
of  O.  crispum  it  is  now  generally  understood  that 
whoever  gets  a  remarkably  fine  and  distinct  variety 
names  it  himself  in  the  same  manner  as  a  raiser  of  a 
florist's  flower  would  do.  This  is  the  wisest  course  in  a 
class  so  subject  to  variation,  and  in  which  fine  forms 
are  of  such  great  value  that  a  distinguishing  name  is 
necessary  for  the  guidance  of  the  owner  as  well  as  the 
public,  and  for  the  identification  of  the  variety  should 
it  ever  be  figured.  [The  distinguishing  name  in  such 
cases  should  be  in  English,  or  if  in  Latin  then  it 
should  be  constructed  so  as  not  to  mislead  the  reader 
and  make  him  suppose  that  a  botanical  variety,  duly 
chronicled,  registered,  and  described,  is  intended.  A 
fancy  name  should  be  a  fancy  name.  Ed.]  For  my 
part  so  distinct  do  I  consider  the  named  varieties 
that  I  rarely  forget  the  features  of  one  of  them,  or 
fail  to  recognise  it  when  I  see  it  again.  Although 
they  are  so  distinct  to  the  eye  their  description  is  a 
very  difficult  task.  The  following  list  enumerates 
most  of  the  fine  named  varieties  :^ 

O.  c.  Veitchianum. — This  wonderful  variety  of 
Messrs.  lames  Veitch  &  Sins  is  certainly  a  long  way 


O.  c.  Bowmani,  named  in  1867,  has  rather 
narrow  segments,  white,  sparelyspottedwith  dark  rose. 

O.  c.  Josephin.'e. — This  is  a  very  fine  form  with 
large  flowers,  which  seem  to  have  a  trace  of  O. 
Andersonianum  in  them.  The  flowers  are  white 
distinctly  spotted  with  brownish  -  crimson,  sepals 
faintly  marked  with  rose.  R.  li.  Measures,  Esq.,  of 
The  Woodlands,  Seatham,  has  it  in  his  collection. 

O.  c.  ROSEUM  punctatissimum  represents  quite 
a  new  type  with  large  perfectly  formed  flowers,  suf- 
fused with  purplish-rose  and  blotched  on  the  labellum 
with  crimson.  The  flowers  are  profusely  dotted  with 
mauve,  and  that  constitutes  the  chief  peculiarity,  as 
no  trace  of  such  marking  has  been  seen  until  lately. 
H.  M.  Pollett,  Esq.,  ot  Fernside,  Bickley,  received  a 
First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  May,  1S85. 

O.  c.  LILACINUM  is  of  the  same  novel  strain  as 
the  last-named.  Its  rosy  flowers  are  tinged  with 
lilac  and  blotched  with  cinnamon-red.  Mr.  Pollett 
received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  May,  1885. 

O.  c.  Ballantinei. — A  most  beautiful  variety, 
with  flowers  of  medium  size,  the  overlapping  sepals 
and  petals  being  white  heavily  blotched  with  chest- 
nut-brown, in  such  a  manner  that  the  markings  seem 
to  run  into  each  other.  It  was  named  in  honour  of 
Mr.    Ballantine,    who   so   ably  presides   over   Baron 


November  7,   1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


589 


Schroeder's  gardens,  and  received  a  First-class  Certifi- 
cate at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Socciety,  May,  1SS4. 

O.  c.  DELLIENSE. — This  is  another  of  Baron 
Schroeder's  fine  varieties.  Flowers  white,  prettily 
spotted  with  light  brown,  the  blooms  being  very 
compactly  set  on  the  spikes,  First-class  Certificate, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  May,  1SS4. 

O.  c.  Trian.i;  is  one  of  the  old  figured  kinds 
sent  by  Dr.  Triana,  who  says  he  got  it  10  leagues 
from  Bogota,  at  an  elevation  of  7000— Sooo  feet. 
It  has  large  white  flowers  with  pink  tinged  sepals, 
the  main  peculiarity  being  that  each  sepal  has  a 
cluster  of  spots  running  into  each  other  and  forming 
one  large  blotch  on  each. 

O.  c.  VIRGINALE  is  One  of  the  most  chaste  and 
rarest  of  the  varieties.  Its  flowers  are  snow-white, 
the  only  colour  being  a  slight  pale  yellow  tinge  on 
the  lip.  Messrs.  Shultleworlh,  Carder  &  Co.  recently 
flowered  a  superb  form  of  it.  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams 
was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  for  O.  c.  vir* 
ginale  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  November, 
1882. 

O.  c.  GUTTATUM  FASTUOSUM.— This  beautiful 
thing  approaches  O.  c.  Veitchianum  in  some  degree. 


O.  c.  Duchess. — This  is  also  one  of  Mr.  Stevens' 
varieties.  It  has  large  beautifully  crimped,  white 
flowers.  First-class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  November,  1SS2. 

O.  c.  DORMANIANUM  is  an  excellent  form  with 
large  white  flowers  beautifully  crisped  and  fringed, 
and  heavily  blotched  with  chocolate-brown.  Mr. 
Dorman  of  Sydenham  received  a  P'irst-class  Certificate 
for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  November, 
1SS2. 

O.  c.  JOHNSONi. — This  is  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful of  Odontoglots,  with  large  blush-coloured  flowers 
of  perfect  form,  heavily  blotched  with  yellowish- 
brown,  and  forming  an  unusual  contrast  in  colouring. 
Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.  were  awarded  a  Botanical 
Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  June, 
1S85. 

O.  c.  RosEO-PUNCTATUM  is  another  of  Mr. 
Sander's  introduction.  Its  losy  flowers  are  prettily 
fringed  on  the  petals  and  dotted  with  brown.  Botani- 
cal Certificate,  Royal  Botanic  Society,  June,  1SS5. 

O.  c.  Phal/ENOPSIS  reminds  one  of  a  Phalsnopsis 
Schilleriana,  so  broad  are  its  segments,  and  bright  its 
pink  tint.     It   has  a  few  brown  dots  on  the  petals. 


Fig,    136.  -ODONTOGLOSSUM    VAR.    STEVENSII. 


cultural  Society  in  May,  1SS2,  and  to  Mr.  B.  S. 
Williams  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Society.  G.  Nevile 
Wyatt,  Esq.,  of  Lake  House,  Cheltenham,  exhibited  a 
fine  form  of  it  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Show  this  summer. 
Sepals  and  petals  pure  white,  very  broad  and  flat. 

O.  c.  GKANDIFLORUM  is  one  of  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams' 
ceitificated  varieties,  with  remarkably  large  white 
crimped  petalled  flowers.  It  was  certificated  to  B.  S, 
Williams  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  April,  1883. 

O.  c.  RoTHSCHiLDIANUM. — This  is  a  very  hand- 
some kind,  flowered  by  Mr.  Bradshaw,  gardener  to 
Baron  F.  de  Rothschild,  at  Waddesdon.  It  has 
large,  wavy-edged,  mauve-tinted  flowers,  the  sepals 
having  each  one  large  dark  red  blotch,  and  being 
heavily  tinged  with  violet,  especially  at  the  back  ;  lip 
bright  yellow  at  the  base.  James  O'Brien. 
(To  It  conthtm-d.') 


its  flowers  being  prettily  tinged  and  flaked  with  rose, 
and  blotched  with  purplish-crimson.  Perhaps  the 
best  form  of  it  yet  flowered  is  that  which  F.  C. 
Jacomb,  Esq.,  bloomed  this  year  out  of  Mr.  Low's 
importation. 

O.  c.  Sanderianum  also  approaches  Veitchianum, 
and  is  a  rich  and  lovely  thing.  Sepals  and  petals 
heavily  mottled  and  blotched  with  reddish-mauve, 
crest  yellow.  Baron  Schroeder  exhibited  it  at  the 
Orchid  Conference,  May,  1885,  where  it  was  awarded 
a  First-class  Certificate. 

O.  c.  CooKSONi  is  a  grand  form,  with  pure  white 
flowers  profusely  sprinkled  with  large  spots  of  deep 
purple.  N.  C.  Cookson,  Esq.,  of  Wylam-on-Tyne, 
received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Orchid 
Conference,  May,  1885. 

O.  c.  Souvenir  du  Prince  Leopold.— This  is  a 
gigantic  form  with  pure  white  sepals  and  petals,  and 
broad  labellum  richly  spotted  with  chestnut-brown. 
Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  got  a  First-class  Certificate 
for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  June,  1S84. 
O.  c.  WiLSONi  has  large  broad-petalled  flowers, 
blush-white,  with  large  blotches  of  chocolate-brown. 
Mr.  Stevens,  gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  at 
Trentham,  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it  at 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  November,  18S2. 


Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.  received  a  Botanical  Certifi- 
cate for  it  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  June,  18S5. 

O.  c.  Regin.-e. — This  is  a  noble  form  with  very 
large  flowers,  clearly  marked  with  reddish-brown — 
the  bright  yellow  of  the  labellum,  and  the  crimson 
tint  of  the  column  rendering  it  very  effective.  F.  A, 
Philbrick,  Esq.,  of  Oldfield,  Bickley,  exhibited  it  at 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  in  April,  18S1,  when 
it  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate. 

O.  C.  ROSEUM. — This  name  is  applied  generally  to 
all  forms  of  a  good  rose  tint,  but  some  are  much 
better  than  others.  Messrs.  W.  Thomson  &  Son, 
of  Tweed  Vineyards,  Clovenfords,  have  flowered 
several  bright  rose  forms  equal  in  form,  size,  and 
substance  to  the  variety  giganteum. 

O.  c.  Stevensii. — Sepals  and  petals  very  broad, 
pure  white,  with  heavy  transverse  blotches  of  choco- 
late, labellum  large  and  blotched  with  red.  Mr. 
Stevens,  of  Trentham,  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  March,  1882. 
For  our  illustration  (fig.  136)  we  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Pollett. 

O.  c.  GiOANTEtJM. — This  has  become  rather  a 
hackneyed  name,  although  there  are  many  to  which 
it  might  well  be  applied,  as  well  as  to  the  original 
plants  certificated  to  Mr.  Warner  at  the  Royal  Horti- 


ABOUT    PEAR    RAISING. 

If  I  am  right  in  the  assumption  that  seedling  fruit 
trees,  and  particularly  Apples  and  Pears,  derive 
certain  acquired  tendencies  and  peculiarities  from 
their  native  soils  and  climate,  and  consequently 
thrive  and  produce  the  best  results  when  grown  in 
the  localities  which  gave  them  birth,  or  in  others 
which  atTord  the  same  congenial  circumstances,  it 
is  surely  a  matter  worth  the  attention  of  fruit  growers 
of  every  dagree  to  devote  some  attention  to  the  subject 
of  obtaining  new  fruits  more  suitable  to  their  own  par- 
ticular district  than  those  which  originated  in  a  warmer 
climate.  It  must  be  adrhitted  that  seedling  Pears  are 
provokingly  long  before  they  produce  fruit,  and  scores 
may  be  raised  without  anything  of  very  superior 
excellence  being  obtained  ;  still,  there  is  always  a 
chance,  and  an  Apple  or  Pear  of  acknowledged  value 
is  sure  of  a  good  price  ;  and,  besides,  it  is  an  enor- 
mous privilege  to  signalise  one's  horticultural  career 
by  raising  a  good  fruit,  be  it  Apple  or  Pear.  The 
late  Mr.  Huyshe  was  singularly  fortunate  in  obtain- 
ing four  good  Pears  from  a  small  batch  of  seedlings. 
But  these  Pears  illustrate  my  opening  remark — they 
are  infinitely  better  in  the  locality  in  which  they  were 
raised  than  in  more  northerly  districts.  My  father's 
British  Queen  has,  however,  a  range  beyond  Frog- 
more,  which  stamps  its  merit  as  a  very  superior  Pear. 
There  was  another  seedling  also  raised  at  Frogmore 
which  I  thought  when  I  first  tasted  it  as  incomparably 
the  most  delicious  fruit  I  had  ever  met  with  ;  it  was 
named  Golden  Russet ;  but  it  greatly  disappointed 
me  since,  proving  only  of  local  excellence.  I  grafted 
it  on  trained  wall  trees  with  every  advantage  of  aspect, 
but,  alas  !  it  failed  in  its  early  promise,  and  in  this 
north  Midland  district  it  has  never  approached  the 
position  of  a  second-class  Pear. 

The  high  quality  of  Winter  Nelis,  and  its  marked 
peculiarities  of  habit  and  distinct  foliage,  suggested 
to  me  the  idea  of  originating  a  race  of  Pears  which, 
while  possessing  its  distinguishing  features,  might  also 
offer  greater  vigour,  and  an  extension  of  season. 
Pursuing  this  idea  I  raised  many  seedlings  from  this 
delicious  Pear,  but  hitherto  nothing  better  than  the 
parent  has  appeared  to  reward  my  attempt  at  extend- 
ing the  list  of  English  Pears.  I  have  yet  to  find  the 
right  seed  parent. 

I  hope  my  suggestions  and  instances  of  success  and 
failure  may  induce  fruit  growers  to  try  what  yet  can 
be  done  in  raising  new  Pears.  Some  of  our  best 
Apples  have  been  raised  by  amateurs.  We  have  at 
present  in  cultivation  several  good  Apples,  the  result 
of  single  seeds  deposited  in  odd  corners  of  small 
gardens  by  cottagers.  Bess  Poole  Apple,  so  highly 
valued  in  this  district,  was  thus  raised  by  the  lady 
whose  name  it  bears.  Betty  Geeson  sprang  from  a 
pip  sown  by  a  peasant  woman  ;  and  Bramley  Seedling 
is  anotherinstance  of  success  in  Apple  raising  by  unpro- 
fessional people.  I  should  like  to  suggest  to  any  one 
who  has  an  idea  of  conferring  that  benefit  on  his  own 
particular  district,  if  not  on  the  country  at  large,  by 
originating  Pears  superior  to  those  we  now  possess  in 
some  degree,  to  select  as  parents  those  sorts  which 
possess  the  great  merit  of  keeping  in  perfection  alter 
attaining  ripeness.  As  is  well  known,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  our  high  quality  Pears  are  no  sooner  ripe 
than  they  change  to  sleepiness  or  rottenness ;  but 
such  fine  old  sorts  as  Crassane,  Knight's  Monarch, 
Beurre  Ranee,  remain  after  reaching  the  period  of 
ripeness  for  some  weeks.  This  may  be  due  to  the 
leathery   skin    which    Pears  having   this    peculiarity 


possess. 


To  obtain  a  Marie  Louise  and  Bon  Chre'ien 


which  would  keep  for  some  time  would  be  indeed  a 
boon.  It  certainly  seems  to  me  that  this  is  one  of  the 
points  that  should  be  sought  for  in  raising  new  Pears, 
W.  Ingram,  Belvoir,  Oct.  28. 


590 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  18 


AGRICULTURAL    RETURNS   OF 

GREAT    BRITAIN. 

The  following  are  among  Ihe  general  results    of 

the   returns   which  have    been    obtained   for    Great 

Britain  :  — 

The  area  reported  in  1SS5  to  be  under  all  kinds  of 
crops,  bare  fallow  and  grass,  exclusive  of  heath  and 
mountain  land,  and  of  woods  and  plantation^, 
amounts  to  32,544,00:)  acres,  as  compared  with 
32,465,000  acres  in  the  previous  year,  showing  an 
increase  of  about  79,000  acres.  The  respective  addi- 
tions in  each  division  are  nearly  36,000  acres  for 
England,  under  9000  acres  for  Wales,  and  about 
34,000  for  Scotland.  Some  small  portion  of  the 
increase  is  doubtless  due  to  the  more  accurate  returns 
made  by  farmers,  but  the  reports  of  the  collectors 
s'ale  that  the  greater  part  is  caused  by  the  enclosure 
and  reclamation  of  moor,  or  heath,  and  waste  land 
in  ditTerent  parts  of  the  country. 

With  regard  to  the  details  of  particular  crops  in 
Great  Britain,  the  most  noticeable  features  as  regards 
corn  crops,  apart  from  the  decrease  in  the  total,  seem 
to  be  that  there  is  a  considerable  diminution  ot  the 
area  under  Wheat,  and  an  increase  in  that  under 
Barley  and  Oats.  The  total  quantity  of  land  returned 
under  Wheat  in  the  present  year  is  2,478,000  acres, 
or  198,000  acres  (equal  to  7  4  per  cent.)  less  than  in 
18S4,  and  a  decrease  of  134,800  acres  {or  5.2  per 
cent.)  as  compared  with  1SS3,  when  the  breadth  was 
less  than  had  previously  been  recorded.  The  diminu- 
tion of  the  area  under  Wheat  in  1SS5  is  almost 
unanimously  slated  by  the  collectors  to  have  been 
caused  by  the  low  prices  obtainable  for  this  grain  in 
the  autumn  and  winter  of  1SS4,  as  the  seed-time  was 
generally  of  a  highly  favourable  character  in  most 
localities. 

They  observe,  likewise,  that  the  tendency  among 
farmers  to  devote  more  land  year  after  year  to  breed- 
ing and  grazing  stock,  as  offering  prospects  of  better 
results,  has  again  grea.ly  influenced  the  more  limited 
acreage  of  this  cereal  in  all  districts  where  the  nature 
of  the  soil  and  climate  do  not  generally  promise  the 
probability  of  large  crops,  and  the  returns  in  the  aggre- 
gate confirm  the  correctness  of  their  statements.  In 
reference  to  one  or  two  counties,  it  is  added  that, 
were  it  not  for  the  imperative  requirement  of  straw 
in  which  farmers  still  find  an  inducement  to  grow 
Wheat,  its  diminution  would  there  have  been  greater 
even  than  it  is. 

As  regards  green  crops  in  Great  Britain  in  1885, 
Potatos  were  planted  on  548,000  acres,  a  decrease  of 
16,000  acres,  or  2.9  per  cent,  as  compared  with 
1884.  Some  of  the  reports  attribute  the  lessened 
area  planted  to  the  reasons  given  for  the  deficient 
acreage  of  Wheat,  namely,  the  unremunerative  prices 
caused  by  the  large  crops  of  last  year.  The  variation, 
however,  is  only  in  ordinary  course,  as  the  acreage  of 
1885  has  been  but  seldom  exceeded. 

Turnips  and  Swedes  have  declined,  they  were  this 
year  returned  as  grown  on  2,015,000  against  2,027,000 
acres  in  1884. 

Mangels  have  increased  by  27,000  acres,  and 
Vetches,  Lucerne. and othergreen  crops  unenumerated, 
have  increased  by  35,000  acres.  The  total  area  o( 
green  crops  thus  amounts  to  3,521,000  acres,  an  in- 
crease of  nearly  34000  over  the  figures  of  the 
preceding  year. 

The  extended  acreage  of  Sugar  Beet,  mentioned  in 
last  yeai's  report  as  having  been  returned  in  Suflfolk, 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  continued. 

The  following  table  shows  the  acreage  devoted  to 
different  purposes  in  1SS4  and  1SS5  as  returned  on 
June  4  each  year : — 


Nuts  (cdlWe). 

Almonfl*  Sl.:o5  cwt. 

Principally  used  as  fruit      . .         . .         (bcc  values). 

VcgelabUs  (raw). 

Pot^'os  2.444,160  c«-t. 

Onions.,  ..  ..         ..  ..      8,037,406  bustiels. 

Unenumerated  (see  values,. 

Values. 
Fruit  (raw). 

Applet ;^7S6.4i5 

Oranges  and  Lemons  1,776.057 

Not  othtrwiae  described 1. 345, 537 

Total  . .  . .  . .       £)'i,<^^,'^^^ 

Nuts(eiil,Ie). 

Almonds  ;i^70,TS3 

Principally  used  as  fruit 557.949 

Total  ^£328,091) 

Vegetables  (r.aw\ 

Potalos             ;tSj4,JOS 

Onions..          ..          ..          ..          ..          ..  532,007 

Unenumerated          ..         .,         ..         ..  426,970 

Total j£r,7S3,i32 

The  value  of  tlie  entire  lot  was  jC 6,5:0,390. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Pe.^rs  which  Succeed  at  Goodwood  Park. 
—  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as  to  Pears  generally,  I 
find  they  do  very  well  here  either  on  Quince  or  Pear 
stocks  in  medium  heavy  soil  and  gravelly  subsoil  :  the 
following  varieties  do  well  here  ;  — Ne  Plus  .Meuris, 
Beurro  Diel,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  Williams' 
Bon  Chretien,  GIou  Morfeau,  Beurre  Clairgeau, 
Beurre  de  Capiaumont,  Winter  Nelis,  Louise  Bonne 
of  Jersey,  Passe  Colmar,  Duchesse  d'Angoulu.-ne,  Ber- 
gamotte  d'Esperen,  Jargonelle,  Josephine  de  Malines, 
Marie  Louise,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Beurre  Ranee, 
Beuric  d'Araanlis,  Uvedale's  St.  Germain.  F.  KiU- 
laitJ. 

Early  Fruiting  of  Pears. 

Modern  Pear  growers,  by  the  employment  of  (luince 
and  other  slocks  that  check  exuberant  growth,  have 
completely  falsified  the  old  saying,  that  "He  that 
plants  Pears  plants  for  his  heirs."  A  very  forcible 
illustration  of  this  occurred  in  ray  own  experience 
this  year,  and  I  mention  it  that  it  may  encourage 
people  who,  with  the  old  saying  in  memory,  hesitate 
to  plant.  I  planted  a  horizontally  trained  Pear  against 
a  wall  with  an  east  aspect  in  the  spring  ot  1SS4,  the 
kind  Madame  Millet.  It  came  to  me  with  others 
from  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son's  nursery.  I  gathered 
from  it  yesterday  forty-nine  well  grown  Pears.  It  was 
perhaps  hardly  judicious  to  allow  a  young  tree  to  bear 
so  heavy  a  crop,  but  its  strength  and  vigour  seemed  to 
permit  it.    IV.  Ingram,  Bdvoir,  Oct,  26. 

Beurre  de  l'Assomption. 
I  am  pleased  to  see  attention  drawn  to  this 
noble  fruit  (see  p.  436).  It  deserves  all  that  Mr. 
Wildsmith  says  in  its  favour,  being  a  superior  early 
variety  that  should  not  be  overlooked  by  planters  of 
kinds  that  ripen  in  September  who  have  a  favour- 
able position  in  which  to  place  it.  At  p.  iiS 
*'C.  A.  M.  C,"  who  kindly  answered  my  query 
respecting  Clapp's  Favourite,  remarks  that  lieutie  de 
I'Assomption  frequently  cracks  when  planted  in  other 
than  warm  situations ;  but  that  it  does  not  always 
succumb  to  this  failing  when  so  placed  I  can  testify. 
Pears  are,  however,  all  more  or  less  capricious  and 
particular  as  to  soil  and  situation,  both  of  which  have 
a  remarkable  and  puzzling  effect  upon  them.  Glou 
Mort^eau,  for  instance,   which   is   deservedly   highly 


Total  for 

Orchards,   &c. 

Market  Gardens. 

Nursery  Grounds.                     Woods. 

1884.        1        1883. 

1S84.     ;     1885.' 

1864.               1885.                       i8St. 

England       

Scotland 

Wales            

:92,3C«J            189,790 
1,800               1,700 
3.3fo      '          3.200 

53.9=o       i        47,90U               10,600              10,500                  1,466,000 

4,800       '           4,300                  i,6uo                  1,700                        C2y.4o'J 

600                      700                     262                      265                        16a, 700 

The  annexed  table  shows  the  quantities  and  values 
of  fruits  (raw),  Nuts  (edible),  and  vegetables  (raw), 
imported  into  the  United  Kingdom  in  1884  : — 


Qc 

Fruit  (raw). 


Apples 

Oranges  and  Lemons 
}4ot  otherwise  deecrib 


2,679,300  busi 

4,944.535  i 

=,381.960 


valued  in  some  places — and  used,  I  remember,  to 
attain  to  large  dimensions  at  Rsndlesham  Hall  when 
I  was  there  under  Mr.  Mill,  who  is  an  enthusiastic 
cultivator— behaves  in  a  most  unsatisfactory  manner 
here ;  the  fruits  upon  old  trees,  together  with  those 
upon  young  ones,  regularly  crack  and  mildew  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  cause  a  great  portion  of  them  to  be- 
come utterly  worthless  ;  and  this  evil  does  not,  in  our 
case,  result  as  it  sometimes  does  from  the  roots  being 


deeply  imbedded,  as  particular  attention  has  been 
observed  to  keep  them  near  to  ihe  surface.  It  may, 
however,  I  think,  be  correctly  attributed  to  coldness 
of  the  soil,  as  that  in  which  they  are  growing  is 
tenacious,  and  rests  on  marl.  In  reference  to  Beurre 
de  TAssomption,  I  can  recommend  it  for  pot  culture  ; 
under  this  treatment  it  may  be  produced  at  its  best 
with  regard  to  size  as  well  as  quality  of  flavour,  and  it 
is  in  every  way  well  adapted  for  this  purpose.  Thos, 
Cooniber. 

I  send  you  the  last  of  my  Beurre  de  rAssomp- 

tion,  which  is  better  than  any  I  have  grown  until 
this  year,  because  the  Pears  hitherto  never  failed 
to  crack.  Vou  will  agree  with  me  that  grand  quiliiy 
would  be  needed  to  atone  for  such  defects  in  form. 
I  have  grown  the  sort  for  about  eighteen  years  ;  I 
never  saw  it  handsome,  nor  tasted  it  good.  Also  I 
have  seen  it  exhibited  by  other?,  large  and  sound, 
but  always  rather  rough,  and  of  very  ungainly  build. 
Possibly  on  a  south  wall  it  might  do  better  here, 
but  upon  a  west  wail  (where  Souvenir  du  Congres 
is  very  fine  to  look  at)  Beurre  de  TAssomption  is 
ugly  and  shy.  The  habit  of  growth  can  scarcely  be 
judged  from  cordon  trees,  which  are  subject  to  pro- 
crustean  discipline,  and  which  I  have  long  discarded. 
But  I  have  failed  (with  average  care)  to  make  any  but 
a  scraggy  and  unsightly  tree  of  this  Beurre.  I  have  it 
on  the  Quince,  and  I  have  it  "  double-worked,"  and 
I  trust  next  spring  it  will  be  treble-worked.  The 
notes  upon  Pears  which  I  sent  to  Dr.  Hogg,  and 
which  he  inserted  in  his  valuable  work,  were  not 
meant  fcr  publication  as  they  stood,  otherwise  I 
would  have  taken  more  care  to  warn  readers  that  I 
pretend  to  no  authority,  but  give,  qiianliun  valcant^ 
the  results  of  merely  local  experience.  Mine  is  a 
good  Pear  soil,  and  grows  nearly  every  kind  to  its 
average  beauty,  and  many  far  beyond  it — I  send  you 
a  Louise  Bonne  and  Beurre  Superiin  to  show  this.  I 
have  grown  Beurre  de  rAssomptlon  very  large,  but 
always  lumpy,  rough,  and  fissured.  A".  D.  Blackmore. 
[The  specimen  sent  by  Mr.  Bi.-ickmore  was  a^  inferior 
as  that  forwarded  by  Mr.  Wildsmith  was  good.  But 
even  in  Mr.  Wildsmith's  specimen  the  form  was  not 
elegant,  and  the  flavour,  to  our  taste,  inferior  to 
Williams'.  Ed.] 

A  Beuerre  Clairgeau  Pear. 
I  have  been  from  home  for  the  last  few  weeks  and 
have  had  no  chance  of  seeing  the  Chronicle^  but 
observe  in  your  issue  of  October  17  you  have  an 
engraving  of  my  Beurre  Clairgeau.  As  Pears  and 
Pear  growing  are  now  to  be  under  discussion,  I  thought 
a  short  account  of  the  tree  might  be  of  interest. 
Vour  woodcut  is  from  a  photograph  taken  in  1875  : 
that  year  it  was  allowed  to  bear  thirty-five  fruits, 
which  weighed  56A  lb.,  Jersey  weight  (17.^  oz. 
to  the  pound),  and  continued  to  bear  very  large  Pears 
until  two  years  ago,  when  signs  of  exhaustion  were 
evident,  and  last  year  it  was  quite  worn  out  and  had 
to  be  removed.  The  tree  was  planted  in  1867,  and 
the  second  year  after  produced  one  fruit  which 
weighed  \\  lb.,  and  until  two  years  ago  never  had 
anything  on  it  under  i  ib.  ;  when  in  its  prime  the 
usual  crop  was  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  Pears.  Tliij 
tree  was  on  the  Quince,  not  double  grafted,  but 
simply  worked  in  the  usual  way.  Of  course  it  was 
well  looked  after,  well  thinned,  mulched,  and  the  top 
soil  removed  about  every  other  year.  The  soil  is  a 
deep  rich  loam  with  sandy  clay  bottom,  the  situation 
west.  Perhaps  from  this  example  we  may  guage  the 
life  of  a  fruitful  tree  on  the  Quince  stock  under  the 
most  favourable  conditions  to  be  about  fifteen  years. 
Eduard  Pond,  The  Vintrics,  'Ja'sey, 


Slants  and  i\\t\\  m\\i\k\t. 


THE    CHRYSANTHEMUM    FOR    DECOR.\TIVE 
PURPOSES. 

This  autumnal  flower  will  soon  he  in  its  full 
beauty,  therefore  for  the  next  few  weeks  it  should 
occupy  the  foremost  place  among  flowering  plants  for 
the  greenhouse  and  conservatory,  as  well  as  forming 
the  staple  supply  of  cut  flowers.  Where  groups  of 
the  plants  are  arranged  for  effect  (and  this,  in  pass- 
ing, we  might  say  is  the  best  way  to  display  them)  it 
is  necessary  to  stand  them  somewhat  closely  together, 
so  as  to  obtain  the  best  results.  When  this  is  done, 
every  care  must  be  taken  by  careful  ventilation  to 
keep  the  atmosphere  of  the  house  free  from  excess  of 
moisture  ;  where  this  is  not  guarded  against  both  the 


November  7,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


591 


foliage  and  flowers  must  suffer  to  some  extent.  In 
the  case  of  the  foliage  mildew  will  cause  the  greatest 
injury,  combined  with  the  want  of  light,  which  until 
the  plants  were  housed  they  obtained  to  a  greater 
extent.  Every  cire  should  be  taken  to  keep  the  foliage 
as  healthy  as  possible,  so  as  to  aid  the  fullest  develop- 
ment of  the  flowers.  A  free  circulation  of  air  will 
likewise  benefit  the  incurved  varieties  greatly,  in  pre- 
venting the  petals  from  becoming  unduly  attenuated. 
A  few  weeks  later  another  evil  will  present  itself 
much  too  prominently,  if  the  excess  of  atmospheric 
moisture  is  not  kept  in  check,  in  the  premature  and 
rapid  decay  of  the  flowers,  being  first  apparent  in  th^ 
moredelicate  colours.  When  the  flowers  begin  naturally 
to  fade,  then  it  will  be  advisable  to  gradually  with- 
hold the  abundant  supply  of  water  that  has  been  sup- 
plied to  their  roots. 

When  the  plants  are  all  housed  and  arranged  it 
will  not  be  advisable  to  employ  in  any  form  manures 
that  are  of  an  olTensive  character.  The  house  wherein 
the  Chrysanthemums  are  displayed  will  be  sure  to 
have  frequent  visitors,  every  pains  should  therefore  be 
taken  to  keep  it  as  clean  and  sweet  as  possible.  For 
the  better  information  of  the  admirers  of  this  flower, 
it  will  be  found  a  good  plan  to  attach  the  names  of 
the  plants  to  a  convenient  spot  where  they  can  be 
easily  read.  The  latest  flowering  kinds  should  be 
kept  apart  from  the  main  collection  and  receive  more 
room  and  as  much  of  light  as  possible  ;  such  as  can 
be  kept  back  for  a  few  weeks  will  be  found  valuable 
when  the  main  bulk  is  over. 

Propagation  should  be  seen  to  without  delay  in  the 
case  of  those  varieties  which  are  productive  of  early 
cuttings,  before  the  young  shoots  become  unduly 
drawn.  Kegard  to  this  point  is  all  the  more  requisite 
where  the  pots  are  grouped  close  together,  thus  caus- 
ing the  young  growths  to  become  tender  and  weakly 
if  left  till  the  plants  are  again  removed.  Tall  plants, 
such  as  are  grown  on  from  the  cutting  without  being 
stopped  and  thinned  out  at  an  early  period,  will  gene- 
rally push  out  some  later  flowers  up  the  stems  ;  many 
of  these  will  be  of  service  for  cutting,  being  at  the 
same  time  available  without  detracting  from  the 
general  eftect  of  the  whole.  James  Hudson,  Gunners- 
bury  House  Gardens,  Acton,  IV, 


"PF(UlTg     yNDEF^     'C^tAgg. 


FIGS   IN    POTS. 

After  much  experience  in  forcing  early  Fig  trees, 
I  have  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  no  plan  equals 
that  of  having  trees  well  established  in  large  pots,  and 
for  general  use  no  variety,  in  my  opinion,  is  so  good 
as  the  Brown  Turkey.  If  the  trees  be  trained  some- 
what after  the  bush  fashion,  a  span-house  is  most 
suitable  for  them,  because  the  trees  individually 
obtain  a  larger  proportion  of  sunshine  and  light, 
which  during  the  murky  winter  months  is  so  much 
needed.  If,  however,  the  trees  are  to  be  trained  en 
a  trellis  beneath  the  glass,  then  a  lean-to  structure 
will  meet  the  requirements,  and  perhaps  at  even  less 
cost  in  the  way  of  fuel.  In  either  case,  the  house 
should  be  capable  of  holding  a  bed  of  fermenting 
material  adequate  for  the  purpose  of  producing  heat 
from  60'  to  70°,  and  retaining  this  degree  of  heat  for 
a  lengthened  time. 

Before  the  bed  is  put  in,  brick  piers  9  inches  square 
should  be  erected  to  carry  the  pots,  by  merely  putting 
up  the  bricks  to  the  height  required,  and  filling  in  the 
spaces  between  them  with  coal-ashes,  to  make  them 
stand  firmly.  The  bed  should  be  of  good  Beech  or 
Oak  tree  leaves,  and,  if  practicable,  should  be  put  in 
at  once  and  trodden  firmly  down  ;  otherwise  the  leaves 
should  be  collected  together  in  a  heap,  so  that  fermen- 
tation may  proceed,  and  then  the  bed  might  be  put 
into  the  house  just  prior  to  forcing  being  begun. 

The  arrangement  of  the  trees  should  be  made  so  as 
to  bring  them  well  up  to  the  glass,  and  the  beds 
should  be  made  up  to  the  rims  of  the  pots.  Trees 
when  placed  on  piers  do  not  sustain  damage  from  the 
bed  overheating,  because  the  subsidence  that  takes 
place  owing  to  fermentation  leaves  them  standing  out 
of  all  danger  from  that  cause.  With  trees  properly 
prepared  and  placed  under  conditions  as  advised, 
together  with  fair  treatment,  good  crops  of  fruit  may 


certainly  be  assured  by  the  middle  of  April.  For 
this  period  forcing  in  a  gradual  way  should  be  com- 
menced about  December  i,  with  a  night  temperature 
of  55°  and  10°  more  in  the  daytime  ;  as  considerable 
moisture  will  arise  from  the  newly  introduced  bed  : 
syringing  must  be  regulated  accordingly,  so  as  not  to 
have  the  trees  constantly  wet. 

Root  Pruning  and  Lifting  Figs. 
In  the  succession  house  the  trees  will  mostly  be 
planted  out  in  borders.  Under  these  conditions  the 
roots,  if  not  sufficiently  restrained,  will,  generally 
speaking,  require  lifting,  a  process  of  which  I  much 
approve,  and  annually  practise  in  the  ca:e  of  all  the 
Fig  trees  which  are  grown  under  glass  here  as  being 
the  best  to  restrict  over-exuberance  and  render  the 
trees  more  /ruit'ul.  We  make  an  opening  down  to 
the  drainage,  and  take  the  latter  out  if  the  roots  have 
penetrated  it.  at  the  outward  limit  of  the  border,  and 
work  off  from  it  I  to  2  feet  of  the  inert  stuff.  Then 
cut  the  roots  back,  and  replace  the  old  with  fresh 
material,  which  byand-bye  will  be  filled  with  fresh 
young  roots  ready  to  take  up  whatever  may  be  given 
in  the  shape  of  manures  to  invigorate  the  trees  just  at 
the  time  they  require  it.  Proceed  with  those  means 
which  are  requisite  to  extirpate  insect  pests,  and 
thoroughly  cleanse  the  house. 

Pruning. 
Prune  the  trees  and  wash  them  with  soapy  water, 
u;ing  caution  so  as  not  to  damage  the  embryo  fruits  on 
the  terminal  shoots.  I  depend  solely  on  these  for  the 
crop  of  fruit,  and  therefore  aim  to  have  a  supply 
equally  distributed  over  the  whole  area  of  the  trellis, 
and  only  take  away  those  which  have  reached  the 
limit  of  the  house,  and  others  where  not  required  ;  as 
the  branches  ingrease  so  quickly  in  size,  so  that  ample 
room  is  left  in  the  tying  up,  otherwise  half  the  tree 
will  need  retying  again  byand-bje.  After  such  matters 
are  finished,  take  away  3  or  4  inches  of  soil  offthe  top 
of  the  border,  and  replace  it  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
fresh  compost ;  water  the  whole  border  thoroughly, 
and  freely  ventilate  the  house  until  the  time  arrives 
for  starting  it  again. 

Later  Houses. 
Here  let  the  ordinary  work  of  cleaning  be  done  on 
suitable  occasions,  and  when  all  is  completed  treat 
the  house  identically  with  the  former  until  the  trees  are 
required  to  start  again.  Late  trees  in  pots  should,  if 
necessary,  be  shifted  into  larger  pots,  or  otherwise 
have  the  balls  of  earth  slightly  reduced,  and  be  re- 
potted. Where  Fig  cultivation  is  carried  on  in  pots 
it  is  advisable  to  have  some  surplus  trees  coming  on, 
and  in  readiness  for  any  emergency.  G.  T.  Miles, 
Wycomh  Abbey. 


it  is  more  d;flicult.  My  own  plan  with  the  latter  trees 
is  to  cut  off  a  few  large  branches  every  year,  this 
makes  room  for  young  branches  to  be  left,  and  so  a 
constant  renewing  of  the  trees  goes  on  year  by  year. 

Trees  on  Walls 
may  be  treated  in  this  manner,  the  same  as  those 
growing  in  the  open  garden.  In  planting  young  trees 
of  Apricots  the  ground  should  be  light  and  firmly 
placed  round  the  stems ;  too  rich  soil  is  a  fertile 
source  of  canker,  &c.,  in  these  trees.  The  most  im- 
portant pi)int  is  to  secure  short,  firm,  well  ripened 
wood,  and  it  is  impossible  to  thoroughly  ripen  the 
wood  where  the  trees  grow  a  yard  or  more  every  year. 
Moor  Park,  Breda,  Ilemskirk,  Frogmore  Early,  and 
L:irge  Red  are  all  useful  varieties.  These  may  be 
planted  on  an  east  or  west  wall,  but  one  fully  exposed 
to  the  south  is  the  moEt  favourable  for  the  production 
of  really  good  fruit. 

Morello  Cherries  on  north  walls  should  now  be 
pruned  and  nailed  up.  Where  the  trees  are  getting 
old  and  have  become  crowded  it  is  advisable  to 
remove  a  few  large  branches,  cutting  them  off  at  the 
bottom  of  the  wall  ;  this  will  allow  space  for  laying- 
in  young  wood,  which  always  produces  the  best  fruit. 
The  walls  may  be  syringed  with  soapy  water ;  this 
will  kill  any  moss  or  insects  on  the  trees. 


\\\   |aiidi)    Ipii 


frJ^n. 


CLEANING  TREES,  &c. 
The  autumn  and  winter  months  are  the  best  time 
for  thoroughly  overhauling  the  fruit  trees.  Should 
moss  appear  on  the  branches  it  is  a  sign  that  some- 
thing is  wrong,  either  the  trees  or  branches  are  too 
crowded  or  the  ground  is  damp  ;  should  the  former  be 
the  case,  removing  a  few  large  branches  would  lessen 
the  evil,  or  if  the  latter,  the  ground  should  be  drained. 
Moss  is  best  removed  by  scraping  the  stems  with  a 
piece  of  hoop-iron  or  wood,  and  then  dusting  the 
trees  all  over  with  hot  lime  when  they  are  damp. 

Pruning. 
In  pruning,  the  habit  and  general  character  of  the 
tree  should  be  considered.  One  of  the  most  impor- 
tant points  is  in  so  having  the  branches  regulated  that 
sun,  light,  and  air,  can  act  on  them  ;  without  this  good 
results  cannot  be  expected.  Often  varieties  are  con- 
demned when  it  is  the  fault  of  the  grower.  For  pro- 
ducing good  fruit  and  keeping  the  trees  healthy  there 
is  nothing  like  being  able  to  leave  a  certain  portion  of 
cleanhealthy  well  ripened  young  wood  at  pruningtime  : 
this  applies  to  summer  as  well  as  winter  pruning,  for 
with  dwarf  growing  trees  thesummer  pruning  is  the  most 
important.  This  requires  careful  attention  to  the  habits 
of  the  trees,  and  can  never  be  attained  by  a  hap-hazard 
cutting  away  of  branches.  Young  trees  can  always  be 
pruned,  so  as  to  bear  abundance  of  young  wood,  but 
in  old  trees  that  have  filled  the  space  allotted  to  them 


\t   %tl^m    wmUm. 


TRENCHING  AND  DRESSING. 
The  advantage  to  be  obtained  from  early  trenching 
cannot  be  over-estimated,  especially  by  those  who  wish 
to  excel  with  roots  and  tubers.  By  trenching  early  much 
stronger  dressings  can  be  given  with  safely  as  the  work 
proceeds  than  if  the  work  is  left  until  a  later  period. 
By  dressings  I  mean  those  which  are  applied  mainly 
to  cleanse  the  soil  from  insects  and  to  quicken  the 
constituents  in  the  humus,  thereby  adding  greater 
fertility  to  it.  Some  garden  soils  which  have  been 
constantly  manured  with  decayed  vegetables  and 
animal  manure  year  after  year  would  be  greatly  bene- 
fited by  receiving  a  dressing  of  artificial  manure ; 
but  of  this  it  is  rather  too  early  to  speak,  as  it 
would  be  better  if  applied  about  three  weeks  or 
a  month  before  the  seeds  are  sown,  lightly 
forking  it  into  the  surface.  Another  advantage 
derived  from  thus  early  commencing  trenching  is  that 
the  spit  of  soil  which  is  brought  from  below  to  the 
surface  gets  well  pulverised  by  the  action  of  the 
weather  during  the  winter,  and  which  by  seeding  time 
in  spring  will  be  in  the  best  possible  condition.  Old 
garden  soil  is  much  benefited  by  a  dressing  of  lime,  soot, 
and  salt,  especially  if  none  of  either  have  been  applied 
for  a  number  of  years.  As  soils  having  a  similar 
character  and  dressing  suit  the  following  root-crops, 
it  is  always  desirable  to  get  ready  a  plot  or  quarter 
large  enough  to  accommodate  them  in  proximity  to 
each  other  :— Carrots,  Parsnips,  Beet  Root,  Salsafy, 
Scorzonera,  and  Chicory.  To  obtain  the  very  best 
results,  choose  the  deepest  light  soil  available,  as  free 
as  possible  from  stones,  and  also  soil  that  was  well 
enriched  with  manure  in  the  spring.  It  will  not  then 
require  any  further  manuring  unless  it  be  still  con- 
sidered poor,  when  a  little  artificial  manure  m.ay  be 
pricked  into  the  surface  three  weeks  before  sowing  the 
seed.  For  roots  double  digging  is  much  better  than 
ordinary  digging  one  spit  deep,  and  finally  trenching  is 
better  than  either.  As  to  the  depth  to  which  trenching 
should  be  carried  that  will  depend  entirelyon  the  depth 
ol  the  natural  soil  and  the  absence  of  water.  Should 
wireworm  be  prevalent,  or  clubbing  have  taken  place 
in  the  quarter  selected  for  those  crops,  the  dressing  of 
soot  and  salt  at  the  time  of  trenching  or  double 
digging  will  be  most  beneficial.  To  3  bushels  of  soot 
add  one  of  salt.  This  should  be  applied  as  follows  :— 
After  throwing  the  top  spit  into  the  bottom  of  the 
trench,  apply  a  good  sprinkling  of  the  mixture  on  the 
top  of  it  and  prick  it  in  with  a  fork  before  throwing 
on  the  next  spit,  which  should  then  be  treated  the 
same  as  the  lower  spit.  This  simple  remeiiy  tends 
to  the  production  of  clean  roots,  and  to  invigorate 
the  crop.   G.  H.  RiJiards,  Somerley,  RiiigwooJ. 


592 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7.   18S5. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

f  Chn'santhemum  Show  at  Stoke  Newinglon. 
)<  Sale  of  First-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 

f  Royal   Horticultural   Society:    Meeting  of 


Monday,        Nov. 


id    Floral 

II  A.M.,  Scientific  Committee  at  i  p.m 

at  South  Kensington. 
Meeting  in  the  Music  Room  at  the  Invci 

tions  Exhibition,  to  consider  the  subjci 

oi  an  International  Exhibition  in  1887. 
Kingston     and    Surbiton    Chrysanthei 


J       Meeting, 


Society"? 


Dudley  and  District  Chrysanthemum  So- 
ciety's Show  (three  days). 

Brighton  Chrj'sanlhcmum  Society's  Show 
(two  days). 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Valuable  Nursery  Stock  at  the  Mil- 
ford  Nurseries,  Godalming,  by  Protheroe 
.     &  Morris  (two  days). 

National  Chrvsanthemum  Society's  Show, 
RoyalAquanum,  Wesi 


Sale  of  Fit 


'  Roon: 


;  Bulbs  from  Holland,  a 


Sale  of  Plants.  Roses,  Lilies,  &c.,  at  Prothe- 
roe &  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Nursery  btock  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,   at    Potter's   Nursery,   Sutton,  by 


Me 


.nder 


Thursday,     No 


Saturday,      Nov.  14  \ 


Great  sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms, 

Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  American  Nur- 
sery, Leytoystone,  by  Protheroe  & 
Morris  (two  days). 

Huddersheld  Chrj-santhemum  Society's 
Show  (two  days). 

Reading  Chrysanthemum  Society's  Show. 

Sale  of  a  Collection  of  Established  Orchids, 
at  Protheroe  &  Morris"  Rooms. 

Sale  of  First-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 


THE  production  of  heat  in  flowers  has  often 
been  observed  and  measured,  and  the 
general  chemical  explanation  given  of  the  phe- 
nomenon is  no  doubt  true  in  the  main.  It 
depends  upon  oxidation  or  the  union  of  oxygen 
gas  with  the  tissues  of  plants  or  their  contents, 
and  to  the  "  combustion  "  or  destruction  that 
goes  on  in  consequence,  accompanied  by  the 
emission  of  carbonic  acid  gas.  In  an  earlier 
stage  of  .the  plant's  life  the  process  is  just  the 
reverse.  The  leaves  and  green  portions  of  the 
plant  when  exposed  to  sunlight  give  out  oxygen 
gas  ;  the  process  is  one  of  deoxidation,  and 
with  it  occurs  a  process  of  evaporation  of  moist 
vapour  from  the  surface,  both  cooling  processes  ; 
so  that  while  on  the  one  hand  during  the  flower- 
ing period  and  during  the  ripening  of  fruits  and 
the  germination  of  seed  we  may  expect  the 
temperature  of  the  plant  to  rise  ;  on  the  other, 
all  the  time  assimilation  of  carbon  is  going  on 
in  tissues  still  green  and  exposed  to  light  the 
temperature  may  be  expected  to  be  no  higher 
than  that  of  the  surrounding  air.  Some  recent 
experiments  recorded  by  Dr.  Ord  are  so  inter- 
esting from  this  point  of  view  that  we  believe 
our  readers  will  be  glad  to  see  the  following 
report  of  them,  taken  from  the  British  Medical 
Journal : — 

"  In  fruits  we  have,  as  it  seems  to  me,"  says  Dr.  Ord, 
"  two  processes  of  meaning  exactly  opposed  one  to  the 
other  ;  the  building  up  of  the  fruit,  wherein  we  have  the 
formation  of  cellulose,  starch,  &c.  ;  and  the  ripening, 
wherein  we  have  the  breaking  down  and  the  production 
of  sugar.  I  determined  to  investigate  fruits  of  rapid 
growth,  and  test  their  temperature  as  compared  with 
that  of  the  surrounding  air.  Before  doing  this  I  con- 
sulted botanical  books,  and  questioned  great  living 
botanists  ;  but  information  was  not  forthcoming  from 
either  source.  The  kindness  of  a  friend  who  has  large 
hothouses  near  London  enabled  me  to  make  some 
experiments  which,  I  venture  to  say,  have  some  import- 
ance in  vegetable  physiology,  as  well  as  in  their  relation 
to  the  question  of  pyrexia. 

"The  Cucumber  was  the  fruit  which  I  chose  for  my 
observations.  It  is  a  fruit  which  grows  very  rapidly,  and 
a  fruit  in  which  the  signs  of  ripening  can  be  readily  seen. 
It  is  grown  in  houses  at  a  fairly  fi.xed  temperature,  and 
in  an  atmosphere  of  considerable  moisture.  Having 
chosen  my  growing  Cucumbers  at  a  stage  free  from  any 
fear  of  ripening  1  had  a  glass  bottle,  with  wide  open 
mouth,  filled  with  water,  suspended  by  the  side  of  each 
fruit,  the  bottle  equalling  the  fruit  as  nearly  as  possible 
in  size.  After  twenty-four  hours  or  more  I  commenced 
observation  ;  I  used  a  delicate  pointed  thermometer,  lent 
to  me  by  that  skilful  constructor,  Mr.  Hawkslev. 
With  this  I  took,  first,  the  temperature  of  the  air  of  the 
hothouse  around  the  fruit ;    ne.\t,  the  temperature    of 


the  water  in  the  bottle  ;  next,  the  temperature  of 
the  Cucumber  at  different  points  of  its  length.  This 
was  done  by  plunging  the  sharp  end  of  the  bulb  contain- 
ing the  mercury  to  a  fixed  depth,  marked  by  a  line  on 
the  bulb.  I  took  the  temperature  of  the  Cucumber  at 
various  points  in  its  length  for  a  definite  reason.  Cucum- 
bers begin  to  grow  at  the  base  or  stalk  end,  and  further 
growth  is  beyond  this  at  the  tip  or  flower  end.  If  any 
difference  of  temperature  between  the  fruit  and  the  air 
should  be  found,  it  might  be  argued  to  be  due  to 
evaporation  if  the  difference  were  equal  at  all  points  ; 
but,  if  the  difference  should  vary  at  the  several  points 
tested,  the  influence  of  metabolism  might  be  recognised. 

"  On  May  23.  18S4,  a  very  warm  day,  I  examined  a 
young  growing  Cucumber  13  inches  long.  The  tempera- 
ture of  the  house  was  86°.  i  Fahr.,  the  temperature  of 
the  water  in  the  bottle  was  85°.3  Fahr.  The  Cucumber 
gave  the  following  readings  : — At  the  stalk,  84'' ;  2  inches 
along,  85"  ;  middle,  85' ;  2  inches  from  tip,  84^6  ;  tip, 
83°. g.  The  experiment  was  repeated  with  another 
Cucumber  on  the  same  day,  and  with  similar  Cucumbers 
on  other  days.  All  the  observations  were  to  the  same 
effect.     I  note  one  or  two  other  observations. 

"  On  June  7,  the  weather  being  much  cooler,  and  the 
air  of  the  house  being  at  75". 6,  the  water  in  the  bottle 
was  at  76". 9.  A  ripe  Cucumber  was  found  to  be  at 
77°.  S  in  the  middle  ;  a  young  Cucumber,  pendulous, 
74°.6  in  the  middle  ;  a  young  Cucumber,  horizontal, 
74°.7  in  the  middle. 

"  On  June  14,  the  weather  being  again  warm,  the 
water  stood  at  86^  in  a  bottle  on  one  side,  at  86°. 3  in  a 
bottle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Cucumbers  to  be  ex- 
amined. A  Cucumber  nearly  ripe  gave  84°  close  to  the 
stalk,  84°.3  in  the  middle,  83'. 2  at  the  tip,  a  small,  but 
evidently  growing  Cucumber,  83^5  in  the  middle;  a 
nearly  ripe  Cucumber,  cut  the  preceding  day,  and  placed 
close  to  the  others,  87"  at  all  parts. 

"I  trust  that  you  will  find  in  these  observations,  as 
they  stand,  something  ot  interest.  They  show,  at  least, 
that  the  traditional  coolness  of  the  Cucumber  is  not  a 
mere  creation  of  fancy  ;  that  the  growing  Iruit  is  actually 
cooler  than  the  medium  in  which  it  is  growing.  So  far 
as  these  observations  are  concerned  a  new  fact  has  been 
established  ;  but  the  observations  are  not  numerous, 
and  the  inferences  are  not  sure.  I  hope  to  extend  the 
observations  ;  to  introduce  more  controlling  experi- 
ments ;  and  so  go  on  for  safer  inference.  Nevertheless, 
arguing  upon  what  we  have  before  us,  and  upon  parallel 
experiments  made  upon  Bananas,  with  which  I  will  not 
now  trouble  you,  we  may  acknowledge  that  the  com- 
parative coolness  of  the  growing  fruit  may  have  been  due 
to  evaporation,  and  that  the  warmth  of  the  separated  fruit 
may  have  been  due  10  the  comparative  cessation  of  evapo- 
ration. On  the  other  hand,  I  may  urge  that  the  air  of 
the  hothouse  was  loaded  with  moisture — as  is  the  case  in 
properly  managed  houses  of  this  kind — and  that  moisture 
was  deposited  in  beads  on  the  surface  of  the  fruit.  This, 
of  course,  is  against  the  evaporation  explanation  ;  and 
so  far  I  should  urge  that  the  difference  in  the  temperature 
of  the  fruit  at  various  points  in  its  length  is  against 
evaporation.  Further,  it  is  in  favour  of  the  hypothesis 
of  metamorphosis  in  metabolism,  in  that  the  temperature 
was  most  reduced  where,  according  to  all  appearance, 
tissue  formation  should  be  most  rapidly  proceeding.  If 
time  serve  me  during  the  coming  year,  I  hope  to  institute 
experiments  which  shall  eliminate  the  evaporation  difli- 
cully,  and  to  investigate  other  fruits  ;  but,  so  far  as  I 
have  gone.  I  think  that  I  am  entitled  to  argue  that  there 
is  indication  that  the  nietabohsms  leading  to  the  forma- 
tion of  tissues  from  juices  do  actually  use  up  heat." 


The    Proposed   International   Exhidi- 

TION,— On  Tuesday  next,  November  lo,  the  adjourned 
meeting  to  discuss  this  matter  will  be  held  in  the 
Music  Room  of  the  Inventions  Exhibition,  South 
Kensington,  at  i2  30  p.m.  Invitations  have,  we 
understand,  been  sent  to  the  principal  horticultural 
societies  of  the  country,  while  individuals  have  been 
invited  by  means  of  advertisements.  We  trust,  there- 
fore, that  a  thoroughly  representative  meeting  will 
be  held,  and  that  some  satisfactory  conclusion  may 
be  arrived  at.  At  present  there  is  not  much  appear- 
ance of  zeal  among  the  horticulturists,  though 
we  believe  the  fire  would  burn  freely  enough  if 
only  the  Council  of  the  Society  could  offer  adequate 
guarantees  that  the  requisite  funds  would  be  forth- 
coming. It  is  absurd  to  suppose  that  the  material  is 
not  sufficient  for  the  purpose,  hardly  less  so  to  imagine 
that  the  same  machinery  which  has  carried  out  the  last 
three  exi.ibitions  to  a  successful  issue  should  not  be 
able  with  the  aid  of  the  horticulturists  to  carry  out 
this  one  also.  As  it  seems  to  us,  the  horticulturists 
hang  back,  because  beyond  vague  hints  which  may 
mean  much  or  may  mean  little — we  incline  ourselves 
to  the  former  view — the  Council  has  hitherto 
not  been  in  a  position  to  give  sufiicient  assur- 
ances on  the  questions  of  finance  and  co-opera- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  "Commissioners."  Those 
who  remember  the  past  history  of  the  Society,  the 
numerous  vague  promises  or  implied  promises  which 
the  "  Commissioners,"  or  those  who  spoke  in  their 
name,  laid  before  the  Society,  and  who  call  to  mind 
the  results  of  it  all,  as  seen  in  the  present  state  of  the 
Society,  may  be  forgiven  if  they  exercise  some  caution  as 
to  vague  assurances  from  such  a  quarter.  But  from  this 


point  of  view  it  is  necessary  to  point  out  that  there  are 
Commissioners  and  Commissioners,  and  that  those 
who  have  the  management  of  the  present  series  of 
Exhibitions  are  not  the  same  body  of  men  as  the 
"Commissioners  "  who,  in  former  years,  dangled 
metaphorical  Carrots  before  our  eyes,  but  never 
allowed  us  to  get  a  mouthful. 

COMBRETUM  MiCROPETALUM. — In  any  gar- 
den where  autumn  flowering  slove  climbers  are 
desired,  Combretum  micropetalum  {fig.  137)  is  well 
deserving  of  a  place.  It  is  probably  owing  to  its 
having  obtained  the  worst  reputation  a  plant  can 
have,  that  of  being  a  shy  flowerer,  that  it  is  so  seldom 
seen  in  cultivation  ;  but  if  properly  treated,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  F.  Moore,  it  does  not  deserve  such  a 
reputation.  It  is  a  strong  growing  climber  with 
handsome  bold  foliage.  When  pruning  only  half 
the  shoots  should  be  removed,  and  the  remainder 
kept  close  to  the  light.  They  flower  in  Septem- 
ber, and  after  flowering  should  be  removed  to 
make  room  for  the  succeeding  shoots.  The  flowers 
are  very  closely  crowded  on  a  main  stalk  about 
8  inches  long,  the  stalks  being  in  pairs,  and  each 
shoot  carrying  four  to  eight  of  these  pairs.  The 
flowers  owe  their  beauty  to  the  long  yellow  stamens 
with  red  anthers,  which  impart  a  pleasant,  soft,  and 
feathery  appearance  to  the  inflorescence.  Combre- 
tum micropetalum  is  a  native  of  Brazil,  and  is  culti- 
vated at  Glasnevin,  whence  our  specimen  was  derived, 
in  the  large  stove,  in  which  the  minimum  night  tem- 
perature is  55"  Fahr.  It  is  trained  close  to  the  roof, 
and  flowers  freely  each  year. 

The     Pear    Congress. — The     Executive 

Committee  which  so  far  has  had  charge  of  the 
arrangements  of  the  Pear  Congress  held  its  final 
meeting  at  Chiswick  on  Wednesday  last,  the  closing 
day  of  the  show.  It  has  been  a  matter  for  regret 
that  quite  one-half  the  days  the  show  of  Pears  was 
open  were  wet  ones,  thus  seriously  affecting  the 
attendance  of  the  public  ;  still  further,  it  is  evident 
that  Pears  have  entirely  failed  to  create  the  interest 
which  attached  to  the  Apples  two  years  since — inso- 
much, indeed,  that  the  receipts  for  admission  have 
been  small,  and  when  the  accounts  are  presented  to 
the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  a 
material  balance  on  the  wrong  side  will  be  shown. 
As  the  Council,  however,  received  the  balance 
which  accrued  from  the  holding  of  the  Apple 
Congress,  and  also  the  profits  arising  from  the 
sale  of  the  Congress  report,  that  body  can  hardly 
complain.  The  work  done  at  the  Conference,  if 
pecuniarily  unsatisfactory,  was  at  least  most  prac- 
tical pomologically,  as  will  be  seen  when  the  com- 
mittee's report,  carefully  prepared  by  Mr.  Barron, 
is  completed  and  published,  assuming,  of  course,  that 
the  Council  will  undertake  that  important  responsi- 
bility, and  without  which  the  Congress  would  prove 
a  comparative  failure.  The  committee,  at  its  recent 
meeting,  did  not  undertake  the  exceeding  responsi- 
bility of  compiling  an  indix  ex  pur  gator  ins  of  indif- 
ferent kinds,  the  work  would  have  been  too  great  and 
too  invidious.  On  the  other  hand,  it  has  prepared  a 
list  of  kinds  which  are  either  new  or  too  little  known, 
and  which  includes  also  ."Jome  first-rate  winter  Peats, 
which  it  recommends  for  wider  cultivation,  and  also 
some  good  kinds  for  market  culture.  The  only  bond 
fide  seedling  kind  to  which  a  First-class  Certificate 
was  granted  was  Mr.  Rivers'  Conference,  a  long 
tapering  kind,  of  delicious  flavour  and  soft  luscious 
flesh,  somewhat  tinted  with  pink,  and  ripe  in 
November. 

Turner   Memorial    Prizes.  —  We    have 

already  alluded  to  the  establishment  of  a  fund  by 
means  of  which  the  great  services  to  horticulture 
rendered  by  the  late  Mr.  Charles  Turner  may  be 
commemorated.  There  are  many  to  whom  the  per- 
sonal character  of  the  man  will  appeal,  even  more 
forcibly  than  abstract  considerations.  But  in  either 
case  it  is  desirable  to  increase  the  amount  of  the  fund 
and  that  quickly.  Up  to  the  present  time  about  120 
gentlemen,  comprising  many  of  the  leading  men  in 
the  horticultural  world  and  some  of  the  rank  and  file, 
have  responded  to  the  appeal  and  have  individually 
contributed  sums  varying  from  a  few  shillings  to  ten 
guineas.  We  are  not  at  the  moment  empowered  to 
mention  names  as  the  gentleman's  proposals  are  not 
fully  matured,  but  we  may  say  that  one  of  our  boiler 
makers  proposes  to  present  the  committee  with  a 
boiler,  of  the  value  of  thirty  guineas,  to  be  competed 
for  at  some  exhibition  to  be  hereafter  arranged. 


594 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NOVEMDER   7,    ISS5. 


The  Gardeners'  Roval  Benevolent  In- 
stitution.— We  are  requested  to  remind  our  readers 
that  it  is  very  desirable  that  the  collecting  cards 
should  be  returned  to  the  Secretary  without  loss  of 
lime.  The  amount  collected  so  far  is  estimated  at 
about  £\i^o.  The  legacy  of  £\0^  bequeathed  by 
Sutherland  Law,  Esq.,  of  Southgate,  has  been  re- 
ceived, so  that  the  Institution  is  in  a  sound  tinancial 
condition.  On  the  other  hand  we  hear  that  the 
number  of  applicants  for  the  benefits  of  the  Institution 
is  larger  than  on  any  previous  occasion.  We  are 
further  informed  that  this  Institution  has  secured 
permanent  otHces  at  50,  Parliament  Street,  West- 
minster, S.W. 

Flowers    in    Season.— Mr.     IIartland 

sends  us  from  Cork  a  handful  of  flowers  to  show  how 
autumn  still  lingers  on  in  south-west  Ireland.  Among 
them  are  Gladiolus  Ville  de  Versailles,  a  flower  with 
narrow  lanceolate,  whitish  segments,  the  lower  ones 
flushed  and  feathered  with  crimson  stripes.  Mr. 
Hartland  mention  this  variety  as  flowering  even  in 
the  dark  days  of  December.  Sternbergia  lutea,  var. 
angustifolia,  is  rare  in  cultivation.  It  resembles  the 
common  form,  but  has  much  narrower  leaves  and 
flowers  a  month  later.  The  white-flowered  Escal- 
lonia  montevidensis,  and  a  dark  blue  Ceanothus,  both 
from  a  wall,  are  sent  to  attest  the  fact  that  summer 
weather  still  prevails  in  that  nook  of  the  Emerald 
Isle. 

Show    Fixtures    for    Novemiier. — The 

following  are  the  chief  exhibitions  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums, viz.: — Nov.  9,  Chrysanthemum  Show,  Stoke 
Newington. — Nov.  10,  Bexley  Heath,  Dudley  and  dis- 
trict, fruit,  plants,  and  Chrysanthemums,  three  days  ; 
Kingston  and  Surbiton,  Brighton,  two  days. — Nov.  II, 
National  Chrysanthemum,  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
two  days  ;  together  with  a  Floral  Committee  meeting, 
and  also  on  Nov.  25.— Nov.  12,  Tunbridge  Wells 
Chrysanthemum  show,  two  days  ;  Shrewsbury  Chry- 
santhemum, two  days  ;  Portsmouth  Chrysanthemum, 
two  days.— Nov.  13,  Huddersfield  Chrysanthemum, 
two  days  ;  Reading  Chrysanthemum,  two  days. — 
Nov.  17,  Royal  Botanical  and  Horticultural  of  Man- 
chester, show  of  Chrysanthemums ;  Yeovil  Chrysan- 
themum, Devizes  Chrysanthemum,  Lincoln  Chrysan- 
themum, two  days ;  Winchester  Chrysanthemum, 
two  days.— Nov.  18,  Birmingham  Chrysanthemum 
show,  two  days  ;  Bristol  Chrysanthemum  show,  two 
days.— Nov.  19,  Hull  and  East  Riding  Chrysanthe- 
mum show,  two  days.— Nov.  20,  Sheffield  and  West 
Riding  Chrysanthemum  show,  two  days. — Nov.  25 
and  26,  and  following  days.  Royal  Caledonian  Apple 
and  Pear  Congress  and  new  winter  or  Chrysanthemum 
show  ;  and  the  York  Ancient  Society  of  Florists  on 
the  25th  only. 

Mr.    T.    Laxton's    New    Fruits.— The 

Apple  September  Beauty  has  the  Ribston  flavour,  and 
is  highly  coloured  on  all  sides.  As  an  early  autumn 
fruit,  to  be  consumed  before  the  middle  of  October,  it 
will  be  much  appreciated,  the  flesh  being  soft  and 
digestible  to  a  higher  degree  than  many  kinds  of 
richly-flavoured  Apples.  The  Dartmouth  Crab,  of 
American  origin,  is  a  showy  fruit,  to  hang  on  the  tree 
as  late  as  possible,  and  give  colour  to  the  autumn 
garden,  the  colour  being  deep  crimson.  We  cannot 
say  much  as  to  its  flavour,  which,  in  the  specimens 
sent  to  us,  was  not  provocative  of  gusto. 

"Malesia."— The  last  part  of  this  publica- 
tion, edited  by  Signor  Beccari,  and  devoted  to  the 
description  and  illustration  of  the  plants  collected  by 
him  in  the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  contains 
the  continuation  of  the  descriptions  of  the  species  of 
Hydnophytum,  Rubiaceous  parasitic  plants  producing 
a  large  tuber,  divided  in  the  interior  into  numerous 
cavities  constantly  inhabited  by  ants,  and  the  forma- 
tion of  which  is  described.  The  ants  are  formidable 
assailants  to  predatory  animals,  and  thus  repay  the 
hospitality  offered  them  by  the  plants,  at  the  sam.e 
time,  according  to  Beccari,  who  in  this  matter  is 
opposed  to  Treub,  they  may  furnish  nourishment  to 
the  plant. 

Peach  Yellows.— This  disease,  little  known 

in  this  country,  is  made  the  subject  of  study  by  Mr. 
Penhallow  in  the  Canadian  Record  of  Science. 
He  shows,  from  the  researches  of  Nobbe  and 
others,  that  while  potash  is  essential  to  the  formation 
of  starch  in  plants  chlorine  is  essential  to  its  distri- 


bution, so  that  if  chlorine  be  withheld  the  starch 
accumulates  where  it  is  formed,  and  is  not  trans- 
ported elsewhere.  The  microscopical  appearances  in 
the  case  of  the  diseased  trees  were  consistent  with 
these  facts,  and  hence  Mr.  Penhai.low,  deeming 
the  dise.ase  to  be  the  result  of  imperfect  nutiition, 
treated  a  number  of  trees  with  muriate  of  potash,  and 
"  after  the  lapse  of  a  few  years  they  lost  all  appearance 
of  disease,  and  were  restored  to  such  a  condition  of 
health  that  up  to  the  present  time  they  have  been 
most  profitable  in  their  production  of  fruit." 

The   Stinging   Nettle.— There   may  be 

some  who  may  think  a  quarto  treatise  of  250  pages, 
with  numerous  illustrations,  a  waste  of  labour  when 
they  learn  that  it  has  been  expended  on  the  Stinging 
Nettle — Urtica  dioica.  But  this  opinion  could  only 
be  based  on  ignorance  and  misapprehension.  Any 
one  interested  in  the  microscopic  anatomy  of  plants 
will,  however,  turn  to  M.  Gravis'  Recherchcs 
Anatoiftii/iies  snr  les  Orgatjes  Vcgclatif  Je  VUrti:a 
dioica  at  first  with  interest,  and  subsequently  with 
admiration.  The  importance  of  a  thorough  study  of 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  plant  in  every  stage  of  its 
growth  receives  strong  illustration  in  this  publication. 
On  it  depends  much  of  our  knowledge  of  the 
physiology  of  the  plant ;  with  it  we  have  a  clue  to 
the  lineage  and  affinities  of  the  plant,  and  an  illus- 
tration of  the  manner  in  which  its  tissues  are  modified 
according  to  circumstances,  and  enabled  to  adapt 
themselves  to  varying  conditions.  It  thus  becomes 
a  matter  of  great  moment  to  cultivators.  Our  suc- 
cessors, taught  by  the  anatomists,  will  have  resources 
placed  at  their  disposal  which  their  predecessors  could 
not  have.  M.  Gravis'  treatise  is  exhaustive. 
Criticism  of  its  details  would  be  out  of  place  here, 
even  if  it  were  possible  to  follow  the  author  in  his 
minute  examination,  but  we  may  heartily  congratulate 
Belgian  botany  on  this  important  and  valuable  con- 
tribution to  science,  one  that  will  be  constantly 
referred  to  by  workers  in  the  same  field,  all  of  whom 
will  acknowledge  the  justice  of  the  remark  with 
which  M.  Gravis  concludes  his  vrork,  and  which 
affirms  the  necessity  in  the  present  state  of  science  of 
a  thorough  scrutiny  of  the  anatomy  of  the  whole 
plant  in  all  stages  of  its  growth.  Nevertheless  the 
prospect  is  sufficiently  formidable.  Life  is  short,  but 
the  knowledge  to  be  gained  from  a  Stinging  Nettle, 
as  M.  Gravis'  treatise  shows,  would  demand  for  its 
full  obtention  the  devotion  of  a  long  life,  and  even 
then  it  may  be  presumed,  the  next  generation  with 
improved  methods  of  observation  and  research  would 
find  as  much  work  to  do.  Clearly  the  men  of  action 
cannot  wait ;  they  must  do  the  best  they  can  with 
existing  knowledge,  but  they  can  at  least  sympathise 
with  the  men  of  research,  and  encourage  them  in 
their  patient  toil. 

Rare    Development  ok    Lilium    aura- 

TU.M. — We  read  in  the  Aberdeen  Daily  Press  that  a 
very  fine  specimen  of  this  Lily  was  lately  exhibited  in 
the  shop  window  of  Messrs.  W.  Smith  &  Son,  seeds- 
men. Market  Street.  The  flowers  were  borne  on  a 
single  stem,  and  grew  in  a  lo-inch  flower-pot.  Bulbs 
of  this  variety  at  their  highest  state  of  perfection 
seldom  produce  more  than  a  dozen  flowers,  but  this 
plant  has  produced  no  fewer  than  fifty-five,  all  fully 
developed  and  perfect.  The  plant  was  grown  by 
Messrs.  W.  Smith  &  Son  at  Kintore. 

Royal   Botanical  and  Horticultur.al 

Society  of  Manchester. — A  great  exhibition  of 
Chrysanthemums  and  fruits  will  open  in  the  St.  James' 
Hall,  Manchester,  on  the  17th  inst.  The  Society's 
Gold  and  Silver  Medals  are  offered  for  collections  of 
Apples  and  Pears,  and  about  .^150  for  Chrysanthe- 
mums. This  is  the  first  autumnal  exhibition  the 
Society  has  held  on  a  large  scale. 

Strophanthus  dichotomus.— The  flowers 

of  this  species  of  Dogbane  are  singular  and  interesting 
in  several  ways.  The  twisting  of  the  corolla  in  bud 
is  a  character  common  to  all  of  the  species  of  the 
genus,  as  well  as  a  great  number  of  the  order  ;  but  in 
this  instance  the  extraordinary  length  of  the  free 
segments  so  exaggerates  the  character  as  to  give  rise 
to  the  generic  name.  The  flowers  when  expanded 
are  shortly  funnel-shaped  at  the  base,  with  linear 
segments  about  2  inches  long,  yellow,  and  striped 
in  the  th»oat  with  pale  red  lines.  They  are  gener- 
ally produced  in  threes  terminating  the  branches, 
but  the  middle  one,  curiously  enough,  is  the  last  to 


open,  or  may  prove  aboitive.  The  plant  is  ever- 
green, with  opposite  leathery  leaves,  and  requires 
stove  temperature,  as  it  comes  from  the  East  Indies 
^some  books  say  China  and  India.  At  all  events 
Miss  North  painted  it  in  Java,  and  the  painting,  No. 
467,  may  be  seen  in  the  "  North'  Gallery  at  Kew. 
The  singularly  large  fruit  follicles  are  exhibited,  two 
from  each  flower,  oblong  in'shape,  and  diverging  hori- 
zontally. These  pod- like  fruits  are  rarely  if  ever  pro- 
duced in  this  country,  although  it  has  been  cultivated 
more  or  less  since  1816  or  iSiS.  This  species  was 
figured  in  Loddiges'  Botanical  Cabinet,  p.  759,  and  a 
flowering  specimen  may  be  seen  in  the  Begonia-house 
at  Kew,  where  in  one  or  other  of  the  houses  it  flowers 
annually. 

Mildew.— The  yoiirna!  Ojjiciel  publishes  a 

report  addressed  to  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  by 
M.  Prillieux,  Inspector-General  of  Agricultural 
Instruction,  as  to  the  results  obtained  by  the  use  of  a 
mixture  of  lime  and  sulphate  of  copper  in  counteract- 
ing mildew.  It  has  long  been  the  custom  in  some 
parts  of  the  Mcdoc  to  sprinkle  the  Vines  bordering 
roads  with  lime-water,  to  which  a  salt  of  copper  was 
added.  At  one  time  verdigris  was  used,  but  it  was 
expensive,  and  so  sulphate  of  copper  was  substituted. 
The  purpose  of  using  it  was  to  prevent  children  and 
depredators  from  pulling  the  ripe  Grapes  which  were 
within  their  reach.  They  were  afraid  to  eat  the 
sprinkled  bunches.  A  belt  five  or  six  stocks  wide 
was  treated  in  this  way  along  the  sides  of  the  tho- 
roughfares. When  mildew  spread  to  a  serious  extent 
in  the  Mcdoc  it  was  remarked  that  the  Vines  which 
had  been  sprinkled  with  the  mixture  suffered  less 
from  the  disease  than  the  others.  The  leaves  attacked 
by  the  Peronospora  withered  and  fell  off  prematurely 
everywhere  except  along  the  roads,  where  they 
remained  green,  and  where  the  Grapes  ripened.  At 
Dauzac,  the  property  of  M.  Johnston,  the  stocks 
had  been  carefully  sprinkled  by  M.  Millardet, 
Professor  of  the  Faculty  of  Sciences,  and  M.  Gavon, 
Professor  of  Chemistry  at  Bordeaux.  After  studying 
the  results  in  this  and  a  large  number  of  other  places, 
it  was  discovered  that  the  sprinkling  of  Vines  with  a 
liquid  containing  about  S  per  cent,  of  sulphate  of 
copper  mixed  with  lime-water  checked  the  progress 
of  mildew,  and  enabled  the  Vine  which  had  been 
attacked  to  ripen  its  fruit.  The  treatment  is  easily 
applied,  and  cheap.  The  earliest  application  gives 
the  best  result.  The  action  of  the  mixture  is  not  yet 
understood,  but  MM.  Millakdet  and  Gayon  hope 
soon  to  be  able  to  throw  light  on  it.  It  seems  to 
M.  Prillieux  that  this  unexpected  remedy  may 
prove  useful  to  Northern  agriculturists.  The  Peron- 
ospora of  the  Vine  is  closely  related  to  that  of  the 
Potato,  and  it  seems  not  improbable  thtt  if  it  is  an 
efficacious  remedy  in  the  one  case  it  may  be  so  in  the 
other.  The  hypothesis  has  already  been  supported. 
At  Cb.iteau  Langoa,  belonging  to  Messrs.  Barton, 
Tomatos  were  attacked  by  a  disease  to  all  appearance 
due  to  the  development  of  the  Peronospora  of  the 
Potato,  which  is  known  to  attack  also  the  Tomato. 
M.  Jouet,  the  steward  on  the  estate,  who  is  a 
scientific  agriculturist,  treated  the  Tomatos  like  the 
Vines,  and  succeeded  in  destroying  the  disease.  Iso- 
lated as  this  fact  is,  M.  Prillieux  thinks  it  should 
be  made  known,  so  that  Potato  growers  may  make  in 
their  fields,  from  the  first  appearance  of  the  disease, 
attempts  similar  to  those  which  have  been  carried  out 
with  such  success  this  year  as  regards  the  Vine  in  the 
Medoc. 

Hyacinth  Holder.— Mr.  James  Southern, 

nurseryman,  seedsman,  and  florist,  Heaton,  writes  :  — 
"  I  have  forwarded  you  a  sample  of  my  new  Hyacinth 
holder,  being  an  article  that  has  been  long  wanted. 
You  will  observe  that  it  clips  the  Hyacinth  glass 
below  the  rim,  thus  holding  it  firm,  and  is  so  lar  a 
great  improvement  on  all  others  brought  out.  The 
bottom  clip  can  be  pulled  off,  and  the  holder  inserted 
in  the  soil,  so  that  it  can  be  applied  either  to  glasses 
or  pots  ;  it  is  also  a  very  simple  construction,  and  can 
be  easily  put  together."  [Useful  and  ingenious,  yet 
simple,  and  might  find  extended  use  if  the  price  is 
very  low.  It  is  made  of  copper  wire,  and  is  not 
conspicuous.  Ed.]. 

Gardening    Appointments. — Mr.   James 

Roberts,  four  years'  Foreman  at  Penrhyn  Castle, 
has  been  appointed  Fruit  Grower  to  lierr  Nathaniel 
DE  Rothschild,  Villa  Rothschild,  Ilohe  Warte, 
Vienna,  Austria, — Mr.  A.  Wheeler,  formerly  with 
Mr.  John  Bowler,  Head  Gardener,  Caldecote 
Gardens,  Nuneaton,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to 
the  Hon.  H.  A.  Adderley,  Fillongley  Hall, 
Coventry, 


November  7,  1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


595 


PROLIFERATION    IN    FERNS. 

(Continued /mm  f.  437.) 
We  may  now,  having,  in  some  degree  at  least, 
gained  an  insight  into  the  agencies  to  which,  under 
their  natural  operation  proliferation  in  Ferns  appears 
to  be  chiefly  due,  turn  to  the  next  in  order  of  the 
aspects  of  the  (Question,  and  consider  for  awhile  its 
utility,  inquiring  what  economic  purpose,  if  any,  the 
possession  serves,  and  whether  there  exists  in  those 
species  which  manifest  any  conditions  not  shared  by 
their  non-proliferous  analogues  which  may  be  re- 
garded to  constitute  an  evident  necessity  for  it.  The 
chief  object  which,  in  the  great  majority  of  the  cases, 
the  development  serves  is,  to  one  wandering  in  their 
native  haunts,  conspicuously  obvious.  Here  pri- 
marily the  feature  is  observed  to  operate  as  an 
important  reprodutive  agency — important  at  least  in 
its  generally  prevalent  and  completely  effective  cha- 
racter. There  is  no  doubt  that  it  is  a  very  con- 
siderable aid  in  the  multiplication  of  many  species. 
In  fact,  in  all  cases  in  v/hich  the  environment  and 
general  surroundings  are  favourable  to  the  juvenile 
life— which  is  the  state  that,  as  a  rule,  obtains,  as 
cause  invariably  determines  eftect — the  chances  are 
that  every  bulbil,  tuber,  or  bud,  will  attain  to  inde- 
pendent adult  plant  existence;  for  the  conditionswhich 
are  most  favourable  to  their  births  and  abundance  are 
also  the  most  favourable  to  their  eventual  survival 
and  establishment  ;  but  extremes  of  meteorological 
conditions  can  interfere  much  with  their  success. 
Under  protracted  drought  they  may  starve  and  die, 
or  in  storms  or  continued  and  unusually  heavy  rain 
they  may  be  washed  away,  and  so  perish  ;  but  beyond 
the  elements,  which  may  either  foster  or  destroy, 
they  have  few  friends  or  foes  to  be  aided  or  injured  by. 
Now  as  to  the  evidence  of  this  reproductive  agency. 
I  have  before  mentioned  the  increase  of  those  stolo- 
niferous  and  radicant  species  which,  by  means  of  this 
proliferous  facility,  greatly  spread  and  multiply,  day 
by  day  extending  their  bounds,  and,  so  far  as  the 
conditions  they  require  will  allow,  invading  new 
territory.  Instances  of  this  form  are  the  most 
numerous  of  all,  the  plants,  not  literally  but  in  eftect, 
travelling  associated  in  communities  as  scattered 
scouts,  alter  (or  more  correctly  before,  as  a  case  in 
Nature  existing  no  doubt  before  military  or  other 
art)  the  manner  of  invading  armies.  But  the  other 
forms  that  the  feature  presents,  though  from  the 
different  course  which  their  evolution  takes  not  so 
obviously  aggressive,  and  successful  also  very  largely 
in  proportion  to  the  degree  of  the  development  of 
the  feature,  multiply  by  this  agency.  Of  these 
other  forms  Marattias,  which  by  the  way  exhibit 
one  of  the  few  instances  of  proliferation  outside 
the  great  sub-order  Polypodiaceae,  are  a  con- 
spicuous example.  Here  the  buds  are  produced  from 
the  axils  of  the  fleshy  processes  of  the  enlarged  joint  at 
the  base  of  the  petioles.  These  joints,  which  are 
from  I  to  2  inches  square  in  the  different  species, 
eventually  drop  from  the  rootstock  carrying  the 
buds,  which  have  then  more  or  less  vegetated,  but 
are  still  connected  with  them,  to  the  ground.  The 
Marattias  are  forest,  shadedoving  plants,  and  where 
they  abound,  gregarious  as  they  usually  grow,  these 
joints  often  thickly  strew  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
In  such  places,  where  I  have  carefully  examined,  the 
greater  part  of  the  young  plants  appeared  to  have 
grown  from  the  adventitious  buds.  Of  many  this 
origin  was  incontestible,  for  the  joints,  though  the 
growth  of  the  plants  had  far  advanced,  still  retained 
their  connection.  Though  detached  from  the  root- 
stock,  the  points  aid  the  vitality  of  the  sprouting 
buds,  for  they  remain  fresh  and  green  for  several 
weeks,  possibly  for  months,  eventually  granulating 
and  turning  to  a  white  meally  substance,  which  is 
edible,  on  drying  hard.  This,  like  the  previously 
mentioned  cases,  is  so  conspicuously  successful  as  to 
arrest  notice.  Other  cases,  though  from  the  small 
or  diminutive  size  of  the  buds  liable  to  be  perhaps 
passed  unobserved  among  other  vegetation,  I  have 
found  when  examined  equally  productive.  Of  some 
species  with  much  divided  fronds  the  individual 
buds  are  small,  and  though  possibly  plentiful  are 
likely  to  be  overlooked,  especially  on  the  ground, 
but  when  detected  and  the  case  examined  carefully, 
the  reproduction  is  discovered  to  be  more  or  less  pro- 
lific. Occasionally  a  frond,  from  some  accident — 
wind  or  water,  its  weight,  or  a  passing  animal — is 
broken  down,  where  it  lies  spread  on  the  the  surface 
of  the  ground,  with  the  buds  vigorously  springing  up 
into  growth,  and  pushing  their  young  roots  into  the 


moist  soil  beneath.  In  the  aquatic  form  of  Aspidium 
macrophyllum,  which  I  have  described,  the  buds  or 
young  plants  grow  to  a  considerable  size  on  the  parent 
fronds.  They  drop  at  length  by  their  own  weight, 
or  the  strain  of  the  current  or  drifting  objects  borne 
along  at  a  rushing  rate  when  the  river  is  in  flood,  and 
the  plants  are  partially  or  wholly  submerged,  dislodge 
them.  Then  they  too  are  carried  on  the  stream  till 
stranded  on  the  banks,  or  in  the  debris  among  bushes, 
or  caught  in  the  cleft  of  some  half- prostrate  tree,  or 
other  such-like  situations,  where  they  remain  and 
establish  their  future  home.  S.  Juintan. 
(To  be  e,<,!thme,l) 


Cteoma  in  the  vicinity  of  Aspens,  as  observed  in  Jut- 
land. 

As  now  understood,  the  truly  hetercecismal  species 
are  brought  together  ia  the  following  list  :  — 

Teleu'.osporlc  Forms.  .KeidU. 

Chrysomyxa  ledi,  A.  and  S.  . .     .Ecidium  abiclinum,  A    a.ij  S. 

,.    rhoJode'idri         ..         ..        ,.     a-i  •.mi A.  .nid  S. 

C.jicoiporium  sjnecionis,  P.  ..     Perid-r.i  n  «  v     ■  "  'HI- 
Gymnosporjii^jiimi      clavariee- (  Ra;si':ii  1  I  .  .  ;  1:1    s  av  , 

!,'     "S.ili.il'c.  DirCc     '.'.  ..         "     canccll.-ila,  Kcbsut. 

Mclampsni.i.  capieatum,  DC.    CiEoma  euonymi 

li  uppfjrliaiKi,  Kuehn    ..     /Ecidium  coluranare,  A.  and  S 
!',     hari.gli,  riiiiem Caeoma  Ribesii,  I.k. 

„.,.„,, T,,! (      ■•    pin!.or,uun,,A.lir.(?) 


MANY-HOMED  PLANTS. 

Of  late  years,  most  mycologists  who  have  paid  any 
attention  to  the  rust-fungi  have  had  more  or  less  to 
say  about  the  connection  of  aacidial  forms  on  the  one 
hand,  with  teleutosporic  forms  on  the  other  ;  and  cul- 
tures have  been  tiled  by  experimenters  of  all  grades 
of  skill,  with  a  view  to  connecting  isolated  forms  of 
both  sorts.  As  a  result,  the  botanical  literature  of  the 
last  decade  or  two  is  filled  with  notices  on  the  sub- 
ject, ranging  from  speculations  based  on  the  simul- 
taneous occurrence  of  two  forms,  to  evidence  accumu- 
lated in  an  experimental  way  by  such  men  as  De  Bary, 
Cornu  and  Magnus. 

Since  Deslongchamps  suggested,  in  1S62,  Ihit 
Gymnosporangium  fuscum  might  be  genetically  con- 
nected with  Roestelia  cancellata.  Oersted,  Cornu,  and 
Magnus  have  iiistituted  cultures  the  published  results 
of  which  show  that  species  of  these  genera  are  in 
reality  alternating  generations  complementary  one  to 
the  other  ;  yet  it  should  be  noted  that  in  America, 
where  they  reach  their  largest  numbers,  cultures  by 
Farlow  have  given  only  negative  or  contradictory 
results,  while  Rathay  has  had  no  better  success  in 
Europe. 

The  experiments  of  Scholer  on  iEcidium  ber- 
beridis,  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  and  the  later 
and  better  ones  by  De  Bary,  Cornu,  Schroeter,  and 
many  others,  have  apparently  proved  that  a  number 
of  species  of  Puccinia  and  Urorayces  are  connected 
with  .Ecidia  (often  scarcely  distinguishable  them- 
selves) living  on  other  host-plants,  whose  only  con- 
nection with  those  bearing  the  teleutospores  is  co- 
habitation. Still  the  number  of  unconnected  recidial 
and  teleutosporic  forms  is  now  large— a  fact  especially 
true  of  America,  where  cultures  have  not  been  re- 
sorted to  ;  and  even  in  Europe  it  is  doubtful  whether 
anything  is  gained  by  attempts  to  classify  the  species 
with  reference  to  their  life-history. 

One  of  the  latest  papers  on  heterccclsm  is  by 
Rostrup  (Rcvne  Mycologii/iie,  October,  1S84),  and  con- 
tains a  number  of  statements  which  will  interest 
American  students.  Puccinia  suaveolens,  the  fragrant 
rust  of  the  Canada  Thistle,  is  joined  to  the  hetercecis- 
mal  species,  although  its  alternating  generations  occur 
on  different  plants  of  the  same  host.  Puccinia  phrag- 
mitis,  a  rust  common  on  the  Reed,  and  morphologi- 
cally easy  of  recognition,  seems  far  from  being  one  of 
the  simplest,  since  Nielsen  and  Rostrup  claim,  as  the 
result  of  cultures,  that  its  .Ecidium  occurs  on  Rumex 
and  Rheum,  while  Cornu  produced  an  .Ecidium  on 
Ranunculus  repens  as  the  result  of  infection  with  its 
teleutospores  ;  so  that  a  strict  application  of  the  logic 
of  hetercecism  must  necessitate  the  recognition  of  two 
species  in  place  of  one.  Another  curious  thing  about 
the  Reed  rusts  is,  that  Puccinia  Magnusiana,  a  species 
morphologically  different  from  the  last,  also  produces 
cluster-cups  on  Rumex  and  Rheum,  which  cannot  be 
readily  separated  from  those  of  P.  phragmitis,  when 
taken  by  themselves. 

Cseoma,  a  genus  usually  placed  with  the  isolated 
uredo  and  Kcidial  forms,  is  said  by  Rostrup  to  be,  at 
least  in  part,  the  secidial  stage  of  Melampsora,  which 
has  heretofore  been  supposed  to  have  no.Ecidium,  if 
we  except  the  sub-genus  Calyptospora.  C.  euonymi, 
C.  ribesii,  and  C.  mercurialis  are  respectively  con- 
nected with  M.  caprearum,  M.  Hartigii  (in  part),  and 
M.  tremulse,  as  the  results  of  experiments  ;  while  a 
species  similar  to,  if  not  identical  with,  the  last  named, 
is  said  to  cause  the  development  of  Cieoma  pinitor- 
quum  when  sown  on  Pines— a  fact  which,  if  true, 
renders    intelligible   the   greater  abundance    of  the 


irundir 


,  DC. 


.Ecidil 


,  Schu 


','.     corOTata.'tida''     '.'.  '.'.         ,','  rhamni,  Gmel. 

„     di.v.ca:,  Ma?(i „  Jacobesc,  Grcv. 

„     eriophori,  thuom.  . .         .,  ciner.anx,  Rosti. 

CTi-ainiiiis,  P ,  berberidis.  Gmel. 

',]     n.-nosar,  Magii.     '. .  ..     Caioma  lysimactiia;,  Schl. 

]     Ma'^nusiana'  Koern.      ..     /E.idium  rubellum,  ttinel. 

'.,     raol.na:.  Tul ,  orchidearum,  Dcsm. 

„     pliragmitis.  Schum.        ..         „  rubellam,  Gmel. 

,,     po.iniin,  Niels tussilaginis,  Gmel. 

„     rubi"o  vera.  DC.  . .         ,.  asperifolu,  P. 

„     sesleria:,  Kchb.  f.  ..        „  rhamni,  Gmel. 

„    sessilis,  Schn ,.  aliursim.P. 

silvatica,  Sehr ,  taraxici,  Schm.  and  Kze, 

Uromyces  dactylldes,  Otth ranunculacearum,  auct. 


,  De: 


ffO«.  Trektue,  in  the  "  Journal  of  Mycolos;v"  U.S.A. 


GRAPES    AT.  BEXLEY    HEATH 

AND    SWAN  LEY. 

Again  this  year  the  Vines  in  the  monster  houses  at 
Bexley  Heath  are  loaded  with  crops  that  present  a 
sight  such  as  those  whose  acquaintance  with  Grape 
growing  is  confined  to  houses  of  ordinary  dimensions 
can  form  but  a  meagre  idea  of.  The  300  feet  house, 
containing  the  oldest  Vines,  Alicante  and  Lady 
Downe's,  although  they  have  now  for  some  eight 
years  been  annually  loaded  with  fruit  to  an  extent 
that  might  have  been  expected  to  cause  their  throwing 
out  signals  of  distress,  do  not  show  the  least  falling 
off  either  in  the  way  they  finish  up  the  crop,  or  by  a 
weaker  condition  of  the  wood  they  make.  The 
bunches  are  remarkably  even,  the  berries  large,  and 
as  black  as  Grapes  can  be.  The  state  of  the  Vines 
in  this  house,  alter  the  severe  test  they  have  been 
subjected  to,  is  such  as  to  afford  an  instructive  lesson 
as  to  what  the  Vine  is  capable  of  doing  when  the 
conditions  requisite  to  success  are  present,  amongst 
which  liberal  feeding,  water  without  stint  to  the 
roots,  and  the  keeping  the  foliage  free  from  insects, 
are  the  chief. 

The  120  feet  house  of  Black  Alicante  adjoining,  is 
this  season  quite  as  heavily  cropped  as  it  has  been 
each  year  since  it  came  into  full  bearing,  the  bunches 
and  berries  perfect.  The  big  house,  filled  wholly  with 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  is  again  a  wonderful  sight,  the 
fruit  highly  coloured,  and  the  crop  as  heavy  as  that 
borne  last  year,  when  some  who  saw  the  immense 
weight  predicted  that  it  would  ruin  the  Vines.  Some 
of  the  bunches  here  are  not  set  quite  so  evenly  as  they 
were  last  year.  Nothing  in  the  way  of  late  Grapes 
could  promise  better  than  the  two  adjoining  houses  of 
Gros  Colmar.  When  I  saw  them,  the  second  week 
in  September,  they  were  colouring  fast,  with  here  and 
there  a  berry  perfectly  black  and  blue  with  bloom, 
giving  reliable  evidence  of  their  finishing  up  well. 
Like  nearly  the  whole  of  Mr.  Ladds'  Vines,  these 
have  each  two  rods,  the  crop  running  from  twenty- 
four  to  twenty.eight  bunches  to  a  rod. 

The  three  houses  filled  with  younger  Vines,  all 
Black  Alicante,  each  joo  feet  long,  and,  like  those 
already  noticed,  24  feet  wide,  are  quite  equal  in  the 
crop  they  are  carrying  to  the  older  examples.  This  is 
the  second  season  of  their  bearing,  having  been  fruited 
half  their  length  last  year.  The  bunches  here  hang 
thickly  on  the  rods,  and  with  the  berries  are  as  even 
as  if  they  had  been  cast  in  a  mould,  and  as  intensely 
coloured  as  this  useful  winter  Grape  is  capable  of. 
The  bunches  have  this  year  been  a  little  more  thinned 
than  hitherto  has  been  Mr,  Ladds'  practice  with  this 
and  other  late  kinds. 

At  Dartford  Heath,  some  J  or  4  miles  from  Bexley, 
where  up  to  this  time  Peaches,  Strawberries,  and 
Tomatos  alone  have  been  grown,  last  spring  three 
span-roofed  houses  were  built.  They  join  each  other 
side  by  side,  and  are  each  325  feet  long  by  25  feet 
wide  ;  these  have  been  planted  with  Gros  Colmar. 
The  Vines  when  put  in  were  small,    but  have  made 


596 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NOVEMRER   7,    18S5. 


satisfactory  progress  considering  that  as  usual  under 
Mr.  Ladds'  course  of  procedure  the  treatment  they  get 
the  6rst  season  is  such  as  to  make  them  a  secondary 
consideration  to  the  crop  of  Tomatos  with  which  the 
houses  are  filled.  Figures  that  indicate  the  size  of 
these  monster  houses  are  soon  written,  and  as  soon 
read,  but  it  takes  a  little  time  to  realise  fully  what 
they  mean.  The  space  that  these  three  houses  cover 
is  considerably  over  half  an  acre,  or  to  put  it  correctly 
2700  yards.  Taking  into  account  the  low  prices 
which  second-rate  Grapes  now  sell  at,  when  the 
number  of  large  houses  that  Mr.  Ladds  has  come  into 
full  bearing,  and  those  of  others  one  hears  of,  who  are 
going  in  for  Grape  culture  on  an  extensive  scale,  and 
whose  produce  is  confined  to  first-class  fruit,  there 
are  doubts  whether  in  a  short  time  cultivators  of 
inferior  Grapes  will  not  find  themselves  in  a  like  posi- 
tion to  that  of  the  Apple  and  Plum  growers  in 
seasons  of  glut,  with  nothing  left  for  themselves  after 
the  cost  of  carriage  and  sale  are  paid. 

The  four  houses,  each  135  feet,  of  Royal  George 
Peaches  this  season  bore  a  grand  crop  of  highly 
finished  fruit,  ripe  in  June.  The  trees  which  now  fill 
the  space  available  are  in  fine  condition.  This  spring 
five  more  of  this  block  of  \wenty  houses  were  planted 
with  a  hundred  trees  each — 400  Madeleine  Rouge,  and 
100  Royal  George,  all  maidens  ;  they  have  made  fine 
growth,  and  promise  to  carry  a  good  crop  next  year. 

At  Swanley  the  young  Vines  planted  last  spring 
twelvemonths  in  the  block  of  twenty  houses,  each 
200  feet  by  17,  have  made  good  progress,  although 
most  of  them  were  very  small  when  put  out,  being 
struck  from  eyes  in  the  winter,  with  no  particular 
attention  ;  they  were  planted  out  about  April,  when 
little  thicker  than  a  straw,  and  had  to  get  along  as 
best  they  could  amongst  the  Tomatos,  with  which  the 
houses  were  closely  filled  through  the  summer.  Five  of 
these  houses  at  theeasternend  of  the  block  were  planted 
on  each  side  with  the  smallest  examples  of  Black 
Hamburgh,  two  with  Black  Alicante,  and  three  with 
Gros  Colmar,  similar  in  site  to  the  Ilamburghs.  They 
were  cut-in  moderately  close  and  two  rods  taken  up 
from  each,  which,  before  the  end  of  summer,  had 
reached  right  across  up  to  the  ridge  and  down  the 
opposite  side  of  the  house.  Five  of  the  adjoining 
houses,  similar  in  size,  were  planted  at  the  same  time 
with  Black  Hamburghs,  stronger  plants  than  those 
already  mentioned.  These  made  such  progress  as  to 
induce  Mr.  Ladds  to  take  six  or  seven  bunches  each 
from  them  this  season,  the  average  weight  from  each 
being  8  to  10  lb.,  and  the  way  the  canes  have 
thickened 'shows  that  no  harm  has  been  done.  An 
almost  incredible  amount  of  stable  manure  was  put 
into  the  borders,  which  consist  of  the  natural  soil 
simply  trenched  4  feet  deep.  No  artificial  drainage  is 
required. 

Ideas  once  accepted  are  often  all  but  immovable, 
yet  if  those  who  disbelieve  in  putting  manure  into 
Vine  borders,  except  the  orthodox  broken  bones,  had 
seen  these  Vines  this  season,  with  the  fruit  they  bore, 
coupled  with  the  condition  they  are  now  in,  the 
question  might  suggest  itself  as  to  whether  the  slow, 
long-waiting  system  of  young  Vine  treatment  was  the 
right  course  to  follow.  For  there  is  no  disputing  the 
fact  that  unless  manure  without  stint  and  in  a  con- 
dition suitable  for  the  roots  to  take  their  fill  of  had  been 
present  from  the  first  the  fruit  these  Vines  have  borne 
the  year  after  planting  would  have  settled  them, 
whereas  no  evil  etlects  are  not  perceptible.  Every  one 
who  is  at  all  acquainted  with  the  subject  knows  the 
value  of  bones  as  a  manure,  but  aione  their  action  is 
too  slow  for  such  quick  growing,  gross  feeding  plants 
as  the  Vine.  The  Vmes  in  the  biggest  house— 6S0  feet 
— have  done  well,  and  will  next  summer  be  cropped 
half  their  length.  Four  more  houses  were  here 
planted  this  spring  with  Gros  Colmar. 

Tomatos  again  this  season  have  been  the  principal 
crop  succeeding  other  things  in  the  houses  here,  as 
well  as  at  Dartford  Heath  and  Bexley,  and  have 
borne  an  immense  weight  of  fruit,  although  Mr. 
Ladds  says  that  they  have  not  done  so  well  as  last 
year.  But  in  September  vast  quantities  were  just 
beginning  to  colour,  in  fact,  at  that  time  a  large 
number  of  the  houses  appeared  to  be  only  coming  to 
their  best. 

The  stock  of  pot  Strawberries  for  forcing  is  this 
year  again  very  large  ;  the  intention  was  to  grow 
about  150,000,  but  it  has  been  adifficult  matter  to  get 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  runners  on  account  of  their 
being  backward  through  the  combined  effects  of  a  late 
season  and  the  unusually  dry  state  of  the  ground 
preventing  the  plants  making  growth.    T.  B, 


How  to  Grow  Roses.  Samuel  Ryder.  (Ryder  & 
Sod,  Sale,  Manchester.) 
We  have  here,  for  the  price  of  6d.^  a  useful  little 
manual  of  sixty-two  pages  on  the  most  fascinating  of 
horticultural  subjects — Rose  growing.  As  the  author 
candidly  states  in  the  preface,  it  is  totally  void  of 
those  little  digressions  that  make  a  book  more  read- 
able and  interesting  ;  nevertheless,  we  do  not  find 
his  matter  treated  in  too  dry  a  style,  and  we  fail  to 
observe  those  inaccuracies  which  often  mar  amateur 
workmanship.  The  instruction  and  directions  given 
for  forming  a  rosery,  and  for  selecting,  growing, 
and  exhibiting  the  queen  of  flowers  are  just  those  we 
should  expect  from  one  who  is  thoroughly  at  home 
with  his  subject. 


MONSTROUS    PRIMULA. 

A  CORRESPONDENT  sends  blooms  taken  from  two 
plants  of  Primula  alba  magnifica,  all  the  flower-spikes 
coming  up  singly,  as  shown  in  fig.  13S,  the  speci- 
men being  a  mass  of  bloom.     The  malformation  is 


not  uncommon,  and  is  not  infrequently  the  result  of 
extra  vigour  in  the  plant  at  some  stage  of  growth. 


UNCOMMON  GROWTH  OF 
PEACHES. 
In  gardening  as  in  other  matters,  there  are  some 
things  so  generally  accepted  that  they  come  to  be 
looked  upon  as  never  failing  facts,  from  which  there 
is  no  exception.  Such,  for  instance,  as,  that  Peaches 
which  happen  to  be  on  shoots  that  fail  to  make  growth 
beyond  the  fruit  never  grow  so  as  to  attain  their  full  size. 
Yet  this  is  by  no  means  always  the  case,  as  shown  by 
the  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  139),  which  repre- 
sents the  'ruit  of  a  Walburton's  Admirable  Peach, 
grown  this  season  in  one  of  the  houses  at  The  Node, 
Welwyn,  where,  on  several  trees  there  have  been 
numbers  of  like  instances,  in  which  the  Peaches  borne 
on  shoots  that  have  not  only  failed  to  push  beyond 
the  fruit,  but  have  died  back  right  to  it  so  as  not  to 
leave  an  atom  of  live  wood  beyond,  have  been  quite 
equal  in  size  to  those  borne  on  the  same  trees  where 
shoot  extension  in  the  usual  way  has  occurred.  The 
trees  have  carried  full  crops,  the  largest  of  which 
were  from  S  to  9  oz.  ;  neither  was  there  any  percetible 
difference  in  the  flavour  of  the  fruit  borne  by  the 
shoots  that  had  died  back,  The  trees  are  in  excellent 
condition.  Mr.  Fulger,  the  present  gardener  at  The 
Node,  is  a  believer  in  the  necessity  for  a  copious 
application    of  water  overhead  and  to   the  roots  of 


Peaches,  so  as  to  keep  the  foliage  clean  and  free  from 
insects,  and  the  roots  in  the  active  condition  essen- 
tial to  a  healthy  state  of  the  trees.  Those  who  have 
had  anything  to  do  with  Peach  cultivation  will  not 
fail  to  have  noticed  that  it  is  nothing  unusual  for 
shoots  that  make  no  growth  to  carry  an  odd  fruit  or 
so  ;  but  such  fruit  does  not  generally  grow  to  more 
than  half  the  size  of  those  that  are  borne  on  shoots 
where  the  usual  extension  has  taken  place  ;  and, 
moreover,  the  fruit  produced  with  an  absence  of  any- 
thing "  to  draw  the  sap  "  is  usually  so  far  wanting  in 
flavour  as  to  be  worthless.  It  is  in  this  that  the  case 
in  question  differs  from  the  ordinary  run,  showing 
that  there  are  exceptions  in  this  as  in  most  other 
matters. 


LATHYRUS    SATIVUS. 

Last  year  it  is  stated  that  considerable  fatality 
occurred  among  horses  in  Glasgow  from  their  being 
fed  on  the  seeds  of  this  Pea  mixed  with  Oats.  The 
Pea  is  stated  to  have  caused  paralysis  and  spasm  of 
the  muscles,  especially  of  the  wind-pipe  and  larynx, 
whence  tracheotomy  has  been  adopted  with  success. 
The  Peas  in  question  are  said  to  fatten  swine,  but  to 
cause  paralysis  of  the  limbs.  This  is  a  matter  that 
requires  to  be  cleared  up.  It  is  certain  that  the  seeds 
of  many  Papilionaceae  do  contain  not  only  much 
nitrogenous  matter,  legumin,  but  also  a  poisonous 
principle,  e.g.^  Laburnum,  Calabar  Beans,  &c. ;  but 
Lathyrus  sativus,  a  well  known  annual  with  lanceo- 
late leaves,  bluish  Pea-shaped  flowers  on  long  stalks, 
is  extensively  cultivated  in  Southern  Europe  for  its 
seed,  which,  says  the  Treasury  of  Botany,  is  used  for 
the  same  purposes  as  the  Chick  Pea,  the  pod  is  also 
eaten  green,  and  the  whole  plant  is  used  for  forage, 
while  the  Peas  are  much  given  to  poultry. 

The  discrepancies  in  these  statements  may  be  cap- 
able of  reconciliation,  but  the  first  thing  to  do  is  to 
make  sure  that  the  inculpated  seeds  are  really  what 
they  are  described  to  be.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  some 
other  seeds  may  be  the  real  culprits,  although,  as  we 
have  said,  there  is  abundant  evidence  of  the  poi- 
sonous nature  of  the  seeds  of  many  plants  closely  allied 
to  the  Lathyrus  sativus. 

Lalhryrus  sativus  is  a  very  near  relative  of  L. 
odoratus,  the  Sweet  Pea,  and  of  the  Everlasting  Peas 
of  our  gardens,  and  is  only  one  degree  less  nearly  re- 
lated to  the  common  garden  Pea,  Pisum  sativum. 
It  is  the  Gesse  blanche  of  the  French,  and  finds 
mention  in  Vilmorin's  Plantes  Potai^l'res  without  a 
hint  of  its  poisonous  qualities.  It  might  be  said, 
perhaps,  that  the  unripe  seeds,  cooked  and  eaten  like 
green  Peas,  might  be  rendered  harmless  by  the  pro- 
cess of  boiling  ;  but  Vilmorin  goes  on  to  say  that  the 
ripe  and  dry  seeds  may  be  employed  in  soups.  No 
hint  of  its  poisonous  properties  is  given  in  recent 
books  such  as  Luerssen,  Vesque,  or  Baillon.  M. 
Alphonse  de  CandoUe  mention  its  culture  'from  time 
immemorial  as  a  forage  plant,  and  also  seeds. 
Roxburgh  and  Royle  mention  its  use  in  India  for 
similar  purposes,  the  former  specially  mentioning  the 
use  of  the  dried  seeds  as  diet  by  the  natives. 

The  only  trustworthy  evidence  of  its  poisonous 
properties  that  we  have  hitherto  been  able  to  find  is 
contained  in  Duthie  and  Fuller's  field  and  Garden 
Crops  of  North<vest  India  and  Oiidh  (1SS3).  At  p. 
15  of  the  second  part  of  this  work,  where  a  figure  of 
the  plant  is  given,  together  with  full  details  as  to  its 
general  use  and  method  of  cultivation,  the  following 
details  are  given  as  to  the  noxious  effects  of  this  pulse 
when  eaten  in  excess  : — 

"  The  remarkable  part  connected  with  it  is  its  un- 
doubted tendency  to  produce  paralysis,  which  has  been 
ascribed  to  the  nitrogenous  constituents,  in  which  it  is 
exceptionally  abundant.  The  widespread  occurrence  of 
paralysis  in  Sindh  after  a  season  of  extensive  inundations 
in  which  Kasari  (Lathyrus  sativus),  was  grown  on  an  ex- 
ceptionally largescale,  attracted  considerable  observation, 
and  the  settlement  officer  of  Azamgarh  reports  that  similar 
eifects  are  to  be  noticed  in  the  Azamgarh  district,  cases  of 
paralysis  being  far  from  uncommon  in  villages  were  Kasari 
forms  an  important  item  of  diet.  It  may  also  be  noticed 
that  the  occurrences  of  some  cases  of  paralysis  in  the 
military  station  of  Almora  some  few  years  ago  was  traced 
to  the  fraudulent  admixture  of  KasAri  with  the  grain  sup- 
plied for  the  use  of  the  troops.  Colonel  Sleeman  writes  as 
follows  of  the  effect  of  the  large  consumption  of  KasAri 
in  eastern  villages  of  Oudh  :^ 

"  '  In  r829  the  Wheat  and  other  spring  crops  in  this 
and  the  surrounding  villages  were  destroyed  by  a  severe 
hailstorm  ;  in  1830  they  were  deficient  from  the  want  of 
seasonable  rains,  and  in  i83r  they  were  destroyed  by 


NOVEMUER    7,    18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


597 


blight.  During  these  three  years  the  Kasari,  which, 
though  not  sown  of  itself,  is  left  carelessly  to  grow 
among  the  Wheat  and  other  grain,  and  given  in  the 
green  and  dry  state  to  cattle,  remained  uninjured,  and 
thrived  with  great  luxuriance.  In  1831  they  reaped  a 
rich  crop  of  it  from  the  blighted  Wheat  fields,  and  sub- 
sisted upon  its  grain  during  that  and  the  following  year, 
giving  the  stalks  and  leaves  only  to  their  cattle.  In  1833 
the  sad  effects  of  this  food  began  to  manifest  themselves. 
The  younger  part  of  the  population  of  this  and  the 
surrounding  villages,  from  the  age  of  thirty  downwards, 
began  to  be  deprived  of  the  use  of  their  limbs  below  the 
waist  by  paralytic  strokes — in  all  cases  sudden,  but  in 
some  more  severe  than  in  others.  About  half  the  youth 
of  this  village  of  both  sexes  became  affected  during  the 
years  1833  and  in  1834  ;  and  many  of  them  have  lost  the 
use  of  their  lower  limbs  entirely,  and  are  unable  to  niove. 
The  youth  in  the  surrounding  villages  in  which  Kasdri 
from  the  same  causes  formed  the  chief  article  of  food 
during[the  years  1831  and  1832,  have  suffered  in  an  equal 


\\  |aei;baccous   |  oi;(teii 


LILIUM  AURATUM  VAR.  CRUENTUM. 
This  is  a  scarce  and  beautiful  plant,  that  I  had  by 
mistake  from  Mr.  Ware  about  five  years  ago.  Iti  this 
variety  the  centre  of  each  petal  is  marked  with  a 
deep  crimson  band,  but  otherwise  little  difference 
between  it  and  the  normal  form  is  recognisable, 
although  I  fancy  that  it  is  a  more  robust  grower,  and 
with  larger  and  narrower  leaves.  Of  late  a  great 
deal  has  been  written  regarding  the  difficulty  of  pre- 
serving for  more  than  a  couple  of  years  this  fine 
Japanese  Lily,  and  even  plants  raised  from  home- 
saved  seed  have  not  come  up  to  expectation,  for 
these,  iD*nuraerous  instances,  have  disappeared  in  the 


Fig.  139.— unusual  growth  of  peaches,     (see  p.  596.) 


degree.  Since  the  year  1834  no  new  case  has  occurred, 
but  no  person  once  attacked  had  been  found  to  recover 
the  use  of  the  limbs  affected,  and  my  tent  was  surrounded 
by  great  numbers  of  the  youth  in  different  stages  of  the 
disease,  imploring  my  advice  and  assistance  under  this 
dreadful  visitation.  Some  of  them  were  very  fine  looking 
young  men,  of  good  caste  and  respectable  families,  and 
all  stated  that  their  pains  and  infirmities  were  confined 
entirely  to  the  joints  below  the  waist.  They  described 
the  attack  as  coming  on  suddenly,  often  while  the  person 
was  asleep,  and  without  any  warning  symptoms  what- 
ever, and  stated  that  a  greater  portion  of  the  young  men 
were  attacked  than  of  the  young  women.  It  is  the  pre- 
vailing opinion  of  the  natives  throughout  the  country, 
that  both  horses  and  bullocks  which  have  been  much  fed 
upon  Kasdri  are  liable  to  lose  the  use  of  their  limbs  ; 
but  if  the  poisonous  qualities  abound  more  in  the  grain 
than  in  the  stalk  or  the  leaves,  man.  who  eats  nothing  but 
the  grain,  must  be  more  liable  to  suffer  Irom  the  use  of 
this  food  than  beasts,  which  eat  it  merely  as  they  eat 
grass  and  hay.' " 


Publications  Received. — A  Treatise  on  the  Dry- 
ing of  Frjiit^  Nuts,  <^c,  (Waynesboro). — The  Horti- 
cultural Directory  for  18S6  (Office  of  Journal  of 
Horticulture^  171,  Fleet  Street). 


same  miraculous  manner,  so  that  cultivators  are 
almost  deterred  from  further  attempts.  In  my  own 
case  by  far  the  best  results  have  been  got  by  planting 
the  bulbs  in  pure  leaf-mould  with  or  without  sand, 
and  in  a  rather  dry,  sheltered  border.  Under  such 
treatment  they  not  only  flower  well  from  year  to  year, 
but  increase  in  stature  and  number  of  stems  as  well 
— sure  proof  that  they  are  at  home.  The  specimen 
of  cruentum  planted  five  years  ago  has  now  two 
flowering  stems,  one  6  feet  in  height,  and  bearing  ten 
flowers  of  immense  proportions  ;  the  other  having 
four  flowers  on  a  stem  4  feel  high.  Other  examples 
of  successful  cultivation  in  leaf-mould  might  also  be 
adduced,  whilst  at  the  same  time  bulbs  planted  in 
ordinary  loam  have  gradually  declined,  and  ultimately 
died  out  altogether. 

Hyacinthus  candicans. 
Groups  of  these  plants,  where  rightly  placed  in  a 
garden— that  is,  where  their  tall  spikes  of  pure  white 
blooms  are  backed  up  with  some  of  the  darker 
foliaged  shrubs — have  a  fine  effect,  single  specimens 
giving  but  a  poor  idea  of  what  the  plants  appear  when 


established  in  good  bold  masses.  Certainly  the  most 
successful  cultivation  of  this  now  deservedly  popular 
plant  that  we  have  yet  seen  was  brought  under  our 
notice  a  few  days  ago  at  Penrhyn  Castle,  where,  inter- 
spersed with  Rhododendrons,  a  whole  bed  was  devoted 
to  their  culture.  Planted  as  single  bulbs  three  years 
ago  they  have  now  trebled  their  number,  many  of  the 
spikes  measuring  as  much  as  6  feet  in  height,  and 
loaded  with  their  large  white  funnel-shaped  flowers. 
The  bed  in  which  they  are  so  successfully  grown  was 
specially  prepared  of  almost  pure  peat  for  the  choicer 
Rhododendrons,  but  the  happy  thought  suggested 
itself  at  the  time  of  utilising  the  waste  space  between 
the  rows  by  planting  the  bulbs  of  this  Hyacinth.  That 
they  have  done  well  we  need  hardly  repeat,  the  shelter 
of  the  Rhododendrons,  above  whose  heads  the  flower- 
stems  just  appear,  and  cool  peaty  soil,  evidently  suit-* 
ing  their  wants  to  perfection. 

Sea  Hollies. 
Amongst  the  Eryngiums  perhaps  none  is  finer 
or  more  attractive  than  E.  amethystinum,  with  its 
noble  tufts  of  dark  green  foliage  and  conspicuous 
steel-blue  flowers.  E.  giganteum  is  another  species, 
that  should  not  be  overlooked,  being  highly  orna- 
mental and  of  a  remarkable  pleasing  appearance,  the 
cone-shaped  heads  of  effective  blue  flowers  standing 
well  above  the  foliage,  and  at  once  rivelting  the  atten- 
tion of  the  passer-by.  Light,  well  worked  soil  and  an 
open  suQny  position  suits  them  best,   Evicrgo. 


j4oME     j^CRFiE3P0NDENCE. 


Brunsvigia  Josephinas. — This  is  rather  an  ex- 
pensive bulb  to  buy,  but  is  well  worth  the  outlay.  The 
genus  Brunsvigia  is  closely  allied  to  Amaryllis,  and 
ought  to  share  in  its  popularity.  The  bulb  increases 
to  a  large  size,  and  throws  up  a  thick  scape  supporting 
an  umbel  of  sometimes  as  many  as  sixty  flowers,  many 
of  which  will  be  3  inches  across.  The  colour  is  a 
clear  crimson,  a  little  lighter  than  the  hue  of  the 
Jacobaean  Lily.  The  leaves  follow,  Colchicum-Iike, 
a  good  while  after  the  flower-spike  has  withered  away. 
It  is  an  exquisite  plant  placed  among  Ferns,  so  as  to 
rear  its  vivid  scarlet  from  their  bright  greenery.  B. 
coranica  is  cheaper  to  buy,  but  is  much  inferior  to  the 
giant  Josephine.  Both  give  no  trouble  to  cultivate, 
and  flower  in  pots  as  greenhouse  plants  ;  in  this  re- 
spect, indeed,  beyond  the  powers  of  few  villa 
gardeners.  That  lovely  Irid,  Dietes  (Morsa)  bicolot 
was  flowering  splendidly  m  the  month  of  September, 
in  the  Tresco  Abbey  gardens.  The  colour  of  the 
petals  is  a  bright  sulphur,  with  a  black-brown  velvety 
spot  at  the  base  of  each.  When  folks  have  got  tired  of 
buying  infinitesimally  different  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias, 
or  even  Daflodils — though  far  be  it  from  me  to  sneer 
against  anything,  least  of  all  Daffodils — there  is  some 
chance  of  such  valuable  and  delightsome  bulbous 
flowers  as  the  above  having  their  due  meed  of  admira- 
tion and  loving  care.   C.  A,  M.  C. 

Edible  English  Fungi  :  Truffles.— Have  any 
edible  English  fungi,  except  Mushrooms,  been  arti- 
ficially cultivated  ?  If  so,  what  varieties  and  what 
method  of  culture  has  been  adopted  ?  Have  TrufHes 
been  successfully  cultivated  in  England  ?  If  so,  how  ? 
What  is  known  about  the  artificial  cultivation  of  them 
abroad  ?  The  information  given  by  Cooke  and 
Berkeley  I^Fmtgi:  their  Nature,  Influence,  and  Uses) 
appears  fragmentary  and  unsatisfactory.  Is  nothing 
more  known  ?  R.  S, 

Ornamental  Gourds. — Numerous  varieties  ol 
these,  such  as  Lagenarias,  Cucurbitas,  and  Cucumis, 
have  been  seen  at  recent  shows  in  London  and  else- 
where, amongst  which  many  desirable  forms  were 
observed.  We  ought  to  grow  the  most  interesting  of 
these  plants  more  commonly  than  is  now  the  case,  for 
many  other  things  are  grown,  and  with  difficulty,  that 
afford  less  satisfaction  than  these  do,  in  the  process  of 
unfolding  their  curious  shapes  from  the  tiny  beginning 
onwards.  They  are  often  recommended  to  grow  in 
unsightly  places,  or  to  cover  arid  banks,  but  then  it  is 
only  the  rapidly  growing  leafage  that  it  is  desired  to 
encourage,  fruit  being  secondary.  The  plants  form 
an  admirable  screen,  when  tied  on  a  stout  espalier 
fence  of  wood,  and  in  small  gardens  would  serve  to 
enclose  an  unsightly  summer  framing  ground,  or  the 
like.  The  fence  should  not  be  less  than  6  feet  high, 
and  even  then  the  vines  will  reach  the  top,  and  should 


593 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


INOVEMBER  7,    1885. 


be  encouraged  to  descend  the  other  side  of  the  fence. 
If  the  site  is  a  sunny  one,  and  the  plants,  which 
should  be  raised  on  a  slight  hotbed  in  March  or  April, 
are  planted  on  a  barrowful  each  of  stable  manure 
fresh  enough  to  give  off  a  trilling  heat,  progress  will 
be  rapid,  and  ripened  specimens  of  any  of  the  smaller 
varieties  may  be  looked  for  in  September  and  October. 
It  may  be  mentioned  that  all  species  bearing  white 
flowers  are  recognised  as  being  unfit  for  food,  but 
those  with  yellow  blooms  as  wholesome.  Mclc^ifo. 

Fruiting  of  Yucca  filamentosa. — There  is  now 
in  my  nurseries  a  plant  of  Yucca  filamentosa  carrying 
a  seed-pod  which  will  soon  be  ripe.  Now,  as  I  have 
never  heard  of  any  Yucca  seeding  in  this  country  I 
should  like  to  know  if  it  is  really  an  unusual  occur- 
rence, and  if  so,  I  should  feel  obliged  if  you  would 
kindly  notice  it  in  your  esteemed  paper.  E,hi>J. 
Morse^  Epsom. 

Varieties  of  Belladonna  Lilies.  —  I  send  you 
flower-stems  ol  two  varieties  of  (juernsey  Lilies.  The 
green  stem  is  that  ol  an  eatly-liowering  variety,  com- 
ing into  bloom  early  in  September  ;  and  the  red  stem 
that  of  a  much  later  variety,  now  in  full  bloom  (Octo- 
ber 30).  I  should  be  gbd  to  know  if  they  are  known 
and  recognised  as  diflercnt  forms  ?  They  differ  also 
most  markedly  in  height,  the  early  green-stemmed 
form  being  almost  twice  as  high-growing  a  plant  as 
that   which  produces  red   flower-stems.    J.    T.   Per, 


The  Proposed  International  Horticultural 
Exhibition.  — Probably  the  chief  dilHcu'iy  to  be  sur- 
mounted in  reference  to  the  proposed  International 
Horticultural  Exhibition  is  the  maintenance  of  it  in  a 
truly  practical  and  representative  form  with  living 
products  over  a  long  season.  Hitherto  no  such 
proposition  has  been  made,  and  the  possibility  of 
working  out  the  suggestion  has  no  precedent  for 
guidance.  We  cannot  have  a  show  worthy  of  the 
name  that  does  not  include  all  kinds  of  plants, 
and  for  these  we  must  be  indebted  chiefly  to 
the  horltcultural  trade.  But  the  members  of  this 
body,  whilst  most  anxious  to  further  the  interests  of 
horticulture,  and  even  to  promote  a  fitting  corollary 
in  1SS7  of  tlie  magnificent  show  of  1S66,  would 
of  necessity  shrink  from  subjecting  their  valuable 
plants  to  such  an  exposure  as  would  endanger  them, 
certainly  materially  injure  them,  and  cause  the 
owners  irreparable  loss.  Private  owners  of  plants 
could  hardly  be  expected  to  be  more  disinterested  ; 
indeed,  no  exhibition,  however  representative  and 
grand,  could  be  esteemed  satisfactory  if  the  result,  as 
far  as  many  of  the  most  interesting  subjects  of  the 
show  were  concerned,  was  to  produce  injury  and 
perhaps  death.  All  our  great  shows  of  horticultural 
products  so  far  have  been  but  tentative  in  character 
because  of  the  obvious  diiticulties  which  the  nature 
of  their  component  parts  present  ;  hence,  whilst  fitful, 
and  for  the  season  and  objects  shown  successful,  yet 
they  have  never  proved  fully  representative  of  horti- 
culture. The  special  objects  of  a  portion  of  a  season 
no  more  represent  the  horticultural  products  of  a  year 
than  do  a  dish  of  Apples  or  I'otatos  in  their  seasons 
represent  all  the  products  of  gardens  in  fruits  and 
vegetables  for  the  whole  year.  Without  doubt  some- 
thing to  remedy  that  defect  in  ordinary  shows  has  been 
done  at  South  Kensington  during  the  past  two  or 
three  years,  and  the  visitors  to  the  Exhibitions  at  the 
fornightly  meetings  have  been  enabled  to  observe 
that  British  gardening,  even  as  there  represented, 
is  not  a  thing  of  to-day  or  to-morrow,  but  of  one 
endless  continuity.  If  it  be  desirable  to  exhibit  in 
1SS7  a  genuine  show  of  what  horticulture  is  all 
the  world  over,  certainly  there  may  be  found  certain 
elements,  especially  in  the  matter  of  hardy  trees 
and  shrubs,  in  which  living  objects  may  be  utilised 
eflectively  for  an  entire  season,  whilst  to  these 
enduring  features  may  be  added  dried  specimens, 
models,  and  myriads  of  garden  or  horticultural 
appliances.  But  the  really  attractive  features  of  the 
continual  show  must  certainly  be  looked  for  in  a  series 
of  intermittent  displays  of  produce  in  season — in  fact, 
a  very  considerable  expansion  of  the  present  system 
of  shows  as  adopted  by  the  Council  and  the  Commis- 
sioners conjointly.  To  carry  out  such  an  extended 
and  costly  arrangement  by  the  aid  of  prizes  a  schedule 
extending  over  six  months  would  need  the  aid  of 
several  thousands  of  pounds  to  produce  the  needful 
competitions  and  gather  together  the  desired  objects. 
Assuming  some  such  arrangement  to  be  carried  out 


it  is  obvious  that  it  could  only  be  done  by  the  joint 
action  of  the  Commissioners,  the  Council  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  horticulturists  gene- 
rally, and  the  arrangements  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
a  joint  committee,  in  which  each  body  should  be 
adequately  represented.  Without  doubt,  the  lack  of 
foresight  on  the  part  of  the  Commissioners  has  led 
to  means  of  access  to  the  exhibition  buildings  and 
the  gardens  being  terribly  cramped,  and  probably 
there  is  no  place  ol  show  so  difficult  to  reach  at  the 
present  moment  as  is  the  conservatory  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Gardens.  No  scheme  for  the  carry- 
ing out  of  a  great  international  exhibition,  which 
would  render  the  frequent  removal  of  the  objects 
absolutely  needful,  could  be  conducted  unless 
provision  were  made  for  some  more  convenient 
means  of  access  than  at  present  exist.  But  the 
question  alter  all  is  open  to  debate  whether,  assuming 
an  international  show  in  1SS7  is  determined  upon,  it 
is  needful  to  n-.ake  it  continuous,  and  to  hold  it  at 
South  Kensington.  Why  may  not  a  great  show  be 
promoted  in  London  on  an  independent  basis,  and 
by  an  independent  though  eminent  representative  com- 
mittee like  that  of  1S66?  It  seems  really  doubtful 
whether  it  is  in  the  power  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  with  all  its  fresli^c  to  secure 
the  patronage  of  royalty  now  [  ?  ],  and  certainly 
that  would  be  a  most  important  element  in  any  such 
undertaking.  /'. 

As  the  Gardeners'  Chronkk  shows  so  praise- 
worthy a  desire  to  hive  the  suggestion  of  an  Inter- 
national Horticultural  Exhibition  for  1SS7  thoroughly 
ventilated,  and  as  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  invite  all  interested  in  such  an 
exhibition  to  meet  the  Chairman,  in  the  music  room 
of  the  Inventions  Exhibition,  on  Tuesday  next,  I 
embrace  the  opportunity  offered,  to  say  a  few  words. 
My  excuse  for  writing  is  that  I  was  associated  with 
the  last  exhibition  of  the  kind,  held  in  1S66.  It 
might  be  considered  a  truism  to  say  that  any  Interna- 
tional Horticultural  Exhibition,  to  be  thoroughly 
successful,  must  first  of  all  be  thoroughly  national. 
Such  was  the  International  Exhibition  of  1866.  The 
idea,  having  originated  from  similar  exhibitions  held 
in  Brussels  and  Amsterdam,  in  the  years  1S64  and 
1S65,  was  suggested  by  a  few  leading  horticulturists, 
and  as  spontaneously  taken  up  by  British  horticul- 
turists. A  list  of  names,  from  Her  Majesty  downwards, 
was  readily  forthcoming  as  patrons,  guarantors,  or 
donors,  and  all  worked  smoothly  to  the  end.  What 
is  the  position  at  this  time  ?  The  Royal  IL^rticultural 
Society  is  moving  in  the  matter.  Does  it  possess  the 
/•resli^e,  or  the  power,  to  make  ol  this  scheme  a 
national  movement  ?  It  is  the  only  society  within 
.the  precints  of  the  metropolis.  Admittedly,  it  has  no 
grounds  at  South  Kensington,  and  is  wanting  in 
funds.  It  has  the  will,  and  much  working  powers  ; 
but  these  are  not  enough.  I  hold  its  monthly  shows, 
just  past,  have  not  added  really  to  its //vj/^r.  They 
have  been  too  numerous.  Tens  of  thousands  of 
visitors  to  the  "Inventories"  have  viewed  them, 
expecting  to  see  much  more  at  the  Society's  exhibi- 
tions. They  have  contrasted  them  with  local  pro- 
vincial shows,  and  are  not  likely  to  make  special 
efforts  to  see  another  in  a-similar  place  or  manner, 
however  large  or  grand  it  is  represented  to  be  or  really 
is.  The  Society  cannot  be  blamed  for  this.  Those 
minor  shows  were  all  exceptionally  good,  the  merits 
of  the  exhibits  being  of  a  very  high  standard  indeed. 
That  horticulture  has  been  advanced  by  them  is 
undeniable,  but  from  the  point  of  view  I  have 
explained  I  fear  the  Society  may  have  suffered.  My 
impression  is,  if  the  I\oyal  Horticultural  can  but 
make  a  start  in  this  matter,  if  they  can  but  induce 
the  Commissioners  to  enter  into  the  scheme  and  aid 
Ihem  by  giving  the  ground,  assisting  as  donors  or 
guarantoi :,  or  both,  and  then,  having  done  this 
work,  step  back  and  permit  the  Society  to  assume 
its  legitimate  proportions,  with  the  hearty  co-opera- 
tion of  every  individual  horticulturist,  and  the  equally 
needed  indirect  aid  of  Horticulture's  innumerable 
sympathisers,  the  scheme  will  command  success.  It 
must  not  be  forgotten,  however,  that  funds  in  no 
meagre  proportion  must  be  forthcoming  to  bridge 
over  the  doubt  existing  between  the  prepared 
display  and  assured  reimbursement,  and  to  secure 
which  need  I  reassert  how  extremely  desirable  it 
is  to  make  the  scheme  truly  general?  Even  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  must  lay  aside  what  to 
four-fifths  of  practical  gardeners  is  known  as  its 
exclusive  tendencies,  else  there  wtll  remain  a  danger 
that  such  a  result  may  accrue  as  will  make  it  better 


that  the  project  had  never  been  entered  upon.  In 
view  of  securing  funds  could  not  a  scheme  be  pro- 
pounded by  which  donations  (above  a  certain  sum) 
should  be  repaid  provided  a  success  were  assured. 
IVilliam  EarUy,  Ilford. 

Curious  Position  for  Pears.— On  a  spur  on  the 
main  stem  ol  a  Pear  tree  in  the  gardens  here  there 
were  three  Pears  (Beurrc  Clairgeau)  fully  above 
average  size  produced  this  season.  The  spur  is 
iS  inches  from  the  ground,  and  iS  inches  below  the 
lowest  branches,  where  they  unite  with  the  tree. 
The  spur  is  two  years  of  age  and  about  6  inches  long. 
Those  were  the  only  Pears  the  tree  produced  this 
season.  The  tree  was  planted  about  thirty  years  ago, 
but  the  variety  not  being  cared  for,  the  branches  were 
cut  doA'n,  and  another  variety  (Prince  of  Wales) 
grafted  on  the  tree  about  sixteen  years  ago.  The 
above-mentioned  spur  is  the  old  or  original  variety. 
7.  P.  P. 

Spruce  and  Larch  Hedge,— These  forest  trees 
make  capital  hedges  if  planted  at  about  a  foot  apart, 
in  trenched  ground.  The  trees  may  be  allowed  to 
grow  to  6  or  S  feet  in  height,  and  then  be  topped,  and 
the  side  cut  in  so  as  to  make  the  thickness  at  the 
bottom  about  2  feet,  and  allow  the  foliage  to  extend 
outwards  at  the  top  to  9  inches.  With  a  stout  fence 
wire,  or  Ash  poles  run  through  it  at  25  feet  from  the 
ground  and  again  at  5  feet,  a  fence  strong  enough  to 
resist  cattle  is  made  when  grown  strong.  Both 
kinds  of  trees  bear  the  shears  well,  which  may  be 
used  in  August  ;  and  sometimes  spring  clipping 
is  done,  but  it  is  rarely  required,  unless  the 
weather  has  been  mild  all  through,  since  the 
late  summer  operation.  As  wind-breaks  in  exposed 
gardens  and  nurseries,  such  hedges  are  much  sooner 
available  than  those  made  of  deciduous  material, 
and  on  account  of  their  height  and  impermeability 
the  space  enclosed  acquires  a  relatively  high  degree 
of  warmth.  Thuia  Warreana  sibirtca  is  also  a 
good  hedge  plant  where  a  compact,  ornamental 
fence  is  required— not  combined  with  defence  against 
animals,   IV,  tV. 

Vanda  coerulea.— Quite  recently  in  the  pages  of 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  this  lovely  Orchid  has  been 
mentioned  ;  several  correspondents  have  given  the 
size  of  the  plants  of  which  they  have  charge,  none  of 
which  can  compare  with  a  specimen  now  flowering  in 
the  collection  at  Lake  House,  Cheltenham.  There 
is  a  specimen  worthy  the  name,  and  one  of  which  the 
owner,  G.  Nevile  Wyatt,  Esq.,  is  justly  proud. 
This  plant  is  about  2  feet  6  inches  from  the  top  of 
the  pot,  has  seven  breaks,  and  eight  racemes  cf 
flowers,  the  total  of  the  latter  being  about  ninety,  or 
slightly  over  the  average  of  eleven  flowers  on  each 
raceme  ;  this  is  probably  one  of  the  finest  specimens  in 
cultivation.  It  is  now  at  its  best  ;  that  is,  the  earliest- 
developed  flowers  are  well  coloured,  and  the  charac- 
teristic reticulation  prominent.  These  net-like  veins 
appear  to  be  developed  just  prior  to  maturity  being 
reached,  and  were  distinctly  visible  when  I  saw  the 
plant  on  October  30.  Some  small  plants  are  at 
Lake  House  which  exhibit  much  health  and  vigour, 
and  I  doubt  not  the  gardener,  Mr.  Simcoe,  would 
give  publicity  to  his  mode  of  culture,  by  doing  which 
he  would  confer  a  benefit  on  a  large  number  of  the 
admirers  of  this  pretty  Orchid.  E,  Jenkins. 

Old  Pot  Pears.— After  your  flattering  notice  of 
our  orchard-house  Pear  trees,  p.  493,  perhaps,  in 
justice  to  old  Mr.  Rivers'  hobby,  I  ought  to  say  that 
after  being  more  than  twenty-eight  years  in  pots  they 
continue  to  bear  very  well  and  fine  fruit.  They 
can  have  no  more  shifts  of  pots,  the  size  of 
these  is  limited  to  what  a  man  and  stout  lad  (the 
extent  of  our  cottage  garden  establishment)  can 
carry.  Some  seasons  one  Pear  has  finest  flavour, 
in  others  another.  This  year  Beurrc  d'Anjou  has 
finer  flavour  than  I  ever  before  remember  it  to  have 
had.   George  F,  Wilson, 

Exhibition  Onions.  —  The  enormous  Onions 
shown  at  the  last  exhibition  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  are  perhaps  worthy  of  an  award  as 
exhibition  enormities,  but  should  scarcely  be  held  up 
to  gardeners  as  being  objects  to  imitate  in  the  ordinary 
kitchen  garden.  In  but  few  places  is  the  demand  for 
these  over-large  productions  at  all  excessive,  as  they 
are  fitted  only  for  roasting  or  serving  whole.  When 
Onion  seed  is  sown  moderately  thick,  a  very  trifling 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


599 


thinning-out  of  the  crop  is  necessary.  The  bulbs  re- 
suUing  from  the  crop  so  treated  will  be  of  all  sizes,  from 
l^  inch  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  consequently, 
sufficiently  varied  to  meet  without  waste  all  the 
different  requiremets  of  the  kitchen.  The  abnor- 
mally large  Onions  take  special  treatment  and  con- 
siderable space  to  grow  them,  keeping,  moreover, 
badly,  be  the  sort  brought  under  such  treatment  what 
it  may.  The  largest  varieties  shown  seemed  to  be 
hybrid  forms  of  the  white  Spanish,  an  early  ripening 
raid-season  Onion.  M. 

Sulphide  of  Potassium. — In  your  article  on  the 
Chrysanthemum,  of  the  31st  ult.,  you  say  "the  first 
traces  of  mildew  should  be  destroyed  with  flowers  of 
sulphur  dusted  over  it."  Why  flowers  of  sulphur, 
when  there  is  a  remedy  so  far  superior  available? 
Sulphur  in  that  form  is  unsightly,  inconvenient  to 
apply,  and,  being  insoluble,  very  imperfect  in  its 
effects.  Some  time  ago  I  directed  attention  in  your 
columns  to  a  very  soluble  sulphur  compound,  sulphide 
of  potassium,  which,  when  applied  in  solution,  say 
half  an  ounce  to  the  gallon,  leaves  no  unsightly  effects, 
is  easily  distributed  over  the  plant  by  the  syringe, 
spray  disperser,  or  by  immersion,  and  which,  so  far 
from  being  in  any  way  injurious,  actually  benefits  the 
plant,  even  when  applied  to  its  roots,  killing  fungus 
in  the  soil  and  driving  out  worms.  The  solution  kills 
all  fungoid  growth  wiih  which  it  comes  in  contact, 
but  it  is  not  sufficient  in  some  cases  to  syringe  only, 
as  I  have  met  with  some  forms  of  mildew  which  throw 
olTthe  solution  as  a  duck's  back  repels  water  ;  in  such 
cases  contact  must  be  ensured  by  the  sponge  or  other 
means.  An  ehicient,  cheap,  and  easily  applied  remedy 
cannot  be  too  widely  made  known  if  consideration  be 
given  to  the  infinite  mischief  done  to  the  Vine, 
Cucumber,  Hop,  Pea,  Rose,  Ilullyhock,  Chrysan- 
themum, &c.  (the  list  is  too  long  to  be  enumerated  in 
full  detail),  by  various  forms  of  fungoid  disease.  I 
intend  another  year  to  try  its  eft'ect  on  the  Pear, 
soon  after  the  fruit  is  set,  as  some  of  the 
best  varieties  in  my  gaiden  are  rendered  worthless 
by  forms  of  fungus  peculiar  to  that  fruit  ;  for  this  and 
other  purposes  it  is  desirable  that  a  spray  disperser  on 
a  large  scale  should  be  contrived.  No  one  who  has 
ever  tried  sulphide  of  potassium  would  ever  again 
have  recourse  to  flowers  of  sulphur.  Mr.  Coleman, 
of  Eastnor  Castle  Gardens,  writes  : — "  I  have  given 
the  small  bottle  of  sulphide  of  potassium  a  fair  trial, 
and  the  excellent  eft'ect  it  has  produced  is  more  than 
satisfactory— it  is  marvellous  ;  "  a  gardener  of  his 
eminence  would  not  have  committed  himself  to  terms 
so  strong  unless  he  had  thoroughly  proved  its 
efficiency.  Sulphide  of  potassium  is  equally  fatal  to 
low  forms  of  animal  and  vegetable  life  in  animals,  as 
in  plants  ;  consequently  is  a  specific  for  the  diseases 
caused  by  them  ;  I  can  testify,  after  an  extended 
experience  of  more  than  thirty  years,  in  the  words  of 
Mr.  Coleman,  to  the  excellent,  and,  indeed,  marvel- 
lous cures  effected  by  it,  often  when  skilled  physicians 
had  failed  in  various  forms  of  skin  diseases,  poisoned 
wounds,  whitlows,  &c.,  in  man,  mange  in  various 
animals,  grease  in  horses,  gapes  in  pigeons,  poultry, 
&c.  It  is  very  rarely  used  by  the  medical  profession  ; 
they  do  not  try  it  because  it  is  not  considered  an 
elegant  preparation,  and  as  it  has  an  odour  often 
associated  with  sewers  may  be  supposed  in  these  days 
of  sanitary  sciolism  to  be  injurious  to  health.  Edmund 
TonkSf  KnowJe,  Nov.  I. 

Vanda  ccerulea.— I  feel  much  obliged  to  "J.  D," 
for  the  information  he  advances  at  p.  563,  concerning 
his  treatment  of  and  successs  in  the  cultivation  of  this 
fine  Orchid.  Notwithstanding  his  statement  as  to 
the  number  of  gardens  near  London  in  which  its  cul- 
tivation is  thoroughly  understood,  I  still  maintain 
that  it  might  be  more  common  considering  its  cheap- 
ness as  stated  by  him,  and  its  exceptional  beauty.  He 
now  virtually  recognises  the  truth  of  my  statement  as 
to  its  handsomeness.  After  such  a  confession  I  should 
have  expected  that  "J.  D."  would  be  satisfied.  In- 
stead of  which  he  goes  back  to  the  original  article 
and  cites  another  passage,  upon  which  he  desires 
elucidation.  The  existence  of  the  yellow  spot  and 
ridges  or  plates  on  the  labellum  is  undeniable,  and  un- 
less he  considers  their  presence  a  useless  possession  to 
the  plant  (which  I  do  not),  it  would  be  interesting  to 
know  what  purpose  they  serve  in  the  economy  of  the 
plant  in  a  state  of  Nature,  if  not  as  pathfinders  to  that 
insect  or  those  insects  that  habitually  fertilise  it.  Out 
of  twenty-four  genera  belonging  to  the  Vandese  group 
examined  by  Darwin  he  concluded  that  not  a  single 


plant  would  set  a  seed  without  the  aid  of  insects. 
There  are  probably  hundreds  of  cases  where  similar 
spots  and  lines  exist,  did  time  and  space  allow  me  to 
enumerate  them,  and  they  all  point  to  the  nectary. 
These  occur  generally,  if  not  exclusively,  in  highly 
specialised  flowers,  adapted  for  fertilisation  by  the 
higher  classes  of  insects  such  as  Lepidoptera  and 
Apid^je.  A  great  number  of  the  species  of  Dianthus 
are  most  legitimately  fertilised  by  diurnal  Lepidoptera, 
which  alone  have  a  proboscis  long  enough  to  reach 
the  honey.  Flies  and  other  short-lipped  insects  often 
visit  them  for  their  pollen.  In  perfectly  double 
flowers  little  or  no  pollen  exists,  I  am  much  inter- 
ested in  the  subject,  and  perhaps  "J.  D."  would 
furnish  the  information  as  to  what  class  of  insects  he 
has  observed  "  in  a  house  of  Carnations  in  flower," 
and  what  they  were  collecting.  F. 


EALING,  ACTON,   and  HANVVELL  : 
November  3  and  4. 

Tin:  annual  autumn  show  of  this  Society  was  held  in 
ihe  Lyric  Ilall,  Ealing,  on  the  above  days,  thus  ranking 
with  the  very  earliest  exhibitions  of  Chrysanthemums 
hi:ld  this  year.  The  result,  however,  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  Chrysanthemums  are  rather  late,  was  far  from  disap- 
pointing, as,  although  trained  plants  were  backward,  the 
cuifiowerswere  first-rate,  and  the  competitions  exceedingly 
good,  although  this  year  limited  to  the  radius  of  the 
Society, 

Amongst  plant  exhibits,  very  beautiful  was  a  grand 
group  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots  from  Messrs.  C.  I^ee 
&  Sons,  grown  by  their  able  Ealing  manager,  Mr. 
Cannon.  This'huge  group,  or  rather  twin  groups, 
comprised  most  of  the  best  kinds  in  cultivation,  incurved, 
Japanese,  Anemone,  &c.  ;  the  flowers  fine,  the  plants 
wtll  foliaged,  and  all  in  most  creditable  form. 

From  Mr.  Roberts,  (lunncrsbury  Park  Gardens,  came 
a  very  beautiful  lot  of  nine  plants,  very  effectively  employed 
to  decorate  the  stage  fronting  into  the  Hall,  and  which 
included  scarlet  Plumbagos,  Nerines,  scarlet  and  white 
Bouvardias,  Scabious  (dwarf  and  well  flowered),  with 
good  Crotons,  &c.,  all  faced  with  Maidenhair  Ferns, 
and  Panum  variegatum, 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co  ,  7.  Covent  Garden,  sent  from 
their  Twickenham  nurserya  basket  of  some  of  their  fine 
Tree  Carnations,  and  in  addition  to  High  Commendation 
received  a  First-class  Certificate  lor  Chevalier,  pale 
yellow,  flecked  with  rose. 

Of  other  plant  groups  Mr.  Fountain,  gr.  to  Miss 
Wood,  Hanger  Hill,  for  a  delightfully  fresh  and  elegant 
lot  of  Ferns;  Mr.  G.  Fulford,  gr.  to  |.  Boosey,  Esq., 
Ealing;  and  Mr.  King.  gr.  to  J.  A.  Gibbons,  Esq., 
Castle  Hill,  both  of  whom  had  large  and  effective  groups 
of  Chrysanthemums,  received  equal  ist  prizes  in  the 
miscellaneous  class. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Smith,  of  Ealing  Dean,  sent  a  large  collec- 
tion of  his  fine  strain  of  Cyclamen,  of  the  most  meri- 
torious kind  ;  and  Mrs.  Smith,  who  stands  in  the  fiont 
rank  of  bouquettists,  a  couple  of  superb  bouquets,  one  of 
crimson  and  golden  Chrysanthemums,  and  the  other  of 
white  Camellias,  Eucharis.  and  double  white  Primulas 
for  base,  with  tjuds  of  Madame  Falcot  Tea  Rose  and 
Neapolitan  Violets  projecting.  Also  a  beautiful  floral 
fan.  the  frame  being  covered  with  white  lace,  and 
upon  this  ground,  arranged  on  coloured  Bramble 
leaves,  five  radiating  sprays  of  white  flowers  and 
Maidenhair  Fern  ;  on  the  obverse  side  were  sprays  of 
Ivy  ;  this  was  novel  and  most  beautiful,  and  worthy 
the  acceptance  of  a  queen. 

The  trained  plants  of  Chr>'santhemum  may  be  passed 
over  as  late  though  full  of  promise.  On  the  other  hand 
the  show  of  cut  flowers  was  a  surprise,  the  class  for 
twelve  incurved  blooms  bringing  eight  exhibits,  the  best 
coming  from  Mr.  B>;eslcy,  gr.  to  A.  Eraser.  Esq..  Ealing, 
who  had  very  good  Empress  of  India,  Golden  Empress, 
Queen  of  England,  Lord  Alcester,  Lord  Wolseley,  Emily 
Dale,  Midshipman,  Prince  Alfred,  Mr.  Bunn,  Refulgen::, 
Jeanne  d'Arc,  and  Baron  Beust  ;  Mr.  H.  Davis,  gr.  to  H, 
G.  Lake,  Esq.,  Chiswick,  was  2d,  with  good  compact 
flowers  ;  and  Mr.  Collyer,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Murrell,  Ealing, 
was  3d. 

For  twelve  Japanese  Mr.  Davis  was  ist,  having  mode- 
rate-sized but  capital  blooms,  including  good  M.  C. 
Andiguier,  Margot,  Jeanne  Delaux,  HivreFIeur,  Madame 
Lacroix,  &c.  Mr.  Collyer  and  Mr.  Beesley  took  other 
prizes. 

In  the  class  for  nine  incurved,  Mr.  Long,  gr.  to  E.  B. 
Rider.  Esq.,  Ealing,  was  well  ist,  with  fine  flowers  ; 
Mr.  Baird,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Daw,  Esq.,  Castle  Hill,  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger  Hill 
House,  was  3d.  In  this  class  Mr.  Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J, 
Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Gunnersbury  House,  had  an  extra 
prize,  for  blooms  set  up  with  their  own  foliage— a  very 
desirable  arrangement,  a  single  stout  wire  supporting 
each  flower.  This  method  of  setting  up  blooms  eUcited 
great  praise  from  the  judges. 

A  very  pleasing  class  was  found  in  the  pompon  sec- 
tion, for  these  flowers  are  always  well  done  at  Ealing. 
Mr.  E.  Smith,  gr.  to  T.  Nye,  Esq.,  was  ist,  with  clusters 


of  three  blooms,  each  in  twelve  kinds,  having  capital 
flowers  of  Sueur  Melanie.  Rose  d'Amour,  .Thais,  Bob, 
Madame  Monlales,  Rose  Trevenna,  Prince  Victor,  Regu- 
lus,  Adcle  Prevelte,  and  Mrs.  McCoi.  Mr.  Beesley, 
who  was  2d,  had  good  blooms  of  Marabout.  Elise 
Layellior,  Fanny.  Miss  Nightingale,  Atre  de  Noel,  &c. 

In  the  class  for  six  pompons  Kfr.  Collyer  was  ist,  with 
fine  blooms.  A  very  fine  bloom  of  Lord  Alcester,  shown 
by  Mr.  Beesley,  was  the  best  single  incurved  ;  and  the 
best  singlejapanese  was  M.  C.  Audiguier,  from  the  same 
exhibitor. 

The  competition  in  other  classes  for  cut  blooms  was 
large,  the  flowers  being  chiefly  of  the  kinds  previously 
named. 

Some  fine  bouquets  of  this  flower  were  also  shown, 
the  best  one,  of  white  kinds,  coming  from  Mr.  Chad- 
wick. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  some  fifty  blooms,  chitfly  Japanese, 
was  staged  by  Mr.  Harnian,  gr.  to  V.  C.  Capps,  Esq., 
who  did  not  show  for  competition.  F.  A.  Davis,  La 
Frisure,  Soleil  Levant,  Comte  di'  Ccrniiny,  Margot, 
Madame  Lacroix,  Incomparable,  and  La  Pureiii,  were 
first-rate  specimens.  Some  good  incurved  flowers  were 
also  included.  The  judges  awarded  three  Certificates  of 
Merit  to  good  kinds  of  recent  introduction  in  this 
collection. 

Fruits  were  largely  shown,  the  best  three  bunches  of 
Grapes  coming  Jrom  Mr.  Hudson,  who  had  superb 
Black  Alicante,  Alnwick  Seedling,  and  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ;  whilst  Mr.  Baird,  who  came  2d,  had  good 
Black  Ahcante  only  ;  Mr.  Milson,  gr.  to  W.  Lindell, 
Esq.,  EaUng,  having  fine  Lady  Downe's,  wanting  more 
colour. 

Mr.  Chadwick  had  the  best  three  dishes  of  Pears  in 
BeurrL'  Bosc,  Marie  Louise,  and  Bcurr^  Did  ;  Mr. 
Milson  coming  2d  with  fine  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Peurr6 
Diel,  and  Beuric^  Superfin. 

Mr.  Hudson  was  ist  with  three  dishes  of  dessert 
Apples,  having  good  Blenheim,  Ribston,  and  King 
Pippins.  He  was  also  ist  in  the  corresponding  class  for 
kitchen  Apples  with  Blenheim  Pippin,  Golden  Xoble, 
riclily  coloured  ;  and  Dumelow's  Seedling. 

Messrs.  Lee  &  Sons  showed  a  fine  collection  of  fifty 
kinds  of  Apples  in  good  variety. 

Mr.  Chadwick  staged  as  many  of  Pears  and  Apples, 
receiving  a  ist  prize  in  the  miscellaneous  class,  and  Mr. 
Garlandroy  showed  twenty  dishes  of  good  kinds,  obtain- 
ing a  2d  prize. 

Some  twelve  lots  of  four  dishes  of  Potatos  were  shown 
in  a  class  for  prizes  offered  by  the  Messrs.  Sutton  & 
Sons,  Reading  ;  a  cottager,  Mr.  John  Farndon,  coming 
ist  with  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Magnum  Honum,  Interna- 
tional, and  Schoolmaster. 

There  were  capital  collections  of  six  kinds  of  vege- 
tables shown,  Mr.  Wright  having  the  best,  and  Mr. 
Slatter  the  finest  Celery  in  Fulham  Prize. 

In  all  the  cottagers  and  other  classes  the  competitions 
were  large,  and  those  for  boiled  Potatos  provoked  much 
interest,  the  cooking  as  a  rule  being  first-rate. 


LAMBETH    AMATEUR    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM  :  Novembers. 

This  Society  has  been  formed  for  the  purpose  of 
advancing  the  culture  of  this  favourite  flower  in,  we  may 
safely  venture  to  say,  one  of  the  most  unfavourable  dis- 
tricts, viz,  a  radius  of  ih  mile  from  the  "Elephant 
and  Castle."  The  success  the  Society  has  achieved  can 
only  be  estimated  by  a  visit  to  their  annual  exhibition, 
of  which  the  one  held  in  Hawkstone  Hall,  Westminster 
Bridge  Road,  S.E.,  was  the  eleventh.  The  exhibits 
taken  all  round  were  really  remarkable,  all  things  con- 
sidered ;  in  fact,  some  of  them  were  quite  equal  to  many 
seen  at  the  principal  shows.  The  specimen  plants  were 
fine,  and  the  various  groups  very  attractive.  The 
arrangement  of  a  Chrysanthemum  show  does  not  admit 
of  much  departure  from  the  ordinary  routine  ot  tables 
for  blooms  with  plants  "down  the  middle,"  and  the 
groups  and  specimen  plants  on  the  floor  to  hide  the 
walls,  but  the  Executive  in  this  instance  had  certainly 
imparted  a  slight  though  very  eft'ective  change  by 
arranging  a  pyramidal  group  of  decorative  plants  mid- 
way of  the  tables.  The  whole  appearance  of  the  show 
was  such  as  to  give  great  pleasure  to  all  visitors,  whether 
from  the  vicinity  or  not. 

The  priaes  were  awarded  as  follows  : — 

Pot  Pi..\nts. 

For  six  standard  Chrysanthemums. — ist,  Mr.  W.  L, 
Tracy,  with  good  examples  of  Colonel  George  Glenny, 
Mrs.  Rundle,  Golden  Christine,  and  Arigena  ;  2d,  Mr. 
F.  R.  Williams,  his  best  being  Christine.  .Ariadne,  and 
Golden  Christine.  For  three  ditto,  the  same  gentlemen 
were  placed  as  before. 

Best  group,  not  less  than  twenty  varieties,  to  be 
arranged  in  80  square  feet,  general  effect  and  quality  to 
be  the  leading  features. — ist,  Mr.  H.  Ellis,  with  a  taste- 
fully arranged  group  of  well-bloomed  plants  of  medium 
height,  with  very  robust  though  "sooty-looking  "foliage  ; 
his  finest  examples  were  Madame  de  Levin,  Golden 
Beverley,  MM.  Tozier,  Margot,  Triomphe  de  Chatelet, 
Fabian  de  Mediana,  &c.  2d  :  this  prize  was  rather  diffi- 
cult to  decide,  on  account  of  the  even  nature  of  the  other 
groups,  but  we  think  the  judges  were  correct  in  award- 
ing it  to  Mr.  J.  Hole,  whose  collection,  though  sniafl, 
was  of  fine  quality.  3d,  Mr.  W.  Clarke.  A  very  credit- 
able group  was  also  staged  by  Mr.  A.  Ball. 

For  six  untrained  bush  pompons. — ist. Mr. W.L.Tracy, 
with  good  plants,  only  exhibited  about  a  week  too  soon, 
as  the  blooms  were  not  fully  expanded. 

For  six  dwarf  pompons  the  same  gentleman  was  ist, 
with  neat  httle  plants,  trained  on  a  star-shaped  trellis. 

For  six  standard  pompons  Mr.  Tracy  was  also  ist ; 
Mr.  T.  F.  Davison  was  ist  for  three  ditto. 


6oo 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  18 


Cut  Flowers. 

For  twelve  Chrysanthemums,  incurved,  Mr.|A.  Ball 
was  decidedly  ist,  with  fine  blooms  of  Mr.  Brunlees, 
Golden  Beverley,  a  grand  bloom  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Mr.  Bunn.  White  Globe,  Mrs.  Shipman,  Colonel  George 
Glenny,  Nil  Desperandum,  Nonpareil,  Mrs.  Halliburton, 
Golden  EaE:le,  and  George  Glenny ;  2d.  Mr.  W.  L. 
Tracy,  with  Gfood  examples  of  Bella  Donna,  Lady 
Slade.  White  Beverley,  Refulgence,  and  George  Glenny  ; 
3d,  Mr.  T.  Hadden.  Mr.  A.  Ball  was  ist  also  for  six 
ditto  ;  2d,  Mr.  Brown  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  F.  Davison. 

For  six  blooms,  incurved,  one  variety. — ist,  Mr.  Brown, 
with  Colonel  George  Glenny  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  R.  Wilson, 
with  George  Glenny. 

For  twelve  Anemone-flowered. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Clarke, 
with  some  good  blooms  of  Minnie  Chat^,  Lady  Mar- 
garet,  Prince  of  Anemones,  Bijou.  Empress.  Gluck, 
Madame  Goderaux.  Marguerite  d'Anjou,  and  Acquisi- 
tion ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Ellis,  his  best  being  Lady  Margaret, 
Georges  Sands,  and  Acquisition. 

For  six  Japanese,  Anemone-flowered.  Mr.  R.  Ellis 
was  ist,  with  Sosur  Doretht^e,  Souille,  Madame  Bertier, 
Pigmy,  Fabian  de  Mediana,  Madame  Theresa  Closs. 

For  twelve  reflexed  Chrysanthemums. — ist,  Mr.  A. 
Ball,  with  Emperor  of  China.  King  of  the  Crimsons, 
Chevalier  Domage,  Pink  Christine,  Jewess,  and  Ariadne  ; 
2d.  Mr.  F.  R.  Williams,  3d,  Mr.  T.  Hadden.  For  six 
ditto,  Mr.  A.  Rail  was  again  1st,  Mr.  W.  L.  Tracy  2d, 
Mr.    F.  R.  Williams  3d. 

For  twelve  Japanese  Chrysanthemums,  Mr.  C.  |.  Fill 
was  ist.  with  good  examples  of  Fernand  Feral,  "Etoile 
Toulousaine,  Mr.  j;  Lang,  Mons.  Tarin,  Cry  Kang, 
Japon  Fleur,  Madame  B.  Rendatler.  Red  Gauntlet, 
James  Salter,  Le  Chinois,  Mons.  Mousillac.  and  Rosea 
Superba  ;  2d.  Mr.  T.  Child,  with  Comte  de  Germiny, 
Madame  la  Croix.  Garnet.  Flamme  de  Punch  ;  3d.  Mr. 
W.  L.  Tracy,  For  six  ditto,  the  same  gentlemen  held 
their  respective  places.  For  six  ditto,  of  one  variety, 
Mr.  C.  J.  Fill  was  ist,  with  fine  examples  of  Monsieur 
Tarin  ;  Mr.  T.  F.  Davison  2d,  with  James  Salter. 

For  twelve  Anemone  pompons. — ist.  Mr.  H.  Ellis  ;  2d, 
Mr.  T.  F.  Davison.     For  six  ditto.  Mr.  J.  Hole. 

For  bouquet  of  pompon  blooms,  Mr.  C.  J.  Fill  was  ist  ; 
Mr.  T.  F.  Davison  2d. 

For  an  epergne  of  Chrysanthemum  blooms,  Mr.  C.  J. 
Fill  was  also  ist,  with  a  splendid  vase  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  R, 
Williams. 

Non-Competing  Classes. 

In  the  class  for  honorary  members  Mr.  J.  J.  Hillier 
was  the  only  exhibitor,  but  his  stands  made  up  for  the 
absence  of  others  by  their  excellence.  Mr.  T.  Child 
exhibited,  not  for  competition,  six  splendid  blooms  of 
Golden  and  White  Queen  of  England.  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware, 
Tottenham,  also  staged  a  small  stand  of  Chrysanthe- 
mum blooms.  The  Athenaeum  Pottery  Glass  Company 
were  Highly  Commended  for  a  neat  display  of  aquaria, 
fern  cases,  live  fish,  &c.  Silver  Cups  were  awarded  for 
the  best  group,  twelve  incurved  and  twelve  Japanese, 
and  special  prizes  as  seconds,  with  the  exception  of  the 


AMERICAN   FORESTRY   CONGRESS. 

The  fourth  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Forestry 
Congress  was  recently  held  in  the  Horticultural  Hall, 
Boston. 

President  Higley,  in  opening  the  proceedings,  said 
that  the  subject  which  had  brought  the  members  to- 
gether was  one  of  great  importance.  Legislative  action 
will  soon  be  secured  in  various  States,  but  legislative 
action  cannot  be  expected  until  the  majority  of  the 
people  are  awakened  to  their  importance.  The  recent 
destructive  flood  in  Canton,  China,  caused  an  Immense 
loss  of  life  and  property,  and  the  flood  was  caused  by 
the  removal,  some  years  ago.  of  forests,  to  make  room 
for  food  crops.  The  Chinese  are  eminently  an  agricul- 
tural people,  and  they  have  in  many  places  sacrificed 
large  forests  to  make  room  for  Rice  culture.  There  is 
abundant  evidence  in  America  of  the  effects  of  cutting 
off  the  forests.  In  central  New  York  are  many  ponds 
which  formerly  furnished  power  to  numerous  mills  ;  now 
these  are  dry.  or  at  best  only  stagnant  pools,  the  dams 
have  decayed,  the  mills  are  deserted.  The  spring  is 
later  ;  formerly  young  cattle  were  turned  out  early 
in  April,  now  it  is  much  later  ;  Peach  trees  which 
formerly  gave  abundant  crops  are  now  dead.  But  in 
the  spring  the  warm  rain  melts  the  snow,  and  sudden 
floods  carry  away  bridges,  dams,  houses,  and  other 
property.  The  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers  are 
frequently  difficult  of  navigation  in  summer,  the  Con- 
necticut and  Hudson  rivers  are  lower  in  summer  than 
formerly,  and  the  Schuylkill  is  so  much  affected  by  the 
destruction  of  forests  near  its  head  that  the  water  supply 
of  Philadelphia  is  seriously  threatened.  The  climatic 
influences  of  forests  are  of  the  greatest  importance  and 
seriously  affect  the  horticultural  interests  of  the  country. 
People  are  disposed  to  get  thegreatest  possible  benefits 
from  their  property,  and  are  not  disposed  to  neglect  the 
cutting  of  timber  and  draining  of  swamps,  even  when 
they  know  seriously  it  must  affect  the  surrounding 
country.  But  timber  land  is  not  a  dead  waste  ;  it  can 
be  utilised  and  made  profitable.  In  Kansas  the  settlers 
early  learned  the  importance  of  trees  in  that  country, 
and  took  measures  to  preserve  the  natural  forests  and  to 
cultivate  new  groves.  As  a  source  of  profit  in  Nebraska, 
ths  cultivation  of  trees  ranks  next  to  the  raising  of  stock. 
Forestry  has  proved  remunerative  in  Europe,  where  for 
1153  years  it  has  been  under  Government  patronage. 
The  book-keeping  is  accurate,  and  the  balance-sheet  is 
undisputed.  In  Prussia  with  6.000.000  acres  of  pubUc 
forests,  there  is  a  profit  of  7,000.000  dols.  ;  in  Saxony, 
the  profit  is  4,500,000  dols.  ;  and  in  Bavaria,  with 
3.000,000  acres,  the  profit  is  4,500,000  dols.  In  Alsace 
during  the  past  ten  years  the  annual  income  has  been 
1.786.948  dols.,  the  expenditure  596,684  dols.,  leaving 


an 'annual  nettjprofit'of'i,  190,264  dols.  It  is  estimated 
that  the  profits  of  the  forests  in  the  country  amount  to 
800,000.000  dels,  per  year.  There  is  a  large  destruction 
by  fire,  and  the  annual  loss  from  this  source  is  estimated 
at  25,  c;oo.ooo  dols.  The  amount  of  timber  used  lor  rail- 
road ties  is  enormous,  and  estimating  that  thirty  years 
are  required  for  the  growth  of  trees  for  this  purpose,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  have  17.000,000  acres  constantly 
growing  as  a  railroad  reserve.  "  Arbor  Dav  "  has  done 
much  good  in  the  interests  of  forestry.  Whatever  you 
would  do  for  the  country,  you  must  put  into  the  public 
schools.  The  school  children  take  great  interest  in 
"Arbor  Day."  Forestry  schools  should  be  established, 
the  public  lands  should  be  preserved,  there  should  be  a 
more  general  observance  of  "  .^rbo^  Day,"  and  attention 
should  be  paid  to  the  relations  between  commerce  and 
forestry. 

Vice-President  N.  H.  Egleston.  Chief  of  the  Forestry 
Division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  exhibited  a 
large  coloured  chart,  showing  the  proportion  of  forests 
and  waste  and  cultivated  land  in  the  various  States.  He 
pointed  out  that  we  are  destroying  our  forests  at  the  rate 
of  a  section  of  country  equal  to  the  State  of  Rhode 
Island,  every  five  days,  or  to  the  State  of  Massachusetts 
every  thirty  days.  In  closing  he  said — We  may  well  in- 
quire how  long  the  forests  can  endure  this  drain,  how 
long  the  country  can  bear  this  rapid  destruction  of  the 
most  important  material  element  of  its  prosperity.  We 
may  well  inquire,  and  ask  the  country  to  inquire  with  us 
most  earnestly,  what  can  be  done  to  lessen  this  destruc- 
tion or  avoid  its  threatening  consequences.  More  than 
one-fifth  of  this  annual  destruction — that  occasioned  bv 
forest  fires— is  preventable,  and  ought  to  be  stopped. 
The  growth  of  n(»w  forests  demands  every  reasonable  en- 
couragement. The  destruction  of  the  forests  is  our  de- 
struction. Our  prosperity,  our  existence,  depend  up^n 
their  preservation. 

Mr.  William  Little,  a  lumberman  of  Canada,  ex- 
pressed his  conviction,  based  on  an  experience  of  fifty 
years,  that  the  forests  are  devastated  by  the  woodman's 
axe  rather  than  by  fire.  Nature  restores  the  forests  by 
growth  more  quickly  than  the  fires  can  destroy  them. 

The  second  day's  morning  session  opened  at  10.30 
o'clock.  President  Higley  in  the  chair,  the  Hon.  Marshall 
P.  Wilder  occupying  the  honorary  seat  at  his  right. 

The  President,  in  a  complimentary  speech,  introduced 
Colonel  Wilder  to  the  Congress,  congratulating  him  on 
celebrating  his  eighty-seventh  birthday  on  the  previous 
day. 

Mr.  Wilder  said  he  should  never  be  so  old  as  not  to 
appreciate  the  objects  of  the  Association.  He  welcomed 
its  members  to  their  first  meeting  in  New  England.  He 
recalled  the  successful  work  of  the  Massachusetts  Horti- 
cultural Society,  the  first  of  its  kind  in  America.  He 
closed  by  urging  the  Congress  to  continue  in  its  great 
work. 

Professor  N.  H.  Egleston  of  Washington,  read  a 
paper  on  the  ".State  of  Forest  Legislation  in  the  United 
States."  By  far  the  most  legislation  seeks  the  protec- 
tion rather  than  the  extension  of  forests.  He  alluded  to 
provincial  laws  in  the  earliest  days  providing  heavy 
penalties  for  the  cutting  of  certain  trees  held  to  be  valu- 
able— Oak  and  Mulberry,  for  instance,  that  were  sought 
to  be  preserved  for  shipping  and  silk  culture.  The  con- 
tinuance of  this  course  by  the  United  States  Government 
had  been  confined  to  the  protection  of  the  live  Oak  for 
the  navy,  but  in  other  respects  Congress  had  been 
neglectful.  The  timber  used  in  the  construction  of  the 
Mexican  Central  Railroad.  Professor  Egleston  said,  was 
stolen  from  the  Government  forests  of  New  Mexico  and 
Arizona.  The  difTiculty  of  proof  in  the  case  of  forest 
fires  was  noted  as  showing  how  laws  of  the  several  States 
are  rendered  practically  null.  But  little  had  been 
accomplished  in  the  way  of  extending  forests,  except  by 
private  efforts  in  but  a  few  instances.  In  the  West  the 
interest  is  growing. 

"Forest  Economy  in  Canada"  was  the  subject  of 
Hon.  H.  J.  Joly's  paper.  It  was  an  easy  matter,  he 
said,  for  Canada  to  hmit  the  cutting  of  lumber  to  Crown 
lands  unfit  for  settlement,  and  these  are  let  out  to  the 
cutters  on  lease,  or  during  good  behaviour  under  the  law. 
In  1883  the  province  of  Quebec  enacted  a  law  of  this 
purport.  He  gave  an  illustration  of  the  disastrous 
results  of  endeavouring  to  settle  poor  land,  the  forest 
originally  covering  it  being  first  destroyed.  He  urged 
the  Congress  to  work  on  for  posterity  in  the  face  of  all 
obstacles,  and  closed  by  describing  the  stringent  legis- 
lation covering  locomotives,  their  owners  and  drivers,  to 
prevent  forest  fires. 

Professor  P.  H.  Dudley,  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  exhibited  a  series  of  photo-micrographs,  show- 
ing the  structure,  tissues,  and  cells  of  various  woods, 
and  gave  brief  descriptions  of  them  and  their  uses  for 
railway  purposes. 

Mr.  S.  W.  Powell,  of  Brooklyn,  read  a  paper  on 
"  What  pre  the  Requisites  of  an  effective  Forest  Fire 
Legislalio.1?  ■■  He  said  that  legislation  should  not  be 
too  much  in  advance  of  public  sentiment,  for  fear  of  re- 
action, and  should  be  followed  by  steady  enforcement  to 
insure  efficiency.  Discrimination  should  be  made  be- 
tween direct  and  indirect  damage,  and  special  oflficers 
should  be  appointed  so  as  to  be  beyond  partisan  influ- 
ences. The  danger  from  visitors  in  such  regions  as  the 
Adirondacks  was  pointed  out.  and  proprietors  and  guides 
urged  as  the  proper  persons  to  fill  the  forest  official 
positions.  In  the  lumber  districts  the  prudent  must 
restrain  the  reckless. 

Mr.  J.  N.  Lander.  Superintendent  of  Motive-power 
on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  read  a  paper  on  "  Sparks" 
Arresterfor  Locomotives."  The  enlargement  of  engines, 
made  possible  by  the  advent  of  steel,  has  allowed  of 
larger  furnace  area,  and  consequent  opportunity  for 
more  perfect  combustion.  Such  engines  Mr.  Lander 
believed  to  be  absolutely  safe  for  roads  running  through 
forests. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wedmesdav,  November  4,  1885, 


Hygrome- 

tncal.  De- 

Barometer 

THE  Air. 

from 

Wind. 



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Oct. 

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3968 

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—  35 

36-7 

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39.97 

+0.2153.535.5 

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^i  W,NW.  "" 

3987 

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7.0 

48.81+  3.046.3 

'■  1 1  w.s.' w.  "■'^ 

29,68  |-o.ios3..i 480 

4.3 

48  0|+  24^47.2 

97     W.S.W.0.3, 



1 





! 

Mean 

3970 

-aoS49  740.3 

9-5 

44.5;-  ..f  ,3}    8,    .    Van- 

I. OS 

Oct.  29.— Fine  morning,  dull  afternoon,  fine  night. 

—  30.— Fog  in  early  morning,  dull  day. 

—  31. -Rain  from  early  morning  till  about  noon,  darkness 

from  I  i-.M.  to  2  P.M.,  very  dull  after  2  p.,\i. 
Nov.  i.-Fine  day,  fog  in  evening. 

—  2. — Dull  in  early  morning,  very  fine  day. 

—  3- — Drizzling  rain  from  early  morning  throughout  the 

—  4- — Drizzling  rain  from  early  morniog  till  evening,  fine 

night.     

London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  31,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.31 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29  67  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  25(h,  decreased  to  29.10  inches 
by  II  A  M.  on  the  26ih,  increased  to  29.52  inches 
by  9  P.M.  on  the  2Sih,  decreased  to  29.49  inches  by  I 
P.M.  on  the  same  day,  increased  to  30  05  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  the  30th,  decreased  to  29.33  inches  by  I 
P.M.  on  the  31st,  and  was  29.34  inches  by  the  end 
of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.55  inches,  being  0.20 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.36  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  56'. 5,  on  the  26'h,  on 
the  31st  the  highest  temperature  was  45°  S.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  48°. 7. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  32°,  on  the  30th, 
on  the  27th  the  lowest  temperature  was  43°.5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  3S'. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
20°.  5,  on  the  26th  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  31st,  was 
3°.  8.  The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
10°.  7. 

The  mean  temperature  were  on  the  25th,  40°  ;  on 
the  26lh,  47°.4  ;  Jon  the  27th,  45° ;  on  the  28tb, 
4i°.3  ;  on  the  29th,  44°.!  ;  on  the  30th,  39°.  5,  and 
on  the  31st,  43°;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  (excepting  the  26th,  which  was  o°.2  above) 
by  7°-5.  '°-9.  5°-4.  2°.5,  6°,  and  3°.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  42°.9, 
being  i°.5  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°.8  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  73°.  on  the  26th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  65°.8. 

The  lowest  reading  o(  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  25°,  on  the  3o;h.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  3i°.5. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  two  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.67  inch. 

England  :  Temperature.— Daiing  the  week  end- 
ing October  31,  the  highest  temperatures  were  58°.4 
at  Cambridge,  58°.  2  at  Bristol,  57°  at  Truro  and 
Plymouth  ;  the  highest  at  Bolton  and  Newcastle  was 
50°,  at  Sheffield  and  Preston  51°.  The  general  mean 
was  54°. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  28°.8  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 30°  at  Cambridge,  30°.  8  at  Bolton  ;  the 
lowest  at  Brighton  was  36°.  5,  at  Truro,  Liverpool, 
and  Newcastle  36°.     The  general  mean  was  33°.  2. 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


601 


The  greatest  ranges  were  28°.4  at  Cambridge, 
26°. 2  at  Wolverhampton,  25°  at  Bristol  ;  the  least 
ranges  were  14°  at  Newcastle,  I5°.4  at  Liverpool, 
I7°.3  at  Bradford.     The  general  mean  was  20°.S. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  54°,  at  Plymoulh  52°. S,  at 
Biistol  51°.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  46°.  2,  at 
Sheffield  46°.  5,  at  Liverpool  47°.  2.  The  general 
mean  was  49°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  42°.4,  at  Plymouth  39°.9.  at  Liver- 
pool 39°.5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  34°.  i. 
at  Bolton  35",  at  Sheffield  36°.7.  The  general  mean 
was  38°. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolver- 
hampton, I4°.4,  at  Bristol  I3°.6,  at  Cambridge  13°; 
and  was  least  at  Liverpool,  7°.  7,  at  Newcastle  8".  3, 
at  Brighton  and  Bradford  9°.6.  The  general  mean 
was  Il\ 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  47°-4. 
at  Plymouth  45°.6,  at  Bristol  43°.  5  ;  and  was  low- 
est at  Bolton,  39°.8,  at  Wolverhampton  40°.S,  at 
Sheffield  40°.S.     The  general  mean  was  42°.7. 

i¥a/«.— The  largest  falls  were  3.04  inches  at 
Bolton,  3  03  inches  at  Truro,  2.09  inches  at  Sheffield  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.55  inch  at  Bristol,  0.67  inch 
at  Blackheath,  0.S9  inch  at  Newcastle.  The  general 
mean  was  1.45  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  31,  the  highest  temperature  was  50°, 
at  Paisley  and  Perth  ;  at  Dundee  the  highest  tempera- 
ture was  4  8°.  7.     The  general  mean  was  49°.  3. 

The  lowest  temperature  in    the  week  was  21°,  at 
Perth  ;    at    Leith   the  lowest  temperature    was   29°. 
.  The  general  mean  was  25°. 9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  41°. 8  ; 
and  lowest  at  Perth,  39°.9.  The  general  mean 
was  40°.  9. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  2.03  inches,  at 
Greenock  ;  the  smallest  fall  was  o  46  inch,  at  Edin- 
burgh.    The  general  mean  was  i.oi  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


strongly  from  the  southward  in  the  west,  and  mode- 
rately from  east  in  the  south-east,  but  as  the  depres- 
sion referred  to  above  passed  along  the  Channel 
strong  winds  or  gales  from  between  east  and  north 
were  experienced.  At  the  close  of  the  period  mode- 
rate to  strong  south-westerly  breezes  were  reported. 


most  successful  exhibitor  at  the  Brighton  and  other 
horticultural  shows,  producing  both  plants,  flowers, 
and  fruit  of  the  highest  merit.  In  these  days  of  fre- 
quent changes  it  is  a  pleasure  to  note  such  a  long 
period  of  service  as  the  above.  That  the  same  was 
valued  by  his  noble  employer  it  is  almost  needless  to 
mention,  for  the  Earl  always  took  a  lively  interest  m 
his  garden,  visiting  his  aged  and  faithful  servant  but 
a  few  hours  only  before  his  decease.    7-  ^' 


©nrjuirws. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  2,  18S5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  wcaMw  has  been  cloudy  or  dull 
very  generally,  with  a  considerable  amount  of  rain. 

The  temperature  has  about  equalled  the  mean  in 
'*  Scotland,  E.,*'  but  elsewhere  it  has  continued  below, 
the  deficit  varying  between  i"  and  3'.  The  daily 
maxima  were  generally  low,  but  on  November  2  they 
ranged  from  54°  in  the  north  and  west  of  Scotland  to 
58°  in  "Ireland,  S.,"  and  59°  in  "Scotland,  E." 
The  minima,  which  were  recorded  either  on  Octo- 
ber 30  or  31,  varied  between  26°  in  "England, 
N.W.,"  29°  in  the  "Midland  Counties,"  and  33°  in 
"Scotland,  W.,"  and  "Ireland,  S."  In  the 
"Channel  Islands"  the  minimum  was  43°. 

The  rainfall  has  been  rather  less  than  the  mean 
in  "Scotland,  E.,"  and  about  equal  to  it  in  "  Eng- 
land, S.,"  and  "  Ireland,  S.,"  but  more  in  all  other 
districts.  Over  central  and  north-western  England 
the  excess  was  large. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  in  Scotland,  but 
an  increase  over  England  and  Ireland.  The  per- 
centages of  the  possible  duration  ranged  from  1 1  in 
"  England,  N.E.,"  to  37  in  the  "  Midland  Counties," 
and  41  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  observed. — The  distribution  of  baro- 
metric pressure  has  been  subject  to  considerable 
changes,  and  the  movements  of  the  depressions  some- 
what erratic.  The  disturbances  which  most  affected 
the  wind  and  weather  in  our  islands  were  the 
following  :  —  I,  a  band  or  "  trough "  of  low 
pressure,  having  two  distinct  minima,  which 
stretched  from  Scotland  to  the  south  of  Sweden  on 
the  28th,  and  subsequently  moved  south-eastwards; 
and,  2,  a  small  but  rather  deep  depression  which 
moved  quickly  up  the  Channel  during  the  night  of  the 
30th— 3ISI,  and  afterwards  disappeared  to  the  south- 
eastward. At  the  end  of  the  period  the  barometer 
was  again  falling  in  the  west,  and  further  de- 
pressions were  approaching  us  from  the  Atlantic. 
Strong  westerly  winds  or  gales  were  prevalent  till 
late  on  the  28th,  when  fresh  north-westerly  or 
northerly  breezes  became  general  for  a  time. 
By  the    30th,    however,    the    wind     was    blowing 


Law   Notes. 

Punishment  for  Petty  Pilfering  at  theRoyal 
Dublin  Society's  Show.— A  Dublin  correspondent 
states  :— APthe  Southern  Divisional  Police  Court  here 
on  Saturday,  October  17,  before  Mr.  Woodlock,  a 
respectably-dressed  man,  Arthur  Murphy,  of  32, 
Haddington  Road,  no  business,  was  charged  with 
having  stolen  prize  Potatos,  value  \s.,  the  property  of 
Mr.  Seymour  Mowbray,  from  the  premises  of  the 
Royal  Dublin  Society,  Ball's  Bridge. 

Constable  93  E  stated  that  his  attention  was 
attracted  to  the  prisoner  by  the  manner  in  which  the 
latter  was  observing  him.  Witness  followed  the 
accused,  and  the  Utter,  seeing  that  he  was  being 
looked  after,  entered  the  premises  of  the  Royal  Dublin 
Society,  and  went  into  the  refreshment  saloon.  When 
he  came  out,  he  (witness)  asked  him  what  was  the 
bulk  he  had  in  his  pocket.  The  prisoner  said  they 
were  a  few  Potatos  he  had  got  inside,  but  he  did  not 
know  who  gave  them  to  him.  Witness  then  charged 
him  with  the  unlawful  possession  of  the  Potatos, 
when  he  admitted  that  he  had  taken  one  off  each 
plate. 

The  Prisoner :  "I  got  them  on  the  floor,  and  thought 
it  was  no  harm  to  take  them. 

The  Constable  :  He  afterwards  made  a  further 
statement  that  he  got  one  off  the  plate,  and  the  others 
on  the  floor. 

The  Prisoner :  I  had  no  notion  it  was  any  harm  to 
take  them,  as  the  exhibitors  had  all  gone  away. 

Mr.  P.  S.  Barrington  stated  that  the  Royal  Dublin 
Society  was  anxious  to  press  the  charge  in  the 
interests  of  exhibitors,  who  were  really  not  safe  if 
such  a  course  were  allowed  to  be  pursued.  The 
Potatos  stolen  were  portion  of  a  collection  for  which 
a  prize  of  £l  had  been  awarded.  Another  exhibitor 
had  taken  a  ^23  prize.  Some  of  the  exhibitors  had 
actually  to  put  their  Potatos  in  rabbit  nets  to  protect 
them  from  being  stolen. 
Mr.  Woodlock  :  Is  this  a  thing  that  has  been  often 

done  ?  ,  .,  •         t 

Mr.  Barrington  :  No,  it  is  not.  Exhibitors  have 
confidence  in  the  Society,  because  there  is  always  a 
very  careful  look-out  kept. 

The  prisoner  said  he  was  very  sorry  for  it,  but  as 
the  exhibitors  had  all  cleared  away,  finding  the  Potatos 
lying  on  the  ground  here  and  there,  he  thought  it  no 
harm  to  take  them. 

Mr.  Barrington  :  The  Potatos  on  the  tables  were 
not  cleared  away. 

The  prisoner  was  fined  40^..  <«  <>"«  months 
imprisonment. 


'  He  that  qiitstioneth  much  sliall  lei 


f/;«(7l."— Uacon. 


Saddle-Back  Boilers.— K  Z.  writes  as  follows:— 
■■  Are  saddle-back  boilers  used  in  limekilns,  (or  healing 
hothouses,  &c.  ?  Where  can  one  be  seen,  or  can  any 
one  give  information  on  the  subject  ?  " 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

%=  Our  Telegraphic  hvi-D-R-£.ss.—Our corresfcmilents 
arc  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  oj 
the  new  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London," 
Gardchron  being  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
grams (but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will  reach  the 
Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other  address  being 
needed  than  "Gardchron,  London." 


M.  C.  J.  M.  JongkindtConinck.  —  From  the 
Bulletin  d'AtboricuUure  vie  hear  of  the  death  of  this 
well-known  writer  on  agriculture  and  horticulture. 
He  was  the  director  of  the  Agricultural  Institute  at 
Wageningen,  and  took  a  large  part  in  promoting 
horticultural  and  agricultural  education  in  the  Nether- 
lands. He  died  on  August  15,  in  the  fifty-second 
year  of  his  age. 

Edward  Otto.— We  also  regret  to  learn  of 

the  death  of  this  gentleman,  on  the  nth  ult.  For 
many  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Hamburger  Garten 
und  Blumen  Zeitum,  a  publication  which  was  not  a 
mere  popular  rechauffe  of  other  people's  work,  but 
contained  a  large  proportion  of  the  results  of  original 
research. 

Mr.  William  IIolman.— It  is  with  much 

regret  that  we  have  to  record  the  death,  on  October 
17,  of  Mr.  William  Holman,  in  his  eighty-second 
year.  For  sixty  years  he  occupied  the  post  of  head 
gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Chichester,  at  Stanmer  Park, 
near  Brighton,   Sussex.     For  many  years  he  was  a 


Carn.\tions    Diseased:    Friday.      The  Carnations 
are    affected    by    a    disease   caused    by    microscopic 
or  thread-worms.     The  subject  is  described  and  illus- 
trated in  the  Gardeneis    Chronicle  for  December   3, 
r83i      Where  possible,  and  in  bad  cases,  the  atiectect 
leave's  should   be   removed   and  burnt.     The  worms 
come  from  the  soil  or  the  water. 
Ekr.\ta  :    Onions.  —  In  our  report  of  the  vegetable 
section  of  the  last  show  at  South  Kensington   read,  in 
the  rompetitionol  Onions,  "nines"  instead  of     sixes. 
Mr.  Deverill  also  showed  nearly  500  bulbs  of  the  kinds 
Anglo  White  Spanish,   Rousham    Park   Hero.   Main 
Crop,  and  the  Wroxton,  for  which  a  Silver  Banksian 
Medal  wai  awarded.     Also,  Mr.  R.  Farrance  took  the 
ist  prize  for  twelve  Tomatos,  and  Mr.  Phillips  the  2d. 
Fungi  ;   F.  Steele,     i,  .•\garicus  longipes,   var.  ;    2,  A. 
granulosus  ;    3,    A.   fimiputris  ;    4.   tlygrophorus  vir- 
lineus  ;    5,   two  small   perished  species  belonging  to 
Mvcena  and  Nolanea  ;  material  insufficient  for  naming. 
— -1    D    IV.,  Bangor.     I,   black,  on  Oak,    Bulgaria 
inqu'inans  ;   2,   yellow,  amongst  grass,  Clavaria  mus- 
coides  ;   3,  salmon  colour,  on  Sycamore,  Nectna  cin- 
nabarina.    IV.  G.  S. 
Names  of  Fruits  :   IV.  Foster.    Aston  Town.— 7.  B 
I,   Crassane  ;     2,    Winter  Crassane  :     3,    Bergamote 
d'Esperen  ;   4.  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  5,  Beurre  Hardy  ;  6, 
Fondanle  d'Automne  ;    7,  Easter  Beurr(J.  — /-.  <-.  f. 
10,   Yorkshire  Greening.     The  others   are  quite   un- 
known to  us.     Theie  are  many  Apples  myour  district 
(Yorkshire)  that  are  quite  unknown  elsewhere. --y.  u. 
1.  SL  Lawrence  ;  2,  Josephine  de  Malines  ;  3.  Flemish 
Beauty  ;  4.  Black  Achar  ;   5.  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  6   Ne 
Plus  Meuris.-//.  R.     r.  Flower  of  Kent :    3.  01°"^ 
Mundi ;    4,  Hanwell  Souring  ;   6,  Golden  Noble  ;    7. 
Brabant  Bellefleur.     Others  not  recognised.  —  /.  i., 
Stroud.      2,    Beuni    Hardy  ;    3.    Easter  Beurre  ;    4, 
Fearn's  Pippin  :    5.  Striped  Heeling.  -  A.  Haggart 
1,   Hanwell  Souring:    3.   Coxs  Pomona:    4,  Golden 
Noble  ;    s.  Sturmer  Pippin  :  6,  Beurre  d  Amanlis  ;  7, 
Glou    Mor^eau  ;    ro,    Emile    d'Heyst  ;     "■^'^''"f 
Ranee:  12,  Easter  Beurr4. -S^Brf/.     2,  Catillac     3. 
Beurre  Hardy;    4.  Emperor  Alexander.  -£.  ^^ /to. 
r,  Doyennfi  Boussoch  ;    2,  4,  Beurre  Diel  ;    3.  Berga- 
motte  d'Esperen  :    5.  Vicar  of  Winklield  :    6,  Beurr^ 
Claireeau  :    7,    Beurri;    Bachelier.  —  Pomologist.      A 
BuUace  of  some  sorL-J.  Robson.     Pear:  Laure  de 
Glymes.  -A.N.     l,  Claygate  Pearmain  ;  /•  G°'de,n 
Noble.  -L.P.J.     I.  Warner's  King  ;    16,  Gansel  s 
Bergamof:    17,  small    Passe  Colmar  ;    18,   Duchesse 
d'Angoultae  ;    rg.  Thompson's  :    20,  Beurr^  Hardy  , 
2r    Beurre  Diel.  —  Constant  Reader.     Irish  Peach.  — 
T  R    I    Beurrd  d'Amanhs  ;  2,  Josephine  de  Malines  ; 
3,"g1ou  Morfeau ;    4,  Nonsuch  ;    S.  King  of  the  Pip- 
pins ;  6,  not  known. 
Names  of  Plants  :    Cocker  &"  Co.     MaxiUaria  picta. 
—Cooper      I     Pteris   cretica  ;     2,    Pelargonium   capl- 
tatum  ;  3,  Co'ccoloba  platycladon  :  4,  Pelargonium  sp. ; 
c    Eupatorium  Weinmannianum  ;  6,  Pelargonium  glu- 
Unosum  —  W    Y  D.  Cucumber  (next  week)  :  not  tlie 
Sooly  Deca.-/?.   W.   l,  Oncidium  Wentworthianum  ; 
2,  Diplacus  glulinosua.-  W.  Scott.    I   Aster  anneUus 
2   A.  vimineus  var,   horizontalis  ;  3,  A.   Novi-Belgn  , 
a  Veronica  incana.-G.   Fleming.   Hcemanthus  albl- 
flos.-  Woodside.  Pleionelagenaria  ;  Bouvardia  species, 
quite    undistinguishable    on   arrival.  —  .tf.     J-    K""- 
Pleione  maculata  ;  Cymbidium  species  next  week.— 
Constmt  Reader.     Cineraria  maritima. 
Orchids  ■  .<;.  R-  P"y^on.  Belmont.  Mass..  U.S.A.  The 
Catlleya  bloom  was  partially  decayed  on  arrival,  as 
were  the  leaves  of  Phatenopsis,   so  that  we  cannot 
name  the  first  nor  indicate  the  nature  of  the  disease  on 
the  last. 
Sfedling  Grape  :  Slrebor.    Your  white  seedling  from 
Gms  Colmar  is  a  juicy  weU-flavoured  fruit,  with  skm 
thinner  than  is  the  case  with  the  seed-parent.    If  it 


602 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  1885. 


Sunflowers  :  W.  Eva 
acre,  according  to  soil 
drilled  into  the  ground 
the  plants  thinned  out 
plant,  so  there  would  be  about 
or  a   less  distance  could  be  used, 


should  prove,  on  further  trial,  as  good  as  that  kind,  it 
will  be  a  welcome  addition  to  late-keeping  Grapes. 
The  specimens  sent  were  not  in  good  condition  for 
forming  a  just  decision. 

f.  I.  About  4  to  5  lb.  per 
&c.  The  seed  should  be 
n  rows  18  inches  apart,  and 
to  30  inches  from  plant  to 
plants  per  acre, 
»nd  3.  Get  seed 
from  South  Russia,  where  it  is  extensively  grown,  4. 
Usually  four.  5.  The  produce  per  acre  in  South 
Russia  is  about  15  cwt.  3  V  qr. ,  and  oil  per  acre 
275  lb.  Each  flower  produces  about  1000  seeds.  6. 
It  all  depends  on  the  condition  of  the  soil.  A  light 
rich  soil,  and  quite  open,  is  the  best.  In  Russia  a 
seed  sown  in  September  yields  seed  in  February.  Sow 
about  I  inch  deep,  and  when  it  has  grown  i  foot  high, 
earth  up.  7.  No  ;  and  unless  you  remove  too  many, 
there  would  be  no  effect  whatever,  but  too  many  would 
ruin  the  crop.  8.  Depends  on  circumstances.  The 
above  are  from  Tropical  Agriculture. 
Tekm  of  Notice  to  Leave  Service  :  Ettquirer. 
Young  men  in  gardens,  whether  foremen  or  not,  are 
not  yearly  servants,  and  being  usually  paid  at  weekly 
intervals,  can  claim  only  a  week's  notice,  or  its  equiva- 
lent in  money  and  rent  if  there  is  a  lodging  found. 
W'HANGEE  Cane  :  J.  Bryan.  The  name  given  to 
some  Eastern  canes,  spq,cies  of  Phylloslachys. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

T.  IMRIE  &  Sons,  Ayr— Forest  Trees,  Coniferx,  Fruit 

Trees,  &€. 
HowDEN    &    Co.,    Inverness    Nurseries,    Inverness  — 

Nursery  List. 
Geo.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath— Roses  and  Fruit  Trees. 
]ONES  &  Sons,  7,  Shoplatch,  Shrewsbur— General. 
JAS.   Boyd  &  Sons,    Paisley— Horticultural    Buildings, 

W.  Drummond  &  Sons,  58,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin  and 
Stirling — Trees,  Shrubs,  Ro^es,  &c. 

Cranston's  Nursery  and  Seeh  Company,  King's 
Acre,  Hereford — Roses. 

Robert  Owen,  Castle  Hill,  Maidenhead  —  Tuberous 
Begonias,  Chrysanthemums,  and  other  Florists' 
Flowers. 

Ketten  Brothers,  Luxemburg— Roses. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester- 
Forest  and  Ornamental  Trees,  &c. 

W.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee— Roses. 


Com 


F.  M. 
B.    H. 


Deceived:  — J.  Hi 
F.  E.— C.  N.— M.  F.-J  T 
Cork.— J.    S.-W.    H.-J. 


Jamaica.-C.  W.  - 
J.  A.— B.  P.-W. 
S.    B.-W.    L.  E.— J. 


Delapierre.— F.  F.  B.,  Melbourne  ~H.  H.  D'O.— W.  O.  h" 
— D.  O.-G.  D.  P.— The  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  -H' 
Correvon,  Geneva.— H.  G.  Rchb.  f.— E.  M.  — F  W  B  — 
M  C.  C-J.  W.-J.  A.-Secretary.  R.H.S.-R.  B.  Holt!— 
J.  R.-J.  H.  V.-W.  E.-C.  J.-W.  S.-\V.  B.  H.-Wild 
■B.-J.  B.-R.  D.-J.  N.-W  C.-W.  C.  S.- 
T    R    T^  _w   P  _T.  S.-A.  C.-T.  K.  &  Co.- 


CO  VENT    GARDEN,    November    5. 

Trade  heavy  ;  prices  generally  lower.  Jaj/ies  IV'cbbe. 
Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit 

Apples,  per  J^-s'ievc  : 
Grapes,  per  lb.  . .  i 
Keni  Cobs,  loo  lb. .  2: 
Kent  FilberU,  ioolb.2 
Lemons,  per  case  ..1 
Melons,  each  ,,  i 

Vegetable: 

Artichokes,  per  doz.. 
Bcaiib,  Kidney,  lb...  , 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen 
Broccoli,  bundle     ..  < 
Cabbages,  per  dozen 
Capsicums,  per  100. . 
Carrots,  per  bunch..  > 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Coleworts.doz.  bunch  : 
Cucumbers,  each     ..  1 
Endive,  per  dozen  . . 
Herbs,  per  bunch   . .  1 
Leeks,  per  bunch   ..  . 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 

PoTATos.— Magnu 
60s.  to  Soj.  per  t' 


-Average  Wholesale  Pric: 


Peaches,  per  doz.     . .    30-80 
Pineapples,  Eng.,lb.  2  o-  3  o 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-50 
Pears,  per  dozen      ..09-13 

—  per  J4-sieve       ..   16-30 

iGE  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  06-10 
Mustard  and  Cress, 

punnet       ,.  ..02-.. 

Onions,  per  bunch  . .  03-   . . 
Parsley;  dozen  bunch  20-30 
Parsnips,    per    doien  10-20 
Potatos,  per  cwt     ..    40-50 

„     kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 
Rhubarb,  per  bundle  04-.. 
Salsafy,    per    bundle  10-.. 
Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  16-.. 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  q 
Spinach,    per  bushel  20-40 
Tomatos,  per  lb.      ..04-.. 
Turnips,  bunch        . .  04-  . . 

I  Bonums,  bad  trade,  50^.  to8oj  ;  Regents 
n  ;  German  Reds,  2s.  to  2s.  6d.  per  bag. 


I  Pots. —Average  Whole 


:  Pricks. 


Aralia  Sicboldi.  doz.  6  o-iS  < 
ArbP.  vitK  (golden). 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  , 


.,.     ').   do„ 

.ihes,  dozen..  9  0-18  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  i 
Bouvardia,  dozjn  J..  12  0-18  < 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  < 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  . 
Dracxna  terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..  ..30  0-60  < 

—  vindis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  i 
Erica,  various,  doz.  12  0-21  ( 
Euonymus,    in  var. 

per  dozen  ..  ..'  6  0-18  . 


y  er  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficvis  elastica,  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var,,  dozen  4  Cf-i8  o 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous, cich  ,.  ..2  0-10  o 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  60-90 
Hyacinths,  Rom. .pot  10-16 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..8  0-12  o 
Myrtles,  per  dozen..  6  0-12  o 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6^21  o 

let,  per  dozen       ,.   26-90 

Poinsettia,per  dozen  12  0-18  o 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  : 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  ( 
Azalea,  12  sprays  ..  i 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  t 


elli: 


•  bin- 
12  bin 


Ca 
Chrysanth.', 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  4  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  3  < 
Hyacinths,  Rom.,  i:: 

sprays        . .  , .    i  f 

Lapageria,  white, 


—  red.  ..    . 
Lil.  longifl., 


zblo 


Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  o-  ( 
Mignonette,  12  bun,  i  6-  ; 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses  o  g-  ; 


Poin 


•bin- 


Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  12  bunches  ..60-. 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  5  o- 
TropEEolum,  12  bun.  2  o- 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  9- 
Violets,     12    bunches  t  o- 

—  Czar,  Fr. ,  bunch  1  o- 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun. 


o-  5  . 


SEEDS. 

London;  Nov.  4. —The  attendance  on  the  seed 
market  to-day,  as  might  be  e.\pected,  was  verj-  thin,  and 
the  business  doing  exceedingly  small.  Of  speculative 
demand  there  is  scarcele  any  just  now  showing  itself, 
whilst  no  variety  seems  actually  needed  for  present  sow- 
ing. Red  Clover  seed,  however,  is  held  with  increasing 
firmness,  higher  prices  being  confidently  anticipated 
later  on.  Winter  Tares,  owing  to  the  continued  sod- 
dened  condition  of  the  land,  are  quite  a  dead  letter. 
Hemp  seed  is  lower  than  it  has  been  for  many  years 
past.  The  new  Turkish  Canary  seed  is  also  extremely 
cheap.  There  is  more  enquiry  for  blue  Peas  and 
Haricot  Beans.  John  Shaw  <5r*  Sons,  Seed  Merchants, 
37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  :  Not>.  2.— For  Enghsh  Wheat  prices 
ruled  in  many  cases  6^/.  to  u.  lower  to  sell  in  quantity. 
Foreign  Wheats  were  adversely  influenced  by  this  reduc- 
tion, and  the  more  difficult  to  sell,  except  at  reduced 
rates.  Country  flour  compared  6d.  under  the  rates  of 
this  day  week.  Prime  malting  Barley  was  firm,  and 
fully  as  dear  as  last  noted.  Second  quahties  were  very 
dull,  and  grinding  descriptions  barely  supported  late 
value.  Peas  met  a  dull  sale,  and  were  61/.  lower. 
Round  Maize  was  ^d.  dearer.  Oats  met  a  fair  demand, 
and  were  3./.  to  ^d.  above  the  rates  current  on  this  day 
se'nnight. 

Nov.  4. — The  trade  for  Wheal  and  flour  continues 
very  quiet  here,  and  no  quotable  change  has  occurred  in 
prices.  Barley,  Beans  and  Peas  sold  in  retail  at  about 
previous  rates.  There  was  more  doing  in  Oats  at 
slighlly  better  prices. 

Average  prices  o\  corn  for  the  week  ending  Oct.  31  : 
— Wheat,  31J.  4^.  ;  Barley,  30J.  2rf.  ;  Oats,  19J.  2d. 
For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat,  32J.  ^d. ; 
Barley,  321.;  Oats,  191.  2/. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  3  and  4.— Fair 
supply  of  iruit  and  vegetables.  Prices  moderate,  demand 
good.  Quotations  :— Pears,  3J.  to  6j.,  and  Apples,  -zs. 
to  5J.  per  bushel  ;  Cabbages,  2J.  6d.  to  4J. ,  Savoys, 
31.  to  4J.  6d.,  and  Cauliflowers,  51.  to  ys.  6d.  per  tally  ; 
bunch  greens,  zs.  6d.  to  4J.,  ditto  Turnips,  2x.  6J.  to 
3J.  6r/.,  ditto  Carrots,  2s.  to  3^.,  ditto  Parsley,  11.  to  is.  6d., 
and  Beetroots,  2s.  6d.  to  31.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Brussels 
Sprouts,  zs.  to  2i.  6d.  per  half  sieve  ;  Celery,  7/.  to  12s. 
per  dozen  bundles  ;  Onions,  31.  to  4s.  per  cwt.  ;  pickhng 
ditto,  41.  to  4f.  6d.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  30J.  to  50^^., 
while  Turnips,  451.  to  60s..  Swede  ditto,  30/.  to  35J., 
and  loose  Mangels,  22s.  6d.  to  25^.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Nor:  3. — Supplies  have  been  good  during 
the  past  week,  as  also  the  attendance  of  buyers,  conse- 
quently a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  following  quota- 
tions : — Cabbages,  51.  to  Bs..  Savoys,  51.  to  9;.,  and  Col- 
lards,  sj.  to  6j.  per  tally  ;  greens,  bunch,  3^.  6d.  to  5^., 
and  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Mangels,  ijs.  to 
21J.,  Onions,  6oj.  to  gos.,  Carrots,  cattle  feeding,  ■^os. 
to  32.f.  ditto,  household.  40/.  to  50J.,  Turnips,  60s.,  per 
ton  ;  ditto  bunch,  3*.  to  4/.  per  dozen  ;  and  Swedes,  301. 
to  40J.  per  ton  ;  Apples,  8s.  to  iis.  per  cwt.,  if.  gd.  to 
6s.  per  bushel ;  Beet,  6d,  to  gd.  per  dozen  ;  Tomatos, 
3J.  6d.  per  dozen  pound. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  AW  3.  —  Supplies 
rather  more  than  sufficient  for  the  demand,  which  was, 
how^ever,  rather  better.  Best  samples  upheld  their  value, 
inferior  sorts  were  dull  and  irregular.  Quotations  : — 
Regents,  60s.  to  80;.  ;  Magnum  Bonums.  6oj.  to  8oj.  ; 
Early  Roses,  70s.  to  80s.  ;  Hebrons,  80s.  to  looj.  ; 
German,  45J.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London  :  A'ov.  3. — Trade  firm  for 
good  samples.  Magnum  Bonum,  50J.  to  75^.  ;  Cham- 
pions, 45T.  to  55J.  ;  Victoria,  $os.  to  60s.  ;  Regents,  60s. 
to  65-t.  ;  Early  Rose,  50J.  to  60s.  ;  Reading  Hero,  6oj^. 
to  yos.  ;  and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  65J.   to  Soj.  per  ton. 

Nov.  4. — Good  demand  for  better  classes.  Beauty  of 
Hebron,  651.  to  8oj.  ;  Reading  Hero,  60s.  to  70^.  ; 
Early  Rose,  50J.  to  60s.  ;  Champions,  45J.  to  55J.  ;  \'ic- 
toria,  50J.  to  60s.  ;  Regents,  60s.  to  65J.  per  Ion. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  3.  —  Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to 
7$s.  ;  Regents,  60s.  to  70J.  ;  and  Champions,  52J. 
per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  inlo  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  2768  bags  16  casks  from  Hamburg,  600  pac'i- 
ages  from  Ghent,  1196  bags  from  Stettin,  41  sacks  from 
Boulogne.  4  bags  from  Terneuzen,  60  from  Bremen,  204 
sacks  from  Dantzig,  and  2  baskets  from  Rotterdam. 


Planting  Season. 
JOHN     PERKINS     and     SON    offer    the 

^      following  in  large  quantity,  at  very  low  prices.     All  goods 
welt-lranspUnted  stuff;  — 
ASH.  Common,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
PINE.  Austrian.  i}i  to  2,  and  2  10  2K  '="■ 
BIRCH,  iM  to  2,  and  2  to  3  feet. 
LARCH   FIRS,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
OAKS.  Enjlish,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
SPRUCE  FIRS,  M  to  2.  and  2  to  3  feet. 
SYCAMORE,  2  to  3.  and  3  to  4  feet." 


HAZEL 

PRUNUS  MYROBULANA,  i\i 


to  2,  and  2  to  3  feet. 

3  feet, 
eet. 


BLACKTHORN,  i  to  2  feet. 

HOLLY.  Green,  i"^  10  2  am 

HORNBEAM,  2  to  3,  and  3 

LAURELS,  Common,  i^  to  2,  2  to  3,  and  3 

PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet^ 

YEW,  English,  iK  to  2,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  (eet. 

THORN  QUICK,  fine  transplanted. 

Special  offers  on  application. 
Billing  Road  Nurseries,  Northampton. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES  —Splendid 

Plants  of  the  fallowing  and  other  fine  varieties,  in  7-inch 
pots,  24J.,  30J.,  36J  ,  and  421.  per  dozen  :—Marcchal  Niel, 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  Cheshunt  Hybrid.  Devoniensis,  Duke  of 
Connaught,  Homer,  Isabella  Sptunt,  Madame  Lambard, 
Madame  WiUermoz,  Niphetos.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Safrano,  &c.  Our  Roses  a:e  well  known  to  be  the 
finest  and  healthiest  in  the  country.  Complete  LISTS  of 
varieties  in  stock  will  be  sent  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address— "  COWAN.  LIVERPOOL." 

FRUIT  TREES.  —  Fine"  healthy^tock  of 
extra-sized  trees.  H0ri20nt.1l  and  Dwarf-trained  APPLES 
and  PEARS,  Dwarf-trained  APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 
PLUMS,  and  NECTARINES;  Standard  and  Pyramidal 
PEARS  and  PLUMS.  Fruiting  trees,  in  pots,  of  APRICOTS. 
PEACHES,    NECTARINES,  and    FIGS.     Price,  on  apph- 


D.  S.  THOMSON  and  SONS.  The  Ni 


Wimbledo 


PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Phoe^iix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  4i.  per  dozen,  25J.  per  loj  ; 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  125.  per  dozen,  less  quantity, 
\s.  3rf.  each. 

FERNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome   Lomaria  Glbba, 
Adiantum     cuneatum    (Maidenhair),    Pteris    tremula,    Pteris 
serrulata,  Pteris  serrulata  cristata,  Pteris   cretica  albo  lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  2ci.  per  too,  3t.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true),  6j.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

Royal  Nurseries.  Ascot 

MESSRS.  JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  to  their  Friends  and  the  Public  that 
they  have  an  unusual  quantity  of  well  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  consisting  of  a  choice  cjllection  of  CONIFERS, 
RHODtJDENDRONS,  Standard  and  Bush  ROSES,  Ever- 
green  and  Deciduous  SHRUBS  ol  every  description,  FRUIT 
TREES  of  all  kmds.  IVIES,  CLEMATIS,  and  all  other 
varieties  of  CLIMBING  PLANTS  Also  fine  stocks  of 
GARDENIAS,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS,  Winter  Flowering 
HEATHS,  BOUVARDIAS,  Maidenhair  FERNS,  PALMS, 
and  every  beautiful  Plant  that  can  be  named,  which  they  are 
prepared  to  offer  upon  most  favourable  terms  for  Cash.  Special 
quotations  on  application. 

PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Late 
White  Broccoli  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.     See  fol* 

From  the  Gardeners  Chronicle  and  Agrtailtural  GazHte, 
London  :—"  Monster  Broccoli.— A  few  days  iince,  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  of  The  Coombe,  Penzioce,  who  has  bsen  a  Brocccli 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
get  the    Early    Broccoli  of   Cornwall  iato  the   London  and 


Northern  Markets, 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge 
be  called  into  requisition  to 
Retail  price,  -zs.  6d.  per 
Trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELI.,  ^j,  Corn' 


Broccoli,  which  togethei 
:  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
the  smelting-house  had  (O 
the  weight  of  the  pUnts.' 
Special  quotations  to  the 


1  Str( 


.  Plymouth. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH   BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3,Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec.  in  each  year. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  253. 
"piCHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 

-Lt  above  contains  a  m>st  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  H,irdy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  fljwers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  free. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

SPECIAL  CHEAP  OFFER.  —  PINES, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet ;  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet ; 
FIR,  Scnch,  12  to  24  inches  ;  ELM,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ; 
ASH,  Common.  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  4  tD  5  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
iK  to  2  feet,  2  to  3  feet,  7  to  8  feet,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT, I  to  2  feet:  HORNBEAM.  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  3  feet,  8  10  9  feet  ;  MAPLE,  4  to  to  feet  ;  OAK,  English, 
from  I  to  10  feet ;  POPLARS,  Lorabardy.  7  to  8  feet.  8  to  10 
feet,  to  to  ti  leet  :  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  feet,  10  to  t2 
feet  ;  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  sootl  ; 
PRIVET,  Oval-leat,  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  fii  e  ;  QUICK. 
THORN,  4,  5,  and  6-yr.,  fine  ;  SYt.AMORES.  3  to  4  leet.  4  to 
5  feet,  7  to  8  feet.  S  to  9  feet  ;  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet  ; 
KERBERRIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BOX.  CUPRESSUS.  vari- 
ous: ELDERS,  Gold;  CURRANTS,  flowerine  ;  HOLLIES, 
in  Ereat  variety;  IVIES,  in  sons;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  ;  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundiel  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sizes  —  beautiful  stuff; 
RETINOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c.,  apply  to 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stoke-on-Trent. 


November  7,  1885.! 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


603 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS     OF    EXHIBITIONS, 

REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL    HI  A  TIERS  of 

CURRENT   INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  tlie  following  subjects  :- 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 

ARBORETUM— The. 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

BEES. 

BOTANY. 

BULBOUS  PLANTS. 

CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 

CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 

EVERGREENS. 

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 


FORCING. 
FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 
MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES. 


ORCHIDS — including  a  com- 
plete List  of  those  in  culti- 
vation. 

PALMS. 

PLANTING. 

PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 

POMOLOGY. 

POTATOS.— POULTRY. 

RHODODENDRONS. 

ROCKERIES. 

ROSES. 

SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 

STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 


SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 
TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY. 
VINES. 

WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 


Illustrations  by  W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,   W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,   IV.  J.  WELCH,  a7id  Others. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

W. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     w.c. 

Please     send    tne     "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for . 
conunencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0. 


.  Jllonths, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  OfBce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 


THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  ;—  12  Months,  £1  y.  lod.  \    6  Months,  11^.  ild.  ;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 


FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  ^i  6.f.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Sj.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   IV.  RICHARDS 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "■  DRUMMOND." 


6o4 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


[November  7,  18 


Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limiled),  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FORKST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAI,     TREES     and     SHRUBS,     ROSES,      FRUIT 


aliiy.  and  whei 


preparation,   and 


If     WILSON    SERPELL,     Nurseryman, 
Li  .     &c.,  Plymouih,  begs  to  offer  the  (oIlowinE  Shrubs,  &c  , 
all  well-rooted  stuff;  early  orders  solicited  : — 
CRVPTOMERIA   ELEGANS,  haDdsome  stuff,  3  to  4  fee', 

i8j.  pet  dozen. 
PICEA  NOBILIS.  1=  to  2j  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 
planted, 121.  to  ?4J.  per  dozen. 
YEWS,  Irish,  well  lurnished,  3  to  4  feet,  iSi-  per  dozen- 
PINU3  INSIGNIS.  !  to  3  feet,  i8s.  per  dozen. 
MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaved,  in  pots,  well  established, 
9J-  per  dozen, 

QREAT  UALE  of  IVTURSERY  QTOCK, 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Lhrisimas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON      HILL     NURSERY, 

During  the  month  of 

NO    V  E  M  B  E  R, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUD3, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES  AND  FRUIT  TREES, 

At  Greatly  Rkcuced  Prices. 

The  Trade  and   Private  Biiyeis  will  find  this  an  excellent 

opportunity  for  Stocking. 

T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,    KINGSTO  ,V-ON-  THA.'.'ES. 


Special  Offer  —Expiration  of  Lease. 
"DOSES,  Best  Dwarf  H.P.,  35.;.  per  100  ;  fifty 

TEA  ROSES,  in  s-inch  pols,  all  the  leading  varieti.s,  irc'ud- 
ing  Niphetos,  Maie'chal  Niel,  and  Grace  Dailinj,  12s 
per  dozen. 

NEW  ROSES  of  1885.  in  48-pots.  I2j.  per  dozen. 

STANDARD  ROSES,  including  Clone  de  Dijoa  andMa-cjhal 
Nie',  12s.  per  dozen. 


M. 


APPLE  TREES.  Standards,  i8j.  per  dor.:  Pyramids,  ij, 

.,     ..     Bush,  6j.  per  dozen  :  Dwarf-trained,  2if.  per  d'z 

PEARS.  Standards,  iSr.  per  dozen  ;  Pyramids,  5  to  6  fee 

,.     Dwarf.trained,  24s.  per  dozen. 
Pl.UMS,  Standards,  i8s.  per  dozen  ;  Trained,  541.  per  d< 
GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  £0  ts,  a 

per  dozen,  lis.  per  100. 
CURRANTS.  Red  and  Black,  21.  per  dozen,  151  per  too 
CONIFERS,  for  Lawn  Planting,  all  good  varieties,  lis.  p.  doz 
SHRUBS.  Flowering,  ^s.  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree.  8j.  per  dozen. 
BAY,  S^eet.  <js.  to  iSs.  per  dozen,  z  to  3  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  i  to  10  feet.  Si.  to  24!.  per  dozen 
IVIES,  in  sorts.  Plain  and  Variegated,  in  pols,  qs.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS,   Portugal,   Standards,   2  feet  stems,  good  heads 

PYRUS  MAULEI,  fruit  makes  a  delicious  preserve,  in  pots 

PRIVET.'for  Hedge'piantiog,  tSJ.  to  351.  per  icoo. 

ASH,  Weeping,  sltm^  8  to  10  reet,  31.  6  r.  each. 

LABURNUMS,  good  heids,  is.  each 

ELMS,  for  Avenue  Pl.-inting.  9  to  I2  feet.  11.  6rf.  each. 

PLANES,  best  for  Town  Planliog,  8  to  10  ft.  ij  6  /  each 

POPLARS,  Black  Italian,  8  to  12  ft..  6,.  to  121.  per  dc  ' 

SYCAMORE,  8  to  10  feet,  61.  per  dozen 

THORNS,  Standard,  fljwering.  .55.  per  dozen. 

„,«,-     J'".>-"t£->fg-lent/crS,a-sidePlantim.. 

PINE.  Austrian.  12  to  18  inche<,  6..  per  ico  :  18  to  24  inches, 

I2J.  (ii,  per  100  ;  24  to  30  inches.  201.  per  i;o  ;  30  to 
.~.,„„„36  inches.  351.  per  100  :  3  to  4  feet.  501.  per  100, 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA.  in  pols.  4  to  ,  It.,  its  per  doz 
ESCALLONIA  MACRANTHA,  in  ,.,.t=,  61  per  do.en 
EUON  YMUS,  best  green,  12  to  ,8  mches,  41.  per  dozen  :  ,8  to 

24  inches,  5j.  per  dozen. 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII.  best  for  covering  wall  ,  61.  lo  91 

per  dozen. 

Cnsh  to  accompany  order 
CATALOGUES  post-lree  on  application. 

CARAWAY  &  CO.,  Durdham  Down.  Clifton,  ErlstoL 

EARLY      PEAS      FOR      S  E  E  d1 
PRIZEFAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 
All  harvested  without  tain. 
Price  IM.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 
and  upwards.     Apply, 
C.  RANDELL.  Chadbnry.  near  Evesham. 

A  BIES  BOLANDERII.— A  beautiful  hardy 

^r\^  PINE,  with  colour  and  habit  about  equal  to  insignis.  and 
as  hardy  as  our  Scotch  Fir.  12  to  iS  inches,  41.  ;  18  to  24  inches, 
61. ;  2  to  3  fet  t.  91.  per  dozen. 

A  LIS  !■  of  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application 
MORRISON   BROTHERS.  Aberdeen, 

HI  M  A  N  T  O  PHYLLUM     (CLIVIA) 
GRANDIFLORA, 
Healthy  i-yr,  sfe^lings,  in  twenty  sorts  of  the  best  vari.-t:es— 
Lindeni,  Van  Houtiei.  maxima,  robuita,  Paikmsoni,  &c. 

,  One  Guinea 

Delivered,  free  by  Post,  to  all  countries,  for  Cash  with  Order. 

>  n.    PVNAERT,  Ghent.  Belgium. 

lyriLLTRACK    MUSHROOM    SPAWN.— 

l.tj_  The  best  a,, d  cheapest  ever  offered.  Oualitv  guaran- 
teed 41.  f,d.  per  bushel  (16  cakes),  td.  per  bushel  package  ; 
ve"  I  '  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,   11,  yi.     Trade  supplied 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  HUI  Farm  N  W  • 
and  I  and  2.  Fenchurch  Street.  London,  EC,  " 


T)EAT.— 1000  cubic   yards  of  e.Kcellent  Peat, 

-•-       6j.   per  cubic    yard,  on  rail  ;  from   10  to  20  yards  in  a 
truck.     Special  low  rates  to  all  parts 

W.  SHORT.  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst   Sussex 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4<f.  per  bushel :   100  for  255  ;  truck  {loose,  about  2  tons), 

40T,  :  4  bushel  bags,  4.1',  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.    id.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  2^,t.  ;  sacks,  41^.  each. 
BLACK  FlBRoUb  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22s.  ;  sacks. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gaf.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton.  i6i   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  \d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNU.M  MOSS,  8j.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO. 
BACCO  CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  lor 
Price  LIST.-H.  G   SMYTH.  21.  Goldsmith's  Street, 

Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W,C. 

OCOA-NUT     FIBRE   REFUSE  :    newly 

made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  z  tons,  2?^  ;  twenty  sacks  of  ^ame. 
141.:  forty.  251.,  sacks  included.  Alt  Free  on  to  Rail.  Casli  wiih 
orders.-J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merch.,nts. 
"  Greyhound  Yard,  "  and  153,  High  Street,  Battersea.  S.  W. 

GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 

FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4-bu-htl  Bags, 
is.  each  :  30  for  25s.— b.ags  included  ;  2-t™  Truck.  Iree  on  Rail, 
251,  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
Sack  ;  5  lor  22s,  6</,  ;  10  lor  35s.  i  so  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6,1'  per  Sack;  5  for  20s  ■  10  for  30s. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND,  11.60'.  per  Bu~hel ;  141.  per 
M  Ton  :  235.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
lorf.  perlb.;  28ih.,2is.;  cwt ,  70s.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb  ;  23  1b.  for  181.  LEAF-MOULD.  5s. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD.  4!.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  Sick.  CHARCOAL.  2s.  td.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  ^d.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
,1c.      LIST  Free       Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   41.  61^.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  201 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..31.60;.         „         5  sacks  lor  1  s t' 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid    5S.  61^.  „ 

LQAM,  best  yellow  fibrous.,     "i 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  ( 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     (' 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3,/.  per  bush.,  12s.  half  ton,  221  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8</.  lb.,  28  lb  181 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (Sp^cialiie)    Sa'.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs! 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack..     5.1.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2!.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks.  9s,  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks.  17s.  ; 
30  sacks.  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL.  LONDON.  E 


.  per  bush.,  sacks  included). 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  tree  by  post  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants.  &.Z.,  {.b  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI B  ROU  S  PE  AT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  5s.  ;  5  Bags.  22s.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
45s.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  ids.  &jf.  per  Bag.. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  01  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famborough  Station,  Hants. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  F  y.  and  other  B.ight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  solt  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard  house  Tices  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3J. .  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
w«t  ground.  Boxes.  6d.  and  is ,  from  the  I'rade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

ORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERV.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S  E. 
Established  1854. 

'■jiOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 

-i-      most   effective,    14  lb.  for  9s.  ;    28  lb.,   i8j.  ;    cwt.,  70s. 


H 


rOBACCO    PAPER,   6d.  per  lb.,  141b.  6s. 

-»-        ROLL  CLOTH,  best,  jd.  per  lb.,  r4lb.  71.  M. 
M    PEIRCE,    96,    York    Road,    Montpellier,    Bristol. 


PURE     WOOD     CHARCOAL 


HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers.  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Waimest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Si^es;-  6  ft. 
6  la.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  21.  :  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  21.  2d.  ; 
6  It.  6  in.  by  7  ft  ,  at  ^i.  2y.     Ap>,ly  10 

Miss  MOLlljUE,  .4s!o,a  Clniio'i.  Tring.  Bucks, 


Rus&lan  Mats. 
T     BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 

t/  •  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  lor  several 
yea.s  (or  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MA  r  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 

4  and  5,  Wornmooa  Street.  Lor.don   E.C. 


Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Merctiants. 

MATS    and    RAFFIA   FIBRE    supplied  at 
loweroricesthan  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.      For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers. 

MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER,  7,   8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W  C. 

Boslier'a  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in     matetials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts   are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ■ 
GARDENS,  as   they  har- 
bour   no    Slugs   or   Insects, 
take  up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense. 
Edgings,    consequently   being 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  desien 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO..  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S  W  • 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

Illuitrated  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  Stc, 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  ol  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Too 
or  Truckload.  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  deliveretl  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  Iree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.-Ordets  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whatves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


H 


Oil  Palnl  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Resislered  Trade  Mark.) 


ThisVAkM^H  i^  in  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  woik.  while  it  is  fully  two-third;,  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstandine  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Lastle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  ii.  81^.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 
_  ''  Pierce  field  Park,  Jurte  21,  1876.— birs,  I  have  this  day 
lorwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox" 

CA  UTION.~Hli.L  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


tised. 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwaids  of  thirty  years; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

JSMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Gardeners'  Magazine  says:—"  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  m  meiit.'* 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factor^-,   Stratford- on- A  von. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels. 
Virgin    Cork,     Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Worif,  Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.G. 


November  7,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


605 


s 


Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 
TRONG     WELL-MADE      POTS 

for  the  above. 

Hyacinths  In  Pots. 

POTS  made  expressly  for  HYACINTHS 
can  be  supplied  by 
J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-M.are. 
PRICE    LIST   free. 


desi 

-r    fi 
dy  ghze 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO 
•     draw    special    attention   to 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large 
painled      Uiey  are  made  of  the  test  materials,  and  c; 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  —       £, 
2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  >    p„„i,,„„     (       3 
3-light  frame.  12  feet  by  6  feet  ^Cases  free  \       ^ 
b-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  j  ^^^^^  ^^^^  \     10 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  fi 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  lo 


ncSc: 


DEANE  &L  Co.'s  Cucumber  Frames. 


Specification —Constniciion  as  above.  Height  in  front 
II  in.  ;  at  ridt;e,  37  in    ;  each  light  fitted  with  iron  set-opes. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatorie?,  Greenhouses 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS  made  in  any  part  of  the  country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE,  DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE^  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-waterEngineers, 

*%u?lt!'E'c.''" i LON DON  BRIDGE. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICUITURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    EC 


W     H     LASCELLES    and   CO     will   give  Estin -ite^ 
every   desciiption   of   HORTICULTURAL    WORK,  iiee  . 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWQRK  material  in  vaiioi 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Biinhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhou^es.  an 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stage; 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


XL^SHeUSES&WEftTING: 


mMmNmmEm' 


BEAUPORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.^5^> 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  \U.  per  foot,  in 
bjxes  Suit.^ble  for  Frames,  Conservalones,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenh.:>uses,  6</. 
per  lb.,  or  425.  per  c*t.— B.  LAMB  and  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknalt  Street,  London,  W.C. 


21-OZ.  Fi  reign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ  gHss  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtauied  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  Jolm's  Street,  West  Smlthfield.  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  apfilicatton.     Quote  Chronicle. 


PAT 


^k.    By  H.M.'s  Royal  Letters  Patent.     ^^j^S!J§L 

^        GIRDWOOD'S       I^^S 
ENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

Newest  and  most  wonderful 
DISCOVERY. 
Cures  perfectly,  w.thout 
medicine,  all  such  diseases 
as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Cough,  lufluenza,  Hay- 
Fever,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

2a.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  directions  for  use. 

Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendois, 
or  sent  direct  (whire  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  whoesale  depot. 
AddriSi— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 


9,  Donegall  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOB    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO, 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  late-t  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greeuliouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 

al  r.tlmi:fly  mcderatt  prices. 


Full  piiticulars  may  be  h.ad  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTEK. 

THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 
HOT-WATJR   APPARATUS. 


„  1.  '  i'l-ii   fiiud   iiy^ihcin.  12   feet   of 

4-inch    hot-walci    pip.-,  ..n,i    p..[._iit   joiiils    complete,    ^4   41. 
Delivered  free  to  any  station       Discount  for  cash. 
This  is  the  simplest,  cheapest,  and  most  powerful  apparatus 
made.     It  requires  no  brick  setting,  no  stokehole,  and  no  hot- 
water  fitter  tor  fixing.     The  Boiler  stands  in  the  Gieenhouse, 
the  front  only  being  outside  and  flush  with  the  outer  wall,  so 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  itself  is  utilised. 
It  burns  over  12  hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 
''Loughborough"    Boilers  to  heat  up  lo  650  feet  of  4-iiich 
pipe,  with  hot-water  pipe,  joints.  &c.,  always  in  stock. 
Cost  of  Apparatus  COMPLETE  for  Greenhouses  as  below  : - 
ioby6ft.,;C4  14   o  I  i5by9ft..;£5  10   8  I  25  by  12  ft.,  ^6  16    8 
T?  by  8  ft-,     s     I    o  I  20  by  10 ft  ,    6    o  o  [  4j  by  16  ft.,  iz  12    4 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.     Estimates  on  application. 
The  measurement  of  Greenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 
is  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing. 
Ilhntraied  List,  ivith/uU particulars,  post  free. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-waterEngineers, 

^Su'el  Eic""]  LONDON   BRIDGE. 

STOVES^ 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

Pure  and  .tniple    Meat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 

I./.,    without   attention,       I'amphlet  and  authenticated 

Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's — ■ 

THOMAS    ROBERTS, 

112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


RIPPINGILLES    PATENT    PRIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE  Warming   STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  Stove  made. 

\waided  the  highest  premium  over 
ill  competitors  wheiever  exhibited. 
The    cheapest    and    most   effective 


for 


(Jreenhouses,  and  keeping  out  trost 
md  damp.  They  burn  absolutely 
without  smoke  or  smell,  require  no 
pipes  01  fittings,  give  off  no  injurious 
vapour  to  either  vegetable  or  animal 
life,  will  burn  twelve  to  twenty  hours 
without  attention,  are  so  portable 
they  can  be  moved  from  one  place 
to  another  while  burning,  and  ior 
efficiency  and  economy  can  be  highly 
recommended.  Prices  from  a  few 
shillings.  Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 
and  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
upon  the  stove  before  you  purchase. 
Full  Illustrated  LIST  and  name  and 
addrefs  of  nearest  agent  forwarded 
free  on  application  to  the  sole  manu- 
facturers 


THE     ALBION     LAMP     COMPANY, 

,\STON  ROAD,    BIRMINGHAM. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS, 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLJS. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  i8s.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  21s   ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  26J. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Carriage  Paid,  10  any  part  o'  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payab'e  to 

BBIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAW. 

ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS-WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS-TRKLLISED  ARCADES 
— R0SERIE5-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT -PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c 

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE    WORKS, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Stieet,  Chelsea,  S  W, 

SUPERIOR     VARNISH. 

This  Varnish  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
covering  which  can  be  used  for  all  outdoor 
purposes,  and  has  many  advantages  over 
oil  paint.  It  is  applied  cold,  and  may  be 
laid  on  by  any  farm  labourer  or  other  un* 
skilled  person.  It  diies  quickly,  giving  a 
hard,  brilliant  polish,  and  looks  equally  as 
well  as  oil  paint,  yet  at  one-fourth  the  cost. 

PRICE  in  Casks,  containing  not  less  than 
9  gallons,    delivered    free  at    most    railway 
stations  :  —  Best    prepared    Jet    or    Black, 
IS,  6ii.  per  gallon. 
pnes  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing.  Gates, 
Poultry  Fencing,  &c.,  free  on  application, 

BAYLISS,    JONES.    &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,  Cannon  Street.  London,  EC. 

PRUNING  MADE  SAFE  AND  EASY. 


Calalo 


An    Imple 

passes   all  olhei 

HortictiUure. 

"  Best  instrui 

!  that  ha 


i"— Journal  of 
lent  for  the  pur- 


■Gardeners'  ChrouicU. 
Lengths    from    2    to   12 
[ices  from  41.  6rf.  to  10s.  t 
Saw-blades  to  fit  the  Pr 
r   cutting    large  branche: 


The  "STANDARD  FRUIT 
GATHERER."  without  an 
equ  il,  from  \^s  bd, 

P  i-e  Lists  of  the  STAN 
DARI)  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY,  Patentees  and 
Ge  leral  Machmists.  Strand 
Arcade,  Derby  ;  and  Sold  by 
thi-  Prmcipal  Ironmongers  and 
beedsmen. 


6o6 


THE       GARDENERS'       CHRONICLE.  [November  7. 


188$. 


THE  gardeners;  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Hemi  Litu  cluireed  ,ir  —~ 


GARDENEES.  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

"5  words  IS.  bd.,  and  6</.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —Advertisers  are  cmjtwned 
atainst  having  Letters  addrefsed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letter,  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlumties  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Dbaths  and  Markiagbs,  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  7mi  MUST  «^A  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,   (,\   33.  lOd. 

6  Months.  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China):     includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  lor  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURl^  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

PiiBLiSHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


BUY  ONLY  ENGLISH  WATCHES. 

BENSON'S     NEW    PATENT    (No.    465S) 
'•  LUD'-.ATE  ■■  WATCH,    has    nblainej   ihe   Highest 

Award  ofa  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  Exhibition,  1886 
SILVER,  I     --    -V.  GOLD 


£5  5s. 


;£12  12s. 


The  "  Ludgate  Watch  '  Is  a  Silver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  mv  best  London  m.ike.  wnh 

"Special  Strength"  Throe-oiuarter  Plate  Movement. 

Jeivellcd  thrmtghout  in  njfies  -  true  Chronometer  balance— 
adjusted  for  extremes  with  damp  and  dust-proof  patent 
ring. bind  and  extended  barret— massive  sterling  silver  dome 
cases  ivitii  crystal  glass  front,  which  contbines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
Winds,  set  hands  and  of  ens  at  back. 

The  Immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 
of  the  "Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swlss  and  American  (made 

in  Imitation  of  and  sold  as  English)  and  10  the  Old  Full-plale 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  ihe  great  defects 
of  which  the"  Ludgate"  is  exempt— is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MED  AL— (/i«  onh  one  adjudg,  d  to  Enslisk  ll-'alches. 

Tlie  '  Ludgate"  is  oj  betlir  quality  and  vai-ue  than  any 
jiio  -watch  hitherto  made.  The  "  Ludgate  "  is  my  best  London 
make— strong,  handsome,  and  reliable-iL'ill  stand  tlte  hardest 
wear  and  roughest  usage,  and  is  tlurefore  the  best  -watch  for 
ffome,  Indian  and  Colonial  -wear  by  Gardeners  (J^o.  1,  large 
size)  IVorkmen,  and  Artisans  (No.  2,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
Officers  and  Men  in  H.M.  services.  Youths'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
small),  -will  he  sent,  free  and  safe  at  my  liji,  to  all  parts  of  the 
-world,  lor  £5  5S  .  or  in  18-Oarat  gold,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size). 

A  temitiance  by  I'.O  O..  Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three  I  hiaiter  Plate  English  Watch  for  £s  ss.  in  Silver, 
or  £i2  I2J.  in  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.     BENSON, 

Watchmaker  10   Her  Majesty  the  Ijvieen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  E.G.  : 
And  25,  Old  Bond  street,  W  .  London. 

Consequent  upontheaward  of  the  GoLU  Medal,  the  demand, 
always  gteat,  ha^  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  Orders  for 

the  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  £2  to  .^500,  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro, 
plate  and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


Ladies'  C,a:elte  of  Fashion  for  Sept.,  1883.  says 
:ss,  durabilily,  and  appearance,  we  can  most  stiongly  r 
:nd  them   .  .  .  They  combine  every  ft  am  e  of  excellence 

the  Autumn  and  Winter.    Warm  and  Durable. 
DEVONSHIRE  SERGE 
SAILOR  SUITS: 

VIZ..  Blouse,  Knicketbockers, 
Singlet.  Collar,  Badge,  Larytrd, 
-  nd    Whistle,    strong     quality, 

from  75.,  Carriage  Paid. 
F  It  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 


F'or 


Guls' 
Also  G 


Navil  Costumes  san 
price  as  Boys'. 
ilaKa  and  Jersey  S 


The 


ladie 
Serges.  Cashmeres.  Velveteens, 
and  Underclothing,  direct  from 
our  factories  at  astcnishing  low  ' 
price.  WtiteforlllustratedLisIs. 
__  and  Measurement  Forms  post-free,  from 

Midland  Manufacturing    Company,   Dudley, 


105,000  Accidents, 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company.  f4,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds,  ;(;26o.oco;  Premium  Income,  £235,000. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Fatquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.G. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

(IRISH   and   SCOTCHX 

"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  31.  td.  bottle  ;  42!.  dozen. 

'•  Special  Jury"  V\  h;skey,  7  years  old.  45.  bottle  :  48.?.  dozen. 

„         .    -         ..  ,,r^    ,       1  13  years  old,  sj.  bottle;    605.  doz. 

'  Grand  Jury    Whiskey  -j  ^^  j;^^,^  ^j^;  l^  ^„„|, .  ^„  d^^. 

So  confident  Is  Mr.  Jury  of  the  excellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  le  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  I  art  of  the  Ur.iied  Kingdom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 


WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 


QIR   JOSEPH    PAXTON'S    BOTANICAL 

O  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  3  lull 
E.vplanation  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  8vo,  clo;h.  Pnce  251. 

BOTANY  for  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  1" 
Masteks,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany,  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  lllusiralions.     Price  3s.  6rf. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
.\  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     With  400  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  5s.  M. 

T  INDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 

-Li  With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  Qs. 

T   INDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  CECONOMI- 

-Li  CAL  BOTANY.  With  numerous  Illustrations.  8vo, 
cloth.     Price  5i. 

INDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 

For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools.      Price 
IS.  sewed. 

London  :  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  AND  CO.,  Bouverie 
Street,  E.G.  

-pEVUE  de   I'HORTICULTURE    BELGE 

-IIVj  et  EIRANGFRE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — I2lh  jear.— .\inong  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich  F.  Crj!pin, 
O  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
longkindtConinck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin  B.  Oliveira, 
H  Ortgies,  E.  Pvnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Oeert 
SonrH^J.  van  HuUe,  j.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Ve.tch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ol  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  niiiin;  rous 
Engravings.  .....  ^ 

Terms  of  Sub.scription  for  the  United  Kingdom  ;— One  year, 
14^.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  .34,  Rue  de  Bruxelles  Ghent   Belgwm 

Post-ofEce  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PV  NAERT, 
Ghent. 


L 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desir.ius  of  Renting  a   Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  SLX  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  conl.^ins  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  M.\RAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Bl  RvE- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnakrt,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  V.\N  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

THE    COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'    Chronicle,    with  numerous 
Alterations  and  Additions. 

Price  id.  ;  post-free  i'/id. 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richards, 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  at   the  Office   of  the   Gardener's   Chronicle,    41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 


HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms."  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.    Price  4s.  6d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth-    Price  -js. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.  By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  11. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

HOW     TO      GROW      ASPARAGUS  . 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 


THE   SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD- FIELDS  .ind  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.     DOME.STIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HO.ME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  S:c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  in  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  dd.  ;  Stan.ped,  7./. 
Publishing  Office-Hunter  Street.  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 
Street,  E.C. 

Messrs.   Cordon  &  Gotch,  St.   Bride  Street, 
Fleet  Street,  E.C. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son.  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    si    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 

MANriiESTER. .  James  fi  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

Edinburgh Robertson  ft  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 


Plac 


^"  Copus  0/  each  Journal  are  filea  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


November  7,  1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


607 


WANTED,  a  PROPAGATOR,  for   Layer- 
ing. Grafting,  &c.— A.  F.,  5,  Granfield  Road,  Maiden- 
head, Berks. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN  who  has  served 
some  time  in  a  Nursery,  to  take  chaige  ol  Greenhouses, 
make  up  Cut  Flower?,  do  a  litile  Packing,  and  make  himself 
generally  use'ul  — Slate  wages  expected  and  experience,  with 
leferences,  to  THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.,  Dumdies. 


Shopman. 
ANTED,   an  experienced    MAN  ;    must 

been  accustomed  to  Travelling.     Full  particulars 
DOBIE  ANO  MASON,  63,  Dears^ale,  Manchester. 


w 


WANTED,  an   ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN 
in    Retail  Seed  Department;    permanent  :'        '         " 
suited.— G.  AND  W.  YATES.  Market  Place,  Manch. 


Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  for  a  provincial  town,  a  young 
MAN  accustomed  10  Counter  Work,  good  Salesman, 
&c, — Apply,  with  full  paittculars  as  to  age,  experience,  and 
salary  expected,  to  HORTUS,  Ganhniri  Ch^onide  Olljce, 
41,  Wtllinglon  Street,  Straud,  VV.C. 

Second  Counter  Hand  at  Seed  Trade- 
ANTED,  a   smart    intelligent    person,   as 

SECOND  COUNTER  HAND.  Exceptional  refer- 
;s  required  as  to  character  and  capability.  A  provincial 
on   pre'erred,    where    customers    were    seen    daily 


w 


BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Seedsi 


irehoi 


-W. 


WANTED,  an  INVOICE  CLERK.— State 
salaiy  and  full  references  to  G.  AND  W.  YATES,  Seed 
Merchants,  Manchester. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries, 
Garston,  RtQUlRE  for  one  of  their  Liverpool  Florist  Estab- 
lishments, a  young  LADY  of  good  business  ability.  Must  be  a 
competent  hand  at  Making  tlouquets.  Wreaths,  &c. — Apply, 
giving  reference,  stating  salary  expected,  to  the  MANAGER. 


WANTED,  for  the  Cut  Flower  Trade,  an 
experienced  young  LADY  to  assist  in  Consetvatory. 
Must  know  Plants,  ard  be  a  good  hand  at  malciDg  up  Wreaths, 
Boiquets,  &c.,  and  Table  Decorations. — Apply,  stating  wages 
In  or  Out-ot-doors,  to  W.  H.,  Gardeners  Chronice  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANXJ'LACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
I't  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Rest  ante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

RB.  LAIRD  and  SONS  (Successors  to  the 
•  late  Firm  of  DowNlE  &  Laikd)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wi-h  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCOTCH  GAR- 
DENERS, whose  character  and  abilities  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Establishmentsor  Single-handed 
Situations;  also  FOREMEN,  UNDER  GARDEN  ERS,  and 
FARM    BAILIFFS— 17.  Frederick  Street.  Edinburch. 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  retiulrlng  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES    CARTER    and   CO.   have   at    all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN. 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 


shou'd  be  made  to  237  a 


KICHARD     SMITH 
beg   to   announce    that    they  ate    c( 
applications    frcm    Gardeners,    seeking    sit 
they   will    be    able   to   supply  any    Lady 


,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


AND      CO. 
istantly   receiving 


licula: 


-St.  John's  Nu 


,  Won 


rpo     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

J-      MclNlVRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake   Formation  and   Flaming  of  New  Girden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Flans  prepared. 

115,  Llstria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

Gardeners.  Farm  Bailiffs,  and  Foresters. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries.  Chester,  are  always  in  a  position  to 
RECOMMEND  MEN  of  the  highest  respectability  and 
thoroughly  practical  at  their  business.  —  Full  particulars,  with 
names  of  previous  employers,  &c  ,  on  application. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin. 
burgh,  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Thoroughly  prac- 
lical ;  good  experience  in  all  branches,  includine  Orchids. 
Excellent  tesumoniais  For  further  particulars  apply  to  Mr. 
McKAY,  Maristow  Gardens,  Roborough,  South  Devon. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  A  Gentleman 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Head  Gardener,  who  has  had 
good  experience  in  general  routine.— C.  A.,  Clarence  Lodge, 
Dulwich  Road,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 
arc  kept.— A  Gentleman  dcMres  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  anyone  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man.— 
A.  A.  D.,  41.  WellinKton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (He\d).— Age  30,  single  at 
present  ;  experienced  in  ihe  Forcing  of  Flowers,  Friiit. 
and  Vegetables,  and  General  Routine  of  well-kept  place  Good 
references.— W.  L.  H.,  Broad  Moor  Cottage,  near  Weston, 
Balh. 


/^ARDENER  (Head),  where  four  or  more 

V>fl  are  kept.  —  First-tUss  excellent  personal  character, 
trustworthy  and  economical.  —  Apply  to  the  Misses.  TYR- 
WHITT  DRAKE,  39,  Elm  Park  Gardens,  S.W.  (James 
Thomas,  widower,  one  daughter  ) 


GARDENER  (Head).— The  Viscountess 
Downe,  Dingley  Park.  Market  Harborough,  wishes 
strongly  to  recommend  her  laie  Head  Gardener  to  any  Lady  or 
Genileman  requiiiog  ihe  service  of  a  thorough  practical,  trust- 
worthy, and  energetic  man,  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 


C:i  ARDENER    (Head).  —  Mr.      Bennett, 
J      Vineyard,  Potters  Bar.  can  wiih  confidence  recommend  a 

places,  to  any  Nobleman  or  Genilenun  requiring  the  services 
of  a  Gardener  fully  competent  to  take  the  Management  of  a  good 
eilabll^hment. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  ZS'>  married,  one 
child  —Colonel  Lanh  iwishe^  to  recommend  his  late 
Head  Gardener,  who  has  been  with  him  six  years,  as  a  ihc- 
loughly  efficient  man,  and  capible  of  taking  the  Management 
of  a  l.irge  Garden,  with  House-;,  Vineiies,  &c.— Apply,  stating 
particulars,  to  H.  SWINNERTON,  Kings  Bromley  Manor. 
Lichfield. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  married.— W.  Swan, 
for  the  past  twelve  and  a  half  years  at  Oakley,  Fallow- 
field,  and  three  years  previous  at  Maoley  Hall  Gardens,  is  now 
seeking  a  re-engagement.  Ttnrough  knowledge  of  Orchid 
Culture,  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  the  general  practice 
of  a  good  Garden.  Total  abstai"er.  Excellent  character  and 
references.-32.  Portland  Grove,  railowfield,  Manchester. 

TVaRDENER  (HEAL))Tage  29.— Mr.  West- 

VT  coTT,  Gardener  to  his  Gra  ,e  the  Duke  of  Cleveland, 
Raby  Castle,  Darlington,  would  ha  e  much  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending his  Foreman  as  Head  Gardener  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical,  steady  and  respectful 
man,  who  has  been  in  general  charge  of  these  gardens  upwards 
of  four  years,  and  given  me  every  ^a  .isfaciion. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  34,  single  at 
present ;  thoroughly  compstent  and  tiustwonhy,  total 
abrtainer  ;  has  had  a  thorough  prjclical  experience  in  all 
things  connected  wiih  In  and  Oi:ldoor  Gardening,  and  has 
al.o  had  long  and  large  exorrience  in  Orchid  Culture,  being 
thoroughly  well  acquainted  wi'h  tSe'iame.  Excellent  re'erences 
frrm  last  employer.  —  HENRV  '  RAIKES,  Paik  Road, 
Hampton  VVick,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27, 
married  when  suited  :  total  jbslainer.  Thirteen  years' 
good  practical  experience  in  all  brar  res.  First-class  references. 
— W.  L.  H..  Redleaf  Gardens.  Pens   urst,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  38, 
married.— The  Advertiser  is  now  open  to  engage  with 
.any  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  pr.»ctical 
Gardener  ;  also  has  a  good  practical  koowledee  of  Land  and 
Stock.  Several  years'  thoroueh  character.— W.  R.  RAVEN- 
HILL.  23,  Chaucer  Road.  Acton.  W. 

C GARDENER  (Head  VfORKiNG).— Age  46, 
^  Scotch,  no  incumbrance  ;  experienced  in  every  branch 
f>f  the  profession— Orchids.  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Total  abstainer.  Well  re- 
commended. Wife.  Dairy  and  Poul-.y.— W.  ROSS.  TiMown, 
Dursley,  Gloucestershire. 


G 


ARDENER   (Head   Working).— UniJer- 

nds  Land  and  Stock,  good  '3rchid  Grower,  Stove  and 
:eahouse  Plants.  Flower  and  l^itchei  Garden.  G  jod 
iracter  and  references.  Twenty-two  years'  practical  ex- 
ience  in  large  gardens.— J.  CHll-D,  Garbrand  Hall,  Ewell, 
•rey. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING).— Age  40, 
married,  no  family  ;  very  good  Indoors  and  Out,  Forcing 
all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Understands 
Planting  Forest  Trees  and  Layinj.Jut  Grounds,  Land,  and 
Stock.  Wife  first-class  Laundress  or  Poultry.  Well  recom- 
mended.-GARDENER.  2,  Craven,  Cottages,  Masbro'  Road 
North,  Hammersmith.  W.  

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  GAR- 
DENERand  BAILIFK-Aje  46,  mimed,  no  encum- 
brance; successful  Grower  of  Grapes,  Peach-s.  Melons,  and 
Mushrooms  ;  all  kinds  of  Early  and  Late  Forcing  :  a  good 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardener.  Good  character  from  last 
employer,  and  excellent  testimonials — E.  W.,  22,  Gloucester 
Place.  Cheltenham^ 

GARDENER  (He.ad  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed).— Age  25,  -.ingle:  experienced  in  all 
branches.  Good  character.  -  F.  SELLWOOD,  Stubbings' 
Cottage,  Maidenhead,  Berks. 

GARDENER  (Head  jr  good  Single- 
handed).— Well  experienced  in  all  branches  of  ihe  pro- 
fession. Good  personal  charaCLCr.  Total  abs:ainer.  —  .\.  B.,9, 
Churchill  Road,  Dattmoulh  Park,  L  ndon^N.W. 

GARDENER,  where  a  n.nn  with  a  practical 
knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  branches  is  rtquired, 
with  a  strong  Lad.-G.\RDEN  ER.  Gardeners'  Ckrcnicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  St.and  W.C. 

GARDENER.— Age  23,  single;  understands 
Gieeiihouses  Nursery  Won.  Landscape  Gardening, 
Drawi  g,  and  Painting.  Can  sjeak  several  langu.ges  — 
WILLIAM  LAUCHE  Chateau  Fo.lanelle,  near  Caudebec  en 
Caux.  Seine  Inli?rieure,  France. 

GARDENER,  thorough  (SINGLE-HANDED), 
where  assistance  is  given  ;  ige  33.  married.— A  Gen- 
tleman desiies  to  recommend  a  soier,  steady  man,  as  above. 
Invaluable  to  one  requiring  a  reliablt  servant  who  understands 
his  duties.-W.  H.,  Inchcliffe  Hous..  Ealing,  W 


F 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  other- 
wise).— Age  29.  single  ;  fourteen  years'  experience  In  and 
Out-of-doors,  three  years  and  eleven  months  gocd  character 
from  last  employer  and  nine  previous.— S.  BROWN,  Clare 
Cottages.  Barnes,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (SECOND),  where  several  are 
kept. — Age  25;  nine  years' experience  both  Inside  and 
Out.  Eighteen  months'  good  reference.-J.  WIDEN,  The 
Gardens,  Hayes  Place,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

O RE M A n7  or    MANAGER    of   a    small 

. — Age  311.  married  :  first-class  Grower  olToraatos, 
Cucumbers,  Stiawberries,  &c.  Twelve  years'  experience  in 
London  Nurseries— W.  C  ,  Shardow.  near  Derby. 

Cut  Flower  Trade. 

FOREMAN.— J.  H.  Pounce,  who  is  relin- 
quishing  business,  can  thoroughly  recommend  his  Foreman , 
Mr.  Merritt,  to  fill  a  similar  position  as  a  steady,  experienced, 
persevering  man  —Pounce's  Nursery,  Hendon,  N.W. 

FOREMAN  ;  age  24— George  Stanton, 
Park  Place  Gardens,  Henley-on-Thames,  can  safely 
recommend  a  young  man  as  above.  Good  kncwle  Ige  of  Plant 
and  Fruit  Culture,  and  a  good  Orchid  Grower.  Nine  years* 
experience.     Moral  character  excellent.— AdJress  as  above. 

Tj^OREMAN,    in    a    good    establishment.  — 

-*-  Age  26 ;  ten  years'  experience  in  first-ctass  establish- 
ments. Well  up  in  all  branches.  Neatly  three  years  ss  Fore- 
man. Strong  and  ac:ive.  Good  references.-FOREMAN 
35,  Melronby  Terrace.  Chorley  Old  Road.  Bolton. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  25  ;  experienced  in  all  branches.  Two  years'  Fore- 
man in  present  situation.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  present 
and  previous  employers.— E.  J.  SMITH,  Caldecote  Hall 
Garden?,  Nuneaton,  Warwickshire. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR     and     FOREMAN.— Well 
up  in    the    Propagation    of    Rhododendrons,    Conifeise, 
Clematis,  an?l  Roses,  all   Hardy  Plants,  &c.— W.  B.,  Bagshot, 


P^ 

lOPAGATOR 

aod  GROWER.- 

-Ai?e 

26; 

has  had 

:welve  ye 

rs'  experience  in  the  London  M 

arket 

■Irad 

.     Good 

reference. - 

-E.  W..  Abbey  Nursery 

West  End 

Lane 

Kilburn 

N.W. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.— Well  up 
in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
general.  Sixteen  years' experience.  Good  references. — R.  W., 
Longlands  Nursery,  Sidcup,  Kent. 

To  Nurserymen. 
PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER  (Indoors).— 

-*-       Age  23  ;  over  seven  years' experience.     Good  references. 
—JOHN   WINSER,  Plummers  Plain,  Horsham. 

JOURNEYMAN.— S.  Jenks,  The  Gardens, 

O       Brambletree,  East  Giinslead,   would  be  gUd   to  reccom- 
mend  a  thorough  industrious  young  man,  as  above. 

OURNEYMAN   (Outside    or    Inside).— 

Age  2j;  six  years'  experience.  Son  -  of  a  Scotch  Gar- 
.  Good  reference.  Abstainer.  —  GARDENER,  St. 
I'f,  liootetstown,  Dublin. 


J 


TMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age   19;  has 

-L    had  some  experience.    Gocd  references.  —  H.  T.,   Rhine 

Hill.  Slratford-on-Avon. 

To     NURSERYMEN.  — An    expert    hand 
wants  a  situation.     Nine  years'  character  from  Paul  & 
Son(Mr.  W.  Paul.  Waltham    House.  Waliham  Cross).-J.    R, 


.  C  G.  Chittenden,  The  Grange.' Hoddesdo 


,  He 


MANAGER,  &c. — ADVERTISER  wishes  place 
in  the  Trade.  Considerable  experience  in  every  branch 
—home  and  abroad,  or  would  Manage  Business.— W.  A  ,  Geer 
&  Son.  S3,  Preston  Road.  Brighton. 


M 


To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

ANAGER  (ASSISTANT),  SALESMAN,  or 

COKKESPONIJENT.-A  young  man  (age  27),desires 
11  educated,  thoroughly 


acquainted  with  all  kinds  of  Office  Work,  and  has  a  (air  km 
ledge  of  General  Nursery  Work  and  Stocks,  especially  in  Her- 
baceous and  Florist  Flower  Departments.  First-class  references 
Can  begin  at  once. — C.  H.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  ar, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


SHOPMAN  (HEAD),  or  MANAGER.— Age 
40 ;  twenty  years'  experience  in  Retail  Seed  Trade, 
gained  in  first-class  London  Houses.  Good  Book-keeper,  and 
efficient  Correspondent.  Moderate  salary.  —  F.  A.R.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Offipe.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


OHOPMAN    (Head).— 

^^     years'    practical    experience 
Trade.     First  class   references.— F. 
OlTice,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand 

Age    27  ; 

n    Wholesale 
S..    Gardem 
,  W.C. 

fourteen 

and    Retail 
rs    Ch,oncU 

eleven 

THE      SEED     TRADE.  —  Situation 

anted  by  a  young  man  (age  26)  with  good  references  and 
'ears'    experience.     Could   enter    upon   engagement  at 
.  M.,  Hurst  &  Son,  152,  Houndsdilch,  London,  E.G. 

TO  THE  SEED  TRADE.— A  young  man 
(age  -21).  requires  a  situation  in  the  Seed  Trade.  Four 
years'  experience  in  first-class  firms.  Has  been  twelve  months 
in  England,  at  John  Laing  &  Co.'s.  Good  rtferences.— E. 
ROMAlN,  9.  Lower  Winchester  Road.  Catford,   London,  S.E. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—Ever  Useful.— The  afflicted  by  illness  should  took 
their  diseases  fully  in  the  face,  and  at  once  seek  a  remedy  for 
them.  A  short  search  will  convince  the  most  sceptical  that 
these  noble  medicaments  have  afforded  ease,  comfort,  and  often- 
times complete  lecovery  to  the  most  tortured  sufferers.  The 
OintmeLt  will  cure  all  descriptions  of  Sores  Wounds,  Bad 
Legs,  Sprain?,  Eruptions,  Erysipelas,  Rheumatifm,  Gout,  and 
Skm  Affections.  The  Pills  never  fail  in  correctirg  and 
strengthening  the  Stomach,  and  in  restoring  a  Deranged  Liver 
to  a  wholesome  condition,  in  rousing  I'orpid  Kidneys  to 
increase  their  secretion,  and  in  re  establishing  the  natural 
healthy  activity  of  the  Bowels.  Holloway's  are  the  remedies 
for  complaints  of  all  classes  of  society. 


668 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  7,  18 


SUTTON'S 


I  For  Outdoor 
and  Indoor 
Cultivation.  I 


BULBS. 


SUTTON'S     BULBS 
For  OPEN  GROUND. 


COLLECTION  C,  i2co  Bulbs 
COLLECTION  D,  6jo  Bulbs 
COLLECTION  K,     300  Bulbs 


423  Od. 
21S.  Od. 
lOs.  6d 


SUTTON'S     BULBS 
For  POTS  and  GLASSES. 


COLLECTION  H,  430  Bulbs 
COLLECTION  J,  25°  Bulbs 
COLLECTION  H,  115  Bulbs 


42s  Od. 
213,  Od. 
lOS.  6d. 


For  full  particulars  see 
SUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

Gratis  and post-frte  on  application. 


Seedsmen  by  Koyal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the 

Queen  and  HE  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


MONMOUTHSHIRE     ROSES 

Are  noted  for  being  strong,  well-rooted  aad  vigorous. 
Dwarf  H.P.  8s   per  dozen.  37s.  6^.  per  loj. 
Standards  H.P.  151.  per  dozen,  1005.  per  100. 


SEAKALE, 


strong,  for  forcing,  14s.  pe 


CONIFER/E,  FOREST,  and  FKUIT  TREES  of  all  kinds. 
PILLINGER  &  CO. 

Sekd  Merchants  and  Nursekv.men,  ChjPoTOW. 

Established  1779. 

The  Largest  Rose  Grounds  in  England 

New  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 

CATALOGUE  of  ROSES 

Is  now  published,  and  will  be  forwarded  on 
application. 

ROSES,   Hybrid  Perpetual,  e.\tra  fine,  Dwarf, 
■]s.  dd.,  gx.,  and  12s.  per  dozen. 
„    Tea-scented,  extra  fine,  1 2.f.  to  i  Sj-.  per  doz. 
„     Standard,   extra  fine,   12s.,   i8j.,   and  24J. 
per  dozen. 

CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

KING'S   ACRE,  HEREFORD. 
Telegrams:    CRANSTONS.     HEREFORD. 

^^ 


iH^M^Wf^ -^^' 


OUR  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

WE  are  determined  (under  this  heading  in 
particular,  when  so  many  are  supposed  to  have  the  best) 
to  keep  our  announcements  accurate.  I  ast  year  our  show  ol 
our  100  teet  houses  was  described  by  the  Press,  and  admitted  to 
be  an  extraordinary  exhibition  and  the  best  trade  display  ever 
seen.  This  year  we  have  erected  five  houses,  specially  con- 
structed, which  present  a  continuous  bank  of  the  whole  family 
from  the  original  species  to  900  named  varieties,  1000  feet  by  4  to 
5  feet  wide,  of  nearly  5000  plants,  with  vigorous  dark  gteen 
loliage.  and  as  near  perfeciion  as  can  well  be  imagined,  and  ihe 
treat  which  awaits  all  lovers  can  readily  be  anticipated.  Beyond 
this  the  coUectioD  is  enriched  with  best  varieties  direct  from 
Japan  ;  also  Messrs.  CuUingford,  Teesdale,  A.  W.  Tait,  and  our 
own  seedlings  Consequently,  we  leel  quite  justified  m  saying 
that  nothing  hitherto  so  interesting  in  the  history  of  the  Chry- 
santhemum ever  approached  those  now  on  view  at  Swanley. 

Send    for    our     C\TALOrTUE  —  the    most    complete    and 
Descriptive  of  the  best  kept  CoUeciion  in  England. 

A  Greatly  Reduced  PRICE  LIST  of  Eighty  New  ' 
collected  from  all  parts  of  the  World  abo  sent  post-free. 

H.     CANNELL     &     SONS, 

THE    HOME   OF   FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,     KENT. 


B.    S.    ^VILLIAMS' 

EXHIBITION  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

ETC.,    WILL    BE   HELD   IN   THE 

LARGE   WINTER    GARDEN 

{100  feet  by  40  feet),  at  the 

VICTORIA   AND   PARADISE    NURSERIES,    UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N., 

from  NOVEMBER  2  lo  21,  from  10a.m.  to  dusk  daily. 

And  the  Urge  Collection  of  Pitcher  Plants  (N'cpenthes,  Sarracenias,  &c.),  are  now  at  their  best — there 
are  many  thousands  of  Pilcliers.     They  are  well  worthy  a  visit. 
Admission  Free  to  Patrons  of  tbe  Establishment,  or  on  Presentation  of  Card 


■3s 


10 " 

S  s 

I! 

R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vlneiies,  Stovea,  Green.houaea,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  hous'  s,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 

Conservatories  au-l  Winter  Gardens  desired  nrchitecmrally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  1?^  ■^c^x..     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Fra-Tiea,  Sashes.  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock, 

P/uns,  Estimates  and  Catalogufs  free.      Customers  "waited  on  in  any  Pari  of  the  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    C  H  ARGES FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    REST    MATERIALS 

Aow  Ready.,  in  Crown  Octavo^  Price  \s.j    Post-free^  \s.  yi.^ 

THE    HORTICULTURAL    DIRECTORY   FOR    1886. 

THE   "HORTICULTURAL  DIRECTORY"   IS  A   COMPLETE    REGISTER  OF  THE  ADDRESSES  OF 

ALL  THE   MOST    IMPORTANT   ESTABLISHMENTS   AND    PERSONS 

Connected    vith    Horticulture    in    the    United    Kingdom    and    on    the    Continent. 

IT    ^S    ARRANGED    IN    FOURTEEN    SECTIONS,    AND    CONSISTS    OF- 

IX.  Alphabetical    List  of  the  Seats  in  Great    Britain   and 
Ireland,    showing   the  Countits  in  which  thev  ate 
situated,  their  Owners,  and  the  nearest  Railway 
Station,  and  distance  from  it 
X.  Alphabetical    List    of    the    Gardeners,    and    iheir    full 
Addresses,  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
XL   List  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  and  Public  Parks  through- 
out  the   World,    with   their   Curators  and  Super- 
intendents. 
XII.  List  of  Landscape  Gardeners.  Garden  Architects,  and 
Horticultural  Builders  and  Engineers. 
XIII.  List  of  the  Botanical.  Horticultural,  and  Floral  Societies 
in  Great   Britain  and    Ireland,  with  iheii  Names 
and  Address  of  their  Secretaries,  including  those 
that  are  in  alliance  with  the  Royal  Horticultural 

XIV.    Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists  on  the  Continent. 


I. 

London  Seedsmen  ind  Florists. 

11. 

Nurserymen,  Seecsmen,  and   Florists  residing  wilhin 
the  postal  di-,ncts  of  the  Metropolis. 

County  List  c>  thc-Jurserymea,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
in  England  a^d  Wales. 

III. 

IV. 

Ditto,  ditto,  in  Sco-land. 

V. 

Ditto,  ditto,  in  Ire.Vnd. 

VI 

Ditto,  ditto,  in  the  Channel  Islands. 

VII 

Alphabetical  Lists  of  the  Nurser>-men.  Seedsmen,  and 
Florists  in  Griat  B.iUin  and  Ireland. 

VIII.  CouUy  Lists  of  the  Seats  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  their  Gardeners,  and 
the  nearest  Pat  To^vn. 


"JOURNAL  OF  ]IORTICULTURE"    OFFICE,    171,  FLEET  STREET,  LONDOM,  E.G. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &C. 


JAMES     BOYD    &    SONS, 

HORnCLILTUR.'VL  BUILDERS  AND 

IlEATIN'G   ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 

LONDON  OFFICE  ;   48,  PaU  Mall,  S.W. 


z  a 

O   !d 


ci 


-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WAKM.NU  CHURCHLb    SCHOOLo    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS    MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  R03MS   DRYING  ROOMS    HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co. 
he  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Co' 
Aeent  for  Manchester — John  Hhvwood. 


isiiess  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  at,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Gar. 

lombard  Street    Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middle, 

:r,  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  November^;,  -°°- 

Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Me 


:iES  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgoi 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaljlifijbeti  i84i. 


No.  620.— Vol.  XXIV. {series.}   SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  14,  1885.        {f^^& 


"pLrMTN^'iPOST-FREE,    sJrf. 


CONTENTS. 

Aerides  vandarum 

6^3 

Hedychium  flavescens  .. 

American  floriculture     .. 

6ig 

Hoya       longifolia       var. 

Apiary,  the 

62, 

Shepherdii 

Apple  and    Pear  Confer- 

Impatiensglanduhfera .. 

ence  at  Edinburgh 

62S 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

Books  :  — 

Leaves,  manurial  value  of 

The  House  Sparrow  . . 

6?ft 

Mushroom,    a    common 

Brassia  elegantula 

(11(1 

edible 

Carnation    layers,    treat- 

Narcissus viridiflorus     . . 

ment  of 

627 

Odontoglossum,  the  genus 

Carpenter,  Dr.     . . 

02b 

Orchid  sale,  great 

Cherkley  Court,    conser- 

Orchids   at     Mr.     Bull's 

vatory  at 

b24 

nursery  

Clirysanthemums 

676 

Penicillum,  sclerotia  of.. 

Chbran    &    Son's,    notes 

Phylloxera  laws  . . 

from         

627 

Rosery,  the 

Dahlias  and   Marguerites 

627 

Royal  Meteorological  So- 

Dianthus japomcus 

027 

ciety       

Eight  days  in  the  Garden 

Societies  : — 

of  England 

6IB 

Crystal    Palace    Chry- 

Fernfield, Bridge  of  Allan 

619 

santhemum    . . 

Flora    of    the    Peruvian 

Highgate,        Finchley. 

Andes 

62s 

and  Homsey 

Florists  flowers    . . 

6?T 

Kingston  and  Surbiton 

Flower  garden,  the 

62:1 

National     Chrysanthe- 

Fruit notes 

mum 

Fruits  under  glass 

621 

Richmond 

Ghent    Horticultural    So 

Royal  Horticultural  . . 

ciety        

62s 

Sloke  Newington 

Guadalupe  Island 

6S2 

Solanum  Maglia . . 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the 

62, 

Telpherage 

Heleoium    autumnale,    a 

Vanda  ccerulea 

monstrous 

6?T 

Weather 

Horticultural   exhibition, 

Woburn  Abbey    .. 

1887         

624 

Yuccas  fruiting     . . 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Aerides  vandarum 

Aearicus  odorus    ..         ..         

Cherkley  Court,  views  in  the  Conservatory  3 

plementary  Sheet.) 
Helenium  autumnale,  a  monstrous 
Hoya  longifolia  var  Shepherdii 


APPEAL  TO  THE  BENEVOLENT 

On  behalf  of  Two  Sisters,  aged  respectively  70  and  72 
{the  younger  has  been  an  invalid  for  many  years),  who 
have  hved  together  all  their  Lives.  The  leases  of  their 
property  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  some  six  years  ago,  they  have  vainly 
struggled  since  then  to  obtain  a  living  by  letting  apart- 
ments, but  the  little  money  they  had  saved  being  now 
quite  exhausted,  and  owing  over  a  year's  rent,  make 
this  Appeal,  hoping  to  save  their  home  from  being 
broken  up,  and  parting  with  everything  they  possess. 
Will  any  kind  Friends  help  them  in  their  deepest  dis- 
tress ?  The  toUowing  Gentlemen  have  kindly  allowed  a 
reference  to  be  made  to  them,  and  will  give  every  in- 
formation respecting  the  genuineness  of  this  Appeal  : — 


Dr.    MAXWELL  T.  MASTERS,   F.R.S.,    41,   Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.  C, 

Mr.  THOS.  VERNON,  llWily  Dispatch  Office. 

Mr.  J.  P.  FULLER,  (.,  Weymouth  Street.  Portland  Place  W. 

Mr.  W.  H.  PERCY,  Weekly  Dispatch  Office. 

Mr.  J.  KEASLEY,  62,  Saltoun  Road,  Bnxton.  S.W. 

Mr.  W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Sueet,  Strand,  W.C. 
Contributions  will  he  gratefully  received  and 
thankfully  acknowledged  by   Mr.  w.  Richards. 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle"  Office,  41,  Welbnglon  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON, 
London." 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
Y'ffE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publis/ier, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready.  In  cloth.  I63. 
'-pHE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIII,,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellmgton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— The  first  Importa- 
tions  of  these  Bulbs  are  now  in  our  hands.   Lowest  prices 
to  the  Trade  on  application  to 

JAMES  CARTER.   DUNNETT   and    BEALE,   537   and 
238,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C. 

OUVARDIAS     and     CYCLAMENS      in 

Flower  and  Bud. —Fine  bushy  Plants,  m  48-pots.  of 
Alfred  Neuner.  double  white  ;  Dazzler,  Jasminoides.  President 
Garfield,  Rosea  oculata,  iSs.  per  dozen.  CYCLAMENS  in 
Flower  and  Bud.  \7S.,  185.,  ajd  301.  per  dozen. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 


MY    NEW    PRICE    LIST    of   SeeiJs   and 
Plants  for  1885-6,    may  be  obtained  from  WERNER 
MEYER,  Esq..  Hamburgh. 

A.  LIETZE,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Caixa,  S44. 


Notice  to  tbe  Trade. 

THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Tottenham  Nurseries, 
London,  begs  to  draw  attention  to  his  offer  of  CHOICE 
FLOWER  SF.EDS.  which  will  be  posted  in  company  with  the 
"  Horticultural  Advertiser  "  of  next  week. 


Limes- Limes— Limes. 

JOHN  PERKINS  and  SON  offer  extra 
fine  Standard  LIMES,  ij  to  14  feet,  with  straight  stems 
nd  good  heads,  suitable  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  30^.  per 
.ojen.  Bilimg  Road  Nurseries,  Northampton. 


HELLEBORUS   NIGER  (Christmas  Rose). 
Special  offer  of  imported   Roots  on  application  (just 
arriving)  to 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,   Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street.  Siiaad.  W.C. 

ILIUM  AURATUM.— Fine,  large,  plump 

English-grown  Bulbs,  8,  10,  and  i2  inches,  and  monster 
Bulbs,  14  to  15  inches  in  circumference,  now  readv. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL.  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

PEARS^PEARS— PEARS^^^YRAMIDS, 
of  the  finest  varieties,  6s.,  91.,  i2j.  per  dozen  ;  TRAINED 
TREES,  12!.  15s,  i8j  per  dozen. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  O.dfield  Nurseiies,  Altrincham; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


F 


WHINHAM'S         INDUSTRY  GOOSE- 

BERRY, from  the  ongmal  Stock,    held  by    the    Sub- 
scriber.    (Quantity  very  limited.     Price  on  application  to 
THOMAS    MATHESON,  Nurseryman,  Morpeth. 

OR    SALE,    some   excellent    BEDMAN'S 

IMPERIAL  BLUE  PF.AS,  in  quantities  of  i  quart  or 
more.— Apply  10  Mr.  HOWARD.  Temple  Bruer,  Grantham. 

CUT  FLOWERS,  FERN.— We  are  open  to 
take  above  from  Growers  for  Sale  on  Commission. 
THOMSON,  Market  Hall,  Birmingham. 

mT" P E RRyT  Jun.,    Smithfield    Market, 

Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSI(5N- 
MENTS  of  GRAPES,  TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers'  and  Trade  references. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets,  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  sup[,lied. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and    Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 

Market,  and  191.  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

Warehouse— 37,  Hart  Street,  W.C. 


Floral  Commission  A.genc7. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  w,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  op5n  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantuy.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  .sent  daily. 
Bankers*  and  good  I'rade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
North  Row,  CoventGarden,  London.W.C.  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

SQUELCH         AND         BARNHAM, 
giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  10  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MAR  KET  PRICE. 

SQUE  L  cTh      AND      bXrTTha  u. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daUy,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supphed. 

WANTED,  Twenty  Scotch   FIFr"TREErs 
10  feet  high.     Delivered  to  Sunny-Side,  Homsey  Lane, 
N.,  in  good  condition. 

State  price,  &c..  to  the  GARDENER,  as  above. 

ANTED,      PINE-APPLE     SUCKERS. 

State  varieties,  quantity,  and  price,  to 
A.  H.,    3.    Lilly    Bank.    Stretford,    near    Manchester. 


w 


w 


ANTED,    RHUBARB— a    few    hundred 

Albert,   or  any  really  good   Forcing  variety  of 
d  colour.     Say  price  per  100  to 
THOMAS  H.  MAWSON,  Nurseryman,  Windermere. 


TELEGRAMS. 
■•  WALLACE,  COLCHESTER."  is  now  the  Telegraphic 
Address  of  the  NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

TELEGRAPH  I  C       AD  DRE  S  S  .— 
"GILBERT,   STAMFORD." 
It  is  said  that  Conservatives  have  no  Policy.     Being  a  thorough 
one  I  declare  my  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honestly,  to  sell  all  I  can, 
and  to  give  general  satisfaction.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 
R.  GILBERT.  High  Park  Gardens.  Stamford. 


c 


ALADIUM,         LONDO  N." 

The  abiive  is  our  Address  for  Inland  Telegrams. 


Standard  varieties  ;  the  most  complete  Collection  in  th"  Trade 

LISTS  Gratis  on  appiicatioo. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


T 


ELEGRAMS.— "PAUL,    CHESHUNT," 

IS  Registered  by  and  Suffices  for 

PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 

The  great  all-round  Hardy  Plant  Nursery. 


FINE  CUT  FLOWERS.  —  LILACS, 
ROSES,  TUBEROSES,  VIOLETS.  &c.  Wholesale 
Catalogues  and  Prices  on  application.-ANDERSON,  LANG- 
BEHN  AND  CO.,  Horliculteurs,  22,  Rue  de  Dunkerque,  Paris. 

HI  M  A^^N^TOP  H  YLLUM      (Clh^ia)      mT  N  \- 
ATUM    GRANUIFLORA,    fresh    Seed    (germination 
guaranteed).    13  seeds.  31.6.1'   ;  50  seeds,  loj   ;  103  .-eeds,  i(j. 
ED.  PYNAEKT,  Ghent.  Belgium. 


Strong  Larch,  well  transplanted. 

W  JACKSON  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Bedale, 
•  can  offer  planters  200,000  good  LARCH,  ajz  to  3  feet, 
and  3  to  4  feet,  very  cheap.  Write  for  samples  and  prices.  Also 
Scotch  KIR  and  SPRUCE,  all  sues 


Nsrmphsea  alba  rosea ! 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer    strong    i-year  Seedlings   of    this  beautiful 
Hardy  Rose  coloured  WATER-LILY.     Price  on  application 
Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Nelhcrlands. 


New  Cttrysanthemums. 

ROWEN  is  offering  strong  flowering  plants 
•  (DELAUX)  varieties  for  1886,  2ri.  per  dozen;  Cuttings, 
rooted,  \oS-  6d.  per  dozen  ;  twelve  varieties  lor  1885  ;  Green 
Plants,  lor.  fid.  per  dozen:  Rooted  Cutiings,  is.  6tf.  ;  Cuttings, 
55.  Best  Exhibiliin  and  Decorative  sorts — l^uttings,  ir.  6J.  per 
Gozen,  two  dozen,  ar.  6J.  Catalogue  6et.,  free  to  purchasers. 
The  Floral  Nurseries.  Maidenhead. 

P(\UL'S  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c..  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  the  Waltham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  and  SON,  WaUham  Cross. 

FgHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS, lii 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  ot 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  121.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  niKo  be  knocked 
out  of  pole  and  sent  by  parcel  post.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

EW    EUCHARIS.  — A  First-class  Certifi- 

cate  was  awarded  on  Tuesday  the  13th  Oct.,  to  the  new 

EUCHARIS   MASTERSII,   by  the  Floral  Committee  of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.     Price  5s.  each.  2  guineas  per  doz 

WILLIAM     HULL.    F.L.S.,    Establishment    for    New  and 

Rare  Plants,  536.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S  W. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Shrubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  'Transplanting.  Prices  are  low.  Early  orders 
solicited.  LISTS  on  aiplication. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

'OOME    LARGE  I'YRAM ID    PEACHltnd 

O     other  TREES  ol  the  best  suris,  in  lull  bearing,  for  Sale. 
About  to  be  removed  from  a  Gentleman's  Oichard-house. 

N.  R,,  Gardeners    Chronicle  Office,  4c,  Wellington  Stree-, 
Strand,  W.C. 

Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  also    FRUIT  TREES  of  all  descripiioi.s, 
in  large  numbe-s.     CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

CHARLtS  TURNER,  The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

AMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 

BURGH    VINES.— Extra   strong    Fruiting    Canes  of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

T.  JACKSON  AND  .CON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 

AULIFLOWER      PLANTS     for^  SALE 

(Early  London  strain).       For  price,  apjiy 
CHAS.  STEEL,  Grower.  New  Farm,  Ealine,  W. 

Russia  Mats,  and  Horticultural  Sundries. 

rAS.    T.    ANDERSON'S   Annual  Catalogue 
is  now  ready,  ami  will  be  forwarded,   posi-'ree.  on  appli- 
tion.~i49   Comniercul  Street,  Shoiciiich.  1  onrion.  E. 
Telegraphic  Addrebs—"JAIEA,  LONDON." 


c 


6io 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Flower  Eoots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C  .  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
S-iTURDW,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  farms  in 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finistiing  generally  at  fialf-past  4  o  Clock. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


M 


No 


Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7019.) 

,  First-class  .'-wiidard.  Dwarf,  and  ClimbinK  ROSES, 
FRUIT  TREES,  of  sons  CONIFERS,  SHRUBS, 
BORDER  PLAN  I'S,  BULBS  in  variety,  &c. 

R.    J.    C.    STEVENS    will    SELL     the 

above  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Ro-.ms,  38,  King 
"       ;n,  W.C.._  on   WEDNESDAY  NEXl, 


Oni 


t  half-past  12  o  Clock  precisely. 

V  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7020.) 
CYPKIPEDIUM    INSIGNE   WALLACE!. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  ^8,  King 
Street  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT. 
November  19,  a  fine  plant  of  the  new  CYPRIPEDIUM 
INSIGNE  WALLACEI  in  flower,  which  obtained  a  First- 
class  Certificate  at  South  Kensington  on  November  10. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next-(Sale  No.  ^a•^o.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  OF  ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER. 

R.     J.    C    STEVENS     will     SELL     by 


M 


AU'CTION,  at  his  Great  Rorms.  38.  Ki 
Covent  Garden,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  November  19.  at 
h'.ll-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  collection  of  ORCHIDS 
IN  FLOWER,  comprising  splem'id  varieties  of  OdontogloSiUm 
Alexandiat,  O.  Pescatorei,  a  grand  specimen  of  Cypriptdium 
Sedeni.  C.  punctatum  violaceum.  C.  insigne  Wallacei  (new), 
C.  .spicerlanum.  Oncidmm  Jonesianum,  Cattleya  maxima, 
Vanda  lamellata  Eoxdlli,  Phaljenopsis  amabilis.  Lxlia  autum- 
nalts  atiorubens,  Calanthes.  Dcndrotjes,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next. -(Sale  No.  7020 ) 
CYPRIfEDlUiM  SEDENI-grand  Specimen. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
Sale  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  Kirg 
Street.  Covtnt  Garden.  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT. 
Novfinber  19  the  finest  specimen  in  the  country  of  CYPRI- 
PEDIU.Vl  aEDENI  in  pot  2  feet  across,  with  thirty-two 
spikes  (--ome  branched;,  in  splendid  health. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next,— (Sale  No  70:0) 
ESIABlISHED   ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  SIEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SAI.E  by  AUCITON,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King 
Street,  Ci.vent  tiarden.  W.C,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Shuttle- 
worth,  Carder  &  Co  ,  ..n  THURSDAY  NEXT.  November  19, 
about  200  lots  of  good  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  including 
fine  plants  of  many  well-known  species. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Saturday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7022.) 
PLANTS  FROM  GHENT. 

MR.   J.    C.   STEVENS  will   include  in  his 
SA1.E  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
i-treel,    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    on    SATURDAY     NEXT. 
November     21,     a     consignment     of     PALMS,     AZALEAS, 
SPIR/EAS.  CAMELLIAS,  and  other  PLANTS  from  Ghent. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs.— Every  Monday,  Thursday,  &  Saturday. 
GREAI'  UNREbERVtD   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELLby  AUTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  f  7 
and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.  EVERY  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATUK  DAY,  at  hall-past  11  o'Clrck  precistly  each  day, 
800  Lois,  comprising  thousands  of  Double  and  Single  HYA- 
CINTHS. TULIPS.  NARCISSUS,  CKOCUS.  and  other 
BULBS  irom    Holland,  in  excellent  qtiality,  lotted  losuit  the 


Trade  and  Prl 
On  vi 


1  Buy 


:  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


City  Auction  Rooms,  38  &  39.  Gracechurch  St.,  E.C. 

MESSRS.  PKolHEkOE  AND  MUKRIS 
»ii|  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  the  above  Rooms,  on 
TUESDAY  Novemhir  17,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  First- 
cliss  CnLLECrUlN  of  DUTCH  BULBS,  400  handsome 
.Standard  and  other  KOSES,  Selected  FRUIT  TREES, 
Hard>  CON  I  FEk.'E  SHRUBS.  AMERICAN  PLANTS,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  the  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  had  at  the 
Rooms,  and  01  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapsiuc,  E.C., 
and  LeytoDstone,  £. 


Catford,  SE. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  oi  PLANTS.  UTENSILS,  Eight 
valuable  Alderney  LOWS,   BULL,  &c. 

TYIESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 

-^'J-  are  instructed  by  F.  Sewell.  E;q  (who  is  leaving  the 
neighbourhood),  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Flower  House,  Southend.  Catiord,  about  a  mile  frum  Lower 
Sydenham  station,  on  THURSDAY.  November  19,  at  12 
o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  nl  the  choice  collection  ol  aTOVE 
and  GREEN  HOUSE  PLANTS,  handsome  Palms.  Tree,  Filmy 
and  other  Exotic  Fetns,  fine  Crotons  and  Dracsnas.  Camellias, 
Azaleas,  Stephanotis,  a  lew  Orchids,  nearly  new  span-root 
GI<kENHOU  =  E,  capital  Gold  Medal  BOUER,  Hot-water 
PIPING,  several  FRAMES,  2  LAWN  MOWERS,  80  Iron 
HURDLES,  FENCING  and  GATES,  Oil-cake  CRUsHER, 
PLOUGH,  iron  Field  ROLLER,  nearly  new  Stack  CLOTH, 
Park  PHaETON  by  Hooper.  Tumbril  CART,  Eight  pure- 
bred Aldeiuev  COWS,  and  a  valuable  Pedigree  Aldemey 
BULL,  trom  Fowler,  Southampton  ;  and  numerous  other  items. 
On  view  the  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on 
the  Premises  (of  the  HEAD  GARDENER),  or  of  the  Auc- 
lionecrs  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside.  E.C. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 
TV/TESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 

1^X.  are  instructed  by  Tlie  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Com- 
pany (Limited)  (in  consequence  of  the  Land  being  required  to 
extend  the  cultivation  ol  Roses,  a  specialty  of  their  establish- 
ment), to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  extensiveNurseries, 
King's  Acre,  near  Hereford,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNES- 
eral  Acres  of  first-class  NURSERY 


Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHERuE  AND  MORRIS 
are  mstructed  by  Mr,  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  EC,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  November  20,  at  lal-iast 
12  o'Clrck  precisely  a  grand  impiriatioii  of  CATILEYA 
AMETHYSTOGI  OSSA,  in  fine  condition:  also  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM  HVSTRIX,  a  fine  specimen  of  PHAIUS 
TUBERCULOSUS.  probably  the  finest  in  existence,  aid 
several  other  rare  ORCHIDS  ;  also  some  fine  importations  ot 
CAITLEYA  DOWIANA,  C.  MOSSIjE,  C.  ACLANDI^, 
C.  SPECIOSISSIMA,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Flowering  Orchids— Special  Sale, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  N  EX  1  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  the  above  will  lake  place  on  TUESnAY.  Nr.vember  24.  for 
which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  ENTRIES  as  soon  as 

Hinton  St.  George,  Somerset 

About  3  miles  from  Crewketne.     EXPIRATION  of  LEASE 

of  BRANCH  NURSERY. 

MESSRS.  MAYNARD  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  B.  R.  Davis,  of  Yeovil,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  MONDAY,  November  23  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  WELL-GROWN 
NURSERY  STOCK,  including  upwards  of  100,000  Larch, 
30,000  Privet  ovalifolium,  40,000  Thorns,  is.coo  Currants, 
several  thousands  of  Gooseberries,  &c. 

Catalogues  ready,  of  the  Auctioneeis,  Taunton  ;  or  of  Mr. 
B.  R.  DAVIS.  Yeovil  Ni 


WANTED,  OrAamental  GREENHOUSE, 
about     30    X    15    feet,    with    or    without    Hot-water 
apparatus.     Sketch  and  particulars. 

Address.  W.  G,  S.,  1  Seymour  Street,  Bath. 

West  of  England 

OLD  ESTABLISHED  SEED  BUSINESS 
for  DISPOSAL  —Central  situation  in  an  important  city, 
with  extensive  connection  in  several  counties,  principally 
Flower  and  Agricultural.     Excellent  opening. 

Full  paiticniars  and  terms  ol  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London.  E  C.  


DAY,  Dei 

STOCK,  all  in  splendid  '<. 

Further  particula 


val. 


appe 


FOR  DISPOSAL,  a  FLORIST'S  and 
JOBBING  BUSINESS,  6  miles  West  of  London.- 
Good  eight-roomed  House,  eight  Greenhouses,  three  Frames, 
Half  an  Acre  of  Land.  Present  hands  fourteen  years  ;  giving 
up  through  illness. 

Apply,  J.  L.,  42,  The  Grove,  Ealing.  Middlesex. 

URSERY  for  SALE,  at  South  Streatham, 

by  Older  of  Executors.  Lease,  Stock,  and  Horse  and  Cu-t. 
Alow  price  will  be  laken. 

Apply  at  the  Nursery,  adjoining  Norbury  Railway  Station. 

FOR  SALE,  at  a  Valuation,  a  small  NUR- 
SERY cf  I  Acre,  well  stocked,  three  large  Span  Houses, 
Cutting-house  and  Frames.  Plenty  of  Jobbing  Woik  to  be 
done.     Stock  can  be  icduced.     Rent.  ^^30 

B..  121,  Blackstock  Road.  Finsbury  Park,  London,  N. 

URSERY,     S     miles     from     London, 

Lease  nineteen  years,  Rent  {,ia  for  the  lot,  about 
I  Acre  ot  GROUND,  nice  double-fronted  COTTAGE, 
recently  built. 

Price  for  Lease,  and  three  splendidly-built  GLASS 
HOUSES,  one  ijo  feet  long,  one  no  feet,  and  one  100  feet, 
with  SIX  rows  01  PIPE,  all  nearly  new,  and  well  heated, 
only  £t^oo,  part  of  which  can  remain  at  5  per  cent. 

Apply.  C-  H    COWLES    Woodford.  Essex. 

Thornton  Heath 

In  a  prominent  posiiion,  good  locality,  capital  opening  for  a 

beginner. 

WELL  ESTABLISHED  NURSERY,  acre 
of  Ground,  five  Greenhouses.     Lease  forty-two  years. 
Rent  only  ;(;.2.     No  Ntock. 

Terms  and  particulars  of  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 

Imoortant  Notice  to  Florists,  Nurserymen,  and 

OTHERS. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  or  LET  on  Lease,  a  very 
valuable  enclosure  of  LAND,  containing  about  5  Acres 
well  adapted  for  the  above  purposes,  also  Poultry  Farms, 
Public  Institution,  or  Building  Purposes  ;  it  has  a  frontage  to  a 
High  road,  rich  gravel  sub-soil,  onlya  short  distance  from 
Uampton  and  Fulwell  Stations,  S.  W.  Railway,  and  111  order  to 
effect  an  immediate  sale  wiH  be  sold  a  bargain.  Apply  to 
Mr.  J.  EMBLETt)N,  Sufl'olk  House.  New  Hampton. 

TO  LET,  a  NURSERY,  consisting  of  nine 
well  built  Houses,  and  two  ranges  of  Pits,  all  Heated, 
containing  over  1300  feet  (running)  of  tilass,  good  House  and 
Outbuildings,  and  about  4  Acres  of  Land  it  required.  The 
above  is  situated  near  a  large  town  in  the  Midlands,  and  two 
hours  from  London. 

For  particulars  address  NURSERY.  Gnrdeners'  ChrmicU 
Oftice,  41,  \Vellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

T~  6  LET,  a  Nobleman's  fine  Walled 
KITCHEN  GARDEN,  of  2  to  3  Acres,  wiih  four 
Vineries,  Stove-h.iuse,  &c.,  and  Gardener's  Residence.  Close 
to  Station  and  Cuuiity  Town,  About  an  hour  from  London, 
Brighton,  and  Port-mouth. 

Ad  rcss,  OWNER,  Steel  &  Jones,  Advertising  Agents, 
Spring  Gardens,  S  W. 


WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

Cirdtlt  ArchiUct  and  Natural  Rod  BuihUr, 

SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT. 

Ferneries,  Grcttoes.  and  RockwO'k,  in  common  with  Landscape 

(hardening,  to  suit  any  locality. 


Silv 


Medal  awarded  Pr. 


To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMclNTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake   the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lisiria  P.irk.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


ARCISSUS  POETICUS  BULBS,  i2.f.  per 

bushel  (8  bushels  to  ofl'er).     Splendid  stuff.     Cash. 
G.  PHlPPEN,  Reading. 


Beccles  Burial  Board. 
TO     LANDSCAPE    GARDENERS. 

THE  BURIAL  BOARD  for  the  Parish  of 
Beccles,  in  Suffolk,  invite  PLANS  and  EST  IMATES  of 
the  COST  of  LAYlNG-oUT,  FENCING,  and  PLANTING 
5  a  2  r.  20  p.  of  LAN  D,  adjoini;  g  the  present  Parish  Cemetery, 
and  intended  to  be  added  thereto.  The  Plan  must  be  on  a  scale 
not  less  than  the  largest  scale  of  the  Ordnance  Survey,  anti 
must  be  sent,  loeelher  with  the  Estimate,  10  the  Clerk  of  the 
Board,  at  his  Office  at  Beccles,  not  later  than  December  25  next. 

The  Board  will  pay  for  the  Plan  which  in  their  opinion  is  the 
best,  and  is  propi-r  and  suitable  to  be  adopted,  the  sum  of 
.£10  tor.,  and  for  the  next  best  Plan  the  sum  of  Zs  5^  ,  both 
Plans  being  the  property  of  the  Board. 

The  new  ground  is  to  he  divided,  as  nearly  as  practicable, 
into  two  equal  portions— of  which  one  is  intended  to  be  conse- 
crated according  to  the  rites  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  the 
division  between  the  consecrated  and  unconsecrated  portions  is  to 
run  from  north  to  south.  Further  information  may  be  obtained 
on  application  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Board. 

By  order,  F.  S.  RIX,  Cleik. 

Beccles,  October  29,  1885. 

PONSFORD        AND        SON 
offer  at  very  low  prices  ; — 
LAURELS— in  four  vars. 
EUONVMUS. 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 
FRUIT  TREES— Maidens  to  Bearing  Trees. 
MULBERRIES. 
CONIFERA'.-many  kinds. 

Brixton,  Surrey,  and  Bromley.  Kent, 
Telegraphic  Address  :— "  MULBERRIES.  LONDON." 

FLOWER  ROOTS  for  FORCING.— Large 
selected  imported  clumps  of  LILY  of  ihe  VALLEY, 
SPIR.EA  (Hoteia)  JAPONICA,  DIELYTRA  SPEtn^A- 
BILI5,  &c..  for  delivery  now. 

Priced    C.4TALOGUE    of   Dutch    Flower  Roots    free    on 
application. 
F.  &  A.  DICKSON&  SONS,  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  Chester. 

FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  olifer,  in 
splendid  stuffand  at  low  prices,  the  following:— PLANES, 
1 1  to  12  feet,  straight  stems  and  good  heads;  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  ,  to  4  feet,  bushy  ;  Oval-leaf  PRIVET, 
4  to  5  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  ; 
SWtEr  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  to  4  leet  :  Double  GORSE,  in 
pots,  2  feet,  bushy  ;  BERBEKIS  DARWIN  II,  in  pots,  2  to  3 
feet,  bushy  ;  LILACS.  5  to  6  feet  ;  RIBES.  4  feet. 
Sheen  Nurseries.  Richmond  Suirey. 


DOUBLE  TUBEROSES,  extra  fine,  7s.  per 
dozen  ;  LII.IUM  AURATUM,  splecdid  Roots,  is.  acd 
6i.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  VALLtY,  German  Crowns.  55,  ed  per 
100;  SPIK^.\  JAPONICA.  3f.  per  dozen;  AZALKAS  auU 
CAMELLIAS,  from  i8j.  per  dozea.  Large  quantities  at 
cheaper  rates.     Trade  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  CO..  1  and  r,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G.,  and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Fiuchley  Road.  N.W. 

NEW  A      P      P      L      E~sT 

TYLER'S  KERNEL.-First-class  Certificate  at  the 
Apple  Congrevs,  Chiswick,  1883.  Large,  conical,  greenish- 
yellow,  flashed  with  deep  red,  firm,  acid,  mid-season,  first 
quality  ;  one  of  the  most  handsome  Apples  yet  introduced. 
Dwarf  Maiden  trees,  is.  each  ;  a  few  ayear-old,  7^.  td.  each. 

HEREFORDbHIRE  BEEF1NG.~A  valuable  late  keep- 
ing  Apple,  very  handsome  ;  colour,  deep  red  all  over  ;  flesh, 
white,  very  firm,  crisp  and  juicy  ;  will  keep  good  until  June ; 
excellent  tor  dessert  or  culinary  purposes.  Dwarf  Maiden  trees, 
21.  td.  each ;  dwarf  2-year-cld  trees,  .v.  flrf.  each  ;  a  few 
Standards,  «;(.  each.     Usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  and  SEED  CO-  (Limited), 
King's  Acre,  Hereford. 

C"  HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five  hundred 
varieties,  including  the  best  ot  the  Exhibition.  Decora- 
tive, Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  \s.  6d,  per  dozen,  los.  per  ico ; 
Plants,  2i.  6d  per  dozen,  its.  per  100  ;  ready,  end  of  December. 
Many  of  the  best  growers  in  the  country  are  supptied  from  this 
collection.     For  the  grand  new  sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 


^WNL  ETHERINGTON.  Ma 


-Ho 


.e,  Swanscombe,  Kent. 


N 


Bermuda  Easter  Lily, 

L ILIUM  HAKKISIL— This  Lily,  coming 
direct  from  Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
variety  generally  sent  Irom  America  under  the  above  name,  to 
which  it  is  much  superior,  and  diflferent  in  bulb,  growth,  acd 
flower. 

Mr.  William  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  impor- 
tation direct  from  Bermuda,  and  can  supply  good  bulbs  at  -zs.  6d. 
and  3J.  Sd.  each  ;  gigantic  bulbs,  5J.  and  7s.  6i.  each;  a  few 
monster  bulbs,  i  foot  in  circumterence,  lOi.  6d.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM. -Mr.  William  Bull  is  cow  booking 
orders  for  good,  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6s  ,  gj..  12J  ,  i8j.,  aud 
24J.  per  dozen.     All  other  good  Lilies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  Kind's  Rcai, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

PURPLE  C   A    T   A   L   P   A. 

Now  offered  for  the  first  time. 

Raiser's  Description. —  The  purple-leaved  Catalpa  is 
constant  in  this  :— The  iree  grows  constantly  from  early  Spring 
to  October  frosts.  There  are  four  pairs  of  the  young  leaves 
(terminal)  are  always  an  intensely  metallic  purple.  '1  he  older 
leaves  are  from  black-purple  to  deep  green.  The  oiigioal  Iree 
is  about.  18  ftet  high  ;  every  branch  has  a  terminal  crown  of 
dark  purple  leaves  all  the  time  from  April  to  October.  The 
mature  leaves  are  10  to  iS  inches  diameter  either  way.  Small 
Plants,  I  to  2  feet  high,  los.  6d.  ;  larger,  z  to  3  feet,  £i  js. 

H.  WaTERER,  Importer  and  Exporter  ol  Plants  and  Bulbs, 
56  N.,  aSth  Strtet,  Philadelphia,  U.S  A. 

PoTTn  c  e^  ~~c  l  e  a  r  a  'nc"e 
SALE. 
BOUVARDIA,  Alfred  Neuner.  &c.,  161.  pet  ico.  good,  in  48's. 
EUCHARIS  AMAZuNICA,  flowering  bulbs,  51.  per  dozen; 

smaller  us.  td.  per  dozen, 
FERNS,  mixed  stores,  in  48's,  lOJ.  per  dozen. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM,  stools  o(  best  sorts,  ^r.  per  dozen. 
CARNATIONS,  Gloire  de  Nancy,  in  6o's,  25J.  per  100. 

,,     layers  well  rooted,  from  beds,  i6,r.  per  100. 
PELARGONIUM  stools,  best  blooming  sorts.  31.  per  dozen. 
MARGUERITES,  large  bushes  in  pots,  4s.  6d.  per  dozen. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  and   hardy  Ghent,  los.    per  bed  of  sixty 
to  100. 
The  above  being  In  excess  of  those  lotted  for  Auction  Sale, 
are  offered  as  above  to  effect  a  quick  clearance.     Packed  free. 
POUNCE'S  Nursery,  Hendon,  N.W. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


6ii 


TWICKENHAM           HORTICULTURAL 
and  COTTAGE  GARDEN  SOCIETY. 
The     AUTUMN     EXHIBITION    o(    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUMS. &c.,  W)ll  be  heJd  m  the  Town  Hall.  Twickenham,  on 
TUESDAY    and    WEDNESDAY,     November     ^^     and     i8. 
Schedules  and  all  particulars  of  ^^  ^  ALLFREY,  Hon.  Sec. 
Cedar  Villa,  St.  Margaret's,  Twickenham. 

BURTON-ON-TRENT  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM SHOW,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
November  iS  and  19.  Schedules  of  Prices  and  every  informa- 
"°°  '"""  R.  B.  BARRATT,  Secretary. 

Abbey  Cottage,  Horninglow  Street. 

BRISTOL      CHRYSANTHEMUM     and 
FRUIT  SHOW  will  be  held  NOVEMBER  18  and  19. 
Entries  Close  November  .,.  ^   POLKINHORN.  Sec. 

Disnopston.  Bristol.  ' 

COLCHESTER    and    EAST     ESSEX 
HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 
The     CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW     will    be    held    on 
THURSDAY  and    FRIDAY,   November   19  and   20,  in  the 
New  Corn  Exchange,  Colchester.     Particulars  cf 
S,  Head  Street,  Colchester.  J.  C.  QUILTER,  Sec. 

LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  SIXTH  GRAND  EXHIBITION o(  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUMS,  FRUIT,  &c..  will  be  held  in  St.  George's  Hall, 
Liverpool,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November  24 
and  55.  TWO  HUNDRED  POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  A  TEN 
GUINEA  SILVER  VASE,  given  by  J.  Williams  &  Co.. 
Manuie  Manufacturers.  6?,  Mount  Pleasant,  Liverpool,  for 
Thiriy-six  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums.  Entries  Close  Tuesday, 
November  17.     For  Schedules  apply  to 

Huyton,  Liverpool.  EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secretary. 

PRIMULA  S— P  R  I  M  U  L  A  S. 
Now  IS  THB  Best  Time  to  Plant. 


PRIMULA  cashr 

„     deniiculata         

„     flwibuoda  

,,     involucrata  (Munroii).. 

,,    pulcherrima 

„    Sieboldii,  35  varieties.. 

''„     Wulfeniana        '.'.  '.'.  '.'.  '.'. 

,,    acaulis,  Double  Blush  (Primrose)    .. 
,,     ,,     ,,     Crimsoo-purple,  ditto 
„     „     „     Early  Yellow,  ditto    .. 

,     Lilac,  ditto        

„     „     „     White,  ditto 

,,     ,,     Single,  ditto,  ditto        '    .. 
,,    elatior  plena.  Old  Double  Tortoise- 
shell  Polyanthus 
,,     „     coccinea  duplex,  ditto 

,,     „     alba  duplex,  duto 

,,     ,,    lutea  duplex,  ditto 

,,     ,,     Newry  Giant  strain,  finest  mixed, 

ditto         

.,     „     ..    ..    Whites,  ditto,  ditto 
,,     ,,     „     ,,     Yellows,  ditto,  ditto 
„     ,,     „     „     A.  Bal[e(new),  ditto       .. 
,.     ,.     ,1     ,,     Bedding  Keautylnew).do. 
„     „     ,,     „     Golconda  (new),  ditto     .. 

,,     Kmg  Bill  (lie*),  ditto    .. 

,,     ,,     „     „     The  Queen  (new),  ditto.. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

GROWN  BY 

WM.     R  I  S  L  E  Y,    Maritzburg,     Natal 

(the  Original  Giower). 

There  are  a  few  Cases  of  these  magnificent  Bulbs  still  unsold, 
quite  equal  in  every  respect  to  any  yet  delivered.  Some  of  them 
weigh  }^  lb.,  and  measure  7%  inches  in  diameter. 

Intending  buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early  application  to 
the  undersigned.     Quotations  very  low.    Terms  nett  cash. 


WM.  G.  mac  GREGOR,  17,  Fenchurch  Street,  EC. 


LANCASHIRE    LAD    GOOSEBERRIES. 
Bushes  three  yenis  c.ld  for  Sale  —Apply  to 
W.  MANN  MAGDEN,  Isleworth,  Middlesex. 

SEAKALE   for  Forcing.     None  better  in  the 
Trade.      Price   on   application.       Samples    forwarded    if 
required. 

ALFRED    ATWOOD,   Market   Gardener,   51,   ShiUington 
Street.  Battersea,  S.E. 

ANETTI      STOCKS,     hard      and     well- 
rooted,  fine  for  Grafting,  2or.  per  1000.     Package  free 
for  cash  »iihn,der. 
KIRK  ALLEN,  The  Nursery.  Fen  Drayton.  St.  Ive's.  Hunts. 

BOX  EDGING.— Large   quantity  for   Sale. 
Samples  and  price  on  appltcatioo. 
WILLIAM    M.    BEALE,   Nurseryman,    &c.,   Post  Office 
Buildings.  Neath. 

Fruit  Trees,  Grape  Vines,  Roses. 

HUGH    LOW  &   CO. 

Dwarf  Maiden  APPLES.  CHERRIES,  PEARS.  PLUMS, 
SI.  per  dozen;  Dw.irf-trained  APPLES,  CHERRIES, 
PEARS,  PLUMS,  vs.  to  4js.  per  dozen;  Dwarf  Maiden 
APRICOTS,  NECTARINE.-^,  PEACHES.  12s.  per  dozen; 
Dwarl-trained  APRICOIS,  NECTARINES.  PEACHES, 
3s  6d.  to  5s.  each;  Standard  Maiden  NECTARINES  and 
PEACHES,  31.  6rf.  each;  Standard CHERRIES.alj.  perdozen; 
CHERRIES,  3-years,  with  side  shoots,  izr.  perdozen  ;  DAM- 
SON FARLEIGH  PROLIFIC,  Dwarf  Maiden,  i2r.  per 
dozen:  2-years.  with  side  shoots,  i8j.  per  dozen;  PEAKS, 
Pyramid  on  Quince,  121..  181  per  dozen  ;  PEARS.  2  years, 
and  Pear  Stocks,  with  s  de  shoots.  12s.  per  dozen  ;  PLU.MS, 
2-years,  with  side  shoots,  I2r.  per  dozen  ;  KOSES.  afine  collec- 
tion. Dwarfs  on  Manetti,  9s.  per  dozen.  5.1.  per  100  ;  ROStS. 
half-Standards  and  Standards,  i2r.,  iSs.  Der  dozen  ;  ROSE 
GLOIRE  DE  Di  JON,  open  ground,  gs..  12s.  per  dozen  :  very 
strong,  in  pots,  tr.  6d.  is  td.,  31.  dd.,  51.  each  ;  ROSE 
MARECHaL  NIEL,  in  pets,  iz  feet,  51.  each;  ROSE 
NIPHETOS,  strong,  in  pots,  21,  31.  6/.,  5J.  each;  VINES, 
BLACK  ALICANTE,  BLACK  HAMBURGH.  GROS 
COLMAR,  and  other  line  sons.  Planting  Canes,  35  bd.  to  5J. 
eaeh  ;  Forcing  Canes,  75.  6rf.  to  loi.  td. 

Clapton  Nursery.  London,  E. 

CHOICE       RHODODENDRONS 

AND    .fiZALEAS. 


ISAAC    DAVIES   k    SON 

have  to  ofifer  the  following  Plants  of  their  own 
raising  :^ 

RHODODENDRON  DA VI E S U,  orange-scarlet  flowere, hand- 
some Camellia-hke  foliage,  b'lshy  habit.  Firsl-class 
Certificates,  London  and  Manchester. 

.,  Sweet-scented*  viz..  Countess  of  Derby,  Countess  of 
Sefton,  Lady  Skelmersdale.  Duchess  of  Sutherland. 
Large  while  flowers,  deiiciously  scented,  one  plant 
scenting  a  wh'ile  greenhouse. 

„  FLORIBUNDUM,  white  fljwer?,  dwarf  bushy  habit, 
wonderfully  fiee-blooming.  First-class  Certificate  at 
Manchester. 

,,  Pixy  Quten.  white  flowers,  very  free-blooming,  leaves  and 
fiiwers  the  size  of  an  Indian  Azalea,  early  flowering, 
and  almost  hardy. 

„    Rosy  Bell,  rosy-pink  flowers,  free-blooming,  bushy  habit, 

,,     PR.^COX,   in  three  varieties,  very  early,  free-blooming, 
extremely  hardy  Evergreen  Shrub  ol  dwarf  habit. 
AZALEA    DAVIESII,    excellent    for    forcing,    sweet-scented 
white  flowers  in  trusses.     First-class   Certificate   at 
Liverpool. 
„     AVALANCH,  similar  to  A.  Daviesii,  but  flowers   rather 
less  in  size,  pure  white,  sweet-scented.     Certificated 
at  Manchester,  1885. 
Descriptive  PRICED  LlhX  of  the  above,  and  also  of  General 
Nursery  Stock  (which  is  in  fine  condition  this  season,  and  offered 
at  very  moderate  prices),  lorwardedon  application. 


ORMSKIRK,     LANCASHIRE. 


The  Oratncl  New  Narcissus. 

"sir        w  a  T  K  1   N  ." 

25.  each,  2TI.  per  dozen,  i6o5.  per  100. 

The  largest  and  finest  known.    First-class  Certificate  Royal 

Horticultural  Society. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  post-free.     Plant  at  once. 

JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries.  Chester 


\  SONS,  THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT,  N., 

Solicit   Orders  for  the  Present  P/antiiig  Season  for 


Nurseries: — 
CHKSHUNT. 

HIGH  BEECH. 
I'ROXBOURNE. 


CATALOGUES 
FREE. 


ROSES, 

FRUIT    TREES, 
EVERGREENS  and  CHOICE  CONIFER/E, 
HOLLIES,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN, 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS, 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 


ALL    SPECIALTIES    OF    THESE    CELEBRATED    NURSERIES. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


THE     COMMITTEE 

beg  to   GIVE  NOTICE   that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STREET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it  is  respectfully  requested  that  on  and 
after  the  \i,th  inst.  all  communications  may 
be  addressed  there.— By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  3,   1885. 

Special  Offer  of 

TWO  HUNDRED  THOUSAND  DWARF 
RUSES,  on  Manetii.  the  best  plants  mnney  can  buy,  351. 
per  too.  50  for  13J,,  12  for  4s.  ASPARAGUS,  2-yr..  2..  per 
100:  3-yr  ,  IS  per  100;  4-yr.,  4J.  per  100.  MANETTI 
STOCKS,  fine,  4s.  per  100,  251.  pet  1000.  Cash  with  orders. 
Packing  free. 

R.   LUCRE,  Rosebank.  Fairseat,  Wrotham.  Kent. 


LAXTON'S    NEW    FRUITS   and   VEGE- 
TABLES.-Eight  tirst-class  t  eitificates  m  i88j.     btod 
for  particulars  of  New  Pea^.  Beans,  Potatos,  Tomatos,  Apples, 
Strawberries,  and  other  good  Novelties  to 
THOMAS  LAXTUN,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 

H    R   I    S   T    A)    A    b         1.    O    S    E    S. 

CHRISTMAS    ROSE<;. 

HELLEBORUS    NlGtR    ANGUsTIFOLIUS,   "  Brock- 

hurat  "  variety,  pure  white,  very  free,  good  groAer,  grand  for 

Forcing    and  the    best   of  all    the  Christmas    Roses       Str.)ng 

clumps,   ij.  6:  ,  2J.,  and  is.  6.1.  each;    iSj.    24J.,  and  30s.  per 


Vines— Vines— Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splenJid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES  ;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  ihe 
country,  either  (or  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Piantmg  Canes,  5^.  and 
7J   61/.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  los.  6d  each. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 
Telegraphic  Address  —  "  COWAN.    LIVERPOOL" 

SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF    WKLL-GaOWN    STOCK. 

6,000    FRUIT     TREES,     mostly    Pyramids    and 

Standards,      consibling     of     best    sorts, 

APPLHS.      PE.^RS,      PLUMS,      and 

CHERRIES. 

1  500    GOOSEBERRIES,      mostly     Warrington  ; 

also  some  Red  and  Black  CURR.'VNTS. 

60,000   ASPARAGUS  and  SEAKALE  ;   the  forcing 

Seakale  is  fine. 
10,000    LAURELS,      including     rotundiflora     and 

caucasicum. 
20,000    IVIES,  mostly  small  leaved. 
5  000    TREE  BOX. 

5,000    POPLARS,  LIMES,  THORNS,    CHEST- 
NUTS. 


And  Jor  Special  Quotations,  dr'c.,  apply  to 

HARRISON    k    SONS, 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  GROWERS, 
IiEIGBSTER. 

ROSES. 

20  Acrea  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

BUSHES,    H.P.,  81.   per  dozen,  (>o.<.\  p^,,;,,^  ^„,t  c^„-i.,ge 

per  100.  (.  FREE 

STANDARDS,^.?.,  ,5..  per  dozen,  J    ,^^  ^ash  wi,h  Order. 

CLEMATIS  (80.0C0),  121  to  241,  per  dozen. 
RO^ES,  in  Pots  (80,000).  15s.  10361.  perdozen. 
FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 
VIN  ES  (60C0),  31  (>d.  to  ros.  M. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 
STRAWBERRIES.  4s.  per  too  ;  Forcing.  15J.  to  lyS.  per  too. 
ASPARAGUS.  21.  6d.  per  100  :  Forcing,  121.  6rf.  per  100. 
SEAKALE,  strong  Forcing,  i6j.  per  100. 

EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS,    ORNAMENTAL  TREES 
(01  Acrees). 


BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO.,. 

WORCESTER. 


6l2 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  1885. 


OPTrriAI      CHEAP     OFFER.  —  PINES, 

V.<Vorf«t  2;o"3fe«,  7  10  8  feet,  8  to  ■<,  feet ;  CHEST- 
NUT .to  2  feet:  HORNBEAM,  i  to  3  f«t-  3  to  4  eet, 
,  to  8 'feet  8  to  0  feet  1  MAPLE.  4  to  10  feet  ;  OAK.  English, 
from  ,  to  ;»  feet  ■  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  M  8  feet,  8  to  to 
feet  10  to  1 2  (est;  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  feet,  10  to  12 
ftet':    PRIVET.  'Evergreen,,,   to  3/-'.  3  "_4  feet,  good  ; 

PRIVET.  Oval-leaf.  2  to  3  '"'v,  3  '^A^=|'i  ,  ta'A^e"  4  to 
THHRN  ,  t;  and  6-vr..  fine  ;  SYCAMOKe-S,  3  to  4  leci.  4  to 
Vf?^  1'  to  8  feet  S  to  g  feet  ;  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet  : 
f-FRBERIS    AOU'lFOLIA,     BOX,     CUPRESSUS,    van- 

UMS.  LAURfeLS,  assorted  ;  RHODODENDRONS,^ sever^al 

RET'rNo'sPORAS°  VEWsT  Common  and  Irish.     For  Price 

^'iSA'ic'MATTHEWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Mellon, 
Stokeon-Trent. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  2Bs. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.    New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  free. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester.  

To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  FlorlstB. 

DUTCH  BULBS— Season  1885. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  the  same  quality,  and  get  them  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importbk  of  Dutch 
Bulbs  at  3,  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ( 
EsUbli'shed  since  1856.  Wholesale  Catalogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec,  in  each  year. 

ONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 

BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  L.ate 
White  Broccoli  ever  ofTered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June,     bee  lol- 

''F'r°om'"lh""w«<.-rs'  Chronkk  ami  Agricultural  GazMr, 
London  :-"  Monster  Broccoli.-A  few  days  since,   Mr.   C. 
-        -        -       -         ice,  who  has  bten  a  Broccdi 
iLtury.  and 


Kessell.  of  The  Coombe.  Pe 
grower  for  upwards  of  half 


....)  the  London  ant 
icoli,  which  togethe: 
wn  as  Pontey's  tati 
melting-house  had  1< 
reight  of  the  plants.' 
ial  quotations  to  thi 


idjto 
iel. 
4  feet. 


Early  Broccoli  of  Corn 
Northern  Ma.kets,  cut  two  monster  Bi 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  k 
White  Wilcove.  The  hugescalrss  at  ih^ 
be  tailed  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the 
Retail  price,  2J.  td.  per  ounce.  Sp- 
Trade.     Apply  to  „  ..  .-  n,  u 

E.  Wll.S'iN  SERPELI  ,  gi^ivvwall2tj^t^Plvniouth. 

Royal  Nurseries.  Ascot. 

MESSRS.  JOHN  STANDISH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  to  their  Friends  and  the  Public,  that 
they  have  an  unusual  quantity  of  well  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  consisting  of  a  choice  collection  of  CONIFER^, 
RHODODENDRONS,  Standard  and  Bush  ROSES,  liver- 
green  and  Deciduous  SHRUBS  ol  every  description,  fRUIT 
TREES  of  all  kinds.  IVIES,  CLEMATIS,  and  all  other 
varieties  of  CLIMBING  PLANTS  Also  fine  stocks  of 
GARDENIAS,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS,  Winter  Flowering 
HEATHS,  BOUVARDIAS,  Maidenhair  KERNS,  PALMS, 
and  every  beautiful  Plant  that  can  be  named,  which  they  are 
prepared  to  offer  upon  most  favourable  terms  (or  Cash.  Special 
quotations  on  application. 

PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seafoithia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Pho:oix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  dozen,  251.  per  loj; 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  125.  per  dozen,  less  quantity. 
If.  3rf.  each.  ,     „., , 

FERNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  Lomaria  Gibba, 
Adiantum     cuneatum    (Maidenhair),    Pteris    trenjula,    Pteris 
serrulata,  Pteris  serrulata  cristata,  Pteris  cretica  albo  lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea.  out  of  small  pots,  2os.  per  100,  31.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true).  6i.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

Planting  Season 

JOHN     PERKINS     and     SON    ofter    the 
following  in  large  quantity,  at  very  low  prices.     All  goods 
well-transplanted  stuflf:  — 
ASH.  Common,  2  to  3.  and  3  to  4  feet. 
PINE.  Austrian,  iM  to  2,  and  2  to  2^  feet. 
BIRCH,  ij^  to  2.  and  2  to  3feet. 
LARCH   FIRS,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
OAKS.  English,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
SPRUCE  FIRS.  1%  to  2,  and  2  to  3  feet. 
SYCAMORE.  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 
HAZEL.  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet. 

PRUNUS  MYROBOLANA,  i^  to  2,  and  2  to  3  feet. 
BLACKTHORN,  i  to  2  feet. 
HOLLY.  Green,  iV^  to  2,  and  2  to  3  feet. 
HORNBEAM,  2  to  3,  and  3  to  4  feet 
LAURELS,  Common,  ij^  to  2,  2  to  3 
PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  10  3,  and  3  to 
YEW,  English,  i^  to  2,  2  to  3,  and  3 
THORN  QUICK,  fine  transplanted. 

Special  offers  on  application. 
Billing  Road  Nurseries,  Northampton. 

WILSON    SERPELL,    Nurseryman, 

•     &c.,  Plymouth,  begs  to  offer  the  following  Shrubs,  &c  , 
all  well-rooted  stuff  ;  early  orders  solicited  : — 
CRYPTOMERIA  ELEGANS,  handsome  stuff,  3  to  4  feet, 

PICEA  NOBILl's,  12  to  24  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 
planted, 125.  to  24i.  per  dozen. 

YEWS,  Irish,  well  furnished,  3  to  4  feet,  iSj.  per  dozen. 

PINUS  INSIGNIS.  2  to  3  feet,  i8j.  per  dozen. 

MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaved,  in  pots,  well  established, 
9J.  per  dozen.  ^^ 

Autumn  PlEtntlng. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  superior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 
application. 

The  AUTUMN  CATALOGUES  are  m  preparation,  and 
will  be  posted  to  Customers  as  usual. 


FRUIT,  FRUIT,  FRUIT, 

SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE. 
A  PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

j\.  —All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  gr.  and  its.  per 
dozen  ;  Standards,  125.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained, 
151.  and  18s.  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS.— Black,  Red,  White,  121.  par  100,  21.  and 
2j.  bd-  per  dozen. 

RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,  rsi.  per  100;  Northumber- 
land FiUbasket,  bs.  per  too. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  rsi.  and  20J.  per  100,  2s.  M.  and  jt. 

STRAWBERRI ES.— All  the  most  reliahle  croppers.  Strong 
runners,  25.  6(/.  per  100 :  in  2>^-inch  pots,  roj.  per  100 : 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  forcing.  25s.  per  too  ;  Laxton  s 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  The  Captain,  2j.  per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

See  ouy  New  Catalogue. 
The  finest  H.P-  varieties,  (>s.  per  dozen,  40^.  per  100. 
Tea  scented  and  Noisettes,  15s.  per  dozen  ;  loos.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses,  6i.  per  dozen.                        „        .          j 
Clinbing  varieties,  for  Rockeries,  Arbours,  &c.,  65,  p  ti'->i. 
The   above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 
flower  much  better  than    Roses  grown   in  a   good  climaie 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS. 
EHODODENDKONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 

OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS. Smele  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
colours  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  gd.  per  dozen.  4s.  and  5s.  per  loo-  PAN- 
SIRS  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARAl'.lb, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMPACTA.  AUIIRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  u.  6d.  per  dozen,  Sj.  per  100  : 
or,  sooasssorted  Spring.Howering  Plants  for  17s   6./., 

HEPATICAS,   Bkie  and  Red ;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur.  31.  &J.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham 


E 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

■pOTENTILLAS,      PYRETHRUMS, 

JL  DELPHINIUMS.  — Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 
or  garden  bloom,  named,  55.  per  dozen. 

SPLENDID  PHLOXES,  PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 
PANSIES,  in  the  finest  vaiielies.  31.  (>d.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.— The  most  shDwy 
sorts,  3^   per  dozen,  zrj.  per  100. 

CARNATIONS  and  PICO TEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts 
6j  per  dozen  plants  ;  fine  Clove  and  Border  Self 
varieties,  41.  per  dozen— all  from  layers. 

LILIES.— Candidum,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  3J.  per  doz. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrinch.im. 


c 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,  is.  td.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 
our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARNATIONS,    DEUT2IA 
GRACILIS— In  pots  (or  early   blooming,  6s.,  91., 

SPIR.-EA  JAPONICA,  DIELYTRA  SPECTABILIS.- 

Fiue  clumps,  5s.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,   mollis,  pontica,  or   indica,   all  with 

buds,  for  forcing,  i8j.,  24s.,  and  301.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS,  PLANTS, 
or  TRF  ES  vou  want  for  Itf  or  Outdoor  Gardening  :  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS.  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS,  &c.     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  rad. 

WM.  CLIBRAN^  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


ARLY      PEAS      FOR     SEED. 

PRIZETAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST, 

KENTISH  INVICTA. 

All  harvested  without  rain. 

Price  los.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upvards.     Apply, 

C.  RAN  DELL,  Chadbury,  near  Evesham. 


The  LargestRoseGroundsin  England 

New  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 

CATALOGUE  of  ROSES 

Is  now  publlshea,  ana  wiU  be  forwarded  on 
application. 

ROSES,   Hybrid  Perpetual,  extra  fine,  Dwart, 
ys.  6d.,  gs.,  and  12S.  per  dozen. 
„     Tea-scented,  extra  fine,  I2s.  to  iSs.  per  doz. 
„     Standard,  extra  fine,  i2s.,  iSs.,  and  24J. 
per  dozen. 

CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  and  SEED  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

KING'S    ACRE,  HEREFORD. 
Telegrams:    CRANSTONS,    HEREFORD. 


Special  Offer  —Expiration  of  Lease. 

ROSES,  Best  Dwarf  H.P.,  351.  per  100  ;  fifty 
for  2ot.  .     ,    , 

TEA  ROSES,  in  5-inch  pots,  all  the  leading  varietifs.  ircUid. 
ing  Niphetos,  Mare'chal  Niel,  and  Grace  Darlin;,  (js. 
per  dozen. 
NEW  ROSES  of  1885,  in  48-pots,  rzs.  per  dozen. 
STANDARD  ROSES,  including  Gloire  de  Dijon  and  MariSchal 
Niel,  I2S.  per  dozen. 

APPLE  TREES,  Standards,  iSs.  per  doz. ;  Pyramids,  rzs.  doz. 

.,     ,,     Bush,  6s.  per  dozen;  Dwarf-trained,  2rs.  per  dozen. 
PEARS,  Sundards,  iSs.  per  dozen  ;  Pyramids,  5  to  6  feet,  21s. 
per  dozen. 

,,    Dwarf-trained,  24s.  per  dozen. 
PLUMS,  Standards,  iSs.  per  dozen  ;  Trained,  241.  per  dozen 
GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  soits,  2S.  6d. 

per  dozen,  i8s.  per  too. 
CURRANTS,  Red  and  Black,  2s.  per  dozen,  J5S.  per  100, 
CONIFERS,  for  Lawn  Planting,  all  good  varieties,  rzs.  p.  doz. 
SHRUBS,  Flowering.  4s.  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree,  8s.  per  dozen. 
BAY,  Sweet,  9s.  to  i8s.  per  dozen,  2  to  3  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  3  to  ro  feet,  St.  to  24s.  per  dozen. 
IVIES,  in  sorts.  Plain  and  Variegated,  in  pots,  9s.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS,    Portugal,  Standards,   2  feet  stems,  good  heads, 

2s.  6d.  each. 
PYRUS  MALILEI,  fruit  makes  a  delicious  preserve,  in  pots, 

PRIVET,  for  Hedge  Planting,  tss.  to  25J.  per  1000. 
ASH,  Weeping,  stems  8  to  to  feet,  3s.  6  (.  each.  "i   j 

LABURNUMS,  good  heads,  is.  each.  «; 

ELMS,  for  Avenue  Planting.  9  to  12  feet.  ts.  6d.  each.  - 
PLANES,  best  for  Town  Planting,  8  to  10  ft.,  is.  6  <.  each.  V  u 
POPLARS,  Black  ItaUan,  8  to  12  ft..  61.  to  12s.  per  doz  -o 
SYCAMORE,  S  to  to  feet,  6s.  per  dozen.  n 

THORNS,  Standard,  flowering,  f;s.  per  dozen.  J  ui 

Tlu  best  Evergmmfor  Sta-iide  Planting. 
PINE,  Austrian,  12  to  r8  inchc',  6j.  per  ico  :  18  to  24  inches, 
12s.  bd.  per  TOO  ;  24  to  30  inches,  20s.  per  roo  ;  3a  to 
36  inches,  351.  per  100  ;  3  to  4  feet,  50s.  per  too. 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA,  in  pots,  4  to  s  It.,  18s.  per  doz. 
ESCALLONIA  MACRANTHA.  in  pots,  6s.  per  dozen. 
EUONYMUS,  best  green.  r2  to  18  inches,  4s.  per  dozen  ;  18  to 

24  inches,  5s.  per  dozen. 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  best  for  covering  walls  61.  10  91. 

Cash  to  {iccompany  order. 
CATALOGUES  post.lree  on  application. 

CARAWAY  &  CO.,  Durdham  Down,  Clifton,  Briatol. 
7^  REAT  UALE  of  AJURSERY  gTOCK, 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON      HILL     NURSERY, 

During  the  month  of 

A'  0    V  E  M  B  E   R, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES  AND  FRUIT  TREES, 

At  Greatly  Reduced  Prices. 

The  Trade  and   Private  Buyers  will  find  this  an  excellent 

opportunity  for  Stocking. 

T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,    KINGSTON-ON-THAMES. 

MONMOUTHSHIRE     ROSES 

Are  noted  for  being  strong,  well-rooted  and  vigorous. 

Dwarf  H.P.  8s   per  dozen.  57s.  bd.  per  100. 

Standards  H.P.  15s.  per  dozen,  100s.  per  too. 

SEAKALE,  extra  strong,  for  forcing,  14s.  per  too. 

CONIFER-*    FOREST,  and  FRUIT  TREES  of'all  kinds. 
PILLINGER  &  CO., 

Seko  Merchants  and  Nurserymen,  Chepstow. 

Established  1779. 

ORNAMENTAL   PLANTS. 

,00  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  in  50  distinct  varieties,  includ- 
ing the  new  golden  Sycamoie,  purple  Maple,  purple 
Plum,  purple  Birch,  several  varigaled  Acers,  Elms, 
&c.,  4  to  6  feet  high,  for  SOS. 

100  ORNAMENTAL  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  in  50  distinct 
varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  rss. 

100  ORNAMENTAL  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  in  50  dis- 
tinct varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  40s. 

100  CONIFERS,  in  roo  distinct  varieties,  from  I  to  3  feet 
high,  for  bos. 

100  DWARF  ROSES,  in  100  finest  varieties,  for  30s. 

100  RHODODENDRONS,  in  too  finest  varieties,  i  to  2  feet 
high,  for  lOos.  .     , 

100  PRIMROSES,  in  30  distinct  hardy  varieties,  for  301. 
All  safely  packed  in  mats  or  hampers,  package  free, 
for  cash  with  order. 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Noraerlea,  Aberdeen. 
Telegraphic  Address-'' FORBESFl ELD,    ABERDEEN. 

SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  ofTered  for  Sale. 

TI„  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  c/FR  UITS 

post-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS      RIVERS     &.     SON 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


613 


1  gicli.ihlciiUu.iiij.  Address  in  full— 

\  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN,  \ 


pUTBUSH'S       MILL- 

Vy  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
< Inscription.  Pnte  6i.  per  bushel 
'.IS.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
^'d.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  15, 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
;ices  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sicnature  attached. 

\yM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgat    "  '       " 


FOREST  TREES 

•One  of  the  largest  stocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 

unsurpassed  ;   prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;    roots  abundant. 

Catalo-^iici   and  all  iitjormatioi:   oti   application, 

LITTLE  &JAL^^ 

Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

CARLISLE. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

JARMAN'S  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  looo  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-of-door  combined. 
Price  2 1  J.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  ds.  dd.  to  £a,  i,s. 


ROSES, 

7^.  iid.  per  dozen,  ^^s.  per  loo.      Packing  and 
carriage  free.     A  big  stock  and  fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  &'e.,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 

CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure. 

MANUFACTURED    SOLELY  AT   CLOlEf/FOR DS, 


For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 

WILLIAM     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,   by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all   Nurseryraen  and   Seedsmen. 


JERSEY    PEARS- FINEST    AND    BEST 

AT    THE    CHISWICK    CONFERENCE. 
"Wonderlully  fine  collection.  "—Grt/v/cw.  [/V/t-. 

"  Exceed  any  shown  by  English  growers."— Ci7»-A«i'>-s'  Chron- 
."  t?'*.'  '°  ^"'''  '"P^'b  in  finish."— Carrf«/.r>-i'  Magazim. 

'  The  lions  of  the  show." —Gan/en. 

"  The  finest  coloured  and  largest."— G/irAucri'  Chronicle. 
"  Wonderfully  grand  display."— Z>,iiV)/  Chronicle. 
"Everybody  enquires  for  the  Jersey  Pears  "—GarJen 

Jersey  cirries  the  Palm    -Gtrdenmg  World 
Not  a  bad  dish  among  them    —Gardtn 


^    jILULlSTRATCDCATAUOCLlES  ^ 

-JOSHUAiEC0RNU<5v^0N, 


PCADC APPLES.  PLUM.S,  &c.,  i£j.  per  dozen. 

rCnnO        Jspjn^  ut;,^^A.  =45.  per  dozen 

Rn^F<\ Magnificent  Bushes,  nj.  per  dozen. 

nUOLO        Standards,  strong,  tsj.  per  dozen. 
Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 


TURNIPS 

CABBAGE. 


HOWCROFT    &    W  ATKINS, 

Wholesale  Seedsmen, 
HART  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W  C. 

POTATO, 

For  Present  Planting,  in  Frames  and  Pots. 


of  Potatos  for  frame  cultivation, 
New  Potatos  fit  for  uac  having  bee?i  produced  by  it 
in  six  weeks  Jrom  date  of  planting. 


CHARLES    SHARPE    &    CO., 

SEED         MERCHANTS, 
SLEAFORD. 


lUIT  TREES 

An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     .Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  fiost-free. 

J  THEAL^QONS 

Wavl    Crawlejy,        W  Sussex. 


Autumn   and   Winter-flowering   Plants. 


£2^ 


•^"^ 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Begs  to  announce  that  in  consequence  of  the  hot  summer 
his  stock  of  the  above  is  remarkably  fine  this  year,  and  well 
set  for  flower.  Early  Orders  ate  solicited  for  the  following, 
which  are  now  ready  for  delivery  :-- 

AZ.\LEA  INDICA.  in  variety. 

,,     MOLLIS,  seedlings  and  named  sorts. 

EOUVARDIAS,  leading  kinds. 

CAMELLIAS,  leading  kinds.         [GIGANTEUM. 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  and  C.  PERSICUM 

DEUTZIA  CKENATA  FLORE-PLENO. 
,.    GRACILIS. 

EPACRIS.  leading  kinds. 

ERICAS,  leading  kinds. 

GUELDRKS  ROSES. 

HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      GRANDI. 

KALMIAS.  FFLOKA. 

LILACS,  Chas.  X..  and  other  leading  sorts. 

PRIMULAS  SINENSIS  ALBA-PLENA. 
..     double    leading  kinds. 

RHODODENDRflNS,  of  sorts. 

SOLANUMS.  Williams' hybrid. 

STAPHYLEA  COLCHICA. 

GRAPE         VINES. 

Orders  are  now  being  executed  for  Vines.  The  canes  both  for 

fruiting  and  planting  are  this  year  remarkably  fine. 

For  complete  List  and  Prices,  see 

ILLUSTRATED  BULB  CATALOGUE, 

which  can  be  had  Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,   LONDON,  N. 


ALL     AGREE 

THE     "RED     ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powerful 

heating  Boiler  yet  introduced. 

Awards:— 

International  Exhibition,  London-Silver  Medal. 
Northumberland  Agricultural- Silver  Medal. 
Newcastle-upoa-Tvne  Horticultural- Very  Highly  Commended. 
Royal  Caledonian,  Edinburgh— Unanimously  Commended. 

The  follcnving   Gentlemen,    Nurserymen,   and    Hot  water 
Engineers  Imve  alrady  kindly  honoured  with  their  appreciation 
and  confidence  by  ordering  the  *'  Red  Rose,"  several  of  luhont 
have  also  fot  warded  most  valuable  testimonials  : — 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esq  ,  Kimmel  Park.  Abergele,  N,W. 
R.  C.  CLEPHAN,  Esq.,    Birlley  White   House,   Chester-le- 

Slreet, 
J.  JONAH  SMITH,  Esq.,  Ash  Lodge,  Watford   Hens. 
Rev.  R.  D.  SHAFTOE.  The  Vicarage.  Branspelh. 
EDWD.  WILLIAMS,  E^q,  Cleveland  Lodge,Middlesborough. 
The  TRUSTEES,  Wesleyan  Chape',  Chester-le-Street. 

On  account  of  the  great  success  achieved  at  the  Wesleyan 
Chapel  the  Primitive  Methodists  have  also  decided  to  order  the 
"  Red  Rose  "  for  their  new  chapel. 

Nurserymen : — ■ 
Messf.  T.  HARKNESS  and  SON,  Leeming,  Yorkshire. 

,,      lOHN  E.  KNIGHT.  Wolverhampton. 

,,     JOHN  TURTLE.  Welling,  Kent. 

„     E.  HILLIERS,  Winchester. 

,,     HUGH  MUNRO  and  f  ON.  Lameslev,  Co.  Duihani. 

,,     A.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Newtorards,  Ireland. 

,.     F,  n.  POUSTIE,  Bridge  of  Allan.  N.B. 

,,    G.  FAIRBAIRN.  Botcherbv.  Carlisle. 

,,    WILLIAM  HANDYSIDES,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

,,    E.  W.  CANTELLO,  Fandown,  Isle  of  Wight. 

..    J.  B,  WALKER,  Tavistock. 

For  particulars  apply 

JOSEPH    WITHEKSPOON, 

RED    ROSE    VINERIES.    CHES  lER-LE-STREET. 
P.S.  — French  and  German  P.uents  for  Sale. 


Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  2s.  6cl.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 

Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  most  interesting  and  instructive  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Part  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS,  and  inclndes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  iully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  4*^.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots.  165.  per  ico  : 
ditto  in  large  pot?,  255.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free, 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nuiserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


6i4 


THE       GARDENERS'        CHRONICLE.  [November  .4.  .885. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 

FOR  PLANTING   IN   LARGE  MASSES  IN 

SHRUBBERiES,  BEDS  AND  BORDERS. 

Per        Per    Per 
i.r™.        TO-     doz. 

HYACINTHS,  Red,  White  and  Blue      160/-  18/.  3/- 

TULIPS,  Double  or  Single,  Mixed           40/-  4/6  8d. 

NAHCISSUS.mixed  border  varieties  25/-  3/-  6cl. 
GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 

vivid  scarlet,  extra  large  . .  . .  60/-  7/6  1/3 
GLADIOLUS    BEENCHLEYENSIS, 

Good  Bulbs 46/-  5/6  1/- 

Per  lOO. 

Iris,  mixed  Spanish  2/6 

Anemones,  double  , .  4/- 

Aneniones,  single    . .  3/6 

Star  of  Bethlehem  . .  3/6 

Ranunculus,  Persian  2/6 

Soilla,  pale  blue      . .  3/6 

^iu^uo,  ai.iijiiu        ..    i.\vj          Scilla  Siberica        ..  4/6 

Jonquil.  Campernel      6/6          Snowdrops     . .        . .  2/6 


Narcissus,  Poeticus 

3/- 

Daffodils    single 

-     3/- 

Crocus,  mixed 

-    1/H 

Crocus,  vellow 

.    1/6 

Oroous,  blue  . . 

.    1/6 

Croous,  white 

.    1/9 

Crocus,  striped 

.    1/tt 

All   Parcels   Carriage    Free. 

Seedsmen   by   Eoyal   Warrant   to    H.E.H.  The 

Prince   of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN, 
LONDON. 


New.— New.— New. 
SPIRAEA  (Hoteia)  JAPONICA  fol.  PURPUREIS. 

T      VANDER     SWAELMEN    has    much 

'■-'  •  oleasure  m  offering,  for  the  first  time,  to  his  numerous 
Friends  in  Great  Britain,  this  New  Red-leaved  SPIR/EA, 
V12.  :— One  strong  plant,  4J   ;  three  do.,  lo^-  ;  S'*  do  ,  iSs. 

N  B  —The  leaves  and  stalks  ate  of  a  reddish-ptirple  colour, 
flowers  same  as  the  common  variety,  but  more  free  flowered. 

The  Lily  Nursery,  Gheist,  EelgiLim. 

ORNAMENTAL    TREES   AND   SHRUBS, 
Forest  Trees,  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  &c. 

STRONG    AND    WELL-GROWN. 
Priced  LIST  of  Reduced  Prices  Free  upon  af plication. 

WALTER    C.    SLOCOCK, 

GOLDWORTH  "  OLD"  NURSERY,  WOKING,  SURREY 


IV'LSON   -       ^ 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 

HUGH    LOW   &   CO. 

OFFBR  OF   FINE  QUALITY 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  9S,i=J,  i8s.,  =■!, jf£.f°YN; 
AZA.LE*  INDICA  ALBA,  i8s.  per  dozen;  AZALEA  IN- 
DICA,  in  variety  .8.  ,  =V.,  30..,  601.,  per  dozen  ,  AZALtA 
K.M»r'5  White  iSj  ,  21s.,  per  dozen:  ACACIA  AK  MA  1  A, 
;,7. 8,  ner  doze"  ;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  .8i..  24=.. 
pS'dozeAi  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  42J  per  dozen; 
CAMELLIAS,  in  bud.  M^.,  y>s.,  6°/-.  Per  dozen  ^.- 
NATION.Tree.  i8s..4...rerdozen;CHOISYATERNAlA, 
spring  flowering  White  H.wlhorn,  scented,  91.,  ".'••  P"  "'gfj'^ 
riFMATIS  in  variety,  rar.,  18s.,  per  dozen;  CUK>rHA 
AUSTKALIS  rzr  >«;,  per  dozen ;  CROTONS,  .8j  S4'-. 
neV  te".  b"AC.«NA  CONGESTA,  .8..  0"  dozen; 
DRAC^NA  RUBRA,  ,8..  per  dozen:  DRACyENA  INDI- 
^isl  S^per  dozen  ;  DRAC^NA.  in  var.ety,  .8.  ,  30.  per 
dozen-  ERICA  GRACILIS,  izr.,  18s..  Per  dozen  ;  ERICA 
r-AFFRA  izi  rer<<oen;  ERICA  HYfi.MALIS.  12J.,  i8s.. 
.4.:perd;zen  \  'eRICA  MELANTHERA,  ■«..  .8.^^'>fj:^|' 
d'ozen^  ERICAS,  m  variety,  i=j.,  '8'-.  P=' dozen  ;  ERICAS, 
hard-wooded  lis.,  iSi  ,  4zs  .  Cos.,  per  dozen;  tfACKls,  gJ., 
ri      ,8  °   per  doz;n  :    FICUS   e'lASTICUS,  30J,  per  dozen  ; 

^^Sm's  "^:r^:  X  SS^n't'GlWrNirRAmCANS, 

fr-B'i'^r  ••  P^^'^o^^f  GLTzT§^rA^°^;tIc!k-^; 

"er'dotanrjASMINUM  GRANDIFLORUM  weU  tadded 
deliciouslv  fragrant.  i8r..  21s.,  per  dozen;  JA^MINUM  OKa 
CILLIMUM  extra  fine  i8J..  3M-.  60..,  per  f«°  •»;*■. 
TANIA  BORBO.^ICA,  fine  stout  plants,  24^.,  3os-.  P"  °»^=i' 
KFNTIAS  in  variety.  30J.,  421.  per  dozen  .  LAUi^u:5 
TINUS,  French,  white,  fn  bud.  r8.,  3- .  6^  ^HffiNT^i 
I^E^C^rNiVAT'lo^i.'y-tzrt^H-'oDODkgl^: 
Princess  Roval,  &c.,  tSs..  30«.,  6vs  .  ns..  84s..  per  dozeii. 
PTVCHOSPERMA  ALEXANDRA,  .8.-  P"  f'^^rJuMS 
F0RTHIAELEGAN3.  18s.301.per  dozen,  SOLANUMb, 
in  berry,  9!.,  I2i.,  iSs.,  per  dozen. 

All  the  above  can  be   supplied  by  the   hundred,   and   the 
majority  by  the  thousand.     Inspection  mvited. 

ORCHIDS   A   SPECIALTY.  -  The    stock    at   'he  Clapwn 
Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that  without  seeing  it  1 
easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

Three  span-roofed  houses  of  PHAL.ENOPSI!  m  variety. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  super,  feet. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. ^____^ 


VctSE/ilSi 


L£IC£STeii. 

Annexed    specimen    le  timonial    ie„arding    Wilson    Junior 
Blackberry,  speaks  for  iissif:-  _  p  ,k   leicester 

"  /  am  very  much  picaied  with  the  Amtrcan  Blackbories 
that  you  sent  me  in  the  spl  ing.      Tlu  fruit  i,  /"/"•*• 

"  Wm.  Evans. 

As  per  our  circulars  of  Seplember  5  and  12,  we  must  sirongly 

advise  would-be  purchasers  to  see  that  they  obtain  the  true 

rlety.  otherwise  they  wUl  only  incur  disappointment  1'  they 

afrer  all  they  only  posse-s  ihe  inferior  variety,      Wilson 

Td  therefore  avoid  chascrm.  orier  cnh  front  us,m- 

s  ■wht  have  purchased  tlteir  stock  Jrom'" 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 
Cultivation,"  11.  .     . 

SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  ijoo  speaes  and  varieties, 
free  on  application. 

Special  Desc.iptive  "List  OF  New.  Rare,  and  Choice 
Ferns."  free. 

Descriptive  "  List  of  HardyNorth  American  Ferns,    liee. 

W.  &  J.   BmKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE.    MANCHESTER. 

ruTlONODOXA    LUCILL^TThe  Glory  of 

\J         the    Snow) -A   charming  rich   blue,  with  white  eye. 
Most  effective  in  masses  lor  early  sprujg  bloommg. 

ANEMONE   FULGENS.— Dazzling  scarlet, 

blooming  from  February  to  May. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA.— Early  white 

flowers-from  the  Cape.    Very  sweet-scented. 

FREESIA    LEICHTLINI.  — Similar  to  the 

former  but  primrose  colour, 
f   ,      c.  .  >„,lKe  „f  .he  ahave      See  our  Who'eiale  CATA- 
LOGUE  of  aUvLre.ies  c?'eLOWERING  BULBS,  free  on 
application,     .^^^^jjjg     ^     SIMPSON, 
SEED  AND  BULB   MERCHANTS, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 
Special  offers  for  large  quantities. 


find  tha 


N.B.-Vicc* 


i  COL 


eofa 


in  plal 


?&   Co.,  I 


ill  always  find. 


H 


LOGUE  Ire 


Cedrus  Deodara 
LANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 

in  the   c-iuntry— fine,    well-grown   Trees,    with    good 
t  and  upwards,  to  cff-r  cheap.     CATA- 


The  Nc 


;s,  Berkhampiteal,  Herts- 


PRIZE    COB,    FILBERT, 

AND    OXHSa    FKXJIT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  mtending  to  make  Plantations  sho.ild  apply  for 

CATALOGUE  and  P  A  MP  H  LE  TS 

on  Ho-Ji  to  Mahe  Lxnd  Pay,  and  How  to  Plant  and  Prune,  to 

Mr-  COOPER,  F  R.H  S.,  Calcot  Gardens.  Reading- 


HOOPER'S 
TREE    CARNATIONS. 

PRIZES  AT   ALL    THE  SHOWS. 
Plants  In  Bud  or  Bloom  Each. 


ALLEG.ATIERE,  scarlet  '  a    "  «        « 

BOISY.  sulphur-yellow      ..  --  ••        -■ '     ''  \    "^  W 

C.  A.  HOOPER,  canary-yellow  edged  carmine    20    30    50 

HERMINE.wh.te  ^  l    '  %.    ^  c 

lEAN  SISLEY,  salmonaodred  ..         ..102030 

IMRA.rose ••   "."■  ^\     3«     5° 

LE  TRIOMPHE  DE   LYON,  pure  virmilion    26    30    50 
MDLLE.  CARLE,  the  best  white        -  ",'   .'^\^° 

PEQUET,  pale  rose  is.  e.l'.  2  6    3^    50 

ZOUAVE,  rose,  striped  red  263650 

CHATEAUBRIAND,  bright  rase        <;    '  a    ^  ^ 

MISS  JOLIFFE,  soft  rose  162636 

Twelve  varieties  of  flowering  plants,  our  selection,  24'.,  30^-. 

and  42s.,  according  to  size. 

Small  Plants,  iu  6o'f,  t2S.  per  dozen. 

Hooper  k  Co. ,  Covent  Garden,  Losidon,  W.C. 


SUTTON'S 


20s.  value 
Carriage  Free.  | 


BULBS. 


SUTTON'S    HYACINTHS, 

IN  VARIOUS  SHADES  OF  COLOUR. 
Per  dozen  ..         ..     2S.  93.,      3S.  Od.  and    3s.  6d. 
Per  too       ..         ..  203.  Od.,   22a.  6d.  and  273.  Od, 


SUTTON'S    CROCUSES 


FOR   OPEN    GROUND. 
1000  in  five  vars.,  176.  6d.  1  250  in  five  vat 
5C0        „        ,,        9B.  Od,  I  100 
Large,  mixed,  all  colours,  per  100,  1/6,  per 


ies,  53. 
2S. 

K>,   12/6. 


SUTTON'S    Polyanthus 
Narcissus. 


SUTTON'S  SNOWDROPS 

Single  and  Double,  Separate  or  Mixed. 
Per  ICO    ..         ..  2S.  6d.  I  Per  1000  ..  223.  Od. 


EXTRA    SIZE. 
,  33.  6d.  I  Per  ioo< 


323.  6d. 


For  full  particulars  see 
SUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

Gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the 

Queen  and  H.R  H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


„ 


OREST,  yRUjT 

ii    ALL    OTHER 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free 


"^iuftdi^M^i^^^i^ 


r£LECRAPNIC  AODBESS^ 


BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  iu  Eneland.  sneciallv  orcpared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
Dolitan  6j  per  dozen  plants,  121.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  DeParme, 
finest  Double  Lilac;  NewVork.  beauliful  Double  Violet  with  red 
eve  •  Belle  de  Chatenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles.  3s.  id.  per  doz:n  plants,  71.  id. 
per  dozen  clumps,  ....  . 

Descriotive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cultivation,    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,   and    PRUI- 

Mr.  R.'w  BEACHEV,  Fiuder,  Kingsk-rsweU,  Devonshire. 


November  14,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


615 


National  Pear  Conference, 

Royal  Hortictiltural  Society s  Garden, 
Chiswick,  Oct.  20  to  Nov.  4. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle 

OCTOBER  17  and  FOLLOWING    WEEKS 

.  ARTICLES   ON 


PEARS     AND     PEAR     CULTURE, 

Contributed  by  the  Leading  Growers  of  the  day, 

Illustialed  uith  numerous  well  selected 

and  beautifully  executed 

ORIGINAL  ILLUSTRATIONS; 


T/ic  issue  ^or  October  24  contauted  a 
REPORT  of  the  EXHIBITION  of  PEARS 

AT    CHISWICK. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  these  Numbers  were 
the  following  eminent  Pomologlsts  :— 

Messrs.  Backhouse,  York  j  R.    Gilbert.    Burleigh,    Norlh- 

A.    F.  Barron.  Chiawick.  Mid-  I  amptonshire 

Jones,     Royal     Gardens, 

Frog  more 

Lane  &   Sons,    Betkham- 

Son,       Ealing, 


dlesex 
R.  D.  Blackmote,  Teddineton, 

Middlesex 
G.  Bunyard,  Maidstone,  Kent 
T.  Coomber,  Monmouth 
The    Cranston    Nursery    Co., 


Hei 
A.Dei 


eford 

1,  Bedfont,  Middlesex 
M.    Dunn,    Dalkeith,   Midlo- 


Abbey, 


this 


Middlesex 
W.     Miller.     Combi 

Warwickshire 
Francis     Rivers.     Sawbrid 

woith,  Herts 
C.  B.  Saunders,  Jersey 


Jas.  Dickson,  Chevter 
f .  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester 
J.  Douglas,  Ilford,  Essex 
W.  Barley,  Illord,  Essex  Hants 

S.  Ford,  Leonardslee.  Sussex     1  J.  Veitch  &  Sons.  Fulham 
D.  T.  Fish,  Bury  St.  Edmund's  i  ftc,    &c. 

Ptices*/.,   post-free  5jia'. 
May  be  ordered  of  all   Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at 
the  Railway  Bookstalls,  or  obtained  direct  from  the  Publisher, 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

CRO UX    ET    FILS,   NURSERYMEN,    Vallee 
d'Aulnay,  a  Chatenay.  Seine. — 50  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle ^  187S,  Two  Grands  Prix,  Croix  de  la 
K  LiJgion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 

"ATE    NARCISSUS  or  DAFFODIL^' 

-L     containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts    Price  is. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

GRAPE  VINES,  FIGS,  PEACHES,  &C., 
in  Pets  :  excellent,  well-ripened  trees  for  immediate 
fruiting.  A  large  stock  o(  very  fine  Dwarf-trained  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  and  APRICOTS,  with  fibrous  roots.  SEA- 
KALE  (or  Forcing.  The  choicest  ROSES.  Nett  Price  List 
on  application. 
WILL  TAVLER,  Osbom  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

EXHIBITION 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  ETC, 

LARGE     -WINTER     GARDEN 

(100  feet  by  40  feet),  at  the 

Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,   Upper 
Holloway,  London,  N., 


NOVEMBER  2  to  2t,  from    10  a 


to  dusk   daily. 


And  the  large  Collection  of  Pitcher  Plants  (f^epenthes, 
Earracenias,  &c.),  are  now  at  their  best — there  are  many 
thousands  oi  Pitchers,     They  are  well  worthy  a  visit. 

Admission  Free  to  Patrons  of  the  BatabUshment, 
or  on  Presentation  of  Oard. 


KENTl  the  GARDEN  of  ENGLAND. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD  &CO,'S 

CELEBRA  TED 
FRUIT  TREE  NURSERIES, 

MAIDSTONE, 

Offer  to  Ptirchasers  the  advantage  of  a  choice 
from  a  Stock  of  400  000  well-grown,  fully 
ripened,  and  carefully  and  scientifically  trained 
trees,  which  lift  with  such  remarkable  roots  that 
they  are  citable  for  all  soils  and  positions. 


Fruit  Trees 

IN  ALL  FORMS, 
For  the  Orchard,  Market  Plantation,  Walled 
or  Villa  Garden,  Prepared  for  Standards,  Rider 
Trained,  Dwarf  Fan,  Espalier  or  Horizontal 
Trained,  Pyramidal,  Double  or  Single  Cordons. 
All  Trees  on  the  most  congenial  Stock. 


Thousands  of  Fruit-bearing  Trees. 

Also  Orchard-house  Stuff  in  pots, 
Ficrs,  Vmes,  &c. 


Large  Exhibitors  and  Prizetakers  at  the 
Crystal  Palace,  Exeter,  and  London  Shows,  the 
great  Apple  Congress,  and  the  Pear  Conference. 
Winners  of  the  Champion  Prize  for  Apples  at 
the  "  Inventories." 


APPLE,   LADY  SUDELEY,  First-class  Cer- 


„     HIGH    CANONS,  First-class  Certificate, 

Roy^l  H.  r.icuUural  Society. 

„     GOSPATRIC  (fine  at  the  Congress). 

t'iicu'arv,  w.th  Te-timonials,  post-?rtc. 

Tile  above  New  and Firsi-clais  Apples  will  be  Sftii  out  by 

G.  B.  b'  Co.  this  November,  for  tlie  first  time. 


ACRES     OF    ROSES, 

SHRUBS.  CONIFERS  and  PARK  TREES. 


CATALOGUES    GRATIS. 


Frequent  trains  on  Ike  Chatham  and  Dover  {Victoria), 
or  South- F. astern  (Cannon  Street)  Railways. 

An  Inspection  is  solicited  from  all  Lovers  of  Horticulture. 


ESTABLISHED    1798, 


-^iJ' 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    14,    1885. 


WOBURN    ABBEY. 

IN  Eraser's  Magazine,  September,  1879,  Mr. 
J.  A.  Froude  gives  the  history  of  "  Cheneys 
and  the  House  of  Russell."  He  went  down  to 
Cheneys  and  visited  the  tomb-house  of  the 
Russells,  where  they  he,  about  four  score  of 
them,  from  young  Lord  Amberley,  son  of  "  Lord 
John,"  the  hero  of  the  Reform  Bill,  back  to 
Anne,  Cc^untess  of  Russell,  who  built  the  mor- 
tuary chapel  at  Cheneys,  A.D.  1556,  and  who  lies 
there  with  her  husband,  sculptured  in  alabaster, 
in  a  seeming  trance— 'the  earliest  of  the  monu- 
ments, and  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe.  The 
name  of  this  great  family  appears  on  the  roll  of 
Battle  Abbey,  but  the  Lady  Anne  was  the  great 
ancestress  of  the  earls  and  dukes,  who  have 
been  since  gathered  to  her  side.  Her  mother 
was  a  Cheney  ;  her  father,  Sir  Guy  Sapcote,  of 
Huntingdonshire ;  and  from  her  came  the 
Cheneys  estate  and  18,000  acres  of  the  richest 
land  in  the  shire  just  named  ;  but,  judging  from 
her  stern  and  noble  portrait,  she  bequeathed  to 
her  sons  gifts  more  precious  than  their  broad 
estates.  Her  husband,  the  first  Earl  of  Bed- 
ford— who  could  say  with  Othello  that  he  had 
"  done  the  State  some  service,"  a  prudent  and 
a  cautious  man,  who  was  certainly  well  rewarded 
for  his  pains— lies  by  her  side. 

A  family  who  have  enjoyed  350  years  of 
earldom  and  dukedom  can  aliford  to  disregard 
the  previous  period  since  the  Conquest  when 
they  could  claim  no  particular  distinction,  and 
Sir  John,  the  first  Earl,  who  gained  his  knight- 
hood and  lost  an  eye  in  a  battle  in  early  life, 
must  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  his  family. 
I  should  like  to  have  discovered  in  Mr.  Froude's 
paper  something  more  than  the  praises  of  suc- 
cessful politics,  and  of  the  virtues  appertaining 
to  high  birth  and  running,  as  he  says,  in  the 
blood  of  aristocrats.  I  should  like  to  have 
found  a  record  of  the  social  services  of  the 
Russells,  and  of  their  attempts  to  make  two 
blades  of  grass  grow  were  only  one  grew  before, 
as  recorded  in  the  Hortus  Gratitinetis  Wohurii- 
etisis,  of  their  noble  patronage  of  agriculture, 
horticulture,  and  silviculture,  and  of  their  em- 
ployment of  Repton,  who  formed  the  roads  in 
the  park  at  Woburn,  planted  the  distant  slopes 
and  ridges  seen  from  the  windows  of  the  Abbey, 
and  fashioned  the  lake. 

To  begin  at  the  beginning,  the  Abbey  of 
Woburn  was  founded  in  1 145  by  Hugh  de 
Bolebec.  It  was  granted  in  1547  by  Edward 
VI.  to  Sir  John,  afterwards  Lord  Russell  of 
Cheneys,  where  he  lies  in  alabaster  as  afore- 
said, awaiting  the  unknown  with  a  thoughtful 
countenance,  while  his  countess — for  he  became 
an  earl,  as  already  stated — seems  to  look  up 
with  awe,  bearing  a  bold  heait  nevertheless. 
Two  hundred  years  later,  in  1747,  the  old 
Abbey  house  was  replaced  by  a  new  one, 
which  has  since  been  altered  and  improved, 
and  is  now  a  magnificent  quadrangular  house, 
called  Woburn  Abbey.  It  stands  amid  60  acres 
of  pleasure-grounds,  with  palatial  stables  ad- 
joining it,  together  with  a  tennis-court  and  a 
rioing-ochO')!,    having   a    sculpture   gallery  on 


6i6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  1885. 


one  wing,  all  connected  with  the  house  by  a 
long  colonnade,  and  standing  on  the  site  of  the 
former  Abbey  cloisters.     Enclosing  the  whole 
of  these  extensive  buildings   is   a    noble  park, 
containing  nearly  3000  acres,  which  is  perfect 
as  an  English  park,  of  varied  contour,  peopled 
by  herds  of  red  and  fallow  deer  and  highland 
cattle,  having  avenues  of  Elms  2  miles  long, 
roads  that  lose  themselves  in  the  distant  foli- 
age,  unnumbered  timber  trees,   tall   and  large 
Oaks   enough   to   form   a    fleet.   Beech   which 
would  keep  High  Wycombe  in  stock  for  several 
years,  Spanish  Chestnuts  that  would  roof  in  all 
the  houses  in  Beds,  English  or  Cornish  Elms, 
as  they  are  called  here,  sufficient  for  a  million 
coffins,  and   Horse  Chestnuts  and  large  White- 
thorns, which  were  in  full  blossom  during  my 
visit.       The    distant    views    from    the    higher 
ground  reach  into  Northamptonshire,  or  to  the 
chalk  downs  of  Ivanhoe  and  Tring.     Along  the 
lower  ground  between  the  house  and  the  little 
town  of  Woburn  a  string  of  eight  ponds,  most 
of    them   stew-ponds    in   old    times,    vary   the 
scene,  and  hold  the'  duke's  fishes,  the  golden 
carp  and  tench  from   Germany,  in   which   the 
present   duke   delights.      After   drawing  off  a 
pond  to  inspect  his  favourites  Mr.  Frank  Buck- 
land  became  so  enthusiastic  over  some  of  the 
duke's  imported  fishes  that  he  jumped  about 
and  cheered   like  Lord   Randolph  Churchill  on 
hearing  the  announcement  of  the  late  majority. 
On   the  Abbot's  Oak,  the  outside  tree  of  a 
group  before  the  windows  by  the  water   side, 
the   last   abbot   was   hanged   for   denying    the 
king's  supremacy.      The  London  Road  passes 
through  the  town  and  skirts  the  lake  on  the 
opposite  bank,  so  that  travellers  can  obtain,  at 
the  distance  of  a  mile,  a  noble  view  of  the  park 
and  of  the  west  front  of  the  Abbey.     Standing 
on  the  terrace  of  Woburn  Abbey  you  behold 
Nature  in  one  of  the  best  of  her  English  aspects, 
clothed  in    timber   and    turf,   and,   in    Shakes- 
perian  phrase,  mended  by  the  art  of  Repton. 
Some  buildings  of  the  "  Home  Farm,"  the  very 
spot  where  Duke  John's  sheep  shearings  were 
attended   by  Arthur  Young  and  all   the  great 
agriculturists  of  the  period,  are  on  the  lower 
ground    concealed    by   clumps    of   trees,   and 
further  off,  beyond  some  wide-reaching  shrub- 
beries,  the   little   town   of  Woburn   discreetly 
hides,  like   modest   Rachael— all   but   the    old 
church,  which  too  boldly  perhaps  lets  itself  be 
seen,  as  does  the  spire  of  the   new  one,  which 
the  duke   himself  erected   at  great  cost,  imme- 
diately without  the   park   gates.     In   the   fore- 
ground of  this  splendid  scene,  across  the  bold 
sweeps  of  grass,  fallow   deer  come  nibbling  up 
towards    the   house   unconsciously   playing   an 
appropriate  part. 

The  gardens  at  Woburn  Abbey  were  described 
in  1833  by  the  gardener  of  that  time,  Mr. 
James  Forbes,  in  his  Hertus  Wohurnensis, 
dedicated  to  the  Duke  of  Bedford.  Four 
remarkable  books,  now  scarce  and  costly,  two 
of  them  by  the  Duke  himself,  the  others  by  his 
famous  gardeners,  Sinclair  and  Forbes,  testify 
to  the  useful  patronage  which  the  owners  of 
Woburn  have  long  extended  to  the  arts  of  agri- 
culture, forestry,  and  botany.  John,  Duke  of 
Bedford,  the  great  patron  of  agriculture,  was 
also  famous  as  a  planter.  The  park  owes  to 
him  the  "  Evergreens,"  a  plantation  of  100  acres 
on  the  Woburn  and  Ampthill  Road,  which  he 
planted  in  1743,  and  thinned  at  the  proper  time, 
in  spite  of  his  gardener,  who,  on  receiving 
directions  as  to  the  thinning,  replied,  "Your 
grace  must  pardon  me  if  I  humbly  remonstrate 
against  your  orders  ;  but  I  cannot  possibly  do 
what  you  desire,  since  it  would  destroy  the 
young  plantation,  and  seriously  injure  my  repu 
tation  as  a  planter."  The  Duke  replied,  "  Do 
as  I  desire  you,  and  I  will  take  care  of  your  re- 
putation ;"  and  as  soon  as  the  thinning  had  been 
effected,  he  had  a  board  fixed  by  the  roadside, 
on  which  the  following  notice  was  written  ; — 
"This  plantation  has  been   thinned   by  John, 


Duke  of  Bedford,  contrary  to  the  advice  and 
opinion  of  his  gardener." 

The  next  Duke  John,  the  author  of  Pinetum 
Woburnoisc,  and  Salictum  Woburneme,  says 
in  the  former  that  his  love  for  Conifers  was 
a  hereditary  taste.  It  induced  him  to  form  a 
Pinetum  in  the  pleasure  grounds,  which  rivalled 
the  collection  at  Dropmore.  The  ducal  work 
is  magnificently  illustrated,  and  contains  descrip- 
tions of  most  of  the  exotic  Conifers  which  were 
introduced  up  to  1839. 

In  Horiiis  Woburnensu  Mr.  Forbes  describes 
the  gardens,  which  contained  6000  plants  best 
adapted  for  culture  in  the  greenhouse,  stove, 
pleasure-ground,  or  flower-garden.  Woburn 
owes  much  of  its  picturesque  beauty  to  the  skill 
of  Repton  in  grouping  the  plantations,  altering 
the  form  of  the  great  sheet  of  water  before  the 
windows,  and  planting  the  slopes  beyond.  The 
pleasure  grounds,  however,  were  formed  by  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  and  accomplished  ladies 
of  the  family,  a  member  of  that  noble  race  of 
Gordons  whose  statues  and  memorials  remain 
in  Strathspey,  where  the  celebrated  Duchess  of 
Gordon  raised  her  regiments  at  the  period  of 
George  III.'s  great  wars.  She  was  the  duchess 
of  the  great  agriculturist,  John,  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford, early  in  the  century.  A  pleasing  memorial 
exists  in  the  double  -  flowering  Thorn  tree 
planted  in  her  private  garden,  and  formed  by 
close  clipping  into  an  arbour,  paved  with  pebbles, 
and  having  an  arched  entrance  and  arboreal 
windows.  At  present  some  private  rooms  open 
into  this  retired  retreat,  which  has  not  been 
altered,  and  could  not,  I  think,  be  easily  im- 
proved. Roses,  Honeysuckles,  Jasmines,  and 
Ivy  are  trained  on  ornamental  trellises  ;  sim- 
plicity and  perfect  elegance  prevail  ;  there  are 
graceful  curves  and  attractive  corners,  and  the 
lawn  is  delightfully  soft.  It  is  a  small  garden, 
yet  endless  in  appearance,  through  the  conceal- 
ment of  the  outer  fence  by  evergreens  and 
groups  of  trailers. 

The  parterres  in  front  of  tiie  sculpture  gallery 
come  next  in  order  as  you  pass  from  the  south 
front  along  the  colonnade  to  the  pleasure 
grounds.  They  are  laid  out  in  the  older,  but 
not  the  oldest  style,  consisting  of  a  lawn  with 
gravel  walks,  and  many  beds  edged  with  close 
clipped  Box.  Within  the  gallery  are  the 
"  Three  Graces,"  by  Canova,  a  group  which  was 
executed  for  the  Duke  of  Bedford  at  a  cost  of 
;£i  5,000,  standing  on  an  antique  pedestal,  and 
placed  in  a  secure  recess  which  is  appropriately 
paved  with  marble  from  the  Duke's  Devonshire 
estate.  In  the  garden  outside  are  Westma- 
cott's  bronze  statues,  the  Dying  and  the 
Fighting  Gladiators,  and  Silenus  nursing 
Bacchus. 

The  attractive  beds  of  Heaths,  mixed  with  a 
few  plants  of  Pampas  grass  in  the  foreground 
of  the  pleasure  garden,  remind  one  of  another  of 
the  Woburn  Abbey  series  of  horticultural  works, 
the  illustrated  Hortus  Eric.  Woburn.,  which 
was  printed  for  private  distribution  in  1S25, 
the  work  being  illustrated  with  costly  engrav- 
ings of  the  Heaths  in  the  adjoining  Heath- 
house,  an  extensive  building  100  feet  long. 
The  hardy  Heath  garden,  designed  by  Mr. 
Sinclair,  is  kept  up  in  perfection,  and  numerous 
as  the  hardy  species  of  Erica,  Calluna  and 
Menziesia,  as  well  as  Empetrum  and  Hudsonia, 
are  i  rangely  overlooked  as  ornaments  of 
gardens.  I  may  here  allude  to  them  as  a 
characteristic  novelty  always  admirable,  and 
especially  in  August  and  throughout  the  winter. 
An  avenue  of  Araucarias,  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  long,  is  notable  in  this  part  of  the 
pleasure  grounds.  Many  of  the  salient 
features  of  the  period  of  Duke  John,  the  great 
horticulturist,  remain  in  the  grounds  imme- 
diately surrounding  the  Abbey  ;  others  have 
been  swept  away  in  recent  years,  including  the 
"  Grass  Garden,"  which  contained  400  species 
of  grasses,  each  growing  in  a  plot  bordered 
with  cast  iron  edgings.      The  Arboretum  and 


Pinetum,  and  the  trial  ground  of  the  Willows, 
have  also  been  dispensed  with. 

A  conservatory.  Camellia-house,  and  other 
greenhouses  are  easily  accessible  from  this 
point,  as  well  as  the  tennis-court,  stable,  and 
riding-house.  Near  the  buildings,  in  a  recessed 
part  of  an  extensive  lawn,  is  a  pond  with  a 
cool  and  costly  grotto  near  it,  and  a  Chinese 
dairy  on  the  margin,  paved  with  marble,  having 
old  and  valuable  china  and  porcelain  instead  of 
the  customary  dairy  utensils.  H.  Evershed. 

(Tc  l-e  tonth,i,rd.) 


BRASSIA  ELEGANTULA,  n.  sp.* 
This  small-flowered  Bfassia  has  exceedingly  stiff 
glaucous,  cuneate  ligulate  acute  leaves,  and  a  glaucous, 
rather  small  bulb.  Its  inflorescence  is  a  raceme  of 
lew  (two  to  6ve)  flowers.  The  bracts  are  very  large, 
triangular,  not  equal  to  the  stalked  ovaries.  The  sepals 
are  spreading,  the  lateral  ones  deflexed,  all  green  with 
brown  transverse  bars.  Lip  oblong,  apiculate,  with 
two  longitudinal  keels  at  the  base,  hairy  inside. 
The  colour  of  the  lip  is  white,  with  a  few  small,  brown- 
purple  dots  in  front  of  the  calli.  It  is  bent  in  the 
middle,  the  keels  being  found  in  the  hollow  under  the 
stigma.  The  column  is  quite  wingless,  brown  and  green . 
I  had  this  first— a  very  fine  plant— from  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
who  stated  that  it  is  of  Mexican  origin,  which  surprised 
me.  As  it  is  the  habit  of  many  modern  packing  employes 
not  to  pack  flowers,  but  to  throw  them  into  an  empty 
box,  as  if  they  were  hail-shot,  the  flowers  came 
broken  and  the  bud  did  not  expand.  It  was  a  most 
agreeable  surprise  to  get  from  Ilerr  Obe.hofgartner 
H.  Wendland,  at  Herrenhausen,  near  Hanover,  a 
very  fine  five-flowered  inflorescence,  packed  neatly, 
first  in  paper  then  in  sphagnum.  This  is  also  of 
Sanderian  origin.  Now  I  can  describe  the  plant. 
The  really  elegant  thing  is  near  to  Brassia  chlorops, 
Rchb.  f.,  which  has  a  one-sided  inflorescence,  a  very 
narrow  green  lip,  and  adventitious  acute  calli  in  front 
of  the  keels.  This  I  have  only  received  once,  and 
then  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons.  U.  G.  KM.  f. 


HOYA     LONGIFOLIA     (Wall.) 
VAR.    SHEPHERDII,  N.  E.  BR. 

Tins  is  the  beautiful  Iloya  figured  in  Ihe  Bot. 
Mag.,  at  t.  5269,  under  the  name  of  H.  Shepherdi, 
Hook.,  which  is  placed  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  in  the 
Flora  of  Biilish  India,  vol.  iv.,  p.  57,  as  a  doubtful 
synonym  of  II.  longifolia.  The  leaves  are  certainly 
much  narrower  and  longer  than  those  of  H.  longi- 
folia ;  but  there  appears  to  me  no  difference  in  the 
flowers.  It  is  true  that  no  type  specimen  of  H. 
Shepherdi  is  preserved  in  the  Kew  herbarium,  not 
have  I  seen  flowers  of  the  plant  here  figured  ;  but  on 
comparing  out  illustration  (fig.  140)  with  the  plate  in 
the  Bol.  A/a^.,  it  becomes  quite  evident  that  they 
represent  the  same  species,  and  in  the  Kew  herbarium 
are  wild  specimens,  collected  in  Khasia  and  Sikkim, 
of  what  is  certainly  the  same  plant,  and  I  am  unable 
to  distinguish  the  flowers  of  these  in  the  dried  slate 
from  those  of  H.  longifolia,  and  therefore  place  this 
plant  for  the  present  as  a  variety  of  that  species. 
The  specimen  from  which  fig.  140  was  engraved  was 
kindly  communicated  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Cummins,  gar- 
dener to  Mr.  A.  II.  Smee,  and  to  him  I  am  also  in- 
debted for  a  specimen  (unfortunately  without  flowers) 
for  the  purpose  of  description.  It  appears  to  be  a  rare 
plant  in  cultivation ;  not  only  is  this  attested  by  the  fact 
that  there  are  no  cultivated  specimens  of  it  preserved 
in  the  Kew  herbarium,  but  also  by  the  statement  of 
Mr.  Cummins,  who  writes  me  as  follows  : — "  It  seems 
strange  to  me  that  although  many  gardeners,   &c., 

•  Brassui  eUgantula,  n.  ?p.— Aff.  Brassiae  chloropidi,  Endr., 
Rchb.  f.  :  racemo  quaquaverso  ;  bracteis  spathaceis  triangulis 
acutis,  ovaria  pedicellata  non  ajquantibus  ;  sepalo  imparl  semi- 
lanceo  sepalis  lateralibus  ajqualibus  deflexis  ;  tepalis  subaequali- 
bus  arectis  brevioribus.  labello  oblongo  apiculato  nunc 
obscurissime  laleribus  lobato,  antice  reflexo.  superiori  parte  cum 
carinis  suis  in  columnse  partem  excavatam  infrastigmaticam 
impressis  carinis  geminis  m  basi  antice  inflexis.  inter  se  pubcr- 
ulo  velutinis.  Oncidium  elegantulum.  PUnta  glauca.  Folia 
D-ligulata  acuta    rigida.      E  Mexico  dicuur    importata 


jneato-ligulata  acuta    riglda.      c.  Mexico  dicitu 
cl.  mercatore  Albanensi  F.  Sander,  H.  G.  Rchb. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


617 


visit  this  garden,  no  one  has  remembered  seeing  it 
elsewhere.  In  my  opinion  it  deserves  quite  as  pro- 
minent a  position  in  any  collection  as  the  beautiful 
little  Hoya  bella  ;  it  flowers  from  the  axil  of  nearly 
every  leaf."  The  following  is  a  description  of  the 
plant  : — 

Stem  climbing,  glabrous,  as  are  also  the  leaves, 
peduncles,  and  pedicels.  Leaves  pendulous,  5 — 7 
inches  long,  \  inch  broad,  linear  or  narrow  linear- 
oblanceolate,  acute,  tapering  at  the  base,  where  they 
make  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  \  —  \  inch  long  terete 
petioles,  fleshy,  channelled  down  the  bright  green 
face,  obtusely  keeled  down  the  paler  green  under- 
surface,  which  is  mottled  with  brownish  patches. 
Peduncles    rather    short.      Umbels    many-flowered, 


ORCHIDS    IN    FLOWER   AT  MR. 
BULL'S    NURSERY. 

We  do  not  find  any  great  number  of  Orchids  be- 
longing to  different  genera  in  bloom  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  so  that  we  are  the  more  gratified  with  the  few 
that  do  enliven  the  houses.  Foremost  among  these, 
especially  when  seen  in  clumps  or  large  potfuls,  when 
the  mass  is  of  various  shades  of  pink,  is  Oncidium  orni- 
thorhynchum.  These  plants  are  in  full  bloom  at  this 
period  and  onward,  and  few  things  are  more  choice  for 
occasional  use  in  the  dwelling  as  a  dinner-table  object. 
Several  plants  of  Barkeria  Skinneri  and  B.  elegans 
rosea  were  also  furnished  with  their  cheerful  spikes  of 
flowers,     Such  easily  managed  winter  bloomers  ought 


white  flowers  of  waxlike  consistency.  A  Vanda 
Sanderiana  has  eighteen  fine  large  flowers,  and  a  Sac- 
colabium  Blumei  var.  pulchra,  the  flower-spike  of 
which,  although  only  about  8  inches  in  length,  indi- 
cates what  a  fine  thing  a  large  specimen  in  flower 
would  be.  It  is  almost  white,  the  lilac  tinge  being  of 
the  faintest. 

Of  Cattleyas  few  are  now  in  flower,  but  those  in 
the  large  house,  viz.  :— C.  Trian^,  C.  Skinneri,  and 
C.  Mendelii,  are  showing  abundant  sheaths.  The 
very  dwarf-growing  C.  luteola,  with  blooms  yellow 
and  green,  was  in  flower,  in  a  house  where  Saracenias 
were  resting,  where  we  likewise  found  Crelogyne 
cristata  alba,  snow-white,  a  great  acquisition  where 
flowers  of  the  kind  are  in  request.     The  new  Angrae- 


Fig.  140.— hoya  longifolia,  var.  shepherdii;  flowers  pale  pink. 


pedicels  \  —  l  inch  long.  Calyx  lobes  small,  ovate 
obtuse.  Corolla  rotate,  \  inch  in  diameter,  pale 
flesh-coloured,  glabrous  outside,  puberulous  inside  on 
the  broadly  ovate  lobes.   N.  E.  Broum. 


E0CALYPTS. — At  the  Linnean  Society  on  No- 
vember 5  there  was  shown  for  the  Baron  von 
Mueller  a  characteristic  collection  of  skeleton 
leaves  of  species  of  Eucalyptus  prepared  by  Mrs. 
Lewellin,  of  Melbourne.  These  confirm  Baron 
von  Mueller's  observations  as  to  definite  layers 
and  the  relation  of  these  to  the  skeletonising  pro- 
cess. The  leaves  in  decaying  produce  no  bad 
odour.  Mueller's  observations  do  not  support  Mr. 
Riviere's  statement  that  the  Bamboo  is  as  good  as 
Eucalypts  Ito  subdue  malaria  ;  the  former  dry  up, 
but  do  not  exhale  the  volatile  oil,  as  do  the  latter, 
and  the  Eucalypts,  moreover,  absorb  moisture  as 
quickly  as  Willows,  Poplars,  and  Bamboos. 


to  be  in  every  collection  of  plants.  Cymbidium 
giganteum  was  in  flower  in  several  instances,  as  was  C. 
Mastersii,  with  pure  white  blooms,  desirable  as  being 
earlier  than  C.  eburneum.  Those  charming  Pleiones 
Birmaniana,  rose-coloured,  and  P.  maculata,  white, 
with  crimson  spottings  on  the  white  ground  of  the  lip, 
that  is  pouting  and  frilled  elegantly,  were  grouped  to- 
gether in  one  of  the  houses.  In  close  proximity  were 
Lycaste  Deppei,  showing  a  large  mass  of  pale  cream 
blooms  on  a  comparatively  small  plant  ;  and  Phalce- 
nopsis  Dayana,  showing  a  bloom  or  two  of  pure  white  ; 
another  white  flower  was  Dendrobium  infundibulum. 
The  Cypripediums  were  beginning  to  show  a  few 
flowers  here  and  there,  such  as  C.  Sedeni,  C.  calur- 
um,  good  strains  of  C.  Lawrenceanum,  C.  Spiceria- 
num,  C.  Ashburtoniie,  a  pretty  form  of  C.  barbatum, 
named  pulchrum,  quite  distinct.  The  rare  and 
beautiful  Aerides  Lawrenceana,  a  small  plant,  is 
carrying  a  small  spike  of  its  sweet-scented  rose  and 


cum  Leonis,  a  small  plant,  was  carrying  one  fair- 
sized  bloom  :  this  is  also  of  purest  white. 

In  a  house  filled  with  plants  of  Odontoglossum 
crispum  just  a  few  spikes  of  flowers  were  visible,  and 
plenty  of  promise  for  the  future.  A  few  O.  vexillarium 
rubellum  were  flowering,  and  of  Masdavallia  tovar- 
ensis  many,  some  few  M.  trochilus,  M.  corniculata, 
and  M.  Shuttleworthii.  The  fragrant  Trichopilia 
fragrans,  and  T.  nobilis  were  in  bloom,  emitting  a 
most  agreeable  odour. 

Odontoglossum  grande,  a  fine  old  plant,  was  show- 
ing quantities  of  its  big,  bold,  yellow  and  brown 
flowers  ;  O.  leopardinum,  with  dark  brown  sepals  and 
petals  barred  with  green,  the  crest  orange  ;  O.  Rossi 
majus,  O.  blepharicanthum,  an  astral  form,  with  thin 
narrow  petals  and  sepals  brown  spotted,  pretty  and 
useful  as  an  early  flowerer ;  the  old  O.  bictonense 
roseum,  and  O.  b.  album,  were  both  exhibiting  some 
few  blooms  ;  as  was  O.  Forbesii,  so  remarkable  for  the 

# 


6i8 


run     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[NOVtMBER    14,    iS 


richness  of  its  tints  ;  O.  madrense,  anEcuador  species, 
white  with  a  purple  stain.  Of  Oncidiums,  were  O. 
prKtextum  (1  beauty  in  broxn).  O.  conculor,  and  the 
minute  O.  cheirophorum.  The  graceful  Dendro- 
chilum  Cobbianum  was  prettily  in  bloom  in  various 
houses,  and  showed  much  ditlerence  of  size.  Many 
examples  of  LKliaautumnalis  atrorubens  were  in  bloom, 
forming  a  most  welcome  bit  of  lively  colour  amongst 
white  flowers.  L.  autumnalis  was  stood  in  proximity, 
to  ihow  the  improvement  in  colour  in  the  first-named. 
A  plant  of  the  deep  golden-yellow  flowered  Mor- 
modes  pardinum  unicolor  was  in  flower ;  the  spike  is 
large  and  massive,  and  deliciously  scented. 


THE  MANURIAL  VALUE  OF 
FRESHLY  FALLEN  LEAVES. 

Our  knowledge  regarding  the  manurial  value  of 
fallen  leaves  has  recently  been  added  to  by  Professor 
Emmerling  and  others,  in  a  communication  contri- 
buted to  the  current  number  of  the  BieJ.  Cciilr., 
iSSs. 

The  results  are  given  in  the  foUowiag  tables  ;  — 


EIGHT  DAYS    IN  THE  GARDEN 
OF    ENGLAND. 

t.L\mt;„„M  fyom  /.  5?7) 

The  daylight  was  fast  waning  as  we  passed  the 
sphinx  like  pile  ol  Vixen  Tor,  and  the  red  Dartmoor 
cattle  turned  homeward  towards  Tavistock  without 
the  aid  of  a  herdsman,  separating  themselves  as  they 
turned  off  to  their  respective  homesteads,  when  a 
glimpse  of  Tavistock  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  made  us 
think  ourselves  happily  near  our  destination.  Alas  ! 
with  Wdl-o'-lhc-wisp-llke  delusiveness  Tavistock 
proved  further  and  further  off,  and  it  was  quite  dark 
when  we  reached  the  iledford  Hotel,  where  we  were 
informed  that  we  had  just  missed  the  local  flower 
show,  and  that  the  heavy  rain  we  had  experienced 
up  on  the  moor  had  only  been  represented  at  Tavis- 
tock by  a  few  slight  showers. 

Tavistocic. 
Viewing  our  position  V^y  daylight,    we  found  our- 
selves literally  in  the  middle  of  a  Benedictine  abbey. 
The  hotel  stands  on  the  site  of  the  chapter-house  ;  in 
front  is  the  church  with  a  fragment  of  the  cloister  in 


Perce 

N-TAGE    Co.MrOSIT 

o.v. 

White    Willow 
iSali.v  alba). 

Silver  Poplar 

iPopulus  ar- 

gentea). 

2. 

-5.2  J. 
E  2  a 

0  N 
2 

w 

is  • 
•III 
15^ 

Water 

so.  88 

20.27         1S.31 

15-73 

■7  74 

17.06 

17-73 

>5-35 

17.03 

Dry  matter 

79.12 

79-73         81.09 

8427 

82.26 

82.94 

8227 

84.65 

82-97 

In  dry  matter  :- 

Albuminoids 

It. 52 

16.74         12.51 

5.05 

6  39 

.8.7r 

7.07 

6-57 

7-57 

Fat 

6.09 

5->5           8.42 

.3. 53 

6.39 

6.91 

5-73 

3.66 

3.86 

Carlw-hydratcs     . . 

48.44 

51  38         S'.oo 

50  70 

52  10 

55-24 

52.57 

55  49 

6031 

Fibre          

=6.44 

19.72         20.46 

-9  "o 

28.31 

■5-74 

30.68 

20. 82 

24.83 

Mineral  matter  (.a!<li; 

7-5> 

701           7  55 

=•57 

6.81 

3.40 

3-95 

4.46 

-  43 

Nitrogen  in  dry  matter     . . 

,.84 

2.6S           2.00 

aSi 

r.o2 

=  99 

1. 13 

..05 

r.2r 

Pmi 


.  Co.NSTlTUENTS  1 


;  Asii-Pe  i  Ce 


Potash            14  79  '    21.60 

Soda 7.93  I      7.61 

1-""= 24  69  27  19 

Masnesia 9  39  |      6.38 

Phosphoric  acid       ..          ..          4  97  7.56 

Sulphuric  acid          5.07  13.37 

Silica..          2396  5.40 


26.57 
7.39 
5  37 
8.46 

21.34 


4-43 

256 

31-75 

30.86 

24.58 

6-95 

3.8 

2-44 

3.8. 

3- to 

3-37 

32.03 

=•47 
48.03 


5-53 
5.76 


6.24 
4  7= 


A  glance  at  these  figures  will  show  the  immense 
variation  in  the  constituents,  and  consequently  in  the 
manurial  value,  of  different  plant  leaves,  but  it  must 
be  remembered  that  a  few  analyses  of  plants  or  their 
separate  organs  do  not  suffice  to  decide  what  kind 
and  what  amount  of  plant  food  a  crop  needs,  and 
still  less  in  what  combination  they  produce  the  best 
effect  ;  they  simply  tell  what  kind  and  amount  the 
plant  under  examination  contains  at  that  particular 
moment.  It  is  a  well  established  fact  that  the  same 
variety  of  plants,  whether  raised  upon  different  kinds  of 
soil  or  upon  the  same  soils  of  a  varying  degree  of  rich- 
ness, may  contain  a  widely  differing  absolute  amount 
of  the  same  kind  of  organic  "  volatile  "  and  inorganic 
*'  fixed  "  constituents. 

It  appears  that  about  3000  lb.  of  perfectly  dry  Pine 
timber  are  produced  with  a  consumption  of  only 
2^  lb.  of  potash  and  i  lb.  of  phosphoric  acid  per  acre 
per  annum  ;  with  Beech  trees  the  quantities  required 
arc  rather  larger.  The  growth  of  trees  and  shrubs, 
therefore,  plainly  less  exhaustive  to  the  soil  than 
ordinary  garden  culture.  The  demand  on  the  soil 
becomes,  moreover,  considerably  greater  if  all  the 
fallen  leaves  are  removed.  J.  y,  IV. 


The  American  Pomological  Society.  — 
Colonel  Wilder,  now  in  his  eighty-eighth  year,  has 
issued  his  annual  address  to  the  Society,  in  which  he 
reviews  the  work  of  the  year,  and  makes  suggestions 
as  to  the  future  woik  of  the  Society,  the  reform  of 
nomenclature,  and  the  raising  of  new  fruits.  The 
address  is  in  the  old  strain  of  enthusiastic  eloquence, 
and  we  cannot  doubt  that  the  words  of  wisdom  and 
encouragement  he  has  uttered  will  bear  fruit  in 
the  way  the  venerable  President  would  wish,  and  tend 
towards  the  advance  of  pomology  and  the  welfare  of 
mankind. 


the  churchyard,  erroneously  termed  the  Tomb  of 
Ordulf ;  the  chiel  gateway  is  a  little  to  the  north  eas', 
a  Unitarian  chapel  behind  the  hotel  was  the  refectory ; 
the  high-walled  gardens,  separated  from  the  river 
only  by  a  gravel  walk,  are  now  attached  to  the  hotel 
and  to  the  vicarage  ;  whilst  the  Abbey  bridge  over  the 
beautiful  stream  of  the  Tavy  is  now  the  direct  road  to 
the  railway  station.  Considering  that  it  is  the  centre 
of  a  mining  district,  Tavistock  is  a  singularly  clean 
town  ;  and,  though  not  having  the  reputation  of  the 
Dart,  the  Tavy,  even  as  it  passes  the  town,  is 
singularly  picturesque,  -especially  below  the  bridge. 
Oa  its  left  bank  is  a  public  walk  with  trees  drooping 
over  the  water's  edge  ;  on  the  right  bank  are  the 
gravel  walk  and  high  wall  above-mentioned, 
and  between  flows  the  swift  torrent,  some  forty 
feet  across,  falling  over  a  weir  provided  with 
a  salmon-ladder,  and  foaming  between  many  a 
large  grey  boulder  worn  smooth  and  flat  with 
its  action.  The  walls  ol  the  hotel  are  so  thick 
that  there  is  actually  a  liny  recessed  room  in  the  thick- 
ness of  that  of  the  coffee-room,  and  the  old  gateway 
acrois  the  central  "plaza  "  of  the  town  bears  witness 
to  tha.  considerable  raising  of  the  general  street  level 
from  the  accumulation  of  debris  that  generally  cha- 
racterises old  places.  The  fine  church  has  a  double 
south  aisle  and  large  north  and  south  doors,  where 
there  was  formerly  an  open  pathway  in  the  tower. 
The  painted  alabaster  tomb  to  Sir  John  Glanvil,  the 
large  pewter  altar  vessels  and  a  holy-water  stoup 
outside  the  north  porch,  are  also  worth  notice.  Out- 
side a  modern  church  in  the  suburb  of  Filzford  is  1 
monument,  recently  unveiled,  in  honour  of  Drake, 
who  was  born  at  Crowndale,  hard  by. 

LiDFORD   AND    BrENT  ToR. 

Our  destination   on    this   day   was    the    strangely 
beauii'ul  gorge  of  the  river  Lyd  and  the  volcano  of 


Brent  Tor.  Arrived  at  Lydford  Junction  we  walked 
about  a  mile  to  the  house  of  Daniel  Radford,  Esq., 
in  whose  grounds  this  remarkable  natural  phenomenon 
is  situated,  and  by  whom  we  were  most  hospitably 
provided  with  luncheon.  The  house  and  garden  are 
but  newly  established  ;  but  specimens  of  Cupiessus, 
C.  macrocarpa,  Escallonia  rubra,  and  other 
shrubs  promise  well  in  this  favourable  situation. 
Here,  again,  we  found  that  bush  fruit  only  had 
yielded  anything  like  a  crop  this  year ;  but  Mr. 
Radford  had  a  good  show  of  Grapes,  though  grown 
from  the  old  wood. 

The  attractive  feature  of  the  grounds,  however,  is 
the  gorge — a  narrow  fissure  in  the  live  rock,  from 
15  to  40  feet  or  more  in  width  above,  and  30  to 
40  feet  in  depth,  at  the  bottom  of  which  brawls 
the  swift  torrent  of  the  Lyd,  in  places  only  3  or  4  feet 
across,  the  sloping  upper  part  of  its  sides  planted 
with  trees.  It  is  in  the  main  a  perpendicular  cleft  in 
the  dark  greenish-grey  and  black  slaty  rocks,  partially 
draped  with  Ilatt's-tongue  and  other  Ferns,  access 
having  been  made  to  its  inmost  recesses  by  a  ledge  of 
path  and  steps  about  a  foot  wide  that  has  been  cut  for 
over  a  mile  along  one  face  of  the  ravine.  At  one 
point  the  high  road  crosses  the  cleft  by  a  stone  arch 
that,  according  to  an  apocryphal  legend  replaced  a 
wooden  one,  the  casual  breaking  down  of  which  was 
the  necessitating  cause  of  one  of  the  many  Smuggler's 
Leaps  of  our  south  coast.  What  a  smuggler  was 
doing  at  a  spot  so  far  inland  does  not  appear  ;  but 
the  leap,  though  a  nervous  one,  would  be  by  no 
means  impossible.  The  water,  leaping  in  a  series  of 
cascades  into  a  circular  basin  nearly  20  feet 
across,  whose  arched  roof  speaks  of  the  excavating 
power  of  its  swirling  motion,  dashes  along  its  narrow 
course  in  an  amber  stream,  breaking  into  foam  at  the 
corners,  where  it  is  hollowing  out  pot-holes,  until, 
beyond  Mr.  Radford's  estate,  it  leaps  over  the  loo- 
foot  cascade  that  is  said  to  be  the  finest  in  the  South 
of  England.  After  an  exceptionally  dry  season,  this 
sliding  stream  of  white  foam — lor  it  is  not  strictly  a 
fall — coming  without  any  particular  force  over  a  bare 
ledge  of  reddish-grey  rocks  in  the  middle  of  a  wooded 
valley,  was  disappointing.  There  are  dozens  of  better 
falls  in  the  Lake  country  :  but  comparisons  are 
odious. 

Without  lingering  to  examine  the  scanty  remains  of 
Lydford  Castle,  or  the  church  of  the  parish  that,  in- 
cluding Dartmoor,  is  the  largest  and  the  most  thinly 
populated  in  the  county,  having  less  than  3000  souls 
to  its  55,000  acres,  we  "  made  tracks  "  for  Brent  Tor. 
The  three-mile  walk  from  Lydford  station  to  the 
volcano  was  not  of  particular  interest.  Lydlord  being 
about  660  feet  above  sea-level,  and  the  summit  of  the 
Tor  1 1 14,  it  involves  an  ascent  of  450  'eei,  about  half 
of  which  is  included  in  the  last  quarter  of  a  mile. 
Misled  by  guide  bo^iks  we  were  anathematibing  the 
vagaries  of  Devonshire  arrangements  that  put  inns 
five  miles  or  more  apart  en  Dartmoor,  and  placed 
the  "Herring's  Arms"  and  the  "Stag's  Head" 
within  a  stone's-throw  of  one  another  below  Brent 
Tor,  when  we  discovered  that  the  latter,  where  the 
key  of  the  church  is  kept,  is  merely  a  house,  quaintly 
so  named,  and  no  inn.  Close  by  is  a  manganese 
mine  that  has  had  a  chequered  prosperity,  the  ore 
from  the  30  fathom  shaft  of  which  seemed,  however, 
to  be  ol  a  fine  quality. 

The  climb  up  the  absolutely  treeless  hill  is  a  stiiT 
one,  but  the  view  from  the  churchyard  at  the  summit 
amply  repays  one  for  the  trouble.  The  conical  mass 
of  basalt,  pumice,  and  scoria,  cannot,  it  seems,  be 
truly  considered  as  an  entire  volcano  in  miniature  ; 
but  apparently  the  burnt  appearance  of  its  rocks  gave 
it  the  name  of  Brent  and  suggested  to  the  Normans 
that  it  might  be  well  to  curb  any  fiery  evil  spirits 
beneath  by  placing  a  church  dedicated  to  St.  Michael 
on  the  hilltop.  This  unpretentious  edifice,  the  chief 
scene  of  Mr.  Baring  Gould's  weird  tale  of  "  Margaret 
Gwither,"  published  in  the  Cornhill  Magazine  for 
1SS4,  is  40  feet  long  and  14  in  width.  One  bell 
having  fallen,  the  rest  have  been  removed,  and  the 
belfry  tower,  which  is  separated  by  but  one  single 
stone  from  the  precipitous  scarp  of  the  hill,  has  been 
boarded  up.  Service  is,  however,  peiformed  regularly 
in  the  white-washed  interior  and  in  the  summer  many 
people  drive  to  it,  whilst  the  sexton  bore  witness  to 
various  recent  marriages,  and  the  tombstones  to 
recent  burials,  at  this  inconveniently  "  high  "  church. 
Wild  Thyme  grew  on  the  ledges  of  the  rock,  and  As- 
plenium  Adiantum-nigrum  in  its  crevices ;  to  the  east 
stretched  a  panorama  of  western  Dartmoor  ;  whilst 
in   the    distance,    in   other   direction^,    rose    Brown 


November  14,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


619 


Willy,  and  many  another  Cornish   hill,   surmounted 
by  chimney-shaft  afier  chimney-shaft. 

After  tea  at  the  "  Stag's  Head  "  we  walked  to 
Mary  Tavy  Station,  noting  Erica  tetralix  and  plenty 
of  lilechnum  en  toittc,  and  also  that  the  outermost  of 
some  Larch  plantations  had  sulT;red  much  on  their 
windward  side  ;  and,  on  our  arrival  once  more 
at  our  Tavistock  hotel,  though  days  spent  in  the  open 
air  are  conducive  to  drowsiness,  we  beguiled  an  hour 
or  two  with  the  local  guide-book  (by  a  lady),  con- 
taining a  list  of  the  "  Botanical  Plants  of  Uartmoor," 
and  at  least  one  autograph  pencil  note  by  Douglas 
Jerrold.  The  lady  describing  how  a  shower  of  tain 
damped  the  ardour  of  a  party  of  archreologists  dis- 
cussing the  lioman  or  Crecian  origin  of  some  remains, 
Jerrold  writes,  "  It  washed  all  the  grease  out  of  us." 

(To  he  em  a  lined.) 


AMERICAN    FLORICULTURE. 

There  are,  it  was  stated  by  the  President  at  the 
recent  convention  of  the  Society  of  American  Florists, 
not  fewer  than  Sooo  florists  engaged  in  the  business, 
either  growing  plants  or  raising  cut  flowers  for  sale. 
Allowing  400  feet  of  glass-covered  surface  to  each 
florist,  gives  us  a  total  of  3,200,000  square  feet  ;  in 
other  words,  6jo  acres.  Calculating  that  half  of  the 
glass  structures  are  used  for  growing  plants,  and  that 
one-ihird  of  the  space  is  actually  covered  with  them, 
and  averaging  the  size  of  pots  used  at  3  inches 
diameter,  and  allowing  two  crops  each  year,  the 
number  of  plants  would  be  about  40,000,000. 

The  remaining  half  of  the  glass  structures  are  used 
for  the  purpose  of  growing  cut  flowers  ;  the  actual 
number  produced  is  almost  incredible.  I  can  state, 
however,  that  during  the  past  season — beginning  with 
November  and  ending  with  .\pril— nine  large  growers 
of  Roses  sent  into  the  New  York  market  close  upon 
4,000,000  of  flowers,  and  when  I  state  that  this  was 
not  50  per  cent,  of  the  Roses  sent  to  New  York 
alone,  the  magnitude  of  Rjse  growing  will  be 
imagined.  The  Roses  grown  around  Boston,  Phila- 
delphia, Pilt.-burg,  Cleveland,  Chicago,  Washing- 
ton, and  all  other  places,  could  not  be  less  than  twice 
as  many  as  were  produced  for  the  New  York  market. 
This  would  bring  up  the  number  of  cut  Roses  pro- 
duced during  the  past  season  to  24,000,000.  It 
would  be  very  safe  to  multiply  the  number  of  Carna- 
tion flowers  produced  in  the  same  time  from  all 
sources  by  at  least  five  ;  this  would  give  125,000,000. 
Fabulous  as  this  may  seem,  I  feel  that  my  calcula- 
tions are  rather  under  than  over  the  actual  number 
placed  in  the  market.  It  would,  moreover,  be  very 
safe  to  state  that  at  least  one-fourth  as  many  Roses 
and  Carnations  are  annually  raised  by  gentlemen  for 
their  own  enjoyment,  which  represents  as  much  value 
as  if  thrown  on  the  market  and  sold  over  the  counter. 
Of  various  other  flowers,  though  not  in  the  same  pro- 
portion, there  are  produced  many  millions. 

The  bulb  trade,  the  bulk  of  which  is  represented 
by  importation,  has  grown  to  be  a  source  of  great 
value  to  the  business,  and  as  there  is  a  duty  of  20  per 
cent,  on  all  bulbs  imported,  it  is  a  source  of  revenue 
to  the  country  also  ;  and,  while  I  have  no  actual 
data  to  make  a  close  estimate  of  the  value  imported 
last  season,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  not  less  than  200,000 
dollars'  worth  were  actually  imported  in  the  last  twelve 
months  —  the  bulk  of  these  being  Hyacinths  and 
Tulips,  more  than  one-half  being  used  to  force  for 
cut  flowers  :  this  does  not  include  more  than  5,000,000 
of  Lilies  of  the  Valley,  which  are  not  dutiable. 

Thus  far  I  have  not  said  anything  about  a  very  im- 
portant branch  of  the  business,  or  those  engaged  in  it. 
I  refer  to  that  branch  known  as  the  florists'  supplies 
and  requisites,  which  has  grown  to  be  a  most  im- 
portant factor  in  the  trade.  The  number  engaged  is 
estimated  at  700.  The  most  important  articles  are 
shapes  for  floral  designs,  such  as  ornamental  baskets, 
vases  in  glass  and  porcelain,  and  other  wares  ;  wire 
work,  holders  for  bouquets,  tinfoil,  wire  for  stemming, 
different  papers  for  packing  and  wrapping  flowers, 
and  other  articles  used  in  the  business.  The  actual 
amount  of  capital  invested  in  this  branch  of  our  busi- 
ness \i  in  the  aggregate  many  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars,  employing  more  labour  in  proportion  than 
does  the  florist  proper,  paying  in  many  cases  enor- 
mous rents  for  their  accommodation.  Most  of  those 
engaged  in  this  branch  have  other  business  relations, 
either  as  seedsmen  or  dealers  in  bulbs  or  cut- flowers. 
Then  we  have  the  army  of  cut-flower  men,  those  who 
are  not  producers,  but  make  a  business  entirely  of 


selling  flowers,  either  made  into  shapes  or  loosely. 
This  is  a  growin,^  branch,  and  to-day  there  ate  not 
less  than  2000  employed  in  it. 

The  land  occupied  with  flowering  plants  and  bulbs 
of  all  kindi  scattered  over  the  country  must  aggregate 
at  least  12.000  acres,  in  addition  to  several  thousand 
acres  used  for  growing  llower-seeds.  This  is  account- 
ing only  for  land  so  occupied  in  America.  It  would 
not  be  too  much  to  say  that  fully  half  as  much  land  in 
Europe  is  also  used  in  the  same  manner  for  the 
American  trade.  In  addition  to  this  there  is  nearly 
as  much  area  of  land,  and  as  much  glass,  and  more 
than  half  as  much  labour  devoted  to  the  cultivation 
of  flowers  by  gentlemen  who  can  make  a  pleasure  of 
so  doing  ;  yet,  with  all  this,  the  florists  and  gentle- 
men growers  of  America  have  been  unrepresented  by 
any  organisation  until  the  Society  of  American 
Florists  was> 'established.  Just  think  of  an  industry 
of  such  magnitude  without  a  voice  or  a  word  in  its 
own  interest ! 


TELPHERAGE. 


On  the  I7ih  ult.  the  first  line  foi  the  conveyance 
of  goods  by  the  electrical  system  invented  by  the  late 
PiofessorFieemingJenkin,  and  entitled  "Telpherage," 
was  foimally  opened  at  G'ynde,  near  Lewes.  The 
system  was  fully  described  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
Society  by  the  inventor  on  May  14,  18S4,  but  the 
details  have  been  somewhat  modified  since  that  date. 
The  line  is  a  double  one,  nearly  a  mile  in  length,  and 
is  composed  of  two  sets  of  iUel  rods,  three-quarters 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  supported  on  wooden  posts  of 
T-shape,  and  about  18  feet  high.  The  wires  are 
supported  one  on  eilher  end  of  the  cross-piece  of  the 
T.  which  is  S  feet  lontj.  The  carriers,  or  skips,  as 
they  are  technicilfy  termed,  are  iron  trough-shaped 
buckets,  each  holiling  about  2  cwt.,  and  suspended 
from  the  line  by  a  light  iron  frame,  at  the  upper  end 
of  which  is  a  pair  of  grooved  wheels  running  on  the 
line  of  rods.  A  train  is  made  up  of  ten  of  these 
skips,  which  are  in  electrical  connection  with  each 
other,  and  with  an  electrical  motor  which  is  placed  in 
the  middle  of  the  train,  having  five  skips  in  front  of 
and  five  behind  it.  At  a  point  about  midway  of  the 
length  of  the  line  is  the  engine-house,  in  which  is  a 
steam-engine  which  drives  the  dynamos.  From  these 
latter  the  current  is  led  to  ihe  line,  and  thus  to  the 
electrical  motor  which  moves  the  train.  The  use  to 
which  the  line  is  put  is  to  carry  clay  from  a  pit  to  the 
Glynde  railway  siding,  whence  it  is  delivered  into 
trucks,  and  transported  by  rail  to  the  works  of  the 
Newhaven  Cement  Company.  At  the  charging  end 
of  the  telpher  line  the  skips  are  loaded  each  with 
about  2  cwt.  of  clay,  the  train  thus  carrying  i  ton. 
A  labourer,  by  touching  a  key,  starts  the  train,  which 
travels  at  a  speed  of  from  four  to  five  miles  an  hour 
along  the  overhead  line  to  the  Glynde  station. 
Arrived  there  another  labourer  upsets  each  skip  as  it 
passes  over  a  railway  truck,  into  which  the  clay  is 
thus  loaded.  Tnis  upsetting,  however,  is  eventually 
to  be  performed  automatically  by  means  of  a  lever  on 
each  skip,  which  will  come  in  contact  with  a  project- 
ing arm  as  it  passes  over  the  truck,  "Jouinal  of  the 
Society  of  Afts. 


Odontoglosium  Uro-Skinneii,   very  large  and   deep  in 

colour. 
Pleione  lagenaria,    flowers  larger  and  higher  coloured 
than  usual. 
, ,     Reiclienbachiana. 
,,     maculata, 
Oncidium  tigrinum,  labellum  large. 
Odonloglossuni  Rossii  niajus,  a  grand  form  of  it. 
..     grande. 

,,     madrense  (maxill.re). 

,,     various  plants  of   crispum  (Alexandrre)  ;    on  one 
strong  spike  we  noimted  six  lateral  branches, 
on  another  twenty  flowers, 
Epidendrum  viiellinum,  a  grand  specimen. 
Various  Masdevallias,  M.  Davisii  and  M.  Veitchii  being 

in  fine  form. 
Cypripediunis  were  also  varied,  the  best  being  C.  mag- 
nlficum  (Spicerianum  magnificum),  and  the  true  C. 
Maulei. 
Catileya  marginata,  a  bright  coloured  form. 

,,     maxima,  with  two  spikes. 
Maxillaria  lepidota. 
Miltonia  Moreliana  var.  atronibens. 
Stenia  fimbriata. 
Promenasa  citrina. 
Sarcanthus  terelifolius  ? 

A  btautilul  seedling  Zygopelalum,  with  deeply  coloured 
sepals,  and  a  beautifully  marked  labellum,  looks  as 
if  it  might  be  intermediate  between  Z.   maxillaria 
and  2.  Mackayi. 
Ccelogyne  ocellata  var.  maxima,  showing  four  spikes. 

,,     barbala,  five  spikes. 
Vanda  tricol&r.  Dalkeith  variety. 

,,     coerulea,  Barford  Lodge  variety,  enormous  blooms. 
,,     Cathcartii,   5  feet  hi^h,  showing  three   fine  long 
spikes. 
Cynibidium  elegans,  with  five  large  partially  pendulous 

spikes  oi  lemon-coloured  flowers,  exceedmgly  fine. 
Robert  Bnllcn. 


FERNFIELD,    BRIDGE    OF 

ALLAN. 

This  small  but  marvellous  collection  of  rare  Orchids 
is  well  worth  a  long  pilgrimage  to  see,  even  at  this 
season,  for  if  you  arrive  cold  the  Doctor  will  see  to  it 
that  you  are  properly  dispensed  for.  The  following, 
although  not  a  complete  list  of  those  in  bloom,  or 
coming  into  bloom,  includes  the  more  important 
species,  the  varieties  of  which  have  been  selected  with 
the  greatest  care.  Dr.  pAterson  believes  in  coul  treat- 
ment throughout  ;  the  three  or  four  compartments 
into  which  his  range  of  Orchid-houses  is  divided. 
Jndian,  Brazilian,  Mexican,  and  numerous  species 
from  the  South  American  Andes,  are  all  thoroughly 
well  grown  in  a  temperature  in  which  a  weak*chested 
person  can  delight,  and  where  the  strong  could  take 
no  harm.  There  are  a  few  Indian  species,  such  as 
Phalpsnopsis  grandifiora,  P.  amabllis,  &c.,  also  various 
Siccolabiuras,  Aerides,  and  many  others  which  could 
be  named  that  are  found  from  experience  not  to  suc- 
ceed here.  A  list  of  such  as  are  grown  would  be  a 
valuable  and  safe  guide  to  many  amateurs  and  other?, 
seeing  that  those  only  are  grown  which  succeed  :  — 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

.     (Coiitimitdfromf.  5S9.) 
ODONTOGLASSUM    CRISI'UM  ScnKOEDERI.\NlIM.— 

I  hardly  know  whether  this  grand  and  distinct  Odont- 
oglossum  should  be  put  with  the  crispums,  as  it  shows 
so  many  strange  features,  the  profusely  maroon-spotted 
lip  especially  being  so  unlike  any  other.  The  sepals 
and  petals  are  white,  profusely  blotched  with  purplish- 
crimson.  This  very  lovely  variety  was  awarded  a 
First  class  Certificate  when  Baron  Schroeder  sent  it  to 
the  Koyal  Horticultural  Society  in  January,  1SS5. 

O.  c.  GoLDRINGi.l.NUM. — A  superb  variety,  with 
finely-formed,  broad-petalled  flowers  ;  sepals  and 
petals  snow-white,  lip  chestnut  edged  with  white, 
column  daik  purple.  —  R.  11.  Measures,  Esq  , 
Slreatham. 

O.  c.  AUREU.M.— This  is  a  very  charming  plant, 
with  all  the  characteristics  of  an  ordinary  crispum, 
except  that  its  flowers  are  soft  canary-yellow  instead 
of  white  ;  the  sepals  are  spotted  with  reddish-brown. 
F.  A.  Philbiick,  Esq.,  was  awarded  a  First-class 
Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
in  February,  1S84. 

O.  c.  AUREUM  MAGNIFICIJM  flowered  with  Mr. 
Dorman.  It  has  a  white  ground,  edged  with  light 
yellow,  and  having  reddish-brown  spots.  A  very 
distinct  plant,  with  a  light  trace  of  O.  Andersonianum 
in  it, 

O.  c.  FLAVEOLUM  is  another  bright  light  yellow 
variety  ;  it  is  unspotted,  and  can  only  be  called  a 
good  yellow  crispum.  The  best  form  I  have  seen  is 
with  George  Hardy,  Esq.,  at  Timperley. 

O.  c.  Lehmanii  is  a  curious  and  pretty  small- 
flowered  variety,  intermediate  in  form  between  O, 
crispum  and  O.  Pescatorei. 

The  following  varieties  seem  nearer  to  O.  crispum 
than  to  any  other  species  :  — 

O.  Measuresianum. — This  exquisite  thing  is  as 
puzzling  as  it  is  beautiful.  It  is  certainly  one  of  the 
best  maiked  Odontoglots  ;  in  general  appearance  like 
O.  Pollettianum,  but  by  the  column  and  crest  much 
nearer  to  crispum  than  that  variety.  O.  Measures- 
ianum has  tlowers  of  medium  size  with  the  greater 
part  of  their  sutfrce  blotched  and  spotted  with  a  bright 
vinous  criniion.  The  ground  colour  is  white  shaded 
with  rose.  When  this  handsome  variety  gets  strong 
it  will  ptove  wonderfully  beautiful  and  distinct.  It 
flowered  with  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  of  Streatham. 

O.  IIOKiMANiI. — This  rare  variety  is  very  hand- 
some ;  its  flowers  have  a  white  ground  changing 
to  pale  yellow,  sepals  and  petals  richly  blotched  with 
bright  red.  It  was  named  after  Mr.  Fred.  Ilorsman, 
of  Colchester,  who  collected  it, 


620 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


INOVMUKK    14.     iSX; 


O.  Shuttleworthii.— This  is  a  superb  kind,  in 
form  a  decided  pure  white-grounded  crispum,  with 
the  pretty  brown  markings  which  give  it  at  first 
glance  the  appearance  of  Wilckeanum  albens.  Its 
column  and  crest  differ  slightly  from  crispum,  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.  were  the  lucky  importers 
of  it,  and  they  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it 
at  tl  e  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  April,  1SS4. 

O.  Chestertoni. — This  plant,  which  was  named 
after  the  late  J.  H.  Chesterton,  the  botanical 
collector,  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  March,  1S76.  The 
true  variety,  such  as  that  now  at  Baron  Schroeder's, 
has  medium  sized,  rather  curled  Bowers,  white, 
changing  to  pale  yellow,  and  prettily  marked  with 
reddish-brown. 

O.  PRIONOPETALON.— This  ij  One  of  the  grandest 
of  Odontoglossums,  and  it  appears  to  bear  traces  of 
O.  triumphans  on  a  finely  formed  O.  crispum. 
Flowers  very  large,  cream-coloured  on  a  primrose 
ground,  heavily  barred  with  bright  chestnut.  The 
peculiarity  of  the  variety  is  the  enlargement  of  the 
petals  and  their  saw-like  edges.  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence 
first  flowered  it,  and  still  has  the  very  best  variety. 

O.  ScoTTiI  is  something  like  O.  prionopetalon, 
having  also  jagged-edged  petals,  but  more  irregularly 
marked.  The  crest  bears  traces  o(  O.  Hallii.  It  is 
moreover  a  grand  variety.  It  was  exhibited  by  G.  F. 
Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Heatherbank,  Weybridge,  and 
received  a  First-ckass  Certificate  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  February,  iSSj. 

O.  EUGENES. — This  grand  Orchid  should  perhaps 
have  been  placed  next  to  O.  excellens,  a  glance  at 
which  at  p.  241  will  give  a  good  idea  of  its  loveliness. 
O.  eugenes  has  pale  yellow  sepals  and  petals  marked 
with  bright  reddish-brown,  lip  white,  with  yellow 
and  crimson  at  the  base.  It  is  said  to  be  a  Pesca- 
torei  hybrid,  but  it  might  easily  be  out  of  crispum  by 
the  lip  and  column.  Mr,  Stevens,  of  Trentham,  was 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  July,  18S3, 

O.  HACROSPiLUM. — I  think  this  is  close  on  O. 
crispum,  although  it  has  a  suspicion  of  O.  Anderson- 
ianum.  It  has  large  flowers,  with  sepals  and  petals 
of  a  firm  texture,  creamy-white  to  light  sulphur, 
spotted  with  dark  cinnamon.  It  is  very  attractive. 
One  of  Mr.  B.  S,  Williams'  introductions.  James 
O'Brien. 

(To  h-  .-,.«//«»,■,/.) 


A    COMMON    EDIBLE    MUSH- 
ROOM. 

Agaricus  odorus,  Bti.'/— At  p.  460  a  descrip- 
tion and  illustration  are  given  of  an  edible  Mushroom 
named  Agaricus  rubescens,  P.  The  plant  now  before 
us,  Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  odorus,  E.,  is,  in  comparison 
with  A.  rubescens.  P.,  very  simple  in  structure.  With 
a  slight  amount  of  observation  it  is  impossible  to 
mistake  it  for  any  other  species. 

Agaricus  odorus,  of  Bulliardi,  grows  in  woods;  it  is 
common  in  Fir  plantations  amongst  Fir  needles  (see 
base  of  stem).  Unlike  A.  rubescens.  P.,  A.  odorus, 
Bull,  has  neither  volva  at  the  base,  collar  round  the 
middle  of  the  stem,  or  patches  on  the  top.  The  gills 
are  adnate,  or  slightly  decurrent,  that  is,  the  gills 
touch  the  stem,  and  run  very  slightly  down  it  {see 
section).  The  stem  is  generally  sub-bulbous.  The 
tap  or  pileus  is  not  viscid  ;  it  is  dull  bluish-green,  ot 
dirty  green  in  colour,  the  solid  or  stuffed  stem  and 
gills  are  whitish,  pallid,  or  very  pale  dull  green, 
A,  odorus  is  highly  fragrant ;  it  smells  strongly 
of  almonds,  Melilot,  Aniseed,  new  mown  hay,  or 
Meadow-sweet.  The  plant  may  often  be  detected  by 
its  odour  some  time  before  it  is  seen,  and  the  pleasant 
fragrance  remains  with  the  fungus  a  long  time  after  it 
has  been  dried.  The  spores  are  white,  and  when 
magnified  500  diameters,  are  seen  as  on  the  left  of  the 
illustration  (fig.  141.) 

In  cooking  A.  odorus  it  is  only  necessary  to 
remove  any  dirt  and  cut  and  fry  in  butter,  or  with 
meat,  in  the  style  of  preparing  the  common  Mush- 
room for  the  table.  The  flesh  is  very  tender,  with  a 
taste  slightly  suggestive  of  its  enticing  odour.  A 
taste  may  soon  be  acquired  for  the  delicious  and  novel 
flavour  of  this  Agaric. 

There  are  several  other  bluish  or  dull  green 
Agarics,  as  A.  virosus,  Fries— this  has  an  offensive 
foetid  odour ;  A.  aruginosus,  Curtis,  this  at  first  has  a 
viscid,  sometimes  scaly  top,  the  stem  is  hollow  and 
has  a  collar,  and  the  gills  are  deepish  brown  or 
purple-brown  in  colour.     It  has  a  disagreeable  smell. 


Allied  to  this  are  A.  Worthingtonii,  Fries,  and  A. 
albo-cyaneus,  Desm.  Agaricus  nudus,  Bulliardi,  is  a 
large  species,  and  not  scented. 

Some  edible  species  of  Russula  are  greenish,  as 
Russula  virescens,  Fries,  and  R.  heterophylla,  Fr.  ; 
neither  are  fragrant. 

The  large  subgenus  to  which  A,  odorus  belongs 
—  viz.,  Clitocybe— is  an  eminently  safe  one.  It 
is  probable  that  nearly  all  the  species  are  either 
edible  or  non-poisonous.  There  is  an  edible  ally  in 
Agaricus  fragrans.  Sow.  It  grows  in  woods,  is  much 
like  A.  odorus  in  its  forms  and  parts,  but  is  pallid 
white  in  colour.  It  is  fragrant,  but  not  to  such  a 
high  degree  as  A.  odorus,  Bull,  Several  other  species 
of  Clitocybe  are  faintly  scented  and  edible,  JV.  G, 
Smil/i. 


A   GREAT   ORCHID   SALE. 

The  disposal  by  auction  o(  the  superb  collection 
of  Orchids  of  the  late  Mrs,  M.  J,  Morgan,  of  New 
York,  and  who  had  selected  the  very  choicest 
varieties,  has,  says  the  American  Florist,  made  one  of 
the  most  important  distributions  in  American  flori- 
culture. Many  lots  went  for  less  than  a  quarter  of 
their  v.alue,  yet,  when  we  consider  how  much  spirit 
was   displayed    in  bidding  and  the    very  fair  prices 


Court,  representing  Veitch  &  Sons,  London,  Eng- 
land ;  and  E.  McKenzie,  representing  Sander  & 
Sons,  St.  Albans,  England. 

The  most  important  purchases  made  by  Mr.  Court 
were  Aerides  expansum  Leonis,  70  dols.  ;  Aerides 
Veitchii,  35  dols.  ;  Cattleya  Skinneri  alba,  the  best 
plant  in  cultivation,  200  dols.  ;  Cattleya  sp. ,  So  dols.  ; 
Cattleya  Dominiana,  55  dols.  ;  Cattleya  labiata, 
90  dols.  ;  Cattleya  Mastersiana,  90  dols.  ;  two 
Cattleya  fausta  delicata,  145  dols.  ;  Cypripedium 
Morganianum,  a  hybrid  of  Messrs.  Veitch,  and  which 
was  presented  by  them  to  Mrs.  Morgan,  750  dols. 
This  is  the  largest  plant  in  cultivation,  there  being 
only  a  very  few  of  any  size.  When  this  plant  was 
offered  a  supreme  stillness  pervaded  the  room.  As 
was  expected,  a  severe  fight  was  made  for  it.  Mr. 
Kimball  started  with  100  dols.,  he  and  Mr.  Grey, 
Mr.  Coming's  gr. ,  bidding  by  50  dols.  up  to  500 
dols.  ;  Mr.  Court  and  Mr.  McKenzie  then  fought 
until  the  plant  was  sold  to  Mr.  Court  for  750  dols. 
.\pplause  followed  the  purchase.  The  plant  would 
have  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Court  even  if  the  price  had 
reached  1500  dols.  The  next  important  purchase  by 
Mr.  Court  was  Cypripedium  Stonei  platytisnium, 
450  dols.  ;  C.  Fairrieanum,  100  dols.  ;  and  many 
other  very  rare  plants. 

Mr.    McKenzie,    for    Messrs.    Sander,    purchased 


Fig.  141.— agaricus  odorus,  bulliardi. 


obtained,  it  goes  to  prove  that  the  love  lor  Orchids  is 
much  stronger  than  ever.  We  have  to  admit  that 
the  plants  did  not  realise  their  full  value,  taking  into 
account  prices  obtained  for  such  like  plants  in  Europe, 
The  collection  cost  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
200,000  dols.  The  total  amount  of  the  sale  was 
about  22,000  dols.  This  is,  of  course,  a  great  sacri- 
fice, and  may  be  accounted  for  in  various  ways. 
Many  of  the  plants  were  purchased  when  there  was 
not  more  than  a  dozen  of  each  to  be  had  at  any  cost, 
since  which  time  importations  of  large  quantities  has 
reduced  the  value ;  again,  there  are  but  very  few 
trade  collections  of  Orchids  formed  in  America  where 
such  valuable  plants  could  be  stored,  until  in  turn 
they  would  agam  find  their  way  into  private  collec- 
tions. 

The  sale  was  advertised  for  two  days,  but  was  con- 
tinued over  four  days.  The  number  of  lots  sold  on 
the  first  day  was  393  ;  the  second  day,  420 ;  the 
third  day,  620  ;  and  the  fourth  day,  300.  The  prin- 
cipal buyers  were  Jay  Gould,  Irvington  ;  Erastus 
Corning,  Albany  ;  C.  J.  Osborn,  New  York  ;  W.  S. 
Kimball,  Rochester;  S.  S.  Bain,  Montreal;  De 
Witt  S.  Smith,  Lee,  Mass.  ;  Seibricht  &  Wadley, 
New  York  ;  Wm.  Matthews,  Utica  ;  George  Such, 
New  Jersey ;  F.  L.  Ames,  Boston  ;  H.  G.  Mar- 
quand.  New  Tersey  ;  W.  Barr,  Orange,  N.  J.  ; 
Robert  Garrett,  Baltimore  ;  L.  Menard,  Albany ; 
John  S.  Bush,  New  York  ;  H.  Graves,  New  Jersey ; 
F.  Scholes,  Brooklyn ;  J.  Cockcroft,  Connecticut ; 
L.  Pratt,  New  York  ;  C,  A.  Dana,  New  York  ;  W. 


among  other  rare  and  scarce  varieties  of  Aerides, 
Schrcederii,  80  dols.  ;  Cattleya  exoniensis,  250  dols. 
and  So  dols.  ;  Cattleya  labiata,  160  dols.,  96  dols., 
and  55  dols.  ;  Cattleya  fausta,  35  dols.  and  95  dols.  ; 
Ccelogyne  cristata  alba,  210  dols.  ;  three  Cattleya 
Louisiana,  60  dols  ,  iS  dols.,  and  16  dols,  ;  and 
several  others, 

Mr.  H.  Seibrecht,  of  Seibrecht  &  Wadley,  bought 
the  first  plant  and  the  last,  and  the  gem  of  the  collec- 
tion, Vanda  Sanderiana  ;  the  final  bid  of  900  dols.  was 
made  by  Mr.  Seibrecht,  and  amid  cheers  he  lifted  the 
plant  carefully  and  carried  it  off.  The  plant  cost 
originally  2000  dols.,  and  except  for  the  delay 
in  transit  of  instructions  from  England  it  would  have 
sold  for  more  than  the  original  cost  to  have  retained 
it  here.  The  plant  has  been  resold  to  C.  J.  Osborn 
at  a  considerable  advance.  The  next  lot  to  this, 
Vanda  suavis,  was  sold  to  Mr,  Kimball  for  400 
dols,  ;  Mr.  Kimball  bought  many  plants  at  high 
figures  and  good  bargains,  as  did  most  other  buyers. 
So  it  will  be  seen  the  plants  are  widely  scattered, 
many  of  which  will  be  as  much  appreciated  as  ever. 
The  pulse  of  the  sale  is  that  never  before  in  the  history 
of  Orchid  culture  with  us  has  there  been  anything 
like  the  enthusiasm.  It  shows  that  America  will 
soon  have  as  good  collections  of  Orchids  as  of  other 
plants,  and  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  we  can 
say,  every  city  has  one  or  more  representative  collec- 
tions of  Orchids.   American  Florist. 


Book   Received. —  Orchids,   the   Royal   family 
of  Plants,  by   Harriet  Stewart  Miner  (John  Slark, 

12,  Busly  Place,  Camden  Road,  N.W.). 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


621 


Itoiliata'   Jfloui^ra. 


THE    PELARGONIUM. 

TiiE  large  Bowered  varieties  are  easily  managed 
during  the  winter  months  ;  and  as  they  are  now  in  the 
resting  period,  they  must  not  be  excited  to  grow  freely. 
They  have  no  period  of  complete  rest,  as  large  and 
small  specimens  will  continue  to  grow  a  little  all 
through  the  winter.  Alluding  to  the  large  specimens 
first,  especially  those  that  have  to  be  in  full  beauty 
about  the  end  of  May,  these  ought  now  to  be  in  their 
flowering  pots,  and  if  they  have  not  yet  been  repotted 
this  ought  to  be  seen  to  without  a  moment's  delay. 

Let  the  plants  be  moist  at  the  roots,  but  they  ought 
on  no  account  to  be  very  wet  ;  when  repotted  place 
them  in  a  position  where  they  can  have  as  much  light 
and  air  under  and  over  them  as  possible  without  ex- 
posing them  to  high  winds. 

Give  them  no  water  at  this  season  for  a  week  or 
perhaps    ten    days  after   repotting  them  j  even  after 


that  all  had  been  done  that  man  could  do.  The 
florists  thought  the  Editor  was  wrong,  and  pursued 
their  work  steadily.  If  the  work  of  seedling  raising 
is  as  steadily  pursued  during  the  next  forty  years,  1 
doubt  not  that  quite  as  much  progress  will  be  made. 
If  any  one  can  "sail  on  an  another  tack,"  only  good 
will  result  from  it ;  I  had  a  good  try  to  produce  seeds 
from  intercrossing  the  Cape  species,  but  failed  to 
get  any. 

Our  winter-flowering  zonal  Pelargoniums  are  just 
coming  into  bloom,  and  they  promise  well.  The 
temperature  of  the  house  is  kept  up  to  50°  and  55", 
with  a  rather  dry  atmosphere.  The  plants  have  well 
filled  their  pots  with  roots,  and  as  they  are  in  full 
growth  they  require  a  good  supply  of  water  ;  an  occa- 
sional supply  of  liquid-manure  adds  richness  to  the 
colour  of  Uie  leaves  and  flowers.  Specimen  plants  or 
plants  of  any  size  wintered  in  a  house  from  which 
frost  is  just  excluded  will  require  scarcely  any  water 
during  winter  ;  give  none  until  the  soil  in  the  pots  is 
almost  dusty  dry. 

The  fancy  or  small-flowered  section  requires  the 
warmest  position  in  the  greenhouse,  and  the  potting 
soil  ought  to  be  rather  lighter ;  a  larger  proportion  of 


^'^vy 


m\ 


V_->3 


Fig.  142.— heleniu.m  autumnale,  with  stalked  flokets,  etc. 


the  roots  have  taken  firm  hold  of  the  potting  soil, 
water  very  sparingly.  It  is  of  considerable  importance 
that  the  glass  should  be  cleaned.  Plants  of  all  kinds 
under  glass  cannot  get  even  enough  light  up  to 
March.  Tie  a  piece  of  tarred  string  under  the 
rims  of  the  pots,  and  tie  the  young  growths  down  to 
it.  This  can  be  done  with  the  greatest  safety  when 
the  plants  are  dry  at  the  roots.  A  word  also  about 
seedlings.  They  may  also  be  shifted  into  their 
blooming  pots  now.  Some  leading  men  in  the  flori- 
cultural  world  have  said,  that  the  show  Pelargoniums 
cannot  be  much  further  improved.  My  own  opinion 
is  that  there  is  still  great  room  for  improvement, 
especially  in  the  habit  of  the  plants.  It  may  be 
interesting  10  read  what  was  stated  in  the  GarJciicri' 
Chronick  on  this  subject  forty  years  ago,  vol.  vii., 
p.  763  :— "  Hybridising  in  the  direction  followed  by 
the  raisers  of  Pelargoniums  has  reached  its  limits  ;  we 
have  obtained  all  the  results  that  are  attainable. 
Therefore  we  say,  gentlemen,  you  should  now  sail  on 
another  tack.  Put  your  ship  about ;  it  is  no  use  to 
cruise  any  longer  in  these  seas  ;  you  have  done  all 
that  men  can  do  in  this  quarter,  and  if  you  are  wise 
you  will  steer  in  another  direction."  The  same 
advice  has  been  repeatedly  tendered  to  the  florists 
during  the  period  which  has  intervened  since  the 
learned   Editor  of  the  Gardencii    Chroiiidi  thought 


sand  should  be  added  to  it,  and   some  pounded  char- 
coal, y .  Douglas. 


HELENIUM   AUTUMNALE. 

The  specimen  here  figured  (fig.  142)  was  kindly 
forwarded  to  us  some  time  since  by  the  Rev.  C. 
Wolley  Dod.  The  outer  or  ray-florets  were  on  long 
stalks,  instead  of  being  sessile,  as  usual  ;  the  corolla 
greenish,  destitute  of  stamens,  but  with  a  more  or  less 
leafy  pistil.  In  some  cases  within  the  outer  corolla 
was  a  second  petal-like  tube,  which,  when  cut  open, 
revealed  in  the  interior  a  small  secondary  flower-head 
raised  on  a  short  stalk,  so  that  the  general  tendencies 
of  the  flower-head  were  to  revert  to  the  vegetative 
condition,  as  shown  in  the  propensity  to  become 
green  and  to  branch. 


"  Letts'  Popular  Atlas  "  should  find  a  place 
in  every  garden  library.  The  maps  contain  a  large 
amount  of  information,  are  clearly  printed,  and 
issued  at  a  low  price.  In  one  of  the  recent  numbers 
is  given  a  map  of  the  Turkish  empire,  of  special 
interest  just  now,  and  in  another  a  good  geological 
map  of  England. 


ON   SOME  TEA   AND   NOISETTE   ROSES. 

There  is  always  danger  that  in  the  race  for 
exhibition  varieties  of  Roses,  some  kinds,  that  from 
one  cause  or  another,  especially  from  want  of  size  01 
lack  of  petals,  should  be  overlooked  ;  and  so  it  comes 
to  pass  that  it  is  needful  to  remind  lovers  of  a  garden 
that  there  are  amongst  these  classes,  which,  as  I  have 
already  said,  contains  the  best  and  most  enduring  of 
garden  Roses,  some  of  which  are  apt  to  be  neglected  ; 
they  cannot  be  called  button- hole  Roses — as  some  of 
them  are  too  large  for  that,  nor  exactly  garden  Roses — 
as  some  are  not  quite  vigorous  enough  for  it,  although 
there  are  many  of  them  that  might  be  classed  under 
both  these  classes.  They  might  perhaps  be  termed 
fragrant  Roses  ;  but  I  think  that  perhaps  that  which 
I  have  applied  to  them — non-exhibition  Roses — will 
be  more  inclusive  than  any  other ;  and  under  that 
title  I  shall  notice  them. 

Ma  Capiuinc. — This  is  a  most  charming  buttop- 
hole  Rose,  the  most  remarkable  in  colour  of  all  the 
Tea  Roses,  a  bright  orange-copper.  The  plant  is  not 
vigorous,  and  the  buds  are  very  small,  but  it  is  a  most 
attractive  »Rose,  and  is  an  instance  of  how  a  Rose 
may  be  overlooked.  Some  time  ago,  when  I  had 
noticed  it  elsewhere,  and  several  persons  had  desired 
to  obtain  it,  I  had  several  letters  to  ask  me  why  I 
recommended  a  Rose  which  no  one  seemed  to  have  ? 
Since  then  it  has  reappeared  in  several  catalogues.  It 
must  be  recollected  that  it  is  almost  a  single  Rose, 
and  very  suggestive  of  the  Austrian  Copper  j  but 
at  the  same  time  catch  it  in  the  bud  state,  and  I 
venture  to  say  ladies  especially  will  be  delighted 
with  it. 

Madatiii  falccl. — This  is  another  very  highly 
coloured  Bower,  large,  and  more  double  than  the  pre- 
ceding, but  at  the  same  time  one  on  which  no  depen- 
dence can  be  placed  for  exhibition,  neither  has  it  vigour 
enough  for  a  garden  Rose.  The  colour  is  a  deep  apricot 
with  a  tinge  of  orange  in  it  ;  it  is  very  beautiful  when 
in  a  half-open  state,  but  woe  to  the  exhibitor  who, 
tempted  by  the  beauty  of  its  appearance,  places  it  in  a 
stand  :  he  will  inevitably  find  it  staring  at  the  judges, 
and  wondering  what  they  are  looking  at  it  for. 

Bougire. — An  old  Rose,  more  than  fifty  years  in 
cultivation.  At  one  time  it  was  considered  quite  lit 
for  exhibition,  but  its  day  is  past  ;  it  is,  however,  still 
a  pleasing  Rose,  is  very  vigorous  in  growth,  and 
deserves  a  place  as  a  decorative  Rose.  It  does  best 
against  a  wall. 

Hoin^re  comes  near  to  being  an  exhibition  Rose, 
and  is  quite  deserving  of  a  place  in  the  garden  j  it  is 
very  vigorous,  and  when  it  its  proper  condition  an 
attractive  flower  ;  the  colour  is  white,  with  a  pink 
edge,  the  form  cupped,  and  the  edges  crimpled,  which 
give  it  a  very  distinct  appearance. 

Wiltiaiii  Allot  Ricliardson . — A  Rose  sometimes  said 
to  be  of  American  origin,  but  which  was,  I  believe, 
raised  by  the  Widow  Ducher  at  Lyons.  It  is  of  all 
others  the  most  attractive  as  a  button-hole  or  spray 
Rose,  being  fuller  than  Ma  Capucine,  and  consequently 
lasting  longer,  while  its  colour  is  very  taking ;  the  lower 
half  of  the  flower  is  of  a  deep  brilliant  orange,  and  the 
upper  half  white  ;  sometimes  the  orange  runs  up  the 
whole  of  the  petals,  but  when  in  its  real  character  the 
line  is  very  distinct.  Mr.  House,  of  Peterborough,  has 
brought  it  largely  before  the  public,  and  the  stands 
where  it  has  been  shown  have  always  had  a  large 
number  of  persons  standing  round,  captivated  by  its 
attractive  colouring;  it  is  very  vigorous  in  habit,  and 
free  in  blooming. 

Madame  Chcdane  Guinoisseati^  or,  as  it  is  more 
briefly  named  inPince's  catalogue,  MadameChedane— 
a  very  bright  and  pretty  Rose,  of  a  hrightyellow,  small, 
and  most  suitable  for  a  button-hole  or  spray  Rose  ;  it 
is  not  a  strong  grower,  and  cannot  be  called  a  garden 
Rose  ;  but  its  place  is  unquestionably  that  of  a  button- 
hole Rose,  for  which  it  is  admirably  adapted. 

The  foregoing  may  all  be  fairly  classed  as  Tea 
Roses,  although  the  last-named  variety  comes  very 
near  to  being  a  Noisette,  but  the  following  Roses 
must,  I  think,  with  the  exception  of  the  first,  be 
classed  amongst  the  Noisettes  ;  I  have  included  it 
with  them  because  of  its  climbing  character,  which  it 
shares  with  them,  and  which  is  one  of  their  charac- 
teristics. There  are  only  two  Noisette  Roses  which 
are    classed    amongst    exhibition    flowers    (Caroline 


622 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  18S5. 


Kuster  and  Marechal  Niel)  in  the  carefully  prepared 
catalogue  of  the  National  Rose  Society,  and  I  know 
that  some  question  whether  they  ought  not  rathe;  to 
be  classed  with  the  Noisettes. 

Ghire  de  Di/on.—l^  seems  ratlier  hard  upon  Ihi;, 
probably  the  most  extensively  grown  of  any  Rose  in 
cultivation,  that  it  should  be  excluded  from  the  list  o( 
exhibition  Roses  ;  (or  what  a  useful  Rose  it  is  !  — 
vigorous  in  growth,  enduring  all  kinds  of  treatment 
and  all  varieties  of  situations,  forcing  well,  covering 
walls,  climbing  up  pillars  facing  north,  east,  south,  or 
west,  it  seems  that  old  Glory  ol  John  can  never  be 
put  out  of  countenance  ;  it  beams  upon  you  from  all 
quarters,  and  rewards  iis  owner  with  abundance  of 
blooms  ;  it  withstands  the  extremes  of  cold  and  heat, 
and  is  everybody's  flower,  and  yet  it  came  up  as  a 
chance  seedling  in  the  garden  walk  of  the  nursery  of 
Jacotot  at  Dijon.  lis  parentage  is  unknown,  but 
Mr.  Girdlestone,  who  is  no  mean  authority,  suggests 
that  it  has  a  good  deal  of  Dourbon  blood  in  it,  indeed 
it  has  been  suggested  that  it  was  a  cross  between  a 
Tea  and  a  Bourbon  ;  but,  as. I  have  said,  its  parentage 
is  absolutely  unknown.  As  a  full-blown  Rose  it  is 
r  ough,  but  about  half  or'  three-quarters  open  it  is  very 
pretty.  It  is  a  free  seeder,  and  some  of  its  seedlings 
are  smoother  and  better  than  the  parent,  which,  how- 
ever, will  long  remain  in  its  present  position  as  the 
most  popular  and  widely  grown  of  yellow  or  quasi- 
yellow  I'loses.  Its  growth  is  straggling,  and  the 
shoots  not  well  covered  with  foliage. 

Celine  Forcslier.—TbK  is  a  very  abundant  flower- 
ing and  distinct  looking  Rose,  so  distinct  that  the 
merest  tyro  would  hardly  fail  to  recognise  it ;  so  good 
is  it  that  a  Portuguese  Rose  grower  has,  it  is  said, 
sent  out  a  second  edition  of  it,  under  the  name  of 
Lusiadas.  It  originated  with  FrouUiard,  the  foreman 
of  M.  Andre  Leroy,  at  Angers  ;  and  I  remember  well 
when  with  the  late  Mr.  S'.andish  at  that  charming  old 
French  town,  seeing  it  when  he  introduced  it,  and 
have  a  lively  recollection  of  the  complimentary  tea 
(not  Rose)  with  which  we  were  treated,  made  with 
cold  water.  The  Rose  is  very  vigorous  [But  lender. 
Ed],  and  continues  in  flower  a  long  while. 

Ainu'e  Vikrt. — .\  very  old  Noisette,  pure  white  in 
colour,  and  very  free  flowering,  and  almost  evergreen; 
one  seldom  sees  it  now,  but  it  ought  not  to  be 
neglected,  for  it  is  the  purest  white  climbing  Rose 
that  we  have. 

Lantayque.  —  This  somewhat  tender  Rose,  does 
well  in  the  Southern  Counties,  but  is  scarcely  hardy 
enough  for  cold  districts  ;  colour  white,  shaded  with 
yellow,  blooming  in  clusters  very  abundantly. 

Ophirie,  another  Rose  that  is  too  much  neglected 
as  a  climber,  for  it  is  one  that  blooms  abundantly  in 
the  autumn,  and  the  colour  is  bright,  being  a  deep 
apricot.  It  has  so  much  of  the  Tea  blood  in  it  that  it 
blooms  profusely  in  the  autumn,  and  is  altogether  a 
very  desirable  Rose. 

Rh'c  ,/'t);-.— This  I  regard,  taking  it  all  in  all,  as 
the  best  yellow  climber  that  we  have  ;  it  is  said  to 
have  been  raised  in  '.S69,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think 
it  was  a  year  later,  for  it  was  one  of  a  small  parcel 
which  came  to  me  from  Lyons  during  that  terrible 
year,  and  was  six  weeks  on  the  journey  :  it  however, 
survived,  and  was  planted  against  my  house,  of  which, 
as  I  have  said,  it  in  a  lew  years  covered  a  large  portion 
on  an  easterly  aspect,  and  reached  up  to  the  very  eaves. 
It  has  one  great  advantage  over  the  Roses  of  the  Gloire 
de  Dijon  type,  that  it  is  thoroughly  covered  with 
foliage  up  from  the  ground,  and  it  is  almost  ever- 
green. In  colour  it  approaches  to  Madame  Falcot  ; 
the  flower  is  not  very  full,  and  consequently  it  is 
best  in  a  half  or  three-quarter  opened  state.  I  have 
never  yet  seen  a  climbing  yellow  Rose  that  could 
compare  with  my  plant  previous  to  those  two  terrible 
winters  of  iSSo  and  18S1,  when  it  was  cut  down  to 
the  ground  ;  it  has,  however,  recovered  itself,  and 
will,  I  hope,  soon  occupy  the  same  space  as  before. 

Solfalene. — An  old  climbing  Rose,  semi-double, 
yellow,  and  exceedingly  free- flowering  ;  the  shoots  are 
long  and  straggling,  like  (_iloire  de  Dijon.  A  plant  of  it 
covers  the  south  front  of  a  house  close  to  me,  and  is 
always  early  and  profuse  in  flowering,  and  I  adhere  to 
my  opinion  that  the  best  yellow  climbing  Rose  is  Reve 
d'Or.  "  What  about  Marechal  Niel  ?"  some  one  will 
say.  Well,  I  do  not  believe  in  it  as  an  out-of-doors 
Rose  ;  it  will  only  grow  in  warm  situations,  and  there 
is  very  subject  to  mildew,  and  its  manner  of  drooping 
its  flowers  detracts  considerably  from  its  effect. 

I  would  desire  to  thank  your  correspondent  "  M." 
for  bringing  under  our  notice  the  new  Roses  of  my 
good   friends  the  Dicksons  of  Newtonards.     I  had, 


not  heard  of  them  before.  The  descriptions  sound  well, 
and  they  are  hones'  folks,  and,  like  St.  Patrick,  come 
of  "dacent  people."   IViU  Rose. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

AtriNE  Strawberry,  Quatre  Saisons.  — 
Mr.  Roberts  is  now  fruiting  a  considerable 
quantity  of  this  variety  within  the  glass-covered  Peach 
wall  at  Gunnersbury.  It  is  very  useful  indeed,  for 
furnishing  a  supply  of  Strawberries  at  this  season  of 
the  year.  The  fruit  are  of  good  size  for  an  alpine, 
and  colour  well,  though  they  would  probably  take  on 
a  better  colour  in  a  higher  temperature.  They  possess 
an  agreeable  fine  flavour.  It  is  also  a  free  bearer.  R.D. 

BeurrS  Foucqueray. 
This  is  a  newly  introduced  French  Pear,  of  the  first 
quality,  ripening  from  the  middle  of  October  to  the 
middle  of  November.  The  fruit  measures  4i  inches 
in  length  by  4  in  breadth,  is  pyriform,  obtuse,  with  a 
short  thick  stalk  set  in  a  rather  shallow  basin.  The 
skin  is  olive-green  speckled  with  brown  spots.  The 
flesh  is  white,  tender,  melting,  sweet  and  perfumed. 

BeurrS  de  l'Assomptio.". 
Mr.  Clackmore's  description  of  this  Pear  as  clur.ijy  and 
ugly,  with  a  bad  habit  of  growth  and  worse  texture,  has 
always  appeared  to  me  not  only  happy  but  true.  It  is 
pleasant  to  hear  from  Mr.  Wildsmith  that  it  is  not 
universally  so.  From  bush  trees  on  the  (Juince  the 
majority  of  the  fruit  are  irregularly  shaped,  not  to  say 
deformed.  The  flavour  is  sharply  piquant,  and  there 
is  quite  enough  grit  at  the  core.  In  Suffolk  I  have 
seen  it  grown  as  a  cordon  on  a  south  wall  with  very 
moderate  results.  It  was  a  shy  bearer,  and  the  fruit 
not  nearly  so  good  as  Williams'  or  even  Clapp's 
Favourite.  Tyson  is  another  belauded  early  sort  that 
falsifies  its  Yankee  reputation  in  East  Anglia,  where 
also  (I  am  speaking  of  the  neighbourhood  of  Bury  St. 
Edmund's)  Monchallard,  Beurre  Six,  Beurre  de  Bol- 
willer,  Beurre  Baltet  pere,  Comte  de  Paris,  General 
de  Lourmel,  and  others  I  could  mention,  only  cum- 
bered the  ground  and  deserved  none  of  the  praise  in 
the  Oirhaidisl.    C.  A.  M.  C. 

Golden  Nodle  and  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling 
Apples, 

The  matter  to  which  "  P."  drew  attention  in  a  for- 
mer number,  in  reference  to  the  coupling  of  these  two 
very  distinct  kinds  of  Apples  together  in  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  schedule,  was  commented  upon 
last  year,  when  it  was  explained  that  whilst  no  doubt 
existed  as  to  the  absolute  dissimilarity  of  these  kinds 
at  headquarters,  yet  that  having  been  sent  out  some 
years  since  somewhat  mixed  in  nomenclature  it  was 
still  held  best  so  to  class  them  in  the  schedule  because 
of  this  difliculty.  Probably  the  time  has  now  arrived 
when  former  mistakes  should  be  ignored,  for  no  one 
who  is  the  least  familiar  with  Apples  can  be  unaware 
which  is  which  of  the  two  kinds  named.  Certainly 
no  two  kinds  can  be  more  dissimilar  in  appearance  of 
fruit  and  in  style  of  tree.  Both  deserve  to  rank 
amongst  our  best  kitchen  kind?,  for  both  are  permanent 
croppers,  produce  good  sized  fruits,  and  both  keep 
well.  Of  the  two  I  think  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling 
the  most  prolific  and  best  lor  general  culture, 
indeed  it  may  be  termed  the  cottager's  Apple  /ar  ex- 
cellethc,  for  it  never  fails  to  fruit.  The  tree  is  com- 
pact habited,  and  rather  handsome  as  a  standard. 
Apples  of  the  kinds  under  consideration  are  most 
valuable  when  such  big  kinds  as  Warner's  King,  Lord 
Suffield,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  and  many  others  are 
rotten.  I  would  like  to  add  that  of  kinds  not  generally 
grown  two  have  fruited  here  with  me  on  free  grown 
trees  most  abundantly  this  season,  the  fruit  literally 
hanging  like  roped  Onions.  These  are  Norfolk 
Bearer,  medium-sized,  pretty  well  coloured  fruits, 
either  dessert  or  kitchen  ;  and  American  Mother,  a 
first-rate  dessert  kind.  Still  farther,  both  kinds  nearly 
always  fruit  well.  The  former  especially  should 
make  a  popular  market  Apple,  as  the  trees  do  not 
grow  large  and  therefore  occupy  but  limited  space. 
Nelson  Codlin,  again,  is  another  moderate  growing 
but  even  fruiting  kind,  which  deserves  a  place  in  any 
garden  as  a  fine  and  valuable  kitchen  kind.  .-/.  V  , 
Bedfont. 

Permit  me  to  inform  "P."  that  the  Royal 

Horticultural  Society  and  Dr.  Hogg  are  perfectly 
agreed  as  to  the  distinctive  characters  of  these  two 
Apples.     It    is   notorious,    however,    that  they   are 


often  confused  the  one  with  the  other.  At  the  Apple 
Congress  fully  one  half  of  the  examples  were  wrongly 
named.  In  the  schedule  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  to  which  "  P."  refers,  the  two  sorts  are  invited 
together,  so  as  to  prevent  disqualification  of  either  if 
exhibited  wrongly.  It  should  read,  Apple  Golden 
Noble  or  Apple  Waltham  Seedling,  so  as  to  have 
saved  "  P.'s  "  peace  of  mind.   B. 

BEURRfe   CLAIRGEAU, 

Why  is  prominence  given  to  this  Pear?  Such  of 
your  readers  as  are  commencing  the  growth  of  Pears 
will  be  led  astray,  and  believe  that  it  ought  to  take 
the  lead  in  their  selection  of  varieties  ;  but  is  it  ever 
eaten  by  a  Pear  grower?  It  ripens  at  the  height  of 
the  Pear  season  with  a  large  number  of  really  good 
Pears,  such  as  Doyenne  du  Cornice,  Marechal  de  la 
Cour,  Marie  Louise,  Thompson's,  Van  Mons'  Leon 
rClerc,  Comte  de  Flandres,  Passe  Colmar,  &c., 
which  are  always  good,  while  it  is  never  tolerable.  It 
is  described  in  Hogg's  Rtanual  as  of  third  quality  in 
a  list  where  hundreds  are  described  as  of  first  quality. 
A  Pear  of  even  second  quality  ought  not  to  be  grown 
now,  when  the  best  are  as  cheap  and  even  more  easily 
obtainable  than  the  worst.  The  main  object  of  a  con- 
ference on  Pears  should  be  to  weed  out  inlerior 
varieties,  not  to  give  undue  prominence  to  a 
variety  absolutely  worthless,  and  pander  to  a  vulgar 
taste  for  size  and  colour,  especially  when  the 
coarse  appearance  of  the  fruit  is  sulfi;ient  to  en- 
able a  judge  of  Pears  without  tasting  to  form  a  correct 
opinion  of  its  quality.  In  the  selection  of  a  well 
ordered  dessert  all  other  considerations  should  sub- 
serve flavour,  even  to  the  exclusion  of  a  Pitmaston 
Duchess  by  a  Marie  Louise.   Edmund  Tonks. 


SOLANUM    MAGLIA. 

In  your  observations  on  the  experiments  now 
being  conducted  at  Reading  by  the  Messrs.  Sutton  & 
Sons  with  a  view  to  obtaining  a  race  of  disease- 
resisting  Potatos  by  crossing  Solanum  Maglia  with 
some  of  the  forms  of  S.  tuberosum,  you  mention  that 
at  Kew  the  former  species  had  been  cultivated  for 
some  time,  but  without  producing  much  result  so  far 
as  tubers  are  concerned.  Permit  me  to  give  you  in 
brief  the  history  of  thi;  Potato  as  far  as  regards  its 
cultivation  at  Ivew.  As  has  already  been  stated  by 
Mr.  Baker  in  his  paper  on  the  tuber  bearing  species 
of  Solanum,  the  present  stock  of  S.  Maglia  at  I'Cew 
are  the  descendants  from  small  tubers  presented  to 
the  garden  by  Dr.  Sclater  in  1862.  It  is  also  stated 
by  Mr.  Baker  that  for  the  first  two  years  no  tubers 
were  produced  by  the  plants  when  grown  in  the  sandy 
soil  ol  the  nursery  garden,  but  evidently  this  must 
mean  no  large  tubers,  as  some,  however  small,  must 
have  been  produced  to  perpetuate  the  plant,  no  seeds 
having  ever  been  borne  by  this  species  under  cultiva- 
tion in  this  country  till  Messrs.  Sutton  last  year  ferti- 
lised its  flowers  with  pollen  from  a  variety  of  S. 
tuberosum.  From  the  year  1S62  till  the  present  this 
Solanum  has,  therefore,  been  preserved  alive  at 
Kew,  though  as  the  species  was  not  supposed  to  pos- 
sess any  valuable  tuber-producing  qualities  its  preser- 
vation in  the  collection  was  all  that  was  aimed  at,  and 
consequently  no  attempt  todevelopethesize  of  its  tubers 
was  made.  It  seems  only  fair,  therefore,  that  Kew 
should  be  credited  with  having  preserved  for  nearly  a 
quarter  ol  a  century  an  annual  plant  which  did  not 
produce  seeds,  and  which  had  long  since  perished  in 
all  other  collections  to  which  it  had  at  some  time 
been  introduced. 

Last  year  S.  Maglia  suddenly  sprang  into  promi- 
nence as  a  tuber-bearing  Potato,  mainly  owing  to  the 
exertions  of  Earl  Cathcart,  who  called  to  his  aid  Mr. 
Biker's  botanical  knowledge.  On  making  a  careful 
study  of  the  several  tuber-yielding  species  ol  Solanum, 
Mr.  Baker  perceived  at  once  that  "  Darwin's  Potato  " 
was  not  S.  tuberosum,  but  S.  Maglia,  and  that  some 
valuable  results  might  therefore  follow  from  experi- 
ments on  the  laber-yielding  capacity,  &c.,  of  this 
plant.  To  this  end  the  plants  at  Kew  were  planted 
in  prepared  soil,  but  not  till  after  the  season  was  well 
advanced,  so  that  the  yield  of  tubers  was  not  very 
encouraging,  so  far  at  least  as  regarded  size.  This 
year,  however,  an  early  start  was  made,  and  that  the 
result  has  been  good  you  will  be  able  to  judge  from 
the  specimens  of  the  tubers  forwarded  to  you  a  day 
or  two  ago. 

In  taking  up  the  plants  we  noticed  that  the  tubers 
were  none  of  them  at  a  less  depth  than  16  inches, 


NOVEMEEK   14,    iSS;.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


623 


whilit  some  of  iheni  were  nearly  2  feet  below  the 
surface.  In  digging  them  out  we  found  no  Potatos 
of  any  kind  in  the  top  "  spit  "  of  soil,  but  on  throv 
ing  out  a  second  spit  we  found  a  good  crop  of  tubers ; 
some  of  them  resting  directly  on  the  gravelly  subsoil 
2  feet  below  the  surface.  The  six  tubers  sent  you 
weighed  iS  ounces,  the  weight  of  the  Iarge:?t  one  being 
4i  oz.  You  will  observe  that  the  roots  on  the  plants 
sent  along  wiih  the  tubers  are  some  of  them  3  feet 
long,  and  that  they  gradually  thicken  towards  their 
extremities  instead  of  becoming  attenuated,  as  in  the 
cultivated  Potato.  These  thick  roots  or  "runners" 
grow  in  an  oblique  direction,  and  from  them  spring 
thinner  roots,  upon  which  the  tubers  are  developetl. 
This  habit  of  sending  its  roots  down  to  a  much  greater 
depth  than  is  done  by  S.  tuberosum,  and,  as  it  weie, 
burying  its  tubers  out  of  the  reach  of  harm  from 
excessive  drought  or  the  diseases  which  attack 
Potatos,  will  probably  be  of  importance  in  the  culti- 
vation of  whatever  forms  may  result  from  Messrs. 
Sutton's  experiments  ;  for  on  the  assumption  that  the 
Jensen  method  for  the  prevention  of  the  Potato  disease 
is  of  value,  a  Potato  which  naturally  buries  its  tubers 
a  foot  or  so  in  the  soil  would  be  of  importance  in  the 
amount  of  labour  it  would  save,  as  well  as  in  other 
ways.  In  conclusion  I  may  note  that  I  had  a  few 
tubers  of  Dirwin's  Potato  cooked  on  the  same  day  as 
they  were  taken  out  of  the  ground,  and  found  them 
watery,  rather  *'sticky,"  and  with  a  very  perceptible 
earthy  taste.  I  did  not  consider  them  good  eating. 
\V.  Watson,  Knv. 


The  flower  beds  will  have  been  put  in  order  for 
the  winter,  and,  where  bulbs  have  been  planted,  wiil 
require  a  sharp  look-out  for  rats  and  mice,  or  they 
will  soon  destroy  them  before  it  is  noticed.  I  find 
by  experience  it  is  far  best  to  put  down  mousetraps 
as  soon  as  the  bulbs  are  planted,  prevention  being 
better  than  cure,  for  once  they  get  a  taste  of  the  bulbs 
they  are  not  so  easily  caught  in  trap?.  Any  beds 
that  are  not  intended  to  be  furnished  for  the  winter 
should  be  manured  and  dug  or  trenched,  so  that  the 
soil  may  get  the  full  benefit  of  the  frost.  All  the  turf 
should  be  levelled  and  re-Iurfing  done  where  required  ; 
it  should  be  rolled  as  often  as  time  will  permit,  and 
if  lime  and  wood  ashes  are  strewn  over  it  the  tutf 
will  be  greatly  improved  next  season.  This  dressing 
will  kill  the  moss  and  destroy  grubs,  and  the  grass 
will  come  finer,  and  keep  a  good  colour.  Leaf 
raking  and  sweeping  occupy  the  greatest  part  of  the 
time  till  the  leaves  are  all  down.  The  leaves  should 
be  taken  care  of  for  leaf-mould,  as  it  is  of  great  value. 
When  the  leaves  are  all  down,  the  shrubbery  beds 
and  borders  should  be  dug  or  forked  over.  Sickly 
plants,  if  any,  should  be  looked  to,  and  fresh  soil  or 
manure  added  as  the  case  may  be.  American  shrubs 
thrive  best  in  peat  and  leaf-mould  mixed.  W^  Smythe^ 
Basing  Park^  Alton. 


}^^UIT3    -yNDEf^     "Q1.A33. 


PEACHES  AND   NECTARINES:    STARTING 
THE   HOUSE. 

If  these  fruits,  which  rank  so  high  in  the  limiicd 
number  of  choice  kinds  for  the  dessert  in  the  months 
of  May  and  June,  are  to  be  ripe  by  that  period,  it  will 
soon  be  time  to  encourage  growth  in  the  trees  that 
are  intended  for  the  purpose.  My  custom  is  to  close 
the  early  peachery  about  the  middle  of  November, 
and  during  the  first  fortnight  to  use  no  fire-heat 
whatever,  unless  frost  should  demand  it,  which  is 
not  very  often  the  case  at  this  time  of  the  year ;  on 
favourable  occasions  the  house  is  freely  aired,  and  the 
surfaces  about  the  house,  if  they  get  dry,  are  mois- 
tened occasionally,  and  the  trees  on  sunny  days 
are  sparingly  syringed.  About  December  i  we  begin 
with  the  usual  course  of  forcing  operations,  and  keep 
the  house  as  near  to  50^  as  possible  at  night,  and  55° 
or  60'^  during  the  day  by  artificial  means,  if  necessary; 
and  if  this  is  increased  by  solar  aid  we  ventilate 
slightly  at  65°,  and  let  it  range  to  75°,  and  close  up 
when  it  falls  to  65°  again.     At  this  time  the  trees  are 


lightly  syringed  ;  the  practice  of  syringing  the  trees 
often  and  heavily  before  growth  is  excited  I  am 
strongly  opposed  to,  as  being  somewhat  detrimental 
in  its  effcrcts  ;  a  proper  slate  of  salubrity  had  far 
better  be  maintained  liy  moistening  available  sur- 
faces about  the  house  than  by  the  other  means.  It  is 
very  essential  that  the  roots  of  the  trees  should  be 
thoroughly  moist  now,  and  if  any  doubts  exiat  on 
this  matter  it  should  be  ascertained  practically.  The 
foregoing  treatment  should  be  enforced  until  the  close 
of  the  current  year,  by  which  time  the  trees  will  be 
fast  unfolding  their  blossoms.  C.  7.  Miles,  Wycomhc 
Abbey. 


lardi) 


PLUMS. 

Plums  are  at  all  times  a  welcome  addition  to  our 
dessert  fruit,  therefore  I  would  advise  every  one  to 
plant  a  number  of  these  on  a  south  wall,  also  some  of 
the  fine  later  varieties  en  east  walls,  and  the  latest 
varieties  on  a  north  aspect.  I  would  recommend 
cordon  trees  of  these  being  planted,  as  they  come 
quickly  into  bearing,  and  occupy  little  spice  on  the 
walls;  they  may  be  planted  iS  inches  apart.  For 
a  north  wall  I  should  advise  such  varieties  as  Wye- 
dale,  Belle  de  Septembre,  Reine  Claude  de  Bavay, 
and  other  late  keeping  sorts.  For  growing  on  a  south 
wall.  Green  Gage,  Oullin's  Golden  Gage. 

Fruit  stores  should  be  looked  over  twice  a  week, 
and  all  decayed  fruit  at  once  removed  ;  air  may  be 
admitted  on  fine  warm  diys.  All  vacant  spaces  on 
the  walls  should  be  filled  up  at  once  with  young 
trees  ;  these  cost'little  when  bought  small,  and  they 
can  be  trained  in  any  form  desired.  J.  Smith,  Ment- 
more,  Bucks. 


the  tubers,  which  should  be  planted  4  inches  deep. 
Nothing  will  be  gained  by  crowded  planting  ;  the 
sets  may  be  placed  1  foot  apart,  in  rows,  from  14  to 
16  inches  asunder. 

In  some  establishments  early  forced  Potatos  are 
appreciated  quite  as  much  as  any  kind  of  forced  fruit, 
and  where  a  heated  frame  cannot  be  devoted  to  them 
at  least  a  limited  supply  may  be  obtained  from  pots 
grown  in  early  vineries  and  Peach-houses,  and  the 
haulm  of  the  Potato  is  not  so  subject  as  many  other 
plants  to  the  attack  of  injurious  insects,  which  are  at 
times  so  difficult  to  prevent  from  infesting  the  perma* 
nent  occupants  of  the  houses. 

General  Wori-;. 

When  frost  threatens,  the  plots  of  early  Droccoli 
should  be  looked  over,  and  any  with  the  hearts  well 
formed,  and  likely  to  be  injured,  should  be  lifted 
with  a  good  ball  of  earth,  and  placed  under  glass,  or 
in  some  position  where  they  can  be  cflectually  pro- 
tected from  injury. 

Endive  now  out-of-doors  three -parts  grown 
.should  be  lifted  without  further  delay,  and  placed  in 
frames  or  cool  houses  or  boxes,  from  whence  a  few 
roots  at  a  time  should  be  placed  in  the  Mushroom- 
house,  or  dark  warm  cellar,  to  blanch  as  required. 
Voung  plants  of  Endive  are  perfectly  hardy,  but 
when  the  hearts  of  the  plants  begin  to  develope  they 
soon  get  browned  by  sharp  frosts.  Mustard-and- 
Cress  should  now  be  sown  under  glass  at  intervals 
as  required. 

Wncrc  young  Onions  are  required  for  salad  pur- 
poses thriiugh  the  winter,  and  the  autumn-sown 
Tripolis  are  not  thick  enough  to  allow  of  much  thin- 
ning out,  some  should  now  be  sown  in  boxes  in  light 
fine  soil  in  a  brisk  heat  near  the  glass.  By  this  method 
a  supply,  just  the  proper  size,  may  be  easily  kept  up, 
by  sowing  once  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks  until  the 
spring  Onions  come  in  out-of-doors.  The  China 
Rose  Radish  is  now  coming  in  well  out-of-doors  ;  the 
beds  should  be  protected  with  mats  on  the  approach 
of  sharp  frosts. 

Some  Chicory  (a  few  roots  are  sufficient  at  a  time) 
should  be  lifted,  and  introduced  into  the  Mushroom- 
house  to  blanch.  It  will  now  be  advisable  to  lift  the 
whole  of  the  crop  of  roots,  and  relay  them  thickly 
together  a  little  deeper  in  the  soil  in  a  well-drained 
part  of  the  garden.     6^.  H.  Richards,  Somerley, 


SEED     P0TAT05     AND     FORCING. 

The  general  stock  of  tubers  should  occasionally  be 
examined,  in  order  to  ascertain  that  none  of  the  early 
varieties  are  making  injurious  growth,  through  being 
stored  too  thickly,  or  through  being  in  a  too  warm 
and  close  atmosphere.  Tubers  of  early  varieties 
which  show  signs  of  commencing  growth,  and  which 
will  soon  be  required  for  forcing  in  pots  and  frames, 
may  now  be  placed  in  shallow  boxes  in  light  soil  in 
order  to  make  a  little  corresponding  root-action. 
The  boxes  can  either  be  placed  in  a  light  airy  frost- 
proof house,  or  be  put  into  a  little  warmer  tempera- 
ture to  start  into  steady  growth  to  supply  the  sets  for 
pots  or  frames  as  soon  as  it  is  thought  fit  to  start  an 
early  batch.  Even  where  pot  cultivation  is 
relied  on  to  produce  the  first  supply,  it  is  best 
to  start  the  tubers  in  boxes  in  the  same  way  as  is 
usually  done  for  frame-grown  Potatos,  as  by  so  doing 
the  tubers  with  the  strongest  growth  may  be  selected, 
and  another  important  point  can  be  attended  to  prior  to 
potting, I.e.,  the  reduction  of  thegrowth  on  each  tuber. 
Two  growths  are  quite  sufficient  for  a  10  inch  pot, 
which  should  be  only  half  filled  with  soil  to  commence 
with.  The  best  guide  to  successful  work  with  pot  cul- 
tivation (the  same  as  in  frames),  is  to  start  gently,  aim- 
ing at  short  sturdy  growth,  and  keeping  the  pots  as 
near  the  glass  as  possible. 

When  the  growths  are  about  I  inch  above  the  rims 
of  the  pots,  they  should  be  earthed-up,  leaving  half  an 
inch  for  watering.  II  well  grown  one  tuber  with  two 
shoots  in  a  loinch  pot  will  produce  a  dozen  young 
ones  of  an  equal  size.  If  more  than  two  growths  are 
allowed,  the  young  tubers  may  be  more  numerous, 
but  not  so  profitable  in  the  long  run,  neither  will 
they  be  fit  for  use  quite  so  early,  which  is  a  considera- 
tion in  favour  of  restricting  the  amount  of  haulm. 

The  beginning  of  December  is  a  good  time  to 
plant  an  early  frame,  which  at  that  early  date  for 
planting  should  be  healed  by  hot-water  pipes.  The 
sets  for  such  a  frame  may  be  placed  in  boxes  as  before 
recommended,  at  once,  and  started  in  the  early  vinery. 
The  materials  to  form  the  hotbed  should  be  collected, 
and  should  consist  of  leaves  and  short  litter,  which  must 
be  turned  several  times  before  it  enters  the  frame.  After 
the  hotbed  has  been  made  several  days,  place  on  it 
I  foot  of  light  soil  a  couple  of  days  before  planting 


Im  ipi= 


WAX    E.XTRACTINO. 


In  all  apiaries,  even  in  small  ones,  there  will 
always  be  more  or  less  of  comb  which  is  unfit  to  use 
again.  Do  not  waste  a  bit  of  it,  and  do  not  lay  it 
about,  as  it  will  only  harbour  the  wax-moth.  If  you 
have  a  large  apiary  it  is  quite  well  worth  the  money 
to  have  a  machine.  The  quality  of  the  wax  obtained 
from  a  machine  is  very  superior,  and  a  good  price  can 
always  be  got  for  it. 

If  a  machine  is  used  you  cannot  do  better  than 
have  one  of  Gerster's,  or  one  made  after  his  pattern. 
This  consists  of  a  perforated  tin  basket  standing  on 
three  pieces  of  metal  in  a  metal  dish,  and  about  an 
inch  from  the  bottom  of  it.  All  this  is  put  into  a 
cylinder  not  perforated,  and  there  is  a  spout  con- 
nected with  the  dish.  When  you  want  to  melt  some 
wax,  take  the  perforated  cylinder  and  fill  it  with  wax, 
and  insert  it  in  the  other  cylinder,  and  put  the  cover 
on.  Then  place  this  over  a  vessel  with  water,  and 
put  it  on  a  fire.  The  steam  passes  up  from  the  water 
when  it  bDils,  and  the  heat  of  the  steam  penetrates 
the  basket  and  the  wax  oozes  through  the  basket,  and 
runs  down  into  the  dish,  and  out  at  the  spout  men- 
tioned before.  Nothing  can  be  purer  than  the  wax 
which  comes  out,  and  all  useless  refuse  is  left  in  the 
basket. 

If  you  have  not  enough  wax  for  a  machine,  or  do 
not  wish  to  buy  one,  there  are  various  other  ways  of 
getting  the  wax  out,  but  there  is  none  better  than  Mr, 
Hooker's.  Take  all  the  comb  you  want  to  melt,  and 
put  into  the  copper,  and  ram  it  down  tight.  Take  a 
hoop  that  will  fit  into  the  copper,  and  fit  a  cheese- 
cloth over  it.  This  must  be  kept  down  by  some 
means  or  other,  and  is  best  done  with  sticks  wedged 
against  the  ceiling.  Then  fill  your  copper  with 
water  and  light  the  fire.  When  the  water  boils  the 
wax  will  ooze  through  the  cloth  and  rise  to  the  sur- 
face. Vou  must  use  a  little  judgment  not  to  boil  the 
water  longer  than  sufficient  to  melt  the  wax.  Let 
the  fire  go  out,  and  when  the  water  is  cool  a  cake  of 
beautiful  wax  will  be  found  on  the  surface.  This  can 
be  taken  up  and  melted  again  in  some  vessel,  and 
poured  into  moulds  or  basins.  There  will  be  nothing 
but  refuse  at  the  bottom  of  the  copper.  Throw  this 
right  away,  some  distance  from  the  hives,  as  it  might 
lead  to  robbing.  This  is  a  much  better  way  than 
boiling  the  wax  in  bags,  and  it  is  done  much  quicker, 
Ag„es. 


624 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


^November  14,  18 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

(  5alc  of  Plants  and  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 

Monday,         Nov,  i6-    .aie*^^of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Prothcroe    & 

(       Morris"  Rooms, 

C  Twitkenhara    Chri'santheraum   Show  (two 

I      days). 
Grand    Show  of    the  Royal    Botanic  and 
^        _  ^._  J      Horticultural  Society,  at  Manchester. 

"^  '    ~    '"  "    '~  1  Chrysanthei 


Wednesday,  Nov. 


r  Burton-on-Trcnt      Chrysanthi 
(two  days). 
Bristol   Chry 
(two  days). 


and    Fruit  Show 


I  Sale  of  Plants  and  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 

L     Stevens'  Rooms. 

r  Colchester   and    East    Essex    Chrysanthe- 

I      mum  show  (two  days). 

I  Hull    and     fcast    Riding    Chrysanthemum 

:  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 


;■  Rooms. 
"  Rooms. 


Sale  of  a  Collection  o(  Orchids  i 


mum  show  (two  days). 
Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 


Saturday,      Nov. 


r  Derby  Chrys; 

Sale    of     Du 

I  \       Morris'  Ro. 


utch     Bulbs,    at    Prothert 
,'  Rooms, 
I  Sale  oQ  Plants  and  Bulbs  from  Holland, 
L     Stevens'  Rooms. 


THE  adjourneti  meeting  convened  by  the 
Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
to  consider  the  propriety  of  inaugurating  an 
Intern ATioN.AL  Exhibition  on  a  large  scale 
in  1 887  was  held  on  Tuesday  last  under  the  most 
depressing  conditions.  boil  and  atmosphere 
alike  seemed  muddy.  Fog  prevailed,  light  was 
not,  drizzling  rain  fell  without  intermission. 
To  add  to  these  uncheering  surroundings  the 
place  wore  an  appearance  of  general  dismem- 
berment and  dilapidation.  The  "  Inventions  " 
Exhibitions  was  closed  the  night  before,  and 
already  confusion  seemed  to  reign  supreme. 
Disjointed  machinery,  dismantled  stalls,  engines 
swathed  in  wrappers,  old  packing-cases,  others 
new,  some  in  process  of  construction,  and  dibris 
of  all  kinds  cumbered  the  ground.  Rolling  trol- 
lies, ceaseless  hammers,  grating  saws,  contri- 
buted their  share  to  the  general  din,  broken 
now  and  again  ^by  the  discords  elicited  from 
some  musical  instrument  thus  audibly  com- 
plaining of  the  indignities  to  which  it  was  sub- 
jected. Amid  such  surroundings  was  the  meet- 
ing held.  In  one  sense  it  was  cheering.  The 
ideas  of  continuity  and  rejuvenescence  suggested 
themselves  amid  the  gloom  and  clatter,  just  as 
they  did  when  the  citizens  of  Chicago  met  amid 
the  smoking  ruins  of  their  destroyed  city  to 
enact  that  it  should  rise  from  its  ashes._  It  was 
hardly  to  be  expected  under  such  conditions 
that  the  meeting  should  be  enthusiastic,  but  at 
any  rate  it  was  unanimous,  and  no  voice  was 
heard  to  deny  the  proposition  that  it  was  desir- 
able to  hold  such  an  exhibition  as  proposed  in 
1SS7  ;  no  alternative  proposition  was  offered, 
and  no  objection  was  raised  to  the  plan  of  action 
proposed.  The  Council  attended  in  full  force, 
headed  by  its  President,  Sir  TREVOR  LAW- 
RENCE. The  meeting,  if  not  large,  was  at  least 
more  representative  than  on  the  former  occa- 
sion. Representatives  of  metropolitan  and  pro- 
vincial societies  were  present.  Men  of  leading 
in  the  provinces  were  there  in  considerable 
numbers,  some  of  whom,  as  Mr.  FiNDLAY  of 
Manchester,  Mr.  HARRISON  of  Leicester, 
Mr.  Watts,  and  Mr.  Cheal  of  Crawley,  took 
part  in  the  discussion,  and,  as  we  have  said, 
though  some  did  not  vote  at  all,  not  a  dissen- 
tient voice  was  raised.  The  metropolitan 
nurserymen,  with  few  exceptions,  held  their 
peace  and  made  no  sign.  We  do  not 
blame  them  for  this.  So  much  work  and 
anxiety  must  necessarily  fall  on  them,  if  the 
proposal  is  carried  out,  that  we  are  not  surprised 
that  they  should  hesitate.  But  we  do  feel  strongly 
thatif  anypresent  entertained  serious  objections 
to  the  proposal,  they  should  at  once  have  given 
expression  to  their  opinions.  The  meeting  was 
called  for  that  very  purpose,  and  by  their 
silence,  by  their  abstention  from  active  par- 
ticipation, they    have   lessened   their  power  to 


object  to  whatever  may  be  done  in  future.  An 
honest  display  of  negative  opinion  would  have 
been  as  valuable  in  its  way  for  the  purpose  of  the 
meeting  as  any  manifestation  ol  approval.  Be 
this  as  it  may,  the  general  principle,  that  it  is  de- 
sirable to  hold  such  an  exhibition,  may  now  be 
held  to  be  established  beyond  dispute.  The 
explanations  given  by  Sir  TREVOR  Lawrence  as 
to  the  negotiations  with  the  Commissioners,  and 
as  to  the  relative  position  of  the  Council  and 
the  Commissioners,  were  clear  and  to 
the  point.  They  did  not  pledge  anybody  to 
anything,  but  they  showed  that  the  inte- 
rests of  the  Commissioners  were  bound  up  in 
the  success  of  the  scheme,  and  that  both  Com- 
missioners and  Council  believe  and  are  desirous 
that  something  should  be  done.  The  scope  of 
the  exhibition  was  defined  in  general  terms  in 
the  same  lines  as  those  we  had  already  sketched 
out  in  our  previous  articles  on  this  subject,  and 
the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  finance  and  organ- 
isation were  shown  not  to  be  insuperable.  After 
Sir  Trevor  Lawrence's  explanations  the  coast 
seemed  clear  for  a  public  avowal  that  such  an 
exhibition  was  desirable,  and  this  accordingly 
was  the  text  of  the  first  resolution,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Masters,  seconded  by  Mr.  Watts, 
and  carried  without  a  dissentient  voice,  after 
some  remarks  by  Mr.  Harrison,  of  Leicester, 
and  others.  The  second  resolution,  proposed 
by  Mr.  Shirley  Hibberd— to  the  effect 
that,  provided  the  Commissioners  gave  ade- 
quate assurances  of  harmonious  co-operation 
and  support,  the  gardens  at  South  Kensington 
were  the  most  suitable  locality  for  the  pur- 
pose— was  also  carried  unanimously.  The 
seconder,  however,  Mr.  Bruce  Findlay,  after 
saying  that  he  would  promote  the  object  to  the 
best  of  his  power  in  his  own  neighbourhood, 
veryproperly  pointed  out  the  risks  attaching  toa 
system  of  dual  control — a  warning  which  those 
who  remember  the  misfortunes  of  the  Society, in 
its  relations  to  the  Commissioners  in  past  years, 
will  do  well  to  bear  in  mind.  The  existing 
Council  as  a  Council  is  hardly  aware  of  the  fact 
that  the  present  condition  of  the  Societyisreally 
due  to  the  ill-assorted  union  of  the  two  bodies 
in  past  years.  Still,  as  we  have  before  said, 
circumstances  are  widely  din'erent  now,  and 
the  Council,  the  strongest  and  best  for  many 
years,  is  not  likely  to  be  kept  in  the  dark  as 
to  facts  of  past  history,  and  the  necessity  for 
caution  in  the  future. 

The  remaining  resolutions,  spoken  to  by  Mr. 
W.  Paul,  Mr.  Eraser,  Mr.  Elwes,  and 
others,  with  incidental  suggestions  as  to  the 
method  of  carrying  out  the  proposal,  were 
the  necessary  outcome  of  the  adoption  of 
the  preceding  resolutions  ;  and  before  the  re- 
solution was  adopted  to  adjourn  the  meeting,  in 
order  to  allow  of  further  negotiations  between 
the  Council  and  the  Commissioners,  was  put  to 
the  meeting,  the  present  state  of  the  case  was 
most  lucidly  put  by  Professor  Michael  Fos- 
ter, so  that  there  might  in  future  be  no 
misunderstanding  as  to  the  feeling  of  the 
meeting  and  its  knowledge  of  the  bases  of 
negotiation  with  the  Commissioners.  After 
Professor  Foster's  clear  statement  of  the  state 
of  the  case,  there  was  ample  opportunity  for 
any  ob-ection  to  be  raised,  but  as  no  dissentient 
note  was  sounded,  it  may  be  taken  for  certain, 
as  we  have  stated,  that  the  general  body  of 
horticulturists,  as  represented  at  the  meeting, 
are  pledged  to  the  general  principle,  but  in 
nowise  tied  to  details  ;  and  that  the  Council, 
backed  by  the  unanimous  votes  of  the  meeting 
are  empowered  to  open  up  further  negotiations 
with  the  Commissioners  if  assurances  on  either 
side  are  forthcoming. 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  in  bringing  the 
proceedings  to  a  close,  replied  to  a  few  objec- 
tions that  had  been  raised  in  the  course  of  the 
debate,  and  pointed  out  the  great  advantages 
to  the  trade  of  the  country  that  must  ensue  from 


such  an  exhibition ;  and  expressed  his  belief  that  if 
the  horticultural  body  could  now  lay  a  founda- 
tion there  would  be  no  lack  of  guarantees  as  to 
finance.  As  to  organisation,  the  last  three 
exhibitions  had  been  worked  under  a  system  of 
dual  control  without  friction,  and  as  the 
interests  of  all  parties  in  this  matter  were 
identical  and  all  were  interested  in  its  success, 
he  did  not  apprehend  any  serious  difiiculties  on 
that  score.  In  point  of  fact,  the  difiiculties  and 
obstacles  which  look  formidable  at  a  distance 
seem  no  greater  than  Englishmen  are  ac- 
customed to  surmonnt,  without  much  fuss,  any 
month  in  the  year.  The  meeting  was  ultimately 
adjourned  to  allow  of  further  negotiations  being 
entered  upon  with  the  Commissioners,  no  one 
being  in  the  meantime  pledged  to  anything  more 
than  the  assertions  that  such  and  such  things, 
under  such  and  such  conditions,  are  desirable. 


The  Proposed  International  Exhi- 
bition.— The  following  is  the  text  of  the  resolutions 
carried  at  the  meeting  on  the  loth  inst.  Dr. 
Masters,  who  had  moved  the  adjournment  of  the 
last  meeting,  moved  the  first  resolution,  which  was 
as  follows  : — 

"That  in  view  of  the  great  and  increasing  import- 
ance of  horticulture,  and  in  order  to  preserve  the  high 
reputation  in  which  British  horticulture  is  held  by  other 
nations,  it  is  desirable  to  hold  at  no  distant  date  an 
International  Show  and  Congress  of  Horticulture  in  the 
widest  sense  of  that  term  ;  and  that  the  year  1887  being 
the  jubilee  year  of  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the 
Queen,  would  be  the  most  fitting  time  for  such  an 
undertaking." 

This  was  seconded  by  Mr.  Watts,  of  Wiltshire, 
and  carried  unanimously.  The  second  resolution  was 
proposed  by  Mr.  Shirley  Hibberd  :— 

"That  should  Her  Majesty's  Commissioners  of  1851 
be  prepared  to  afford  adequate  facilities,  such  a  show 
and  Congress  would  be  most  advantageously  held  on 
some  of  the  Commissioners'  grounds  at  South  Kensing- 
ton, provided  that  any  use  which  the  Commissioners 
propose  to  make  of  the  rest  of  the  grounds  during  the 
year  1887  be  found  to  be  in  harmony  with  the  character 
of  the  projected  show  and  Congress." 

This  was  also  carried  unanimously.  The  third  resolu- 
tion was  proposed  by  Mr,  Wm.  Paul,  seconded  by 
Mr.  A.  H.  Smee,  and  carried  unanimously  ;  — 

"That  this  meeting  requests  the  President  and  Council 
of  the  Royal  Hoticultural  Society  to  take  measures  to 
ascertain  the  views  of  the  Commissioners  of  1851  on  the 
matter,  and  assures  the  President  and  Council  that 
should  the  proposals  of  the  Commissioners  be  ot  such  a 
nature  as  to  aiTord  reasonable  hope  that  the  show  and 
Congress  may  be  carried  out  in  a  manner  worthy  of 
British  horticulture,  no  effort  shall  be  wanting  on  the 
part  of  those  present  to  sectu-e  the  success  of  the  under- 
taking." 

The  fourth  resolution,  moved  by  Mr.  Harrison  of 
Leicester,  and  seconded  by  Mr.  Cheal  of  Crawley, 
was  as  follows : — 

"  That  this  meeting  do  now  adjourn  till  such  time  as 
it  shall  be  summoned  by  the  President  and  Council  ol  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  in  order  that  the  results  of 
the  negotiations  with  the  Commissioners  of  1851  may  be 
laid  before  it." 

Conservatory  at  Cheekley  Court. — 

In  our  number  for  June  13  of  this  year,  in  which  we 
gave  a  view  at  Cherkley  Court,  Leatherhead,  the  resi- 
dence of  Abraham  Dixon,  Esq.,  and  also  one  of  the 
fine  conservatory,  we  drew  attention  to  the  pleasing 
manner  in  which  the  walls  on  the  one  side  were 
clothed  with  Ferns  and  foliage  Begonias  ;  we  now 
avail  ^ourselves  of  the  opportunity  to  illustrate  this 
rather  difficult  subject,  as  we  are  sure  many  of  our 

,  readers  will  be  able  to  find  in  their  greenhouses  and 
conservatories,  walls  and  odd  corners  which  they 
would  fain  change  from  their  present  blank  state  into 
as  near  an  approach  as  possible  to  those  lovely  combina- 
tions of  foliage  the  subject  ol  our  illustration  (see  sup- 
plement). The  arrangements  for  producing  such  effect 
are  not  difficult  to  command — an  open  wire  trellis  fixed 
2  or  3  inches  away  from  the  wall,  and  filled  in  with  peat 
or  other  fibry  soil  into  which  the  plants  are  to  be 
planted.  Maidenhairs  of  all  kinds  take  well  to  such 
culture,  and  the  foliage  Begonias  assume  a  much  more 
beautiful   aspect  and   exhibit   their    lovely    metallic 


November  14,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


625 


colours  much  belter  when  grown  in  this  way  than 
they  do  in  pots  ;  some  of  the  oldest  varieties,  such  as 
Rex,  Marshalli,  and  Queen  Victoria,  are  still  unsur- 
passed for  massive  foliage,  but  Louise  Chretien, 
Berthe  Frontier,  Fire  King,  and  others  of  their  section 
among  the  newer  introductions,  are  very  lovely.  At 
the  top  of  our  illustration  showing  the  models  of 
Alhambra  arches,  the  Bougainvillea  glabra  will  be 
seen  in  flower  ;  grown  as  it  is  at  Cherkley  Court,  it  is 
one  of  the  brightest  and  most  lasting  trailers  we  have. 

ScLEROTiA  OF  Penicillum. — We  are  re- 
quested by  Mr.  W.  G.  SMITH  to  publish  the  follow- 
ing letter,  the  transmission  to  us  of  which  has  been 
accidentally  delayed  : — 

"  I  am  asked  on  p.  305  to  describe  with  as  much 
detail  as  possible  how  I  obtained  these  structures. 
I  have  found  them  produced  spontaneously,  and 
I  have  three  limes  produced  them  artificially. 
I  have  had  no  iailures.  I  saw  them  first  inside 
Gorgonzola  cheese,  and  in  this  material  it  was  easy 
to  make  sections.  I  afterwards  twice  saw  them  inside 
very  old  and  dry  Potatos.  I  last  saw  them  inside 
a  dry  capsule  of  Papaver  soraniferum.  I  obtained 
them  artificially  as  follows  (I  think  the  plan  is  not 
the  same  as  Brefeld's,  but  I  have  not  Brefeld  by  me 
for  reference)  : — I  took  six  slices  of  coarse  crummy  bread 
for  three  experiments.  These  six  sUces  I  dried  in  an 
oven,  with  the  idea  of  killing  any  spores  that  were  not 
wanted,  and  that  might  possibly  be  in  the  cavities 
of  the  bread.  When  the  shces  of  crummy  bread 
were  quite  dry,  I  slightly  damped  one  surface 
only  of  each  with  distilled  water  ;  on  the  damp  surfaces 
I  placed  (with  a  dry  camel-hair  brush)  spores  of  Penicil- 
lum. I  then  placed  the  damp  spore-infected  surfaces 
together  and  made  three  Penicillum  sandwiches,  quite 
dry  outside  and  slightly  moistened  inside.  Each  sand- 
wich was  wrapped  in  tissue  paper  tied  with  twine  and 
then  shut  up  for  a  week  in  a  box  in  the  dark.  This  was 
with  the  idea  of  getting  rid  of  any  superfluous  moisture. 
After  a  week,  and  when  the  spores  had  germinated,  I  took 
six  pieces  of  thick  glass  and  squeezed  each  sandwich 
as  tight  as  possible  between  two  pieces  of  the  glass  in  a 
carpenter's  vice.  I  then  glued  paper  over  the  ends  of 
the  glasses,  so  that  the  slices  of  bread  looked  like 
pictures  in  air-tight  frames — a  picture  behind  and  a 
picture  in  front.  The  frames  were  then  put  in  a  dark 
box  again  and  kept  in  a  dry  place.  They  were  opened 
at  the  end  of  one,  two,  and  three  weeks,  and  the 
sclerotia  were  found  abundantly  in  the  bread  cavities  of 
the  examples  which  had  rested  longest." 

——  Potatos. — Mr.  Thiselton  Dyer  exhibited 
at  the  Linnean  Society,  on  November  5,  specimens  of 
Darwin's  Potato  (Solanum  Maglia),  grown  at  Kew, 
the  weight  of  twelve  tubers  being  28  oz.  ;  also  the 
"  Papa  del  oso,"  Bear's  Potato  (8.  tuberosum  var.), 
grown  out-of-doors,  from  tubers  received  from  Dr. 
Ernst,  of  Caracas,  who  obtained  them  from  Merida, 
where  they  are  found  wild. 

"The  Asclepiad  "   is  a   quarterly  journal 

entirely  written  by  Dr.  B.  W.  Richardson.  It  is 
devoted  particularly  to  medicine  and  allied  subjects. 
Dr.  Richardson's  biographical  notices  are  well 
written,  In  the  present  number  the  life  of  Leeu- 
wenhook  is  sketched.  The  Dutch  physiologist  was 
one  of  the  first  to  use  the  microscope,  and  but  little 
has  been  generally  known  of  his  career.  From  what 
Dr.  Richardson  tells  us  he  was  Bedell  or  Town 
Sergeant  of  Delft,  and  occupied  his  leisure  with  those 
experiments  and  researches  that  have  made  his  name 
famous. 

Kohler's   "Medicinalen  Pflanzen." — 

The  last  part  of  the  reissue  contains  coloured  figures 
of  Cochlearia  officinalis,  Malva  silvestris,  Lavandula 
vera,  Platanthera  bifolia.  Digitalis  purpurea,  Rham- 
nus  cathartica,  Matricaria  Chamomilla.  The  plates 
are  so  superior  to  any  hitherto  published  in  this 
country,  and  so  much  less  expensive,  that  we  call 
attention  to  them  as  very  serviceable  even  to  those 
not  familiar  with  the  language  of  the  text. 

"  Popular  Gardening  "  is  the  title  of  a  new 

American  publication  issued  at  Buffalo  every  month 
at  the  cost  of  6  cents  (31/.)  for  each  number.  Its 
contents  are  varied  and  bright,  and  the  paper  looks 
as  if  it  meant  to  succeed,  and  we  have  no  doubt  it 
will. 

"The  Covent  Garden  Gazette." — This 

new  venture,  to  be  published  at  one  penny  weekly,  is 
announced  as  a  representative  journal  for  agriculturists 
and  fruit-growers,  and  for  florists  and  market  sales- 


men. It  is  intended  to  give  "  actual  practical  in- 
formation on  current  prices  and  supply  and  demand, 
so  that  he  [the  grower]  may  not  be  in  the  dark  when 
sending  consignments  to  market."  As  this  informa- 
tion is  much  needed,  but  in  our  experience  not  easy 
to  get,  we  shall  rejoice  if  our  new  contemporary  suc- 
ceed in  satisfying  the  natural  requirements  of  growers 
and  consigners  in  this  matter.  The  French  cor- 
respondent notes  that  "  if  trade  in  England,  owing  to 
Free  Trade,  is  bad,  in  France,  with  Protection,  it  is  a 
thousand  times  worse."  In  spite  of  the  depression, 
our  contemporary  writes  upon  most  topics  in  a  cheer- 
ful frame  of  mind,  and  we  can  but  wish  that  it  may  be 
maintained. 

Our   Almanac   for    1886. — Secretaries   of 

provincial  atjd  town  horticultural  societies  are  in- 
vited to  send  us,  as  soon  as  possible,  the  dates  of 
their  meetings  and  exhibitions  during  the  ensuing 
year,  so  as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 

Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  Edinburgh. 

— At  a  meeting  of  the  Congress  committee  of  the 
Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society,  held  on  the 
llthinst.,itwas  announced  that  intimation  had  already 
been  received  from  many  contributors  throughout  the 
United  Kingdom  of  their  intention  to  exhibit  at  the 
Congress,  and  that  the  number  of  dishes  already  pro- 
mised, amounted  to  upwards  of  7000,  although  many 
of  the  largest  contributors  have  not  yet  made  their 
entries.  These  entries  close  on  Monday,  the  i6th 
inst.,  and  all  those  who  intend  to  send  contributions 
of  Apples  and  Pears  should  forward  the  same  without 
delay,  so  as  to  enable  the  committee  to  make  proper 
arrangements  for  the  display  of  the  exhibits  j  which 
promise  to  be  so  numerous  as  to  tax  even  the  immense 
capacity  of  the  Waverley  Market. 

Ghent  Horticultural   Society. — At  a 

meeting  held  last  Monday  the  following  awards  were 
made  : — First-class  Certificates  to  MM.  Jacob-Makoy 
&  Co.,  Liege,  for  Bouvardia  Hogarth  fl.-pl. ;  to 
MM,  Vervaet  &  Co.,  for  Cypripedium  vexillarium 
and  Odontoglossum  vexillarium  ;  to  M.  Aug.  Van 
Geert  fils,  for  Ptychosperma  Van  Geerti.  Cultural 
Certificate  to  M.  Jules  Heye-Leysen,  for  Cypripe- 
dium Spicerianum.  Commendations  for  novelty  to 
M.  L.  Spae-Van  der  Meuien,  for  Encephalartos  Kat- 
zeri ;  to  M.  Ed.  Pynaert,  for  Anthurium  Prochaskyi- 
anum  ;  to  MM.  Desbois  &  Co.,  for  Begonia  Madame 
Henri  Cache.  Cultural  Commendations  to  M.  Ad. 
d'Haene,  for  Dracsena  Baptist! ;  to  M.  Bernard  Spae, 
for  Ruckia  EUemetti. 

New  Sweet  Pea.— In  addition  to  the  new 

varieties  of  Sweet  Peas  of  Mr.  H.  Eckford's  raising 
which  Mr.  W.  Bull  will  distribute,  Mr.  J.  C. 
Schmidt,  of  Erfurt,  announces'one  of  his  own  rais- 
ing, named  Vesuvius.  It  is  described  as  being  quite 
distinct  in  character,  the  large  upper  petals  are  bril- 
liant carmine-rose,  shading  to  a  deeper  hue,  till  it 
ends  in  a  glowing  purple  throat ;  the  whole  is  sprinkled 
with  dots  of  crimson.  The  lower  petals  are  of  a  dark 
velvety  violet,  shadmg  of!  into  lilac  towards  the  edge. 

Phylloxera  Laws.— The  following  official 

document  has  been  forwarded  to  us  for  publication  ; — 

"  Bucharest,  October  r5,  1885. 

"My  Lord, — I  have  the  honour  to  report  that  a 
notice  has  been  inserted  in  the  Official  Monitor  to  the 
effect  that,  in  consequence  of  the  appearance  of  Phyl- 
loxera in  Roumania,  the  Hungarian  Minister  of  Com- 
merce has  forbidden,  until  further  notice,  the  importation 
into  Austro-Hungary  of  Vines,  Grapes,  trees,  shrubs, 
and  other  plants,  and  generally  of  all  green  or  dried 
plants,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  other  horticultural  pro- 
ducts of  Roumania. — I  have,  &c., 

(Signed)        "  Percy  Sanderson. 

"  The  Marquis  of  Salisbury,  K.G.,  &c." 

Influence  of  Light  on  Transpiration. 

— On  December  3  Rev.  G.  Henslow  is  expected  to 
make  a  communication  to  the  Linnean  Society,  on 
the  influence  of  the  different  rays  of  the  solar  spectrum 
on  the  transpiration  of  plants,  a  subject  on  which  he 
has  been  known  to  have  been  experimenting  for  several 
years. 

Passiflora  kermesina. — This  is  a  charming 

subject  just  now  in  one  of  the  plant-houses  at  Gunners- 
bury  Park,  Acton.  It  is  trained  along  a  bar  in  the  apex 
of  the  span  of  the  roof,  and  its  bright  and  attractive 
blossoms  are  particularly  attractive  and   numerous. 


It  is  a  lovely  free  growing  slender  kind,  with  trilobed 
dark  green  leaves  ;  the  flowers  are  abundantly  pro- 
duced. As  an  autumn  and  winter  flowering  type  it 
can  be  highly  commended. 

Linnean  Society  of  London.— A  meeting 

will  be  held  on  Thursday,  November  19,  at  8  p.m., 
when  papers  on  the  following  subjects  will  be  read  : 
—  I.  "  On  the  Perignathic  Girdle  of  the  Echinoidea." 
Professor  P.  M.  Duncan.  2.  "  Anatomy  of  Sphse- 
rotherium."  Geo.  C.  Browne.  3.  "  Immature 
Stages  of  Tegeocranus  csepheiformis."  A.  D. 
Michael. 

Flora  of  the  Peruvian  Andes. — A  paper 

on  this  subject  by  Mr.  John  Ball  was  read  at  the 
Linnean  Society,  November  5.  His  statements  re- 
ferred chiefly  to  the  western  slope  of  the  Cordilleras. 
From  the  collections  made  and  other  data  so  far 
as  this  region  of  Peru  is  concerned,  it  may 
confidently  be  answered  that  the  limit  of  alpine  vege- 
tation has  been  placed  by  previous  writers  on  the 
subject  as  far  too  low.  In  the  present  instance  there 
can  be  no  serious  error  as  to  heights,  seeing  these  are 
based  on  those  of  the  railway  engineers.  The  expla- 
nation of  this  relatively  high  extension  of  the  tem- 
perate flora  depends  on  the  peculiar  climatical  condi- 
tions. Rain  occurs  but  sparingly,  the  nights  are 
cool,  but  frost  scarcely  known  ;  whereas  in  the  plateau 
region  eastward  storms,  heavy  snow  and  frost  are  fre- 
quent. The  vegetation  of  the  region  visited  Mr. 
Ball  divides  into  a  subtropical  dry  zone  from 
coast  to  8000  feet,  a  temperate  zone  reaching 
to  12,500  feet,  and  an  alpine  zone  upwards  to 
17,000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  As  regards  the 
proportion  in  which  the  natural  families  of  plants  are 
represented  in  the  Andean  flora,  the  Compositae 
amount  to  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  whole  species, 
next  to  these  the  grasses  about  one-eighth,  the  Scro- 
phularinere  supply  5  per  cent.,  while  CtuciferK,  Caryo- 
phylless  and  LeguminosK  each  are  represented  by 
about  one-thirtieth  of  the  whole.  The  Cyperaceae  are 
conspicuous  by  their  absence.  A  remarkable  feature 
is  the  presence  of  four  Crassulaceae.  If  the  propor- 
tions of  the  endemic  genera  and  species  be  taken  as 
criteria,  then,  as  far  as  materials  admit,  the  Andean 
flora  appears  to  be  one  of  the  most  distinct  existing  in 
the  world.  Mr.  Ball  agrees  with  those  who  think 
it  probable  that  the  south  polar  lands  constitute  a 
great  archipelago  of  islands.  To  the  region  in  ques- 
tion he  is  inclined  to  refer  the  origin  of  the  so-called 
Antarctic  types  of  the  South  American  flora. 

Royal    Meteorological    Society.  —  At 

the  ordinary  meeting  of  the  Society,  to  be  held  at 
25,  Great  George  Street,  Westminster,  on  Wednes- 
day, the  i8th  inst.,  at  7  p.m.,  the  following  papers 
will  be  read  :— "  The  Helm  Wind  of  August  19, 
1SS5; "  by  William  Marriott,  F.R.  Met.  Soc. 
"  The  Typhoon  Origin  of  the  Weather  over  the  British 
Isles  during  October  2,  18S2  ;  "  by  Henry  Harries. 
"  Note  on  the  Principle  and  Working  of  Jordan's 
Improved  Sunshine  Recorder  ;  "  by  J.  B.  Jordan 
and  F.  Gaster,  F.R.  Met,  Soc.  A  committee  has 
been  appointed  to  take  into  consideration  the  ques- 
tion of  the  supposed  diminution  of  water  supply  and 
the  suggested  increase  of  floods.  The  committee  is 
desirous  of  obtaining  as  much  information  as  possible, 
and  will  therefore  be  very  glad  to  receive  any  data 
that  may  have  any  bearing  upon  the  subject,  and 
showing  the  past  and  present  state  of  the  water  sup- 
ply, either  from  gaugings  of  wells  or  springs  ;  the 
height  of  flood  marks  in  rivers,  streams,  and  lakes  ; 
the  records  of  low-water  periods  ;  or  any  historic  data 
which  may  have  been  collected  relating  to  the  subject. 
Information  relating  to  the  period  between  1S25  and 
1835  would  be  extremely  valuable,  in  order  to  enable 
the  committee  to  fill  up  a  gap  in  the  diagram  accom- 
panying the  report  in  the  Quarterly  Journal  for  July, 
18S5.  All  communications  should  be  addressed  to 
the  Assistant  Secretary,  Mr.  W.  Marriott. 

"Vorlesungen  user  Bacterien." — Bot- 
anists and  others  interested  in  the  study  of  Bacteria, 
whether  as  lowly  organised  fungi  assuming  various 
forms,  according  to  the  condition  in  which  they  grow, 
or  in  relation  to  the  various  diseases  known  or  suspected 
to  be  connected  with  their  presence,  will  be  glad  to 
hear  Professor  De  Bary's  views  on  the  subject.  His 
lectures  are  published  separately,  and  may  be  had  of 
Williams  &  Norgate.  Plant  diseases  attributable 
to  these  organisms  occur  in  the  Hyacinth  (the  yellow 
rot,  described  by  Wakker,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 


625 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  18S5. 


vol.  xxiii.,  p.  14)  ;  the  Pear  blight,  described  by 
lUiRKILL,  Garkr.crs'  Chronicle,  November,  1SS5  ; 
the  erosion  of  Wheat  grains,  observed  by  I'RU.Liti'X, 
and  the  "  Nass  faule  "  of  ihe  Tolato,  described  by 
Rkinke  and  Bekthoi.d  :  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
p.  14,  vol.  xxiii. 

Dr.  Carpenter. — The  announcement  of  the 

death  of  this  gentleman,  under  very  painful  circum- 
stances, will  be  read  with  general  rejret.  Dr.  Car- 
penter's career  is  an  instructive  one.  Educated  as  a 
physician  he  early  in  life  renounced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  for  the  pursuit  of  pure  science.  His  woiks 
on  the  rhysiology  of  Men  and  Animals  and  on 
the  Microscope  and  its  Teachings  gained  for  him 
a  high  repuiation,  but  little  profit.  Hard  work 
of  excellent  quality  brought  but  little  remunera- 
tion, even  although  he  became  as  well  known  to  the 
general  public  as  to  the  scientific  few.  After  several 
years  he  obtained  the  office  of  Registrar  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  London,  a  position  which,  while  it  afforded 
him  an  adequate  income,  brought  him  into  contact 
with  a  large  number  of  influential  men,  and  most  of 
the  foremost  of  their  time  in  mailers  intellectual. 
Easy  circumstances  by  no  means  benumbed  his  facul- 
ties so  far  as  scientific  work  was  concerned,  and  Dr. 
Carpenter  continued  fo  the  end  to  work  in  his 
favourite  departments  of  research,  and  took  a  lej.ding 
part  in  the  dissemination  of  scientific  truths  among 
the  public.  His  services  to  the  University  in  parti- 
cular, and  to  science  in  general,  were  such  as  to  ensure 
for  him  the  respect  due  to  high  principle  and  honest, 
conscientious  work. 

"  Horticultural  Directory  "  for  1SS6. 

— We  notice  with  much  satisfaction  this  useful  publi- 
cation for  next  year,  published  by  Dr.  IlOGG,  at  the 
Jotiinat  of  HorlicutUire  Office,  171,  Fleet  Street, 
E.G.  The  book  contains  the  usual  information  with 
regard  to  gardeners  addresses,  brought  as  far  as 
pojsiblc  up  to  date, 

Anemones.  —  Messrs.  J.   Carter   &  Co. 

have  sent  us  some  flowers  of  the  strain  of  Anemone 
"  St.  Bridget  Crown,"  cut  from  plants  grown  in  the 
open  ground  from  seed  sown  in  March.  The  flowers 
were  of  bright  colours  and  large  size.  Certainly  it  is 
pleasing  to  be  able  to  have  Anemones  in  flower  at  this 
season,  especially  with  such  a  variety  of  colours  as  we 
noticed  in  these  flowers.  There  were  purple,  crimson, 
and  other  shades  of  red,  whilst  one  had  petals  of  deli- 
cate pink  finishing  oil  in  white,  and  another  had  this 
order  of  the  colours  reversed. 

Angr.ecum     Leonis.  —  Some    uncertainly 

prevails  as  to  the  mode  of  spelling  ihis  word.  We 
have  seen  it  spelt  Leoni,  Leonei,  and  Leonis.  As  the 
name  was  given  in  compliment  to  M.  Leon  Hum- 
m.OT,  we  imagine  Leonis  to  be  the  more  correct 
form. 

Passiflora    violacea.  —  This    beautiful 

Brazilian  Passion-flower  is  figured  in  the  KtZ'ne 
HorticoU  lor  October  16.  It  has  palmate,  three-lobed 
leaves  and  very  long  peduncles  bearing  a  large  flower 
about  3  inches  across,  the  petals  lilac,  the  coronal 
threads  as  long  as  the  petals,  curved,  blue  at  the 
b.ise,  white  at  the  tips.  The  sepals  are  provided 
with  long,  leafy  points.  It  is  remarkable  that  so 
beautilul  a  species  should  not  have  been  introduced 
previously.  It  will  be  distributed  by  M.  Bruant, 
nurseryman,  Poitiers. 

BULE  Culture  in  Holland.— We  quote 

the  following  details  from  the  lilustration  HorticoU : 
—  In  thirty  parishes  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Haarlem 
alone,  an  area  ol  upwards  of  595  hectares  is  devoted  to 
cultures  of  this  kind,  viz..  Hyacinths,  231  hectares; 
Tulips  205,  Crocus  74,  Spir.-ea,  Hoteia,  and  Dicentra 
collectively,  22  hectares ;  Narcissus,  9 ;  and  mis- 
cellaneous bulbs,  52  hectares.  A  hectare  is  about 
equal  to  24  acres. 

We   hear   that   the   whole   of    the  stock   of 

plants  of  the  Cape  Wax  Climber,  Macroloma  lineare, 
has  passed  into  the  hands  ol  Messrs.  J.  Carter  & 
Co.  for  distribution. 

Chester. — The  new  Mayor  of  this  ancient 

city  is  Mr.  George  Dickson,  senior  partner  in  the 
old  firta  of  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  nurserymen. 

Gardentng  Appointments. — Mr.  W.  A, 

Cook  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  W.  Wills, 
Esq.,  Holme  Wood  House,  Peterborough.— Mr.  R. 
H.  Holloway,  la'e  Forem.an  at  Headfort  House, 
Kells,  Co.  Meath.  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to 
Lord  Castletown,  Granston  Manor,  Abbey  Leix, 
(lueen's  County.  —  Mr.  Henry  Reed,  late  Foreman 
to  Mr.  Ollerhead,  Gardener  at  Wimbledon  House 
Gardens,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Mrs. 
Meinerkzhacen,  Belmont,  Wimbledon,  Surrey. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS,    ETC.,    AT 
MESSRS.  VEITCH  &  SON'S,  CHELSEA. 

The  display  of  Chrysanthemums  at  this  nursery  is 
very  fine,  an^l  although  the  majority  of  the  plants 
require  a  little  more  time  to  perfect  their  blooms,  the 
collection  will  repay  a  visit  from  now  till  some  lime 
to  come.  Only  the  most  approved  varieties  are 
grown,  and  of  these  the  following  were  the  best  :  — 
CuUingfordii,  the  new  crimson,  orange  centred  variety, 
was  in  fine  order,  and  proved  itself  worthy  of  a  place 
in  the  best  of  collections  ;  Flambeaux,  somewhat 
similar,  but  hardly  so  large  in  the  bloom  ;  Mrs.  J. 
Crossfield,  a  most  attractive  incurved  pink-b!ush  ;  La 
Charmeuse,  a  pretty  light  purple  flower,  with  tips  of 
petals  forked  ;  Francis  Delaux,  a  grand  dark  crimson  ; 
Carpet,  deep  brick-red,  bronze  centre  ;  Isidore  Fetal, 
bright  pink — Japanese  ;  Mons.  Henri  Jacotot  and 
Mons.  Mousillac,  Boule  d'Argent,  a  pleasing  pink 
variety  ;  Beaulc  des  Jardins,  a  good  crimson  ;  Mons. 
Roux,  somewhat  similar  to  F.  Delaux ;  Brisc  du 
Matin,  beautiful  flechpink;  F.  A.  Davis,  the  best 
dark  ;  LaTendresse,  orange-pink,  small  but  distinct  ; 
William  Robinson,  bright  orange  ;  Bronze  Jardin  dcs 
Plantes,  a  grand  old  variety  that  ought  to  be  in  every 
collection  ;  George  Gordon,  a  good  dark,  Mons. 
Burnet,  a  large  light  pink  flower  ;  Mons.  Burnet,  a 
large  light  pink  flower  ;  J.  Laing,  a  fine  flower, 
brick-red,  with  orange  ;  Perle  des  Beautcs,  a  pretty 
llitlle  dark  symmetrical  variety;  Criterion,  fine  large 
orange-yellow  ;  some  fine  blooms  ol  Dr.  Sharpe. 

Amongst  the  new  Continental  varieties  the  follow- 
ing were  the  best.  The  colours  of  new  varieties  are 
becoming  so  varied  that  one  is  quite  at  a  loss  to  satis- 
factorily describe  them.  The  best  of  these  were 
Mdlle.  Melanie  Fabre.  deep  lilac,  good  petals  ;  M. 
Freeman,  somewhat  similar,  but  lighter  ;  I'.Xube 
Matinale,  a  fair  sized  flower,  resembling  no  colour  in 
our  vocabulary,  but  corresponding  to  the  "  crushed 
Strawberry  "  of  milliners,  &c.  ;  Lakine,  a  good  deep 
orange  ;  I'Adorable,  large  bronze ;  Souvenir  de 
Haarlem,  a  most  beautiful  flower  of  a  deep  flesh- pink 
colour,  finely  curved  petals,  lying  well  together,  and 
forming  a  compact  bloom  of  great  excellence  ;  M. 
A.  Vilmorin,  a  good  flower,  introducing  a  new  shade 
amongst  the  "  Bulls."  While  visiting  the  Chrysan- 
themums time  should  be  found  for  a  run  round  the 
houses  devoted  to  Carnations,  Bouvardias,  &c, , 
where  the  visitor  will  be  amply  repaid.  In  an 
intermediate-house  was  a  large  batch  of  those 
old  attractive  favourite  plants  Lasiandra  macran- 
tha  and  L.  macrantha  floribunda,  the  latter 
being  the  more  prolific  in  bloom  and  dwarfer 
and  of  better  habit,  most  of  the  plants  being  about 
S  inches  high  wi'.h  at  least  five  fully  developed  buds 
on  them.  In  the  cool  hard-wooded  houses  too  was 
a  fine  lot  ol  Crowea,  a  greenhouse  plant  of  great 
value  for  the  present  season,  its  pretty  jiink  star-like 
flowers  and  fine  dwarf  compact  habit  st.amping  it  as 
a  grand  decorative  plant.  The  greenhouse  Rhodo- 
dendrons were  as  usual  in  vigorous  health  with  a  fair 
sprinkling  of  bloom. 

To  describe  the  collection  of  Orchids  would  occupy 
too  much  space,  many  fine  varieties  being  in  bloom, 
and  the  Pitcher-houses  were  a  sight  i,vorth  travelling  a 
long  way  to  see, 

W.  CuTP.usH  &  Sons,  Highgate. 
A  remarkably  fine  collection,  neatly  arranged  in  an 
improvised  canvas  house,  the  soft  light  inside  of  which 
shows  the  colours  of  the  blooms  off  to  perfection. 
The  plants  for  the  most  part  are  very  dwarf,  with 
abundance  of  robust  dark  green  foliage,  but  we  were 
riither  too  early  to  see  them  at  perfection,  the  cold 
bracing  air  of  Highgate  Hill  having  delayed  the  pro- 
gress o.  most  of  the  varieties  considerably.  The 
display  of  bloom  is,  however,  very  good,  though 
nothing  to  what  it  will  be  in  a  week  or  two.  A  glance 
at  the  following  list  of  names  will  indicate  better  than 
words  the  choice  character  of  the  collection  :  — Margot, 
White  Globe,  Julia  Lagravere,  one  of  the  best  of  the  old 
darks  when  well  done  ;  J.  Delaux,  Nil  Desperandum, 
Lady  Margaret,  Prince  of  Wales,  Gloire  de  Toulouse, 
Orach,  Peter  the  Great,  James  Salter,  Geo.  Glenny, 
Baronne  de  Frailly,  Golden  Rhine,  a  very  pretty  little 
yellow  ;  grand  examples  of  Elaine,  Mons.  Astorg, 
Triomphe  du  Nord,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Lady  Talfourd,  Mrs. 
G.  Rundle,  Source  d'Or,  very  fine  in  form  and  colour ; 
Dr.  Macary,  a  very  pleasing  variety,  pink  with  while  ; 
Henry  Jacotot,  Golden  Jardin  des  Plantes,  a  fine 
yellow  ;  Duchess  of  Albany,  La  Charmeuse,  Heloise, 


L'Africaine,  Golden  Christine,  Lord  Beaconsfield, 
R.  Ballantine,  very  fine.  Fine  blooms  of  Prince 
Alfred,  Dr.  Sharpe,  General  Bainbridge,  a  very  fine, 
slightly  incurved  bronze,  though  rather  flat ;  Madame 
B.  Rendatler,  Flambeau,  a  grand  dark ;  Striatum, 
Perfection,  Marquisof  Lome,  a  distinct  orange-bronze  ; 
Albert,  fine  bright  brick-red  coloured  flowers ; 
Japanese  Venus,  Meteor,  Garnet,  Helvetia,  a  very 
lively  light  crimson  ;  Cherub,  a  good  bronze-yeliow  ; 
Bronze  Dragon,  good  ;  Barbara,  and  Golden  (^iieen 
of  England.  This  collection  will  last  for  some  lime, 
as  the  major  portion  of  the  plants  are  yet  to  bloom, 
but  are  giving  promise  ol  a  grand  show  by  their 
numerous  large,  plump,  rapidly  unfolding  buds.  C.  J, 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams. 
Here  is  a  fine  collection  staged  in  the  large  con- 
servatory, where  they  are  shown  olT  to  advantage  by 
the  overhanging  Palms,  F'ree  F'erns,  &c.  A  praise- 
worthy feature  is  also  introduced  in  a  row  of  stands 
containing  cut  blooms  along  the  staging,  neatly 
covered  with  verdant  moss,  by  which  there  is  a  good 
opportunity  of  comparing  the  qualities  of  the  blooms 
for  show  or  other  purposes.  Only  varieties  that  are  in 
demand  or  have  some  special  quality  to  recommend 
them  are  grown,  and  the  following  were  the  most 
noticeable  as  suitable  for  decorative  purposes  : — Mrs, 
Dixon,  Sicur  Melanie,  a  fine  dwarf  floriferous 
white  ;  Chinaman,  Comte  de  Germiny,  Dr.  Sharpe, 
in  grand  condition  ;  Triomphe  du  Nord,  a  fine  dark  ; 
Peter  the  Great,  a  lively  yellow  ;  Prince  ol  Wales, 
Simon  Delaux,  L'lle  des  Plaisits,  Solcil  Levant, 
Madame  Deveril,  a  very  disiinct  and  pretty  variety 
for  grouping  ;  also  Red  Dragon,  Virgin  Queen,  a 
showy  white  ;  Gloire  de  Toulouse,  Ghick,  Thunberg, 
Lady  Selbourne,  still,  and  likely  to  be  a  great 
favourite  ;  Bend  Or,  a  grand  yellow  ;  Fulton,  another 
good  yellow  ;  Princess  Royal,  a  very  pretty  Anemone- 
scented  variely  ;  Beaute  des  Jardins,  and  J.  Di:laux. 


Boticrs  of  lloolis. 


The  House  Sparrow.  (London:  William  Wesley 
&  Son,  Essex  Street,  Strand.) 
This  is  an  exhaustive  little  treatise,  containing  a 
paper  on  the  house  sparrow.  Passer  domesticus,  by 
an  ornithologist,  J.  H.  Gurney,  jun.  ;  one  by  a 
friend  of  the  farmers.  Colonel  C.  Russell  ;  and 
another  entitled  "  The  English  Sparrow  in  America," 
by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues. 

"  There's  a  special  providence  in  the  i.\\\  of  a  sparrow." 
Hamlel. 

Thus  reads  the  motto  on  the  title-page  of  this 
pretty  book,  bound  delicately  in  green,  and  adorned 
with  a  golden  sparrow.  There  is  no  separate  memoir 
by  a  friend  of  the  sparrows ;  indeed,  the  book  is 
not  at  all  from  Ihe  sparrow's  point  of  view,  but  is  a 
very  one-sided  aflair  altogether.  There  is  a  full 
account  of  the  life-history  of  the  bird,  his  deeds,  and 
his  misdeeds,  and  we  regret,  but  are  not  surprised, 
that  the  summing-up  ol  his  judges  is  dead  against 
him.  It  appears  that  only  in  his  very  early  stage  of 
existence  is  he  fed  upon  grubs  and  insects.  No 
sooner  can  he  fight  for  himself  than  he  betakes  him- 
self to  the  farmers'  fields,  where  he  not  only  devours 
his  grain,  but  spoils  more  than  he  devours.  His 
domestic  character  is  of  the  worst  possible  kind  ; 
he  robs  chickens,  and  chases  from  his  neighbour- 
hood birds  of  a  more  peaceful  nature. 

In  America,  where  the  sparrow  has  been  intro- 
duced, it  has  become  a  perfect  pest,  and  those  who 
were  at  one  time  anxious  to  see  it  established  there 
are  now  only  too  anxious  to  pay  for  its  destruction. 

The  sparrow  increases  rapidly  and  we  think  there 
is  no  doubt  whatever  as  to  the  advisability  of  diminish- 
ing its  numbers  in  localities  where  it  is  superabun- 
dant. We  are  not,  however,  prepared  to  advo- 
cate its  extermination,  as  some  do,  for  in  London 
and  other  large  and  grimy  towns,  it  is  almost 
the  only  wild  (.')  bird  that  will  make  itself  at 
home,  that  it  has  chased  away  from  the  towns  many 
wild  birds  has  not  yet  been  sufticiently  proven— Ihe 
cat  has  in  this  respect  much  to  answer  for  also,  we 
think.  In  spite  of  its  sins  (and  in  towns  it  oft'ends 
mainly  by  robbing  chickens  and  blocking  up 
gutters  with   its  nests),    its   lameness,    the  amazing 


November  14,  1S85.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


627 


impudence  and  boldness  of  so  small  a  creature  (see 
it  in  the  Tuileries  gardens  in  Paris  for  instance) 
its  liveliness  and  even  its  shrill  chirp  are  of  interest  to 
many  who  never  see  a  "  bit  "  of  the  country  from  one 
year's  end  to  another.  As  a  remedy  against  the  evil 
of  too  many  sparrows  Mr.  Gurncy  suggests  that 
*' sparrow  pie  is  a  toothsome  dish,"  also  that  the 
bird  is  very  good  **  cooked  and  eaten  in  the  same  way 
as  larks."  Certainly  where  both  birds  are  numerous 
let  us  save  the  laiks,  and  devour  the  sparrows  I  We 
think,  however,  that  the  most  humane  way  of  lessen- 
ing the  numbers  of  this  little  pest  where  it  is  super- 
abundant, is,  as  is  suggested,  to  "destroy  the  eggs 
and  nests  whenever  it  is  possible  to  do  so," 


NOTES  FROM  MESSRS.  CLIBRAN 
&  SON'S,  ALTRINCHAM. 

MlCROLEi'iA  iiiRTA  CRisTATA. — This  very  beau- 
tiful Fern,  when  grown  in  a  pot,  is  apt  to  lose  a  good 
deal  of  its  disiinct  character  unless  stood  on  a  stand 
above  its  surrounding  fellows,  so  that  its  dense 
tassels  may  be  seen  to  the  greatest  advantage.  Calling 
at  the  Messrs.  W.  Clibran  &  Son's,  Oldlield  Nursery, 
Altrincham,  a  few  days  ago,  I  was  pleased  to  find 
they  were  growing  it  with  others  of  a  somewhat  pen- 
dulous habit  in  baskets  suspended  from  the  roof. 
Under  these  conditions  the  whole  of  the  plant  can 
be  seen  to  advantage,  and  a  well  grown  plant  with 
dense  tufts  and  tasselled  pinnae  hanging  round  the 
sides  of  the  baskets  gives  a  much  better  idea  of  worth 
and  beauty  than  when  grown  with  others  on  the 
stages  or  tables.  This  is  one  of  those  that  require  a 
little  more  hcrt  during  the  winter  than  some  that  will 
grow  and  succeed  well  with  it  during  the  summer. 
Its  fronds,  which  are  of  a  soft  downy  texture,  are  very 
liable  to  damp  and  rot  if  exposed  to  much  cold  and 
wet.  It  would  seem  to  prefer  a  temperature  where 
DavalliaMooreana  does  well — where,  in  fact,  the  ther- 
mometer does  not  often  get  below  55°  during  the 
winter  months. 

Rhododendrons. 

For  forcing  Rhododendrons  one  of  the  best  and 
earliest  is  Cunningham's  White.  It  will  soon  be  time 
to  mark  those  that  can  be  lifted  from  the  borders  for 
this  purpose  ;  where,  however,  they  must  be  procured 
from  the  nurseries,  this  and  Jenny  Lmd  and  caucasi- 
cum  roseum  are  such  as  come  on  f)uickest,  and  can 
more  conSdenlly  be  reckoned  upon.  A  splendid 
stock  of  these  useful  sorts  are  grown,  and  are  now  full 
of  bud  ;  potted  up  and  gradually  put  into  a  little  heat 
they  may  be  had  in  bloom  by  the  time  the  last  of  the 
Chrysanthemums  are  over,  and  so  obviate  that  tire- 
some break  that  so  often  takes  place  during  the  latter 
part  of  January  and  beginning  of  February. 

MarSchal  Niel  Rose. 
This  grand  Rose  receives  special  care  and  treatment 
here.  There  is  at  the  present  time  a  fine  stock  of 
plants,  with  shoots  from  12  to  15  feet  long.  These  are 
now  stood  outside,  to  ripen  and  mature,  and  can  con- 
fidently be  expected  to  produce  a  fine  lot  of  flowers 
in  the  coming  spring.  The  plants  are  about  twelve 
months  old  ;  grafts  during  the  past  summer  have  had 
every  attention  given  them  in  one  of  the  light  struc- 
tures here,  kept  free  from  filth  and  mildew,  and  now 
have  shoots  stout  and  strong,  that  will  certainly  harden 
and  be  sure  to  give  satisfaction  to  all  who  may  pro- 
cure them.  It  is  just  one  of  those  things  that  should 
be  in  every  garden,  not  merely  singly,  but  where  space 
can  be  spared  another  should  be  planted  out  to  take 
the  place  of  the  older  one.    IV,  Swan. 


When  to  Eat  Fruit.— Fruits,  to  do  their  best 
work,  should  be  eaten  either  on  an  empty  stomach  or 
simply  with  bread — never  with  vegetables.  In  the 
morning,  before  the  last  of  the  night  has  been  broken, 
they  are  not  only  exceedingly  refreshing,  but  they 
serve  as  a  natural  stimulus  to  the  digestive  organs. 
And  to  produce  their  fullest,  finest  ellect,  they  should 
be  ripe,  sound,  and  every  way  of  good  quality  ;  more- 
over, they  should  be  eaten  raw.  What  is  better  than 
a  bunch  of  luscious  Grapes  or  a  plate  of  berries  or 
Cherries  on  a  summer  morning,  the  first  thing  on 
sitting  down  to  breakfast  ?  Or  a  fine  ripe  Apple,  rich 
and  juicy,  eaten  in  the  same  way?  In  our  climate 
Apples  should  constitute  not  the  finishing,  but  the 
beginning  of  the  meal,  particularly  the  breakfast,  for 
at  least  four  months  in  the  year  ;  and  fruits,  raw  or 
cooked,  should  make  a  part  of  the  morning  and 
evening  meal  (provided  suppers  are  eaten)  during  the 
entire  year.  Farm  and  tlome. 


j4oME     i^^CRFiEgPONDENCE. 


Vanda  cccrulea. — it  is  amusing  to  see  practi- 
tioners in  their  long  clothes  talking  about  mastering 
the  culture  of  Vanda  curulea  after  eighteen  months' 
experience.  A  writer  at  p.  563  says  :  — "  I  bought 
seven  plants  of  it  seven  months  ago,"  and  then  goes 
on  to  give  a  history  of  his  cultural  success.  But,  pray, 
what  does  that  amount  to  I  So  far  as  these  particular 
plants  are  concerned  he  is  not  out  of  the  alphabet  of 
cultivation.  When  he  has  grown  the  plants,  say,  ten 
years,  and  can  produce  them  well  clothed  with  leaves 
without  speck  or  blemish,  flowering  periodically,  then 
there  will  be  room  for  a  little  "  crowing."  It  is  only 
misleading  beginners  to  tell  them  that  because  one  man 
or  a  dozen  of  men  can  grow,  say,  Epidendrum  bicor- 
nutum,  E.  nemorale,  Cattleya  superba,  lonopsis 
paniculata,  Galeandra  Dovoniana,  Oncidium  Lancea- 
num  decently  for  eighteen  months  that  the  same 
cultural  routine  will  hold  good  for  ten  years  !  Just 
let  your  ambitious  correspondents  who  are  wanting 
to  take  a  first-class  certificate  for  cultural  skill 
have  a  try  at  these  species,  and  if  they  are  not 
very  much  superior  in  practical  skill  to  those 
who  have  had  a  twenty  and  thirty  years' 
try  at  them,  they  will  break  down  with  the  most  of 
them  before  half  the  decade  has  been  run.  I  do  not 
want  to  freeze  the  ardour  of  any  collector  or  culti- 
vator, but  I  like  to  seedilticult  subjects  fairly  assessed. 
In  times  gone  by  we  had  to  be  contented  wiih 
"singles"  of  many  of  those  species,  now  they  are 
imported  in  such  numbers  that  the  price  paid 
then,  £,1  lor,  say  a  single  plant,  is  now  sufficient 
to  buy  a  score.  .\ny  one  now-a  days  can  aflurd  to 
have  a  variety  of  practice,  and  it  would  be  a  pily 
for  horticulture  if  some  cultural  progress  could 
not  be  recorded.  But  I  want  to  ask  any  successful 
cultivator  of  Vanda  ctt-rulea— I  mean  one  who  has 
grown  and  flowered  the  species  for  the  past  ten  years 
— whether  he  has  got  over  the  conditions  of  atmo- 
sphere ihat  creates  that  spot  which  so  disfigures  the 
leaves,  which  the  writer  and  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley 
some  eighteen  years  ago  simultaneously  detailed  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  that  time,  and  what  these 
conditions  are  ?  I  am  sure  it  would  greatly  interest 
and  educate  more  than  James  Anderson,  Meadow 
Bank. 

Single  Dahlias  and  Marguerites. — The  most 
efteclive  ornaments  of  my  garden  lor  the  past  two 
months  have  been  single  Dahlias  and  the  white  Mar- 
guerites. The  Utter  were  struck  from  cuttings  taken 
in  March,  a  dozen  in  a  small  box  ;  they  were  planted 
out  in  June,  and  have  been  till  lately  quite  a  conspicuous 
feature  in  an  oval  bed  ;  hundreds  of  their  showy  discs 
of  snow  and  gold  might  be  gathered  to-day.  I  moved 
a  few  plants  to  the  greenhouse  a  fortnight  ago,  and 
they  promise  to  furnish  cut  blooms  up  to  Christmas. 
As  for  the  single  Dahlias  they  have  been  charming; 
they  were  raised  from  seed  which  I  gathered  from  some 
of  Ware's  fine  varieties  last  autumn.  Most  of  the 
flowers  are  yellow,  but  there  are  also  half-a-dozen 
whites.  It  would  appear  from  this  circumstance  that 
the  lighter  coloured  varieties  ripen  their  seeds  most 
perfectly.  I  do  not  know  of  any  garden  flower  at  the 
dull  time  of  the  year  so  elegant  and  effective  for 
vases,  ^c.  There  are  various  shades  of  yellow  among 
the  seedlings,  but  one  of  them  is  a  pure  bright  prim- 
rose.   T.  ;K,  Harroia. 

Hedychium  flavescens. — This  species,  under 
similar  conditions  and  gr  jwn  freely,  always  exceeds 
the  more  universally  grown  II.  Gardnerianum  in 
stature,  but  has  narrower,  paler  coloured  leaves. 
The  stems  attain  a  height  of  4  to  6  feet,  and  being 
less  robust  than  those  of  the  last  named  species, 
spread  about  rather  loosely  if  unsupported.  As  a 
flowering  plant,  however,  it  excels  the  common  species 
both  in  the  relative  size  of  the  flowers  and  their 
delicious  perfume  ;  for  while  the  odour  of  II.  Gard- 
nerianum is  by  no  means  inviting  ;  in  the  other  case  it 
is  not  only  powerful,  especially  if  the  sun  is  shining 
and  the  temperature  rather  high,  but  is  equally  agree- 
able. In  this  respect  it  agrees  with  another  closely 
allied  congener,  also  flowering  at  Kew,  namely,  II. 
coronarium,  whose  flowers  are  pure  white  with  a  faint 
blotch  of  greenish-yellow  on  the  broad  deeply  bifid 
lip.  The  flowers  of  II.  flavescens  have  relatively 
longer  petal  like  staminodia  than  those  of  the  last- 
named  species,  and  pale  yellow  fading  to  white  at 


their  tips.  The  true  petals  or  rather  perianth-seg- 
ments of  this  order  of  plants  are  usually  if  not  always 
small,  narrow,  and  insignificant  or  so  inconspicuous 
as  to  deserve  little  attention  for  decorative  purposes. 
Iledychiums  as  a  rule  delight  in  a  liberal  supiily  of 
water  while  making  their  growth,  and  II.  flavescens 
is  grown  in  a  pot  partly  plunged  in  the  tank  of  the 
Water  Lily-house.  A  figure  of  it  is  given  in  Loddigcs' 
Botanital  Cabinet,  723,  while  another  is  given  of  U. 
coronarium  at  507  of  the  same  work.  J.  F. 

Dianthus  japonicus.  —  In  general  appearance 
this  species  may  be  said  to  resemble  in  a  measure  that 
of  1 1,  barbatus,  but  is  botanically  very  distinct.  The 
flowers  are  about  the  same  size,  and  pink  when  first 
expanded,  deepening  to  a  uniform  red,  or  reddish- 
purple,  and  the  inflorescence  is  more  decidedly 
cymosely  panicled  than  corymbose,  as  in  D.  bar- 
batus. The  leaves  are  ovate  or  oblong,  of  a  dark 
green  colour,  and  present  a  stout  leathery  appearance, 
quite  unusual  in  the  genus.  It  was  originally  intro- 
duced to  British  gardens  in  1804,  and  is  stated  to  be 
a  half-hardy  perennial,  flowering  in  June.  Thuntierg, 
who  figured  it  in  his  Flora  Japonica,  t.  23,  says  it 
grows  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Nagasaki,  Japan,  and 
flowers  in  the  month  of  August.  A  strong  plant  has 
been  flowering  for  many  weeks  on  the  rockery  at 
Kew,  and  in  spile  of  the  Tcold,  foggy,  and  rainy 
weather  continues  to  expand  its  flower-buds  and  make 
itself  conspicuous  when  the  great  majority  of  her- 
baceous plans  begin  to  look  ragged,  except  the  usual 
autumn.al  display  of  North  American  Composites  and 
a  few  stragglers,  such  as  Lobilias  of  the  L.  splendens, 
cardinalis,  and  syphilitica  type.  The  plants  in  ques- 
tion were  raised  from  seeds  recently  reintroduced, 
and  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  prove  sufficiently 
hardy  to  resist  ordinarily  severe  winters.  J .  F. 

Narcissus  viridiflorus. — This  plant  seems  still  to 
defy  all  attempts  to  cultivate  it  successfully  in 
England,  and  indeed  it  is  hardly  worth  the  trouble 
taken  with  it,  except  as  a  curiosity.  All  to  whom  I 
sent  it  two  years  ago  tell  the  same  story  :  the  bulbs 
continue  sound,  and  occasionally  throw  up  a  leaf,  but 
seem  to  have  lost  all  reckoning  of  times  and  seasons. 
No  doubt,  bulbs,  if  dug  up  when  dormant,  may  be 
persuaded  to  flower  once,  the  flower  germ  having 
been  formed  in  their  home  near  Gibraltar.  In  this 
w.iy  I  have  at  present  two  bulbs  flowering  in  my 
greenhouse.  About  a  dozen  bulbs  were  sent  to  me 
in  May,  of  which  I  distributed  all  but  four,  which  I 
potted,  and  baked  all  summer,  and  in  September  re- 
moved into  a  hot-bed  for  a  month,  watering  them  well. 
The  flowers  are  very  fragrant,  the  scent  resembling 
that  of  Chimonanthus  fragrans.  C.  Wolley  D.'d,  Ed^c 
Hall,  0(t.  30. 

Innpatiens  glandulifera  not  Eaten  by  Rab- 
bits.—In  planting  some  Rhododendrons  last  year 
(spring  of  18S4),  in  a  wood  very  much  infested  with 
rabbits,  a  small  plant  of  Impatiens  glandulifera  hap- 
pened to  be  growing  on  the  ball  of  earth  attached  to 
one  of  those  shrubs.  It  grew  and  flowered,  and 
remained  throughout  the  season  unmolested.  This 
year  a  number  of  plants  of  this  Balsam  were  trans- 
planted both  in  the  wood  and  in  open  places  in  which 
rabbits  were  numerous  and  hungry,  and  I  still  find 
the  plants  untouched.  Impatiens  glandulifera  is  a 
free  growing  and  flowering  plant,  and  looks  well  in 
masses  in  woodland  scenery,  and  when  other  plants 
cannot  be  grown,  on  account  of  rabbits,  it  may  be 
introduced  with  advantage.  It  grows  from  4  to  5  feet 
in  height,  and  should  be  sown  in  the  spring  of  the 
year.    IV.  Ingram,  Belvoir. 

Treatment  of  Carnation  Layers  at  Present. — 
From  this  forward  is  the  time  to  remove  rooted 
layers,  and  to  get  them  ready  for  the  winter,  in 
private  collections,  and  also  for  purchasing  the 
splendid  recently  introduced  new  varieties  for  adding 
thereto.  I  am  reminded  of  this  by  a  large  box  of 
three  dozen  "  pairs,"  in  splendid  condition,  from  a 
certain  well  known  "Home  of  Flowers,"  I  was 
brought  to  see  yesterday,  just  received  by  a  friend. 
How  to  treat  them  .''  This  was  a  material  point,  and 
upon  which  I  beg  you  to  invite  discussion.  My 
friend  does  not  exhibit,  and  grows  all  his  flowers,  as 
far  as  possible,  in  the  open  air.  How  to  do  this,  and 
yet  run  no  risk  of  losing  any  of  the  splendid  collection 
of  Carnations  and  Bicotees  he  had  been  purchasing 
was  the  crux.  At  last  we  came  to  the  conclusion  to 
get  ready  a  large  frame  and  fill  it  with  tan,  which  was 
easily  accessible — to  give  a  mild  bottom-heat — and  to 


628 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  14,  1885. 


ttaDsplant  the  rooted  layers  in  boxes,  and  put  them  of  greenish-white  tlowers.      The  panicles  are  more 

therein.      The   2°   or   3*   of  heat  generated    by  the  branched   than  in   the  nearly  allied   V.  gloriosa,  and 

tan  and  leaves  will  induce   slight   root  action  during  the  leaves  differ  considerably  in  being  less  concave 

November,    but  artificial   heat  is  not    at    all   neces-  and  not  nearly  so  sharp-pointed.     Y.  filamentosa  is 

sary.      A  cold  frame,    kept    dry  rather   than  moist,  another    very  ornamental   plant,   with  creamy-white 

answers  admirably.     If  at  .ill  moist  after  the  layers  flowers  which  are  shown  off  to  advantage  by  the  well 

are  put  in,  the  dreaded  "spot  "  makes  its  appearance  branched  panicle  and  large  stout  scape.     The  leaves 

on    the    leaves,    and    the    collection    will    soon    be  are  broad  and  arranged  in  a   dense  rosette.     There 

seriously  thinned   out.     Carnations  and  Picotees  are  are  several  other  species  in  cultivation,  but  for  ordin- 

like  Pansies— once  root-action  has  commenced  they  ary    gardening    purposes   the  above   are   about   the 

continue  moving  whenever  the  temperature  is  above  most  floriferous  and  easy  of  cultivation.  .V.   }. 
the  freezing  point.     To  induce  this  root-action  after 

the  reception  of  the  plants  at  this  dull  cool  season,  Galanthus      nivalis       var.       Octobrensis.— 

when     the     atmosphere     is     generally    damp     and  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Earr  I   have  received  a 

foggy,  IS  most  material,  and  hence  my  recommenda-  jiving  specimen  sent  to  him  by  Mr.  James  Allen  of 

tion    to   my  fiiend.     He    believes   in  growing  these  this  autumn-flowering  Snowdrop.     It  does  not  agree 

useful   and   brilliant    flowers    in    the    open    air,    as  „i,h  the  description  of  the  autumn-flowering  Galan- 

I     do,     and     he     would     not     hear     of     potting  thus  Olgte  of  Orphanides  from  Mount  Taygetus,  and, 

them,    as    he   wants    them    for    beds    next    spring.  indeed,   presents  no  obvious  botanical  difference,  so 

That    the   very   best    varieties   can    be   thus    grown  fa,  as  flower  goes,  from  the  typical  spring- flowering 

even   in   the    heart    of    London    smoke,   has    been  Galanthus  nivalis.     The  outer  perianth  segments  are 

proved  by  the  bedding-out  success  Messrs.  Veitch  have  oblong-spathulate,   about    three-quarters    of  an   inch 

had  at   Chelsea.     No  person,  therefore,  who  has  the  long,    the    inner    deeply   emarginate,    with   rounded 

smallest  patch  of  town  garden,  and  a  cold  frame  to  lobes,  with  a  green  line  at  the   top  on  the  outside, 

keep  his  plants  (layers)  during  the  alternate  frosts  and  and  abundant  green  longitudinal  streaks  inside.     The 

moisture  of  the  wmter  and  spring-dry  cold  they  do  stamens  are    half  as    long   as   the   inner    perianth- 

not  mind  any  more  than  the  Auricula— may  at  once  segments,  with  short  fllaments  and  anthers  lengthened 

procure  rooted  layers  of  the  choicest  kinds  and  trans-  out  into  a  long  point.   7.  G.  Baker. 
plant    them   into    a    bed   next    February,    with    the 

certainty  that  he  will  be  able  to  cut  a  bouquet  of  Rainfall  at  Methven  Castle,  Perth.- 

blooms  from  July  to  November  during  iSSo  :   with 

my  limited  collection,  which  contains  a  few  dozens  „„_       '        „„ 

of    the    perpetual    kinds,     especially     the    crimson 

selfs     and    yellow     grounds,     I    can    do     so     even  Januar>' 

to-day.      But  they  must   be   fed,    or  the  September  t'sbruarj- 

.ind    October    blooms    will    not    be    worth    cutting ;  ■'^'mcIi  . . 

however,  this  point  another  time.     As  I  said,  my  -^P"' 

friend  did  not  want  to  pot  up  seventy-two  plants,  and  I^'^y     ■■ 

they  could  not  be  planted  out,  so  we  decided  to  get  Ju"=    -- 

suitable  boxes  and  put  in  the  "  pairs  "  of  each  variety  J"'y 

across,  and  easily  accessible,  so  as  to  be  readily  lifted  August.. 

out  with  the  trowel  and  transplanted   into  the  beds  September 

when  the  time  came.     I  mention  this  plan  in  detail 

because  it  is  not  usually  adopted,  and  because  it  has         

many  things  to  recommend  it  to  amateurs  and  sub-  P'tcr  Whitton 
urban  villa  gardeners.  The  soil  or  compost  is  of  some 

consequence;   give,   therefore,   a   preference  to    old  Cotton  Wool  for  Packing  Peaches.-This  has 

pasture  sods  (loam),  pu  led  asunder.    If  a  field  is  near  ^^^^  unfavourably  spoken  of  several  times  lately,  for 

that  was  ploughed  up  last  season,  the  sods  will  sui  ^^^  ^^^^^    ^              ^^^  ^^^^^^^     ^^^  ^      ^^^^ 

admirab  y,  and    what  is  very  important,  the  larv^  of  i^^_  j^  j^  ^^,             ^^^  ^^^^  ^^   ^^,^;„    i^  i^    ^^^_ 

the    chck-beetle-the  dreaded    wireworm  -is   rarely  ^j^^^    ^^^^    _  ^^^  ^^^  following  facts  will  show  that 

found  m  those  sods  the  second  year,  probably  having  ^^^^^^  „„„,           ^^  ^^^^  ^j,^^^,,  ^           if  ^^^^  ^^,^. 

assumed  another  form.    In  any  case  the  soil  should  be  ,„„        q^   ^^^^^^^  ,2  I     ^^^^^  ;„  ^  3^^,,  ^^^  ;„ 

examined  for  it  ;  if  present  it  will  find  your  Carnation  ,^,^  „^^^,            ^  ^^^^  ^j  ^^^  g^,          p^^^^^^_   ,^^( 

root-Stems,  and  make  the  centre  its  new  home,  until  „^,^  ,-  ^  ^„^„„i,  r^,  a^..^  »    *«,  ^  i,:k-»;««  «»  c^,..;, 

,      '         ^  .            ,  ,    .  ,       ,  ,  .  ,                  .  1   ,  were  ripe  enough  for  dessert,  tor  exhibition  at  bouth 

eaten  through.  Lime  and  brick  rubbish,  say  an  eighth  j^ensington  Fruit  Show.     Owing  to  urgent  matters  I 

part,  will  be  useful  to  mix  with  the  soil,  and  if  sea  shells  ^^^  „„,  ^y^  ,^  ,^^^^  1^^,^^^  .  ,1^      ^^^^  ^^,^,^iox^  sent 

are  convenient  pound  some  up  and  add  a  small  por-  ^^^j^^ed  in  a  large  box  with  other  things,  and  de- 

tion      I  do  not  give  water  if  the  soil  around  the  roots  livered  by  the  railway  company.     I   am   told  they 

of  the  new  layer  is  at  all  moist,  for  the  present,  and  ^^^^    j^,j,    ^,^^^    ^^j      ^i^^^^j     ^^^     exhibitor's 

during  the  winter  your  frameful  of  Carnations,  Pico-  ^^^^  attached,    at    any  rate   I  did   not  expect  they 

tees,  and  the  choicer  Pinks  will  have  more  to  dread  „^^,j  ^^   ^^          ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  „^3              j^^^ 

cZ  Jr^°"'                                                           '  '""""^  '"  "^  expectation,  they  were  repacked  and 

returned,  this  time  by  luggage  train,  and  reached  me 

on  the  19th.     As  we  were  very  busy  the  box  was  not 

Solanum    Maglia.— We    had   Darwin's    Potato  opened  until  the  21st,  when  I  was  very  much  surprised 

yesterday   to   dinner— pure    Maglia,    untouched     by  to  find  they  were  still  fit  for  exhibition,  ir. //,  Divers, 

hybridisation.     Our    vote  was  that  it  could  not  be  Kctton  Hall. 

called  first-rate  in  its  present  phase  of  development, 

but  that  it  would  pass  muster  as  a  fair  average  eatable  

Potato,  and  that  there  was  no  trace  of  bitterness  in  its 

taste.     After  one  year's  cultivation  in  prepared  soil  at 

Kew  a  dozen  tubers  which   I  exhibited  on  behalf  of 

Mr.  Thiselton  Dyer  at  the  Linnean  Society  on  Thurs- 
day night  weighed  28  oz.  y.  (7.  Baker, 


Fruiting  of  Yucca  (p.  598). — Mr.  Morse  asks  for 
records  of  Yucca  fruiting  in  England.  In  1S76  V. 
recurva  fruited  here,  and  I  sent  fruit  and  seeds  to 
Kew  and  to  Dr.  Engelmann.  I  believe  it  has  fruited 
since,  but  I  have  no  record  of  it.  This  year  a  few 
abortive  fruit  appeared,  but  soon  fell  off.  I  suppose 
any  of  the  species  might  be  artificially  fertilised,  but 
I  have  never  tried  the  experiment.  H.  E.  Ellacomhe, 

These  plants  associate  well  with  Tritomas, 

and  impart  quite  a  special  feature  to  the  border 
they  occupy.  For  landscape  gardening  they  have 
certainly  few  equals  when  well  placed,  the  rigid  leaves 
and  large  terminal  panicles  of  white  flowers  giving  so 
distinct  an  appearance  to  these  noble  plants.  In  V. 
tecurvifolia  we  have  a  most  desirable  plant,  with 
gracefully  recurved  leaves  and  an  abundant  supply 


AERIDES  VANDARUM. 

In  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  September  28,  1867, 
Professor  H.  G.  Reichenbach  says  : — "  It  is  astonish- 
ing how  long  an  error  may  last.  A  single  glance  at 
the  figures  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  and  in  Wight's 
/cones,  vol.  v.,  t.  1740,  shows  how  different  the  plant 
above  named  is  from  A.  cylindricum.  A.  Vandarum 
has  very  pretty  white  flowers,  reminding  one  of 
Vanda  flowers  by  the  reflexed  petals  and  by  the 
undulation  of  both  sepals  and  petals."  Kept  up 
by  the  great  resemblance  of  the  plants  in  their 
habit  of  growth,  and  by  the  few  opportunities 
there  have  hitherto  been  of  seeing  them  in  flower, 
the  error  is  as  widely  spread  now  as  ever,  and 
we  are  therefore  glad  of  the  opportunity  of  illustrat- 
ing both  the  plants,  and  thus  affording  an  easy 
means  of  putting  the  matter  right  in  the  future  (fig. 
143).  Aerides  Vandarum  and  A.  cylindricum  have 
been  called  shy  flowerers,  but  their  better  culture  in  a 
few  of  our  gardens  of  late  years  proves  them  to  be 
free  enough  to  produce  their  blooms  if  properly  grown. 


In  Lord  Rothschild's  garden  at  Tring  Park  Mr.  Hill 
grows  all  the  terete-leaved  Aerides  and  Vandas  to 
perfection  in  a  warm  and  rather  sunny  house.  There — 
planted  out  in  sphagnum  moss,  Vanda  teres  may  be 
seen  with  hundreds  of  flowers  open  at  one  time  ; 
V.  Hookeri  in  pots  and  fastened  to  blocks  blooming 
equally  well  but  in  less  numbers,  and  both  the  Aerides 
we  here  notice  flowering  as  well  as  could  be  desired, 
Mr.  Hill  thinks  the  nearer  the  tops  of  the  plants  are 
to  the  glass  the  better  their  chance  of  producing 
flowers,  provided  the  temperature  be  kept  regular  and 
not  allowed  to  get  below  60''  in  winter.  J.    0' B. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  : 
November   10. 

This  meeting,  almost  the  last  of  the  year  now 
drawing  to  its  close,  was  held  in  the  conservatory  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens. 

Some  groups  of  Cyclamen,  one  of  Bouvardias,  a 
few  cut  blooms  and  pot  Chrysanthemums,  chiefly 
new,  or  newish  varieties,  and  some  few  Orchids  and 
seedling  Apples,  comprised  the  main  portion  of  the 
exhibits,  the  conservatory  presenting  rather  a  dreary 
look  after  the  animated  and  crowded  days  of  the  past 
season. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present:  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  J.  James,  J.  Hudson,  W.  Bealby,  H.  Ilerbst, 
J.  Walker,  J.  Fraser,  Shirley  Hibberd,  G.  Dufiield, 
H.  Williams,  J.  Dominy,  J.  O'Brien,  H.  Turner,  E. 
Hill,  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters. 

A  pretty  collection  of  Rarkerias  in  bloom,  including  B. 
Lindleyana  ;  Odontoglossum  Krameri  var.  alba,  and  the 
small-flowering  Oncidium  retusum,  a  yellowish-white 
flower  of  small  beauty,  came  from  Dr.  Deeke,  The 
Glen,  Lewisham  (gr.,  Mr.  Norky).  The  interesting  lot 
received  a  Cultural  Commendation. 

Colonel  T.  Clarke,  Daventry,  showed  Pourettia  flexi- 
Us,  a  Broraeliad  with  recurved  foliage,  narrow,  and 
serrated,  the  central  portion  of  the  heart-leaves  being  of 
an  intense  scarlet  colour. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  Colchester,  had 
again  several  varieties  of  Nerine,  the  best  being  N. 
Fothergilli,  a  brilliant  scarlet,  of  much  usefulness  at  this 
season  ;  a  new  form  of  Cypripedium  insigne  named 
Wallaceii,  in  which  the  dorsal  sepal  is  spotted  a  dark 
brown,  and  margined  with  a  distinct  white  band,  the 
whole  flower  having  the  peculiar  varnished  look  of  this 
section  of  Cypripedia  ;  a  noteworthy  plant. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  sent  a  collection  of 
Cyclamen  in  good  bloom  and  of  rare  quality  ;  another, 
of  Bouvardias,  as  noticed  in  our  report  of  the  last 
meeting  ;  several  new  Chrysanthemums,  as  M.  Freeman, 
a  soft  rose-eoloured  Japanese  kind ;  La  Japonaise 
(Delaux),  orange-coloured  ;  M.  Vilmorin,  a  reddish- 
copper,  line  in  hue  and  form  ;  M.  Paul  Fabre,  red- 
brown  ;  and  a  few  others  of).  Japanese  incurved  and 
thread-petaUed  of  lesser  merit,  .\  useful  autumn 
flowering  Amaryllis,  Autumn  Charm,  a  rose-coloured 
flower  of  medium  size  and  good  form.  A  Silver-gilt 
Banksian  Medal  was  awarded  for  the  various  exhibits. 

Mr.  W.  Bull,  Chelsea,  sent  Pancratium  fragrans 
macrophyllum  in  good  bloom,  Dendrochilum  Cobbianum 
f,nganteum,  the  most  robust  variety,  and  showing  the 
longest  racemes  of  bloom,  which  arc  French-white  and 
yellow.  Other  plants  shown,  as  Mormodes  pardalinum 
unicolor,  Barkerias,  Vanda  Sanderianl,  V.  ccerulea, 
Oncidium  Forbesii,  Trichosma  suavis,  Catlleya  aurea, 
and  Lcelia  autumnalis  atrorubra.  are  specified  in  our 
notice  of  plants  in  bloom  at  this  nursery,  in  another  page. 
.A  fine  piece  of  Tillandsia  Lindeni  vera,  dwarf-habited, 
much  more  so  than  T.  Lindeni,  the  bracts  rose-coloured, 
and  the  flower  of  the  loveliest  shade  of  blue  imaginable  ; 
Alocasia  Sanderiana,  green  digitate  foliage,  white  mar- 
gined and  ribbed  ;  and  Eucharis  Mastersii,  nicely 
flowered,  a  mass  in  a  broad  pan,  the  flowers  thrown  well 
above  the  leaves.  A  rose-coloured,  tasselled  and  quilled 
Chrysanthemum,  M,  Ghys,  was  also  shown  by  Mr.  Bull. 

Messrs.  Page  &  Sons,  Grove  Nursery,  Teddington, 
received  a  Silver-gilt  Medal  for  an  excellent  collection  of 
Cyclamen,  showing  great  variety  in  colouring,  and,  for 
the  season,  unusual  size  and  substance  in  the  flowers. 

.\  very  fine  Gymnogramma  schizophylla  superba,  in  a 
lo-inch  pot,  came  from  Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to  J.  A.  Whil. 
lard,  Esq.,  Roydon  Mount,  Streatham  Hill,  S.W.  This 
Fern,  seldom  seen  so  large  as  this,  should,  with  a  con- 
tinuance of  good  treatment,  make  a  fine  show  specimen. 
It  was  Culturally  Commended. 

Mr.  Owen,  Floral  Nursery.  Maidenhead,  showed  the  un- 
usual feature,  at  this  period  of  the  year,  of  a  collection  of 
fresh-looking  single-flowered  Dahlias,  presumably  from 
plants  in  pots  ;  a  good  white  Pelargonium,  Duchesse  de 
Carrs  ;  a  yellow  Marguerite,  and  a  collection  of  Japanese 
Chrysanthemums,  cut  from  plants  struck  in  Junethis  year. 

Mr.  Martin,  Blexfield,  Henfield,  Sussex,  showed  a 
yellow  sport  from  the  Chrysanthemum  White  Globe, 
a  broad  petalled  incurved  flower,  the  best  point  in  it 
being  the  clear  canary-yellow  colour  ;  and  fine  Chrysan- 
themums in  pots  came  from  the  same  exhibitor. 

Mr.  Stevens,  nurseryman.  Putney,  showed  a  plant  of 
Chrysanthemum  Maiden's  Blush,  a  large,  almost  white 
flower,  broad  petalled  and  of  great  substance,  possibly 
an  exhibition  variety  of  merit. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


629 


Certificates. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum  M. 
A.  Vilmorin  ;  and  for  Amaryllis  Autumn  Charm. 

To  Mr.  Stevens,  for  Chrysanthemum  Maiden's  Blush. 

To  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  for  Cypripe- 
dium  Wallaceii. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  R.  Gilbert,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Taylor,  G.  F.  Pritchard,  J.  Noble,  — 
Harrison,  A.  Miller,  A.  Lancaster,  F.  T.  Rivers, 
B.  S.  Williams,  and  Rev.  H.  11.  D'Ombrain. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  showed  again  his  black  Grape, 
Winter  King",  well  coloured,  but  barely  ripe.  This 
should  be  a  deserving  sort  under  good  treatment,  but  as 
shown  it  was  acid  to  a  disagreeable  degree. 


which  the  general  effect,  especially  under  the  electric 
lighting,  was  very  satisfactory. 

In  an  average  season  this  date  is  fully  two  weeks  too 
early  ;  it  is  therefore  very  pleasing  to  record  the  fact 
that  the  exhibition  was  an  exceedingly  good  one,  the 
entries  being  very  numerous  and  quite  up  to  the  best 
standard  of  recent  years  in  quality.  In  some  of  the 
classes  the  competing  stands  were  very  close  to  each 
other,  and  the  judges  did  not  arrive  at  a  decision  without 
a  careful  comparison  of  the  individual  blooms.  The 
principal  class  was  an  open  one  for  cut  flowers. 

Twenty-four  incurved  and  as  many  Japanese,  not  less 
than  eighteen  varieties  of  each,  nor  more  than  two  of  one 
variety. — For  the  four  prizes  offered  in  this  class  there 
were  eleven  competitors,  the  ist  prize  being  awarded 
to  Mr.  E.  Molyneux,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Meyers,  Esq.,  Swan- 
more  Park,  Bishops'  Waltham.  His  flowers  were  much 
in  advance  of  those  exhibited  by  the  other  competitors: 
they  were  in  fact  wonderful  examples  of  good  cultivation. 


Fig.    143. — AfiRIDES   VANDARUM.       (sEE    P.    628.) 


Mr.  Rivers  showed  a  seedling  from  Gansel's  Berga- 
motle  Pear,  called  The  Parrot — perhaps  from  its  imitating 
the  qualities  of  the  parent  in  a  minor  degree. 

Mr.  A.  Miller,  Rood  Ashton  Park  Gardens,  showed 
seedling  Apples,  large  culinary,  which,  probably  from 
want  of  variations  from  old  kinds,  received  no  recogni- 
tion. Messrs.  Harrison  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Leicester, 
showed  seedlmg  Apples  Lord  Melbourne,  a  fruit  resem- 
bling Blenheim  Orange,  and  dishes  ol  Apple  Annie 
Elizabeth,  one  of  their  own  raising.  A  few  fruits  came 
from  Mr.  Lancaster,  Holkham  ;  Mr.  Noble,  Fortis 
Green  ;  Mr.  Pritchard,  Sittingboume  ;  and  Mr.  Taylor, 
Soham  ;  but  nothing  of  especial  merit. 


GRAND     CHRYSANTHEMUM      EXHIBI- 
TION  AT  THE   CRYSTAL  PALACE. 

Nov.  6  and  J. — This  excellent  show  was  held  in  the 
central  nave  of  the  building,  tables  for  cut  bloom  and 
dwarf  plants  occupying  the  centre  of  the  eastern  half, 
the  various  groups  having  been  disposed  at  wide  intervals 
in  front  of  the  bordering  beds  and  statuary — a  method  of 
arrangement  that  admitted  of  close  inspection,  and  of 


The  incurved  flowers  were,  back  row — Queen  of  England, 
Lord  Alcester,  Queen  of  England,  Alfred  Salter,  Em- 
press of  India,  Alfred  Salter,  Lord  Alcester,  Empress 
of  India  ;  second  row — Jean  d'Arc,  Princess  of  Wales, 
Emily  Dale,  Lord  Wolseley,  Princess  of  Wales,  Emily 
Dale,  John  Salter,  Golden  Empress  ;  third  row — Em- 
press Eugenie,  Jardin  des  Plantes,  Prince  Alfred, 
Princess  Beatrice,  Refulgence,  Lady  Hardinge,  Mr. 
Bunn,  Nil  Desperandum,  Japanese  :  back  row — 
Madame  C.  Audiguier,  Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey, 
Belle  Pauline,  a  charming  variety  ;  Val  d'Andorre, 
Baron  de  Prailly,  Val  d'Andorre,  Meg  Merrilies,  Madame 
C.  Audiguier  ;  second  row — Sceptre,  Toulouse,  Jeanne 
Delaux,  Criterion,  very  fine  ;  Madame  Deveille,  Meg 
Merrilies,  Madame  Bertie  RendaUer,  Belle  Pauline, 
Criterion  ;  third  row — Yellow  Dragon,  Mdlle.  Lacroix, 
Margaret  Marrouch,  Elaine,  Duchess  of  Albany,  Madame 
de  Sevin,^Soleil  Levant,  and  M.  Astorg  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gib- 
son, gr.  to  J.  Wormald,  Morden  Park,  Mitcham  ;  3d, 
Messrs,  Dover,  florists,  Fareham,  Hants  ;  4lh,  Mr.  F. 
Holmes,  gr.  to  A.  B.  Hill,  Esq.,  Clapham  Park. 

Eighteen  Incurved, 

In  this  class  Mr.  Molyneux  was  again  ist,  with  nearly 


similar  varieties  to  those  already  named  ;  Cherub,  Sir 
Stafford  Northcote,  and  Novelty,  were  additional.  Mr. 
Berry,  Roehampton  House,  S.  W.,  was  2d  :  Jeanne  d'Arc 
was  fine  in  this  stand,  as  it  was  throughout.  Mr,  J, 
Holmes,  gr.  to  G.  M.  Storey,  Esq.,  Nightingale  Lane, 
Balham,  was  3d,  with  smaller  flowers. 

Twelve  Incurved. 
Mr.  J.  Wyatt,  gr.  to  J.  Perry,  Esq.,  Braddenhurst, 
Caterham  Valley,  was  ist  ;  he  had  good  blooms  of  John 
Salter,  Empress  of  India,  Prince  Alfred,  While  Venus, 
&c.  Mr.  E.  Smith,  gr.  to  T.  Nye.  Esq.,  Oakville, 
Castle  Bar  Hill,  Ealing,  was  2d. 

Six  Alfred  Salter  Class. 
Mr.  Molyneux  was  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  six 
splendid  blooms  of  this  kind.  Mr.  Thomas  Sadler,  gr. 
to  C.  Lambert,  Esq.,  was  disqualified,  because  one  of 
his  blooms  of  Prince  Alfred  had  sported  to  another 
shade  of  colour.     The  2d  prize  was  withheld. 

Eighteen  Japanese  Bloums. 
The  class  brought  out  an  excellent  competition.  The 
ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  John  Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B. 
Haywood,  Esq.,  Woodhatch  Lodge,  Reigate.  Amongst 
other  fine  blooms  the  best  were  Dr.  Macary,  pale  rose  ; 
Japonaise,  Jeanne  Delaux,  The  Daimio,  and  Madame 
de  Sevin,  rich  rosy-purple  ;  Mr,  J.  W.  Springbett. 
Holly  Nursery,  Cheshunt,  was  a  good  2d  ;  he  had 
Madame  de  Sevin  and  Mons.  H.  Jacotot,  very  fine. 
Mr.  Jas.  Brown,  gr.  to  A,  J.  Waterlow,  Esq,,  Great 
Doods,  Reigate,  had  the  best  twelve  Japanese  blooms, 
and  Mr.  Molyneux  the  2d  best. 

Six  Japanese  Blooms  of  One  Variety. 
This  bro^ght  out  a  much  better  exhibition  than  the 
six  incurved!  Mr.  Molyneux  obtained  the  ist  place 
easily  with  six  remarkably  large  and  fine  blooms  of 
Madame  C.  Audiguier,  large  even  for  that  variety ; 
Mr.  C.  Orchard,  gr.  to  J.  Galsworthy.  Esq.,  Combe 
Warren,  Kingston-on-Thames,  was  2d  with  fine  blooms 
of  Mons.  Jacotot  ;  Mr.  Burnett,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Fenton, 
The  Grange,  Hillingdon,  Uxbridge,  was  3d,  with  only 
moderate  blooms  of  Triomphe  du  Nord.  Excellent 
blooms  of  Elaine  were  exhibited  by  Messrs.  Berry  & 
Sadler. 

Twelve  Blooms  of  Reflexed  Varieties. 
In  this  class  Mr.  Molyneux  was  easily  ist  with  a 
splendid  bloom  of  CuUingfordi,  rich  crimson-scarlet  ; 
Phidiis,  F^licit6,  white:  Mdlle.  Madehne  Tezier,  &c.  ; 
Mr.  Sadler  was  2d  ;  Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  gr,  to  E.  W. 
Nelson,  Esq.,  Ealing,  being  a  good  3d. 

Twelve  Large-Flowered  Anemones. 

Mr.  E.J.  Cole,  gr.  to  W.  Pethick,  Esq.,  J. P..  Sneyd 
Park,  Bristol,  gained  the  ist  prize — Empress,  Lady  Mar- 
garet, and  Gliick,  very  old  varieties,  were  the  best  of 
them.  Japanese  Anemones  were  not  admissible,  and 
Mr.  Gibson  was  disquahfied  owing  to  two  blooms  being 
in  his  stand.  Mr.  J.  T.  Salter  was  2d,  and  Mr.  E. 
Chadwick  3d. 

Mr.  Molyneux  gained  the  ist  prizes  for  twelve  pom- 
pons, three  blooms  of  each  variety,  and  also  for  twelve 
Anemone  pompons,  exhibited  in  the  same  way.  La 
Puret^  was  very  fine  in  the  former,  Antonius  and 
Madame  Montels  in  the  latter  class. 

Six  Japanese  Anemones. 

This  class  was  not  well  contested.     Mr,  E,  S.  Cole 

gained  the  ist  prize.     He  had  Madame  B.  Pigny,   very 

fine,    rosy-purple ;    also   Sceur    Doroth^e    Souille    and 

Madame  Closs  ;  Mr.  Springbett  was  2d. 

New  Varieties. 

Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.,  Stanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill, 
exhibited  a  considerable  number  of  the  best  new  Conti- 
nental Japanese  varieties,  and  many  good  seedling  forms 
raised  in  their  own  nursery.  First-class  Certificates 
were  awarded  to  John  Laing,  a  large  full  flower,  a  rich 
reddish  colour,  tinged  gold,  the  centre  petals  incurved, 
showing  the  reverse  of  a  golden  colour,  and  Madame 
Laing,  a  large  flower  with  broad  petals  of  a  straw  colour, 
the  centre  petals  tipped  yellow.  Alpha,  a  seedling 
raised  by  Messrs.  Laing,  is  very  promising,  but  the 
First-class  Certificate  which  it  will  probably  receive  some 
day  was  withheld,  owing  to  one  bloom  only  being  ex- 
hibited. The  seedling  plant.  Bronze  Queen  of  England, 
shown  by  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  was,  as  it  well  deserved 
to  be.  Commended. 

Groups. 

Plants  in  pots  arranged  for  effect,  not  less  than  100 
square  feet,  of  incurved  varieties,  were  staged  by  Mr.  G. 
Stevens,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Putney  ;  Messrs.  Laing  & 
Co.,  Forest  Hill  ;  and  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  HoU 
born,  who  received  the  awards  in  the  order  of  their 
names,  old  well  known  kinds  forming  the  majority  of 
those  shown. 

Groups  of  Japanese  varieties  of  the  same  extent  of 
superficial  area  were  staged  by  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co., 
ist  ;  Mr.  Stevens,  2d  ;  and  Mr.  G.  Edwards,  Balham 
Nurseries,  3d,  In  the  winning  group  were  nice  speci- 
mens of  Hy,  Jacotot,  rich  brown  ;  Alpha,  pale  lilac  ;  La 
Reine  Marie,  deeper  lilac  ;  Dormillir,  the  broad  petalled 
white  Madame  Astorg,  as  well  as  many  of  the  now  well 
appreciated  varieties  of  French  origin. 

Groups  by  Amateurs. 

Groups   of  plants  of  similar  extent  to  the  foregoing 

were  shown  by  Mr.  C.  Orchard,  gr.  to  J.  Galsworthy, 

Esq.,   Combe  Warren,    Kingston,   ist,   whose    plants 

were  well  assorted,  conspicuous  being  the  new  variety 


630 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  iS 


Cullingfordi  and  Sulphur  Gem.  both  fine  in  their  way  ; 
2d,  Mr.  W.  Websler,  f^r.  to  Mrs.  Scott,  Mavis  Bank, 
Grange  Road,  Upper  Norwood  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  S.  Bowman, 
London  Road,  West  Croydon. 

Six  trained  incurved,  amateurs.— ist,  Mr.  Cherry,  gr. 
to  Mrs.  Gabriel,  Norfolk  House.  Streatham.  S.W.,  for 
smallish  plants,  fairly  bloomed  ;  2d,  Mr.  ].  Weston,  gr. 
to  D.  Martineau,  Clapham  Park. 

Four  trained  incurved.~Mr.  W.  Clarke,  gr.  to  T.  Bass, 
Esq..  15,  Christchurch  Road.  Streatham,  S.W.,  ist  ; 
Mr.  ].  Howe.  gr.  to  Mrs.  F.  Bennett,  Tulse  Hill.  2d. 

For  si.v  trained  specimens  of  Japanese  kinds  there  was 
no  competition.  Mr.  C.  Portway,  gr.  to  B.  H.  Portal, 
Esq.,  Darentry  House,  Upper  Tooting  ;  Mr.  C.  Orchard, 
and  Mr.  A.  Luff,  gr.  to  R.  R.  Hyatt.  Esq.,  Leigham 
Court  Road,  Streatham,  were  respectively  ist,  2d.  and 
3d,  all  these  exhibits  being  of  medium  size,  and  in  the 
main  well  bloomed,  but  wanted  more  time  to  expand 
their  blooms. 

Six  trained  pompons.—Mr.  E.  Cherry  was  1st.  with 
pretty,  medium  sized  specimens  of  such  as  Brilliant,  La 
Vogue,  St.  Michael,  and  Perle  :  Mr.  J.  Weston  ad, 
having  plants  o!  3  feet  in  diameter,  full  of  bloom  ;  Mr. 
C.  Portway  3d. 


THE     NATIONAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
November  11  and  12. 

The  chief  show  of  this  Society  was  held  at  the  West- 
minster Aquarium  on  the  above  given  dates.  Here,  as 
elsevifhere.  the  blooms  were  not  so  large  and  fine  as 
usual,  owing  to  the  inclement  weather  in  early  autumn  ; 
but  the  various  plants  of  Chrysanthemums  shown  as 
pot-grown  specimens  left  nothing  to  be  wished  for  either 
in  flower  or  foliage  ;  so  abundantly,  indeed,  had  many  of 
the  new  forms  of  Japanese  hybrids  flowered,  and  so  mar- 
vellous was  the  variety  of  rich  colours,  that  it  was  a  sur- 
prise  even  to  habitue's  of  such  shows.  Nothing  seems  to 
have  given  so  much  zest  to  Chrysanthemum  growing  as 
the  ability  to  grow  these  gems  of  the  genus  ;  and  there 
are  many,  doubtless,  who  are  induced  10  commence  their 
culture,  easy  as  it  is.  in  almost  any  place,  by  what  is 
witnessed  at  these  meetings.  The  various  special 
manures  now  before  the  horticultural  public  may  be 
credited  with  some  of  the  general  excellence  of  the 
exhibits,  and  a  few  growers  were  at  this  meeting  so 
candid  as  to  mention  the  sort  of  fertiliser  employed, 
although  of  not  much  weight,  the  productions  not  being 
of  superlative  merit. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Taking  the  best  classes  of  cut  blooms  first  (open),  we 
have  that  of  forty-eight  Japanese,  in  not  less  than  twenty- 
four  varieties.  Air.  Lowry,  gr.  to  J.  MacAndrew,  Esq., 
Belmont,  Mill  Hill,  was  ist,  all  the  blooms  being  of  great 
merit,  and  very  much  so  were  Madame  de  Sevin,  Boule 
d'Or,  H.  J.acotot.  Mr.  J.  Laing,  Elaine,  Criterion, 
Japonaise,  Val  d'Andorre,  Soleil  Levant,  and  Album 
plenum,  the  chief  weight  being  found  iu  the  new  varie- 
ties mentioned,  older  ones  being  quite  up  to  the  mark 
likewise  ;  2d.  Mr.  Ridout.  gr.  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq., 
Woodhatch  Lodge.  Reigate,  who  had  put  up  an  almost 
equally  fine  collection. 

Twenty-four  Japanese,  distinct.— ist,  Mr.  T.  Bett- 
worth,  gr.  to  \i.  Ewing,  Esq.,  Cheshunt,  who  had 
amongst  other  fine  specimens  ot  Japanese  kinds,  Oracle, 
Grand  Monarch.  Gjrnett.  Triomphe  du  Nord,  Red 
Gauntlet,  H.  Jacotot,  Soleil  Levant,  Elaine,  Fulgore, 
M.  Taii.i,  and  Duchesse  de  Maury  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  J. 
Lowry,  with  M.  Hubert.  Belle  Pauhne.  Thunberg.  still 
one  of  the  best  yellows  ;  Comtesse  de  Beauregard,  ^L 
Dclaux,  and  Japonaise  ;  3d,  Mr.  Downie,  Ely.-Cambs. 

Twelve  Japanese,  distinct. — Mr.  Shoesmith,  gr.  to 
Rev.  Canon  Hodgson,  Saltwood  Rectory,  Hythe.  was 
1st,  with  very  b.;autiful  blooms,  that  would  have  been 
improved  by  some  more  attention  in  dressing,  his  best 
being  Soleil  Levant,  Ferand  Feral.  Jeanne  Delaux, 
Elaine.  Mr.  J.  Laing.  Agrement  de  la  Nature,  Meg 
Merrilies,  and  Madame  Ctemence  Audiguier  ;  2d,  Mr. 
G.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs,  Basseli,  South- 
ampton,  fine  blooms,  but  rather  wind-lorn  and  rough  ; 
3d,  Mr.  C.  Maxted,  gr.  to  ihe  Marquis  of  Ely,  Kearsney 
Abbey,  Dover. 

Six  Japanese,  one  variety  only.  — ist,  Mr.  |.  R.  Wild- 
man,  gr.,  The  Oatlands,  Clapham  Park,  whose  full 
blooms  of  Elaine  were  even  in  size  and  well  shown  ;  2d, 
Mr.  S.  Pratt,  gr,  to  Mrs.  Anderson,  Wavertry  Abbey, 
with  beautiful  blooms  of  Madame  C.  Audiguier  ;  3d, 
Mr.  C.  Herrin,  gr. ,  Chalfont  Park,  Bucks,  with  the  same 
variety  as  the  last  named. 

Six  Japanese,  distinct  (for  those  who  have  not  taken  a 
prize  for  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums). — ist,  Mr. 
Shoesmith,  with  very  nice  blooms  of  Jeanne  Delaux.  Meg 
Merrilies,  Madame  C.  Audiguier.  Iriomphe  du  Nord, 
.'Vgrement  de  la  Nature,  and  Ferand  Feral  ;  2d.  Mr.  D. 
Philips,  gr.  to  R.  H.  Mann,  Esq.,  Langley  Broom, 
Slough,  whose  best  were  Thunberg.  Triomphe  de  la 
Rue  des  Chartres,  Mons.  Ardennes  ;  3d,  Mr.  Browne, 
gr.  to  A.  Waterlow,  Esq.,  Great  Doids,  Reigate. 

Twelve  reflexed  blooms  in  not  less  than  six  varieties, 
^ist.  Mr.  Bettwonh  with  the  following  fine  sorts — 
King  of  Crimsons,  Golden  Christine.  Peach  Christine, 
Pink  Christine.  While  Christine,  and  Cloth  of  Gold,  an 
even  lot  as  regarded  quality  and  choice  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Wills.  Bassett,  with  Dr.  Sharpe.  King  of  Crimsons,  Peach 
and  Pink  Christines,  and  Cloth  of  Gold  ;  3d,  Mr.  C. 
Maxted. 

Twelve  large-flowered  Anemone-flowered,  distinct 
(Japanes  Anemones  being  excluded).— ist.  Mr.  Sullivan, 
gr.  to  D.  B.  Chapman,  Esq.,  Downshire  House,  Roe- 
hampton  ;  beautiful  flowers  of  this  section  were  observed 
in  tliis  lot  of  the  following — Lady  Margaret,  Empress, 
George  Sands,  Gliick,  Louis  Bonamy,  CJueen  Margaret, 
Acquisition,  and  Mrs.  Pelhers.     E.  Jukes,  Esq.,  Hope 


House,  Winchmore  Hill,  was  3d.  with  a  pretty  lot  of  well 
developed  blooms. 

Six  large-flowered  Anemone  blooms,  one  variety  only. — 
Mr.  Bettworth  was  ist,  with  the  fine  white  Lady  Margaret ; 
Mr.  M.  Sullivan  with  the  same  was  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Berry, 
gr.  to  the  Countess  of  Leven,  Roehampton  House,  Roe- 
hampton,  3d,  with  Gliick. 

Six  Japanese  Anemone-blooms,  in  not  less  than  three 
varieties. — ist,  Mr.  M.  SuUivan,  having  the  sorts  Fabian 
de  Madrenaz,  Sceur  Dorothee  Souille.  Madame  Closs, 
and  Madame  Cabrol  ;  2d.  E.  Jukes,  Esq.,  with  nearly 
similar  kinds  ;  3d.  Mr.  G.  Wills. 

Twelve  Anemone-pompon,  distinct,  three  flowers 
of  each  in  bunches  with  foliage. — In  this  minor  class  Mr. 
Butcher,  gr.  to  G.  Cusins.  Esq.,  Priory,  Hadley.  was  ist. 

Twelve  pompons,  distinct,  shown  in  the  same  way. — 
ist,  Mr.  Butcher. 

LvcuRVED  Flowers. 

Forty-eight  blooms  in  not  less  than  twenty-four 
varieties,  and  not  more  tlian  three  of  any  variety. — No 
ist  was  awarded  ;  2d.  Mr.  C.  Penford,  gr.  to  Sir  F. 
Fitzwigram,  Leigh  Park.  Havant,  his  finest  flowers 
being  Pink  Venus.  Golden  Empress,  Alfred  Salter, 
Jardin  des  Plantes.  Mr.  Howe,  Madame  Cobay  Barbara, 
Dr,  Sharpe,  NTabel  Ward,  Miss  M.  Morgan. 

Thirty-six  incurved  bloom?,  in  not  less  than  eighteen 
varieties, — ist,  Mr.  Gibson,  gr.  to  T.  Wormauld.  Esq., 
Morden  Park,  Surrey,  who  showed  flowers  of  mui-li  sub- 
stance, and  generally  were  the  perfection  ot  form  ;  extra 
were  A.  Salter,  Empress  of  India.  Lord  Wolseley,  Princess 
of  Wales.  Golden  Empress,  Prince  Alfred,  John  Salter, 
Golden  Eagle,  Lord  Alcester,  Nil  Desperandum.  and 
Lady  Hardmge  ;  2d.  Mr.  Berry,  whose  best  were  Prince 
Alfred,  Lord  Wolseley,  Jeanne  d'.Arc,  Empress  Eugenie. 
Emily  Dale,  and  Queen  of  England  ;  3d,  E.  Jukes,  Esq., 
with  perfect  blooms,  much  smaller. 

Twenty-four  incurved  varieties,  distinct. — ist.  Mr.  E. 
Sanderson,  St.  Mary's  Road,  Willesden.  with  a  very 
superior  even  stand  of  perfect  form,  and  to  which  a 
Silver  Cup.  in  addition  to  the  prize  of  money,  was 
awarded.  The  best  where  all  were  fine  were  Golden 
and  White  (^)ueens  of  England.  Nil  Desperandum, 
Empress  EugLiiie,  Princess  Beatrice.  Lord  .Mcester, 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  Lady  Hardinge,  and  Empress  of 
India;  2d,  Mr.  M.  Sullivan,  Lord  Alcester,  Mr.  Bimn. 
and  (Jueen  ot  England  being  very  superior  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Wildman. 

Eighteen  incurved  varieties,  distinct. — Here  Mr.  Berry 
was  a  good  ist.  Emily  Dale,  Refulgence,  Lord  Wolseley, 
Jeanne  d'Arc.  .\lfred  Salter.  Lord  Alcester,  and  Golden 
Empress  being  the  finest,  the  whole  stand  being  good, 
few  weak  points  being  noticeable.  2d,  Mr.  Major,  gr. 
to  J.  P.  Redstone,  Esq.,  Wyn  Park,  Potter's  Bar.  This 
stand  was  rather  unequal  as  to  quality,  the  best  speci- 
mens being  Queen  of  England.  Lord  Wolseley.  Alfred 
Salter,  and  Empress  of  India  ;  3d.  Mr.  E.  Sanderson, 
with  flowers  of  txceilent  finish  but  smill. 

Twelve  incurved  varieties,  distinct. — ist,  Mr.  Shoe- 
smith,  with  magnificent  blooms  of  Queen  of  England. 
Golden  Empress,  Empress  of  India.  Mrs.  Heale.  John 
Salter,  and  iVincess  of  Wales  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Broom,  gr  , 
Nazeing  Park,  Waltham  Cross,  with  small  but  perfectly 
finished  examples  ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  Smith. 

Six  incurved  varieties,  for  those  who  have  not  taken 
a  prize  for  cut  flowers  ol  Chrysanthemums  in  previous 
years. — ist.  Mr.  Shoesmith.  with  very  fine  blooms  of 
Princess  of  Wales.  Mrs.  Heale,  J.  Sailer,  and  Empress 
of  India;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Payne,  gr..  Grenville,  Upper 
Clapton,  with  flowers  much  less  large. 

Six  incurved  blooms,  one  variety  only. — ist,  Mr.  Bur- 
nett, gr.  to  Mrs.  Foster,  The  Grange,  Hillingdon— a 
capital  lot  of  Golden  Empress  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Herrin,  with 
Jeanne  d'Arc.  much  smaller  ;  3d,  Mr.  Sullivan,  with 
Queen  of  England. 

Am,\teurs. 

Twelve  incurved  blooms,  distinct.— ist.  Mr.  Hillit-r. 
13.  Priory  Road,  Wandsworth,  with  perfect  blooms  of 
Nil  Desperandum.  Mrs.  Heale.  Queen  of  England.  John 
Salter,  Princess  of  Teck.  Golden  Empress,  Mrs.  Brun- 
lees,  Lord  Alcester  ;  2d.  Mr.,  Bingham,  22,  Manor  Road, 
Stoke  Newington  ;  3d.  Mr.  Wildman. 

Six  incurved  blooms,  distinct.— ist,  Mr.  Wildman— 
Lord  Alcester,  Mrs.  Bunn,  Prince  of  Wales,  Empress 
Eugenie,  and  Lord  Wolseley  being  his  finest  blooms  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Bingham. 

Twelve  Japanese,  distinct.— ist,  Mr.  J.  J.  Hillier. 
Wandsworth  ;  fine  were  T.  Todman,  Madame  Candry- 
nier.  Flamme  de  Punch,  M.  Delaux,  Fair  Maid  of 
Guernsey,  Golden  Dragon,  and  Val  d'Andorre  ;  2d.  Mr. 
Walker,  12,  Lingfield  Road,  Wimbledon— F.  A.  Davis, 
Criterion,  Val  d'Andorre,  Cry  Kang,  and  Peter  the 
Great  being  meritorious  flowers. 

Six  Japanese,  distinct.— ist,  Mr.  Hillier,  with  Crite- 
rion, Madame  Marouche,  M.  Delaux.  and  Mdlie. 
Lacroix  .  2d,  Mr.  H.  Downie  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Walker. 

Metropolitan  Classes. 

Twenty-four  incurved,  in  not  less  than  eighteen  varie- 
ties.— ist.  Mr.  G.  Langdon,  gr.  to  Messrs.  Monroe  & 
Adams,  Brook  House,  Clapton— a  fine  stand  of  standard 
kinds,  even  in  quaUty.  and  with  few  weak  points ;  2d. 
Mr.  G.lbey.  The  Cazenoves,  UpperClapton,  with  a  good 
stand  ;  3d,  Mr.  Nichols,  gr.  to  J.  Ogden,  Esq.,  Verandah 
House,  Clapton  Common. 

Twelve  incurved  varieties,  distinct. —  ist,  Mr.  G. 
Langdon,  a  first-class  stand,  the  only  weak  ones  being 
those  which  usually  are  undersized,  and  which  therefore 
meet  with  less  favour  ;  2d,  Mr.  Martin,  gr.  to  H. 
Mathews,  Esq  ,  The  Cedars.  Woodbury  Down,  a  good 
stand  of  blooms  ;  3d,  Mr   W.  Payee. 

Six  incurved,  distinct.  —  ist,  Mr.  Langdon,  with 
excellent  blooms  of  old  fa,vourites ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Payne  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Gilbey. 


Twelve  Japanese,  distinct. — ist.  Mr.  Gilbey,  with 
blooms  of  medium  dimensions  ;  2d,  Mr.  Langdon  ;  3d, 
Mr.  W.  Martin. 

Six  Japanese,  distinct.— Mr.  W.  Martin  rst,  Mr.  W. 
Payne  2d. 

Pot  Plants. 

A  group  of  Japanese  varieties  only,  60  square  feet. — 
ist.  Mr.  Stevens,  Nursery.  Putney,  put  up  an  attractive 
group  of  the  newer  kinds,  well  assorted  and  abundant  in 
leaf;  the  plants  had  been  grown  in  Crute's  concave  pot. 
2d,  Mr.  Davis,  Nursery.  Camberwcll,  aUo  a  fine  group, 
ranging  from  2V  to  5  feet  high,  and  the  kinds  the 
popular  new  ones. 

Group  of  Chrysanthemums,  excluding  Japanese  kinds. 
— Here  again  Mr.  Stevens  was  ist  with  an  excellent  lot, 
the  blooms  even  in  size  and  plenty  of  them,  yellow  pre- 
dominating ;  2d,  Mr.  Davis,  plants  as  large  as  the 
foregoing,  but  with  smaller  blooms. 

Nine  trained  specimens,  large  flowered. — ist,  Mr. 
Monk,  Forest  House,  Leytonslone.  a  capitally  flowered 
group  of  plants,  averaging  3  feet  in  diameter  ;  2d,  Mr. 
C.  Cherry,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gabriel,  Norfolk  House,  Streat- 
ham, clean,  vigorous,  semi-globular  plants  ;  3d.  Mr. 
Clarke,  gr.  to  J.  Bass,  Esq.,  Roupell  Park,  Streatham, 
medium-sized  plants. 

Four  trained  specimens,  large-flowered  varieties. — ist, 
Mr.  F.  Moore,  gr.,  Blendon  Hall,  Bexley  Heath  ;  these 
were  very  fine  plants,  globular  in  form,  on  4  feet  stems, 
and  as  full  of  bloom  as  it  is  possible  to  have  them,  the 
sorts  being  Chinaman,  Roseum  snperbum,  Curiosity,  and 
Elaine.  2d,  Mr.  Gilbey,  equally  as  well  flowered  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Monk. 

Six  trained  Japanese  varieties  in  pots,  not  larger  than 
12  inches. — isl,  Mr.  Monk,  with  nicely-flowered  pyra- 
mids ;  3d,  Mr.  Lovegrove,  gr.  to  H.  Spicer,  Aberdeen 
Park,  Highbury. 

Four  trained  specimens.  Japanese  or  pompons,  in  pots 
not  exceeding  12  inches. — ist.  M'.  Gilbey,  with  Bouquet 
Fait,  Dr.  Macary,  and  Dr.  Sharps,  splendid  specimens, 
seldom  if  ever  equalled  for  colour  and  floriferousness  ; 
2d.  Mr.  F.  Moore,  but  little  less  good,  of  Hiver  Fleur, 
Elaine,  and  Bouquet  Fait  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Clarke. 

Six  trained  pompons. — ist,  Mr.  E.  Cherry,  with  pyra- 
midal bushes,  well  bloomed. 

Single  specimen  Chrysanthemum,  any  variety,  and  in 
any  form.  —  ist.  Mr.  Monk,  with  robust,  massive  plant 
of  the  deep  coppery-red  George  Gordon,  well  foliagtd, 
and  covered  with  blooms;  2d.  Mr.  Wills,  with  a  plant 
of  6  feet  in  diameter,  flowered  profusely,  of  La  Nymphe  ; 
3d.  Mr.  Gilbey,  with  a  good  specimen  of  Tile  des  Plaisirs. 
.An  extra  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Howe,  for  a  speci- 
men of  Sceur  Melanie. 

Miscellaneous. 

Mr.  Robert  Owen,  nurseries,  Maidenhead,  showed 
boxes  of  single  Dahlias  and  Chrysanthemums  ;  as  did 
also  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley.  making  a  fine 
show  with  nine  boxes  of  Chrysanthemums  of  all  sections, 
put  up  with  their  foliage  in  bunches  of  three  or  more 
blooms. 

Mr.  Springbett,  nurseries,  Cheshunt,  had  hkewise  a 
great  quantity  ol  similar  stuff,  but  not  for  competition. 

Mr.  Crute,  the  inventor  of  the  concave-boltomed 
flower-pot.  had  a  large  pyramid  formed  of  these  pots,  in 
all  the  various  sizes  in  which  he  makes  them.  His  other 
exhibits  were  rustic  upright  boxes  for  balconies  and  win- 
dows, made  to  resemble  wood,  but  wliich  being  of  clay  and 
very  massive,  are  much  to  be  preferred  to  cork,  wood, 
and  the  like  ;  likewise  an  urn.  of  a  rustic  pattern,  to  hold 
plants  which  are  used  in  rooms  ;  the  upper  half  is  in 
two,  and  removable  when  the  plant  is  required  10  be  put 
into  it.  Various  other  designs  in  useful  domestic  garden 
pottery  were  to  be  seen  in  this  stand. 

Mr.  T.  Ware,  Tottenham,  exhibited  a  box  of  new 
single-flowered  forms  of  Chrysanthemums. 

Mr.  Wright,  gr,  Middle  Temple,  showed  a  stand  of 
well-finished  blooms  of  the  bright  red-brown  Chrysan- 
themum Cullingfordii,  but  which  was  not  specially  recog- 
nised by  the  committee.  He  was.  nevertheless,  awarded 
a  Silver  Medal  for  six  new  forms--Jupita.  a  red  Japan- 
ese ;  Madame  J.  Laing.  M.  Freeman,  M.  Vivian  Morel, 
a  pale  primrose  ;  Belle  Etoile,  bronze  ;  and  Souvenir 
d'Haarlem,  bright  pi.ik. 

Certificates. 

To  Mr.  Davis,  Camberwell,  for  Dr.  Burrell.  a  golden- 
bronze  ;  Madame  Fabola,  and  for  the  same  kinds  as 
those  for  which  Mr.  Wright  received  the  Silver  Medal 
of  the  Society. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holborn,  for  bronze 
sport  from  Queen  ot  England, 

To  Mr.  Stevens,  Putney,  for  Maiden's  Blush. 

Fruit, 
Rarely  at  this  show  have  Grapes  been  so  admirably 
represented  as  on  this  occasion,  for  there  were,  to  begin 
with,  no  less  than  eight  collections  each  of  twelve  bunches, 
and  the  class  included  many  first-class  samples.  Mr. 
Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bith.  Longleat.  was  ist 
here,  with  four  grand  clusters  of  Black  Alicante,  four 
■good  bunches  of  Lady  Downe's,  and  four  superb  Muscat 
of  Alexandria.  It  was  unfortunate  in  the  interests  of 
Mr.  WalUs,  Keele  Hall  Gardens,  that  the  term  collection 
should  have  been  interpreted  to  be  met  with  three  kinds 
only,  although  they  were  of  superb  quality.  Mr.  Wallis, 
holding  that  variety  was  required  sent  twelve  kinds  in 
twelve  bunches,  and  a  most  meritorious  and  interesting 
lot  they  were.  It  comorised.  of  blacks,  Burchard's  Prince, 
Mrs.  Pince's  Black  ^^uscat.  Barbarossa.  Black  Alicante, 
Lady  Downe's,  Gios  Maroc,  Gros  Colmar,  and  Alnwick 
Seedling;  and  ot  wl.ites,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  While 
Tokay.  Mrs.  Pearson,  and  Royal  Vineyard.  Mr.  Oiman, 
Ottershaw  Gardens,  Chertsey,  was  3d,  having  four  kinds 
only. 


November  14,  18S5.] 


TxHE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE. 


631 


In  ihe  class  lor  white  Grapes,  three  bunches,  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  were  shown  the  best  ;  very  well  finished 
samples  coming  from  Mr.  S.  Castle,  gr.  to  F.  J.  Cooke, 
Esq..  West  Lynn;  Mr.  Wallis  coming  2d,  and  Mr. 
PciUins,  gr.  to  the  Right  Hon.  W.  H.  Smith,  M.P., 
Henley-on-Thames,  was  3d. 

Eight  lots  of  three  bunches  of  black  kinds  were  staged, 
the  finest,  huge  massive  clusters  of  Black  Alicante,  weigh- 
ing 15J  lb.,  from  Mr.  Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq., 
Sirealham  Common,  coming  ist  ;  and  some  superbly 
finished,  though  medium  sized  bunches,  of  Gros  Colmar, 
from  Mr.  Casile.  being  placed  2d  ;  Mr.  Osman  coming 
3d,  with  good  Pmce's  Black  Muscat.  The  other  lots 
were  chiefly  Black  Alicante. 

Pears  made  a  good  show,  as  might  have  been  expected, 
some  eleven  lots  of  six  dishes  being  in  competition.  Of 
these  the  best  came  from  Mr.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  C.  A. 
Hoare,  Esq. ,  Beckenham,  who  had  good  dishes  of 
Beurre  Clairgeau,  Beurri^  Superfin,  Duchesse  d'Angou- 
Ifime.  Durandeau,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  and  Doyenne 
du  Comice  ;  Mr.  G.  Duncan,  Warnham  Court  Gardens, 
Horsham,  was  next,  with  good  Doyenni^  du  Comice, 
Flemish  Beauty,  Beurrc'  Diel,  and  sorts  named  above  ; 
whilst  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  A.  Brassey,  Esq., 
Maidstone,  had  capital  Chaumontel,  Glou  Morccau, 
Triomphe  de  Jodoigne,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  iJcc. 

Dessert  Apples  were  a  remarkable  feature,  as  no  less 
than  fifteen  collections,  each  of  six  dishes,  were  staged, 
and  generally  the  samples  gave  rich  colour  and  good 
quality.  Mr.  Jacob,  of  Petworth,  Sussex,  came  ist,  with 
good  samples  of  Ribston.  Cox's  Orange,  and  King  of 
the  Pippins,  Lewis'  Incomparable.  Nancy,  and  Wmter 
Traveller,  the  latter  kind  not  being  much  known.  It 
much  resembles  the  Ribston.  Mr.  F.  Miller,  of  Mar-  - 
gate,  was  2d,  with  pretty  Blenheim.  King,  Ribston,  and 
Fearn's  Pippins.  Scarlet  Pearmain,  full  of  colour,  and 
Cornish  Aromatic  ;  Mr.  C.  Ross,  gr.  to  C.  Eyre.  Esq., 
Welford  Park,  Newbury,  was  3d,  In  the  other  collec- 
tions were  good  Cornish  Gillyflower,  Adams'  Pearmain, 
Aromatic  Russet,  Winter  Pearmain,  Welford  Park  Non- 
such, &c. 

Kitchen  Apples  were  represented  by  eleven  collections 
of  six  dishes,  Mr.  Ross  coming  to  the  front  with  good- 
sized,  even,  and  very  handsome  samples  of  Mere  de 
Mt^nage,  Cox's  Pomona.  Peasgood's  Nonsuch.  Stirling 
Castle.  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  very  good  ;  and  Waltham 
Abbey  Seedling.  Mr.  Miller,  who  was  2d,  had  this 
latter  kind  very  fine  indeed  in  his  six  dishes,  as  also 
Emperor  Alexander,  Blenheim  Pippin,  .'\nne  Elizabeth, 
Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  and  Kentish  Fillbasket.  Mr. 
Waterman  was  3d.  Lord  Derby,  Wellington,  Alfriston, 
Hoary  Morning,  and  Striped  Beefing  were  also  shown 
very  finely. 

POT.VTOS. 

Four  collections  of  twelve  kinds  only  were  staged  ;  the 
finest,  certainly  rather  large  samples,  though  handsome 
also,  coming  from  Mr.  Howard,  of  Bridge,  Cantt^rbury — 
a  veteran  grower,  who  had  of  coloured  kinds.  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  The  Dean,  Reading  Russet,  Beauty  of  Hebron, 
and  Brownell's  Best  ;  and  of  white  kinds,  Snowflake, 
Ashtop  Fluke,  Radstock  Kidney,  and  Schoolmaster, 
good  ;  Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ealing,  came  2d  with  very  pretty 
samples  of  The  Dean,  Rosebud,  Edgecote  Purple,  Car- 
dinal, and  Vicar  of  Lalcham,  coloured  sorts  ;  and  of 
white  kinds,  Magnum  Bonum,  Chancellor,  Prime 
Minister  ;  Lily  White,  and  Recorder. 

Mr.  C.  Wiles,  Edgecote,  Banbury,  was  3d  in  the 
class  for  six  dishes — five  lots  competing.  The  places  were 
taken  in  the  same  way  by  the  same  exliibitors  ;  and  kinds 
above  named  were  chiefly  shown.  Mr.  Howard  had  The 
Dem  and  Chancellor  in  fine  form  ;  and  Cosmopolitan 
in  the  second  lot  was  admirable. 

Special  Prizes. 

Thanks  to  the  generosity  of  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  of 
Reading,  who  offered  liberal  prizes  for  a  collection  of  six 
kinds  of  vegetables,  there  was  a  fine  show  of  these, 
the  quality  being  generally  excellent, 

Mr.  Miller,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Long,  Esq.,  Rood  Ashton, 
was  ist,  having  handsome  Rousham  Park  Onions, 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflowers,  Stamfordian  Tomatos, 
Schoolmaster  Potatos,  Aigburth  Brussels  Sprouts,  and 
excellent  Carrots.  Mr.  Haines,  Coleshill  Gardens,  Wilts, 
was  2d,  having  superb  Rousham  Park  Onions,  Autumn 
Giant  Cauliflowers,  Lyon  Leeks,  and  Carrots,  but  his 
Tomatos  and  Potatos  were  a  httle  weak  ;  Mr.  May,  gr. 
to  Captain  Le  Blanc,  Barnet,  was  3d  ;  Mr.  Waite,  Glen- 
hurst,  Esher,  4th  ;  and  Mr.  Waterman,  who  had  dwaif 
Beins,  good  Asparagus,  and  Mushrooms,  5ih. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley,  oftered  prizes  also 
for  six  kinds  of  vegetables,  but  the  competition  was 
limited  to  six  collections.  Here  Mr.  Haines  was  ist, 
with  Cauliflowers,  Student  Parsnips,  Leeks,  Anglo  White 
Onions,  Carrots,  Potatos,  &c. ;  Mr.  May  was  2d,  having 
fine  stems  of  his  selected  Brussels  Sprouts,  a  perfect 
strain  ;  and  Mr.  Waite  was  3d. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  exhibited  a  large  and  varied 
collection  of  Potatos  ;  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons  a  very  fine 
and  interesting  collection  of  Apples  and  Pears,  some 
hundred  dishes  ;  Mr.  T.  Laxton  had  samples  of  new 
Apples  and  Potatos. 


RICHMOND    HORTICULTURAL: 

Novembers  and  6. 
This  popular  Society  held  its  fifth  annual  Chrysanthe- 
mum Show  in  the  spacious  rooms  behind  the  "  Castle  " 
Hotel,  Richmond,  on  the  above  dates,  and  was  enabled 
to  present  a  first-class  display  of  autumn  produce  in 
plants,  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables  to  its  patrons, 
amongst  whom  was  the  President,  the  Duke  of  Teck, 
who,  with  the  Duchess  of  Teck  and  their  elder 
daughter,  visited  the  show  early  on  the  sth  inst.  A 
class  lor  decorative  groups  of  the  usual  mixed  order 


afforded  Mr.  Bruchchaus,  man,iger  to  the  Messrs. 
Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenliam,  opportunity  to  display  his 
admirable  abiliiy  in  the  arr.ingments.  The  U5u:il  base  of 
Ferns  edged  with  Panicum  variegatum,  and  topped  with 
Palms,  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  Caladiums,  &c.,  was  richly 
Ht  up  wiiii  flowering  plants.  Tree  Carnations,  GloxinFas, 
Gesneras,  Cyclamens,  tic.  Mr.  W.  Brown  was  2d  in 
this  class  ;  and  Mr.  j.  R.  Chard,  Clapham.  had  a  very 
meritorious  arrangment  of  Palms  and  Ferns,  the  former 
being  elevated  on  mounds  of  moss,  while  Ferns  were 
dotted  and  irregularly  placed  with  much  taste.  The 
Palms  weie  scarcely  good  for  the  purpose,  and  for  the 
time  of  year  some  hie  was  wanting  in  the  group,  but 
still  the  effort  at  some  originaUty  was  of  so  meritorious 
a  kind  as  to  evoke  high  praise 

Groups. 
The  finest  group  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots  came  from 
Mr.  W.  Campion,  gr.  to  Thomas  Cave,  Esq.,  Richmond. 
It  was  of  the  usual  solid,  massive  character,  the  plan  Is  well 
grown  and  foliaged,  and  the  blooms  of  the  finest  qu  ililv," 
including  qrmsiderable  variety  ;  Mr.  J.  Munro,  gr.  to  E. 

D.  Paul,  Esq.,  Cambridge  House,  Twickenham,  came 
2d  with  large  tall  plants,  Japanese  kinds  preponderating. 
Mr.  Brookes,  gr.  to  J.  B.  Hilditch.  Esq.,  Richmond, 
was  3d.  The  only  six  trained  plants  came  from  Mr. 
Sallows,  gr.  to  J.  J.  Flack,  Esq  ,  Twickenham,  and 
included  some  good  specimens  of  Hiver  Fleur,  L'lle 
des  Plaisirs,  admirably  bloomed,  and  the  usual  trio  of  the 
Rundles.  The  three  latter  agiiii  appeared,  ad  nauseam, 
in  the  c!a':S  for  three  trained  standards,  the  best  coming 
from  Mr.  H.  EUiott,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Harrison,  Richmond  ; 
Mr.  Sallows  coming  2d  with  the  same  kind.  I  hope 
the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  only  one  of  this  trio  will 
be  admitted  into  any  small  collection. 

Table  Plants. 
A  fine  line  of  some  three  dozen  of  table  plants  were 
staged,  the  best  half-dozen  coming  from  Mr.  Chard, 
who  had  pretty  and  rich  coloured  Crotons,  Draccenas. 
and  Palms.  The  best  six  Chinese  Primulas,  all  single 
whites,  came  from  Mr.  Garrod,  gr.  to  [.  M.  Llndell, 
Esq.,  Twickenham  ;  and  the  best  six  berried  plants 
for  table  decoration  were  from   Mr.  Newell,  gr.  to  Mr. 

E.  Saunders.  Wimbledon,  and  were  charmingly  fruited, 
Prince  of  Wales,  yellow,  pendent  fruited,  and  Sutton's 
Scarlet  Tom  Thumb,  erect-fruited  Capsicums.  A  prettily 
arranged  basket  of  decorative  plants  won  the  ist  prize 
in  that  class  from  the  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.  ;  Mr.  A. 
Bates,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Meek,  Poulett  Lodge,  Twickenliam, 
coming  2d,  with  some  admir.ably  flowered  plants.  A 
noticeable  feature  among  honorary  groups  was  a  fine 
collection  of  pot  Cyclamens,  from  Messrs.  Page  of  Ted- 
dington,  who  now  take  high  rank  amongst  market 
growers  of  these  winter  flowers. 

Cut  Blooms. 

The  chief  attraction  of  the  show  was  no  doubt  found 
in  the  classes  for  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums, 
which  were  all  well  filled,  and  there  were  no  less  than 
five  entries  for  the|premier  cla:^s  of  forty-eight  blooms, 
half  incurved  and  half  Japanese,  wherein  Mr.  Gibson. 
gr.  to  J.  Wormauld,  Esq.,  Wimbledon,  was  ist,  with 
some  good  blooms,  though  not  equal  to  what  may  be 
looked  lor  at  later  shows.  His  Japanese  included  good 
Jeanne  Delaux,  Elaine.  Mr.  Delaux,  Peter  the  Great, 
Flamme  de  Punch,  &c  ,  and  of  incurved  were  Lord 
Wolesley,  Refulgence,  Empress  of  India,  Novelty,  Prince 
Alfred,  Alfred  Salter,  and  Midshipman  ;  the  2d  and  a 
fine  lot  of  blooms  came  from  Mr.  Sullivan,  gr.  to  D.  B. 
Chapman,  Esq.,  Roehampton  ;  and  Mr.  Elphick,  gr.  to 
J.  Chetton,  Esq.,  Reigate,  was  3d. 

With  twenty-four  incurved  flowers,  Mr.  Sullivan  was 
ist,  his  stand  including  fine  Prince  Alfred.  Alfred 
Salter,  Lord  Wolseley,  Madame  Madeline  Teizer,  John 
Salter,  Princess  Beatrice,  cVc. ;  Mr.  J.  Bennett,  Wim- 
bledon, was  2d. 

A  fine  lot  of  blooms  were  shown  in  the  class  for  twelve 
incurved  flowers,  the  finest,  from  Mr.  Coombs,  being 
Queen  of  England,  Empress  of  India,  Golden  and 
White,  Lord  Alcester,  A.  Salter,  Prince  Alfred,  Prince 
of  Wales,  Lord  Wolseley,  Jc-anne  d'Arc,  Mr.  Bunn, 
and  While  Beverley.  Mr.  Elliott  was  2d  in  this  class, 
and  Mr.  Woodgate,  gr.  to  Lord  Wolverlon,  Coombe 
Wood,  3d. 

The  class  for  twenty-four  Japanese  was  a  good  one, 
the  best  lot  coming  from  Mr.  Bennett,  who  had  in 
good  form  F.  A.  Davis,  Roseum  superbum,  M.  H. 
Jacotot,  Diana,  Criterion,  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  Madame 
C.  Audiguier,  &c.  ;  Mr.  Woodgate  was  2d,  with 
small  but  exceedingly  fresh  blooms  ;  and  Mr.  Monro 
came  3d. 

With  twelve  Japanese.  Mr.  Benson,  gr.  to  W.  H. 
Roots,  Esq.,  Kingston,  v/as  ist;  Mr.  Monro  2d,  and 
Mr.  Coombs,  Teddington,  3d. 

Mr.  Benson  had  the  best  six  Japanese  blooms  in  Cri- 
terion, M.  Lacroix,  Soleil  Levant,  Val  d'Andorre, 
Comte  de  Germiny,  &c. ;  Mr.  Bennett  was  2d. 

Mr.  Munro  had  the  finest  six  Japanese  of  any  one 
kind  in  Madame  C.  Audiguier,  and  Mr.  Brown  tlie 
finest  six  incurved  of  one  kind  in  grand  blooms  of 
Jeanne  d'Arc  ;  Messrs.  SulUvan,  Bennett,  and  Gibson 
having  the  best  twelve  Anemone  flowers  in  the  order 
placed. 

Bouquets. 

Bouquets  were  found  in  two  classes.  In  the  one  the 
best  came  from  Messrs.  Mariin  &  Co.,  of  Kensington, 
and  in  the  other  from  Mr.  W.  Brown,  of  Richmond. 
Both  were  chiefly  composed  of  white  flowers  relieved  by 
small  ones  of  mauve,  and  Catlleyas,  Pleiones,  &c.,  with 
Fern  fronds.  Some  of  the  competing  bouquets  were  too 
flat  and  stiff,  others  too  much  overdone  with  variety  in 
flower  and  colour. 

The  prettiest  six  buttonhole  and  ladies'  bouquets  came 


from  Mrs.  Skewes  Cox,  of  Richmond,  whose  arrange- 
ments were  perfect,  each  pairmatcliing — white  Tuberoses 
and  Blue  Violets  in  one  case,  and  Safrano  Rosebuds 
and  scarlet  Bouvardias  in  another  were  charming.  Miss 
H.  B.  Smith,  Ealing  Dean,  showed  here  two  superb 
bouquets,  a  floral  fan,  and  several  sprays  for  ladies,  as 
described  in  our  Ealing  show  report  last  week.  These 
arrangements  elicited  much  admiration. 

Table  Stands 
were  largely  shown  in  several  classes — one  for  Chrysan- 
themums and  Ferns,  of  which  Mr.  Chard  had  the  best  ; 
one  for  vases  adorned  with  hardy  foliage  and  berries,  the 
best  coming  from  Mr.  Tipping,  of  Richmond  ;  and  a 
class  for  three  stands,  the  ist  prize  going  to  Mrs.  Ashby, 
Richmond,  but  rather  overdone,  the  colour  of  the 
scarlet  Anthuriuni  spathes  killing  Poinsellias. 

Fruits. 

A  fine  collection  of  twenty  dishes  was  shown  by  Mr. 
Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  Gunnersbury 
House,  who  had  superb  Black  Alicante,  Gros  Maroc, 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Alnwick  SeedHng  Grapes, 
Pine,  Apples,  Pears.  Medlars,  &c. 

The  best  six  dishes  of  fruits  in  two  separate  classes 
came  in  each  case  from  Mr.  Bates,  who  had  capital 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  and  Alicante  Grapes,  Pine,  Apples, 
Pears,  &c.  Mr.  Campion  was  2d  in  one  class,  and  Mr. 
Munro  in  the  other. 

Mr.  Campion  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  black 
Grapes  in  finely  finished  Gros  Colmar,  almost  blue  ;  Mr. 
Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq.,  Streatham,  coming  2d,  with 
fine  Alicantes. 

Mr.  Bates  had  the  best  pair  of  bunches  of  white  Grapes 
in  superbly  finished  MuscLit  of  Alexandria,  Mr.  Osman, 
Chertsey,  coming  2d,  and  Mr.  Campion  3d,  with  same 
kind. 

There  was  a  large  competition  in  that  for  four  dishes  of 
Pears,  Mr.  W.  Davis,  Teddington,  having  the  best  in 
Louise  Bonne,  Flemish  .Beauty,  Doyennil'  du  Comice, 
and  Beurrc-  Bosc. 

The  best  four  dishes  of  Apples,  two  to  be  of  dessert 
kinds  and  two  of  kitchen  kinds,  came  from  Mr.  Coombs, 
Sheen  House  Gardens,  who  had  fine  Ribston  and  King 
Pippins,  Nelson's  Glory,  and  Reinettc  du  Canada.  Mr. 
Chadwick.  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Ealing,  was  next, 
with  good  Hanwell  Souring,  and  Warners  King  and 
some  dessert  kinds.  There  were  fourteen  lots  in  this 
competition. 

The  best  Tomatos,  Stamfordian,  came  from  Mr. 
Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Colonel  Talbot,  Esher,  who  also 
had  the  best  collection  of  six  kinds  of  vegetables  in  fine 
Rousham  Park  Onions.  Magnum  Bonum  Potatos, 
Brussels  Sproms,  Giant  Cauliflowers,  Intermediate  Car- 
rots, and  Tomatos— a  first-class  lot  of  vegetables. 

There  was  a  capital  competition  in  the  cottagers 
classes  also.    A.  D, 


KINGSTON  AND  SURBITON  CHRYSAN- 
THEMUM  :    November  10  and  11. 

The  ninth  annual  show  of  the  above  Society  was  held 
in  the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  Tuesday  and  Wednes- 
day last,  and,  as  is  its  wont,  proved  equal  to  the  best 
display  of  the  kind  previously  held  during  the  season. 
An  especial  interest  attaches  to  this  exhibition,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  a  Challenge  Cup,  value  25  guineas,  is  annu- 
ally offered  in  open  competition,  and  when  it  has  been 
won  by  the  same  exhibitor  on  two  separate  occasions  it 
becomes  his  absolute  property.  The  Kingston  Drill 
Hall  is  especially  adapted  for  show  purposes  ;  com- 
prising a  single  span-roof  of  large  extent,  it  admits  ol  the 
grouping  of  plants  in  every  form  around  the  walls.  The 
several  cross  tables  were  embellished  with  dinner-table 
plants  of  a  small  size  :  and  ample  room  was  allowed 
for  the  arrangement  of  cut  blooms  in  classes,  and  for 
their  examination  by  all.  The  present  display,  when 
compared  with  those  held  by  this  Society  in  past  years, 
was  fully  equal  to  the  best  of  them,  one  exception 
being  a  (ailing  off  in  the  matter  of  pot-grovv-n  pompons, 
—entirely  due  to  the  frosts  experienced  during  the  early 
autumn.  Most  of  the  groups  arranged  for  effect  were 
of  a  very  high  order  of  merit,  giving  the  judges  some 
trouble  to  adjudicate  upon  them. 

Cut  Blooms. 

The  forty-eight  blooms,  Japanese  and  incurved,  the 
trial  for  the  Challenge  Vase,  consisting  of  as  many  as  six 
lots,  found  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.  {gr. ,  Mr.  Molyneux), 
the  winner,  and  a  finer  collection  of  forty-eight  blooms, 
consisting  of  twenty-lour  Japanese  varieties  and  twenty- 
four  incurved,  taken  altogether,  it  is  difficult  to  conceive. 
Mr.  J.  Wormauld,  Morden  Park,  was  a  good  2d,  his 
Japanese  varieties  being  equal  to  the  best,  but  his  rival 
had  much  the  best  incurved  flowers;  W.  Furze,  Esq., 
Teddington  (gr..  Mr.  E.  Coombes),  was  3d;  and  C.  S. 
Wild,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Rogers),  4th. 

Twenty-four  blooms,  incurved,  were  also  warmly  con- 
tested, with  the  result  that  Mr.  Molyneux  was  again 
winner  of  the  ist  prize  ;  Mr.  G.  Woodgate,  gr.,  Warren 
House.  Kingston,  was  2d;  W.  Furze,  E^q.,  3d;  and 
Mr.  W.  G.  Drover,  florist,  Fareham,  a  good  4th. 

Mr.  Alderman  and  Sheriff  Evans  (gr.,  Mr.  A.  Carter) 
was  ist  with  twelve  incurved  blooms,  staging  a  very  neat 
stand  ;  Mr.  R.  Few,  Walsley  Grange,  Esher,  2d  ;  and 
Captain  Cundy  (gr.,  Mr.  ]  Watson),  a  good  3d  ;  Mrs. 
Dunnage,  Surbiton  Hill  (gr.,  J.  Crossford),  4th. 

Twenty-four  Japanese  blooms  was  an  excellent  class, 
and  Mr.  Molyneux  again  carried  off  ist  prize,  with  a 
uniformly  fine  lot,  comprising  varieties  similar  to  those 
shown  by  him  in  the  48's  ;  Mr.  R.  Few  was  2d,  and  Mr. 
G.  Woodgate  3d  ;  Mr.  J,  Munro,  Cambridge  House, 
securing  the  4th. 

Twelve  Japanese  varieties  again  found  Mr.  A,  Carter 


632 


THE       GARDENERS'       CHRONICLE.  [November  14,  1885. 


1st ;  Messrs  W,  &  G.  Drover,  Fareham,  2d  ;  and  Mrs. 
C.  izod  (gr.,  Mr.  Holden),  3d. 

Twelve  Anemone-flowered  varieties  was  not  so  for- 
midable a  competition  as  usual,  nevertheless  a  neat  dis- 
play was  made  by  Lady  Bowater,  Richmond  (gr.,  Mr. 
C.  Slade),  and  Mr.  J.  Wormauld,  the  latter  of  whom  won 
the  ist  prize.  ,,,,,, 

Twelve  reflexed.— The  blooms  from  Mr.  Molyneux 
were  at  the  head  of  the  prize  list,  his  Cullingfordi  being 
very  fine  ;  Mr.  Furze  was  2d,  and  Lady  Bowater  3d. 

Six  Japanese  varieties.— Mr.  Molyneux  was  also  the 
winner  of  the  premier  prize  for  blooms  of  one  variety, 
staging  Belle  Pauline  in  grand  style  ;  to  this  bloom  the 
judges  subsequently  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate. 

Six  incurved.— As  with  tlie  preceding  so  with  this 
class,  Mr.  Molyneux  was  ist ;  Mr.  T.  A.  Benson  2d, 
with  good  blooms  of  Jeanne  d'Arc. 

Twelve  Japanese  Anemones.— The  ist  prize  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  Molyneux,  the  variety  Fabias  de 
Maderanaz  being  the  best  shaped  of  his  group. 

Anemone  pompons  were  a  pretty  display,  the  ist  prize 
being  won  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Roots,  with  Mr.  Molyneux  2d. 

Many  minor  classes  were  ably  filled  by  amateur 
growers,  and  some  promising  seedlings  staged  by  Messrs. 
Jackson  &  Son,  Kingston,  two  or  three  of  which  re- 
ceived certificates,  but  were  unfortunately  unnamed. 

Flowering  plants,  not  Chrysanthemums,  were  excep- 
tionally good,  a  group  shown  by  W.  Evill,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr. 
T.  A.  Glover),  consisting  mainly  of  Ferns,  Palms,  and 
Orchids  in  flower  ;  and  another  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Greaves 
(gr.,  Mr.  G.  Filsell),  made  "up  of  Palms  and  flowering 
plants,  of  low  stature,  arranged  on  a  groundwork  of 
Maidenhair  Ferns,  proved  so  equal  in  point  of  merit  that, 
although  possessing  very  distinctive  features,  the  judges 
awarded  them  equal  ist  prizes. 

The  best  group  of  Chrysanthemums  arranged  for 
effect,  quality  of  bloom  to  be  taken  into  consideration,  was 
won  by  A.  S.  Price,  Esq.,  Parkside  House,  Ewell  (gr.,  Mr. 
J.  Bass),  the  quality  of  the  blooms,  and  in  some  instances 
the  dwarfness  of  the  plants,  being  all  that  could  be 
desired  ;  Mr.  W.  Ewell,  Worcester  Park,  was  an  admir- 
able 2d. 

Other  plants  deserving  of  notice  were  three  trained 
Japanese,  Mr.  Few  showing  the  best.  For  three  standards, 
L.  Harrison,  Esq,  (gr.,  Mr.  H.  Elliott),  was  ist;  J. 
Shand,  Esq,  (gr.,  Mr.  H.  Trussler),  2d  ;  and  with  six 
trained  incurved  Mr.  Few  was  ist  and  Mr.  Shand  2d. 

Miscellaneous. 
There  was  in  addition  a  neat  display  of  epergnes, 
button-hole  bouquets,  <S:c.,  and  collections  of  fruit, 
amongst  the  latter  being  a  fine  display  comprising 
collections  of  Grapes  and  hardy  fruits  by  Messrs. 
Jackson  &  Son,  the  former  being  sufticiently  good  to 
receive  recommendation  from  the  judges.  Besides  neat 
displays  of  table  plants.  Cyclamens,  Chinese  Primulas. 
&c.,  in  the  classes  set  apart  for  them.  Messrs.  H., 
Page  &  Sons,  Grove  Nursery,  Teddington.  staged  a 
large  bank  of  Cyclamens,  which  were  exceptionally  fine 
in  bloom  for  so  early  a  date.     W.  E. 


HIGHGATE,  FINCHLEY,  AND  HORN- 
SEY  CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

The  above  Society  inaugurated  its  first  exhibition  in 
Northfield  Hall,  Highgate,  on  Thursday  and  Friday, 
Nov.  5  and  6,  and  achieved  a  success  sometimes  not 
obtained  by  more  important  societies  in  a  financial 
sense,  and  the  hearty  support  received  from  the  neigh- 
bouring gentlemen  and  their  gardeners,  providing  one 
of  the  prettiest  floral  treats  that  has  been  seen  in  the 
locality.  Although  the  exhibition  was  not  large  the 
exhibits  were  excellent,  many  of  them  being  of  a  stamp 
that  would  place  their  fortunate  owners  in  the  front 
rank  at  Chrysanthemum  shows.  In  the  hall  the  vivid 
colours  of  the  Chrysanthemum  flowers  were  set  off  by 
the  choice  table  plants.  Primulas,  &c.,  and  further 
enhanced  by  two  fine  groups  of  plants  from  Messrs. 
B,  S.  Williams  and  W.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Amongst  the 
groups  Mr.  James  Brooks,  gr.  to  W.  Reynolds,  Esq., 
The  Grove,  Highgate,  whose  exhibits  generally  were  of 
the  first  order  of  merit,  staged  a  group,  not  for  compe- 
tition, which  received  a  Certificate  of  Merit  of  the 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  which  was  well 
merited,  a  large  percentage  of  the  blooms  being  up  to 
"stand"  form.  Several  baskets  of  plants  were  sus- 
pended from  the  roof. 

There  were  also  several  collections  of  fruit,  vegetables, 
&c.,  which  afforded  a  welcome  contrast  to  the  other 
exhibits. 

Plants. 

The  principal  awards  were  :— For  the  best  single  speci- 
men plant.— ist,  Mr.  J.  Brooks,  gr.  to  W.  Reynolds, 
Esq. ,  The  Grove,  Highgate,  with  a  good  plant  of  lilaine  ; 
2d,  J.  Keller,  Esq.,  Middle  Lane,  Hornsey  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Hodges,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Crossley,  Copley  Dene,  Highgate. 

For  the  best  group  of  Chrysanthemums. — ist,  Mr. 
Theobald,  gr.  to  A.  Gosslet,  Esq.,  with  a  group  almost 
painfully  regular  and  exact,  but  composed  of  a  number 
of  good  plants  well  bloomed  ;  2d,  Mr.  John  Henry 
Wilty,  Highgate  New  Town,  with  a  group  of  well  culti- 
vated plants,  dwarf,  and  fair  as  to  blooms  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Hodges,  with  what  we  considered  the  neatest  group  of 
the  lot,  as  the  formality  which  prevailed  in  the  others 
gave  way  to  freer  arrangement,  the  whole  group  sloping 
more  gradually,  and  was  margined  with  pompon  and 
Anemone  varieties  ;  the  individual  blooms  were  not  so 
tine  as  the  others,  though  the  difference  was  not  very 
marked. 

The  rest  of  the  plant  classes  were  not  so  good  as  those 
mentioned. 

Cut  Blooms. 

For  twenty-four  incurved.— ist,   Mr.  J.   Brooks,  with 


really  fine  blooms  of  Beethoven,  White  and  Golden 
Empress  of  India,  Golden  Beverley,  A.  Salter,  Lord 
Alcester.  White  and  Golden  Queen  of  England,  Mr. 
Biinn.  White  Globe,  Prince  Alfred,  Bronze  Jardin  des 
Plantes,  John  Salter,  Mrs.  Heale,  Barbara,  White  Venus, 
Refulgence,  and  Imogene  ;  2d,  Mr.  B.  Calvert,  gr.  to 
G.  Kent,  Esq.,  Highgate,  with  good  Guernsey  Nugget, 
Princess  of  Wales,  and  White  Globe;  3d,  Mr.  J.  H. 
Wilty. 

For  twelve  incurved,  Mr.  Hodges  was  ist,  with  a 
clean  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Theobald. 

For  twenty-four  Japanese  Mr.  J.  Brooks  was  also  ist, 
with  a  grand  lot,  for  which  he  was  awarded  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  Society's  Certificate  of  Merit.  His 
stand  contained  the  following  : — Madame  C.  Audiguier, 
Baron  de  Prailly,  Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  Elaine,  Japan 
Fleuri,  Bouquet  Fait,  Monsieur  Astorg,  George  Gordon, 
Duchess  of  Albany,  Chinaman,  Thunberg,  LTncom- 
parable,  James  Salter,  Peter  the  Great,  J.  Delaux, 
Mastic,  &c, ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  H.  Wilty,  with  a  neat  lot,  but 
far  behind  the  former  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  iheobald. 

For  twelve  Japanese  Mr.  Hodges  was  ist,  with  a 
nice  lot;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Brittain,  gr.  to  F.  Rickett,  Esq.; 
3d,  Mr.  H.  Neary,  gr.  to  Rev.  R.  W.  Powell,  Hornsey. 

For  six  incurved.- ist,  Mr.  Thomas  Caryer,  gr.  to 
Mr.  A.  G.  Meissner  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Neary  ;  3d.  Mr.  H. 
Rowson,  gr.  to  H.  R.  Parkinson,  Esq.,  Hampstead 
Heath. 

For  six  Japanese.— ist,  Mr.  T.  Caryer  ;  2d,  Mr.  H. 
N  eary. 

For  twelve  Anemone-flowered. — ist,  Mr.  Theobald  ; 
2d,  Mr.  A.  R.  Rundell. 

For  twenty-four  incurved.— ist,  Mr.  B.  Calvert.  For 
twelve  ditto. — ist,  Mr.  Jas.  Brooks  ;  2d,  Mr.  Thos. 
Taylor,  gr.  to  J.  Johnstone,  Esq.,  Hampstead  ;  3d,  Mr. 
B.  Calvert. 

For  twelve  Japanese.— ist,  Mr.  J.  Brooks  ;  2d,  Mr. 
J.  Brittain  ;  3d,  Mr.  Thos.  Taylor. 

Several  "  half-dozens  "  of  table  plants  were  shown. 

Special  Prizes,  &c. 
Mr.  J.  Brooks  was  ist  for  three  plants  of  Lady  Sel- 
borne.  Mr.  J.  Wright,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  had  a 
good  stand  of  twenty-four,  twelve  each  incurved  and 
Japanese.  Messrs.  Dixon,  of  Hackney  ;  T.  S.  Ware, 
Tottenham,  and  others,  showed  neat  stands  of  bloom  or 
plants. 

STOKE  NEWINGTON    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM :   November  g  and  10. 

The  above  Society  held  its  annual  exhibition  in  the 
Assembly  Rooms,  Church  Street,  Stoke  Newington. 
This  is  the  place  where  the  improved  cultivation  of  the 
Chrysanthemum  had  its  birth,  and  which  has  still  one  of  the 
best  shows  in  London,  and  visitors  this  year  would  not 
be  disappointed  in  this  respect,  as  the  exhibits  were  quite 
up  to  previous  good  quality,  if  (?)  they  are  a  little 
deficient  in  quantity.  Chrysanthemum  shows,  as  a  rule, 
are  arranged  so  as  to  have  a  pleasing  effect,  and  this 
one,  under  the  able  superintendence  of  Mr.  Goldsmith 
and  Mr.  Hicks,  is  no  exception  to  the  rule.  The  space 
at  disposal  was  just  sufficient  to  allow  of  all  the  exhibits 
being  seen  to  the  best  advantage,  which  is  not  the  case 
where  "  crowding  "  has  to  be  resorted  to. 

Plants. 

Nine  Chrysanthemums  in  pots.— Mr.  W.  Monk,  gr.  to 
W.  Fowler,  Esq.,  Forest  House,  Leytonstone,  was  ist, 
with  plants  quite  up  to  Mr.  Monk's  well  known  form. 
The  varieties  were  Tokio,  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  Triomphe  du 
Nord,  Mrs.  Dixon,  La  Nymphe,  G.  Glenny,  Dr.  Sharpe, 
John  Salter,  and  So5ur  Melanie  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Davey,  gr. 
to  C.  Paine,  Esq.,  Cedar  House,  Stamford  Hill,  whose 
best  were  Madame  B.  RendaUer,  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  and 
Mr.  Drain  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Lovegrove,  gr.  to  H.  Spicer, 
Esq,,  14,  .Aberdeen  Park,  N. 

Four  standard  pompons  in  pots.— Mr.  H.  Lovegrove 
was  ist. 

Three  standards,  large-flowering  varieties.— ist,  Mr. 
R.  Bass,  gr.  to  Miss  Cotton,  Davis  Lane,  Leytonstone, 
with  John  Salter,  Guernsey  Nugget,  and  Prince  of 
Wales  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Lovegrove.  For  four  ditto.— ist,  Mr. 
S.  Gilbey,  gr.  to  B.  Booth,  Esq.,  The  Cazenoves,  Upper 
Clapton,  with  good  examples  of  Bouquet  Fait,  Gloire  de 
Toulouse,  Cossack,  and  Cry  Kang  ;  ad,  Mr.  W.  Monk, 
with  Madame  B.  Rendatler,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Mrs.  G.  Rundle, 
and  Prince  of  Wales  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Lovegrove. 

Four  plants,  large-flowering  varieties. — ist,  Mr.  S. 
Gilbey,  with  a  grand  exhibit  of  L'lle  des  Plaisirs,  Dr. 
Macary,  Dr.  Sharpe,  and  Bouquet  Fait  ;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Monk,  with  Lord  Derby,  Venus,  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
M.  C.  Hubert ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Harding,  gr.  to  F.  Wright, 
Esq.,  Rosslyn,  Stamford  Hill. 

Six  foh_ge  plants.— Mr.  E.  Easey,  gr.  to  W.  Vokings, 
Esq.,  22,  Aberdeen  Park,  N.,  was  ist  ;  and  for  six 
plants  suitable  for  table  decoration  Mr.  W,  Challis,  gr. 
to  G.  Dare,  Esq.,  Albion  Lodge,  Stoke  Newington. 
These  two  last  classes,  which  were  well  contested,  mate- 
rially helped  the  attractiveness  of  the  exhibition. 

Cut  Blooms. 
Twenty-four  incurved  (nurserymen  and  gardeners  of 
Hackney  and  Finsbury  only).— Mr.  S.  Gilbey  was  ist  ; 
he  also  with  this  collection  gaining  the  prize  of  £^  for 
the  best  twenty-four  incurved  in  the  show.  He  staged 
grand  examples  of  Empress  of  India,  Alfred  Salter, 
Golden  Queen,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington, 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  Mr.  Bunn,  John  Salter,  Mr.  Ship- 
man,  Bronze  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  Prince  and  Princess 
of  Wales  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Payne,  gr.  to  W.  A.  Mitchell, 
Esq.,  Greenville,  Upper  Clapton,  whose  best  were  Alfred 
Salter,  Princess  Imperial,  Golden  Empress,  and  Guern- 


sey Nugget.  Twelve  ditto. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Payne  ;  2d, 
Mr.  W.  Martin,  gr.  to  H.  Matthews,  Esq.,  The  Cedars, 
Woodbury  Down.  Six  ditto.— Mr.  S.  Gilbey,  ist  ;  2d, 
Mr.  W.  Payne  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Whitehouse,  gr.  to  Dr. 
Reynolds,  Stamford  Hill. 

'Twelve  incurved  (amateurs). — ist,  Mr.  F.  Bingham, 
22,  Manor  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  with  a  very  credit- 
able fresh-looking  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Goldsmith,  Grove 
Road,  Stamford  Hill  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  France,  82,  Park 
Road,  Ground  End,  Hornsey.  Six  ditto.— ist,  Mr.  F. 
Bingham  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Holland,  Grove  Lane,  Stamford 
Hill  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  France.  Six  Japanese  ditto. — ist,  Mr. 
W.  Holland  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  France  ;  2d  withheld. 

Twenty-four  incurved  blooms,  open. — Mr.  Monk,  ist, 
with  good  Mrs.  Heale,  Nil  Desperandum,  Golden 
Empress,  Refulgence,  John  Salter,  Lord  Alcester,  Lady 
Harding,  Empress  Eugenie,  Mr.  Bunn,  Biron  Beust, 
and  Geo.  Glenny  ;  2d,  Mr.  Peers,  gr.  to  F.  Cater,  Esq., 
Enfield  Highway,  with  good  Queen  of  England,  Prince 
Alfred,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  and  Mr.  Bunn  ;  3d,  Mr.  Calvert,  gr. 
to  G.  Kent,  Esq.,  Southwood,  Highgate.  Twelve  ditto. 
— 1st,  Mr.  Monk  ;  2d,  Mr.  Peers  ;  3d,  Mr.  Calvert. 

Twelve  blooms  of  Japanese,  distinct. — ist,  Mr.  Monk, 
with  good  Sarnia,  Val  d'.\ndorre,  Comte  de  Germiny, 
Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  Golden  Dragon,  Elaine, 
Madame  B.  Rendatler,  Peter  the  Great,  Madame  de 
Sevin,  and  Fulton  ;  2d,  Mr.  Peers,  with  good  Comte  de 
Germiny,  Madame  C.  Audiguier,  Thunberg,  Mons. 
Turin,  Hiver  Fleur,  and  Peter  the  Great  ;  3d,  Mr.  Gal- 
vert.  Six  blooms  ditto. — ist,  Mr.  Calvert  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Monk  ;  3d,  Mr.  Gilbey, 

Thirty-iix  blooms,  twelve  Japanese,  twelve  incurved, 
and  twelve  large  Anemone. — ist.  Mr.  Martin,  whose 
b^st  were  Fair  iUaid  of  Guernsey,  Sultan,  J.  Delaux,  and 
Elaine  ;  Emily  Dale,  Prince  Alfred,  John  Salter,  Lord 
Alcester,  and  Lord  Wolseley  ;  and  Prince  of  Anemones, 
Gliick,  Lady  Margaret,  Minnie  Chate,  and  Georges 
Sands  ;  2d,  Mr.  Harding. 

The  best  vase  of  twelve  Chrysanthemums. — Mr.  Jones, 
gr.  to  E.  C.  Goble,  Esq.,  Stoke  Newington. 

Not  foe  Competition. 
\  magnificent  stand  of  twenty-four  distinct  incurved 
sorts,  shown  by  Mr.  T.  Cochrane,  Superintendent  of 
Finsbury  Park,  were  very  highly  commended,  and  well 
deserved  it.  Mr.  W.  S.  Smith,  of  128,  High  Street, 
Stoke  Newington,  staged  a  very  showy  table  of  choice 
fruits  and  flowers,  which  could  not  fail  to  be  much 
admired.  C.  D. 


GUADALUPE    ISLAND,    LOWER 

CALIFORNIA. 

Ten  years  ago  "This  sweet  lone  isle  amid  the 
sea  " — I  am  not  responsible  for  the  application  of  this 
line — was  first  visited  by  a  naturalist,  in  the  person 
of  Dr.  Edward  Palmer,  well  known  from  the  im- 
portant botanical  collections  he  has  made  in  Northern 
Mexico  and  in  the  southern  territories  of  the  United 
States.  There  is  something  like  a  charm  attaching 
to  the  animal  and  vegetable  life  of  the  remote  islands 
of  the  great  oceans,  for  most  of  them  support  plants 
and  birds  and  other  organisms  peculiar  to  themselves, 
often,  however,  associated  with  plants,  at  least,  of 
almost  world-wide  littoral  distribution  ;  but  the 
presence  of  the  latter  element  is  due  to  situation  and 
the  nature  of  the  shores,  concerning  which  I  have 
something  more  to  say  later  on.  Guadalupe  Island 
is  about  the  size  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  is  in  29° 
north  latitude,  about  100  miles  from  the  western 
coast  of  Lower  California,  lying  in  the  course  of  the 
great  ocean  current  which  flows  southward  from 
Alaska.  It  consists  of  a  large  tableland  about 
3000  feet  high,  its  volcanic  rocky  sides  being  in  most 
places  too  precipitous  for  even  a  goat  to  climb,  and 
almost  wholly  barren.  The  plateau  is  interrupted  by 
a  central  ridge,  some  points  of  which  rise  1000  feet 
higher ;  but  the  tableland  portion  of  the  island  is 
pleasant,  with  a  considerable  breadth  of  open  grassy 
plain,  some  miles  of  Cypress  woods,  and  several 
springs  of  excellent  water  ;  although  there  are  no 
streams  that  flow  after  the  winter  rains  have  ceased. 

The  climate  of  Guadalupe  is  described  as  colder 
than  that  of  the  coast  regions  of  even  the  central  part 
of  California,  a  circumstance  due  to  its  position  in  the 
direct  path  of  winds  and  currents  that  sweep  down 
from  the  arctic  regions.  Fogs  are  heavy  and  pre- 
valent, especially  in  the  northern  and  in  the  higher 
parts  of  the  island  ;  yet  the  south  is  sunny  and  exces- 
sively hot  and  dry  in  the  summer,  so  much  so  that 
all  vegetation  is  in  some  seasons  completely  scorched 
up.  As  already  mentioned,  it  is  colder  than  the 
opposite  coast,  especially  in  the  northern  exposures  ; 
ice  an  inch  in  thickness  has  been  observed  in  the 
middle  of  the  island,  and  snow  to  the  depth  of 
2  inches,  followed  by  several  days  of  cold  rain.  Yet 
in  the  northern  extremity  it  keeps  clear  and  warm, 
and  it  is  warm  in  the  lower  caflons  or  ravines. 

Dr.  Palmer  collected  no  species  of  flowering  plants, 
which  are  communicated  by  Mr.  Sereno  Watson  in  the 
eleventh  volume   of  the  Proceedings  of  the  American 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


633 


Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Omitting  a  species 
of  Heucheca,  the  specimen  of  which  was  insufficient 
(or  determination,  Watson  classifies  them  in  five 
groups,  namely  :  —  r,  introduced  species,  twelve  ;  2, 
species  ranging  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
States  of  North  America,  nine  ;  3,  species  found 
throughout  California,  or  at  least  as  far  north  as  San 
Francisco,  forty-nine  ;  4,  species  found  in  Southern 
California,  below  Los  Angelos,  or  in  Arizona,  eighteen  ; 
and,  5,  species  peculiar  to  the  island,  twenty-one. 

Last  spring  Mr.  E.  H.  Greene  visited  the  island, 
and  he  publishes  the  particulars  of  his  week's  sojourn 
there,  together  with  Ihe  botanical  results,  in  the 
Bulletin  of  the  Californian  Academy  of  Science,  from 
which  it  appears  that  he  collected  fourteen  species 
that  were  not  in  Dr.  Palmer's  collection.  Of  these 
seven  are  Californian,  some  of  them  having  a  wider 
distribution  ;  four  are  common  European  weeds,  and 
two  are  described  as  new  species  ;  whilst  one,  a  seed- 
ling Arctostaphylos,  is  indeterminable. 

Guadalupe  has  never  been  inhabited,  according  to 
Greene,  except  very  temporarily,  by  shipwrecked  or 
seal-hunting  sailors,  or  fugitives  from  Mexico.  But 
since  the  beginning  of  1S84  a  small  band  of  some  forty 
Lower  Californian  soldiers  has  been  stationed  there 
by  the  Mexican  Government,  '*  to  prevent  the  whole- 
sale slaughter  of  the  goats,  of  which  there  are  many 
thousands  still  on  the  island,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  for  some  two  or  three  years  prior  to  1SS4  many  a 
cargo  of  goat  skins  and  tallow  had  been  taken  to  San 
Diego." 

In  this,  as  in  so  many  other  remote  islands,  goats 
were  originally  introduced  for  ihe  purpose  of  supplying 
food  to  shipwrecked  or  passing  mariners  ;  and  the 
effect  in  many  instances  has  been  the  almost  complete 
extirpation  of  the  indigenous  vegetation.  How  long 
'ago  goats  were  first  introduced  into  Guadalupe  is 
uncertain,  though  probably  towards  the  end  of  the 
last  century.  Dr.  Palmer  mentions  them  among  the 
agents  affecting  the  vegetation,  yet  without  any  specific 
account  of  their  having  proved  destructive.  Greene, 
however,  specially  alludes  to  the  favourable  effect  on 
the  vegetation  "  in  the  very  best  part  of  the  island  " 
the  small  garrison  has  had,  as  the  goats,  in  conse- 
quence of  being  constantly  hunted,  avoid  the  part 
where  the  soldiers  encamp. 

From  the  figures  given  above,  and  the  relationships 
of  the  endemic  species,  it  is  evident  that  the  flora  of 
Guadalupe  Island  is  essentially  Californian,  as  distin- 
guished from  the  Mexican  flora,  to  which  belongs  the 
vegetation  of  the  intervening  peninsula  of  Lower 
California.  Respecting  the  plants  which  by  their 
abundance  or  prominence  gave  character  to  vegela- 
tation.  Palmer  says  :  —  "  The  '  Sage-brush  '  and 
'grease-woods'  of  the  Basin  [the  'Great  Basin  '  of 
California]  are  represented  by  an  Artemisia  and  an 
Atiiplex,  which  share  with  a  Franzeria  in  covering 
large  tracts,  and  in  protecting  the  soil  and  the  smaller 
animals  from  the  winds  and  sun.  Trees  are  numerous 
over  much  of  the  island,  chiefly  coniferous  :  a  Pine,  a 
Juniper,  and  a  Cypress,  and  a  small  Oak.  To  these 
is  to  be  added  the  Palm,  which  is  frequent  in  the 
southern  canons,  growing  to  a  height  of  40  feet." 
Among  introduced  plants  Erodium  cicutarium  was 
more  abundant  than  any  other  plant  in  the  island, 
being  found  everywhere.  The  herbaceous  and 
shrubby  endemic  plants  belong  to  genera  represented 
in  California,  or  exclusively  Californian  and  eastward 
of  it,  and  the  species  are  most  closely  allied  to  those 
of  the  Californian  region.  The  Pine  is  a  two-leaved 
variety  of  Pinus  insignis ;  the  Cypress,  Watson  de- 
scribes as  a  new  species  (Cupressus  guadalupensis), 
but  it  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  beautiful  Californian 
C.  macrocarpaj  and  the  Juniper  is  referred  to 
Juniperus  califomica.  The  Oak  (Quercus  toraentilla, 
Engelmann)  is  endemic,  and  allied  to  the  common 
Californian  Q.  chrysolepsis  ;  and  the  endemic  Palm 
(Erythi.ta  edulis)  is  represented  on  the  mainland  by  a 
second  species  recently  discovered  in  the  Tantillus 
Mountains,  Lower  California. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  Mr.  Greene's  observa- 
tions on  the  various  elements  of  the  vegetation  ten 
years  later  than  Dr.  Palmer,  especially  in  relation  to 
the  very  rapid  disappearance  of  some  of  the  endemic 
species  and  other  formerly  prominent  indigenous  ones. 
Palmer  found  the  Cedar  in  irregular  gioups  in  Ihe 
middle  of  the  island,  apparently  common  enough  ; 
now  it  is  already  becoming  rarer,  and  Greene  says  he 
cannot  guess  at  the  cause  of  its  destruction.  It 
would  seem,  however,  that  the  existing  trees  have 
mostly  reached  the  limit  of  their  age,  and  the  species 
is  disappearing  because  the  numerous  goats  prevent 


seedlings  from  growing  up  and  replacing  the  older 
generations.  Formerly,  Greene  supposes,  it  must 
have  occupied  almost  the  entire  plateau  of  the  northern 
half  of  the  island  ;  but  now  upon  the  greater  part  of 
this  tract  only  the  fallen  decaying  trunks  remain.  -It 
is  a  pity  so  noble  a  tree  should  die  out.  It  has  the 
conical-shaped  head  of  C.  macrocarpa,  as  it  grows  in 
this  country,  not  as  it  grows  in  its  home,  where  its 
habit  is  Cedar-like,  and  reaches  a  height  of  50  feet, 
with  a  trunk  sometimes  as  much  as  25  feet  in  circum- 
ference. 

The  Juniper  in  Palmer's  time  was  all  over  the 
middle  of  the  i.^land  and  occasional  at  the  south  end, 
in  the  ravines  and  valleys,  forming  groves  about 
15  feet  high.  Now,  we  ate  informed,  it  is  on  the 
verge  of  extinction — "  in  the  middle  of  the  island 
only  three  trees  that  were  not  quite  dead  ;  and  on 
these  three  only  a  few  tufts  of  green  twigs  gave  the 
feeble  sign'of  exhausted  vitality.  Only  on  a  south- 
eastern cliff,  hanging  over  the  sea,  did  I  find  a  tree 
vigorous  enough  to  be  beating  some  well-formed 
fruit." 

The  Pine  still  exists  in  groves  of  considerable  extent 
on  the  high  narrow  ridge  forming  the  north-eastern 
cxtiemity  of  the  island  ;  but  the  handsome  Oak,  a 
spreading  ttee  50  feet  high,  has  dwindled  down  to 
about  half-a-dozen  individuals  ;  wheteas  Palmer 
states  that  it  was  frequent  at  the  notth  end  and  occa- 
sional in  the  canons  on  both  sides  of  the  island.  Con- 
cerning the  Palm  Gteene  is  silent.  On  the  ascent 
from  the  natrow  beach  to  the  plateau  the  most  con- 
spicuous plants  at  the  time  of  his  visit  were  Senecio 
Palmeri,  a  handsome  shrnb,  3  or  4  feet  high  ;  Sphae- 
ralcea  sulphurea,  Ilosackia  ornithopus,  and  Convol- 
vulus macrostegius,  all  endemic  species,  associated 
with  the  Californian  Btodi?ea  capitata,  which  was 
also  exceedingly  common  on  the  tableland  itself. 

The  very  widely  spread  littotal  element  alluded  to 
at  the  beginning  of  this  sketch  is  wanting  in  the 
shotes  of  Guadalupe  ;  whether  this  is  wholly  due  to 
the  nature  of  the  coast,  or  partly  due  to  the  direction 
from  which  the  oceanic  curtents  come  that  touch  the 
island,  is  not  clear  ftom  the  information  available.  In 
the  Botany  of  the  "  Challenger"  Expedition  I  have 
brought  together  all  the  trustworthy  evidence  I  could 
find  bearing  upon  the  dispersal  of  seeds  and  plants  by 
oceanic  currents,  &c.,  and  I  have  there  pointed  out 
that  many  of  the  plants  thus  conveyed  ate  not  exclu- 
sively littoral,  but  actually  grow  and  thtive  equally 
well  inland.  More  evidence  is  wanted  on  this  sub- 
ject, and  that  is  my  reason  for  mentioning  it  here  ; 
but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  sea  has  played  a 
most  important  part  in  covering  the  distant  coral 
islands  of  the  I^acific  and  Indian  Oceans  with  vegeta- 
tion, thereby  rendering  them  inhabitable. 

In  conclusion,  I  may,  perhaps,  be  permitted  to 
repeat  a  curious  fact  concerning  the  Cocoa-nut,  re- 
corded in  Mr.  H.  O.  Forbes'  book  on  the  Malayan 
Islands.  It  is  vety  well  known  how  widely  the  Cocoa- 
nut  Palm  is  dispetsed  on  tropical  sea-shores,  both 
insular  and  continental  ;  and  the  question  has  often 
been  discussed  how  far  oceanic  currents  have  been 
instrumental  in  effecting  this  wide  distribution.  Some 
writers  maintain  that  it  is  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  due 
to  human  agency  ;  and  one  argument  employed 
against  oceanic  agency  was  that  the  Cocoa-nut  would 
not  germinate  unless  buried.  This  is  very  likely  cor- 
rect, as  to  bate  ground,  at  all  events  ;  but,  as  I  have 
stated  elsewhere,  the  waves  often  buiy  the  objects 
they  cast  ashore  ;  and  Mr.  Forbes  observed  that  the 
burrowing  crabs,  so  numerous  in  the  Keeling  and 
other  islands,  sometimes  perform  the  operation  when 
burrowing  vety  near  the  surface,  W.  Bolting 
Hemslcy. 


A  Method  of  Watering  Plants  in  India. 
— At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  of  the  Agri- 
Ilotticultutal  Society  of  Madras,  Deputy-Surgeon- 
Genetal  John  Shortt,  concerning  wateting  in 
India  (on  the  Shetvaroy  Hills)  said  : — "  I  also  re- 
sort to  the  Gurrah  mode  of  watering  plants,  that  is,  the 
common  water-pot  styled  codicin  on  the  Madras  side, 
having  a  small  mouth.  It  has  a  small  hole  knocked 
into  the  bottom,  and  the  pot  is  buried  to  a  depth  of 
one-thitd  its  size,  as  near  to  the  stem  of  the  plant  as 
possible,  and  it  is  kept  constantly  filled  with  water, 
which  very  gradually  oozes  into  the  soil  through  the 
minute  opening  at  the  bottom,  giving  moisture  to 
the  roots  of  the  plants  without  causing  waste  by 
spilling  or  evaporation.  I  find  this  method  a  great 
success," 


STATB  Of  7HB  WBATHER  AT  BLACKHBATH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesdav,  Novkmber  ii,  1885. 


Hygrome- 
tribal    De- 

Q 

Barometer. 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

Wind. 

la 

i 

1 

i 

1 

Mean  Reading 

Reduced  to 

33°  Fahr. 

Departure  from 

Average  of 

s 

.3 

1 

So 
s 

a 

Nov. 

In. 

In. 

„ 

1 

In. 

5 

2946 

-o.33'4S-S 

37-5 

80 

42.9 

-  a-S 

34  3 

'"liN.  NVV.' 

0.03 

6 

30.07 

+0.3742.0 

30.3 

II. 7 

36.6 

-8.5 

32  2 

8a{|N,NW: 

000 

7 

30.17 

H-0.37SO.S 

37.0 

■3-8 

44-3 

—  0.4 

38.1 

^.{\\\-.o. 

8 

30-14 

+03345  0 

31  9 

13.1 

39-4 

-4.9 

37.6 

„A     N  wj     ,„ 
'SJ  N.  NW.  "  '" 

Q 

30.13 

+033  45  0 

41-5 

3-5 

43.0 

—  0,9'4I  2 

98      E.  N-E.;0-00 

.0 

3014 

to- 34  47  S 

43.0 

5-5 

44  5 

■t-  1.0 

42.7 

54l^^>05 

" 

30.10 

+0.3044-2 

40. S 

3.7 

420 

4.6 

98    ;e,  N.E.  0.C9 

Mean 

3003 

+0-23  45.7 

37.2 

8.5 

41.8 

-2.5 

38,2 

^  i  S£-  ,-- 

-Very  dull  day. 

-Dull  morning,  fine  afteri 

-Dull  day. 

-Very  dull  day,  little  rair 

-Dull  day. 

-Drizzling  rain  from  early  r 


—    II. — Drizzling  rain  throughout  the  day. 


ling  nearly  all  day. 


London  ;  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  7,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  ftom  29.34 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.15  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  2d,  decreased  to  29  S6  inches 
by  9  A.M.,  increased  to  29.87  inches  by  I  P.M.  on  the 
4lh,  decreased  to  29.58  inches  by  i  r.M.  on  the  5th, 
increased  to  30.36  inches  by  9  am.  on  the  7lh, 
and  was  30.35  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  batometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.04  inches,  being  0,49 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  o.oS  inch  above  the 
avetage  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  53". 5,  on  the  2d  ;  on  the 
6th  the  highest  temperaluie  was  42*.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  49°.  i. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  30°.3,  on  the  6ib, 
on  the  4th  the  lowest  teinpeialuie  was  48°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  tempetatutes  was  38°  9 

The  gteatest  tange  of  tempetature  in  one  day  was 
18°,  on  the  2d;  on  the  4lh  the  smallest  was  4°.3. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  lo'^. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  1st,  42°. 7  ;  on 
the  2d,  45°. 5  ;  on  the  3d,  48°. 8  ;  on  the  4th,  48°  ; 
on  the  5th,  42°.9;  on  the  6th,  36°.6  ;  and  on  the 
7th,  44°  3  ;  of  these  the  3d  and  4lh  were  above  their 
averages  by  f  and  2".4  respectively,  and  the  test  wete 
below  by  3°.5,  o'.5,  2°. 5,  8°.5,  and  o°.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  44°.!, 
being  I°.2  lower  than  last  week,  and  1°.4  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  83°.  5,  on  the  2d.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  62°.9. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  23°.  3,  on  the  6th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  29°.!. 

-A'lrm.— Rain  fell  on  thiee  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.56  inch. 

England  :  7>OT/«)-a/M)-;.— During  the  week  end- 
ing November  7,  the  highest  temperatures  were  62° 
at  Newcastle,  60"  at  Leeds,  59°.2  at  Liverpool  ;  the 
highest  at  Brighton  was  53°.2,  at  lilackheath  53''.5,  at 
liristol  54°.     The  general  mean  was  56°.  7. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  29°  at  Hull,  29°. 2  at 
Wolverhampton,  30°.  3  at  Blackheath  ;  the  lowest  at 
Truto  was  44°,  at  Plymouth  and  Livetpool  38°.2. 
The  general  mean  was  34°.  1. 


634 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  14,  1885. 


The  greatest  ranges  were  28°  at  Newcastle,  26°.  2 
at  Cambridge,  26°  at  Hull  and  Leeds  ;  the  least 
ranges  were  13°  at  Truro,  l6°.9  at  Plymouth,  18°  at 
Bristol.     The  general  mean  was  22°.6. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  54°.4,  at  Leeds  53°. 5,  at 
Plymoulh  52°.;;  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  4S°.3, 
at  Wolverhampton  4S°.S,  at  Pjreston  48°.9.  The 
general  mean  was  5o''-9' 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  45°.6,  at  Liverpool  43°,  at  Plymouth 
42°.5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  35°. 8, 
at  Bolton  37^7,  at  Brighton  38°.  The  general  mean 
was  40°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolver- 
hampton and  Leeds,  13°,  at  Brighton,  Hull,  and 
Newcastle  I2°.3;  and  was  least  at  Truro,  8°.8,  at 
Liverpool  8°.  9,  and  at  Bristol  9°.  i.  The  general  mean 
was  io°.6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  49°,  4, 
at  Plymouth  aud  Liverpool  46°. 9  ;  and  was  lowest 
at  Wolverhampton,  4I°.7,  at  Bolton  42°. 4,  at 
Brighton  43°. 5.     The  general  mean  was  44'.9. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  1.80  inch  at  Bolton, 
1.67  inch  at  Preston,  1132  inch  at  Truro  ;  the  smallest 
falls  were  0.24  inch  at  Sunderland,  0.29  inch  at  Hull, 
0.3S  inch  at  Sheffield.  The  general  mean  fall  was 
0.S9  inch. 

Scotland  :  Tempcratun. — Uiiring  the  week  end- 
ing November  7,  the  highest  temperature  was  62°.  1 
at  Leith  ;  at  Greenock  the  highest  temperature  was 
56^.7.     The  general  mean  was  58°. S. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  27^.5, 
at  Aberdeen;  at  Paisley  the  lowest  temperature  was 
35'.3.     The  general  mean  was  32°. 7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  48°.5  ; 
at  Perth  the  lowest  44°. 4.  The  general  mean  was 
46°.  2. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.58  inch,  at 
Greenock  ;  the  smallest  fall  was  0  14  inch,  at  Edin- 
burgh and  Leith.  The  general  mean  fall  was  0.60 
inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  9,  1885,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  Ii6,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  has  been  very  dull  and 
damp  over  the  whole  kingdom,  especially  over  the 
southern,  south-western,  and  western  districts.  Rain 
(and  in  some  places  hail)  has  fallen  very  generally,  but 
in  most  localities  the  amount  has  been  rather  incon- 
siderable. 

The  temperalurc  has  been  higher  than  of  late  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  In  "  England,  E."  and 
''England,  S."  the  values  for  the  week  have  again 
been  slightly  below  the  mean,  while  in  the  Channel 
Islands  the  mean  has  been  equalled  ;  but  in  all  other 
districts  the  readings  show  an  excess  varying  between 
1°  and  4'',  The  maxima  were  generally  recorded  on 
the  3d,  when  the  thermometer  rose  to  63"  in  "  Scot- 
land, E.,"  62°  in  "Ireland,  S.,"  and  to  60°  in 
"Ireland,  N.,"  whilst  elsewhere  they  ranged  from 
53'  to  59°.  The  minima,  which  were  registered  in 
most  places  on  the  6th,  ranged  from  27"  in  "  Scot- 
land, E  ,"  and  29°  in  "England,  E.,"  to  35"  in 
"Scotland,  W.,"  and  "Ireland,  S.,"  and  to  40°  in 
the  "Channel  Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  rather  more  than  the  mean 
in  the  east  of  England,  but  less  or  about  equal  to  it 
elsewhere. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  slight  increase  in  "Scot- 
land, E.,"  hut  a  decided  decrease  in  most  other  dis- 
tricts. The  percentages  of  the  possible  duration 
ranged  from  S  in  "  England,  N.  W.,"  and  9  in  "  Eng- 
land, N.E.,"  to  25  in  "England,  S.W.,"  and  30  in 
"  Scotland,  E." 

Depressions  ohse>ved. — During  nearly  the  whole  of 
this  period  depressions  have  skirted  or  passed  over  our 
extreme  north-western  and  northern  coasts,  bringing 
moderate  to  strong  south-westerly  or  southerly  winds 
to  all  our  stations.  During  the  earlier  part  of  the 
week  some  subsidiary  disturbances,  which  passed 
more  directly  over  us,  caused  the  wind  to  vary 
somewhat  in  direction.  At  the  close  of  the  period, 
however,  the  conditions  had  become  anticyclonic, 
and  the  winds  on  our  southern  coasts  light  from  the 
eastward. 


@nqui: 


trrics. 

"  He  tluxt  guesiioJteth  much  shall  Uarn  fnuch.'  — Bacon. 

Diseases  oi-  Conifers.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  the  name  given  by  English  foresters  to  the  dis- 
ease on  Pinus  sylvestris,  P.  Larix,  and  other  Conifera?, 
as  well  as  on  many  of  our  deciduous  trees,  which  is 
caused  by  Rhizomorpha,  the  sclerotioid  condition  of 
Agaricus  raelleus?  R.  Hartig  proved  {1873)  that  this 
fungus  is  the  cause  of  the  "  Harzsticke,"  "  Harziibt-r- 
fiille,"  or  "Erdkrebs."  I  want  the  English  equivalent 
of  the  disease  so  named.  B.  B. 

Gravelling  Kitchen  Garden  Walks.— Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  with  regard  to  the  best  means 
of  setting  Buxton  gravel?  Admirable  as  it  is  for  the 
above  purpose,  it  has  the  disadvantage  of  taking  a  long 
lime  to  set.  Watering  and  rolling  is  advocated  for  most 
gravels,  but  this  can  scarcely  be  called  even  a  partial 
remedy  in  the  case  of  Buxton  gravel,  on  account  of  its 
being  crushed  rock,  and  consequently  destitute  of  the 
binding  properties  which  are  more  or  less  contained  in 
most  other  gravels.  The  walks  here  have  been  pre- 
viously done  with  Buxton  gravel,  which  I  thought  of 
turning  and  adding  a  sixrface  dressing  of  the  same  sort, 
mixed  with  a  little  cement  to  make  it  set.  If  any  of 
your  readers  have  made  any  experiments  in  this  direction 
I  would  be  glad  of  their  advice,  particularly  in  what  pro- 
portion the  cement  is  to  be  used,  and  what  thickness  the 
layer  would  have  to  be  put  on  in  order  to  stand  the 
ordinary  wear  and  tear  that  is  required  in  a  kitchen 
garden.  Any  information  on  this  subject  would,  1  am 
sure,  be  of  great  advantage  to  others  besides  myself. 
R.  L. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

espondents 


*,*  Our  Telegraphic  Address. — O- 
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ike  new  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London," 
GardCHRON  deirrg  written  as  one  word.  Tele 
grams  {but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  -will  reach  thi 
Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other  address  being 
needed  than  "  Gakdchron,  London," 


Balls  irom  a  Scotch  Loch  ;  \\ .  O.  H.  The 
balls  fished  up  from  a  Scotch  loch  are  composed  oi 
the  threads  of  a  Conferva,  Cladophora  cegagropila. 
M.  C.  C. 

Books  :  R.  Bullen.  Tropical  Agriculture  is  published 
by  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  48,  Charing  Cross,  London.  The 
author  is  P.  L.  Simmonds,  F.R.C.L 

Cucumber  Leaf  :  J.  B.  The  leaf  seems  to  have 
suffered  from  scalding.  The  little  insect  which  we 
discovered  was  red-spider,  so  be  on  your  guard,  or 
there  will  be  no  Cucumbers  at  Christmas. 

Dying  Trees  ;  R.  H.  The  only  verdict  we  can  give  on 
the  specimen  sent  is  "found  dead."  It  is  impossible, 
with  no  other  evidence  before  us,  to  say  why.  From 
what  you  say,  it  seems  most  likely  that  the  cause  is  in 
the  soil.     Can  there  be  fungus  mycelium  in  it? 

Fungi  :  ^.  5.,  Edinburgh,  i,  Nectria  cinnabarina  ;  2, 
some  Myxomycetous  fungus  reduced  to  the  dust  con- 
dition ;  3,  probably  some  small  Agaric  arrested  in 
growth  by  frost  or  some  other  cause. 

Fungus  on  Rubus  :  Jamaica.  Uredo  ruborum. 
J/.  C.  C. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  T.  Kennedy  6^  Co.  i.  Brownlce's 
Russet  ;  2,  Cellini  ;  4,  French  Crab  ;  5,  Court  of 
Wick  ;  6.  Roimd  Winter  Nonsuch  ;  7,  Winter  Straw- 
berrv  ;  8.  Ribston  Pippin  ;  9,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  ; 
10.  Red  Quarrenden  ;  12,  Mannington's  Pearmain  ; 
others  unrecognised.  —  C.  W.  i,  Beurre  Diel  ;  2, 
Passe  Colmar  ;  3,  Beurr^  d'Amanlis  (bad)  ;  4,  Marie 
Louise:  5.  Napoleon  ;  6,  rotten. —  A.  Chalmers,  i. 
Cat's-head  ;  3,  Empgror  Alexander  ;  4,  probably 
Northern  Spy.  These  Northern  Apples  are  so  different 
in  appearance  that  we  cannot  recognise  them.  — 
J.  R  B.  Apple:  Rymer. — Sydenham.  Very  inferior 
specimen — may  be  Beurr6  Bachelier. —  W.  P.  Pear  : 
Comte  de  Lamy.— y.  S.  Apples  :  i.  New  Hawthorn- 
den  ;  2.  Cox's  Pomona;  3,  Grange's  Pearmain;  4. 
Cat's-head  ;  5,  Round  Winter  Nonsuch  ;  6.  Reinette 
de  Canada.  Pears:  2,  Bovvood  ;  4,  Knight's  Mon- 
arch ;  5,  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  6,  Fondante  d'Automne  ; 
others  unrecognised.— IK.  Knight.  Pears:  i,  Mare- 
cbal  de  la  Com  ;  3,  British  Queen.  Apple:  5. 
Northern  Spy.     Others  unrecognised. 

Names  of  Plants  :  C.  IV.  i,  Cotoneaster  Simonsi  ; 
2.  the  seed-vessel  is  Iris  foetidissima.  — E.  H.  C.  i, 
Pittosporum  tcnuifolium  ;  2,  Cornus  mas;  Schinus 
Molli.  —  L.  Hartley.  Pieurothallis  sp.— P.  Hiern. 
Cattleya  Loddigesi. — Bolton,  i,  Eucharis  Mastersii  ; 
2,  too  far  decayed  to  recognise  ;  3,  a  small  roundish 
pinnuled  form  of  Adiantum  cuneatum  ;  very  pretty,  of 
course,  but  one  which  we  should  think  scarcely  distinct 
enough  from  that  and  other  recent  acquisitions  to  make 
it  desirable  that  it  should  be  introduced  to  cultivation 
under  a  distinctive  name. — H.  y,  Ross,  i,  Cymbidium 
ensifolium. 

Primulas  Dving-off  :  J.  C.  The  plants  are  rotting 
away  at  the  root,  probably  Irom  something  in  the  soil. 
Have  you  used  strong  manures?  Send  more  par- 
ticulars. 

Science  of  Horticcjlture  :  Sciem.  Read  the 
chapters  on  the  "  Life  History  of  Plants,"  in  CasselFs 
Popular  Gardening,  which  contain  the  most  recent 
information  on  the  subjects  you  name  ,  also  Burbidge 


on  the  Propagation  and  Improvement  oj   Cultivated 
Plants. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Thomas  Kennedy   &   Co.,    Dumfries — Forest,    Fruit, 

and  Ornamental  Trees. 
Ben.  Reid  &  Co..  Aberdeen— Roses,  Forest  Trees.  &c. 
VicCARs   COLLYER    &  Co.,   Central  Hall,   Leicester — 

Fruit  Trees. 
Anthony   Waterer,    Knap   Hill  Nursery,    Wokmg, 

Surrey— Trees  and  Shrubs. 
William    Baxter,    Inverness— Roses,    Trees   (Forest 

and  Fruit),  &c, 

CoMMUNrcATioNs  Received:— H.  F.  W.— J.  Chatwood.— 
A.  RI.^M.  Alphonsede  CandoUe.— W.  H.— R.  D.  ■  E.  B.— 
H.  W.-H.  Rogers.— J.  R  J.— H.  L.— P.  G.— A.  D.  V/.— 
X,  X.— J.  C— F.  B.  S.— W.  Heme— I.  C  B.— D.  I.— A. 
M.  M— T.  M.— G.  B.  W.— W.  O.  H.— \V.  H.  F.  E.  M.. 
Liege.— T.  F.  Thiselton  Dyer.— F.  A.  M.— J.  R.  J. 


DIED,  on  Novembers,  at  Newton  Heath,  near  Man- 
chester, Alexander  Forsyth,  in  the  seventy-sixth 
year  of  his  age  ;  formerly  gardener  to  Lord  Stanley  at 
Alderley,  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  at  Alton  Towers,  and 
J.  K.  Brunei,  Esq.,  at  Watcombe,  Devonshire. 


COVENl     GARDEN,    November    12. 
Trade  very  quiet,  with  heavy  supplies.     A  large  con- 
signment of  St.  Michael  Pines  to  hand,  but  not  in  good 
condition.     Kent  Cobs  lower.    James   Webber,  Wliole- 
sale  Apple  Market, 


FRun 

Apples,  per  J^-si 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Ken  I  Cobs,  100  II 
Kent  Filberts,  loc 
Lemons,  per  case 


:  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.  d.   s.  d. 
Melons,  each  ..06-16 

Pineapples, Eng.,lb.  a  o-  .. 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-50 
Pears,  per  dozen     ..09-13 

—  perj^-sieve      ..  16-30 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  per  doz..i  < 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  i  < 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  ( 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  o  c 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  ( 
Capsicum.s.  perioo..  i  ( 
Carrots,  per  bunch  .  o  ( 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  2  1 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1  ( 
Colcworts,  doz.  bunch  2  ( 
Cucumbers,  each  . .  o  ; 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  i  < 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . .  o  : 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . .  o  ; 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,    i  c 


Mushrooms,  punnet  ; 
Mustard  and  Cress, 

punnet  . .  . .  c 
Onions,  per  bunch  ..  c 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  : 
Parsnips,  per  dozen  : 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    t 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt  , 
Salsafy,  per  bundle  : 
Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  j 
Shallots,  per  pound..  < 
Spinach,  per  bushel  : 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  ( 
Turnips^  bunch       . .  ( 


Potatos.— MaRnutr 
60J.  to  Sos.  per  toi 


o8ar  ;  Regents, 
.  6d.  per  bag. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  o-iS  o 
Arbot  vitEB  (golden), 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen..  9  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardia,  doz  ■  ■  i-.  12  0-18  o 
Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Cypems,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracasna   terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..          ..30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz  .  12  0-24  o 
Erica,  various,  doz.  i?  0-21  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .          . .  6  o-iS  o 


;ach.. 


,  doz( 


Ficu 
Fern 

Foliage  Plants,  van- 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  ( 
Hyacinths,  Rom., pot 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    i 
Palms  in  var.,  each  : 
Pelargoniums,    scar- 
let, per  dozen      ..  ( 
Poinsettia,  per  dozen  i: 


0-18  o 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  2  o-  - 
Arum  Lilies,  i2blms.  6  o-  1 
Azalea,  12  sprays  . .  i  o-  : 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6-  : 
Camellias,  12  blms..  3  o-  ( 
Carnations,  12  blms.  i  o-  ; 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  o  6-  4 
—  12  bunches  ..  4  o-i: 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  4  o-  ( 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  3  o-  ( 
Hyacinths,  Rom-,  12 

sprays        . .  ..16-: 

Lapageria,  white,  12 

blooms       . .  ..20-; 

-  red,  12  blooms  . .    i  o-  : 


Lit.  longiR., 


I  birr 


Marguerites,  12  bun 
Mignonette,  12  bun 
Pelargoniums,  per  i 

Poinsettia.  12  blms. 
Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  12  bunches       ..  ( 
Stephanotis 
Tropaeolum 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  9- 
Violets,     12    bunches  i  o- 

—  Czar,  Fr. ,  bunch  i  o- 

—  Parrae,  Fr. ,  bun.  4  o-  ; 


109-; 


S  o-  ( 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Nov.  9.— Damp  samples  of  Wheat  on 
the  week  are  6d.  lower,  but  prime  dry  qualities  are  not 
quotably  altered.  For  foreign  Wheats  there  was  an 
apparent  disposition  to  meet  buyers  on  rather  easier 
terms,  but  buyers  were  not  forthcoming.  Prices  of  flour 
compare  6d.  lower  with  those  of  Monday  last.  Common 
English  Barley  was  again  rather  easier,  but  foreign 
grinding  sorts  were  not  quotably  lower,  though  very 
dull.  Beans  and  Peas  supported  late  value.  Maize 
prices  continue  to  harden.  Oats  were  firm,  and  prices 
in  the  week  advanced  6d.  on  American  and  Russian. 

No-iJ.  II. — Trade  was  dull  for  Wheat.  Prices  can 
hardly  be  quoted  as  altered.  FJour  was  a  very  slow 
sale,  and  in  favour  of  buyers.      There  was  very  little 


November  14,  1885.]^ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


635 


passing  in  Barley,  and  foreign  grinding  qualities  were 
barely  so  well  supported.  Maize  tended  against  buyers. 
Oats  were  again  dearer. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  7  1 
—Wheat,  31J.  !</.;  Barley,  30J.  -yl.;  Oats,  i8j.  ii</. 
For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat,  325. ; 
Barley,  31J.  lo*/. ;  Oats,  19J.  41^ 


SEEDS. 

London  ;  Nov.  11.— As  might  have  been  expected, 
there  were  but  very  few  buyers  on  the  Seed  Market 
to-day,  and  the  transactions  were  few  and  unimportant. 
Red  Clover  seed  continues  to  harden  in  value,  the  total 
recent  advance  having  now  assumed  substantial  propor- 
tions. White,  Alsike,  and  Treloil  keep  steady.  Low 
quotations  continue  to  prevail  for  both  Hemp  and  Canaiy 
seed.  Feeding  Linseed  is  neglected.  There  is  no 
change  in  Blue  Peas  and  Haricot  Beans.  For  Winter 
Tares  the  trade  is  apparently  over.  Mustard  and  Rape 
seed  are  without  alteration.  John  Shaw  b"  Sons,  Sctd 
Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  B.C. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  11. — Good  supplies 
of  fruit  and  vegetables.  Trade  moderate,  fair  demand. 
Quotations  :— Apples,  2J.  dd.  to  6s.,  and  Pears,  2.s.  6d. 
to  6j.  per  buihel  ;  Cabbages,  2J.  6d.  to  6s.,  and  Savoys, 
2S,  6d.  to  5^.  per  hundred  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  3/.  6d.  to 
4J.  per  sieve  ;  Beetroots,  2s.  6d.  to  3J.  6d.  ;  Ce'ery,  6s. 
to  los. ;  greens,  y.  to  41.  ;  Turnips,  31.  to  4J. ;  and  Car- 
rots, 2s.  to  3^.  6d.  per  dozen  bundles  ;  Parsley,  is.  to 
IS.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Onions,  4',  to  5^.,  and 
pickling  ditto,  4J.  to  4J.  6d.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  in  sacks. 
30J.  to  SOS.  per  ton  ;  white  Turnips,  40s.  to  60J.  ditto  ; 
Swede  ditto,  30;.  to  321.  6:/.  ditto  ;  Mangels,  22i^.  6d.  to 
2$s.  ditto. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  10. — During  the  past  week  the 
market  has  been  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  produce, 
and  with  a  good  attendance  of  buyers  a  fair  trade  was 
transacted  at  the  undermentioned  prices  : — Cabbages.  5^. 
to  ys.,  Drumheads,  6s,,  CoUards,  4J.  to  55  ,  Cauli- 
flowers, 3^.  6d.  to  loj. ,  and  Savoys,  4^.  to  js.  6d.  per 
tally ;  greens,  bunch,  35.  6d.  to  4J.  6d.  per  dozen  ; 
Sprouts,  ^s.  6d.  to  4s.  6d.  ditto  ;  Mangels,  ijs.  to  22.(. 
per  ton  ;  Swedes,  241.  to  355.  ditto  ;  Carrots,  cattle 
feeding,  2Sj^.  to  35J.  ditto  ;  household,  ditto,  381.  to  50J. 
per  ton  ;  Turnip's,  50J.  to  651.  per  ton  ;  ditto  bunch,  3^. 
to  4s.  per  dozen  ;  Apples,  ir.  6J.  to  3J.  per  busht-l  ; 
Onions,  yos.  per  ton  ;  ditto  pickling,  21.  6d,  per  sieve;. 


POTATOS, 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Nov.  10.  —  Owing 
partly  to  the  weather,  the  supplies  were  only  moderate, 
and  the  late  advance  was  well  sustained.  Quotations  ; — 
Regents,  70^.  to  looi.  ;  Early  Roses,  701.  to  90J.  ; 
Champions,  60s,  to  gos.  ;  Belgian  kidneys,  60s.  to  8oj.  ; 
German  reds,  60s.  to  70.^.  ;  ditto  Snowflikes,  60s.  per 
ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  11. — Trade  very 
good.  Magnum  Bonum,  55^.  to  75J-.  ;  Regents,  56J. 
to  65J.  ;  Victoria,  s$s.  to  70J.  ;  Champions,  50J.  to  58j-,  ; 
Early  Rose,  50^.  to  60s.  ;  Reading  Hero,  60s.  to  70J.  ; 
and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  65^".  to  80s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  10.  —  Magnums,  501.  to  755.  ; 
Regents,  66s.;  Champions,  50J.  to  60s.;  and  Early  Rose, 
65/.  to  70s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  2314  bags  from  Hamburg,  2  from  Bremen,  300 
from  Ghent,  5  from  Amsterdam,  85  bags  32  baskets 
from  Rotterdam,  and  3  casks  from  St.  Nazaire. 


CATTLE. 


Metropolitan  :  Nov.  9. — Choice  cattle  were  scarce, 
and  our  top  quotation  is  rather  advanced.  Middling 
qualities  sold  as  badly  as  before.  No  appreciable  im- 
provement occurred  in  the  sheep  trade,  and  sales  closed 
slowly  at  previous  rates.  Calves  were  very  dull  of  sale. 
Pig  trade  unchanged.  Quotations  : — Beasts,  3^.  6d.  to 
4J.  ^d.,  and  41.  81^.  to  51.  40'.  ;  calves,  is.  6d.  to  41.  St/.  ; 
sheep,  3(.  %d.  to  4J.  6d.,  and  4J.  8d.  to  5^.  6d.  ;  pigs,  4^. 
to  4s.  6d. 

Nov.  12. — Trade  has  been  in  a  very  lifeless  condition. 
Both  beasts  and  sheep  have  sold  slowly  at  about  late 
rates.  Fine  calves  were  steady  ;  other  kinds  dull.  Pigs 
flat.  

HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  10  — With  smaller  supplies, 
sales  of  meadow  hay  were  msde  a  little  more  readily. 
Quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  gos.  to  los-r.  ;  inferior,  601. 
to  85J.  Hay,  prime,  70^.  to  90J.  ;  inlerior  50^.  to  6js. 
Straw,  25J.  to  38J.  per  load. 

Njv.  12. — A  rather  large  supply  was  on  sale,  and  there 
was  a  quiet  Uade  at  previous  prices. 

Str-vTFORd:  Nov.  10. — Clover,  75J.  to  1105^. ;  meadow 
hay,  655.  to  90J,  ;  and  straw  305.  to  36.^.  per  load. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  loog  to  looj  for  both  delivery  and  account.  Tues- 
day's figures  were  100^  to  ioo|  for  both  transactions. 
The  final  quotations  of  Wednesday  were  the  same  as 
those  recorded  on  Monday.  Prices  closed  on  Thursday 
at  100}  to  ioo|  for  delivery  and  ioo|  to  looj  for  the 
account. 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1    0  each. 

I)  n         >5     "     !) 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12    0  per  Bag. 
*    „    20    0       „ 
,,  I    I,    0/    b        I, 

Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacttirers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOIVilLE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 


H-OLDEN 

VJ      bushy  Pla 

EUONYMUS,   for 

Sale.- 

-Fme 

nts.  well 

colou 

red.  9,  12.  and 

18  inches  hiE;h, 

65..  gr..  and    xis. 

per  dozer 

,  l 

Cash 

with  order.     S:»rr 

pie  by  po 

t  on 

receipt  of  P.O.O.  for  ij 

ALFRED  BALL 

Flo 

1st,  Parkstone, 

Dorset. 

DOUBLE     AFRICAN     TUBEROSES.— 
Extra  fine,  105.  per  100.  £^^  per  lo;o  ;  extra  large,  finest 
ever  imported.  \is  6d.  per  lo:'. 
AMERICAN  PEARL,  ditto,  iji.  per  100.  £s  per  loco. 
LILIUM    AUKATUM,  cheapest  tor  quality  ever  offered, 
a8r.  and  35X  per  100. 
MORLE  AND  CO  ,  I,  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

CHRYSANTHEMUIVISatSWANLEY 

WE  EXTRACT  a  small  portinn  of  a  Report  given  in  the 
last  issue  of  the  Jourjial  of  Horticulture  :— 

'*  As  IS  well-knowD,  ChrysaDthemums  form  a  special  depart- 
ment of  the  '  Home  of  Flowers,'  and  are  in  charge  of  an  expert 
who  devotes  his  whole  thought  and  time  to  their  propaeation 
and  culture.  Every  section  is  represented,  all  e&tabhshcd 
varieties  grown,  and  new  ones  added  from  American.  French, 
Chinese,  Japanese,  and  English  raisers.  The  collection 
embraces  900  varieties,  repiesemed  in  about  5000  plants. 
These  arranged  in  five  new  span-roofed  structures,  each  100 
fett  long,  a  walk  passing  down  ihi  centre,  and  the  soil 
excavated  on  each  side,  so  that  the  pots  are  2  feet  or  so  below 
the  fi  )or  level,  and  the  blooms  are  consequently  brought 
literally  'und^r  the  eyes'  of  spectators." 

Send  for  our  Catalogue — the  most  complete  and  descriptive 
of  the  best-kept  collection  in  England.  A  greatly  reduced 
PRICE  LIST  .of  eighty-six  new  varieties,  collected  from  all 
patts  of  the  world,  also  sent  post-free. 

Mk  Adam  Forsyth.  Kakanui,  Oamaru,  Nexu  Zealand, 
July   4,    1865:-^  "I  received  all  the    Chrvsan  the  mums  (but 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


'     '       'As  ^ 


f^Qj^ee. 


HYBRID     RHODODENDRONS.  —  Fine 
Plants.  iJi  to  3'^  feet,  all  colours    mixed,  some  in  bud. 
40J.  per  100.— W.  JACKbON,  Blakedown,  i 


r  Kiddei 


FOR  SALE,  Nine  large  Specimens  of  STE- 
PHANOriS,      tiue      Elvaston      variety;     also     crand 
Specimen    ALLAMANDAS,   CI-ERODENDRONS,    BOU- 
GAINVILI.EAS.  &c.,  cheap.     For  size  and  price  apply, 
W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 

Tlltrack  mushroom'spawn.— 

The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4^.  (id.  per  bushel  (i6  caiies),  bd.  per  bushel  pacltaee  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,    IJ.  3</.     Trade  supplied 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W  . 
and  I  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

\d.  per  bushel ;   100  for  25J  :  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 
4or. :  4-bushel  bags,  4a'.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  td.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25f.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FlBROUi  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22J.  ;  sacks. 
4<V.  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  91/.  per  bushel;  15s.  per  hall 
ton,  261  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bacs,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MdSS.^s.  6</.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUS'^IA  MATS.  &c  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  r7A,  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

OCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE.— Best 

and  fresh  only,  is,  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  12s.  :  30  bags, 
22s  ,  sent  to  all  parts  :  trucks,  23s..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM. -A.  FOUl.ON.  32,  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  EC. 

12-oz.  Sanfple  Packets,  free  by  post  12  Stamps. 

IpiBKOUJ>  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  lor  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants.  &c.,  /;6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIRROUSPEAT. 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Btds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  5  B.ies.  22s.  ^d.  ;  10  Bags, 
45s.  Bag,  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los.  td.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  52s  per  Tiuck  01  4  Tons. 
W,\LKER  AND  CO.,  Farnborough  Station.  Hants. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pkize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAl'.  best  brown  fibrous    ..   4s.  td.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  aos. 

PKAT.  best  black  fibrous     ..  3s.  6i^.  „         5  sacks  lor  155. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5S.M.  „ 

I.O.'VM.  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  !„  „„,„,      „  .  .  :     1  j  ji 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..      f "'  P"  ^'^^^■'  ^"^  '"duded). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3^.  per  bush.,  i2j.  half  ton,  22s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8a'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (SpecialiliS)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     55.  per  busheh 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush.,  6s.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 
30  sacks,  2SS  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Tiuck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2j.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Ca-.h  with  order. 


CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

GENUINE  GARDEN    REQUISITES 

as  supplied  to  tbe  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUr  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4.bushel  Bags, 
IS.  each  :  30  for  25s. — bags  included  ;  2-ton Tiuck.  free  on  R.iil, 
25s.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5s.  per 
Sack  ;  5  for  22s.  bd.  :  10  for  331.  ;  20  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT.  4s  id.  per  Sack;  5  for  20«  ;  10  for  30s. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  is.  td.  per  Bushel;  141.  per 
\i  Ton  ;  25s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITE  TOBACCO  PAPEK. 
lod.  per  lb.;  281b,  21s.;  cwt.,  70J.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb  ;  28  1b.  for  185.  LEtF-MOULD,  5s. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  45.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  S.ck.  CHARCOAL,  2s.  bd.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  i,d.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM. 
&c.      LIST  Free       Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Soiiihw.iik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 

p  ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

VT  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s..  and  los.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  f>d.  and  is  ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREKS,    STRAWBERRIES 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  PoTLING  PURPOSES, 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


'■T^'OBACCO    PAPER,    6rf.  per  lb.,   14 

J-  ROI  1.  CLOTH,  best,  yrf.  per  lb.,  r4  lb.  7s.  6<i 

M.     PfclRrE,    96,    York    Road,    Mcntpellier,    Br 


lb.  6j 

'vt.il. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERS.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  eveiv  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R  H.'.i.  (Son-in-law  and  Su 
to  J    Kennaid),  S.van  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


636 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  14,  1885. 


RoBher's  Garden  Edging  TUeo. 


^HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made     in     materials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts   are  specially  ^arccisnras 
suited  for  KITCHEN  ^iiSSs^ 
GARDENS,   as   th«y  har- 
bour  no    Slues  or  InsMls, 
take  up    hltle    room,    and, 
once    put    down,  incur   no 
further    labour  or  expense, 
grown  "  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artiftcial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
E.     ROSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Ground 
Street,    Blackfriars,    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chelsea,    S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  £. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    P.^TENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAA^YnG  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

>See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT   PEATS  or  LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtamed  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLAS^.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  Jolm'B  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  a>ui  Prices  ok  apf-Ucation.     Quote  Chronicle. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  NecesBory. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Itonwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered   Trade  ^f,irk.) 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasmg  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  tlie  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicithd  Testimonial. 

"  Pierce  field  Park,  June  at,  1876.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
lo  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
h;id,  which  I  candidly  admit  wa^  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  " 

CA  UT/ON.-H\LL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.  's  Varnish  has  been  ao  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  laigc  esutes  in  the  kingdom  for  upwaids  of  thirty  years; 
'    "  1  it,  and  the 
truly  geni 


icle. 


legibly  marked  with  theu  name~and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  Sec,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  : 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 

FO  R     S  aT  E,    a    P  E  A  C  H~  R  A  N^^E, 
90  feet  by  12  feet  6  inche?,  and   it  feet  hijh,  with  Fruit 
Trees  aad  Piping,  in  three  ctuipattmeuts.     Apply, 

L.  P.  EDWARDS,  Crosby  Court,  Northallerlon. 


RUSSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 
Before    Buying,     write    for    JAS.    T.    ANDERSON'S 
Annual  Catalogue  (just  issued),  which  will  be  forwarded  post- 
free  on  application. — 149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON." 

Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Mercbants. 
IV/fATS    and    RAFFIA   FIBRE    supplied  at 

l^X   lower  prices  than  .any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.     For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 
MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes;-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2j.  :  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  21.  2ii.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in^  by  7  ft  ,  at  ^s.  2Y.     Apply  10 

Miss  MOLlliuE,  Aston  Clmton,  Ttlng,  Bucks. 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  ij^/.  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  erf. 
per  lb.,  or  425.  per  cwt.— B.  LAMB  AND  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W.C. 


IRON  HURDLES,  GATES,  TREE  GUARDS, 

Iron  and  Wire  Espalier,  &c. 


CATALOGUE  Fret.      Pica 


BAYLISS,  JONES  &  BAYLISS, 

VICTORIA     WORKS,      WOLVERHAMrTO.M  ; 
And  130  a..d  14T,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.G. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS, 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip," 

No.  14,  Japanned,  185.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  21J    ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  26J. 

Barrows  forwarded.  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BaiEKLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAM. 


Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATTTS 

Af,^st  efficient  ni  1  cheapest  m  existev  l 
Requires  no  sunk   stokehole      Mill  last  all 
night    without    attention       will    burn    house 
cinders  ;    costs  nothing  for  fuel      is  a  tenant 
fixture  ;     any    one    can    hx    it       a    domestir 
servant  csn  stoke  tl     Price  of  Boiler  to  heat    - 

55  feet  4-mcli  Pipe       £2  10s 
110  feet  4-lncli  Pipe       £3  15s 
200  feet  4  men  Pipe       £5  73  6d 
Complete  Apparatus    with  2  rows  of 
4-lnch  Pipe,  from  £4  123   6ti 

The  most  complete  apparatus  manufactured 
Numbers  in  use  all  over  the  country  Full 
particulars  and  prices  of  every  sized  Apparatus 
post-free  The  only  slow  combustion  apparatus 
of  the  kind. 
Beware  of  iitc->mp^  te  ijieffctettt  apparatus 
which   I  II  ?  ct  lasl  ail  nt^ht 


CROMPTON  &  FAWKES,    Chelmsford. 


B-W-WARWUKST 


W,    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121,    BUNHELL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


LASCELLES 'and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assrstants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

i2r,  BunhiU  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings,    Greenhouses,   and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  ^n  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  statioQ 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  r — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     ^2  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         t,  4  15    o 

6  feet  long,   5  feet  wide,  ,,  .,  „  ^   15     o 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ,,  6  10    o 

Ihe  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      8c     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


RICHARDSON'S 

IMPROVED  GARDEN  FRAMES. 


WITH    ADJUSTABLE    RIDGE    VENTILATION 

Lithcs  can  Ic  instantly   remived    or    hxe  1  i.[en   ,t  iny  an 
without  interfering  \\  ith  the  plants 


Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station.  Apply  for  Price  List  to 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers, 
DARLINGTOU. 

ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  —  PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISFS  for  CREEPERS— TRELLISED  ARCADES 
— ROSERIES-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT  -  PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &C.  

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTUR.\L    IRON  and   WIRE    WORKS, 
The  Fheasautry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


637 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOB    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO, 


ED) 


(Lh 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  £cc., 

al  extremely  modfraie  priie%. 


Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager.  GLOUCESTER. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERT  S'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouaeg,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

pie    Ileal  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 


Pure 
\d.,    without   attend 
Testimonials  sent, 


phlet  and  authenticated 
daily  at  Patentee's — 
THOMAS    KOBERTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


CIRCULATING  COPPER  BOILER, 


X 


FOR     HEATING     CONSERVATORIES,    GREENHOUSES,     &c. 

8-ia.  diam.  to  heat  30  ft.  of  2-in  pipe,  £3  0  0 
9-ia.  ,,  to  heat  100  ft.  of  2-in.  pipe,  £3  15  0 
10-in.  ,,  to  heat  150  fc.  of  2-in.  pipe,  £4  10  0 
12-in.  ,,  to  heat  250  ft.  of  2-in.  pipe,  £5  15  0 
This  is  the  most  economical  Boiler  known  for  heating 
water  by  gas.  The  interior  consists  of  corrugated  discs, 
so  arranged  that  in  the  smallest  size  there  are  nearly 
800  inches  of  heating  surface.  It  will  maintain  200  degs. 
in  20  feet  of  3-inch  pipe,  with  7  feet  of  gas  per  hour. 

TESTIMONIAL—"  I  want  another  Sphinx  Boiler,  same 
as  supplied  last  January.  The  Gentleman  whose  Conservatory  I 
heated  with  it  is  so  pleased  he  has  recommended  it  to  one  of  his 
neighbours." — H.  Fran'CE,  Addington  Road,  Croydon. 

H.     &     C.     DAVIS    &    CO., 

GAS  STOVE  WORKS,  200,  CAMBERWELL  ROAD,  S.E.  ; 
DEANSGATE,  MANCHESTER  (Show-rooms). 


"METROPOLITAN" 
and  at  7 


HIGHEST    AWARD,      SILVER    MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 


FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON, 

NOTTS, 

1          - 

"  •;  .  ■•! 

HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  application.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  la.  each. 


WRIGHT'S 

Champion  "Endless-Flame-Impact" 
HOT-WATER  BOILERS. 

Medal  at  Philadelphia  U.S.  InUrnalioiial  Exhibilion. 
Medal  at  ChriUtanta  Exhibitioji.  Norway. 
Medal  at  Alexandra  Palare  International,  London. 
Higheit  Award  at  Carl  ale  hilcrnational  Rxhibition,  for 
The  Best  Hot-water  Apparatus. 

Admiued  by  llle  entire  'Irade,  alter  public  and  formal 
challenges,  to  be  the  most  hconomilai,  oc  furl,  the  most 
powEHFui..  the  SIMFLHST,  and  the  cheaphst  Hot-water  Boiler 
in  the  Market. 

Prices  greatly  reduced.  Our  new  nett  Price  List,  giving  full 
details,  will  be  handed  to  all  on  application.     Over  500  in  use. 

WRIGHT'S  liOILER  CO  .  Boiler  Works,  Airdrie,  N.B. 

The   Original  and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Healing. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heatinc  Apparatus. 
THl     LAftl,FSI    SIOLK    IM    THE    K1N(,D0M 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 

Newcastle,  Staff jrdshi re. 

Under  the  Patronage  ot  the  Queen. 

SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


J. 


Th«  Gardeturs'  Magazine  says  : — "  We  must  give  these  tli 
palm  before  all  other  olant  labels,  as  ihe  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Slratford-on-Avon. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

W. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,      IV. C. 

Please     send    vie     "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
cemmencing . ,  for  winch  I  eiiclose  P. 0.0. 


1885. 

Mouths, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 


THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  zs.  lad.  ;    6  Months,  \\s.  \\d.;    3  Months,  ()S.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  ds.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  ^i  8.f.  2a'. 

P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND:' 


638 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


I.November  14,  18 


THE  ilARDENERS;^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISIHG. 

H,-a.1  I.tne  clmrE^rd as  too. 

4  Lines. ..^o     3     < 


5     „ 

...   0    3 

6     „ 

...   0    4 

7     „ 

...   0    4 

8     „ 

...   0    5 

9     „ 

...    0    5 

10     „ 

...    0     6 

11     „ 

...    0    6 

12     „ 

...    0     7 

13     „ 

...    0    7 

14     „ 

...    0     8 

15  Lines.. 

.Ao     S 

16     „    .. 

•    0     9 

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•    0     9 

13     „    .. 

0   10 

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.011 

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.011 

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.    0   12 

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.    0   12 

24     „    .. 

.    0   13 

26     „    .. 

.    0   13 

ADDITIONAL 

LINE. 

t  across  columns,  the  lowest  cliarge  will  be  30J. 

Page  £9    o    ° 

Half  Page 500 

Column        ..  ■ 3     5     0 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IJ.  (xi.,  and  bd.   for  every  additional  line 
{about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE    ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST    BS   PREPAID- 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Adverthcrs  are  caitl-.onU 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlwrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  5^  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  -week  must  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon 


AH  Subscriptions  PayaWe  In  Advance. 

The   United   Kingdom  :   12  Months.  {X  33.  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6s. 

Foreign   (excepting    India   and    China);    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  lor  12  Months;    India  and  China,  fl  83.  2d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be   made  payable    at    DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

Pi'ELTSHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

41,  Wellineton  Street,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


G1ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
T     Virgin    C.iil<.     !;ifK.>    Mats,     l:ainb»     Canes,     Rustic 
Work,   Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 


DEANE  &  CO.'S 
CENTR!:-DOME  CONSERVATORY. 


N  ■   -4  —  1  i.i-  ;•- ,  ■   '    •  :     ,  ■•  ',- ifective  design. 

the  tciiire  doine  f^ivini;  Hie  Luii>,.r vttnry  j  veiy  imposing 
appeal  ance.  The  price  is  very  niLdcrale,  and  this  design  is 
strongly  recommended  to  those  who  desire  a  really  handscme 

ESTIMATES. —  The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING 
COMPLETE,  by  our  own  men,  wilhin  T5  miles  of  London 
Bridge,  including  building  d  wart  wall  z  ft.  6  in.  high,  in  9  in. 
briclcwoik  all  round,  and  erecting,  painting,  and  glazing  con- 
servatory in  the  best  stvle. 

HEATING  APPARATUS.— This  consists  of  a  Lough- 
borough Hot-water  apparatus,  complete  with  syphon,  flue-pipe, 
and  a  double  row  of  4- in.  pipe  along  one  side  of  the  houses  under 
12  ft.  wide  one  side  and  one  end  of  houses  12  ft.  to  16  ft.  wide, 
and  both  sides  and  one  end  of  houses  above  this  width,  all  fixed, 
tested,  painted,  and  left  in  proper  working  order. 

Length.  Width.  Price.  Heating  Apparatus. 

21ft loft ^48  It  15 

27ft lift i,k%  /7  ,0 

36ft 12ft lii         i;i2  15 

42ft 14ft ;«125  ;fii4    o 

4srt i6ft ;<;i62       .......     £1715 

6ofi i6ft i-.oz         ;£.8  IS 

70  ft 17  ft .£249 

Soft 18  ft ;£332 

90  ft 19  ft i.^'" 

icoft 20ft ;<;42S 

PROPORTIONATE  PRICES  FOR  OTHER  SIZE?,  AND 
ERECTED  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon 
at  their  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  AND  ESTIMATES  for 
Conservatories.  Greenhouses,  and  Horticultural  Buildings  of 
every  description  PREPARED  AND  FURNISHED  FREE. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  Greenhouses. 
&c  .  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE  ON 
APPLICATION.         

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^S^elfc.''"}  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


GOLD   MEDAL    AWARDED 

from  the  International  Exhibition,  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

for  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 

trice  Lists  free. 

T      WOOD.  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RLDGLVV^Y    HOUbE     EASTVILLE,    BRI.STOL. 

Agents  Wanted  to  sell  Wood's  Boilers. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 
SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incori.Hr.ited 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  R.\CES.  and  NOTES  on  the  TURK. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  eii;rav:d 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTI'RE. 

COLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN .AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  ihrougliout  the 
Australi.rn  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amnunt  nf  information  on  a  great  variety  of  siibjccts. 


Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  id.  ;  Stamped,  ^d. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wale 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL;— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar.  8,  Clement's  Lane.   Lombard 
Street,  E.C. 

Messrs.   Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.   Bride  Street, 
Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
I 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &   Henry    Grace,    Royal     Insurance 

Build -ngs. 

Manchester..   James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

EniNBURGH....    Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Gl.«go\v W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Roval    E.vchange 

Place. 

i^r   Ccpics  of  each  Journal  are  Ji/ea  at  the 
aboTe  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


THE    COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  from   the  Gardeners'    Ciirouicte,    wii 
Alterations  and  .\dditions. 

Price  ^d.  ;  post-free  sj^fl'. 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  p.ayable  to  Wm.  Rich, 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  at  the  Ofifice  of  the   Gardener's  Chronicle 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


'Works  for  tbe  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
.\  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  45.  6d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  .\  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  71. 

ON     GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.  By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  ts. 
HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Eaklev.     Price  ii.  stitched. 

HOW     TO      GROW      ASPARAGUS 
A  popular  E.\planation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London:     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Bouver.e 
Street.  E.C. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  -A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  BlRVE- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle. 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.      Post-paid,  lor.  per  annum. 

H.  J   VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  sue  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ^'  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advenisenienls  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

EVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andr<,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenicli.  F.  Cr<!pin. 
O  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ol  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  ;— One  year, 
SAS.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent.  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 


■WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  Hist.^^y,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  B.itain,  together  with  a  full 
Explanation  of  Technical  Terms.   Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  25X. 

BOTANY  for  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany,  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  Illustrations.     Price  3J.  6rf. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     With  400  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  sr.  td. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  q.«. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  (ECONOMI- 
CAL   BOTANY'.      With   numerous   Illustrations.   8vo, 
cloth.     Price  5s. 

LINDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 
For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools.      Price 


London:    BRADBURY,    AGNEW, 
Street,  E.C. 


CO.,    Bo 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

(IKISH   and   SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  3!.  M.  bottle  ;  42J.  dozen. 
■   Special  Jury"  whiskey,  7  ye^ri  old.  4s.  bottle  :  48J.  do 
'  --  years  old,  5s.  bottle;    6or. 
^ears  old,  6s.  bottle  ;    72s. 
xcellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
imile  bottle  (IrLsh  or  Scotch), 
to  any  i  art  of  the  Unued  Kingdom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

•W.    J.    J  0  B  Y,    Belfast. 

PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

Newest  and  most  wonderful 
DISCOVERY. 
Cures  perfectly,  without 
medicine,  all  such  diseases 
as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Cough,  Influenza,  Hay- 
lever,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

2s.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  directions  for  use. 

Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  sent  direct  (where  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  wholesale  depot. 
Address— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 

I  Qventor.  Patentee,  and  Sole 

Manulacturer, 

9,  Donegall  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 


November  14,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


639 


Henry    Pease   &    Company's    Successors. 

PEASES  Dress  Goods  are  the  Very  Best  Made. 


PHASb's  M  MJlfFACTURES  have  had  133  yearb'  RE 
have  GAINED  Six  Prize  Medals,  and  are  made  from  ihe  same 
VARN  as  goods  supphed  10  H  R.H.  the  PRiNCESs  OF  Wales. 
'1  hey  are  the  be^c  made  (1000  people  being  engaged  in  their 
production,  from  the  sheep's  back  to  that  of  the  wearer),  and 

PEASE'S    "DARLINGTON" 
CROSS-WARP   SERGES. 

For  Autumn  and  Winter  Wear,  from  l\]/i.i.  to  Is  l\\id.  per  yd. 
Practically  unteaeable  hither  way  of  the  Cloth. 


GOLD    MEDAL    CASHMERES, 

from  Is.  Ill/,  to  3r.  per  yard. 

MERINOES, 

from    2s.    to    3^.   &ci.    per    yard. 

OTTOMANS, 

from    Is.    10   3i.    per    yard. 

COSTUME       CLOTHS, 

from  2r.  to  4r.  per  yard. 

CORDS, 

from   6i/.    to  Ir.  6<^.   per  yard. 
AH    the    above    ate    Plain    and     Coloured. 

OCEAN,  CANVA3,  and  BASKET  CLOTHS, 

Plain   and    Figuied,    at    WAd.    per  yard. 

NUNS'    VEILINGS, 

Plain  and  Figured,  from  S%d.  to  10%d.  per  yard. 

SOLEILS, 

Plain  and    Figured,     from   Is.  4,/.    to   3s.   per   yard. 
The  LARGEST  and  choicest  stock  in  England  of  /<.»,;  fide 
home  manufactured  goods,  heldby  iheaclual  Manufacturers. 
Ahv  QUANTITY  COT.  at  Wholesale  Prices. 
Unlike    so-called   Manufacturing    Companies,   who    buy 
of    good,    bad,    and    ind.fleient    M anufactobers   to    sell 
again  as  their  own,  the  goods  of  Henky  Pease  &  Co.'s 
SCCCESSOSS  are  of  their  o*n  Mawi'acture.     They  are  Ihus 
eiiicled   to  warrant  the   wear  and  quality  of  every 
yard,  and  to  sell  at  prices  which  cannut  be  approaci'.ed. 
Ladies    are   is.vited  to   send    their  addresses  frcm  any 
part  of  the  World,    when  they  will   immediately  leccive  a 
comp'ete  set  of  Patterns,  post  free 
Puichj!^es  oi £1  and  upwards,  carriage  paid.    Cheques 
and  Post  Office  Orders  to 


E      P      P      S   '   S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


Fruit  Tree  Foreman. 

WANTKD,  an  experienced  and  thoroughly 
practical  MAN,  to  take  charge  of  the  Fruit  Tree 
Department.  Every  encouragement  given  to  a  really  gcod 
man. — Apply,  in  o*n  handwriting,  slating  age,  expeiienc, 
wh..re  last  employed,  and  wages  required,  to  JAMES 
DICKSON  and  .sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 

WANTED,  a  thorough  practical  ROSE 
PUOPAGATOR  and  GROWER  for  a  London 
Market  Nursery.— Apply  to  TRADE,  Gardeners  Chronicti 
OHice,  41,  Wellmgtou  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  steady  young  MAN,  to  take 
charge  of  Conservatory,  Orchard-house.  &c.  i6s.  per 
week,  including  bothy. — State  previous  exoerience  to  Mr.  B, 
HOPE,  Middleton  Park  Gardens,  Bicester,  Uxon, 


WANTED,  a  JUNIOR  CLERK  and 
SHOPMAN.— Apply,  stating  experience  and  salary 
expected.  A.  B..  Gar.ienen'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellinetou 
Street,  Strand;  W.C. 

Second  Counter  Hand  at  Seed  Trade. 
ANTED,  a  smart  intelligent  person,  as 
SECOND  CnUNTER  HAND,  Excepii.^nal  refer- 
ences rennired  as  to  character  and  caoability.  A  provincial 
person  pre'erred,  where  customers  were  seen  daily  ;  not  a 
■•machine,"  as  in  the  monster  London  ^ 
BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Seedsi 


w 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  in  a  Seedsman 
and  Florist's.  Must  be  active,  and  willing  to  make 
himself  tiseful.  State  age,  experience,  wages  expected,  &c.,  to 
MORI.E  and  CO  ,  I  and  2.  Kcnchurch  Strea,  E  C. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Co.*an),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries, 
Garston,  REQUIRE  for  one  of  their  Liverpool  Florist  Estab- 
lishments, a  young  LADY  of  good  business  ability.  Must  be  a 
competent  hand  at  Making  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.— Apply, 
giving  reference,  slating  salary  expected,  to  the  MANAGER. 


TX/'ANTED,  for  the  Cut   Flower  Trade,  an 

»  V  experienced  young  LADY  to  assist  in  Conservatory. 
Must  know  Plants,  ai^d  be  a  good  hand  at  making  up  Wreaths, 
Bouquets,  &c..  and  Table  Decorations.— Apply,  stating  wages 
In  or  Out-ol-doors.  to  W.  H.,  Gardeners  Cironice  Office,  41 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS  — To  Advertisers, 
Substribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  thai  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Nutnberofa  Postal 
Order  is  known,  aitd  it  has  been  made  payable 
rt  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  atid  snjest  m.eans  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "Paste  Res/ante"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
-John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  piesent  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentlemaa 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

'■PO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

J-      MclNTVRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and    Hanting  of  New  Garden  and  P.ark 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.      Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

OICHARD     SMITH     and     GO. 

-1-  *^  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  coDstaotly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seekiDg  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
piiticulars,  &c.  — St,  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made, —  Holloway,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Thoroughly  prac- 
lical :  good  experience  in  all  branches,  including  Orchids. 
F.xcelleit  tesiimonials  For  further  particulars  apply  to  Mr. 
McKAY.  Maristow  Gardens.  Roborough,  South  Devon. 


C::;,ARDENER  (He.\d),  where  three  or  more 
*  ate  kept.— .1  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  anyone  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man. — 
A.  A.  D  ,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;   age  40,  married.- 

Gentlbman  is  desuous  of  recommending  his  Ule  I 


Garde 


......  .^  „-^ ..  „. ^...mending  his  L 

ly    Lady  or  Gentleman    requiring  a   practical, 

irubiwormy  n.an    of  twenty-five  years'  experience.— F.    H.,  7, 

Beicon^field  Terrace.  Perry  Hill.  Catford. 

GJ.ARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
'  are  kept. — Age  30  ;  understands  Gardening  in  all  its 
branches.  Seventeen  years'  experience  in  nurseries  and  private 
csiablishmems.  Wesleyan.  Good  references.  —  W.  T.  H., 
Broad  Moor  Cottage,  Weston,  near  Baih. 

G;.ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— Mr.  West- 
^  coTT,  Gardener  to  his  Gtace  the  Dulte  of  Cleveland, 
Raby  Cattle,  Darlington,  would  have  much  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending his  Foreman  as  Head  Gardener  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical,  steady  and  respectful 
man,  who  has  been  in  general  charge  of  these  gardens  upwards 
of  four  years,  and  given  me  every  satisfaction. 

GARDENER  (Head)  to  anv  Lady,  Noble- 
man  or  Genllem.an,  requiring  the  services  ol  a  thoroughly 
practical  trustworthy  m  in.  t,an  be  very  highly  recommended 
by  Noblemen  and  Genilemen.  as  a  lirst-cla-s  man  of  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Giowiag  all  kinds  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and 
Vegetables;  also  the  keeping  of  same  in  thorough  good  order. 
Highest  testimonials.  — K.  P.,  Sharnb.ook,  Bedford. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26  ; 

total  absiainer.  Twelve  years'  gcod  practical  experience 
in  all  branches.  First-clas.  references.— H.  TULL.  The  Gar- 
dens, tllyards.  Sandown,  Ule  of  Wight, 

ARDENER    (He.j^d    WORKING);    age  38, 

married.  —  The  Advertiser  is  now  open  to  engage  with 
any  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical 
Gardener  ;  also  has  a  good  practical  knowledge  of  Land  and 
Stock.  Several  years'  thorough  character.— W.  R.  RAVEN- 
HILL.  23.  Chaucer  Road.  Acton.  W. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working).— Great 

experience  in  all  branches  of  the  craft.  Laying  Out 
Grounds.  New  Planlations,  Erection  of  Horticultural  Buddings, 
Land  and  Stock,  and  the  general  routine  of  a  Genileman's 
Establishment.  Excellent  character.— BROWN,  6  Upper 
Park  Road.  Hampstead,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SiNGLE-llANDEp).  — Age  =6,  single;  ten  years' practical 
experience  in  ill  branches.  Good  character.— 0.  CORBETF, 
Station  Road,  Ashtead.  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working, Where  help 
is  given,  or  good  Single-hani  ED) — Age  38.  married  ; 
has  a  thorough  knowledge  in  all  branches.  Twenty  years' 
experience.  No  objection  to  a  cow.  Excellent  references. 
Leaving  through  Gentleman  selhng  his  estate.— R.  O,,  The 
Gsrdens,  Dibdin  House,  Hanger  Hill,  Eahnj,  W. 


GARDENER  (good  Working).— Age  26  : 
underslands  all  kinds  of  Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Twelve 
years'  experience;  First-class  references.- F.  BISHOP,  20, 
Duppas  Hill  Lane,  Croydon. 


C:!  ARDENER   (Single-handed,   or    other- 

VJ  wise)  ;  age  23,  married,  one  child.  —  A  Gentleman 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener.  He  is  reluctantly  obliged 
to  part  with  him  to  reduce  his  expenses — Mr.  W.  NEWTON, 
Gould's  Grove,  Benson,  Oxon, 


GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  other- 
wiseX-Married  ;  thoroughly  understands  Glass,  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Five  years'  good  character.  —  H. 
STONEMAN,  Upton  Pyne,  near  Exeter. 

GARDENER  (Under),  Inside  or  Out.— Age 
21;    good  character.— F.    ADAM.-,    Kiiton  Hill    Faim, 
Preston  Lane,  Norih  Shields,  Nonhumbeiland. 

Cut  Flower  Trade. 

FOREMAN.— J.  H.  POUNCE,  who  is  rehn- 
qui-hing  bu^ines^,  can  thoroughly  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Mr.  Merrill,  to  fill  a  similar  pjsiiion  as  a  steady,  experienced, 
persevering  man  —Pounce's  Nursery,  Hendon,  N.W. 

I^OREMAN  (Herbaceous).— A  thoroughly 

-L  practical  and  experienced  man.  No  objections  to  go 
abroad.  —  G.  F.  G.,  K.  Simpson,  Stationer,  Cannonmills 
Bridge,  Edinburgh. 

FOREMAN  (General,  or  FOREMAN  in 
good  establishment)  ;  age  29.  —  Thos.  Hedlev,  Gar- 
dener to  Colonel  So«erby,  Putterioge  Park,  Luion,  Beds,  can 
with  confidence  recommend  his  late  Foreman,  who  has  been 
wiih  him  in  the  same  capacity  five  years,  as  a  trustworthy  and 
thorough  practical  man  in    all  branches  ol  Gardening. 

ROPAGATOR     (SECOND),     or    SECOND 

GARDNER.- Three      yeais'      good      character.  —  W. 
BATCHELOR,  High  street,  H.imptjn  Wick. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR    and     FOREMAN.— Well 
up  in   the    Propagation     of    Rhododendrons,    Conifer jc, 
Clematis,  and  Roses,  all    Hardy  Plants,   &c.— W.  B.,  Bagshot, 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.— Well  up 
in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  lo 
general.  Sixteen  years' experience.  Good  references. — R.  W. 
Longlaiids  Nursery,  Sidcup,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 
two    years    in    present    place.       Good    references.  —  D. 
CRACKNtLL,  Cann  m  Hall  Gaidens.  Barnsley,  Vorks. 

IMPROVER,    in   a   Gentleman's    Garden.— 
Has    been  over  three   years    in    last   place.  —  J.    SHEA, 
Parson.to*n,-Slane,  Co.  Alea'.h,  Ireland. 


TMPROVER  ;  age    iS.-W.    L.    Bird,    Gar- 

X.  dener  to  A.  Seymour,  Esq  ,  Norton  Hall,  Davenlry, 
wishes  to  recommend  a  steady  industrious  youth  as  above. 

To  uardeuers. 

IMPROVER. — Age  19  ;  two  years'  e.xperience. 
Good  references.     Atistatncr.  —  R.,  Mr.    Broadbere,    Book- 

JMPKOVER. — Young  ;  has  had  six  years' ex- 
perience. Fruit  and  Plaiit  Culture.  Abstainer.  Wages 
C\,  and  bothy.  P.emmm  £io— E.  C.  Gardeners  Chrmticle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Sireet,  blrand.  W  C. 

/""(LERK,  BOOKER,  or  SHOPMAN.— Four- 

V>  teen  years'  experience  in  the  Seed  and  Nursery  Business. 
—  JAMtS  SlMPoON,  Peter  Lawson  &  Son  (Limied), 
Ediuburgh. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— Age 

C5  40  ;  twenty  years'  experience  in  the  Retail  Seed  Trade, 
gained  in  first-class  London  Houses.  Good  Book-keeper  and 
efficient  Correspondent.  Moderate  salary. — F.  A.R.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W  C. 

Shopman"  (Head),  "or  managerT^ 
Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  Trade  in  all  its 
branches,  acquired  during  a  twenty-five  years'  experience  in 
Lonuon  and  provincial  Wholesale  and  Retail  H.mses.  Careful 
and  accurate  in  all  matters  of  business  detail. -J.  GEORGE, 
2,  Kingston,  Yeovil. 

Shopman  —  Age  27  ;  fourteen  years' 
practical  experience  in  Wholesale  and  Retail  'X'rade. 
First. class  references.  — F.  S.,  Gardeturs  Chronicle  UStce,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Second).  —  Six  years'  experi- 
ence in  a  first-class  Dublin  Seed  Warehouse.  Well  up  in 
all  the  branches  of  the  Traoe  ;  his  also  a  fair  knowledge  of  the 
Nursery  Business.  —  B.  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  ai, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN     (ASSISTANT).— Age      19;     five 
years'   experience.     Good    character.— ALPHA,    Brook- 
land  House,  Porten  Road.  West  Kensington  Park,  London,  W. 

To  tUe  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (AssiSTANT).-Age  24  ;  eight 
years'  experience.  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  Trade. 
Unexceptional  references. — A.  B.,  17.  Lower  Drumcondra  Road 
Dublin. 

O   NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation 

in  a  Nursery,  either  lii  or  Out-do3rs,  or  Office,  by  one 
who  has  been  accustomed  to  Travel,  and  has  a  good  connec- 
tion. Highest  references.— A.  E.,  Mr.  Luxton,  2.  King's 
Square,  Biistol. 

qiO     SEEDSMEN    and    Others.  —  Wanted, 

-*-  a  situation  by  a  Lad  (age  16)  Two  years'  experience. 
Good  reference. —E.  BALL,  Wickham  Road,  Chichester. 

O  FLORISTS,  &c.— Situation  wanted  by  a 

young  Lady  ;  thoroughly  experienced,  and  able  to 
take  Management.  Undeniable  lefereuces.— T.,  jo,  Saundet's 
Terrace,  Kensal  Green,  W. 

OLLOWAY'S    PILLS   and  OINTMENT 

are  remedies  which  should  invariably  be  taken  by 
travellers  in  search  of  health,  pleasure  or  business.  Many  dele- 
terious influences  are  constantly  at  work  in  foreign  climes,  tend- 
ing to  deteriorate  the  health  ;  these  and  the  altered  conditions 
of  life  will  entail  on  those  who  travel  the  necessity  of  carefully 
attending  to  early  symptoms  of  disease,  and  they  will  find  the 
use  of  these  remedies  to  be  highly  neceesary,  ihe  action  of  the 
Pills  being  purifying  and  strengihening  and  of  great  service  in 
cases  of  fever,  ague,  and  all  inflammatory  diseases,  whilst  the 
Ointment  i^  a  sovereign  cure  in  cases  of  piles,  bad  legs,  bad 
breasts,  wounds  and  ulcers.  Holloway's  remedies  do  not 
deteriorate  by  change  of  climnte. 


640 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[N0VEMBER;I4,    1885, 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(lateT.  H.  P.  Dennis  &  Co), 

ANCHOR       WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 

London  Office :  Mansion  House 

BuUdlnge. 

orlicuUural  Builders  ia  Wood 


He 


Engi, 


Boiler  Make 

Best  Workmanship  and  Materials. 

Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


CONTBACTORS    TO    HEB    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Tllnstratcd  CATALOGUE,  i^t/i  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves 


HENRY     O  R  M  S  O  N     &     CO., 


( 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER      HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STAN1.EY    BRIDGE,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 
Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

(TWO    HUNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3^d.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  10s,  ;   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels    of  not    less    than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in    LondoJt    only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


Greenliouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  ligidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
defv  competition. 

Genilemtnwilldowellto 
obtain  an  Estimate  from 
us,  for  which  no  charge 
is   made,   before    placing 

—    their  orders  elsewhere. 

Ill-ustratcd  Catalogues 
free.  Richly  lilustrated 
Catalogue,  containing 
over  60  Plates  of  Winter 
Gardens,  Conservatories, 
Vineries,   Plant  Houses, 

_^  J^orcing  Houses  &'C  ,  re- 
cently erected  by  M.  &* 
Co.Jor  .4  . 


MESSENGER   &  COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


Editorial  Comrr 

Printed  by  Wll 

Ihe  said  William  I 


ions  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Beadbirv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  \\Tiiterriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
{DS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County. — Saturday,  November  14,  1885. 
Agent  for  Manchester — John  Hsvwooii.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THB 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


CstatjlisjbetJ  I84i. 


No.  621.— Vol.  XXIV.{sSf.Es.}   SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  21.  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  1      Price  6(1. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPoST-FKEE,  sJrf. 


Abies  nobllis 
Acrides  Bernhardia 
Agaricus  procerus 


CONTENTS. 


649  I  Paronychia  argentea 

650  j  Plants  and  their  cultur 


Apple  and  Pear  Congress 
■  fc.dinbur^ih 
Botanical  Magazine,  th< 
Botan  ker KaU-nd€r,xm\ 
Boi^sier,  M..  the  late  . 
Chrybanihem.ims   at    thi 

Clematis,  late- flower  in  tj . 
C>cads  in  flower  at  Kev 
Cyclamens  at  Hanwell  . , 
Echeveria  Peacock! 


wintrnng 
Eight  days  in  the  Gardea 

of  England 
Epipactis  latifolia  and  its 


Forestry     . .  . .  . .     655 


edling 


Ascot,        Siinningdale 

and  District  .. 
Bath  Chrysanthemum  , 
Cheshunt    Chrysanthe 


Maidenhead    Chrysan- 

theiiuin 
Reading      Chrysanthe- 

Southampton  Horticul- 

West  Kent  Chrysanthe- 


ngus, 


ledhngs 
Hardy  fruit  gan'en 
Horticultural  Club 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Obituary — 

Alexander  Forsyth 
Samuel  Walters 
On  idium  Hiltschii 


Sunningdale 

Trees,  shrubs,  and  hardy 
flowers  for  smoky  towns 
"  Trespassers  beware  '"  . . 
TropEcoIum  iricolorum  .. 
Trowbridge  Horticultural 

Vanda  cocrulea     .. 
Vegetable     products      of 
Dalrr     ' 


. .      650     Weather,  the 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 


G/RDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEaaAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspo7iiients^  Advertisers^  Sub' 
scr  iters,  and  O liters.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress/or Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
«  G  A  RDC  H  R  ON, 
London" 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
n^HE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
•who  exfierience  any  diffiatlly  in  obtaining 
their    Copies    regularly,    are  particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,   IVellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  shoula 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURY  LANE. 


T 


Now  Ready,  In  clotb,  16s. 
HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

XXIII..  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellmjton  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

T'HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Monlhs. 

Agent  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT,  Sr*.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

O      NURSERYMEN,     FLORISTS,     and 

OTHERS.  —  Spring  Flowering  Bulbs  being  greatly 
needed  for  Distribution  amorg  Hospitals,  Workhouse?,  and 
the  London  poor,  the  Kyrle  Society  will  be  thankful  for  such 
gifts,  and  begs  that  Donors  will  kindly  send  them  (carriage  paid) 
'°  Mi's  TRI  PP.  Hon.  Secretary  for  Flowers, 

14,  Nottingham  Place,  W. 

OUVARDIAS     and     CYCLAMENS     in 

Flower  and  Bud— Fine  bushy  PlanU,  in  48-pots  of 
Alfred  Neuner.  double  white  ;  Dazrier,  Jasminoides.  President 
Garfield,  Rosea  oculata,  i8r.  per  dozen.  CYCLAMENS  in 
Flower  and  Bud.  iir. ,  18^.,  and  ^or.  per  dozen. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 


Broad  Beans. 

HAND    F.   SHARPE   have   to   offer  fine 
•     samples  of  WINDSOR  and  LONG-POD  BEANS, 
— '  *~  -ubmit  samples  and  prices  on  application, 
in    Establishment,  Wisbech. 


TELEGRAMS.— "PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 
is  Registered  bv  and  suffices  for 
PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 
The^Jeat  all-round  Hatdy  Plant  Nursery. 

ELEGRAPHIC       ADDRESS.— 

"GILBERT,   STAMFORD.". 

It  is  said  that  Conservatives  have  no  Policy.    Being  a  thorough 

one  I  declare  my  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honestly,  to  sed  all  I  can, 

and  to  give  general  satisfaction.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 

R.  GILBERT.  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 


Frtiit  Trees  and  Roses. 

LAING  AND  CO.'S  Stock  of  Fruit  Trees, 
Rose-,  Shiubs,  and  Ornamental  Trees  is  in  prime  con- 
dition for  Tranfplantine.  Piices  aie  low.  Early  orders 
soliated,  LISTS  on  arplicstion. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

AMPTON      COURTS  LACK      HAM- 

BURGH    VINES. -Extra   strong    Fruiting   Canes  of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

""t*  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-OD-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 

Standard  Trained  and  Dwarf  Trained 

PEACHES,     NECTARINES,    and 
APRICOTS,  also   FRUIT  TREES  of  all  descriptions, 
in  large  numbers.     CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

CHARLES  TURNER,  The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 


c 


CAULIFLOWER 


PLANTS     for     SALE 

11).       For  price,  apply 

er.  New  Farm,  Ealing,  W. 


LAXTON'S    NEW    FRUITS   and   VEGE- 
TABLES.- Eight  Firsl-class  Certificates  in  188;.     Send 
for  particulars  of  New  Peas,  Beans.  Potatos,  Tomatos,  Apples, 
Strawberries,  and  other  good  Novelties  to 
THOMAS  LAXTON.  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedfrrd. 


w 


HINHAM'S       INDUSTRY      GOOSE- 
BERRY.    Fine  3-year-old  trees,  true  stock,  16  per 

Fine  LAURELS,  J  to  3  feet,  ii  per  1000. 
W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown.  Kidderminster. 


QEAKALE    for    Forcing.- 

^^     Crowns.  9or.  per  1000  :  under  500, 

Excellent    large 

Of.  per  100.     Orders  to 

be  accompanied  bv  cheque  or  P.fJ.O. 

ALFRED     ATWOOD,    Grower,    5 

Battersea,  S.W. 

QUELCH 

giving  personal 


Russia  Mats,  and  Horticultural  Sundries. 

J  AS.    T.   ANDERSON'S   Annual  Catalogue 
is  now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation—149   Commercial  Street,  Shoiediich,  I  ondon.  E. 
Telegraphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON." 

Floral  Commission  Agency  —Notice  of  Removal 

WILLIAM  C     A     L     E, 

Floral  and  FsuiT  Commission  fasur, 
10,  BURLEIGH  STRtEl',  CUVENT  GARDEN,  W.C, 
begs  to  acquaint  h  s  Senders  and  Customers  that  he  has  taken 
Permanent  Premises  at  the  above    Address,  where  all  goods  are 
to  be  Consigned  alter  MONDAY.  November  23. 

QU  ELCH         AND         BARN  HAM, 

North  Row,  C:oventGarden,  London.  W.C.  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  tine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cuaimbers.  choice  Flowers, &c. 

AND         B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

„  Tiug  jjciauuAi  Aiicuiion    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH         AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  !;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers*  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.     Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

WM.  PERRY,  Ju^.,""  SmithfieTd  Market, 
Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS  CUT 
FLOWERS.  &c  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers' and  Trade  references. 

ANTED,  SHRUBS  for  Pots.     Send  List 

'th  lowest  price  on  rail  for  cash,  per  100  or 
1000,  to 
FLORAL, a, Ebenezer Terrace. Treneleyan Rd. , Tooting,  S.W. 


w 


w 


w 


ANTED,    Double    White    NARCISS 

BULBS.      State  Price  and   Quantity,  with   Sample 
BEALE,  937  and 

ANTED,  POTATOS-Vic^f  Laleham, 

Fidler's  Prolific  and  Beauty  of  Hebron.     Quantity  no 


object.     Apply 

C.  FIDLER,  Potato  Grower,  Friar  Street,  Reading. 


IVTEW   EUCHARIS.  — A  First-class  Certifi- 

-L^  cate  was  awarded  on  Tuesday  the  i3lh  Oct..  to  the  new 
EUCHARIS  MASTERSII,  by  ihe  Floral  Comn.iltee  of  the 
Royal  Horiicuhiirat  Society.  Piice  5J.  each,  2  guineas  perdoz. 
WILLIAM  BULL.  F.L.S..  Establishment  for  New  and 
Rare  Plants,  536.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S  W. 

El GHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  while  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine.  from  121.  to  24^.  per  d.;zen,  strong  planLs. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  »«(.  be  knocked 
out  of  pots  and  sent  by  parcel  post— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO..  N    rserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

1  PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Wallham  Cross  Station)  —  Purchasers 
tf  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS,  &c.,  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
toinsoeci  ihestwck  atlhe  Wallham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  AND  SON,  Wallham  Cross. 

New  Chrysanthemums. 
OWEN  is  offering  strong  flowering  plants 

(DELAUX)  varieties  for  1886  21!  perdojen;  Cuttings, 
,  lor  6,:'.  per  dozen;  iweixe  varieties  lor  1885;  Green 
,  lor  6d.  per  dojen  ;  Rooted  Cutiiogs.  ts.  dti.  ;  Cuttings, 
est  Exhibitiin  and  Decorative  sons- Cuttings,  ir.  6/.  per 
vo  dozen,  2r.  6,/.     Catdlogue  6//.,  free  to  purchasers. 


R 


The  Floral  Nun 


.  Maidenhead. 


Nympbsea  alba  rosea  1 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer    ilrong    i-year   Seedlings   of    this   beautirul 
Hardy  Ro^e-coloUred  WATER-LILY.     Price  on  application. 


Dedei 


r  Zwolle,  NeiheilandF. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— Fine,  large,  plump 
Enghsh-grown    Bulbs,  8,  ic,  and  I2  inches,  and  monster 
Bulbs,  14  to  15  inches  in  circumference,  now  ready. 

Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL.   Establishment  for  N.w  and  Rate 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— 
tions  of  these  Bulbs  are  now  in 
to  the  Trade  on  application  to 

JAMES  CARTER.   DUNNETT 
238,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


The  first  Iinporta- 

our  hands.    Lowest  prices 


BEALE,   237  and 


H 


ELLEBORUS   NIGER  (Christmas  Rose). 

cfTer  ol  imported    Roots    00   application  fjust 


Cedrus  Deodara. 

HLANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 
•  in  the  country— fine,  well. grown  Trees,  with  good 
roots,  f.om  3  to  12  fed  and  upwards,  to  ilTjr  cheap.  CATA- 
LOGUE free. 

Ihe  Nurseties,  Berkhamstead,  Herts. 

E    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 

containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hyhrid'sation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts    Piice  i  j. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W  C. 

INUS  BOLANDERII.— A  beautiful  hardy 

PINE,  with  colour  and  habu  about  equil  to  insignis,  and 
as  hardy  as  our  Scotch  Fir.  12  to  18  inches,  4*. :  i8to  24  inches, 
6j.  ;  2  to  3  feet.  9r.  per  doien 

A  LIS  I'  of  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON    BROTHERS.  Aberdeen. 

IM  ANTOPH  YLLU  M     (CLIVIA) 
GRANDIFLORA. 
Healthy  r-yr.  seedlings,  in  twenty  sorts  of  the  best  varieties — 
Lindeni,  Van  Houtlei,  maxina,  robusta,  Paikmsoni,  &c. 

One  Guinea. 

Delivved,  free  by  Post,  to  all  countries,  for  Cash  with  Order. 

ED.  PYNAERT,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

T   ILY    OF    THE    VALLEY     Clumps,    and 

-Li  SPIR.EA  JAPONICA.-Extra  choice  clumps  of  the 
LILIES  at  70J.  per  100,  and  first-class  selected  Clumps  of 
SPIR.«ASat  121.  per  100. 

CATALUCUKS  of  Continental  Stock  free. 
AUG.  VAN  GEKRT.  Continental  Nursery.  Ghent,   Belgium. 

ROU.\     ET     FILS,    NURSERYMEN,     Valine 

d'Aulnay,  \  Chatena,',  Seine.-so  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPt  CIALTY-FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  r867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle{  1878,  Two  Granris  Prix,  Croix  de  la 
(  Le'gion  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD        BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest    Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Cerlifitrate,  Rnyal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Strong  Canes.  j^3  per  100  :  91.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trade.  5  per  cent,    discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.    FAULKNOR.  Inkpen,  Huneeifard. 

EARS— PEAKS— PEARS.— PYRAMIDS, 

of  the  finest  varieties,  6j.,  91.,  12s.  per  dozen  ;  TRAINED 
TREES,  i2r..  151,  iSr.  per  doz^n. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  OMfield  Nurseiies,  Allrincham ; 
13,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


642 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  1885. 


SALES  ^Y_AUCTION. 

Dutch  Bulbs  -EverT^^n^ursday.  &  Saturday. 

MFSSRS     PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS 
Ml  qFfl  hv  AUTION    attheir  Central  Sal.  Rooms.  67 
H  6a"cheaD.id;   EC    EVERY  MONDAY.  THURSDAY, 
r„rs\TO"RDA'Y.,'a.h  l^past  .X  o'gock  p„c.e^ 

iuLBS  from  Holla;,d,  in  excellent  quahty,  lotted  to  .utt  the 
Trade  -^  W-'^^Bnyer^s.^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  C.talogttes  had. 

CUyrATctl^^OTisTsS&^grGracecliurch  St.,  EC. 
(\TESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

iVl  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  the  above  Rooms,  on 
TinTQriiV    Kovpmber  ii,   at    12  o'clock  precisely,  a  flrst- 

l.f  (Collection  of  DUTCH  bulbs.  400  handsome 

class    LOLLECliUi"  Selected    FRUIT    TREES, 

fl'a%t"coSlFEtl SHRUBS,  AMERICAN  PLANTS   &c^ 

XiT     \.    .„^,..^A  tV,,.  mornine  of  Sale.      Catalogues  had  at  the 

Ro"fml  aVd'TtIhe  Arrfers,  67  and  63,  Cheapstde.  E.C.. 

and  Leytonstone.  E. 

Wednesday  Next.  ^.,m'i 

A  CONSIGNMENT  of  CAMEl^LIAb    AZALEAa   FICUS 

J     .»,«..  Plants  frnm   Beleium  ;  well  grown   b  K-KiNb  ana 

fA^L«?J£-a-^^^^^^ 

f il  r€  ^r^i^df  l'.^rsh^o';';^Iie.Ts"U 

laTy  CTflower' roots.Varcissus.  &c 

MESSRS    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 
wm  SELL^he  above  by  AUCTION    -^'hajj  Cen.», 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68.  Ch^apsrde.  f^clollm^cFs^, 
NEXT,  November  25.  at  half-past  "  o  Clock  prtc'sely. 
On  view  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next  ,_,.,, 
(instead  of  Tnesd.y.  »s  previoushr  adverti>ed). 
ORCHIDS    in    FLOWER.-SPECIAL    SALE. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEX  ANDR^.  the  best  type 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
will    SELL    by.  AUCTION,  at   Jhe.C^mra^Sa^e 
g,oms67and68Xheaps,deE.CoaFR^^^^^^ 

FLOu'eR  from  v'aaous  collections,  including  Cattleyas  Phal^e- 
nopis,  Lxliaalb.d.and  antumnal,s,Odo„.oglossums,Onc,^^^^^^^ 

^.^?°:;°stn^BSN^^rs!^S^«^SEi 

A1?DR^).  of  the  best  <VP=.  )">'  >"'«'^  '"  ^P,','^ J^l 'b?  ,hLra 
■  SLmta^ylast) ""^geThe"  with""!  fine"fofof  eItABLISHED 
°'"^"  Oif  v?erm'o',^ing  £Sale^^ndCa^alognes  had. 

Cranston's  Nurseries,  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 

Important  Iwo  Days'  Sale  of  "?"»">''>'.  "f"-|™X„^con: 
SERY  STOLK,  the  whole  of  which  is  in  exce  lent  con 
dition  fcr  removal,  having  recently  been  transp  anied. 

l\/rESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

iVX  are  instructed  by  The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Com- 
pany, Limiied  (who  are  requiring  the  ground  (or  the  <=»«'«'9n 
?f  the  cultivation  of  Ro.vK.  a  specialty  of  thetrestabhsh- 
meut)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Cranston  s 
Nurseries  King's  Acre,  Hereford,  on  TUESDAY  ai^d 
WEDNESDAYf  Decembrrr  and  =,  "'  ■'_°^^*  ^""X'^ 
each  day,  several  Acres  of  first-class  NURSERY  SlOChv, 
SrefuTly'^  grown,  and  in  capital  cond.t.on  for  removal,  com- 
prising 10  000  Standard,  Pyramid,  and  Dwarf-trained  Frt^.t 
Trees-  sp  endld  Specimen  Conifers,  including  Abies,  Piceas, 
Pta".'  Cupressus,  and  Thuias  of  sorts  ;.  Ornamental  and 
Deciduous  Trees  and  Shrubs  in  great  qutotlty,  Large  Limes 
Poplars"  Chestnuts,  and  other  Standard  Trees;  i^oo  Po„^gal 
T  „;,■-<> ic  T  anrf  U  of  sort=;  200  oco  Larch  rirs,  3  to  o  leei  , 
^oo^'sco'Tch  r!:s.°3M  lo  6  feet;  Thorn  Quicks,  thousands  of 
Spanish  Chestnuts,  4  to  6  feet :  and  other  Stock 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mi  e  arihe  Seed  Warehouse.  Broad  Street,  Hereford  ;  or  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  ChMpside,  London,  t.C. 

N  B  —Conveyances  will  meet  the  morning  Trains  at  Barr  s 
CouJt  and  Burton  Stations  to  take  intending  purchasers  to  the 
Nurseries. 


Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  ^o^s■) 
PLANTS    FROM    GHENT,    ROSES,    &c. 

l\/rR     T.    C.   STEVENS  will   include  in  his 

.-^yil^oIr-^O^r^^'^C-L^^^^^^ 

TziTi"  i-shrcTTVit^K  F.'i^^s'iSIcl; 

DRAC/ENAS.    FICUS,    PALMS,    SPIR/EAS.    and    mher 
PLANTS     from      Ghent  ;     also     first-class     Standard,     Half- 
St^ndardNnd    Dwarf    kOSES,    from    French    and    English 
Growers     BORDER  PLANTS.  BULBS  in  variety   &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale.  andCatalogi'»'>"'1 

Tliursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7036.) 

ODONTOGLOSSUM    GRANDE. 

MR  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
XUCTION.  at  bis  Great  Rooms,  38.  ^'ng  S'ree.^ 
Covent  Garden  W C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  November  36  >'  ';?'l-"^;,,"^°ssuM 
&lTN'SE"in'''=fit'mS""cr5c°/Di°u'l?''wgS'fS 
?ANUM  O  CAVENDISHI  O.  HEMATOCHILUM, 
CYRTOCHILUM  MACULATUM  ;  CATTLEYAS  from 
Brazil:  BARKERIA  species  from  the  '^'.f-'"  *Jt"nR;j- 
kTu:rBl'G.'BruM°aIn^^t'°ofcT^lEV'A>)l|T°aYS. 
TOGLOSSA  PHAL^.NOPSIS.  GRANDIFLORA   &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had^ 

W«at  of  England 
r\LD  ESTABLISHED  SEED  BUSINESS 

\J  for  DISPOSAL  -Central  situation  m  a" 'fP''"'"\  "jf; 
with  extensive  connection  in  several  counties,  principally 
Flower  and  Agricultural.  Excellent  opening  ,,„iji}ic 
FulTparticularsand  terms  ol  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS. 
67  and  68.  Cheapiide,  London.  EC.  


FOR  SALE,  30  large  Mar^chal  Niel  ROSE 
TREES    4  la-ge   STEPHANOTI3    FLORIBUNDA, 
100    EUCHARIS    AMAZONICA,    100    CAMELLIAS,    100 
AZALEAS.  100  GARDENIA  Plants. 
G.  WALKLING.  College  Park  Nursery,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

MANETTI      STOCKS,     hard      and     well- 
rooted,  fine  for  Grafting  or  Planting.  31.  per  100,  201. 

per   1000.  iCS  per  10,000.      Packagee  free  for  cish. 
KIRK  ALLEN,  TheNursery.  Fen  Drayton.  St.  Iv 


Exeter.  .-,   t    t^ 

TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD, 
SAINT  THOMAS'  NURSERY 
It  comprises  ,  acre  of  deep,  rich,  healthy  Sod,  Cucumber  and 
other  Houses  about  f  ex,  by  .4  feet,  arches  for  Mushrooms  a  acres 
of  Land  may  be  ad  led  ;  two  minutes  "''V  ,^d^ndust,y "»: 
best  -ituation  in  Exeter-  No  capital,  but  care  and  industiy  re 
quired. J    SEARLE,  Oedi.on. 

NURSERY,  8  miles  from  London, 
Lease  nineteen '  years.  Pent  ;t.o  'o'  f>>VnTT4?E' 
I  Acre  of  GROUND,  nice  double-fronted  COTTAGE, 
recently  bu.lt. 

Price  for  Lease,  and  three  splendidly-built  GLASS 
uniKTT^  nnf  t^o  feet  long  one  iia  feet,  and  one  loo  teet. 
wi?h  six  lows  of  PIPE,  an  nearly  new.'.nd  well  heated, 
only  isoo,  part  of  which  can  remain  at  5  per  cent. 

Apply.  C.  H.  COWLES  Woodford.  Essex. 


Thornton  Heath. 
In  a  prcmioent  posiiiou,  good  locality,  capital  opening  for  a 

WELL  ESTABLISHED  NURSERY,  acre 
of  Ground,  five  Greenhouses.     Lease  fo.ty-two  years. 

'^Termi'afi"pa,^cut;?s*(  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G. 


PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  Gardbu  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone E       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


Coldharbour    Nurs  ry.     245,     Coldharhour    Lane 

nRrvrnM  S  W  wiihin  one  minutes  walk  ol  i^ufili- 
Wu^'ghTncfion  Sta"tion.  L  C  and  D  Railway  -d  only 
three  minutes'  walk  from  Loughboiough  Park  btation,  on 
the  South  London  Line.  „„.,,.,Tr-^ 

MESSRS.  PEED  AND  GREAVES  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  WooUett  &  S,n  to  SELL  b, 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  Coldharbour  Nursery  (in  conse- 
quence  of  part  of  the  ground  being  required  '»'  b"'''!'"/ 
Surposes).  on  MONDAY.  November  3;,  ='  >■  "Clock  pre- 
a.elv  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK.,  comp.isiog  8000 
Foresi  Trees  and  Shrub,,  5=0  Fruit  Trees,  200  standard  and 
dwarf  Roses.  1000  Rhododendrons.  ao:o  Euonymus^  4°<» 
fliwering  and  other  Border  Shrubs,  jcoo  Greenhouse  Plants, 
consistin'g  of  specimen  Camellias.  ,  feet  to  8  lee^h.gh  ;  Ara^as 
r.ardeti  as  Dracsenas,  Iso  epis,  Clemaiis,  faims.  rerns,  o-t.  , 
S"  the  e  erton  of  Six  GkEEN HOUSES.  Five  Ranges  of 
B^ick  PITS  Tubular  and  other  BOILERS.  Hofwaier  PIPES. 
and  other  effects  Catalogues 
had  on  ihe  Premies  and  of  Melsrs  PEED  ^ND  GREAVES, 
Horticultural  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  Loughborough  Road, 
E.ixton,  S W. . 

Dutch  Flower  Roots.        „„^  ,     . 

MR  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street 
Covent  feJdenWi..  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  ffom '=  ?"  '° 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o  Clock. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application.       

Tuesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7034.) 

2ooj50lendid  Bi.lbsof  LILIUM  AURA!  UM.  from  Japan. 

loo'coo  SEEDS,  m  var.eiy,  fromNew  South  Wales  and  Brazd. 

300  Stedling    CAMELLIAS.   &c.,   from    Messrs.   C.    M. 

,0,000  Ee"rLltY°6F°^^HE°  VALLEY  CROWNS,  from 

Germany.  ,    .  j    nAR- 

70O  Ho^m|-|-wn^  ULIES,^_,c^^ch^o,c^e^^nani  ^^^^^ 

BULBS,  &c.  „     ,      ,  u 

R  T   C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above 

by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
ivent  GMden,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  November  114. 
half.past  12  o'clock  precisely.         .  ...      ,  .     , 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
.     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANT°NG  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
Lid  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS     Plans  prepared. 
115.  Lisiria  Park.  Samford  Hill.  N. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

Garden  Archi/tct  and  Natural  Sock  Buildtr, 

SHAW  HEATH.  STOCKPORT. 

Ferneries,  Grottoes,  and  Rockwo.k,  in  common  with  Landscape 

.-.___  —-....  any  locality. 


Silv 


Garde 

Medal  awarded  Pn 


1  Guild, 


M 


To  Landscape  Qardenera  and  Others. 
rpHE     METROPOLITAN     ASYLUMS 

i  BOARD  are  prepared  to  RECEIVE  TENDERS  for 
LAYING  OUT'\nT'pLANTING  the  GROUNDS  of 
Northern  Hospital,  now  in  course  of  "«"°°  "  ^  jfoffice 
Hill.  N.  A  Plan  and  Specifigition  may  be  1"^/""' °"'=« 
of  the  Arch  tecs,  Messrs  P"°'°K'°\ * .  '^"''^''"■^^'^o.  8. 
lohn's  Street,  Adtlphi,  W.C  ,  between  the  hours  of  lo  and  4 
ihere  and  .hen  printed  forms  (upon  which  onlv  Tenders  will 
be  received),  may  be  obtained  upon  a  deposit  of  .£22!  .which 
»mI1  be  returned  uoon  the  receipt  of  a  b^ni  /iJ^  Tender 
Tenders,  duly  -ealed  and  endorsed.  Tender  for  LayinB^out 
and  Planting  Grounds  of  Northern  Hospi  al.  are  to  be  delivered 
"the  OfBcfs  of  the  Board.  No.  37,  Norfolk  Street  Strand, 
W.C.  by  or  before  ,2  o'Clock.  Noon,  on  Friday  the  27th  inst. 

The  Board  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest  or  any 
Tender.  By  order.  w.  F.  JEBB,  Clerk. 

No.  37.  Norfolk  Street,  Strand,  W.C,  N 


.  Hu 


(^AMV.    COVERT  and  FOREST  TREES. 

VT  —English  Futza.  los.  id.  per  1000  ;  Broom,  joi^per  Icoo  ; 
Alder.  Ash.  Beech,  Birch,  Bitter  0>ieis,  Spanish  Chestnuts. 
Elms  of  sorts,  Wych  Elm,  Hazel,  Hypericum,  Laurels,  Limes, 
Oaks  (English),  Evergreen  Privet,  Sycamore  Thoin  IJuick, 
Thorns  (Standards).  Rhododendrons,  Ghent  Azaleas,  ■Willows 
of  sorts.  Yuccas  Apples.  &c.  Priced  LI  3Tb  on  application  to 
W    MAULE  anp  sons.  The  Nurseries.  B.istol. 


ABIES  DOUGLASII  GLAUCA.  —  Un- 
doubtedly one  of  the  finest  introductions  of  late  years, 
being  hardier,  mote  compact,  and  not  apt  to  lose  lli  leader  like 
the  common  Doujlasii.  2  to  3  feet,  r2i  ;  3  to  4.  feet.  i8j.  per 
dozen.  A  LIST  of  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS.  Aberdeen 


DOUBLE  TUBEROSES,  extra  fine,  7S.  per 
dozen  ■  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Roots,  4«.  and 
6r.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  German  Crowns, 
jr.  &/  per  .00;  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  35  per  dozen; 
AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  from  181.  per  dozen.  Large 
quantities  at  cheaper  rates.     Trade  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  CO..  I  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C,  and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W?. 

C~"aSH  PRICES. —  SEAKALE,  very  fine 
Crowns  for  Forcing.  GRAPE  VINES.  FIGS, 
PFACHES  &c  in  Pots,  well  set  for  Fruit.  Excellent  Dwarf- 
trfined  p\-ACHES.  NECTARINES,  and  APRICOTS,  well 
lipened  and  fibrous-rooted.  Nett  Price  LIST  on  anplication. 
WILL  TAYLER,  Oshorn  Nursery.  Hampton.  Middlesex. 


HE  R  B  A  R  I  U  M  for  SALE,   in  perfect 
condition     containing  over  10,003  Plants  from  all  parts 
of  the  World,  representing  almost  every  Natural  Order  ;  .nostly 

5.  The  Circus,  Greenwich,  S.E.  


Seed  Potatos. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  beg  to  announce  that 
.  their  Wholesale  Priced  LIST  of  SEED  PO  rATOS 
is  now  ready  and  can  be  forwarded  at  once  on  application.  It 
comprises  all  the  best  vaiie.ies  in  cultivation,  including  several 
novellies  of  ste.l.ng  merit.  The  samples  are  very  fine  this 
season  and  entirely  free  from  disease,  and   the  prices  will  be 


ng  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


irling,  1 


includ- 


LARCH,  i-yr.  i-yr.,  S-f.  6^.  ;  i  to  i^  foot,  los. 
6d  :  iK  102  feet,  i6i.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  201.  :  3  to4feet,  251.  ; 
4  to  5  feet,  3zr.  6J.  p^r  looa.  Nett  cash.  Ground  wanted. 
Trade  prices  on  application.     Apply  at  once. 

The  Nurseries.  Flanybyther. 

Home-grown  Vegetable  and  Field  Seeds. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to  for- 
•  w,rd  on  aoolication  their  Wholesale  Special  Priced 
LIST  of  H"me  groS-n  VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  of 
,885  growth,  all  raised  from  the  best  selected  stocks  and  harvested 
b  splendid  condition.  The  Ptlces  will  be  found  very  adrant- 
ageous.        Seed  Growing  EjUbhshment,  Wisbech. 


found  very  1 


SBIDE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
•  extensivs  stock  of— 

FRUIT     TREES     (Dwarf.trained)  —  Apricots,     Nectarines, 

Peaches,  Apples,  Pears,  Cherries,  &C. 
FOREST  TREES-Larchand  Scotch  Fir.  Ash.  Haiel,  Kc. 
ROSES-Standard  and  Dwarf  ASH-Seedling,  t-yr. 

ASPARAGUS-For  Planting  ;  for  Forcing.  nrnTI 

The  whole  being  second  to  none  in  the  Trade.  CATALOGUES 
of  General  Nursery  Stock,  wuh  Prices.  &c.,  on  application  to 

S.  BIDE,  Alma  Nursery,  Farnham,  Surrey. 

Cash  Prices 
nRAPE    VINES,    FIGS,   PEACHES,  &a, 

\T  ir,  Prtt-  pxcellent  well-ripened  trees  for  immediate 
f^ing'.°  A  b?ge  stock  of  Cery  fine  Dwarf-trained  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  and  APRICpTs,  with  fibrous  roots.  StA- 
K4LE  for  Forcing.    The  choicest  ROSES.     Nelt  Price  List 

""vfLL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex. 
special  Offer  -Expiration  of  Lease. 

ROSES,  Best  Dwarf  H.P.,  35^.  per  lOO ;  fifty 
for  2or.  „    ,     ,     J. 

TEA  ROSES,  in  J.inch  pols,  all  the  leadu 

ing  Niphetos,  Marechal  Niel,  and  Or: 

NEW  ROSES  of'1885,  in  48.pots,  i2j.  per  dozen. 
STANDARD  ROSES,  including  Gloire  de  Dijon  and  Mariichal 
Niel,  12J.  per  dozen^ 

APPLE  TREES.  Standards,  i8s.  per  doz.;  Pyramids,  rji.  dol. 

,     ,.     Bush.  6j.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained,  2IJ.  per  dozen. 
PEARS,  Standards,  i8i.  per  dozen  ;  Pyramids.  5  lo  6  feet,  jit. 

per  dozen. 
Dwarf-trained,  24^-  per  dozen.    _    .      ,  . 

PLUMS.  Sundards.  iSr.  per  dozen  ;  'Trained,  241.  P"  doien^ 
GOOSEBERRIES,  Warrington  and  best  leading  sorts,  M.  na. 

per  dozen.  i8j  per  100. 
CURRANTS,  Red  and  Black,  2j.  per  dozen,  151.  per  too. 
CONIFERS,  for  Lawn  Planting,  all  good  varieties,  121.  p.  Hot. 
SHRUBS,  Flowering,  45  per  dozen. 
BOX,  Tree.  8s.  per  dozen. 
BAY   S*eet,  or.  to  i8j.  perdozen,  2to  3feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Scarlet,  j  to  to  feet,  8j.  to  24J.  per  dozen. 
IVIES   in  sorts,  Plam  and  Variegated,  in  pots,  gs.  per  dozen. 
LAURELS.    Portugal,   Standards,   2  feet  stems,  good  heads, 

ar  6rf.  each.  .  .  .         »„ 

PYRUS  MAITLEI,  fruit  makes  a  delicious  preserve,  in  pots, 

PRlVET^'for  Hedge'Planting,  15J.  to25S.  per  1000.  _ 

ASH,  Weeping,  stem.  8  to  10  leet,  ,s   61.  each.  \   g 

LABURNUMS,  good  heids.  IS.  each  ,  a  ,,,.1,  a 

ELMS,  for  Avenue  Planting,  9  to  .2  feet.  is.  ^A  each       I 
PLANES,  best  for  Town  Planung,  8  to  ,0  t..  is.  Si'  each.  V| 
POPLARS,  Black  Itahan,  8  to  12  ft..  6j.  to  .2S.  per  doz.     -o 
SYCAMORE,  8  to  10  feet,  6s.  per  dozen.  I    o 

THORNS,  Standard,  flowering    15s.  per  dozen.  /  m 

Thibet  Evirg<->eHt  for  Sca-ndePlanUn^.      _ 

PINE  Austrian,  12  to  .8  inches,  61.  per  ito  ;  18  to  24  inches. 
PINE,  Au,tna^  .^^^  _^ .  ^^  ^^  ^^  .__  ^^^  ^^^  ,„„  .  3^  „ 

36  inches,  35s.  per  100  :  3  to  4  feet.  50s.  per  ico. 
CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA.  m  pots,  4t0  5tt.,  i8s.  perdoi. 
ESCALLONIA  MACRANTHA,  in  pots,  6s.  per  dozen. 
EUONYMUS,  best  green.  12  to  .8  mches,  4s.  per  dozen  .  18  to 
24  inches.  5s.  per  dozen.  ,  „     ,;.  ,„  «, 

AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  best  for  covering  waUs,  6s.  to  9s. 
per  dozen. 

Cash  to  accompany  order.        _ 
CATALOGUES  post-lree  on  application. 

GAKAWAY  St,  CO..  Dnrdham  Down,  CUfton.  BrlstOL 
HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five   hundred 

varieties  including  the  best  of  the  Exhibition.  Decora- 
tive Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
'now  '"dj,  buyer's  selection,  1.  6^.  pe^  doz-    .os^  pe„=o  , 

'\m'.  ETHERINGTON,  Manor  House,  Swanscombe,  Kent. 


November  ai,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


643 


L ILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grown). 
— We  are  dow  taking  up  in  fioe  condition  the  Bulbs  of 
Lilium  auratum,  whirh  produced  ihe  magnificent  flowers  which 
we  exhibited  at  the  Great  Coi.servatory.  South  Kensington,  all 
through  August  and  September,  and  which  obtained  universal 
admiration.  Prices,  15J.,  24^.,  and  361.  per  dozen  ;  very  large 
bulbs,  55  each;  ? '-fected  best  lorms,  2J.  6(^.,  3J.  6rf.,  and  5;.  each. 
Our  importatu.iLa  ^i  Indian  LILIES,  POLYPHYLLUM, 
WALLICHIANUM,  NEILGHERRtCNSE,  are  now  on 
their  way.  For  prices,  see  our  List  No,  77.  pages  15,  ig. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 


FOREST         TREES. 
To  be  snid  a  great  bargain  to  clear  the  ground. 
500  CHESTNUT  TREES,  lo  to  12  (eel, 
soo  t.IMES,  6  to  12  feet. 
500  WALNUT  TRE6S,  6  to  14  eet. 
A  lew  thousand  stron?  MANETTI. 
No  reasonable  off.-r  will  be  refused. 
Apply  to  Mr.  CODPER,  Calcot  Gardens,  Reading. 


'■p  R 


AINED         PEACH        TREES. 

Some  of  the  best  sorts,  well  trained  and  strong. 
Apply   to    Mr.    COOPER,   Calcot    Gardens,    Reading. 

PY  R  A  M  fo  APPLE  T  R  E  E  S.— 
Fine  grown  Trees  of  the  best  sort?,  including  — Blenheim 
Orange.  Cellini,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Golden  Reirelte,  King 
of  the  Pippins,  Lord  SufBeld,  Keswick  Codlin,  Warner's  King, 
Wellington,  &c. 

Apply  to  Mr.  COOPER,  Calcot  Gardens.  Readinc. 

Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  wed  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supe.ior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihcy  wtU  be  glad  to  make  special  offers  upon 

ap£lication. 

preparation,  and 

WILSON    SERPELL,     Nurseryman, 

•     &c..  Plymouth,  begs  to  offtr  ihe  followins  Shrubs,  &c  , 
ail  well-rootedstulT;  ea.ly  o.dirs  solicited  :- 
CRYPTOAlERI\   ELEG.aNS,  handsome  stuff,  3  to  4  fee:, 

\Zs.  per  dozen. 
PICEA  N0BILI3,  12  to  2|  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 

planted,  12J.  to  241.  per  dozen. 
YEWS,  Irish.  weiHunnshed,  3  to  4  feet, -18^.  per  dozen. 
PINUS  IMSIGNIi.  2  to  3  feet,  i8j.  per  dozen. 
MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaved,  in  pots,  well  established, 

9J.  per  dozen. 

PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  el-rg-ins,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Phcciix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euterpe  eduli^,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  dozen,  251.  per  lO)  ; 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  \is.  per  dozen,  less  quantity, 
IS.  yi.  each. 

FERNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  Lomaria  Gibba, 
Adi^nium     cuneatum    (Maidenhair).    Ptens    tremula,    Pteris 
serrulala,  Pteris  semilata  cristata,  Pteris  creticaalbo  lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  zcr.  per  100,  31.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  [^TERMEDIA  (true),  61.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
G.\RDENEk,  Holly  Lodge,  htamtord  Hill,  London.  N. 


To  Nuraerymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

DUTCH   BULBS— Season  1835. 

WHY  pay  Freight  from  Holland  to  London 
on  Dutch  Bulbs,  when  you  can  buy  at  a  cheaper 
rate,  tho  same  quality,  and  get  ihem  brought  over  free  by  order- 
ing from  LEWIS  ISAACS,  Wholesale  Importer  of  Dutch 
Bulbs,  at  3.  Victoria  Warehouses,  Mansell  Street,  Aldgate.  E.C.  ? 
Established  since  1856.  Wholesale  Caralogue  sent  post-free  on 
application.  An  immense  stock  o(  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  is  kept  at 
the  above  address  from  August  up  to  end  of  Dec    in  each  year. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  lor  26s. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  cnmaini  a  m  ist  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  bjaulirul  and  H.>rdy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Kock- 
work,  wir.ch  produce  flowers  and  render  the  gardeu  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  free. 

RICH-iRll    SMITH    and    CO.,     Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Special"  cheap  offer.  —  pines, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet :  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Sc  .ich,  12  10  24  mches  ;  ELM,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ; 
ASH,  Common,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feel,  4  to  s  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
iK  to  2  feet,  2  to  3  feel,  7  ro  8  feet,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT, I  to  2  feet  ;  HORNBEAM,  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  8  feet,  8  to  9  feet  ;  MAPLE,  4  to  10  feet  ;  OAK,  English, 
from  I  to  10  feet :  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  feet,  8  to  10 
feet,  10  to  II  feet  ;  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  feet,  10  to  n 
feet:  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  good; 
PRIVET,  Oval-leal.  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  fire  ;  QUICK, 
THORN,  4,  5,  and  6-yr.,  fine  ;  SYCAMORES.  3  to  4  leet.  4  to 
5  feet,  7  to  8  feet.  8  to  9  feet:  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet; 
BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BOX,  CUPRESSUS,  vari- 
ous; ELDERS,  Gold:  CURRANTS.  Howering  :  HOLLIES, 
in  Ereat  variety;  IVIES,  in  sorts;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  ;  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundtet  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sues  —  beautiful  stuff; 
REriNOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c.,  apply  to 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stoke-on-Trent. 


D 


OUBLE     AFRICAN     TUBEROSES.— 

T  too,  f,^  per  I030  ;  extra  large,  finest 


rted.  1 


AMERICAN   PEARL,  ditto,  I2J.  per  too,  £s  P» 
LILIUM    AUKAIUM,  cheapest  for  quality  e\ 


B 


d  1S2,  Fenchurch  Street.  E.C. 

EACHEY'S   SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 


jilectK 


iu  Eoelai 


.  -  -  ally  prcpaed  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  P.loommg.  Comie  Brazra's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6j.  per  dizen  plants,  la-t,  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac :  NewYork,  bcauliiul  Double  Violet  with  red 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Mane  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  3r.  6d.  per  dozen  plants,  -js.  6d. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cultivation,    also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,   and    PRIM- 
ROSES, iiid.,  free- 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,  Fludsr,  Kingskerswell,  Devonshire. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


THE     COMMITTEE 

deg-  to    GIVE  NOTICE  that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STREET, 

■WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

ami  it  is   respectfully  requested  that  all  coin- 
miinications  may  be  addressed  there. 
^.      />>  Order, 

EDWD.  K.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  3,  1SS5. 


pONSFORD        AND        SON 

L  offer  at  very  low  prices  : — 

LAURELS-infourvars: 
iUONVMUS. 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS- 
FRUIT  TREES-Maidens  to  Bearing  Trees- 
MULBERRIES. 
CONIFER.¥.-many  kinds. 

Brixton,  Surrey,  and  Bromley,  Kent, 
Telegraphic  Address  :— '  MULBERRIES.  Lc  iNDON." 


CHEAP  BULBS 

FOR  PLANTING   IN    LARGE  MASSES  IN 

SHRIJBBERJES,  BEDS  AND  BORDERS. 

Per         Per     Per 

HYACINTHS,  Red,  White  and  Blue     160A  18'  3' 

TULIPS,  Double  or  Single,  Mixed           40/.  4/6  8(i 

NARCISSUS,mixed  border  v.ineties  25/-  3/-  6d' 
GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 

vivid  scarlet,  extra  large  ..  ..  gO/-  7/6  \iZ 
GL.IDIOLHS    BEENCHLKYENSIS, 

Good  Bulbs ,,c,.  c,g  y. 


45/- 


Nareissus,  Poeticus 
Daffodils,  single 
Crocus,  mixed 
Croous,  yellow 
Qrocua,  blue  . . 
Crocus,  white 
Crocus,  striped 
Jonquil,  Carapernel 


3/- 


Iris,  inixed  Spanish  2/6 

Anemones,  double  , .  4/- 

Anemones,  single    . .  3/6 

Star  of  Bethlehem  . .  3/6 

Ranunculus,  Persian  2/6 

8oilla,  pale  blue      . .  3/6 

Scilla  Eiberica       . .  4/6 

Snowdrops     . .        . .  2/6 


All   Parcels   Carriage   Free. 

Seedsmen   by   Eoyal   Warrant   to    H.R.H.  The 

Prince   of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN, 
LONDON. 


PURPLE  CATALlr-A. 

Now  offered  f-^r  the  first  time. 

Raiser's  Description.—  The  purplc-leaved  Catalpa  is 
constant  in  this  :— The  tree  grows  constantly  from  early  Spring 
to  October  frosts.  There  are  four  pairs  of  the  young  leaves 
(terminal),  are  always  an  intensely  metallic  purple.  The  older 
leaves  are  from  black-purple  to  deep  green.  The  original  tree 
is  about  18  feet  high  ;  every  branch  has  a  terminal  crown  of 
dark  purple  leaves  all  the  time  from  April  to  October.  The 
mature  leaves  are  lo  to  i8  inches  diameter  either  way.  Small 
Plants.  I  to  2  feet  high.  loi.  di.  ;  larger,  2  to  3  feet,  £,\  \s. 

H.  WATERER,  Importer  and  Exporter  of  Plants  and  Bulbs 
56  N.,  3Sth  Street,  Philadelphia.  U.S.A. 

Until  the  End  of  Decemberof this  Year 

I  beg  to  cffer. 
Packhig  Free  afid  Carriage  Paid  throughout  Great  Britain, 

CON  I  FER/E, 

GRAFTS  and  CUTTINGS  from  AUTUMN,  1884, 
143.  per  100,  £5  per  1000, 


in  the  follow 

CHAM^CYPARIS  sphaero- 

RETINOSPORA  er 

idea  aurea 

,,     leptoclada 

CUPRESSUS       Lawsoniana 

,,     pisifera  aurea 

albo-spica 

„     plumosa 

„     ,,     argentea 

„    „    argenteo  va 

„     argenteo  vancjata 

,t     .,    aurea 

,,     aureo  variegata 
,,     c  mpacta 

TAXUS    elegantlssi 

„     elegans  variegata 

„    hibemica 

THUI^Ellwaogeria 

„     lutea 

,,     Vervxneana 

,,    minima  glauca 

,,     Smichi 

„    stricta  glauca 

THUIOPSIS  boreal 

,,    dolabrata 

A.    M.    C.    JONGKINDT    CONINOK, 

TOTTENHAM   NURSERJES, 
DEDEMSV.AART,   nbar   ZWOLLE,  '  NETHERLANDS 


THARLY      PEAS      FOR     SEED. 

^^        PRIZE  TAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST, 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 

All  harvested  without  tain. 

Price  loj.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upwards.     Apply, 

C.  RANDELL,  Chadbury,  near  Evesham. 

Vines— Vines-Vines. 
T'HE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 

-*-  CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  ihis  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES;  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
country,  either  for  fruiting  in  pots  or  planting  vineries.  Black 
Hamburghs  are  especially  fine.  Planting  Canes,  St.  md 
71-  6,/.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  101.  6,/  each. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  near  Liverpool 

Telegraphic  Address  —  "COWAN,    LIVERPOOL." 

CHRISTMAS         .KOSES. 
CHRISTMAS    ROSES. 
HELLEBORUS    NIGER    ANGUSTIFOLIUS,    "Brock.' 
burst  "  variety,  pure  white,  very  free,  good  £n'o*er,  grand  for 
Forcing    and  the  best   of  all  the  Christmas    Roses.      Strong 
clumps,  IS.  6d ,  is.,  and  jr.  6j.  each;   181.,  24J.,  and  305.  per 

VVM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nurseries,  Altrinchara: 

12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

Bermuda  Easter  Lily, 
T  ILIUM    HARRISII.— This    Lily,    coming 

-Li  direct  from  Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
variety  generally  sent  from  America  under  the  above  name,  to 
\vhich  it  is  much  supeiior,  and  different  in  bulb,  growth,  and 

■Mr.  SyiLLiAM  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  impor* 
tation  direct  from  Bermuda,  and  can  supply  good  bulbs  at  ar.  6ti. 
and  31  6d.  each  ;  gigantic  bulbs,  51.  and  7s.  6d.  each  ;  a  few 
monsier  bulbs,  i  foot  in  circumlerence,  tor.  6d.  each. 

LILIUM  AUKATUM.-Mr.  Willia.m  Bull  is  now  booking 
orders  (or  good,  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6s  ,  gs..  12s  ,  i8r.,  and 
24J.  per  dojfen.     All  other  good  Lilies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  lor  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road. 
Chelsea.  London,  S.W.  .^.i  .         » 

T3INUS     ARISTATA.— "A    correspondent 

-L  who  has  tried  the  nursety  trade  in  vain  "  for  the  above 
Pine,  may  surely  find  it  in  many  nurseries,  but  nowhere  so 
cheap  and  so  good  as  with 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen,  who  can  give  fine 
healthy  plants,  6  to  9  inches,  at  is.  ;  9  to  12  inches,  at  ij.  6d 
and  3  to  4  feet,  at  71.  6d  each. 

A  LIST  of  all  hardy  Pines  sent  free  on  application. 


FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  offer,  in 
splendid  stuff  and  at  low  prices,  the  following:— PLANES, 
II  to  12  feet,  straight  stems  and  good  heads:  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  3  to  4  feet,  bushy:  Ov.al-l«af  PRIVET, 
4  to  5  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shooM ; 
SWtEr  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  to  4  feet:  Double  GORSE,  in 
poLs,  2  feet,  bushy  :  BERBERIS  DARWINII,  in  pots,  a  to  3 
feet,  bushy  ;  LILACS,  5  to  6  feet  :  RIBES.  4  feet. 
Richmond,  Surrey. 


ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  bast  varieties. 

""^"pl'-.oo"''-  "    ""  *'""■  ""■\F^y''^a,.dCa^g, 

'^^'',o5l.''p°';o^.''-  "'■  ^'  ^°"°']  for  Cash  wff Otder. 

CLEMATIS  (80.000),  I2J.  to  241.  per  dozen. 

ROiES,  in  Pots  (So.ooo).  15J.  to  36J.  per  dozen. 

FRUir  TREES  (74  Acres). 

VINES  (60C0),  3J  6d.  to  tos.  6d. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 

STRAWBERKIES,  41.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  15J.  to  251.  per  lc« 

ASPARAGUS.  7S.  6d.  per  too  :  Forcing,  I2r.  6d.  per  too. 

SEAKALE,  strong  Forcine,  i6j.  per  100. 

EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS     ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(gt  Agrees). 
FLOWEKING  SHRUBS,  8r.  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS  UNDERWOOD,  &c 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  fret, 

RICHARD"  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 
SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF  WELL-GKOWN  STOCK. 
6,000  FRUIT  TREES,  mostly  Pyramids  and 
Standards,  consisting  of  best  sorts, 
APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES. 
15,000  GOOSEBERRIES,  mostly  Wairington  ; 
also  some  Red  and  Black  CURRANT^ 


10,000   LAURELS,      including     rotundiflora    and 

caucasictim. 
20.000    IVIES,  mostly  smallleaved. 
5  000    TREE  BOX. 

5,000    POPLARS,  LIMES,  THORNS,    CHEST. 
NUTS. 


And  for  Special  Quotations,  &'€.,  apply  to 

HARRISON    &    SONS, 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  GROWERS, 
X.EICESTEB. 


644 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[NOVEMBBR  21,    1885. 


jited  with  1 


Every  Garden  and  every  Garde..--  - 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  28.  6d  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 

Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SKA  VIEW  NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 

ALL    AGREE 

THE    "RED     ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powerful 

heating  Boiler  yet  introduced. 

Awards  :— 

Intematirnal  E.\hibitinn,  London— Silver  Medal. 
Northumberland  Agr.cnliural-^ilver  Medal 
Newcastle-upon-T)  ne  Horticultural- Very  Highly  Commended. 
Royal  Caledonian,  Edinburgh — Unanimously  Commended. 

Tht  /olUnL'i'tg   Gentlemen^    Ntirserymfn,   and    Hot  water 
Engineers  Imve  alrady  kindley  honoured -with  their  apprecia- 
tion and  confidence  hy  ordering  the  "Red  Rose,"  set'eral  o/ 
whom  have  also/o>  warded  most  valuable  testimonials  :— 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esq  ,  Kimmel  Park.  Abergele,  N.W. 
R.  C.  CI  EPHAN,  Esq.,    Birtley  White   House,   Chester-le- 

Street 
I.  JONAH  SMITH,  Esq.,  Afh  Lodge,  Watford   Herts. 
Rev.  R.  D.  SHAFTOE.  The  Vicarage.  Branspeth. 
KDWD.WILLIAMS.Esq  ,  Cleveland  Lodge,  Middleshorough. 
The  TRUSTEES,  Wtsleyan  Chape',  Chester-le-Street 

On  account  of  the  great  success  achieved  at  the  Wesleyan 
Chapel  the  Primitive  Methodists  have  also  decided  to  order  the 
"  Red  Rose  "  for  their  new  chapel. 

Nurserymen ;— • 
Messrs.  T.  H.\RKNESS  and  SON,  Leeming,  Yorkshire. 

„     JOHN  E.  KNIGHT.  Wolverhampton. 

„    JOHN  TURTLE.  Welling,  Kent. 

„     E.  HILLIERS,  Winchester. 

„     HUGH  MUNRO  and  SON,  Lame.^ley,  Co.  Durham. 

„     A.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Newtorards,  Ireland. 

,,     F.  D.  PuUSTIE,  Bridge  of  Allan,  N.B. 

„     G.  FAIRBAIRN,  Botcriebv.  Carlisle. 

,,    WILLIAM  HANDYSIUES,  Newca.-tle-on-Tyne. 

„     E.  W.  CANT  ELLO,  f  a.idown.  Isle  ol  Wight. 

„    J.  B.  WALKER,  Tavistock. 

For  particulars  apply 

JOSEPH    WtrHERSPOON, 

RED    ROSE    VINERIES.    CHES  lER-LE-STREET. 
P.S.  — French  and  German  Patents  for  Sale. 


DUTCH    BULBS. 

JARMANS  No.  6  COLLECTION 

contains  1000  selected  and  assorted  Bulbs, 
for  Indoor  and  Out-ofdoor  combined. 
Price  2is.  cash.  Package  and  Carriage 
Free.     Others  at  6s.  6d.  to  £4,  V. 


ROSES, 

Ts.  dd.  per  dozen,  55.?.  per  100.      Packing  and 
carriage  free.     A  big  stock  and  fine  Plants. 


Send  for  large  Descriptive  LIST  of  Bulbs, 
Roses,  Plants,  Seeds,  dr'c,  to 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

The  People's  Seedsman, 
CHARD,    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


RASPBERRY, 

BA  UMFORTH'S  SEEDLING. 

TRANSPLANTED   CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 

Is  now  Booking  Orders  for  Present  Delivery. 

Planting  Canes  . .    . .  17s.  6d.  per  100. 
Fruiting  Canes  ..    ..  253.  „ 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 


THE  YORKSHIRE   SEED  ESTABLISHMENT,  HULL. 

FOREST  TREES 

One  of  the  largest  stocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 
unsurpassed  ;   prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;   roots  abundant. 
Catalogues  and  all  injormatioti  on  application, 

LITTLE  J   B^LLANTYNE, 

Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

CARLISLE. 


Fruit  Trees,  Grape  Vines,  Roses. 

HUGH    LOW  &   CO. 

OFFER   OF   FINE   QUALITY    AND  BttST  VARIETIES— 

Dwarf  Maiden  APPLES.  CHERRIES,  PEARS.  PLUMS, 
ss.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained  APPLES.  CHERRIES, 
PEARS,  PLUMS,  v>s.  to  4jj.  per  doien  ;  Dwarf  Maiden 
APRICOTS,  NECTARINES.,  PEACHES,  121.  per  dozen: 
Dwarl-trained  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  PEACHES, 
V  id.  to  51.  each:  Standard  Maiden  NECTARINES  and 
PEACHES  3J.6./.each;SlandardCHERRIES.5is  perdozen: 
CHERRIES,  z-years.  with  side  shoots,  12,.  perdozen  ;  DAM- 
SON FARLEIOH  PROLIFIC,  Dwarf  Maiden,  i2j.  per 
dozen:  z.years.  with  side  shoots,  i8j-  per  dozen;  PEAKS, 
Pyramid  on  Quince,  izr.,  i8t  per  dozen  ;  PEARS,  z-yea-s, 
on  Pear  Stocks,  with  s  de  shoots.  121.  per  dozen;  PLU.MS, 
a.years,  with  side  shoots,  \is.  per  dozen  ;  ROSES,  a  fine  collec- 
tion Dwarfs  on  Manetli,  85.  per  dozen,  5-^5.  per  100  ;  ROSES. 
half-Standards  and  Standards,  12J.,  i8j.  per  dozen;  ROSE 
GLOIRE  DE  DIJON,  open  ground,  95..  tzj.  per  dozen  :  very 
strong,  in  pots,  M.  6d.  2J  td.,  3r.  itet.,  sr.  each  ;  ROSE 
MARECHAL  NIEL,  in  pots,  12  feet,  5s.  each:  ROSE 
NIPHETOS,  strong,  in  pots,  sj,,  31.  6J.,  51.  each:  VINES, 
BLACK  ALICANTE,  BLACK  HAMBURGH.  GROS 
COLMAR.  and  other  fioe  sorts,  Plantiirg  Canes.  31  &d.  to  55. 
each  ;  Forcing  Canes,  js.  6d.  to  los.  dd. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


j(Dlinfst.ibl:slicti.  " J. 

ORNAMENTAL   TREES,       \ 

ffrtilt  Crccs,         I 

Evergreens  a  Cover  Plants,  \ 
And  ALL  OTHER  Trees  A  Plants^ 


SPLENDID   QUALITY. 

roiP'tnced  by  n'eryotie  "U'lf/UiilUd." 


gIcli:ifclE:ilUi:ii)g.  Address  in full^  \ 

J'.c^^l.^icReron  agonal 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN.  | 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

OUR  EXHIBIT  at  the  NATIONAL 
EXHIBITION,  ROYAL  AQUARIUM,  fully  confirms 
that  nothine  in  the  history  of  the  CHRYSANTHEMUM  ever 
approached  the  completeness  and  extent  of  our  stock,  or  our  dis- 
play (001  for  competition),  which  exiended  nearly  50  feet,  com- 
prising 850  blooms  ;  its  beauty  and.exquisitely  new  arrangement 
was  fully  acknowledged  and  eulogi-'cd  by  all  the  spectators,  the 
whole  body  of  Judges  unanimously  awarded  us  the  Silver  Medal 
in  corroboration  of  above  :  vide  report  in  Th£  Garden  and  G.ir- 
dening  World.  For  further  and  full  particulars,  prices,  &c  , 
see  our  NEW  CATALOGE-how  we  have  made  the  Chrysan- 
themum attain  a  much  higher  and  more  attractive  position  than 
it  ever  before  held.  Our  stock  and  facilities  are  such  as  enable 
us  to  supply  well-established  plants  of  the  whole  poo  varieties, 
mostly  in  flower  :  these,  for  correctness  and  immediate  propaga- 
tion, could  not  be  better. 

Mr.  Chennery,  The  Gardens,  Lillesden,  Hawkkurst, 
Ncfi'einber  13,  1885  :— "  Being  so  satisfied  with  the  Chrysanthe- 
mums I  had  from  you  last  season  I  now  enclose  you  another 

H.    CANNELL   &    SONS, 


iT+tEc+tom=^'-#l-fWW£fc 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4J.  td.  per  bushel  (16  cakes),  6rf.  per  bushel  package  ; 
3  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  is.  yi.  Trade  supplied 
very  low. 

MORLE  andCO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  i,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.G. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

41/.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

40J.  :  4-biisheI  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    "SHOWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.    id.    per    sack; 

5  aacks  25i.  ;  sacks,  4^.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  lis. ;  sacks, 

^d.  each. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  IJ.  grf.   per  bushel;  rSJ.  per  halt 

ton,  261   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4//.  each. 
YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 

MOULU.  ij   per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  id.  per  sack. 
MANURES,   GARDEN    STICKS,   VIRGIN  CORK,   TO. 

BACCO  CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.    Write  for 

Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 

Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

12-02.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  pOBt.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  Sic- 
brown  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c. ,  i;6  65.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  155. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags,  23J.  id.  ;  10  Baps, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi.  id.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  52^.  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Sutiou,  Hants. 


GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  tbe  Royal  Gardens. 

FRESH  COCOA-NUr  FIBRE  REFUSE,  4.bush€l  Bags, 
IJ.  each  :  30  for  25r. — bags  included  ;  2-ton  Truck,  tree  on  Rail, 
asr.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5>.  per 
Sack  :  5  lor  22J.  id.  ;  10  for  151.  ;  io  for  60s.  BEST  BLA(_K 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  41  id.  per  Sack  :  5  (or  2o».  ;  lo  for  301. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND,  is.id.  per  Bushel;  m,s.  per 
%  Ton  :  25s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITfi  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
lorf.  perlb. ;  281h.,  21S. ;  cwt,  701.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb,  ;  281b.  for  i8j.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  41.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31.  per  S.ck.  CHARCOAL,  is.  id.  per 
Bushel  :  Sacks.  4,1'  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&c.      LIST  Free       Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


LUAM,  best  yellow  norous  . .      1 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  [  ,     .  ,■,,., 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  . .     f  "■  P"  ^'^^■>  '^'^^  ""eluded). 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  beat  brown  fibrous    ..   41.  id.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..3s.  id.         „         5  sacks  for  iss. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   51.  id.         „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibn 

PREPARED  COMPOi 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     (' 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  rs.  3<<.  per  bush.,  I2j.  half  ton,  22J  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        . .     Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (Sp^cialil^)    8</.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSi. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUltrack  ..     jr.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6r.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ir.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  135.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  : 
30  sacks,  25J  ;  40  sacks,  301.  1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only.  2r.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E 

PEAT. — Superior  Black  or  Brown  Fibrous 
PEAT,  for  Rhododenrons,  Azaleas,  &c  ,  as  supplied  to 
Messrs.  J.  Waterer  and  other  noted  growers.  Six  tons,  leaded 
on  trucks  at  (limberley  Station,  S.W.R..  ^^4  41. 

Mr.  W.  TAKRY.  '■  Golden  Farmer,'  taioDorough  Station. 

p  OCOA-NUT^l^IBRE^REFUSET~newly 

Vy  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society. — Truck-load  of  s  tons,  20s.  ;  twenty  sacks  ol  >ame, 
14.1.;  forty,  25J.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cashwiih 
orders.— J.  STLVtNS  and  CO..  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
"  Greyhound  Yard,"  and  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDE,  Improved. 
—Soluble  in  water.  The  cheapest,  safest,  and  ino  t 
effectual  Insecticide  exiaiu.  Harmless  to  flowers  and  folige. 
Instant  death  10  Mealy  Bug,  Seal.-,  Thiips,  Ked  Spider,  Green 
and  Black  Fly,  American  Bright,  Mildew,  Anls,  &c.  As  a 
Winter  Dressing  unequalled.  See  circulars,  with  testimonials 
from  many  of  the  leading  gardeners  on  its  behalf.  Sold  by  most 
of  the  leading  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Garden  Manure 
MaDu'acturers.  in  tins— per  pint,  js.  td.  ;  quart,  bj.  gd.  ;  half 
gallon,  ss.  ;  gallon,  gs.     Uiteclions  for  use  wtth  each  tin. 

Wholesale,;.  W.  COOKE,  Market  Place  Winsford,  Cheshire  ; 
also  Messrs.  USM  AN  and  CO. .  15.  Windsor  Street.  Bishopgate, 
London.  E.G.  ;  and  CORRY,  SUPER,  FOWLER  and  CO., 
iS,  Finsbury  Street,  E.G. 

riri       I  nLL     UIL        (Soluble  In  Water) 

Effectually  clears  all  InsectS  and  Parasites  fiom  the  Roots 
or  Foliage  of  Trees  and  Plants.  Kills  all  Vegetable  Grubs, 
Turnip  Fly,  &c  Cures  Mildew  and  Blight.  Clears  Grapes 
from  Mealy  Bug,  &c.,  and  makes  a  good  Winter  Dressing.  Of 
all  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  is.  6d.,  2s.  6f/.,and  4s.  6d.  a  bottle, 
per  post  3(/.  extra.  Per  gallon,  12.;.  6(1^  .or  less  in  larger  quanuties. 

Pamphlet,  "Fir  Tree  OH,"  and  Us  application,  sent  free  to 
any  atidress,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale  from  Hoofkr  &  Co.  ;  CoRRv,  Soper,  Fowler 
&  Co.  ;  C  E.  OsMAN  &  Co.,  and  all  the  London  Setd 
Merchants  and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressmgfor  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  <iry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,    td.    and    is.,    from  the    Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICES  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited),  London. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:— 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  ai.  ;  6  ft.  6  io.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  as.  2d.  ; 
'6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  35.  ^d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MQLIQUE,  Aston  Chnton.  Trlng.  Bucks. 

Russia  Mat  and  Raffla  Merchants. 

MATS    and    RAFFIA   FIBRE    supplied  at 
lower  prices  than  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.     For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 

MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

USSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 

Before    Buying,    write    for   JAS.   T.   ANDERSON'S 
Annual  Catalogue  (just  issued),  which  will  be  forwarded  post- 
free  on  application. — 149,  Commercial  Street,  London.  £. 
Registered  Teleeiaphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON.^ 


NOVIMBER  31,    IS85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


64s 


FOR    SALE,   a    PEACH    RANGE, 
ijo  feet  by  12  feet  6  inches,  and  11  feet  high,  with  Fruit 
Tree^  and  Piping,  in  three  compartments.     Apply, 

L.  P.  EDWARDS,  Crosby  Court,  Northallerton. 

KIPPINGILLES    PATENT    PKIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE  Warming  STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  Stove  made. 

Awarded  the  highest  premium  over 
all  competitors  wheiever  exhibited. 
The  cheapest  and  most  effective 
means  known  for  warming  small 
Greenhouses,  and  keeping  out  trost 
and  damp.  They  burn  absolutely 
without  smoke  or  smell,  require  no 
pipes  01  fittings,  give  off  no  injurious 
vapour  to  either  vegetable  or  animal 
'11  bum  twelve  to  twenty  hours 


athoi 


are    so  portable 


they  can  be  moved  from  one  pla 

to  another   while   burning,  and  lor 

efficiency  and  economy  can  be  highly 


nded.     Pri 


frotr 


few 


shillings.  Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 
and  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
uDon  the  stove  before  you  purchase. 
Full  Illustrated  LIST  and  name  and 
address  of  nearest  agent  forwarded 
free  on  application  to  the  sole  manu- 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER  APPARATUS. 


Price 

Delivered  free 

This  is  tha  simplest,  cheapest, ; 
made.     It  Tgquires  no  brick  settii 

water  fitter  for  fixing.     The  Boilc 

the  front  only  being  outside  and  flash  with  the  outer  v 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  i,jelf  is  utilised. 

It  bums  over  12  hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  t 

"Loughborough"   Boilers  to  heat  up  to  650  feet  of 
PJipe.  with  hot-water  pipe,  joints,  &c..  always  in  stock. 


Cost  of  Apparatus  COMPLETE  for  Gr 
10  by  6  ft.,  ^4  14   ol  15  by  9  ft.,  ^s 
I?  by  8  ft,,     5     I    o  I  2obyioft  ,    6 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes. 

The  measurement  of  Greenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 

is  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing, 

Illmtraied  List,  ivith/uil  particulars,  post  f^ee. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-waterEngineers, 

BRIDGE. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  \%s.  ;    with  Galvanised   Body,  11s    \ 

Galvanised  all  over,  25j. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Carriage  Paid,  to  aay  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BRIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRUlNaHAW. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO, 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  worlcs  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  l-ite^t  and  tnost  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manuracture  ot 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenliouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

at  extremely  mcdcrcite  prices. 


Full  p^rt'culars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


HORTIcnLTURAL  STRUCTURES  ot  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  in  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


a    b 


JAMES    BOYD    &    SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HEATING  ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 

i  LONDON  OPncE  :   48,  Pall  Mall,  S.W. 


S  > 


HOT-WATEB,    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBUC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS    and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  GreeohonseB,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Honses.  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  thh  vrbv  best. 

ConservatOrleB  and  Winter  Gardens  d^^icTied  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  otit  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smailest  to  the  large-t.     Hot-water  Heating:  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalnsues  fyee.     Customers  waited  em  in  any  part  of  tkt  Kingdom, 
Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 
Ptire  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
\d.,    without   attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's— 

THOMAS    BOBEBTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES— FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS— TRELLISED  ARCADES 
—ROSERIES— SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT -PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &C. 


R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS. 
The  Pheasantry  Beaufort  Street   Chelsea  SW 


MODERATE    CBARQES. 


FIKBT-OLASS    WORE. 


THE    BEST    UATF.  RIALS. 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    AND    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to   their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      1  hey  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apait  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       I  s.  d. 
a-light  frame,    8  feet  hy  6  feet  >    p,^i,:_,     (       3  to    o 
3.1ight  frame,  t,  feet  by  6  feet  ^J^'„ 'Jf„  j       5     S     o 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet )  "^'^  ""  I     10     o     o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied   in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  andCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 

DAVID      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBkOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  eveiy  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames    and    Sashes    in    Stock. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHUL    ROW     LONDON     EC. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES   and   CO.    will   g 
every   desciiption   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

iji,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside.  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


TCLASSHOUSES&JiEMWG^ 


B-W-W^Oe-R^UKSJ 


.31a,  BEADTORT  STRt.liT,  (JHELsE/i,  S.W.A    -^ 


646 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  1885. 


FRUIT.  FRUIT.  FRUIT. 

SEE   NEW   CATALOGUE. 

APPLES.  PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 
—All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  gr.  and  laj.  per 
dozen:  Standards,  lai.  per  dozen;  Dwarf-trained, 
15*.  and  i8j.  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS.— Black,  Red.  White,  \2s.  psr  lOO,  sf.  aiid 
3i.  6*^  per  dozen. 

RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,  i2r.  per  loo ;  Northumber- 
land Fillbasket,  6j.  per  loo. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  15^.  and  zoJ.  per  ico,  2i.  dd.  and  31. 
per  dozen. 

STRAWBERRIES.— All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
runners,  2J.  6*/.  per  100 ;  in  a  J^-inch  pots,  loj.  per  100  ; 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  forcing  35*  per  100  ;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  1  he  Captain,  2j   per  dozen. 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

See  our  New  Catahgut. 
The  finest  H.P-  varieties,  6s   per  dozen,  40X.  per  loo. 
Tea-scented  and  Noisettes.  15J.  per  dozen  ;  100s.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses,  Ss.  per  dozen. 

ClimbinR  varieties,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c.,  6j.  p  doz. 

"  growinE,  and  will  grow  and 

in  a   good  climate 


The    above  a ^— 

flower  much  better  than    Rose; 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  qaality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 


OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS. Sinele  PRlMROStS,  in  variety  of 
colours;  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTEKBURV 
BELLS.  9^.  per  dozen,  ^s,  and  51.  per  100.  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMP.\CTA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOnS,  IJ.  6/.  per  dozen,  Ss.  per  loo  ; 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring-flowering  Plants  for  17J.  dd., 

HEPATICAS.   Blue  and  Red;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur,  35.  6d,  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.— Lovely  hardy  fl.jwers  for  cutting 

or  garden  bloom,  named,  55.  per  dozen. 
SPLENDID    PHLOXES,   PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  vaiieiies,  3s.  6d.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS. -The  most  showy 

sorts,  3^.  per  dozen,  arx.  per  100. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts. 

6j.  per  dozen  plants  ;    fine   Clove  and  Border   Self 

varielieSj  4J.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 
LILIES. — Candidum,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  35.  per  doz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  Oldlield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

CINERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 
CALCEOLARIAS,   is.  U.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 

our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARNATIONS.    DEUTZIA 

GRACILIS. — In  pots  for  early  blooming,  6s.,  gr., 

and  izs.  per  dozen. 
SPIRzEA  lAPONICA,  DIELYTRA  SPECTABILIS.- 

Fine  clumps,  5*.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,   mollis,  pontica,  or    indica.   all  with 

buds,  for  forcmg.  i8i.,  241.,  and  30X.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS.  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  r.lil. 


WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLD  FIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


SPECl.-iL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT   TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Tki  lUustratcd  and  Descriptive  CA  T.-iLOGUE  o/FR  UITS 

poit-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


c^fa 


MONMOUTHSHIRE     ROSES 

Are  noted  for  being  strong,  well-rooted  and  vigorous. 
Dw.irf  H  P.  %s    per  d^zen.  57J.  td   per  too. 
Standards  H.P.  15J.  per  doien,  looj.  per  100. 

SEAKALE,  extra  strong,  for  forcing,  14J.  per  100. 

CONIFERiE.  FOREST,  and  FRUIT  TREES  of'all  kinds. 
PILLINGER  &  CO  . 

Sef.o  Merchants  and  Nurshrvmen,  Chep.tow. 
Established  1779. 


B  U  L  B       QUID  E  S. 

These  inost  interesting  and  inslructiva  Catalogues 
are  Now  Ready,  and  may  be  had  gratuitously  upon 
application. 

Fart  1  consists  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, and  a  most  complete  LIST  of  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BULBS. 

Part  2  consists  exclusively  of  LILIES  and  NAR- 
CISSUS, and  includes  every  variety  worthy  of  culti- 
vation, all  of  which  are  fully  described. 


THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


OEMEITAL  TREES 
AND   SHRUBS, 

FOE  EST    TREES, 

ROSES,   FRUIT  TREES,  &-r. 

Strong  and  Well-grown. 

Priced  List  of  Reduced  Prices  Free  on  application. 

WALTER    C.    SLOCOCK, 

GOLDWORTH   "OLD"  NURSERY, 

WOKING,         SURREY. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALn 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultiv.«ion,"  I!. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Speciil    Descfiptive    "List  of  New.   Rare,    and  Choice 

Kekns,"  f.ee. 
Desciiplive  "  List  of  Habdv North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 


HUGH    LOW  &   CO. 

offer  of  fine  qualitv 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  91  ,  tsi  ,  181.,  =ij..  per  dozen  ; 
AZALE\  INDICA  AL[;A,  i8r.  per  dozen;  AZALEA  IN- 
DICA, in  variety  i8r  .  a^s.,  301..  605.,  per  dozen;  AZALEA 
Fielder's  White,  i8s.,  24J.,  per  dozen  :  ACACIA  ARM  ATA. 
Its  ,  181  ,  per  dozen  ;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  iSi.,  241., 
per  dozen  ;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELS.^,  421.  per  dozen  ; 
CAMELLIAS,  in  bud.  241.,  301.,  6as.,  per  dozen;  CAR- 
NATION.  Tree,  i8s  . 241., pecdozen  ;  CHOIbYATERNATA, 
spring  flowering  Wliite  Hawthorn,  scented,  gs.,  12s.,  per  dozen  ; 
CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  121.,  lis.,  per  dozen;  CORYPHA 
AUSTKALlS.  ,2J..  .8r..  per  dozen:  CROTONS,  i8s..  24s.. 
per  doz-n  ;  DRAC/ENA  CONGESTA,  iSs.  per  dozen  ; 
DRAC.CNA  RUBRA,  i8s.  per  dozen:  DRACHMA  INDI- 
VISA.  24J.  per  dozen  :  DRACAENA,  in  variety,  i3l .  301.,  per 
do2.-n  ;  ERICA  GRACILIS,  121.,  i8r..  per  dozen  ;  ERICA 
CAFFRA,  iji  perJoen;  ERICA  HYKMALIS.  12!.,  i8j., 
24s  ,  per  dozen  ;  ERICA  MELANTHERA,  121.,  iSs..  w.,  per 
dozen  ;  ERICAS,  in  variety,  121.,  i8r.,  per  dozen  ;  ERICAS, 
hard-wooded  rz.f.,  i8i  ,  4zr-.  6or.,  per  dozen  ;  EPACRIS,  91., 
I2S.  i8s..  per  dozen  :  FlCUS  ELASTICUS,  30J.  per  dozen  ; 
FERNS,  in  variety,  in  485,  gs.,  12J  .  tSr  ,  per  dozen  ;  GE- 
NISTAS, 125.,  i8j.,  per  dozen;  GARDENIA  RADICANS 
i-i..  iSs  .per  dozen;  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  grand 
181  301,  4ZS.,  6m.,  p-r  dozen;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS 
121.  Mr  dozen:  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  fifty  va  e  e 
I2»  iaj.  per  dozen  ;GREVILLEAROBUSTA,9«,  2  8 
Der'dozen;  JASMINUM  GRANDIFLORUM.  well  budded 
deliciously  fragrant,  i8»,,  21s.,  per  dozen  ;  JASMINUM  GRA 
CILLIMUM.  extra  fine,  i8j.,  301,  6or.,  per  dozen  LA 
TANIA  BORBOSICA.  fioeslout  plants,  24s.,  30s.,  pe  d  2  n 
KENTIAS.  in  variety,  331.,  4zl-  pe'  dozen  ;  LAURUS 
TlNU-i,  French,  white,  in  bud.  iSs.,  305,  605.,  pe  d  n 
PALMS,  in  varitty.  in  small  pots,  60s.  per  100:  PH  XN  \ 
RECLINaTA,  3.:s  p.:r  dczen  :  RHODODENDk  NS 
Prinress  Ro.al.  &c.,  iSs.,  30t.,  60s,  75J..  841..  per  d  zeo 
PTYCHO^PERMA  ALtXANDwyE.  iSj.  per  doze  SEA 
FORTHIA  ELEGAN3.  i8j.  30s  ,  per  dozen;  SOLANUMb 
in  berry,  9:.,  iz!.,  i8j.,  per  doz^n. 

All   the  ab.-.ve  can  be  supplied  by  the   hundred    and   the 
m-'jority  bv  the  thonsand.      Inspection  invited. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTy.  —  The   stock   at  th    Clapton 
Nursery  is  ol  such  magnitude  that,  without  seeing  it  s  n 

easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unpreceden  ed  ex  ent 

Three  spanioofed  houses  of  PHAL.CNOPSI3  in  var  ety 

The  GliJS  Stiucturos  cover  an  area  of  216,000  super,  feet. 
Ciapfba  Nui*«ry,  London,  E. 


OREST,  if  RUIT 


ii    ALL    OTHER 


^REES  St  jfiLANTS. 


■,o^^l-^^-^^^^'^^t'^^\- 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


m44^U€^ 


An  iminense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAIVIENTALTREESand  SHRUBS 

BOSES,    BHODODENDBONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

I  nHEAP.QONS 

UbM    Crawley,        W  Sussex. 

STRAWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  45.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pot-:.  i6j.  per  100  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  255.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  (ree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserynien  and  Seed 
Merchauts,  Worcester. 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(li,  extra  per  bushfl  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \S. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Slerchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


JERSEY    PEARS- FINEST    AND    BEST 

AT    THE    CHISWICK    CONFERENCE. 
"  Wonderfully  fine  collection."— <7ara'^«.  \iele. 

"  Exceed  any  shown  by  English  growers.**— Ci»''i'.-«('>'j'  Chr&n- 
"  Large  in  sue,  superb  in  finish." — Gardeners'  Magazine. 
"  The  lioas  of  the  shov/."  —  Gardtn. 

"  The  finest  coloured  and  Ingest."— Gardeners'  ChronkU, 
"  Wonderfully  grand  display." — Daily  Chronicle. 
'*  Everybody  enquires  for  the  Jersey  Pears.'*— ^ari/*"«. 
"Jersey  carries  the  Palra  "—Gardenings  World 
Not  a  bad  d   h  among  them    —Garden 


ILUJSTRATEDCAlALOCLES    ^      (i, 

JOSHUAiECORNU^^SON 


pe  doren 
f  p  !  and      4       k;    do 

nncpQ Ma^,     fi  en     Bu-hci    g     pe    d  2en 

nUOuO       btandajrds,  euong,  15^-  per  do^ea. 
Cash  Orders  mctet  liberally  treated. 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


6zj7 


SUTTON'S 


1203.  value 
Carriage  Free 


BULBS, 


SUTTON'S    HYACINTHS, 

IN  VARIOUS  SHADES  OK  COLOUR. 
Perdoien  ..         ..23.  9d.,      33.  Od.  and    33.  6(1. 
Perioo       ..         ..  20:.  Od.,    223.  63    and  278    6d 

SUTTON'S    CROCUSES 

rOR   OPEN    GROUND. 

loco  in  five  vars,,  17S.  6d,  I  250  in  five   varieties,  6b. 
510         „         .,        93.  Od.  I  100         .,  „  2S. 

Large,  mixed,  all  colours,  per  100,  1/6,  per  1000.  i?/6. 


SUTTON'S    Polyanthus 
Narcissus. 

100  fine  mixed 15a. 


SUTTON'S  SNOWDROPS 

Single  and  Double,  Separate  or  Klxed. 

Per  ICO     ..  ..   2S.  6d    I  Per  ,3:0  ..   233.  Od 

EXTRA    SIZE. 
Per  roo     ..         ..  33.  6d.  |  Peri.oo  .     323.  6d. 


For  full  particulars  see 
SUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

Crjiii  and  post-free  on  nptHcalion. 


Seedsmen  b7  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the 

Queen  and  H.E  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


TTXTRAORDINARY  BARGAIN.- 
^xSo' '*''°''''''^° ''*'''''>' HERBACEOUSand  BORDER 
PLANTS  for  15J.  6.y.,  packafie  free  and  carriige  paid,  includ- 
ing finest  Pentstemons,  Pnioxes,  Campanulis,  Pyrethrums 
Veronicas,  Saxifragas  Delphiniums,  Achillea,  Matricaria, 
perennial  Sunfloweis,  Carnations,  Chelnnes,  &c.  ;  half,  81.  (,d.. 
carnage  paid.  Cheapest  lot  ever  offered, 
HARKNESS  AND  SONS,  Nurserymen,  Bedale,  Yorkshire. 


Special  Offer  of 

fywo  HUNDRED  THOUSAND  DWARF 

-*-  ROSES,  on  Manetii,  the  best  plants  money  can  buy  551 
per  too.  so  for  13J.,  12  for  41.     ASPARAGUS,   j-yr     j.    wr 

i^.^r-t^'c^  •■"  '°°'  ^'l'-  ••'■  P"  "~-  MANETTI 
biOLKS,  fine,  41.  per  100,  251.  per  1000.  Cish  with  orders. 
Packmg  free. 

R.    LOCKE.  Roseliank,  Fairseat,  Wrolham.  Kent. 

QREAT  tN^ALE  of  JNTURSERV  QTOCK, 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  bo  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON  HILL  NURSERY, 

During  the  month  of 

NO   V  E  M  B  E  R, 

AU  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES  AND  FRUIT  TREES 

At  Greatly  Reoucsd  Prices. 

The  Trade  and   Private  Buyers  will  find  this  an  excellent 

oppjauni:y  for  Stocking. 

T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,    KtNGSTOM-ON-THA  MES. 

ROSES,  from  the  North.— All  package  free 
and  carriage  pai.l. 

Magnificent  Plants  of  the  finest  varieties.  All  home-grown, 
will  transplant  better,  yield  finer  blooms,  and  give  a  greater 
quantity  of  bloom  than  Roses  supplied  from  a  warmer  climate. 

Twelve  splendid  Plants.  71.  ;  twenty-fire,  131.  6^.  ;  fifty,  a6j. ; 
one  hurdred,  535  ;  carriage  paid.     Purchaser's  selection 

CATALOGUES  free.     Qjld  and  Silver  Medals,  Silver  Cup. 
and  other  valuable    Plate,  with  many  First  Prizes,  awarded  10 
^'i  ."r,'t'i?J!-^-^'"''"''°"  S>"'ai>teed  Dt  money  rtturned. 
„  HARKNESS  AND  SONS,  Rose  Growers  and  Nui^Vrymen, 
Bedalt,  Yorkthu-e, 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY    STOCK:- 

AlilES  CANADENSIS.  4  to  S  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     DOUGLASIl,  3  to  6  feet,  thousands. 

„    DOUGLASIl  GLAUCA,  3  to  5  feet, hundreds. 

„     HOOKERIANA  or  PATTONIANA,  3  to  5  feet. 

„     ORIENTALIS,  4.  5.  6  to  .0  feet,  hundreds, 

..    PARRVANA  GLAUC.-\,   I'/i  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     AU 
from  seed. 
CCDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet. 

, ,     DEODARA,  6  to  9  feet,  hundreds. 

, .     LI  UAN I  (Cedar  of  Lebanon).  4  to  s  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA  ERECTA  VIRIDIS,   i,  4, 
5  to  8  feet,  thousands. 

..     LUTEA,  3,  4  and  s  feet,  hundreds. 
lUNIPER,  Chinese,  5,  8  to  ra  feet 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  5  feet,  hundreds 

,,     GRANDIS,  5  tc  7  feet. 

,,     LASIOCARPA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

.     MAGNlFICA,  3  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

,.     NOBILIS,  i!4  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„    XORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7  to  to  feet,  hundred,. 

,,     PINSAPO,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
I'lNUS  AUSTRIACA,  3  to  1%  and  4  feet,  well  furnished  i;nd 
transplanted  (Dctober,  1884,  thousands. 
CEMBRA,  3,  6  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 


,,     PLUMOSA  AUREA,  3  to  5  feet, 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

.,     DOLABRATA,  3,  4,  and  6  feet,  hundreds. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
„    OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet. 
.      SEMPER  AUREA,  1%  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
YEWS,  Common,  3,  4,  and  5  feet,  thousands. 
,,     Common,  6  to  ro  feet,  hundreds. 
,,     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  many  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  siie  unequalled. 
,.     Golden,  Seedlings,  3,  4,  5.  to  8  feet. 
,,     Jrish,  5  tT  10  feet,  hundreds, 

Irish,  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  5  feet. 
.\ZALE.\S,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 

RHODODENDRONS,  3,  4,  5,  6.  8  to  10  feet,  thousands  of 

finer  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 

S3-  The   fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons  annually 

planted  in  Rotten  Row,  Hyde  Park,  are  supplied  by  Astho.ny 

KALMIA  L.\TIFOLIA,  healthy  and  well  furnished  plants. 
t8  to  24  inches,  showing  from  twelve  to  thirty  trusses 
of  bloom, 
AUCUBA  JAPONICA,  2'/  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
IIAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  f  to  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted soring,  18^5,  hiindrecfs. 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3,  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thousands, 
HOLLIES,  Common  Green,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet,  thousands. 
„    ALTACLARENSE,  \ 

,,     HODGINS',  .         /■    . 

;,     LAURIFOLIA,  [     3.  4- 5  up  lo.o  feet,  many 

.,     MVRTIFOLI.^,  tliousanas. 

..     SCOTTICA,  ) 

.,     Yellow-berried  and  other  sorts. 
,.     Variegated,  of  sorts,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet,  thousands, 
,,     Golden  Queen,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds  of  beau 

tiful  specimens. 
,,    Silver  Queen,  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens. 
.,     Weeping,  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  tan  to 

filtecn  years'  growth,  hundreds. 
,,    Weeping,    New  Golden,   a  large  quantity  of   beautiful 


The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems, 
and  splendid  roots,  and  have  all  been  transplanted 

AC.\CIA  BESSONIANA,  6  to  10  feeL 
ACER  DASVCARPUM,  n  to  is  feet. 

„     NEGUNDO  VARIEG-rVTA,  Standards,  3  to 

„     REITENBACHII,  8to  lofeet. 

,,     SCHWEDLERI,  12  to  14,  and  14  to  16  feet. 

„    WORLEYII,  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

,,     Purple,  Pyramids,  9  to  12,  and  12  to  T4  feet. 
BIRCH,  Sib 


I  feel. 


CHESTNUT,  Ho 


Ho 


,  Scarle: 


16  feet. 
4  feet. 


Double 
ELMS.  English,'  10  to  12  feel. 

..     Guernsey,  10  to  12  foet. 
LIMES,  10  to  12  feet,  12  to  14  feel,  and  14  to  16  <eel. 

,,     Silver-leaved,  11  to  14  f«et. 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  to  8  fo«. 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  12  feet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  14  to  16  feet. 
OAKS,  American,  12  to  14  feet. 

,,     English,  10  to  t?  feet, 
PLANES,  14  feet  and  upwards. 
POPLAR  CANADENSIS  NOVA,  12  to  is  eel. 

„     BOLLEANA,  8  to  10  feet 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  15  feet. 
Purple,  15  to  16  feet. 


Variegated,  Standards, 


!  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 


BEECH.  Weeping,  PjTamids  and  Standards,  to  to  12  feet. 

.,     Weeping,  Purple  (true),  Standards,  8  to  10  feeL 
BIRCH,  Youngs  Weeping,  Pyramids,  10  to  12  feet. 

,,     Y'oung's  Weeping,  St.indards,  r4  feet. 
ELMS,  Weeping,  Standards,  10  feet  stems, 
HAZEL,  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 
LARCH,  Weeeping,  6  to  10  feet. 
POPLAR,  Weeping.  Standards. 
SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8  to  9  feet. 


Intending  planters  are  invited  to  inspect  the  Plants  growing  ; 
no  one  interested  in  such  matters  will  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  of  such  a  Stock. 


KNAP    HILL    NURSERY, 

WOKING,    SURREY, 


(ianknertf  dltiri)nicfe» 


SATURDAY,   N0\  EMBER    21,    1SS5. 


SUNNINGDALE. 

THE  undulating  moorlands,  paitly  in  Surrey, 
partly  in  Beikshire,  are  at  all  times  inter- 
esting, at  most  times  beautiful.  Their  interest 
lies  in  their  geological  conformation,  in  the 
speculations  and  researches  into  the  reason 
why  of  these  great  deposits  of  sand  and 
ironstone,  in  the  inquiry  what  has  fashioned 
this  hill,  levelled  this  plain,  scooped  out 
this  valley  ? — why  are  sand  and  heather 
in  one  place,  rich  loam  and  gravel  here, 
moorland  ^  and  peat  there  ?  We  may 
make  a  guess  why  the  handsome  Gentiana 
pneumonanthe  is  here — we  are  not  surprised 
to  hear  of  Droseras,  and  Narthecium,  and 
Cotton-grass.  But  it  is  not  the  season  to  look 
for  these,  and  our  errand  is  not  with  them. 
Willows  with  clear  yellow  leaves.  Birches  with 
foliage  of  gold,  bronzed  Oaks  mingle  gloriously 
with  blue  Pines,  whose  dark  heads  act  as  a 
foil  to  the  lovely  orange-pink  hue  of  their 
bark.  These  are  what  we  see  on  a 
November  morning,  and,  dull  as  the  day 
is,  the  earth  seems  full  of  colour.  But  it 
is  no  fit  day  for  botanising  on  the  open  moor. 
The  day,  however,  must  be  bad  indeed,  if  one 
cannot  botanise  in  a  well-stocked  nursery.  Not 
the  trees  and  shrubs  of  our  own  country, 
beautiful  as  they  are,  not  the  lowly  wilding, 
which  are  never  displaced  in  our  affection  by 
the  glories  of  the  florist,  or  by  any  new  importa- 
tions from  far-olf  lands,  can  vie  with  the 
manifold  interest  of  a  collection  from  all  avail- 
able parts  of  the  world,  manifesting  every 
variety  of  form,  and  colour,  and  adaptation. 
The  two  categories  are  different — one  appeals  to 
the  sentiments,  the  other  to  the  intellect.  Japan 
and  China,  California,  the  Atlantic  States,  the 
Himalayas,  the  Chilian  Andes— the  temperate 
zone  throughout  the  world — ofi'er  in  a  nursery, 
for  comparison,  their  richest  treasures  in  the 
way  of  trees  and  shrubs.  Apart  from  the  fasci- 
nations offered  by  their  physical  beauty,  and 
the  attractions  furnished  by  their  adaptation  to 
the  material  and  cesthetic  requirements  of  the 
time,  such  plants  furnish  a  quarry  for  intel- 
lectual enjoyment  that  is  perfectly  inexhaustible. 
In  such  a  frame  of  mind  you  might  enter  any 
nursery,  even  the  humblest,  and  find  matter  for 
research  or  speculation.  If  this  be  so  with  the 
humblest  establishment,  what  must  it  be  in  the 
case  of  such  a  nursery  as  that  we  are  about  to 
visit  ? 

The  Sunningdale  Nursery  was  an  offshoot — a 
divergT.ce  from  the  famous  establishment  of 
Standish  S:  Noble.  What  was  done  by  that 
firm  in  the  way  of  new  introductions,  hybridisa- 
tion, and  selection,  it  is  not  necessary  for  us  now 
to  do  more  than  mention.  Mention  at  least  is 
necessary,  for  the  old  finn  of  Standish  &  Noble 
was  the  precursor  whence  the  Sunningdale 
Nursery  was  evolved,  and  hence,  in  spite  of  the 
diver<Tence  in  detail,  tliu  principle  of  continuity 
prevails,  and  the  same  knowledge,  interest  and 
care,  which  made  the  one  establishment  famous, 
have  had  a  like  effect  here.  A  nurseryman  has 
to  grow  what  his  clients  lequire  ;  it  does  not  pay 
him  to  indulge  personal  tastes  at  the  expense  of 
business  exigences.     For  all   that  some  there 


648 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NOVEMBKR  21,    1885. 


are  who  are  so  happily  constituted  that, 
while  they  are  far  from  being  slothful  in 
business  they  yet  manage  to  conduct  their 
operations  in  the  spirit  of  an  intellectual  pursuit 
as  well  as  of  a  commercial  enterprise.  Sunning- 
dale  Nursery  is  such  a  place.  Any  man  might 
get  together  rows  of  Laurels,  quarters  of  Goose- 
berry bushes,  "breaks"  of  common  Rhododen- 
drons, but  the  development,  selection,  and 
growth  of  choicer,  more  beautiful,  more  inte- 
resting sorts  demand  not  only  business  tact, 
but  a  feeling  and  love  for  plants  such  as  the 
mere  man  of  business  never  attains  to.  You  have 
but  to  walk  a  few  paces  in  the  Sunningdale 
Nursery  to  feel  this.  All  that  you  see  is  so 
much  "stock,"  good,  plentiful,  and  well  selected, 
but  it  gives  evidence  of  something  more  than 
mere  commercial  value,  it  gives  unmistakable 
evidence  of  critical  knowledge  and  cultivated 
taste.  Your  severe  business  man  might  attach 
little  value  to  the  latter,  but  that  would  not  be 
the  feeling  of  the  purchaser.  The  nurseryman 
may  act  as  a  public  instructor,  he  may  educate 
the  public  taste  to  his  own  level  and  thus  create 
a  demand  for  his  stock  in  quarters  where  the 
ordinary  commercial  inducements  would  fail  in 
producing  any  effect.  The  grand  avenue  of 
Abies  Nordmanniana,  the  noble  isolated  speci- 
mens of  Abies  grandis,  A.  lasiocarpa  (hort.), 
A.  nobilis,  A.  magnifica,  A.  Albertiana,  the 
Douglas  Fir,  the  Libocedrus,  Taxodium  sem- 
pervirens,  must  strike  the  most  heedless.  Grand 
specimens  as  these  are  they  are  not  readily 
movable.  In  the  eyes  of  some  people  they 
would  be  deemed  to  lumber  the  ground,  but  if 
looked  at  only  as  advertisements  and  show  cards 
their  use  in  facilitating  the  dispersal  of  the 
smaller  specimens  duly  prepared  for  removal  by 
frequent  lifting  must  be  great.  The  lease  of 
part  of  the  ground  having  expired,  the  stock 
has  been  cleared,  leaving  these  noble  speci- 
mens available  for  those  fortunate  enough  to 
create  villa  residences  in  this  neighbour- 
hood. Much  has  been  cleared,  as  just 
mentioned,  but  much  more  remains  to  be 
removed,  if  some  one  be  not  found  with  sufficient 
enterprise  10  carry  on  an  established  business, 
for  it  is  unfortunately  an  open  secret  that  from 
ill-heaU!\  Mr.  Noble  has  deemed  it  prudent  to 
diminish  his  anxieties  and  lighten  his  labours 
by  disp3iirg  as  best  he  can  of  his  nursery  and 
its  contents.  The  attractions  of  the  locality, 
its  easy  distance  from  town,  the  soil,  scenery, 
and  last,  not  least,  the  glorious  specimen  trees 
that  might  be  available  in  future  pleasure 
grounds  carved  out  of  the  estate,  should  render 
the  disposal  of  the  whole  or  part  of  the  nursery 
no  difficult  matter. 

Among  the  smaller  specimens  of  Conifers 
are  the  wiry-looking  Athrotaxis  cupressoides, 
bearing  numerous  cones,  as  figured  in  our 
columns  a  short  time  since  ;  purple  and  golden 
Retinosporas,  bronzy  Chamaecyparis,  elegant 
Prumnopitys,  massive  Thuiopsis  dolabrata,  sil- 
very Junipers  (virginiana  glauca),  towering  Doug- 
las Firs,  among  them  the  very  beautiful  glaucous 
variety  ;  and  scores  more  which  it  would  be 
wearisome  to  name.  It  is  not  the  season  for 
Rhododendrons,  but  one  cannot  help  admiring 
the  regiments  of  well-formed  standards  of  the 
best  varieties,  nor  avoid  speculating  on  the 
changes  and  chances  the  tiny  seedlings  we  see 
by  the  tens  of  thousands  in  a  sheltering  wood 
not  far  off,  undergo  in  their  varied  career  from 
the  seed-bed  to  the  nursery  rows.  Hollies,  in 
bush  and  as  standards,  are  almost  equally 
numerous  and  varied,  and  if  we  mention  one  in 
particular  it  is  because  while,  in  most  places,  it 
is  apt  to  be  shabby  or  inconspicuous,  here  it 
forms  really  handsome  bushes — we  allude  to 
the  small-leaved  Ilex  crenata.  It  is  worth  while 
mentioning  this  shrub  as  one  well  adapted  for 
planting  in  smoky  localities  ;  even  the  smokiest, 
a$  we  have  proved  by  personal  experience. 
Aucubas  and  Yuccas,  invaluable  also  in  towns, 
and  scarcely  less   useful   in   the   country,   are 


found  here  in  vast  numbers  and  endless  variety. 
Roses,  of  course,  no  nursery  can  be  without, 
and  here  they  were  still  showing  flower,  as  if 
loth  to  leave  the  stage,  or  as  if  challenging  the 
rampant  and  glowing  Trop^olum  speciosum, 
which  is  quite  at  home  here,  and  the  remaining 
Dahlias,  Tritomas,  and  Gladioli  in  a  test  of 
endurance  against  the  common  enemy,  frost  ; 
the  whole  making,  with  the  Pampas-grass,  a 
respectable  floral  display  at  a  time  when  most 
of  the  deciduous  trees  were  already  bare  or 
decked    in    the    flaunting    colours    which,   in 


persons  not  studying  the  collections  in  our 
national  arboretum  at  Kew,  or  even  in  the 
great  tree  nurseries,  with  sufficient  care  at  the 
right  season.  Now  that  the  leaves  have  well- 
nigh  fallen,  and  only  the  more  tenacious  remain 
(though  among  these  are  the  most  gorgeous) 
we  can  only  mention  a  few,  and  prominent 
among  them  the  old  Rhus  cotinus.  There  are 
few  more  striking  shrubs  than  this  when  in 
flower,  when  its  great  fuzzy  panicles  of  palest 
lilac  excite  astonishment  and  admiration  alike  ; 
and  there  are  tew  which  are  more  resplendent 


Fig.  144.— section  of  a.  kocerus.    (see  p.  649.) 


this    case,    are    the    heralds    of   approaching 
dissoijtion. 

Naturally  at  this  time  of  the  year  our  atten- 
tion was  more  turned  to  the  evergreen  shrubs, 
but  Mr.  Noble  has  much  too  wide  knowledge 
and  too  good  taste  to  participate  any  further 
than  he  can  help  in  the  prevailing  neglect  of 
deciduous  trees  and  shrubs.  On  the  contrary, 
there  is  a  fine  selection  here  of  all  the  best 
sorts,  whether  tor  silvicultural  or  ornamental 
purposes.  The  neglect  of  our  planters,  even 
of  professional  landscape  gardeners  and 
foresters,  of  the  resources  at  their  disposal  is 
one  of  the  regrettable  features  of  the  time.  In 
great  measure  we  believe  it  arises  from  tuch 


in  purple  and  gold  and  scarlet  than  this  is  in 
the  autumn.  Ptelea  trifoliata  and  Spiraea  opu- 
lifolia  aurea  are  all  ablaze  with  golden  foliage, 
S.  prunifolia  is  almost  equally  gay  in  red 
attire  ;  Liquidambars  in  glowing  crimson, 
Prunus  Pissardi  purple  all  the  summer,  and 
retaining  its  bravery  to  the  last  ;  Comptonia 
asplenifolia,  so  like  a  Fern,  but  now  with  a 
peculiar  pale  coppery  hue  unlike  anything  else. 
And  here  we  get  a  wrinkle  from  our  intelli- 
gent guide  —  if  you  want  the  plant  to  grow 
well  and  colour  well,  cut  it  back  every  year. 
This,  too,  is  the  secret  in  the  case  of  the  Golden 
Eld^r,  which,  if  not  cut  back  in  this  way,  is  apt 
to  revert  to  the  green  condition.     Spiraea  Lind- 


NOVRMI.I  U    21,     1SS5   ) 


IHE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


649 


leyana  is  another  shrub  of  surpassing  elegance, 
which  does  best  under  similar  treatment. 
Rhodotypus  kerrioides  is  still  in  flower,  but 
except  as  a  curiosity  we  should  not  recommend 
it  for  general  use.  Exochorda  grandiflora,  on 
the  other  hand,  is  a  shrub  every  one  should 
have  if  they  can  get  it  ;  but  it  is,  we  learn, 
difficult  to  propagate.  Clerodendrum  trichoto- 
mum  is  showy  in  flower,  and  bold  as  to  foliage  ; 
it  flowers  late,  but — smell  it  not  !  The  new 
American  Catalpa speciosa  seems  likely  not  to  be 
of  much  use  here,  and  seems  even  more  tender 


A    COMMON    EDIBLE    FUNGUS. 

Agaricus  (Lepiota)  procerus,  iVo/D/j'.— Agati- 
cus  procerus  is  one  of  the  commonest,  and  one  of 
the  most  delicious,  if  not  the  most  delicious,  of  all 
edible  fungi.  It  also  possesses  the  great  advantage  of 
being  very  easily  recognised.  With  the  assistance  of 
the  following  notes  it  should  be  impossible  for  any 
moderately  observant  person  to  mistake  any  other 
fungus  for  the  grand  procerus. 

As  far  as  I  know,  no  one  has  ever  said  a  word  of  dis- 
paragement about  the  fungus  before  us.      Every  one 


Fig.  145.— agaricus  procerus,  the  tall  or  parasol  agaric 


than  the  common  sort  ;  Viburnum  plicatum, 
the  Japanese  Gueldres  Rose,  is  fine  in  its  bold 
plicated  foliage,  and  in  the  summer  noteworthy 
for  its  compact  heads  of  snow-white  flowers. 
But  it  is  time  to  draw  our  notes  to  a  close,  not 
for  lack  of  matter  forsooth,  for  there  are  the 
forest  trees  and  fruit  trees  unvisited,  but  simply 
that  we  may  not  weary  the  reader,  and  thus 
fail  in  our  object  of  inducing  him  to  go  and 
see  for  himself. 


Royal  Horticultural  Society,  —  Captain 
E,  S,  Bax  (late  S4th  Regiment)  has  been  ap- 
pointed Assistant- Secretary  toihe  Rnyal  Horticultural 
Sociely,  in  place  of  Mr.  Henrj  K.  Newport, 


who  his  written  about  it,  or  tasted  it,  has  had  good 
words  for  it.  It  is  esteemed  by  many  as  better  than  the 
pasture  Mushroom  itself,  tor  Agaricus  procerus,  whilst 
possessing  all  the  good  qualities  of  the  latter,  is  much 
more  delicate  in  flavour.  Mrs.  Hussey  says  it  is  the 
"  Ring  of  Mushrooms,"  but  to  some  people,  iucluding 
the  writer,  this  would  be  but  a  dubious  compliment. 
The  Rev,  M,  J,  Berkeley,  who  has  always  been 
reticent  in  recommending  fungi  as  food,  has  been 
"conquered  "  by  procerus,  for  he  says  it  is  '*  a  most 
excellent  Mushroom,  of  a  delicate  flavour,"  and  "it 
must  be  considered  a  most  useful  species."  Dr, 
Badham  writes,  "Were  its  excellent  qualities  better 
known  here,  they  could  not  fail  to  secure  it  a  general 
recepiion  inio  our  best  kit:hens,  and  a  frequent  place 


arajng  our  side  dishes  at  table,"  Dr,  11,  Wharton, 
M.A,,  who  is  certainly  no  enthusiast  for  fungi  as  food, 
is  obliged  to  write,  "  procerus  is  indeed  delicious,  soft, 
savory.  Its  close  ally  rachodes,  I  have  found  quite 
as  dainty."  We  often  find  our  pDor  relations  "quite 
as  dainty  "  as  ourselves,  sometimes  more  so.  Fries 
writes,  "  Edulis  sed  lentus."     Roques  writes  :  — 

"  II  est  peu  de  Champignons,  aussi  Wgt-res,  aussi  d^-li- 
cates,  aussi  faciles  k  digt^rer,  II  a  peu  de  chair,  mais  it 
est  trL'S  savoureux.  d'une  odeur  douce  et  fine.  Son 
usage  est  tii'S  rdpandu.  Plus  d'un  manage  champfitre 
en  fait  presque  sanourriture  pendant  plusieurs  seraaines," 

And  Paulet  says  : — 

"Elleest  d'une  saveur  trus  agriable  et  d'une  chair 
tendre,  tri-s  delicate  et  tris  bonne  ;\  manger.  Les  ama- 
teurs la  pri-lerent  mCme  au  Champignon  de  couche 
cocnme  ayam  une  chair  plus  fine  et  etant  beaucoup  plus 

legtl're  sur  restomac." 

After  these  notes  of  introduction  and  admiration 
Agaricus  procerus  may  be  briefly  described.  The 
illustration  (fig.  145),  engraved  from  Nature,  shows  a 
group  of  three  examples  growing  in  an  open  flace 
amongst  low-growing  flowering  plants.  To  make 
out  the  botanical  characters  of  A.  procerus  it  is  neces- 
sary to  get  a  good  fresh  example  and  cut  it  in  two 
across  the  top  and  down  the  stem,  as  was  done  with 
A.  rubescens,  p.  460,  The  accompanying  outline 
(fig.  144)  sljows  the  section  of  a  large  example  of  A. 
procerus.  The  salient  characters  given  below  are 
printed  in  italics.  A,  procerus  grows  in  pasture!, 
orchards,  lowlands,  on  banks,  and  in  open  places, 
amongst  bracken,  &c.  It  does  not  grow  in  woods. 
Observe  that  the  cap  \i  fleshy,  as  shown  by  the  thick- 
ness at  a  ;  that  it  is  uinbonate—i  e.,  it  has  a  boss  ot 
swelling  in  the  middle,  like  the  boss  of  a  Greek  shield, 
at  B  ;  that  the  scales,  c,  at  length  separate  from  the 
flesh,  as  at  D,  E,  F  (in  A.  rubescens  they  are  adherent). 
The  stem  is  piped  or  hollow,  G  and  H  ;  and  it  is 
bulbous,  J.  There  is  a  ring  or  collar  round  the  stem, 
K  ;  it  is  not  permanently  fixed  to  the  stem  (as  in  A, 
rubescens),  but  is  loose,  L  ;  and  when  the  fungus  is 
mature  the  ring  may  be  easily  pushed  up  and  down 
the  stem  with  the  fingers.  Sometimes  the  ring 
breaks  and  falls  away  from  the  fungus  to  the  ground. 
The  gills  do  not  touch  the  stem,  but  are  remote  from  it, 
M,  M.  In  this  species  the  cap  is  very  readily  detached 
from  the  stem  ;  the  stem  may  be  readily  pulled  away 
without  breaking  the  cap,  and  a  depression  is  then 
left  under  the  umbo  or  boss  of  the  cap  on  the  dotted 
line,  N, 

This  section  is  a  good  example  of  the  line  of  the 
hymenophorum  (hymen,  or  fruit-bearer),  O  being  dis- 
tinct from  the  line  of  the  stem,  P  ;  a  most  important 
character,  but  in  some  examples  unfortunately  more 
potential  than  definite.  The  spores  or  seeds  are 
white  ;  a  group  of  four,  enlarged  500  diameters,  is 
shown  at  o. 

The  fungus  may  be  popularly  described  as  follows  : 
—The  cap  (pileus)  is  dry,  fleshy,  and  soft,  3  to  7 
inches  or  more  in  diameter  ;  in  young  unexpanded 
examples  the  cap  is  ovate  (see  illustration),  then 
expanded  and  umbonate  ;  at  first  brown  in  colour. 
Cuticle  of  cap  thin,  entire  over  the  centre  umbo  j 
torn  towards  the  margin  into  broad,  brown  (at  length 
evanescent  and  separating)  scales  or  flakes.  Margin 
and  outer  surface  beneath  the  scales  rough,  white, 
pale  buff  or  pinkish  in  colour.  Gills  and  spores 
white.  Stem  hollow,  tall,  6  to  10  or  more  inches 
high,  half  an  inch  or  more  thick  at  top,  variegated 
with  small  close-pressed  brown  scales  (like  the  skin  of 
a  snake),  bulbous  at  the  base.  Ring  at  length  loose 
on  the  stem.  Gills  remote  or  unconnected  with  the 
stem.     Taste  and  odour  when  raw  pleasant. 

The  sub-genus  of  Agarics  to  which  A.  procerus 
belongs  is  named  Lepiota,  from  Xeirfs  =  a  scale,  in 
reference  to  the  scaly  top  ;  procerus  simply  means 
tall,  a  somewhat  indefinite  specific  name,  as  many 
fungi  are  tall,  and  many  others  are  considered  by 
some  as  scaly  things, 

Agaricus  procerus  is  really  a  very  close  relation 
of  the  common  pasture  Mushroom,  although  it  is 
(artificially)  far  removed  from  it  in  our  Floras.  The 
chief  distinguishing  characters  are  the  white  gills  and 
white  spores  of  the  former,  and  the  purple-brown  gills 
and  spores  of  the  latter.  There  are  many  species  of 
Lepiota,  allied  to  the  plant  before  us,  and  I  should 
be  inclined  to  trust  several  of  the  larger  species  as 
edible.  The  first  four  species  of  Fries,  viz..  A,  pro- 
cerus, A,  rachodes,  A,  excoriatus,  and  A,  gracilentus, 
I  believe,  are  the  same  thing.      They  all  gradually 


650 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[November  21,  18 


,un  into  each  other  an.l  it  is  often  impossible  for  the      cream,   or  good  gravy;  bake   for   five    minutes,  and 
most  acute  observer  to  dislinguish  one  from  the  other.      brown  well  before  a  quick  fire 


A.  rachodes  has  sometimes  been  termed  unwholesome, 
and  A.  excoriatus  (perhaps  from  some  misunderstand- 
ingof  the  meaning  of  the  somewhat  threatening  specific 
name)  has  been  called  poisonous  ;  but  all  four  are 
very  good  (or  the  table,  A.  procerus  being  the  chief 
dainty.  Some  of  the  larger  species,  beginning  with  A. 
acutesquamosus,  are  perhaps  best  avoided.  One 
small  species.  A.,  cristatus,  is  known  by  its  disgusting 
Several  grow    in   greenhouses,    and    are   no 


CoUasers  Procerus  Pie.  —  Cut  fresh  Agarics  in 
small  pieces,  and  cover  the  bottom  of  a  pie-dish. 
Pepper,  salt,  and  place  on  them  small  shreds  of  fresh 
bacon,  then  put  a  layer  of  mashed  Potatos,  and  so  fill 
the  dish  layer  by  layer,  with  a  cover  of  mashed 
Potatos  for  the  crust.  Bake  well  for  half  an  hour, 
and  brown  before  a  quick  fire. 

Procerii!  Oin:k:tc.  —  Mince  some  young  fresh 
Agarics  ;  season  with  pepper  and  sail  ;  add  butter. 


doubt 'of  exotic  origin,  as  Sowerby's  A.  cep.-estipes  and      and  set  them  in  the  oven  whilst  you  whisk  well  the 


my  Geor^ina:.  Dr.  Cooke,  in  the  new  edition  of  his 
HaiiMook,  now  in  course  of  publication,  says  the 
latter  species  was  named  by  me  "  in  honour  of  Mrs. 
Worlhington  G.  Smith."  This  unfortunate  mistake 
of  the  Doctor's  might  have  led  (in  some  quarters)  to 
a  domestic  altercation  :  Georgina  is  some  one  else  ! 

The  proof  of  procerus  is  in  the  eating.  Like  all 
other  Mushrooms,  it  requires  to  be  well  and  skilfully 
cooked,  and  served  quite  hot.  S:iund  examples 
only  must  be  prep.-.red  for  the  table. 

The  late  Dr.  Bull,  of  Hereford,  carefully  wrote  out, 
from  experience,  the  best  modes  of  cooking  A. 
procerus,  and  for  the  following  methods  fungologisls 
are  chiefly  indebted  to  him.  The  modes  are  approved 
by  the  writer  and  are  adopted  by  the  Woolhope  and 
other  clubs  :  — 

Modes  of  Cooking  Agaricus  i-rocerus. 
It   may  be   cooked   in  any  way,  and  is  excellent 
in  all. 

Broiled.— Ktmn-it  the  scales  and  stalks  from  the 
Agarics,  and  bioil  lightly  over  a  clear  fire  on  both 
sides  for  a  few  minutes  ;  arrange  them  in  a  dish  over 
fresh  made,  well-divided  toast  ;  sprinkle  with  pepper 
and  salt,  and  put  a  small  piece  of  butter  on  each  ;  set 
before  a  brisk  fire  to  melt  the  butter,  and  serve  up 
quickly. 

If  the  cottager  would  toast  his  bacon  over  the 
broiled  Mushrooms  the  butter  would  be  saved. 

>?a/.v,/.— Remove  the  scales  end  stalks  from  the 
Agarics,  and  place  them  in  layers  in  a  dish  ;  put  a 
little  butter  on  each,  and  season  with  pepper  and 
salt.  Cover  lightly,  and  bake  for  twenty  minutes  or 
hiU-an-hour,  according  to  number  placed  in  the  dish. 
Put  them  on  hot  toast  in  a  hot  dish.  Pour  the  hot 
sauce  on  them  and  serve  up  quickly. 

.S'/c'H <•</.— Remove  the  scales  and  stalks  from  the 
freshly  gathered  Agarics  and  stew  them  for  twenty 
minutes  in  milk  and  water,  which  will  be  improved 
by  a  little  good  gravy  ;  then  season  with  pepper  and 
silt,  and  add  a  blade  of  mice  if  desired.  Thicken 
the  same  with  a  spoonful  of  flour,  a  little  cream,  or 
the  yolk  of  an  egg.  Boil  for  a  few  minutes,  and 
serve  up  quickly  in  a  hot,  well-covered  dish. 

Delicately  5/«yi-</.— Remove  the  stalks  and  scales 
from  the  young  half-gro.vn  .Agarics,  and  throw  each 
one  as  you  do  so  into  a  basin  of  fresh  water  slightly 
acidulated  with  the  juice  of  a  lemon,  or  a  little  good 
vinegar.  When  all  are  prepared,  remove  them  from 
the  water,  and  put  them  into  a  stewpan  with  a  very 
small  piece  of  fresh  butter.  Sprinkle  with  while 
pepper  and  salt,  and  add  a  little  lemon  juice.  Cover 
up  closely  and  slew  for  half  an  hour.  Then  add  a 
spoonful  of  flour,  with  sufficient  cream,  or  cream  and 
milk,  until  the  whole  has  the  thickness  of  cream. 
Seison  to  taste,  and  stew  again  gently  until  the 
Agarics  are  perfectly  tender.  Remove  all  the  butter 
from  the  surface,  and  serve  in  a  hot  dish,  garnished 
with  slices  of  lemon. 

A  little  mace,  nutmeg,  or  ketchup  may  be  added  ; 
but  there  are  those  who  think  the  spice  spoils  the 
Mushroom  flavour. 

Procerus  Sauce.— Zhox'  up  about  half  a  pint  of 
young  Agarics,  pepper  and  salt,  and  add  an  ounce  of 
butter  rolled  in  flour.  Put  in  a  stew-pan  over  a  slow 
fire  for  a  few  minutes  ;  add  half  a  pint  of  milk,  or, 
better  still,  cream,  and  boil  gently,  stirring  all  the 
lime  until  it  is  sufficiently  thick  and  smooth.  Pour 
round  boiled  fowls  or  rabbits,  or  any  light  fncasle. 

Beef  or  veal  stock  may  be  used  when  a  brown 
sauce  is  required  ;  and  some  will  think  a  little  mace 
or  nutmeg,  or  a  few  drops  of  Indian  soy,  or  a  little 
llarvey  Sauce,  a  good  addition.  The  brown  sauce  is 
excellent  for  steaks,  cutlets,  game,  or  any  kind  of 
)  Ai;ouls. 

Scalloped  Procerus.— Wiace  young  fresh  Agarics, 
season  wilh  pepper,  salt,  and  a  little  lemon  juice, 
add  a  little  butter,  and  stew  in  a  warm  oven  for  ten 
minutes,  then  put  them  in  a  scallop  tin,  layer  by 
Ijyer,  with  freih  bread  crumbs,  moistened  wilh  milk, 


bites  and  yolks  of  half  a  dozen  eggs  ;  then  put  2  oz 
of  butter  into  the  frying-pan,  and  heat  until  it  begins 
to  brown  ;  having  again  well  whisked  up  the  eggs 
with  three  tablespoonfuls  of  the  prepared  Agarics  and 
a  little  milk,  pour  it  lightly  into  the  boiling  butter  ; 
stir  one  way,  and  fry  on  one  side  only  for  five  or  six 
minutes  ;  drain  it  from  the  fat ;  roll  it  up  and  serve 
quickly  on  a  hot,  well  covered  dish 


m 


AiiRIDES  BERNHARDIANUM,  n.  sp.* 
Mr.  Harry  Veitch  has  kindly  sent  me  this  sur- 
prising novelty  with  this  note  ; — "  The  Aerides  was 
sent  to  us  by  Mr.  Curtis  from  Borneo  ;  we  know 
nothing  like  this."  Neither  do  I.  The  position  of 
the  lacinia;  of  the  lip,  the  side  laciniie  overlapping  one 
another,  and  the  front  ones  covering  both  in  front 
side,  are  great  peculiarities,  and  I  cannot  remember 
to  have  seen  anything  like  it  except  in  Aerides 
Leeanum.  There  is  a  strong,  thick,  abrupt,  emargi- 
nate  callus  in  the  base  of  the  mid-lacinia,  under  it  a 
small  triangular  one,  and  lower  down  on  the  sides  of 
the  mouth   of  the  spur  two  rounded,  swollen  lines. 


Potted  Procerus.— Remove    the    scales   and  stalks      The  appearance  of  the  raceme  is  almost  that  of  Aerides 


from  young  fresh  Agarics  ;  sprinkle  wilh  pepper  and 
sill,  and  set  aside  for  three  or  four  hours  :  then  place 
them  in  the  stewpan  with  the  liquor  that  will  have 
exuded  and  stew  until  dry  ;  next  fry  in  butter  for  a 
few  minutes  ;  put  them  into  small  jars,  and  when  cold 
pour  in  as  much  butter,  melted,  as  will  just  cover 
Ihem  ;  when  again  cold,  pour  on  a  little  inelled  suet, 
and  lie  down  wilh  bladder. 

When  required  for  use,  soak  them  for  two  or  three 
hours  in  a  little  warm  milk  and  water,  and  slew  with 
milk  or  cream,  or  stock,  and  use  it  in  any  way  that 
m.iy  be  required. 

Essence  of  /';wfr/(j.— Sprinkle  young  but  full- 
grown  Agarics  with  salt,  and  let  them  stand  for  six 
hours.  Then  beat  them  well  up,  and  the  next  day 
strain  of!"  Ihe  liquor,  and  boil  very  slowly  until  it  is 
reduced  to  one  half  the  quantity. 

This  essence  will  not  keep  long,  but  is  much 
preferable  to  ketchup,  where  the  delicate  flavour  of 
the  Agaric  is  overpowered  by  spice.  Add  to  it  one- 
eighih  part  of  good  French  brandy,  or  half  its 
quaniiiy  of  any  wine,  bottle  carefully,  and  it  will 
keep  for  any  reasonable  time. 

is  Ketchup.— VX^zit  the  Agarics  of  as  large  a 


quinquevulnerum.     The  leaf  is  narrow,  strap-shaped, 
and  unequally  bilobed. 

It  is  a  great  satisfaction  to  me  to  dedicate  this  fine 
novelty,  with  hearty  gratitude  and  best  wishes,  to  Mr. 
Theodor  Bernhardi,  now  of  Erfurt,  late  Curator  of 
the  Leipsic  Botanic  Gardens,  who  was  surpassed  by 
no  one  in  skill  and  zeal  and  love  for  plants  during 
the  lime  he  held  his  difficult  position.  H.  G,  Rchb.  f, 

Oncidium  HU'DSCHII,  «.  sp.* 
A  new  Oncidium  of  the  pyramidale  group.  It  has 
an  exceedingly  branched  pyramidal  panicle,  flowei.ng 
like  others  of  the  same  group.  The  bipartite  orange 
coloured  wings  of  the  column  give  the  best  character. 
The  lip  is  narrower  in  front  than  at  the  base,  and 
wears  a  very  peculiar  system  of  calli.  Colour  sulphur- 
coloured  with  some  brown  tint.  It  was  imported  by 
Mr.  F.  Sander,  and  sent  to  the  eminent  orchidist. 
Baron  Hruby,  of  Pelschkau,  who  kindly  forwarded 
me  the  first  inflorescence,  laden  wilh  very  numerous 
flowers.  The  Baron  informs  me  it  was  sent  him,  in 
1SS3,  by  Mr.  lliibsch,  from  Ecuador.  He  is  one  of 
the  numerous  Sanderian  collectors.  I  feel  very  happy 
to  dedicate  the  species  to  its  persevering  discoverer. 


Procci 

size  as  you  can   procure,  but  which  are  not  worm-       _ 

eaten,  layer  by  layer  in  a  deep  pan,  sprinkling  each      ^_  ^_  Rihb.,  f. 
layer  as  it  is  put  in  wiih  a  little  salt.     The  next  day 
stir  them  well  up   several  limes  so   as  to  mash  and 
abstract  their  juice.     On  the  third  day  strain  uH  the 
liquor,  measure,  and  boil  for  ten  minutes,  and  then  to  i-g  m,_  w.  Bull  I  am  indebted   for  the   following 

pint  of  the  liquor  add  haU^an  ounce  of  black      three  new  members   of  this  already  unwieldy  genus. 

^^    ^^^^^    ^^^   hybrid,    A.    chelseinsis,  is    much   the 


Three  New  Anthuriums. 


pepper,  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of  bruised  ginger  root, 
a  blade  of  mace,  a  clove  or  two,  and  a  teaspoonful  of 
mujlaid  seed.  B  jil  again  for  half-an-hour,  put  in 
two  or  three  Bay  leaves,  and  set  aside  lill  quite  cold. 
Pass  through  a  strainer,  and  bottle  ;  cork  well,  and 
dip  the  ends  in  resin.  A  very  little  Chili  vinegar  is 
an  improvement,  and  some  add  a  glass  of  port  wine 
or  strong  ale  to  every  bottle. 

Care  should  be  taken  that  the  spice  is  not  added  so 
abundantly  as  to  overpower  the  true  flavour  of  the 
Agaric.  A  careful  cook  will  keep  back  a  little  of  the 
simple  boiled  liquor  to  guard  against  this  danger  ;  a 
good  one  will  always  avoid  ii.  "Doctors  weigh 
their  thinijs,"  said  a  capital  cook,  "but  I  go  by 
taste."  But  then,  like  poets,  good  cooks  of  this 
order  must  be  born  so,  they  are  not  to  be  made.  (Dr. 
Bull) 

Procerus,— <\  l:i  Prozietifale. —Sleep  for  two  hours 
in  oil,  with  some  salt,  pepper,  and  a  livtle  garlic  ; 
then  toss  up  in  a  small  stew-pan  over  a  brisk  fire, 
with  Parsley  chopped,  and  a  little  lemon-juice.  (Dr. 
Badham.) 

"  Comme  il  est  tris  leger  et  trJs  delicat,  il  laut  le 
faire  sauter  dans  I'huile  fine  apres  I'avoir  assaisonne 
d'un  point  d'ail,  de  poivre,  et  de  sel  ;  en  quelques 
instants,  il  est  cuit.  On  le  mange  aussi  en  fricassee 
de  poulet,  cuit  sur  le  gril,  ou  dans  le  lourtiire  avec 
de  beurre,  de  fines  herbes,  de  poivre,  de  sel,  el  de  la 
chapeluie  de  pain  ;  on  ne  mange  point  le  lige,  elle 
est  d'une  texture  coriace."  (Roques).  IVorlhin^toit  G. 
Smith,  Diiiistaile. 


-In    the 


finest  for  horticultural  purposes,  although  A.  Veitchii 
var.  acuminatum,  will,  when  fully  developed,  probably 
be  as  bold  and  ornamental  a  plant  as  the  typical  lorm. 
A.  flavidum  is  allied  to  A.  indecorum,  but  the  sinus 
of  Ihe  leaf  is  much  more  open,  the  leaf  is  punctate 
dotted  beneath,  and  the  ultimate  areolation  larger  in 
A.  flavidum  ;  it  appears  to  be  one  of  the  tall-growing 
or  climbing  species,  and  will  make  a  good  foliage 
plant. 

Anthurium  chelseier.sis,  n.  hyb.,N.  E.  Brown.— 
A  fine  handsome  hybrid  between  A.  Veitchii  and  A. 
Andreanum,  with  leaves  resembling  those  of  A. 
Veitchii,  which  I  suspect  to  be  the  seed-bearing 
parent  ;  they  are,  however,  more  ovate,  and  the  veitis 
rather  fewer  and  less  arched  backwards,  at  least  in 
some  of  the  leaves,  and  the  midrib  is  acutely  keeled 
beneath,  instead  of  being  flat  with  merely  a  raised 
line,  as  in  A.  Veitchii.  The  petioles  and  scapes  are 
terete.  The  spathe  is  bioadly  cordate,  cuspidate  at 
the  apex,  3i— 5  inches  long,  2?— 34  inches  broad, 
spreading,  of  a  rich  crimson  colour,  quite  smooth  and 
somewhat  glossy,  but  not  so  much  so  as  A.  Andrea- 
num. Spadix  3  inches  long,  about  i  inch  thick  (in 
fruit  J  inch  thick),  slightly  tapering,  basal  part 
while,  apical  part  yellowish  at  first  ;  styles  pro- 
truding about  J  line  beyond  the  sepals.  The 
spadix  is  more  tapering,  and  the  styles^  appear  to 
me  rather  more  protruding  than  in  A.  Veitchii.  It 
is  to  my  mind  a  more  handsome  plant  than  A.  Ferrier- 
ense,  and  about  equal  to  another  new  hybrid  derived 
from  A.  Andreanum,  raised  by  the  Compagnie  Con- 


-ligulatls 

evulneri, 
-teralibiis 


*  Ai-rides  Benthardiaitum, 
apic*^  oblique  bilobis  ;  raceiiio  p' 
Lindl.  ;  sepalis  tepalisque  aftitii 
subquadratis    imbricantibus,    ' 


Fruit  Culture  in  Los  Angeles 
Northern  and  Eastern  States  of  Los  Angeles  a 
great  variety  of  semi-tropical  fruits,  such  as  the 
Orange,  Lemon,  Lime,  Pomegranate,  and  Fig,  are 
cultivated.  Every  year  the  average  of  fruit  culture  is 
increased  very  largely.  Peaches  of  the  finest  quality 
sell  at  the  orchards  for  one  halfpenny  per  pound. 
Even  at  this  low  price  a  good  Peach  orchard  will  pay 
£6q  per  annum  per  acre.     Grapes  sell  at  from/3  to 

/?  per  ton.     The  products  of  the  orchards  are  either  ,  ^      -  u      1  . 

ZlX  evaporaud.  canned,  preserved  crystallised,  or  ^^^^r^!,^^;%^^  's7;uroSur'Jnclt°U 
sold  green.  The  crytalhsatton  of  fruits  as  practised  cal^  '"^  .j^^^^'Jb^s^ntepositis  ;  alls.  Columns  bicruribi.s, 
in  the  Snuth  of  France  has  recently  been  commenced,  cruribus  Hnearibus  extus,  retusis,  denticulatis.  Ex  Ecuador, 
and  15  meeting  with  much  success.  mis.  coll.  HUbsch,  cuidicatum.  //.  C.  Rchb../. 


.floro  Aeridis  quinqi 
L ;  labelli  laciniis  1 
lia    mediana    ligul; 

_ _  _      stegeiite.calcareanlrorsum  verso  CO 

culo^  caiio  cmarginato  magno  in  basi  laclnis  antica 
triangulo  supposito,  lineis  geminis  incrassatis  infra 
infernis,  rostello  brevi.  E  Borneo,  introd.  cl. 
Veitch.  Th.  Bernhardi,  per  longum  tempus  cu 
botanici  Lipsiensis),  viro  meritissimo  grato  an 
H.  G.  Rdtb./.  .  ^  ^     .^. 

•  Oncidium  Hiihsckti,  n.  sp.— Aff.  Or        -    " 


[S   (hrrti 
0  dicatur. 


November  ai,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


651 


tinentale  d'Horticulture,  which  will  be  published  in 
an  early  number  of  V Ilhntration  Horticole—Xh^  two 
are,  however,  quite  dibtinct  in  /oliage  and  in  ihe 
colour  of  their  spalhes. 

Anthuriuni  Veitchii  var.  acuminatum^  N.  E. 
Brown. — The  typical  A.  Veitchii,  now  so  well  Unownj 
has  an  elongate-oblong  leaf,  with  neatly  parallel  sides 
for  about  three-fourths  of  its  length,  and  a  very  narrow 
sinus,  the  basal  lobes  often  overlapping  more  or  less. 
In  this  new  variety  the  leaf  is  ovate-lanceolate,  gra- 
dually tapering  in  a  slightly  curved  line  to  an  acu- 
minate point,  the  sinus  is  open  and  triangular,  the 
veins,  especially  ihe  basal  ones,  are  less  arched  back- 
wards, and  there  are  rather  fewer  of  them,  though 
as  I  only  examined  a  few  leaves  of  one  plant  this 
may  not  be  the  case  with  all.  The  inflorescence  is 
the  same  as  in  the  ordinary  A.  Veitchii.  It  has  been 
introduced  from  Columbia  by  Mr.  Hull, 

Anthiiriitm  flavidiim,  n.  pp.,  N.  E.  Br.  — Stem 
elongating.  Petioles  terete,  12 — iS  inches  long,  z\ — 
3  lines  thick,  light  green.  Lamina  10 — 14  inches 
long,  light  shining  green,  cordate- ovate,  apex  acumi- 
nate, base  cordate  with  rounded  basal  lobes,  and  a 
very  broad  rounded  sinus  3—4  inches  across,  and  i  — 
2  inches  deep  between  them  ;  primary  lateral  veins 
12 — 14  on  each  side  the  midrib,  nearly  straight  or 
slightly  curving,  all  ascending,  the  basal  lobes  3 -veined, 
the  veins  uniting  about  4  inch  from  their  origin  from 
the  base  of  the  midrib,  and  denuded  in  the  sinus, 
intraraaiginal  vein  continuous,  1—3  lines  distant  from 
the  margin  ;  all  the  veins  and  midrib  acutely  pio- 
minent  on  both  sides,  but  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
leaf  they  are  at  the  same  lime  depressed  in  channels 
below  the  general  surface;  under-surface  paler  than 
the  upper,  and  minutely  punctate-dotted.  Scape 
5— 6  inches  long,  sub-terete,  lu  — 2  lines  thick,  pale 
green.  Spaihe  spreading,  yellowish  or  pale  yellowish- 
green,  oblong,  abrupily  cuspidate,  2 — 2^  inches  long, 
f  -I  inch  broad,  cusp  4  lines  long.  Spadix 
ij— 3  inches  long,  3—4  lines  thick,  terete,  obtuse, 
scarcely  tapering,  sessile,  pale  violet-pink.  A  native 
of  Columbia,  whence  it  has  been  imported  by  Mr. 
Bull.  It  appears  to  be  a  tall-growing  species,  and 
although  not  so  gay  as  some  others  of  the  genus,  is 
still  sufificiently  ornamental  to  recommend  itself  to 
lovers  of  this  class  of  plants.  Its  position  in  the 
genus  is  next  to  A.  indecorum,  Schott.  N,  E, 
Brown. 


SEEDLING    FRUIT    TREES. 

Mr.  W.  Ingram's  remarks  upon  this  subject  at  p. 
589  tend  to  confirm  an  idea  that  I  have  long  enter- 
tained, viz.,  that  seedling  Apples,  Pears,  and  possibly 
other  fruits,  may  under  the  conditions  of  the  soil  and 
climate,  &c.,  of  the  districts  in  which  they  have 
originated  be  found  to  be  possessed  of  qualities  which 
Ihey  will  not  retain  when  transferred  to  other  localities 
where  similar  conditions  do  not  exist  ;  while  on  the 
other  hand,  varieties  may  have  been  discarded  on 
being  found  of  little  value  in  the  locality  where  they 
originated,  but  which  might,  under  the  influences 
of  other  soil  and  climate,  be  found  to  be  possessed 
of  desirable  qualities. 

Many  years  ago  I  found  that  such  varieties  of  the 
Pear  as  the  Grey  Achan,  Moorfowl  Egg,  &c.,  which 
in  the  cool  moist  climate  of  the  South  of  Scotland 
are  found  to  be  of  excellent  quality  as  dessert 
Pears,  were  worthless  when  produced  in  the  com- 
paialively  arid  atmosphere  and  drier  soil  of  some 
parts  of  the  Eastern  Counties  of  England,  where 
even  such  varieties  of  the  Apple  as  Bess  Poole 
and  Bstly  Geeson,  &c.,  which  are  deservingly 
esteemed  in  the  Midland  Counties,  are  found  to  be  of 
little  value.  Many  years  ago  a  child  sowed  a  few 
Pear  pips  in  a  pot  of  earth,  and  in  the  cour?e  of  time 
some  of  the  plants  produced  by  the  seeds  thus  sown 
produced  fruit.  The  seedlings  were  all  very  distinct 
from  each  other  in  foliage  as  well  as  in  fruit,  and  so 
far  as  was  known  were  distinct  from  existing  varieties 
—the  fruit  of  one  variety  at  least  proving  to  be  of  such 
excellent  quality  that  it  was  considered  worthy  of 
being  shown  before  the  Fruit  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  at  its  meeting  of  October 
23  1S74,  when  a  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded 
to  it,  and  an  illustration  of  it  appeared  in  the  April 
number  of  the  Florist  and  Pomolo^ist  iox  1S75  ;  and 
the  Editor  (Mr.  T.  Moore),  in  alluding  to  this  fruit, 
writes  as  follows  : — "  If  we  cannot  claim  for  Old 
England  the  parentage  of  many  of  our  favourite 
Pears,  we  may  at  least  assign  to  her  some  of  the  very 
best  quality,  and  among  these  mu=.t  rank  the  subject 
of  our  present  illustration — Pear  Lucy  Grieve.  As 
will  be  seen  from  our  figure,  this  variety  is 
remarkable  for  its  long,  narrow,  Willow-like 
leaves,  which  gives  the  tree  a  peculiar  appearance. 
The  fruit  is  full  medium  size,  oblong  pyriform, 
broadish  just  above  the  middle,  its  average  weight 


exceeding  7  02.  The  colour  is  clear  deep  lemon- 
yellow,  thinly  marked  with  russet  dots,  and  having  a 
small  russet  patch  about  the  eye  and  the  stalk.  The 
flesh  is  moderately  firm,  fine  grained,  tender,  and- 
roeliing,  very  juicy,  with  a  rich,  luscious  flavour,  and 
a  slight  and  agreeable  dash  of  acidity,  such  as  is  occa- 
sianally  met  with  in  the  (ilou  Mori^eau.  The  odour 
of  the  fruit  is  penetrating  and  agreeable,  and  its 
appearance  something  like  that  of  an  elongated  Glou 
Moi^.-au." 

Dr.  Hogg,  in  the  fourthedition  of  the  Fruit  Manual^ 
1S75,  gives  a  lengthened  and  equally  favourable  de- 
scription of  ihi?  Pear,  ending  as  follows: — "Flesh 
white,  very  tender  and  melting,  very  juicy,  and  richly 
flavoured.  This  is  a  delicious  Pear,  and  has  the 
texture  of  flesh  of  Marie  Louise  ;  it  is  ripe  in  October." 
Di.  Hogg  further  says  :  —  *'  I  named  the  Pear 
Lucy  (irieve  as  a  memorial  of  the  raiser."  Under 
this  name  it  was  distributed  by  the  Messrs.  E.  G. 
Hender-on  &  Son,  then  of  the  Wellington  Road,  St. 
John's  Wood.  The  original  tree  still  exists  upon  a 
low  wall,  lacing  souih,  in  Culford  Garden,  near  Bury 
St.  Edmund's.  This  season  the  tree  only  produced  a 
few  fruits,  part  of  which  were  kindly  sent  to  me,  and 
these  were  examined  and  tested  by  several  good 
judges  of  fruit,  who  agreed  in  considering  it  well  worthy 
of  all  that  had  been  said  in  its  favour ;  yet,  strange 
to  say,  it  has  not  in  any  instance,  so  far  as  I  know, 
b^en  exhibited  at  the  Pear  Congress  just  closed,  and 
this  circumstance  leads  me  to  think  that  this  variety 
may  possibly  be  one  of  those  whose  good  qualities 
are  only  retained  in  the  soil  and  locality  which  gave 
them  birth.  As  has  been  said,  the  foliage,  &c.,  of 
this  variety  are  peculiar,  and  it  can  hardly  have  been 
confounded  with  other  varieties  ;  and  should  this 
communication  chance  to  meet  the  eye  of  any  reader 
who  may  have  succeeded  in  fruiting  it,  they  may  pos- 
sibly be  inclined  to  favour  your  readers,  as  well  as 
the  writer,  with  their  opinions  respecting  it.  P. 
Grieve^  Bury  Si.  Edmuna's, 


jfoitigii  ^oriT.?poiibfiuf. 


Vegetable  Products  of  Dalmatia.— Report- 
ing on  the  agriculture  of  Uagusa,  the  British  Consul 
says  the  country  is  now  adapted  to  the  rearing  of  the 
silkworm  and  the  cultivation  of  the  Mulberry.  The 
secret  of  the  production  of  silk  by  means  of  the  silk- 
worm was,  it  is  said,  long  jealously  guarded  by  the 
Chinese,  but  was  at  length  disclosed  to  the  Emperor 
Justinian  through  the  treacherous  proceedings  of  a 
princess  of  China  who,  on  leaving  China  to  marry  the 
Khan  of  Khotan,  managed  by  the  aid  of  her  bridal 
robes  to  deceive  the  vigilance  of  the  guards  on  the 
frontier,  and  for  the  first  time  carried  the  eggs  of  the 
silkworm  out  of  the  country,  and  so  gave  her  husband 
a  surprising  nuptial  gift.  About  the  year  552,  by 
means  of  missionary  monks  in  Central  Asia,  Jus- 
tinian managed  to  procure  a  supply  of  eggs,  and  in 
the  reign  of  his  son  the  manufacture  of  silk  in  Europe 
became  established. 

Under  the  protection  of  the  Byzantine  Emperors 
Dalmatia  was  one  of  the  first  countries  in  which  the 
culture  of  silk  became  general,  and  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  the  sacerdotal  garment,  called  the  Dal- 
matic, owes  its  name  to  its  having  been  originally 
fabricated  in  silk.  The  cultivation  of  the  silkworm 
has,  however,  been  gradually  diminishing  in  Dal- 
matia, and  is  still  diminishing. 

One  of  the  chief  articles  of  export  of  Ragusa  in 
ancient  times  was  dried  Figs  to  Venice,  and  Ihe  Fig 
tree  is  still  much  cultivated,  and  the  dried  Fig  of 
Dalmatia  is  of  a  very  fine  quality.  The  cultivation 
of  the  Fig  has,  however,  much  fallen  off  since  the 
flourishing  period  of  the  provinces. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Almond,  which  also 
flourishes  well.  The  most  esteemed  kinds  have  a 
tender  shell,  which  can  be  broken  easily  with  the 
fingers,  and  large  quantities  are  exported  to  other 
parts  of  Austria.  Both  Oranges  and  Lemons  thrive 
in  the  southern  parts  of  Dalmatia,  but  their  cultiva- 
tion is  much  neglected.  The  Carob  tree  is  also 
abundant,  and  grows  wild. 

Little  or  no  attention  is  given  to  the  cultivation  of 
garden  produce  ;  all  vegetables  grow  pretty  much  as 
they  will.  Asparagus  grows  wild  in  abundance  in  the 
mountains,  but  none  is  grown  in  the  gardens. 
Lettuce  also  grows  abundantly,  but  is  of  inferior 
quality,  for  a  supply  of  which  Ragusa,  with  a  superior 
climate,   is  sometimes  dependent   on  Trieste,     The 


national  vegetable  is  the  "  Kupus,"  a  species  of  Cab- 
bage, which  only  requires  planting  once  in  three 
years,  and  requires  no  attention. 

The  reputation  of  the  flowers  of  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum cinerarixfolium  as  an  insecticide  has  suffered  on 
account  of  defective  kinds,  and  the  adulterations  of  it, 
which  have  found  their  way  into  the  nniket  ;  how- 
ever, when  well  selected  and  prepared  there  is  no 
doubt  of  its  efficacy,  and  it  is  especially  valuable  for 
the  protection  it  affords  to  costly  furs  and  stuffs  against 
the  attacks  of  moth.  The  best  quality  comes  from 
the  island  of  Tesina  ;  the  plant  is  said  to  thrive  better 
in  some  localities  ihan  in  others,  and  to  lose  its  insecti. 
cidal  powers  out  of  Dalmatia,  where  it  is  indigenous. 
Another  plant  which  thrives  particularly  well  in  Dal- 
matia is  the  Sumac,  which  is  much  used  in  tanning 
leather. 

EsTARTO  IN  Tunis.— Reports  from  Tunis  state 
that  the  Esparto  grass  trade  is  now  carried  on 
there  on  a  large  scale,  and  large  tracts  of  Esparto- 
producing  fields  have  been  bought  by  speculators. 
The  Anglo-French  Esparto  Fibre  Company  are  de- 
veloping their  trade  at  Abouhedma,  and  a  tram- 
way is  now  being  laid  down  by  the  same  to  carry 
the  Esparto  fibre  to  the  coast.  But  export  duty 
is  very  heavy  on  this  article,  and  competition  by 
Tripoli  and  Algeria,  where  Esparto  pays  no  export 
duty,  is  telling  much  on  the  trade.  This  trade  is 
Slid  to  be  aciongst  the  very  foremost  resources  of 
the  Lousa  district.  "  Through  good  and  bad, 
dry  or  rainy  years,  there  is  always  a  crop  of  it. 
The  Arabs  fall  back  on  it  chiefly  in  times  of 
scarcity,  when  successive  years  have  brought  them 
deficient  crops.  But  the  duty  on  this  article,  espe- 
cially at  Lousa,  is  so  heavy  as  to  deter  (he  Arabs 
from  pulling  and  bringing  it  to  the  market,  except 
when  they  feel  the  pinch  of  poverty." 

Vanda  ccerulea  at  Petschkau.— I  have  read 
several  times  about  this  beautiful  and  distinct  Orchid 
in  the  GarJeners'  Chronicle.  Mr.  E.  Jenkins  writes 
on  p.  59S  about  a  fine  specimen,  which  surely  must 
be  a  very  healthy  plant  and  a  magnificent  sight.  After 
this  I  think  it  may  still  be  interesting  to  some  of  your 
readers  to  be  informed  that  we  have  two  strong  single- 
beaded  plants  of  V.  coerulea,  each  carrying  one  spike, 
one  with  twenty-one,  and  the  other  with  eighteen 
flowers  and  buds.  Just  now  the  lowest  flowcs  are 
fading,  and  a  few  top  buds  are  not  yet  opened,  but 
there  are  twelve  to  fourteen  well  expanded  and  well 
coloured  flowers  on  each.  The  variety  is  a  very  good 
one  (both  the  same,  coming  from  one  original  plar.l), 
measuring  over  9  cm.  (over  3J;  inches)  across  the 
petals. 

I  keep  the  plants  in  summer  in  a  span-roofed 
house,  with  thinly  whitened  glass,  leaving  the  ven- 
tilators open  day  and  night  in  favourable  weather, 
say  during  three  months  (stormy  nights  excepted), 
where  the  temperature  on  the  hottest  days  attains 
100° — 110°  Fahr.,  and  gets  down  to  65°and  55°  Fahr. 
at  night  sometimes.  In  October  I  take  them  to  the 
coolest  end  of  the  intermediate-house,  which  is  well 
aired  in  favourable  weather,  even  in  winter,  and  kept 
at  this  end  of  the  house,  where  the  temperature  stands 
at  55' — 60°  Fahr.  at  night.  Those  flowering  and  those 
that  have  not  yet  flowered  are  all  established  in  pots, 
with  creeks  and  charcoal,  with  some  sphagnum  on  the 
top.  At  the  present  time  they  get  just  enough  water 
to  keep  the  sphagnum  and  crocks  damp,  till  February 
or  March,  at  which  time  the  potting,  if  required,  is 
done,  and  they  begin  to  get  more  water.  V/hen  I 
place  them  in  the  above-mentioned  house  in  May  they 
are  syringed  daily  at  night  when  the  days  are  sunny 
and  warm.    V.  Faus^  Pdschkan^  near  Kolin^  Bohemia, 

Dai'IINE  RUPE8TRIS. — Any  one  who  has  once  seen 
this  gem  of  the  Alps  in  its  native  habitat  (South 
Tyrol),  where  it  sends  its  woody  roots  far  back  into 
the  very  narrowest  crevices  possible,  and  .then  carpets 
the  face  of  the  limestone  crags  with  its  dense  prostrate 
twiggy  shoots  and  dark  green,  leathery,  blunt  leaves 
— in  some  instances  forming  compact  masses  nearly 
half  a  yard  across — would  hardly  expect  to  see  it 
brought  down  from  its  home,  5000  to  6000  feet  eleva- 
tion, to  the  level  of  man's  habitations,  and  there 
gro*n  as  a  stanfl.iid  ;  such  a  feat,  however,  is  accom- 
pli-hed  by  Mr.  Maly,  o(  Vienna,  who  is  an  old  and 
aident  lover  of  alpine  plants,  as  may  be  seen  when 
viewing  his  most  interesting  alpine  garden,  where 
many  fine  examples  of  these  plants  are  growing. 

SiLHNE  ACAULI3. — This  was  as  fine,  if  not  finer, 
than  I  ever  remember  seeing  it,  either  cultivated,  gr 


652 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  1S85. 


wild.  The  same  remarks  equally  apply  lo  many 
other  rarities.  However,  what  interested  me  most 
was  that  which  Mr.  Maly  showed  us  last— this  .little 
gem.  Daphne  rupestris.  It  had  been  grafted  on  stems 
6  to  9  inches  high,  surmounted  with  an  umbrella- 
like tuft  of  dark  glossy  leaves,  perhaps  4  to  6  inches 
in  diameter  ;  the  stems  are  about  the  thickness  of  an 
ordinary  lead-pencil.  They  are  extremely  quaint,  and 
highly  interesting,  and  when  in  flower  must  be  very 
pretty.  The  blossoms  are  large,  of  a  soft  rosy  pink, 
waxy  in  texture,  and  in  the  highest  degree  fragrant. 
These  results  are  not  the  work  of  a  year,  but  have 
required  fourteen  years  of  loving  and  watchful  care, 
which  I  am  sure  they  have  had,  they  are  so  clean 
and  thoroughly  healthy.  R.  P. 


ABIES    NOBILIS, 

Every  one  interested  in  Conifers  is  familiar  with 
this  tree  ;  which  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  Douglas' 
introductions.  Its  history  has  been  given  again  and 
again,  and  its  characters  are  pretty  well  known  alike 
to  the  amateur  and  to  the  professional  arborist.  It 
is  not,  therefore,  desirable  to  repeat  details  that  may 
be  got  from  any  text-book  ;  it  will  suffice  to  give  one 
or  two  extracts  from  the  latest  and  most  trustworthy 
sources.     Engelmann  thus  describes — 

"Allies  nobilis  of  Lindley.—h  magnificent  tree,  200  feet 
high,  with  thick  cinnamon-brown  bark  (red  inside),  leaves 
rigid,  curved  upward,  covering  the  upper  side  of  the 
branchlets,  glaucous  and  stomatose,  and  keeled  both  on 
the  upper  and  under  side,  acute  or  obtuse,  about  I  inch 
long,  only  on  the  youngest  trees  or  lowest  branches 
longer  (ij  inch),  flatter,  slightly  grooved  and  some- 
what two-ranked  ;  cones  cylindrical-oblong,  thick,  6—9 
inches  long  by  2J  or  3  inches  broad,  obtuse,  almost 
covered  by  the  exsert  reflexed  cuneate  cuspidate  bracts  ; 
scales  comparatively  narrow  (\\  inch  wide  by  i  nich 
long  or  more)  ;  seeds  slender,  with  a  cuneate-triangular 
somewhat  refuse  wing  ;  embryo  with  seven  or  eight  coty- 
ledons.—Z'ctk.)'  Cydopadia,  i.,  30;  Nuttall,  /.  c,  t.  117  ; 
Engelmann,  /.  c,  601.  Pinus  nobilis,  Douglas  ;  Parlatlore. 
Picea  nobilis,  Loudon,  /.  c,  2342,  fig.;  Newberry,  I.  c, 
49,  fig.  17.  [Veitch,  Manual  p.  101.]  The  '  Red  Fir 
of  Northern  California,  forming  laige  forests  about  the 
base  of  Mount  Shasta  at  6000—8000  feet  altitude,  and 
extending  through  the  Cascade  Mountains  to  the 
Columbia  River.  The  timber  is  said  to  be  better 
than  that  of  other  Firs.  Forms  are  found  with  almost 
enclosed  bracts,  often  accompanying  the  others,  which 
may  connect  with  the  following  species"  [magnifica]. — 
Kage\ma.nn,  Botany  of  California,  ii.  (1880),  p.  119. 

Sargent,  in  the  Forest  Trees  of  North  America,  says 
of  it  :— 

"  Abies  nobilis.  Red  Fir.— Oregon,  Cascade  Moun- 
tains from  the  Columbia  River  south  to  the  valley  of  the 
Upper  Rogue  River,  and  along  the  summits  of  the  coast 
range  from  the  Columbia  to  the  Nestucca  River  (Collier). 

"  A  large  tree,  61  to  92  metres  in  height,  with  a  trunk 
2.40  to  3  metres  in  diameter,  forming,  with  A.  amabilis, 
extensive  forests  along  the  slopes  of  the  Cascade  range, 
between  3000  and  4000  feet  elevation  ;  less  multiplied  in 
the  coast  ranges,  here  reaching  its  greatest  individual 
development. 

"  Wood  light,  hard,  strong,;rather  close  grained,  com- 
pact ;  bands  of  small  summer  cells  broad,  resinous,  dark 
coloured,  conspicuous  ;  medullary  rays  thin,  hardly  dis- 
tinguishable ;  colour  light  brown,  streaked  with  red,  the 
sap-wood  a  little  darker  ;  specific  gravity,  o.4'^6i  ;  ash, 
0-34-" 

It  is,  however,  its  relations  to  Abies  magnifica 
to  which  we  propose  specially  to  allude.  There  are 
in  nurseries  plants  known  as  Abies  nobilis,  A.  nobilis 
robusta,  and  A.  magnifica  (so  called),  the  latter  name, 
however,  being  generally  employed  as  synonymous 
with  nobilis  robusta.  Whether  the  true  Abies 
magnifica  is  in  cultivation  or  not  is  a  matter  of 
doubt,  which  can  be  settled  only  when  the  trees 
produce  cones.  We  may  at  once  say  that  the 
characters  of  foliage,  buds,  the  minute  structure  of  the 
leaves,  the  general  habit  and  other  supposed  marks 
of  distinction  melt  away,  and  become  less  and  less 
distinct  the  greater  the  number  of  specimens  examined. 
There  is  no  difficulty  in  recognising  the  more  northern 
A.  nobilis  (true),  at  least  when  a  cone-bearing  speci- 
men is  at  hand.  The  illustration  at  fig.  146,  for 
which  we  are  indebted  to  Messrs.  Veitch,  will  suffi- 
ciently show  how  distinct  and  handsome  the  typical 
A.  nobilis  is. 

A.  magnifica,  typical,  fig.  148,  p,'  661,  the  more 
southern  in  its  habitat,  is  equally  easily  recognised  in 
native  specimens  provided  wiih  cones.     We  have  not, 


hitherto,  seen  cones  produced  in  this  country,  for,  as 
we  shall  presently  show,  what  is  sometimes  called 
magnifica  is  not  the  tree  rightly  so  named,  but 
probably  a  form  of  nobilis.  To  make  the  matter 
clearer  we  cite  the  characters  of  the  true  magnifica 
as  given  by  Engelmann,  and  insert  an  illustration 
of  the  cone  from  the  previous  volume  (fig.  14S, 
p.  661)  :— 

"  A.  magnifca,  Murray.— Similar  to  the  last  (nobilis), 
even  more  than  200  feet  high,  and  8  to  10  feet  in 
diameter,  with  the  same  kind  of  thick  red-brown  bark, 
and  with  similar  very  rigid  foUage,  but  the  leaves  never 
grooved  nor  notched  even  on  the  young  trees,  on  older 
branches  shorter  and  thicker,  so  that  they  are  mostly  only 
a  fourth  wider  than  thick  or  even  perfectly  square,  and 
often  only  6  to  9  lines  long  :  cones  6  to  8  inches  long, 
2\  to  3I  inches  thick,  purplish-brown  ;  bracts  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  shorter  than  the  very  wide  scales,  which  are 
i^  to  i|  inch  broad,  by  scarcely  r  inch  high;  ^seeds 
slender,  the  wingbroader,  very  obliquely  obovate-cuneate  ; 
cotyledons  8  to  10. — Proc.  Hort.  Soc.,  iii.,  p.  318  ;  En- 
gelm,,  I.  c.,  p.  601.  Abies  amabilis  of  Californian  bota- 
nists.    [Veitch,  Manual,    p.  99.] 

"The  '  Red  Fir  '  of  the  higher  Sierras  is  not  rare  at  an 
altitude  of  7000  to  10,000  ieet,  but  forms  no  forests  by 
itself.  Easily  distinguished  from  the  last  by  the  enclosed 
bracts.  Forms,  however,  are  said  to  occur  (Mount  Sil- 
liraan.  Brewer),  with  e-xsert  bracts,  and  it  remains  to  be 
seen  whether  the  slight  differences  in  the  leaves,  scales, 
and  seeds  will  suffice  to  keep  the  species  separate." 
Engleraann,  Botany  of  California,  ii.,  p.  119. 

To  this  we  add  an  extract  from  Sargent's  forest 
Trees  of  North  America,  p.  214  :— 

"Abies  magnifica.  Red  Fir. — CaUlornia,  Mount 
Shasta,  south  along  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  to  Kern  County.  A  large  tree,  61  to  76  metres 
in  height,  with  a  trunk  2.40  to  3  metres  in  diameter, 
forming  about  the  base  of  Mount  Shasta  extensive 
forests  between  4900  and  8000  feet  elevation  ;  farther 
south  less  common,  and  reaching  an  extreme  elevation 
of  10,000  feel.  Wood  light,  soft,  not  strong,  rather 
close-grained,  compact,  satiny,  durable  in  contact  with 
the  soil,  hable  to  twist  and  warp  in  seasoning  ;  bands  of 
small  summer  cells  broad,  resinous,  dark  coloured,  con- 
spicuous :  medullary  rays  numerous,  thin  ;  colour  light 
red,  the  sap-wood  somewhat  darker  ;  specific  gravity, 
0.4701  :  ash,  0.30  ;  largely  used  for  fuel,  and  occasion- 
ally manufactured  into  coarse  lumber." 

Turning  now  to  the  magnifica  of  gardens  our  diffi- 
culties begin.  In  the  first  place  we  may  cite  the 
following  letter  from  an  obliging  correspondent  in 
Devonshire  : — 

"  But  to  return  to  the  P.  magnifica,  v.  P.  nobilis.  I 
will  here  repeat  the  distinctive  characteristics  (other  than 
shown  in  the  sections  of  the  leaves),  which  I  find  in  my 
specimens. 

"  P.  magnifica  \=nobilis  robusta\ — Twenty-five  years 
planted,  coneless,  more  rigid,  less  spreading,  and 
branches  more  formally  arranged,  lower  branches  annu- 
ally dying  back  up  to  at  least  one-third  ol  the  height  of 
the  tree,  though  the  upper  two-thirds  appear  healthy  and 
vigorous. 

"  P.  nobilis.  —  Cones  early  and  abundant,  branches 
feathering  to  the  ground,  and  more  graceful  and  sweep- 
ing, and  of  irregular  length.  Cones  for  the  last  few 
years  brown  and  showing  none  of  the  beautiful  purple 
colour  they  bore  formerly — a  character  always  mentioned 
in  botanical  descriptions.  I  cannot  imderstand  this 
change  of  character  in  the  same  specimen." 

The  habit  of  the  first-mentioned  tree  as  described 
by  our  correspondent,  the  form  of  the  leaf-section  and 
its  strucure,  as  observed  by  us,  are  quite  those  of  the 
tree  generally  grown  as  magnifica  (  =  nobilis  robusta), 
but  at  the  very  base  of  some  of  the  leaves  there  is  an 
indication  of  a  groove  as  in  nobilis,  while  the  true 
magnifica  is  destitute  of  any  appearance  of  a  groove. 

In  September  last  Mr.  Heale,  the  manager  of  the 
Cranston  Nursery  Company,  was  so  obliging  as  to 
send  'he  magnificent  cones  figured  at  fig.  147,  p.  657. 
These  were  sent  under  the  name  Abies  magnifica, 
with  two  shoots,  one  from  a  sterile  branch,  the  other 
from  the  cone-bearing  tree.  The  tree  is  stated  to  be 
about  16  feet  in  height.  Here  was  a  revelation.  To 
what  species  could  these  superb  cones  belong  ?  Cer- 
tainly not  to  typical  nobilis,  equally  certainly  not  to 
typical  magnifica.  The  leaves  of  the  Cranston  mag- 
nifica were  all  more  or  less  four-sided,  and  while  those 
on  the  cone-bearing  branch  were  not  grooved  at  all 
those  on  the  sterile  branches  were  grooved  at  the 
base.  Thus,  so  far  as  leaf-characters  go,  the  speci- 
men combined  the  characters  of  both  Abies  nobilis 
and  of  Abies  magnifica. 

On  looking  to  ihe  olive-brown  cones  the  first  thing 
to    attract  attention  was  the  projecting    bracts   of   a 


superb  golden-brown  colour  not  bent  downwards,  as 
they  always  are  in  nobilis,  but  projecting  horizontally. 
Then  again  the  general  shape,  thick,  ovate-oblong, 
blunt,  broadest  near  the  base,  is  difterent  from  the  more 
slender  cylindric-conic  cone  of  nobilis,  and  but  for  the 
projecting  bract,  much  more  like  that  of  magnifica 
(true). 

Now  after  several  weeks  that  the  cone  has  lain  on 
our  study-table  for  us  to  feast  our  eyes  on  its  beauty 
and  endeavour  to  come  to  some  conclusion  as  to  its 
identity,  we  see  that  the  bracts  on  one  side  of  the 
cone — that  on  which  the  cone  has  rested  on  the 
table — have  become  bent  downwards  as  in  nobilis, 
while  on  the  other  side  of  the  cone  they  still  mostly 
project  at  right  angles,  though  some  show  a  tendency 
to  reflex  ;  moreover,  the  bracts  are  larger,  broader, 
and  more  deeply  notched  at  the  edges  than  in 
ordinary  nobilis.  In  spite  of  their  greater  breadth, 
the  bracts  are  farther  apart,  so  that  they  leave 
uncovered  spiral  spaces,  while  in  nobilis  the  scales 
are  generally,  but  not  always,  completely  concealed. 
It  must  be  remembered  also  that  Mr.  Syme  described 
and  figured  scales  of  what  he  considered  to  be  mag- 
nifica, also  from  the  Cranston  Nursery,  but  in  which 
the  bracts  were  longer  than  the  scale,  as  in  nobilis, 
but  inflexed,  not  bent  down  as  in  nobilis  (see  fig.  148, 
details).  We  conclude,  then,  from  the  evidence  before 
us,  that  the  Cranston  magnifica  is  a  form  of  nobilis, 
that  it  is  probably  the  same  as  that  grown  in  most 
nurseries  as  magnifica,  and  in  some  as  nobilis  robusta. 

The  true  magnifica  is  likely  enough  to  exist  in 
English  gardens,  but,  so  far,  we  have  no  positive 
evidence  that  it  does.  It  may  be  that  the  magnifica  of 
gardens  and  of  the  Cranston  Company  is  a  variety  of 
magnifica,  or  it  may  be  an  intermediate  link  between 
nobilis  and  magnifica,  in  which  case,  of  course,  there 
would  be  but  one  species,  and  which,  according  to 
botanical  usage,  should  bear  the  oldest  name,  i.e.,  nobi- 
lis ;  or,  again,  it  may  be  that  there  are  two  species, 
magnifica  and  nobilis,  and  that  this  is  a  hybrid 
between  them,  but  that  is  a  point  we  cannot  determine. 
In  any  case,  we  may  fairly  congratulate  the  Cranston 
Company  on  being  the  certain  possessors  of  a  form 
which,  if  not  entitled  formally  to  bear  the  name  mag- 
nifica, at  least  deserves  to.  We  are,  however,  of 
opinion,  that  it  is  a  form  of  nobilis,  and  probably  the 
form  called  nobilis  robusta  in  gardens,  as  also  by 
Carri^re,  whose  description  we  append  : — 

"Abies  nobilis  robusta,  Veitch  ;  Abies  amabiUs,  Hor. 
non  Forbes  ;  Picea  amabilis  magnifica,  Hort.  ;  Picea 
amabilis,  Hort.  Angl.  ;  Picea  magnifica,  Hort.  ;  Piceat 
amabilis  robusta,  Hort.  aliq.  ;  Abies  magnifica,  Hort. 
aliq. — This  form,  which  is  found  at  present  in  commerce 
under  the  name  of  Abies  amabilis,  has  the  following 
characteristics  :— Branches  verticillate,  crowded,  very 
spreading.  Branches  and  branchlets  distichous  (in  two 
rows),  leaves  very  numerous  and  turning  upwards, 
nearly  completely  hiding  the  upper  surlace  of  the  branch, 
narrow,  sometimes  subtetragonal  or  rhomboid,  usually 
falcate,  slightly  twisted,  and  raised  at  the  tips.  When 
the  trees  grow  older  the  leaves  become  wider  and  more 
regularly  arranged,  and  the  trees  then  much  resemble 
A.  nobilis.  These  plants  seem  to  be  very  variable,  so 
that  Irom  the  same  seeds  several  very  distinct  varieties 
may  easily  be  picked  out.  These  perhaps  soon  lose 
their  exceptional  characters.  Nevertheless,  A.  nobilis 
robusta  is  much  more  easy  to  raise  than  A.  nobilis,  is 
much  preferable  to  the  latter,  and  is  hkely  to  replace  it." 

The  following  points  of  distinction  may  be  of 
service  :  — 

Abies  nobilis  (fig.  146). — Buds,  as  compared  with 
those  of  nobilis  robusta,  early  to  start  in  spring  ; 
leaves  |— I  inch  long,  stoutish,  curved  upwards, 
usually  flat  and  grooved  on  their  upper  surface  for 
nearly  their  whole  length,  flat  and  lozenge-shaped  at 
the  apex  on  the  lower  side,  on  older  branches  more 
four-sided  and  grooved  at  the  base  only  ;  cones 
cylindric  conic,  tapering  to  the  point,  bracts  pro- 
jecting, usually  deflexed,  concealing  the  scales. — 
Cascade  Mountains,  Oregon,  Douglas  type  !  ;  Engel- 
mann and  Sergeant  !  ;  Gardiner  1 

Var.  robtista  (fig.  147).— Branches  formally  verticil- 
late,  uniform,  young  bark  purplish-brown.  Buds 
not  developed  till  late  in  spring,  leaves  on  the 
leader-shoot  spirally  appressed,  those  on  the 
lateral  shoots  upturned,  ascending,  straighter 
than  in  nobilis  proper  ;  leaves  on  the  sterile 
branches  slender,  straight  or  curved,  more  or 
less  tour-sided  in  section,  grooved  at  the  base 
only  on  the  upper  surface  ;  leaves  on  the  fertile 
branches  stouter,  shorter,  all  upturned,  four- 
sided,  ribbed  on  both  surfaces,  and  not  at  all 
grooved.  Cones  ovate,  oblong-obtuse.  Bracts 
at  first  projecting  horizontally  (afterwards 
deflexed  ?). 

A.  nobilis  robusta,  Carriire  et  Hort.  ;  A. 
magnifica,  Hort.  (query,  of  Murray  and  Engel- 
mann). 

A.  magnifica  (fig.  148). — Leaves  slender,  curved 
at  the  base  only,  straight  elsewhere,  four-sided,  not 
grooved  at  all,  on  older  branches  thicker,  more 
curved.  Cones  thick,  oblong-obtuse.  Bracts  usually, 
but  not  always,  concealed.— California,  Sierra  Nevada, 
Lobb.  441,  type  ! ;  Jefttey,  Oregon,  14S0  !  ;  Roezl  1 
M.  T.  M. 


NOVEMDPR    21,    1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


f>53 


Fig.  146,— ABIES  NOBiLis.    (see  p.  652.] 


WOBURN     ABBEY.  deavoured    partially    to    describe,     t    reached    lliis  been  published,    so    I    have   Bo   reading  made   easy 

(ConchuttJ  from  t  6,6)  earthly  paradise  OH  a    lovely   day   in   June,  and    felt  at  hand  to  assist    me   in   this   sketch;   and  if  I  dip 

,               ,              '   "  "  """       '"  myself,  within  them,  nearer  Heaven  than  I  had  ever  into  this  great  tome  and  that,  other  places  which  await 

DO  not  know  any  gardens  and  pleasure  grounds  been  before,  and  very  grateful  to  the  Dukes  of  tied-  reporting  may  wither  and  turn  brown  in  the  waning 

more  easily  reached  from  the  house  and  more  retired  ford,  past  and   present,   and  especially  to  John  the  summer  before  lean  reach  them.  John  the  First  having 

ana    aeiigniiul  than   those   which    I   have   thus   en-  Second.     A   history    of    Bedfordshire    has    not   yet  beenthesheep-sheater, JohntheSecond.asIhavecalled 


6S4 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  la 


him,  was  the  author  and  plsnt  collector,  who  died  in 
1839.  HaviriE  weak  health  he  kept  much  at  home, 
but  occupied  himself  woithily,  as  his  own  works  and 
those  of  Forbes  and  Sinclair  suggest. 

I  have  omitted  to  mention  an  Oak  tree  of  great 
beauty  standing  at  a  corner  where  you  can  enter  the 
grounds  from  the  park — a  stately  sentinel,  drooping 
its  branches  to  the  ground.  The  trunk  is  21  feet  in 
ginh  at  4  feet  high,  and  lefty,  as  are  all  the 
trees  of  Woburn,  owing  to  the  depth  of  the  soil, 
vhich  is  a  good  clay  on  sand.  The  branches 
are  slender,  so  that  all  the  timber  is  in  the 
trunk,  and  the  leaves  are  long-stalked,  the 
species  being  Quercus  sessiliflora,  the  best  of  the 
English  Oaks,  as  are  all  those  on  the  estate.  Near 
this  tree  is  a  variegated  Oak,  which  no  tree  lover 
would  pass  without  notice  ;  and  on  walking  on  along 
the  outer  pathway  furthest  from  the  house,  which  was 
as  yet  buried  among  the  tiees,  we  reached  a  small 
ornamental  temple,  from  which  extends  a  wide  avenue 
of  Deodar  Cedars,  with  a  row  of  plants  of  the  Pam- 
pas-grass in  front  of  each  row  of  Cedars.  At  the 
end  of  this  avenue  is  seen  the  cupola  of  the  riding- 
i:hool.  Few  plants  fpr  shrubberies  are  more  graceful 
than  the  Liburoum,  which  abounds  here.  I  observed 
one  particularly  beautiful  clump  of  shrubs  and  trees, 
including  Laburnums,  the  flowering  Ash,  Lilacs,  a 
cut-leaved  Weepmg  Birch,  Wcigela  rosea,  some 
evergreens,  and  a  great  Oak,  with  Ivy  trailing  about 
the  butt.  As  an  object  of  curiosity,  a  Paper  Birch, 
yielding  many  layers  of  thin  bark,  attracts  no'ice ;  and 
f 'r  its  iaige  measurement  of  timber  a  Cedar  of 
Lebanon,  opposite  the  couth  front  of  the  hou-e,  with 
a  trunk  14  feet  9  inches  in  girth  at  5  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  towering  upwards  to  the  crown  with 
very  little  diminution  of  size  to  a  height  of  60  feet. 
The  head  of  branches  soars  another  60  feet,  and  for 
years  a  pair  of  ravens  had  their  nest  at  the  top,  and  a 
man  somehow  reached  it  sometimes  by  ladder  and 
rope,  though  an  icelierg  would  be  climbed  as  easily 
as  that  great  smooth  trunk  up  to  the  crown.  The 
tree  stands  in  the  park  near  the  highest  of  the  string 
of  ponds.  A  Cedar  of  Lebanon  graces  the  lawn, 
too,  with  a  surpiising  quaniiiy  of  limber  in  the  vast 
bole,  which  measures  14  feet  at  5  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  runs  up  (ar  an  almost  undimished  trunk.  A 
Silver  Fir.  planied  in  1745  to  commemorate  the 
batile  of  Culloden,  has  a  portion  of  irs  butt  remain- 
ing 10  ftet  in  circumference,  the  tree  having  formerly 
been  ijo  feet  high  till  the  wind  snapped  it. 

The  lawn,  extending  from  the  library,  or  south 
front  of  the  house,  is  separated  from  the  park  by  a 
«unk  fence  and  balustrade,  and  from  the  house  itself 
by  a  broad  fiag  pavement,  which  forms  at  all  seasons 
a  dry  and  clean  promenade.  The  bedding  system, 
which  custom  established  here  for  a  time,  has  now 
been  replaced  by  a  less  gorgeous  and  more  enduring 
method  of  ornamentation,  by  means  of  smooth  grass, 
a  few  raised  beds  covered  with  Ivy,  and  many  marble 
and  bronze  vases. 

Mr.  ?"orbes'  account  of  the  kitchen  garden  includes 
plates  of  the  various  hothouses  in  the  forcing  depart- 
ment of  what  was  then  a  very  extensive  establish- 
ment, the  methods  of  cultivating  the  various  fruits 
or  vegetables,  from  the  Pine,  "  the  king  of  fruits,"  to 
the  Melon  and  the  Mushroom.  The  houses  are 
admirably  constructed  with  iron  doors,  and  lights 
well  glazed  with  iron  frames  and  copper  bars.  At 
the  age  of  more  than  half  a  century  they  look  as  good 
as  new.  There  are  three  Peach-houses  in  the  kitchen 
garden,  with  iron  framework  on  the  back  wall,  and 
in  front  covered  with  trained  Peach  trees,  seven 
vineries,  and  five  plant-houses,  with  forcing-pits. 
After  November  Asparagus  never  fails  to  appear  at 
table,  nor  cut  flowers  in  that  unreasonable  profusion 
which  modern  fashion,  for  I  will  not  call  it  taste, 
require!.  During  the  past  seven  or  eight  years  the 
word  has  gone  forth  from  drawing-rooms  and 
dinner-tables,  "  We  mean  to  be  immoderate  in  regard 
to  cut  flowers;"  and,  of  course,  with  gardeners,  to 
hear  is  to  obey  :  so  they  must  needs  go  on  growing 
and  mowing  by  the  acre  till  a  natural  taste  for  living 
specimens  shall  have  replaced  the  prevailing  rage. 
Meanwhile  Mr.  McKay,  the  head  gardener  at  Woburn 
Abbey,  has  been  relieved  from,  the  excessive  forcing 
of  fruits.  The  growing  of  Pines  has  been  abandoned, 
wisely,  I  think,  on  the  principle  of  sound  trade,  since 
the  article  in  question  can  be  grown  more  advan- 
tageously in  Bermuda,  at  St.  Michael's,  Antigua,  and 
at  the  Azores,  and  connoisseurs  have  failed  to  dis- 
tinguish between  the  best  imported  Pines  and  those 
of  home  growth, 


In  the  centre  of  the  range  of  houses  a  visitor  will 
be  interested  to  enter  a  desseit-room  where  the  guests 
at  the  Abbey,  including  statesmen  of  both  parties,  have 
come  down  on  summer  evenings  to  enjny  fresh  fruit 
without  politics-  The  room  is  plainlylurnished  in  the 
style  of  lifty  years  ago,  and  it  looks  out  upon  the  cent- 
ral walk  of  the  kitchen  garden,  and  a  mote  perfect 
kitchen  garden  could  not  be  imagined.  Four  acres  are 
enclosed  within  the  walls,  and  on  either  side  of  the 
walls  are  rows  of  pyramids  and  bushes  of  various  fruits. 
Outside  the  walls  is  the  park,  where  the  ground  front- 
ing the  dessert-room  rises  rather  abruptly,  forming  a 
slope  in  which  Oaks,  Beeches,  and  Spanish  Chestnuts 
are  beautifully  grouped,  and  as  the  land  is  good  the 
trees  are  large,  tall  in  trunk  and  great  in  girth.  A 
Spanish  Chestnut  in  the  strip  of  garden  outside  the 
wall  measures  iS  feet  10  inches  in  circumference  at 
5  feet  from  the  ground,  and  a  great  Apple  tree  near  it, 
a  Hambledon  Deux-ans,  is  probably  the  largest  in  the 
county.  Its  girth  is  7  feet  4  inches  at  5  feet  high, 
and  the  three  leading  branches  which  spring  I'rom  the 
crown,  spread  grandly  over  a  space  4S  feet  in  diameter, 
the  tree  forming  a  great  dome  like  the  roof  of  the 
Albert  Hall,  perfectly  well  proportioned.  It  yields  a 
crop  of  40  bushels  in  good  seasons. 

These  details  show  that  the  kitchen  garden  is  a 
sheltered  nook.  It  is  a  place  of  retirement,  made 
doubly  interesting  by  scientific  horticulture  and  the 
special  industry  of  those  experts  and  intelligent  men 
whom  you  may  find  and  converse  with,  cither  in  the 
garden  or  among  the  Vew-fenced  forcing-pits  outside. 
The  Duke  has  his  private  entrance  to  the  Utchen 
garden,  and  here  both  Mr.  Gladstone  and  Lord 
Beaconsfield  have  found  the  pleasure  that  warriors 
roust  experience  at  some  cool  spring  when  resting 
from  the  combat.  Mr.  Gladstone  brought  his  axe, 
and  I  saw  a  tree,  sere  and  dead,  and  stretched  at 
length,  and  evidently  a  relic.  It  was  a  Ccdrus 
Deodara,  26  inches  across  the  severed  butt,  with  grain 
so  tough  that  the  chips  the  illustrious  woodman 
made  were  but  small  :  yet  he  overturned  it  in  twenty- 
five  minutes. 

The  excellent  gardener's  house— and  the  adjective 
describes  bo;h  the  house  and  the  man  — was  built  by 
the  Duke  John  who  quitted  this  paradise  in  1839, 
In  one  o!  the  rooms  is  Mr.  McKay's  "Gladstone 
Corner,"  where  the  frame  of  the  statesman's  portrait 
is  ornamented  by  polished  Elm  chips  from  Hawarden. 
Another  frame,  similarly  ornamented,  contains  the 
following  testimonial  :— "  In  great  admiration  of  the 
fruit  and  flowers,  especially  of  some  of  the  finest, 
if  not  the  very  finest.  Grapes  I  ever  saw.  /('.  E. 
Gladstone,  Ocl.  24,  1S78." 

One  could  not  help  lingering  in  such  a  corner, 
where  I  was  allowed  to  open  a  small  casket  of  Oak 
crusted  with  chips  from  Mr.  Gladstone's  outdoor 
workshop,  and  within  the  precious  depository  I  found 
a  copy  of  the  "  Homer"  which  Mr.  Gladstone  pre- 
pared for  one  of  the  series  ol '.Literature  Fiimers, 
edited  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Green,  with  a  proof  on  the  title- 
page  of  how  a  statesman  may  esteem  a  gardener.  It 
is  in  the  author's  own  handwriting,  and  is  as  follows  : 
— "Mr.  A.  McKay,  with  the  author's  best  wishes. 
Jan.  1S83"  These  are  pleasing  records;  they  remind 
one  of  a  sentiment  in  the  speech  of  Portia,  when  she 
played  the  lawyer  in  the  "  Merchant  of  Venice." 
"Mercy,"  she  says,  ''is  twice  blessed;  it  blesses 
him  that  gives  and  him  that  takes."  H.  E. 


|rrl|td  lotts  and  Ibiitiirp. 


ORCHIDS  IM  ENGL.WD. 
M.  GODEFROY-LEDEt;F  makes  some  observations  in 
the  la^t  number  of  the  OnkiJophiU  which  are  worth 
attention.  He  is  comparing  Orchids  in  France  and 
in  England,  and  while  giving  the  palm  to  the  latter 
in  the  matter  of  cultivation,  he  claims  for  his  ov/n 
countrymen  a  wider  and  more  catholic  choice  of  sub- 
jects. No  doubt  we  here  run  too  much  on  Caltleyas 
and  Odontoglossums,  as  if  there  were  no  other  Orchids 
worth  growing  ;  but  there  is  a  fashion  in  these  things, 
and  some  day  the  turn  of  the  Stanhopeas  and  other 
now  neglected  genera  will  come.  Phalatnopsids  are, 
says  M.  Godefroy,  better  cultivated  in  France  than 
here. 

Orchids  at  Lake  House,  Cheltenham. 
There   is  just  not*  a  splendid   specimen  of  this 
Orchid    in  bloom  in  the  collection  of   G.  Nevile 


Wyatt,  Esq.,  Lake  House,  Cheltenham.  The  plant 
has  ninety  blooms  expanded,  and,  having  clean 
foliage  and  abundance  of  healthy  roots,  is  really  a 
beautiful  sight,  worth  m.aking  a  journey  to  see.  There 
is  a  grand  plant  also  of  the  rare  Cymbidium  sfiine 
with  six  beautiful  spikes  of  sweet-scented  blooms  ; 
the  Bolleas  and  Pescatoreas  are  still  in  rude  health, 
and  nearly  always  in  bloom.  J.  Cypher. 

Orchids  in  Bloom. 
In  Mr.  J.  Cypher's  nursery,  Cheltenham,  there  is  a 
fine  plant  of  Aerides  Lawrenceanum  with  a  spike 
bearing  twenty-four  fine  blooms  ;  Vanda  Sanderiana, 
with  a  spike  of  ten  flowers  ;  and  a  fine  lot  of 
Cypripedium  Spicerianum. 

Vitality  of  Orchids. 
"While  there  is  life  there  is  hope"  is  an  adage 
specially  applicable  to  Orchids,  and  more  particularly 
imported  ones.  It  is  astonishing  how  shrivelled  and 
appirently  dried  up  plants,  such  as  Odontoglossums 
and  Dendrobiums,  recover  and  push  into  vigorous 
gro*th  under  favourable  treatment.  "Certainly," 
some  one  says ;  "  but  the  rub  is  in  those  two  last  words, 
for  we  are  often  at  a  loss  to  know  what  that  treatment 
is  which  is  favourable."  A  few  months  ago  we  had  a 
number  of  Orchids  sent  to  us  from  Moulmein,  and 
among  them  were  several  stems  of  Aerides  maculo- 
sum,  which  were  leafless,  dried  quite  brown,  sU  the 
roots  shrivelled  and  dead,  no  sign  o(  life  being  present 
anywhere  except  in  the  heart  of  the  stem.  As  an 
experiment,  but  with  little  hope  of  success,  we  hung 
these  stems  up  in  a  tropical  moist  stove — a  propa- 
gating-pit,  really — and  left  them  to  grow  or  die,  as 
they  chose.  To  our  surprise  the  stems  plumped  out, 
in  a  few  weeks  they  pushed  forth  buds,  which  rapidly 
developed  into  quite  strong  flower  racemes,  and 
opened  most  satisfactorily.  After  the  flowers  were 
over  the  leaves  grew  from  several  points  in  the  stem, 
and  now  these  stems,  which  last  midsummer  were 
merely  dried-up  sticks,  are  healthy  well-furnished 
little  specimens,  and  look  as  if  they  had  been  in  good 
health  for  years.  To  those  who  have  not  had  much 
experience  v;iih  imported  Orchids  this  note  will  have 
special  value.  I  know  that  these  dried-up  plants, 
when  newly  imported,  often  give  more  satisfaction 
than  well  established  ones.   VV. 

Orchids  on  Walls. 
Those  old-fashioned  lean-to  houses  with  tall  back 
walls  are  still  in  existence  in  some  gardens,  though 
the  houses  we  build  now-a-days  are  simply  enormous 
glass  cases— glass  at  the  sides  from  the  ground  up- 
wards almost,  as  well  as  at  the  top.  But  there  are  a 
good  many  Orchids,  as  well  as  other  plants,  which 
delight  to  have  their  roots  fixed  in  the  moist  cool 
crevices  of  old  stone  walls,  in  preference  to  being 
attached  to  bits  of  wood,  or  fixed  in  baskets,  and 
hung  up  in  such  a  manner  as  to  have  light  and  heat 
about  their  roots  exactly  as  about  their  tops.  It  must 
be  evident  to  any  one  who  is  acquainted  with  the  con- 
ditions under  which  many  epiphytal  Orchids  grow 
when  wild,  that  the  latter  treatment  is  a  poor  imita- 
tion of  the  natural  condition  as  regards  a  base  for  the 
roots  ;  whilst,  on  the  other  hand,  an  old  wall— or  a 
new  one,  for  that  matter— would  afford  a  good  substi- 
tute for  the  moist  cool  trunk  o(  a  tree.  I  saw,  a  few 
days  ago,  a  beautiful  specimen  of  the  rare  Vanda 
Cathcartii  growing  upon  such  a  wall.  The  plant  was 
about  8  feet  high,  freely  branched,  and  showed  signs 
of  being  very  soon  rich  in  flowers,  the  racemes  push- 
ing out  from  the  stems  in  the  most  gratifying  way. 
There  are  many  Orchids  to  which  such  a  position  as 
this  would  be  particularly  well  adapted— Renanthera 
coccinea,  Vanda  ccerulea,  V.  Denisoniana,  some  of 
the  Phalsenopsids  and  Aerides,  being  a  few  of  them. 
W. 

Saccslabium  Dlumei. 

This  Orchid  appears  to  be  very  abundant  in  its 
native  haunts,  judging  by  the  large  quantities  of  it 
imported  annually,  and  sold  at  a  very  moderate  rate 
in  the  auction  rooms.  And  perhaps  it  is  fortunate 
that  this  species  is  plentiful,  as  otherwise  we  should 
most  probably  find  it  rare  in  English  collections.  Of 
all  East  Indian  Orchids  it  is  perhaps  the  worst  to 
prevent  from  suffering  from  that  terrible  outward  and 
visible  sign  of  an  internal  sickness  or  weakness— I 
mean,  o(  course,  spot ;  and  when  once  the  plants 
show  signs  of  this  it  is  almost  impossible  to  keep 
them  from  gradually  weakening  and  dying,  or  be- 
coming unfit  to  look  at.  Such,  at  any  rate,  is  my 
experience  with  this  Orchid,  and  so  far  as  I  can  learn 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


655 


it  is  the  same  with  others  who  admire  this  beautiful 
plant  ;  for  it  Is  beautiful,  its  !ung  fox-brush-like  pen- 
dent spikes  of  sweetly-scented  rose  and  white  flowers 
being  equal  in  grace  and  beauty  to  any  other  Sjcco- 
labium.  A  high  temperature  is  sure  to  bring  on  spot 
in  a  few  months  ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  a  low  or 
intermediate  and  rather  airy  house  prevents  spot  for  a 
year  or  two.  But  the  end  comes  much  too  soon,  even 
when  the  plants  are  kept  moderately  cool.  It  is,  of 
course,  possible  that  my  experience,  and  also  that  of 
my  friends,  is  exceptional  with  regard  to  this  Sicco- 
labium,  and  there  may  be  those  who  succeed  in  keep- 
ing it  healthy  year  after  year  without  any  trouble.  If 
this  be  so  I  need  hardly  say  that  I  and  my  fellows  in 
failure  shall  be  glad  to  know  in  what  that  success 
consists.   W, 

Dendrobium  formosum  giganteum. 
I  have  here  in  flower  a  Dendrobium  formosum 
giganteum  in  a  32-pot.  It  has  two  pseudobulbs, 
carrying  respectively  tive  and  six  flowers,  which  have 
been  in  bloom  for  upwards  of  a  month,  the  bulbs 
themselves  being  about  10  inches  long.  I  understand 
this  variety  is  seldom  found  flowering  satisfactorily. 
J.  A. 


FOI^ESTF\Y. 

HEDGING    AND    THE    FORMATION    OF    NEW 

HEDGES 
Should  now  be  well  in  hand,  and  brought  to  a  close 
as  early  in  the  present  month  as  circumstances  permit. 
The  ground  intended  for  the  reception  of  Quicks 
should  be  well  prepared  by  deep  digging  or  trench- 
ing, previous  to  which  it  is  at  all  times  advisable  to 
add  a  good  coating  of  thoroughly  decayed  farmyard 
manure.  From  3  to  4  feet  in  width,  and  about 
2  feet  in  depth,  will  be  sufHcient  dimensions  to  trench 
or  dig  in  preparing  the  ground.  When  trenching, 
form  the  soil  into  a  small  ridge  rising  above  the  level 
of  the  surrounding  ground,  as  it  is  found  that  Quicks 
succeed  better  on  slightly  elevated  than  in  hollow  situ- 
ations. In  planting  the  Thorns  stretch  a  garden  line 
along  the  prepared  surface,  and  take  out  a  notch  of 
sufficient  size  to  contain  the  roots  of  the  plants  with- 
out doubling  up  or  cramping  ihem.  The  plants 
should  then  be  inserted  in  the  trench  made  for  iheir 
reception  at  6  inches  apart,  the  roots  being  spread 
out  to  their  full  extent  and  covered  with  soil.  Should 
a  double  row  of  Quick  be  desired  shift  the  line  and 
proceed  as  before,  keeping  the  plants  at  the  same 
distance  apart  and  the  rows  at  from  6  to  9  inches 
from  each  other  as  may  from  the  plants'  size  be  found 
practicable.  Little  attention  save  a  bi-annual  clean- 
ing and  hoeing  will  be  required  for  the  first  three  or 
four  years,  after  which  a  slight  pruning  of  the  long 
and  straggling  shoots  will  induce  even  growth.  When 
the  fence  has  attained  the  full  size  intended,  annual 
trimming  with  the  shears  or  switching  knife  should 
be  attended  to,  as  well  as  an  occasional  cleaning  of 
the  adjoining  soil,  thus  inducing  healthy  free  growth, 
and  preserving  the  shape  and  appearance  of  the 
fence. 

Roads,  &c. 
Where  roads  and  drives  require  repairing  no  lime 
should  be  lost  in  having  such  completed  ;  walks 
gravelled  and  rolled,  and  all  intruding  tree  branches 
cut  back  and  removed.  Stones  should,  if  possible, 
be  put  on  during  the  present  month,  as  they  are 
more  likely  to  bind  and  consolidate  than  if  put  on 
later  in  the  season.  A  slight  coating  of  gravel,  or 
screenings,  and  heavy  rolling  after  rain  will  materially 
assist  the  stones  in  setting,  and  so  form  a  permanent 
and  smooth  road  in  the  shortest  time.  In  repairing 
roads,  or  forming  new  ones,  too  little  attention  is 
usually  given  to  their  drainage,  but  when  it  is  remem- 
bered that  on  this,  to  a  great  extent  at  least,  depends 
their  usefulness  and  durability,  it  will  be  seen  that 
thorough  drainage  is  a  necessity  to  a  well-made  road. 
Loose,  rolling  stones  are  neither  safe  not  pleasant  on 
roadways,  so  have  all  such  either  broken  and  well 
levelled  dowD,  or  collected  and  removed. 

Thk  Nursery. 
In  the  nursery  continue  to  trench  and  lay  all 
vacant  ground  in  ridges,  exposing  as  much  of  the  sur- 
face of  the  soil  as  can  be  well  done.  Those  who  have 
home  nurseries  should  never  lift  more  plants  in  one  day 
than  can  be  planted  in  one  or  two  days— quick 
removals   ensuring   greater  success  in  planting  than 


where  the  trees  are  allowed  to  remain  "  sheughcd  " 
for  some  time  previous  to  their  final  despatch.  Tree 
seeds  may  £till  be  collected  during  dry  weather, 
those  of  the  coniferous  secliin  being  invariably  late 
in  ripening  this  season.  This  is  a  good  lime,  to 
secure  a  collection  of  leaves  for  rotting  ;  to  improve 
lawns  by  a  heavy  top-dressing  of  compost,  to  dig 
shrubberies,  and  to  trim  and  clear  neglected  fences. 
Open  drains  and  culverts  will  require  constant  atten- 
tion during  the  winter  months,  as  they  will,  in  many 
cases,  be  apt  to  get  choked  with  accumulalions  of 
leaves,  branches,  and  orher  debris.  A.  D.  IVcds/c; 
rcnrhyn  Castle,  North  Ifa/ts. 


\m\h  and  tl|eiti  i|ultui!^ 


STOVES. 
These  structures  will  no  doubt  be  arranged  prior 
to  this  for  the  first  part  of  the  winter  season.  If  not 
seen  to  do  not  let  any  further  delay  occur  in  the 
removal  to  safe  quarters  of  all  plants  that  are  suscep- 
tible to  injury  from  a  sudden  fall  of  the  temperature. 
Many  stove  plants  are  often  fatally  injured  or  partially 
crippled  by  allowinf^  them  to  remain  in  too  low  a 
temperature  for  a  few  weeks.  The  Clerodendrons 
are  most  susceptible  to  injury  from  this  cause,  as  are 
also  the  Caladiums.  The  complaint  often  made  in 
the  springtime,  that  the  stock  of  Caladiums  is  alTeoted 
with  the  dry  rot,  causing  a  serious  lessening  of  the 
store,  can  usually  be  traced  to  the  abnve  cause. 
Gloxinias  also  suffer,  but  not  so  quickly  as  Cala- 
diums ;  Allamandas  and  Bougainvilleas  must  not  be 
trifled  with  either.  A  heated  pit  is  a  capital  place 
for  all  of  these,  /ind  kindred  subjects  that  for  the  time 
being  are  not  of  any  ornament.  A  pit  in  which  the 
minimum  temperature  is  not  above  60°  will  suit  such 
stock  as  this.  As  to  their  other  treatment  it  is  neces- 
sary to  obEerve  that  a  too  severe  withholding  of  water 
from  the  roots  will  have  an  injurious  effect  on  the 
vitality  of  the  plants.  Allamandas  and  other  plants 
that  make  much  sappy  growth,  should  have  the  shoots 
severely  reduced  prior  to  being  stored  for  the  winter. 
In  order  to  facilitate  matters  in  the  way  of  getting 
more  room,  any  specimen  plants  may  be  taken  from 
off  their  trellises  when  such  means  of  training  have 
been  employed  ;  this  will  considerably  increase  the 
room,  and  give  an  opportunity  to  have  the  wirework 
or  stakes  cleaned  and  painted. 

Climbing  Plants 
in  the  stove  that  are  turned  out  of  pots  or  trained  up 
the  rafters  should,  in  the  case  of  summer  flowering 
kinds,  be  considerably  thinned  out  (this  advice  will 
embracethemajorportionof  the  stock),  by  which  means 
more  light  will  reach  the  plants  beneath  them,  and  to 
attain  this  object  we  have  recently  been  compelled 
for  the  sake  of  the  plants  to  wash  from  the  outside  of 
theglassof  our  houses  all  the  accumulations  of  soot  an! 
dirt  which  are  always  found  in  the  proximity  of  large 
towns.  In  the  stove  at  this  season  spare  time  should 
be  utilised  in  cleansing  plants,  particularly  the  fine- 
foliage  section.  Where  mealy-bug  is  found,  this  will 
be  a  good  time  to  use  every  endeavour  to  get  rid  of 
the  pest.  It  is  not  so  much  a  question  of  this  or 
that  insecticide,  but  rather  the  lack  of  perseverance 
and  determination  to  exterminate,  at  all  cost  for  the 
time  being,  this  enemy  of  the  stove  house,  that  accounts 
for  their  presence  in  some  gardens,  James  Hudson, 
Gunnershurv  House,  Ailon,  W. 


|h({  |ai;(l!J  |iiuit  |ard(in. 


Recently  planted  trees  in  orchards  should  be  care- 
fully watched  where  hares  or  rabbits  abound,  as  they 
are  sure  to  find  out  any  fresh  trees  that  may  have  been 
planted  to  fill  up  gaps  where  trees  have  died,  and  in  a 
single  night  may  destroy  a  number  of  them  by  eating 
off  the  bark  all  round  the  stems.  The  plan  I  adopt 
to  prevent  this  is  to  mix  up  a  large  pailful  of  lime  and 
cow-dung  to  the  thickness  of  paint,  and  to  apply  this 
mixture  to  the  stems  of  trees  with  a  whitewash  brush. 
An  active  man  will  dress  .a  great  number  of  trees  in  a 
day  ;  should  heavy  rains  in  time  wash  it  off,  it  costs 
very  little  to  have  it  repeated,  and  I  fancy  the  trees 
are  all  the  healthier  for  the  dressing. 


Where  permanent  trees  are  to  be  planted  it  u  mo;.t 
import.in'  that  the  ground  should  he  ihorouiihly  fjre 
from  weeds,  as  no  amount  of  after-managtm^nt  will 
make  up  for  ihis  if  neglected  at  planting  time,  it  being 
impossible  to  clean  the  ground  thoroughly  after  the 
trees  are  planted.  I  have  seen  the  evil  eff^rcts  of  this 
neglect  many  limes,  and  have  an  orchard  of  Currants 
and  Gooseberries  in  view  that  has  been  planted  five 
or  six  years,  and  the  owner  thought  of  clearing  the 
ground  after  ihey  were  planted,  but  who  now  finds  out 
the  mistake  he  made,  and  all  the  bushes  will  have 
to  be  removed  before  it  is  possible  to  clear  the 
ground.  Success  cannot  be  expected  until  this  is 
done.  About  10  acres  of  ground  were  recently  added 
to  this  estate,  which  it  is  proposed  to  plant  with 
fruit  trees  such  as  Victoria  Plums  and  Prune  Dim- 
sons.  The  first  thing  we  are  doing  is  tn  thoroughly 
drain  it,  and  as  it  is  very  full  of  weeds,  it  will  be 
ploughed  up  in  spring  by  the  steam-plough,  and 
allowed  to  remain  fallow  during  the  summer,  taking 
care  to  have  it  thoroughly  cleaned  during  the  <?ry 
weather,  so  as  to  kill  all  perennial  weeds. 

Early  in  the  autumn  the  trees  will  be  planted,  and 
the  following  spring  a  crop  of  Oats  sown,  to  be  later 
in  spring  sown  down  with  the  seeds  of  permanent 
grass.  In  the  meantime  the  trees  are  purchased  and 
planted  out  in  nursery  rows,  so  that  they  can  be 
removed  with  plenty  of  fibry  roots.  J,  Smith,  Ment- 
more. 


MUSHROOM-HOUSE. 

Early  beds  will  now  be  in  full  bearing,  and  where 
houses  are  heated  by  hot-water  pipes  a  temperature 
ranging  from  55°  to  60°  shiuld  be  maintained.  If 
the  maximum  temperature  here  given  be  much 
exceeded,  early  exhausti'>n  of  the  beds  will  surely 
follow.  The  atmospheric  conditions  of  a  house  as 
regards  moisture  must  be  regulated  according  to  its 
position.  Many  houses  healed  by  hot  water,  which 
is  brought  into  constant  use  at  this  lime  of  jear,  are 
kept  much  too  dry  in  this  respect.  It  is  belter  to 
keep  the  atmosphere  well  charged  with  moisture  ihaa 
to  apply  much  water  directly  to  the  beds  ;  however, 
when  watering  the  latter,  sufficient  should  only  be 
used  to  permeate  the  soil  casing  the  beds.  Heavy 
waterings  are  injurious.  In  houses  where  beds  are 
formed  to  prevent  the  surface  drying  quickly,  a  slight 
covering  should  be  given  to  them  in  the  shape  of 
broken  straw,  such  as  market  growers  cover  their  out- 
side beds  wilh, 

Outside  Beds. 

The  greatest  difficulty  experienced  by  many  in  the 
managemeut  of  these  is  to  keep  slugs  and  woodlice 
from  destroying  the  young  Mushrooms  immediately 
they  peep  through  the  soil.  To  obviate  this  great 
care  must  be  bestowed  on  the  selection  of  the  soil  to 
be  used  for  casing  the  beds.  Good  loam,  and  not 
ordinary  garden  soil,  should  be  used,  which 
ought  to  have  been  in  stack  for  some  months 
otior  to  use.  Several  weeks  before  the  soil  is  re- 
quired lor  casing,  it  should  be  chopped  up,  and 
receive  a  dressing  of  common  agricultural  salt,  afier 
which  the  heap  should  be  turned  over  several  limes, 
and  protected  from  heavy  rains.  This  will  stop  the 
ravages  of  slugs  to  a  great  extent,  and  also  act  as  a 
stimulant  to  the  Mushrooms.  Woodlice  breed  wiih 
great  rapidity  in  stable  litter,  but  not  so  much  so 
when  the  long  straw  used  for  covering  the  beds  is 
subjected  to  a  healing  process  before  being  uieri, 
similar  to  that  which  is  selected  to  form  the  beds  with. 
When  shaking  out  the  droppings  and  short  broken 
stra*  to  be  prepared  for  making  up  beds,  the  long 
stuff  should  be  thrown  up  into  a  compact  heap  by 
itself,  and  if  it  is  too  dry  to  commence  fermenting,  a 
little  water  should  be  applied,  but  only  just  enough 
to  start  it.  P'y  the  time  the  short  material  and  drop- 
pings which  were  extracted  from  it  become  purified, 
made  into  a  bed,  spawned  and  cased,  this  long  straw 
will  supply  the  best  possible  covering  material.  Alter 
a  bed  is  spawned  and  cased,  care  must  be  exercised 
in  accordance  with  the  weather,  in  placing  on  the 
requisite  amount  of  straw  covering,  in  order  that  the 
internal  heat  o(  the  bed  may  not  be  raised  or  allowed 
to  fall  too  rapidly,  thereby  injuring  the  running  spawn. 
As  the  heat  must  be  tested  frequently  by  feeling  the 
test-sticks  inserted  in  the  bed,  it  will  be  easy  to 
determine  when  a  little  more  outside  covering  is 
necessary.  From  14  to  16  inches  of  outside  covering 
will  be  required  afier  the  beds  have  been  cased  two  or 
three  weeks,  and  still  more  must  be  added  should  the 
weather  be  severe.  \  row  of  old  mats  or  thatched 
hurdles,  placed  so  as  to  throw  cff  rain  or  snow, 
would  be  of  great  advantage.  G,  H.  Ric/ia'ds, 
Somerley, 


656 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[NoVI^iBER  21,    1885. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

( Sale    of    Bulbs    and    Plants,    at    Stevens' 
Monday,         Nov.  23  \  s^e°S^'  Dutch     Bulbs,   at    Protheroe    & 
1      Morri: '  " 

I  Sale^o^  a 
TUESDAY,        Nov.  24 -j  Sak^orRo^eT  Fruit  Trees,  Conifers.  &c,. 
at  the  City  Auction  Rooms,  by  Prollieroc 
L      &  Morris. 

fYork  Ancient  Society  of  Florists*  Show. 
Sale    of    Bulbs    and    Plants,    at    Stevens' 
Rooms. 
Sale  of  Plants,   Roses,  and  Lilies,  at   Pro- 
L     iheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

iSale   of    Imported    Orchids    Irom     Mr.    F. 
Gr^^ta^'/oi'DS'^urbTat  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms. 
f  Sale    of   Flouering,  Imported,  and  Eslab- 
FrIdav,  Nov.  27  i      lished   Orchids,  at    Protheroe  &  Morris' 

I      Rooms. 

r  Royal  Botanic  Society  of  London,  Oeneral 
I      Meetine. 
M       „o  J  Sale    of    Bulbs    and    Plants,    at    Stevens' 
N""-  »S  i      Rooms. 

I  Sale    of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Protheroe   & 


IN  one  sense  it  is  matter  for  hearty  con- 
gratulation that  the  Experi.ments  carried 
out  at  Chiswick  for  the  purpose  of  testing  the 
value  of  the  Jensen  system  of  Moulding  as  a 
preventative  of '  the  Pot.\to  Disease,  have 
again  failed  in  their  main  objects.  The  e.xperi- 
ments  were  carefully  performed,  under  the 
supervision  of  a  committee  nominated  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  in  the  same 
manner  as  last  year.  The  tubers  were  duly 
overhauled  before  planting,  their  growth  was 
watched,  and  the  results  noted  from  time  to 
time.  When  the  crop  was  lifted,  it  was  keenly 
scrutinised  and  all  doubtful  specimens  referred 
to  Mr.  Georoe  Murray.  That  gentleman 
reports  that  only  one  of  the  tubers  forwarded  to 
him  developed  the  Potato  fungus  when  sub- 
mitted to  the  appropriate  experimental  cultiva- 
tion in  the  laboratory.  So  far,  then,  it  would 
seem  that  there  was  in  all  probabilityaverymuch 
smaller  proportion  of  diseased  tubers  in  the  crop 
than  in  the  sets  when  planted.  In  any  case  the 
amount  of  disease  observed  during  growth,  and 
at  the  final  scrutiny,  was,  again,  so  small  as  to 
aft'ord  no  evidence  at  all  as  to  the  value  of  the 
Jensenian  system.  However  satisfactory  this 
may  be  on  general  grounds,  it  is  disappointing 
as  an  experiment,  and  it  tends  to  discourage 
those  gentlemen  who,  with  much  personal  dis- 
interestedness have,  during  two  seasons,  given 
their  time  and  their  labour  to  the  planning  and 
the  supervision  of  the  experiments  and,  lastly, 
to  the  task  of  summarising  the  results.  We 
shall  not  anticipate  the  formal  statement  of 
results  which  will  in  due  course  be  laid  before 
th:  Scientific  Committee.  We  violate  no  con- 
fidence, however,  in  thus  stating  that,  for  the 
second  time,  the  experiments  were  null  and  void 
as  regards  their  main  object. 

It  must  not,  however,  be  supposed  that  there 
is  no  instruction  to  be  got  out  of  them.  It 
would  be  impossible  for  any  experiment,  so 
carefully  conducted  and  keenly  scrutinised,  to 
be  absolutely  without  value,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly. One  point  in  particular  has  struck  those 
who  conducted  the  experiment — and,  if  it  is 
of  a  speculative  character,  the  speculation  is 
fraught  with  practical  possibilities— and  that  is 
the  effect  produced  by  cultural  methods  on 
plants,  as  compared  with  Nature's  w-ay  of  doing 
things,  when  left  to  herself  It  may  be  stated 
that  the  essence  of  the  experiment  consisted  in 
earthing-up  the  plants  for  definite  periods, 
longer  or  shorter  as  the  case  might  be,  and  in 
the  comparison  of  the  results,  in  the  plants  so 
treated,  with  others  in  which  no  earthing-up  at 
all  was  practised,  but  in  which  the  plants  grew, 
if  not  exactly  at  their  own  sweet  will,  at  least 
without  interference  on  the  part  of  the  culti- 
vator. 

Now,  we  are  not  going  to  forestall  the  official 
report  by  going  into  statistics,  but  we  may 
allude  to  one  or  two  matters  which  are  pro- 
minently brought  into  view,  and  which  are  of 
much  interest  for  the  thoughtful  cultivator.  In 
general  terms,  when  the  Potatos  were  moulded 
up,  even  for  a  short  time,  the  resulting  crop 


was,  from  a  practical  point  of  view,  more  even 
and  uniform,  that  is  to  say,  better  than  when 
the  plants  were  left  to  themselves,  and  generally 
the  more  unifonn  the  longer  the  period  of 
moulding.  This  is,  of  course,  in  accordance 
with  general  experience.  If  it  were  not  so,  why 
take  the  trouble  ?  That  matter  has  been  settled 
by  the  experience  of  generations.  But  we  doubt 
if  the  average  cultivator  has  given  much  atten- 
tion to  the  results  of  the  let-alone  policy  as 
carried  out  in  the  "  control  rows,"  and  yet  it  is 
a  subject  eminently  worthy  of  his  attention.  It 
brings  into  prominent  relief  the  difference 
between  growth  for  artificial  needs  and  require- 
ments under  correspondingly  artificial  treat- 
ment, and  growth  under  more  natural  condi- 
tions. If  we  might,  for  the  moment,  assume 
voluntary  effort  on  the  part  of  the  noble  tuber,  we 
might  say  that  its  object  in  life  is  not  to  provide 
food  for  mankind,  but  to  secure  its  own 
advantage,  and  ensure  the  continuity  and  per- 
petuation of  the  race  after  the  individual  had 
perished.  But  in  Nature,  as  under  artificial 
conditions,  no  one,  no  tuber  we  mean,  lives  for 
itself,  or  can  live  for  itself  independently  of 
other  considerations.  It  is  acted  on  by  external 
agencies — heat,  light,  moisture,  and  the  like — and 
moreover,  whether  it  will  or  no,  it  is  forced  by 
circumstances  to  live  not  only  for  itself  but  for 
others.  The  primary  object  of  the  tubers  we 
may  safely  assume  to  be  the  perpetuation  of 
the  race,  but  there  are  such  things  as  wire- 
worms,  slugs,  predatory  animals  of  all  kinds, 
which,  under  artificial  conditions,  much  more 
under  natural  surroundings,  have  to  be  pro- 
vided for.  In  the  great  scheme  of  Providence 
these  creatures  have  to  be  provided  for  as  well 
as  the  wingless,  two-legged  race,  who  are  too  apt 
to  presume  upon  their  superior  advantages,  and 
to  imagine  that  the  world  was  created  and  is  in 
process  of  modification  solely  for  [their  benefit 
only.  In  point  of  fact  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able things  about  the  plants  in  the  control  rows 
was  their  extraordinary  variability — big  tubers, 
little  tubers, some  even'tubers,  others  misshapen, 
tubers  on  the  surface,  tubers  beneath  it,  tubers 
green  as  the  haulms,  tubers  of  the  earth,  earthy 
as  to  their  exterior,  but  within  filled  with  rich- 
ness— that  is  to  say,  starch.  Now,  what  does 
all  this  mean  ?  Why  all  this  variation  ?  The 
conditions  of  growth  were,  as  we  have  shown, 
as  equal  as  they  could  be  made,  and  yet  the 
results  were  most  diverse.  All  confusion  and 
muddle  some  may  think.  That  is  not  our 
view.  To  our  thinking  the  plant  has  all  sorts 
of  conditions  and  requirements  to  fulfil,  some 
for  its  own  benefit,  some  for  the  advantage 
of  others.  Some  of  these  variations  are 
useful  for  one  purpose,  some  for  another. 
Given  the  principle  of  variability  which,  as 
we  know,  all  plants  possess,  then  come  in  those 
other  principles  of  adaptation  and  selection  of 
which  we  hear  so  much  now-a-days.  Certain 
variations  enable  the  plant  to  live  under  certain 
conditions,  others  fit  it  for  life  under  difterent 
circumstances.  Those  different  circumstances 
may,  or  may  not,  make  their  appearance  ;  if 
they  do,  plant  and  circumstances  are  at  one — 
the  right  tuber,  so  to  speak,  is  in  the  right 
place.  If  they  do  not  the  variation  is  not  per- 
petuated, but  dies  out  :  and  if  no  good  results 
occur,  t  least  no  harm  accrues.  At  any  rate 
an  opportunity  is  offered  for  man  with  his 
requirements,  and  especially  with  his  intelli- 
gence, to  observe  these  variations  and  to  turn 
them  to  account.  He  can  select  and  intensify 
those  that  he  wants,  he  can  neglect  and  pass 
over  those  he  does  not  require.  At  any  rate, 
with  that  mixed  lot  before  him,  he  must  surely 
miss  his  opportunity  if  he  fail  to  see  that  not 
one,  but  many  chances  are  offered  to  him  if 
he  will  but  avail  himself  of  them.  As  things  go 
he  is  too  much  engrossed  with  one  particular 
object,  and  he  overlooks  and  neglects  other 
opportunities.  For  instance,  a  good  deal  has 
been  said  about  the  possibility  of  raising  disease- 


proof  Potatos.  Some  ridicule  the  idea,  but 
these  are  the  people  who  stand  still  and  do  not 
try.  It  may  not  be  possible  in  the  way  or  ways 
suggested,  but  it  may  be  in  others.  Is  there  no 
lesson  to  be  learnt  from  that  motley  heap  of  even 
and  of  misshapen  tubers  from  the  control  rows  ? 
Surely  there  is.  Some  of  those  tubers  manifestly 
are  in  the  right  condition  to  be  an  easy  prey  to 
internal  disease,  some  to  predatory  animals, 
others  would  obviously  offer  a  stout  resistance 
to  disease,  and  would,  as  it  would  seem,  be 
decidedly  unpalatable  to  marauders,  however 
hungry.  It  is  a  matter,  therefore,  for  serious  con- 
sideration, whether  what  we  may  call  natural 
variation  may  not  furnish  us  with  as  strong  and 
varied  an  armoury  against  disease  as  hybridisa- 
tion, cross-breeding,  or  the  introduction  of  new 
varieties  from  beyond  the  seas.  At  any  rate,  vari- 
ation and  adaptation,  as  here  faintly  suggested, 
are  at  least  as  promising  as  the  other  agencies, 
and  more  easily  and  quickly  put  to  the  test. 


International  Exhibition  in  Dresden. 

— There  will  be  held  in  this  town,  in  May,  1887,  a 
flower  show  and  exhibition  of  an  international  cha- 
racter. The  committee  elected  by  the  united  horti- 
cultural societies  has  obtained  the  King's  permission 
to  hold  the  exhibition  in  the  royal  park  and  gardens, 
and  plans  (or  grounds  and  building  are  already  com- 
pleted. M.  J.  F.  Seidel,  of  Dresden,  is  appointed 
president  of  the  committee. 

New    Book    by    the     Editor    ok    the 

"Gardeners'  Magazine."  —  Mr.  Shirley  Hib- 
BERD  is  preparing  for  publication  a  volume  of  prose 
and  verse  for  young  people.  It  will  contain  a  few  of 
the  drolleries  that  have  appeared  in  Christmas  num- 
bers of  the  Gardiiiers'  Magazine,  with  other  papers 
written  for  the  purpose.  It  will  be  entitled  The 
Golden  Gate  ivith  Silver  Steps, 

Our   Almanac   for    i8S6.— Secretaries  of 

provincial  and  metropolitan  horticultural  societies  are 
invited  to  send  us,  as  soon  as  possible,  the  dates  of 
their  meetings  and  exhibitions  during  the  ensuing 
year,  so  as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 

The  Late   M.  Boissier.  —  The   following 

extract  is  taken  from  an  obituary  notice  written  by 
M.  DE  Candolle : — 

' '  Once  he  discovered,  on  the  mountain  of  Tuchet, 
which  belonged  to  his  father,  a  stony  and  shady  nook, 
which  he  made  into  a  kind  of  botanic  garden,  where  he 
planted  the  rarest  of  the  local  species.  Singular  and  first 
trial  of  alpine  plant  culture,  which  he  followed  afterwards 
with  such  zeal  at  Valleyres  for  so  many  years  1  The 
traveller  of  Ihe  future,  who  afterwards  traversed  the  East, 
Algeria, and  Spain,  showed  his  bent  more  plainly  later 
on,  when  M.  Valette  fhis  tutor]  had  left.  Edmond 
obtained  leave  from  his  father  to  visit  the  Great  Saint 
Bernard,  which  he  had  heard  spoken  of  as  a  spot  highly 
regarded  by  botanists.  Pie  left,  accompanied  by  a 
trustworthy  gardener,  and  furnished  with  the  little  sum 
necessary  for  a  day  or  two's  excursion,  .\rrived  at  the 
Saint  Bernard,  so  near  Italy,  he  was  seized  with  a  desire 
to  go  as  far  as  Turin.  There  the  two  travellers  went  on 
foot,  economising  their  means.  They  visited  the  town, 
then  crossed  Mont  Cenis.  still  on  fool.  In  Savoy  hunger 
obliged  them  to  enter  a  cabaret.  There  they  were  offered 
fried  Potatos.  '  We  are  too  poor,'  they  said  ;  '  give  us 
some  bread.'  In  this  way  they  arrived  at  Geneva  with 
a  franc  only  at  the  bottom  of  the  purse." 

Galanthus  nivalis  corcyrensis.  —  Mr. 

EWBANK  kindly  forwards  us  a  specimen  of  this  early- 
flowering  variety  of  the  Snowdrop.  The  small  flower 
offers  no  special  peculiarity  beyond  its  season  of 
flowering.  It  is  noteworthy,  however,  that  the 
pollen  is  shed  very  freely  while  the  stigma  is  still 
immature.  How  far  this  "  protandrous  "  condition 
is  characteristic  is  more  than  we  can  say,  but  it 
suggests  an  interesting  subject  for  inquiry. 

Ghent    Horticultural    Society. — We 

learn  that  the  Government  of  Belgium,  in  order  to 
show  its  appreciation  of  the  services  rendered  to  hor- 
ticulture by  three  of  the  members  of  the  Society,  has 
made  MM.  Ad.  d'Haene,  L.  Si'ae-Vander 
Meulen,  and  A.  Peeters,  Chevaliers  de  I'Ordre  de 
Leopold.     A   complimentary  banquet   in  honour  O' 


'Air'  I , ,       '^ 


x||-^^^^^\v^'S^^ 


6q8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  18 


the  event  will  take  place  on  Thursday,  November  26, 
at  ihe  Hotel  de  la  Post,  Ghent. 

"Trespassers    Beware." — "  Bolanisif," 

says  the  PharmaauHial  Journal,  "  who  are  in  the 
habit  of  taking  their  holiday  among  the  Scotch 
mountains,  will  be  glad  to  learn  that  the  Scottish 
Right  of  Way  Society  has  already  begun  its  work 
in  the  Braemar  district,  and  that  a  guide-po5t 
has  been  erected  at  the  foot  of  Glen  Dole,  Clova, 
indicating  that  the  path  marked  by  the  proprietor  as 
a  private  entrance  is  a  '  public  path  to  Braemar,'  and 
that  it  is  now  only  necessary  to  assert  the  right  in 
order  to  gain  access  to  this  beautiful  and  bolanically 
interesting  spot."  We  are  delighted  to  hear  of  this 
attempt  to  break  down  illegal  barriers.  Legal  ones  are 
bad  enough  to  the  wandering  botanist,  but  dogs,  illegal 
ones,  are  intolerable.  We  hear  that  the  botanical 
excursions  planned  by  the  members  of  the  Botanical 
Section  of  the  British  Association  at  Aberdeen  had  to 
be  abandoned  because  certain  churlish  proprietors  of 
deer-forests  refused  to  grant  the  requisite  permission  ; 
but  that  botanists  are  a  law-abiding,  charitable  set  of 
folk,  we  might  be  inclined  to  say  something  disre- 
spectful of  the  proprieliors  aforesaid. 

Nova  Scotian  Apples  at  the  Edineukgh 

Apple  AND  Pear  Congress.— Professor  G.  Law- 
son,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  has  informed  the  com- 
mittee of  the  above  Congress  that  he  has  been 
instructed  by  the  Government  of  Nova  Scotia  to 
form  a  collection  of  the  fruits  of  the  colony,  and  to 
forward  them  by  steamer  on  the  7th  inst.,  so  that  it 
may  be  in  good  time  for  the  Congress.  Several 
other  collections  are  [expected  from  abroad,  and  it 
is  likely  to  be  a  very  comprehensive  exhibition  of 
Apples  and  Pears. 

-  Cypripedium  Morgani^ex.  — The  Revue 
de  I' Horticulture  Bclgs  for  October  contains  a  good 
coloured  figure  of  this  beautiful  hybrid,  raised  by  a 
cross  from  Cypripedium  Stonei  out  of  C.  superbiens. 
The  dorsal  sepal  is  large,  ovate,  white,  traversed  by 
purple  veins,  the  two  very  long  pendulous  curved  petals 
are  of  a  green  colour,  spotted  with  purplish-brown,  and 
the  large  oblong,  smootli,  basket-shaped  lip  is  of  a 
purplish-brown  colour. 

Fashio.n  i.«j  Flowers.— It  is  useless  to  pro- 
test against  the  fashion  that  proclaims  Orchids  to  be 
almost  the  only  flowers  worth  consideration,  and  of 
Orchids  that  only  a  few  genera  are  entitled  to  recog- 
Dition.  The  magnificent  new  Bomareas  which  we 
figured  in  these  columns  a  few  years  back  have,  we 
are  sorry  to  learn,  not  found  admirers.  This  can 
only  be  because  the  flowers  have  not  been  seen,  for 
otherwise  it  is  impossible  to  imagine  any  lack  of 
admiration,  so  gorgeous  are  they,  while  their  culture 
offers  no  difficulties  and  demands  less  care  and  ex- 
pense than  most  Orchids. 

Trowbridge  Horticultural  Societv.— 

At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  of  this  Society,  held  a 
few  days  ago,  a  report  was  presented,  showing  that  it 
is  in  a  very  flourishing  condition,  having  a  balance  of 
^2oS  in  hand.  Like  many  other  societies,  it  has  had 
to  pass  through  times  of  depression,  invariably  caused 
by  losses  through  bad  weather  on  the  show  day  ;  but 
the  tide  has  turned  in  a  highly  satisfactory  direction. 
At  this  meeting  it  was  resolved  that  the  gratuitous 
services  of  Mr.  James  Huntley  as  Honorary  Secre- 
tary during  the  past  twenty-two  years  should  be  recog- 
nised in  some  titling  manner,  and  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  carry  out  this  purpose. 

GisHURSTiNE. — We    have    received    some 

boxes  of  this  excellent  preparation  from  Price's 
Candle  Company.  It  is  used  for  the  boots,  making 
them  proof  against  wet,  besides  rendering  the  leather 
soft,  and  so  is  very  serviceable  to  gardeners  and 
others  who  have  outdoor  work  to  do  during  the 
winter. 

Grafting  of  Seedlings.— Jfessrs.  Soupert 

&  Notting,  according  to  the  Revue  Horticole, 
practise  grafting  seedlings  on  the  Brier  stock.  As 
soon  as  the  first  rough  leaf  appears  the  seedling 
plant  is  graded  by  notch-grafting  on  to  the  Brier,  the 
grafts  being  kept  under  a  bell-glass  in  a  propagating 
frame  at  a  temperature  of  30°  C.  They  are  kept 
under  the  bell-glass  for  twelve  days.  In  this  manner 
the  Rose,  Princess  Wilhelmine  des  Pays  Bas,  origi- 
nated in  JIarch,  18S4,  by  the  fertilisation  of  iVIignon- 


nelle  by  the  pollen  of  Madame  Damaizin  (Tea).  The 
seeds  produced  by  this  cross  were  sown  on  No- 
vember 3.  The  seedlings  were  grafted  in  December, 
and  flowers  were  produced  in  February,  1SS5,  one 
year  after  fertilisation. 

Portsmouth    Chrysanthemum    Show, 

Nov.  12  and  13.— The  Portsmouth  limes  says  that 
over  5000  persons  visited  the  Chrysanthemum  show 
in  the  new  drill  shed  of  the  3d  Volunteer  Battalion 
Hampshire  Regiment  after  5  o'clock  on  the  13th. 
The  total  receipts  were  as  follows  ;  —  First  day,  £s^i 
second  day  at  6d.,  ^7  "js.  ()d.;  at  3/.,  JiZT,  ITs.  lod.; 
at  !(/.,  ^22  loj.;  total,  ^103  I5.(.  -J J.  Among  the 
special  exhibits  were  some  cat  blooms  of  Japanese 
Chrysanthemums  sent  by  Mr.  Lancaster,  J- P.,  one 
of  which  was  ^^  inches  in  circumference. 

"Botanical  Magazine." —  The    plants 

illustrated  in  the  November  number  are  the  follow- 
ing :— 

Nympluca  sidlata  var.  ::aii:ioarensis,  t.  6S43-  — 
This  magnificent  Water-Lily  has  large  flowers,  6— S 
inches  indiameter,  of  a  violet- blue  colour.  The  flower?, 
which  are  deliciously  fragrant,  open  at  noon  and  close 
at  night,  and  remain  sometimes  a  fortnight  before 
being  submerged  for  the  ripening  of  the  seed.  The 
plant  is  a  native  of  Zanzibar,  and  is  allied  to  N. 
stellata  and  N.  ccerulea. 

Calaiithe  ualaknsis,  t.  6S44.  —  A  terrestrial 
Orchid,  native  of  Natal,  wilh  tufted,  stalked,  plicated, 
broadly-lanceolate  leaves,  and  erect  pyramidal  many- 
flowered  racemes.  The  flowers  are  I  —  \\  inch  in 
diameter,  pale  lilac,  deeper  at  the  points,  and  with 
lip  orange- red.  The  perianth  segments  are  spread- 
ing, ovate-acute,  nearly  equal  ;  the  lip  with  two  small 
lateral  lobes,  and  one  larger,  one  broad  obovate,  2- 
lobed,  with  a  long  curved  spur. 

Boronia  hderophylta  var,  hrcvipes,  t.  6S45.— A 
Swan  River  species,  with  the  habit  of  B.  megastigma, 
and  flowers  of  a  similar  colour. 

Anemone  trifolia,  t.  6S46.— A  European  plant 
with  tall  slender  stems,  bearing  a  tuft  of  stalked- 
roundish  3-foliolate  leaves,  leaflets  oblong  acuminate 
serrate.  Flowers  on  long  stalks,  solitary,  resembling 
those  of  the  British  Wood  Anemone. 

Polyi^onuii!  sf'lurroslachyum,  t.  6S47. — A  Himalayan 
species  with  simple  erect  stems,  lanceolate  leaves,  and 
short  thick  cylindrical  densely  crowded  spikes  of 
crimson  flowers.  It  is  of  a  very  ornamental  character, 
and  is  suitable  for  a  rockery. 

The   Surveyors'  Institute.  —  The  next 

meeting  will  be  held  on  Monday,  November  23,  when 
a  paper  will  be  read  by  Mr.  Edward  Smyth  (Pro- 
fessional Associate),  entitled,  "The  Copyhold  En- 
franchisement Bill,  1S84-5."  The  chair  lo  be  taken 
at  8  o'clock. 

Primula   sinensis.— Messrs.  Sutton  have 

introduced  a  strain  with  leaves  of  a  cordate  ovate- 
acute  form,  with  serrated  edges,  quite  unlike  any 
other  form  of  leaf  in  this  species  that  we  are  acquainted 
with. 

Rhus  cotinus  var.  pendula. — M.  Burve- 

NICH  describes  in  the  Revue  de  V Horticulture  Belize 
a  variety  of  this  curious  shrub  with  pendulous 
branche?,  which  must  be  very  effective.  This  is  a 
shrub  far  too  little  appreciated,  and  yet  when  the 
feathery  inflorescence  is  expanded  it  excites  the  atten- 
tion of  the  most  unobservant,  while  the  leaves  in 
autumn  turn  of  the  most  glowing  bronze  and 
scarlet. 

Horticultural    Cldb.  —  The    monthly 

dinner  and  conversazione  took  place  on  Tuesday, 
Novf  nber  10,  at  the  Club-room,  i,  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  when  there  was  a  large  attendance  of 
members,  including  the  Hon. and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen, 
Ihe  Rev.  H.  Gall,  Messrs.  Wheatstone,  Wood,  Ingram, 
Collings,  Loder,  Balderson,  &c.  The  subject  for 
discussion  was  Grape-growing,  opened  by  the  latter 
gentleman,  who  detailed  his  method  of  growing  ten 
varieties  of  Grapes  in  one  house,  and  showed  his 
success  by  exhibiting  good  well  finished  bunches  of 
Mrs.  Pince,  Madresfield  Court,  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
Foster's  Seedling,  Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  Golden 
Champion,  Black  Hamburgh,  &c.,  which  were  (espe- 
cially Mrs.  Pince)  pronounced  to  be  excellent.  The 
Secretary  gave  some  account  of  the  Castle  Coch 
vineyards  of  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  near  Cardiff,  and 
by  the  courtesy  of  Mr.   Pettigrew,  his  lordship's  able 


gardener,  the  members  were  enabled  lo  taste  the 
produce  of  the  vineyard,  a  bottle  of  the  vintage  of 
18S1  having  been  sent  by  him  for  tt^at  purpose-,  it 
was  pronounced  excellent,  and  bore  a  likeness  to  good 
still  champagne.  The  discussion  was  continued  by 
Mr.  Boscawen  and  ethers,  and  the  thanks  of  the 
members  were  given  lo  Mr.  I'.ilderson  for  his  inte- 
resting paper,  and  to  Mr.  Pettigrew  for  his  courtesy. 

"Botaniker    Kalendek,    1SS6."  —  This, 

which  may  be  Englished  as  the  Botanists'  Pocket 
Book,  contains,  in  addition  to  the  usual  almanac  and 
general  information,  articles  on  the  collection  and 
preparation  of  plants,  lists  of  botanical  authors, 
technical  abbreviations,  lists  of  local  floras,  of  medi- 
cinal plants,  of  the  floral  regions  of  the  globe,  of  the 
various  modes  of  inflorescence,  ol  the  German  species 
olBramble,  Rose,  Chara  and  Sphagnum,  of  the  principal 
reagents  and  staining  substances  used  in  microscopic 
work.  A  second  part  or  supplement,  issued  sepa- 
rately, contains  a  full  list  of  German  botanists,  with 
their  addresses  ;  obituary  nitices,  lists  of  the  Pro- 
fessors at  the  several  Universities,  and  of  the  subjects 
of  their  lectures  ;  a  catalogue  of  scientific  societies  and 
theiroflicers,  an  enumerationoftheGerman  agricultural 
experimental  stations,  botanic  gardens,  forest  schools, 
natural  history  museums,  and  much  other  information 
of  a  similar  character.  The  book  is  specially  intended 
for  Germans,  but  English  botanists  and  gardeners  will 
find  it  convenient  lor  reference,  though  it  should  cause 
them  some  humiliation  to  have  the  evidence  of  the 
vast  inferiority  of  their  own  country  in  such  matters 
thus  brought  home  to  them.  The  publisher  is  Julius 
Springes,  of  Berlin. 

Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  Edinburgh. 

— At  a  meeting  of  ihe  Apple  and  Pear  Congress  Com- 
mittee held  on  November  iS  it  was  announced  that 
the  entries  of  fruit  amounted  to  upwards  of  11,000 
dishes,  with  still  a  number  of  promised  contributions 
to  be  added.  The  exhibits  are  contributed  by  growers 
in  almost  every  county  in  the  United  Kingdom,  as 
well  as  from  the  Continent  of  Europe  and  from 
America.  The  Royal  Horlicuitura!  Sjciely  contri- 
butes, through  Mr.  Barron,  a  large  and  interesting 
collection  of  Apples  and  Pears  from  their  celebrated 
collections  at  Chiswick,  and  many  of  the  leading 
trade  and  private  growers  throughout  England  con- 
tribute largely  to  the  aggregate  display.  Almost 
every  private  grower  of  note  in  Scotland  will  be 
represented  by  a  more  or  less  numerous  collection — 
the  total  dishes  entered  from  Scottish  growers 
alone  being  upwards  of  6000  dishes  ;  so  that 
the  exhibits  in  this  section  of  Ihe  Congress  will 
be  thoroughly  representative  and  exhaustive  of  the 
produce  of  Scotland.  The  collections  from  Ireland, 
although  not  quile  so  numerous  as  those  from  the 
sister  countries,  will  still  be  a  highly  interesting  dis- 
play, as  they  comprise  contributions  from  the  north, 
west,  south,  and  east,  and  are  likely  lo  contain  many 
specimens  never  before  seen  on  this  side  of  the  Irish 
Channel.  The  display  from  the  Channel  Islands 
France,  and  other  parts  of  Europe,  and  especially  the 
collection  sent  by  the  Government  ol  Nova  Scotia, 
and  from  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  both  famous  for 
the  Apples  they  produce,  will  add  greatly  to  the 
attractions  of  the  Congress,  and  drav;  many  visitors 
from  distant  parts  to  view  the  display.  The  jurors 
begin  their  duties  early  on  Wednesday,  the  25ih  inst., 
and  the  exhibition  remains  open  to  the  public  till 
10  o'clock  on  the  evening  ol  Saturday,  the  28th.  The 
new  winter  or  Chrysanthemum  show  of  the  Society  is 
to  be  held  at  the  same  time,  the  capacious  Waverlcy 
Market  affording  excellent  room  for  both.  The  show 
also  promises  to  be  a  success,  the  entries  having  con- 
siderably exceeded  expectations. 

New   Publications.  —  Atlas  Manuel   de 

Botanujiie,  Two  hundred  plates.  Illustrations 
of  natural  orders,  with  text.  J.  Demker.  Paris  ; 
Bailliere. — Die  Botanischc  Ergebnisse  der  Polaks- 
ehen  Expedition  nach  Persien,  Von  Dr.  Otto 
Staff.  ("Botanical  Results  of  the  Polak  Expedition 
to  Persia.")  Vienna  :  Geroldt. — 'Uiitcystuhun^en 
uher  die  Mor^holo^ie  dcs  Dicotyledonen  Endosperm. 
("  Structure  of  the  Endosperm.")  Von  Dr.  Hegel- 
MAIER.  Halle. — James  A^asmyth  ;  an  Autol'iogrd' 
phy.  Edited  by  S.  Smiles  (John  Murray  : 
London). — A  Shoit  History  of  the  ChiysantJumtcm. 
By  C.  Herman  Payne  (Journal  op  Horticulture, 
171,  Fleet  Street,  E.C). — Convention  Phyittixerijue 
Internationale  el  Mesieres  d' Execution  en  Belgique 
(Chambre  Sjndicale  des  Horticulteurs). 


November  si, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


659 


TREES,  SHRUBS,  AND  HARDY 
FLOWERS  FOR  SMOKY  TOWNS. 
"  What  shall  I  plant  in  my  garden  ?  I  have  tried  all 
sorts  of  things  and  nothing  seems  to  do."  Such  is 
the  exclamation  that  is  sometimes  heard  from  the  lips 
of  householders  in  the  suburbs  of  manufacturing 
industry,  those  in  coal  and  iron  districts  especially, 
and  to  the  latter  my  remarks  will  apply  more  particu- 
larly. From  long  experience  in  the  vicinity  of  a 
large  town,  as  noted  for  its  smoke  as  for  the  excel- 
lence of  its  manufactures,  and  froin  a  personal  know- 
ledge of  the  Potteries  and  the  "  Black  Country " 
(North  and  South  Staffordshire),  and  experience  in 
the  suburbs  of  London,  Liverpool,  and  Manchester, 
I  btlieve  I  shall  be  able  to  offer  a  few  suggestions 
worthy  the  attention  and  consideration  of  those  who 
find  themselves  in  such  difficulties  a-  the  town  gar- 
deners and  proprietors,  who  often  make  U3e  of  the 
expression  at  the  head  of  this  article. 

There  are  very  few  gardens  indeed  where  "nothing" 
will  grow,  even  though  the  garden  boundary-wall  on 
one  side  is  that  of  soms  huge  ironworks  ;  but  these 
EOtes  are  intended  to  have  a  wider  and  more  compre- 
hensive scope,  and  are  addressed  to  the  greater'public 
but  the  notes  will  apply  to  the  small  gardens  always 
found  near  towns. 

Assuming  that  the  dwelling-house  is  already  built, 
and  the  general  plan  of  the  grounds  decided  upon, 
the  question  arises  —  What  shall  we  plant  ?  We 
have  not  to  deal  with  a  salubrious  atmosphere  in 
which  we  may  venture  to  plant  almost  anything, 
from  the  homely  Ivy  to  the  most  tender  Conifers, 
which  only  require  a  little  shelter  from  the  south-west 
gales  or  the  cutting  east  winds,  in  order  to  allow  them 
to  "  grow  like  weeds  ;  "  but  we  have  to  contend  with 
one  laden  with  sulphurous  and  carbonic  vapours,  as 
well  as  dense  volumes  of  smoke,  consequently  what 
is  planted  will  have  a  hard  struggle  for  existence  and 
undergo  a  veritable  battle  of  the  "survival  of  the 
fittest."  The  conditions  for  plant  life  being  so  dele- 
terious, it  is  very  desirable  that  the  roots  of  Iho  trees, 
&c.,  should  be  in  congenial  soil ;  but  here  again  con- 
ditions are,  more  frequently  than  not,  unfavourable  ; 
the  surface  of  the  soil  for  several  inches  in  depth  is 
charged  to  a  greater  or  less  degree  with  acids  that 
have  been  precipitated  on  it  for  years,  and  the  sub- 
soil may  be  either  clay  or  rock,  as  is  the  case  here,  but 
in  some  places  it  may  be  something  better  than  either. 
In  any  case  the  ground  should  be  well  prepared  by 
being  broken  up  to  a  depth  of  at  least  2  feet,  30 
inches  would  be  better,  and  in  the  case  of  a  clay 
subsoil  it  should  be  well  drained.  If  the  trench- 
ing is  ofjected  to  on  the  score  of  expense,  then 
holes  should  be  made  several  feet  larger  and 
deeper  for  the  plants  than  would  otherwise  be  ne- 
cessary. If  possible  let  the  holes  be  excavated 
several  weeks  before  they  are  required,  so  that  the 
whole  body  of  soil  may  become  aerated  ;  and  in  the 
process  of  excavation  let  the  best  soil  be  placed  on 
one  side  and  the  worst  on  the  other  side  the  hole, 
then  when  the  trees  are  planted  the  best  soil  can  be 
placed  about  the  roots— immediately  above  and 
below — and  the  worst  at  the  top,  where  the  roots 
will  not  reach  it.  Any  large  stones,  brick-bats,  or 
tree-roots  and  stumps  that  may  be  met  with  in 
preparing  the  ground  ought  to  be  taken  care  of,  as 
such-like  rubbish  will  be  useful  in  forming  banks  and 
mounds  for  "  blocking  out  "  undesirable  views,  and 
for  purposes  of  shelter  for  dwarf-growing  and  tenderer 
plants  ;  the  banks  and  mounds  to  be  furnished  with 
Ivy  or  other  plants  to  be  hereafter  mentioned. 

Having  prepared  the  ground  for  the  trees  to  be 
planted  in  the  direction  from  which  shelter  is  most 
required  from  smoke,  as  also  from  prevailing  winds, 
the  varieties  and  species  to  be  selected  for  planting  will 
depend  upon  the  area  to  be  planted  and  protected  j 
if  less  than  a  quarter  of  an  acre  in  extent  tall  forest 
trees  are  undesirable,  and  recourse  must  be  had 
to  trees  and  shrubs  growing  from  10  to  20  feet 
high  ;  if  upwards  of  a  quarter  of  an  acre  then 
forest  trees  may  be  admissible  in  numbers  accord- 
ing to  the  area. 

In  a  general  way  smooth-leaved  and  fast-growing 
trees  are  more  capable  of  withstanding  a  smoky  and 
poisonous  simosphere  than  are  those  that  are  rough- 
leaved  and  slow-growing,  and  the  Canadian  Poplar 
(P.  canadensis,  or  P.  Icevigata)  I  find  to  be  one  of 
the  best  of  tall-growing  trees  for  such  a  purpose,  and 
this  I  place  in  the  front  rank  opposite  the  enemy  ; 
two  ranks  will  be  better  than  one.  Next  in  order  is 
the  Black  Italian  Poplar,  and  to  this  I  would  add  the 


Balsam  Poplar  (P.  balsamifera).  If  the  height  to  which 
they  will  grow  naturally  is  an  objection,  they  may  be 
cut  down  to  any  height  required.  The  Sycamore 
(Acer  Pseudo-Platanus)  will  do  well  behind  the 
Poplars,  and  whether  planted  in  lines,  groups, 'or 
as  single  specimens,  it  has  a  noble  appearance.  The 
common  Lime  (Tilia  europx-a)  withstands  the  smoke 
fairly  well  if  sheltered  by  the  preceding  ;  but,  like 
the  Sycamore,  it  is  apt  to  lose  its  leaves  rather  early, 
and  at  the  time  I  write  (October  29)  the  Limes, 
Elms,  and  Sycamores,  are  quite  denuded  of  their 
foliage.  The  beautiful  and  graceful  Birch  (Betula  alba) 
also  thrives  here  in  positions  sheltered  more  from  the 
south-west  gales,  suffering  but  little  from  the  smoke. 
And  who  would  be  without  "  the  lady  of  the  forest  ' 
in  her  dress  of  silvery  grey  ?  And  then,  by  way  of 
contrast,  what  can  be  richer  and  deeper  in  colour 
than  a  ni^e  specimen  of  the  Purple  Bsech  (Fagus 
purpurea,  which  thrives  under  similar  conditions  ? 
And  to  the  foregoing  may  be  added  the  common  Ash 
(Kraxinus  excehior) ;  the  London  Plane  (Platanus 
occidentalis,  although  it  does  not  grow  here  with 
the  same  freedom  as  in  London  ;  the  Scotch  or 
Wych  Elm  (Ulmus  montana)  ;  and  last,  but  not  of 
least  importance  for  the  purpose,  the  Apple,  the 
Pear,  and  the  Mulberry.  Small  plantations,  or 
"  belts  "  of  the  above-mentioned  trees,  planted  in  the 
order  named  more  or  less,  will  give  satisfaction,  and 
form  efficient  shelter  for  smaller  and  less  sturdy 
subjects. 

As  an  undergrowth  to  the  forest  trees,  and  to  make 
an  efficient  screen  from  the  ground  upward  to  a  height 
of  10  to  15  feet,  and  for  the  formation  of  shrubberies, 
groups,  &c.,  as  well  as  for  screens  and  shelter  where 
tall  trees  are  not  admissible,  the  common  Thorn  in 
varieties  of  white,  pink,  and  crimson— both  single 
and  double — will  be  found  invaluable  ;  so  will  the 
Holly,  Shepherd's  variety  in  particular  ;  it  is  robust 
in  constitution,  free  in  growth,  and  bears  large 
smooth  leaves,  which  are  easily  washed  by  the 
rain  ;  but  all  the  Hollies  are  better  for  partial  shelter 
from  strong  gales.  The  Laburnum  grows  well,  and 
gives  us  a  wealth  of  golden  blossoms  ;  and  the  com- 
mon Lilac,  pink  and  white,  are  suitable  companions 
for  the  Laburnum.  The  flowering  Currant  gives 
variety,  as  also  does  Broom,  and  the  double  Gorse 
should  be  planted  wherever  there  is  space  for  it,  the 
more  there  is  the  better  the  eftect  when  in  flower — 
Aucuba  japonica,  the  common  Laurel,  and  common 
Pontic  Rhododendrons,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to 
mention,  being  essentially  town  shrubs.  To  these  I 
would  add  Berberis  Uarwinii  and  B.  aquifolium,  the 
common  Privet,  Veronica  Andersoni,  V.  decussata, 
and  V.  Hendersoni  ;  and  last,  but  by  no  means  of  least 
value  as  a  suitable  plant  lor  3moky  towns,  the  common 
Elder  and  its  varieties ;  it  will  grow  anywhere,  and  will 
produce  its  large  umbels  of  white  flowers  in  great  profu- 
sion. Large  specimens  of  the  common  variety  when  in 
flower  at  the  beginning  of  summer,  make  a  feature  in 
many  an  English  landscape,  and  few  shrubs  are  more 
effective  at  that  time  ;  most  people  are  aware  of 
the  economic  uses  of  the  fruit  in  autumn  and  winter. 
1  shall  refrain  from  recommending  any  of  the  Coni- 
ferDt,  because  there  are  very  few,  if  any,  that  are 
likely  to  do  well  in  such  places  as  I  have  in  view. 

Amongst  suitable  climbers  and  creepers  for  covering 
walls  and  buildings,  the  most  valuable  are  the 
varieties  of  Ivy,  and  next  in  pjint  of  value  is  the 
Virginian  Creeper,  both  the  common  and  Veitch's 
variety  ;  another  is  Aristolochia  Sipho,  a  plant  rarely 
seen  ;  Clematis  lanuginosa  does  fairly  well,  so  do 
Jasminuni  nudiflorum  and  J.  officinale.  Siveral 
varieties  of  the  Vine  grow  well,  but,  of  course,  do  not 
bring  their  fruit  to  perfection,  the  foliage  alone  is 
of  sufficient  value  ;  Cotoneaster  microphylla  and  C. 
Simmonsi  are  very  useful,  and  Cydonia  japonica 
does  well,  but  requires  a  little  shelter  from  harsh 
winds. 

In  forminj  the  shrubbery  borders  for  the  reception 
of  small  shrubs,  herbaceous  plants,  &c.,  let  the  soil 
be  trenched  to  a  depth  of  iS  inches  at  least,  break 
and  pulverise  it  well,  adding  manure,  decayed  leaves, 
or  burnt  garden  rubbish  as  the  work  proceeds,  to 
enrich  the  soil  and  provide  food  for  that  which  will 
be  planted.  If  the  soil  has  not  been  broken  up  before, 
or  has  become  hard  and  impervious  in  its  nature  from 
being  trampled  on,  it  should  be  forked  over  carefully 
as  many  times  as  possible  at  intervals  of  a  week  or  a 
fortnight  if  time  will  permit.  When  the  soil  has 
become  sweet  and  friable  planting  may  commence, 
and  one  of  the  plants  I  would  recommend  to  be 
planted  at  the  back  portion  of  the  border  is  the  giant 


Cow  Parsnip  (Heracleum  giganteum),  if  the  borders 
are  at  all  extensive.  In  recommending  this  plant  I 
know  that  I  am  laying  myself  open  to  criticism  and 
ridicule,  but  it  is  noble  in  aspect,  tropical  in  appear- 
ance, artistic  in  outline  and  detail,  showy  if  not  gorge- 
ous in  inflorescence,  eminently  suitable  for  a  bad 
climate,  and  it  grows  without  any  further  trouble  afier 
being  once  planted  ;  it  is  singularly  effective  as  single 
specimens  or  in  groups,  especially  with  a  dark  back- 
ground. In  similar  positions  I  would  plant  Tritoma 
uvaria,  Michaelmas  Daisies,  Chrysanthemums,  Pop- 
pies (Papaver  orientale),  Phlox,  double  Pyrethrums, 
and  Dahlias.  Nearer  to  the  front  would  come  in  the 
common  Iris,  herbaceous  Anemones,  Wallflowers, 
Sweet  Williams,  Carnations,  Forget-me-No!s  (Myo- 
sotis),  Primroses,  Polyanthu?,  alpine  Auriculas,  D.iffo- 
dils,  Violas  and  Pansies,  Antirrhinums,  Delphiniums, 
&c.  ;  and  at  the  front  of  the  borders  we  have  masses 
of  Iberis,  Arabis,  Aubrietia,  Alyssum,  Saxifraga  um- 
brosa  (London  Pride),  Crocus,  Scillas,  Vinca,  Sedums, 
Sempervivunii,  Lysimachia  nummularia.  Thrift  (Ar- 
meria),  &c.,  besides  hardy  annuals  of  various  kinds. 
In  shady  corners  the  more  vigorous  growing  British 
Ferns,  such  as  Lastrteas,  Athyriums.  Scolopendriums, 
Blechnum  spicant,  and  Polypodiums  may  find  a  place. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  there  is  no  lack  of  material 
with  which  to  shelter  and  furnish  a  town  garden  satis- 
factorily, and  the  amount  o(  success  attending  the 
undertaking  will  depend  on  the  measure  of  intelligent 
care  and  attention  bestowed.  When  such  things  as 
have  been  mentioned  become  established  it  will  be  an 
easy  matter  to  find  nooks  and  corners  wherein  plants 
of  a  more  tender  nature  may  be  tried,  my  object 
having  been  to  show  how  easily  an  apparently  barren 
and  desolate  waste  may  be  made  beautiful  by  a  selec- 
tion of  suitable  plants  and  the  proper  preparation  of 
the  soil,  rather  than  to  give  a  full  list  of  such  plants 
that  might  possibly  be  cultivated  alter  the  first  and 
greatest  difficulties  were  overcome.  J.  (/dakf  Shire- 
diffe  Hall,  Sheffield. 


j40ME     j^^CRRESPONDENCE. 


Wintering  Echeveria.— It  is  evident  that  most 
people  have  their  own  particular  way  of  preserving 
this  plant  through  the  winter  months  ;  various  ways 
have  been  tried  here  with  more  or  less  success.  The 
plan  we  tried  about  twenty  years  ago  succeedb  admir- 
ably. A  border  was  made  outside  the  stove  on  the 
north  side,  70  feet  long  and  2  feet  wide,  sloping  from 
the  wail  and  slightly  higher  than  the  surrounding 
ground.  The  first  row  of  plants  were  laid  down,  not 
planted,  near  the  pathway  ;  and  the  second  row  was 
laid  on  the  roots  of  the  first  row,  and  so  on  until  the 
wall  was  reached  ;  they  were  placed  close  together,  and 
when  the  bed  is  finished  they  form  one  mass.  No  water- 
ing is  required.  They  will  stand  8°  or  10°  of  frost 
with  impunity,  as  the  sun  will  not  reach  them.  When 
sharper  weather  sets  in  a  few  Yew  branches  are  laid 
over  them,  and  in  severe  frost  a  few  inches  of  long 
litter  is  laid  on  the  branches  ;  the  latter  allows  of  a 
little  circulation  of  air  amongst  the  plants.  I  have 
known  the  plants  to  be  covered  up  for  weeks  in  hard 
frosts.  When  the  weather  has  changed  they  must  be 
uncovered  very  gradually,  a  little  each  day  is  the  best. 
Under  the  above  treatment  we  never  lose  a  single 
plant  out  of  thousands.  I  may  mention  that  the  stove 
is  built  with  hollow  brickwork,  which,  of  course,  gives 
out  more  heat  than  a  solid  wall  ;  but  I  believe  they 
would  winter  against  the  latter,  and  should  not  be 
afraid  to  try  them,  Echeverias  are  like  shrubby 
Calceolarias,  they  do  not  like  to  be  coddled.  When 
preserved  as  above  described  they  are  much  stronger, 
and  may  be  planted  out  sooner  in  the  spring  than 
when  wintered  under  glass,  ^ohn  Perkins^  Thorn- 
ham  HalU  Stifolk. 

Paronychia  argentea. — This  is  one  of  the  Knot- 
worts  or  Illecebracece,  of  which  Illecebrum  verti- 
cillatum  is  indigenous  to  England,  and  is  a  hardy 
perennial.  It  is  much  used  in  the  flower  garden  of 
Killerton  House  by  Mr.  Garland.  The  centre  beds 
are  enclosed  by  stonework,  and  raised  iS  to  20 
inches  above  the  grass  level.  The  Paronychia  is 
planted  next  the  masonry,  and  hangs  down  over  it. 
The  drooping  habit  is  graceful,  and  the  hue  of  inflor- 
escence and  foliage  silvery,  somewhat  akin,  for 
example,  to  the  colouring  of  that  popular  bidding 
plant,  Leucophyton  Brownii.  These  two  properties 
combined  render  this  tufted  herb  peculiarly  adapted 
for  the  place  it  fills,  as  also  for  hanging  down  from 


66o 


THE     GA  RDRNERS'     CHRONICLE 


(November  21,  18S;. 


vases,  or  indeed  from  anything.  The  plant  is 
common  in  the  South  of  Europe  and  Algiers.  Inde- 
pendent of  its  beauty  and  utility,  the  plant  would  be 
cherished  at  Killerton  from  the  fact  of  the  original 
stock  having  been  brought  home  by  Sir  Robert  Inglis 
from  Nazareth,  where  it  is  one  of  the  commonest 
weeds.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

Begonia  Reading  Snowflake, — The  value  of 
this  hybrid  as  a  perpetual  flowering  form  is  scarcely 
so  much  appreciated  as  it  deserves  to  be.  It  flowers 
all  the  year  round,  and  as  freely  at  midwinter  as  in 
summer  ;  the  flowers  are  pure  white,  and  double  the 
size  of  B.  semperflorens,  one  of  its  parents.  The 
habit  is  excellent.  It  makes  a  good  pot  plant,  and  is 
of  great  value  for  decorative  purposes.  A*.  D. 

The  Leeds  Daffodils.  —  The  following  is  an 
extract  from  a  letter  I  have  just  received  from  a  well- 
known  gardener,  who  has  not  given  me  leave  10  men- 
tion his  name  :  — "  I  was  well  acquainted  with  Mr. 
Leeds  and  his  collection  ;  he  always  said  he  had  his 
original  collection  from  Dean  Herbert,  but  I  think 
that  referred  to  species  ;  he  continued  to  hybridise 
and  raise  seedlings  so  long  as  I  knew  him,  and  that 
was  until  he  parted  with  them  to  Messrs.  Barr  & 
Sugden  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Nelson,  of  Aldborough. " 
C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall,  Nov.  12. 

Late  Flowering  Clematis.— Plants  that  flower 
late  in  autumn  are  not  over-plentiful,  and  on  that 
account,  a  part  from  their  individual  good  properties, 
are  always  acceptable.  Not  the  least  of  the  merits  of 
some  of  the  newer  varieties  of  Clematis  is  that  they 
bloom  so  late  in  the  autumn.  A  good  many  of  the 
hybrids  of  the  lanuginosa,  and  also  the  viticella  and 
the  Jackmanni  types,  have  shown  a  disposition  to  keep 
on  blooming  through  September  and  until  well  on 
into  October,  but  the  late  flowers  are  often  so  few, 
and  have  such  an  appearance  about  them,  as  to  remind 
one  of  the  "last  Rose  of  summer."  An  unnamed 
seedling  that  I  noticed  in  the  Sunningdale  Nursery 
was,  in  October,  in  a  condition  such  as  to  deserve  the 
character  of  being  a  profuse  autumn  bloomer,  covered 
with  flowers  and  buds  that  would  keep  on  opening 
until  cut  off  by  frost.  It  is  a  comparatively  small  five- 
petalled  flower,  about  the  size  of  C.  Jackmanni,  but  with 
petals  nearly  as  broad  as  they  are  long.  The  colour 
is  deep  lavender-blue.  Madame  Grange,  another 
late  bloomer,  was  as  full  of  flowers  as  C.  Jackmanni 
is  usually  seen  in  the  summer.  The  colour  is  light 
mulberry.  Mrs.  Cholmondely — a  full-sized  lavender- 
coloured  sort — was  also  nicely  in  bloom.  Daniel 
Deronda  is  another  of  the  late  flowerers  ;  colour  purple. 
C.  Jackmanni  alba,  the  original  plant  of  which  now 
covers  a  pillar  1 1  feet  high,  so  as  to  form  a  dense 
mass  4  feet  through,  was  covered  with  a  sheet  of 
bloom  from  the  beginning  of  August,  and  had  still 
quantities  to  come  on.  Some  of  the  shoots  had  half 
a  dozen  pairs  of  buds  yet  to  open.  It  is  evidently 
one  of  the  freest  and  most  robust  growing  varieties 
that  has  ever  appeared,  and  an  equally  free  flowerer. 
The  late  blooming  varieties  ol  Clematis  when  grown 
on  buildings,  as  these  plants  often  are,  will  generally 
get  enough  shelter  to  prevent  their  flowers  being 
injured  by  the  early  frosts.  In  such  positions  their 
late  flowering  habit  is  seen  to  the  best  advantage. 
T.  B. 

Orchid  Houses.— It  is  now  absolutely  essential 
that  the  greatest  advantage  be  taken  of  the  light  now 
at  command,  so  that  backward  growths  may  obtain 
all  the  assistance  that  can  be  rendered  from  this 
source,  and  that  bulbs  almost  finished  up  may  become 
plump  and  sound  with  all  possible  dispatch.  There 
is  now  a  much  better  appreciation  among  growers 
than  formerly  used  to  be  the  rase,  that  to  have 
bulbs  plump  and  thoroughly  ripened,  to  be  followed 
by  a  certain  definite  period  of  rest,  is  one  of  the  most 
necessary  conditions  for  the  full  and  perfect  develop- 
ment^of  the  flowers,  and  for  a  free  and  satisfactory 
growth  afterwards.  Simple  tiuths  need  repeating 
even  now,  for  there  will  ever  be  new  beginners — those 
who  -are  staiting  in  the  culture  of  Orchids  ;  and 
since  remarks  of  this  nature  are  intended  for  such, 
rather  than  those  who  are  advanced  in  the  culture 
and  have  gained  experience,  the  very  rudi- 
mentary suggestions  and  advice  will  doubtless  be 
acceptable  to  many.  If  not  done  already,  let  every 
bit  of  fixed  shading,  such  as  canvas  tacked  on  at  odd 
ends  and  corners,  be  at  once  removed.  These  out-of- 
the-way  pieces  are  so  often  disregarded  and  permitted 
to  remain  on,  to  the  exclusion  of  light,  that  not  a  day 


should  be  lost  ere  they  are  removed.  So,  too,  where 
portions  of  the  roof  have  been  smeared  over  with 
whitewash,  &c. — this  must  be  washed  away  at  once  ; 
and  if  the  district  is  one  where,  through  the 
smoky  condition  of  the  atmosphere,  the  outside  of 
the  houses  become  quickly  covered  over  with  a 
sooty  deposit,  let  the  glass  be  washed  all  over, 
not  only  washing  the  glass  but  the  rafters  and 
woodwork,  for  the  better  removal  of  all  filth. 
There  is  nothing  better  than  a  little  soft-soap  in  the 
water  used  with  the  brush,  and  then  plenty  of  clean 
water  poured  on  with  hose-pipe  or  water-can  will 
speedily  effect  a  change  for  the  better.  In  some 
localities  this  process  will  need  to  be  repeated  once 
or  twice  during  the  winter,  for  immediately  after 
a  thick  heavy  fog  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  large 
manufacturing  townsof  the  North  there  will  be  observed 
on  all  objects  outside  walks,  roofs,  leaves  of  shrubs, 
&c.,  a  filthy  and  black  deposit,  injurious  to  all 
vegetation,  and  one  that  materially  lessens  the 
entrance  of  light  into  our  houses.  With  roofs  clean 
inside  and  out  the  cool  Odontoglossums  and  Masde- 
vallias  will  now  be  pushing  well  away,  the  former 
in  the  majority  of  cases  with  growth  about  half  or 
three  parts  formed,  the  leaves  of  which  should  stand 
well  up,  and,  being  moderately  broad  and  of  medium 
length,  will  indicate  that  the  condition  in  which 
they  are  placed  is  of  the  best,  and  one  that 
must  be  carefully  followed  and  persistently  continued. 
The  flower-spikes  on  the  most  forward  growths  will 
soon  be  pushing  up  from  the  base  of  the  yet  immature 
bulbs,  and  as  the  spikes  come  quickly  up  the  bulbs 
continue  swelling,  until  having  reached  their  due 
size  the  spikes  come  away  more  rapidly,  and  buds  will 
be  formed  of  a  sloui  and  plump  character,  which  in 
due  time  will  develope  into  flowers  of  good  size  and 
substance.  It  is  mostly  to  be  observed  that  the  finer 
forms  of  O.  crispum  flower  in  early  spring,  and  up 
till  May  and  June,  whilst  the  majority  of  the  more 
stellate  varieties  flower  later  or  at  more  irregular 
periods.    W^  Swart, 

Coning  of  Athrotaxis  laxifolia. — I  have  to-day 
read  in  the  Gartfencrs*  Chronicle  your  notice  of  the 
Athrotaxis  laxifolia.  I  believe  you!are  wrong  in'saying 
the  cone  has  not  been  known  before.  The  tree 
flourishes  in  the  gardens  of  Robert  Loder,  Esq., 
Whittlebury,  Towcester,  where  I  gathered  quantities 
of  the  cones  in  the  year  1875.  -V.  [We  should  be  glad 
to  see  cones  of  this  or  last  year.   Ed.] 

Cyclamens  at  Hanwell. — A  magnificent  lot  of 
these  popular  planls  is  now  to  be  seen  at  the  nurseries 
of  the  St.  George's  Nursery  Company  at  Ilanwell. 
.At  this  nursery  there  are  twelve  long  low  span-roofed 
houses  that  are  particularly  well  adapted  for  the 
growth  of  planls,  and  Cyclamens  at  present  are  to  be 
seen  in  every  one  of  them.  They  can  be  seen  in  all 
degrees  of  development,  from  seedlings  just  putting 
their  first  leaves  through  the  soil,  to  plants  three, 
four,  five,  and  six  years  old,  representing  the  fine 
specimens  Mr.  Smith,  the  manager,  is  in  the  habit  of 
staging  for  exhibition  in  spring  at  South  Kensington 
and  at  the  Regent's  Park.  Seeds  are  sown  about  the 
end  of  August  or  early  in  September.  The  usual 
practice  has  been  to  sow  some  thirty  seeds  or  so  in 
shallow  pans  9  inches  in  diameter.  These  are  stood 
on  an  ash  bed  in  one  of  the  houses,  and  in  about  six 
weeks  the  first  leaves  begin  to  appear  above  the  soil, 
but  some  seeds  appear  to  germinate  more  quickly 
than  others.  It  may  not  be  generally  known  that 
seeds  of  Cyclamen  persicum  will  retain  their 
vitality  for  six  or  seven  years,  though  a  longer 
time  is  required  for  them  to  germinate,  and 
a  certain  proportion  will  fail  altogether.  The  best 
way  to  preserve  seeds  of  Cyclamen  is  to  put  them  in 
bottles  and  keep  them  perfectly  airtight.  This  sea- 
son Mr.  Smith  has  adopted  the  practice  of  sowing  the 
seeds  singly  in  thumb-pots.  Several  thousands  were 
treated  in  this  way,  and  the  majority  of  them  have 
put  forth  two  and  three  seed  leaves.  This  method 
has  been  adopted  in  order  to  obviate  the  check  which 
the  tiny  plants  receive  when  they  are  pricked  off  from 
the  seed  pans  into  pots,  and  from  these  to  thumb- 
pots.  By  sowing  in  tiny  pots  they  can  be  shifted 
into  60-sized  pots  without  injuring  the  ball  of  roots, 
and  not  the  slightest  check  is  thereby  received.  It  is 
true  that  the  sowing  of  the  seeds  singly  causes  a 
greater  expenditure  of  time,  but  it  is  at  the  season  of 
the  year  when  labour  is  more  available,  and  the  lime 
required  to  prick  off'  the  seedlings  in  early  winter  or 
spring,    when    work   is    more    pressing,    is    avoided. 


There  is  a  very  fine  lot  of  specimens  of  two  years  old 
and  upwards.  They  comprise  the  very  cream  of  the 
seedlings,  and  are  consequently  of  the  highest  quality. 
In  addition  there  are  almost  numberless  plants  of 
seedlings  raised  fourteen  months  ago,  many  of  which 
are  already  in  flower  and  others  coming  on  to  suc- 
ceed them.  Thrips  is  one  of  the  most  tiresome  pests 
the  cultivator  has  to  contend  with.  One  of  these 
will  fasten  upon  a  bud  just  as  it  is  showing  colour, 
and  preying  upon  it  disfigure  it  by  piercing  the 
petals,  leaving  a  mark  on  each.  Therefore  it  is  that 
the  plants  are  well  fumigated  down  to  the  time  that 
they  show  for  bloom.   R.  D. 

Epipactis  latifolia  and  its  Varieties.  — 
Botanists  have  been  somewhat  puzzled  where  to  draw 
the  line  of  distinction  between  the  various  species  and 
varieties  of  this  highly  interesting  germs  of  plants. 
This  is,  however,  not  to  be  wondered  at,  more  espe- 
cially in  those  who  have  not  had  the  chance  of 
examining  the  plants  growing  under  various  circum- 
stances in  their  native  wilds,  as  the  forms  'of  one 
species  alone,  E.  latifolia,  are  certainly  many  and 
perplexing.  I  can  also  readily  understand  how  any 
person  on  being  sent  either  of  the  extreme  types  of 
this  plant  would  unhesitatingly  pronounce  them  as 
species  ;  but  let  the  same  person  examine  carefully  a 
wood  in  which  the  normal  form  occurs  plentifully, 
and  he  will  find  that  all  gradations  of  colour  occur, 
from  almost  a  pure  white  to  a  deep  purplish-pink, 
and  which  latter  is  the  plant  that  has  been  elevated  by 
not  a  few  of  our  botanists  to  a  distinct  species  under 
the  name  of  E.  purpurea  or  rubiginosa.  Did  no  grada- 
tions occur  between  this  purple  form  and  the  typical 
species  {putting  aside  any  differences  in  the  structure  of 
the  flowers,  which  certainly  does  not  exist)  some 
leniency  might  be  granted  to  those  who  still  feel 
inclined  to  uphold  the  erroneous  appellation  of  E. 
purpurea.  On  finding  the  white-flowered  form  some 
years  ago  I  own  I  was  somewhat  puzzled,  although 
at  the  time  I  labelled  it  E.  latifolia  alba,  but  since 
then  I  have  found  it  on  various  occasions,  but  always 
in  company  with  the  normal  form  ;  and  after  a  careful 
examination  of  several  hundred  specimens  and  taking 
into  account  the  variability  of  colour  in  the  flowers  of 
E.  latifolia  ,  I  cannot  think  otherwise  than  that  it  is 
but  a  well-marked  form  that,  save  in  colour  of 
flowers,  differs  in  no  way  from  the  normal  species. 
The  purple  form  is,  as  regards  colour  of  flowers,  as 
extreme  in  an  opposite  direction  to  the  white  ;  and 
during  the  past  season  I  could  in  one  wood  alone 
have  shown  all  gradations  of  colour  from  almost  pure 
white  through  the  norma!  green  to  the  deep  pinky- 
purple  of  the  so  called  E.  purpurea.    A.  D.  Webster. 

Tropjeolum  tdcolorum. — When  well  grown  and 
nicely  in  flower  this  is  a  beautiful  object.  Formerly 
it  was  to  be  found  in  most  collections  of  planls  ;  of  late 
years  its  culture  seems  to  have  fallen  off,  and  it  is  only 
rarely  it  is  seen.  It  is  a  plant  of  easy  culture  when  it 
is  understood,  but  to  the  uninitiated  its  culture  is  not 
so  easy.  The  tubers  when  dormant  should  be  kept 
in  boxes  of  very  dry  sand  and  be  placed  on  shelves  in 
a  cold  house  where  mice  cannot  get  to  them.  This  is 
a  matter  that  should  be  attended  to,  otherwise  they 
will  eat  the  whole  of  the  tubers.  When  the  tubers 
break  into  growth,  which  will  be  in  general  some  time 
in  August,  they  should  at  once  be  potted  into  the  pots 
they  are  intended  to  flower  in.  Pots  of  S  or  10  inches 
in  diameter  will  do  for  all  the  larger-sized  tubers  ; 
smaller  tubers  should  be  put  into  smaller  pots.  The 
pots  should  be  well  drained  and  a  layer  of  decayed 
manure  should  be  placed  over  the  drainage.  They 
will  do  well  in  a  compost  of  loam,  peat,  and  sand. 
The  soil  should  be  well  pressed  into  the  pots  and 
made  level  with  the  rims.  The  tubers  should 
then  be  put  into  the  soil  in  the  centre  of  the 
pots,  planting  them  only  a  little  below  the  surface  of 
the  soil.  The  smaller  tubers  should  be  planted  in 
small  pots  and  the  larger  tubers  into  larger  ones.  The 
young  shoots  are  very  liable  to  be  broken  off  when  in 
a  young  state,  especially  if  they  have  not  been 
exposed  to  the  light.  This  should  be  carefully 
guarded  againt  by  securing  them  neatly  to  slakes,  so 
that  the  shoots  do  not  snap  ofl'  if  the  plants  should  get 
shaken.  They  may  be  trained  to  any  form  of 
trellis,  but  they  look  as  well  on  balloon-shaped  trellises 
as  on  any  othes  form.  The  best  place  to  grow  them  in 
is  a  house  having  a  temperature  of  about  45°  by  night 
and  50'  by  day  ;  this  will  suit  them  well  during  the 
autumn  and  winter  months,  but  the  temperature 
should  not  be  allowed  to  fall  lower.     They  should  be 


November  21,   1KS5,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONIC 


661 


placed  on  a  stage  and  kept  near  the  light.  They 
should  be  looked  over  nearly  daily,  and  the  young 
shoots  kept  neatly  tied  in  to  the  trellis.  They  will 
not  require  much  watering  until  they  begin  to  root 
freely  into  the  soil,  when  they  will  require  watering 
more  freely.  In  March  and  April,  when  the  plants 
begin  to  cover  the  trellis  they  will  require  liberal 
supplies  of  water.  During  the  autumn  and  winter 
months  they  must  be  kept  growing  steadily  ;  the 
plants  will  now  begin  to  cover  the  trellises,  and 
towards  the  end  of  April  and  during  May  they 
will  begin  to  flower  freely,  and  for  two  or  three 
months    are     beautiful     objects,     especially     during 


will  soon  vegetate.  When  the  young  plants  are  a  few 
inches  in  length  they  should  be  carefully  potted  off, 
the  best  of  them  singly  into  small  pots,  and  the 
smaller  plants  three  or  four  in  a  pot.  The  whole, 
when  potted,  should  be  put  into  a  gentle  heat. 
When  they  get  nicely  into  growth  they  should 
be  placed  near  the  light,  and  have  plenty  of 
air  given  to  them.  Toward  the  beginning  or 
middle  of  August  the  whole  of  the  seedlings 
will  require  a  shift  into  larger  pots.  After  they 
are  potted  they  should  be  kept  near  the  light, 
and  in  a  nice  gentle  heat.  Towards  the  spring  the 
plants  will  begin  to  flower,  and  will  continue  to  do 


house  at,  say,  65' ;  in  about  a  fortnight  they  will  have 
started  into  growth.  The  heads  are  then  taken  oflf 
with  a  sharp  knife,  sufTiciently  low  to  allow  of  strip- 
ping a  dozen  or  so  leaves  from  the  base  of  the  severed 
head.  These  leaves  are  then  laid  upon  pans  of  sandy 
compost,  and  a  good  percentage  of  them  will  make 
plants  in  time  to  be  used  the  same  season,  the  heads 
being  pressed  into  pans  of  similar  compost  sufficiently 
low  to  hold  them  in  position  until  rooted,  which  in 
the  temperature  mentioned  will  be  in  about  a  month. 
The  old  stools  are  carefully  stowed  away,  and  these 
produce  a  good  supply  of  offshoots.  Although  in  the 
winter   season   this    Echeveria   cannot   bear  artificial 


Fig.    148. — ABIES    MAGNIFICA  :    CONK,    LEAVES,    LEAF  SECTION.      A  A,    RESIN   CANALS  J     SCALES   AND   BRACT   FROM   THE   BAClv,    FRONT,    AND   SIDE. 
BRACTS    IN   THE   TYPE  SHORTER  THAN    THE  SCALE,    IN  SOME  VARIETIES    LONGER,    BUT   INCURVED. 


May  and  June.  They  should  be  taken  to  the  cooser- 
vatory  or  to  a  cool  house,  where  they  will  continue 
to  flower  for  two  or  three  months.  About  the  end  of 
Tune  and  during  July  the  flowers  will  begin  to  decay, 
the  plant  should  then  be  removed  to  a  warm  house  to 
perfect  and  ripen  the  seed.  When  the  seed  is  ripe  it 
should  be  gathered  and  kept  in  sand  until  the  end  of 
July  or  August,  and  then  sown  thinly  in  pots. 
The  old  tubers  should  be  taken  out  of  the  soil  and 
placed  in  some  boxes  of  sand,  and  put  where  the 
mice  cannot  get  to  them  until  the  season  for  starting 
comes  round  again.  The  seed  will  vegetate  quicker 
and  better  if  steeped  in  cold  water  ten  or  twelve 
hours.  When  this  is  done  the  outside  covering  is 
easily  removed,  and  the  seeds  grow  sooner.  After 
the  seed  is  sown  it  should  be  put  into  a  nice  heat  :  it 


so  for  some  time.  When  the  stems  have  died  back 
the  tubers  should  be  taken  out  of  the  soil  and  put 
into  boxes  of  dry  sand,  and  stored  as  before  stated. 
By  attention  to  the  foregoing  details  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  growing  to  perfection  this  beautiful 
greenhouse  climber.  M,  Saul,  Holgate^  York. 

Echeveria  Peacocki. — Among  modern  introduc- 
tions to  our  gardens  this  Echeveria  is  destined  to  take 
a  high  place.  I  well  remember  three  years  ago  seeing 
it  for  the  first  time  out-of-doors  at  Hampton  Court. 
To  those  who  grow  it  for  bedding  purposes,  but  who 
may  not  be  successful  in  propagating  it  in  large  quan- 
tities, the  following  is  the  modus  operandi  which  we 
find  to  be  the  best.  About  the  middle  of  February 
select  the  largest   plants  and   place  them  in  a  warm 


heat,  its  greatest  enemy  is  damp.  There  is  a  weevil 
which  is  very  fond  of  it,  but  if  the  soil  is  carefully 
prepared  this  can  in  great  measure  be  guarded  against. 
This  variety  does  not  produce  offshoots  in  the  way 
many  of  the  commoner  kinds  do,  but  it  is  capable  of 
being  grown  to  large  size,  and  is  then  invaluable 
either  as  dot  plants  in  beds  or  as  decorative  plants  for 
indoor  work.  H,  L  ,  Leamington. 

Scottish  Annual  Hiring  System. — To  day  was 
the  Martinmas  Term  (Nov.  Il)  in  Scotland,  the  time 
when  it  is  the  practice  among  young  gardeners  to 
change  their  situations,  the  majority  of  them  coming 
to  Edinburgh,  to  try  to  get  a  situation  through  the 
medium  of  the  nurserymen.  This  Term  fully  the 
average   number  of  men  have  turned  up,   and,  as  a 


662 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[November  si,  i88j. 


class,  they  appear  to  be  a  decided  improvement  on 
the  men  of  a  few  years  ago— clean,  smart,  and  in- 
telligent-lookin«  young  fellows;  but  the  bad  times 
make  it  very  difficult  for  even  the  pick  of  them  to 
find  good  berths,  and  many  good  men  must  seek 
other  employ.nent  for  the  winter.  The  system  of 
jearly  changing  of  places,  which  has  so  long  been 
in  vogue  in  Scotland,  is  not  one  that  can  be  re- 
commended, and  it  is  becoming  evident  that  it  is  not 
at  all  suited  to  the  advanced  times  in  which  we  live. 
It  is  objected  to  by  all  parties— employers,  gar- 
deners, nurserymen,  and  the  young  men  themselves; 
but  it  is  diflicult  to  eradicate  the  long-established 
custom.  It  is  a  matter  that  chiefly  concerns  gar- 
deners ;  and  if  they  were  at  all  unanimous  in  putting 
a  stop  to  the  useless  practice,  there  would  soon  be 
an  end  to  it.  Let  us  hope  the  day  will  soon  come, 
and  that  the  "  droves  "  of  young  gardeners  infesting 
the  streets  of  Edinburgh  at  Term-time  will  eie  long 
be  a  thing  of  the  past.  N.  B. 

Gladioli  Ripening-off.— Some  of  these  are  very 
late  in  flowering  this  season,  and  as  it  is  sometimes 
necessary  to  clear  the  beds  as  early  as  possible  in 
order  to  get  thepi  dressed  during  the  winter,  it  is 
well  to  lift  the  bulbs,  with  some  soil  adhering  to 
them,  cutting  avay  the  fljwer-slems  previously,  and 
then  plant  them  out  under  a  south  wall,  placing 
some  fine  potting-bench  soil  about  the  roots.  If  this 
practice,  which  is  a  good  deal  followed  by  growers 
having  small  gardens,  be  carried  out  with  care,  the 
ripening  process  will  he  hastened  without  doing  any 
injury  to  the  bulbs.  Th;y  can  then  be  lilted  at  the 
pioper  time— that  is,  when  ready-and  stored  away 
in  the  usual  manner.  This  early  lifting  will  be 
required  only  in  the  case  of  late  seasons  like  the 
present.  R.  D. 

Wax  Climber.  — I  have  already  published  the 
fact  that  the  Microloma  lineare  is  in  flower  with  me 
at  present  ;  and  I  would  like  to  know  through  your 
columns  whether  any  one  else  has  yet  flowered  it  in 
Britain.  James  ll'iison,  jun..  Plot  tit,  frv.,  Crecmide 
Gardens,  St.  Andrews,  N.B. 


EDINBURGH  BOTANICAL  :  Nov.  12. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  fiftieth  session  of  this  Society 
was  held  at  5.  St.  Andrew  Square  :  Professor  Dickson, 
President,  in  the  chair.  The  office-bearers  for  the 
ensuing  session  were  duly  elected  : — 

President:  Professor  Dickson,  M.D..  LL.D..  F.R.S  E. 

Vice-Presidents  :  W.  B.  Boyd,  of  Fatdonside  ;  T.  A.  G. 
Balfour,  M.D.,  F  R.C.S.E  ,  F.R  S  E  ;  Alexander 
Huchan,  A.M.,  F.R.S.E.  ;  Hugh  Cleghorn,  M.D., 
F.R.S.E. 

Councillors  :  Rev.  John  Macmurtrie,  M..\.  ;  Robert 
Lind5;iy.  Patrick  Geddes,  F.R.S.E.  ;  Symington  Grieve. 
Andrew  Taylor.  F.C  S-  ;  William  Sanderson,  Rev.  T.  M. 
Robertson.  M.A.  ;  William  Watson  M  D.  ;  Robt^rt  Gray. 
F.R.S.E.  :  William  Craig.  M.D..  F.R.C.S.E..  F.R.S.E. 

Honorary  Secretary  :  Professor  Douglas  MacLngan, 
M.D.,  F.R.S.E. 

Honorary  Curator  :  The  Professor  of  Botany. 

Foreign  Secretary:  Andrew  P.  Aiiken,  M.A.,  Sc.D., 
F.R.S.E. 

Treasurer  :  Patrick  Neill  Eraser. 

Assistant  Secretary  :  John  M.  MacFarlane.  D.Sc, 
F.R.S.E. 

Tlie  second  part  of  volume  xv.  of  the  Transactions, 
concluding  Dr.  Spruce's  work  "  On  the  Hepaticx  of  the 
Amazon  and  Andes,"  was  laid  on  the  table. 

The  following  communications  were  read  : — 

I.  "On  the  Fertilisation  of  Epipactis  latifolia."  By 
A.  D.  Webster,  Llandegai,  Penrhyn. 

"  Having  during  the  past  few  years,  but  more  parti- 
cularly the  summer  of  1835,  devoted  considerable  atten- 
tion to  the  above  interesting  subject,  I  have  thought  the 
following  observations  not  unworthy  of  record,  more  par- 
ticularly as  contributing  a  mite  towards  a  subject  which, 
although  it  has  already  received  some  attention,  may  still 
be  considered  as  in  its  infancy.  In  the  woodlands  of  this 
county  (Carnarvonshire),  where  the  above  plant  grows 
in  unu-^ual  quantity,  exceptional  opportunities  have  been 
afforded  me  of  studying  it  inider  various  circumstances 
as  regards  soil,  altitude,  and  situation. 

"  All,  or  nearly  all.  my  observations  certainly  tend  to 
point  out  (i)  that  Epipactis  latifolia  is  very  imperfectly 
fertilised;  (2),  that,  although  visited  by  insects,  cross- 
iertilisation  seldom  takes  place  ;  and  {3).  that  self-fertili- 
sation by  the  pollen  falling  spontaneously  on  the  stigma 
is  not  uncommon." 

We  give  only  the  proof  of  the  first  two  propositions  :— 

"  I.  That  the  plant  is  only  very  imperfectly  fertilised 
is  only  too  evident  from  the  small  quantity  of  seed  pro- 
duced. On  examining  nearly  one  hundred  of  these 
plants  when  the  seeds  were  ripe  in  October,  I  was  per- 
fectly surprised  at  the  small  number  of  capsules  pro- 


duced. (Tlie  ovules  of  unfertilised  flowers  drop  from  off 
the  plant  at  an  early  date,  thus  affording  an  unerring 
guide  as  to  the  difference  between  barren  and  well-filled 
capsules.) 

' '  I  examined  nineteen  plants  that  were  growing  in  con- 
secutive order  in  one  wood,  and  out  of  a  possible  of  492 
capsules  only  thirty-eight  produced  seed.  Thinking 
that  perhaps  the  density  of  foliage  or  maritime  situation 
of  the  wood  might  account  for  this  unusually  small  pro- 
duction of  seed,  I  examined  the  plant  in  quantity  in  two 
other  warm,  shady  woodlands,  but  with  almost  similar 
results.  Sixteen  plants  grov;ing  within  a  short  distance 
of  each  other  produced  from  516  flowers  only  thirty-two 
capsules,  while  in  another  wood  similarly  situated  twenty- 
six  were  produced  out  of  a  total  of  215.  This  small  pro- 
duction of  seed,  more  particularly  in  an  unusually  fine 
season  Hke  that  of  1&35.  clearly  points  out  that  Epipactis 
latifolia  is  most  imperfectly  fertilised  and,  as  will  be  seen 
hereafter,  that  cross-fertilisation  by  insect  agency  seldom 
takes  place.  T  he  conclusions  we  naturally  arrive  at  are  that 
this  Orchid  is  more  frequently  self  than  cross-fertilised, 
but,  when  the  small  production  of  seed  is  taken  into 
account,  very  imperfectly  by  either  method. 

"  -J..  That  although  visited  by  insects  cross-fertilisation 
seldom  takes  place  is  proved  out  by  the  following  obser- 
vations : — Amongst  insects  of  sufficient  size  to  remove 
the  pollinia  that  I  have  seen  visiting  the  flowers  of  this 
Epipactis,  I  may  particularly  mention  the  red-tailed 
humble-bee  and  our  common  wasp,  the  latter,  however, 
but  very  rarely.  On  the  other  hand  the  red-tailed 
humble-bee  visits  the  flowers  of  this  plant  frequently,  but 
owing  to  its  peculiar  method  of  sipping  up  the  nectar 
without  re  illy  entering  the  flower,  never  removes  the 
pollinia.  On  August  21,  1885,  being  in  a  wood  where 
beds  of  this  plant  were  in  full  flower,  I  saw  the  above 
bee  enter  several  flowers  on  two  different  plants  that 
were  growing  side  by  side  without  in  any  case  removing 
the  pollinia.  On  the  24th  of  the  same  month  and  in  the 
same  wood  I  saw  a  red-tailed  humble-bee  visit  succes- 
sively no  le.^s  than  sixteen  flowers  on  a  spike  of  this 
Epipactis  without  removing  any  of  the  pollinia.  In  this 
case  the  spike  of  flowers  was  so  dense  that  the  bee  simply 
crawled  from  one  to  the  other  in  a  spiral  fashion  from 
bottom  to  top  without  once  bringing  its  head  or 
proboscis  in  contact  with  the  viscid  disc  at  the  base 
of  the  pollinia.  After  sucking  the  nectar  from  the 
last  flower  it  flew  off  lor  a  few  yards,  but  im- 
mediately returned  and  revisited  three  of  the  same 
flowers,  but  this  time  in  a  sort  of  half-discontented 
(ashion  as  if  striving  to  improve  on  work  that  had  been 
already  well  done.  Agttin  on  the  26ih  of  the  same 
month  1  saw  several  of  the  same  bees  visit  the  flowers  of 
this  plant  (one  visited  most  of  the  flowers  on  seven  plants 
in  succession)  without  removing  the  pollen,  although, 
being  close  to.  I  noticed  them  visit  numerous  flowers 
that  contained  the  pollen  masses.  The  bees  hung  on 
the  distal  portion  of  the  labellum  and  inserted  their  long 
proboscis  without  the  head  coming  in  contact  with  the 
viscid  disc.  This,  the  26th,  was  a  lovely  evening,  and  I 
spent  fully  an  hour  watching  the  plants,  but  during  all 
that  time,  although  wasps  were  flying  about  in  number 
not  one  visited  a  flower.  (This  certainly  was  quite  the 
opposite  of  what  I  expected,  as  several  naturalists  are 
under  the  belief  that  this  Epipactis  is  constantly  ferli- 
hsed  by  ttiis  insect,  one,  indeed,  going  so  far  as  to  say 
that  if  wasps  were  becoming  extinct  in  any  locality,  so, 
in  all  probability,  would  Epipactis  latifolia.)  On  other 
occasions,  however,  I  did  see  the  common  wasp  visit 
several  flowers,  but  the  visits  were  short,  and,  if  I  may 
use  the  expression,  heartless,  as  if  it  could  derive  but 
little  therefrom.  Owing  to  their  long  narrow  shape  and 
short  proboscis  wasps  remove  the  pollen  masses  with 
ease,  for  I  have  caught  them  immediately  after  coming 
out  of  the  flower  with  the  pollinia  attached  to  their  head, 
but  as  these  visits  are  few  and  far  between  fertilisation 
by  this  way  is  certainly  of  rare  occurrence.  In  numerous 
instances,  also,  the  pollen  masses  will  be  found  glued  to 
the  upper  sepal  of  the  flower,  which  is  done  as  follows  : 
— The  wasp  on  entering,  more  particularly  a  newly- 
opened  flower,  geu  the  pollinia  attached  to  its  head 
when  sucking  the  nectar,  but  immediately  on  entering 
another  flower  the  upper 'sepal  is  so  situated  that  the 
sharp  stiff  edge  comes  in  contact  with  the  viscid  sub- 
stance,  and,  together  with  the  poUinia,  is  left  attached 
to  it.  This.  I  may  say,  I  have  never  seen  take  place, 
but  repeated  experiments  bear  out  the  statement.  It  is 
also  readily  illustrated  with  a  pencil.  In  various  other 
parts  of  the  plant  it  is  not  at  all  uncommon  to  find  the 
pollen  masses  attached  as  if  the  discs  were  not  sufficiently 
viscid  to  retain  their  hold  on  the  insect's  head,  and  on 
more  than  one  occasion  I  have  found  them  left  unbroken, 
or  in  their  entirety,  on  the  stigmatic  surface.  Small 
insects  also  visit  the  flowers  in  numbers,  as  I  have 
watched  them  creeping  about  within  the  labellum  and 
other  parts  of  it  ;  but  in  numerous  instances  many  of 
these  \i  hich  come  in  contact  with  the  viscid  stigma  are 
unable  to  free  themselves,  and  so  perish.  The  largest 
insect  thati  have  seen  killed  in  this  way  was  ^^  of  an  inch 
in  length.  When  the  plants  begin  to  wither,  or  imme- 
diately after  fertilisation  takes  place,  the  distal  portion  of 
the  labellum  curves  upwards,  and  effectually  closes  the 
entrance  to  the  basal  portion  or  nectary,  but  for  what  ' 
good  end  I  am  totally  at  a  loss  to  know." 
(To  be  continued.) 


SOUTHAMPTON    HORTICULTURAL  : 
November  3  and  4. 

The  autumn  exhibition  of  Chrysanthemums  and  fruit 
was  held  in  the  Victoria  Skating  Rink,  a  place  specially 
adapted  to  the  purpose.  The  lateness  of  the  season  for  the 
queen  of  autumn  flowers,  and  the  early  date  chosen  for 
the  show,  are  causes  which  prevented  the  display  being 
as  good  as  usual,  still  there  was  an  excellent  show. 


Evidently  the  Chrysanthemum  is  gaining  popularity  in 
this  neighbourhood,  judging  from  the  number  of  new 
exhibitors  who  put  in  their  appearance.  Plants  at  this 
southern  town  are  nearly  always  well  shown,  indeed  it 
would  be  diflicult  to  name  a  place  where  they  are  better. 
Cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums  also  were  staged  iti 
considerable  number,  and  of  good  quality  on  the  average. 
Apples,  Pears,  and  Grapes  are  extensively  grown,  and 
were  also  numerously  shown,  and  the  latter  formed  an 
important  item  in  this  exhibition.  Everything  runs 
smoothly  under  the  able  guidance  of  the  small  but  very 
energetic  Mr.  C.  S.  Fuidge.  the  Secretary,  backed  up  as 
he  was  by  an  excellent  committee,  of  whom  Captain 
Gibbs,  who  has  the  best  interests  of  horticulture  at 
heart,  is  chairman. 

Groups. 

For  the  best  arranged  group  of  Chrysanthemums, 
occupying  a  space  of  40  feet,  there  were  but  two  competi- 
tors  ;  but  the  group  from  Mr.  J.  Elland,  gr.  to 
J.  Bailey,  Esq.,  Elmfield  Hill,  Southampton,  was  excel- 
lent in  plants  and  arrangement  ;  Mr.  N.  Blandford  gr 
to  Mrs.  Haslefoot.  Moorhill,  West  End.  was  2d. 

For  six  plants,  incurvtd  or  reflexed.  Mr.  J.  Allen  was 
ist,  with  plants  fully  bloomed,  and  not  too  stifily 
trained;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Joy.  nurservman,  Shiiley,  with 
large  plants,  but  not  so  freely  bloomed. 

For  six  Japanese  plants,  Mr.  Joy  was  ist,  with  plants 
5  feet  m  diameter,  and  carrying  150  blooms  on  each. 
The  same  exhibitor  was  ist  in  the  class  for  nursery- 
men, with  plants  somewhat  similar  in  character. 

Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs,  Bassett 
had  the  best  single  specimen— a  plant  of  Dr.  Sharpe, 
whose  colour  was  rich  in  the  extreme  and  bearing  15^ 
fine  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Allen  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  ]oy. 

Cut  Blooms. 

For  twenty.four  incurved  varieties  distinct,  Messrs 
W.  &  G.  Drover,  were  1st,  with  flowers  rich  in  sub- 
stance,  colour,  and  finish  ;  2d.  Mr.  C.  Denford,  gr.  to 
Sir  F  Fitzwygrani,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Leigh  Park.  Havant. 
whose  blooms  were  larger,  but  not  so  well  staged  as  the 
premier  collection  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Allen. 

For  twenty.four  Japanese  varieties,  distinct,  Mr.  Pen- 
ford  was  ist,  staging  grand  blooms,  large  in  size  and 
well  coloured,  the  following  being  a  few  of  the  best  ;— 
Soleil  Levant,  Oracle,  Balmoreana,  and  J  Deliux  • 
Mr.  W.  Neville,  gr.  to  F.  W.  Flight,  Esq  .  Cornstiles,' 
Twyford,  Winchester,  was  2d,  with  a  neat  good  stand 
well  staged,  the  best  being  Margaret  M.urouch,  M. 
Delaux.  and  Mdlle.  Lacroix.  The  same  exhibitor  had 
the  best  twenty-four  blooms  in  eighteen  varieties  Mr 
W.  H.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford 
Castle,  Salisbury,  was  2d,  this  being  his  first  attempt  at 
Chrysanthemum  growing,  and  right  well  did  he  stage  : 
3d,  Mr.  J.  Allen;  4th.  Mr.  C.  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  F. 
Bathurst,  Clarendon  Park,  Wilts,  who  in  his  arrange- 
ment departed  quite  from  the  orthodox  style  of  setting 
up  blooms.  He  in  this  case  staged  them  as  grown,  with 
foliage,  and  resting  upon  green  moss,  a  margin  of  Iso- 
lepsis  gracilis  putting  a  finish  to  the  bo.\es. 

For  twelve  incurved,  Messrs.  Drover  were  ist  ;  Mr. 
J.  Selden,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Brooke  Firman,  St.  Thomas'i 
East  Cowes,  was  2d,  with  neat  examples  ;  Mr.  Wills 
was  3d. 

For  twelve  Japanese.  Mr.  Renford  had  the  ist  place, 
with  very  fine  produce  ;  ad.  Mr.  W.  Wildsmith,  gr.  to 
Lord  Evcrsley.  Heckfield  Place,  Winchfield,  who  ran 
the  first-named  exhibitor  very  hard  for  ist  place,  so  good 
were  his  blooms. 

Mr.  Penford  had  the  best  twelve  Anemone,  and  same 
number  of  reflexed  kinds,  being  followed  by  Messrs. 
Drover  and  Mr.  Wildsmith,  all  showing  well. 

For  twelve  bloom:;,  shown  as  grown,  with  foliage, 
Messrs.  Allen,  Neville,  Warde,  and  Renford  won^in 
the  order  named. 

Pompons  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Molyneux,  gr.  toW. 
H.  Myers,  E^q.,  Swanmore,  and  at  Bishop's  Walthani! 
and  by  Mr.  Wills. 

For  twelve  blooms,  not  less  than  eight  varieties 
ad,  Mr.  J.  Reynolds,  gr.  to  the  Right  Hon.  H.  Crich- 
ton.  Netley  Castle.  The  best  arranged  stand  of  Chry- 
santhemums and  other  flowers  was  one  from  Miss 
Flight,  which  was  an  elegant  combination  of  colours. 

Miscellaneous. 

Mr.  Blandford  had  the  best  group  of  Orchids,  amongst 
them  being  very  fine  spikes  of  Calanthe  Veitchii  and  C. 
vestita  rubra.  Mr.  Wills  had  best  table  plants  and 
small  Palms  grown  in  6inch  pots.  Amateurs'  groups  of 
Chrysanthemums,  a  new  feature  at  this  show,  were  of 
good  quaUty,  and  should  encourage  future  efforts  ;  this 
is  considered  a  step  in  the  right  direction. 

For  three  bunches,  distinct  varieties  of  Grapes,  Mr. 
Ward  was  ist,  having  Mrs.  Pince.  fine  ;  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  beautifully  coloured  ;  and  Barbarossa,  small 
in  bunch  but  splendidly  coloured,  the  berries  being  of 
large  size;  Mr.  Budd,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Dalgety.  Esq., 
Lockerly  Hall,  Romsey,  was  2d,  his  bunches  of  Mus- 
cat of  Alexandria  and  .'\licante  being  perfect  ;  Mr.  Hall, 
gr.  to  Captain  Davison,  South  Stonehara  House,  was 
3d.  showing  splendid  bunches  of  Ahcante. 

For  three  bunches  black,  Mr.  M.  Molyneux  was  ist 
with  bunches  of  black  Barbarossa,  weighing  in  the 
aggregate  16  lb.,  fine  in  berry  and  colour;  2d,  Mr. 
Hall,  with  Ahcante,  handsome  in  shape,  and  having  a 
dense  bloom  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Grant,  gr.  to  Major  Murray, 
Ossemsley  Manor,  Chrislchurch,  with  Black  Alicante, 
extra  large  berries. 

For  two  bunches  of  white  Mr.  W.  Saunders,  gr.  to 
J.  East,  Esq.,  Longstock  House,  Stockbridge.  was  ist 
with  faultless  examples  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria;  Mr. 
Ward  and  Mr.  Budd  were  respectively  2d  and  3d. 

For  two  bunches  of  black  and  same  number  of  white 
Mr.  Penford  was  ist.     The  heaviest  bunch  was  one  oi 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


663 


Barbarossa.  from  Mr.  Ward,  weighing  lo  lb.  ;  Mr.  Hall 
followed  with  Alicante.  Mr.  Wildsmith  had  the  best 
Pine-apple. 

Dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears  were  shown,  some  fine 
samples  coming  from  Mr.  Wildsmilh,  Mr,  ].  Busby,  Mr. 
Sdunders.  K.  H,  Goodwin,  Esq.,  and  other  growers  in 
the  county. 

Nine  exhibitors  of  eight  varieties  of  vegetables  com- 
peted, making  a  grand  display,  the  quality  in  most 
instancei  being  excellent,  ist,  Mr.  |.  Cox,  gr.  to  R.  K. 
Wyndhani,  Eiq.,  Corhnmpton  House,  Bishop's  Wal- 
tham.  his  best  dishes  being  Lyons  Leek.  Rousham  Park 
Onion.  While  Gem  Celery,  and  Improved  Magnum 
Bonum  Potatos  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Pope,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Carnarvon.  Highclerc  Castle.  Newbury,  whose  dishes  of 
Intermediate  Carrots,  Tomatos,  and  autumn  Cauliflowers 
were  particularly  fine  ;  3d,  Mr.  Saunders  ;  4lh.  Mr.  E. 
Molyneux.     Mr.  Budd  had  the  best  collection  of  salads. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.,  Exeter,  staged  180 
dishes  of  Apples  and  fifty  dishes  of  Pears  of  excellent 
quality,  the  colouring  bemg  particularly  rich.  These  and 
six  fine  Pine-apples  by  Mr.  Wildsmith  were  amongst  the 
items  not  for  competition.  £.  J/.  -S. 


WEST    KENT   CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SHOW  : 

November  10  and  11. 

This  Society  has  been  in  existence  some  eight  years, 
and  keeps  on  increasing  in  the  quantity  and  quality  of 
the  plants  and  flowers  competing  in  the  various  classes. 
The  exhibition  was  held  in  the  Public  HaU,  Eexley 
Heath.  ,      , 

The  Silver  Cup  offered  in  the  open  class  for  forty- 
eight  blooms,  twenty-four  incurved  and  twenty-ionr 
Japanese  varieties,  brought  out  six  competitors,  all 
showing  good  col k'ct ions.  In  a  close  run  Mr.  J.  Martin, 
gr.  to  C.  N.  Kidd,  Esq.,  Darlford.  took  ist,  with  full- 
sized  even  flowers,  his  Japanese  varieties  especially  were 
large  and  in  beautiful  condition  ;  Mr.  Whittle,  gr.  to 
C.  H.  GoEcheu.  E^q-,  .\ddington.  who  was  zd,  had  a 
^ood  lot  of  incurved  flowers,  but  a  fewof  his  Japanese 
kinds  were  not  quite  up  to  the  mark  ;  Mr.  SharpL-,  gr. 

to    Hatcheit,     Ejq  ,     Lee,    took   3d,    some   of   the 

flowers  in  this  stand  not  being  sufliciently  out. 

Plants  in  Pots,  OrEN. 

Six  bush-shaped,  large-flowered  Chrysanthemums.— 
ist,  Mr.  Mitchell,  staging  moderately  sized  specimens, 
evenly  flowered  ;  2d,  Mr.  Burgess,  who  had  taller 
plants  less  closely  trained. 

Six  standards. — These  were  very  well  done  ;  in  a  close 
run  Mr.  Burgess  scored  ist.  Mr.  Mitchell  2d. 

Single  specimen  trained  Chrysanthemum.— ist,  Mr. 
Mitchell  ;  2d,  Mr.  Burgess. 


BATH    CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW: 
November  11  and  12, 

The  committee  of  management  and  the  energetic 
Secretary  of  the  Bath  Floral  Ft^ie  and  Band  Committee, 
are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  success  of  the  show  of 
Chrysanthemums,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  which  was 
held  in  the  Assembly  Rooms  on  the  above  dates,  and 
which  was  larger  than  any  previous  show  of  the  kind. 
Tne  trained  plants,  which  were  neat  without  being  stiff, 
and  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums  were,  on  the  whole, 
of  a  high  order  of  merit,  as  also  were  the  Grapes.  Pears, 
Apples,  and  vegetables,  ornamental  fohage  and  flowering 
plants,  Primulas,  &c. 

Plants. 

In  the  class  for  six  large  flowered  distinct  varieties, 
Mr.  E.  Silcox,  gr.  to  Mr.  W.  Vowles,  secured  chief 
honours  wi^h  dwarf,  well-trained,  and  grandly-flowered 
plants,  inclusive  of  one  of  Mrs.  Dixon,  to  which  the 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society's  Silver  Medal  for  the 
best  plant  in  the  show  was  awarded.  Mr.  R.  B.  Cater. 
Bath,  was  a  good  2d  ;  and  Mr.  G.  Tucker,  gr.  to  Major 
Clarke,  Trowbridge,  was  3d. 

Mr.  F.  J.  Walters  had  the  best  four  plants,  showing 
good  specimens  ;  Mr.  H.  Scott  had  the  2d  best,  and 
Mr.  A.  A.  Wallers  the  3d  best  lot,  all  showing  creditably 
grown  plants. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Brown  had  the  best  six  plants,  distinct 
varieties,  of  Japanese  ;  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd  the  2d  best,  and 
Mr.  G.  Tucker  the  3d  best,  and  ist  in  the  next  class  for 
a  like  number  of  pompons. 

Mr.  ].  E.  Morns,  gr.  to  R.  B,  Cater,  Esq  ,  was  ist  for 
specimen  plant  (pyramidally  trained)  with  Peter  the 
Great,  7  feet  high  and  nearly  5  feet  through  at  the  base  ; 
Mr.  Southard,  gr.  to  J.  Brown,  Esq.,  was  2d,  with  the 
same  variety  ;  and  Mr.  Silcox  3d,  and  ist  for  a  similarly- 
trained  plant  of  pompon  ;  Mr.  jolly  being  2d. 

Mr.  James  Lee,  gr.  to  T.  M.  Miller,  Esq.,  was  ist  in 
class  8  with  Mrs.  G.  Rundle  (which  also  received  the 
2  guinea  prize  which  was  offered  for  the  best  plant  in  the 
show  grown  by  amateurs)  ;  equal  2d,  Mr.  Morris  and 
Mr.  Silcox,  showing  Peter  the  Great  and  Mrs.  Dixon 
respectively. 

In  the  class  for  three  incurved  and  three  Japanese, 
combining  best  foliage  and  bloom  with  most  natural 
growth,  there  was  only  one  lot  put  up  by  Mr.  W.  J. 
Brown,  who  was  awarded  ist  place. 

Primulas  were  shown  largely  and  well  in  the  class  for 
twelve  plants  (one  in  each  pot),  six  dark  and  six  light, 
single— ist,  Mrs.  Walker  ;  2d,  Mr.  H,  Lord  ;  and  Mrs. 
Home  was  3d,  aU  showing  large,  well-flowered  plants  of 
a  very  good  strain. 

For  SIX  plants,  any  colour,  single,  Mr.  T.  M.  Miller 
was  ist ;  Mr.  Jerom  Murch  2d,  and  Mr.  H.  Bennett  3d. 


Mrs.  Home  was  ist  for  four  plants  of  double-flowered 
Primulas  ;  and  Mr.  T.  Jolly,  2d. 

For  six  ornamental  loliage  plants,  distinct  varieties, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond  was  ist ;  Mr.  J.  W.  Mould,  gr. 
to  E.  E.  Bryant.  Esq.,  2d  ;  and  Mr.  H.  Mardon  was^d^ 
all  showing  well ;  and  in  the  class  for  four  plants  ot  a 
liki  description,  Mr.  T.  M.  Miller  v^as  ist,  Mr.  J. 
Murch  2d,  and  Mr.  R.  B.  Cater  3d. 

Mr.  Hawkins,  gr.  to  Thomas  Jolly,  Esq.,  had  the  best 
single  specimen  stove  or  greenhouse  plant  in  afiirly  well 
flowered  plant  of  Eucharis  amazonica  ;  Mr.  Mould  had 
the  2d  best,  showing  Lapageria  rosea,  trained  balloon- 
shape,  and  Mr.  G.  Tucker,  the  3d  best,  with  Ronde- 
letia  speciosa. 

In  the  class  for  three  standard  Chrysanthemums,  dis- 
tinct—ist,  Mr.  S.  P,  Budd  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  J.  Brown  ;  3d, 
Mr.  T.  Jolly. 

Mr.  Cater  had  the  best  six  plants,  dissimilar  varieties, 
for  conservatory  decoration  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  Silcox  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Jolly,  all  showing  well. 

The  class  for  the  best  group  of  Chrysanthemums 
brought  out,* 'capital  competition,  the  plants,  loliage, 
and  flowers,  being  alike  fresh  and  good,  ist,  Mr.  Gay, 
gr.  to  L.  Daubeny,  Esq.  ;  Mr.  Cater  being  a  capital  2d, 
and  Mr.  Budd  a  good  3d~a  Certificate  of- Merit  being 
awarded  to  Mr.  A.  A.  Walters'  group. 

The  three  prizes  for  six  plants  of  Poinsetlias.  brought 
out  dwart  creditably  grown  plants— ist,  Mr.  S.  Tred- 
well  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Tagart  ;  y\.  Mr.  J.  Baily. 

For  a  collection  of  plants  arranged  for  effc;ct  on  a 
space  not  less  than  10  feet  by  4  feet.  Messrs.  George 
CooUng  &  Son,  Bath  were  ist,  with  a  neatly  arranged 
collection  of  choice  plants,  including  Orchids,  Bou- 
vardias,  Crotons,  Dracienas,  Ferns,  &c.  Mr.  Drummond 
was  a  capital  2d,  and  Mr.  Miller  a  good  3d. 

The  two  prizes  whicli  were  offered  for  the  best  twelve 
plants  of  Cyclamen  brought  out  some  nice  plants,  ist, 
Mr.  A.  A.  Walters;  2d.  Mr.  G  Caraway  ;  a  Cerlificale 
of  Merit  being  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  S.  Ashman. 

There  were  three  lots  of  six  plants  each  of  Bouvardias 
staged.  i5t,  Mr.  G.  Garaway,  with  nice  bushy  plants  ot 
Allred  Neuner,  B.  Hogarth,  B.  jasminceflora,  B.  The 
Bride,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr,  Miller— all  showing  capital  plants, 
well  flowered.  The  last-named  exhibitor  had  the  best 
six  plants  for  table  decoration. 

Cut  Flowers. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms  of  large-flowered 
Chrysanthemums,  exclusive  of  Anemone  and  Japanese, 
not  less  than  twelve  distinct  varieties,  Mr.  W.  Cook,  gr. 
to  J.  Taylor,  Esq.,  was  placed  ist,  with  a  very  good 
stand  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Tagart.  and  Mr.  W.  Iggulden,  gr.  to 
the  Earl  of  Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome.  was  a  good 
3d.  Jeanne  d'Arc  in  this  stand  was  awarded  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  .Society's  Silver  Medal  for  the  best 
bloom  in  th?  show.  A  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded 
lo  Mr.  J,  Marshall  for  his  stand. 

Mr.  L.  Daubeny  had  the  best  stand  of  twelve  distinct 
varieties,  and  Mr.  R.  Richards  the  2d  best,  only  two  lots 
being  staged. 

Mr.  H.  Waite  was  ist  for  six  varieties,  Messrs  J. 
Baily  and  Budd  being  2d  and  3d  in  that  order,  all  show- 
ing well. 

Messrs.  F.  Hooper,  G.  Hooper,  and  Jolly  were  ist, 
2d,  and  3d,  in  the  order  in  which  their  names  appear, 
for  twelve  bunches  of  pompons. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms,  Anemone-flowered,  in 
not  less  than  six  varieties,  Mr.  E.  Cole,  gr.  to  W. 
Pethick,  Esq.,  was  ist,  Mr.  Tagart  and  Mr.  H.  Durham 
being  2d  and  3d  respectively. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  a  like  number  of  blooms 
of  Japanese  Mr.  Iggulden  was  agood  ist,  Mr.  F.  Tagart 
and  Mr.  J.  Marshall  being  2d  and  3d.  Eight  lots  were 
staged  in  this  class.  In  the  following  class  for  twelve 
incurved  blooms,  in  four  distinct  colours,  Messrs.  James 
Taylor,  J.  Marshall,  and  H.  Derham,  secured  the 
prizes  in  that  order. 

Dressed  Vases  and  Bouquets. 

These  were  admirably  shown,  being  composed  of 
tastefully  arranged  choice  flowers.  For  the  best-dressed 
vase  or  epergne  for  table  decoration,  Mr.  E.  T.  Hill 
took  ist  prize  with  a  light,  gracelul  stand.  Mr.  G. 
Garaway  had  the  best  bouquet  for  the  hand,  Mr.  W. 
H.  Mould  the  2d  best,  and  Mr,  E.  Cole  the  3d  best,  all 
with  good  arrangements. 

Fruit. 

The  show  of  fruit  was.  as  regards  both  quantity 
and  quality,  an  excellent  one. 

Grapes. — For  four  bunches  of  Grapes,  not  less  than 
two  varieties,  Mr.  Nash,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort, 
Badminton  House,  Chippenham,  was  ist,  showing  good, 
well-finished  bunches  of  Black  Alicante  and  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ;  Mr.  W.  Taylor,  gr.  to  James  Chiflin,  Esq., 
Bath,  was  a  good  2d  ;  and  Mr.  H.  Carpenter,  Bath,  was 
3d.  Mr.  Nash  was  again  to  the  front  wiih  three  me- 
dium-sized compact  bunches  of  Black  Alicante,  Mr.  W. 
Taylor  being  2d,  with  smaller  and  less  compact,  though 
better  coloured,  bunches  ;  3d,  Mr.  Chedze,  gr.  to  W. 
Duck,  Esq  ,  for  larger  but  badly-finished  examples  of 
the  same  variety  —  Alicante.  Eight  lots  were  staged. 
Mr.  J.  Elliott,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Tugwell,  Esq..  had  the 
best  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  showing  nice 
bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  Mr.  G.  W.  Shelton, 
gr.  to  W.  K.  Waite,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  H.  Carpenter  being 
2d  and  3d  with  the  same  variety. 

There  were  four  collections  of  six  varieties  of  dessert 
fruit  (Pine  excluded)  staged.  Here  Mr.  Nash  was  once 
more  to  the  front,  showing  three  bunches  of  Alicante, 
and  a  like  number  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  both  being 
good  in  bunch,  berry,  and  finish  ;  Golden  Gem  Melon, 
Nonpareil  Apples.  Hacon's  Incomparable  Pear,  and  a 
good  dish  of  Medlars.     Mr.  Iggulden  was  a  good  2d, 


and  Mr.  Banister,  gr.  to  H.  S.  Vincent  Ames,  Esq.,  was 
3d.     Four  collections  were  piil  up. 

Apples  were  well  represented,  as  also  were  Pears.  In 
the  class  (or  six  varieties  of  the  former  (dessert),  six  fruits 
ot  each,  there  were  eleven  lots  put  up,  the  ist  prize  going 
to  Mr.  George  Haltett  for  good  even  dishes  ;  Mr.  G. 
Garav/ay  was  a  good  2d.  as  was  Mr.  E.  Hall  3d. 

Oat  ol  fourteen  lots  ot  four  dishes  each  Mr.  W.  Evry 
had  the  best. 

Mr.  A.  J.  Biss  was  ist  for  eight  fruits  of  one  variety 
(ripe)  ;  Mr.  F.  Ford  was  2d,  and  Colonel  Grant  3d, 
fourteen  dishes  being  shown. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties,  culinary,  six  fruit  of  each, 
there  were  ten  lots  put  up,  the  ist  prize  falling  to  Mr. 
W.  Webber.  Messrs.  Smith  and  Hallett  being  2d  and 
3d  ;  and  in  the  corresponding  class  for  six  fruits  of  one 
variety  Mr.  Buss.  gr.  lo  Mrs.  Hall,  was  ist.  Thirty-two 
dishes  were  shown. 

There  were  three  classes  devoted  to  Pears.      In  the  ist 

.  class,  for  six  varieties,  four  fruits  of  each,  Mr.  W.  John 

Smith  was  ist.  for  ripe,  clean,  cvuri  ftnit  ;  2d,   Mr.   E. 

Smith,  whose  best  dish  was   Beurre  Diel  ;    3d,   Mr.  E. 

Hall.     Eleven  lots  were  staged. 

In  the  next  class,  for  four  varieties,  four  fruits  of  each, 
Mr.  H.  Lord  was  ist,  Mr.  A.  T.  Hall  ad. 

Veget.veles. 
Three  good  collections  of  nine  varieties  were  put  up 
by  Messrs.  G.  Garaway,  T.  Evry,  and-  W.  Tvlee,  who 
took  the  prizes  in  that  order.  The  ist  prize  collection 
contained  some  extra  good  Telegraph  Cucumbers, 
To.matos,  and  Carrots. 


MAIDENHEAD    CHRYSANTHEMUM: 
».    November  11  and  12. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  this  local  .Society  took  place 
on  the  above  dales.  Although  the  third  occasion  on 
which  a  show  has  been  held  this  is  the  first  lime  that 
any  prizes  have  been  awarded  to  the  exhibitors.  Having 
met  with  every  encouragement  in  the  previous  attempt 
to  establish  a  Chrysanthemum  show  the  committee  and 
secretary  felt  emboldened  by  their  efforts,  and  in  their 
schedule  several  substantial  prizes  were  offered  for  this 
season.  This  is  a  most  commendable  system  to  adopt, 
and  fir  preferable  to  launching  forth  with  a  flourish  of 
trumpets  and  high  prizes  in  ihe  first  instance,  often 
resulting  in  a  balance  on  the  wrong  side.  The  com-' 
mitlee  have  every  reason  to  be  5ati>fied  with  their 
labours  so  far,  their  mode  ol  procedure  being  worthy  of 
imitation. 

For  groups  of  plant?,  quality  and  eftect  combined,  Mr. 
Owen,  Boyne  Hill  Nurseries,  Maidenhead,  staged  an 
admirable  collection,  chiefly  consisting  of  Japanese 
kind^.  The  notable  features  of  this  group  were  the  fine 
blooms,  the  varied  colours,  and  the  remarkably  dwarf 
and  sturdy  character  of  the  plants  ;  Mr.  ■  Elliott,  gr.  to 
].  Hibbert,  Esq.,  coming  2d,  with  an  effective  group 
which  would  have  been  improved  had  a  little  more 
thinning  of  the  blooms  been  practised. 

Mr.  Hopkins,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Burrows,  Esq.,  took  all 
three  of  the  premier  awards  for  specimen  plants 
(incurved,  reflexed,  and  Japanese). 

Cut  bloom  classes. — Mr.  Elliott  was  the  strongest 
competitor,  taking  ist  for  twelve  incurved  kinds  with  a 
very  even  set.  For  twelve  Japanese  the  same  grower  stood 
ist  with  fine  blooms,  likewise  with  incurved  varieties. 
In  each  case  Mr.  Sharretl,  gr.  to  Miss  Harrison, 
Maidenhead  Thicket,  was  a  very  close  competitor  with 
fine  flowers. 

The  amateur  exhibitors  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
fine  blooms  that  were  staged  by  a  few  of  the  best 
growers,  they  being  evidently  well-up  in  Chrysanihe- 
Muim  culture.  Mr.  Hance  and  Mr.  Arrowsmith  were 
the  most  successful. 

A  class  devoted  to  the  ladies,  for  the  best-arranged 
bi-k'-'t,  with  the  option  of  using  other  foliage  in  com- 
bination therewith,  produced  some  lively  competiiion, 
Miss  Temple,  o(  Braywick  Lodge,  taking  the  ist  prize, 
with  a  very  pleasing  arrangement,  some  tinted  Vine 
leaves  being  worked  in  with  good  effect. 

The  black  Grape  class  brought  out  two  grand  bunches, 
splendidly  coloured,  of  Gros  Colmar,  fiom  Mr.  Lockie, 
gr.  to  Lord  Fitzgerald.  Oakley  Court,  to  whicli  the  ist 
prize  was  deservedly  awarded,  the  2d  going  to  two  good 
bunches  of  Lady  Downe's,  from  Mr.  Hopkins. 

Other  fruits  were  shown  in  considerable  numbers, 
consisting  of  the  various  Apples,  Pears,  &c.,  now  in 
season.  J.  H. 

READING   CHRYSANTHEMUM: 
November  13. 

It  should  be  noted  that  this  is  a  distinct  exhibition 
from  those  held  by  the  Reading  Horticultural  Society. 
It  is  carried  out  by  an  independent  committee,  Mr.  f<. 
D.  Catchpool  being  the  Hon.  Secretary  and  Manager. 
This  is  the  second  show,  and  took  place  in  the  two  halls 
of  the  new  Municipal  Buildings.  It  was  a  very  large 
show,  plants,  flowers,  and  fruit  alike  being  of  a  high 
order  of  merit,  and  there  was  a  keen  competion  in  all  the 
leading  classes. 

Plants— Groups. 

The  best  collection  of  Chrysanthemums  occupying  a 
space  of  50  feet,  brought  as  many  as  seven  competitors, 
the  best  coming  from  Mr.  Baskett,  gr.  to  W.  J.  Palmer, 
Esq  .  Reading  :  Mr.  Parham.  gr.  lo  H.  J.  Simonds, 
Esq.,  Reading,  being  2d  ;  two  others  being  placed  equal 
3d,  and  two  equal  4th,  so  good  were  they.  The  plants 
were  well  grown,  and  the  quality  of  the  flowers  decidedly 
high. 

Specimen  plants. — The  best  six.  excluding  Japanese, 
came  from  Mr.  Farey,  gr.  to  C.  Stephens,  Esq.,  Wood- 


664 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  18 


ley  ;  Mr.  Booker,  gr.  to  R.  Tomkins,  Esq  being  2d. 
Thev  were  generally  well  grown  and  flowered,  and  con- 
sisted  of  varieties  usually  grown  as  specimens  Mr 
Powell,  gr.  to  W.  G.  Gill.gan,  Esq.,  had  the  best  three 
plants  ;  Mr.  Franklin,  gr.  to  F  A.  Lueas,  Esq.,  Son- 
nine  being  2d.  Mr.  Booker  had  six  good  plants  of 
Japanese  varieties,  Mr.  Herman,  gr.  to  F.  Skurray.  Esq.. 
being  2d  Mr.  Farey  had  the  best  three,  Mr.  Surman 
being  2d  both  with  well  grown  and  flowered  specimens. 
Mr.  Booker  also  had  the  best  three  and  the  best  speci- 
men standard  varieties,  Messrs.  Surman  and  Neighbour 
taking  "d  prizes.  Mr.  Booker  was  the  only  exhibitor  of 
three  specimen  pompons;  Mr.  Powell  being  ist  with 
three,  and  Mr.  Farey  with  a  single  specimen. 

Cut  Blooms. 
These  were  numerous  and  very  fine,  the  best  stands 
coming  very  close  to  each  other  in  point  of  merit.  The 
best  eighteen  incurved  blooms  came  from  Mr.  Neville, 
gf.o^FW  Flight,  Esq..  Twyford;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Wildsmith.  The  Gardens,  Heckfield  Place,  Winchfield, 
with  an  admirable  lot  of  flowers,  almost  equal  with  Mr. 
Neville's  in  point  of  merit ;  3d,  Mr.  Pope,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Carnarvon,  Highclere.  ,,     c.  ,„  , 

The  best  twelve  blooms  came  from  Mr.  Strong,  Wel- 
Ungton  College,  who  had  a  fine  even  lot  ;  2d  Mr  Hold- 
awly  gr.  to  Major  May,  Basingstoke  ;  3d,  Mr.  Baskett. 
Mr  Kendall,  Roehampton,  had  the  best  six.  which  com- 
prised very  fine  blooms  ;  2d,  Mr.  Jennings,  Farnborough  ; 
3d.  Mr.  Parham.  ,  ,     ,       ,  ... 

The  reflexed  varieties  were  finely  shown  by  Messrs. 
Neville  and  Wildsmith,  the  ist  prize  going  to  the  first- 
named  Mr.  Wildsmith  had  an  excellent  lot  of  blooms 
also  In  the  class  for  six  blooms  they  were  so 
indifferently  showu  that  the  two  leading  prizes  were 
withheld.  .  ,,     . 

Anemone-flowered  Chrysanthemums  were  in  excellent 
form  also.  Mr.  Wildsmith  had  the  best  six,  Mr.  Ken- 
dall being  2d,  and  Mr.  Elliott,  Maidenhead,  3d. 

Mr  Kendall  had  the  best  six  bunches  of  pompons, 
shown  in  trusses  :  Mr.  Wildsmith  being  2d. 

Japanese  Chrysanthemums  were  very  finely  shown,  as 
well  as  numerously.  Four  of  the  stands  of  twelve  varie- 
ties came  very  close  together.  Mr.  Holdaway  was  ist  ; 
2d  Mr.  Neville  ;  equal  3d,  Messrs.  Wildsmith  and 
Baskett  ■  while  two  extra  prizes  were  also  awarded.  Mr. 
Jennings  had  the  best  six.  Mr.  Neighbour  being  2d. 

The  best  bouquet  of  Chrysanthemums  was  shown  by 
Mr.  Phippen,  florist,  Reading  ;  Mr.  Balchin,  gr.  to  B. 
Simonds,  Esq.,  Reading,  being  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Elliott  3d. 

Mr.  Balchin  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  a  vase  of  Chry- 
santhemums, which  was  awarded  a  ist  prize. 

Messrs.  Phillips,  of  Reading,  had  the  best  stand  of  cut 
flowers,  and  also  that  of  flowers  and  foliage.  Mr. 
Neville  had  the  best  six  Roses,  Mr.  Tranter  coming 

Miscellaneous  plants  included  Chinese  Primroses, 
Violets,  Cyclamens,  table  plants,  Bouvardias,  Poinsettias, 
berried  plants,  &c..  all  of  which  helped  the  general 
effect. 

CHESHUNT  CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
November  13  and  14. 
One  of  the  youngest  amongst  Chrysanthemum 
societies,  and  one  of  which  much  is  hoped,  is  that  started 
at  Cheshunt  last  year,  and  that  held  its  second  exhibition 
at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Cheshunt,  on  the  above  dates.  This 
hopeful  augury  is  justified  by  the  fact,  that,  whereas  last 
year  at  the  opening  display  trade  help  was  deemed  a 
necessity,  this  year  such  help  has  been  entirely  dispensed 
with,  nevertheless  a  very  full  and  meritorious  exhibition 
was  'secured.  Groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect 
occupied  the  vantage  ground  of  a  stage,  erected  at 
the  extreme  end  of  the  hall— other  specimens  being 
arranged  at  the  corners  and  around,  the  cut  blooms, 
collections  of  fruit,  vegetables,  &c.,  occupying  three  long 
tables  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  building. 

The  two  prizes  offered  for  the  best  managed  group  of 
plants,  quality  of  blooms  to  be  taken  into  efl'ect,  were  so 
warmly  contested  as  to  force  the  judges  to  award  equal 
ist  prizes,  these  being  won  by  G.  N.  Forward,  Esq., 
and  F.  J.  Debenham,  Esq.,  both  showing  considerable 
merit. 

The  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants,  the  ist  prize 
for  which  was  won  by  W.  G.  Rowlett,  Esq.,  was  a  de- 
servedly popular  one,  the  winner  by  his  mixture  of 
Roman  Hyacinths,  Ferns,  Cyperus,  Dracaenas,  and 
other  flowering  plants,  having  made  a  very  pretty  display. 
For  six  distinct  varieties,  large  flowered,  Robert 
Ewing,  Esq.,  received  ist  prize;  W.  G.  Rowlett, 
Esq..  2d.  ,     J      •       r 

Messrs.  Crocker  and  Horner  won  ist  and  2d  prizes  for 
Primulas,  in  the  order  here  given,  the  plants  of  the 
latter  being  of  fine  growth  and  finish,  yet  wanting  in 
variety. 

An  extremely  fine  plant  of  Adiantum,  grown  in  an 
Orchid-pot,  shown  by  W.  G.  Rowlett,  Esq. ,  received  an 
extra  prize. 

The  class  for  twenty-lour  cut  blooms,  twelve  incurved 
and  twelve  Japanese,  was  a  very  superior  one,  and  after 
severe  competition,  Robert  Ewing  Esq.  (gr.,  J.  Billes- 
worth),  was  awarded  ist  prize,  showing  splendid  blooms  ; 
J.  Pringle,  Esq.,  Pousbourne,  was  2d. 

In  the  succeeding  class,  six  reflexed  and  six  Anemone, 
large-flowered,  the  former  two  exhibitors  won,  maintain- 
ing each  his  former  position. 

The  best  twelve  Anemone,  large,  were  shown  by  Mr. 
J.  Pringle,  Mr.  Ewing  taking  ad  prize. 

Six  large-flowered  Anemone  found  Messrs.  E.  Horner 
and  J.  Warren  equal  ist,  the  latter  exhibitor  winning  ist 
prize  for  six  bunches  of  pompons. 

Mr.  S.  Not,  Albury  House,  was  ist  for  twelve  Japan- 
ese, showing  very  good  blooms  ;  Mr.  E.  Horner  and  Mr. 


Powlett  being  respectively  ist  and  2d  with  six  blooms 
incurved  ;  the  same  exhibitors  being  similarly  bracketed 
for  six  Japanese,  distinct. 

For  four  incurved,  four  Japanese  and  four  Anemone, 
Mr.  R.  Ewing,  Burton  Grange,  was  an  excellent  1st  ; 
the  latter  also  staged  a  large  collection  of  seventy 
fine  blooms,  which  were  Highly  Commended  ;  and 
those  from  E.  Caldecott,  Esq.,  Ingatestone,  consisting 
of  six  Japanese  and  six  incurved,  were  also  Highly 
Commended. 

h'ruit  made  a  good  display.  'Very  fine  Grapes  and 
Apples  from  Mr.  Warren  secured  for  him  ist  prizes,  and 
Mr.  Ewing  won  also  ist  prize  for  Pears. 

The  display  of  vegetables  by  cottagers  deserves  a  word 
of  praise,    W.  E, 


ASCOT,    SUNNINGHILL,  and   DISTRICT 
HORTICULTURAL  :  November    11. 

This  was  the  second  exhibition  of  Chrysanthemums 
held  by  the  Society,  and  it  look  place  in  one  of  the  large 
dining-rooms  in  the  rear  of  the  grand  stand  at  Ascot.  It 
was  a  charming  show,  flowers  and  plants  being  very  good 
indeed,  while  the  fruit  classes  were  well  filled.  We  can 
glance  only  at  a  few  of  the  leading  features,  but  it  must 
be  admitted  the  exhibition  did  great  credit  to  the  Chry- 
santhemum growers  of  the  district. 

In  the  class  for  a  group  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots, 
shown  in  the  form  of  bays,  there  was  a  very  good  and 
keen  competition,  the  ist  prize  going  to  Mr.  Lane,  gr. 
to  Miss  T,  D.  Smith,  King's  Ride,  Ascot,  with  an  ad- 
mirable lot  of  plants  well  grouped  ;  Mr.  Savage,  gr.  to 
Baron  Huddlestone,  Ascot,  coming  2d,  and  Mr.  G.Read, 
gr.  to  A.  Magniac,  i'.sq..  Ascot,  being  3d.  There  were 
seven  groups,  and  prizes  were  awarded  to  six  of  them. 
There  were  several  other  classes  for  plants  in  pots,  but 
while  creditable  to  the  district,  they  did  not  rank  so  high 
in  value  as  the  cut  blooms,  to  which  a  httle  more  atten- 
tion is  given. 

A  class  for  the  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants, 
stove  and  greenhouse,  arranged  for  eftect,  brought  a 
superb  group  from  Mr.  Bant,  gr.  to  J.  C.  Bowring.  Esq., 
Sunningdale,  far  away  the  best  of  its  kind  shown,  and 
worthy  of  the  highest  commendation. 

The  best  eighteen  cut  blooms  of  incurved  Chrysan- 
themums ciime  from  Mr.  Page,  gr.  to  A.  Southard. 
Esq.,  Bracknell,  who  had  excellent  examples  of  both 
old  and  new  kinds  ;  2d,  Mr.  Saunders,  gr.  to  the  Hon. 
A.  Ponsonby,  Ascot,  with  a  lot  only  just  inferior  to  the 
foregoing.  . 

Mr.  Lane  had  the  best  twelve  blooms,  showing 
remarkably  fine  blooms. 

In  the  class  lor  six  varieties  there  was  a  good  compe- 
tition and  excellent  flowers.  Mr.  Lane  had  the  best  six 
flowers  of  one  variety,  staging  very  fine  examples 
of  Lord  Alcester,  and  one  of  these  was  selected  as  the 
best  flower  in  the  room.  Next  in  point  of  merit  was 
Empress  of  India.  Mr.  Savage  had  the  best  six  reflexed, 
staging  capital  flowers. 

In  the  classes  for  twelve  and  six  blooms  of  Japanese 
there  was  a  large  competition  ;  the  best  twelve  came  from 
Mr.  Page,  Mr.  Saunders  being  2d.  The  flowers  were 
large  and  finely  developed. 

A  very  fine  collection  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots, 
margined  with  Bouvardias,  Ferns,  &c.,  was  staged  by 
Messrs.  J.  Standish  &  Co.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot,  and 
highly  commended,  as  also  was  a  fine  lot  of  cut 
blooms  01  Chrysanthemums  shown  by  Colonel  Mallock, 
of  Bagshot. 

Fruit. 

The  best  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  were  Cooper's 
Black,  shown  by  Mr.  Wells,  gr.  to  R.  Ravenhill,  Esq., 
Bracknell  ;  Mr.  Sinclair,  gr.  to  Colonel  Campbell, 
Windsor  Park,  being  2d  with  good  examples  of  Black 
Hamburgh.  Mr.  Sinclair  had  the  best  white  Grapes, 
showing  well  finished  examples  of  Muscat  of  .Alexandria. 

Mr.  Wells  had  the  best  four  dishes  of  Pears,  amongst 
them  Oswego  Beurri5.  a  good-looking  American  kind  ; 
Mr.  Sinclair  was  2d ;  Mr.  Hughes,  gr.  to  H.  F.  de 
Paravicini,  Esq.,  Ascot„was  3d.  „      ,, 

The  best  four  dishes  of  Apples  came  from  Mr.  H. 
Godfrey,  gr,  to  H.  C.  Rothery,  Esq.,  Ribsdon, 
Windlesham,  who  had  excellent  fruits  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sinclair  ; 
Mr.  Wells  was  3d.  .       ,      . 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  offered  prizes  for  the 
best  six  dishes  of  vegetables,  the  leading  prize  going  to 
Mr.  Hughes,  for  a  very  fine  lot. 


twelve  Japanese  and  twelve  incurved  ;  Mr.  F.  Stokes, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  C.  Crosland,  was  2d. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four,  confined  to  local  growers, 
Mr.  W.  Daniels,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Hague  Cook,  was  well  to 
the  front.  This  exhibitor  was  most  successful,  taking 
ist  prizes  in  most  cases.  The  2d  fell  to  Mr.  Chambers, 
gr.  to  J.  'Vickerman,  Esq.,  whose  stand  was  very  meri- 
torious :  3d  was  taken  by  Mr.  H.  Walker.  With  twelve 
blooms  Mr.  Daniels  was  ist.  equal  2d  being  awarded  to 
Mr.  J.  Nettleton  and  Mr.  W.  Chambers,  the  3d  to  Mr. 
J.  Smith. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  incurved  blooms  two  stands 
were  disqualified,  the  judges  considering  that  the  blooms 
under  the  name  of  Empress  of  India  and  White  Globe 
were  the  same  thing,  viz..  Empress  of  India. 

With  six  incurved  Mr.  Daniels  was  ist,  Mr.  A.  E. 
Stott  coming  2d  ;  while  for  six  Japanese,  and  six  re- 
flexed  and  six  pompons,  the  ist  prizes  in  each  case  fell 
to  Mr.  Daniels. 

Three  fine  groups  of  plants  in  flower  were  arranged  ia 
half  circles  in  a  space  containing  54  square  feet  ;  these 
were  just  in  front  of  the  orchestra,  were  very  creditable 
and  much  admired.  The  :st  prize  group,  to  which  a 
beautiful  timepiece  was  awarded,  was  staged  by  Mr.  J. 
Hatch,  gr.  to  J.  F.  Brigg,  Esq.  Here  every  plant  was 
in  the  best  of  health  and  condition,  foliage  good,  well 
developed,  and  fine  coloured  blooms.  The  plants  aver- 
aged  4  to  5  feet  high,  and  were  arranged  as  regards 
colour  in  a  very  admirable  manner.  The  2d  was  taken 
by  Mr.  T.  Carter,  gr.  to  A.  Hurst.  Esq.  ;  the  3d  by  Mr. 
H.  Walker,  gr.  to  Mrs.  G.  Crowther.  These  two  latter 
ones  were  good,  but  a  long  way  inferior  to  the  1st  prize 
group. 

For  three  specimen  plants,  incurved,  Mr.  Hatch  was 
ist,  with  Lord  Alcester.  Empress  of  India,  and  Golden 
Empress  ;  Mr.  Chambers  being  2d.  The  latter  exhibitor 
was  ist  with  three  Japanese,  showing  James  Salter,  Lady 
Selborne,  and  Margot,  in  very  fine  form  ;  Mr.  Green 
was  2d. 

With  three  pompons  Mr.  Green  came  in  ist,  Mr. 
Chambers  2d. 

Some  good  plants  of  Bouvardias,  2  feet  high  and  well 
covered  with  bloom,  were  shown  by  Mr.  Chambers,  and 
were  placed  ist,  the  2d  falling  to  Mr.  W.  Bubb.  Mr. 
Chambers  was  also  placed  ist  with  good  plants  of  Poin- 
settias, and  also  for  three  pots  of  Roman  Hyacinths  ; 
Mr.  Bubb  and  Mr.  Daniels  coming  in  2d  and  3d  in  this 
latter  class. 

There  were  many  plants  of  Chinese  Primulas,  for  the 
most  part  well  done.  The  ist  prize  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Denhara  ;  2d,  by  Mr.  T.  Carter  ;  and  3d  by  Mr.  H. 
Walker. 

Mr.  Bubb  was  the  only  exhibitor  with  three  pots  of 
Calanthes,  and  was  awarded  ist. 

There  were  good  stands  of  twelve  trusses  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  cut  flowers.  Mr.  Chambers  was  placed  1st, 
Mr.  Stevenson  2d,  and  Mr.  Tindle  3d.  Capital  trusses 
of  bright  greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  Lapagena  rosea 
and  L.  alba,  Eucharis,  Amaryllis,  Abutilons,  &c.,  were 
present  in  these  collections. 

Mr.  F.  Stokes  was  ist  with  three  Ferns,  among  which 
was  a  fine  plant  of  Cibotium  Barometz  ;  Mr.  Daniels  was 
2d,  and  Mr.  H.  Walker  3d. 

Some  very  good  bouquets  were  shown,  Mr.  Lamprey 
being  ist,  Mr.  J.  F.  Sharp  2d,  and  Mr.  J.  Bubb  3d. 

Tree  Mignonette  and  good  plants  ot  Eucharis  ama- 
zonica  were  also  shown,  whilst  Epiphyllums  were  staged 
by  several  exhibitors,  Mr.  W.  Daniels  coming  in  ist. 

\  small  quantity  of  fruit  was  shown,  which  was  not 
of  a  very  high  quality. 

There  was  a  good  display  of  table  plants,  neat,  light, 
and  useful,  just  suitable  lor  the  purpose.  Mr.  W. 
Daniels  was  ist,  with  six  ;  Mr.  Chambers  2d,  and  Mr. 
F.  Slokes  3d.  ,,      ,  . 

The  committee  and  Honorary  Secretary,  Mr.  John 
Bell,  have  much  cause  to  be  gratified  with  their  success 
and  the  establishing  of  their  pssilion.    W.  -S. 


HUDDERSFIELD     CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

The  second  annual  exhibition  was  held  in  the  Town 
Hall,  Huddersfield,  on  Friday  and  Saturday,  November 
13  ard  14,  and  was  in  every  way  a  thorough  success. 
Though  this  Society  is  but  of  very  recent  formation,  the 
committee  of  management  have  every  reason  to  be 
pleased  with  their  present  venture,  and  are  encouraged 
to  hope  for  even  better  things,  for  when  once  an  interest 
in  a  certain  class  of  plants  is  created,  it  is  surprising  how 
rapidly  it  extends,  and  many  who  at  first  felt  doubtful 
of  the  possibility  of  establishing  a  good  society  and  show 
in  this  town,  are  constrained  to  become  subscribers, 
and  in  a  very  short  time  will  enter  the  lists  as  com- 
petitors. With  a  very  liberal  schedule,  there  being 
prizes  of  jTio.  £t,  several  /s.  and  a  timepiece  of  ^^5 
value,  it  will  be  seen  there  was  something  to  induce 
strenuous  efforts  being  made. 

In  the  open  class  for  forty-eight  varieties,  distinct, 
twenty-iour  Japanese  and  twenty-four  incurved,  Mr.  W. 
B.  Cox,  gr.  to  'VV.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  Liverpool,  was  the 
only  exhibitor  ;  his  stands  were  of  a  splendid  order,  just 
such  as  we  look  for  from  gardeners  in  that  district. 
Mr.   Cox  was   ist   with    twenty-four  varieties,    distinct, 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS    AT    THE 

EXETER  NURSERY. 
Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.'s  annual  show 
of  spring  Bowers  in  March  is  always  one  of  con- 
siderable interest  to  the  horticultural  public,  as  is 
testified  by  the  multitude  of  admirers  who  flock 
thither,  and  it  seems  that  their  autumn  show  of 
Chrysanthemums  is  destined  for  similar  honour. 
Devonshire  is  often  characterised  as  "  the  garden  of 
England,"  and  Devonians  are  most  essentially  a 
garden-loving  people  ;  perhaps  this  trait  of  character 
is  particularly  distinguishable  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Exeter— afact  supported  by  the  many  well-kept  gardens 
and  greenhouses  to  be  met  with  there.  Apropos 
Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  are  fortunate  in  this 
respect,  for  it  is  highly  encouraging  to  promoters  of 
horticultural,  as  well  as  other  shows,  to  be  freely 
patronised  with  visitors.  Albeit  their  Chrysanthemutn 
shows  of  former  years  have  been  very  good,  yet  this 
season's  display  eclipses  any  previous  one— not  so 
much  in  point  of  number  as  in  quality  and  improved 
varieties.  About  500  specimens  are  to  be  seen,  and 
these  are  arranged  in  a  beautifully  coloured  bank,  the 
front  row  being  composed  principally  of  the  dwarf 
pompon  flowered  sorts,  and  the  unbroken  mass  of 
flowers  and  foliage  rising  gradually  to  7  and  8  feet  in 
ihe  back  row.   W.  N. 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


665 


CYCADS   IN   FLOWER  AT   KEW. 

The  magnificent  collection  of  Cycads  at  Kew  is 
second  only  in  importance  and  nobleness  of  form  to 
the  rich  collection  of  Palms  cultivated  in  those 
gardens,  chiefly  in  the  Palm-house.  Popularly  these 
two  orders— Palms  and  Cycads — are  considered  to  be 
closely  related  ;  indeed,  many  people  call  the  com- 
moner garden  Cycads  Palms,  but  there  is  a  very  wide 
botanical  difference  between  the  two,  much  wider  than 
between  Palms  and  Pandanuses.  In  early  days  even 
botanists  were  puzzled  as  to  the  proper  relationship  of 
Cycads,  some  classing  them  along  with  the  Palms, 
whilst  others,  relying  upon  the  habit  and  form  of 
their  foliage,  ranked  them  with  Tree  Ferns  !  If, 
however,  we  glance  at  the  character  of  the  in- 
florescence of  the  Cycads  we  see  at  once  that  they 
must  be  affixed  to  Coniferas,  and  in  the  structure  of 
the  stem  they  are  evidently  Dicotyledons.  So  near  is 
the  relationship  between  Cycads  and  Conifers  that 
they  can  only  be  distinguished  from  each  other  by 
their  habit  and  leaf  characters.  In  the  Kew  collection 
there  are  now  a  good  number  of  Cycads  bearing  their 
cone-like  inflorescences,  and  to  any  one  interested  in 
these  strange  yet  noble  foliage  plants  these  flowering 
specimens  will  be  specially  attractive.  As  in  some 
genera  of  Coniferae,  viz.,  Gingko,  Araucaria,  &c.,  the 
Cycads  have  their  male  and  female  flowers  on  separate 
plants,  and  there  is  often  a  wide  difference  between 
the  form  and  size  of  the  cones  of  the  two  sexes — a 
difference  which  often  extends  to  the  habit  of  the 
whole  plant.  The  kinds  now  in  flower,  that  is, 
bearing  cones,  at  Kew,  are  Encephalartos  villosus,  a 
beautiful,  arching-leaved  plant,  with  rather  large 
shining  pinnse,  the  leaves  all  springing  from  a  short 
s^out  stem  (see  fig.,  p.  iSi,  vol.  xiii.,  i8So. 
The  cone  is  on  the  top  of  the  stem,  and  is  erect, 
l^  foot  long  by  6  inches  wide  at  the  base,  gradually 
narrowing  to  a  pointed  top,  and  composed  of  a 
great  many  closely  set  fleshy  scales,  on  the  under- 
sides of  which  are  the  large  nut-like  fruits.  As  the 
cone  ripens  it  turns  from  green  to  bright  yellow,  the 
scales  open  out,  and  reveal  the  deep  orange  seeds. 
The  ornamental  character  of  these  cones  when  ripe 
is  very  attractive.  It  is  remarkable  that  although  the 
female  flowers  are  not  fertilised,  yet  the  seeds  grow 
to  full  size  and  maturity  ;  they  are,  however,  devoid 
of  embryo,  and,  of  course,  are,  therefore,  useless  for 
propagation.  Zamia  mexicana  is  represented  by  a 
large  specimen  bearing  two  male  cones,  and  a  magni- 
ficent plant  with  a  very  fine  female  cone.  Nothing  can 
surpass  this  female  plant  in  the  nobleness  and  grace 
of  its  great,  feather-like  leaves,  which  are  10  feet 
long,  beautifully  arched  and  twisted,  the  pinnas 
being  long  and  pointed,  smooth,  shining  green, 
and  arranged  regularly  all  along  the  midrib.  It 
bears  a  cone  15  inches  long  by  about  6  inches  in 
diameter,  which  is  made  up  of  thick,  closely  set, 
fleshy  scales,  arranged  exactly  one  over  the  other,  not 
in  a  spiral,  as  in  the  Encephalartos  and  Macrozamia  ; 
each  scale  is  hexagonal  in  front,  with  a  ridge  across 
the  middle,  upon  which  are  two  spiny  horns.  Small 
plants  of  Zamia  muricata,  Z.  Skinneri,  and  Z.  Miqueli- 
ana  are  also  in  flower,  the  cones  in  these  being  small 
and  pale  brown,  except  in  the  last-mentioned,  which 
has  the  face  of  the  scales  broad,  two-horned,  and 
coloured  olive-green,  mottled  with  brown.  A  splendid 
plant  of  Encephalartos  Altensteini,  the  most  striking 
perhaps  in  the  whole  collection,  is  now  bearing  two 
very  fine  cones,  each  nearly  2  feet  in  length,  by  6  inches 
wide  at  the  base,  upright,  or  nearly  so,  and  composed 
of  hundreds  of  rather  narrow,  pointed  scales,  which 
have  separated,  and  allowed  the  dust-like  waxy  pollen 
to  fall  out  and  cover  the  whole  of  the  heart  of  the 
plant.  It  is  impossible  to  give  by  mere  words  a  satis- 
factory description  of  this  noble  specimen  (see  fig., 
p.  392,  vol.  vi.,  1876)  ;  it  stands  8  feet  high,  the 
leaves  springing  from  a  stemless  trunk,  each  leaf 
over  6  feet  long,  the  spread  of  the  foliage  being 
about  12  feet  through.  Two  large  plants  of  E.  caffer 
are  bearing  cones,  which  are  18  inches  long  by 
7  inches  wide,  and  pale  brown  in  colour.  An 
interesting  plant,  now  coning  for  the  first  time  we 
believe  at  Kew,  is  a  female  specimen  of  E.  horiidus. 
It  has  glaucous  rigid  spine-clothed  leaves,  and  the 
cone  is  about  a  foot  long  and  6  inches  wide,  the  scales 
being  broad  faced,  grey,  and  arranged  in  a  spiral. 

A  large  plant  of  Cycas  Rumphii,  with  a  thick  stem 
6  feet  high,  bears  a  stout  cone  i  foot  in  length  and 
4  inches  wide,  its  colour  being  yellowish-brown. 
Tbei'e  appears  to  be  , little  difference  b'etwecn  this 
specimen  and  plants  labelled  C.  circlnalis.     It  is  only 


in  very  large  stoves  where  room  can  be  afforded  these 
plants  to  grow  into  large  specimens  that  their  noble 
character  is  properly  developed.  The  appearance  of 
the  Palm-house  at  Kew  would  fall  a  long  way  short 
of  its  present  beauty  were  the  Cycads  removed.  On 
a  shelf  in  the  same  house  is  a  rich  collection  of  the 
smaller  species  of  this  order.  It  is  only  in  botanical 
collections  that  the  numerous  kinds  of  Cycads  could 
reasonably  be  found  room  for,  as  for  garden  purposes 
many  of  them  are  very  similar  to  each  other.  There 
are,  however,  a  good  many  species  among  such 
genera  as  Cycas,  Zamia,  and  Macrozamia,  which  are 
well  worthy  the  attention  of  gardeners,  as  they  are 
very  graceful  in  form,  often  dwarf,  and  of  useful  size 
for  decorative  purposes,  and  they  are  at  least  as  well 
able  to  withstand  rough  usage  as  are  many  of  the 
Palms.  With  very  few  exceptions  all  the  Cycads  are 
easily  grown  ;  they  require  the  temperature  of  a  stove 
or  a  warm  grtenhouse,  and  whilst  some  of  them,  such 
as  the  Zamias  and  Cycases,  thrive  best  when  kept 
moist  and  shaded  from  bright  sunshine,  ,others,  such 
as  Encephalartos,  are  perfectly  at  home  in  a  dry 
atmosphere  and  full  sunlight.    W. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

Wall  Fruit  on  a  Wooden  Fence.— From 
the  fact  that  the  choicer  kinds  of  wall  fruit  are 
seldom  grown  on  a  board  fence  it  would  appear 
that  there  is  some  doubt  as  to  their  success.  In  the 
southern  parts  of  the  country  even  the  choicer  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  may  thus  be  grown.  A  half-inch  deal 
weather-board  tarred  fence  forms  the  boundary  of  my 
garden.  It  is  6  feet  6  inches  high,  with  strong  oaken 
posts  S  feet  apart.  On  this  I  have  grown  during  the 
past  summer  some  fine  highly-coloured  Nectarines, 
Victoria  and  Pine-apple,  and  there  is  plenty  of  well- 
ripened  shoots  showing  prominent  double  and  triple 
buds  as  a  promise  for  next  year.  In  addition  to 
the  Nectarines  there  were  some  remarkably  fine 
Plums — Pond's  Seedling,  Goliath,  and  Coe's  Golden 
Drop.  Between  the  trees  Tomatos  bore  a  great 
crop.  Low  wooden  fences  of  the  kind  described 
would  be  serviceable  in  many  ways  and  especially 
for  the  finer  kinds  of  Pears,  such  as  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  Glou  Mor^eau,  Marie  Louise,  and  Easter 
Beurie.  For  Pears  and  Plums,  however,  the  wooden 
walls  might  be  double  and  stand  east  and  west.  For 
these  match-boarding  might  be  used  nailed  to  the 
front  of  4-inch  posts,  and  the  hollow  space  filled  in 
with  sawdust.  It  would  be  easy  to  protect  the  blooms 
from  spring  frosts  by  a  movable  projecting  coping. 
T.  IK,  Harrow. 

Beurre  Rome  Gaujard. 
This  is  a  seedling  from  Beurre  de  Jonghe,  raised  by 
M.  Gaujard,  jun.,  and  by  him  dedicated  to  his 
father.  It  is  figured  and  described  in  the  Bulletin 
(T Arboriculture  for  August,  from  which  we  take  the 
following  particulars:  —  "The  fruit  is  of  medium 
size,  pyriform,  skin  brownish-green,  passing  into  rust- 
coloured,  and  ultimately  yellow.  The  flesh  is  white, 
firm,  melting,  and  slightly  perfumed.  Season,  January 
and  February." 

Princess  and  Mary  Pears. 
By  an  error  these  two  Pears  were  written  as  one  on 
p.  553,  under  the  name  of  Princess  Mary.  Both  are 
good  Pears,  but  Princess  is  the  hardier  and  at  the 
same  time  the  better  variety.  Both  also  produce 
handsome  brightly  coloured  fruit,  abundantly  freckled. 
For  a  small  bush  on  the  Quince,  or  a  cordon,  few 
Pears  will  be  found  better  than  Durandeau.  A  more 
prolific  Pear,  trained  in  these  ways,  I  do  not  know. 
As  a  bush  on  the  same  stock  Autumn  Nelis  and 
Beurre  d'Aremberg  are  full-flavoured  and  good 
yielders.  A  large  very  hardy  sort  for  an  east  wall 
may  be  mentioned  in  Doyenn^  Boussoch.  It  was 
omitted  in  the  first  list  because  the  quality  was  very 
so-so— at  least,  in  the  soil  in  which  we  had  it  grow- 
ing.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

Gros  Colmak  Grape. 
Two  remarkably  fine  bunches  of  this  kind  were 
shown  by  Mr.  Lockie  from  Lord  Fitzgerald's  garden 
at  the  annual  exhibition  of  the  Maidenhead  Chrysan- 
themum Society  last  week.  They  were  coloured  as 
black  as  Sloes,  with  berries  of  an  extra  size  even  for 
this  big-berried  kind.  The  bunches,  too,  were  of 
large  dimensions,  therefore  in  keepioK  with  size  of 
berries,     It  woutd  b's  interesting  to  gtoweit  et  thii 


Grape  who  do  not  succeed  in  its  culture  if  Mr.  Lockie 
would  record  his  mode  of  procedure  to  attain  such 
satisfactory  results.  J.  Hudion, 

Beurr6  Clairgeau  Pear. 

The  quality  of  this  Beurre  deserves  all  Mr.  Tonks' 
strictures,  albeit  I  have  heard  good  words  spoken  of 
it  by  Devonshire  growers.  It,  however,  has  its  great 
and  special  value  ;  for  if  any  conclusion  can  be  gener- 
ally valid  in  Pear  culture,  it  is  one  of  the  best  varieties 
extant  on  which  to  graft  others.   C.  A.  M.  C. 

May  I  say  that  I  think  Mr.  Edmund  Tonks 

is  a  great  deal  too  hard  upon  this  Pear  in  your  last 
impression  ?  It  is  a  favourite  of  favourites  with  me 
in  its  own  line.  I  grant  that  Dr.  Hogg  only  gives  it 
third-class  honours  in  point  of  quality,  by  which  I 
suppose  flavour  is  meant.  But  it  comes  so  nearly  to 
a  second-class  even  in  this  respect,  that  with  others 
it  very  often  takes  a  higher  grade  than  he  has  accorded 
to  it.  It,  moreover,  should  be  noted  that  Beurie 
Clairgeau  is  most  variable  in  its  performances,  and 
I  do  not  think  Mr.  Tonks  would  have  much  to  com- 
plain of  if  he  had  a  good  specimen  brought  to  him. 
But,  surely,  something  more  than  flavour  may  be 
considered.  I  care  as  much  for  the  gratification  of 
my  eyes  as  for  that  of  my  palate  in  everything  which 
comes  out  of  a  garden — and  if  you  want  to  have  a 
most  glorious  sight  in  the  autumn  mnoths,  I  commend 
to  you  a  large  pyramid  tree  laden  from  top  to  bottom 
with  Beurre  Clairgeau  Pears,  and  whose  branches 
are  quite  beht  down  to  the  ground  by  the  weight 
they  have  to  carry.  The  colour  of  this  Pear  is 
to  my  eyes  splendid  in  the  extreme — a  sort  of  pale 
yellow,  with  russet-brown,  over  which  there  come 
patches  of  the  most  gorgeous  vermilion — and  is  most 
attractive  to  look  at.  The  tree  quite  glows  in  the 
sun  on  a  bright  October  day  ;  and  it  the  fruit  had 
only  the  flavour  of  a  Potato  I  would  grow  it  still  for 
the  beauty  of  the  picture  which  it  presents.  It  may 
be  added,  that  these  trees  bear  so  well  with  me — far 
better  than  others  I  have— that  I  am  sure  the  produce 
of  a  single  tree  would  be  worth  ten  shillings  at  one 
of  the  fruiterers  in  Ryde,  if  I  cared  to  dispose  of  it. 
Taking  their  average  flavour,  extreme  beauty  of  the 
tree  itself,  unbounded  fertility,  into  consideration, 
I  think  Beurre  Claigeau  should  never  be  put  out  of 
court,  but  should  be  met  with  more  frequently  than 
it  is.  I  append  two  opinions,  which  may  count  for 
something  about  this  matter.  Andre  le  Roy  says,  in 
his  Dictionnairc  de  Pomologic,  "This  Pear  is  a  great 
bearer.  The  fruit  has  a  white  flesh,  which  is  melt- 
ing, juicy,  and  not  very  gritty,  the  aroma  being 
agreeable  and  delicate.  It  is  very  variable,  however, 
as  regards  both  shape  and  quality  :  although  some- 
times second-rate,  it  is  generally  first-class."  In 
Scott's  Orchardist  I  find  the  following  statements  :  — 
"  It  forms  a  handsome  pyramid  either  on  the  Pear 
or  Quince  stock,  and  bears  so  much,  that  its  limits 
as  a  grower  are  circumscribed  by  its  fertility.  This 
is  a  very  variable  Pear  in  size,  quality,  form,  and 
time  of  maturity.  The  fruit  sometimes  weigh  ij  lb., 
or  more."  He  speaks  of  the  flavour  as  second-rate, 
though  sometimes  of  high  excellence.  H,  Eivbank, 
Ryde.  

EIGHT  DAYS   IN  THE  GARDEN 

OF   ENGLAND. 

(Continued  from  p.  619.) 
IVYBRIDGE  AND  THE  SOUTH  HAMS. — The  follow- 
ing morning  found  us  en  route  for  Ivybridge  by  rail. 
The  line  runs  through  a  lovely  district  of  wooded 
valleys,  verdant  slopes  by  winding  upland  streams, 
rocks  red  and  grey,  mines  worked  by  water  and  so 
but  little  disfiguring  the  landscape,  and  distant  views 
of  the  moorland.  Passing  the  picturesque  confluence 
of  the  Walkham  with  the  Tavy,  the  beauties  of  this 
class  of  scenery  culminate  about  Horrabridge  and 
Bickleigh.  At  the  latter  point  the  mass  of  granite 
known  as  Wigford  Down,  projecting  like  a  peninsula 
into  the  Devonian  slates,  over  which  it  towers  in  the 
crag  known  as  the  Dewerstone,  and  altering  their 
mineral  condition  along  the  well-marked  line  of 
junction  at  Shaugh  Hill,  recalled  the  tradition  of 
the  ghostly  pack  of  "  swish"  hounds  that  erst  swept 
over  the  hills  in  their  nightly  hunt — thoughts  soon  dis- 
pelled by  the  sight  of  the  outlying  modern  earth- 
works to  the  north  of  Plymouth.  Milky  streams, 
flowing  between  broad  tidal  wastes  of  chalk-like 
sediment,  telling  of  the  "kaolin,"  or  porcelain-clay, 
that  results  from  the  weathering  of  the  moorland 
granite,  are  not  delightful,  and   we   were  glad,   on 


666 


THE       GARDENERS'       CHRONICLE.  [November  2..  .s 


leaving  Mutley,  an  uninviting  suburb  of  the  great 
port,  to  climb  the  steep  incline  that  soon  brought  us 
into  the  picturesque  valley  of  the  Etme.  This  we 
had  an  opportunity  of  examining  by  stopping  for  an 
hour  or  two  at  Ivybridge,  where  the  railway  crosses 
the  river-valley  by  a  lofty  wooden  viaduct  rising  from 
stonepiers.  Heretheriver,  tumblingoverhugeboulders 
through  a  wooded  glen,  would  have  been  perfectly 
charming,  but  for  the  thriving  paper-mill  on  one  side 
and  the  unattractive  town  on  the  other ;  and,  even  with 
these  drawbacks,  the  single  arch  with  its  leafy  cover- 
ing to  which  the  place  owes  its  name,  is  decidedly 
picturesque.  Below  it  is  a  weir,  mainly  natural, 
formed  of  huge  ledges  of  live  rock,  dipping  at  high 
angles  northwards,  i.e.,  up  stream.  The  slate  in 
this  neighbourhood  has  been  altered  by  the  intrusive 
granite  into  ; a  "spotted,"  or  "chiastoiile  "  schist. 
Just  south  of  the  railway  station  is  a  very  fine  speci- 
men of  Cupressus  macrocarpa,  the  stem  of  which  is 
nearly  18  inches  through.  Finding  but  little  beauty  in 
the  dismantled  but  modern  church,  its  yet  more  modern 
substitute,  or  the  town  generally,  after  a  com- 
fortable meal  at  the  London  Hotel,  where  there 
is  a  very  respectable  garden,  we  left  for  Kings- 
bridge  J<oad.  (jetting  a  good  view  of  the  south 
side  of  the  moor,  and  crossing  several  fine  viaducts 
over  the  streams  that  flow  from  it,  we  reached  that 
uninteresting  station,  from  which,  in  order  to  reach 
the  south  coast,  one  has  to  take  a  coach-drive  of 
10  miles.  Ten  miles,  up  and  down  hill,  through 
deep  lanes,  with  banks  hung  with  Ilart's-tongue,  and 
hedgerows  laden  with  Nuts,  traversing  clean,  well- 
cultivated  arable  land,  ignorant  of  frost — 10  miles, 
moreover,  behind  a  good  team,  and  for  the  very 
moderate  fare  of  2;.,  is  far  from  disagreeable.  Near 
the  somewiiat  disnul  village  of  Laddiswell  we  caught 
glimpses  of  the  bold  promontory  of  Bolt  Head,  and 
of  the  channel  to  the  south-west  of  it,  where  the  fine 
tower  of  the  mother-church  of  Kingsbridge  at 
Churchstowe  stands  well  up  on  the  horizon.  Passing 
the  historic  gardens  of  Combe  Royal,  which  we 
decided  on  visiting  on  the  morrow,  we  rattled  into 
the  neat  little  town  of  Kingsbridge.  Piazzas,  like 
those  of  Totnes,  with  a  queer  octagonal  clock  above 
the  town-hall,  and  steep  streets  down  to  the  quay  at  the 
head  of  the  beautiful  Salcombe  estuary,  give  the  place 
a  quaint  interest  of  its  own.  The  line  parish  church 
possesses  two  of  the  finest  "squints"  or  "hagio- 
scopes "  I  have  seen,  reminding  me  of  those  at  Shcre 
in  Surrey,  and  besides  a  good  old  octagonal  granite  font, 
holy-water  stoup,  and  piscina,  boasts  of  a  magnifi- 
cent wooden  screen  and  a  marble  bas-relief  by  Flaxman. 
The  comfortable  hostelry  opposite,  the  "King'sArms," 
the  starting  point  of  coaches  to  Dartmouth,  as  well  as 
to  Kingsbridge  Road,  has  a  large  garden,  with  exten- 
give  vineries  and  orangeries  ;  but  here,  as  elsewhere, 
we  noticed  that  under  glass  the  Orange  tribe  suffer 
from  a  disease,  apparently  fungal,  producing  black 
jmuttiness  upon  the  leaves.  On  our  way  to  the  quay 
our  attention  was  attracted  by  a  fine  Magnolia,  well 
loaded  with  bloom,  this  season  having  seemingly  been 
very  favourable  to  them,  and  not  here  only,  for  we 
have  since  seen  one  at  Starch  Green,  Hammersmith, 
in  equally  good  condition.   G.  S.  Boulder. 


CLIMBING  OR  WEEPING  ROSES  AS 
ST.\NDARDS. 
Standard  Roses  have  not  been  received  with  very 
great  favour  during  recent  years.  The  reason  of  this 
is  perhaps  not  far  to  seek.  In  the  first  place  they 
have  not  had  justice  done  them,  even  when  received 
in  good  condition,  but  they  are  not  always  received 
in  good  condition,  especially  those  that  are  purchased 
at  sales — they  are  kept  too  long  out  of  the  ground, 
and  even  when  they  are  planted  they  are  placed  in 
such  a  position  that  the  chances  of  their  producing, 
even  a  few  good  flowers,  is  very  problematical.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  the  largest  proportion  of  standard 
Roses  for  sale  in  the  nurseries  are  hybrid  perpetuals, 
but  then  a  very  large  proportion  of  them  are  not  at 
all  adapted  for  this  system  of  culture  ;  they  do  not 
form  good  heads,  even'with  the  most  skilful  manage- 
ment, and  after  three  or  four  years  they  do  not  even 
produce  good  Sowers.  In  a  great  many  instances  the 
cMture  is  at  fault.     Evgn  if  the  plants  have  good 


roots,  with  healthy  fibres,  they  are  placed  in  circum- 
stances where  they  have  to  struggle  for  their  food 
under  the  most  adverse  circumstances.  It  seems  to 
be  the  right  thing  to  plant  a  double  row  of  standards 
from  the  front  gate  to  the  front  row  of  hundreds  of 
villa  residences  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London.  In 
some  cases  the  work  of  planting  is  well  done,  in 
others  it  is  performed  in  the  most  perfunctory  manner. 
A  hole  is  dug  out  in  the  hard,  unworked,  natural  soil 
of  the  place,  scarcely  large  enough  to  hold  the 
roots,  the  earth  is  thrown  back  upon  them,  and 
the  turf  is  replaced  close  up  to  the  stem  of  the 
unfortunate  Rose.  I  do  not  recommend  planting 
standards  of  hybrid  perpetual  Roses  at  all,  but  if 
they  are  to  be  planted,  some  arrangement  must  be 
made  to  give  the  roots  a  chance  to  grow  fieely,  and 
some  suitable  compost  must  be  provided  if  the  ground 
is  not  naturally  adapted  to  the  growth  of  Roses. 
Although  I  have  nothing  to  say  in  favour  of  growing 
some  classes  of  Roses  as  standards,  there  are  some 
Roses  that  may  be  grown  in  that  way  with  the 
most  pleasing  results.  Thirty  or  forty  years  ago 
standard  Roses  were  frequently  to  be  seen  with  tall 
stems  from  5  to  6  feet  high  ;  indeed,  I  have  a  vivid 
recollection  of  a  towering  specimen  of  the  crimson 
Loursault  Amadis  with  a  stem  8  or  9  feet  high,  in  the 
nursery  where  I  was  an  apprentice.  Some  of  these 
gigantic  specimens  would  form  a  compact  head 
20  feet  or  more  in  circumference.  Such  specimens 
form  objects  of  great  beauty  on  a  lawn.  They  are 
striking  features  in  the  landscape,  and  can  well  be 
admired  in  detail,  while  a  profusion  of  beautiful 
Roses  can  be  selected  from  them  as  cut  flowers.  The 
late  Mr.  Thos.  Rivers,  of  Sawbridgeworth,  wrote  the 
fust  article  in  the  first  volume  of  7/:e  Florist,  on 
climbing  standard  Roses.  His  words  on  this  subject 
are  well  worih  quoting :—"  Some  six  years  since, 
having  some  Rose  stocks  5  or  6  feet  high,  and  stout 
as  broom-handles,  I  was  induced  to  try  what  effect 
some  of  the  beautiful  varieties  of  Rosa  semper- 
virens  would  have  if  budded  on  them,  as  I 
had  some  latent  idea  that  they  would  form 
very  graceful  pendulous  trees  ;  I  accordingly 
selected  from  that  family  a  few  of  its  most  interest- 
ing varieties.  These  trees  are,  in  the  blooming 
season,  pictures  ;  not  a  shoot  has  ever  been  touched 
with  the  pruning  knife,  there  is  consequently  no  for- 
mality. Their  beauty  consists  in  their  gracefulness 
and  rusticity,  which  is  quite  refreshini^  in  contrast  to 
the  closely  pruned  heads  of  the  finer  varieties  of 
standard  Roses."  The  varieties  cultivated  by  Mr. 
Rivers  were  Banksiaeflora,  very  double  pure  white 
flowers,  with  straw-coloured  centres  ;  Donna  Marie, 
very  double,  pure  white  ;  Felicile  Perpetuelle,  creamy 
white,  tinted  pink  on  the  outside:  "it  really  is  perfect 
enjoyment  to  see  this  Rose,  in  a  balmy  morning  in 
June,  covered  with  its  flowery  gems,  more  numerous 
thanits leaves."  Myrianthes,  pink.flowersabundantly; 
Princess  Louise,  pale  pink  ;  Princess  Marie.  Most  of 
these  are  white  and  pink  varieties,  but  the  crimson 
Boursault  flowers  early,  and  is  dark  in  colour ;  so  also 
is  Bjursaultinermis.  Mr.  \V.  Paul,  of  Paul's  nurseries, 
Waltham  Cross,  recommends  Virginian  Rambler, 
Ruga,  Flora,  Fclicite  Perpetuelle,  Gracilis,  Reine 
Marie  Henriette,  Mateohal  Niel,  and  Rcve  d'Or,  for 
tall  standards,  such  as  I  have  described.  One  thing 
ought  to  be  borne  in  mind — they  do  not  require  much 
pruning.  Mr.  Rivers  remarked  of  the  plants  described 
by  him,  "  not  a  shoot  has  ever  been  touched  by  a 
pruning  knife."  They  certainly  do  not  require  more 
in  the  way  of  pruning  than  to  cut  out  any  useless 
wood  when  the  trees  are  too  much  crowded  with 
branches.  I  like  also  to  see  the  trees  well  balanced, 
and  in  order  to  have  them  in  this  form  it  may  be 
necessary  to  lay  the  foundation  for  it  in  the  first  and 
second  year  of  the  tree's  growth.  If  this  is  not  done 
the  head  might  all  hang  to  one  side  instead  of 
gro  'ing  equally  all  round.  The  cultural  require- 
ments are  simple  enough.  The  Brier  Rose  grows 
almost  anywhere,  and  in  all  kinds  of  soil,  but  with 
the  greatest  luxuriance  and  stability  in  clayey  loam. 
Many  gardens  do  not  possess  this  inestimable  boon  to 
Rose  growers.  A  light  shallow  and  gravelly  soil  is 
the  very  worst  kind  for  Roses,  and  to  obtain  the  very 
best  results  when  a  garden  is  composed  of  this 
material  a  round  hole  should  be  dug  out,  2  feet  wide 
and  2  feet  deep,  and  be  filled  up  3  or  4  inches  aboiie 
the  surface  with  some  good  clayey  loam  which  has 
been  enriched  with  a  fourth  part  of  decayed  stable 
manure.  If  the  Roses  can  be  obtained  they  ought  to 
be  planted  in  November,  bnt  many  persons  in  the 
country  can  obtain  such  stout,  tall  Brier  stems  better 


than  the  nurserymen  can  ;  and  in  most  old  gardens 
these  beautiful  climbing  Roses  can  be  found  rambling 
in  wild  luxuriance  over  old  walls,  or  trained  loosely  to 
the  walls,  or  over  the  porches  of  the  dwelling-houses. 
Many  of  these  Roses  are  quite  as  vigorous  as  the 
common  Bramble,  and  might  be  usefully  employed  in 
taking  the  place  of  Nettles  and  other  noxious  weeds 
in  out-of-the-way  corners.  When  once  established  on 
their  own  roots  they  can  take  care  of  themselves.  I 
alluded  to  obtaining  the  Briers  from  hedgerows 
and  wild  places.  In  that  case  they  ought  to  be 
planted  where  they  are  intended  permanently  to 
remain,  and  planted  too  with  as  much  care  .is  if  they 
were  Rose  trees.  Budding  stand.irds  is  a  much  more 
pleasant  occupation  than  stooping  down  and  perform- 
ing the  same  operation  on  dwarfs.  July  is  the  best 
month  in  which  to  bud  Roses.  J.  Douglas. 


%\t  Meatier. 

STATE  OF  7 HE  WEATHER  Al  BLACKHBATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  Ehding  Wednesday,  November  i8,  1885. 


Hygrome- 

trical    De- 

Temperature  of 

from 

Wind. 

Tables  7th 

a 

Edition. 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 

1 

1 

1 
Q 

& 

1 

Nov- 

In. 

In.    '    .    j    . 

, 

„ 

In. 

12 

30.03 

-H0.23  44.5J4I.O 

35 

430 

—  o.9'39  2 

91 

S.W.      0.03 

■3 

39  Si 

-1-0.0348.340.5 

7-7 

44  5 

-t-  1.842.5 

91 

E  S.E.  0  00 

14 

3953 

—0.3547.5:43.0 

45 

44  3 

+  1.8  43  0 

96 

S.W.    :o  M 

■s 

29.98 

-1-0.3142.033.2 

98 

3S.4 

-  5-932.8 

87 

N.W.  i3.oo 

16 

30.22 

-1-04742.0,27.5 

'4.5]34.9!-  7.327.1 

73 

E.       ,0  03 

■7 

3306 

-Vo.33  40.1  28  5 

II.635.S—  82.27.5 

78 

E.  N.E.  o.co 

18 

29.72 

-1-0.01  40. 2|29  0 

■1.333  9|-  8.0J31.1 

86 

E.       000 

Mcaii 

3991 

-1-0.15  43  5  34  5 

9.038.5]-  3.8J34.8 

86 

Vati-    .  ,. 
able.    I"'' 

Ver>'  dull  day. 

.Very  dull  day. 

Very  dull  day  ;  rain  ii\  aftWl 

Very  fine  day  and  night. 

Very  fine  day  and  night. 
— Very  iiiie  day  and  night. 
—Very  fine  day  and  night  ;  lu 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  14,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.35 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30. 28  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  Sth,  increased  to  30.32  inches 
by  S  P.M.  on  the  same  day,  decreased  to  30.30  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  gth,  increased  to  30.32  inches  by 
9  A.M.,  decreased  to  30.31  inches  by  i  P.M.,  increased 
to  30.32  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  loth,  decreased  to 
29.67  inches  by  i  P.M.  on  the  14th,  and  was  29.70 
inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.16  inches,  being  0.12 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.19  inch  higher  than 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  48°.  2,  on  the  13th  ;  on  the 
nth  the  highest  temperature  was  44°. 2.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  46". 

The  lowest  temperature  was  3i°.9,  on  the  Sth, 
on  the  14th  the  lowest  temperature  was  43°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  40°.  I. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
13°. I,  on  the  Sth  ;  the  smallest,  on  the  9th  and  lath, 
was  3°.$.     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  Sth,  32  .4 ;  on 
the  9th,  43° ;  on  the  loth,  44°.4  ;  on  the  nth,  42° ; 
on  the  I2th,  42°;  on  the  13'h,  44''.5;  and  on  the 
14th,  44°. 3;  of  these  the  loih,  13th  and  14th  were 
above  their  averages  by  1°,  I°.8  and  I°.8  respectively, 
the.,  rest  were  below  by  4°.9,  o°.9,  l°,2,  and  o°.9 
respectively. 

The~  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  42°.S, 
being  i°,3  lower  than  last  week,  and  o°.5  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


667 


ened  bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  5i°.5,  on  the   13th.      The    mean  of  the  seven 

readings  was  47°.4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  23°.  S,  on  the  8th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  38". 

/"am.— Rain  fell  on  four  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.29  inch. 

England  :  Tim/na/ure.— Dating  the  week  end- 
ing November  14,  the  highest  temperatures  were  55° 
at  Plymouth,  54°  at  Truro  and  Leeds  ;  the  highest  at 
Cambridge  was  45°.$,  at  Bristol  47°.8,  at  Bolton, 
47°.  9.     The  general  mean  was  50°.  7. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  29"  at  Cambridge, 
30°.6  at  Liverpool,  3i°.9  at  Blackheath  ;  the  lowest  at 
Plymouth  was  41°. 8,  at  Truro  and  Leeds  40°.  The 
general  mean  was  36°.  3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  lS".5  at  Liverpool,  17° 
at  Sheffield,  l6°.8  at  Cambridge  ;  the  least  ranges 
were  S'.6  at  Bristol,  Ii°.3  at  Nottingham,  12°  at 
Sunderland.     The  general  mean  was  I4°.4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  52°.4,  at  Plymouth  5I°.3, 
at  Leeds,  48. °5,  and  was  lowest  at  Bolton,  44°,  at 
Cambridge;  44°.8,  at  Wolverhampton  45°.6.  The 
general  mean  was  46".  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  45°.4,  at  Plymouth  44°.3,  at  Leeds 
42°. 4  ;  and  was'  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  3S°.4, 
at  Bolton  3S^5,  at  Sheffield  38°.8.  The  general  mean 
was  40°.  9. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Hull,  8°.4, 
at  Wolverhampton  7°.2,  at  Truro  and  Plymouth  7°; 
and  was  least  at  Bristol  and  Sunderland,  4°.6,  at 
Nottingham  5°,     The  general  mean  was  6°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  48*. 5, 
at  Plymouth  47°. 4,  at  Leeds  45^  ;  and  was  lowest  at 
Bolton,  40°.7,  at  Cambridge  4i''.4,  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton 41°.  5.     The  general  mean  was  43°. 4. 

Jiain, — The  largest  falls  were  o  49  inch  at  Sunder- 
land, o.  29  inch  at  Blackheath,  o.  28  inch  at  Cambridge  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  o. 01  inch  at  Leeds,  0,04  inch 
at  Bradford,  and  0.05  inch  at  Bristol  and  Preston. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.15  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  14,  the  highest  temperature  was  S7°.6 
at  Edinburgh  ;  at  Dundee  the  highest  temperature 
was  50°. 9.     The  general  mean  was  54*.  I. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  30°.5, 
at  Glasgow  ;  the  lowest  temperature  at  Greenock  was 
39*.     The  general  mean  was  34°.  3. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Greenock, 
44°.7  ;  and  lowest  at  Dundee,  42°. 5,  The  general 
mean  was  43°.  7- 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.17  inch,  at  Paisley  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.07  mch,  at  Aberdeen.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.13  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Raintall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  16,  18S5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  OfHce,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  was  unusually  gloomy 
during  the  greater  part  of  the  period,  with  a  good 
deal  of  mist  or  fog,  and  in  some  places  drizzling  rain. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  week,  however,  the  con- 
ditions had  undergone  a  change,  and,  after  a  general 
fall  of  rain,  fine  bright  weather  had  become  pre- 
valent. 

The  temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the  mean 
in  "  England,  S.,"  but  below  in  all  other  districts, 
the  deficit  varying  from  1°  to  2°  in  most  parts  of  the 
kingdom  to  3°  in  1"  England,  N.W.,"  and  4°  in 
"  Scotland,  E."  The  maxima,  which  were  generally 
registered  on  the  13th,  varied  between  48°  and  54°. 
The  minima  were  recorded  on  the  16th,  when  the 
thermometer  fell  to  20°  in  "  Scotland,  E.,"  "  Eng- 
land, N.W.,"and  "  Ireland,  N.,"  and  to  between  22° 
■and  30°  in  all  other  districts  except  the  "Channel 
Islands,"  where  the  lowest  reading  was  37.°  During 
the  earlier  part  of  the  week  the  diurnal  range  was 
extremely  small,  that  at  Oxford  on  the  I2th  being 
only  half  a  degree. 

Rainfall  has  been  considerably  less  than  the  mean 
in  all  districts.  Brit^ht  sunshine  was  altogether 
absent  in  most  parts  of  the  kingdom  till  the  period 
drew  towards  its  close,  when  a  rather  high  percentage 


was  recorded.  The  percentage  of  the  possible  dura- 
tion for  the  week  ranged  from  9  in  "  Scotland,  N." 
and  "England,  N.E."  to  25  in  Ireland,  and  34  in 
the  Channel  Islands. 

Depressions  observed. — The  general  distribution  of 
pressure  during  this  period  was  anticyclonic,  and  the 
only  depression  whi:h  appeared  in  our  neighbourhood 
was  a  rather  large  one  which  travelled  east-north- 
eastwards over  the  northern  part  of  our  area  during 
the  I3lh.  Until  the  approach  of  this  disturbance 
light  easterly  airs  were  experienced  in  the  south  and 
east,  and  moderate  southerly  breezes  in  the  west  and 
north,  but  under  its  influence  the  wind  over  our 
islands  became  south-westerly  to  westerly,  and  subse- 
quently moderate  from  the  northward.  Owing  to 
the  rapid  recovery  of  pressure  which  took  place  in 
the  rear  of  the  depression  the  distribution  at  the  close 
of  the  period  *ras  again  anticyclonic,  and  on  our 
extreme  south-west  coasts  a  moderate  to  strong 
easterly  gale  prevailed. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

>  OuK  Telegraphic  Aduress.— Our  correspondents 
are  reqiiested  to  bear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  oj 
the  nnu  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  ••  Gardchron,  London," 
Gakdchron  being  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
grams [but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will  reach  the 
Editor  or  the  Publisher  witlwut  other  address  being 
needed  than  "Gardchron,  London." 


©Ijititars* 

Alexander  Forsyth.  —  Last  week  we  briefly 
recorded  the  decease  of  Mr.  Alexander  Forsyth,  who 
had  reached  a  good  old  age,  having  exceeded  the 
allotted  three  score  and  ten  years.  For  some  time 
past  he  had  been  in  failing  health.  Thus  has  passed 
away  another  of  the  practical  gardeners  of  the  old 
school ;  one,  moreover,  who  had  been  a  very  suc- 
cessful practitioner  in  his  day,  having  occupied  with 
credit  some  prominent  positions  in  the  gardening 
world,  as  well  as  gained  for  himself  an  honourable 
name  in  connection  with  the  literature  of  horticulture. 
His  gardening  fame  carries  us  back  some  few  decades, 
for  between  forty  and  fifty  years  ago  he  was  appointed 
to  the  charge  of  the  gardens  at  Alderley  Park, 
Cheshire,  the  seat  of  Lord  Stanley  of  Alderley.  Sub- 
sequently he  became  gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury, at  his  princely  establishment — Alton  Towers, 
Staffordshire.  Besides  filling  these  and  other  situa- 
tions of  importance,  Mr.  Forsyth  had  been  a  constant 
and  frequent  contributor  to  the  pages  of  this  journal 
from  its  commencement  up  to  a  very  recent  period, 
and  his  name  is  appended  to  many  a  cultural  essay 
both  in  Loudon^s  Gardeners^  Magazine  and  in  the 
later  volumes  of  the  Florist  and  Pomologist,  Among 
other  topics  of  interest  contributed  to  our  pages 
we  may  mention  his  persistent  advocacy  of  Holly- 
leaf  tea,  and  his  strong  recommendation  of  the 
compact  undeveloped  inflorescence  of  the  Rhubarb 
plant  as  an  esculent,  "  the  pouches  of  unopened 
flowers,"  he  argued,  "bearing  the  same  relation  to 
the  leaves  of  Rhubarb  that  Cauliflowers  do  to  Cab- 
bage leaves."  For  this  purpose  the  Rhubarb  was 
directed  to  be  grown  in  rich  ground,  so  to  get  large 
masses  of  tender  flower-buds,  the  removal  of  which 
would,  of  course,  be  beneficial  to  plants  grown  also 
for  a  supply  of  the  leaf-stalks.  Mr.  Forsyth  died  on 
the  8th  inst.,  in  his  seventy-sixth  year.  Of  late  years 
Mr.  Forsyth  resided  at  Sallord,  near  Manchester, 
where  we  believe  he  held  some  oflicial  position. 

Mr.  Samuel  Walters. —The  death  of  this 
gentleman,  an  old  inhabitant  of  Hilperton,  Wiltshire, 
occurred  on  Wednesday,  the  nth  lost.  He  was  for 
many  years  an  ardent  lover  of  flowers,  and  when 
quite  young  abandoned  the  trade  in  which  he  had 
been  brought  up,  and  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the 
pursuits  of  a  florist.  Tulips,  Ranunculuses,  Auriculas, 
Polyanthuses,  Dahlias,  and  other  flowers,  were  grown 
by  him  with  great  success,  the  Dahlia  remaining  to 
the  last  one  of  his  prime  favourites.  He  will  be 
remembered  as  the  raiser  of  Dahlia  Beauty  of  Hil- 
perton, some  twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago.  He 
established  at  Hilperton  a  florist's  business  as  far  back 
as  1830,  in  connection  with  a  seed  business  carried  on 
there  since  i8lo.  For  about  half  a  century  he  was 
one  of  the  most  successful  exhibitors  in  the  West  of 
England,  and  for  a  good  portion  of  time  in  London 
also.  Owing  to  his  sight  becoming  greatly  impaired 
he  gave  up  exhibiting  some  ten  years  ago,  yet  to  the 
end  he  continued  to  derive  the  greatest  pleasure  from 
the  cultivation  of  flowers.  lie  was  a  remarkable 
illustration  of  a  man  diligent  in  business,  and  from 
his  unvarying  uprightness  he  gained  the  esteem  of  all 
who  had  dealings  with  him.  In  May  last  he  experi- 
enced a  great  bereavement  in  the  loss  of  his  wife, 
and  he  was  frequently  heard  to  say  he  should  not 
long  survive  her.  He  died  at  a  good  age,  after  a 
short  illness. 


Addenda  :  National  Chrysanthemum  Society, 
November  11  and  12.  Ttie  following  Certificates  were 
awarded  ;— To  Messrs.  ] .  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Japanese 
variety  L'Adorable.  a  bronze-carmine  variety  of  fine 
quality  ;  to  Mr.  Davis,  Camberwell,  for  the  same  kind 
and  Jupiter;  to  Mr.  Mardlin,  for  incurved  Yellow 
Globe,  and  for  a  hybrid  pompon,  Mr.  Mardlin^  large 
full  flower  of  a  pleasing  character  ;  to  Messrs.  Cannell 
&  Sons,  for  Japanese  L'Ebouriffe  ;  to  Messrs.  J. 
Laing,  for  Laing's  Anemone  ;  and  to  Mr.  SulUvan,  for 
Japanese  Pietro  Diaz. 

Address  :   W.  C.     89,  Long  Acre,  London,  W.C. 

Book  :  T.  Haines'  Greenhouse  and  Stove  Plants.  |. 
Murray,  soA,  Albemarle  Street,  Piccadilly,  S,W.  We 
do  not  know  what  is  the  cost  of  the  book. 

Buxton  Gravel.— I  should  recommend  R.  L.  to 
spread  Malmesbury  gravel  over  his  Buxton  gravel.  I 
have  seen  this  done,  and  it  makes  a  first-rate  job,  as 
it  will  set  quite  hard,  would  be  far  cheaper  than 
cement,  and  would  look  a  great  deal  better,  the  gravel 
being  of  a  bright  yellow  colour,  and  free  from  earthy 
matter,  it  being  entirely  composed  of  grit,  and  it  does 
not  tear  up  after  a  thaw  or  heavy  rain.  I  can  recom- 
mend this  gravel  with  confidence,  and  I  am  sure  Mr. 
Eraser,  nurseryman,  Malmesbury,  would  be  pleased 
to  send  him  a  sample.  Argus, 

Celine  Forestier  :  H.  T.  C.  We  spoke  from  our 
own  personal  experience.  \Ve  have  it  against  a  west 
wall  on  a  cold  soil.  It  has  been  nearly  killed  outright 
in  severe  winters,  and  only  in  hot  summers  does  it 
give  any  bloom  worth  speaking  of.  Ed. 

Correction  :  Royal  Horticultural  Society.— In 
our  report  of  the  last  meeting  the  names  of  the  exhi- 
bitors of  fruits  were,  by  an  inadvertency,  given  instead 
of  those  of  the  members  of  the  Fruit  Committee. 

Insects  :  A.  D.  IK  As  you  have  cut  off  the  tops  of 
the  shoots  of  your  Corsican  Pines  which  contained  the 
insects  which  have  injured  them,  we  cannot  determine 
whether  they  have  been  attacked  by  the  Pine  weevil 
(Hylurgus  piniperda)  or  by  one  of  the  Pine  moths 
(Tortrix  Turionana  or  resinana).  The  only  remedy 
is  to  cut  off  and  burn  the  affected  parts  which  contain 
the  insects.  /.  O.   IV. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  IV.  E.  C,  Junior  Carlton  Club. 
Pears,  small:  I,  decayed;  larger:  2,  Be'urr^  Clair- 
geau.  Apples,  larger  red:  1,  Mire  de  M&age  ; 
smaller  green  :  2,  striped  Beefing. — Ayr.  i,  Vicar  of 
Winkfield  ;  2,  Comte  de  Flandres.— j.  Bell,  i,  un- 
recognised— very  pretty  ;  3,  Autumn  Pearmain  ;  4, 
Blenheim  Orange  ;  5,  Beauty  of  Kent  ;  6,  Scorpion. — 
T.  IK  R.  I,  Durandeau  ;  2,  Doyenn(5  Gris  ;  4,  Bel- 
lissime  d'Hiver  ;  6,  Passe  Colmar  ;  7,  Hacon's  Incom- 
parable ;  9,  Colmar  d'Aremberg  ;  10,  Duchesse  d'An- 
gouleme  ;  11,  Catillac  ;  12,  Brown  Beurre  ;  13,  Marie 
Louise  ;  15,  Glou  Mor9eau.— T'-  U.  i,  Emperor 
Alexander  ;  2,  Golden  Noble  ;  3,  Cat's-head  ;  4,  York- 
shire Greening  ;  5,  Downton  Pippin. —  T.  Hewitt  if  Co. 
I,  unrecognised;  2,  Wadhurst  Pippin;  3,  Fearn's 
Pippin.—  W.    H.   2,   Cellini  ;    3,    Mure  de   Menage  ; 

4,  Rymer  ;  6.  Allriston.— y.  C.  B.  i,  Marechal  de  la 
Cour  ;  2,  Passe  Crassane  ;  3,  Beurre  Hose ;  4, 
Duchesse  d'AngouWme ;  s.  Passe  Colmar  ;  7,  Beurre 
Ranee  ;  8,  Glou  Morjeau  ;  Doyenne  Boussoch  and 
Beurre  Superfin — numt)ers  to  these  missing. — A.  L.  F. 
I,  Wyken  ;  7,  Fearn's  Pippin  ;  9,  Court  of  Wick  ; 
ro  and  12.  French  Crab.- ,4.  M.  M.  Apple:  Manx 
Codlin.  Pears :  i.  Althorp  Crassane ;  2,  Gansell's 
Bergamot  ;   3,   Beurri  Baolielier  ;   4,    Passe  Colmar  ; 

5,  Knight's  Monarch.— Z).  /.  i,  Chaumontelle  ;  2, 
■Winter  Crassane  ;  3,  Beurre  d'.A.remberg  ;  4,  Marie 
Louise.— /=•.  B.  S.  I,  Flemish  Beauty  ;  2,  Old  Cras- 
sane ;  3,  Tibbet's  Pearmain. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Whiteberry.  i,  Ligustrum  ovali- 
foUum  ;  2,  Lithospermum  officinale.  The  name  refers 
to  the  stony  seed  :  it  is  not  a  ga.Vi.—Barr  if  Son. 
Silene  Schafta.  —  Old  Subscriber.  Specimens  too 
incomplete.  Asters  cannot  be  named  with  safety  from 
little  pieces  cut  off  the  top.  I,  probably  diCfusus  ;  2, 
Nova2-.'\ngliae  ;  4,  Novi-Belgii  ;  8,  dumosus.  The 
other  three  we  dare  not  venture  upon.—  IV.  H.  i,  Eria 
alba  ;  2,  Eria  flaccida  ;  3,  Brassia  brachiata  ;  4,  Cata- 
setum  Wailsei. 

New  Pear  :  V.  C.  &•  Co.  There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to 
the  cropping  qualities  of  the  variety  in  America,  but 
we  cannot  say  anything  in  favour  of  its  texture,  which 
is  of  the  coarsest,  or  of  its  flavour,  which  is  much 
inferior  to  that  of  several  of  our  autumn  kinds.  We 
have  already  far  too  many  inferior  kinds. 

Orchid  Bloom  :  H  oolton.  Please  send  a  better  bloom 
and  a  leaf  next  week. 

Physalis  Alkikengi  :  W.  Northfteld.  It  is  a  hardy 
perennial,  which  may  be  sown  in  the  open  ground  at 
the  end  of  March,  or  in  pots  under  glass  somewhat 
earlier,  and  when  big  enough  transplanted  into  the 
open  border.  It  seeds  freely,  and  when  once  obtained 
is  rarely  lost,  self-sown  seeds  germinating  every  spring. 
It  flowers  from  early  sown  plants  the  first  season.  Tha 
botanical  name  of  the  Sweet  Yam  is  Batatas  eduUs.  It 
is  not  a  Solantrm. 


1^  668 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  21,  18 


SOOLY  Qua  :  W.  Y.  D.  Your  specimen  may  be  true  to 
name.  It  is  a  species  of  Luffa.  the  fibrous  tissue  of 
which  is  sometimes  used,  instead  of  sponge,  for  baths. 

The  Gardener's  Assistant  :  IK  B.  No  scale  is 
given. 

WOODLICE  :  G.  O.  Trap  them  with  little  pots  filled 
lightly  with  hay,  turning  them  out  into  hot  water  every 
morning  at  daylight.     Keep  toads  about  the  garden. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Wood  &  Ingram,  Huntingdon — General  Catalogue. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester  —  Forest  and  Orna- 
mental Trees. 

Martin  Grashoff,  Quedlinburg,  Germany— Seeds. 

lAMES  Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen— Trees. 

SAMUEL  Bide,  Famham — Trees. 

Fisher,  Son  &  Sibray,  Handsworth,  Sheffield— Trees. 

James  Boyd  &  Sons,  Paisley— Illustrated  Horticultural 
Buildings  and  Heating. 

F.  C.  Heinemann,  Erfurt— Novelties  in  Plants  for  1886. 

Standard  Mafufacturing  Co.mpany,  Strand  Ar- 
cade, Derby — Tree  Pruners. 

Communications  Received:  —  Hampstead. — H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 
— W.  B.-J  R.— H.  H.  D'O.- T.  M.-J.  C.  S.-J.  A  — 
J.  F.  T.  D.— W.  Y.  D.— S.  L.— M.  D.— V.  Fans  (yes, 
please).  —  F.  Sander  &  Co.  —  Haage  &  Schmidt.  —  Dr. 
Kranzlin.— G.  B.  W.— Canon  E.  (we  regret  we  cannot  help 
vou).-F.  C.  Heinem«nn.— N.  E.  B  — F.  W.  B.-Mrs.  E.  V. 
B.-J.  F.-J.  D.-C.  A.  A.  C.-W.  C.-B.-J.  R.  J. -J. 
Earl  (next  week). 


COVENl     GARDEN,    November    19. 
Our  market  for  best  goods  is  very  depressed,  owing 
ia  a  large  manner  to  the  coming  elections  ;  Grapes  espe- 
cially being  affected.     Prices  all  round  subject  to  offers. 
James  Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.  d,  s.  d. 
Apples,  per  J^-sieve  i  c-  3  o 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..06-26 
Kcni  Cobs,  100  lb.  ..22  6-25  o 
Lemons,  per  case  ..15  0-30  o 
Melons,  each  ..06-16 


Pine-apples,  Eng.,lb.   : 

—  St.  Michael,  each 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .   « 

—  per  H-sieve       ..    : 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 
.  d  i.  d. 


Artichokes,  per  doz. 
Beaii^,  Kidney,  lb...  1  o-  . 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  o-  ; 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  09-1 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  6-  , 
Capsicums,  per  ICO.,  i  6-  : 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  6-  , 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  2  o-  ; 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  6-  : 
Coleworts,doz- bunch  2  o-  < 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  06-  ] 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  i  o-  ; 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..02- 
iKieks,  per  bunch  ..  o  3-  < 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,   i  o-  : 

PoTATOS. — Magnum  Bonums,  bad  trade,  50J.  to8oj.  ;  Regents, 
60J.  to  Soj.  per  ton  ;  German  Reds,  is.  to  ^s.  6d.  per  bag. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices, 


Mushrooms,  punnet  i 
Mustard  and  Cress.do.c 
Onions,  per  bunch  . .  c 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  : 
Parsnips,  per  dozen  1 
Potaios,  per  cwt     ..    ^ 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt 
Salsafy,  per  bundle  : 
Scorzonera,  p-  bundle  j 
Seakale,  punnet  . .  : 
Shallots, per  pound..  < 
Spinach,  per  bushel  : 
Sprouts,  per  pound  < 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  ( 
Turnips,  bunch       . .  1 


Aralia  Sieboldl,  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Arboi  vitae  (golden), 

per  dozen  ,.  ..6  o-i3  o 
-(common),  dozen  6  o-, 2  o 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen- .  9  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardia,  doz  C"i2  0-18  o 
Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  .  .30  0-60  o 
—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Erica,  various,  do2.i2  0-21  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

I-er  dozen  ..  ..6  0-2^ 

Ficus  elastica,  each..  1  6-  ; 
Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen  ..  ..4  o-ii 

Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Hyacinths,  Rom.,pot  i  o-  : 

Marguerite  Daisy, 
per  dozen  . .         . .    8  o-r: 

Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    6  o-i: 

Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-2: 

Pelargoniums,  scar- 
let, per  dozen      . .  6  o-  < 

Poinsettia, per  dozen  12  o-ii 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon,  12  bunches  s 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  ( 
Azalea,  12  sprays  . .  1 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  c 
Camellias,  12  blms..  ;; 
Carnations,  12  blms.  1 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  c 
—  12  bunches  ..  ^ 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  ^ 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  t 
Hyacinths,  Rom.,  12 

Lapageria,  white,  13 
blooms  ..  ..  : 
red,  13  blooms 


Lil.  lorigifl.. 


10-30 
60-80 


Marguerites,  12  bun.  2  o-  t 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  6-  ; 
Pelargoniums,  per  iz 

Poinsettia.  12  blms. .  4  o-  i 
Roses  (indoor),    per 
dozen         . .         ,.10-; 

—  12  bunches  . .  6  0-1: 
Stephanotis,  12  spr..  5  o-  < 
Tropaeolum,  12  bun.  2  o- 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  i  o- 
Violets,    12    bunches  1  o- 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch  i  o- 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun.  4  o- 


SEEDS. 


London  :  Nov.  i3. — All  descriptions  of  Clover  seed 
exhibit  great  firmness,  but  the  demand  is  small.  No 
supply  of  red  seed  can  be  expected  this  season,  either 
from  the  United  States  or  from  Canada.  Trefoil  seed 
is  now  obtainable  at  extremely  low  rates.  For  Canary 
seed  more  money  is  asked,  but  Hemp  seed  continues 
unusually  cheap.  The  colder  weather,  as  might  have 
been  expected,  has  somewhat  hardened  the  valties  of 
boiling  Peas  and  Haricot  Beans.     Feeding  Linseed  is 


steady.  In  other  articles  there  is  no  quotable  change. 
John  Shaw  &*  Sons,  Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane. 
London,  E.C. 

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Nov.  16. — Rather  a  firmer  tone  was 
evidenced  in  the  Wheat  market,  and  buyers  showed  a 
little  more  disposition  to  operate  at  previous  rates,  but 
not  at  any  advance.  Flour  moved  more  slowly  than 
Wheat,  but  maintained  steady  value.  Malting  Barley 
was  without  quotable  change,  but  grinding  sorts  were 
the  turn  dearer.  Beans  and  Peas  moved  off  steadily  at 
unaltered  rates.  Maize  was  6(1.  higher  on  the  week. 
Oats  were  quite  6^1'.  above  the  rates  of  Monday  last. 

Noz'.  18. — Business  generally  opened  with  a  stronger 
tone,  especially  for  feeding  stuffs  ;  but  the  want  of 
demand  was  still  unrelieved,  and  the  result  ot  the  day's 
business  was  disappointing,  the  few  small  sales  leaving 
prices  all  round  without  quotable  improvement. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  14  : 
—Wheat,  31J.  ;  Barley,  305.  a,d.  ;  Oats,  191.  For  the 
corresponding  period  last  year:  —  Wheat,  31J.  51^.; 
Barley,  31J.  lod.  ;  Oats,  igs.  id. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  A'ov.  18.— Good  supply 
of  all  kinds,  prices  moderate,  demand  fair.  Quotations  : 
— Pears,  31.  to  6s.,  and  Apples,  2s.  6d.  to  5.^.  per  bushel  ; 
Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  41.,  and  Savoys,  2s.  to  4s.  per 
tally  ;  Celery,  js.  to  loj.  per  dozen  bundles  ;  Brussels 
Sprouts,  4s.  to  5-r.  per  sieve  ;  bunch  greens,  4J.  to  $s. 
per  dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips,  $s.  to  4^.  do.  ;  Carrots, 
2s.  6d.  to  3^.  do.  ;  Parsley,  is.  to  is.  6d.do.  ;  Beetroots, 
2s.  6d.  to  3t.  per  dozen  ;  Onions,  41.  to  5^.  per  cwt.  ; 
Carrots,  in  sacks,  32J.  10501.  per  ton;  white  Turnips, 
45^.  to  60s.  do  ;  Swede  do.,  30J.  to  32J,  6d.  do.  ;  and 
Mangels,  22s.  6d.  to  2$s.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  17. — There  was  a  good  supply, 
and  a  fair  trade  was  transacted  at  the  following  prices  : 
— Cabbages,  3^.  to  6s.,  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  41.  to  los.  do.  ; 
Cauliflowers,  8j.  to  lar.  do.  ;  greens,  bunch.  3.f.  to  4s. 
per  dozen  ;  Sprouts,  4s.  to  6s.  per  sieve  ;  Mangels,  20s. 
to  21S.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  25;.  to  27-j.  do.  ;  Onions.  70J. 
to  looj.  do.  ;  Turnips,  soj.  to  60s.  per  ton  ;  do.,  bunch, 
3^.  to  4s.  per  dozen  ;  Apples,  best,  2s.  to  5^.  per 
bushel;  do.,  conamon,  4s.  to  $s.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots, 
cattle  feeding,  30J.  to  35J.  per  ton  ;  do.,  household,  40J. 
to  45X.  do.  

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Nov.  17.— Fair  sup- 
plies and  slow  trade.  Prices  : — Regents,  70J.  to  looi.; 
Magnum  Bonums,  50.;.  10855.;  Champions,  6oj.  to8oj. ; 
Early  Roses.  60s.  to  855.  ;  Belgian  kidneys,  70J.  to  90J. ; 
German  reds,  60s.  to  70J.  ;  Snowflakes,  50J.  to  6oj.  per 
ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  18. — Demand  fair. 
Magnums,  55^.  t0  75J.;  Regents,  6af.to  70.1.  ;  Victorias, 
551.  to  65J. ;  Champions,  50J.  to  58J. ;  Early  Roses,  60s. 
to  65J. ;  Heros,  70s.  to  8oj. ;  and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  70J. 
to  Bos.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  17. — Good  supply  and  fair  trade. 
Magnums,  50J.  to  75s.  ;  Regents,  651.  to  70J. ;  Cham- 
pions, 5o.f.  to  60s. ;  and  Reading  Hero,  yos.  to  Boj.  per 
ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  325  bags  713  sacks  from  Stettin,  2852  bags  5 
sacks  from  Hamburg,  2  bags  from  Bremen,  81  bags 
from  Rotterdam,  2  bags  from  Antwerp,  and  1170  bags 
from  Ghent. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  17. — Trade  dull,  with  good 
supphes,  and  a  decidedly  drooping  tendency  in  the  price 
of  Clover.  The  tone  for  hay  was  firm  for  best  qualities. 
A  more  liberal  supply  of  straw,  and  the  top  quotation 
barely  supported.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  90J.  to 
105J.  ;  inferior,  6oi.  to  8oj.  Hay,  prime,  70J.  to  goi.  ; 
inlerior  50J.  to  6js. ;  and  straw,  25J.  to  38^.  per  load. 

Cumberland  {Regent's  Park):  Nov.  17.— A  large 
supply,  with  better  demand.  Prices  :— Clover,  best, 
95J.  to  \02s.  6d. ;  second,  60s.  to  90/.  Hay,  best,  755. 
to  87i.  6d.;  second,  50J.  to  70J. ;  and  straw,  301.  to  %6$. 
per  load.  

CATTLE. 

Metropolitan:  Nffv.  16. — Prime  cattle  were  short 
this  morning,  and  cleared  more  readily  at  rates  against 
buyers,  though  hardly  apparent  in  quotations.  Middling 
qu-lities  did  not  improve.  Sheep  sold  more  freely  at 
late  rates  for  wethers,  and  occasionally  slightly  belter 
prices  for  ewes.  No  change  transpired  in  the  calf  and 
pig  uade.  Quotations  : — Beasts,  ^s.  6d.  to  41.  5(/.,  and 
4s.  SJ.  to  5J.  4<y.  ;  calves,  2s.  8d.  to  4s.  lod.  ;  sheep, 
3j.  lod.  to  4J.  4d.,  and  4s.  8d.  to  51.  6d,  ;  pigs,  4J.  to 
4s.  6d. 

Nov.  19. — Quietness  was  characteristic  of  the  trade. 
Beasts  were  a  slow  sale  at  barely  Monday's  prices, 
except  for  fine  qualities,  which  were  scarce.  Prime 
sheep  were  fairly  steady,  other  kinds  weak.  Calves  were 
steady,  and  pigs  dull. 

COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  :— East  Wylam,  15J.  6d.  ;  Walls  End— Hel- 
ton,  17S.  6d.  :  Helton  Lyons.  15^.  6d.  ;  Tunstall, 
ISA  6d.  ;  Lambt'cto,  17s.  ;  Wear,  151.  6d. 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  i^d  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6rf. 
per  lb.,  or  421.  per  cwt--B.  LAMB  and  CO..  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W.C. 


PRUNING  MADE  SAFE  AND  EASY. 


"  Best  instrument  for  the  pu  ^ 
p&^e  that  has  yet  been  invented." 
~Cari/e>irrs  ChrmicU. 

Lengths  from  2  to  12  feet. 
Prices  from  4J.  6t^.  to  loj.  6i/. 

SAWS  for  cuttiiia  large 
branches;  will  fit  all  our  Prunei!. 
Prices— Curved,  -^s  ;  straight.  2J. 
These  and  extra  KNlVBSfii. 
to  \s.  6i.)  post-free.  Patent 
Solid  Steel  PRUNING  HtJOKS 
and  BILLS:  also  TROWELS, 
FORKS,  RAKES,  and  HOES, 
in  active  progress,  and  will  be 
strongest  and  cheapest  ever  sold. 

Price  Lists  of  the  STAN- 
DARD   MANUFACTURING 


CO.,      Pate 


and     Ge 


Machinists.  Strand  Arcade,  Der- 
by ;  and  Sold  by  the  Principal 
Ironmongers  and  Seedsmen. 


s 


Rhubarb  anil  Seakale  Forcing.  

TRONG     WELL-MADE      POTS 

for  the  above. 


Hyacinths  In  Pots. 

POTS  made  expressly  for  HYACINTHS 
can  be  supplied  by 
J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mate. 
PRICE    LIST    free. 


Bosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  anii  many  other  PATTERNS 
are     made     in     materials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts   are  specially  . 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ' 
GARDENS,  as   they  har- 

talce  up  little    r 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  1 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  A 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  la  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kiogsiand  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEVS  P.\TENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample;  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresscs  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

(IFISH    and   SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  31.  td.  bottle  ;  4::^.  dozen. 
"  Special  Jury  "  Whiskey,  7  years  old.  ^s.  bottle  ;  481.  dozen. 
KIN         J    T,_„"ii/'L-i        (  13  years  old,  5J.  bottle  ;    60s.  doz. 

"  Grand  Jury    Whiskey  J  ^l  ^^^^  ^j^;  ^.  bottle ;  72..  doz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  the  excellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sample  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  part  of  the  United  Kinedom  upon  receipt  of  r 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 


Under  tbe  Fatronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  above  Labels  are  made  of  a  \Vhite  Metal,  with  raised 

The  Gardeners'  Magazine  says  :— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  m  merit.'' 
Samples  and  Price  Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

ARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
Work,  Manures,  &c       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERV.     Cata- 
loeue  Free  per  post,  of  evevv  Horticultural  Requisite. 

HENIAMIN  FIELD,  F.RH.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  T.  Kennird),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  LOnddn,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


669 


THE  VERY  BEST  DRESS  GOODS  direct  from  our  MOULLS  at  WHOLESALE  PRICES, 

'■'  thus  avoiding  any  intermediate  prolits  whatever. 

At  the  BRADFORD  TECHNICAL  EXHIBITION,  opened  by  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  in  FACE  of  the  KEENEST  LOCAL 
and  UNIVERSAL  CUMPEUTION,  Ht.NKY  FEAbE  AND  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS  obtained  THE  ONLY  GOLD  MEDAL  awarded  by 
THE  CLOTHWORKERS'  COMPANY,  London,  which  was  the  HIGHEST  HONOUR  any  Manufacturer  could  obtain. 

Unlike  so  called  MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES,  who  buy  of  good,  bad,  and  inditterent  Manulacturers  to  sell  again  as  their  own,  and 
at  ordinary  retail  prices,  the  goods  of  HENRY  PEASE  AND  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS  are  of  their  own  manufacture,  direct  from  the  sheep's  back  to 
tVnt  nf  the  wearer  and  every  l^rocess  is  completed  within  their  own  factories. 

HENRY  PEASE  and  CO  'S  SUCCESSORS  are  thus  enabled  to  warrant  the  WEAR  and  QUALITY  of  every  yard,  and  to  Sell  at  Prices 
which,  cannot  be  approached  by  any  firm  offering  goods  under  what  is  often  fallaciously  termed  "direct  from  the  producer  to  the  purchaser." 

CROSS-WARP  SERGES,  fromll'-^^tolj  livy  per   I    OCEAN,    CANVAS,    and   BASKET  CLOTHS,  Pbin 


DARLINGTON 


OUR     MANUFACTURES    have    h.-id     133    y 


SAME  YARN 
iie   PRINCESS  of  WALES.     They  are  ll 
ngaged  in  their  produclion. 


Ladies  are  invited  to  send  for  Patterns  (and  Illustrated  Circular)  frcm 
part  of  the  World,  when  they  will  immediately  receive  a  complete  set  POSJ.-F 


GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  from  Ij.  11/ 
3t    per  vard  ;  MEKINOES,  Irora  2j.  to  3s    6,1  per  yard  ; 
OTTOMANS,    Irfim   Is.    to  3i.    per  yard:    COSTUME 
CLOTHS,    Irom  2!.  Iu4i.  per)  ard   :  CORDS,  Irom  6a.  to     I     a\juci.ui>,   r 
Is.  6  i-  per  yard,— All  ihe  above  ate  Plam  and  Coloured,    j  yard. 

CROSS-WARP 


.ind  p'ieured.  at  lQ[^d.  per  yard. 
NUNS'  VEILINGS.   Plain  and    Figured,  from  i'Ad.  1 
10'2'/.  per  yard. 


and    Figured,     from  Is.  4./.  to  3s.  per 


THESE  SERGES  ARE 

PRACllCALLV    UNTEARABLE 

EITHER  WAY  of  the  CLOTH. 

ALL   the   NEW  and   SEASONABLE 

MAKES  and  COLOUKS. 


jrcilases  of  XI  and  upwards,  Caniage  Paid.     Addiess  :— 

HENRY       PEASE 

Estabd.l 


&      CO. 


Spinners  ana  Jttanuf aoturei s,  DARLING  ION. 


The    LARGEST  and   CHOICEST  Stock  (to  ^.l  ct  f.om)  i 

England  of  I'Oiid  fuU  home  manufactured  goods,  held 

by  the  actual  Manufacturers. 

ANY  OUANTM  Y  CUT,  at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

'S       SUCCESSORS, 

[1752. 


SERGES. 


No.  37. 
No.  63. 


DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power, 
PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Steam  Power.  [Gardens.  &c. 

No.  ifia.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION    PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49a.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  so  and  54^2.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible SucUon. 

OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engi 


WATER    WHEELS.    WARMING    APPARATUS,    B.ATHS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particular!  taken 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54^.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed    for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 

No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  aU  siies. 

No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN.  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 

No.  39*.   IMPROVED  HOSE  REELS    or  Coiling  up  Long  Lengths  of   Hose  for 

Garden  use. 

Work  (or  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 


DRYING   CLOSETS,    G.'VSWORKS,  App.aratus  for  LIQUID    MANURE  distribution,    FIRE  MAINS, 
any  part  of  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  furnished. 


ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

W. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     w.c. 

Please    send    me    "The    Gardeners'    Chronicle"    for _ 

,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


1885. 
__  Months, 


commencing  ^ 

^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  0£&cd  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  ~  12  Months,  £i  3j.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  iid.  j    3  Months,  ts.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) ;— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  2d. 

P. 0,0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


670 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[November  2r,  1885, 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Htad  Litu  charged  as  two. 


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If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

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GAUDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

25  words  IS.  6J.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  0  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE   ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST    BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  an  caulhned 
apaittst  having  Letters^  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlwrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  51,  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  iveek  must  reach  tht  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  ;   12  Months.  iCl  3S.  lOd. 

6  Months.  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  65. 

Foreign  (exceptinE    India    and    China);    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months;    Iiidva  and  China.  £1  88.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.,  to  W.  Richards. 

Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  London,  W.C. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preservins  Iionwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark  ) 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  r.n 
all  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  Ii  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasinK  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  ts.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8^^.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"  Pierc£ field  Park,  Jutu:  21,  iSye.—Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park.  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox  " 

CA  UT/ON.— Hill  &  Smit>i  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  caik  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


21-02.   Foreign  of  the  ; 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept 

A  large  stock    of 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34»  St.  Jolui's  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applicati&n.    Quote  Chrfftttcle. 


PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

le  west  and  most  wonderful 
DISCOVERY. 


Cures  perfectly,  without 
medicine,  al  such  diseases 
as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Cough,  Innuenza,  Hay- 
fever,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

2s.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  directions  for  use. 
Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Medi  ■        "■      ' 


nt    dii 


(vhe 


;d). 


readily  be  obt 
upon  receipt  ot  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the    world, 
from  the   wholesale   dep-'t. 
Addrtss— 
JOHN   GIRDWOOD, 

■,  Paterrtee  and  Sole 
lanuiacturer, 

:9,  DonegaJl  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 


E      P      P      S   '   S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 


c    o 


O      A 


105.000  Accidents. 

For  whirhTwo  Million?  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company.  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  ;£zSo.o=o;  Premium  Income,  li^s.oco. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Cerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross  ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  Londou,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 


BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.   4658) 
'•  LUD  ..\TE"  WATCH,  has   obt.rined  the  Highest 

Award ofa  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  Exlilt)itlou,1885 


£5  5s. 


^£12  12s. 


Tbe  "Ludgate  Watch     is  a  SlUor  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  m>  I  f  I  1        1       I     V      « 1  h 

'*  Special  Strength  '  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

ye  le  ltd  thrmt^hout  in  ruBtes—true  Chronometer  bxlance — 
(uijusted  for  extremes  ivith  damp  and  dust-proof  patent 
rnng-b.tnd.  and  extended  barrel — masitve  sterling  stiver  done 
cases  ifith  crystal  gl^SS  front.,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
Winds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  Immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the  ■■Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swlss  and  American  (made 

in  Imitation  of  and  sold  as  English)  and  to  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  the  great  defects 
of  which  the  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt— is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MEDAL— rA<f  only  one  adjudged  to  English  Watches. 

Tlie  '  Ludgate"  is  of  better  quality  and  vaiue  than  any 
£10  ■watch  hi  titer  to  made.  The  "  Ludgate"  is  my  best  London 
make— strong,  handsome,  and  reliable— luill  stand  the  hardest 
lot-ar  and  tougliest  usage,  and  is  tlierefore  the  best  watch  for 
Home,  fnaiuH  and  Colontal  wear  by  Gardeners  (No.  i,  large 
size),  Wothmen.  and  Artisans  (No.  2,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen^ 
Office's  and  Men  in  H.M.  services.  Youths'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
small),  imU  be  senl./ree  and  safe  at  my  riilc,  to  ail  parts  of  the 
ivo-ld.  for  £5  63..  or  in  18-Carat  gOia,  crystal  glass  Cases, 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  ^ze). 

A  leiiiittaiice  by  P.O  O..  t>raft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three-Qaarter  Plate  English  Watch  for  ;iC5  5^-  in  Silver, 
or  £.\2  I2S.  m  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  oi  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom,  Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  fcighis  wilt  be 
proc^edrd  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining ihe  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Kull-plate 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  apphcation  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  M^je'^tyihe  Queci.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,   Ludgate  Hill,  E  C.  : 

And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W ,  London, 

Consequent  upon  the  award  of  the  Gold  Medal,  the  demand, 
always  gteit,  ha^  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  eXeCUtO  all  Orders  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  £2  to  i^  500,  Gold  and 
Silver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro 
pUte  and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  applicatioD, 


TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 
most   efTective,   14  lb.  for  95.  ;    28  lb.,  i8j.  ;    cwt.,  70J. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manufacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton.  E. 


T 


OBACCO    PAPER,   6(i.  per  lb.,  14  lb    6s 

ROLL  CLOTH,  best,  yd.  per  lb.,  14  lb.  7s.  td. 
M.    PEIRCE,    96,    York    Koad,    Montpellier,    B.istol. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incotporaled 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Dratvn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

T.\LES   by  POPULAR   ENGLISH  and    AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIO.NS.     DOME.STIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  tvide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  lu  Atlvaaoo,  £1  63  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  dd.  ;  Stamped,  "jd. 

Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  tor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 
Street,  E.C. 

Messrs.   Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.    Bride  Street, 
Fleet  Street,  E.C. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  i36.  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 

Manchester  . .  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

'Edinburgh....   Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 


1^*  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  /ilea  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 

REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — .\mong  ihe  principal  Contributors  are  ;  — 
A  Allard,  E.  Andre,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Cr^pin, 
O  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindtConinck,  J.  Kickx,  T  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H  Urtgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A,  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ot  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

'Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom ;— One  year, 
14^.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 


November  21,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


671 


ZADKIEL'S  ALMANAC  for  18S6,  the  Year 
of  Change,— Circulation  over  140,000.  Contains  Vcics  of 
the  Stars,  Weather  Predictions,  Hieroglyphic.  Z.idkiel 
foretold  the  Rus.-ian  Advance  in  Afghanistan,  the  Scudan 
Expeoition.  &c. 

Lcndon  :    COUSINS    and    CO.,    3,  York   Street,   Covent 
Garden.  W.C Price.  M. 

WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTION.^RY.  Comprising  the  Names,  Historj-,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
E.xplanation  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  Svo,  cloth.  Price  25J. 

BOTANY  for  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  M.^XWEI.L  T 
Masters  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany.  University 
of  London.     \\'ith  upwards  of  loo  Illustrations.     Price  v.  6rf. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
A  Complete  Maiuial  of  Rudimentary  Eotaoy  for  Students, 
Sic,     With  400  Illustrations,     Svo,  cloth.     Price  5s.  td. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of   BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.    Svo,  cloth.    Price  qi. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  CECONOMI- 
CAL    BOTANY.      With   numerous   Illustrations.   Svo, 
cloth.     Price  5J. 

LINDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 
For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use   of  Schools.      Price 
tj.  sewed. 

CO.,    B( 
Str<        -  - 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  pui-pose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  *^ MidiatldCoitritits 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Hey,>ld 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MAR.-M- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1S65,  by  F.  Blrve- 
NICH,  F.  Pavnaert.  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VA.^  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

THE   COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir   TosEra 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  from   the  Gaydeners*    Chronicle,    with  numcroti 
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Published  at  the  Office   of  the  Gardener's  Chronicle,    41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  M.anual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Earlev,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  41.  6d. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  js. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.   By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  is. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

HOW      TO      GROW     ASPARAGUS 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  rs.  stitched. 

London  :     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Boiivetie 
Street.  E.C. 


Nurserymen  to  Working  Foremen  with  £200. 

PARTNERSHIP    Management   in   a  going 
concern.— PROVINCIAL,  Mr.  Newton,  39,  Mark  Lane, 
London.  E.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  man,  as  UNDER 
GARDENER  and  COWMAN,  and  to  look  after 
Poultry,  Must  thoroughly  understand  the  latter. — D.  N. 
DRUCE,  29,  Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Fruit  Tree  Foreman. 

WANTED,  an  e.xperienced  and  thoroughly 
practical  MAN,  to  take  charge  of  the  Fruit  Tree 
Department.  Every  encouragement  given  to  a  really  good 
man. — Apply,  in  own  handwriting,  stating  age,  experience, 
where  last  employed,  and  wages  required,  to  JAMES 
DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 


WANTED,  a  young  man,  as  PROPAGA- 
TOR, under  General  Foreman.  Would  be  engaged 
principally  amongst  Climbing  Plants.  Experience  in  these, 
especially  Clematis,  indispensable.  Must  be  steatjy.  obliging, 
and  industrious.  To  such  a  man  the  situation  in  question  would 
be  a  permanent,  progressive,  and  comfortable  one.— Apply, 
stating  age.  exoerience.  where  acquired,  and  wages  expected. 
toT.  T.,  Gardeners'  Chremiele  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,  ORCHID   HAND,  in  a  large 

establishment,  where  Orchids  are  very  extensively 
grown— a  young  man  as  No.  2.  One  in  the  trade  preferred.— 
J.  R.  W.,  Barwin's,  Potter's  Bar,  N. 

WANTED,  a  ^oung  MAN,  about  25,  to 
Work  in  the  Houses  and  Outside.  Must  be  well  up  in 
Rose  Culture.  Sute  wages  ;  lodging  found.— A.  BROWN, 
The  Giudens,  Kuhing  Fatk,  Qodaltning. 


WANTED,  a  respectable  young  man,  as 
SECOND  ASSISTANT  in  a  Show  Conservatory. 
Must  be  wtll  up  in  Cut  Flower.  Bouquet,  and  Wreath  Work, 
and  have  a  knowledge  of  Plants,  Bulbs,  Seeds,  &c.— Apply 
stating  age,  experience,  and  wages  expected,  to  R.  J.  WOOD, 
The  Nurseries,  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries, 
Garston,  RkQUlRE  for  one  of  their  Liverpool  Florist  Estab- 
lishments, a  young  LADY  of  good  business  ability.  Must  be  a 
competent  hand  at  Making  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c. — Apply, 
giving  reference,  stating  salary  expicted,  to  the  MANAGER. 


WANT    PLAGES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.~To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  z'ery  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  thai  it  should  be 
filled  in  p.»yable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  knovJn,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  ficgotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  and  sajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Rest  ante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS    or  GARDENICKS. 

TAMES    CARTER    and   CO.   have   at    all 

C  times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Knquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S.  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


T)ICHARD     SMITH     AND     CO. 

-LIj  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
apph'cations  from  Gardeners,  seeklog  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wuh 
particulars,  &c. — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

'PO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

J.      MclNTVRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake   Formation  and   Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
bureh.  has  at  ptc:,ent  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 
are  kept.— A  Gentleman  desires  to  recommend  a  Head 
Gardener  to  any  one  requiring  a  practical  and  reliable  man. — 
A.  A.  D.,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


C:i  ARDENER  (Head),  where  four  or  more 
^  are  kept.  —  Fiist.class  excellent  personal  character, 
trustworthy  and  economical. — Apply  to  the  Misses  TVR- 
WHITT  DRAKE,  39,  Elm  Park  Gardens,  S.W.  (James 
Thomas,  widower,  one  daughter.) 


GARDENER  (Head).— GEORGE  Smith,  for 
fifteen  years  Head  Gardener  to  John  Rjland.',  Esq., 
Longford  Hall,  Stretford,  near  Manchester,  is  open  to  treat 
with  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  who  may  be  requiring  the 
services  of  a  qualified  Gardener.  First-class  relerences. — 
Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head)  to  any  Lady,  Noble- 
man, or  Gentleman,  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly 
practical  trustworthy  man.  Can  be  very  highly  recommended 
by  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,  as  a  first-class  man  of  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Growing  all  kinds  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and 
Vegetables;  also  the  keeping  of  same  in  thorough  good  order. 
Highest  testimonials.  — R.  P.,  Sharnbiook,  Bedford. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26  ; 

total  abstainer.  Twelve  years'  good  practical  experience 
all  branches.  First-class  references.— H.  TULL,  The  Gar- 
ns,  Ellyards,  Sandown,  Isle  of  Wight. 


G 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
several  are  kept.— Age  42.  married,  no  family  ;  thoroughly 
understands  his  duties;  good  character —B.,  81,  Junction 
Road,  London,  N. 

Orchia  Grower. 

GARDENER  (Head  or  Single-handed).— 
Skilful  Grape.  Pine,  Peach,  and  Orchid  Grower,  Laving- 
out  Pleasure  Grounds.  Eighteen  years'  character.— WILLIAM 
HENDERSON,  9«,  Jamaica  Street,  Bristol. 

GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED,  or  other- 
wise).—Age  29;  used  to  Houses,  Lawn  and  Kitchen 
Garden.  Gocd  character.- J.  A.,  16,  Mabledon  Place,  Euston 
Road,  London,  N.W. 

C;j.ARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  other- 
^  wise);  age  23,  married,  one  child.  —  A  Gentleman 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener.  He  is  reluctantly  obliged 
to  pirt  with  him  to  reduce  his  expenses.— Mr.  W.  NEWXON 
Gould's  Grove,  Benson.  Oxon. 


(^ARDENER    (Under),   Inside   or   Out.— 

'J      Age  30,    married  ;    good  references.- T.  S.,  77,  'Tower 
Hamlets  Road,  Forest  Gate,  Essex,  E. 


T^OREMAN  ;  age  29.— Mr.  Thos.  Hedlev, 

-L  Gardener  to  Colonel  Sowerby,  Putteridge  Park,  Luton, 
Beds.,  can  confidently  recommend  his  late  Foreman,  who  has 
been  with  him  in  that  capacity  five  years,  as  a  trustworthy  and 
thoroughly  competant  man  in  all  branches  of  gardening. 
Accustomed  to  Table  Decorations,  Bouquets,  &c. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  25  ;  experienced  in  all  branches.  'Two  years'  Fore- 
man in  present  situation.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  present 
and  previous  employers.— E.  J.  SMITH,  The  Gardens, 
Caldecote  Hall,  Nuneaton,  Warwickshire.! 

TpOREMAN     (Working).  —  Thoroughly 

-*-  understands  the  Cultivation  of  Dracsenas,  Eucharis, 
Ferns,  Palms,  Poinsettias,  Gardenias  ;  including  Bouvardias, 
Sulanums.  Cinerarias,  and  Primulas.  Good  reterences.-R.  W., 
Longland's  Nursery,  Sidcup. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN,  PROPAGATOR, 
or  FLORAL  DECORATOR.— Nine  years  in  last  situa- 
tion as  abjve.  Excellent  testimonials.— G.  W.,  45,  Bute 
Street.  Kemp  Town.  Brighton. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR,  or  MANA- 
GER  of  a  Small  Nursery. — Twenty.tbrte  years' expe- 
rience in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in  quantity,  Bouquel.s, 
Wreaths,  Crosses,  &c.  —  T.  S.,  Broon  Edge,  Norton. 
StafTjidshire. 

To  Nurserymen. 
"PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER  (Indoor).— 

-*-  Age  ^3  ;  over  seven  years'  experience.  Good  references. 
-JOHN  WINSER,  Post-office,  Plummers'  Plain,  Horsham, 
Sussex. 

ROPAGATOR    (Second),    or    SECOND 

GARDENER.— Three    yeais'    good      character.  —  W. 
BATCHELEK,  High  Street,  Hampton  Wick. 

TOURNEYMAN,     Outside      or     Inside.  — 

^  Age  22  ;  six  years  'experience.  Son  of  a  Scotch  Gardener. 
Good  reference.  Abstainer.  —  GARDENER,  St.  Helen's, 
Booterstown,  Dublin. 

TOURNEYMAN,    Inside  or  Out.— Age  23  ; 

^f  seven  years'  experience  under  Glass.  Good  characters. — 
A.  W.  G.,  Ne^  Egham.  near  Staines. 


TOURNEYMAN,   Inside  or    Out.— Age    21  ; 

*^'      good  character.       Six  years'  experience.  —  F.    ADAMS, 


Pre: 


TO  GARDENERS,  &c.  —  Wanted  by  a 
youlh  (age  iS)  a  situation  as  Third  or  Fourth  in  a 
NobIem.in's  or  Gentleman's  Garden.  Has  had  two  years'  ex- 
perience In  and  two  Outdoors.  —  T.  BELCHEK,  Brieht- 
waltham.  Wantage,  Berks. 


T 


0  GARDENERS.- A  youth  (age  18)  wants 

a  situation  in  a  Nobleman's  Garden.  Over  three  years' 
perience  in  Gardening.  Well  recommended.  —  G.  F.,  54. 
:rabroke  Road,  Kensington.  W. 


'■PO  MARKET  NURSERYMEN.— Anactive 

-1-  young  man  is  in  search  of  a  situation  in  a  Market  Nursery. 
Quick  at  Potiiog.  Tying,  and  Warering.  Excellent  references 
for  eleven  ye.irs'  experitnce.— J.  S.,  18,  Barrow  Hill  Road,  St. 
John's  Wood,  N.W. 


rpo    NURSERYMEN,    SEEDSMEN,   and 

-L  FLORISTS.— A  young  man  fage  21)  desires  permanent 
situation  in  a  Nursery,  Seed,  or  Florist's  Eslablishment  in  any 
place  of  trust.  Six  and  a  half  years'  practical  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  Trade,  good  general  knowledge  of  the  Value  of 
Plants,  Flowers.  Seeds,  and  Nursery  Stock  ;  good  Book-keeper, 
and  can  be  we'l  recommended. — W.  S.,  Gardtners'  Chronicle 
Offlce,  4r,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

pLERK,  BOOK-KEEPER,  or  SHOPMAN. 

V_^  Desires  Re-engagement.  Fourteen  years'  experience 
in  all  branches  of  the  business.—  JAMES  SIMPSON,  Peter 
Lawson  &  Son  (Limited),  Edinburgh. 

TRAVELLER,  MANAGER,  or  HEAD 
SHOPMAN.— Many  years'  experience,  and  thoroughly 
up  in  every  department  of  the  Seed  Trade.  Fair  knowledge  of 
Plants. -ALPHA,  og.  Craven  Street,  Birkenhead. 

UEED  TRADE.  —  Advertiser  is  open  for 
O  are-engagement,  eiiher  as  MANAGER,  SHOPMAN, 
or  any  other  good  posiiion.  First-class  re'erences.  — C.  B., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand. 
London,  W.C. 

^yo  THE  SEED  TRADE  —Situation  wanted 

X      by  a  young  man  (age  26)  with  good  references  and  eleven 


SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.  — 
Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  Trade  in  all  its 
branches,  acquired  during  a  twenty-five  years'  experience  in 
London  and  Provincial  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses.  Careful 
II  matters  of  business  detail. —J.  GEORGE, 


.  Scott  &  Co.,  Yeov: 


SHOPMAN  (Head). —Age  36; 
eighteen  years'  experience  in  Retail  S&&&  Trade,  with 
partial  knowledge  of  Nursery  Business  in  general.  Good 
Correspondent.  —  F.  B.,  lo.  Child's  Street,  Earl's  Court. 
Kensington,  S.W. 


SHOPMAN. — Twelve    years'    experience. — 
First-class     references.  — H.    K.,     Gardeners'    Chronicle 
Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Fourteen  years'  experience  ; 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  'Trade  :  could  take  Management 
of  Business.  First-class  relerences.- S.  A.,  Hurst  &  Son,  152, 
Houndsduch,  E. 


TTOLLOWAY'S  OlNTMENTandPILLS.— 

-^-*-  Coughs,  Influenza.— The  soothing  properties  of  these 
medicaments  render  them  well  worthy  of  trial  in  all  diseases  of 
the  respiratory  organs.  In  common  CJds  and  Influenza  the 
pais,  taken  internally,  and  the  Ointment  rubbed  over  the  chest 
and    throat,  are  exceedingly  tfficacious.      When    Influenza  is 


this 


the 


Holloway's  Pills  purify  the  blood,  remove  all  obstacles  to  its 
free  circulation  through  the  lungs,  relieve  the  over-gorged  air 
tubes,  and  render  respiration  free,  without  reducing  the 
strength,  irritating  the  nerves,  or  depressing  the  spirits  ;  such 
are  the  ready  means  of  escaping  from  suffering  when  afflicted 
with  Colds,  Coughs,  Bronchitis,  and  other  Chest  Complaints, 
by  which  the  health  of  so  many  is  seriously  and  permanently 
injured  in  most  countries. 


672 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[NOVKMBKR  41,    1885. 


BECK  &  CO,  Ltd., 

130,    GREiT    SUFFOLK    STREET, 
LONDON,    S.E. 

{Telegraphic  Address  —  "Hydrant,  Londi'ii"), 

HOT-WATEE   VALYE 

MANUFACTURERS,    &c. 

GOLD  MEDAL,   HEALTH  EXHIBITION. 


WHEATLEYS     PATENT. 

Tht  above  is  an  illusmilion  of  o.ir  NEW  PATENT 
THROTTLE  VALVE,  the  .idiMntages  of  vvhicli  are  shown 
in  sections  below. 

BEST  and  MOST   COMPACT    THROTTLE 
VALVE  in  the  MARKET. 


Prices  :-8s.  3d.    10s.    123.  6d. 


Should  Ihis  V.,lve  be  left  iinuei  for  a  lenethenfd  period  and 
be  found    t  ghlly  wedged,  by   simp  y  unsciewinK   the    LOWOT 

Nut.  or   Spindle,  ihi  

readily  turned  at  pU: 

No  violence  Is  tberefore  needed,  and  the  Valvo 
should  never  lie  hroken 


Beck's  Patent   Horizontal    Screw- 
down  Hot-water  Valves 

Are  Manufactured  at  the  above  Address  only, 
and  the  Name  of  the  Firm  is  Cast  on  each. 


GARDEN         HYDRANTS, 

STAXDPIPES,     HOSE, 
BRANCHPIPES,     SPREADERS,     ROSES,    &c. 


FIRE    APPLIANCES. 


Sectional  or  Complete  Catalogues  on  application. 


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Editorial  Commnnicationj  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Coyent  Garden,  London  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.    Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars.  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  ty 

thesaid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Count>'..    "  "'  '^ 

Agent  for  Majichester— John  Hbywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Mess 


.  J.  Mknzies  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgoi 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaljlisijeti  1841. 


No.  622.— Vol.  XXIV.jsER^rs.}   SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  28,  1885.        ( 


Registered  at  the  General  1       Price  6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  JPosT-FREE,  J  Jrf. 


CONTENTS. 


AlocaaU  siDuata  . . 
Alpine  planLs 
Angraecum  glomeratum.. 
Apiary,  the 

Apple  and  Pear  Congress, 
Edinburgh 
,,     repo  t  of 
Apples  and  Pears,  crack- 
Aster  Washington  Needle 
Australian  Orchids       .. 
Earkeria  Vanneriana 
Berry-bearing  plants 
Botanical  Gardens,  Java. 


Bn 


icliads 


Buckinghamshire  garden, 

Cactuses 

Calanlhe  LangeL.  .. 

Caltleya  Warscewiczii   .. 
l^hrysanthemum  blooms, 

exhibiting 
Chrysanthemums    at   the 

Royal  Nursery,  Slough 
Chrysanthemums,      bud- 


sing 


.  of . . 

Hooker,  Sir  Joseph 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Laelia  Perrini  vars. 
Nursery,  Messrs.  Veitch's 
Odontoglo5Sum,the  genus 
Orchid  exportation  from 
Brazil     .. 

,,     notes  and  gleanings 
Orchids  in  flower  at  Mr. 

B.  S.  Williams' nursery 
Palm,  a  hybrid    .. 

Plant-lice 

Propagator,  the   , . 

Birmingham  Show 


Covent  Garden 


Cusc 


efle: 


Edinburgh  Botanical.. 
Hampstead      Chrysan- 
themum Show 
Hull     Chrysanthemum 


I  the  Garden 


Dahlii 

Eight  days 
of  Englana 

Floral  Pyramids  . . 

Flower  garden,  the 

Fruits  under  glass 

Gardeners'   Royal  Bene- 
volent In    ' 


Show 


Manchester  Botanic   . . 
Twickenham  Horticul- 

Winchester      Hcrticul- 

Trees  and  shrubs, . 
Vanda  ccerulea  .. 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Aster  Washington  Needle 
Cladosporium  dendriticum 

,.     n     Apple  attacked  with  . 
Dicksonia  Lathami 
Odontoglossum  Ande: 

„     ,,     var.  lobatum 


lidal,  Ivy-leaved  . 


685 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NO  TICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON, 
London!' 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

DRURV  LANE. 

KINGSTON    and    SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM   SOCIETY. 
The  TENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  on 
TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November  >j  and   10,  1886. 
Schednles  are  in  couise  of  preparation,  and  will  be  forwarded 
when  ready  on  application  to 

T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 
Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


LAXTON'S    NEW   FRUITS   and  VEGE- 
TABLES.-Eight  First-class  Certificates  in  .885.     Send 
for  particulars  of  New  Peas,  Beans,  Potatos,  Tomatos,  Apples, 


DOUBLE  TUBEROSES,  extra  fine,  2s.  per 
dozen  ;  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Roots,  4s.  and 
61.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  Geiman  Crowns 
SJ.  M.  per  100;  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA.  31.  per  dozen: 
AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  from  i8s.  per  dozen.  Large 
quantities  at  cheaper  rates.     Trade  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  CO..  I  and  2,   Fenchurch   Street,   E.C.,   and 
Child's  Hill  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five  hundred 
varieties,  including  the  best  of  the  Exhibition,  Decora- 
tive, Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  is.  6d.  per  dozen,  toi.  per  rco  ; 
Plants,  w.  6d.  per  dozen,  its.  per  100  ;  ready,  end  of  December. 
Many  of  the  best  growers  in  the  country  ate  supptied  from  this 
collection.     For  the  grand  new  sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 

WM.'  ETHERINGTON,  Manor  House,  Swanscombe,  Kent. 

H  I  N  HAM'S         INDUSTRY 

GOOSEBERRY. 

Gcod  slrong,  3  years  plants,  6j.  per  dozen. 

Good  strong,  2  years  plants,  ^s.  per  dozen. 

This  variety^  originated  in  Northumberland.     The  most  pro- 

"        '  fruit  large,   when  ripe  dark  ted. 


w 


Gooseberry  gro' 
hardy,  excellent  flavour. 

W.  FELL  AND  CO.,  Wentworth  N: 


I  Hexham. 


LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  Clumps,  and 
SPIR^A  JAPONICA. -Extra  choice  clumps  of  the 
LILIES  at  70J.  per  ico,  and  first-class  selected  Clumps  of. 
SPlR.tASat  12..  per  100. 

CATALOGUES  of  Continental  Stock  free. 
AUG.  VAN  GEERT,  Continental  Nursery.  Ghent,   Belgium. 


"X^E    NARCISSUS  or  DAFFODIL;" 

J-     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodtnjts.  Price  if. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Cedrus  Deodara. 

HLANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 
•  in  the  country— fine,  \^ell.grown  Trees,  with  good 
roots,  fiom  3  to  12  fett  and  upwards,  to  cffer  cheap.  CATA- 
LOGUE free. 

The  Nurseiies,  Beikljimstead.  Herts. 

Nympbffia  alba  rosea  I 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer     strong    i-vear   Seedlings   of    this   beautilul 
Hardy  Rose-coloured  WAT  tK-l  ILY.     Price  on  appHcatioa 


Dedemsv. 


,  Netherlands. 


New  Chrysanthemums. 

ROWEN  is  offering  strong  flowering  plants 
•  (DELAUX)  vaiieties  for  iS86.  zrr.  per  dozen  ;  Cuttings, 
rooted,  loj.  ed.  per  dozen;  tweUe  varieties  tor  1885;  Gieen 
Plants,  loj.  6d.  net  dozen  ;  Rooted  Cuttings,  75.  6d.  :  Cuttings, 
5*.  Best  Exhibili  in  and  Decorative  sorts — Cuttings,  r  J.  dd.  per 
dozen,  two  dozen,  ar.  6d.  Catalogue  dd.,  {rte  to  purchasers. 
The  Floral  Nurseries,  Maidenhead. 


PAUL'S  NURSERIES,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts 
(entrance  from  Waltham  Cross  Station).  —  Purchasers 
of  ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES.  ORNAMENTAL  TREES 
EVERGREENS,  BULBS.  S;c..  are  invited,  before  purchasing, 
to  inspect  the  stock  at  the  Wallham  Cross  Nurseries,  half  an  hour 
from  London,  Great  Eastern  Railway.  Priced  CATALOGUES 
free.  WM.  PAUL  and  SON,  Waltham  Cross. 


Special  0£fer  of 

TWO  HUNDRED  THOUSAND  DWARF 
ROSES,  on  Manetti,  the  be't  plants  money  can  buy,  251' 
per  too.  50  fori  31,  I  z  for  41.    ASP.^kAGUS,  z-yr.    21,  per  100  ; 
3-yr.,  3S.  per  100  ;  vyr,  4s.  per  100.       MANETTI  STOCKS, 
fine,  4J.  per  100   255- per  loco.    Cash  with  orders.    Packingfree. 
R.   LOCKE,  Rosehank.  Fairseat,  Wrotham.  Kent. 

WANTED,  TO  EXCHANGE,  tender 
PALMS,  ?  feet  to  8  feet,  and  other  FOLIAGE 
PLANTS,  for  One  good  Specimen  ORANGE  TREE,  about 
6  feet  high,  in  fruit,  and  Six  large  AGAPANTHUS  U.'UBEL- 
LATUS,  in  pitsoriub^. 

W.  SWaNBOROUGH.  Glasloueh,  Co.  Monaghan. 


To  Planters  and  Norserymeii. 

TENDERS  WANTED  for   Supplying  and 
Planting  about  250  WESTERN  PLANES  (Platanus  occi- 
dentalisj  at  Finchley.    The  Plarts  not  to  be  less  than  12  (eethigh. 
Specifications  and  Forms  of  Tender  may  be  obtained  on  appli- 
cation   to     FRANCIS     RAVtNSCROFT,    Biikbeck    Land 
Society,  zg    Southampton  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


WILLIAM  DENMAN,  Salesman  and 
HuRTlcuLTtiRAt.  AcE.VT.  Covent  Garden.  W.C.  has 
a  large  demand  for  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  EUCHARIS, 
CALLAS,  CAMELLIAS,  and  other  CUT  FLOWERS. 

Laige  quantity  of  strong  flowerins  LILY  of  the  VALLEY 
CROWNS  on  hand.     Low  price  on  application. 


WM.  PERRY,  Jun.,  Smithfield  Market, 
Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  lO.MAToS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c.  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers'  and  Trade  references. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  «,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C.  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  HiU 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers'  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.      Boxes.  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAIvf, 
North  Row.  CoventGarden,  London, W.C.  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers.&c. 

SQU  E  iTc  H         ANTJ         BaTr  N  H  A^M, 
giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH        AND 
ACCOUNT  SALES  s 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


B  A  R  N  H  A  M. 

daily,  and 


Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and   Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 

Market,  and  lor.  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London, W.C. 

Warehouse— 37,  Hart  Street,  W.C. 


TELEGRAPHIC       ADDRESS.— 
"GILBERT,   STAMFORD." 

It  is  ?aid  that  Conservatives  have  no  Policy.     Biing  a  thorough 
one  I  declare  my  Policy  to  be  to  deal  honesily.  to  sell  all  I  can, 
and  to  give  general  satisfaction.     Send  for  CATALOGUE. 
R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens.  Stamford. 

'"PELEGRAMS.— "PAUL,    CHESHUNT," 

-*-  is  Registered  by  and  suffices  for 

PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 
The  great  all-round  Hardy  Plant  Nursery. 

CROUX    ET    FILS,   NURSERYMEN,    ValMe 
d'Aulnay,  i  Chatenay,  Seine.-5o  Hectares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

(  1867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art. 
Expositions  Universelle  <  1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,   Croix  de  la 
I  L<:g.on  d'Honneur. 

CATALOGUES  on  application. 


and 


NATIVE 

comprising 


BULB^,       AFRICAN 
PLANTS    of   NATAL.— A 

Crinums.  Imantophyllums.  Hajmanthus,  Native  Orchid  , 

bretia,  Hypoxis.  Begonia  Geranoides,  Dietes  Huttoni,  Gerberea. 
Agapanthus,  &c.     Zamias  and  Tree  Ferns. 
Prices  on  applicaiioo. 

ENGLISH, 


TMANTOPHYLLUM     (Clivia)     MINI- 

J-    ATUM   GRANDIFLORA,     fresh    Seed    (germioition 

guaranteed).    12  seeds.  3r  6d.  :  50  seeds,  tor   ;  100  teeds,  if  J. 

ED.  PYNAERT,  Ghent.  Belgium. 


w 


Grand  Christmas  Trees  In  great  variety. 

JACKSON      AND      CO.,     Nurseries, 

Bedale,  have  ihe  above,  fine  in  colour,  for  decorating 


,  hotels,  &c 


;  for  LIST  of  s 


ARCH    FIRS,   2  to  3  feet,   iqj-.  per  leoo. 

-i  LARCH  FIRS,  3  to  4  feet,  201.  per  1000. 

All  welI-ro(jted  wiih  good  root*. 
THOS.    HUNTER,  Barnard  Castle.  Durham. 


The  Grand  New  Regal  Pelargonium. 
T  EWiS'S  DUCHESS  of  ALBANY.— Good 

-L^  Plants  from  6o's,  is.  Od.  each,  three  Plants  for  41,  ;  large 
Plants  from  s-irch  pots.  2j.  6d.  each,  three  planti  f.jr  6s.  6d.  A 
1  for  larger  quantities.   Packing  and  carriage  fre«. 


)SON,  ^e 


1  Nu 


,  Ma 


TROUBLE     AFRICAN     TUBEROSES.— 

-.Ly      Extra  fine.  lor.  per  100,  ;Q^  per  loao  ;  extra  large,  finest 
ever  imported.  uS-  6d.  per  10.^. 
AMERICAN  PEARL,  ditto,  12s.  per  100,  £s  per  roco. 

large  firm  bulbs,  ve  y  low. 
[62,  Fenchurch  Street.  E.C. 


MANETTI      STOCKS 
rooted,  fine  for  Grafting  01 
per  looo,  £i  per  10,000.     Patkjgee  free  for 
KIRK  ALLEN,  TheNursery.  Fen  Drayton.  St.  I 


hard      and     well- 

nting,   3r.  per  too.  »». 


LARCH,  i-yr.  l-yr.,  5J.  6d.  ;  i  to  li  foot, 
6i/  ;  iJ4  to  2  feet,  i6r.  :  2  to  3  feet,  2or.  :  3  to  4  feet, 
4_to  5  feet.  32r.  6d.  per   rooj.     Nelt    cash.     Ground  wa 
Apply 


.,  -_  5  feet.  32r.  6d.  per 
Trade  prices  on  applicatioi 
The  Nur 


to  li  foot,  lOJ. 
,  »5'. 


,  Hanybyther. 


CHRISTMAS         KOSES 
CHRISTMAS    ROSE'^. 
HELLEBORUS    NIGER    ANGUSTIFOLIUS,    'Brock- 
hurst  "  variety,  pure  while,  very  free,  good  grower,  grand  for 
Forcing    and  the   best   of  all    the   Cliristmas    Roses.       Slrong 
clumps,    IS.  dd  ,  21.,  and  2S.  Cj.  each;    i8j.,  24J.,  and  30J.  per 

•A'ni.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nurseries,  Altrincham 
ra.  Market  Street.  Manchester. 

FJASPBERRY  CANES  and  CURRANT 
t  TREES.-For  the  famous  Carter's  Prolific  KASP- 
P.ERRY  CANES.  Naples  Black  and  Dutch  Red  CURRANT 
TREES,  apply  for  wholesale  sale  prices  to 

ALBERT  BATH,   Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

EARS— PEARS— PEARS.—  PYR  AM  I DS, 

of  the  finest  varieties,  61..  gj.,  12s.  per  dozen  ;  TRAINED 
TREES,  125,.  15J,  i3s  perdoztn. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  0;dfield  Nurseries,  Alirincham ; 
ra.  Market  Street.  Manchester. 


E 


ARLY      PEAS      FOR      SEED 

PRIZE  TAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST. 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 

All  harvested  without  rain. 

Price  lOS.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upwards.     Apply, 

C.  RANDELL,  Chadbury,  near  Evesham. 

ASH     PRICES.  —  SEAKALE,    very    fine 

Crowns      for      Forcing.       GRAPE      VINES.       FIGS, 
PEACHES.  &c..  in  Pots,  well  set  for  Fiuit.     Excellent  Dwarf- 
trained  PEACHES.  NECTARINES,  and  APRICuTS.  well 
ripened  and  fibrous-rooted.     Nett  Price  LIST  on  application 
WILL  TAYLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton.  Middlesex.' 

Broad  Beans. 
AND    F.   SHARPE   have   to   offer  fine 

nples  of  WINDSOR  and  LO.VG-POD  BEANS, 
and  pi  ices  on  application 


H. 


674 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutcli  Flower  Roots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  GrMt  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Cov=i.t  Garden  W.t,  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS,  received  direct  from  fa.  ms  m 
Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  buyers.  Sales  commence  at  half-past 
12  o'clock,  and  finishing  generally  at  half-past  4  o  Clock. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


by 


Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7031). 
FIRST-CLASS  ROSES,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C,  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
1  ION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  Decemner  2,  at 
half.past  12  o'clock  precisely,  agreat  variety  of  first-class  Standard 
and  Dwarf  ROSES,  from  well-known  French  and  English 
erowers,  STOVEand  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  BORDER 
PLANTS,  several  hundred  lots  of  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7031 ) 
50X>  LILIUM  AURATUM,  &c.,  from  Japan. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  ,8,  Kiog  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  December  3, 
an  imponation  of  5000  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM, 
and  a  quantity  of  another  LILY,  believed  to  be  L.  tigrinum 
Fortune!,  just  received  from  Japan  in  very  fine  condition. 
Od  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7032 ) 
IMPORTED    AND    ESTABLISHED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  T.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Sii 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  December  3, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  importation  of 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM  ALEXANDRyE  of  the 
very  best  type,  in  fine  masses  and  good  condition  ;  also 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  including  Masdevallias  of 
sorts,  Odjntoglots.  Batkerias,  &c  ,  by  order  of  Messrs. 
Shuulewnrth,  Caider  &  Co.  :  also  thl.ty  fine  plants  of 
CVITLEYA  VELUTINA  (irue),  thirty  semi  -  established 
VANDAS,  hardy  CYPRIPEDIUMS,  (ic. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  BiUbs.- Monday.  Thursday,  &  Saturday  Next. 
GRE.^T  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  .at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68.  Cheaoside,  E.C..  on  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and 
SATURDAY  NEXT,  at  half-past  ii  o'Clcck  precisely  each 
day,  ab  ut  800  Lots,  comprising  thousands  of  Double  and 
Single  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  NARCISSUS,  CROCUS, 
and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  excellent  quality,  lotted 
to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  bad. 

Important  Sale  of  Choice  Double  Camellias,  Azalea 
INDICA,  and  other  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  403  fine 
Sl.andard  and  other  ROSES,  selected  FRUIT  TREES, 
hardy  CONIFER.*  SHRUBS,  AMERICAN  PLANTS, 
DUTCH  BULBS.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  the  above,  at  the  City 
Auction  Rooms,  38  and  39.  Gracechurch  Street,  EC,  on 
TUESDAY,  December  i,  at  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  had  at  the  Rocmj 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  and 
Leytonstone,  E. 


Wednesday  Next. 
A  consignment  of  AZALEAS,  PALMS,  LAURUSTINUS, 
and  AZALEA  MOLLIS,  from  Belgium  :  imported 
SPIR/EA  JAPONICA.  well  grown  ;  FERNS  and 
DECORATIVE  PLANTS,  and  700  Standard  and  Dwarf 
ROSES  of  the  best  named  sorts,  from  English  Nurseries  ; 
LILY  of  the  VALLEY  crowns,  a  choice  assortment  of 
Hardy  English-grown  LILIES  and  BULBS,  CHRIST- 
MAS ROSES,  ACHIMENES,  NARCISSUS,  &c. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  EC  ,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  December  2,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Cranston's  Nurseries,  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 
POSTPONED  to  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
Dec.  2  and  3  (instead  of  Dec.  i  and  2,  as  advertised  last  week). 
Important  Two   Days'    Sale    of  unusually  well-grown    NUR- 
SERY STOCK,  the  whole  of  which  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition fcr  removal,  having  recently  been  transplanted. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Com- 
pany, Limited  (who  are  requiring  the  ground  for  the  extension 
of  the  cultivation  of  Roses,  a  specialty  of  their  establish- 
ment) to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Cranston's 
Nuiseries,  King's  Acre.  Hereford,  on  WEDNESDAY,  and 
THURSDAY  N  EXT,  Dccembir  2  and  3,  at  12  o'clock  precisely 
each  day,  several  Acres  of  first-class  NURSERY  STOCK, 
carefully  grown,  and  in  capital  condition  for  removal,  com- 
prising lo.oco  Standard,  Pyramid,  and  Dwarf-traiced  Fruit 
Trees  ;  splendid  Specimen  Conifers,  Ornamental  and 
Deciduous  Tiees  and  bhrubs  in  great  quintity.  Large  Limes, 
Poplars,  Chestnuts,  and  other  Standard  Trees;  1200  Poitugal 
Laurels.  Laurels  of  sorts,  200,000  Larch  Firs,  3  to  6  (eet  ; 
20  000  Scotch  Firs,  3K  to  6  feet ;  Thorn  Quicks,  thousands  of 
Spanish  Chestnuts,  4  to  6  feet ;  and  other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mise, at  the  Seed  Warehouse.  Broad  Street,  Hereford  ;  or  of 
the  Auctioneersand  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  Ixndoo,  E.G. 

N.B— Conveiances  will  meet  the  morning  Trains  at  Barr's 
Court  and  Barton  Stations  to  take  intending  purchasers  to  the 


Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TICJN,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  December  4.  at  half-past  120'Clock 
precisely,  a  splendid  importation  of  ODO.STOGLOSSUM 
ALEXANDR/E.  MASDEVALLIAS  in  variety,  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM GRANDE,  in  large  masses;  several  fine  TRI- 
CHOPILIAS,  several  ONCIDIUMS  from  Cential,  America, 
and  manv  other  OKCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

KENTIA  SEEDS -Just  received,  30,000  to  40,000  SEEDS 
of  KENTIA  BELMOREANA  and  K.  FORSTERIANA, 
CO  lected  in  Lord  Howe's  Island. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
December  4.  at  half-past  ) 2  o'clock  ptecisely,  30,000  to  40, oco 
KENTIA  SEEDS,  as  above. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Coldharbour    Nursery,     245,     Coldharbour    Lane, 

BRIXTON,  S.W..  within  one  minute's  walk  of  Lough- 
borough Junction  Station.  L.  C,  and  D  Railway,  and  only 
three  minutes'  walk  from  Loughborough  Paik  Statior,  on 
the  South  London  Line. 

MESSRS.  PEED  AND  GREAVES  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  WooUett  &  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  Coldharbour  Nursery  (in  ironse- 
quence  tf  part  of  the  ground  being  required  for  building 
purposes),  on  MOND.AY.  November  30,  at  it  o'clock  pie- 
ci.ely,  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  Sooo 
Forest  Trees  and  Shrubs,  5C0  Fruit  Trees,  2co  standard  and 
dwarf  Roses.  1000  Rhododendrons,  20C0  Euonymus.  4000 
flowering  and  other  Border  Shrubs,  2coo  Greenhouse  Plants, 
consisting  of  specimen  Camellias,  4  feet  to  8  feet  high  ;  Azaleas, 
Gardenias,  Dracamas,  Isolepis,  Clematis,  Palms.  Ferns,  &c  ; 
also  the  election  of  Si.x  GREENHOUSES,  Five  Ranges  of 
Brick  PITS,  Tubular  and  other  BOILERS,  Hot-water  PIPES, 
and  other  effects. 

May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had  on  the  Premises  ;  and  of  Messrs.  PEED  AND  GREAVES, 
Horticultuial  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  Loughborough  Road  , 
Brixton,  S  W. 


TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD,  a  NURSERY, 
6  miles  from  London.  Comprising  an  Acre  of  Ground, 
8  roomed  Dwelling-house.  Stable  and  Coach-house.  12  Gieen- 
houses  in  thorough  working  order. 

Apply.  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

Garden  Archilecl  and  Natural  Rock  Builder, 
SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT. 
1,  Grottoes,  and  Rockwoik,  in  common  with  Landscape 
Gardening,  to  suit  any  locality. 


Silv 


irded   Pre 


To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  hbetly  to  underuke  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hdl,  N. 


FORSALE, CHEAP,  18  Pots  of  EUCHARIS, 
each  pot  containing  8  to  12  fljwering  bulbs.     For  price 
W.    JAi  KSON,     Blakedown,    near     Kidderminster. 

SEAKALE    for    Forcing.  —  Excellent    large 
Crowns,  9or.  per  10:0  ;  under  500,  loj.  per  100.     Orders  to 
be  accompanied  bv  cheque  or  P.O.  O. 

ALFRED     ATWOOD,    Grower,    51,    ShiUington    Street, 
Baltersea,  S.W. 

HAMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH  VINES.— Extra  strong    Fruiting   Canes  of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on.Thamej, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court, 

VIOLETS. — We  have  several  thousands  in 
5-inch  pots  of  Marie  Louise  and  Swanlev  White 
(warranted  the  same  as  that  falsely  called  "Count  Brazza  "), 
full'  of  bud  ;  yield  a  large  crop  up  to  April,  5J.  per  dozen,  301. 
per    roo  ;  8j.  per   dozen,  545.    per   100  ;    lol.    per  dozen,    68J. 

"""h^CANNELL  and  SONS,  The  Home  of  Flowers,  Swanley, 


Bermuda  Easter  Lily. 

LILIUM  HARRISIL— This  Lily,  coming 
direct  from  Bermuda,  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
variety  geoerally  sent  from  America  under  the  above  name,  to 
which  ii  is  much  superior,  and  different  in  bulb,  growth,  and 
flower. 

Mr.  William  Bull  has  just  received  his  usual  large  impor- 
tation direct  from  Bermuda^^nd  can  supply  good  bulbs  at  2j.  6d. 
and  35.  6d.  each  ;  gigantic  bulbs,  51.  and  75.  6d.  each ;  a  few 
monster  bulbs,  i  foot  in  circumference,  10s.  6d.  each. 

LILIUM  AURATUM.— Mr.  William  Bull  is  now  booking 
orders  for  good,  plump,  sound  bulbs  at  6s  ,  gs..  i3s  ,  18s.,  and 
24J.  per  dozen.     All  other  good  LUies  at  equally  low  prices. 

Establishment  fcr  New  and  Rare  Plants,  5^6,  King's  Read, 
Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 

Home-grown  Vegetable  and  Field  Seeds. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to  for- 
•  ward  on  application  their  Wholesale  Special  Priced 
LIST  of  Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  of 
1885  growth,  all  raised  from  the  best  selected  stocks,  and  harvested 
in  splendid  condition.  The  Prices  will  be  found  very  advant- 
ageous. Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

TK  L  E  G  R  A  P  hTc        ADDRESS  — 
"GILBERT,  STAMFORD." 

The  gem  of  ihe  season-Gilben's  Late  White  BROCCOLI, 
Victoria— in  open  competition  beat  all  the  Models,  all  the 
Giants,  and  all  the  Queens,  besides  seven  dishes  of  Cauliflower. 
Awarded  a  Fitst-class  Certificate  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  This  Broccoli  is  without  doubt  preeminently  the 
finest  in  commerce.  Not  ihimblesful,  but  m  J^  oz.  packets," 
BS.  td.  each. 

A.  F.  BARRON  MELON,  Green-flesh,  First-class  Certifi- 
cate, und  true  TELEGRAPH  CUCUMBERS,  i  dozen  seeds, 
per  packet,  ii.  each. 

CHOU  DE  EURGHLEV,  a  pure  stock,  and  Universal 
SAVOY,  in  K  oz.  packets,  ts.  each. 

Gilbert's  selected  ONION  SEED,  saved  from  all  the  best 
shaped  and  finest  Bulbs,  Magnum  Bonum,  White  Spanish,  and 
Bedfordshire  Champion.  <)d.  per  packet. 

PRIMROSE  SEED,  crossed  with  Harbinger,  from  a  very 
fine  collection,  ir.  6^  per  packet. 

Border  CARNATIONS,  all  colours,  a  very  hardy  and  good 
stock,  ^d.  per  packet. 

Apply  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumford. 


FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  offer,  in 
splendid  stufl'and  at  low  prices,  the  followinE:-PLANES, 
It  to  12  feet.  Straight  stems  and  good  heads:  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  i  to  4  feet,  bushy  :  Oval-leaf  PRIVET, 
4  to  5  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  ; 
SWEET  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  to  4  (eet;  Double  GORSE,  in 
pots,  a  feet,  bushy  ;  BERBERIS  DARWINII,  in  pots,  a  to  3 
feet,  bushy  ;  LILACS.  5  to  6  feet  ;  RIBES,  4  feet. 
Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


BEACHEY'S  sweet  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Brazza's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan, 6s.  per  dozen  plants,  lis.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac  ;  N  ew  York,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  ted 
eye  ;  Belle  de  Chatenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Marie  Louise, 
(^ueeo.  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  3J.  6d.  per  dozen  plants,  js.  6d. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  thirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  directions  for 
Cultivation,     also     ROSES,    CARNATIONS,    and     PRIM- 
ROSES, I'Ad.,  tree. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEY,   Fluder,  Kineskerswell.  Devonshire. 


SPECIAL  CHEAP  OFFER.  —  PINES, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet  :  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Scotch,  12  to  24  inches  ;  ELM,  3  to  4  fett,  4  to  5  feet  ; 
ASH.  Common.  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feel.  4  to  s  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
ij^  to  2  feet,  2  to  3  feet,  7  10  8  feet,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT, I  to  2  feet  ;  HORNBEAM.  3  to  3  fett.  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  8  feet,  3  to  9  feet  ;  MAPLE.  4  to  lo  feet  ;  OA  K.  English, 
from  I  to  10  feet;  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  fett,  8  to  10 
feet,  10  to  12  (eet  ;  POPLARS,  American.  7  to  8  fett,  10  to  12 
feet;  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  (eet.  good  ; 
PRIVET,  Oval-leaf.  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  fi.  e  ;  QUICK, 
THORN,  4,  5,  and  6-yr.,  fine  ;  SYlAMORES.  3  to  4  lett.  4  to 
5  feet,  7  to  8  feet.  8  to  9  feet  ;  AUCUBAS.  2  to  3  feet; 
BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BOX,  CUPRESSUS,  vari- 
ous: ELDERS.  Gold:  CURRANTS,  flowering  ;  HOLLIES, 
in  great  variety;  IVIES,  in  sorts;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  ;  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundrel  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sizes — beautiful  slufif; 
RETINOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c..  applvto 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stoke-on-Trent. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  263. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  llowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  flee. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

PALMS. — A  few  huntireds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis.  Phoenix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  antj 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  4E.  per  dozen,  25J.  per  10: 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  12s.  per  dozen,  less  quantity 
IS.  3<<.  each. 

FERNS. — Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  Lomaria  Gibba, 
Adi:intum     cuneatum    (Maidenhair),    Ptens    tremula,    Pteris 
serrulata,  Pteris  serrulata  cristata.  Pteris  cretica  albo  lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  20s.  per  too,  3J.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true).  6j.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London.  N. 

WILSON    SERPELL,    Nurseryman, 

•  &c.,  Plymouth,  begs  to  offer  the  following  Shrubs,  &C., 
all  well-rooted  stuff;  early  orders  solicited  ; — 

CRYPTOMERIA  ELEGANS,  handsome  stuff,  3  to  4  feet, 
i8i.  pet  dozen. 

PICEA  NOBILIS.  13  to  21  inches,  and  30  inches,  well  trans- 
planted, las.  to  24r.  per  dozen. 

YEWS,  Irish,  well  furnished,  3  to  4  feet,  iSs.  per  dozen. 

PINUS  INSIGNIS.  3  to  3  feet,  iSs.  per  dozen. 

MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaved,  in  pots,  well  established. 

Autumn  Planting. 

THE  LAWSON  NURSERY  COMPANY 
(Limited),  Edinburgh,  have  to  intimate  that  their 
Nurseries  are  well  stocked  with  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  ROSES,  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.,  of  supe.  ior  quality,  and  when  personal  inspection 
is  not  convenient  ihey  will  be  gtad  to  make  special  offers  upon 

application.   „„,.„„  ..  . 

preparation,  ana 

LILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grown). 
— We  are  now  taking  up  in  fine  condition  the  Bulbs  of 
Lilium  auratum,  which  produced  the  magnificent  flowers  which 
we  exhibited  at  the  Great  Conservatory,  South  Kensington,  all 
through  August  and  September,  and  which  obtained  universai 
admiration.  Prices,  155.,  245.,  and  361.  per  dozen  ;  very  large 
bulbs,  55-  each  ;  selected  best  lorms,  is.  6d.,  31.  6d.,  and  51.  each- 
Our  importations  of  Indian  LILIES,  POLYPHYLLUM, 
WALLICHIANUM,  NEILGHERRENSE,  are  now  on 
their  way.  For  prices,  see  our  List  No.  77.  pages  rs,  19. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMP.ANY,  Colchester. 

SBIDE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
•  extensivs  stock  of— 

FRUIT     TREES     IDwarf-trained)  —  Apricots,     Nectarines, 

Peaches,  Apples,  Pears,  Cherries,  &c 
FOREST  TREES— Larch  and  Scotch  Fir.  Ash.  Hazel,  &c. 
ROSES-Standard  and  Dwarf.  ASH-Seedling,  i-yr. 

ASPARAGUS-For  Planting  ;  for  Forcing. 

The  whole  being  second  to  none  in  the  Trade.    C.\TALOGUES 
of  General  Nursery  Stock,  with  Prices.  &c,,  on  application  to 
S.  BIDE,  Alma  Nursery,  Farnham,  Surrey. 

Seed  Potatos. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  beg  to  announce  that 
•  their  Wholesale  Priced  LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS 
is  now  ready,  and  can  be  forwarded  at  once  on  application.  It 
comprises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cultivjtion,  including  several 
novelties  of  stetling  ment.  The  samples  are  very  fine  this 
season  and  entirely  free  from  disease,  and  the  prices  will  be 
found  very  teasooab'e. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

AME    COVERT  and  FOREST  TREES. 

—English  Furze,  tor.  6d.  pet  1000  ;  Broom,  70s.  per  1000  : 
Alder,  Ash,  Beech,  Birch,  Bitter  Osiers,  Spanish  Chestnuts, 
Elms  of  sorts,  Wych  Elm,  Hazel,  Hypericum,  Laurels,  Limes, 
Oaks  (English),  Evergreen  Privet,  Sycamore.  Thorn  Quick, 
Thorns  (Standards),  Rhododendrons,  Ghent  Azaleas,  Willows 
of  sorts.  Yuccas.  Apples,  &c.    Priced  LISTS  on  application  to 

W.  MAULE  AND  SONS,  The  Nurseries,  Bristol. 


NOVEMBBR  28,    1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


675 


©Ibiest.iMiohct) 


SffvK}  ORNAMENTAL   TREES. 


EES. 

3fniit  iTvccts  \ 

REENS  i  Cover  Plants.  E 
erTreesiPlantsJ 


cli-,iblr;iUii:u;j.  Address  infiill— 

I  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN.  | 

— >^^  Cbcstcr. 


■^■^X 


NEW   APPLES. 
SEPTEMBER   BEAUTY. 

First-class   Certificates  frotn    the    Royal  Horticultural 
Society  and  at  the  Ctystal  Palace,   1885. 

This  is  one  of  the  handsomest,  richest -flavoured,  and  most 
digestible  mid-season  dessert  Apples,  havirg  the  full  Ribston 
flavour,  but  precedes  thit  dclicL'us  Apple,  aod  is  hardier  and 
more  fertile. 

6s.  and  7s.  6d.  each. 


•      THE  DARTMOUTH  CRAB. 

The  largest,  best,  and  most  distinct  o'  all  the  Crabs,  and  one 
of  the  hai  d^omest  fruits  in  cultivation,  being  of  a  beautiful 
crimsonscatlet  crlour,  coated  ivilh  a  rich  bloom,  and  carried 
on  a  lone  stalk.  The  fruit  rejembles  an  enlarged  Victoria  Plum, 
ar.d  ihe  tree  laden  with  fiuit  is  most  atlraclive. 

This  Crab,  which  ripens  eaily.  is  not  acid,  but  if  eaten  .it  the 
ripenitig  point  is  equal  to  a  first-rate  summer  Ap^le. 

3s.  6d.  and  5s.  each. 

Ftnthcr  l^jrticulars  on  application  to 

THOMAS     LAXTOW, 

SEED  AND  NOVELTY  GROWER,  BEDFORD. 


CHEAP  BULBS 

FOR  PLANTING   IN   LARGE  MASSES  IN 

SHRUBBERIES,  BEOS  AND  BORDERS. 

Per  Ptr  Per 

HYACINTHS,  Red,  White  and  Blue     16W-  18/-  3/' 

TULIPS,  Double  or  Single,  Mixed  40/-  4/6  8d 

NAECISSUS,mixed  border  varieties         26/-  3/-  6d' 

GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 

vivid  scarlet,  extra  large    . .         . .  gQ/.      yyg     j/o 

GLADIOLUS    BRENCHLEYENSIS, 

"'"'"^""'" 45/-    5/6    !/• 


Nar 


Per 


Crocus,  white  . .    J/g 

Crocus,  striped        . .    1/6 
Jonquil,  Campernel      6/6 


Pen 


single 

Star  of  Bethlehem  . 
Pantinculus.  Persia 
Scilla.  pale  blue      . 
Scilla  Siberica 
Snowdrops 


AH    Parcels    Carriage    Free. 

Seedsmen   by   Royal    W.arrant   to    H.R.H.   The 

Prince   of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN, 
LONDON. 


ONSFORD        AND 

offer  at  very  low  prices  ;— 


SON 


L.4URELS-in  four 

EUONVMU.S. 

FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 

FRUIT  TREES-M.aidens  to  Bearing  Tree;. 

MULBERRIES. 

CONIFER^'-.-many  kinds. 

Bri.xton,  Surrey,  and  Bromley,  Kent, 
Telegraphic  Address  :— "  MULBERRIES.  LONDON." 


FRUIT  TREE  S.  — Horizontal-trained 
PEARS-Williams'  Eon  (  h.etien,  Marie  Louise,  Marie 
Louise  d'Uccle,  Bergamolte  d'Esperen,  Louise  Bonne.  &c., 
fine,  with  four  to  live  tiers.  Also  Standard  ai.d  Pyramid 
PEARS.  Slandard  PLUMS  and  DAMSONS,  Pyramid 
APPLES  and  PLU.MS.  Dwarf-trained  PEARS,  PLUMS, 
CHERRIES,  &c.  The  above  can  be  supplied  in  large 
quantities — fine,  well-grown  trees. 

H.  LANE  AND  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Berkamsted,  Herts. 


PAUL  &  SONS,  THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  GHESHUNT,  N., 

Solicit  Orders  for  the  Present  Planting  Season  for 


Nurseries:  — 
CHESHUNT. 

HIGH  BEECH. 
BROXBOUKNE. 


CATALOGUES 
FREE. 


ROSES, 

FRUIT    TREES, 
EVERGREENS  and  CHOICE  CONIFER/E, 
HOLLIES,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN, 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS 


ALL    SPECIALTIES    OF    THESE    CELEBRATED    NURSERIES. 

HIGHEST    AWARD,     SILVER     MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


In 


H' 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  ou  appUcatlon.         ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE   Is.  eacll. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


T^HE     COMMITTEE 

beg  to    GIVE  NOTICE  that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STREET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it  is   respectfully  requested  that  all  coin- 
iiiunicutions  may  be  addressed  there. 
By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  ^,   iSSq. 


R 


OSES.—  ROSE  S.- 


ROSES.— 

nty  Tea^,   splend  d 


Twenty-four  bushy    H.P.'s 
plants  and  choice  vars.  for  2ir.,  ca.h. 

EDWIN    HILHER.  Winchester. 

ROSES,   best  sorts,   very   fine  :— Dwarfs,  31. 
perdoz.  ;  Standards,  6j.  ;    Half  diito,  51.  ;  Dv/aif  ditto, 
4r.    (yd.       Many   letters    received    from    purchasers    expressing 
satisfaction.     LAUREL  (Common).    2  to  2^4   fe;t.  \s.kd.  per 
dcz.,  71.  fid.  per  too  ;  sj^  to  3  feet.  21.  per  doz. ,  lor,  per  too. 
F.  HARNETT,  Farmer,  Worplesdon,  Guildford. 

HRISTMAS   TREES,   ROSES,  &c.— 

S  PRUCE  FIR,  fine,  bushy,  clean  grown,  1  K  «>  sK  fee', 
several  thousands,  from  C^  to  C'i  per  1000,  i2j.  to  20J.  per  100. 
ROSES,  ICO  A.  K.  Williams, -30^.  ;  joo  choice  assorted,  301.: 
one  dozen  White  Baroness,  6j.  ;  one  dozen  assorted  Teas,  6r.  : 
one  dozen  Lamarque,  5J.  :  one  dozen  Ceu-ie  Fo'eslier,  is. 
HOLLIES,  bushy,  3  to  4  feet,  tSi.  per  doren.  BOX,  Tre?. 
Soo,  bushy,  2  to  3  feet,  27J.  6</.  per  100  ;  500  do.,  do.,  dr  .  2^^ 
to  4  feet.  35r.  per  100;  do.  do.,  fine  sinele  specimens,  3^  tj 
5  feet.  THUIOPSIS  DOLOBRATA,  fine  specimens,  2  to 
4  feet,  24J.  to  ids.  per  dozen.  PRIVEl",  strong,  i8i.  per  loon  ; 
do.  ovalifolium,  2  to  4  feet.  351.  per  icoo.  SCOTCH  FIR. 
luishy,  extra  transplanted,  3^^  to  6  feet,  from  \-iS.  per  100. 
Austrian  PINES.  Also  other  FOREST  TREES.  See  LIST. 
W.  GROVE.  Nurseryman,  Hereford'. 


Q.REAT  QALE  of  1\TURSERY  QTOCK 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  bs  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON      HILL     NURSERY, 

During  the  moKtli  of 

NO    V  E  M  B  £   R, 

All  kinds  of 


ROSES     AND     FRUIT    TREES, 

At  Greatly  Reduced  Prices. 

The  Trade  and  Private  Buyers  will  find  this  an  excellent 

oppaituoicy  for  Stocking, 

T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,     KINGSTON-ON.  TH-JMES. 

NEW  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


W 


E  have  an  Immense  Stock,  and  olTer  the 

following,  in  good  established  plants  in  pots,  at  gr.  per 
'dozen  ;— 

M.A.  Vilmotin-M.  Dixon 
M.  Freeman— M,  Gamier 
M.  Ghys— M.  Harman  Payn6 
Enchanteresse-EugSne    M<!-    M.  J.    H.   Laing-MM.  Thi- 

zard  haut  et  Keleleer 

Tupiter— Laciniata  Rosea  M.  Margottin— M.  N.  Davis 

■    ■      ■     ■       -  .       "-  -       m    Paul  Fane-M.  Raoux 

M.  Viotouski-M.  Vvon 
Souvenir    d'Haarlem  —  Rosa 

Cdlesle 
Exposition    de    Cliiilon— New 

York 
M.  Vivland-Morel— Belle  Na- 

30  Of  the  above  for  £1 ;  Cuttings,  lOa. 
The  whole  86  New  Varieties  for  £4 ;  Cuttings.  £2. 
Mb.  J.  MARTIN,  The  Gardens.  West  Hill  House.  Dartford, 
November  19.  1885  :— "  The  new  kinds  you  sent  me  the  last  two 
years  have  again  assisted  me  wonderfully  in  carrying  off  the 
cup  at  both  shows." 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS, 


Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure. 

M.-\NUF.\CTURED    SOLELY  AT   CLOVENFORDS. 

For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 
WILLIAM     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,  by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all   Nurseiymen   and   Seedsmen. 


676 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885. 


JERSEY    PEARS- FINEST    AND    BEST 

AT    THE    CHISWICK    CONFERENCE. 
"Wonderfully  fine  collection."— Car./c/:.  Ude. 

"  Exceed  any  shown  by  English  gjowcxs."— Gardeners'  Chrott- 
"  Large  in  size,  superb  in  fKn\s\\.'^ —Gardeners'  Magasiw. 
"  The  lions  of  the  i,\\ov/J*'  —  Garden. 

"Tnc  tii,esi  coloured  and  \z.tRZii."— Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
"  VV'nii(t.T^illy  gtand  display."— -DrtiVy  Chronicle. 
"EveryVodv  enquires  for  the  Jersey  V^zt^}'— Garden. 
"  lersey  carries  the  VsXm.." —Gardening  World. 
"  N  '.  -  u  d  dish  among  them."— (7<m/f«. 


.nV  JLULlSTRATCDCATALOCllES,  .^,  ,   (^ 

^«HUAiECORNU:^SON: 


PFARQ APPIES    PLUMS    &c.,  i3i.  perdo 

rCrtnO        Jspiher  tnined    -41.  per  dozen. 

nncCQ Migniticaiit  Bushes    91.  per  dozen. 

nUOCO       S(andu-d        trone     1 51.  per  dozen. 
Cash  Orders  most  liberally  treated. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V'  TR^CK  MUSHROOM 
■^  I  AWN  —  Too  well  known  to  reqnire 
ption  Price    6j.     per    bushel 

iij  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6  /  per  cake     free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

Ncne  genuine  unles.s  in  sealed  pack- 
iges  and  printed  cultural  directions 
euclo  ed   «iih  our  signature  attached. 

UM  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(LimiieH)       Nurser-vmen    and    Seed 


H., 


Nu 


.  N. 


PRIZE    COB.    Fl  LBERT, 

AND    OTHER    FRUIT    TREES 

Gentlemen  intending  to  make  Planlalions  should  ap,.ly  f  jr 

CATALOGUE  ami  PA  M  P  HLETS 

on  Ho-M  lo  Makt  Land  P.iy.  and  //ow  to  Plan!  anil  Prune,  to 

Mr.  COOPER,  F  R.H  S.,  Calcot  Gardens.  Beading. 


/k-ff^WBH      i  §■■■■-«  CJ 

An  immense  stock  of  healihy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 


CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTaTtREES and  SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    c&o. 
CATALOGUES  post-free. 

inHEApQONS 

UaM    CraAvlcv,        W  Sussex. 


OREST,  jf  RUIT 


ii    ALL    OTHER 


^REES  &  H^LANTS. 


s«|v6«°«*1?t.«\. 


Desciiptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 


HUGH    LOW  &   CO. 


ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  9i.,i2i,  i8j.,  jii..  per  dozen  ; 
AZALElV  INDICA  ALPA.  i8j.  per  dozen;  AZALEA  IN- 
DICA,  in  variety  185  ,  24J.,  30J.,  6oi.,  per  dozen;  AZALEA 
Fielder's  White,  iSs.,  245.,  per  dozen  :  ACACIA  ARMATA, 
121.,  iSt,  per  dozen  ;  ACACIA  DRUMMONDI,  181..  541-. 
per  dozen  ;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  4=1.  per  dozen  ; 
CAMELLIAS,  in  bud,  241.,  ias.,  60s.,  rer  dozen  ;  CAR- 
NATION. Tree.  iSJ.24S.,perdozen;CHOIbYATEKNArA, 
spring  flowering  White  Hawthorn,  scented,  gs.,  I2.f.,  pet  dozen  ; 
CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  12J  ,  i8j.,  per  dozen:  CORYPHA 
AUSTKALIS.  121..  i8j.,  per  dozen:  CROTONS,  i8j..  241., 
per  doz-n  ;  DRACKNA  CONGESTA,  i8i.  per  dozen  ; 
DRAC.KNA  RUIIRA,  i&i.  per  dozen:  DRAC.KNA  INDI- 
VISA.  241.  per  dozen  ;  DRAC.BNA.  in  v.aiiety,  iSi  ,  loj.,  per 
dozen;  ERICA  GRACILIS,  tzt.,  i8s. .  per  dozen  ;  ERICA 
CAFFRA,  izi.  rerdo  en;  ERICA  HYKMALIS.  121.,  i8j., 
245  ,  perdczen  ;  ERICA  MELANTHERA,  121.,  i8j..  TOJ.,per 
dozen  ;  ERICAS,  in  variety,  121.,  18'..  per  dozen  :  ERICAS, 
haid-wooded,  lis.,  181  ,  425..  fos.,  per  drzen  ;  EPACRIS,  g!., 
lis..  181..  per  dozen:  FiCUS  ELASTICUS,  30J.  per  dozen  ; 
FERNS,  in  variety,  in  4S's,  gs.,  12J  .  181,  per  dozen;  GE- 
NISTAS, I2S..  iSs,  perdozen  ;  GARDENIA  RADICANS, 
125.,  181,  per  dozen:  GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA,  grand, 
i8j.,  30s  ,  4ZS.,  60s.,  per  dozen  ;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS. 
I2J.  per  dozen:  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  fifty  vaiieties, 
121.,  2+1.,  per  dozen  ;  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  g!  ,  12s  ,  181., 
per  dozen:  JASMINUM  GRANDIFLORUM.  well  budded, 
deliciously  tragrant,  iSj,  21J.,  per  dozen  ;  JASMINUM  GRA- 
CILLIMUM.  extra  fine.  i8r.,  jcs  ,  for.,  per  dozen  ;  LA- 
TANIA  BORPO.'>iICA,  fine  slout  plants,  2,s  ,  30s.,  per  dozen  ; 
KENTIAS,  m  variety,  3->i.,  421.  per  d.  zen  :  LAURUS- 
TINUS,  French,  white,  in  bud,  i8j  ,  30J  ,  60s.,  per  dozen  : 
PALM'S,  in  vari.ly.  in  small  pots,  60s.  per  too  :  PHIKNIX 
RECLINATA,  3oi.  per  dczen  :  RHODODENDRONS. 
Princess  Ro^al.  kc,  i8j.,  301,,  605,  75s.,  841.,  per  di  zen  : 
PTYCHO'PERM.A  ALEXANDRA;,  iSi.  per  dczen;  SBA- 
FORTHIA  ELEGANS,  iSi .  3CI  ,  per  dozen;  SOLANUMS, 
in  berry,  gt.,  t2s.,  iSs.,  per  dczxti. 

All  ihe  above  can  be  supplied  by  ihe  hundred,  and  the 
ni  jority  by  the  thousand.     Inspection  invited. 

OKCHIDS  A  SPEOIALTy.  —  The  stock  at  the  Clapton 
Nursery  is  of  such  m.tenitude  that,  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not 
easy  to  foim  an  adequate  conception  of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

Three  spantoofed  houses  of  PHAI  .ENOPSI  •>  in  variety. 

The  Glass  Etiuctures  cover  an  area  of  246.000  super,  feet. 
Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  11. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties, 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    '*  List  of  New,  Rarb.    and  Choici 


■  free. 


riptli 


'  Hardy  North  American  Fbr 


■  free. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

OEMENTAL  TREES 
AND   SHRUBS. 

FOKEST    TEEES, 

ROSES,   FRUIT  TREES,  &'-e. 

Strong  and  Well-grown. 

Priced  List  of  Reduced  Prices  Free  on  application. 

WALTER    C.    SLOCOCK, 

GOLDWORTH   "  OLD  "   NURSERY, 

WOKING,         SURREY. 


ORNAMENTAL   PLANTS. 


I  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  in  50  distinct  varieties,  includ- 
ing the  new  golden  Sycamore,  purple  Maple,  purple 
Plum,  purple  Birch,  several  varigated  Acers,  Elms, 
&c.,  4  to  6  feet  high,  for  50J. 

.  ORNAMENTAL  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  in  sodistinct 
varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  15J. 

>  ORNAMENTAL  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS, 
t  feet  high,  for  40J. 


>  dis- 


,  CONIFERS,   in   too  distinct 

high,  for  6of. 
I  DWARF  ROSES,  in  ic 
,  RHODODENDRONS: 

high,  for  looj. 
.  PRIMROSES,  in  30  distinct  hardy 


3  feet 


Alls 


r  hampers,  package  fre 


nthc 


MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Nurseries,  Aberdeen. 
Telegraphic  Address—"  FORBESFIELD,    ABERDEEN. 


Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Frlcea  ranging  from  2s.  6d.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

FOR    KULL    particulars   APPLY    TO 

EWINO    &    00., 

SEA  VIEW  NURSERIES,   HAVANT,  HAMPSHIRE. 


SPEC/.4L    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Thi  Illustrated  and  Discriftivi  CA  TALOGUE  cfFR  UITS 

post-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Savvbridgeworth,  Herts. 


FRUIT,  FRUIT.  FRUIT, 

SEE    NEW    C.4T.-iL0GUE. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES. 
— All  the  finest  varieties. — Pyramids,  qi.  and  izf   per 
dozen:    Standards,   \2S.   per  dozen;    Dwarf-trained, 
I5f.  and  i%S-  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS.— Black,    Red,  White,   121.    per  too,  2S.  and 

•2S.  6d  per  dozen. 
RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,   121.  per  100;  Nonhumber- 

lai.d  Filtbasket,  6s.  per  100. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  15J.  and  aoi.  per  100,  21.  61/.  and  3'- 

STR  A  W  B  E  R  R I ES.- All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
.  per 


ROSES.       ROSES. 

S.e  our  Xew  C.it.ilo,^ue. 
The  finc't  11. P.  va-ieticF,  6s  ptr  dozen,  40J.  per  lox 
Tta  scei.tcd  and   Nni-etles.  15J    per  dozen  ;   loos.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses.  61.  per  dozen. 

Clinbing  varieiicS.  fcr  Roclefies.  Arbours,  &c.,  6.r.  p  doz. 

The   above  ate  :ill   our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 

M  >wer  much  better  than    Roses  grotvn    in  a   good  climate 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  luw  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 

OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,&c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinale  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
colours:  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  gi.  per  dozen,  ^s.  and  51.  per  loo.  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  sep.ar.-ite),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM,  SILENE  COMPACIA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  is.  6d.  per  dozen,  8s.  per  100  : 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring-Howering  Plants  for  \-js.  6d., 

HEPATICAS,    Blue  and  Red;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur.  35.  6d.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.— Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 

or  garden  bloom,  named,  sr.  per  dozen. 
SPLENDID    PHLOXES.  PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  varieties,  31.  6d.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.— The  most  showy 

sorts,  3J.  per  dozen,  21J.  per  too. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.— Good  exhibition  sorts, 

6s.   per   dozen  plants  :    fine    Clove  and  Border    Self 

varieties,  41.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 
LILIES.— Candidum,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  3J.  per  doz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


c 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

INERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,  \s.  6d.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 

our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARNATIONS,    DEUTZIA 

GRACILIS— In  pots  for  early  blooming,  6s.,  91., 

and  izr.  per  dozen. 
SPIR7EA  JAPONICA,  DIELVTRA  SPECTABILIS.— 

Fine  clumps,  sr.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,   mollLs,  pontica,  or    indica.   all  with 

buds,  for  forcing,  iSf.,  24J.,  and  30s.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  Moderate  Prices  of  all  BULBS,  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c.     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  rail. 


WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


November  28,  1883.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


677 


KENT:  the  GARDEN  of  ENGLAND. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD&CO.'S 

CELEBRA  TED 
FRUIT  TREE  NURSERIES, 

MAIDSTONE, 

Offer  to  Purchasers  the  advantage  of  a  choice 
from  a  Stock  of  400,000  well-grown,  fully 
ripened,  and  carefully  and  scientifically  trained 
trees,  which  lift  with  such  remarkable  roots  that 
they  are  suitable  for  all  soils  and  positions. 

Considered  by  competent  Judges  the  finest  general 
stock  In  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees 

IN  ALL  FORMS, 
For  the  Orchard,  Market  Plantation,  Walled 
or  Villa  Garden,  Prepared  for  Standards,  Rider 
Trained,  Dwarf  Fan,  Espalier  or  Horizontal 
Trained,  Pyramidal,  Double  or  Single  Cordons. 
All  Trees  on  the  most  congenial  StocU. 


Thousands  of  Fruit-bearing  Trees. 

Also  Orchard-house  Stuff  in  pots, 
Figs,  Vines,  &c. 

Large  Exhibitors  and  Prizetakers  at  the 
Crystal  Palace,  Exeter,  and  London  Shows,  the 
great  Apple  Congress,  and  the  Pear  Conference. 
Winners  of  the  Champion  Prize  for  Apples  at 
the  "  Inventories." 


APPLE,  LADY  SUDELEY,  First-class  Cer- 
tificate, Royal  Horticukiiral  Society  and  Royal 
Scottish  HorciculturaL 

„     HIGH    CANONS,  First-class  Certificate, 

Royal  Horlicuhural  Society. 

„     GOSPATRIC  (fine  at  the  Congress). 

Circulars,  with  Testimonials,  post-free. 

The  abofe  Neiu  afid  First-class  Apples  will  be  sent  out  by 

G.  B.  »5r*  Co.  this  November,  for  the  ^rst  time. 


ACRES     OF    ROSES, 

BHRUBS,  CONIFERS  and  PARK  TREES. 


CATALOGUES    GRATIS. 


Frequent  trains  on  tlie  Chatham  and  Dover  (Victoria). 

or  Soutk-Easlern  (Cannon  Street)  Railways. 
An  Inspection  is  solicited  from  all  Lovers  of  Horticulture. 


aSTASUSHSD    1793. 


Until  the  End  of  Decemberof  this  Year 

I  beg  to  ofTer, 
Parki/is  free  a>td  Carriage  Paid  throuehout  Great  Britain, 

CON  I  FER/E, 

GRAFTS  and  CUTTINGS  from  AUTUMN,  iSS-i, 
14a.  per  100,  £5  per  1000, 

in  the  following  sorts  ;— 
CHAM^CYPARIS  spha. 

CUPRESSUS       Lawso 
aibo-spica 
)•     .1     argentea 
„     ,,     argenteo  variega 
,,     ,,     aureo  variegata 

,,     ,,     elegans  variegat: 


RETINOSPORA  ericoides 
,,    leptoclada 
,,     pisifera  aurea 
„    plumosa 
,,     ,,     argenteo  var. 

TAXUS    elegantissima    van. 
gata 


A.    M.    C.    JONGKINDT     CONINCK, 

TOTTENHAM   NURSERIES, 
DEDEMSVAART.    near    ZWOLLE,    NETHERLANDS. 

U    R    P    L    E  C   A   T   A    L    P    A. 

Now  offered  for  the  first  time. 

Raiser's  Description.—  The  purple-leaved  Catalpa  is 
constant  in  this  :— The  tree  grows  constantly  from  early  Spring 
to  October  frosts.  There  are  four  pairs  of  the  young  leaves 
(terminal),  are  always  an  intensely  metallic  purple.  The  older 
leaves  are  from  black.purple  to  deep  green.  The  original  tree 
is  about  i8  feet  high  ;  every  branch  has  a  terminal  crown  of 
dark  purple  leaves  all  the  time  from  April  to  Octot)er.  The 
mature  leaves  are  lo  to  18  inches  diameter  either  wav.  Small 
Plants.  I  to  2  feet  high,  105.  fit.  ;  larger,  2  to  3  feet,  Zi  ij. 

H.  WATERER,  Importer  and  Exporter  of  i'lants  and  Bulbs, 
56  N.,  38th  Street,  Philadelphia.  U.S.A. 

FOREST  TREES 

One  of  the  largest  slocks  in  Europe  ;    quality 

unsurpassed  ;   prices  favourable  to  buyers  ; 

trees  hardy  ;   roots  abundant. 

Catalogues  and  all  information  on  application, 

LITTLE  &B^^^^^^ 

Nurseryinen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen,  and 
Wood  Foresters  to  the  Crown, 

CARLISLE. 

SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF    ■WELL-GROWN    STOCK. 

6,000    FRUIT     TREES,     mostly    Pyramids    and 

Standards,      consisting     of     best    sorts, 

APPLE.S,      PEARS,      PLUMS,     and 

CHERRIES. 

15,000    GOOSEBERRIES,      mostly     Warrington  ; 

also  some  Red  and  Black  CURRANTS. 

60,000  ASPARAGUS  and  SEAKALE  ;   the  forcing 

Seakale  is  fine. 
10,000   LAURELS,      including     rotundiflora     and 

caucasicum. 
20,000    IVIES,  mostly  small  leaved. 
5  000    TREE  BOX. 

5,000     POPLARS,  LIMES,  THORNS,    CHEST- 
NUTS. 


And  Jor  Special  Quotations,  &^c.,  nppiy  to 

HARRISO"n    k    SONS, 

NURSERYMEN  and  SLED  GROWERS, 
LEICESTER. 

ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

^"^"per^o?'""  ^''   ""  ''°""'  '^■\P'^>'i»S''"'i  Carriage 
STANDARDS,  H.P.,  t^.  per  doren,  j  f^^  Cash  wfjf Order. 

CLEM.\TIS  (80,000),  I2J.  to  24J.  per  dozen. 

ROSES,  in  Pots  (8o,c«o),  13s.  to  36J.  per  dozen. 

FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 

VINES  (60C0),  35.  td.  to  lOi.  fid. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 

STRAWBERRIES,  4s.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  tji.  to  251.  per  too. 

ASPARAGUS.  2J.  M.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  12s.  td.  per  too. 

SEAKALE,  strong  Forcins-,  i6«.  per  100. 

EVERGREENS.    CONIFERS     ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(^i  Acreei). 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  8..  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS  UNDERWOOD,  &c 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD'  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER, 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    28,    1S85. 


THE    RAISING    OF    HARDY 
FRUITS. 

I  HAVE  read  with  much  pleasure  Mr. 
Ingram's  interesting  article  (p.  589)  on 
raising  new  varieties  of  Pears  and  Apples  from 
seed,  and  am  delighted  to  see  that  one  occupy- 
ing his  distinguished  position  as  a  horticulturist 
and  a  writer  has  leisure  to  devote  his  talents  to 
such  a  praiseworthy  and  interesting  pursuit. 

The  floral  favourites  of  this  generation  will 
probably  te  all  but  forgotten  in  the  next,  but 
the  raiser  of  really  good  Apples  may  reasonably 
hope  that  his  productions  may,  like  the  Ribston 
and  Golden  Pippins,  and  the  old  Pearmain, 
survive  and  occupy  positions  of  honour  among 
Apples  centuries  hence.  I  know  that  many 
gardeners  view  the  introduction  of  new  fruits 
with  mistrust  and  aversion,  on  the  ground  that 
too  many  varieties  exist  already. 

I  readily  admit  that  far  too  many  kinds  of 
Apples  are  grown,  and  would  gladly  see  a 
liberal  weeding  out  of  inferior  varieties,  but  at 
the  same  time  I  would  be  sorry  to  think  that 
our  British  Apples  were  capable  of  no  further 
improvement,  for  even  the  best  of  them  fail  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  the  times,  and  in 
many  of  our  markets  are  practically  excluded 
by  American  varieties.  Some  maintain  that 
this  is  as  it  should  be  ;  that  ours  is  not  a  fruit- 
growing country  ;  and  that  it  is  hopeless  for 
fruit  growers  here  to  try  to  compete  with  the 
large,  fine,  and  highly-coloured  fruit,  which  is 
supplied  :n  such  large  quantities  from  America. 
I  do  not  take  this  view  of  the  matter. 
Though  a  genuine  free-trader,  and  glad  to  see 
a  plentiful  supply  of  good  fruit,  from  whatever 
source  obtained,  brought  within  reach  of  the 
people  ;  still,  I  think  that  we  should  not  re- 
signedly accept  the  present  state  of  matters  as 
inevitable,  but  should  endeavour  by  every 
means  in  our  power  to  improve  our  home- 
grown fruits,  not  only  by  careful  selection  of 
existing  varieties  and  proper  modes  of  culti- 
vation, but  by  endeavouring  to  raise  new  and 
improved  kinds.  Further,  I  see  no  reason  to 
doubt  but  that  persistent,  earnest,  and  well- 
directed  efforts  on  the  part  of  British  fruit 
raisers  may  result  in  a  race  of  Apples  suited  to 
our  climate,  and  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the 
best  American  fruit. 

We  have  sorts  that  attain  the  largest  size, 
we  have  varieties  that  excel  the  best  American 
Apples  in  flavour,  we  have  sorts  of  hand- 
some and  regular  outline  ;  many  of  our 
varieties  cannot  be  surpassed  as  bearers,  while 
there  are  not  a  few  that  put  on  the  richest 
colour  even  far  north  in  Scotland.  Now,  in  the 
hands  of  enthusiastic  and  skilful  cultivators  is 
there  not  a  possibility,  by  means  of  raising 
seedlings  from  selected  fruit,  or,  perhaps  still 
better,  by  systematic  crossing,  of  combining  all 
these  qualifications  in  the  same  variety  .'  The 
ideal  might  never  exactly  be  reached,  but  the 
eftbrts  to  attain  it  could  not  fail  to  produce 
many  valuable  acquisitions.  Thus,  a  Stirling 
Castle  with  greater  vigour  of  growth,  an  Ecklin- 
ville  of  more  attractive  colour,  and  a  Blenheim 
Orange  that  would  come  sooner  into  bearing, 


678 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885, 


would  all  be  decided  improvements,  and  pro- 
bably easy  of  attainment. 

That  increased  attention  has  lately  been 
directed  to  this  subject  is  evident  from  the 
number  of  really  good  new  varieties  of  hardy 
fruits  that  have  been  introduced  and  certificated 
within  the  last  few  years,  while  at  almost  every 
monthly  meeting  ot  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  new  claimants  for  honours  are  sub- 
mitted, and  though  most  of  them  are  relegated 
to  obscurity,  still  the  sign  is  a  healthy  and  a 
hopeful  one. 

The  writer  has  for  a  number  of  years  devoted 
a  considerable  amount  of  attention  to  the 
raising  of  new  varieties  of  hardy  fruits.  Special 
attention  has  been  given  to  the  Apple  as  likely 
to  give  the  best  results  in  Scotland,  but 
numerous  seedlings  have  also  been  raised  of 
red,  white,  and  black  Currants,  Raspberries,  &c. 
Among  the  seedlings  that  have  fruited  few,  so 
far,  have  been  thought  worthy  of  special  dis- 
tinction ;  but  the  pursuit  has  been  interesting 
and  instructive,  and  many  promising  looking 
seedlings  have  yet  to  disclose  their  qualities  ; 
and  among  them  something  may  be  found 
worthy  of  being  handed  down  to  posterity.  In 
raising  seedling  Apples  those  varieties  only 
should  be  used  as  parents  which  succeed  well 
in  the  district  in  which  the  raiser  resides. 
American  and  Continental  sorts,  however  fine 
(except  the  few  that  have  proved  to  do  well  in 
this  country),  should  be  avoided  as  not  likely 
to  produce  offspring  suitable  for  cultivation  in 
our  climate. 

This,  at  any  rate,  was  the  experience  of  Van 
Mons  m  regard  to  seedlings  of  French  versus 
Dutch  Pears,  and  no  doubt  the  same  thing 
holds  good  in  regard  to  other  fruits  and  other 
countries.  I  would  also  recommend  that  those 
varieties  chiefly  should  be  selected  as  seed 
parents  which  are  large,  smooth,  round,  and 
finely  coloured,  while  on  the  contrary  fruits  of 
awkward  outline,  angular,  knobbed,  or  ridged, 
with  deeply  sunk  eyes  and  stalks  or  unattrac- 
tive in  colour,  should  be  avoided. 

Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Stirling  Castle,  and 
new  Northern  Greening,  may  be  cited  as 
examples  of  Apples  of  pleasing  outline  ;  while 
Devonshire  Ouarrenden  and  Worcester  Pear- 
man  exhibit  the  perfection  of  colouring.  A 
preference  should  also  be  given  to  late  flowering 
sorts,  as  likely  to  produce  varieties  calculated 
to  escape  the  late  spring  frosts,  which  so  often 
play  havoc  with  our  fruit  crops,  though  I  have 
seen  the  Oslin  Pippin  escape  by  reason  of  its 
extreme  earliness,  the  set  fruit  evidently  with- 
standing the  frost  better  than  the  expanded 
blossoms  of  later  flowering  varieties. 

The  method  I  have  generally  followed  in 
raising  seedling  Apples  is  to  save  the  seed  from 
choice  fruit  as  opportunity  offers,  and  to  sow  in 
pots  in  a  greenhouse  or  frame  early  in  spring. 
Each  variety  is  kept  separate,  and  a  record 
kept  of  the  parentage.  By  autumn  they  are 
nice  plants,  9  to  i  S  inches  high,  and  they  are  then 
planted  out  and  carefully  labelled.  In  the  spring 
one  or  two  scions  are  taken  from  each  of  the 
strongest  seedlings,  and  grafted  on  Paradise 
stocks  in  the  nursery  lines.  After  a  season's 
growth  they  are  planted  out  in  the  experi- 
mental ground,  3  feet  apart  each  way,  and 
kept  within  moderate  compass  by  means  of 
pinching,  and,  if  necessary,  root-pruning,  and 
in  a  few  years  they  show  flower  and  fruit. 

It  is  very  interesting  to  watch  the  character- 
istics of  the  different  seedlings  as  they  develope. 
Some  sorts  seem  to  reproduce  themselves  with 
little  variation,  as  far  as  foliage,  wood,  and  habit 
of  growth  are  concerned.  Thus  in  numerous 
seedlings  from  King  of  Pippins  (or  the  variety 
generally  grown  by  that  name)  almost  every  one 
has  the  upright  habit  of  the  parent  ;  and  the 
progeny  of  Potts'  Seedling  nearly  all  exhibit 
the  peculiar  knob  or  thickening  of  the  shoot 
below  each  leaf-bud  so  distinctive  of  that 
variety.     On  the  other  hand,  some  of  the  seed- 


lings have  nothing  in  their  appearance  which 
would  give  a  clue  to  their  parentage  ;  thus  a 
number  of  seedlings  from  Warner's  King  are 
small  and  twiggy  in  their  growth,  poor  in 
foliage,  and  do  not  raise  any  lively  expectations 
as  to  their  future.  Among  seedlings  from  Stir- 
ling Castle  are  several  of  evidently  greater 
vigour  than  their  parent,  while  one  is  so 
beautifully  pendulous  as  to  promise  to  be  an 
acquisition  as  an  ornamental  tree.  Seed  from 
very  free  bearing  Apples  often  seems  deficient  in 
vitality,  a  result  probably  of  overcropping. 
Thus  the  seed  of  Lord  Suffield  often  fails  to 
germinate,  and  of  those  that  come  up  many  are 
weak  and  are  carried  oft"  by  mildew  the  first 
year.  In  the  case  of  such  free  bearing  sorts  the 
seeds  should  be  taken  from  fruit  on  young 
trees,  bearing  a  thin  crop.  Seedlings  which 
ha\'e  thin  twiggy  growths  and  small  leaves  are 
scarcely  worth  the  trouble  of  grafting,  for 
though  there  may  be  a  few  exceptions,  nearly 
every  good  Apple  recommends  itself  to  the 
experienced  eye  by  its  foliage,  wood,  and  style 
of  growth. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  record  that  among  a 
considerable  number  of  seedlings  of  white 
Currants  which  have  fruited,  none  so  far  have 
produced  red  fruit.  Seedling  Raspberries 
exhibit  a  great  variety  of  growth,  though  they 
preserve  a  general  resemblance  to  the  parent. 
In  my  latest  lot  of  seedling  Raspberries  I 
observe  several  which  have  canes  entirely  free 
from  spines. 

Afraid  that  I  have  already  encroached  too 
much  on  your  valuable  space,  I  will  reserve 
some  further  observations  for  a  future  occasion, 
if  thought  desirable.  James  Grieve,  I'ilrig 
Park,  Ediiihurs^h. 


ALOC.\SI.\  SIXUATA,  N.  E.  Br.,  n.  sf. 
This  is  a  very  striking  and  distinct  novelty, 
recently  introduued  by  Mr.  W.  Bull  from  the  Malay 
Archipelago.  It  is  a  handsome  plant,  very  dif- 
ferent from  anything  else  at  present  in  cultivation, 
so  far  as  known  to  me,  and  remarkable  for  the 
unusual  number  of  leaves  produced  by  each  crown, 
which,  taken  in  conjunction  with  their  fine  dark 
colour  and  the  strongly  sinuate  margin  of  the  blade, 
make  it  a  very  ornamenlal  and  highly  etfective  foliage 
plant,  and  one  of  the  most  striking  Arolds  that  I 
have  seen  for  some  time.  The  specimen  from  which 
the  description  given  below  was  made,  was  a  flower- 
ing plant,  and  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  Bull  was  very 
much  below  the  average  size,  and  that  according  to 
the  statements  of  the  collector  a  full  grown  plant 
would  be  about  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  ;  a  grand  and 
noble  Aroid.  From  this  it  will  be  understood  that 
the  dimensions  given  below  are  introduced  to  show 
the  proportions  of  the  various  parts.  The  boat- 
shaped  limb  of  the  bracts  is  a  remarkable  character, 
and  well  illustrates  the  transition  from  the  blade  of  a 
leaf  to  a  spathe,  and  indeed  it  is  very  similar  to  the 
limb  of  the  actual  spathe.  I  have  not  noticed  it 
in  any  other  species.  This  plant  is  also  interesting 
as  forming  a  connecting  link  between  Alocasia  and 
Schizocasia,  and  I  am  now,  after  examining  this 
specie?  inclined  to  adopt  Engler's  former  view,  that 
the  two  genera  should  be  united. 

Leaves  numerous  (for  an  jAlocasia).  Petiole 
6  inches  long,  flattened  on  the  face,  rounded  on  the 
back,  sheathing  at  the  base,  dull  green.  Lamina 
sagittate,  with  strongly  marked  sinuous  margins,  9 
inches  long,  4  inches  broad  (growing  to  a  very  much 
larger  size),  the  front  lobe  oblong,  very  obtuse,  with  a 
short  triangular  point,  the  basal  lobes  about  half  .as 
long  as  the  front  lobe,  triangular,  obtuse,  with  straight 
inner  margins,  and  separated  by  an  acute  triangular 
sinus.  Primary  lateral  veins  about  seven  or  eight  on 
each  side  of  the  midrib,  spreading,  straight  or 
variously  curved,  the  four  lower  ones  stout  and  ra'het 
distant ;  those  near  the  apex  much  more  slender  arid 
closer  together.     The  postical  branches  of  the  midrib 


which  run  into  the  posterior  lobes,  give  off  two  distant 
lateral  veins  from  their  upper  edge;  intramarginal 
vein  about  J -line  distant  from  the  margin.  All  the 
veins  are  strongly  impressed  above  and  prominent 
beneath,  making  the  surface  somewhat  bullate.  The 
upper  surface  of  young  leaves  is  of  a  very  dark  green 
along  the  principal  veins,  and  of  a  lighter  cheerful 
green  between  them  ;  but  in  old  leaves  the  lighter 
green  deepens  and  becomes  less  distinguishable, 
although  the  contrast  is  still  evident.  Under-surface 
whitish-green,  with  the  principal  veins  darker. 
Scapes  several,  from  the  centre  of  the  rosette 
of  leaves,  each  with  two  sheathing  bracts,  the 
outer  furnished  with  a  stalked,  lanceolate,  acute, 
boat-shaped,  green  lamina  ;  the  inner  membranous, 
lanceolate,  acute,  concealed  within  the  sheath  of  the 
outer  bract.  Scape  S  inches  long,  i  inch  thick, 
slightly  compressed,  terete,  light  gieen.  ,'^pathe 
about  3  inches  long  (tube  7  —  S  lines  long,  lamina 
2\  inches  long),  entirely  light  green  inside  and  out  ; 
tube  a  litlh  compressed,  ellipsoidal,  nearly  as  broad  as 
long,  lamina  erect,  narrow  boat-shaped,  about  i  inch 
broad,  convolute-acuminate  at  apex.  Spadix  2|  —  24 
inches  long  (female  part  4  lines,  neuter  part  between 
ovaries  and  stamens  5  lines,  mile  part  \  inch,  and 
the  cylindric-conoidal  appendix  I  —  li  inch  long), 
ovaries  rather  few,  in  two  or  three  whorls,  globose, 
green,  with  a  large  3—4  lobed  whitish  stigma  ;  the 
rest  of  the  spadix  milk-white.  Malay  Archipelago. 
iV.  E.  Brown,  Herbarium,  Kno. 

Barkeria  Vanneriana,  «.  sp.  {hyi.  nat.  .?).* 
This  is  a  very  fine  plant,  neatly  intermediate 
between  Epidendrum  Skinneri  and  Barkeria  Lind- 
leyana.  Its  flowers  are  equal  to  those  of  the  last 
named,  fine  rosy-purple  la  colour,  with  a  small  whitish 
disc  on  the  lip.  The  column  is  quite  Barkeroid,  but 
the  rounded  acute  lip  is  far  more  like  that  of  Epiden- 
drum Skinneri.  Is  it  a  hybrid  ?  I  had  it  from  Mr. 
F.  Sander,  who  obtained  it  from  ray  excellent  corre- 
spondent, Mr.  H.  Vanner,  of  Camden  Wood,  Chisle- 
hurst,  to  whom  it  is  dedicated  with  pleasure.  It 
would,  however,  be  unfair  not  to  state  at  once  that  I 
have  known  the  plant  since  December,  1883,  when 
Mr.  W.  Bull  sent  me  just  the  same  thing  under 
No.  S23.  When  I  asked  him  for  more  material,  it 
had,  I  believe,  been  disposed  of,  and  thus  the  plant 
was  left  in  my  herbarium  and  kept  unpublished. 
There  is  still  another  very  curious  undescribed  Barkeria 
from  Mr.  Bull  in  my  herbarium.   H.  G.  Rclib.  f. 

Cattleva  Warscewiczii,  RM.f. 

I  lately  had  a  gorgeous  flower  of  this  little-known 
grand  Cattleya  from  Messrs.  A.  Spae's  successors,  E. 
Vervaet  &  Co.,  Mont  St.  Amand-lez-Gand.  Not  to 
speak  of  the  uncommonly  delicate  colours,  I  may  say 
that  the  dried  flower  (of  course  smaller  than  the  fresh 
one)  before  me  measures  I  inch  from  the  lop  of  the 
dorsal  sepal  to  the  tip  of  the  lip,  and  the  line  between 
the  tips  of  the  petals  is  of  the  same  length.  I  learn 
that  the  plant  had  three  such  flowers,  one  of  which 
was  forwarded  to  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  another  to 
M.  Massange  de  Louvrex,  //.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

[The  plant,  which  had  twenty  bulbs,  is  now  the 
property  of  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P. 
E.  Vervacl  &^  Cte.] 

ANGR/ECUM  glomeratum,  h.  J/.t 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Horticultural 
Society  there  was  shown  by  Major  Lendy  a 
curious  Angracum,  with  a  request  for  its  name.  I 
have  been  unable  to  recognise  it  as  a  described 
species,  and  herewith  offer  a  description  of  it  under 
the  name  of  Angrsecum  glomeratum.  It  has  the 
narrow  bilobed  leaves  and  short  stem  of  A.  pertusum, 
and  bears  a  single  lateral  compact  head  of  forty  small 
white  sweet-scented  flowers.  The  bases  of  the  heads 
are  covered  with  ovate  brown  membranous  bracts. 
The  structure  of  the  flowers  is  like  that  of  A.  clan- 
destinum,  Lindl.,  but  the  lip  is  less  open,  the  spur 
quite  straight,   parallel  to  the  smooth  white  ovary, 


•  Barkeria  Va}meriar.a..  —  \a\\.\x  Barlteriae  Lindleyana: : 
labello  oblongo  acuto  nee  antice  retusmsculo  callis  depressis 
ligulatis  acutis  in  basi  geminis,  lineis  carmato  elevatis.  ungue  ad 
apicem  ternU  ;  columna  depressa.  Speciosa  planta  egr. 
H.  Vanner  dicaturo.    Epidendrum  Vannerianum,  Rctib.  f.  H.ij 

t  Ansri€ciiin  gh'incratum,  n.  sp.  —  Folia  ligulata  liiloba  : 
caulis  brcvrs.  Anthgla  capilata  lateralis  densa,  basi  sijuamis 
membrauaceis  brunneis,  marginlbus  scariosis,  tecto.  Hores 
parvi  albi  odori.  Petals  et  s<?pala  ovata  obtusa-  Labellum 
infundibulare  integrum.  Calcar  ovario  aequale  rectum  cylindria- 
tum  apic'e  clavato.  Columna  longiuscula,  margimbijs  Incurvis 
roitello  elongato  acnlo.  Antbera  truncata.  Ciudicu'a  an- 
"usta  duo,  discus  elonzatus  oblongus  integer.  Sierra  Leone. 
'h.  RidlfV. 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


679 


and  clubbed  at  the  end.  Major  Lendy  tells  me  he 
purchased  it  from  F.  Sander  in  1SS4.  It  was  intro- 
duced for  Messrs.  Sander  by  the  late  Mr.  S.  Schroder 
from  Sierra  Leone.  H.  Ridley, 

Calanthe  Langei. 
Leaves  elongate-lanceolar,  gradually  acuminated, 
narrowed  into  a  channelled  stalk,  several  tufts  of 
leaves  from  one  rhizome  :  flower-stalks  basal,  much 
surpassed  in  length  by  the  leaves,  beset  by  several 
large  green  clasping  bracts  ;  flowers  numerous, 
pendent,  crowded  into  a  dense  glabrous  raceme  ; 
floral  bracts  membranous,  linear,  gradually  much 
pointed,  reaching  to  the  summit  of  the  calyces,  early 
deciduous  ;  slalklets  short  ;  calyx-tube  about  half  as 
long  as  the  lobes  ;  the  latter  deep  yellow,  not  spread- 
ing ;  upper  one  ovate  and  somewhat  acute  ;  lateral 
lobes  lanceolar,  blunt  at  the  base  ;  inner  lobes  nearly 
as  long,  ovate,  acute  ;  labial  lobe  slightly  shorter, 
adnale  up  to  the  summit  of  the  gynostemium,  thence 
spatular-obovale,  apiculated,  at  the  base  of  the  free 
portion  lobulated  by  two  minute  almost  deltoid  teeth, 
towards  the  base  gradually  raised  into  two  slight 
longitudinal  elevations  ;  spur  hardly  half  as  long  as 
the  calyx-lobes,  turgid,  ovate-cylindric,  blunt ;  ros- 
tellum  not  elongated. 

In  New  Caledonia,  from  whence  it  was  transmitted 
by  Consul  E.  L.  Layard,  C.M.G.,  to  Fr.  Lange, 
Esq.,  of  Melbourne,  in  whose  splendid  garden  it  bore 
flowers  in  August,  1S85. 

Leaves  attaining  a  length  of  about  2  feet,  and 
towards  the  middle  a  width  of  2i  inches.  Racemes 
3 — 4  inches  long.  Flowers  not  perceptibly  odorous, 
almost  vitellinous  in  colour.  Calyx-lobes  about 
\  inch  long,  or  not  much  longer  ;  saccate  basal  pro- 
longation of  the  labellum  about  as  long  as  the  ovary 
at  the  time  of  flowering,  tilled  with  nectar  liquid  ; 
free  portion  of  the  labellum  somewhat  hastate. 

This  handsome  and  evidently  rare  plant  is  closely 
allied  to  Calanthe  curculigoides,  from  which  it  differs 
in  the  (lowers  being  more  bent  downwards,  in  the 
smaller  lateral  lobules  of  the  labellum,  in  the  shorter, 
much  thicker,  and  straight  spur,  and  also  in  the  not 
long-pointed  rostellum.  From  C.  speciosa  it  is  dis- 
tinct in  having  smaller  flowers,  the  inner  calyx-lobes 
o.-  petals  not  rhombiform,  and  the  labellum  not 
cristate  but  somewhat  turgid  from  callosities  towards 
the  base.  F>om  C.  ventrilabra  in  the  outer  calyx- 
lobes  not  being  acuminate,  and  in  the  labellum  not 
being  provided  with  five  radiating  elevations. 

This  is  the  third  Calanthe  made  known  from 
New  Caledonia,  where  the  widely  distributed  C. 
veratrifolia  occurs  as  well  as  the  endemic  C.  angrr»;ci- 
flora  (H.  G.  Reichenbach,  in  Garcke's  LinyitEa,  xli., 
75) ;  but  Limodorum  unguiculatum  (Labillardicre, 
Serliim,  19,  t.  25),  placed  by  Bentham  (B.  and  H. 
Gen.  iii.,  521),  also  generically  under  Calanthe, 
belongs  to  Spathoglottis,  as  shown  already  by  IL  G. 
Reichenbach,  in  Seemann's  flora  Viliensis,  300. 
Baron  von  Mueller,  in  "  IVing's  Southern  Science 
Record"  vol.  i.  (new  series),  1S85. 


BERRY-BEARING    PLANTS. 

During  the  dull  winter  season,  when  Sowers  are 
scarce,  berry-bearing  shrubs  are  of  great  service,  their 
brilliant  colours  coming  in  well  either  for  Christmas 
decoration  or  brightening  up  the  dull  corners  of  our 
gardens  and  shrubberies, 

Crat-^gus  pyracantha. 

Foremost  amongst  these  we  feel  inclined  to  place 
Crataegus  pyracantha,  which,  with  its  agreeable  dark 
glossy  foliage  and  dense  clusters  of  orange-scarlet 
berries,  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  effective  of  wall 
plants  during  the  winter  season.  Complaints  are, 
however,  by  no  means  few  as  to  the  berries  being 
produced  only  on  the  upper  branches  of  this  Thorn, 
but  this  is  simply  the  results  of  insufficient  know- 
ledge regarding  its  treatment.  To  induce  free 
blooming  and  an  even  distribution  of  berries  an 
annual  pruning  back  of  the  lower  branches  is  all  that 
is  required,  and  which  will  also  have  the  effect  of 
greatly  improving  the  general  appearance  of  the 
plant.  As  regards  soil  it  is  by  no  means  fastidious, 
although  the  deeper  and  richer  this  is,  so  in  proportion 
will  be  the  vigour  of  the  plant.  A  northern  aspect 
seems  to  suit  it  best. 

C.    COCCINEA, 

the    scarlet-fruited   Thorn,    is   another  highly   inter- 
esting and  desirable  shrub  for  winter  decoration,  the 


clusters  of  large  coral-red  fruits  being  both  attractive 
and  ornamental  in  no  small  degree.  For  growing 
singly  as  a  lawn  or  garden  plant  this  is  invaluable, 
the  bold  vigorous  growth,  large  shining  deep  green 
leaves  which  in  autumn  assume  a  yellowish-scarlet 
lint,  and  profusion  of  berries  being  all  recommenda- 
tions of  the  highest  order. 

EUONYMUS   EUROP.'EUS, 

the  Spindle  tree,  is  at  all  times  deservedly  popular 
in  ornamental  plantations  and  grounds,  but  more 
particularly  during  late  autumn  and  winter,  when 
the  pale  scarlet  fruit  is  open  and  revealing  the  orange 
coloured  aril  of  the  seeds,  thus  producing  a  strikingly 
beautiful  eftect.  Like  the  Privet,  this  native  plant  is 
almost  an  evergreen,  the  hardiest  of  the  genus,  and 
invaluable  for  planting  in  maritime  districts..  As  a 
standard  iT  always  looks  best,  and,  as  it  bears  pruning 
with  impunity,  it  can  always  be  kept  within  bound?, 
and  of  a  trim,  tidy  appearance.  There  are  several 
desirable  varieties,  the  most  interesting  of  which  is 
the  white-fruited  kind,  which,  however,  differs  in  no 
way  from  the  species  save  in  the  colour  of  the  capsules. 
Then  there  is  the  dwarf  form — nanus — an  acquisition 
for  rockwork,  and  a  variety  with  scarlet  leaves, 
which,  when  well  placed,  offers  a  rich  contrast  to  the 
normal  species, 

COTONEASTERS. 

Amongst  these  C.  frigida  is  just  now  one  of  the 
most  effective  of  all  our  berry-bearing  trees,  and  cer- 
tainly constitutes  an  important  element  in  the  garden 
landscape  at  this  season.  To  see  it  when  well 
covered,  as  it  usually  is,  with  its  coral  clusters  of 
fruit,  as  they  stand  out  against  a  dark  background,  is 
truly  a  pretty  sight,  and  makes  one  wonder  why  this 
handsome  and  distinct  shrub,  or  rather  small  tree,  is 
not  oftener  seefi  in  our  gardens.  It  is  perfectly 
hardy,  a  rapid  grower,  and  of  the  easiest  culture. 
Another  distinct  and  beautiful  species  is  C.  Slmonsii, 
the  bright  vermilion-coloured  berries  borne  all  along 
the  slender  shoots  giving  to  a  well-covered  bush  quite 
a  glow  of  red.  C.  microphylla  may  well  be  added  to 
the  list  ;  its  pretty  and  numerous  white  flowers,  lis 
dark,  shining  foliage,  and,  above  all,  its  never-failing 
crop  of  dull  red  berries,  rendering  it  a  general 
favourite  for  walls,  or  covering  bare  rocky  patches  of 
the  garden  borders.  It  bears  pruning  with  impunity  ; 
in  fact,  the  more  it  is  cut  the  denser  it  grows,  and  it 
is  by  no  means  uncommon  to  see  it  so  thickly  studded 
with  its  beautiful  berries  that  the  wall  against  which 
it  is  trained  is  a  glow  of  red. 

Holly. 

The  common  Holly  is  by  most  persons  considered 
king  of  the  berry-bearing  shrubs — a  title  it,  no  doubt, 
well  deserves,  for  when  laden  with  its  bright  scarlet 
berries — which,  by-the-bye,  are  well  set  off  by  the 
dark,  shining  green  foliage — it  has  indeed  few  equals 
amongst  our  hardy  evergreen  trees.  It  has,  however, 
one  fault — if  fault  it  can  be  called — that,  unlike  most 
berry-bearing  plants,  it  rarely  bears  fruit  for  two 
years  in  succession.  As  an  ornamental  evergreen  the 
Holly  is  of  particular  value,  possessing  as  it  does  the 
great  merit  of  growing  and  thriving  luxuriantly  under 
the  shade  and  drip  of  other  trees.  In  the  formation 
of  hedges  it  has  few  equals  ;  but  its  slow  growth  and 
seeming  difficulty  to  transplant,  has  doubtless  much  to 
do  with  the  unfrequency  of  its  use  in  this  way.  For 
planting  in  elevated  positions  it  is  also  invaluable,  the 
closeness  of  its  foliage  causing  it  to  furnish  a  large 
amount  of  shelter  in  proportion  to  the  space  it 
occupies, 

Hll'POPHAE   RHAMNOIDES, 

or  the  Sea  Buckthorn,  when  laden  with  its  bright 
orange-  coloured  berries,  is  certainlynotto  be  despised, 
and  there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  planted  in 
our  shrubberies,  for  there  are  few  plants  whose  berries 
are  so  attractive,  or  of  such  an  unusual  colour,  at  the 
present  season.  To  sec  this  plant  as  it  is  at  present 
in  some  gardens  along  the  sea  coast,  where  the 
numerous  long  twiggy  branches  are  covered  for 
about  a  foot  of  their  length  with  crowded  clusters  of 
the  brightest  orange  berries,  is  simply  grand,  and 
would  scarcely  be  credited  by  those  who  have  not  had 
the  good  fortune  to  see  it  in  its  most  luxuriant  form. 
Although  usually  considered  a  seaside  plant,  yet  it  is 
by  no  means  exclusivelyso,  for  in  many  inland  counties 
of  England  it  blooms  and  fruits  freely  enough.  Like 
the  Aucuba  this  shrub  is  dioecious,  so  that  to  have  a 
production  of  berries  male  and  female  plants  should 
be  placed  in  close  contiguity.     Good  strong  loam  suits 


it  well,  although  in  this  respect  it  is  by  no  means 
fastidious,  thriving  well  on  that  of  very  opposite 
characters. 

Arbutus  Unedo, 
the  Strawberry  tree,  is  now  not  only  gay  with  its 
greenish-white  flowers,  which  hang  amongst  its  dark 
evergreen  foliage  like  so  many  waxen  bells,  but  also 
abundance  of  Strawberry-like  and  highly-coloured 
fruits.  Two  years  are  required  for  the  fruit  to  ripen, 
therefore  the  production  of  flowers  and  fruit  goes  on  at 
the  same  lime.  When  favourably  placed  and  well  deve- 
loped the  Arbutus  is  massive  and  pleasing  in  outline, 
but  this  peifection  is  rarely  attained  unless  the  plant 
is  grown  on  light  poroui  subsoil,  or  where  shingly 
rock  crops  out  at  the  surface.  Here  both  shape  and 
beauty  are  brought  out,  the  shrubby  habit  is  left  ofl, 
and  the  proportions  of  a  fair-sized  evergreen  tree 
taken  instead,  while  its  floriferous  and  berry-bearing 
nature  is  likewise  enhanced  in  due  proportion. 
Cold,  damp  soils  are  unsuitable  for  its  growth, 
which  may  also  be  said  of  high-lying  exposed  situa- 
tions. A,  D.  PVcbsUr. 

{To  bs  contintied.) 


CACTUSES. 

Hardy  Cactuses.— Apart  from  Opuntia  mis- 
souriensis,  O,  Ratinesquii,  and  O.  vulgaris  and  their 
varieties,  we  have  very  few  hardy  Cactuses.  I  have 
succeeded  in  wintering  safely  O,  pescorvi  and  some 
others,  but  with  uncertainty.  I  have  found  Echino- 
cactus  Simpsoni  very  uncertain  ;  it  would  live  through 
one  winter  all  right,  and  rot  off  during  the  next  one. 
Echinocereus  phosniceus  and  a  form  of  Mamillaria 
vivipara  I  have  known  to  survive  several  winters,  but 
not  in  my  garden  ;  and  Mr.  Menand  showed  me  in  a 
neighbour's  garden  at  Albany  a  bunch  of  what  he 
called  Echinocereus  Krausei,  which  had  been  growing 
there  out-of-doors  fur  several  years.  As  a  garden 
plant  I  have  found  Opuntia  missouriensis  the  hardiest 
and  most  accommodating  of  all  Cactuses,  and  I  never 
knew  it  to  iniss  flowering;  with  me  it  always  blos- 
somed copiously.  In  the  case  of  hardy  Cactuses  I 
have  found  they  must  be  grown  where  water  does 
not  lodge  in  winter,  as  for  instance  on  raised  ground, 
and  if  they  can  be  covered  over  by  some  leaves,  thatch, 
or,  better  still,  snow,  in  the  winter,  they  come  through 
with  less  injury  in  spring.  My  old  neighbour,  Mr. 
John  C.  Hovey,  an  ardent  admirer  and  grower  of 
Cactuses,  gave  me  the  following  list  of  Opuntias 
which  he  found  to  be  hardy  in  his  garden,  ordinary 
level  clayey  soil  : — Opuntia  vulgaris,  O.  Rafine^quii, 
O.  R,  granditlora,  O.  cymochila,  O.  stenochila,  O. 
hystricina,  O.  missouriensis,  O.  m.  macrosperma,  O. 
m.  albispina,  O.  fragilis,  O.  fusifotmis,  and  O.  pes- 
corvi. Among  those  mentioned  by  Mr.  Siler  I  have 
tried  Cereus  Englemanni,  Echinocactus  cylindraccus, 
Opuntia  rutila,  and  Mamillaria  chlorantha,  also 
Agave  utahensis  as  hardy  plants,  but  all  died.  I 
would  say  here  that  I  have  grown  some  fifty  distinct 
species  and  varieties  of  Agave,  and  have  found  A. 
utahensis  the  most  difficult  of  all  to  grow.  Dr 
Edward  Palmer,  the  eminent  botanical  collector, 
sent  me  plants  from  their  native  places,  and  I  have 
raised  it  from  seeds  and  coaxed  it  in  many  ways,  but 
without  avail  ;  the  plants  appeared  unhappy.  And 
this  is  the  only  species  of  Agave  I  have  failed  with. 

Tender  Cactuses, 

I  regard  all  Cactuses  not  absolutely  hardy  as  being 
tender,  and  treat  them  accordingly.  While  a  few 
degrees  of  frost  may  not  hurt  some  of  them,  stil!  it  does 
not  do  them  any  good.  Epiphyllums,  Phyllocactuses, 
Rhipsalises,  Melocactus,  and  the  more  tropical 
Cereuses,  as  C.  grandiflorus,  C.  Jamacaru,  C.  nycti- 
calis,  and  C.  ccerulescens  like  warmish  winter 
quarters.  The  general  run  of  "  Cushion  "  Cactuses, 
Opuntias,  and  the  like,  if  kept  in  dry  airy  places  and 
inactive,  may  be  wintered  safely  in  a  moderately  low 
temperature,  but  under  40°  is  unsafe.  All  Cactuses 
delight  in  being  set  out-of-doors  in  summer. 
Cereuses,  Echinopsis,  and  Opuntias  enjoy  being  set 
out  in  open  ^unny  places  ;  but  MamilJarias,  while 
they  like  ..cing  planted  out,  very  much  dislike  moist 
foggy  weather,  heavy  rains,  warm  weather  imme- 
diately succeeding  wet  weather,  and  cold  or  heavy 
night  dews;  all  pf  these  cause  "rust,"  and  '*  rust  " 
is  incuiable.  I  have  always  grown  Mamillarias  and 
all  other  delicate,  weakly,  new,  rare  and  valuable 
Cactuses  in  cold  frames  in  summer,  and  covered  them 
over  with  sg.shes  as  a  preventative  against  the.aboy.? 


68o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


[November  28,  1885, 


evil   conditions.      In    propitious   weather  they    were 
fully  exposed. 

I  prefer  planting  out  even  in  frames  in  summer  to 
keeping  them  in  pots,  because  I  thereby  have  a  good 
opportunity  to  see  that  my  plants  are  thoroughly 
cleaned  twice  a  year— at  planting  out  and  lifting 
time— and  the  plants  grow  much  better  and  bigger, 
and  bloom  mote  copiously,  when  planted  out  than 
when  kept  along  in  pots.  If  [growers]  had 
much  to  do  with  Opuntia  exuviata,  I  should  not 
wonder  if  [they  said]  something  naughty  ;  but,  that 
species  excepted,  what  in  earth  is  there  in  other  Cac- 
tases  to  incite  an  evil  word  ?  There  is  a  knack  in 
handling  Cactuses.  For  a  good  many  years  I 
handled  the  fullest  collection  of  cactaceous  plants  in 
the  country,  and  twice  a  year  every  plant  passed 
through  my  own  hands.  I  myself  planted  them  out 
in  May,  and  lifted  or  repotted  them  in  September, 
and  all  because  I  was  afraid  if  I  trusted  any  of  the 
workmen  with  the  job  they  would  be  more  careful  of 
themselves  than  of  the  Cactuses.  And  I  can  assure 
you  no  orchidist  ever  watched  the  progress  of  Vanda 
Sanderiana  or  Phalxnopsis  Stuartii  with  more  anxious 
pride  than  I  did  my  Cereus  Thurbeti,  C.  Palmeri, 
C.  Greggi,  Echinocactus  myriostigma,  E.  phyllacan- 
thus,  and  other  pets.  And  how  disgusted  I  [was] 
when  to  some  visitor  I  would  point  approvingly 
t)  Cereus  giganteus,  20  inches  high  and  ten  years 
old,  to  be  informed,  "Oh,  that's  nothing  ;  you  should 
h.ive  seen  it  at  the  Centennial."  And  so  I  did,  and 
elsewhere,  too  ;  but  such  another  life-long  garden- 
grown  plant  as  that  is  I  never  came  across  east  of  the 
Mississippi. 

I  have  found  that  each  and  every  kind  of  Cactus 
that  I  have  grown  will  do  well  in  a  gritty  turfy  loam. 
Drain  the  pots  well  and  pack  the  soil  firmly.  Lime 
rubbish,  pounded  bricks  or  rotten  stone  added  to  the 
soil  has  no  visible  beneficial  effect  whatever  ;  the 
drainage  will  not  clog  nor  the  soil  get  sour  if  you 
don't  over-water  your  plants.  W.  FaUoner,  Glen 
Cove,  Loni;  Island,  New  York,  in  the  "  Gardeners' 
Monthly  and  Horticulturist." 


in  irregular  radial  lines  supposed  to  call  to  remem- 
brance Hebrew  characters.  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence 
has  a  very  fine  form,  which  is  amply  distinct  from  O. 
Andersonianum  {Card.  Chron.,  1881,  vvi.,  173). 

O.  II.  LINEOLIGEUM.— In  this  Variety,  which 
flowered  with  Mr.  James  Cypher,  of  Queen's  Road 
Nursery,  Cheltenham,  the  irregular  markings  on  the 
petals  of  the  type  are  in  this  departed  from,  the  marks 
being  in  lines. 


good  large  Ruckerianum  marked  with  the  bright 
crimson  tints  of  the  O.  crispum  guttatum.  Spikes 
upright,  much  branched,  flowers  large,  white,  tinged 
with  rose,  and  heavily  marked  with  crimson.  O. 
PoUettianum  is  one  of  the  finest  varieties  of  its  class, 
and  H.  M.  Pollett,  of  Fernside,  Bickley,  was  awarded  a 
First-class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  February  12,  1S84.  James  ff Btien. 

(To  he  cmliniied.) 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

(Continued /rom  /.  589.) 

The  Andersonianum  section  and  others  allied,  con- 
jecture hath  it,  are  the  result  of  crosses  between  the 
many  varieties  of  O.  crispum  and  the  very  variable 
forms  of  O.  odoratum,  which  run  from  the  small- 
flowered  kind  originally  figured  in  various  grades  up 
to  that  called  gloriosum  (fig.  149).  Gardeners  gene- 
trlly,  who  are,  perhaps,  the  best  judges  of  Orchid 
physiognomy,  think  the  case  pretty  clearly  made  out, 
the  features  of  each  being  merged  in  the  progeny, 
as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  our  illustrations,  and 
a  comparison  of  them  with  those  of  O.  crispum 
vars.,  illustrated  in  our  issue  for  November  7.  The 
following  are  the  best  known  varieties  ;  most  of  them 
have  branching  flower-spikes  and  numerous  flowers  : — 

O.  Andersonianum  (fig.  150)  was  first  described 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  June  6,  1S68,  from  the 
plant  which  flowered  in  the  Meadowbank  collection. 
Its  flowers,  which  are  harder  in  texture  than  those  of 
O.  crispum,  are  pale  yellow  or  cream  colour,  blotched 
with  various  shades  of  brown. 

O.  A.  FLAVEOLUM.— A  very  fine  form  with  large 
branching  spike  of  bright  yellow  flowers  marked  with 
red.  Mr.  Ballantine  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  December  9, 
1884,  when  he  exhibited  it  for  Baron  Schroeder. 

O.  A.  OBTUSATUM  has  flowers  rather  smaller  than 
the  type,  and  with  a  shorter  labellum,  but  similar  in 
other  respects. 

O.  A.  LOBATUM  (fig.  151)  is  a  very  elegant  form, 
with  nearly  white  flowers,  marked  with  brownish- 
crimson.  Its  labellum  is  curiously  elongated,  and 
recurves  when  mature,  as  seen  in  the  illustration. 

O.  A.  PICTUM  is  a  very  handsome  variety,  certifi- 
cated at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  this  year. 
The  flowers  are  yellow,  prettily  marked  with  bright 
blood- red.  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  has  it  in  his  collec- 
tion, 

O.  HEBRAICUM. — This  is  very  close  to  O.  Ander- 
sonianum, it  having  little  but  the  disposition  of  the 
marking  to  distinguish  it.  O.  hebraicum  has  flowers 
with  pale  yellow  ground  colour  marked  with  reddish- 
brown,  the  peculiarity  being  that  the  marking  is  not 
continued  the  whole  length  of  the  two  petals,  but  con> 
f;(!?4  to  tb;  lower  half  next  the  column,  and  arraoged 


O.  BAPHICANTHUM  in  form  resembles  O.  Ander- 
sonianum, indeed  it  may  be  said  to  be  an  unspotted 
pale  yellow  form  of  that  variety. 

O.  DELTAGLOssuM.— This  also  is  very  close  on  the 
preceding,  and  both  of  them  give  a  very  tangible 
link  between  Andersonianum  and  crispum  by  the 
nearness  to  which  they  approach  it  through  the 
varieties  of  O.  C.  aureum  and  O.  C.  flaveolum. 


7a. 


Fig.    150.— ODONTOGLOSSUM   ANDERSONIANUM. 

O.  JENNINGSIANUM  comes  near  to  O.  Andersoni- 
anum and  bears  also  traces  of  some  of  the  narrower 
petalled  forms  of  O.  c.  guttatum.  Its  flowers  are 
white  or  cream  colour  blotched  with  dull  crimson. 

O.  J.  PARCiGUTTATUM  is  a  form  of  the  preced- 
ing with  very  few  reddish-brown  blotches  on  the 
petals. 

O.  J.  LIMBATUM.— This  is  a  very  pretty  variety, 
approaching  O.  Ruckerianum.  Flowers  white, 
spotted  with  crimson,  petals  edged  with  yellow. 

O.  POLLKTTIANUM  (fig.  152,  p.  6S1).— This  n>ay 
fairly  be  put  at  the  top  of  the  Ruckerianum  varieties  as 
being  by  far  the  best,    Its  flowers  resemble  tljose  of  a 


NOTES  FROM  A  BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE GARDEN. 
Sunday,  September  i:i.—Aa{\imn  or  spring!  "I 
know  not  which  is  sweetest,  no  not  1"— the  deep 
mellow  calm  of  an  evening  such  as  this,  in  the  middle 
o(  September,  or  the  green  brilliance  of  the  spring. 
The  colour  is  rich,  like  an  old  Venetian  master  ;  and 
how  sad  1  with  the  strange  sweet  sadness  of  all  last 
things— last  days,  last  hours.  The  air  is  filled  with  a 
golden  warmth,  and  all  tremulous  with  the  sound  of 
bells.  The  chimes  of  four  churches  make  music 
together,  within  a  half  circle  of  four  miles.  Save  for 
the  dazzling  glow  of  tall  crimson  Phloxes,  or  where 
the  leaf  of  some  Virginian  vine,  impatient  of  the 
lingering  summer  breaks  into  sudden  scarlet,  or  where 
great  Sunflowers  burn  in  fair  majesty  serene,  the 
tones  of  colouring  are  subdued  and  solemn  ;  the 
young  moon  alone  shines  coldly  through  thin  saffron 
clouds  that  pass  across  the  far  azure  of  the  southern 
sky,  while  in  the  west  a  pink  flush,  deepening  into 
orange  fires,  reflects  back  rosy-gold  upon  the  lulled 
earth  beneath.  Across  the  Petunias  and  many- 
coloured  Zinnias  bend  fruitful  branches  of  Apple  and 
of  Pear.  There  is  a  sense  of  settled  calm  and  peace, 
of  home,  and  of  all  that  may  be  most  pleasureful  and 
most  secure,  in  these  plenteous  boughs  weighed  down 
by  the  load  of  their  good  great  Apples  and  gently 
swelling  Pears,  and  the  mellow  round  of  each  ripen- 
ing fruit  glows  as  if  illumined  from  within.  And  now 
a  great  silence  steals  on  upon  the  air.  The  bells 
have  ceased,  their  last  vibrations  lost  along  the  far- 
spread  fields.  The  sharp  "  tzit,  tzit,"  of  a  robin,  or 
a  beetle's  drone  in  passing  flight,  seem  but  to  inten- 
sify the  stillness.  In  this  beautiful  hour,  as  twilight 
deepens  down  upon  the  flowers,  they  seem  to  open 
their  hearts  to  you  and  speak.  The  half-cold,  with- 
drawn look  of  common  day  has  vanished  from  each 
lovely  face,  and  as  you  pass  by,  voiceless,  they  tell 
you  sweet  nothings  without  words. 

It  is  more  strange  than  perhaps  at  first  sight 
appears,  the  illumination  of  flowers  and  bright 
coloured  objects  after  sundown,  while  the  green  of 
surrounding  grass  and  foliage  is  lit  only  with  a  sombre 
radiance.  I  may  be  pardoned  for  giving  a  suggested 
theory  in  explanation  thus.  The  colour  of  all  objects 
depends  upon  the  kind  of  illumination  they  receive. 
A  completely  yellow  light  thrown  upon  a  nosegay 
will  kill  all  colour  excepting  in  the  yellow  flowers. 
Newton  discovered  that  sunshine  and  all  white  lights 
have  the  power  of  pouring  every  conceivable  shade 
of  colour  upon  all  objects,  and  these  again  have  the 
power  of  extinguishing  all  shades  except  the  few 
which  suit  their  own  substances  and  textures.  "  A 
blue  Salvia  extinguishes  all  the  red,  yellow,  green, 
and  possibly  the  violet  rays,  while  a  red  Poppy  absorbs 
all  the  violet,  blue  green,  and  possibly  yellow.  We 
therefore  see  the  latter  brilliantly  red,  and  the  former 
purely  blue."  When  mellowed  fruits  and  yellow  and 
red  flowers  shine  at  evening  it  is  because  the  sunset 
light  comes  to  them  through  more  and  more  of  the 
air  that  envelopes  the  earth,  and  which,  though 
invisible,  quenches  almost  entirely  the  violet,  blue,  and 
green.  All  objects  disposed  towards  yellow  and  red 
are  then  illuminated  as  with  a  pure  light  of  these  two 
colours,  and  they  gleam  out  triumphantly,  because 
all  other  green,  blue,  and  violet  objects  are  more  or 
less  deprived  of  their  favourite  rays.  Nothing  of  this, 
however,  quite  explains  why  white  and  yellow  flowers 
often  appear  so  bright  at  night,  or  why  some  other 
flowers— and  notably  some  kinds  of  crimson  Snap- 
dragon (Antirrhinum)— do  often  shine,  so  as  to 
attract  the  eye  from  a  distance  on  some  very  dull  grey 
days.  These  (as,  indeed,  all  flowers  in  some  degree) 
doubtless  have  a  self  luminous  power,  which  we  call 
phosphorescence,  whatever  that  may  be. 

We  have  already  had  large  store  of  delicious,  well- 
sunned  wall  fruit— Peaches,  Figs,  and  Plums.  I  can 
believe  that,  had  we  means  to  build  and  keep  up  long 
ranges  of  houses— Peach-houses,  and  Nectarine  and 
Fig-houses— they  would  be  built,  and  we  should  draw 


November  28,   1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


68  r 


from  theit  rich  produce  the  same  enjoyment  that 
others  do  who  possess  glass.  But  I  do  not  believe 
that  these  houses  would  ever  give  me  the  same  delight 
as  does  the  little  basketful  of  fruit  and  flowers  that  is 
brought  in  to  me  every  morning  on  these  late  summer 
days.  I  do  not  believe  that  the  finest  fruit  ripened 
under  glass  could  compare  at  all  with  the  beautiful 
red  sun-ripened  Peaches  picked  from  the  old  brick 
walls  1  My  basketful  holds  sometimes  one  such  per- 
fect Peach,  two  or  three  purple  Figs,  yellow  Plums 


and  China  Roses  too,  all  fresh  and  dewy.  The 
quantity  of  immense  bunches  that  are  gathered  out  of 
our  one  small  house,  lasting  up  to  nearly  Christmas, 
never  lails  to  be  a  surprise  to  me,  although  it  is  always 
the  same  every  year. 

Ocloher  19.— My  best  yellow  autumn  window  cur- 
tains  are  up  !  No  other  curtains  could  ever  please  me 
so  much  as  these.  But  to  make  it  understood  how 
perfect  in  their  way  they  are,  the  windows  also  must  be 
described.     They  are  almost  the  only  windows  in  the 


•«. 


Fig    151.— odontoglossum  andersonianum  var.  lohatum.     (see  p.  680) 


Fig.     152. — ODONTOGLOSSUM    POLLETTIANUM.      (SEE   P.    6So.] 


bursting  with  sugared  juice,  a  golden  Pear,  a  few 
Muscat  or  Madresfield  Court  Grapes,  lovely  in  their 
exquisite  bloom  of  misty  gold  or  green,  while  single 
flowers  of  richly-scented  Tuberose  and  dainty  pink 
Begonias  lie  intermixed  with  the  green  Vine  leaves 
and  the  fruits.  Our  sole  pride  of  glass  fruit  culture 
is  in  the  vinery.  Season  after  season  our  Grapes 
excel  in  size  and  in  flavour.  The  Muscats  remind 
me  of  the  Grapes  of  Italy.  Travelling  along  the 
Corniche  in  days  before  railroads.  Grapes,  large  and 
golden-green  as  these  are  the  peasant  people  would 
bring  to  us  and  pour  into  our  laps,  with  green  Figs 


house  that  are  not  old-fashioned  casements.  At  that 
period,  in  the  beginning  of  the  century,  when  in  most 
old  houses  the  picturesque  and  small-paned  casements 
were  made  into  sash-windows,  the  windows  of  what 
is  now  my  room  were  enlarged  and  modernised.  Here 
then,  are  two  very  large  sash  windows,  almost  due 
south,  with  the  large  frames  and  dull  bald  character 
usual  to  such  windows.  Ugly  as  they  are,  they 
were  never  altered,  for  the  sake  of  the  fine  wide 
opening  when  the  sash  is  thrown  up.  Covering 
the  entire  space  of  the  upper  half,  and  enfram- 
ing   the    whole,    hang    my    curtains  :     green     fof 


summer,  and  in  autumn  golden  yellow.  The  pair  is 
odd,  for  there  must  be  nothing  commonplace  about 
the  room  ;  so  the  one  is  Magnolia,  the  other  chiefly 
Vine.  On  the  right  is  a  bold  intricate  pattern  of 
glossy  leaves  with  here  and  there  a  great  white  creamy 
blossom— a  chalice  of  so  rich  a  scent— set  here  orthere 
upon  the  branches,  with  blue  sky  between.  The  left 
is  all  Vine,  made  admirably  to  suit  the  seasons.  In 
winter  the  curtain  is  drawn  back,  as  it  were  ;  for  a 
few  interlacing  barren  lines  keep  out  no  light.  The 
thin  delicate  arabesque  of  spring  gives  place  to 
summer,  when  the  green  comes  full  and  cool  and 
shades  the  noonday  sunlight.  And  now  in  autumn, 
my  left-hand  curtain  is  all  yellow  gold,  reflecting 
back  gold  sunshine  of  its  own.  There  should  be 
dispersed  amid  the  gold,  bunches  of  ripe  green 
Grapes,  like  clustered  berylls.  That  part  of  the 
needlework  has  not  been  well  done  this  year,  and 
the  Grapes  are  mostly  shrunk  and  mildewed.  To 
repair  the  loss  of  them,  slender  Jasmine  twigs  set 
round  with  dark  green  leaves,  hold  out  little  silver 
stars,  peering  round  the  corners,  stretching  round  the 
window-sills,  while  across  them  comes  a  dash  of 
red  Virginian  climber.  The  one  fault  I  find,  is  thai 
my  curtains  do  not  endure.  Come  a  sharp  frost,  or 
strong  gust  of  wind,  they  are  gone  in  a  moment.  The 
failure  of  the  Grapes  is  this  year  a  serious  disappoint- 
ment to  the  birds,  who  count  upon  their  vintage  at 
the  windows^  yet  the  shutters  opening  in  the  morning 
discover  them  some  times  at  work.  There  is  a 
blackbird,  with  full  black  chest,  swallowing  the  Grapes 
as  fast  as  his  golden  bill  can  manage  it ;  or  a  thrush 
sits  in  the  Vine  taking  breath  between  his  mouthluls, 
while  the  sun  shines  sidelong  on  his  spotted  breast  ; 
or  a  robin  shows  his  red  waistcoat  lor  a  moment. 
He  is  not,  I  fear,  my  robin  that  has  till  now  been  so 
constant  to  the  window  for  twelve  months  past— he 
has  hardly  missed  a  day.  Bold  and  familiar  in  the 
winter,  silent  and  hurried  at  nesting  time.  Not  a 
feather  in  his  tail,  and  very  shy  when  moulting.  Gay 
and  insoiiiiant  in  his  new  suit,  looking  as  big  again, 
and  trilling  half  a  bar  at  a  time  short  and  full,  but 
"always  regular  to  his  meals "  at  the  saucer  of 
sopped  biscuit.  Dear  little,  tame  robin  I  I  shall 
grieve  if  he  is  dead  ;  but  I  think  he  will  come  back 
in  the  winter,  when  birds  are  hungry.  They  say  that 
robins  go  to  the  seaside  in  October  ;  and  another 
saying  would  have  the  young  birds  kill  the  old  ones 
at  this  season.  Even  this  is  belter  than  the  way  my 
friends  the  swallows  behave.  Up  to  the  time  when 
they  all  left  England— about  the  ij'h— they  seem  to 
have  been  still  occupied  with  late  broods  of  young. 
It  was  indeed  without  my  consent  that  they  thus 
foolishly  employed  themselves  here  in  the  north  porch. 
If  they  could  but  have  understood,  I  should  have  per- 
suaded them  to  stay  a  little  longer,  to  give  their 
young  a  chance.  On  the  l6ih  only  one  swallow  was 
seen,  and  three  days  after  a  tragedy  happened  in  the 
porch  !  Late  in  the  afternoon  a  poor  little  full- 
fledged  swallow  lay  dead  on  the  cold  ground.  The  for- 
forsaken  nestling  may  have  fallen  in  its  hungry  eflforts 
for  food,  or  have  attempted  in  its  weakness  to  follow 
the  strong-winged  parents,  whose  cruel  desertion  it  is 
hard  to  forgive.  Strange  and  inexplicable  is  the 
migratory  instinct  with  birds.  It  is  then  more 
powerful  with  them  than  even  mother's  love  I  and  yet 
love  is  said  to  be  stronger  than  death.  The  habits  of 
the  swallows  who  make  themselves  at  home  in  our 
entrances,  north  and  south,  are  full  of  interest. 
The  red-throated  chimney  swallows  like  best  the 
north.  On  the  south  side  are  martins  Both  kinds 
agree  in  departing  from  ancestral  laws  in  their  way 
of  house  building.  The  typical  swallow's  nest 
used  formerly  to  be  neatly  built  up — usually  under  the 
eaves— with  a  hole  for  them  to  fiy  in  and  out.  Out 
swallows  of  to-day  make  flat  hasty  nests  on  projecting 
ledges  inside  the  porch.  One  nest  (re-filled  three 
times  last  summer)  is  made  up  of  ugly  black  clay, 
bearded  with  long  straws  of  hay  hanging  down.  Is 
it  not  a  new  thing  for  swallows  to  build  with  hay  ? 
We  have  only  one  really  well-rounded,  neatly-finished 
nest,  and  this  is  a  martin's.  The  chimney  swallows 
seem  to  be  the  most  hurried  and  careless.  One  of 
our  families  makes  no  nest  at  all,  there  is  simply  a 
layer  o(  mud  laid  on  the  ledge.  Along  the  rim  the 
five  newly  feathered  young  ones  sit  in  a  row  to  be 
fed,  like  five  old  owls  in  miniature.  There  is  one  thing 
that  a  swallow  never  forgets  or  forgives,  and  that  is 
destroying  the  old  nests.  The  place  remains  empty 
to  this  day  where  once  we  cleared  away  two  over- 
crowded nests.  They  love  overcrowding.  I  watched 
the  old  birds,   on  their  return  the   following  May, 


682 


rHE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  18 


inspect  the  place,  flying  in  and  out  and  round  about 
it ;  but  either  they  forsooli  altogether,  or  nested  else- 
where about  the  house. 

Flowers    still   ate    blooming    everywhere    in    the 
garden.     There  are  still  beautiful  red  Roses,  smelling 
as  sweet  as  June.     Rosa  rugosa  has  only  just  ceased 
to  flower.     A  great  clump  of  pale  blush  Anemone 
japonica  at  the  south   end    of  the   broad    walk  has 
flowered  grandly  for   some  time   past.     A  clump  of 
white  ones  from  the  kitchen  garden  is  to  be  planted 
there  also,  since  it  is  plain  that  they  look  best  in  large 
masses.     Had  we  room   I  should   like  to   plant  blue 
Salvia  next  to  the  white  Anemones.    The  fine  blue  of 
this  old    Salvia  enriches    now  the  whole  garden  in 
almost  every  part.     The   colour  is  said  by  some  to 
be  in  a  false  key,  and  as  such  to  be  out  of  tune  with 
the  more  natural  greens  and  blues  around,  contrasting 
ill  with  the  lovely  tones  of  Nemophila  or  of  the  blue 
Daisy— or  even  with  the  firmament  itself.     I  know 
not  how  this  may  be,  but  to  me  it  is  nevertheless  a 
magnificent  blue— nearest,   perhaps,   in    tone  to  the 
deep  blue  of  the  alpine  Gentian,  and   losing  beside 
the  Gentian  only  because  it  lacks  its  depth  of  black 
heart.     Pure  ultramiiine  must  be  used  in  the  paint- 
ing of  either  flower.     Our  old  walls  are  all  well  fur- 
nished with  the  vivid  orange-scarlet  glow  of  Tropxo- 
lum.     It  gives  promise,  loo,  of  lasting  on  as  long  as 
winter  frosts  delay.     I  cannot  give  the  name  of  this 
special  variety  of  Tropseolum  ;  its  leaf  is  bluish  and 
round,  and  the  plant  seem?  to  be  always  in  flower, 
from    August    until    far    into    November.      In    the 
entrance     court     the     old      useless     Green     Gages 
and   Golden   Drop  Plum  trees  against  the  walls  ate 
dressed  out  in  these  gay  flowers,  climbing,  streaming, 
creeping,  cluslering  about  all  over  them — branch  and 
stem.     The  vivid  colouring  is  splendid  j  it  seems  but 
a  few  day?  since  it  mixed   in  many  places  with  the 
purple  of  Jackman's  Clematis.     At  this  moment  the 
blossoms  inleimingle  here  and  there  with  tall  yellow 
Helianlhu?.     The  aged  fiuit  trees  ate  doomed,  and 
flowering   climbers  are   to   cover   the  walls  in  their 
place.    The  standard  Cherry  tree  between  the  pyramid 
Vews  is  to  be  cut  down,  and  a  broader  flower  border 
to  be  made.     It  is  hard  to  sentence  the  Cherry  tree. 
In  spring  it  is  so  like  a  great  round  nosegay  of  loveliest 
blossom,  and  when  the   Cherries  begin  to  redden  a 
thrush  so  loves  to  build  its  nest  in  it,  and  at  evening 
to  perch  on  the  top  and  sing  the  lingeiing  day  away. 
Vet  the  Cherry  tree  must  go.     These  kind  of  changes 
which  at  intervals  have  to  be  made  throuchout  the 
garden   cause    me   a   thousand    regrets.      When   the 
young  trees  and  shrubs  thrive  and  grow  all  round  as 
Nature  intended,  the  very  success  and  growth  of  them 
overturns  all  our  plans,  and  changes  are  inevitable. 
"  The  Fantaisie  "  has  changed  its  character,  and   is 
not  the  same  in  any  way  as  it  was  when  first  laid  out. 
Then  flowers   and    evergreen   shrubs   grew   together 
on  either  side  the  turf  walk,  and  each  enhanced  the 
other's   charm.     Twelve  or    thirteen    years  later  the 
Ctyptomerias  and  Aucubas  and   Berbetis  have  grown 
so  large  that  nearly  all  the  flowers  are  crowded  out, 
and  a  new  aspect  takes  possession  of  the  whole.    The 
law  of  change  which  thus  rules  the  garden  has  lately 
forced  us  to  remove  a  laige   English  Yew  from  the 
spot  which  it  has  occupied  for  many  years.     It  was 
pushing  its  dark  growth  right  into  the  beautiful  grey 
foliage  of  an   Abies   amabilis.      So   last    month   the 
grand    move   had   to  be   arranged.      To   watch   the 
transplanting  of  a  tree  is  one  of  my  best  amusements 
of  autumn  in  the  garden.     The  work  begins  early  in 
the    morning.      Two,    three,    four   hours    or    more, 
according  to  the  size  of  the  tree,  is  taken  up  with 
digging  round  and    throwing   out    the   earth.      The 
loots   and   rootlets   have  to  be   carelully   separated  : 
not  cut  or  severed  more  than  is  necessary.     The  tree 
is  tied  close  with  strong  cords  :  all  its  lower  branches 
bound  up  together.     The  head  gardener  watches  and 
gives  his  orders  quietly,  jumps  down  into  the  trench, 
and    lends    a   hand    himself    with   spade    or    pick  ; 
walking  round,  returning  again  and  again.     Silently, 
cheerfully,  the  men  work.     A  wholesome  fragrance 
of    new    earth    spreads   upwards  in    the   air.      The 
labour   is   severe,    but  at   last    the    tree  stands   free, 
with  a  great  ball  of  earth  round  his  roots.     The  bell 
goes  for  the  men's  dinner  ;  powdered  all  over  wiih 
brown   mould    they    scramble   up  and    shake    them- 
selves, throw  an  old   mat  over  the  roots,  and  depart 
for  their  hour  of  rest.     The  men  return  refreshed, 
and  set  to  work  again  with  a  will  ;  and  now  three 
tall    stout    poles,     the    ends    meeting    at    top    in   a 
triangle,  are  set  up  and  fixed,  with  ropes  and  pulleys 
fastened  to  them.     It  may  take  long  to  adjust    all 
light,  but  at  last  the  tree  swings  high    in   the  air, 
dangling   from    the   summit   of   the   triangle.       The 
excitement  of  the  moment  grows  intense.     Two  or 
three  men   in  the  pit  below   steady   and   guide   the 
ascending  mass  ;    four  or   five  pull   the   ropes   with 
might  and  main.     The  tree   swings  fair   above    the 
centre  of  a  trolley,  wheeled  up  to  the  edge  ready  to 
receive  it.     The  gardener  holds  on  to  the  strong  shaft 
or  handle  of  the  trolley,  his  eye  fixed  anxiously  on 


the  swaying  tree,  encouraging  the  men,  directing 
every  movement.  The  ropes  are  tight ;  the  tree  is 
well  up.  "Now  let  go!  Slacken  the  ropes!  — 
gently— so  !  "  Gently  the  tree  is  lowered  down  upon 
the  platform  of  the  trolley,  and  the  ball  of  earth  once 
more  is  wrapt  in  mats.  Now  begins  the  dragging, 
and  pushing,  and  pulling  ;  there's  a  shove  and  a  lug 
all  together,  and  the  tree  is  fairly  oft  on  its  journey. 
Toiling  along  the  giavel-walks,  the  triumphal  car 
rolls  slowly  en.  The  progress  may  be  short  or  long  ; 
somewhere  it  ends,  at  the  edge  of  a  big  hole  prepared 
in  the  special  spot  designated  to  receive  the  tree. 
Soon  he  slides  safely  down  into  the  bed  ready  made 
in  the  hole.  There  is  a  merry  shovelling  in  and 
stamping  of  the  earth,  leaving  a  little  ditch  all  round 
to  hold  the  great  watering  which  is  the  ending  of  the 
woik  ;  and  there  the  tree  is  left,  looking  as  it  he  had 
been  there  all  his  life.  Unmoved  the  neighbouring 
trees  and  shrubs  stand  round,  and  not  a  green  leaf 
flutters  welome  to  the  new-comer  ;  it  is  henceforth  as 
if  the  transplanted  tree  had  never  been  anywhere 
else.  Should  the  tree  we  have  to  move  be  larger 
than  usual,  it  may  take  to  do  it  twenty-six  working 
hours  or  more. 

Men  of  old  time  planted  trees  for  posterity.  With 
fat-seeing  wisdom  they  planned  many  a  stately  avenue, 
which  still  lemain  the  ornament  and  ptide  of  our 
fine  old  country  houses.  We  do  not  in  these  days 
seem  always  to  look  so  fat  beyond  the  present.  V.'hen 
a  few  years  ago  I  planted  a  row  of  young  Limes  (in 
old  books  they  ate  "  lines  ")  as  a  continuation  of  the 
Lime  avenue,  with  Arbor-vitK  between  each  tree, 
and  parallel  to  these  a  double  row  of  Larch,  and  a 
Beech  hedge  along  the  walk  between  the  Limes  and 
the  Larch,  I  did  not  forsee  the  dilemma  that  has 
ensued.  A  decision  must  before  long  be  made 
between  the  selfish  enjoyment  of  the  present,  exlend- 
ing  perhaps  to  a  few  uncertain  years,  or  the  future 
and  lasting  improvement  of  the  place,  which  I  shall 
not  see.  While  we  hesitate  the  trees  grow  on.  The 
stems  of  the  Limes  gtow  thick  and  smooth,  and  their 
branches  sptead  ;  the  beautiful  gieen  Arbot-viix 
flourish,  and  ate  rapidly  making  handsome  trees  ;  my 
favourite  Latch  send  up  strong  tall  shoots  every 
season,  threatening  to  overwhelm  everything  ;  while 
the  Beech  hedge  is  so  luxuriant  that  I  am  tempted  to 
sacrifice  all  to  it.     Which  is  it  to  be  ?  E.  V.  B, 


slow  growing,  with  more  graceful  foliage  than  K. 
flabellifotmis,  and  increasing  in  the  same  way  by 
rhizomes ;  and  R.  f.  vaiiegata,  a  handsome  Palm 
with  pale  yellow-stripped  foliage— an  acquisition  if  it 
should  prove  constant. 

Amongst  Eromeliads  were  Massangeana  tigtina,  an 
enduring  haid-foliaged  plant  which  ought  to  be  much 
grown  by  those  having  indoors  decorations  to  carry 
out — its  handsome,  haired,  dark  bronzy  leaves,  which 
are  coated  with  white  mealiness,  are  very  striking.  On 
the  Continent  this  plant  is  making  much  headway,  as 
does  any  other  plant  of  thi;  or  allied  genera. 


ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER  AT  MR. 
B.  S.  WILLIAMS'  NURSERY. 
Here,  at  this  place,  as  elsewhere,  flowering 
Otchids  are  very  rare  at  the  ptesent  lime,  but  what 
there  are  deserve  a  passing  note.  We  found  Pilumna 
ftagrans  small  but  ftagrant,  perfuming  the  ait  in  the 
Vanda-house.  The  odour  of  Hawthorn  pervading 
these  flowers  reminds  one  of  spring  hedgerows,  but 
is  certainly  unpleasant  when  inhaled  at  very  close 
quartets.  The  New  Guinean  Dendtobium  supetbum 
was  in  flower — its  light  purple  and  white  blossoms, 
aiiily  disposed  on  slender  spikes  of  gteat  height, 
render  it  desirable  for  associating  with  Ferns  and 
mosses,  L:i;lia  Dayana,  a  pretty  purplish  flower, 
the  plant  of  very  low  habit,  was  flowering  in  baskets. 
Many  Calanthes  were  blooming,  including  C.  ves- 
tita  oculata,  the  white  variety  with  a  purple-crimson 
eye.  Of  Cypripediums  thete  were  Cbantini,  othetwise 
punctatum,  a  handsome  form  of  C.  insigne,  the 
dorsal  petal  being  abnormally  large,  mainly  of  a 
white  colour,  sparsely  sp:)tted  with  brown  ;  C.  Har- 
risianum,  a  flower  of  generally  reddish-copper  colour 
as  to  lip,  and  daik  petals  and  sepals  ;  C.  (Selenipe- 
dium)  Roezlii,  a  long-tailed  green  flower,  and  a  pretty 
continuous  bloomer,  was  likewise  showing  spikes  that 
were  almost  over  for  this  season.  This  is  one  of  the 
late  Benedick  Roezl's  earliest  inttoductions  to  this 
country,  and  is  deserving  of  a  place  in  collections  for 
its  singular  appeaiance. 

Yanda  Cathcatli  showed  two  bloom-spikes  not  yet 
open,  and  a  pale  foim  of  V.  Sandetiana  was  in  flower. 
This  IS  much  paler  than  the  better  known  vaiiety, 
and  is  less  handsome.  As  yet  but  lillle  vatiation 
from  the  type  has  been  observed,  but  some  may  be 
looked  for  amongst  the  impottations  now  coming  to 
this  country.  Some  few  OJontoglossum  Alexandt.ne 
and  O.  Pescatotei  wete  showing  flowets,  the  latter 
getting  now  past  its  prime.  The  display  of  pitchers 
of  Nepenthes  was  very  rich,  the  major  part  of  the 
species  being  fully  provided  with  them. 

In  Palms  of  recent  introduction,  and  which  are 
well  suited  to  do  service  in  the  dwelling,  may  be 
mentioned  Calamus  ciliaiis,  a  very  graceful  pinnate- 
leaved  species,  reminding  the  observfr  of  a  miniatuie 
Cycas  revolula,  the  foliage,  as  indicated  by  the 
specific  name,  being  soft  and  hairy  to  the  touch,  but 
not  to  the  sight.     Rhaphis  humilis,  a  rare  species, 


THE    BOTANICAL    GARDENS 
IN   JAVA. 

During  the  last  few  years  so  many  useful  and  im- 
portant improvements  have  been  made  in  the  botanical 
gardens  at  Baitenzorg  and  Tsi-Bodas  that  it  might 
not  be  amiss  if  the  attention  of  the  readers  of  Nature 
were  again  drawn  to  these  valuable  seats  of  systematic 
and  philosophical  research. 

On  enteting  the  gardens  at  Euitenzorg  the  stranger 
is  at  once  struck  with  the  wealth  and  luxuriance  of 
the  vegetation  he  sees,  the  great  height  of  the  trees 
whose  trunks  and  branches  are  in  many  cases  covered 
with  heavy  creepers,  the  dense  copses  of  the  different 
species  of  Bamboo,  the  eccentric-looking  Screw 
Pines,  and  the  handsome  Palm  trees  ;  but  the  scientific 
observer  is  also  struck  with  the  care  that  has  been 
taken  to  arrange  all  these  many  varieties  of  tropical 
plant  life  in,  as  far  as  possible,  their  systematic  order, 
and  that  each  specimen  has  its  scientific,  and  in  many 
cases  its  Malay  name  also,  clearly  and  distinctly 
printed  on  a  little  board  by  its  side. 

It  is  not  difficult  for  any  one  to  find  his  way 
about  the  garden,  and  in  a  very  short  time  he  can 
discover  the  patticular  family  ot  gtoup  of  plants 
which  he  may  desire  to  study.  Many  families  have 
probably  more  representatives  in  these  gardens  than 
in  any  in  the  world.  The  Sapatacea;,  for  instance,  so 
rarely  seen  in  Europe,  are  here  represented  by  a  great 
variety  of  genera  and  species,  and  the  Palmacea;,  the 
Rubiacece,  the  Burseracen;,  the  Orchidace.Te,  and  other 
families,  have  now  a  large  number  of  rate  and  inter- 
esting representatives. 

The  herbarium,  which  is  attached  to  the  garden, 
contains  a  lar^e  collection  of  dried  plants  and  seeds 
collected  together  from  the  many  expeditions  into  the 
little  or  unknown  parts  of  the  Archipelago,  and  from 
other  sources.  Attached  to  the  hetbatium  thete  is  a 
comfortable  and  convenient  little  libtary,  which  con- 
tains most  of  the  important  botanical  books  and 
journals. 

The  laboratory,  which,  thanks  to  the  energy  of 
Dr.  Treub,  the  director,  is  now  completed,  is  a  large, 
lofty,  and,  for  these  climes,  particularly  cool  room, 
and  is  well  fitted  out  with  reagents  and  apparatus  for 
carrying  on  botanical  research.  The  generous  invita- 
tion which  Dr.  Treub  has  issued  to  naturalists,  and  to 
which  the  attention  of  the  leaders  of  Nature  has 
already  been  ditected,  has  attracted  sevetal  scientific 
men  of  ditferent  nationalities,  and  some  excellent 
research  has  already  been  made  in  this  laboratory. 

When  I  arrived  in  Builenzorg  Dt.  Treub  was  at 
Tsi-Bodas  ;  so,  after  spending  a  few  days  in  study  in 
the  gardens,  I  made  the  journey  across  the  mountains 
to  pay  him  a  visit.  The  road  from  Builenzorg  to 
Tsi-Bodas  crosses  the  Poenchuk  Pass,  and  is  full  of 
interest  and  beauty.  On  the  way  the  traveller  passes 
quite  close  to  the  Talaga  Werner,  the  crater  of  an 
extinct  volcano  which  is  now  filled  with  water,  and 
forms  a  most  beautiful  little  lake  hidden  in  the  dense 
foliage  of  the  mountain  slopes.  The  path  from  the 
road  to  the  lake  is  through  a  dense  wood  of  fine  forest 
trees,  and  amongst  the  undergrowth  are  found  many 
fine  shrubs  and  plants  which  are  not  found  in  the 
low-lying  country  beneath. 

The  gatdens  at  Tsi-Bodas  are  situated  on  the  slopes 
of  the  Gedeh  Mountains,  at  an  altitude  of  5000  feet, 
and  here  I  found  Dr.  Tteub  at  work  in  the  comfort- 
able little  house  which  is  attached  to  the  gardens. 

From  this  spot  a  very  wide  range  of  vegetation 
may  be  studied,  from  the  rich  and  varied  vegetation 
of  the  plains  to  the  interesting  vegetation  of  the 
Gedeh  and  Pangeranso  peaks,  at  an  elevation  of 
10,000  feet.  In  the  gardens  themselves  a  very  fine 
collection  of  Coniferae  from  America,  China,  Aus- 
tralia, and  other  parts  of  the  world,  has  been  got 
together,  and  spaces  have  been  cleared  for  the  growth 
of  the  various  species  of  Eucalyptus,  Cinchona,  and 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


5?3 


Other  plants.  Year  by  year  the  surrounding  forest 
is  being  encroached  upon  by  these  gardens  to  make 
roooi  for  new  impoitations.  I  was  extremely  sorry 
that  I  could  not  prolong  my  stay  at  Tbi-liodas,  but  I 
had  to  return  to  Batavia  to  catch  the  Molucca  boat. 
I  saw,  however,  enough  to  convince  me  of  the  great 
importance  of  these  gardens  for  the  advancement  o! 
our  botanical  knowledge,  and  the  great  opportunities 
they  afford  for  research  into  all  branches  of  the 
science. 

I  need  hardly  say  that  the  climate  in  this  region  is 
extremely  pleasant  and  invigorating,  and  the  neigh- 
bouring village  of  Slndanlaya  is  much  resorted  to  by 
Europeans  and  others  whose  health  has  suffered  on 
the  coasts  or  low-lying  distric's  of  the  Archipebgo, 
At  BuitenzoTg  the  climate  is  by  no  means  unpleasant 
or  unhealthy,  but  as  it  lies  a  few  thousand  feet  lower 
than  Tsi-Bodas,  it  is  naturally  a  good  deal  warmer  ; 
but  I  am  assured  that  several  Europeans  have  worked 
there  for  several  years  without  feeling  their  health  the 
least  bit  affected. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  add  that  every  one  who 
has  come  over  to  Java  to  work  in  these  gardens  has 
been  amply  repaid  for  the  time  spent  in  the  long 
journey  over  the  sea,  for  the  insight  which  can  be 
gained  here  into  what  tropical  botany  really  is  is  one 
which  can  be  gained  nowhere  ehe  in  the  world  so 
well,  and  leaves  an  impression  which  is  not  likely  to 
be  forgotten  in  a  lifetime.  Sydney  J,  Hickson^ 
Batavia^  yuly^  in  *^  iVature." 


EIGHT  DAYS    IN  THE  GARDEN 
OF    ENGLAND. 

(CoHthmed    fmm    p.    666.) 

Salcombe  and  its  Estuary.— "  Time  and  tide 
wait  for  no  man,"  so  to  our  chagrin  we  found  that,  it 
being  spring-tide,  we  should  only  reach  the  much- 
vaunted  Salcombe  by  night-fall ;  and  in  order  to  be 
in  Exeter,  as  we  were  obliged,  on  the  following  night, 
that  we  must  leave  at  9. 30  next  morning — and  this, 
when  we  had  been  rejoicing  in  the  springtide  as 
affording  us  an  opportunity  of  finding  the  British 
coral-polype  in  one  of  its  few  localities  on  our  south 
coast  !  The  evening  journey  by  steamer  down  the 
beautiful  estuary  was,  however,  very  pleasant  in  itself, 
Undulating  hills  of  ripe  cornfields  on  all  sides,  with 
well-timbered  hedgerows  and  copses  of  Oak  coming 
down  to  the  water's-edge,  owing  to  the  winding 
course  of  the  shallow  inlet,  gave  it  all  the  appearance 
of  a  take.  The  transparently  clear  water  was  scarcely 
rufHed  by  a  single  lipple,  and  as  the  fading  sunlight 
tinted  it  with  pink  and  gold,  while  the  green  of  the 
trees  on  shore  gradually  became  black,  the  scene 
reminded  one  forcibly  of  Windermere.  Real  moun- 
tains and  wooded  islets  were,  however,  absent,  so 
that  the  resemblance  was  not  compltte.  As  we 
neared  Salcombe  the  outline  of  the  church  tower  was 
just  visible,  but  the  terraced  grouping  of  the  little 
town  was  rendered  apparent  by  the  already  numerous 
lights  ;  and  on  landing  our  exploration  of  a  place 
where  Myrtles,  Bays,  and  Oranges  were  reported  to 
6ourish  in  the  open  was  performed  under  the  difficulty 
of  almost  total  darkness.  Touch  and  taste,  however, 
told  of  the  whereabouts  of  many  fine  evergreens,  and 
this  evening  ramble  was  supplemented  by  one  in  the 
early  morning,  after  a  comfortable  night  at  the  homely 
Victoria  Inn,  the  best  apparently  in  the  town.  The 
water  is  certainly  beautifully  transparent.  Bolt  Head 
and  the  rocks  that  lie  cff  the  moulh  of  the  estuary, 
introduce  the  element  of  grandeur  into  the  scenery. 
Many  of  the  villas  are  pretty  ;  but,  it  must  be  con- 
fessed, our  general  impression  of  Saleombe  itself  was 
one  of  disappointment.  The  farmers  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood used  also  to  engage  in  ship- building,  turning 
out  many  handsome  schooners  for  the  fruit  trade  of 
the  Medilerannean,  and  we  saw  a  little  ship-building 
in  progress  on  the  estuary  ;  but  the  screw  steamers 
have  ruined  the  trade.  The  old  town  is  as  dirty  as 
that  of  Folkestone,  which  is  saying  a  great  deal,  and 
the  rest  is  new,  painfully  so.  S  ill,  everything  thrives 
as  a  matter  of  course  ;  for  here  in  the  South  Hams, 
as  this  district  {once  all  known  as  Totnes)  is  called, 
frost  is  unknown,  the  mean  annual  temperature  being 
47°  F. 

CoMCE  Royal. 

Having  steamed  back  to  Kingsbridge,  watching 
the  cormorants  and  kittywakes  now  flying  and  now 
swimming  over  the  estuary,  we  walked  up  the  lane  to 
Combe  Royal,  noting  by  the  way  the  occurrence  of 
Geranium   striatum,   doubtless   originally  an  escape, 


though  not  now  cultivated  hereabouts.  Entering  the 
lodge  gate  we  found  the  drive  sweep  along  the  east 
side  of  the  long  and  narrow  combe,  about  midway  up 
its  slope. 

On  our  left  an  underwood  of  Euonymus  japonicus, 
with  a  foreground  of  Hypericum  calycinum,  was 
arched  over  by  larger  trees,  whilst  on  the  right  was  a 
grassy  slope  down  to  the  American  garden,  a  group 
of  fine  Elms  and  Planes  and  a  small  pond,  on  which 
a  black  swan  was  disporting  itself,  and  beyond,  the 
other  slope  of  the  combe  was  well  timbered  with 
Sjcamore,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  sheltering  trees. 
Near  the  lawn  gate  rose  a  magnificent  Plane,  beneath 
which  a  large  clump  of  Hydrangeas  were  in  full 
flower.  They  are  all  blue-tinged  here.  Noting  the 
two  well-lofded  Fig  trees  near  the  stables  while  we 
waited  for  Mr.  Horsman,  the  gardener  ;  when  he 
arrived  we  were  most  courteously  conducted  over  the 
whole  of  the  extensive  gardens,  the  rrianagement  of 
which  is  entirely  carried  out  by  himself  and  three 
undergardeners.  The  vinery,  where  a  good  crop  of 
Madresfield  Court  on  young  wood  looked  as  if  it 
wou'd  be  all  the  better  for  thinning,  seemed  to  tell  of 
an  insufficient  staff,  whilst  in  the  small  stove  there 
were  some  good  Crotons,  Gloxinias,  and  Adiantums, 
besides  a  Bougainvitlea  and  a  Banana  that  fruits 
every  year,  and  has  even  borne  twice  in  one  year ; 
but,  probably  owing  to  deficient  moisture,  Mr. 
Horsman  has  not  been  successful  with  Adiantura 
larleyense.  In  the  kitchen  garden  Raspberries  were 
a  good  crop  in  spite  of  the  too  numerous  blackbirds 
from  the  nearness  of  the  sheltering  woods,  and  there 
was  a  good  promise  of  wall-fruits,  the  walls 
all  having  projecting  stone  eaves,  from  which 
reed-mats  are  hung  in  winter.  The  conservatory, 
with  small  old-fashioned  pines,  was  most  rich  in  such 
climbing  plants  as  require  comparatively  little  oversight 
— Lipageria  rosea,  Allamanda,  Tacsonias,  Bignonia, 
Datura  sanguinea,  and  Begonia  fuchsioides— all  of 
which  looked  well.  Mr.  Horsman  next  took  us  past 
two  fine  old  Palms  on  the  front  lawn,  which  are  entirely 
unprotected  in  winter,  to  the  orangery,  one  of  his 
main  attractions.  It  is  simply  a  gravel  terrace,  with 
a  high  wall  facing  the  south-west,  in  which  are  nine 
or  ten  shallow  recesses,  each  accommodating  one 
large  tree  of  a  species  of  Citrus.  Here  was  one  tree, 
a  Seville  Orange  (C.  communis),  if  memory  does  not 
deceive,  250  years  old  ;  and  another,  planted  by  Mr. 
Horsman's  grandfather  a  hundred  years  ago  !  The 
common  Orange  (C.  aurantium)  and  its  Maltese 
variety,  the  Lemon  (C.  limonum)  and  the  Sweet  Lime 
(C.  limetta),  the  Citron  (C.  medica),  and  the  Shad- 
dock (C.  decumana),  each  had  its  niche,  and  was 
flourishing  and  fruiting  freely  in  the  open  air,  without 
any  of  the  smut-like  appearance  seen  on  those  under 
glass  at  Kingsbridge.  The  trees  are  kept  severely 
pruned  back,  are  protected  by  mats  in  winter,  and 
are  thoroughly  manured  yearly  with  soot  and  guano, 
the  gravel  being  turned  back  from  their  roots  for  the 
purpose. 

On  the  slope  above  this  terrace  were  many  interest- 
ing trees;  Camellias,  the  Loquat  (Eriobotrya  j.iponica), 
Embothrium,  a  fine  Araucaria,  and  a  large  Euca- 
lyptus, with  clumps  of  Bamboo  (B.  metake  and  B. 
glaucescens),  and  bushes  of  L'jycesteiia  formosa  and 
a  Hypericum,  which  I  believe  to  be  H.  patulum. 
There  is  an  interesting  series  of  this  genus  in  the 
pleasure-garden  at  Kew  just  now  ;  but  I  failed  to  re- 
cognise this  species  among  the  pretty  branched 
shrubby  kinds.  Walking  along  a  wood-side  path  I 
was  much  struck  by  the  beauty  of  Ilex  latifolium, 
forming  a  large  bushy  tree,  and  by  the  numerous  fine 
Cypresses,  whilst  Euonymus  seemed  to  more  than 
replace  Holly  as  an  evergreen  under  trees.  Crossing 
the  meadow  towards  the  American  garden,  I  first 
realised  the  great  distinctness  of  habit  in  the  Cornish 
Elm.  Not  sending  out  horizontal  limbs,  it  has  a  Pear- 
like, almost  pyramidal  outline,  with  dark,  glabrous, 
markedly  oblique  leaves,  of  a  medium  size.  It  does 
not  usually  fruit,  but  does  not  seem  either  to  give  off 
many  suckers. 

Luxuriating  in  perfectly  undressed  natural  soil,  a 
clayey  loam,  which  is,  I  presume,  mainly  kaolin  from 
the  granite  and  slate  of  the  interior,  the  American 
garden  exceeds  even  the  rest  of  the  grounds  in  its 
wonderful  luxuriance.  We  entered  between  walls  of 
every  kind  of  Rhododendron,  the  Himalayan  species 
and  many  hybrids  rivalling  ponticum  in  size  and 
general  health.  Unfortunately  none  of  the  plants  are 
named.  Gunnera  scabra  was  not  placed  so  as  to  show 
to  advantage,  as  it  does  on  Sir  George  Macleay's  lawn 
at  Pendell ;  but  a  large  tree  of  the  rare  Halesia  hispida, 


whose  large  pendulous  racemes  of  white  flowers  were 
now  over,  a  fine  Chinese  Juniper,  and  a  gigantic 
Cupressus  macrocarpa  formed  a  most  tffeclive  group. 
The  latter  tree,  oneol  the  earliest  introduced,  had  a  stem 
fully  2  feet  in  diameter,  and  more  resembled  a  bushy 
young  Lebanon  Cedar  than  a  Cypress.  Winter'3 
Bark  (Drimys  Winteri)  in  flower.  Magnolia  Vulan, 
the  interestingly  ternate-leaved  Orange  (Choisya  ter- 
nata),  and  a  variety  of  flourishing  Eucalypti,  were  also 
among  the  collection.  The  latter,  received  as  small 
plants  from  Kew,  have  now  no  names,  but  the  Blue 
Gum,  E.  globulus,  is  not  among  them,  as  even  here 
a  winter  is  occasionally  too  much  for  it.  Some  of  the 
trees  rivalled  in  rapidity  of  growth  those  exhibited 
from  the  south  of  France  at  the  Edinburgh  Forestry 
Exhibition,  giving  a  diameter  of  4  inches  for  seven 
years'  growth.  An  artificial  streamlet  filled  with  a 
luxuriant  growth  of  Richardia  Kthiopica  was  the  last 
feature  we  noticed  before,  having  thanked  Mr.  Hors- 
man for  showing  us  a  garden  that  reflects  so  much 
credit  on  his  industry,  we  set  off  to  catch  the  coach 
for  Dartmouth.   G.  S.  Boulger. 

{To  It  uMnued.) 


CATTLEYA  BOWRINGL^NA  (AUTUMNALI.S). 
This  very  lovely  new  introduction  is  in  bloom  in 
several  examples  with  Messrs.  James  Veitch  tS:  Son, 
who  are  the  importers  and  holders  of  the  slock.  At 
first  sight  it  might  be  taken  for  an  autumn-flowering 
C.  Skinneri,  but  examination  reveals  peculiarities 
which  render  it  totally  distinct  from  that  species,  or, 
indeed,  from  any  Cattleya  in  cultivation.  The  chief 
peculiarity  consists  in  each  of  the  pseudobulbs  having 
an  enlarged  and  flattened  base,  so  that  each  of  them 
seems  to  spring  from  a  formation  something  like  a 
pseudobulb  of  Broughtonia  sanguinea  or  Lceliaopsis. 
The  pseudobulbs,  too,  are  clad  with  sheaths  of  very 
peculiar  structure,  and  the  leaves  have  a  glaucous 
tint,  which  makes  them  resemble  a  tall  form  of  Epi- 
dendrum  ciliare  or  E.  cinnabarinum  more  than  a 
Cattleya  Skinneri.  The  flowers  are  in  neat  bunches, 
the  sepals  and  petals  being  mauve  tinted  rose,  and 
the  labellum  dark  crimson,  with  yellow  stain  in  the 
throat.  Flowering,  as  it  does,  in  the  very  dullest 
season,  C.  Bowringiana  will  be  a  great  acquisition, 
and  more  demands  will  be  made  for  it  no  doubt  than 
the  limited  stock  will  meet.    y.  O'B. 

Vanda  ccerulea. 

There  was  lately  at  Lake  House,  Cheltenham,  in 

the   collection   of  G.    Nevile-Wyatt,    Esq.,    a    plaLt 

carrymg    the    unusual    quantity   of    ninety   blooms. 

7.  Cyfhcr. 

CALANTHE    VESTITA    OCULATA    GICANTEA   [Oh!] 

possesses  a  remarkably  showy  character,  and 
blooms  after  some  of  its  allies,  thus  aftording  a  con- 
tinuity of  bloom.  The  foliage,  moreover,  remains 
green  during  the  time  of  its  flowering.  It  has  long 
arching  spikes,  3  —  4  feet  in  length,  producing  numer- 
ous flowers,  which  are  large,  and  of  a  soft  creamy- 
white  colour,  with  a  white  lip,  the  base  of  the  lip  and 
underside  being  of  a  dazzling  fiery  red,  which  feature 
is  the  most  striking  characteristic  of  the  variety.  It 
blooms  in  March  and  April,  and  continues  flowering 
for  two  months  or  more.  ConJemed from  Ike  "  Orchid 
Album"  t.  211. 

Odontoglossum  ramosissimum, 
M.  Linden,  who  discovered  this  brilliant  species  in 
the  dense  forests  near  Merida  in  Venezuela,  at  a 
height  above  the  sea  of  more  than  2000  metres,  has 
described  it  by  saying,  "  A  magnificent  species,  with 
oval  compressed  pseudobulbs,  flower-stem  2—3  feet 
long,  covered  with  innumerable  flowers  of  the  purest 
while,  petals  rosy-purple  at  the  base,  lip  purple."  M. 
Roezl  adds  that  it  grows  also  between  the  rivers 
Canca  and  Magdalena  at  a  height  of  4C00  metres, 
exposed  to  slight  frost  at  night  and  where  a  thick  icy 
fog  prevails  almost  constantly.  Lindcnia,  t.  17. 


684 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  i8,  1885. 


ALPINE    PLANTS. 

Lin-arias.  —  The  genus  Linaria  comprises  about 
fifteen  species,  suitable  to  decorate  our  walls  and 
rockeries.  Some  belong  to  the  section  of  Cymbalaria, 
creeping  over  and  hanging  from  the  rocks,  and  are 
good  for  furnishing  old  walls.  Their  flowers  are  placed 
on  long  slender  stems,  which  spread  out  on  all  sides 
or  form  long  spikes.  Others  are  erect,  and  show 
themselves  in  the  form  of  a  little  bush,  whose  stems, 
more  or  less  long  and  stilT,  terminate  in  a  bunch  of 
flowers  usually  as  compact  as  those  of  Linaria  vul- 
garis. Lastly,  a  third  section  includes  the  species 
which,  although  creeping  or  trailing,  bear  their  flowers 
on  a  terminal  spike,  as  in  L.  alpina.  None  of  these 
plants  are  difficult  to  cultivate,  and  if  each  has  its 
special  requirements  it  is  easy  to  supply  them.  In 
the  first  section  we  find  :  — 

Linaria  cvmbalaria,  Linnaeus. — So  common  as  to 
need  neither  description  nor  particulars  of  cultivation. 
L.  hepaticcrfolia,  Duby.,  is  a  charming  species,  much 
moregraceful  than  the  preceding,  and  which  when  placed 
in  good  conditions  is  covered  with  flowers  during  all 
the  season  to  such  an  extent  that  its  leaves  cannot  be 
seen.  It  was  covered  with  flowers  until  lately  on  our 
rockeries,  where  it  has  been  flowering  since  the  early 
spring.  Much  less  inclined  to  run  over  the  ground 
than  L.  cymbalaria,  this  elegant  species,  a  native  of 
the  Corsican  mountains,  however,  very  rapidly  covers 
the  rockeries  and  the  ground  on  which  it  is  placed. 
It  also  suits  walls  very  well.  It  succeeds  everywhere, 
in  the  shade  as  well  as  in  the  sun  ;  but  if  many  flowers 
are  wanted,  it  must  be  placed  in  the  sun  in  a  hole  with 
little  soil. 

L.pilom,  De  Candolle,  a  native  of  the  Apennines,  is 
a  plant  which  approaches  L.  Cymbalaria,  but  never 
developes  itself  so  much  and  which  even  is  rather 
difficult  to  propagate.  The  leaves  are  smaller  and 
rounder  than  in  L.  Cymbalaria  and  covered  with 
hairs.  The  flowers  are  of  a  reddish-violet.  It  does 
best  when  fully  exposed  to  the  sun. 

L.  pallida,  Tenore,  of  the  Apennines,  is  the  most 
beautiful  of  all  the  Linarias.  Its  flowers  are  very 
large,  of  a  violet-blue,  and  decorated  with  a  pretty 
spot  of  orange-yellow  as  in  L.  alpina,  but  much  more 
apparent.  It  is  sweet-scented.  The  large  greyish 
leaves  are  like  those  of  L.  Cymbalaria.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  decorative  of  rock  plants.  It  likes  a 
verticil  position  on  the  stones  and  the  old  walls,  which 
it  rapidly  spreads  over.  It  must  be  exposed  to  the 
sun  and  be  planted  in  a  strong  soil.  It  is  easily  mul- 
tiplied by  parting  the  roots. 

L.  origanifolia,  DC. — A  native  of  the  south  of 
Europe,  differs  from  the  preceding  in  its  foliage,  which 
is  near  the  other  Linarias,  and  by  its  flowers  which 
are  less  violet-blue. 

L.  macropoda,  Boissier  and  Reuter,  is  near  to  L. 
origanifoUa,  It  is  very  graceful,  with  flowers  on  a 
longer  peduncle  and  of  a  pale  lilac  colour.  It  comes 
from  the  lower  zone  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  requires 
exposure  to  the  sun. 

The  second  section  includes  : — 
L,  genistifolia^  DC. — Southern  Europe.  This  is  the 
largest  species  which  is  cultivated  on  rockeries.  The 
stem  is  0.15  to  0.20  centimetres  (6 — 8  inches),  and 
bears  broad  and  glaucous  leaves.  Flowers  large, 
yellowish-white,  and  arranged  in  loose  spikes.  It 
requires  a  good  and  fertile  soil,  and  is  multiplied  by 
seeds. 

L.  linifolia,  Willdenow.— Tauria,  Podolia.  A 
smaller  species,  more  compact,  with  small  flowers  of 
a  bright  yellow.     It  flowers  all  the  summer. 

L.  striala,  DC. — This  is  a  charming  little  lilac 
flower,  striped  with  lines  of  a  deeper  colour  It 
flowers  all  the  summer. 

L.  histis.  Miller,  is  a  species  rarely  cultivated. 
This  plant,  a  native  of  Spain,  is  short,  and  has  broad 
dark  green  leaves.  The  flowers,  to  the  number  of 
five  or  six,  are  placed  in  very  short  terminal  bunches, 
and  are  marked  by  a  blackish-brown  spot  on  the 
upper  lip.  This  spot  is  rather  large  and  of  a  rather 
dark  brown,  so  that  the  name  trislis  is  quite  appro- 
priate to  this  species.  L.  tristis  succeeds  in  a  sandy, 
gravelly,  and  light  soil  exposed  to  the  sun.  It  is 
reproduced  by  means  of  seeds  and  by  the  division  of 
its  tufts. 

L.  pyrenaica,  DC,  from  the  French  Pyrenees,  is 
a  small  compact  species,  very  slender,  and  incon- 
spicuous. It,forms  tufts,  whose  flowers,  of  a  golden- 
yellow,  are  very  decorative.  It  hardly  attains  the 
height  of  more  than  5  or  6  centimetres  (2 — 24  inches), 
a  id  assumes  the  appearance  on  the  rocks  of  a  golden 


button,  the  outer  stems  lying  on  the  ground  as  if  to 
sustain  the  upper  ones. 

Z.  mclananlha,  Boiss. — Sierra  de  Guadariama.  A 
very  pretty  species,  with  delicate  foliage,  flowers  of  a 
brownish-yellow,  fairly  large  and  glandular.  It 
likes  dryness  and  exposure  to  the  sun. 

The  third  section  furnishes  :— 

L.  alpina.  Miller,  of  the  Alps  of  Europe,  is  one 
of  the  most  pleasing  species  of  the  genus.  Its 
glaucous  leaves  spread  on  the  soil,  and  form 
little  rosettes,  which  are  pretty  objects  alone. 
I  do  not  know  what  to  say  of  the  nice  flowers 
on  slender  spikes  rising  from  the  centre  of  the 
pretty  tuft.  The  corolla  is  of  a  fine  lilac,  with  an 
orange  spot  on  the  upper  side.  L.  alpina  is  generally 
supposed  to  be  an  annual  or  biennial  species  ;  but  I 
have,  however,  grown  some  specimens  which  have 
lasted  five  or  six  years,  which  proves  to  me  that  it  is 
a  perennial.  Its  cultivation  is  easy.  It  wants  a  sandy 
soil,  granitic  or  slaty,  if  possible,  and  very  porous. 
When  sown  where  it  is  desired  to  remain  it  succeeds 
better  than  when  it  is  transplanted  ;  however,  if  care 
is  taken  to  transplant  it  in  the  autumn  it  will  be  sure 
to  succeed.  I  brought  some  back  from  an  excursion 
made  on  March  2  with  my  friend,  Mr.  Scott  Wilson, 
and  I  notice  with  pleasure  that  they  have  made  many 
roots  in  the  pots  into  which  they  were  put.  They 
are  in  a  very  good  condition,  and  to  me  appear  to 
be  prospering  very  well.  Nevertheless  I  have  ob- 
served that  the  plants  raised  from  seed  always  be- 
come stronger  and  more  floriferous  than  the  others. 

L.  pe/nva,  Jordan,  seems  to  me  to  be  nothing  else 
than  a  variety  of  L.  alpina.  It  is  peculiar  to  the 
chain  of  the  Jura,  where  the  true  type,  L.  alpina,  is 
never  met  with.  L.  petrsea  is  stronger  and  more 
vigorous  than  L.  alpina.  The  stems,  instead  of  lying 
on  the  ground  are  erect,  or  raise  themselves  at  the 
extremity  of  their  branches,  the  base  of  which  creeps 
on  the  ground.  The  flowers  are  smaller,  more 
numerous,  and  often  deprived  of  the  pure  orange- 
yellow  spot  which  characterises  the  species  alpina.  It 
has  been  flowering  until  lately  on  our  rockeries. 

L.  anticaria,  Boissier  and  Reuter,  of  the  Spanish 
mountains  (Trocal  des  Antequera).— L.  anticaria  is  one 
of  the  best  of  the  rock  plants  introduced  from  Spain. 
This  species  differs  entirely  from  those  described  pre- 
viously. Somewhat  resembling  L.  alpina,  it  possesses  a 
great  likeness  to  L.  tristis.  Its  foliage  is  glaucous  and 
very  elegant.  Its  stems  are  erect  as  in  L.  petraea, 
but  much  stronger.  Its  flowers  are  large  and  in  com- 
pact bunches  of  a  very  pale  lilac,  nearly  white,  with 
dark  spots  on  the  upper  lip.  It  is  multiplied  by  seeds. 
//.  Correvon,  Geneva. 


population  by  April  will  be  new,  and  when  the  bees, 
whether  young  or  old,  take  their  first  spring  flight, 
they  will  mark  the  spot  and  return. 

There  is  no  better  way  of  arranging  beehives  than 
that  called  quincunx,  or  arranging  them  in  fives.  To 
make  this  clear,  just  mark  off  a  perfect  square  on  a 
plot  of  ground,  put  one  hive  at  each  corner  of  the 
square,  and  one  in  the  middle,  i.e.,  where  the  diago- 
nals would  cross  each  other.  This  arrangement  was 
so  unintelligent  to  the  ancients,  who  were  by  no  means 
so  unintelligent  as  some  imagine.  Cicero  recommended 
planting  trees  in  this  order,  and  Ccesir  applied  it  in 
the  formation  of  his  army.  The  advantages  are  these. 
The  hives  are  equally  distant  from  each  other.  Space 
is  economised,  because  the  quincunx  system  allows  the 
greatest  possible  number  of  hives  on  a  given  area,  and 
at  the  same  time  allows  them  to  be  the  greatest  distance 
apart.  Even  the  bees  teach  us  the  quincunx  system, 
for  they  make  their  cells  on  each  side  of  the  honeycomb 
with  a  very  thin  floor  or  septum  between  them.  But 
the  cellsa  re  not  opposite  each  other,  thus  they  do 
not  have  a  common  base,  but  the  centres  of  the  bases 
are  arranged  in  fives,  thus  giving,  at  the  same  time, 
the  greatest  strength  and  the  greatest  space. 

Once  more,  you  may  at  this  season  of  the  year 
move  your  hives  any  distance,  great  or  small,  and  if 
the  bees,  according  to  the  ancient  legend,  come  out 
on  Christmas  Eve  and  sing  a  carol,  be  very  sure 
they  will  go  in  again  when  it  is  sung.  Agnes. 


\\t  im\h 


MOVING  BEES. 
There  is  no  better  time  than  the  months  of  Novem- 
ber and  December  for  moving  hives  of  bees.  Many 
mistakes  are  made  by  novices  on  this  point,  It  the 
habits  of  bees  are  studied  these  mistakes  will  not 
occur.  When  bees  are  provided  with  "seats  and  a 
station,"  as  Virgil  says,  they  immediately  mark  the 
spot,  and  when  loaded  with  honey  or  pollen  rise  up 
into  the  air  and  fly  in  a  straight  line  to  their  much- 
loved  home.  Now,  if  on  a  summer  evening  you  move 
your  hive  only  a  dozen  yards,  you  will  have  the  fol- 
lowing results  : — The  bees  will  rush  out  the  next 
morning  and  will  flyaway  to  their  work,  not  knowing 
their  hive  has  been  moved.  When  loaded  they  will 
fly  straight  to  the  old  spot,  and,  not  finding  their 
home,  some  will  fly  wildly  about  the  old  spot  till  they 
sink  exhausted  ;  while  others,  perhaps,  will  endeavour 
to  enter  other  hives,  with  almost  the  certain  result  of 
being  slain.  Even  if  their  home  is  within  a  dozen 
yards  they  would  never  find  it.  If  it  is  necessary  to 
move  hives  in  the  summer  move  them  a  yard  or  less  a 
day,  but  even  that  is  better  avoided  ;  and  from  experi- 
ence I  would  earnestly  give  the  advice  sometimes 
given  to  those  about  to  get  married,  viz.,  "  Don't." 

But  this  time  of  the  year,  as  bees  are  not  flying, 
hives  may  be  moved  with  impunity.  I  moved  all  my 
hives  the  first  week  in  November,  and  I  have  not  lost 
a  bee.  The  reason  is  obvious.  The  bees  are  not 
flying  at  the  present  time.  If  a  warm  day  came  they 
would  only  play  about  their  hives  and  go  in  again. 
During  the  winter  some  (very  often  many)  old  bees 
die,  and  others  are  born.     In  fact,  a  good  part  of  the 


FLORAL    PYRAMIDS. 

Those  who  have  only  seen  Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums 
in  an  ordinary  pot  or  bedding  plant  form  can  have 
no  idea  of  the  wondrous  beauty  got  out  of  some  of 
the  free-growing  kinds  when  treated  to  that  end,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that,  as  shown  in  the  illustra- 
tion (fig.  153),  Mr.  Profit,  gardener  to  B.  W.  Currie, 
Esq.,  at  that  gentleman's  truly  lovely  place  at  Coombe 
Warren,  Surrey,  has  succeeded  in  displaying  the 
highly  decorative  features  of  these  plants  in  a  very 
beautiful  fashion.  As  basket  plants,  or  even  as  ordi- 
nary pot  plants,  these  Ivy-leaf  forms  have  proved 
most  serviceable.  Generally,  as  bedding  plants,  with 
some  few  exceptions,  they  have  proved  too  free  of 
growth  and  shy  of  bloom,  whilst  for  trellis,  wall,  or 
pillar  training  they  have  proved  invaluable,  though 
for  those  purposes  they  are  too  little  used. 

Few  men  have  done  more  for  the  Ivy-leaf  Pelar- 
gonium than  has  Mr.  George,  of  Putney,  and  he  will 
no  doubt  be  specially  interested  to  learn  that  the 
kinds  which  Mr.  Profit  finds  so  amenable  for  the  pro- 
duction of  those  marvellous  pyramids  at  Coombe 
Warren  are  of  his  raisng.  They  are  single  forms, 
free  growers,  and  profuse  bloomers,  not  named  at  the 
time  they  came  into  Mr.  Profit's  hands,  but  the 
colours  of  the  flowers  are  chiefly  rosy-cerise,  deep 
rosy-red,  and  rosy-lilac.  There  is  no  considerable 
admixture  of  colours  in  the  sorts  employed,  not  more 
than  two  being  found  in  any  one  pyramid,  as  a  too 
liberal  employment  of  floral  hues  might  materially 
detract  from  the  undoubted  beauty  produced  now. 
These  pyramids,  and  there  are  many,  composed  both 
of  these  Pelargoniums  and  of  Heliotropes,  stand  at 
the  outer  edge  of  the  upper  lawn  terrace  immediately 
fronting  the  quaint  yet  charming  house,  and  range 
from  8  to  9  feet  in  height,  with  bases  from  6  to  7  feet 
broad.  They  are  not  in  tubs  and  composed  of  single 
or  even  of  a  few  plants,  for  they  are  planted  out,  and 
the  secret  of  the  wondrous  beauty  found  in  the  pyramid 
lies  in  the  fact  that  Mr.  Profit  prepares  his  plants  before- 
hand, having  them  of  graduated  heights,  the  tallest 
and  those  of  full  height  being  in  the  centre,  and  others 
worked  in  when  the  pyramid  is  tied  out  to  fill 
the  apex,  and  thus  at  the  time  of  planting  in  May  the 
whole  of  the  trellis  is  neatly  furnished.  It  does  not 
do  to  prepare  the  plants  for  this  sort  of  decorative 
work  in  the  preceding  year  only.  Really  a  large 
number  are  propagated  every  autumn  and  grown  on 
through  the  following  year  in  pots,  tied  close  to  small 
sticks,  and  thus  in  case  of  failure  of  old  plants  there  is 
always  an  ample  stock  to  fall  back  upon  at  planting- 
out  time.  The  plants  forming  the  pyramids  are  all 
lifted  and  potted  in  the  autumn.  In  doing  so  the 
leaves  are  largely  removed  to  enable  the  wood  to  be 
gathered  up  closely,  and  thus  they  occupy  but  a  small 
space.  A  little  warmth  induces  root-action  and  just 
enough  is  kept  to  prevent  absolute  stagnation  until 
as  the  spring  advances  new  growth  is  induced  and 
the  greater  portion  of  these  old  ones  live  through  the 
winter  to  go  out  again,  the  ample  stock  of  succes- 


November  28,  1885.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


685 


sional  plants  on  hand  helping  to  fill  vacancies.  The 
trellises  are  eomposed  of  iron  supports  fixed  in  round 
the  margins  of  the  pyramids  and  brought  together 
in  the  form  of  a  cone  ;  over  which  are  secured 
stout  wire  and  iron  hoops,  so  that  there  is  ample 
support  to  tie  to.  la  every  instance,  not  only  were 
the  pyramids  perfectly  furnished  with  short-jointed 
growth  and  luxuriant  leafage,  but  they  were  almost 
masses  of  bloom.  Of  course.  Heliotropes  are  less 
gay,  but  they  prove  admirable  foils  to  the  more 
glossy  Pelargoniums.  The  method  of  producing 
plants  is  just  the  same,  and  the  course  of  treatment 
throughout  identical.  At  Coombe  Warren  the  true 
pyramidal  form  is  carefully  ensured,  but  that  is  not  an 


ness  of  bloom,  striking  foliage,  and  admirable  hatit, 
how  very  effective  Fuchsias  may  be  made  in  the 
flower-garder.  At  Coombe  Warren  one  meets  with 
a  series  of  surprises,  for  its  arrangements  are  diverse 
and  unique,  thus  in  another  small  enclosed  garden 
may  be  found  a  wall  covered  with  panels  of  Helio- 
trope, some  4  feet  in  width,  alternated  with  half- 
pyramids  of  scarlet  zonal  and  Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums. 
These  so  arranged  prove  to  be  a  singularly  attractive 
feature,  whilst  Ampelopsis  Veitchii  is  being  introduced 
to  give  a  green  background  to  the  heads  of  the  half- 
pyramids  another  year.  Large  quantities  of  standard 
and  sharp-pointed  pyramid  Laurustinus,  Bays,  Euony- 
mus,  Euryas,  and  other  suitable  and  striking  shrubs 


ill I'llii  Hill  \   null  I 


Fig.  153.— pyramidal  ivy-leaf  pelargonium,     (see  p.  684.) 


absolute  necessity,  for  if  the  plants  having  once  filled 
the  trellis  were  permitted  somewhat  free  growth, 
they  might  develope  into  gigantic  mounds  or  bushes. 
In  the  former  case  the  plants  are  secure  from  injury 
by  storms  ;  in  the  latter  they  may  suffer,  although 
only  in  exposed  positions.  Certainly  there  are  few 
gardeners  who  have  seen  or  may  see  these  beautiful 
pyramids  but  would  wish  to  Imitate  them. 
On  a  wall  backing  a  pretty  parterre  flower  garden, 
Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums,  with  a  few  plants  of 
the  variegated  Abutilon  here  and  there,  have  been 
employed  with  striking  effect  to  cover  it,  and  there 
are  growing  in  this  garden  a  large  number  of  dwarf 
standard  plants  of  the  Fuchsia  Wave  of  Life,  each 
some  2  feet  in  height,  and  with  perfect  umbrella* 
shaped  heads,  30  inches  over,  that  are  at  once 
singular  and  beautiful.     These  show,  by  their  profuse- 


are  grown  here  and  line  the  terrace  walks,  or  dot 
the  lawns.  Not  a  few  of  these  pyramids  are 
10  feet  in  height,  and  are  most  striking.  All 
the  features  about  the  grounds  are  uncommon  : 
as,  for  instance,  a  grass  bank  exposed  to  the  sun 
planted  with  large  quantities  of  Heaths  in  great 
variety;  and  in  a  few  years— so  well  do  the  plants 
thrive  in  the  soil — this  lot  of  Heaths  will  have  grown 
into  a  perfect  mass.  The  variable  features  of  the 
house  are  well  matched  by  the  interesting  varieties 
met  with  in  the  grounds.  Certainly  the  30  acres 
enclosed  within  the  fence,  and  which  forms  the 
pretty  estate  of  Coombe  Warren,  are  now  nearly  all 
converted  from  wild  wood  and  Heather  into  delightful 
glades  and  beautiful  smooth  lawns,  charming  terrace 
garden,  or  other  pleasing  features  of  garden  forma- 
tion ;    but  even  yet   other  alterations  and    improve- 


ments are  projected,  and  doubtless  will  be  carried 
out.  In  a  large  house  were  to  be  seen  a  lot  of 
old  standard  Orange  trees  in  big  tubs  :  these  had 
been  beheaded  in  the  summer,  and  then  stood  here 
with  a  quantity  of  stable  manure  about  them  to 
promote  bottom-heat,  and  had  broken  remarkably 
well.  Being  relubbed  next  spring,  they  would  another 
year  certainly  develope  grand  heads,  Jf. 


MESSRS.  VEITCH'S  NURSERY. 

The  large  house  built  for  the  Cattleyas  at  this 
nursery  contains,  at  the  present  time,  but  little  in  the 
way  of  bloom  to  delight  the  senses  if  we  except  a 
group  of  Cattleya  autumnalis  at  the  northern  end, 
the  cheerful  tints  of  this  most  attractive  species  mak- 
ing the  plants  conspicuous  a  long  way  off.  Nothing 
can  exceed  the  healthy  appearance  of  the  other 
inmates  of  this  house,  the  bulbs  bigger  and  foliage 
stouter  and  fuller  developed  than  we  remember  ever 
seeing  in  Cattleyas.  With  fine  growth  it  is  only  natural 
to  expect  tine  flowers,  and  the  promise  of  these,  as 
seen  in  the  thousands  of  sheaths  on  the  plants,  is 
remarkable. 

In  the  Cypripedium  houses  about  twenty  varieties 
and  species  were  giving  evidence  of  the  blooming 
season  having  commenced,  if,  indeed,  it  ever  comes  to 
an  end  now.  Seden's  improved  variety,  named 
Schroederiy-  is  worthy  of  especial  mention,  as  being  a 
distinct  and  pretty  flower — the  tints  more  decided 
and  brighter  than  in  the  original,  and  the  inner 
surface  of  the  lip  is  prettily  spotted.  The  long  tail- 
like side  petals  are  very  distinctive  appendages  of  the 
variety.  C.  Leeanum  is  another  hybrid  which  was 
found  in  bloom.  It  is  a  hybrid  between  C.  insigne 
var.  Maulei  and  the  beautiful  C.  Spicerianum.  The 
colour  of  the  lip  is  brighter  than  in  any  other  insigne 
variety,  and  the  white  colour  is  disposed  as  a  margin 
to  the  dorsal  petals,  instead  of  being  spread  over  the 
greater  portion.  It  is  a  distinct  variety,  and  worth 
attention.  C.  Harrisianum  superbum  is  another 
handsome  flower,  the  dorsal  sepal  in  this  variety  being 
marked  with  very  dark  brownish-purple  stripes, 
arranged  vertically.  Others  were  C.  Ashburtoniae, 
C.  porphyrophyllum,  C.  Spicerianum,  C.  Sedeni,  C. 
barbatum  varieties,    C.  Arthurianum,  and  C.  vexilla- 


A  strong  piece  of  Vanda  Sanderiana,  with  a  fine 
mass  of  bloom  on  it,  had  been  in  flower  some  few 
weeks  ;  the  long-enduring  blooms  were  showing  just 
here  and  there  slight  signs  of  decay.  Few  Orchids 
last  so  long  in  bloom  as  this,  or  are  of  easier  culture. 

The  curious  AngiKCum  recently  mentioned  in  these 
pages  was  observed  in  a  small  specimen  carrying  two 
blooms,  the  plant  being  accommodated  in  a  teak- 
wood  basket. 

A  few  Oncidiums  were  blooming,  notably  O. 
Jonesianum  and  O.  Kramerianum ;  a  few  also  of 
Phalrenopsis,  as  violacea  fragrans  and  P.  Sanderiana, 
but  the  bulk  of  the  species  were  exhibiting  only  many 
long  and  strong  spikes,  yet  to  open  in  their  proper 
season.     P.  Esmeralda  was  just  past. 

In  Odontoglossums  there  were  in  flower  O.  Rossi, 
a  winter-blouming  Mexican  species,  with  while  and 
purple  flowers,  always  grateful  at  that  season.  There 
were  a  good  many  shades  of  colour  noticed  amongst 
these  winter  gems  of  the  Orchid-house. 

Pleiones,  that  associate  well  with  the  last-named, 
were  likewise  observed  to  be  still  in  bloom.  Of 
forms  of  Odontoglossum  crispum,  there  was  seen 
much  variety  in  the  numerous  lovely  spikes  that  were 
open  in  the  house  set  apart  for  these  plants.  In  the 
same  were  Oncidium  O'Brieni,  a  diminutive  flower  of 
brown  and  gold,  a  useful  thing  in  personal  decora- 
tion, but  not  much  of  a  decorative  object  in  a  pot — 
O.  varicosum  and  O.  incurvum  lighling  up  with 
their  bright  hues  of  white,  and  brown,  and  pink. 

Trichosme  suavis  and  Calanthe  veratrifolia,  the 
first  conspicuous  by  the  scent  of  its  minute  blooms, 
and  the  other  by  its  pure  white  flower-spike,  were  in 
flower  in  the  Odontoglossum  house. 

In  other  houses  Ipomcea  Horsfallije  alba  was 
showing  many  flowers,  trained  under  a  rafier  j  the 
late  flowering  Amaryllis  aulicaplatypetala,  a  Brazilian 
species  of  some  beauty  at  this  time  when  the  show- 
ing hybrids  are  at  rest  ;  and  the  /Eschynaolhus 
splendens,  a  plant  every  one  with  a  stove  ought  to 
have,  were  showing  bloom.  As  a  greenhouse  winter 
flowering  plant,  Babingtonia  camphorosma  is  worthy 
of  mention  ;  it  is  not  showy  in  any  stage,  but  it  is 
neat,  elegant,  and  useful,  either  in  the  cut  state  or  on 


6?6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[Nov.  MBER   2^, 


the  plant,  and  blooming  at  this  time  is  an  additional 
merit.  The  colour  is  while,  the  flowers  being  single, 
Silver-like,  and  disposed  in  erect  spikes.  M. 


Greenhouse  Rhododendrons. 
The  collection  ol  greenhouse  Rhododendrons  to 
be  seen  at  the  present  time  is  one  full  of  interest  to 
the  visitor,  for  they  are  not  only  very  attractive,  but 
they  afford  an  illustration  of  how  rapidly  an  improve- 
ment of  a  marked  character  can  be  made  with  a 
flo*er  when  subjected  to  the  operations  of  an  intel- 
ligent cross-breeder. 

The  first  of  the  race— Rhododendron  javanicum— 
was  introduced  from  lava  in  1846,  and  in  1849  K. 
jasminiflora,  a  beautiful  species  with  pure  white 
flowers,  having  a  pink  eye,  came  from  Malacca.  This 
is  a  plant  of  an  intermediate  character,  between  a 
stove  and  a  greenhouse  subject,  and  should  be  grown 
in  an  intermediate-house.  In  i860  R.  Lobbi  was 
introduced  from  Penang,  and  all  three  were  grown  at 
the  Exeter  Nurseries,  by  Mr.  Taylor.  This  came 
from  Mr.  Lobb,  and  proved  of  great  service  by  giving 
salmon  and  buff  colours  :  and  to  all  appearance  gave 
other  tints  also  of  a  desirable  character.  The  f^rst 
cross  made  by  Mr.  Taylor  was  at  Exeter,  between 
javanicum  and  jjsminifloium,  and  from  this  came 
Princess  Royal,  with  long  funnel-shaped  tubular 
flowers  of  a  bright  rose-colour  ;  and  Princess  Alex- 
andra, with  flowers  of  the  same  shape,  pure  white  in 
colour  with  pink  stamens.  There  is  no  doubt  but  that 
the  long-tubed  character  of  the  flowers  was  derived 
from  R.  jasminiflorum. 

The  main  business  of  the  firm  having  been  removed 
from  Exeter  to  Chelsea,  Mr.  Taylor  went  thither  with 
his  Rhododendrons,  and  resumed  operations  in  the 
way  of  crossing.  Lobbi,  javanicum.  and  jasmini- 
florum were  crossed  in  various  ways.  From  this  came 
Duchess  of  Connaught,  bri^h  vermilion-red  ; 
Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  bright  orange-scarlet ;  Taylori, 
bright  pink  ;  Maiden's  Blush,  white,  suffused  with 
the  most  delicate  rose  ;  and  Princess  Fredrica,  soft 
pale  bufl,  becomingly  tinged  with  rose.  Duchess 
of  Edinburgh  appeared  in  1S74  ;  Maiden's  Blush  and 
Princess  Frederica  in  1876  ;  Taylori  in  1877  ; 
Duchess  of  Teck,  bright  buff-yellow,  dashed  with 
orange-scarlet,  and  Prince  Leopold,  salmon-buff,  in 
1879;  Duchess  of  Connaught  in  i83i,  and  Queen 
Victoria,  light  bulT-yellow,  suffused  wiih  rose,  in  1SS2. 
These  were  all  the  results  of  Mr.  Taylor's  work,  and 
all  of  the  varieties  were  awarded  First-class  Certifi- 
cates of  Merit  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

At  this  point  Mr.  Il;al  look  up  the  woik,  and 
crossed  several  of  Mr.  Taylor's  hybrids,  and  any  fine 
seedlings  that  were  available  for  the  purpose,  with 
the  result  that  all  the  new  vaiieties  raised  during  the 
past  three  or  four  years  are  great  improvements  upon 
those  which  preceded  them.  Monarch,  Sir  Garnet 
Wolseley,  Excelsior,  Favourite,  Sit  B.  Seymour,  and 
Aurora  appeared  in  1SS2  ;  Baron  Henri  Schroeder, 
Princess  Christian,  Thomas  Moore,  Scarlet  Crown, 
Diadem,  and  Brilliant,  in  18S3  ;  Princess  BeatriM, 
President,  Empress,  and  Conqueror,  in  1SS4. 
During  the  past  summer  the  following  have  been 
named  ;— Militaire,  Cardinale,  Incarnatum  floribun- 
dum,  Indian  Yellow,  Pearl,  Minerva,  and  Apollo. 
Nearly  all  of  the  foregoing  have  received  Certificates 
of  Merit  from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and 
all  are  single-flowered  types. 

There  are  something  like  three  double-flowered 
varieties,  and  they  originated  in  this  way.  Some 
seed  was  sown  in  1876,  and  among  the  progeny  Mr. 
Heal  noticed  one  flower  with  a  tendency  to  develope 
other  petals  in  the  centre  ;  all  the  flowers  but  this 
were  removed  from  the  truss,  and  it  was  fertilised 
with  its  own  pollen  ■,  from  this  cross  came  Balsamini- 
flora,  rose  ;  Balsaminiflora  alba,  white ;  and  Bal- 
Baminiflora  aurea,  yellow. 

The  seed  of  the  hybrid  Rhododendrons  is  sown  as 
soon  as  ripe  in  a  gentle  heat,  and  it  germinates  in 
three  weeks  or  a  month,  but  some  more  quickly  than 
others.  In  twelve  months  they  arc  in  the  thumb- 
pots,  and  then  grow  on,  and  bloomed  in  48-sized 
pots  ;  but  none  of  them  flower  under  five  years.  But 
little  culture  is  necessary  for  seedlings,  except  that 
the  plants  are  kept  in  a  fitting  temperature,  kept 
clean,  and  not  allowed  to  suffer  for  want  ol  water. 
The  soil  used  is  tvro-thirds  peat,  one-third  loam,  and 
a  little  sand. 

These  Rhododendrons  are  increased  both  by  cuttings 
and  by  grafting.  Cuttings  may  be  put  in  at  any  time 
of  the  year ;  a  shoot  is  taken  off  at  a  joint,  put  into  a 
thumb  pot  of  peaty  soil  with  some  sand  on  the  top  \ 


generally  the  cutting  is  at  the  side  of  the  pot,  and  the 
pots  placed  in  a  gentle  bottom-heat.  In  autumn  two 
months  will  expire  before  they  take  toot  ;  but  in 
spring  they  root  much  more  quickly. 

Grafting  is  the  more  rapid  process  by  which  stock 
is  increased.  The  best  stocks  are  Princess  Royal 
and  Princess  Alexandra.  If  a  graft  be  taken  with  a 
good  well-formed  bud  it  will  flower,  and  it  is  in  this 
way  the  liny  flowering  plants  sometimes  seen  at 
South  Kensington  are  produced. 

The  double  varieties  are  very  persistent  in  the 
duration  of  their  blooms,  and  will  last  six  and  seven 
weeks  in  flower.  They  produce  no  pollen,  and  any 
additions  to  the  group  can  be  obtained  only  by  the 
sell-fertilisation  of  flowers  producing  superabundant 
petals.  R.  D. 


having  flowered  well  with  him  that  season,  and  that 
its  longest  annual  growth  was  9  inches.  Now  aftet  a 
lapse  of  eight  years  it  would,  I  am  sure,  be  useful 
information  to  many  (presuming  that  the  said  planta- 
tion was  made)  to  know  how  this  bank  of  120  Des- 
fontaineas  succeeded,  and  their  condition  and  appear- 
ance at  the  present  time.  There  is  something  so 
quaint  about  its  shining,  spiny.  Holly-like  foliage, 
and  its  singular  Fuchsia-like  flowers.  In  Cornwall  it 
is  quite  at  home,  and  perfectly  hardy  ;  in  fact,  it  is 
comparatively  a  common  shrub  there,  and  I  rcmein- 
ber  seeing  huge  specimens  in  flower  not  long  since  in 
the  highly  ornamental  grounds  of  Scorrier  House, 
near  Truro,  but  I  have  only  met  with  a  few  small 
plants  in  Devonshire,  excepting  at  Chaddlewood, 
Plyrapton,  where  are  some  of  the  finest  specimens  I 
know.  The  Desfontainea  has  never  come  under  my 
notice  in  the  adjoining  counties.    W.  Napptr. 


TREES   AND    SHRUBS. 

Taxus  baccata  fastigiata  (the  Irish  'Vew). 
—  Unique  examples  of  this  very  distinct  variety  of  a 
dark  green  fastigiate  form  are  more  or  less  common 
in  many  of  the  more  important  gardens  of  the  West 
of  England.  In  the  geometrical  garden  at  Monta- 
cule  House,  in  Somersetshire,  are  very  handsome 
specimens,  and  Messrs.  Lacombe,  Pince  &  Co, 
Exeter  Nursery,  have  some  of  the  largest  and  finest  I 
am  familiar  with  (I  say  familiar  advisedly,  for  I  have 
known  these  intimately  from  my  childhood),  and  they 
are  flourishing  in  their  prettily  designed  Italian 
garden.  For  contrast,  there  are  some  admirable 
dwarf  rounded  masses  of  Abies  clanbraziliensis  and 
hemispherical  Golden  Yews,  and  pyramidal  varie- 
gated Hollies,  among  which  some  handsome  vases  are 
interspersed,  the  whole  producing  an  excellent  effect. 
Altogether  there  are  seventy-two  of  these  grand 
formal-looking  Irish  Yews  in  this  Italian  garden. 

SorHORA  violacea. 
From  its  dwarf  and  compact,  early  flowering  habit, 
this  plant  would  seem  to  merit  cultivation  as  a  stove 
flowering  subject.  The  leaves  are  long,  narrow,  and 
pinnate,  with  ovate  and  oblong  obtuse  leaflets.  The 
inflorescence  consists  of  terminal  and  lateral  many- 
flowered  racemes  of  blue  or  violet  coloured  flowers, 
the  individuals  of  which  are  rather  small.  The  upper 
petal  or  standard  is  much  the  larger,  and  serves  to 
give  character  to  the  whole  flower.  The  flowers  are 
abundantly  produced  in  the  wild  state,  and  a  plant 
flowering  lately  in  the  stove  at  Kew  was  only  i  foot 
high.  It  is  a  nitive  of  Ceylon,  and  is  found  near  the 
seashore  on  the  south-west  of  the  island,  about,  or 
not  far  from,  Matura.  The  long  jointed  seed-pods 
produce  seeds  but  sparingly,  and  these,  being  compa- 
ratively large  in  this  as  well  as  other  species,  give  the 
fruit  a  knotted  appearance,  reminding  one  very 
forcibly  of  jointed  Charlock.  This  species  has 
recently  been  introduced  to  this  country,  and  does 
not  seem  to  have  been  figured  anywhere.  J.  B. 

PlCEA    PlNSArO    CONING. 

In  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  October  10  there 
appears  an  illustration  of  Abies  Pinsapo,  or  more 
commonly  called  Picea  Pinsapo  (fig.  99,  p.  465)1 
also  on  p.  46S  an  account  is  given  of  the  above  tree 
bearing  cones  at  Penrhyn  Castle.  Here,  at  Chester- 
ford  Park,  one  tree  is  loaded  with  cones— over  200  ; 
another  with  100,  and  one  with  fifty.  They  do  not 
grow  singly  on  the  branch  as  represented  in  the  illus- 
tration, but  in  groups  of  various  numbers.  I/enry 
Eldridge. 

CastaneA  ruMlLA 
is  to  be  recommended  for  its  dwarf  habit  (3  to  4  feet), 
hardiness,  and  profuse  production  of  catkins  of  white 
flowers,  which  contrast  well  with  the  dark  green 
leaves.  M.  Goeschke,  in  the  Garten  Zcilints,  recom- 
mends that  the  tree  or  bush  be  cut  down  occasion- 
ally, so  as  to  induce  the  formation  of  new  shoots,  on 
which  the  flowering  spikes  are  produced.  It  is  a 
native  of  the  Southern  United  States. 

Desfontainea  sriNOSA. 
I  notice  that  during  November  and  December  of 
1877  there  was  much  interesting  correspondence  con- 
cerning this;  charming  Peruvian  evergreen  flowering 
shrub  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  at  p.  7S7, 
vol.  viii.,  Mr.  G.  Dodd,  of  Woodstock  Park,  Kil- 
kenny, promised  to  plant  a  bank  of  rockwork  with 
ten  dozen  plants  at  600  feet  above  sea-level.  He 
also  speaks  of  a  specimen,  3  feet  9  inches  by  4  feet, 


JhE    ^pRCHlD    JioUgE. 

SEASONABLE  NOTES  :  CATTLEYAS. 
The  weather  during  the  first  half  of  November  has 
been  more  than  usually  trying  to  Orchids  of  all 
sections  ;  but  there  is,  I  fancy,  most  danger  of  the 
occupants  of  the  intermediate-house  being  injured 
during  a  long  spell  of  dull  weather.  The  right 
thing  to  do  under  the  present  trying  conditions  is  to 
avoid  unduly  exciting  the  plants  into  growth.  Take 
the  Cattleyas,  for  instance.  We  have  in  our  house 
two  descriptions  of  plants— those  that  made  their 
growth  very  early,  and  those  that  made  late  growths, 
or  have  not  yet  completed  them.  With  large  speci- 
mens of  such  Cattleyas  as  C.  Mossise,  C.  Mendelii, 
C.  TiianK,  ike,  there  is  no  difficulty  ;  they  make 
their  growths  steadily  after  the  flowering  period  is 
over,  and  steadily  rest  until  it  is  time  to  develope 
their  beauties,  which  they  do  with  regularity.  On 
the  other  hand,  recently  imported  plants  that  have 
not  fl  jwered— or,  perhaps,  have  done  so  once  only — 
are  with  difficulty  restrained;  they  made  strong 
flowering  growths  in  the  summer,  and  unless  most 
skilfully  controlled  they  will  again  start  into  growth 
at  most  uncertain  periods  during  the  autumn  and  early 
winter  months. 

How  is  this  unseasonable  and  useless  growth  to  be 
prevented  ?  It  cannot  be  prevented  entirely,  but  it 
may  be  held  in  check  by  close  attention  to  the  habit 
and  vigour  of  the  plants.  When  a  very  vigorous 
young  plant  has  made  its  growth  it  ought  to  be 
kept  rather  dry  at  the  roots,  and  in  a  cooler,  more 
airy  place.  This  is  all  that  can  be  attempted  at 
present.  We  have  many  plants  of  recently  imported 
Cattleyas  and  Lalias  which  are  yet  in  all  stages  of 
developement  and  formation  of  their  pseudobulbs. 
We  have  placed  such  in  the  lightest  and  warmest 
part  of  the  house,  where  they  will  continue 
slowly  to  develope  their  growths  through  the  winter 
months. 

Some  of  the  Fleiones  have  gone  out  of  bloom, 
others  yet  continue  to  develope  their  delicate  beauty 
and  tracery  of  colouring  in  the  gloom  of  this  murky 
month.  They  should  be  potted  once  in  two  years, 
and  as  soon  as  they  go  out  of  bloom.  The  young 
rootlets  are  already  pushing  out  from  the  point  where 
next  season's  flowering  bulb  is  starting,  and  the  sooner 
they  are  potted  the  less  probability  there  is  of  injury. 
Some  people  grow  them  in  shallow  Orchid-pans  ;  I 
fancy  they  grow  stronger  in  ordinary  flower-pots. 
The  pots  during  the  season  become  full  of  roots  ;  a 
sure  sign  that  they  require  more  space  than  shallow 
pans  can  possibly  afford  them. 

Enough  has  been  said  about  Vanda  ccerulea,  but 
these  are  now  in  full  beauty  here,  arranged  in  a  group 
with  Ferns  and  other  plants.  They  remain  a  long 
time  in  flower  at  this  season,  if  the  atmosphere  is 
kept  rather  dry,  and  the  temperature  not  more  than 
50°  to  55°  at  night.  The  roots  are  not  very  active  at 
present,  and  the  plants  do  not  require  much  water. 
Cymbidiums  are  now  growing  freely  ;  indeed,  this  is 
a  good  time  to  repot  any  of  them  that  may  require  it, 
especially  such  as  C.  Lowianum.  The  flower-spikes 
of  this  species  are  now  pushing  from  the  base  of  the 
last  formed  pseudobulbs ;  when  this  takes  place  they 
may  be  repotted.  Some  persons  use  peat  only; 
others  loam  and  peat  mixed  ;  while  they  have  been 
found  to  do  well  in  soil  used  for  bedding  plants. 

The  ordinary  daily  management  of  the  houses  con- 
sists in  keeping  up  a  night  temperature  of  about  55', 


NOVFMREK   28,    1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


687 


falling  to  50"  in  cold  weather.  The  amount  of  eva- 
poration must  be  regulated  by  the  weather.  In  close 
damp  weather  use  water  sparingly,  and  more  freely 
when  the  pipes  have  been  well  heated  to  keep  out 
sharp  frosts.  The  atmosphere  may  be  too  dry,  but  it 
is  more  likely  to  be  too  moist,  and  it  is  better  to  err 
on  the  dry  side, 

Odontoglossum  cirrosum  and  other  Orchids. 
I  grow  this  species  in  the  Cattleya-house  during 
the  winter  months,  and  in  the  cool-house  in  summer. 
When  they  were  grown  in  another  cool-house,  well 
exposed  to  the  sun  in  winter,  they  did  not  require 
removal  to  the  Cattleya-house.  Our  cool-house  is 
now  a  lean-to,  with  a  north  aspect,  and  plants  that 
succeeded  well  in  the  old  house  will  not  do  in  this 
during  winter.  The  O.  cirrosum  is  an  illustration  ; 
the  plants  would  all  have  been  dead  by  this  time  if 
they  had  not  been  removed  to  the  intermediate-house 
in  winter ;  this  was  proved  by  keeping  some  of  the 
plants  in  the  cool-house.  We  grow  the  O.  Rossi 
majus  and  O.  Cervantesii  in  the  cool-house ;  they 
are  there  now,  and  are  doing  well — just  as  well 
as  the  O.  cirrosum  are  doing  in  the  Catlleya-housc. 
Coelogyne  cristata,  Lslia  anceps,  and  Lycastes 
we  grow  in  the  Cattleya-house.  Referring  for 
a  moment  to  Lycaste  Skinneri,  we  had  two  plants 
in  the  cool-house  which  made  no  progress.  I  moved 
one  of  them  into  the  Cattleya-house,  with  the  result 
that  this  plant  very  speedily  grew  away  with  much 
greater  vigour  than  the  other  still  in  the  cool-house  ; 
that  plant  was  ultimately  removed  into  the  warmer 
house,  where  theyare  both  doing  well.  I  well  remember 
the  magnificent  specimens  of  Lycaste  Skinneri  grown 
by  Mr.  Ward  at  The  Poplars,  Leyton,  in  a  cool- 
house  not  any  warmer  than  our  own  ;  we  have  treated 
them  the  same,  but  cannot  command  a  like  success  ; 
I  am,  therefore,  quite  prepared  to  admit  that  it  is  not 
easy  to  lay  down  a  general  rule  as  to  the  treatment  ol 
Orchids,  but  cannot  admit  that  it  is  impossible  to  do 
so.  It  is  quite  possible,  if  all  the  cultural  details  are 
given,  and  the  conditions  under  which  the  plants  are 
grown.  I  believe  success  is  attained  in  every  branch 
of  horticulture  and  floriculture  by  attention  to  the 
most  minute  details  of  the  work,  and  have  constantly 
urged  the  desirability  of  this.  The  position  in  which 
the  plants  are  placed  in  the  house  is  of  very  great 
importance  also.  The  plants  of  Odontoglossum  Rossi 
majus  and  O.  Cervantesii  are  suspended  close  to  the 
glass  in  baskets  in  our  cool-house  :  perhaps  they 
would  not  succeed  so  well  as  they  do  if  they  were 
placed  on  the  stage. 

L.-elia  autumnalis  and  L.  majalis  require  rather 
different  treatment  ;  we  are  tryinj  about  a  dozen 
plants  of  each  placed  quite  close  to  the  glass,  and 
well  exposed  to  the  sun,  in  a  warm  greenhouse  tem- 
perature, 40°  to  45°  in  winter,  with  ample  ventilation, 
keeping  the  plants  very  dry  at  the  roots,  but  not 
altogether  without  water.  I  have  been  successful  in 
growing  and  flowering  L.  autumnalis  year  after  year, 
but  cannot  boast  of  a  like  success  with  L.  majalis, 
y.  Douglas. 


The  next  two  months  is  the  most  trying  time  for 
bedding-out  plants  which,  by  being  kept  too  closely 
shut  up,  damp  and  mddew  will  attack  them.  Air 
should  be  given  freely  on  fine  days,  and  keep  the 
plants  carefully  looked  over  and  all  decayed  matter 
should  be  removed.  See  that  all  pits  and  frames  are 
well  protected  at  night  ;  all  tender  plants,  such 
as  CoIeMS  and  Alternantheras,  should  have  a  minimum 
temperature  of  60° — they  do  not  winter  well  in  a 
lower  temperature,  but  most  of  the  other  flower  garden 
plants  will  winter  and  be  all  the  better  in  a  tempera- 
ture of  40*  to  50°  if  they  are  kept  dry  both  as  to  soil 
and  atmosphere.  Always  water  on  fine  days,  and 
give  plenty  of  air  to  dry  the  plants  off. 

Transplanting. 

As  the  weather  keeps  mild  this  work  should  be 
pressed  forward  with  all  possible  speed,  so  as  to  com- 
plete it  before  a  change  takes  place.  When  frost  and 
snow  set  in  there  will  be  but  little  chance  of  delicate 
shrubs  succeeding,  as  the  temperature  of  the  soil 
decreases  so  rapidly  at  this  season,  and  the  atmo- 


spheric conditions  are  also  most  unfavourable  to 
growth.  The  operation  of  transplanting  should  not 
be  delayed  a  day  longer  than  is  necessary.  This 
work  should  be  performed  skilfully  and  quickly  with 
gteat  care  not  to  expose  the  tender  roots  to  the  cfftct 
of  the  cold  cutting  winds,  which  is  the  cause  of  so 
many  failures,  and  cannot  be  too  strongly  condemned. 
To  obviate  this  mats  should  be  in  readiness.  As  soon 
as  the  tree  or  shrub  is  taken  up  the  roots  should  be 
covered  till  it  is  replanted.  Before  commencing  to 
plant  either  trees  or  shrubs  the  object  and  use  for 
which  they  are  ultimately  intended  should  be  duly 
considered,  and  only  select  such  trees  and  shrubs 
whose  habits  and  characters  are  found  more  suitable 
for  the  purpose  intended.  Due  care  should  be  taken 
to  plant  such  kinds  only  as  will  succeed  in  the  soil 
and  situation  to  be  planted.  Inattention  to  these 
matters  is 400  frequently  the  cause  of  failure  and  dis- 
appointment. Great  care  and  attention  should  be 
paid  to  digging  large  holes,  and  where  the  soil  is  bad 
good  fresh  soil  should  be  provided  to  plant  the  trees 
and  shrubs  in.  As  the  operation  proceeds  every 
plant  should  be  watered  and  mulched  with  litter, 
which  protects  them  from  frost  and  also  from  the 
cutting  north-east  wind  in  spring.  The  soil  should 
be  made  firm  round  the  stem  and  roots,  and  the  stem 
firmly  secured  against  wind  and  storms.  IV.  Smythe, 
The  Gardens ^  Basing  Park^  Alton. 


JhE      pF^OPAQATOR. 


THE   PROPAGATION   OF  CONIFERS. 

{Continued  from  p.  1-21.') 

The  Thuiopsis  varieties  are  excellent  for  ornamental 
purposes.  In  small  pots  they  will  last  a  considerable 
time  in  healthy  condition,  and  are,  therefore,  very 
useful  for  the  decoration  of  cool  conservatories 
and  winter  gardens.  A  general  batch  of  the  cuttings 
should  be  taken  at  this  lime  of  the  year, 

1  hiiiopsis  dolabratix  — For  the  cuttings  ripe  and 
well  developed  pieces  of  the  side  growths,  from  23  to 
3  inches  in  length,  should  be  selected.  The  boUtoms 
uf  the  stems  should  be  levelled  with  a  sharp  knife, 
and  any  small  leaves  for  an  inch  up  the  stems  should 
be  trimmed  ofT.  Twelve  pieces  can  be  dibbled  round 
the  edge  of  a  48'pot,  and  four  in  the  middle.  Each 
piece  should  be  pressed  in  firmly,  and  the  holes 
caused  by  dibbling  should  be  filled  up  with  dry  sand. 
After  having  been  watered  the  cutting-pots  should 
be  placed  on  a  cold  bottom  in  a  shallow  case  or 
frame.  While  in  the  frame  they  must  not  be 
watered  overhead,  but  with  a  fine  spout-pot,  and 
this  must  be  done  carefully  to  prevent  the  soil  being 
washed  up.  Air  must  be  given  for  an  hour  in  the 
morning  and  for  half-an  hour  in  the  afternoon,  and 
on  sunny  days  they  must  be  shaded.  As  soon  as  the 
cuttings  are  well  rooted,  the  lights  of  the  frame 
should  be  raised  an  inch,  and  le(t  so  day  and  night, 
and  as  the  plants  gain  strength  the  lights  should 
be  raised  higher  and  higher,  until  at  length  they  arc 
strong  enough  to  be  stood  out  upon  the  open  platform 
of  the  house.  They  should  be  kept  out  upon  the 
open  platform  for  about  ten  days,  and  then  be 
potted  otY  into  small  60-pots.  After  having  been 
watered  they  should  be  placed  on  a  coal-ash  bottom 
on  a  front  platform.  The  hou^e,  by  the  way,  should 
be  heated  just  enough  to  keep  out  the  frost. 

When  the  plants  have  rooted  through  small  6o's 
they  should  be  potted  into  small  48's,  watered,  and 
replaced  on  the  platform.  They  can  be  potted  again 
when  they  are  strong  enough.  They  should  be  care- 
fully watered  during  the  winter  months,  and  not 
allowed  to  become  dry.  As  soon  as  the  plants  are 
well  developed  they  can  be  taken  to  a  cold  house 
or  frame,  to  be  taken  from  thence  and  used  for  deco- 
rative purposes  as  required. 

The  cuttings  of  T.  dolabrata  variegata,  T.  borealis, 
T.  b.  variegata,  and  most  of  the  Cupressus,  can  be 
treated  in  a  similar  way  after  they  have  been  potted, 
but,  unlike  T.  dolabrata,  it  is  better  to  pot  these 
cuttings  into  long  thumb-pots, 

The  soil  for  the  cuttings  should  be  made  up  of 
half  good  yellow  loam,  quarter  peat,  and  quarter 
sand  and  additional  small  quantifies  of  charcoal  and 
potsherds,  both  finely  broken  up.  The  soil  should  be 
well  mixed  together  and  sifted  and  rubbed  through  a 
quarter-inch-sieve.  48-sized  pots  or  deep  pans  should 
be  used  for  the  cuttings  of  T.  dolabrata.  The  pots 
should  be  well  drained  and  filled  with  the  soil 
abovenamed,  pressed  in  level  with  the  rim  of  the  pot. 
The  soil  should  be  watered  before  the  cuttings  are 
dibbled  in. 

When  theiplants  are  potted  into  6o's  and  afterwards, 
the  soil  used  should  be  composed  of  half  good  yellow 
loam,  quarter  leaf-mould,  and  quarter  river*sand,  and 
small  quantities  of  charcoal  and  ballast,    T.  0'B% 


pFJUITS     'IJnDEF^     '{^LA33. 

PEACHES  AND  NECTAr<INES. 
In  the  second  division  all  ordinary  work,  as 
cleansing  the  house,  &c.,  should  be  done  off-hand. 
I^rune  the  trees,  and  wash  them  with  weak  soapy 
water  and  a  soft  brush,  and  after  cleaning  the  trellis, 
regulate  and  tie  the  trees  to  it  again.  Take  about 
3  inches  of  the  old  stulT  off  the  surface  of  the  border, 
and  replace  it  with  fresh  material  of  a  similar  nature, 
and  afterwards  mulch  and  well  saturate  the  border 
with  water,  and  all  will  be  ready  for  starting  the 
trees  at  the  lime  appointed. 

Late  Peacheries. 
These  of  late  years  have  wonderfully  increased  in 
numbers  by  reason  of  many  of  the  old  Peach  walls 
being  now  covered  with  glass  constructions.  This 
move  undoubtedly  is  in  the  right  direction,  particularly 
when  the  variableness  of  our  climate,  and  its  detri- 
mental effects  on  these  subjects  when  fully  ex- 
posed to  the  elements,  is  duly  considered.  The 
reasonable  cost  of  appliances  now-a-days  also  has 
materially  conduced  towards  the  same  end,  so 
that  with  structures,  and  the  means  in  them  to 
exclude  frost,  with  proper  attention,  the  crops 
may  safely  be  depended  on  under  any  external  con- 
di;ions  whatever.  As  Peach  and  Nectarine  trees  can 
be  transplanted  and  moved  so  readily  when  they 
have  been  properly  planted  beforehand  without  much 
damage  to  them  being'  apprehended,  no  hesitation 
need  exist  in  the  mind  of  growers  of  limited  experi- 
ence about  loss  accruing  to  the  subsequent  crop 
through  the  operation.  It  more  often  happens  that 
this  is  made  even  more  satisfactory  in  every  way. 
Trees  of  a  reasonable  size,  or  others  can  with  safety 
be  moved  at  any  time  when  not  frosty  in  the  interval 
between  November  and  March.  Although  it  is 
computed  by  some  that  great  advantages  result  from 
early  planting  of  these  subjects,  I  have  as  yet  failed 
to  discover  any,  and  prefer,  under  whatever  condi- 
tions the  trees  are  placed,  to  let  the  wood  of  the 
current  year's  growth  be  as  well  matured  as  possible, 
before  doing  so.  In  the  process  of  planting  the  chief 
matter  to  see  to  at  the  time,  is  to  have  the  roots  moist 
and  to  embed  ihem  firmly  in  the  soil,  and  keep  them 
moist  subsequently.  Any  trees  in  an  unsatisfactory 
state  should  have  the  roots  seen  to  now,  and  those 
that  are  over-exuberant  should  be  partially  lifted, 
the  roots  shortened,  and  replanted.  G.  T.  Mills, 
Wycoinhc  Abbey. 


w 


ROOTS. 

It  would  be  advisable  to  lift  from  the  open  quarters 
at  once  such  roots  as  the  following  :— Asparagus, 
Parsnips,  Jerusalem  Artichokes,  and  Horse  Radish 
—just  sufficient  for  a  few  weeks'  supply  in  case 
sudden  sharp  frosts  should  harden  the  ground  and 
stop  the  lifting  from  open  quarters.  These  should  be 
laid  in  close  together  where  protection  will  prevent 
the  soil  freezing  much,  so  that  a  few  thongs  may  be 
drawn  out  for  use  at  any  time,  no  matter  how  severe 
the  weather  may  be.  The  bulk  of  the  main  lot  of 
Parsnips  and  late  sown  Carrots  will  be  best  left  in  the 
ground  and  dug  up  as  required. 

The  main  sowing  of  Carrots  which  have  completed 
their  growth  should  now  be  lifted,  trimmed  and 
stored  in  a  cool  cellar,  or  in  a  clump  out-of-doors, 
similar  to  Potatos.  When  storing,  reject  all  damaged 
and  split  roots  from  the  bulk, 

Seakale  roots  which  are  intended  to  be  removed 
from  the  open  ground  and  forced  under  cover,  should 
be  lifted  at  once.  Until  required  for  forcing  they 
should  be  laid  in  thickly  in  well  drained  soil,  and  the 
crowns  protected  from  frost  with  leaves  and  litter, 
When  lifting  the  plants  save  all  the  largest  thongs  for 
making  cuttings  for  next  spring's  planting. 

The  cutting  may  be  made  at  once,  or  the  roots 
selected  for  this  purpo.se  may  be  placed  in  damp  soil 
in  a  shed,  or  out-of-doors  under  protection.  The 
cuttings  can  then  be  made  at  convenience  when  the 
weather  is  unfavourable  for  other  work.  Permanent 
plantations  of  Seakale  and  Rhubarb  should  have  some 
leaves  and  litter  placed  over  the  crowns,  and  on  the 
approach  of  severe  weather  some  Rhubarb  roots 
should  be  lifted  for  forcing.  G.  H.  Richards,  Somerley. 


688 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,   1X85. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

iSale  of   Pulch  Bulbs,  Roses,  Fruit  Trees, 
&C-,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale    of    Dutch     Uulbs,   at    Protheroe    & 
iMnrris'  Rooms. 

Bulbs,  &c..  ; 


Tuesday, 


Dc. 


Wednesday,  Dei 


,  Sale  of  Roses,   Plants, 
I  \      City    Auction    Rooms,    by    Protheroe   & 
I      Morris, 
r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  Frui 


r  Annual   General  Meeting   of  the   National 
Rose  Society. 
Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids. 
id  5000  Lilium  auratum,  &c.,  at  Stevens' 


Saturday, 


Rooms. 
Sale    of     Dutch    Bulbs,    at 

Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Imparted  Orchids,  J 


Protheroe    & 
:  Protheroe  ft 


D'C-    5.    Sal 


t  Protheroe  &  Morn 


'"pHE  announcement  that  at  the  end  of  this 
J-  month  Kew  Gardens  will  be  without  a 
Hooker  at  their  head  will  be  read  not  only 
with  regret,  but  with  something  approaching  to 
consternation.  Kew  and  HOOKER,  HOOKER 
and  Kew,  were,  as  it  seemed,  so  inseparably 
combined  that  no  severance  could  take  place. 
If  a  Hooker  did  not  plant  the  seed  he  trans- 
ferred it  from  the  seed-bed  and  nursed  it  till  it 
became  a  goodly  tree,  while  another  Hooker 
still  further  developed  the  tree  till  it  bore 
abundantly  of  flower  and  fruit  and  seed.  In 
painer  terms,  Sir  William  Hooker  found  the 
garden  at  its  lowest  ebb.  Shortly  before  his 
accession  to  the  office  of  Director,  to  such  a 
state  of  stagnation  had  the  garden  arrived  that  it 
was  seriously  proposed  to  hand  over  the  collec- 
tions to  the  Horticultural  Society.  In  conse- 
quence of  the  report  and  recommendation  of 
the  former  Editor  of  this  journal.  Sir  William 
(then  Dr.)  Hooker  removed  from  Glasgow, 
where  he  had  already  done  wonders  in  estab- 
lishing and  maintaining  a  botanical  correspond- 
ence and  interchange  of  plants  with  all  parts  of 
the  world,  and  assumed  the  post  of  Director  of 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew.  Those  who  remem- 
ber the  old  state  of  things,  speak  of  Hooker's 
transforming  touch  as  something  magical.  By 
his  clear-headedness,  his  untiring  diligence  and 
zeal,  his  extensive  knowledge,  his  stately  cour- 
tesy, and  the  encouragement  he  extended  to  all 
occupied  in  horticulture  and  botany,  he  raised 
Kew  in  a  very  short  time  from  its  low  estate, 
and  with  the  assistance  of  the  ex- Curator,  who 
still  survives,  made  it  the  botanic  garden  of 
Europe.  Actually  dying  in  harness,  at  a  ripe 
old  age,  just  twenty  years  ago.  Sir  William 
was  succeeded  in  the  directorate  by  Dr.  (now 
Sir  Joseph)  Hooker.  The  career  of  the  son 
is  well  known,  at  least  its  main  features,  to 
every  botanist,  and  to  most  gardeners.  His  early 
travels  in  the  antarctic  regions  with  Sir  James 
Ross,  his  adventurous  wanderings  in  Sikkim 
Himalaya,  whence  he  introduced  so  many  of 
the  glorious  Rhododendrons,  gave  him  fame,  if 
not  fortune,  and  on  his  return  from  India  he 
occupied  himself  with  the  determination  and 
distribution  of  the  immense  collections  made 
by  himself  and  Dr.  Thomson,  and  shortly  after 
became  Assistant-Director  of  the  Gardens  under 
his  father,  so  that  on  the  decease  of  Sir 
William  in  1865  it  was  universally  felt  that  he, 
and  he  alone,  was  a  fit  successor. 

During  the  twenty  years  that  have  elapsed, 
the  record  of  Kew  is  one  that  the  proudest 
administrator  might  envy ;  the  area  has  been 
greatly  extended,  the  succulent-house,  the 
T-range,  have  been  erected,  old  houses  have 
been  removed,  the  herbaceous  ground  re- 
modelled, the  fruticetum  and  rock  garden  con- 
structed, the  arboretum  vastly  extended,  the 
museums  (three  in  number)  greatly  enlarged 
and  improved,  the  new  herbarium  built,  the 
"  North "  gallery  installed,  the  Laboratory 
erected.  The  two  latter  establishments  testify 
to  the  confidence  reposed  m  the  Director. 
Such  munificent  gifts  would  never  have  been 


made  to  the  public  had  there  not  been  a 
general  admiration  of  the  administrative  ability 
and  competence  of  the  Director.  While  all 
this  new  work  has  been  undertaken  and  carried 
to  a  successful  issue  the  maintenance  and 
improvement  of  the  old  have  been  such  as 
to  elicit  admiration;  and  herein  the  chief  has 
been  well  seconded  by  the  Assistant-Director, 
Mr.  Dyer,  Mr.  John  Smith  (who  occupies 
the  same  position  that  his  namesake  did  under 
the  directorate  of  Sir  Willia.m),  and  the  other 
oflScers  of  the  establishment. 

So  far  we  have  alluded  to  results  which  all 
can  see  for  themselves,  but  all  the  time  that 
this  work  of  extension,  supervision,  and  main- 
tenance has  been  going  on,  a  vast  amount  of 
work  has  been  thrown  upon  Sir  Joseph,  or 
rather  he  has  himself  developed  it  in  connec- 
tion with  India  and  our  colonies.  The  father, 
Sir  William,  early  endeavoured  to  make  Kew 
the  great  botanical  centre  of  the  English- 
speaking  world,  and  the  idea  has  been  fully 
developed  by  the  son.  Kew  is  now  the  head 
centre  of  a  series  of  botanic  gardens  and 
similar  establishments  throughout  the  empire. 
The  diffusion  of  information,  the  interchange 
of  plants  has  been  most  beneficial,  but  it  has 
entailed  on  the  directorate  at  Kew  a  vast 
amount  of  correspondence  on  all  matters  con- 
nected not  only  with  scientific  botany  but  with 
practical  or  economic  botany,  and  with  methods 
of  cultivation.  In  this  way  Kew  has  taken  a 
large  share  in  the  collection  and  dispersal 
of  the  Cinchonas  in  India  and  elsewhere, 
which  is  of  untold  and  ever-increasing  value. 
A  similar  statement  may  be  made  with  refer- 
ence to  Tea,  to  Gutta-percha,  and  Caoutchouc 
yielding  trees,  and  to  very  many  more  useful 
plants  distributed  mainly  through  the  agency 
of  Kew.  This  is,  indeed,  a  vast  work,  but  one 
of  which  but  few  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
annual  visitors  to  Kew  know  anything.  While 
all  these  labours  have  been  carried  out  uninter- 
mittingly  Sir  Joseph  has  found  time  to  under- 
take and  carry  through  an  amount  of  purely 
scientific  work  which  if  he  had  done  nothing  else 
would  have  of  itself  been  considered  remarkable. 
We  have  not  space  to  do  more  than  mention  his 
many  classical  papers,  on  systematic  Botany 
and  Botanical  Geography,  his  Floras  of  the 
antarctic  regions,  of  New  Zealand,  of  Tasmania, 
and  his  co-operation  with  the  late  Mr.  Bentham 
in  the  elaboration  of  the  Genera  Plan/arum. 
When  one  calls  to  mind  the  amount  of  detail 
and  drudgery  which  must  have  been  encoun- 
tered to  bring  such  works  to  a  conclusion  it 
becomes  a  matter  of  astonishment  how  in  the 
midst  of  the  official  duties  of  administration  so 
much  can  have  been  achieved.  But  this  is 
not  all.  While  all  this  was  in  progress  Sir 
Joseph,  abandoning  the  traditions  of  his  early 
education,  warmly  adopted  the  now  generally 
accepted  Darwinian  views  of  evolution,  took 
his  share  in  the  government  of  the  Linnean, 
the  Geographical,  the  Geological,  the  Royal, 
and  of  other  Societies.  For  a  few  years 
he  filled  the  chair  of  Newton  at  the  Royal 
Society  ;  he  has  presided  over  the  British 
Association,  and  taken  much  active  interest 
in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  over  the 
Scientific  Committee  of  which  he  has  presided 
for  some  years. 

It  is  no  matter  for  wonder  that  Sir  Joseph 
should,  after  twenty  years'  such  labour,  varied 
by  travel  in  Western  America,  and  in  Syria, 
and  in  the  far  less  accessible  Morocco,  desire 
to  be  relieved  from  the  strain  and  responsibility 
of  official  duties,  but  his  reasons  are  charac- 
teristic. The  Flora  of  British  India  has  occu- 
pied several  years  to  bring  it  to  its  present  state, 
with  the  assistance  of  several  collaborators  ;  at 
least  a  third  remains  to  be  accomplished. 
Apart  from  his  pre-eminent  capabilities  as  a 
botanist  Sir  Joseph  has  a  knowledge  of  local 
and  special  matters  relating  to  Indian  botany 


that  no  one  else  possesses,  oris  likely  to  possess. 
To  obtain  leisure  to  complete  the  Flora  of 
India  is,  then,  one  of  the  main  reasons  which 
have  induced  Sir  Joseph  to  tender  his  resigna- 
tion. It  is  some  satisfaction  to  know  that  the 
completion  of  this  work  will  necessitate  his 
frequent  presence  at  Kew  (though  in  an  unofficial 
capacity).  There,  in  the  noble  herbarium  origi- 
nally formed  by  his  father,  so  largely  extended 
by  himself,  and  in  which  so  much  of  his  own 
life  and  work  has  been  spent.  Sir  JOSEPH  will, 
it  is  to  be  hoped,  find  leisure  to  complete 
those  works  which  heretofore  must  have  been 
sadly  hampered  by  administrative  duties. 

In  any  case  we  respectfully  offer  to  Sir 
Joseph,  on  his  retirement,  the  expression  of 
our  admiration  and  gratitude  for  his  botanical 
services,  and  for  the  proud  consciousness  that, 
much  as  we  may  be  behind  some  nations  in 
certain  branches  of  science,  in  no  country  in 
the  world  is  there  an  establishment  of  like 
nature  which  can  take  rank  with  Kew. 


Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  Edinburgh. 

— We  have  obtained  through  our  reporter  a  skeleton 
report  of  the  fruits  of  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Canada. 
That  for  England,  which  was  represented  by  sixteen 
counties,  and  Wales  by  one,  will  appear,  together 
with  more  detailed  information,  in  our  next  issue. 
The  exhibits  noticed  are  stated  to  be  the  most 
important  of  the  show. 

"Holly  Leaves  " — The  Christmas  Num- 
ber of  the  Iltustraled  Sporting  and  Dramatic  News 
has  been  published,  and  will  be  found  varied  and 
attractive.  The  woodcuts  are  numerous  and  good, 
and  the  coloured  plate  alone  worth  the  money. 

Linnean  Society  of  London.— A  meet- 
ing will  be  held  on  Thursday,  December  3,  at  8  P.M., 
when  the  following  papers  will  be  read  :  — I.  "  On 
Cistilloa  elaslici  and  some  allied  plants,"  Sir  J.  D. 
Hooker.  2.  "  EITicis  of  the  Solar  Spectrum  on 
the  Transpiration  in  Plants,"  Rev.  G.  Henslow. 
3.  "Parasites  collected  by  the  late  Charles 
Darwin,"  Professor  Cobbold.  4.  "Variations 
of  the  Cirri  in  Comatute,"  P.  H.  Carpenter. 

BBURRfi  Clairgeau. — Mr.  Evvbank  writes 

that,  not  having  the  record  at  hand  when  he  wrote 
previously,  he  under-estimated  the  produce  of  this 
tree.  We  now  learn  that  from  one  tree  the  gar- 
dener plucked  manu  propria  300  large  Pears.  At 
least  another  hundred  were  gathered  early  to  obviate 
damage  by  the  wind,  or  were  blown  off.  These 
windfalls  were  all  utilised  in  one  way  or  another. 

"JOtJRNAL  OF  the  SCOTTISH  METEORO- 
LOGICAL Society. — This  valuable  publication  con- 
tains the  third  of  Mr.  Buchan's  papers  on  the 
climate  of  the  British  Isles,  and  which  is  devoted  to 
the  consideration  of  the  rainfall.  Mr.  BucHAN  here 
has  made  use  of  the  very  extensive  series  of  records 
got  together  by  Mr.  Symons.  The  heaviest  rainfall 
— 80  inches  and  upwards — occurs  in  Skye,  the  Lake 
district,  and  the  mountain  districts  of  Wales.  Dart- 
moor is  nearly  as  wet,  as  also  is  Gal  way.  In  the  Lake 
district,  at  Stye,  the  rainfall  amounts  to  as  much  as 
185  9  inches,  at  Beddgelert,  in  W'ales,  to  116  9  inches. 
The  smallest  rainfall,  from  22—25  inches,  occurs  in  the 
south-eastern  districts.  Everywhere  it  is  seen  that 
the  key  to  the  distribution  of  the  rainfall  is  the  direc- 
tion of  the  rain-bringing  winds,  to  the  physical  con- 
figuration of  the  surface.  Tables  are  given  showing 
the  mean  annual  rainfall  for  547  places  in  Scotland, 
loSo  in  England  and  Wales,  and  213  in  Ireland. 
Papers  follow  on  the  meteorology  of  Ben  Nevis,  of 
Culloden  in  Inverness-shire,  of  Dundee,  Central  Uru- 
guay, San  Antonio  (Buenos  Ayres),  of  the  several 
northern  lighthouses,  as  well  as  tabular  results  of  very 
numerous  stations  in  Scotland,  the  whole  forming  a 
most  valuable  mass  of  statistical  information  for  future 


"  AUSTRALIAN  Orchids."— The  last  part  of 

this  valuable  publication,  embodying  the  observations 
of  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  and  with  full-sijed  illustrationa 
and  copious  analytical  details,  is  before  us.  The 
species  figured  and  described  are  Eriochilus  autum- 
nalis  and  scaber,  Caladenia  reticulata  and  leptochila, 
Bolbophyllum  minutissimum,  Galeola  Ledger!, 
Cljiloglottis  trilabris,  diphylla,  Gunnii  and  Muelleri; 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cryptostylis  longifolia,  C.  ovata,  Pterostylisrecurva  and 
tutfoss,  Cleisostoma  Beckleri,  C.  Keffordii,  Thely- 
mitra  crinita  and  T.  mucida.  Very  few  of  these 
would  find  favour  wilh  those  who  grow  Orchids  only 


mentioned  in  our  columns  as  the  tiniest  of  Orchids. 
It  looks  more  like  a  Jungermannia  at  first  glance 
than  an  Orchid.  It  grows  on  rocks  in  wet  situa- 
tions exposed  to  the  sun  at  Ballina,  on  the  Richmond 


Fig,  154.— dicksonia  lathami. 


as  pretty  flowers,  but  to  real  Orchid  lovers  and 
students  many  of  them  are  of  very  great  interest,  and 
by  them  Mr.  Fitzgerald's  notes  and  illustrations 
will  be  very  highly  valued,  as  indeed  they  deserve  to 
be.     Bolbophyllum  minutissimum  has  already  been 


River,  and  was  first  found  in  1849  on  the 
site  where  now  the  city  of  Sydney  stands.  It  is  one 
of  those  species  likely  soon  to  disappear.  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald shows  that  it  is  distinct  either  from  Dendro- 
bium  or  Bolbophyllum.  Contrasting  strongly  with  this 


is  Galeola  Ledger!,  the  subject  of  the  next  plate. 
This  is  the  largest  Orchid  in  Australia,  and  is  found 
in  the  same  locality  as  the  preceding.  It  is  worthy  a 
place  in  the  collection  for  its  showy  appearance.  It 
is  an  epiphyte  growing  on  trees,  with  no  true  leaves, 
but  leaf-like  bracts  at  the  base  of  the  main  branches  of 
the  inflorescence.  J'rom  the  nodes  opposite  to  these 
bracts,  and  also  from  the  ordinary  nodes,  proceed  long 
roots  [?]  which  dilate  at  the  distal  end  into  flat  some- 
times lobed  and  digitate  expansions,  by  means  of 
which  it  adheres  to  the  trees.  These  are  very  curious, 
and  their  development  and  structure  should  be  studied 
by  those  who  have  the  chance.  The  yellow  flowers 
are  numerous,  in  loose  branching  panicles,  sometimes 
6  feet  in  length,  by  3  feet  in  breadth.  Each  flower 
measures  ij  inch  and  upwards  across.  The  five 
segments  are  oblong  acute,  waxy,  dull  yellow,  the 
lip  projecting,  trowel-shaped,  rosy-pink  in  colour,  and 
covered  with  numerous  irregular  fleshy  lobe-like 
processes.  Chiloglottis  trilabra  has  all  three  petals 
lip-like,  as  happens  in  cases  of  peloria,  but  the  lip 
still  differs  from  the  other  petals  in  being  jointed,  and 
therefore  adapted  to  insect  fertilisation,  the  lip  acting 
as  a  spring  and  pressing  the  insect  visitor  with  its  load 
of  pollen  against  the  column.  The  species  of  The- 
lymitra  have  nearly  regular  flowers  (as  in  regular 
peloria),  but  nevertheless,  according  to  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald, they  are  fertilised  by  insects,  or  rather  "  fer- 
tilisation passes  in  Thelymitra  from  total  dependence 
on  insects  to  constant  self-fertilisation,  according 
to  the  cohesive  or  crumbling  character  of  the 
pollen." 

Dicksonia  Lathami. — We  are  now  enabled 

to  give  a  figure  (fig.  154)  showing  a  portion  of  the 
frond,  and  some  botanical  details  of  the  noble  and 
remarkable  Fern  described  by  our  old  colleague,  Mr. 
Tho.mas  Moore,  at  p.  584.  The  interest  attaching 
to  it  is  enhanced  by  the  probability  of  its  hybrid 
character. 

A    Hybrid    Palm. — Some    years    ago    M. 

Naudin  mentioned  in  our  columns  the  fact  that  the 
flowers  of  Chamserops  humilis,  fertilised  by  the  pollen 
of  Phoenix  dactylifera,  had  produced  fruits  and  seed- 
lings. Some  of  the  latter  have  since  flowered,  and 
M.  CARRitRE  gives,  in  a  recent  number  of  the  Revut 
Horticok,  an  account  of  a  second  cross  effected  by 
fertilising  the  flowers  of  the  hybrid  with  pollen  from 
Chamaerops  excelsa.  The  original  hybrid  received 
the  name  of  Microphcenix  decipiens  x  ;  M.  CARRltRE 
now  proposes  the  name  Microphcenix  Sahuti  x 
for  the  new  hybrid  raised  by  M.  Sahut,  of  Mont- 
pellier.  From  the  description  given  it  appears  that 
the  new  hybrid  is  quite  intermediate  between  its 
parents,  resembling  the  pollen-parent  in  the  fruit  and 
the  purple  colour  of  the  base  of  the  leaf-stalk,  and 
partaking  of  the  habit,  mode  of  growth,  and  foliage 
of  the  seed-parent. 

LiLiUM     rOLYPHYLLUM. — The    Illustration 

Horticole,  t.  565,  gives  a  coloured  figure  of  this  hand- 
some Afghan  Lily,  which  has  lanceolate  leaves, 
drooping  funnel-shaped  flowers,  about  4  inches  long, 
with  recurved  segments,  yellowish,  sprinkled  with 
reddish-purple  spots  of  about  the  same  length  as  the 
narrow  flower  tube. 

Plant  Lice, — Those  who  read  French  will 

be  glad  to  possess  M.  Lichtenstein's  Les  Piicerons, 
for  Mr.  Buckton's  splendid  work  on  British  Aphides 
is,  unfortunately,  not  likely  to  be  available  for  the 
majority.  The  part  before  us  contains  a  list  of  the 
works  consulted  by  the  author,  a  complete  list  of 
species  and  genera,  and,  what  is  of  great  service  to 
botanists  and  cultivators,  an  alphabetical  list  of  all 
genera  of  the  plants  known  to  be  affected  by  par- 
icular  aphides,  with  the  names  of  the  latter.  Thus, 
species  of  Rosa  find  sustenance  for  ten  different 
species  of  aphis,  species  of  Salix  to  twenty-three ; 
Fuchsias  have  but  one  species,  and  Aconitum  is  also 
only  credited  with  one,  but  as  the  latter  plant  is  as 
poisonous  (to  man)  as  the  Fuchsia  is  harmless,  it 
would  seem  that  one  which  is  a  man's  poison  may  be 
an  insect's  food.  To  these  lists  follow  chapters  on 
the  anatomy  and  life  history  of  the  insects,  which  are 
of  the  greatest  importance  to  cultivators,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  Phylloxera,  but  which  we  cannot  here 
enter  into,  partly  by  reason  of  their  complexity, 
partly  because  some  of  the  most  important  matters 
connected  with  it  are  still  matters  of  controversy. 
Three  coloured  plates,  illustrative  of  various  galls  on 
the    leaf-stalks  of    Poplars,    accompany   this   useful 


6qo 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[KOVEMBER  28,    1SS5. 


treatise,  which  may  be  had  of  Williams  &  NOR- 
GATE,  or  other  foreign  booksellers. 

Bromeliads.— The    sixth   part   of    M.    F. 

Antoi.ne's  magnificent  publication,  Phylo  Iiono- 
graphic  dcr  BromcUacecn,  Ins  lately  been  issued.  It 
consists  of  large  folio  lithographic  plates,  partly 
coloured  and  showing  the  habit  and  details  of  the 
species.  The  species  illustrated  are  Karatas  Innocenti, 
t.  26,  sometimes  referred  to  Nidu'arium,  the  inner- 
most or  floral  leaves  of  the  nest-like  tuft  beiog  of  a 
rtd  colour.  The  leaves  are  oblong,  strap-shaped, 
acute,  recurved,  finely  toothed  at  the  edges.  The 
flowers  are  greenish,  Karatas  Scheremetiewii— a 
name  few  Englishmen  could  hope  to  pronounce  or 
spell — has  a  iimiiar  habit,  but  the  leaves  are  narrower, 
more  acute,  and  the  flowers  blucish  at  the  tips, 
Karatas  Laurentii  has  oblong  leaves,  obtuse,  with  a 
strong  curved  mucro,  and  more  or  less  blotched  and 
spotted.  Karatas  acanthocrater  is  a  noble  species, 
with  very  broad,  oblong,  obtuse  leaves,  terminated 
by  a  stout  mucro.  K.  coriacea  is  similar  but  smaller, 
and  with  the  leaves  entire,  not  toothed  at  the  margin. 

The    Gakdeners'   Royal    Benevolent 

Institution. — The  funds  of  this  institution  appear 
to  be  in  a  more  satisfactory  condition  than  hereto- 
fore, thanks  to  the  great  exertions  that  have  been 
put  forth  by  the  committee  of  management,  greatly 
assisted  by  their  energetic  Secretary,  Mr.  Cutler. 
Such  being  the  case,  we  are  requested  by  the 
committee  to  announce  that,  owing  to  the  unusual 
number  of  vacancies,  the  whole  of  the  candidates  for 
pensions,  numbering  twenty-six,  will  be  put  on  the 
list  of  pensioners  without  election.  The  committee, 
by  deciding  so  to  act,  have  strained  a  point,  and  can- 
didates will  this  time  have  the  satisfaction  of  being 
saved  the  trouble,  expense,  and  disappointment  in 
some  cases,  consequent  on  a  personal  canvas.  We 
regret  to  hear  that  I\Ir.  Spary,  formerly  of  The 
Graperies,  Brighton,  is  obliged  to  claim  the  aid  of  the 
Institution,  owing  to  reverses  in  business.  He  is 
eighty-two  years  old.  The  annual  meeting  is  fixed 
for  Friday,  January  15,  for  the  transaction  of  the 
customary  business.  The  committee  have  decided 
that  the  card  collection  shall  finally  close  on  Decem- 
ber I,  and  they  will  be  greatly  aided  in  their  work  by 
collectors  sending  in  their  cards  by  that  date. 

Orchid  ExpoRTATiOiN  from  Brazil.— We 

confess  to  a  certain  feeling  of  satisfaction  at  reading 
the  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  by  one  of 
the  collectors  of  the  Corapagnie  Continentale  : — "The 
Municipal  Council  (of  the  island  of  St.  Catherine)  has 
also  imposed  a  tax  of  500,000  reis  ( =  2500  francs),  on 
each]individual  leaving  the  island  with  plants,  and  an 
additional  tax  of  5  per  cent,  provincial  dues  ;  and  all 
this  because  a  collector  last  year  boasted  to  have 
taken  from  the  island  more  than  100,000  francs  worth 
of  Orchids,  saying  that  the  Brazilians  were  simpletons 
who  did  not  know  the  value  of  their  weeds,  as  they 
call  the  Orchids.  I  forsee  the  time  when,  all  the 
countries  acting  In  the  same  way,  Orchids  will  become 
very  rare  in  Europe,  and  where  it  will  not  be  easy  in 
future  to  introduce  them  in  large  masses.  It  is 
alleged  that  certain  districts  formerly  rich  in  Oichids 
are  no  longer  so  now.  The  great  fault  does  not,  how- 
ever, depend  on  an  excessive  quantity  of  Orchids  sent 
to  Europe,  but  on  collectors,  who  after  having 
obtained  the  desired  numbers,  set  the  forests  on  fire 
and  thus  destroy  the  plants  and  prevent  them  from 
being  collected  by  others."  If  this  be  true,  hanging 
is  too  good  for  such  murderers. 

Leftospermu-M  lanigerum. — This  beau- 
tiful greenhouse  myrtaceous  shrub  is  a  native  of  Tas- 
mania and  New  South  Wales,  with  tomentose 
branches,  linear  leaves,  and  numerous  circular,  flat, 
white  flowers,  each  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch 
wide.  It  is  well  suited  for  the  greenhouse  and  con- 
servatory, requiring  but  little  water  during  the  testing 
period.  It  is  well  figured  in  the  Jlluslralion  Horli- 
cole,  t.  570. 

Honours  to  Horticulture.— The  follow- 
ing distinctions  have  been  accorded  to  Belgian  horti- 
culturists ;— MM.  rhillippe  Jansens  of  Brussels,  and 
M.  Edward  Morren  of  Lifige,  have  been  made  Ofiicers 
of  the  Order  of  Leopold  ;  MM.  Ignatius  de  Beucket, 
Louis  Delrue-Schrevens,  Adolphe  d'llaene  Madame 
Caroline  Le  Gielle  d'Hanis,  M.  Dieudonne  Mas- 
ange  de  Louvtex  of  Baillonville,  M.  Joseph  Moens, 


^L  Auguste  Peeters,  M.  Spre-Vander  Meulen,  and  M. 
Charles  Eeckhautt,  received  decorations.  Ilowstr.inge 
it  would  seem  in  this  country  if  Mr.  Ware  of  Tot- 
tenham, Mr.  Barr,  Messrs.  Paul,  Mr.  Maurice  Young, 
or  oihtrs  who  contributed  to  the  success  of  the  late 
Inventions  Exhibition,  or  the  m.embers  of  the  Scien- 
tific Committee,  were  named  members  of  the  Order 
of  Victoria. 

A  Questionable   Exhibit.— At  a    Cali- 

fornian  fair  a  large  Squash,  painted  green,  was  exhi- 
bited as  an  "  Irish  Water  Melon," 

Bud-variation   in   Chrysanthemum. — 

Mr.  Mawlev  kindly  forwards  us  a  sport  from 
Madame  B.  Rendattler,  a  Japanese  variety,  with 
orange-pink  florets  of  irregular,  often  lobed,  form. 
The  sport  shows  itself  in  the  form  of  a  prolification  of 
the  inflorescence,  exactly  as  in  the  Hen-and-Chicken 
Daisy,  the  number  of  adventitious  side-buds  beiog 
very  large,  and,  what  is  interesting,  all  the  flowers 
on  the  sport  are  pale  yellow,  and  show  little  or  no 
trace  of  the  irregularity  of  the  type.  We  do  not 
know  the  original  of  Madame  Rend.attler,  but  this 
sport  points  to  the  probability  that  it  was  a  yellow- 
fiowered  variety.  Indeed,  so  far  as  variations  in 
colour  go,  though  the  superficial  appearances  may 
differ  greatly,  the  change  is  really  of  the  slightest,  a 
very  little  more  or  less  colouring  mat'.er  making  all 
the  difference. 

Calanthe  Veitchi.— Cultivators  of  Orchids 

will  be  acquainted  with  that  peculiarity  of  Calanthe 
Veitch,  of  producing  flowers  of  varying  degrees  of 
colour,  which  may  vary  from  bright  cerise  to  colours 
so  pale  as  to  be  almost  white.  Mr.  II.  Williams 
points  out  that  the  deepest  tinted  blooms  are  inva- 
riably the  produce  of  those  pseudobulbs  which  have 
a  *'  waist  "  made  as  if  a  ligature  had  been  tied  round 
the  bulb  before  it  had  arrived  at  full  size,  causing 
thereby  a  contraction  at  that  point.  There  is  no 
indication  of  ill-health  in  bulbs  so  formed,  the  foliage 
and  flower-spikes  growing  to  their  normal  size,  but 
so  fixed  has  the  peculiarity  become  that  bulbs  of  this 
species  are  selected  for  their  colour  in  their  rest'ng 
period  by  the  shape  of  the  bulb  alone.  Analogous 
peculiarities  will  occur  to  cultivators  amongst  other 
species  of  plants  grown  in  gardens,  and  would  seem 
to  indicate  both  want  of  vigour  and  poverty  of  the 
colouring  matter  of  the  flowers,  but  usually  the 
former. 

Asarum  Thu.nbergii. — Authors  seem  much 

divided  about  the  naming  of  this  plant,  judging  from 
its  synonymy.  It  is  accordingly  variously  known  as 
Asarum  japonicum  and  Heterotropa  asaroides,  besides 
the  above  name.  Ileteratropa  is  dropped  in  the 
Genera  Plantariim,  where  the  characters  are  considered 
too  trivial  or  too  inconstant  to  warrant  the  division  of 
the  genus  into  sections  even.  The  lurid  purple 
perianth  is  contracted  at  the  orifice,  which  is 
surrounded  by  numerous  whitish  appendages,  and 
far  exceeds  in  size  those  of  A.  europseum,  often  culti- 
vated in  the  open  border,  with  a  small  wide  open 
perianth.  The  flowers,  notwithstanding,  can  only  be 
regarded  as  curious.  The  large  cordate,  subsagittate 
leaves,  on  the  other  hand,  a.re  leathery  aud  deep  green, 
with  a  broad  grey  band  carried  round  the  upper  sur- 
face, resembling  in  a  measure  those  of  a  Cyclamen. 
On  this  account  alone  it  deserves  a  place  in  the  green- 
bouse.  Some  plants  of  this  species  in  flower  may  be 
seen  in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew,  It  is  figured  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4933,  and  in  Kegel's  Garten- 
flora,  928. 

Indiarueeer    in    Nicaragua.  —  Reports 

from  Nicaragua  on  the  rubber  trade  continue  to  refer 
to  the  falling  off  in  the  supply.  The  rubber  trees,  it 
is  stated  along  the  banks  of  the  fiver  San  Juan  and 
the  neighbourhood  of  Greytown  have  been  almost 
entirely  destroyed  by  the  short-sighted  policy  of  the 
rubber  cutters,  and  the  entire  want  of  efficient  police 
supervision.  The  men  who  formerly  worked  in  these 
forests,  who  bought  their  provisions  and  sold  their 
indiarubber  in  Greytown,  are  now  dispersed  along  the 
Mosquit  ocoast. 

Tillandsia      Lindeni     vera. — Amongst 

Bromeliads  this  is  undoubtedly  a  gem,  which  recom- 
mends itself  to  the  cultivator  in  various  ways.  It  is 
easily  cultivated,  requires  small  space  lor  its  develop- 
ment, and  lasts  a  long  time  in  beauty.  The  slender 
leaves  are  numerous,  and  gracefully  arch  on  all  sides. 


From  amongst  these  the  peduncle  emerges  a  short 
way,  supporting  an  ensiform  or  elliptic  inflorescence 
about  4  inches  long.  The  bracts  are  clear  rosy-car- 
mine, much  compressed  laterally,  and  densely  imbri- 
cated in  two  ranks,  just  allowing  the  petals  to  be 
protruded  at  the  apex.  These  are  large  and  bright 
blue,  constituting  a  fine  contrast  to  the  bracts,  and 
being  developed  successionaily,  prolong  its  flowering 
season.  There  is  a  plant  of  this  fine  form  ol  the 
species  flowering  in  the  stove  at  Kew.  It  is  a  vari- 
able plant  in  a  state  of  Nature,  and  much  confusion 
prevailed  about  the  naming  of  it  as  the  different 
varieties  came  into  flower.  A  history  of  the  species 
is  given  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1879,  xii  , 
p.  461,  where  three  varieties  are  distinctly  defined, 
with  a  figure  of  the  variety  T.  L.  Regeliana,  differing 
in  its  longer  peduncle  and  green  bracts.  The  variety 
under  notice  is  figured  in  the  Illustration  Horticole, 
1S69,  pi.  610. 

Judges  at  the  Pennsylvania  State  Fair 

Flower  Exiubition. — The  Philadelphians  pride 
themselves  on  the  way  they  exhibited  cut  flowers  at 
the  State  Fair.  "  One  amusing  incident  in  connection 
with  the  show  of  funeral  designs  to  which  my  attention 
was  drawn"  (says  a  writer  in  the  American 
Florist)  '*  was  the  appointment  of  judges.  At  the 
request  of  one  of  the  exhibitors,  three  undertakers  (or 
to  be  more  accurate,  three  funeral  directors)  formed 
the  majority  of  the  judges  ;  two  florists  were  ap 
pointed  to  act  with  the  funeral  directors.  It  was  a 
curious  fact,  that  when  it  came  to  a  vote  on  who 
should  have  first  premium,  the  undertakers  voted  one 
way,  and  the  florists  the  other,  and  yet  the  florists 
signed  the  report.  Would  it  not  have  been  better  for 
them  to  have  presented  a  minority  report  ?  Just  for 
satisfaction  many  men  would  have  done  so,  and 
would  have  given  their  reasons  why  they  had  done 
so,  in  intelligent  writing.  What  do  funeral  directors 
know  of  cut  flower  work  ?  " 

Vriesia  hieroglyphica. — This  magnificent 

Broraeliad  is  figured  in  the  Bel^ique  Horticole,  1885, 
t.  10.  The  leaves  are  70—80  cm.  long  (nearly  3  feel), 
12  cm.  (or  5  inches)  wide,  oblong  strap-shaped,  bright 
green,  marked  transversely  with  broad  irregular  black 
markings.  The  flower-spike  is  i  m.  20  —  1  m.  20cm. 
in  height,  bearing  above  a  branching  panicle  of 
numerous  yellow  flowers,  each  about  2  inches  long. 
The  plant  is  a  native  of  Brazil, 

Covent  Garden. — The  articles  now  in  sea- 
son are  rather  few  as  regards  number,  and  will  doubt- 
less remain  so  till  the  Christmas  goods  arrive.  Never- 
theless, there  is  a  good  all-round  supply  of  fruit, 
which  is  chiefly  foreign.  Apples  from  Canada,  seem- 
ingly in  good  condition,  are  there  in  large  quantities, 
and  of  Pines  and  Bananas  from  the  West  and  East 
Indies  respectively  large  consignments  arrive. 
Grapes  are  to  be  seen  in  large  quantitities,  both 
British  and  Spanish,  varying  from  6i.  to  ^s.  pet 
pound.  The  vegetable  supply  is  of  Celery,  Leeks, 
Sprouts,  &c.,  and  salads  in  a  very  young  state  are 
to  be  had  as  well  as  Asparagus  in  a  like  condition. 
Lemons,  Oranges,  and  Limes  have  now  begun  to 
come  in  in  quantity,  and  of  all  qualities  and  sizes,  some 
being  almost  too  small  for  use.  Spain  sends  Melons 
and  Onions  chiefly,  besides  other  fruits  ;  the  Onions 
are  rather  small,  but  fine  and  clean.  Custard  Apples 
from  Madeira,  Seakale,  Celeriac,  and,  of  course, 
Medlars,  are  now  in  the  market.  In  the  plants 
in  pots  Tulips  and  Ferns  may  be  mentioned  as  having 
just  come  in,  as  also  have  Poinsettias,  Christmas 
Roses,  Carnations,  Ericas,  Cyclamen,  and  Epiphyl* 
lums,  are  the  chief  of  the  flowering  plants  to  be  seen 
now.  Among  cut  flowers  of  course  Chrysanthemums 
are  predominant  ;  but  a  good  supply  of  cut  Orchids 
and  Pelargoniums,  Eucharis,  and  Roman  Hyacinths 
give  relief,  A  lot  of  Ivy  leaves, 'and  a  small  display 
of  Holly  are  among  the  quieter-looking  decorative 
material. 

Portea    kermesina.  —  There   is  a    good 

figure  of  this  plant  in  the  Revue  Horticole,  1870,  p. 
230,  where,  however,  the  writer  says  its  characters  do 
not  differ  from  those  of  Bilbergia.  The  base  of  the 
perianth  is  prolonged  beyond  the  top  of  the  ovary 
into  a  deep  cup,  narrow  and  thick  walled  at  the  base, 
much  wider,  with  thinner  striate  walls  upwards,  from 
the  mouth  of  which  the  sepals  are  free.  The  sepals 
of  Biilbergia,  on  the  other  hand,  are  free  from  the  top 
of  the  ovary.  The  leaves,  of  a  deep  bronzy-red  on 
both  surfaces,  are  arranged  in  a  close  vasiform  rosette, 


November  2S,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


601 


attaining  a  length  of  2 — 2^  feet,  and  arching  towards 
Iheir  tip.  The  inflorescence  is  as  conspicuous  and  orna- 
mental as  the  foliage,  lorming  a  stout  club-shaped 
head,  consisting  of  large  concave  bracts  of  a  clear 
rosy-red  colour,  enclosing  numerous  clusters  of 
flowers.  The  deep  blue  petals  are  exserted  about 
I  inch  beyond  the  sepals,  which  are  pale  pink  or 
flesh  coloured.  The  loimer  resemble  ihose  of  a 
Bilbergia  externally,  but  the  latter  are  lipped  with 
a  bristle  and  developed  on  one  side  into  an  appen- 
dage larger  than  themselves.  For  garden  decorative 
purposes  the  plant  is  distinct  both  in  colour  of  the 
leaves  and  attractiveness  or  conspicuousness  of  the 
inflorescence.  A  large  plant  has  been  flowering  for 
some  time  in  the  Victoria-house  at  Kew. 

Cinchona     Bark.  —  The    Fharmacentital 

Journal  states  that  '*  During  the  twelve  months 
ending  September  30  last  the  total  quantity  of  Cin- 
chona bark  exported  from  Ct')lon  amounted  to 
11,678,360  lb.  (1,143,140  lb.  of  branch  bark  and 
10,535,220  lb.  of  trunk  baik),  being  185,143  lb.  in 
excess  of  the  total  qumlily  exported  during  the 
previous  twelve  months." 

CHRYSoniYLLUM     Cainitc— The    ''Star 

Apple,"  a  tropical  American  fruit,  is  well  figured  in 
the  Illustration  Horticole,  t.  567.  It  is  a  globular 
fruit,  of  the  size  of  the  largest  Apple,  purplish  red  on 
the  outside,  with  5 — 10  cavities  in  the  interior,  each 
with  a  single  seed.  The  tree  belongs  to  the  Sapota 
family, 

The  Trees  on   the   Embankment.  — On 

Saturday  last  workmen  commenced  the  taking  up  and 
cleansing  of  the  perforated  iron  gratings,  and  the 
loosening  of  the  soil  about  the  roots  of  the  double 
row  of  Plane  trees  throughout  the  length  of  the 
Victoria  Embankment,  and  in  the  adjacent  avenues. 
These  young  trees,  numbering  altogether  about 
800,  stand  the  smoke  of  London  well,  and  are 
found  for  the  most  part  to  be  flourishing.  Their 
healthy  condition,  however,  depends  much  upon  the 
access  of  rain-water  to  the  roots  through  the  iron 
gratings  let  into  the  pavement,  the  holes  in  which 
become  after  a  time  entirely  choked  up  by  the  mud 
and  dust.  Not  the  faintest  smell  of  gas-leakage — 
that  mortal  foe  of  London  trees — could  be  detected 
on  Saturday  in  the  loosened  mould,  a  result  due,  no 
doubt,  in  some  measure  to  the  copious  percolation  of 
water  through  the  soil. 

L.ELIA  Perrini  and  Vars.  — An  Orchid 

which  flowers  in  the  last  three  months  of  the  year  is 
considered  specially  valuable,  and  we,  therefore,  find 
autumn- flowering  Odontoglossums,  such  as  O.  vexilla- 
rium  var.,  or  the  autumn-blooming  Cattleya  labiata, 
are  of  much  greater  value  in  the  market  than  the 
spring  or  summer  flowering  forms.  The  above  Ltelia 
belongs  to  the  few  late-blooming  species,  and  as  it  is 
both  large  and  beautiful  in  its  flowers  it  is  a  most 
desirable  plant.  At  present  it  is  somewhat  rare, 
although  it  is  not  difficult  to  keep  in  health  and  induce 
to  flower.  Plants  of  it  are  now  in  flower  at  Kew, 
where,  in  addition  to  the  pink-flowered  type,  there  is 
also  a  variety  with  the  petals  and  sepals  pure  white, 
the  lip  being  pale  yellow  on  the  disc  and  light  purple 
at  the  apex.  Another  beautiful  variety  is  that  known 
as  irrorata,  in  which  the  petals  and  sepals  are  of  the 
lightest  rose  colour,  and  the  lip  marked  as  in  the  last- 
mentioned.  Both  these  varieties,  as  well  as  the  type, 
thrive  under  the  same  treatment  as  suits  Cattleya 
Skinneri  and  C.  Mossis.  The  pseudobulbs  are  long, 
rather  thin  at  the  base,  and  compressed  upwards,  and 
the  leaf  is  stiff,  8  inches  long,  and  dark  green.  The 
flowers  are  produced  two  or  three  together  upon  a 
short  stalk,  which  developes  on  the  apex  of  the 
matured  growth  of  the  current  year.  After  flowering 
the  plants  should  be  rested  for  a  few  weeks  by  keep- 
ing them  cool  and  rather  dry. 

Anacardium  occidentai^e.— The  Illuslra- 

tioH  Horticole  gwemi  plate  573  an  excellent  illustration 
of  the  Acajou  or  Cashew  nut,  Anarcardiumoccidenlale, 
the  flower-stalk  of  which  swells  into  a  pulpy  Pear- 
shaped  '*  fruit  "  of  a  brilliant  red  colour  externally. 
The  true  fruit  is  a  kidney-shaped  nut  plaeed  on  the 
end  of  the  stalk.  The  flavour  of  the  fiuit  stalk  is 
pleasant  acid,  and  much  in  favour  in  tropical 
countries. 

Gardening    Appointment.  —  Edward 

Taylor,  late  Gardener  at  Spinfield  Hall,  Marlow, 
has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Mrs.  Cha.mberlain, 
Cranberry  Park,  Winchester,  Hants, 


CRACKING  OF  APPLES  AND 
PEARS  CAUSED  BY  CLADOSPOR- 
lUM  DENDRITICUM. 

The  worst  form  of  cracking  in  Apples  and  Pears  is 
caused  by  a  fungus  named  Ciadosporium  dendtiticum, 
Wallroth.     It  not  only  attacks  the  fruit,  and  causes 


serious  cracking,  but  in  the  spring  it  grows  upon  the 
leaves,  and  forms  black,  dendritic,  arborescent  spots, 
that  is,  spots  a  quarter  of  an  inch  or  more  across, 
which  branch  in  all  directions  like  a  miniature  black 
tree.  The  fungus  also  attacks  the  petals,  anthers, 
and  pistils  of  the  flowers,  aad  in  bad  cases  causes 
abortion  of  the.fruit.  The  name  Ciadosporium— from 
klados,  a  branch,  and  spora,  a  spore  or  seed,  refers  to 


upper  part  of  fig.  156.  The  white  margin  of  each 
spot  is  now  seen  to  be  the  burst  and  lacer.ited  trans- 
parent membrane  of  the  Apple  or  Pear,  as  the  case 
may  be  ;  and  the  black  portion  is  a  cotnpact  mass  of 
brovvn  spores  or  seeds  which  have  grown,  and  are 
still  growing,  underneath  the  membrane.  As  the 
fungus  grows  it  constantly  tears  open  the  membrane 
of  the  ftuit,  and  the  mycelium  or  spawn  of  the 
Ciadosporium,  which  lives  upon  the  juices  of  the  fruit, 
burrows  into  the  flesh,  and  causes  cracks.  The 
cracks  are  at  first  slight,  and  these  at  length  become 
confluent,  and  in  bad  cases,  as  every  gardener  knows, 
very  deep  fissures  are  presented,  which  expose  the  inner 
substance  of  the  fruit,  and  make  it  unsightly,  unmarket- 
able, and  ultimately  cause  it  to  rot.  If  a  vertical 
section  be  made  through  the  margin  of  one  of  the 
small  spots,  and  enlarged  400  diameters  (the  scale  so 
often  used  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle  for  illustrations  ' 
of  this  class)  it  will  be  seen,  if  the  section  is  well 
made,  something  like  the  lower  part  of  fig.  157.  At 
11  the  epidermis  of  the  leaf,  composed  of  transparent 
cells,  is  shown  pushed  away  from  the  pulp  of  the  fruit, 
c,  D,  E,  and  F,  by  the  fungus.  The  fungus  itself  con- 
sists of  brown  profusely  jointed  mycelium,  or  spawn, 
which  sends  up  short  slightly  branched  shafts,  which 
carry  long  egg-shaped  conidio-spores  analogous  to 
seeds  ;  each  spore  has  numerous  colourless  spots. 
The  spawn  threads  at  c,  n,  and  E  are  seen  pushing 
themselves  between  the  cells  of  the  fruit,  and  so 
setting  up  the  early  condition  of  cracking. 

Ciadosporium  dendriticum  is  often  referred  to 
in  horticultural  and  botanical  books  as  Helmin- 
thosporium  pyrorum  ;  it  is  also  known  as  Fusi- 
cladium  dendriticum.  The  form  which  attacks 
Pears  has  been  distinguished  as  Fusicladium  pyri- 
num  ;  another  that  injures  Cherries  as  F.  cerasi ;  a 
species  or  variety  .also  grows  on  a  garden  Haw- 
thorn, Cratregus  pyracantha.  The  late  ^L  Alfred 
Smee,  who  was  badly  plagued  by  these  fungi  in 
his  gardens  at  Hackbridge,  expressed  the  opinion 
that  the  fungus  on  his  Siberian  Crabs  was  also  dis- 
tinct from  the  pest  which  invaded  his  Pears.  Peyl 
has  boldly  cut  the  Gordian  knot  belonging  to  the 
names  of  several  species  or  varieties  of  this  fungus  by 
terming  a  group  of  forms  Ciadosporium  polymorphum 
— that  is,  the  (Tladosporium  of  many  forms. 

The  variety  of  Pears  most  injured  in  Mr.  Smee's 
garden  were  the  Louise  Bonne  and  Eister  Beurre. 
Mr.  Smee  has  said  that  the  Ciadosporium  always 
first  appeared  with  him  when  cold  southwest  winds 
were  blowing  in  early  summer,  and  he  writes,  "  We 
have  found  the  best  remedy  is  to  lift  the  trees  and 
give  them  some  good  top  spit  loam."  This  remedy 
was  applied  to  trees,  seen  by  the  writer,  which  had 
the  foliage  of  summer  reduced  to  tinder  by  the  attacks 
of  the  fungus.  The  injury  to  the  foliage,  of  course, 
dwarfs  the  fruit,  and  the  dwarfed  fruit  becomes 
cracked  and  rotten  by  the  ravages  of  the  fungus, 
which  in  the  early  summer  spotted  and  scorched  the 
leaves. 

'n  Allied  species  attack  Asparagus,   others  grow  on 
Alder,  Angelica,  Fumaiia,  &c. 

It  is  extremely  diflicult  to  suggest  any  means  either 
for  the  prevention  of  cracking,  or  its  cure,  for  the 
spores  of  the  fungus  seem  in  some  seasons  to  infest 
the  air,  and  wherever  they  fall  they  invade  either  the 
foliage,  blossoms,  or  fruit.  It  is  very  probable  that 
fruits  with  a  thin  membrane  suffer  most,  and  that 
coarser  fruits,  like  the  coarser  Potatos,  are  armour- 
proof  against  the  attacks  of  the  Ciadosporium.  I  need 
hardly  say  that  all  cracks  in  fruits  are  not  necessarily 
caused  by  the  fungus  here  described. 

For  an  illustrated  account  of  a  fungus  extremely 
destructive  to  Apples  and  Pears,  Oidium  fructigenum, 
Schr.,  see  present  volume  of  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
p.  51,    W,  G,  Smilh,  Dunstable, 


j.  — CLADOSrORIUM  1 


Upper  figure  magnltied  5  times  ;  lower  figure  shows 
m.ignilied  400  diameters. 


the  arborescent  habit  of  the  fungus  j  dendriticum 
refers  to  the  form  of  the  spots. 

Sometimes  the  spots  take  dendritic  shapes  on  the 
fruit,  especially  in  mild  cases,  and  in  the  earlier 
growth  of  the  fungus,  but  as  the  disease  advances  the 
spots  become  sub-rotund,  black,  and  depressed,  with 
a  thin  white  margin,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration,  fig.  155. 

If  the  spots  are  examined  with  a  lens  they  will  be 
seen,  if  magnified  five  diameters,  as  shown  in  the 


Citrus  triptera.  —  The  want  of  appreciation 
shown  of  really  valuable  and  interesting  plants, 
often  of  easy  culture,  is  a  feature  which  plant  lovers 
and  journalists  not  only  have  daily  reason  to  deplore, 
but  which  they  do  their  best  to  remedy,  though  with 
little  elTect,  in  the  teeth  of  those  enemies  to  progress 
— fashion  and  heedlessness.  Our  French  contem- 
porary, the  Revue  Horticole,  in  giving  a  coloured 
plate  of  it,  protests  with  justice  against  the  neglect 
of  this  plant,  a  hardy  Orange — hardy,  that  is, 
at  Kew,  to  our  knowledge— with  rigid  spiny  green 
branches,  3-folioIate  leaves,  studded  with  translucent 
oil-glands,  like  a  Myrtle,  and  with  Orange  blossoms 
for  flowers.  In  this  country,  we  believe,  it  has  not 
borne  fruit  in  the  open  air,  but  our  contemporary 
suggests  that  by  cross-breeding  it  might  be  possible  to 
obtain  an  Orange  which  should,  even  in  these 
Northern  climes,  ripen  its  fruit  in  the  open  air,  or  at 
least  against  a  wall. 


692 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885. 


J40ME     jUcilF^JB^PONDJENCE. 


Vanda  ccerulea.  — Some  further  remarks  on  this 
plant  are  found  at  p.  627,  Mr.  Anderson  introducing 
at  the  same  lime  other  Orchids.  My  object  when 
writing  on  this  subject  at  first,  was  to  show  that 
Vanda  ccerulea  was  not  a  difficult  subject  to  deal 
with.  I  say  it  is  as  easily  managed  as  any  other 
Vanda.  Does  Mr.  Anderson  say  it  is  not  ?  It  was 
also  stated  by  me  that  this  was  a  cheap  plant  now, 
and  could  be  obtained  by  the  cultivator  of  humble 
means.  That  statement,  I  presume,  is  not  denied.  I 
have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  growing  V.  ccerulea  for 
twenty  years,  but  I  have  seen  it  under  the  care  of  a 
gardener,  flowering  splendidly  after  twenty-five  years. 
I  have  only  tried  my  hand  with  two  of  the  species 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Anderson — viz.,  Cattleya  superba 
and  Oncidium  Lanceanum.  The  last-named  I  pur- 
chased in  1S65 — a  small  plant,  which  increased  in  size 
rapidly  and  flowered  well,  being  in  splendid  health 
up  to  two  years  ago,  when,  owing  to  an  accident,  it 
is  not  now  in  good  health,  but  will  I  hope  recover. 
It  was  in  splendid  health  at  the  end  of  eighteen  years' 
culture,  and  flowered  well.  The  treatment  it  re- 
ceived was  to  grow  it  in  a  teak  basket  in  the  warmest 
house.  It  was  suspended  from  the  rafters  with  the 
leaves  close  to  the  glass  from  the  1st  of  November 
until  the  end  of  February ;  during  the  remainder  of 
the  time  it  was  placed  on  the  stage  with  other 
plants.  Of  Cattleya  superba  I  had  several 
plants  which  were  grown  and  flowered  quite 
ten  years  in  succession.  I  tried  to  grow  it  in 
pots  with  the  same  treatment  that  the  usual  run 
of  Cattleyas  receive,  but  totally  failed.  My  next 
attempt  was  to  attach  the  plants  to  a  stump  of 
Tree  Fern,  and  suspend  them  close  up  to  the  glass. 
There  C.  superba  succeeded  perfectly  and  flowered 
freely  in  the  warmest  house  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Anderson  has  not  quoted  me  correctly,  I  did  not  say 
"seven,"  but  eighteen  months.  I  fancy  the  Editor 
knows  what  experience  I  have  had  with  Orchids.  I 
grew  them  faiily  well  before  Mr.  Anderson  com- 
menced their  culture  at  Meadowbank,  nor  do  I  see 
how  "crowing  "  applies  to  me.  One  may  surely  men. 
tion  one's  own  experience.  There  are  two  classes  of 
teachers  :— ist.  Those  who  are  daily  working  amongst 
their  plants,  potting  every  one  of  them  with  their 
own  hands,  watching  the  development  of  leaf  and  bud, 
carefully  considering  [the  position  each  plant  has  to 
occupy,  and  moving  it  nearer  to  the  glass  atone  time, 
and  again  selecting  for  it  a  more  retired  position  on 
the  stage  as  the  sun  gains  more  power.  That  has 
been  my  work  for  nearly  twenty-five  years,  and  I  have 
ventured  to  recommend  to  others  any  details  of  the 
work  that  may  have  been  interesting,  or  that  has 
tended  to  success.  2d.  We  have  the  theoretical  man, 
useful,  no  doubt,  in  suggesting  new  systems  of  culture, 
or  inventmg  new  baskets,  or  material  in  which  to 
grow  the  plants,  or  he  may  have  charge  of  a  large 
collection  o(  Orchids,  but  is  too  dignified  or  too  busy 
with  other  matters  to  be  able  to  find  time  to  give  his 
plants  much  personal  attention.  We  have,  3dly,  the 
gardener  or  amateur  in  "long  clothes,"  who  has  not 
had  much  experience,  but  who  is  anxious  to  learn, 
and  who  ought  to  be  encouraged,  instead  of  snulfed- 
out  by  those  who  have  had  so  much  experience  as 
Mr,  Anderson  and  myself.  J.  D. 

Cuscuta  refiexa.— The  "Nepal  Dodder,"  grown 
here  on  Ivy  as  a  foster-parent,  is  now  very  pretty,  its 
wiry  growths  covered  with  small  bell-shaped  Erica- 
like flowers.  At  a  little  distance  in  the  greenhouse 
these  exhale  a  pleasant  perfume,  but  the  odour  is 
not  so  pleasant  at  close  quarters.  Outside  it  grows 
rampant  on  Willow,  or  Forsythia,  but  it  shows  best  on 
the  dark  Ivy  leaves  ;  5°  of  frost  kill  it  down  entirely.  As 
you  will  observe  the  specimen  sent  has  strayed  from 
its  foster-parent,  the  Ivy,  to  the  young  leaves  of 
Agave  americana  variegata.  F.  IV.  BurUdge.  [A 
pretty  plant  in  bloom,  with  its  snow-white  oval  bells, 
but  a  dangerous  introduction  to  the  plant-houses  un- 
less carefully  controlled.  Ed.] 

Gros  Colmar  Grape. — In  compliance  with  the 
wish  of  your  correspondent,  Mr.  Hudson  (p.  664), 
to  have  some  information  respecting  the  treat- 
ment of  the  above-named  Grape,  as  shown  by 
me  at  the  Maidenhead  Chrysanthemum  exhibition 
recently,    I    give   the    following    particulars   of  my 


treatment  of  the  Vine : — It  is  grown  in  a  house 
planted  with  late  varieties,  and  has  no  special  treat- 
ment whatever.  The  Vines  have  been  planted  about 
six  years,  and  occupy  a  narrow  inside  border,  which 
consists  of  the  usual  materials  ;  but  the  roots  are 
allowed  free  access  to  an  outside  border  in  the  ordi- 
nary soil,  and  which  was  simply  trenched,  getting  at 
the  same  time  a  liberal  dressing  of  half-inch  bones, 
some  soot  and  lime  rubbish  well  worked  in.  It 
receives  annually  a  dressing  of  short  stable  manure. 
The  Vines  in  question  are  allowed  to  break  naturally, 
and  are  then  assisted  with  a  little  fire-heat  when 
required.  I  find  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  allow  the 
Vine  to  make  plenty  of  foliage,  and  not  to  stop  so 
hard  as  is  usually  done,  and  a  young  rod  or  two  is 
taken  up  yearly  in  order  to  keep  up  healthy  root- 
action,  and  to  afl'ord  shade  to  the  bunches.  By  the 
above  treatment  I  have  been  enabled  to  produce 
Grapes  equal  to  those  in  question  for  several  years 
past.  The  crop  averages  about  fifteen  bunches  to  a 
rod.   T.  Lockte,  Oakley  Court,  IVindsor. 

Rosemary.— The  sweet-smelling  old  favourite  is 
scarcely  so  tender  as  some  of  the  readers  of  gardening 
papers  seem  to  suppose,  although  it  is  seldom  seen 
growing  with  any  vigour.  There  is  one  thing  that 
militates  against  its  well-doing,  and  that  is  removal. 
It  likes  to  be  let  alone,  and  that  may  be  one  reason 
that  it  is  not  oftener  met  with  in  small  gardens.  The 
cottager  seldom  "moves"  anything,  partly  because 
he  has  doubts  as  to  his  ability  to  do  so  with  success, 
but  more  from  association  and  innate  disinclination. 
Twenty  years  ago — and  it  may  be  it  is  there  now,  for 
Rosemary  is  very  long-lived — there  grew  on  the 
sunny  side  of  a  cottage  at  Loughton  in  Essex  a  bush 
of  Rosemary,  that  was  at  that  period  as  high  as  the 
window-sill  (4  feet),  and  which  was  at  least  6  feet  in 
breadth,  the  unusual  difference  between  breadth  and 
height  having  been  brought  about  by  annual  cutting- 
back  of  the  young  growths  on  the  upper  part,  which 
would  unrestricted  have  obscured  the  outlook  from 
the  window.  This  plant's  stem,  so  far  as  I  can 
recollect,  stood  about  18  inches  from  the  wall,  the 
depth  of  the  plant  from  front  to  back  being  about 
3  feet.  The  situation  was  high,  and  doubtless  well 
drained,  which,  combined  with  the  warm  position, 
were  conditions  that  favoured  its  growth,  and  pre- 
vented damage  from  frost.   IV. 

New  Dahlias.— What  is  a  fair  estimate  of  the 
new  Dahlias  sent  out  in  1885  ?  is  a  fitting  question  to 
put  just  now,  at  the  time  when  cultivators  are  taking 
stock  of  the  variety  they  have  grown,  and  are  deter- 
mining what  to  retain  and  what  to  reject.  That  it 
proved  a  very  trying  season  to  cultivators  must  be 
generally  admitted.  The  dry  weather  set  in  almost 
before  the  plants  were  established  in  their  blooming 
quarters  ;  and  it  continued  right  up  to  the  end  of 
August,  or  early  in  September.  Then  the  black 
thrips  was  abundant,  and  with  it  other  vermin  that  prey 
upon  the  flowers  ;  and  it  was  only  by  dint  of  constant 
watering  that  the  plants  were  kept  growing  so  as  to 
produce  flowers  up  to  show  mark.  How  persistently 
this  must  have  been  done  was  seen  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  exhibition,  where  flowers  were  staged  of 
remarkable  quality,  the  reason  considered — large, 
symmetrical,  well-coloured,  and  clean  ;  the  delicately 
tinted  flowers  were  particularly  good ;  that  fine 
variety  Mrs.  Gladstone  being  in  the  very  best 
form,  and  the  fact  that  this  sort  was  selected 
for  premier  honours  in  the  show  division  testifies 
to  its  excellence.  I  had  an  opportunity  of  seeiug 
the  new  varieties  in  flower  in  Messrs.  Keynes,  Wil- 
liams &Co.'s  nursery  at  Salisbury.  Their  Dahlia, 
sufiered  much  from  the  drought,  and  therefore  in 
estimating  the  qualities  of  any  particular  variety, 
some  allowance  must  be  made  on  the  score  of 
weather,  ind  the  trying  circumstances  under  which 
they  were  grown.  The  three  new  varieties  sent  out 
by  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  were  as 
follows  : — Falcon,  light  fawn  colour,  very  constant, 
free,  of  fine  form,  a  charming  and  very  pleasing 
flower  ;  James  Huntley,  a  good  purple  self,  early 
flowering,  constant,  very  fine  and  striking ;  and 
Mrs.  Langtry,  cream  colour,  beautifully  edged  with 
crimson,  a  flower  of  a  lovely  type,  constant,  and 
good  habit  :  three  good  useful  varieties.  Mr.  C. 
Turner  had  a  batch  of  nine  show  varieties,  one  of 
which,  Bugleman  (Fellowes),  dark  maroon,  shaded 
with  bright  crimson,  I  did  not  see  in  flower  ;  Harry 
Turner  is  a  dark  self  of  a  velvety-blackness,  and  with 
the  slightest  crimson  tip,  good  build,  fine  petal,  and 


a  good  useful  flower ;  Mrs.  Douglas  is  a  bright 
scarlet  self  in  the  way  of  James  Backhouse,  and 
likely  to  be  very  useful  to  the  exhibitor  :  it  has  a  good 
outline  and  petal,  and  is  very  bright  in  colour  ;  Mrs. 
Glasscock  is  a  white  self,  something  in  the  way  of 
Miss  Henshaw,  but  poor  as  seen,  probably  the  season 
had  not  proved  favourable  to  its  wellbeing. 
Mrs.  Kendall,  white  ground,  heavily  lipped  with 
purple,  is  of  a  very  pretty  colour,  but  rough  as  seen, 
yet  likely  to  be  good  in  a  more  favourable  season  ; 
T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  yellow,  deeply  edged  with  red,  is  a 
very  constant  and  useful  large  back-row  flower  thatTs 
likely  to  be  found  in  many  exhibition  stands  :  William 
Dodds,  orange,  or  orange-buff,  is  a  very  promising 
variety,  but  requires  a  moister  summer  to  bring  it  to 
perfection— it  will  make  a  useful  show  variety.  All 
these,  with  the  exception  of  Bugleman,  were  raised 
by  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  of  Romford,  who  appear  to 
have  hit  upon  a  very  fine  strain  of  seedlings.  Pan- 
dora (Fellowes),  a  delicate  lilac  self,  has  a  good  habit 
of  growth,  but  it  was  very  rough  as  seen  growing — it 
needs  another  season's  trial  ;  Sybil  is  of  a  reddish- 
buff  colour,  in  the  way  of  the  old  Cherub— a  promis- 
ing and  good  useful  flower.  Of  the  new  fancy  varie- 
ties I  take  the  Salisbury  batch  first  :  —  General 
Gordon  fully  deserves  all  the  praise  bestowed  upon  it 
last  season  :  it  has  a  very  peculiar  but  desirable  habit, 
blooming  freely  from  the  very  base  of  the  plant — the 
yellow  ground  petals  are  tipped  with  bright  scarlet : 
it  will  occasionally  come  as  a  bright  scarlet  self,  and 
then  it  is  very  rich  in  colour :  finally,  it  is  very  con- 
stant ;  Neptune  is  bright  orange,  striped  with 
crimson,  a  very  pretty  bright  fancy,  useful, 
and  fully  constant  j  Romeo,  buff,  striped  with  maroon, 
is  a  bright  good  fancy,  but  it  is  reflexed  in  shape. 
The  Slough  batch  of  fancies  consisted  of  six  varie- 
ties, two  of  which  were  raised  by  the  Rev.  C.  Fel- 
lowes, as  follows  : — Adventure,  pale  ground,  striped 
and  marked  with  red,  but  very  rough  as  seen,  the 
season  being  against  it ;  and  Mrs.  Friselton,  crimson- 
purple,  tipped  with  white,  apparently  a  late  variety, 
not  to  be  had  until  late  in  the  season.  The  following 
three  were  raised  by  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.  : — 
Charles  Turner,  light  bufi  ground,  striped  with 
marooon  :  somewhat  dull  looking,  but  a  good  useful 
fancy  ;  Henry  Eckford,  yellow,  or  light  buff,  striped 
with  scarlet,  marked  like  Hercules  :  a  good  useful 
variety  of  dwarf  habit ;  and  Mrs.  Carter,  crimson- 
purple  tipped  with  white,  good  shaped,  but  at  Salis- 
bury nearly  every  flower  had  come  as  a  crimson  self. 
Lastly,  W.  G.  Head  (Turner),  a  dark  flower  slightly 
striped  with  crimson,  but  mainly  self-coloured,  and 
then  very  like  William  Rawlings.  One  noticeable 
fact  in  these  new  varieties  was  their  general  dwarf 
growth.  The  large  majority  of  them  average  3  feet, 
and  not  exceeding  4  feet ;  and  many  of  them  possess  the 
character  necessary  to  a^good  useful  decorative  Dahlia, 
that  of  throwing  up  the  flowers  erect,  and  not  droop- 
ing, as  many  of  the  old  varieties  used  to.  Tall 
growing  exhibition  Dahlias  are  now  the  exception, 
whereas  they  were  formerly  the  rule.  Some  are  found 
saying  that  in  the  new  Dahlias  of  the  present  time 
they  can  see  little  or  no  improvement  over  the  flowers 
of  ten  or  twelve  years  ago.  To  this  it  is  certain  that 
raisers  and  cultivators  for  exhibition  will  lake  excep- 
tion. There  is  a  perceptible  improvement,  but  it  is 
of  necessity  much  less  marked  than  it  was  a  score  of 
years  ago.  But  in  the  habit  of  growth  there  has  been 
a  marked  improvement  ;  and  old  Dahlia  growers  are 
found  saying  that  constitution  in  the  plants  and  con- 
stancy in  the  flowers  have  so  developed  of  late  years 
that  flowers  are  much  easier  to  get  than  they  were  in 
times  past.  These  are  among  the  gains  made  by 
Dahlia  raisers.   R.  D. 

The  Champion  Chrysanthemums  at  Home. 
— Many  hundreds  of  people  have  lately  seen, 
admired,  and  wondered  at  the  perfection  of  the 
Chrysanthemum  flowers  that  have  been  exhibited 
from  Swanmore  Park,  but  I  venture  to  say  that  had 
they  been  so  fortunate  as  the  writer  has  been  to  have  seen 
them  at  home,  their  wonder  would  have  been  turned 
into  amazement.  First,  in  respect  of  the  large 
number  of  plants  ;  second,  the  myriads  of  flowers, 
and  scarcely  a  second-rate  one  amongst  them ; 
thirdly,  the  luxuriant  foliage  and  sturdy  growth  of 
the  plants  ;  and  fourthly,  the  arrangement  of  them  in 
the  various  houses  in  such  a  manner  that  every 
flower  of  every  plant  is  visible  at  the  first  sight 
— a  task  of  no  mean  order,  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  the  plants  range  from  3  to  12  feet  in 
height.     A  description  of  the  arrangement  is  an  im- 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


693 


possibility,  and  I  will  not  attempt  it,  further  than  to 
say  that  the  whole  forms  one  of  those  sights  that 
those  who  wish  to  keep  themselves  free  from  the 
Chrysanthemum  craze  should  not  witness,  as  it  would, 
if  they  were  at  all  hesitating,  completely  convert  them. 
As  showing  Mr.  Molyneux's  passion  for  this  flower, 
there  is  a  south  wall  covered  with  plants  on  which 
have  been  bestowed  as  much  pains  as  the  exhibition 
plants  have  received  ;  and  well  have  they  repaid  the 
labour  by  the  number  and  fine  quality  of  their  flowers, 
many  being  nearly  equal  to  those  on  the  indoor 
plants.  So  much  for  Chrysanthemums  at  Swanmore, 
and  lest  any  one  should  think  that  other  departments 
are  neglected,  I  have  simply  to  say,  go  and  see  some 
of  the  6nest  Grapes  in  the  kingdom,  the  same  of 
Peaches,  and  other  fruits,  greenhouse  and  stove 
plants,  hardy  shrubs,  herbaceous  plants,  and  flower- 
ing plants  generally.  W.  H,  Myers,  Esq.,  has  just 
cause  to  be  as  proud  of  his  garden  as  1  know  his 
gardener  is  of  serving  such  a  generous  and  appre- 
ciative employer.   W,  W, 


most  monotonous,  and  seems  somehow  soon  to  pro- 
voke satiety  on  the  part  of  show  visitors.  On  the 
other  hand,  whilst  it  really  affords  the  best  method  of 
staging  for  the  benefit  of  judging,  just  as  Rosis, 
Dahlias,  and  similar  flowers  are,  the  plan  is  most 
advantageous  to  exhibitors,  because  it  enables  them 
to  carry  their  blooms  to  exhibitions  over  long  dis- 
tances in  the  most  convenient  and  desirable  fashion. 
Any  system  of  staging  flowers,  for  instance,  which 
threw  the  blooms  up  materially  above  the  present 
level  would  render  it  needful  to  have  deeper  or  larger 
travelling  boxes  or  cases,  in  addition  to  which  it  is 
difficult  to  see  what  would  be  gained  if  any  such  plan 
were  universally  adopted,  because  it  would  be  about 
the  same  as  now  exists,  and  no  more.  If  it  be  desired 
to  obtain  some  more  pleasing  or  decorative  method  of 
exhibiting  Chrysanthemums,  apart  from  that  which 
ordinarily  exists,  and  for  other  than  competitive  pur- 
poses, then  stands  or  boxes  may  be  ignored  altogether, 
and  vases  or  epergnes  employed.  If  even  in  such 
arrangements  the  quality  of  blooms  is  to  be  a  feature 


ing  for  the  production  of  effect  no  doubt  the  Japanese 
blooms  would  prove  the  most  useful  and  pleasing.  Very 
likely  in  any  such  efTect  we  should  see  the  majority  of 
decorators  tempted  to  introduce  too  many  colours, 
but  that  would  be  a  mistake,  as  some  two  or  three 
striking  yet  harmonious  hues  would  be  far  more 
pleasing  and  acceptable.  The  National  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society  may  not  be  deterred  by  the  ill  success 
of  its  previous  well-intentioned  efforts  from  trying 
yet  farther  what  original  methods  of  showing  flowers 
can  be  displayed,  but  it  will  do  well  to  make  it  clear 
whether  the  special  objects  of  these  efforts  is  to  find 
a  more  pleasing  method  than  now  exists  of  exhibiting 
show  flowers,  or  whether  it  simply  wishes  to  ascertain 
what  decorative  effects  can  be  evolved'out  of,  say,  a 
dozen  ordinary  Chrysanthemum  blooms  of  any  kind 
and  in  any  way.  With  respect  to  Mr.  Cannell's 
remarkable  show  of  cut  flowers,  and  all  so  originally 
and  for  his  purpose  so  effectively  arranged,  it  is  but 
fair  to  say  that  no  one  has  ever  attempted  previously 
to  present  the  public  with  such  a  novel  and  attractive 
display  of  Chrysanthemum  blooms.  A>  D, 


Fig.  157.— aster  Washington  needle. 


Aster  Washington  Needle.  —  This,  a  new 
variety  of  Aster,  partakes  of  the  characteristics  of 
the  thread-petalled  varieties  of  Japanese  hybrid 
Chrysanthemums,  now  become  so  much  admired. 
It  is  of  pyramidal  growth,  with  needle-shaped  flowers 
of  4  to  5  inches  in  diameter  ;  it  is  the  largest  Aster 
having  needle-formed  petals,  and  is  one  of  the 
novelties  of  1886  to  be  sent  out  by  Messrs.  Haage  & 
Schmidt,  Erfurt.     (See  fig.  157.) 

Exhibiting  Chrysanthemum  Blooms.  —  The 
well  meant  efforts  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society  to  promote  some  other  than  the  present  stereo- 
typed method  of  staging  flowers,  seems  so  far  to  have 
failed  that  the  various  new  methods  exhibited  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium  the  other  day  obtained  no  com- 
mendation. It  is  just  possible  that  exhibitors  felt 
their  hands  tied  by  the  stipulation  that  the  flowers 
should  be  "  staged,"  as  this  term  has  a  well  understood 
and  a  limited  application.  It  is  well  known  that 
staging  show  flowers  signifies  placing  them  so  that 
they  may  be  most  fully  displayed  for  the  inspection  of 
the  judges,  and  no  method  has  yet  excelled  that  so 
universally  in  vogue.     The  system  is  horribly  flat  and 


then  all  blooms  must  be  faced  to  the  front,  and  that 
would  materially  detract  from  any  charm  attached  to 
novel  or  effective  arrangement.  Thus  the  style  adopted 
with  material  success  by  Mr.  Cannell  at  the  Aquarium 
show  of  exhibiting  his  fine  collection  of  flowers  in 
conical  bunches,  after  the  now  prevailing  fashion 
of  exhibiting  single  Dahlias,  whilst  permitting 
the  flowers  to  be  fronted  to  the  observer  yet  gave 
some  air  of  stiffness  and  formality  to  the  grouping 
just  because  it  was  obviously  impossible  that  flowers 
could  remain  in  such  positions  except  by  employing 
some  adventitious  aid.  Show  blooms  ofj  Chrysan- 
themums are  so  large  that  they  group  badly  in  any 
sort  of  way,  and  therefore  if  arranged  loosely  or 
naturally  more  than  usual  skill  is  needed  to  avoid 
lumpiness  and  formality,  which  seems  otherwise 
almost  inevitable.  Perhaps  some  interesting  effects 
might  be  obtained  by  showing  dozens  of  blooms  in 
round  flat  baskets  filled  with  moss,  especially  in 
distinct  colours,  or  a  deeper  basket  holding  some 
half-dozen  tall  Hyacinth  glasses  covered  with  moss 
into  each  of  which  were  dipped  some  three  or  four 
blooms  on  stems  of  diverse  length,  thus  varying  the 
height  of  the  flowers.     In  all  these  methods  of  group- 


Amasonia  punicea. — This  beautiful  flowering 
stove  shrub  remains  in  bloom  for  a  long  time,  which 
adds  greatly  to  its  decorative  value.  A  plant  that 
came  into  flower  on  August  8  was  as  gaily  bloomed 
at  the  end  of  October  as  at  any  time.  Every  little 
piece  appears  to  produce  blossoms,  and  cuttings  only 
two  months'  struck  were  seen  showing  for  flower. 
Its  striking  distinctness  of  character  is  self-evident. 
R.  D. 

Second  Leafing  and  Flowering  of  a  Lime 
Tree. — There  is  a  Lime  tree  on  the  estate  at  Bank 
Grove,  Kingston-on-Thames,  which  presents  a  re- 
markable appearance  at  the  present  time.  About  the 
middle  of  August  it  lost  all  its  foliage  through  the 
dryness  of  the  season,  a  few  days  after  it  commenced 
to  grow  again,  and  about  the  end  of  September  it 
was  in  full  leaf  and  in  flower  the  second  time  and 
it  has  looked  beautiful  and  green  since  up  to  the 
beginning  of  last  week,  when  the  frost  commenced, 
which  has  made  it  look  rather  brown  in  some  parts. 
C,  Attrell. 

Chrysanthemums  at  the  Royal  Nursery, 
Slough. — A  thoroughly  representative  collection  of 
these  flowers  has  made,  and  still  continues  to  make,  a 
grand  display  at  the  above  nursery.  One  large  structure 
that  formerly  accommodated  the  famous  Slough 
Azaleas  is  filled  with  a  most  select  and  varied  assoit- 
ment  of  the  Japanese  varieties,  whilst  in  another  long 
house  are  grouped  on  either  side  of  the  path  a  mixed 
collection,  which,  viewed  from  either  end,  forms  a 
most  attractive  vista.  In  another  house,  of  somewhat 
lofty  dimensions,  are  arranged  the  cream  of  the 
incurved  varieties,  among  which  are  many  flowers 
that  would  hold  their  own  in  any  exhibition  stand. 
Other  houses  are  filled  with  later  varieties  that  will 
extend  the  season  well  on  to  Christmas.  The  entire 
collection  forms  an  exhibition  in  itself,  and  if  it  were 
possible  to  arrange  them  all  under  one  roof  the  effect 
would  be  something  unique  in  its  character  and 
instructive  in  its  results  if  only  for  comparison.   '}.  H. 

Begonia,  John  Heal.^This  new  hybrid  is  re- 
markable for  the  length  of  time  its  flowers  will 
remain  fresh  in  a  cut  state.  Some  flowers  were  taken 
from  a  plant  on  October  14,  and  on  October  23  they 
were  to  all  appearance  as  fresh  as  when  cut.  The 
blossoms  do  not  drop  quickly  as  in  the  case  of  the 
ordinary  tuberous-rooted  types,  and  the  flowers  are 
all  male.  At  present  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any 
possibility  of  obtaining  seed  from  it.  R.  D. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

/ECHMEA  BRASILIKNSIS,  Gartenftora  (1885), 
t.  1202. 

Azalea  punctulata  flore-pleno.  Revue  de 
V HortiaiUure  Beige,  November. 

BiLEERGIA  Glaziovii,  Gartenflora  (1885), 
t.  1203. 

Hedychium  ellipticum,  Gartenflora,  t.  I20I 
(1885). 

L.'ELIa  elegans,  Orchidophile  (1885),  November. 

MUTISIA  DECURREN3,  Illustration  Horticole, 
t.  568. 

Prunus  triloba.  Garden,  October  3. 

Skimmia  rubella,  Revue  de  V Horticulture  Beige, 
November. 


694 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NoVtMRER   28,    iSSj. 


EDINBURGrI  BOTANICAL  :  Nov.  12. 

{CoJtdu  'td/ronij'.  662.) 
II.    "Report  of  Half-llardy  Plants  growing  on  the 
East  Coast  of  Arran."     By  the   Rev.  D.  Landsborough, 
Kilmarnock.     {Unless  oiherwise  mentioned,   the  giiihs 
are  taken  5  feet  from  the  ground  ) 

"  In  niy  report  this  year  I  will  confine  myself  almost 
exclusively  to  Gum  trees,  Tree  Ferns,  Tree  Lilies,  and 
Wattles." 

The  Eucalyptus  in  Akr.\n. 
"  No  tree  so  fully  realises  the  beautiful  saying  of 
Scripture,  "  The  leaves  of  the  tree  were  for  the  healing 
of  the  nations,'  as  the  Gum  Trees  of  Australia.  They 
heal  the  land  by  drying  the  poisonous  marsh.  They 
heal  the  air  by  emillmg  quinlilies  of  ozone  to  purify  it, 
by  removing  injurious  organic  mailer.  They  heal  man 
himself  by  preventing  the  spre,id  of  disease  ;  by  arresting 
the  violence  of  fever  ;  by  allaying  the  irritation  of  cough, 
and  by  giving  sleep  to  the  slet-piess. 

"  We  rejoice  to  be  able  to  report  that  many  species  of 
this  tree  grow  in  Arran.    .Thev  are  as  follows  :  — 

"  I.  The  Blue  .Gmu  (Eucalyptus  globulus).— This  U 
the  best  known,  and  the  most  extensively  planted  of  all 
die  Gqhis.  It  germinates  freely,  grows  rapidly,  and 
attains  a  great  height— as  high  as  330  feet.  When 
young  its  leaves  are  soft,  and  covered  with  a  fine  bloom, 
and  diffuse  abundantly  a  camphoretic  odour.  It  also 
abounds  in  that  oil  which  has  been  found  so  beneficial  as 
a  medicine.  Like  most  of  the  Gums,  its  appearance  in 
the  earlier  years  of  its  growth  is  very  different  from  what 
it  becomes  when  the  tree  is  more  advanced.  Then  the 
leaves  acquire  a  scimitar  shape,  beco;ne  leathery,  diffuse 
less  perfume,  and  the  tree  is  altogether  much  less 
attractive.  In  this  country  it  has  also  the  disadvantage 
of  being  delicate— no  tree  in  Scotland,  growing  in  the 
open  air,  having  survived  the  severe  winter  of  1860—61, 
except  the  one  at  Captain  Brown's.  Craigyard,  Lam- 
lash.  It  is  now  about  30  ieet  in  height,  and  is  i  foot 
loj  inches  in  girth.  Anoihtr  plant  grows  at  Sirabane, 
Brodick.  The  species  is  named  from  the  form  of  the 
leaves  when  the  plant  is  young.  It  has  not  yet  bloomed 
in  Arran.  nor  any  of  the  others. 

"2.  The  Twiggy  or  Manna  Gum  (E.  viminalis).— 
This  may  be  called  the  Weeping  Blue  Gum,  for  while  it 
differs  from  the  Blue  Gum  in  the  leaves  being  small  and 
roundish,  and  in  the  brandies  being  very  blender,  the 
leaves  much  resemble  the  Blue  Gum  in  perfume,  bloom, 
and  also  in  hue.  thougti  this  is  somewhat  more  of  a 
plum  colour.  This  species  is  very  hardy.  A  large  tree 
grows  at  Whittinghame.  East  Lothian.  One  has  been 
planted  this  year  at  Lamlish.  It  is  named  E.  viminalis, 
from  the  slenderness  of  its  branches-- Manna  Gum  from 
manna  being  obtained  from  it. 

"3.  The  Almond-leaved  Gum  (E.  amygdallna).— This 
and  Eucalyptus  colosea  are  the  tallest  trees  in  the  world, 
growing,  in  some  instances,  to  the  height  of  nearly 
500  feet.  A  tree  of  this  species  has  grown  at  Cromla, 
Corrie,  for  about  fourteen  years.  It  is  somewhat  slow 
in  growth,  being  yet  only  about  25  feet  in  height  and 
13  inches  in  girth.  This  Gum  is  more  hardy  than  the 
Blue  Gum,  but  not  so  hardy  as  some  other  species.  It 
is  named  from  the  leaves  resembling  those  of  the  Almond 
tree.  U  and  the  Blue  Gum  are  the  species  from  which 
the  oil  of  commerce  is  principally  obtained. 

"4.  The  White  Gum  (E.  pauciflora  syn.  coriacea).— 
In  1879  I  received  seed  of  this  species  from  Mr.  Bailey, 
Government  Botanist,  Queensland  ;  it  had  been  gathered 
on  the  Blue  Mountains,  New  South  Wales.  I  sowed  it 
at  once.  The  following  year  (x88o)  it  was  planted  at 
Craigyard,  Lamlash.  It  is  already  iSi  feet  in  height, 
and  yh  inches  in  girth,  and  probably  will  one  day  be 
the  tallest  tree  of  any  kind  in  Scotland,  and  probably  in 
Britain.  It  is  so  hardy  ih.il  not  even  a  leaf  was  browned 
in  the  severe  winter  of  1880—81.  Its  leave5  are  very 
large,  approaching  the  size  of  those  of  the  Blue  Gum. 
They  are  covered  with  a  whitish  bloom.  It  is  called  the 
White  Gum  because  of  the  whiteness  of  the  trunk  alter  the 
annual  shading  of  the  bark.  It  is  a  native  of  Tasmania, 
and  its  white  trunks  give  a  peculiar.character  to  the  forests 
of  that  great  island.  Plants  of  it  grow  also  at  Brodick 
and  Coirie. 

"5.  IheAlpineGum  {E.  alpina). — This  tree  is  a  very 
interesting  and  important  addition  to  the  forestry  of 
Arran,  as  it  is  altogether  diverse  in  habit  from  any  of  the 
Gums  formerly  introduced.  Its  leaf  is  large,  thick,  and 
remarkably  broad,  9  inches  by  4V.  It  is  specially  illus- 
trative of  that  feature  in  the  trees  of  Australia  which 
enables  them  to  expose  themselves  edgeways,  instead  of 
horizontally,  to  the  sun,  for  the  development  of  one  side 
of  the  leaf  is  almost  twice  that  of  the  other,  and  thus  the 
superior  weight  of  the  one  side  causes  it  to  hang  down, 
and  to  moke  the  opposite  side  stand  erect.  The  habit 
of  the  tree  also  corresponds  to  the  shape  of  the  leaf, 
being  broad  and  close.  This  tree  also  illustrates  the 
well-known  fact  that  some  alpine  plants  grow  well  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  sea.  This  tree,  which,  as  its  name  denotes, 
is  a  native  of  the  alpine  regions  of  Australia,  is  at  Corrie 
Hotel,  Arran,  growing  in  fullest  luxuriance  within  35 
yards  of  the  sea,  at  high  water.  It  was  planted  last  year, 
and  is  now  3^  feet  in  height.     I  send  a  leaf. 

"6.  The  Cider  Gum  or  Mountain  White  Gum  (E. 
Gunnii).— The  leaves  of  this  Gum  are  small,  of  a  light 
green  colour,  and  are  highly  odoriferous.  It  is  veiy 
hardy,  and  grows  in  the  open  air  at  Kew.  A  plant  6  feet 
S  inches  in  height  grows  at  Craigyard,  Lamlash  ;  a 
smaller  one  at  the  Free  Church  Manse,  Whitingbay.  It 
receives  the  name  Cider  Gum  from  the  liquid  that  flows 
irom  it  when  the  bark  is  pierced. 


"7.  The  Urn-bearing  Gum  {E.  urnigera).  —  The 
leaves  of  this  species  are  of  medium  size  and  of  a  dark 
green  colour.  It  grows  at  Strabane,  Brodick,  and  is 
very  hardy.  It  receives  its  name  from  the  shape  of  the 
vessel  containing  its  seed. 

"8.  The  Coccus-bearing  Gum  (E.  coccifera),— This 
differs  from  most  of  the  Gums  in  the  leaves  being 
leathery,  even  when  the  plant  is  very  young.  They  are 
small  and  of  a  daik  bluish  colour,  and  look  as  if  covered 
widi  bloom.  This  species  is  veiy  hardy.  A  tree  of  it 
grows  at  Bowderham  Castle,  Kenton,  Devcnihire,  more 
than  60  feel  in  height  and  more  than  a  foot  in  diameter. 
A  tree  of  u  hat  I  consider  this  species,  though  the  authori- 
ties at  Kev/  have  pronounced  it  to  be  E.  amygdalina, 
grows  at  Castle  Kennedy,  Wigtonshire.  It  grows  at 
several  places  in  Arran. 

"In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  Gums  already 
in  Arran,  through  the  kindness  of  friends  allowing  me  to 
plant  them  in  their  gardens,  l^may  mention  that  I  have 
specimens  of  the  Fig-leavedGuni  (E,  ficifolia),  from  Broken 
Inlet,  Westt-rn  Australia,  the  leaves  of  which,  as  its  name 
denotes,  resemble  those  of  a  soecies  of  Fig.  It  is  also 
remarkable  for  fiowfring  when  comparatively  young, 
and  from  the  flowers  being  of  a  crimson  colour  ;  I  have 
also  a  plant  of  the  crimson-flowered  Iron-Bark  \E.  leu- 
cox'ylon  var.  coccinea),  whose  flowers  are  magenta-crim- 
son in  colour.  Its  leaves  are  small  and  narrow,  and  the 
benches  slender,  so  that  it  much  resembles  a  Babylo- 
nian Willow.  Its  wood  is  said  to  excel  thai  of  all  other 
trees  in  hardness.  I  have  also  the  red  Iron-Bark  (E. 
siderophloia,  the  bark  of  which,  as  its  name  tells,  is 
almost  iron-like  in  hardness.  Its  leaves  much  resemble 
those  of  the  Turkey  0-ik,  the  veins  are  red,  on  account 
of  which  il  is  named  ihe  red  Iron-Bark. 

"This  summer  I  have  further,  through  William 
Stewart,  Esq.,  been  favoured  by  receiving  from  Sir  F. 
Mueller,  Guvernmcnt  Botanist,  Victoria,  seeds  of  E. 
conifera— these  havejust^erminated  ;  also  of  E.  pauci- 
flora, the  White  Gum  already  mentioned,  as  growing  so 
well  in  .Arran.  I  have  also  received  a  similar  favour  Irom 
Mr,  Bailey,  Government  Botanist,  Queensland,  who 
has  sent  the  seeds  of  '  a  rare  and  most  valuable  Lemon- 
scented  Iron-B.irk'  (E.  staigeriana)  from  the  Palmer 
River,  Queensland.  It  also  has  germinated  under  the 
kind  car".'  of  my  friend  Mr.  Gray,  gardener.  Newtield. 

•■  I  only  add  that  plants  of  several  of  the  moi,t  hardy 
Gums,  such  as  E.  pauciflora,  E.  Gunnii,  E.  urnigera, 
and  E.  coccifera.  are  now  growing  at  various  places 
of  the  west  coist  of  Scotland— at  Knockdok-an  and 
Auchearne,  neir  Balantrae  ;  at  the  Established  Manse, 
Rosneath  ;  and  at  Ballinakill,  Can  tyre. 

Tree  Ferns. 

"  At  one  time  I  inngined  that  Tree  Ferns  were 
remarkably  slow  in  growth,  and  that  no  one  could  hope 
to  raise  them  from  seud  and  see  them  worthy  of  the  name 
Tree  Ferns.  All  such  ideas  have  been  dissipated  by  my 
experience  in  growing  them  in  the  open  air  in  Arran,  as 
the  following  notes  show  :— 

"  The  great  Bush  Tree  Fern  (Dicksonia  antarctica).— 
This  plant  was  probably  sown  in  1865,  as  it  was  very 
small  when  I  planted  it  at  Cromla.  Corrie,  in  1867.  It 
took  about  eight  years  to  acquire  its  full  girth  of  stem. 
The  stem  then  began  to  ascend  at  the  rate  of  about 
3  inches  yeariy,  while  during  this  period  the  plant  formed, 
both  in  spring  and  autunm,  heads  of  fresh  fronds. 
About  the  year  i83o  the  leaves  began  to  bear  spores,  and 
since  then  it  has  grown  annually  only  about  2  inches, 
and  it  has  also  sent  out  yearly  only  one  crown,  developed 
in  spring,  and  consisting  of  eighteen  or  more  fronds, 
each  of  them  about  6  feet  in  length  and  2  feet  in  breadth. 
Its  stem  is  now  2  feet  2  inches  high,  and  2  feet  3^  inches 
in  girth  ;  it  is  a  magnificent  plant. 

■'  Dicksonia  squarrosa.— This  plant  was  brought  from 
Canterbury,  New  Zealand,  and  was  given  me  by  Mr. 
Gray,  Newfield.  It  is  now  in  perfect  health.  The  fronds 
are  3  feet  3J  inches  in  length,  and  14  inches  in  breadth. 

CORDYLINES. 

"  These  plants  receive  in  Australia  the  name  of  '  the 
Victorian  Palms,'  or  '  the  Cabbage  Palms."  At  Cromla, 
Corrie,  where  three  species  grow,  they  are  worthy  of  the 
name  Palm,  as  the  largest,  a  plant  of  Cordyline  indivisa, 
sown  by  me  in  1B73,  and  planted  in  1875,  is  now  (in- 
cluding leaves)  13  feet  in  height,  and  has  a  stem  i  foot 
3J  inches  in  girth.     It  may  be  expected  soon  to  bloom. 

Acacias. 

"The  most  graceful  and  beautiful  of  all  evergreen 
shrubs  are  the  pinnatifid  varieties  of  this  family.  That 
they  are  so  considered  in  .\uslralia,  from  which 
most  of  them  come,  appears  from  the  name  there 
given  tl- em — 'Feather-leal.'  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to 
report  most  favourably  of  them  in  Arran.  The  Black 
Feather-leaf  (Acacia  decurrens).  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful, and  also  one  of  the  most  dehcate  in  appearance,  is 
now  growing  at  Craigyard,  Lamlash.  It  is,  like  the 
other  plants,  a  standard,  is  7  feet  10  inches  in  height, 
and  is  growmg  in  great  luxuriance.  It  grows  also  at  ihe 
Lamlash  Cemetery.  Another  variety,  specially  named 
the  Feather-like  Feather-leaf  (Acacia  penniformis),  of  a 
blue-green  shade,  which  does  not  close  its  pinnules  at 
night,  and  in  dull  weather,  as  does  the  other,  also 
grows  at  Craigyard,  Lamlash.  A  third  Feather-leaf  (A. 
longifolia)  grows  at  Strabane,  Brodick.  The  Broad- 
leaf  Acacia  (A.  pycnantha)  grows  at  Craigyard. 

'^  Miice'laneous  Plants. — The  broad-leaved  Chinese  Fir 
(Cunninghamia  sinensis),  the  Australian  Bramble  (Rubus 
australis).  Pittosporum  undulatum,  whose  flower  is  so 
fragrant  ;  and  the  Oak  or  Beef  Wood  (Casuarina  equise- 
tiforme),  all  grow  in  the  Castle  Garden.  Brodick. 
Camellias,  Myrtles,  and  Desfontainea  spinosa  (7  feet 
8  inches  high),  all  bloom  freely  at  Cromla,  Corrie. 
Agalmya  tomentosa  has  just  been  planted  at  Craigyard, 


Lamla.sh.  I  have  also  pl.=nts  of  the  Bottle  Tree  of  Aus- 
traha  (Brachychiton  diversilolium).  the  Grass  Tree  of 
Australia  (Xanthorrhaea  arborea),  of  L.bertia  grandi- 
flora,  and  of  a  Dasyhrion  from  Mexico,  which  I  hope 
ere  long  to  transfer  to  Arran." 

III.  "Exhibition  of  rare  British  plants,  from  Mr.  A. 
Bennett,  Croydon." 

Specimens  of  rare  Scottish  plants  were  exhibited  from 
Mr.  .A,.  Bennett,  Croydon,  including  Carex  elongata, 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  McAndrew,  from  Kenmore  Holms, 
Kirkcudbright  ;  Carex  saUna  var.  kattegatensis.  and 
Calamagrostis  slrigosa,  both  collected  by  Mr.  J.  Grant, 
Wick,  from  that  neighbourhood. 

IV.  "  Progress  of  Vegetation  at  the  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  Edinburgh,  from  July  till  October."  By  Robert 
Lindsay.  Curator. 

"All  outdoor  vegetation  suffered  severely  from  the 
excessive  drought  which  prevailed  during  the  month  of 
July.  Many  trees  and  shrubs  had  their  growth  arrested. 
Herbaceous  plants  were  dwarfed,  but  continued  to 
flower  freely.  Grass  lawns  were  very  brown,  and 
required  Utile  or  no  cutting.  Aphis  were  very  abundant. 
Beech,  Elm,  and  Lime  trees  were  specially  infested  by 
them,  much  injury  being  done  to  their  foliage  in  conse- 
quence. There  were  twenty  dry  days,  and  only  slight 
showers  of  rain  during  the  remainder.  The  lowest 
night  temperature  was  41"  on  the  ist  of  the  month,  and 
the  highest  75"*  on  the  25lh.  The  highest  day  tempera- 
ture was  84°  on  the  23d,  and  the  lowest  56"  on  the  26th. 
On  the  rock  garden  23Q  species  and  varieties  of  plants 
cams  into  flower  during  July,  amongst  which  were  the 
following  : — 


Astrngalus  purpuie 


Anomatheca  cruent 
Campanula  elegant 
,,     isophylla 
„    Waldsteinian, 
Calliprora  flava 
Cistus  Horentinus 
Erica  ramulosa 
Erythraa  difTu^a 


Gentiana     scpt-;mfida 

cordifolia 
Lilium  Krameri 
Meconopsis  Wallichii 
Leontopodium  alpinum 
Saxlfraga  Hausmani 

,,     odontophylla 


Orobanche  rtbra,  &c. 


"Augustwasalsoane.xceedingly  dry  month,  there  being 
nineteen  days  when  no  rain  fell.  Several  low  night  tem- 
peratures were  registered  for  this  month.  The  lowest 
readings  were,  on  the  14th,  37*  ;  I5lh,  yj°  ;  19th,  38'' ; 
30th,  37*  ;  31st,  38^.  The  highest  morning  readings 
were,  on  the  loth,  66" ;  i8th,  62"  ;  19th,  65°  ;  22d,  62"  ; 
24th,  66*.  East  and  norih-east  winds  were  prevalent. 
Autumn  tints  began  to  show  early  this  season  ;  Sugar 
Maple,  Pavia  flava,  and  Ampelopsis  Veitchii  were  well 
coloured  by  the  end  of  the  month.  Seventy-six  species 
of  plants  came  into  flower  on  the  rock  garden,  araongst 
the  most  conspicuous  were  : — 

Calochortus  pulchellus  Origanum  Toiirnefortii 

Calluna  vulgaris,  fl.-pl.  Polygonum  capitatum 

Clematis  Jackmanin  Platycodon  pumilum 

Cyclamen  hedersfoliuni  Pterocephakis  Parii.issi 
Colchicumspeciosumrubrum         Seiiecio  speciosus 

Delphinium  cardinak  Saxifraga  flageUaris 

Gentiana  omata  Spirsea  Bumaldi 

,,     tibetica  .Scabiosa  speciosa 

Hypericum  patuUiin  Veronica  longifolia 


sub- 


Munlbretia  Po; 


"Frost  set  in  early  this  season.  On  September  i  the 
thermometer  stood  at  31°,  or  1°  of  frost,  but  in  several 
districts  in  Scotland  10*  of  frost  were  registered  at  the 
same  date.  Last  year  the  first  frost  registered  here 
occurred  on  October  ir,  when  3*^  of  frost  were  registend. 
Other  low  readings  occurred,  on  the  nth,  33°  ;  26th,  33** ; 
27th,  26".  The  highest  morning  readings  were  on  the 
4th,  66^;  6th,  60°;  17th,  Ci*' ;  22d,  58^.  Westeriy 
winds  were  prevalent,  and  a  good  supply  of  rain  fell, 
there  being  only  ten  perfectly  dry  days  throughout  the 
month.  Dahlias  and  other  tender  plants  were  cut  down 
by  the  6°  of  frost  which  occurred  on  the  27lh.  Owing 
to  the  continued  drought  throughout  the  summer  months 
many  shrubs  have  made  a  second  growth,  and  a  few 
have  flowered  prematurely. 

"The  season  has  been  very  favourable  for  ripening 
seeds  of  herbaceous  and  annual  plants  ;  thirty  species 
came  into  bloom  on  the  rock  garden  during  the  month, 
amongst  which  were — 

Allium  gUucum  Lilium  tigrinum 

Crocus  nuditlonis  Lobelia  lutea 

,,     speciosus  Monlbretia  crocosmse flora 

Coreopsis  tenuifolius  Rudbeckia  Newmanni 

(.lentiaii.i  asclepiadea  alba  Schizostylis  coccinea 

t;iadiolus  Saniidcrsi  Veronicaglauco  coerulca,  &c 

"  During  October  the  thermometer  was  at  or  below 
the  freezing  point  on  four  nights,  indicating  collectively 
20''  of  frost.  The  lowest  readings  occurred  on  the  nth, 
26"  ;  i2ih,  27°  ;  23d.  32"  ;  25ih,  23°  ;  30th,  34°.  The 
highest  morning  readings  were  on  the  2d,  51"  ;  3d,  49°  ; 
7th,  50"  ;  i6th,  43*.  The  lowest  day  temperature  was 
42^  on  the  22d  ;  and  the  highest,  58°,  on  the  2d  of  the 
month.  There  were  ten  days  when  no  rain  fell,  and 
although  there  was  more  or  less  rain  during  the  remain- 
ing twenty-one  days,  plants,  such  as  Rhododendrons, 
which  were  growing  underneath  trees  in  various  parts  of 
the  garden,  were  suffering  from  drought  until  the  last 
week  of  the  monlli.  Autumn  tints  were  very  fine,  but  of 
short  duration,  on  various  trees  and  shrubs  ;  the  brightest 
and  best  coloured  of  all  were  the  different  forms  of  hardy 
Azaleas,  some  of  their  leaves  showing  rich  crimson 
shades,  others  brown  and  yellow.  Maples,  Oaks,  Beech, 
Pyrus,  Berberis,  Liquidambar,  and  Tulip  tree  have  also 
had  finely  coloured  leaves.  The  brown  hues  which  some 
Conifers  assume  at  this  season  ol  the  year  have  been 
most  conspicuous  on  Thuia  aurea  and  elegantissima. 
Fruit  is  abundant  on  Holly,  Cotoneaster,  Thorn,  Yew, 
Euonymus,  and  Gaullheria.  Late-flowering  herbaceous 
plants  have  been  very  well  flowered,  and  many  are  yet  in 
good  condition,  amongst  the  best  being  Tritomas,  Asters, 


NOVEAIDER    2S, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


695 


Chrysanihemuma,  Htlleborus  altifoUus,  and  autumn- 
flowering  species  of  Crocus. 

**  On  ihe  rock  garden  the  following  species  came 
into  bloom  during  the  month,  viz.,  Crocus  byzan- 
tinus,  ;C.  medius,  CEnothera  acaulis,  Mutisia  decur- 
rens,  Polygala  chama;buxus  purpurea,  Hepatica  tri- 
loba alba.  From  January  i  till  the  end  of  October 
1 1 68  species  of  hardy  plants,  including  well  marked 
varieties,  have  flowered  on  the  rock  garden.  At  the 
same  date  last  year  1112  had  flowered." 

Mr.  Lindsay  exhibited  from  the  garden  flowers  of 
Mutisia  decurrens,  and  small  branches,  covered  with 
fruit,  of  GauUheria  carnea,  both  from  the  open  air.  Seed- 
ling plants  of  Euci^lyptus  pauciflora  and  coccifera,  natives 
of  lasmania,  were  shown.  He  also  mentioned  that  he 
had  succeeded  in  raising  seedlings  from  the  large  Euca- 
lyptus which  had  grown  in  the  open  air  at  Wliittinghame, 
East  Lothian,  since  1846.  The  seeds  were  ripened  this 
summer.  This  tree,  whicli  had  been  supposed  to  b;; 
Eucalyptus  viminalis,  had  been  determined  by  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  to  be  E.  Gunni,  a  native  of  Tasmania. 

V.  "On  the  Temperature  and  Vegetation  at  the 
Gkisgow  Botanic  Institute  for  September."  By  R. 
HuUen,  Curator. 

"  The  thermometer  has  been  below  the  freezing-point 
three  limes  during  the  month,  tlie  lowest  record  being 
6"  during  the  night  of  the  26lh.  The  highest  day  tem- 
perature was  70^^  on  the  6th,  the  next  liighest  was  64* 
on  the  3J  and  -jth,  and  60' on  the  i6th,  all  other  day<; 
having  varied  from  51"  to  59'^.  The  nights  have  aUo 
been  comparatively  cold,  showery  days  have  been  fre- 
quent, ofien  heavy,  and  weather  occasionally  boisterous. 
The  sudden  and  severe  frosts  experienced  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  27th  proved  disastrous  to  all  half-hardy 
plants,  not  only  in  the  garden  ;  field  crops,  especially 
Potatos,  have  suffered  severely  m  many  places,  where 
the  temperature  fell  much  below  that  recorded  here. 
The  cold  wave  which  has  so  recently  passed  over  the 
country  has  seldom  been  felt  so  severely  so  early  in  the 
season.  All  hope  of  saving  seeds  of  many  tender  p'ants 
has  vanished.  Although  we  have  had  a  very  dry  and 
bright  summer,  we  have  had  a  constant  succession  of 
cold  nights,  which  have  had  a  bad  effect  not  only  on  the 
maturation  of  seeds,  but  on  the  backward  state  of  late- 
blooming  plants,  such  as  Dahlias  ;  tliese  were  just  coming 
into  bloom.  Chrysanthenuims  are  also  in  a  very  back- 
ward stale,  particularly  the  late-blooming  kinds. 

"  The  temperature  for  October,  has  been  at  or 
below  the  freezing-point  eleven  limes  during  the  monih, 
with  a  total  of  29°,  12°  of  which  were  registered  during 
the  night  of  the  24th.  This  is  the  lowest  temperature 
recorded  here  for  many  years  for  the  same  month  ;  15' 
and  16^  were  recorded  in  several  places  not  many  miles 
distant.  The  day  temperatures  hav<;  been  below  the 
average,  as  well  as  the  rainfall.  The  greater  part  o(  tlie 
month,  the  weather  was  all  that  could  be  desired,  and 
aff"orded  every  facility  for  outdoor  gardening  operation. 
It  is  seldom  that  late  leafing  trees  have  been  so  entirely 
denuded  of  their  foliage  so  early  in  autumn,  but  the 
young  wood  of  most  tree  seems  to  be  well  ripened." 

VI.  Miscellaneous  communications  : — 

Mr.  Neill  Fraser  intimated  having  gathered  in  Septem- 
ber, 1884,  on  a  mountain  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pit- 
lochrie,  Perthshire,  Astragalus  alpinus,  hitherto  recorded 
as  having  been  found  at  only  two  stations  in  Scotland 
(Clova  and  Braemar).  and  Oxytropis  campestris,  only 
found  hitherto  at  one  station.  Neither  was  in  flower. 
U  is  possible,  when  further  specimens  are  obtained,  that 
the  Oxytropis  may  turn  out  to  be  Halleri,  also  a  very  rare 
alpine  plant ;  but  Mr.  Fraser  believes  _it  to  be  campestris 
that  he  discovered. 


EDINBURGH  APPLE  AND  PEAR 
CONGRESS. 

{from  our  own  correspondent.) 
Edinburgh,  November  26— From  a  pomological  point 
of  view  this  is  undoubtedly  a  great  event,  and  so  far 
as  the  aim?  and  objects  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal 
Caledonian  Horticultural  Society  arc  concerned  in  initiat- 
ing and  conducting  it  to  the  present  stage  —  that  cf 
an  exhibition— it  is  an  unquaUficd  success.  The  four 
tables,  stretching  ab^ut  100  yards  each  along  the 
north  side  of  the  great  Waverley  Market,  with  three 
others  extending  across  the  width  of  the  western  end, 
are  laden  with  Apples  and  Pears  from  nearly  every 
latitude  and  various  altitudes  in  the  United  King- 
dom, from  Germany,  and  from  Nova  Scotia,  showing 
qualities  as  various  as  the  districts  whence  the  seveial 
lots  come.  The  extremes,  in  so  far  as  the  British  Islands 
are  concerned,  meet  here  in  the  collection  from  Kent 
and  that  from  Orkney  ;  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  the 
gradations  in  quahty  from  either  extreme  as  exhibited  on 
these  tables.  ,     ,      ■     . 

It  is  impossible  to  particularise  in  detail  m  the  Imiited 
space  at  our  disposal,  and  much  that  is  of  general  as 
well  as  particular  interest  must  unavoidably  be  omitted 
at  present.  The  importance  and  practical  value  of  the 
Congress  in  respect  of  the  advantages  that  may  accrue 
irom  it  can  only  be  barely  alluded  to,  but  the  ample 
materials  so  liberally  brought  together  by  so  many 
willing  coadjutors  on  this  occasion  offer  the  best  oppor- 
tunity that  has  ever  occurred  in  the  metropolis  o(  the 
northern  kingdom  for  correcting  the  nomenclature  and 
assessing  the  relative  values  of  different  sorts  of  Apples 
and  Pears,  and  also  the  adaptability  of  different  kinds  to 
different  conditions  of  soil  and  climate. 

The  arrangement  of  the  collections  from  the  difR'rent 
counties  adopted  by  the  committee  of  management  is 
alphabetical,  which  has  the  merit  of  simphcity  at  least, 
and  following  it  we  now  proceed  to  note  briefly  the 
leading  characteristics  of  each. 


Aberdeenshire  is  represented  by  six  collections  of 
Apples  and  one  of  Pears  Irom  private  gardens,  and  two 
of  Apples  and  one  of  Pears  from  nurserymen. 

Mr.  Donaldson.  The  Gardens,  Keith  Hall.  Inverarle, 
sendssixty  varieties  of  Apples  and  twelve  varieties  of  Pears, 
which,  considering  the  coid  bleak  climate  in  which  they 
were  grown,  are  very  fair  generally ;  most  noteworthy 
are  good  samples  of  Apples— Red  Astrachan,  Devon- 
shire Quarrenden,  Fearn's  Pippin,  and  Annie  Elizabeth  ; 
and  of  Pears — Hacon's  Incomparable,  Marie  Louise, 
Beurre  d'Aremberg,  Beurr^  Napoleon,  Beurte  Diel. 

Mr.  Forrest.  The  Gardens,  Haddo  House.  Aberdeen, 
sends  twenty-four  varieties  of  Apples  of  fair  merit. 

The  collection  sent  by  Messrs.  James  Cocker  &.  Sons, 
nurserymen,  Aberdeen,  comprises  225  varieties  collected 
from  various  parts  of  the  county,  thus  exhibiting  very 
fully  the  varieties  grown  wiihin  its  limits.  Very  fair 
samples  of  Knight's  Monarch  and  Duchesse  d'Angou- 
leme  Pears  from  walls  occur  in  the  collection,  and  of  , 
Apples  good  samples  of  the  rare  and  choicer  Oslin. 
Warner's  King,  and  Tower  of  Glammis,  were  con- 
spicuous. 

The  contribution  of  Messrs.  Smith  &  Son.  nurserymen. 
Aberdeen,  comprises  150  vaneucs,  but -these  are  not 
representative  of  the  county,  samples  appearing  from 
Nairn,  Dingwall,  and  Morayshire,  which  somewhat  con- 
fuses the  alphabetical  arrangement  of  the  Congress,  as 
well  as  the  objects  thereof.  In  general  they  are  only  of 
moderate  merit,  and  comprise  varieties  similar  to  those 
represented  in  the  other  collections  from  Aberdeenshire. 

Ayrshire. — There  are  five  collections,  all  from  private 
gardens,  more  remarkable  for  fine  colour  than  size.  The 
largest  collection  is  from  Mr.  Bogie,  Auchan  Gardens, 
comprising  150  varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty  varieties 
of  Pears,  and  who  is  the  only  exhibitor  of  Pears  from 
this  county. 

Mr.  G.lchrist.  Cairnhill,  Hurlford,  sends  a  collection 
of  tiiirty  varieties  of  .'\pples.  well  coloured,  but  deficient 
in  size  as  compared  with  average  Scotch  samples. 

Mr.  Wilson,  Auchenermrie.  Ayr.  sends  also  thirty- 
two  varieties,  Apples  and  Pears — ^the  latter,  from  walls, 
very  good — Eeurr^  Die!,  Marie  Louise,  and  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme.  being  noteworthy. 

Argyllshire. — This  ounty  sends  but  one  represen- 
tative—Mr. Grierson,  Toriei&k  Gardens,  Tobermory. 
Isle  of  Mull,  with*  twenty-four  varieties  of  Apples,  and 
four  varieties  of  Pears,  which,  considering  the  natural 
conditions  under  which  they  have  been  grown,  are  very 
presentable  fruit. 

Berwickshire. — The  most  conspicuous  collection  from 
this  county  is  that  from  Paxton  House,  Mr.  Mcintosh 
gr.,  comprising  100  varieties  of  .Vpples,  which  are  fair  in 
size  and  quality. 

Caithness. — This  northern  county  sends  one  represen- 
tative— Mr.  Muaro,  Keir's  Castle.  Wick,  who  has  twenty, 
five  varieties  of  Apples  and  live  varieties  of  Pears. 
Culinary  Apples  comparatively  good.  Amongst  the 
Pears  Black  Achan  and  Moorfowl  Egg  were  good, 
Marie  Louise  small  but  clean. 

Dumfritsshire  is  fairly  represented  by  a  collection  of 
a  hundred  varieties  of  Apples  from  Messrs.  Kennedy 
&  Co.,  Dumfries,  which  show  fair  average  merit  for 
Scotland. 

Eiiit  Lothian  is  strongly  represented  by  nine  large 
collections,  all  conspicuous  for  fair  size  and  good 
colouring. 

Mr.  Brunton,  Gilmerton  Gardens,  Drem,  sends  133 
varieties  of  Apples  and  thirty  varieties  of  Pears,  remark- 
able for  siz^  and  excellence  of  colour. 

Mr.  James  Morrison,  Archerfield  Gardens,  sends  no 
varieties  of  Apples  and  thirty  varieties  of  Pears,  all  good 
for  the  district  ;  noticeable  among  the  latter  are  Flemish 
Beauty  and  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  very  good. 

Mr.  Brotherton,  Tyningham  Gardens,  sends  a  hundred 
varieties  of  Applts  and  twenty  varieties  of  Pears,  com- 
prising evidently  an  excellent  selection  for  the  district,  as 
all  are  good. 

Mr.  Garrett,  Whittingham  Gardens,  Prestonkirk,  sends 
sixty  varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty  varieties  of  Pears, 
very  good. 

Mr.  Dow,  Newbyth.  Prestonkirk,  sends  sixty  varieties 
of  Apples  and  Pears,  a  very  superior  lot. 

Mr.  McKelvie,  Broxmouih,  Dunbar,  forwarded  thirty- 
six  varieties  ol  Apples  irom  espaliers,  all  fine. 

Fifeshire. — Very  moderately  represented.  The  Apple 
samples  put  up  in  the  four  collections  sent  in  are  fairly 
good,  but  the  Pears  are  poor  with  the  exception  of 
the  following  : —  Urbani:.te,  Marie  Louise,  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  Beurrc  d'Amanlis,  and  Crassane,  which, 
grown  on  wall  trees,  are  above  average  for  Scotland. 

Forfur shire  S'S,  strongly  represented  in  pointof  numbers. 
The  quality  is  above  average  for  Scotland.  Messrs. 
Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee,  send  300  varieties  of  Apples, 
and  fifty  varieties  of  Pears,  collected  from  various  parts  of 
the  county,  the  collection  on  the  whole  being  very  good. 
Mr.  Johnston,  Glamis,  his  a  very  excellent  collection 
of  thirty  varieties  o(  Apples,  being  clean,  of  good  size, 
and  well  coloured 

Lanarkshire. — This  county  exhibits  strongly  in  point 
of  numbers,  but  the  samples  are  not  remarkable  for  size, 
although  the  colour  is  good. 

Morayshire. — Mr.  Morrison,  nurseryman,  Elgin,  con- 
tributes 120  varieties  of  Apples,  and  a  few  varieties  of 
Pears,  the  former  of  ordinary  merit,  the  latter  poor. 

Midlothian  comes  up  in  great  strength  in  point  of 
numbers  of  collections,  and  also  as  regards  the  excel- 
lence of  the  Apples  generally,  but  the  samples  of  Pears 
do  not  come  up  to  the  same  standard.  There  are  six- 
teen collections  tabled  from  the  county,  the  largest  being 
from  Mr.  Malcolm  Dunn,  Dalkeith  Gardens,  comprising 
250  varieties  of  Apples  and  eighty  varieties  of  Pears, 
among  which  are  many  noteworthy  sorts. 

Messrs.  Dicksons  &  Co..  nurserymen,  come  next  in 
point  ol  numbers  with  a  collection  comprising  150  varie- 
ties of  Apples  of  average  merit. 


Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson,  nurserymen,  Edinburgh, 
send  forty  varieties  of  Apples,  some  of  which  were 
remarkable  as  regards  size  and  quality. 

Or^w^y  sends  one  exhibitor,  Mr,  McDonald,  Balfour 
Castle  Gardens,  with  twenty-one  varieties  of  Apples, 
among  which  Pitmaston  Nonpareil  and  Boston  Russet 
were  comparatively  good. 

Peeblesshire.  —  Only  two  exhibits  came  from  this 
county.  Mr.  Borthwick,  Slobo  Castle  Gardens,  sends 
twenty  varieties  of  Apples,  and  four  varieties  of  Pears, 
of  fair  quality. 

Mr.  Mclntyre,  The  Glen,  sends  ten  varieties  of 
Apples,  above  average  quality  for  Scotland. 

Perthshire. — Eight  exhibits  are  tabled  from  this 
county.  The  Apples  are  above  average  for  Scotland  as 
regards  size  and  colour,  but  Pears  are  generally  inferior 
in  quality. 

Renfrew  hire. — Only  two  exhibits  come  from  this 
county.  The  Apples  are  above  average  for  Scotland, 
and  among  the  most  noticeable  Pears  are  Beurrd  Bosc 
and  Marie  Louise,  Irom  Mr.  Lindsay,  Calhcart  Gardens, 
which  are  good. 

Ross-shire  sends  also  only  two  exhibitors,  who  show 
only  moderate  quality,  although  one  or  t\vo  samples  of 
Pears  are  fair  for  Scotland.  They  are  Beui re  Diet  and 
Marie  Louise. 

Roxbnrxhihire. — Messrs.  Laing  &  Mather,  nursery- 
men, Kelso,  put  up  eighty  varieties  of  Apples  and 
twenty  varieties  of  Pears  of  fair  quality. 

Mr.  Galloway,  Minto  Gardens,  Hawick,  sends  a 
hundred  varieties  of  Apples,  very  good. 

Mr.  Fowler,  Merton  Gardens,  St.  Boswell's.  puts  up 
fifty  varieties  of  .Apples  and  twenty  varieties  of  Pears, 
the  latter  particularly  good. 

D.  Melville,  Ellislon  Gardens,  St.  Boswell's.  exhibits 
forty  varieties  of  Apples  and  forty  varieties  of  Pears.  A 
remarkable  collection.  Many  varieties  ol  Pears  and 
Apples  grown  in  orclKird-houses  are  very  superior. 

Messrs.  Ormiston  &  Renwick.  nurserymen,  Melrose, 
table  200  varieties  of  Apples,  a  very  good  collection. 

Siithirlandskire.  — •  From  Mr.  Melvill'.^,  Dunrobin 
Gardens,  come  twenty  varieties  of  Apples,  poor  quality. 

Stirlingshire. — Four  collections  are  sent  in  from  this 
county.  Messrs.  Drummond  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  ex- 
hibit 220  varieties  of  Apples  and  seventy  varieties  of 
Pears,  which  are  of  fair  average  quality  for  Scotland. 

Mr.  Sowza,  Touch  Gardens,  Stirling,  sends  seventy 
varieties  of  Apples  and  forty  varieties  of  Pears — a  very 
good  lot. 

Mr.  Crosbie,  Buchanan  Gardens,  Drymen.  sends  fifty 
varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty-four  varieties  of  I*ears^ 
aboveaverage  merit. 

WigtonshiresKi'Ci^  two  exhibits,  both  aboveaverage 
quaUty  for  Scotland. 

IRELAND. 

Co.  Anti-i;n.~Mr.  Warwick,  Shane's  Castle,  forwarded 
seventy-two  varieties  of  Apples  ;  very  good. 

Co.  Do7un. — Messrs.  Roger  McClelland  it  Co.,  Newry, 
send  thirty  varieties  of  Apples  and  ten  Pears  ;  very  nice 
collection. 

Co.  Dublin. — Mr.  Blackburn.  Abbotstown  Gardens, 
Castleknock.  sends  fifty  varieties  of  Appl-s  ;  excellent. 

Co.  GalWi.iy.^'Slr.  Cobban,  Garbally  Gardens,  Bal- 
linasloe,  contributes  forty  .Vpples  and  twenty  Pears  ; 
very  good. 

Co.  Mayo. — Mr.  Farrally,  The  Castle  Gardens.  West- 
port,  sends  thirty  varieties  of  Apples,  of  superior  quality. 

Co.  Wexford. — Mr.  Turner.  Courton  Gardens.  Gorey, 
sends  fifty  varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty  varieties  of 
Pears  ;  very  fine, 

CANADA. 

Nova  Scotia. — Professor  Lawscn,  Nova  Scotia  Fruit 
Growers'  Association,  sends  ii3  varieties — a  remark- 
ably good  collection.  Conspicuous  among  the  Apples 
were  fine  samples  of  Blenheim  Orange.  Gloria  Mundi. 
Gravcnstein,  Golden  Russet,  Mammoth  Russet,  Fox 
Pippin,  and  Northern  Spy. 

The  labours  of  the  jury  were  not  completed  when  our 
report  left. 

TWICKENHAM    HORTICULTUR.^L 

SHOW. 

November   17. 

This  meeting  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall,  Twick- 
enham, under  far  more  pleasant  weather  auspices  than 
greeted  shows  during  the  preceding  week,  and  the  dis- 
play made  if  showing  a  httie  falhng  off  in  the  plant 
section  was  admirable  in  the  cut  flower  classes,  as  also 
in  the  fruit  and  vegetable  sections.  A  very  beautiful 
group  of  Cyclamens  in  pots  pleasingly  fronted  with 
Maidenhair  Fern,  v/as  sent  by  Mr.  Walker,  of  Milton  ; 
Mr.  W.  Poupart.  of  Twickenham,  put  up  a  remarkably 
interesting  collection  of  Apples  and  Pears  grown  for 
market,  some  fifty  dishes  of  the  former  and  twenty  of 
the  latter  being  shown  ;  also  several  good  samples  ol 
Potatos.  A  fine  bundle  of  the  red  market  Celery 
attracted  much  attention.  Mr.  W.  Mann,  of  the  same 
place,  exhibited  a  fine  lot  of  vegetables,  inclusive  of  huge 
Cauhflowers.  Savoy  and  other  Cabbages,  &c.,  and  some 
good  dishes  of  Apples. 

Groups  of  Chrysanthemum  plants  were  limited  in 
number  and  of  about  the  average  quality,  the  best 
coming  from  Mr.  Parsons. -gr,  to  T.  Twining.  Esq.,  and 
the  2d  best  from  froru  Mr.  Sallows,  gr.  to  J.  T.  Flack, 
Esq.,  both  of  Twickenham.  Mr.  Sallows  had  the  best 
six  trained  plants. 

There  were  some  good  table  plants,  scarlet  Pelargo- 
niums, the  best  being  Henry  Laceby.  from  Mr.  Parsons  ; 
Chinese  Primulas,  the  best  from  Mr.  Ganod,  gr.  to 
J.   R.  Twedell,   Fsq.,    Twickenham,   all  single  white; 


696 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28.  18 


Cyclamens,  &c.  Of  floral  decorations  a  beautiful  cross 
of  white  flowers  came  from  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  of 
Twickenham,  backed  by  good  winter  blooming  Car- 
nations. 

A  special  competition  by  ladies  for  smgle  stand  or 
epergne  for  a  Challenge  Vase,  brought  three  that 
were  admirably  dressed,  but  the  one  from  Mrs.  Ferris 
was  so  beautiful  and  refined  in  its  arrangement,  that 
it  won  readily. 

In  another  class  for  stand  dressed  with  hardy  leaves 
ami  berries,  the  best  came  from  Mrs.  Chapman,  of 
Twickenham,  and  a  very  pleasing  arrangement  it  was 
from  such  materials. 

The  best  collection  of  twelve  incurved  and  twelve 
Japanese  blooms  came  from  Mr,  Coombs,  gr.  to  W, 
Fiirse,  Esq..  Teddington,  the  former  being  very  good. 
In  the  2d  prize  lot  were  better  Japanese,  but  the  incurved 
flowers  were  weaker ;  this  came  from  Mr.  Monro,  gr.  to 
E.  D.  Paul,  Esq.,  Twickenham. 

Mr.  Coombs  had  the  best  twelve  incurved,  good 
blooms,  and  Mr.  Monro  the  best  twelve  Japanese.  In 
the  former  class  Mr.  Worrell  was  2d,  and  in  the  latter 
^ir.  Coombs  was  in  the  same  position,  whilst  in  the 
class  for  twelve  Anemone  blooms  the  latter  was  a  good 
ist,  with  fine  flowers. 

The  best  twelve  pompon  blooms  came  from  Mr. 
Green,  gr.  to  S.  Grant,  Esq.,  Mr.  Parsons  having  the  2d 
best  lot.  Mr.  W.  Bates,  Poullett  Lodge,  showed  some 
capital  flowers,  not  for  competition. 

Mr.  Parsons  had  the  duly  collection  of  fruit  in  very 
fair  Alicante  and  "Gres  Colmar  Grapes,  Beurr^  Bosc 
Pears,  and  Court  Pendu-plat  Apples. 

The  best  four  dishes  of  Pears  came  from  Mr.  Garrod, 
who  had  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  Beurr^  Diel.  white 
Doyenn(^.  and  Marie  Louise.     Mr.  Monro  was  2d. 

Mr.  Worrell,  gr.  to  Colonel  Murray,  Whitton  Park, 
had  the  best  four  dishes  of  Apples  in  King  and  Ribston 
Pippins,  WeUington  and  Blenheim  Orange.  Mr.  S. 
Stroud,  the  Police  Orphanage,  was  2d. 

Collections  of  vegetables  were  excellent,  and  there  was 
good  competition,  m  the  Potato  class  excellent  samples 
being  shown. 

DEVIZES    CHRYSANTHEMUM     SHOW: 

November  17. 

As  is  usual,  this  took  place  in  the  Corn  Exchange, 
Devizes,  in  conjunction  with  a  baziar  in  aid  of  the 
Benevolent  Society.  There  was  a  pretty  and  very  good 
exhibition  of  plants  and  cut  flowers,  though  the  com- 
petition was  somewhat  restricted.  But  the  usual 
quality  of  the  show  was  maintained,  and,  as  heretofore, 
the  whole  was  arranged  with  e.vcellent  judgment  by  Mr. 
Thomas  King,  gr.,  Devizes  Castle,  who  also  furnished 
some  fine  specimen  Palms  and  Tree  Ferns,  which 
greatly  helped  the  general  effect. 

Plants. 

The  best  six  specimens  of  large  flowering  Chrysanthe- 
mums came  from  Mr.  H.  Clack,  gr.  toC.  E.  Colston,  Esq., 
Roundway  Park,  Devizes,  who  had  admirably  grown  and 
flowered  trained  specimens,  one  of  which  (Prince  Al- 
fred) was  a  fine  example  of  thorough  good  cultivation, 
which  was  awarded  a  special  prize  as  the  best  plant  in 
the  show;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Hale,  gr.  to  C.  N.  May,  Esq., 
The  Elms,  Devizes. 

The  only  exhibitor  of  four  plants  was  Mr.  G.  Tucker, 
gr.  to  Major  Clarke,  Wyke  House,  Trowbridge,  who  had 
nice  examples  of  some  old  favourites. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties  of  pompon  Chrysanthe- 
mums, Messrs,  Clack  and  Hale  had  admirable  speci- 
mens, the  one  only  just  inferior  to  the  other.  Mr. 
Clack  was  placed  ist ;  Mr.  Hale  came  in  2d  with  finely- 
grown  and  flowered  specimens. 

Mr.  Tucker  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  four  specimens, 
having  smaller  but  creditable  plants. 

In  the  class  for  six  specimen  Japanese  Chrysanthe- 
mums those  shown  by  Messrs.  Clack  and  Hale  were  so 
evenly  balanced  and  so  thoroughly  good  that  they  were 
awarded  equal  ist  prizes,  the  specimen  Salter!  being  a 
capital  one. 

In  the  class  for  four  plants  the  ist  prize  was  withheld, 
and  a  2d  awarded  to  Mr.  G.  Tucker. 

In  the  class  for  three  specimen  plants,  to  consist  of 
Mr.  G.  Rundle,  George  Glenny,  and  Mr.  Dixon,  Mr. 
Clack  was  ist,  with  very  fine  and  well  grown  specimens, 
averaging  fifty  flowers  each  ;  Mr.  Hale  coming  2d,  also 
with  good  plants,  smaller,  but  carrying  less  flowers, 
though  of  a  fine  character. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Mr.  Clack  had  the  best  twelve  incurved  blooms  in 
four  varieties,  showing  in  good  form  Princess  of  Wales, 
Barbira — one  of  the  blooms  of  this  variety  was  selected 
as  the  premier  flower  in  the  show  ;  Mrs.  Heale,  and 
Lord  Wolseley  ;  Mr.  Hale  was  2d  ;  3d,  Dr.  Hitchcock, 
Fiddington  House,  Lavington. 

Mr.  Hale  had  the  best  twelve  blooms  of  incurved 
varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Clack  ;  3d.  Dr.  Hitchcock. 

Mr.  Hale  also  had  the  best  twelve  blooms  shown  with 
12  inches  of  foliage,  an  admirable  way  of  showing  off  the 
flowers  to  the  best  advantage  ;  2d,  Mr.  Clack  ;  3d,  Dr. 
Hitchcock. 

The  best  twelve  Japanese  varieties  came  from  Mr. 
Clack,  who  put  up  some  finely  developed  flowers  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Hale  ;  3d,  Dr.  Hitchcock. 

The  best  twelve  blooms  of  Anemone-flowered  varieties 
came  from  Mr.  Clack  ;  Mr.  Hale  was  2d,  and  Dr.  Hitch- 
cock 3d.     Noteworthy  flowers  all  of  them. 

Among  the  miscellaneous  exhibits  were  baskets  of  wild 
flowers  and  foliage,  &c.,  and  some  pretty  epergnes, 
shown  for  table  decorations. 

A  First-class  Certificate  o(  Merit  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
fames   Lye,   Clyffe  Hall,   Market  Lavington,   for  red 


Kidney  Potato,   Lye's  Freedom,  a  large  form  of  Bounti- 
ful, a  heavy  cropper,  and  of  excellent  table  quality. 

A  fine-looking  Onion,  the  result  of  a  cross  between 
Yellow  Zittau  and  the  White  Spanish,  was  Highly  Com- 
mended.    This  was  raised  by  Mr.  Lye. 


WINCHESTER:    November  17  and  iS. 

This,  the  third  exhibition  of  Chrysanthemums  and 
fruit,  was  held  in  the  Guildhall,  the  show  in  question 
being  remarkable  for  the  excellence  of  the  cut  blooms  of 
Chrysanthemums,  which  being  staged  in  large  numbers 
rendered  it  one  of  the  best  Chrysanthemum  shows  of  the 
season.  Such  an  impetus  has  been  given  of  late  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  flowers  in  this  neighbourhood,  that  it 
was  not  surprising  to  see  so  good  a  display.  Messrs. 
Porter  and  Colson,  the  hon.  secretaries,  assisted  as  they 
were  by  an  equally  able  committee,  deserved  much  credit 
for  their  arduous  endeavours  in  bringing  so  good  a 
show  together. 

It  was  a  pleasure  to  observe  the  advancement  made 
by  the  local  growers  since  the  last  show,  this  being  most 
marked  in  the  class  for  six  plants,  open  to  residents 
within  5  miles  of  Winchester,  the  plants  which  took  ist 
prize  in  this  class  belonging  to  Miss  Butler,  St  Thomas 
Street  (gr.,  Mr.  A.  Fronting). 

The  groups  of  both  miscellaneous  plants  and  Chry- 
santhemums were  a  marked  improvement  on  the  show 
in  1884,  whilst  the  specimen  plants  of  Mr.  W.  Joy, 
Shirley,  Southampton,  have  not  been  excelled  this  year 
anywhere,  so  large,  healthy,  and  profusely  bloomed  were 
they. 

Vegetables  were  staged  in  large  quantities,  and  were 
of  first-rate  quality  ;  while  the  arrangements  of  flowers, 
&c.,  confined  chiefly  to  ladies,  were  to  be  much  com- 
mended, as  they  usually  are  at  this  Society's  exhibitions. 

Groups  and  Plants. 

For  the  best  collection  of  Chrysanthemums  occupying 
a  space  8  feet  by  5  feet  there  were  seven  excellent  com- 
petitors, the  best  being  that  of  F.  W,  Flight,  Esq.  (gr., 
Mr,  W.  Neville).  Twyford.  Winchester,  whose  plants 
were  profusely  bloomed,  and  flowers  of  a  large  size, 
tastefully  arranged  without  overcrowding  ;  2d,  Miss 
Butler,  St.  Thomas  Street  (gr..  Mr.  A.  Fronting),  whose 
group  was  a  great  advance  on  last  year,  and  was  well 
arranged  ;  3d,  Mrs.  Warner,  Northlands,  Winchester 
(gr..  Mr.  T.  Hunt). 

For  six  plants. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Joy,  nurseryman.  South- 
ampton, the  onlv  competitor,  who  staged  magnificent 
specimens  of  5  feet  in  diameter. 

For  six  Japanese  varieties,  Mr.  Joy  was  again  ist. 
This  was  the  only  collection  staged,  but  the  plants  were 
so  remarkably  good  that  they  formed  quite  an  exhibi- 
tion in  themselves.  Mr.  Joy  was  also  ist  for  single 
specimens,  incurved,  with  a  grand  plant  of  Mrs.  G. 
Rundle,  and  for  a  magnificent  one  of  Fair  Maid  of 
Guernsey  he  was  awarded  ist  prize  for  best  Japanese 
plant. 

For  six  plants,  open  to  members  residing  within  five 
miles  of  Winchester,  Miss  Butler  was  ist  ;  2d,  Lady 
Wodehouse,  Mayfield,  Winchester  (gr.,  Mr.  Smith}  ; 
3d,  W.  B.  Simmonds,  Esq.,  Abbots  Barton,  Winchester 
(gr.,  Mr.  Astridge). 

For  a  misellaneous  group  of  plants,  arranged  for  effect, 
C.  M.  Shipley.  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  C.  Axford),  Twyford. 
Winchester,  was  ist  with  an  exellent  collection,  followed 
by  Mrs.  Brown  (gr.,  Mr.  T.  Phillpott),  and  Mr.  Astridge, 
Solanums,  Primulas,  Cyclamens,  table  plants,  and  Poin- 
settias  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Astridge,  Mrs.  Warner. 
Mr.  Munt,  and  Mr.  Phillpott. 

Cut  Blooms. 

These  were  staged  in  great  numbers,  Mr.  Molyneux, 
gr.  to  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.,  Swanmore  Park,  Bishop's 
Waltham.,  hure  completed  a  successful  season,  by  taking 
five  out  of  the  six  ist  class  prizes,  his  blooms  being  re- 
markable for  their  large  size,  solidity,  and  perfect  finish. 
For  twenty-four  distinct,  sixteen  incurved  or  reflexed, 
and  eight  to  be  Japanese,  Mr.  Molyneux  was  an  easy 
ist  among  five  competitors,  Madame  C.  Audiguier,  Belle 
Pauline,  Boule  d'Or,  and  Meg  Merrilies  being  the  best 
among  the  Japanese,  while  the  incurved  section  was 
represented  by  beautiful  large  blooms  of  Lord  Alcester, 
Golden  Empress,  Queen  of  England,  Hero  of  Stoke 
Newington,  Lady  Carey,  &c. ;  2d,  Mr.  Neville,  whose 
incurved  and  Japanese  were  fine,  the  best  being  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  Mrs.  Shipman,  and  Mr.  Brunlees  ;  3d,  Mr.  W. 
Pope,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  Highclere  Castle, 
Newbury  ;  4th,  Mr.  C.  Warder,  gr.  to  Sir  F,  Bathurst, 
Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury. 

For  twenty-tour  blooms,  not  less  than  eighteen 
varieties.  Mr.  Molyneux  was  again  ist,  with  blooms 
similar  .d  the  former  class  ;  Mr.  Neville  was  2d,  and 
Mr.  Pope  3d.  Mr.  Molyneux  repeated  his  former  suc- 
cesses by  taking  ist  for  twelve  incurved  blooms,  dis- 
tinct ;  Mr.  Neville  followed,  and  Mr.  A.  Bridger,  gr.  to 
Colonel  Martin,  Fleetlands,  Fareham,  was  3d. 

For  twelve  Japanese  and  same  number  of  reflexed 
kinds  the  prizes  went  to  Mr.  Molyneux,  Mr.  Neville, 
Mr.  Warder,  and  Mr.  Bridger,  all  staging  produce  of 
grand  quality. 

For  twelve  blooms,  not  less  than  eight  varieties,  Mr. 
Trinder,  gr.  to  Sir  Henry  Mildmay,  Dogmersfield  Park, 
Winchfield.  was  ist,  with  a  clean,  even,  fresh  collec- 
tion ;  2d,  Mr.  L.  Jennings,  gr.  to  J.  Freeman,  Esq., 
Forest  Lodge,  Farnborough  ;  3d.  Mr.  A.  Bridger,  all 
staging  well. 

For  twelve  pompons  Mr.  Neville  was  ist,  closely 
followed  by  Mr.  Molyneux,  Mrs.  Remsbury,  Twyford  ; 
Mr.  E.  Flight,  Winchester  ;  and  Lady  Wodehouse 
staged  the  best  blooms— a  creditable  lot — in  the  amateurs' 
classes. 


Fruit  and  Vegetaples. 

For  three  bunches  of  Grapes,  distinct  varieties,  Mr. 
Molyneux  was  ist,  with  Alicante,  Gros  Guillaume,  and 
Trebbiano,  all  in  fine  condition  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Warder, 
whose  best  bunch  was  a  fine  one  of  Gros  Colmar  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Neville. 

Mr.  J.  Mildon,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Turner,  King's  Worthy, 
had  the  best  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  fine  specimens 
of  Alicante  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Warder  ;  3d,  Mr.  Neville. 

For  two  bunches  white  Grapes,  Mr.  James  Chalk, 
Westwood,  Wilton,  Salisbury,  was  ist,  with  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  in  good  condition,  the  heaviest  bunch,  one 
ot  Gros  Guillaume,  in  good  condition,  followed  by  Mr. 
L.  Jennings. 

For  three  dishes  of  Pears,  six  fruits  of  each. — ist,  Mr. 
S.  Jennings  ;  2d,  Mr.  Trinder  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  C.  Smith, 
Havant.  wn^^ 

The  best  three  dishes  of  kitchen  Apples  were  staged 
by  Mr.  J.  T.  Phillpott  ;  2d:  Mr.  Astridge. 

Vegetables  were  of  more  than  good  quality.  Mr.  R. 
Lye,  gr.  to  W.  A.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  Sydmonton  Court, 
Newbury,  was  awarded  ist  prize  for  a  collection  of 
eight  kinds,  followed  closely  by  Mr.  Pope,  whose  best 
dish  was  a  grand  one  of  Reading  Perfection  Tomato  ; 
3d,  Mr.  W.  Ashlon,  gr.  to  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of 
Winchester. 

The  best  arranged  stand  of  Chrysanthemums  and 
foliage  suitable  for  table  decoration  was  that  put  up  by 
Mrs.  B.  Flight. 

Mr.  E.  Hillier,  nurseryman,  Winchester,  contributed 
a  collection  of  plants  which  added  much  to  the  decoration 
of  the  room  wherein  the  hardy  fruits  were  staged. 


MANCHESTER  BOTANICAL  AND  HOR- 
TICULTURAL :  November  17,  18,  and  19. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  took  place  on 
the  above  dates,  at  St.  James'  Hall,  Oxford  Street.  This 
immense  building,  now  used  by  the  Society  for  the  first 
time,  is  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose,  being  cen- 
trally situated,  easy  of  access  from  the  high  road,  with 
sufficient  light  for  the  inspection  of  the  various  exhibits. 
Hitherto  the  show  has  been  held  in  the  Town  Hall,  but 
this  year  the  Society  attempted  greater  things,  offering 
better  prizes,  with  Gold  and  Silver  Medals  for  collections 
of  fruit,  the  result  being  that  a  most  magnificent  display 
was  got  together  of  plants,  cut  blooms,  fruit,  &c. 

The  centre  of  the  hall  was  taken  up  by  a  very  large 
group  of  plants  from  the  Botanical  Gardens,  comprising 
tall  Palms,  Ferns,  and  other  foUage  plants,  which  towered 
well  above  200  Chrysanthemums  of  all  shades  and  formF, 
the  groups  being  edged  with  small  plants  of  Coniferas. 
Near  by  was  a  capital  group  from  Mr.  J.  Allen, 
Altrincham.  whose  Chrysanthemums  throughout  the 
show  were  excellent. 

At  the  other  end  of  the  hall  was  a  nice  lot  from  Mr. 
R.  Hardwicke,  Ashton-on-Mersey.  Messrs.  Fisher,  Son 
&  Sibray  had  a  fine  display  of  greenhouse  Rhododen- 
drons :  large  plants,  full  of  bright  showy  flowers.  Among 
the  sorts  we  observed  Duchess  of  Connaughl,  Duchess 
of  Edinburgh,  Prince  Leopold,  Princess  Royal.  Princess 
Alexandra,  Princess  Frederica,  Maiden's  Blush,  &c. 
There  were  nice  plants  of  CHvia  nobilis  and  flower- 
ing Orchids,  as  Oncidium  Forbesii,  Cheirophorum,  Mas- 
devallia  tovarensis,  &c. 

Plants. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  large-flowered  Chrysanthemums 
Mr.  T.  Statter,  Prestwich,  was  awarded  the  ist,  having 
good  examples  averaging  4  feet  high,  among  them  being 
Prince  of  Wales,  Cassandra,  Mr.  Bunn,  White  Venus, 
Golden  Beverley,  and  Prince  Alfred  ;  Mr.  S.  Bless  was 
2d.  Mr.  J.  Allen  3d. 

For  six  incurved  plants  the  ist  went  to  a  nice  lot 
shown  by  |.  P.  Bolland,  Esq.,  who  had  Queen  of 
England,  Prince  of  Wales,  Empress  of  India,  Alfred 
S,dter,  and  Golden  Empress  in  excellent  form  ;  Mr.  J. 
.Allen  was  2d  ;  Mr.  S.  Bless  being  3d.  Mr.  T.  Statter. 
Mr.  S.  Bless,  and  J.  P.  Bolland,  Esq.,  showed  three  plants, 
and  were  placed  1st,  2d,  and  3d. 

For  six  Japanese  in  pots  there  was  strong  competition, 
the  prizes  ultimately  taUing  to  Mr.  S.  Bless,  ist.  with  good 
examples  of  Alexander  Dufour,  La  Nymphe,  L'Isle  des 
Plasirs,  Triomphe  de  la  Rue  de  Chatelet.  Gloire  de  Tou- 
louse, &c.  ;  Mr.  Thos.  Statter  was  2d,  having  Margot, 
Hiver  Fleur,  Bouquet  Fait,  Elaine,  and  Peter  the  Great 
in  good  form  ;  NIr.  John  Heywood  was  3d  ;  Mr.  J. 
Allen  4th. 

The  pompons  were  not  open,  and  so  were  rather  dis- 
appointing. In  the  class  for  eight,  only  two  competitors 
entered,  Mr.  S.  Bless  being  ist,  and  S.  Hazzopolo  2d. 

For  three  pompons,  which  were  rather  better  as 
regards  bloom,  Mr.  T.J.  Bolland  was  ist,  and  Mr.  S. 
Bless  2d. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Passing  on  to  these,  of  which  there  was  a  fine  display, 
and  withal  of  excellent  quality,  we  noticed  that  the 
neighbourhood  of  Liverpool  still  asserts  itself  as  a  grand 
centre  for  high-class  blooms. 

For  thirty-six  varieties,  eighteen  incurved  and  eighteen 
Japanese.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Pilkington  Prescot  was  well 
to  the  front.  Each  section  was  in  splendid  form,  and 
every  bloom  perfect.  A  few  of  the  more  noticeable  were 
Empress  of  India.  John  Salter.  Golden  Empress,  Prince 
Allred,  Queen  of  England.  Guernsey  Nugget.  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  Mrs.  Heale,  Lord  Alcester,  Lord  Wolseley.  and 
Emily  D.de  ;  the  Japanese  being  Meg  Merrilies,  Comte 
de  Germiny,  Mdme.  C.  .Audiguier.  Flambeau,  Soleil 
Levant.  Jean  Delaux.  Bouquet  Fait.  Mrs.  Marsham, 
Criterion,  Triomphe  du  Nord.  Mr.  J.  Allen  was  2d,  in 
whose  stand  were  grand  blooms  of  Beauty,  Mrs.  Brun- 
lees, Prince  Alfred,  Nil  Desperandum,  Mons.  Leraoine, 
Boule  d'Or,  Mdlle.  La  Croix,  Comte  Beauregard  ;  Mr. 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


697 


E.  G.  Wrigley  was  3d,  and  equal  4th  was  awarded  to 
J,  E.  Piatt,  Esq.,  and  H.  S.  Woodcock. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four,  and  eighteen  incurved. 
Mr,  I.  Allen  was  the  only  competitor,  but  his  blooms 
were  so  uniformly  good  that  he  was  placed  ist  with 
both  lots. 

With  twelve  incurved,  A,  Tate,  Esq.,  Woolton, 
Liverpool,  was  placed  ist,  having  Mrs.  Howe,  Inner 
Temple,  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  Jeanne  d'Arc,  in  good 
form  ;  Mr.  |.  Allen  was  2d,  and  Mrs.  Shaw  3d. 

With  six  incurved,  J.  King,  Esq.,  and  W.  Lees,  were 
ist  and  2d. 

The  stands  of  Japanese  were  much  admired,  there 
being  an  attractiveness  about  these  that  leads  many  to 
stop  and  admire  who  pass  by  other  forms.  Mr.  J. 
Allen  was  ist  with  twenty-four  distinct  blooms,  each  one 
being  of  a  si^^e  and  colour  fit  to  compare  with  any — Mrs. 
Townseisd,  Thunberg,  Baronne  de  Frailly,  Madame  de 
S«Tin,  Sultana,  Oracle,  Chang,  being  among  his  best  ; 
E.G.  Wrigley,  Esq.,  was  2d,  with  a  splendid  collec- 
tion ;  the  3d  falling  to  the  Corporation  of  Stockport. 

With  twelve  Japanese  A.  Tale,  Esq.,  was  ist,  Mrs. 
Shaw  2d,  and  Mrs.  Monks  3d. 

The  class  for  twenty-four  miscellaneous  cut  blooms 
was  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Allen  over  several  competitors  ; 
the  Corporation  of  Stockport  2d,  and  equal  3d  to  H.  S. 
Woodcock  and  W.  Lees. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  cut  blooms  were  staged  by  Mr. 
W.  Clibran  &  Sons,  not  for  competition  ;  whilst  from 
Mr.  J.  W.  Springbett,  Cheshunt,  Herts,  a  capital  lot  of 
Japanese,  incurved.  Anemone,  and  reflexed  blooms 
were  also  shown.  In  this  collection  Val  d'Andorre  and 
Cullingfordi  were  some  of  the  best  blooms  in  the  show. 

Fruit,  &c. 

The  fruit  shown  was  of  excellent  quality,  the  Apples 
and  Pears  being  such  as  have  been  seldom  seen  in  Lan- 
cashire. The  Pears  from  Messrs.  Bunyard,  Maidstone, 
were  splendid  examples.  Messrs.  Bunyard  showed  a 
hundred  sorts  of  Apples,  and  were  awarded  the  Gold 
Medal  ;  the  Silver  Medal  being  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Watkins. 
Hereford,  who  had  r8o  dishes,  showing  many  sorts  use- 
ful for  cider  making.  Messrs.  Bunyard  also  secured  a 
,Gold  Medal  ^for  sixty  dishes  of  Pears— Mr.  C.  W.  Neu- 
mann showing  about  the  same  number,  but  which  were 
much  less  in  size  ;  these,  however,  were  awarded  a  Silver 
Medal. 

In  the  class  for  ten  dishes  of  fruit  Mrs.  Ackers,  Con- 
gleton,  was  ist,  with  good  Gros  Maroc  and  Muscat 
Grapes,  a  Pine,  Melon,  Golden  Drop  Plum,  Worcester 
Pearmain  and  King  of  the  Pippins  Apples,  and  .Glou 
Morfeau  Pear,  &c.;  2d,  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere,  with 
Golden  Queen,  Black  Alicante  Raisin  de  Calabre,  and 
Gros  Colmar  Grapes,  Melon,  Plums,  &c. 

Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey,  was  the  only  com- 
petitor, with  two  Pines  ;  he  also  secured  isl  honours 
with  one  Pine-apple,  Major  Dixon  and  Mrs.  Ackers 
being  2d  and  3d. 

The  black  Grapes  were  in  capital  condition,  the  Earl 
of  Ellesmere  being  ist,  with  Gros  Colmar  ;  D.  Adamson, 
Esq.,  2d.  with  the  same  sort  ;  Mr.  J,  Heywood,  3d. 

White  Grapes  were  shown  by  Mrs.  Ackers,  whose 
Muscats  were  excellent  ;  Mr.  H.  S.  Woodcock  was  2d, 
Mr.  J.  Wallis,  Keele  Hall,  3d.  The  last-named  exhi- 
bitor showed  a  fine  collection  of  Grapes,  including  Gros 
Maroc,  Alnwick  Seedling,  Gros  Colmar,  Mrs.  Pearson, 
White  Tokay,  Black  Alicante,  Barbarossa,  Mrs.  Pince. 
Black  Muscat,  Burchardt's  Prince,  Royal  Vineyard,  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  was  awarded  an  extra  prize. 

MiSCFXLANEOUS. 

Some  excellent  bouquets  came  from  A.  Heine,  Esq., 
who  was  1st  for  three;  Mr.  J.  Mason  being  2d.  For 
one  bouquet  Mr.  J.  Mason  was,  however,  ist;  Mr.  J. 
Heywood  2d,  and  Mrs.  Lord  3d.  Mr.  A.  Heine  was 
also  ist  with  a  splendid  vase  for  table  decoration,  beat- 
ing D.  Adamson,  Esq.,  who  came  2d;  and  Mr.  W. 
Irvine  3d. 

From  Mr.  S.  Schloss  came  spikes  of  the  scarce  Bou- 
gainvillea  lateritia  (speciosa)  ;  and  from  Mr.  Statter  there 
came  a  plant  in  flower  of  the  new  and  rare  Oncidium 
Jonesianum. 

H.  Cannell  &  Sons  had  a  capital  stand  of  double  and 
single  zonal  Pelargonium  blooms,  the  white  Queen  of 
the  Belgians  being  in  capital  order. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  of  Holloway,  occupied  a  long 
table  with  winter-flowering  Heaths,  Cyclamen,  &c. 
Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait  also  had  a  fine  lot  of 
Roman  Hyacinths,  capital  in  foliage,  the  bloom  standing 
well  up  without  needing  any  stakes.  The  Cyclamens  in 
this  stand  were  large  flowering  forms  and  highly 
coloured. 

Mr  W.  G.  Caldwell  &  Sons  showed  a  collection  of 
foliage  and  flowering  plants,  a  capital  group  of  small 
Coniferx. 

Messrs.  Dickson  &  Robinson  occupied  a  large  table 
with  a  varied  assortment,  among  which  were  capital 
Heaths  and  Solanuras. 

Messrs.  J.  &  W.  Birkenhead  made  a  fine  display  with 
Ferns. 

On  the  opposite  side  Mr.  W.  Clibran  had  a  large 
group  of  Chrysanthemums  in  splendid  condition,  3  to 
4  feet  high,  nicely  edged  with  smaller  flowering  plants, 
Ferns,  &c. 

From  Messrs.  Smith,  of  Worcester,  came  about  sixty 
dishes  of  Apples,  and  a  fine  lot  also  from  F.  &  A.  Dick- 
son, of  Chester. 

Stands  of  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums  were  shown  by 
Mr.  ].  Robson,  Altrincham  ;  wreaths  and  crosses  by 
Mr.  J.  Mason,  and  Messrs.  J.  Leech  &  Son.  of  Smith- 
field  Market,  exhibited  a  large  collection  of  fruit  and 
Powers,  grasses,  &c. .  not  for  competition.  A  coUention 
of  fruit  came  also  from  the  Koyal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens,  Chiswick. 

Messrs.  Webb  &.  Sons  had  about  eighty  dishes  of 
polatos,  all  of  excellent  quality,  some  being  quite  nev\', 


The  weather  was  somewhat  against  the  show,  in  that 
it  was  very  cold,  sharp  frost  and  cutting  wind  prevailing 
much  of  the  time. 


BIRMINGHAM    SHOW, 

The  Midland  Counties  Fruit  and  Flower  Show  was 
held  in  the  Town  Hall  on  Nov.  18  and  19,  being  its 
twenty-fifth  annual  exhibition.  This  Society  has  made 
rapid  progress,  and  is  now  ilie  principal  show  of  this 
description  in  the  Midland  Counties.  The  entries  were 
very  numerous,  but  there  was  a  considerable  falling  off 
in  the  quality  of  the  cut  flowers  shown,  although  the 
quantity  was  far  greater  than  usual.  The  weather  on 
the  18 th  was  not  very  encouraging  to  exhibitors  of 
choice  exotic  plants.  Primulas  formed  a  good  attrac- 
tion, over  300  fine  well  grown  plants  being  staged.  They 
are  exceedingly  well  grown  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Birmingham.  Another  interesting  feature  of  the  show 
was  a  collection  of  Orchids — about  two  dozen  sorts— from 
the  Right  H^n.  J.  Chamberlain,  Highbury,  containing 
some  novelties,  nicely  shown.  Mr.  Cooper,  gr.,  is 
to  be  congratulated  upon  his  fine  display,  which  was 
much  admired. 

Groups. 

The  groups  were  poor  after  what  we  have  lately  seen, 
the  ist  going  to  Mr.  Patterson's  specimens.  The  ist  for 
nine  and  six  went  to  Mr.  Dyer,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Marigold, 
whose  plants  were  a  long  way  ahead  of  the  others  ;  the 
ist  for  pompons  was  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  White.  Stan- 
dards— no  entries. 

Cut  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums. 
These  were  shown  in  great  quantity,  but  they  were  not 
what  one  expected  to  see  for  such  liberal  prizes  as  ;^io, 
Ll'  £»^'  3nd  £2..  The  ist  for  forty-eight  flowers,  twenty- 
four  Japanese  and  twenty-four  incurved  Chrysanthe- 
mums, went  to  Mr.  P.  Southey  ;  the  ist  for  twenty-four 
blooms,  twelve  of  each,  to'Mr.  G.  A.  Everett.  The  ist 
for  eighteen  incurved  to  Mr.  H.  Lovatt  ;  the  other  ist 
falling  to  the  same  exhibitor.  For  local  growers,  Messrs. 
Everitt  and  Madeley  were  the  winners. 

Open  Classes. 

These  were  very  Hne  :  Messrs.  Pope  &  Sons  taking  all 

the  honours  with  good  examples  of  cultivation.     The  ist 

for  Cyclamens  and  Epiphylluras  was  awarded   to   the 

Right  Hon.  J.  Chamberlain  (Mr.  Cooper,  gr.). 

Gardeners  and  Amateurs. 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — ist,  Mr.  F.  A. 
Walton,  for  a  decent  lot  ;  ist  for  six,  Mr.  Dyer,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Marigold,  for  a  good  neat  collection. 

Primulas  here,  as  in  the  open  classes,  were  very  good — 
the  ist  prize  going  to  Messrs.  Martineau,  Matthews,  and 
Taunton. 

Poinsettias. — ist,  Mrs.  Marigold,  for  fair  plants. 

Three  grand  plants  of  Mignonette  from  Mr.  Mar- 
tineau were  ist. 

Zonals  from  the  Right  Hon.  J.  Chamberlain  (Mr. 
Cooper,  gr.)  were  awarded  the  premier  prize. 

Bouquets. 

These  were  well  done,  both  by  nurserymen  and  gar- 
deners. The  ist  prize  in  the  former  competition  was 
awarded  to  Messrs.  J.  B.  Thompson  ;  and  ist  for 
amateurs  to  Mr.  C.  E.  Mathews. 

Epergne. — ist,  Mrs.  Marigold  ;  while  ist  for.button- 
holes  went  to  Mr.  Payton. 

Fruit,  &c. 

Grapes  were  good,  being  well  coloured  and  nicely 
finished,  the  Rev.  B.  W.  Stanners,  Mr.  Corbett,  and  Mr. 
Everett  taking  the  leading  prizes. 

Apples  and  Pears,  fine  clean  well-coloured  fruit,  were 
extensively  shown,  the  competition  being  very  keen  for 
the  ist  prize  for  dessert  Apples  and  Pears.  Sir  H. 
Vernon  was  ist  for  Apples,  and  Mr.  Thornley  for  Pears. 
For  culinary  Apples,  to  Mr.  liiggins  ;  and  Pears,  Mr. 
Corbett. 

Cucumbers  and  Mushrooms  were  well  shown  ;  of  the 
former  a  nice  brace  from  Lady  Edwards  obtained  1st  ; 
while  a  good  dish  of  Mushrooms  from  Mr,  Mitchison, 
Perry  Hall  Gardens,  was  ist. 

Miscellaneous  Exhibits. 

The  various  groups  shown  by  the  local  nurserymen 
did  them  great  credit  ;  the  corners  of  the  large  hall  were 
allotted  to  them.  P>om  Hans  Niemand,  Edgbaston 
(Mr.  Spinks  manager),  came  a  fine  collection  of  beauti- 
fully arranged  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  ornamental 
flowering  and  foliage  plants,  and  some  well  grown 
Cyclamens  of  a  good  strain. 

Messrs.  Thompson  occupied  the  opposite  comer  with 
a  group  of  similar  plants  ;  a  fine  cross  and  wreath  of 
gigantic  size  was  also  shown  by  this  firm. 

At  the  opposite  end  of  the  hall  the  corners  were  filled 
with  collections  of  plants  from  Mr.  R.  H.  Vertegans, 
Chad  Valley,  and  Messrs.  Pope  &  Sons.  The  former  had 
some  good  Roman  Hyacinths,  Primulas,  Cyclamen, 
Poinsettias,  &c.  Messrs.  Pope  showed  some  fine  single 
and  double  Pelargoniums,  well  grown  and  flower^. 
They  also  showed  some  rustic-work. 

From  Messrs.  Cannell,  Swanley,  came  some  cut 
flowers  of  zonal  Pelargoniums  and  single  Chrysanthe- 
mums, including  the  new  CuUingfordii,  which  were 
greatly  admired. 

In  the  g  illeries  Messrs.  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester, 
showed  a  collection  of  Japanese  plants,  also  Pears  and 
Apples,  The  Rev.  A.  Williams,  Slratford-on-Avon, 
exhibited  a  collection  of  Apples. 

Messrs.   Perkins   &   Sons,    Coventry,  displayed  cut 


Roses,  wreaths  and  cross,  beautifully  made  up.  A  new 
Fern,  in  the  way  of  Gymnogramma  schizophylla,  was 
exhibited  by  Messrs.  Pope  &  Sons.  It  is  a  fine  Fern,  of 
graceful  habit  ;  the  entire  stock  was  purchased  by  Mr, 
Outran!  tor  Mr.  B.  S.  WiHiams. 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  state  the  decision  of  the  judges 
gave  great  satisfaction  ;  everything  passed  off  very 
satisfactorily.    A.  O. 


BURTON-ON-TRENT  :  November  18  and  19. 

The  first  Chrysanthemum  exhibition  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Burton  Floral  and  Horticultural  Society 
was  held  in  St.  Paul's  Institute,  a  building  at  once  hand- 
some, spacious,  lofty,  well  lighted,  and  comfortable- 
comfortable  alike  to  plants  and  visitors,  the  floor  being 
of  wood  and  the  room  heated  by  means  of  hot  water.  At 
one  end  is  an  orchestra,  and  a  beautiful  organ,  upon 
which  recitals  were  given  each  day.  The  exhibition 
florally  was  a  complete  success,  and  would  vie  in  quality 
of  produce  with  others  longer  established  and  of  greater 
renown. 

The  specimen  Chrysanthemums,  incurved  and  Japan- 
ese, exhibited  by  Mr.  Prince,  gr.  to  the  Misses 
Gretton,  Bladon  House,  Burton,  were  thoroughly  well 
grown  and  flowered,  and  highly  creditable  to  the 
cultivator. 

The  Mayor  of  Burton  (Alderman  Lowe)  exhibited  a 
very  beautiful  specimen  standard  Chrysanthemum  (Mrs, 
Rundle),  with  an  immense  head,  and  bearing  a  great 
prolusion  of  good  flowers  ;  the  flowering  shoots  were  not 
staked,  and  therefore  the  upper  part  was  devoid  of  the 
stiffness  usually  seen  in  standards. 

The  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  arranged  for  effect 
down  one  side  of  the  hall  presented  a  large  bank  of  good 
and  brightly^oloured  flowers  to  the  eye.  The  1st  prize 
in  this  class  was  deservedly  awarded  to  Mr.  Warren,  gr. 
to  T.  Robinson,  Esq.,  who  had  a  most  effective  group  of 
healthy,  well-flowered  plants. 

Cut  blooms  were  well  represented  and  of  good  quality, 
the  ist  prize  for  twenty-tour  incurved  and  twenty-four 
Japanese  being  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Udale,  gr.  to  H.  E. 
Watson,  Esq.,  Shirecliffe  Hall,  Sheflfield  ;  Mr.  Howe,  of 
Nottingham,  being  a  good  2d. 

Sir  Henry  AUsopp,  Hindlip  Hall,  Worcester  (gr.,  Mr. 
Barker),  sent  some  fine  samples  of  cut  blooms  of  Chry- 
santhemums, not  for  competition. 

Fruit  was  shown  of  excellent  quality  by  Mr.  Brunt,  gr, 
to  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  Bretby  Hall,  and  by  Mr.  May- 
nard,  gr.  to  Sif  G.  Beaumont,  Cole  Orton  Hall. 

Groups  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect 
(Chrysanthemums  excluded)  brought  strong  competi- 
tion, Messrs.  Meaklng,  Brunt,  and  Johnson  taking 
honours  in  the  order  namedwith  tastefully  arranged 
groups. 

Mr.  W.  Fisher,  of  the  Horninglow  Cross  Nurseries, 
who  has  rendered  considerable  assistance  in  forming  and 
bringing  to  a  successlul  issue  the  first  exhibition,  contri- 
buted considerably  to  its  floral  success  by  sending  a 
beautiful  group  of  plants,  not  for  competition,  which 
consisted  principally  of  a  background  of  Palms  and  other 
foliage  plants,  with  an  elegant  bordering  of  Ferns,  inter- 
spersed with  Poinsettias,  Eucharis,  Roman  Hyacinths, 
Primulas,  Azaleas,  Chrysanthemums,  &c.  The  same 
gentleman  also  exhibited  an  exquisitely  made  cross  and 
wreath. 

Mr.  Barratt,  the  Secretary,  and  his  colleagues,  Messrs. 
Rudd,  Fisher,  Cooper,  Lea,  &c.,  are  to  be  congratulated 
on  the  success  of  their  combined  efforts. 


HAMPSTEAD   CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
November  iS  and  19. 

This  Society  held  its  fifth  annual  exhibition  in  the 
Vestry  Hall,  Haverstock.Hill,  on  the  above  dates.  Most 
of  the  classes  were  well  represented,  those  for  specimen 
plants  especially  so.  The  most  was  made  of  the  various 
exhibits  as  regards  effect  in  arrangement,  a  fine  group  of 
decorative  plants  from  Messrs.  Cutbush  &  Son  and  the 
splendid  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  being  the  most 
striking  features  at  a  glance  ;  but  on  close  inspection  of  the 
flower  stands,  amongst  a  good  lot  of  blooms,  a  judge  or 
lover  of  these  favourite  flowers  could  not  help  singling 
out  at  least  two  flowers  as  exceptionally  fine.  One  of 
these  blooms,,  a  Boule  d'Or,  shown  by  Mr.  Tribe,  gr. 
to  H.  M.  Matheson,  Esq.,  Heathlands,  Hampstead,  was 
pronounced  by  all  who  saw  it  as  the  finest  bloom  they 
had  seen  this  year.  The  other,  a  Meg  Merrilies,  was 
shown  by  Mr.  Williams,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Inman,  Frognall 
Rise,  Hampstead. 

Groups  of  Plants, 

For  the  best  group  Mr.  Tribe  was  deservedly  ist,  with 
a  very  neat  group  of  well  grown  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Relland, 
gr.  to  —  Baylis.  Esq..  St.  Cuthberl's,  West  Heath; 
3d.  Mr.  Banks,  gr.  to  E.  Gotto,  Esq.,  The  Logs,  Hamp- 
stead. The  specimen  plants,  besides  being  numerous, 
were  very  fine  in  quality. 

For  six  incurved  Mr.  Tribe  was  ist  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Gibbs, 
gr.  to  Miss  Carter,  Sandfield  Lodge,  West  Heath. 

For  six  Japanese  Mr.  Tribe  was  also  ist,  with  grand 
examples  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Gibbs.  For  six  pompons  Mr.  H. 
Gibbs  was  1st  with  a  nice  lot. 

For  a  single  specimen  incurved  Mr.  Relland  was  1st 
with  a  fine  dwarf  plant  of  Mrs.  Dixon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Tribe, 
with  Queen  of  England. 

For  a  single  specimen  Japanese  Mr.  Tribe  was  1st 
with  a  well  grown  Golden  Dragon  ;  3d,  Mr.  Relland, 
with  Elaine. 

For  the  best  specimen  reflexed. — ist,  Mr.  Tribe, 
with  Julia  La;grave ;  2d,  Mr.  Hawkins,  gr.  to  H, 
Field,  Esq.,  The  ProyofS,  Hampstead, with  Goldfn 
Christine. 


698 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885. 


Cut  Blooms. 

For  twelve  incurved,  distinct,  Mr.  H.  Gibbs  was  ist, 
with  a  good  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Powley,  gr.  to  Mrs.  White, 
Ivy  House,  North  End  ;  3d.  Mr.  Tribe. 

For  twelve  reflexed  Mr.  Relland  was  rst. 

For  twelve  Japanese  Mr.  J.  Powley  and  Mr.  Tribe  were 
equal  1st  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Willi^ims. 

For  twelve  bunches  (three  in  a  bunch),  pompons,  Mr. 
J.  Powley  was  ist  ;  2d,  Mr.  Relland. 

There  were  also  various  other  classes  for  amateurs 
and  cottagers,  which,  as  a  rule,  were  well  contested,  but 
the  quality  of  which  does  not  call  for  special  mention. 

Various  special  prizes  were  awarded  by  patrons  of  the 
Society,  and  brought  forth  a  lively  competition.  For  six 
plants,  Japanese,  Mr.  Relland  was  ist  ;  ad,  Mr.  Tribe. 
For  six  incurred  Mr.  Tribe  was  ist  with  similar  plants 
to  his  others  ;  2d,  Mr.  Relland.  For  twelve  cut  blooms, 
large  flowering,  Mr.'  H.  Gibbs  was  ist  ;  for  twelve 
Japanese.  Mr.  H.  Tribe.   C.  y. 


HULL   CHRYSANTHEMUM  :  November 
19  and  20. 

On  Thursday  of  last  week  there  opened  in  the  Artillery 
Barracks,  Park  Street,  the  annual  show  of  the  Hull  and 
East  Riding  Chrysanthemum  Society,  and  in  point  of 
entries  and  merit  of  exhibits  it  was  far  ahead  of  the  very 
excellent  show  of  last  year.  The  large  drill  hall  was  occu- 
pied on  each  side  by  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots, 
whilst  the  tables  m  the  centre  of  the  room  were  devoted 
mainly  to  the  exhibition  of  cut  blooms.  The  gun-room 
was  also  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  exhibition,  there 
being  in  this  room  an  excellent  show  of  plants  in  pots, 
principally  by  local  amateurs. 

In  the  north  hall  there  was  a  tasteful  exhibition 
open  to  ladies  only.  In  the  centre  of  this  room  was 
a  dessert  table  competition,  the  floral  decoration  of 
which  was  limited  to  Chrysanthemums,  in  combina- 
tion with  other  loliage.  In  addition  there  were  in 
the  ladies'  department  many  tastetul  arrangements  of 
cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums. 

In  front  of  the  orchestra  there  was  a  most  varied  and 
attractive  group  of  Chrysanthemum  and  other  blooms 
by  Mr.  E.  P.  Dixon,  who  had  also  tastefully  deco- 
rated the  orchestra,  but  Mr.  Dixon's  exhibits  were  not 
for  competition. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Martin'had  a  most  attractive  exhibition,  not 
for  competition,  at  the  west  end  of  the  room,  consisting 
of  bulbs  of  various  kinds,  grasses,  seeds,  &c.  Alogether 
there  were  sixty-one  exhibitors  for  competition,  and 
many  of  them  exhibited  in  nearly  every  class. 

Classes  i  to  9  were  open  to  all  England,  and  10  to  13  to 
exhibitors  in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  or  in  Lincoln- 
shire within  20  miles  of  Hull.  In  class  i  a  Silver 
Challenge  Vase  of  the  value  of  15  guineas  was  offered  by 
Mr.  G.  Bohn,  the  Chairman  of  the  Society,  in  addition 
to  the  ist  prize  of  2^io.  The  conditions  with  regard  to 
the  Challenge  Vase  were,  that  if  an  exhibitor  should  win 
it  three  times,  or  twice  consecutively,  it  shall  become  his 
property.  There  were  four  prizes  in  the  first  class  ; 
the  2d  being  ^3,  3d  ^^5,  4ih  £2.  It  consisted  of  forty- 
eight  blooms,  twenty-four  incurved  in  not  less  than 
eighteen  varieties,  and  twenty-four  Japanese  in  not 
less  than  eighteen  varieties.  This  was  without  doubt 
the  most  attractive  portion  of  the  exhibition,  not 
even  excluding  the  massive  and  well-arranged  groups. 
There  were  eight  competitors  in  this  class.  The  second 
class  was  a  most  excellent  one,  and  the  prizes  sub- 
stantial. 

In  the  amateur  class  a  Silver  Challenge  Cup  was  offered 
by  the  Hull  Amateur  Floral  and  Horticultural  Society 
for  the  best  tray  in  classes  21  and  22,  in  each  of  which 
there  were  twelve  blooms,  of  Chrysanthemums,  those  in 
class  22  being  Japanese. 

In  the  open  classes  for  plants  in  pots  the  ist  prize  in 
class  27  was  j^5,  and  with  it  was  presented  an  oil  painting 
by  Mr.  J.  F.  Norton,  artist.  Hull. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Forty-eight  blooms. — Challenge  Vase  and  ist  prize,  Sir 
T.  Edwardes  Moss,  Bart.,  Otterspool,  near  Liverpool 
(gr.,  Mr.  D.  Lindsay)  ;  2d,  C.  W.  Newmann,  Esq., 
Wyncote,  Allerton,  near  Liverpool  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Mease)  ; 
3d,  J.  Woolwright.  Esq.,  Mosely  Hill,  near  Liverpool 
{gr.,  Mr.  Green)  ;  4th,  Mr.  T.  B.  Morton,  Mowden 
Bridge  Nurseries,  Darlington. 

Twenty-four  blooms. — 1st,  Sir  T.  E.  Moss,  Bart.  ;  2d, 
Mr.  C.  W.  Newmann  ;  3d,  Mr.  ].  Woolwright. 

Twelve  blooms  incurved. — ist,  Mr.  C.  W.  Newmann  ; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Woolwright  ;  3d,  C.  H.  Johnson.  Esq., 
Thorngumbald  Hall  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Usher). 

Twelve  blooms  Japanese.— ist.  Sir  T.  E.  Moss,  Bart.  ; 
ad,  Mr.  C.  W.  Newmann  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Woolwright. 

Twelve  blooms,  Anemones. — isi.  Mr.  T.  B.  Morton  ; 
2d,  D.  Wilson,  Esq.,  Cottingam  (gr.,  H  Bulmer)  ;  3d, 
W.  J.  Warrener,  Esq.,  Bracebridge  (gr.,  W.  Mitchell). 
Twelve  blooms,  ditto,  reflexed.— ist,  Mr.  T.  B.  Morton  ; 
2d,  W.  Ashley,  Esq.,  Limefield  House,  Lincoln  (gr. , 
T-  Bugg)  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  H.Johnson. 

Six  blooms,  one  variety. — ist,  Mr.  C.  W.  Newmann  ; 
2d.  Mr.  W.  J.  Warrener;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Howe,  Peas  Hill 
Road,  Nottingham. 

Best  incurved  cut  bloom  in  the  show.  —Mr.  J.  Wool- 
wright. 

Best  Japanese  cut  bloom— Mr.  C  W.  Newmann. 

Twelve  blooms  incurved,  and  twelve  Japanese. — 1st, 
Mr.  F.  W.  Jameson,  Eastella,  Hull  ;  2d.  Mr.  D.  Wil- 
son ;  3d.  A.  Wilson,  Esq.,  Tranby  Croft  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  P. 
Leadbealer). 

Twelve  blooms  incurved,  not  less  than  six  varieties. — 
ist,  Mr.  E.  Harland,  Cottingham  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.^H.  John- 
son ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  W.  Jameson. 

Twelve  blooms,  six  varieties.— ist,  Mr.  David  Wilson  ; 


2d.  Mr.  F.  W.  Jameson  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Browsho,  Beveriey. 
Six  incurved  and  six  Japanese.  — isl,  Mr.  W.  J.  Tall, 
Harland  Rise,    Cottingham  ;   2d,    Mr.    D.  Wilson  ;   3d, 
Mr.  F.  W.  lameson. 

Amateur  Classes. 

Six  incurved  and  six  Japanese. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Roper, 
Hull  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley,  Hull. 

Three  incurved  and  three  Japanese. — ist,  Mr.  W. 
Roper;  2d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ;  3d,  Mr.  K.  I'Anson, 
Hull. 

Six  blooms,  reilcxed.— ist,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ;  2d, 
Mr.  W.  Roper  ;  3d.  Mr.  E.  Goddard,  Hull. 

Six  blooms,  Anemones. — ist,  Mr.  W.  Roper  ;  2d, 
Mr.  E.  Goddard  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley. 

Best  incurved  cut  bloom  in  amateur  classes. — Mr. 
Goddard. 

Best  Japanese  cut  bloom. — Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley. 

Twelve  blooms  incurved. — Challenge  Cup  and  ist, 
Mr.  E.  Goddard  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ;  3d,  Mr.  S. 
Garbutt. 

Twelve  Japanese. — ist,  Mr.  E,  Goddard  ;  2d,  Mr. 
A.  W.  Stanley. 

Twelve  blooms,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  G.  Kidson, 
Hull  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Mapplebeck, 
Hull. 

Six  blooms,  incurved. — ist,  Mr.  G.  Kidson  ;  2d, 
Mr.  A.  W.  .Stanley  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Melbourne. 

Six  Japanese  blooms. — ist,  Mr.  E.  Goddard  ;  2d, 
Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ;  3d,  Mr.  S.  F.  Smith,  Newington, 
Hull. 

Six  blooms,  varieties. — ist,  Mr.  G.  Kidson  ;  2d,  Mr. 
E.  Goddard  ;  3d,  Mr,  A.  W.  Stanley. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

Group  interspersed  with  fohage,  arranged  for  effect 
in  a  space  of  loo  feet. — Oil  painting,  value  5  guineas, 
and  ist,  D.  Wilson,  Esq.  (Mr.  G.  Lawson,  gr  )  ;  2d, 
Mr.  J.  S.  Graham  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Cottam,  ]un.,  Cotting- 
ham  ;  4th.  Lieut. -Colonel  Saner  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  Howell). 

Six  distinct  varieties,  bush  grown,  but  on  a  single 
stem.— ist,  Mr.  D.  Wilson  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  H.  Wood  ;  3d, 
Mrs.  Ross.  Illoughion  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Wilkinson). 

Three  trained  specimens,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  D. 
Wilson;  2d,  T.  L.  Read,  Esq.,  Newington,  Hull  (gr., 
Mr.  W.  Merritt)  ;  3d,  Lieut. -Colonel  Brooshoolt, 
Kirkella  (gr..  Mr.   W.  Mason), 

Three  distinct  varieties,  bush  grown. — ist,  Mr.  W.  J. 
Tall  ;  2d,  Mrs.  Ross  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  H.  Wood. 

One  trained  specimen. — ist,  Mr.  R.  Stamper,  Thorn- 
gumbald ;  2d,  Lieut. -Colonel  Brooshooft  ;  3d,  Mrs. 
Ross. 

Three  dwarf,  distinct  varieties,  for  window  or  table 
decoration. — Mrs.  Ross. 

Amateur  Classes  for  Plants. 

Twelve  plants,  six  incurved  and  six  Japanese, — 1st, 
Mr.  H.  J.  Bethell.  HuU  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Kidson. 

Three  plants,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley  ; 
2d.  Mr.  H.  ].  Bethell  ;  3d,  Mr.  C,  D.  Foster,  Hull. 

Twelve  plants,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  J.  Raby,  Hull  ; 
2d,  Mr.  S.  Davey,  Hull  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  W.  Stanley. 

Six  plants,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  G.  W.  Oakley, 
Newland  ;  2d,  R.  Patch,  Hull  ;  3d,  Mr.  D.  C.  Foster. 

Three  plants,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  G.  Kidson,  2d, 
Mr.  D.  C.  Foster  ;  3d,  Mr.  S.  Davey. 

One  plant,  any  variety. — ist,  Mr.  J.  Browsho;  2d, 
Mr.  G.  W.  Oakley  ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  Fetch. 

Ladies'  Classes. 

Dessert-table  for  six  persons. — ist.  Miss  M.  K. 
Reckitt,  Swanland  Manor  ;  2d.  Mrs.  Thomas  Bailey, 
Norfolk  House,  Hessle  ;  3d,  Miss  Gertrude  A.  Dixon, 
Stepney  Lodge,  Hull. 

Hand  bouquet  of  Chrysanthemums. — ist,  Mrs.  G. 
Cottam,  Cottingham  ;  2d,  Miss  Jameson,  Eastella  ;  3d, 
Miss  Swanson,  Barton-on-Humber. 

Best-arranged  stand  or  vase  for  table  decoration. — ist. 
Mrs.  L.  C.  Cook,  Hessle  ;  2d,  Miss  Ethel  Jameson, 
Eastella  ;  3d,  Mrs.  D.  Joy,  Welton  Garth. 

Arrangement  of  cut  blooms. — ist.  Miss  Ethel  Jame- 
son ;  2d,  Mrs.  H.  J.  BetheU  ;  3d,  Mrs.  W.  W.  Logan, 
Hull. 

Messrs.  J.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester,  and  Messrs. 
Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester,  had  stands  of  fruit  ; 
and  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  had  Pelar- 
goniums and  single-flowered  Chrysanthemums,  not  for 
competition.  Hull  News. 


^\t  mmi\tx. 


The  Vegetable  Products  of  Russia. — There 
are  few  countries  where  the  adaptation  of  cultivated 
fruits  and  vegetables  to  climate  is  more  perfect  than 
in  central  Russia.  The  fruit  trees  are  dwarfed,  with 
leav  s  remarkably  close-celled  and  firm,  so  as  to  resist 
the  aridity  and  severity  of  climate.  The  close  texture 
of  most  of  the  central  Russian  plants  adapts  them 
admirably  to  their  surroundings.  Fruits  and  vege- 
tables which  are  usually  associated  with  warmer 
climates  arc  grown  in  abundance.  Russia  is  noted 
for  its  Water  Melons  and  Musk  Melons.  The  best  of 
their  Musk  Melons  is  an  analomous  vegetable,  being 
scarcely  like  our  Musk  Melon.  It  possesses  little 
musky  flavour.  It  keeps  until  Christmas.  Plums 
and  Cherries  are  grown  at  high  latitudes,  and  the 
native  varieties  are  hardy.  German  sorts  are  grown 
far  north  also,  but  they  usually  need  protection,  and 
are  uncertain.  Even  the  Reine  Claude  Plum  is  grown 
in  Russia,  but  the  trees  are  planted  in  a  leaning 
condition,  making  an  angle  of  45°,  or  less,  with 
the  surface,  and  are  bent  to  the  ground  before  the 
snow  falls,    n.-  Farmtys'  Gautte. 


STATS  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH 

,  LONDON 

For  the  Week  Ending  Wednesday,  November  25,  1885. 

HyRrome 
trical    De 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

from 
Glaisher-s 
Tables  71I1 
Edition. 

Wind. 

J 

X 

"0 

s 

III 

1 

s 

i 
1 

Range. 

Mean  for 

Day. 

Departure  of  Mean 

from  Average  ol 

so  years. 

i 

a 

•Ss.8 

11" 

H 

1 

Nov, 

In. 

In. 

.  1  . 

1  Jjj 

■0 

29.78 

+0.'>7'4S.3!3I.2 

14. 1 

39  3 

—  2-5 

3S.» 

««{  E.  fi.k,  »■- 

20 

29.7s 

+0.0544.5:40.0 

4.5 

41.9 

+   0.2 

39. > 

88           E.       0,00 

21 

»»44 

— 0.25I43.2 

32  9 

10.3 

37.i 

—    42 

33.1 

5S{    E.tk  |"» 

-{e%^.e..» 

22 

2930 

-039 

47.0 

34.8 

■  2.2 

41.6 

-0., 

40.1 

33 

29.39 

—0.30 

43S38.0 

SS 

40.3 

-    14 

37.S 

91 

E. 

0.00 

24 

29.36 

-0.3J 

WS360 

3.5 

382 

—  34 

!7  4 

97 

E. 

0  34 

'S 

2919 

— osc 

17. 3 

39  0 

83 

<4.. 

+  2.5 

43.7 

98 

E. 

0  24 

Mean 

2946 

-024 

14.3 

36.0 

8.3 

40.4 

-.3 

38.0 

93 

E. 

0.58 

Nov.  19.  — Dnll  day. 

—  20.— Dull  day. 

—  21. — Fine  and  bright  in  early  morning  ;  dull  day. 

—  22.  — Dull  day  ;  faint  gleams  of  sunshine  between 

—  23. — Dull  day. 

—  24.  -  Rain  from  early  morning  till  noon  ;  fine,  bu 

dull  afterwards. 

—  25. — Dense  fog  in  early  morning  :  drizzling  rain  a 


Lo.NDON  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  21,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.70 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.44  inches 
by  1  P.M.  on  the  l6lh,  decreased  to  29,  S2  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  iSth,  increased  by  9  A.M.,  decreaFcJ 
to  29.23  inches  by  i  p.m.  on  the  19th,  increased  to 
29.99  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  20th,  and  was  29.56 
inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.03  inches,  being  0.13 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  ,0.13  inch  higher  than 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature, — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  45°.3,  on  the  19th  ;  on  the 
17th  the  highest  was  40°. I.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  42^.5. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  27'*.5,  on  the  i6th, 
on  the  20th  the  lowest  temperature  was  40°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  3l".6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
14°. 5,  on  the  l6lh  ;  the  smallest  was  4°.$  on  the  20lh. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  Io'*.9. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  15th,  36^.4 ;  on 
the  i6th,  34°. 9  ;  on  the  17th,  33°.8j  on  the  18th, 
33°.9 ;  on  the  19th,  39°.3  ;  on  the  20th,  4i°.9  ;  and 
on  the  21st,  37°.  5;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  (excepting  the  20th,  which  was  0°.  2  above) 
by  5°.9.  7°.3,  S".2,  S°,  2'.5,  and  4°.2  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  36°.S, 
being  6°  lower  than  last  week,  and  5°.  I  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  74°.5,  on  the  16th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  63°.!. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  19°.  5,  on  the  i6th.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  readings  was  26°.6. 

Rain. — No  rain  fell  during  the  week. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  21,  the  highest  temperatures  were  54° 
at  Truro,  52°  at  Plymouth,  50'  at  Newcastle ;  the 
highest  at  Bolton  was  42°.  7  ;  at  Bradford  43°. 2,  at 
Liverpool  43°.8.     The  general  mean  was  46°.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  22^.5  at  Cambridge, 
23°  at  Wolverhampton  and  Sheffield  ;  the  lowest  at 
Plymouth  was  34°.5,  at  Truro,  and  Brighton  31°. 
The  general  mean  was  27^.3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  23*  at  Truro  and  New- 
castle, 22°. 4  at  Cambridge  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
i3°.Sat  Liverpool,  15°.$  at  Preston,  I5°.2  at  Bolton, 
The  general  mean  was  iq°.  i. 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


699 


The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  49°.4,  at  Plymouth  47''.4, 
at  Hull  and  Newcastle  44°.i,  and  was  lowest  at 
Wolverhampton  40^7,  at  Bolton  4i°.2,  at  Liverpool 
4l°.3.      The  general  mean  was  43^2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  40°.4,  at  riymoulh  38^3,  at  Brighton 
34". I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  27^.5, 
at  Cambridge  27^.6,  at  Bristol  29". 3.  The  general 
mean  was  32'*. 6. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
I5°.2,  at  Wolverhampton  I3°.2,  at  Bristol  12°, 3  ;  and 
was  least  at  Liverpool,  7^5,  at  Truro  and  Brighton  9^ 
The  general  mean  was  I0'.6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  44". 6, 
at  Plymouth  42^6,  at  Newcastle  3S\4 ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  33°.  S,  at  Cambridge  34". 9, 
at  Bristol  35°.!.     The  general  mean  was  37^5. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  0.52  inch  at  Truro, 
0.16  inch  at  Bristol,  0.15  inch  at  Leeds;  the  smallest 
falls  were  0.0 1  inch  at  Liverpool,  Bolton,  and  Hull. 
No  rain  fell  at  Brighton,  Biackheath,  or  Sheffield. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.09  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  21,  the  highest  temperature  was  46°.7 
at  Aberdeen  ;  at  Perth  the  highest  temperature  was 
42^5.     The  general  mean  was  44°. 2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  13",  at 
Perth;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  22".^. 
The  general  mean  was  IS^5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith, 
34". 5  ;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  30".  The  general  mean 
was  Zf. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.21  inch,  at  Aberdeen  ; 
ihe  smallest  fall  was  003  mch,  at  Paisley.  The 
general  mean  was  0.07  inch.  No  rain  fell  at  Greenock 
during  the  week. 

TAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S, 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

*#*  Our  Almanac  for  1886. — Secretaries  of  Proviit' 
cial  and  Metropolitan  Horticultural  Societies  are 
invited  to  send  us,  as  soon  as  possible,  the  dates  of 
their  meetings  and  exhibitions  duriiig  the  ensuing 
year,  so  as  fo  ensure  their  insertion. 


Apples  :  G.  Donaldson.  We  do  not  think  your  package 
came  to  hand. 

Books  :  A  Young  Gardener.  Thompson's  Gardeners' 
Assistant  is  the  best  you  can  get  ;  it  is  published  by 
Messrs.  Blackie&Son,  Paternoster  Buildings,  London, 
E.G.  ;  its  price,  new,  is  3IJ.  Gd. — A  Manual  of  The 
Coniferw,  published  by  J.  Veilch  &  Sons,  544,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.,  is  the  book  you  mean  on 
Conifers,  and  would  suit  you  very  well. 

Double  Lapageria  Bloom:  J.  J/.  The  habit 
is  not  likely  to  prove  constant.  The  foliage  is  very 
fine  indeed,  showing  that  the  plant  is  in  exuberant 
health,  to  which  fact  the  doubling  of  the  flower  may 
be  due.  We  frequently  have  flowers  of  Lapageria 
sent  which  show  doubling  of  parts  to  a  much  greater 
extent  than  these. 

Emigration  :  T.  Adams.  For  all  information  on  such 
a  subject  you  had  better  apply  to  the  New  South 
Wales  Government  Emigration  Office,  5,  Westminster 
Chambers,  S.W.  ;  the  South  Australian  Government 
Offices,  8,  Victoria  Chambers,  Victoria  Street,  S.W,  ; 
or  some  other  of  the  emigration  agents. 

EucHARis  Bulbs  :  A'.  Dunhp.  Your  bulbs  are  slightly 
infested  with  the  mite.  There  is  no  known  cure,  so 
that  your  only  method  of  extirpation,  to  prevent  its 
ravages  amongst  yet  healthy  bulbs,  will  be  to  burn  all 
that  appear  affected  in  the  slightest  degree,  or  which 
have  grown  in  pots  with  infected  bulbs. 

Fungi  :  A.  D.  H.  The  spores  of  the  juniper  fungus 
transferred  to  the  Pear  produce  the  Rcestelia.  There 
are  many  such  cases  recorded,  but  some  of  them  are 
open  to  doubt. 

"  Harvey's  Life  "  :  R.  W.  A.,  Natal.  Bell  &  Daldy, 
York  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  A  letter  will 
follow. 

Japanese  Anemone  var.  in  a  Stand  of  Japanese 
Chrysanthemums  :  K.  G.  No,  it  should  not  dis- 
qualify. 

Labels  in  1884:  E.  Jones.  We  have  no  record  of  the 
name  of  the  person  who  was  awarded  a  prize  by  the 
Society  of  Arts.  You  might  apply  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Society. 

Names  of  Fruit. — S.  B.  Apple:  Poraeroy.  y.  O'B. 
I,  Pear:  Triomphe  de  Jodoigne  ;  4,  Apple:  London 
Pippin  ;  5  and  6,  Flower  ol  Kent  ;  7,  Northern  Green- 
ing.—  W.  y.  S.  I  and  2,  not  recognised,  very  fine  ; 
3,  New  Hawthornden  ;  4,  Lord  Derby  ;  5,  Pitniaston 
Russet  Nonpareil  ;  6,  Peasgoods  Nonsuch. — Af.  J.  T. 
Applet :  I,  Round  Winter  Nonsuch  ;  2,  Fearn's  Pip- 
pin ;  Pears :  \,  Marie  Louise  ;  2,  Wmter  Nelis. — 
Janus  Smith.  A  fine-looking  Apple,  greatly  resem- 
bling Flanders  Pippin.— tj^^r^^  Wall.  Pear:  Beurr4 


Vix^V—Aljred  N.  Jones.  3,  Forelle ;  7,  Josephine  de 
Malines  ;  9,  Marie  Louise  ;  12,  Beurr^  Ranee  ;  others 
so  much  bruised  and  out  of  character  that  they  cannot 
be  recognised. — Albert  Butcher,  i,  not  known  ;  2, 
Thoresby  Seedling  ;  3,  Hambledon  Deux  Ans. — 
A.  IV.  I,  variety  of  Crab;  2,  Pear:  Knight's 
Monarch. — y.  Potter,  z,  Doyenn^  Gris  ;  2,  Flemish 
Beauty  ;  3,  Passe  Colmar  ;  5,  Beurrc  Diel ;  6, 
Doyenne  Boussouch. —  T.  Jackson.  Pears:  i,  Gan- 
sell's  Bergamot  ;  4,  Doyenne  Gris ;  5,  Napoleon  ; 
Apples :  2.  decayed  ;  6,  Blenheim  Orange  ;  7,  Bed- 
fordshire Foundling  ;  8,  Franklin's  Golden  Pippin  ; 
9,  Margil ;  10,  Claygate  Pearmain. — J .  B.  i,  Brown 
Beurrt^  ;  2,  Beurrd  d'Aremberg  ;  3,  Old  Crassane  ;  4, 
Duchesse  d'AngouIc^me  ;  5,  Beurr^deCapiauniont  ;  7, 
Doyenne  Boussoch. 

Names  of  Plants  :  J.  E.  Oncidium  diodon.  Please 
send  the  two  P'ems  again. — Southampton.  Drimys 
Winteri. —  W.  H.  Stevens.  Epidendnim  cochlealum 
var.  —  B.  W.  Odontoglossum  Insleayii  splendens. 
Several  plants  of  it  have  flowered  in  collections  this 
year. — £*"*€.  Coelogyne  Gardneriana. — H.  J.  Ross. 
Pilumna  laxa. 

Pear  Leaves  with  Microscopic  Thread-worms. 
— A  correspondent  has  forwarded  Pear  leaves  spotted 
with  pallid  patches.  On  a  microscopical  examination 
the  spots  are  seen  to  be  infested  with  minute  nematoid 
worms  allied  to  the  worms  which  cause  the  rotting  of 
Carnations.  Similar  examples  were  forwarded  last 
year.    IV.  G.  S. 

South  African  Plants  -.'J.  R.  Twtsden.  In  reply 
to  your  enquiry  we  are  unable  to  say  if  Mr.  Sanderson 
is  still  ahve  ;  but  a  good  set  of  the  plants  he  collected, 
together  with  some  of  his  original,  and  copies  of 
other  of  his  drawings  are  preserved  in  the  Kew  her- 
barium. The  first  set  of  Cooper's  plants,  and  nearly 
complete  sets  of  those  collected  by  Gerrard  and  Krauss, 
are  also  in  the  Kew  herbarium.  N.  E.  Brown,  Her- 
barium, Kew. 

Testimonial  to  Mr.  Ingram  :  C.  W.  D.  Hon. 
Secretary,  W.  L.  Emmerson.  Waltham-on-the- Wolds, 
Melton  Mowbray. 

Vine  Roots  :  X.  Brunfelsia  americana. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Posi- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Whole 


Communications  Received  :— A.,  Natal. — P.  W.,  St.  Peters- 
burg.-;. S.— H.  E.— A.  D.  W.— E.  M.— Dr.  Watt.  Cil- 
cutu.— Wild  Rose.— H.  W— W.  B.  H.— E.  T.— F.  Sander 
&  Co.— F.  W.  B.-R.  W.  .-\dlam.-J.  W.— J.  H.-T.  G.- 
W.  S.-W.  Saiythc— H.  E.— J.  D. 


C0VEN7     GARDEN,    November    26. 

Market  very  quiet  and  heavy,  with  large  supplies  of 

Grapes.      I^rge  importation   of  Canadian    and    Nova 

Scotia  Apples  at  low.  prices.    James  Webber,   W/tolesale 

Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Who: 


Pric: 


Apples,  per  }^-sievc  10-30 
—  Canadian,  barrl.  10  0-20  o 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..06-26 
Keni  Cobs,  100  lb.  ..22  6-25  o 
Lemons,  per  case   ..15  0-30  o 

Vegetables.— AvEF 


Artichokes,  per  doz..: 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb.,. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  \ 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  c 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i 
Capsicums,  per  100. .  j 
Carrots,  per  bunch  . .  c 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.   : 


Celei 


.  perr 


Pine-apples, Eng., lb.  20-.. 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-50 
Pears,  per  dozen      ..09-13 

—  per  M-sieve      . .  16-30 


\.ge  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Mushrooms,    punnet  10-16 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  20-30 
Parsnips,    per  dozen  10-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    40-50 
,,    kidney, percwt  40-50 
Salsafy,   per   bundle  10-.. 
Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  10-.. 
Seakale,  punnet      ..  26-  .. 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  q 
Spinach,  per  bushel  20-40 
Sprouts,  per  pound     03-.. 
Sprue,  bundle        ..   10-  .. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.     ..06-10 
Turnips,  bunch       . .  o  &-  . . 


Celery,  per  bundle. .  1 
Colewort5.doz-bunch  2 
Cucumbers,  each  . .  o 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  1 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . .  o 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. .    i 

Potatos. — Magnum  Bonums,  bad  trade,  50*.  to  8oj  ;  Regents, 
60J.  to  Soj.  per  ton  ;  German  Reds,  7S.  to  is.  6d.  per  bag. 

Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Arboi  vitx  (golden), 

per  dozen  . .         . .   6  0-18  o 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen. .  12  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardia,  doz  ..  12  o-iS  o 
Cineraria,  per  do/. . .  10  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Cyclamen,  12  pots. .12  o-i8  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  -  .3°  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Erica,  various,  doz.12  0-21  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,  in  vsir,, 
per  dozen  . .         ..6  0-24  o 


Foliage  Plants,  v 

Hyacinths,     Rotr 

Marguerite      Da 

per  dozen  . . 
Rlyrtles,  per  doze 
Palms  in  var.,  e; 


Poinsetlia,        pe 

Primulas,   single, 

pots 
Tulips,  12  pots 


Abutilon,  12  bunches 
Acacia  (Mimosa),  Fr., 

per  bunch  . .  . .  . 
Arum  Lilies,  i2blms. 
Azalea,  12  sprays  . . 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  1 
Camellias,  12  blnis.,  ; 
Carnations,  13  blms. 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  . 
- —  12  bunches  . .  , 
Cyclamen,  doz.  blms.  . 
hpiphytlum,      dozen 

blooms       .. 
Eucharis,    per  dozen 
Gardenias,  12  blooms 
Hyacinths,  Rom  ,  is 

sprays        . .  ..   i 

Lapageria,  white,  12 


Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms  ..  ..  6  o-  i 
Marguerites,  12  bun.  2  o-  . 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  6-  ; 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  scarlet,  iz  trusses  o  9- 
Poinsettia,  12  blms.  .40-1 
Roses  (indoor),    per 

dozen         ..         ..   1  o-  ; 

—  Tea,  French,  doz.    i  o- 

—  red,  French,  do/,  i  6-  ; 
Stephanotis,  12  spr..  5  o-  ( 
Tropicolum,  12  bun.  2  o-  , 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  i  o-  . 
Tulips,  doz.  blooms  i  o- 
Violets,     12    bunches  i  o-  : 

—  Czar,   Fr.,  bunch  i  o-  1 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun.  4  o-  ^ 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Nov.  25. — On  account  of  the  Elections,  and 
for  other  reasons,  the  business  now  doing  in  farm  seeds 
is,  as  might  be  e.xpected,  on  a  very  small  scale.  Clover 
seeds  generally  continue  steady  all  round.  The  tola 
recent  shipments  of  Red  seed  from  liuropean  ports  to 
America  have  now  assumed  important  proportions,  one 
estimate  placing  them  at  over  5000  bags.  Trefoil,  by 
reason  of  its  remarkable  cheapness,  has  lately  met  with 
more  attention.  There  is  no  change  this  week  in  Hari- 
cot Beans  or  Blue  Peas.  The  late  advance  in  Canary 
seed  is  well  maintained.  Hemp  seed  continues  exceed- 
ingly cheap.  Feeding  Linseed  is  firm.  John  Shaw  6» 
Sons,  Seed  Merchants,  ^7,  Mark  Lane,  London,  B.C. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  25. — Good  supplies 
of  fruit  and  vegetables.  Trade  good.  Prices  moderate. 
Quotations  : — Pears,  2i.  td\  to  7/.,  and  Apples,  2J.  (id. 
to  6s.  per  bushel ;  Cabbages,  2.s.  6d.  to  6s.  per  tally  ; 
and  Savoys,  4J.  to  8i^.  do.  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  4J.  to 
41.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  bunch  greens,  2s.  6d.  to  45.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  bunch  Turnips,  2s.  6d.  to  3!-.  6d.  do,  ;  bunch 
Carrots,  2J.  to  -zs.  6d.  do,  ;  bunch  Parsley,  u.  to  is.  6d. 
do.  ;  bunch  Leeks,  is.  to  21.  do.  ;  Celery,  5^.  to  9  j. 
per  dozen  bundles  ;  Beetroots,  3^.  to  41.  do.  ;  Onions, 
41.  to  5J,  per  cwt,  ;  Carrots,  in  sacks,  30J.  to  50J,  per 
ton  ;  Turnips,  white,  50^.  to  60s.  do  ;  Swede  do., 
30J.  to  32J.  6d.  do.  ;    and  Mangels,  225.  6d.  to  255.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  24. — The  supplies  have  been  good 
during  the  past  week,  as  also  the  attendance  of  buyers, 
consequently  ,a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the  following 
prices: — Red  Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to  21.,  per  dozen; 
Savoys,  ^s.  to  7^  6d.  per  tally  ;  Cauliflowers,  small. 
Q-s.  6d.  do.  ;  greens,  bunch,  \s.  6d.  to  45.  per  dozen  ; 
Mangels,  lyj.  to  22J,  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  2or.  to  40J.  do.  ; 
Turnips,  50J.  to  6oj.  do,;  Brussels  Sprouts,  3J.  yi.  to 
4J.  per  sieve  ;  Apples,  best,  ar.  6d.  to  5^.  6d.  per  bushel  ; 
do.,  common,  ioj.  to  I4t.  per  cwt.  ;  Onions,  70J.  to  Sor. 
per  ton  ;  Carrots,  cattle  feeding,  30J.  to  '32J,  per  ton  ; 
do.,  household,  40J,  to  503'.  do.;  do,,  white,  30J,  to 
35-f-  do.  

POTATOS. 

Columbia  (East  London):  Ntyj.  25. — Magnums, 
501.  to  8oi. ;  Regents,  60s.  to  70^.  ;  Victorias,  6oj,  10651,; 
Champions,  50J.  to  6qs.  ;  Early  Roses,  60s.  to  70J. ; 
Reading  Heros,  60/.  to  70J. ;  and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  70J. 
to  85J,  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  24. — Magnums,  56^.  to  75J. ;  Re- 
gents, 60s.  to  751, ;  Roses,  Sox ;  and  Champions,  50J.  to 
60s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  8850  bags  from  Hamburg,  10  from  Harlingen, 
200  from  Antwerp,  723  from  Ghent,  100  from  Montreal, 
100  from  Boulogne,  14  bags  10  sacks  from  Rotterdam, 
47  packages  from  St.  Michaels. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  24, — Large  supplies  and  very 
dull  trade,  in  consequence  of  the  wet  weather.  Quota- 
tions :— Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  105J.  ;  inferior,  -jos.  to 
851.  Hay,  prime,  75^,  to  96J.  ;  inferior  65J.  to  70J. 
Straw,  28J.  to  37-T.  per  load. 

Nov.  26. — A  moderate  supply  was  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  dull,  at  Tuesday's  prices. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Nov.  24.  —  The 
weather  has  influenced  a  bad  trade,  with  prices  lower  to 
effect  a  clearance.  Clover,  best,  90J.  to  looj.  ;  seconds, 
70X.  to  90J.  Hay,  best,  72J,  to  851.  ;  second,  60s.  to 
70J.     Straw,  30J.  to  36i.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  24. — Clover,  8oj.  to  loos.  ;  hay, 
75J.  to  851. ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  36 j.  per  load. 


COALS. 


The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  : — Ravensworth  West  Hartley,  14J',  (^d.\  Holy- 
well West  Hartley,  14J.  6d.\  Walls  End— Tyne  (un- 
screened), tiJ,  3*/.;  Hetton,  171^.  6d.;  Hetton  Lyons, 
151,  6d.\  Hulam,  15X.  6d.',  East  Hartlepool,  i6j. ;  South 
Hartlepool,  151.  6d.;  Tees,  171.  6d.-,  Lambton,  17J. 
Wear,  15^.  6d.  ;  Caradoc,  17^.  6d. 


Qovemmeixt  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  ioo|  to  looj  for  delivery,  and  loof^  to  \oo\\  for 
the  account.  Tuesday's  and  Wednesday's  fimU  record 
was  1005  to  lot  for  both  transactions;  and  the  same 
return  was  made  at  the  close  on  Thursday, 


700 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  18 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excellence  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


Supplied  in  Tins,  1  0  each. 

))                    I)  ^  0      J) 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12  0  per  Bag. 

*    „  20  0       „ 

1     n  37  6        „ 


u 


Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Mattufacturcrs, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  stipply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 


F 


OR    S  A  L  E,   a   Large  CAMELLIA, 

ALBA  PLENA,  6  by  6  feet,  full  o(  bud. 
D.  WILLIAMS  AND  SON,  Florists,  Macclesfield. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  a^id  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine,  from  i2r.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  ntr.v  be  knocked 
out  of  pols  and  sent  by  parcel  post.  — RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4J.  (yd.  per  bushel  (16  caWes),  td.  per  bushel  paclcaee  ; 
a  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  xs.  yi.  Trade  supplied 
very  low 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  Hill  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.G. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

\d,  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  3  totis), 
40J. ;  4-bushel  bags,  4^1'.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25J.  :  sacks,  \d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  all.  :  sacks. 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ts.  gd.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  26i,  per  ton  in  2.bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij,  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH,  at.  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4-bushel  Bags, 
If.  each  ;  30  for  251. — b.ag5  included  :  2-ton  Truck,  fres  on  Rail, 
551.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
Sack  ;  5  for  22J.  bd.  :  10  for  35s.  ;  20  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6,/.  per  Sack:  5  for  so«.  ;  10  for  30J. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  tj.  id.  per  Bushel;  141.  per 
Vi  Ton  :  25s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
lod.  per  lb.;  281b.,  2is.  ;  cwt.,  70J.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb.  for  tSj.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sack.  PEAT  MOULD,  4..  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31.  per  Sack.  CHARCOAL,  is.  6d.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  4^.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&c.     LIST  Free,     Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 

PEAT. — Superior   Black   or   Brown  Fibrous 
PEAT,  for  Khododenrons,  Azaleas,  fi:c.,  as  supplied  to 
Messrs.  J.  Watercr  and  other  noted  "rowers.     Six  tons,  loadetl 
00  tnickt  at  C;ainb<:rley  Station,  S.WJR.,jt;4  .1 
Mr.  V.  TARRY,  ''^Golden  Fsrmw,"  F»tnborough  Station. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pr 


Me 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..  41.  6d.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT.' best  black  fibrous     ..   3s.  6d.         „         5  sacks  for  rsJ. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   55.  6d.         ,, 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ■) 

PREPARED  COMPOST,bestt,  „,_  u„,,h    sacks  inclndpHl 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  . .     f  "■  P"  ^'^^^■-  "<*^  included). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  3./.  per  bush.,  t2j.half  ton,  zir.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only li.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     81/.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.  (Specialite')     8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  6j.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  15.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  135.  ;  20  sacics,  17s.  ; 
30  sacks,  255  ;  40  sacks,  30J.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
255.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2J.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDE,  Improved. 
—Soluble  in  water.  The  cheapest,  safest,  and  most 
effectual  Insecticide  extant.  Harmless  to  flowers  and  foliage. 
Instant  death  to  Mealy  Bug,  Scale,  Thtips,  Red  Spider,  Green 
and  Black  Fly,  American  Bright,  Mildew,  Ants,  &c.  As  a 
Winter  Dressing  unequalled.  See  circulars,  with  testimonials 
from  many  of  the  leading  gardeners  on  its  behalf.  Sold  by  most 
of  the  leading  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Garden  Manure 
Manufacturers,  in  tins— per  pint,  js.  6d.  ;  quart.  3S.  gd.  ;  half 
gallon,  5i.  ;  gallon,  91.     Directions  for  use  with  each  Im. 

Wholesale,;.  W.  COOKE,  Market  Place  Winsford,  Cheshire  : 
also  Messrs.  OSMAN  and  CO.,  15.  Windsor  Street,  Bishopgate, 
London.  E.G.  :  and  CORRV,  SUPER,  FOWLER  and  CO., 
i3,  Fmsbury  Street,  E.C^ 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  fresh  only.  11.  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  125.  ;  30  bags, 
22S  ,  sent  to  all  parts  :  trucks,  iy..  free  to  Rail.  PEAT  and 
LOAM.— A.  FOULON,  32,  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  E.C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  hy  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  Sic- 
brown  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  {.bbs.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15!. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  55.  ;  5  Bags,  22J.  bd.  ;  ro  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  rat.  6./.  per  Bag., 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famborough  Station.  Hants. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Bed  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  t  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  3J. ,  and  loj.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  f^d.  and  li.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED— IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES— FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS— TRELLISED  ARCADES 
—ROSERIES— SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT  .  PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &C.  

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S  W. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO. 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenliouses.  Garden  Seats,  &c , 

at  extremely  moderate  prices. 
Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager.  GLOUCESTER, 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  above  Labels  are  made  ol  a  White  Metal,  with  raised 

BLACK-FACED   LETTERS. 

The  Gardeners'  Magazine  sayt :—"  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit."' 
Samples  and  Pric*)  Lists  free. 
I  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Fftctory,  Stratford-OD-Avon. 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

NETV   PRICE   LIST. 

"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE   NETTING. 


REDUCED  PRICES— per  Roll  of  50  yards. 


i> 

Quality. 

3 

." 

18 

?< 

3» 

3" 

48 

72 

O 

t  d 

t.  d. 

t.  rf, 

t  d 

t.  rf. 

i.d 

.t.  d. 

2.in.  mesh 

Light 

19 

4    6 

6     0 

7  6 

12   0 

18  0 

Poultry. 

Medium 

18,3     6 

5     3 

7     0 

89 

10  b 

14   0 

21  0 

ij-ill.mesh 

Light 

■9'+    0 

6    0 

8     0 

10  t 

12  c 

16   0 

24  0 

Rabbit. 

Medium 

194    6 

0     9 
6    P 

9     0 
9    ° 

■I  3 
II   3 

136 
.,6 

iS  0 

27  0 
27  0 

ii-iii.niesh 

Light 

Small  Rabbit. 

Medium 

■85    3 

10  6  12   I 

i 

.58 

21   0 

31  4 

GALVANISED  CORRUGATED  IRON  ROOFING  SHEETS. 

IRON    HURDLES,    BAR   and   WIRE   FENCING. 

STEEL   BARB  WIRE. 

FLOWER   and   NETTING    STAKES 

JET  BLACK  VARNISH,  for  Coating  FencinE,  Is.  6d. 

per  gallon,  carriage  paid,  in  18  and  36-gaUon  casks. 

THE    FRENCH    SYSTEM   OF  WIRING   WALLS  AND 

TRELLISES  FOR  TRAINING  FRUIT  TREES. 

J.    B.  BROWN   &  CO., 

90,    CANNON    STREET,    LONDON,    E.C. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
all  outdoor  work,  while  ic  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u'^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  dd.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  u.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Sution  in  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial. 

"•  Pierce  field  Park,  June  21,  1876.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Vamish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.— I  am,  Sirs,  yours  re- 
spectfully. Wm.  Cox,"  ^  ^ 


CA  UTION.-H11.1.  &  Sm 
Customers  against  the  vario 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  esutes  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numero\is 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  Uuly  genuine  article. 
Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
ajid  Entrance  Gates.  Sec,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks,  Staafordshire  : 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
Street,  Glasgow. 


Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
years  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAT  BAGS.     Price  and  « 


f  and  5,  Won 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:— 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  g  in.,  at  2j.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  is.  id.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  %s.  2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLlgUK,  Asion  Clmion.  Tilng.  Bucks. 
Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Mercbants. 

MATS    and   RAFFIA  FIBRE   supplied  at 
lower  prices  than  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.     For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 
MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Covent  Carden,  W.C. ^ 

USSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 

Before    Buyine.    write    for   JAS.   T,   ANDERSON'S 
Annual  Catalogue  (just  issued),  which  wdll  be  forwarded  post- 
fre*  on  application. — 140.  Commercial  Street.  J.ondon,  E. 
RegUtered  Teleisniphic  Address-"  JATJEA,  LONDOH.  ' 


November  28,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


701 


BOULTON   &   PAUL,   Norwich, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS   and   HEATING    ENGINEERS, 


Awarded  tlie  GOLD  and  SILVER  MEDALS  by  the  Koyal  Horticultural  Society,  for  the 
General  Excellence  of  their  Exhibits— 1881. 

CONSERVATORIES,  ORCHID-HOUSES,  PEACH-HOUSES,  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES, 

&c.,  of  the  best  Material  and  Workmanship,  at  Prices  defying  all  Competition. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  in  ayiy  part  of  the  Country,     Surveys  made.     Estimates  and  Lists  post-free. 

General   CATALOGUE   Dost-free. 


feet  boxes, 

A  large  stock  of  similar  curreot  sizes  of  15-OZ.  gbss  m 
300  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Jolm's  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  London,  B.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Cane!,     Rustic 
Worlc,   .Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
W  ATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


THE  BEST  DRESS  GOODS  are  the  CHEAPEST -PEASE'S  (Estab,  1752)  SUCCESSORS' are  the  VERY  BEST  MADE. 

LADIES,  in  any  part  of  the  World,  are  invited  to  send  for  Patterns  to  the  ACTUAL  SPINNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS,  who  will 
IMMEDIATELY  forward  Samples  and   Illustrated  Circular,  POST-FREE,  of  the  VARIOUS  descriptions  of  their  DRESS  FABRICS. 

ANY  QUANTITY  CUT,  from  all  the  New  and  Seasonable  Makes  and  Colours,  at  Wholesale  Prices. 

THE  LARGEST  and  CHOICEST  STOCK  in  England  of  BONA  FIDE  Home  Manufactured  Goods  held  by  the  Actual  Manufacturers. 
At  the  Bradford  Teclinital  Exhibition,  opened  by  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  in  face  of  the  keenest  local  and  universal  competition,  we  obtained 
the  only  Cold  Medal  for  Cashmeres  awarded  by  the  Clothworkers'  Company,  London,  which  was  the  highest  honour  any  manufacturer  could  obtain. 


OUR    GOLD    UEDAL    CASHMERES, 

From  li.  llrf.  to  3f.  per  yard. 
M  E  R  I  N  0  E  S, 

from  2j.  to  Zs.  Gtt.  per  yard. 
OTTOMANS, 

From  Is.  to  3s.  per  yard. 
COSTDME    CLOTHS, 

From  2s.  to  4j.  per  yard. 
CORDS, 

From  6*/.  to  ll.  6ii'.  per  yard. 
All  the  above  are  PLAIN  and  COLOURED. 

oy  ordering  direct  from  us,  all  intermediate 
profits  are  saved. 

Unlike  so-called  Manufacturing  Companies,  who  buy 
ot  good,  bad,  and  indifferent  manufacturers  to  sell  again 
as  their  own,  and  ^l  ordinary  retail  prices,  the  goods  of 
HENRY  PEASE  and  CO.'S  SUCCESSORb  are  of 
their  own  manufacture.  They  are  thus  enabled  to 
warrant  the  wear  and  quality  of  every  yard,  and  to  sell  at 
prices  which  cannot  be  approached. 

Ladies  are  invited  to  send  for  Patterns  from  any  part 
of  the  World,  when  they  will  immediately  receive  a  com- 
plete set  with  Illustrated  Circular,  Post-free. 


DARLINGTON 

(Practically  untearable  either  way  of  the  cloth) 

CROSS-WARP 


From 
lUd.  to 


SERGES. 


Is.  Hid. 
per  yard. 


OCEAN,     CANVAS,    and   BASKET    CLOTHS, 

Plain  and   Figured, 

At  lO^a*/.  per  yard. 
NDNS'    VEILINGS. 

Plain  and    Figured. 

From  B%J.  to  10!^^.  per  yard. 
SOLEILS, 

Plain  and  Figured, 

From  Is.  iif.  to  3j.  per  yard. 

Manufactured  at  ODK  OWN  MILLS  from  raw 
Wool  to  Cloth. 

OUR  MANUFACTURES  have  had  133  years 
REPUTATION,  and  are  made  from  the  SAME  YARN 
as  goods  supplied  to  H.R.H.  the  PRINCESS  of 
WALES.  They  are  the  best  made  (1000  people  being 
engaged  in  their  production,  from  the  sheep's  back  to 
that  of  the  wearer),  and  are  WARRANTED  to 
WEAR  and  ALWAYS  LOOK  WELL.  Purchases  o 
C I  and  upwards  carriage  paid.     Address^ 


HENRY      PEASE      &      C  O.'S       SUCCESSORS, 

Spinners  and  Manufacturers,  The  Mills,  DARLINGTON.     Established,  1752. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The    Gardeners'    Chronicle"    for 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0 


.  Months, 


^p^~^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  ^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :—  13  Months,  ^^l  3s.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  us.  ild.  ;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  Lotidon,  to  W.  RICHARDS.  g.  c. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  ''  DRUMMOND,"  ^^      ' 


702 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  28,  1885. 


THE  gardeners;  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lou  c!utr;ed  as  two. 


4  Lines. ..^o 

5  „    ...  o 

6  „     ...  o 

7  „     ...  o 

8     o 

9  „     ...  o 

10  „     ...  o 

11  „     ...  o 

12  „     ...  o 

13  „    ...  o 

14  „    ...  o 


15  Lines. 

•^0    8 

16     „    . 

•    0    9 

17     „    . 

•    0    9 

18     „    . 

.    0   10 

19     „    . 

.    0  10 

20     „    . 

.   0   II 

21     „    . 

.011 

22     „    . 

.    0   12 

23     „    . 

.    0   12 

24     „    . 

.    0   13 

25     „    . 

.   0  13 

;t  across  columnSi  ihe  lowest  choTEC  will  be  30J. 
Page  . .  . .         ^         . .  iig     o     o 

Half  Page 500 

Column       350 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

25  words  IJ.  6*/.,  and  6./.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  Ime. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices^  its 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autlufrities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  5J.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

hv  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  l\   33.  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  :    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  (excepting   India   and  China) :    includin?    Postage, 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 

Post-office   Orders  to  be   made  payable    at    DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


te-LASSHOUSES&WEAflNGN 


15?^ 


BKAtirORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.(Si^ 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


-~ii^4i^aS"l 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desciipiion  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  materUl  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
_  Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings,    Greenhouses,    and 
:s,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  hoxes  ace  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted  ;— 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     jCa  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ,,  4  15     o 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,  „  „  „  -^   15     o 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  „         ,,  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON. 

MANCHESTER. 


BOULTON    <&    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

GREENHOUSES.    GARDEN    FRAMES. 


SPECIAL    PRICES 
on    application. 

LISTS    POST-FREE. 


RICHARDSON'S 


^i^:,i     ■,aagB!a^4i:jl 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


NORTH  OF  ENGLAND        "~~'\'^ 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,         ^""\J^O 

DARLINGTON  

DEANE    &    CO.'S 
''GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 


10  ft.  long,  8  ft.  wide,  lo  ft.  6  in.  high. 

Price    complete,    with   staging,  coloured   glass,    gutter,    aiid 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Apparatus.     Erected  complete  within 

t5  miles  of  London  Bridge,  or  delivered  carriage  free  to  any 

station  in  England.  C\C\C 

LARGER  SIZES,  complete  a3  above, 

12  ft.  by  S  ft.       15  ft    by  9  ft.       lo  (t.  by  10  ft.       05  ([.  1-y  12  ft. 
£23.  £35  103.  £44  10s.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conserv.atorles,  Green- 
houses, &c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE 
ON  APPLICATION. 

Surveys  mjde  and  Plans  and  Eifimjtcs  Free. 

DEANE  &~CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^'st'J^f,  £.■""■"}  LONDON  BRIDGE. 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  iM.  per  foot,  in 
bo.xes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6rf. 
per  lb.,  or  421- per  c*t.  — B.  LAMB  and  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Varnish  Merchants,  Eudders.  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
dryraen,  8,  Bucknall  Street,  London,  W.C. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip," 

No.  14,  Japanned,  i3r.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  2if   ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  25j. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BBIEBLEY    &    SON,    BIEMINGHAM. 


FOR     SALE,    a    PEACH    RANGE, 
90  feet  by  t2  feet  6  inches,  and   it  feet  high,  with  Fruit 
Trees  and  Piping,  in  three  compaitments.     Apply, 

L.  P.  EDWARDS,  Crosby  Court.  Northallerton. 


The   Original   and    only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  .If^cni.lK.n   for  Ilc.iuiig  A|,p.itati,s. 
THE     LARGKsr    SKICK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  GreenbouBes,  Bedrooms,  &c. 
Ptire  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  (or  about 
id.,    without   attention.       P.iniplilit  .ind  authenticitled 
Testimonials  sent.       In  use  daily  at  Patentee's — ■ 

THOMAS    ROBERTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


GOLD   MEDAL    AWARDED 

from  tlie  International  ExMbition,  1886,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

f,.ir  tbeir  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 

I'rue  I.i:,ts  /rec. 

T.     WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEVVAY    HOUSE,    E.\STVILLE,    BRISTOL. 

Agents  Wanted  to  sell  Wood's  Boilers. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

ilFL'SH    and    SCOTC/n. 
"Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  31.  6..^.  botlle  ;  42s.  doren. 
"  Special  Jury"  whiskey,  7  years  old.  4s.  bottle  :  48*.  dozen. 

"Grand  Jury"  Whiskey  J  "3  y^tj^^  old,  55.  bottle:  6oi.doz. 

(  20  J  ears  old,  6s.  bottle  ;    7 2 j.  dor. 
So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  ihe  excellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  samile  bottle  {Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  fart  of  the  United  KinEflom  upon  receipt  of  remittance 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 

PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

stand  most  wonderful 

DISCOVERY. 

es  perfectly,    without 

ine,  ail  such  diseases 

as     Bronchitis,     Whooping 

C3ugh,     Influenza,       Hay- 

tever.  Diphtheria,  &c. 

2s.  3d.  per  box, 

with  full  directions  for  use. 
Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Patent  Medicine  Vendors, 
or  sent  direct  (where  it 
cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
lo  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  wholesale  depQt. 
Audrfsi— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 


E         P         P        S     '     S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


November  2S,  i8Sj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


703 


ALL    AGREE 

THE    "RED    ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powerful 

heating  Boiler  yet  introduced. 

Awards  :— 

Inlernatknal  Exhibition,  London-Silver  Medal. 
Northumberland  Agricultural— Silver  Medal. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  Horticultural— Very  Highly  Commended. 
Royal  Caledonian,  Edinburgh— Unanimously  Commended. 

The  foUnwhig   Gintlemitt,    Nursery  mm,   and    Hot  water 
Engineers  Jiave  alrady  kitidley  Iwnottred  with  tfieir  apprecia- 
tion and  confidence  by  ordering  the  "  Red  Rose"  several  of 
ivhom  have  also  forwarded  most  valuable  testimonials  :— 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esa  ,  Kimmel  Park,  Abergele,  N.W. 
R.  C.  CLEPHAN,  Esq.,    Birtley  White   House,    Chester-Ie- 

Street. 
T.JONAH  SMITH,  Esq.,  Ash  Lodge,  Watford   Herts. 
Rev.  R.  D.  SHAFTOE.  The  Vicarage,  Branspeth. 
EDWD  WILLIAMS,Esq  .Cleveland Lodge, Middlesborough. 
The  TRUSTEES,  Wesleyan  Chapel,  Chester-le-Street. 

On  account  of  the  great  success  achieved  at  the  Wesleyan 
Chapel  the  Primitive  Methodists  have  also  decided  to  Older  the 
"  Red  Rose  "  for  their  new  chapel. 

Nurserymen : — 
Messr-.  T.  H-\RKNESS  and  SON,  Leeming,  Yorkshire. 
,    JOHN  E.  KNIGHT.  Wolverhampton. 
„     JOHN  TURTLE.  Welling,  Kent. 
„     E.  HILLIERS,  Winchester. 

HUGH  MUNRO  and  SON.  Lamesley.  Co,  Durham. 
,     A.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Newtonards,  Ireland. 
,       F.  n.  POUi;TIE,  Bridge  of  Allan.  N.B. 
,      G.  FAIRBAIKN,  Botcherby,  Carlisle. 
,    WILLIAM   HANDVSIDES,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
'      E.  W,  CANTELLO,  Eandown,  Isle  o(  Wight. 
„    J.  B.  WALKER,  Tavistock. 

For  particulars  apply 

JOSEPH    WITHERSPOON, 

RED    ROSE    VINERIES,    CHESTER-LE-STREET. 

PS.— French  and  German  Patents  for  Sale. 


Bosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


fMali 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  materials  of  great  durabihty.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  thsy  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little    room,  and, 

—  further    labour  or  expense, 

as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3,1.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Too 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rate; 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  sec  above. 
N.B,— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whar> 
A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERV.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kenoaid),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  near  Rich- 
mond,  Surrey,  where  assistance  is  kept.  Must  under- 
stand Vineries,  Flowers,  and  Fruit  Culture.  Wages  air  ,  with 
cottage.  Wife  to  undertake  the  Laundry.  No  children. 
Abstainer  preferred.  — Address,  stating  age  and  previous  ex- 
perience, to  N.  B..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Fruit  Tree  Foreman. 

WANTED,  an  experiencecJ  and  thoroughly 
practical  MAN,  to  take  charge  of  the  Fruit  Tree 
Department.  Every  encouragement  given  to  a  really  good 
man. — Apply,  in  own  handwriting,  stating  age,  experienc>>, 
where  last  employed,  and  waees  required,  to  JAMES 
DICKSON  AND  SONS.  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 


WANTED,  a  young  man  (English)  to  act  as 
SALESMAN  and  PROPAGATOR,  under  the  fore- 
man, in  an  Outdoor  Nursery,  containing  Fruit,  Roses, 
Conifers,  Evergreens,  and  Forest  Trees.  Must  have  had 
experience  in  the  working  of  Conifers,  Roses,  &c.— Apply  (by 
letter  only),  with  references,  and  state  age,  to  WOOD  AND 
INGRAM,  The  Nurseries,  Huntingdon, 


WANTED,  a  MAN,  well-up  in  Cucumber 
and  Tomato  Growing,  also  ordinary  ;Pot-stu(I,  to  take 
Charge  of  and  Work  a  Small  Nursery.  Comfortable  Cottage 
provided. — State  lowest  wages  required  a»d  references  to 
C.  H.  COWLES,  Woodford  Green.  Kssex. 

ANTED,   by  a  Provincial   House,   a   re- 
spectable YOUTH   for  the  Garden  and  Flower  Seed 
Depastment.— Address,  sLilifg  experience,  fcc.   Box  59,  Post 
Office,  Hull. 

WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN. 
Must  be  of  easy  address,  active,  obliging,  and  have  a 
fair  knowledge  of  Flower  Seed;.— Apply  in  own  handwriting, 
stating  age,  falaty  required,  and  references,  to  HARRISON 
AND  SONS.  Seed  Mej;chants,  Leicester.  

WANTED,  an  active  respectable  YOUTH, 
in  a  City  Seedsman's  and  Florist's,  to  Learn  the 
Business,  and  make  himself  useful —State  full  particulars  and 
W.iges  expected,  to  LEARNER.  Gardeners' Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Eestante  "  to  initials 
or  to  ficiitious  names  are  nof  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  r44.  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wahing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

''PC     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

JL      McIntvrb  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake   Formation  and   Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens      Plans  prepared. 

irs,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hi.l.  N. 


RICHARD  SMITH, AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c. — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fll  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Geutiemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

(^  ARDENER     (Head);    age    29.— Mr. 

VJ  Howell,  Gardener.  Headington  Hill  Hall,  Oxford,  can 
confidently  recommend  his  Foreman  (G.  Grigg)  to  any  Lady 
or  Gentleman  requiring  the  seivices  of  a  thorough  good  all- 
round  mao.—  For  lurther  particuUrs  apply  as  above. 


/:i  ARDENER   (Head),  where.two  or  more 

V-J  are  kept.— Age  30  :  understands  Gardening  in  all  its 
branches.  Seventeen  years'  exoerience  in  N'lrsery  and  Private 
Establishments.  Wesleyan.  Good  references.— W.  T.  H., 
Broad  Moor  Cottage,  near  Weston,  Bath. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  married.  —  Lord 
Wantage,  Lockinge  Park,  Warage,  Berks,  can 
strongly  recommend  L.  Day  to  any  La"  y  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  practical  mar;  as  above.  —  For 
particulars,  &c.,  apply  to  Lord  WANTAGE. 

ARDENER     (Head).  —  Mr.     ^Bennett, 

Vineyard,  Potter's  Bar  (late  Head  Gardener  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Salisbury),  can  with  confidence  recommend  a  thorough 
practical  man,  of  twenty  years'  experience  in  first-class  places, 
to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a 
Gardener,  fully  competent  to  Manage  a  good  establishment. 

GARDENER  (Head).— George  Smith,  for 
fifteen  years  Head  Gardener  to  John  Rylands,  Esq., 
Longford  Hall,  Stretford,  near  Manchester,  is  open  to  treat 
with  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  who  may  be  requiring  the 
services  of  a  qualified  Gardener.  First-class  relereuces. — 
Address  as  above. 

GARDENER^(HEAD)"to  an^TLa'dTT  Noble'- 
man.  or  Gentleman,  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly 
practical  tiustworthy  man.  Can  be  very  highly  recommended 
by  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,  as  a  first-class  man  of  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Growing  all  kinds  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and 
Vegetables ;  also  the  keeping  of  same  in  thorough  good  order. 
Highftst  testimonials.  —  R.  P.,  Sharnbrook,  Bedford. 

/^ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— Mr.  West- 

VT  coTT,  Gardener  to  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Cleveland, 
Raby  Cattle,  Darlington,  would  have  much  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending his  Foreman  as  Head  Gardener  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical,  steady,  and  respect- 
ful man,  who  has  been  in  general  charge  of  these  Gardens 
upwards  of  four  years,  and  given  every  satisfaction. 

ARDENER  (Head  or  Single-handed).— 

i,  no  family.     Good  character,    five  years'  from 
last  place.  — F.,  6,  West  Pembroke  Place,  Kensington,  W. 

ARDENER   (Second).— Age    25,    single  ; 

nine  years'  experience,  Inside  and  Out.  Goud  character. 
—J.  WiXON,  The  Gardens.  Hayes  Place,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

To  Maxket  Growers. 

FOREMAN  or  MANAGER  seeks  re-engage- 
ment as  above.  Twenty  years'  experience  in  all  brancties 
of  London  Plant  and  Cut  Flower  Trade.  Highest  references 
from  present  and  previous  employers. — MERRITT,  Pounce's 
Nursery,  Hendon. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment. 
— Age  26  ;  twelve  years'  good  practical  experience  in  all 
branches.  Excellent  character  ire  m  last  and  previous  employer. 
—J.  H..  Vale  of  Health.  Ripley,  Surrey. 


G 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (Working).  —  Thoroughly 
understands  the  Cultivation  of  Dracxnas.  Eucharis. 
Ferns,  Palms,  Poinsettias,  Gardenias  ;  including  Bouvardias, 
So'anums,  Cinerarias,  Primulas,  S:c.  Good  references.— R.  W., 
Longland's  Ntirsery,  Sidcup,  Kent. 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR.  —  Twenty 
years'  experience  in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Roses, 
Rhododendrons,  and  Clematis.  First-class  Maker  of  Bouquets, 
Wreaths,  Crosses,  &C.-T.  S.,  Brown  Edge,  Morton,  StalTotd- 
shlre. 


NURSERY  FOREMAN,  PLANT 
GROWER, and  PROPAGATORof  Softwooded  Plants, 
&C.— Well  experienced  in  Wreath  Making,  of  good  address  and 
highest  character:  can  Manage  a  Small  Nursery.— J.  C, 
Elccmbe  &  Son,  Romsey. 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER  (Indoor).— 
Age  23  ;  over  seven  years'  experience.     Good  references. 
-JOHN   WINSER,  Post-office,  Plummets'  Plain,  Horsham, 


JOURNEYMAN,   Inside  or   Out.— Age   21; 
good  character.— F.  ADAMS,  Kuton  Hill  Farm,  Preston 
Lane,  North  Shields,  Nr.rthumbeiland. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  23; 

O      used  to  the  work.     Good  character.— GEO.   STONES, 
The  Gardens,  Kiiby  Hall,  York. 

JOURNEYMAN  ;  age  21.— Thos.  Garnett, 
Cavendish  House  Gardens.  Claphara  Common,  S.W., 
strongly  desires  to  recommend  a  young  man.  as  above,  to  any 
Gentleman's  Gardener  requiting  a  steady-going,  persevering 
man.     Address  as  above. 

IMPROVER,     in    a   good   establishment.  — 
Age   i3  :    two  and  a  half  years' expeiienct.      Can  be  well 
recommended. -J.  A  ,  North  St.jke.  Wallingford.  Beiks. 

IMPROVER. — Age  18  ;  two  years'  experience 
in    a    Nob'eman's    garden.       Good    references.  —  G.   E. 
ISMAY.  Potteispury.  Stony  Stratford.  Bucks. 


SEED  TRADE.— A  young  man  (age  22) 
wishes  situation.  One  year's  Office  and-five  years'  experi- 
ence Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.— J.  WRIGHT.  Hurst  &  Son, 
r52,  Hounsdilch.  E. 

TRAVELLER,  MANAGER,  or  HEAD 
SHOPMAN.— Many  years'  experience,  and  thoroughly 
up  in  every  department  of  the  Seed  Trade.  Fair  knowledge  of 
Plants.— ALPHA,  qq,  Craven  Street,  Birkenhead. 

BOOK-KEEPER,  CASHIER,  or  any  posi- 
tion where  carefulness  and. efficiency  arerequired.— Age  30  : 
sixteen  J  ears'  practical  experience  in  the  Trade;  six  years  in 
last  situation.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  former  employers. 
— JA.MES   tR.^SER,  Armathwaite,  near  Carlisle. 

MANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.— Age 
30,  married  ;  fifteen  years'  practictl  e.xperience  in  the 
Wholesale  a^.d  Retail  Trade.  First-cla,s  ief=.eiices,-C.  B., 
(;,irA«,r.s' CA.OTHVi'f  Office,  41,  Wdlineton  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (He.\d).  — Middle-aged  ;  long 
and  practical  experience  in  all  the  branches.  Energetic  and 
correct.  Good  testimonials.— Please  addrass  '*  AGROSTIS," 
152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

SHOPMAN  (Head).— Age  29;  has  a  good 
knowledge  of  the  Trade  in  all  its  branches,  gained  during 
thirteen  years  in  some  of  the  leading  houses.  Understands 
Book-keeping,  and  could  undertake  Correspondence.  Five 
years  with  piesent  employer,  Messrs.  Veitch. — J.  C,  James 
Veiich  &  Sons,  Royal  Kxotic  Nursery.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

SHOPMAN. — Twelve    years'    experience. — 
First-class     reference?. — H.     K.,     Gardeners'    Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Fourteen  years'  experience  ; 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  Trade  ;  could  take  Management 
of  Business.  Fust-class  references.- S.  A.,  Hurst  &  Son,  15a, 
Houndsditch,  E. 

SHOPMAN  or  ASSISTANT.— Eleven  years' 
experience.  Thoroughly  up  in  all  departments  of  the 
Trade,  Field  and  Garden  Seeds.  Bulbs,  Implements,  &c.  Fair 
knowledge  of  Plants.— A.  B.,  124,  Holland  Street,  Glasgow. 

To  Florists  and  Seedsmen. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT. —Age  24; 
well  up  in  Bouquet  and  Wreath  Work  ;  also  Seeds  and 
Bulbs,  value  of  Cut  Bloom.  Good  Salesman.  First-class 
references.— C.  TAYLOR,  Salvington.  Worthing,  Sussex. 

HOPMAN    (ASSISTANT).— Ten    years'    ex- 
perience,    wholesale    and    Retail.     Good    references. — 
GEO.  COY,  W.  W.  Johnson  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants,  Boston. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (ASSISTANT).— Age  24  ;  eight 
years'  experience.  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  Trade. 
Unexceptional  references.— SEEDSMAN,  T.  B.  Thomson,  15, 
Parliament  Sireet.  Hull. 

ryo  THE   SEED  TRADE.— A  young  man 

-I-  (age  23)  requires  a  situation  in  the  Seed  Trade.  Four 
years'  experience  in  first-class  firms.  Has  been  twelve  months 
In  England,  at  John  Laing  &  Co.'s,  with  wham  he  is  at  present. 
Good  references.— E.  RUMAIN,  9,  Lower  Wmchester  Road, 
Catford,  London,  S.E. 

TO  THE  SEED  TRADE  —Situation  wanted 
by  a  young  man  (age  26)  with  good  references  and  eleven 
years'  experience.  Could  enter  upon  engagement  at  once. — 
S.  M.,  Hurst  &  Son,  152,  Houiidsditch,  London,  E. 

HOLLOVVAV'S  PILLS.—Weary  of  Life.— 
Derangement  of  the  Liver  is  one  of  the  most  efficient 
causes  of  dangerous  diseases,  and  the  most  prolific  source  of 
those  melancholy  forebodings  which  are  worse  than  death 
itself.  A  few  doses  of  these  noted  Pills  act  magically  in  dis- 
pelling low  spirits,  and  repelling  the  covert  attacks  made  oa 
the  nerves  by  excessive  heat,  impure  atmosphere,  over- 
indulgence, or  exhausting  excitement.  The  most  shattered 
constitution  may  derive  benefit  from  Holloway 's  Pills,  ■which 
will  regulate  disordered  action,  brace  the  nerves,  increase  the 
energy  of  the  intellectual  faculties,  and  revive  the  failing 
memory.  By  attentively  studying  the  instructions  for  taking 
these  Pills  and  explicitly  putting  them  in  practice,  the  most 
despondiDg  will  sooa  feel  confideot  of  a  perfect  recovery. 


704 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[MOVSMBER  28,    188$, 


TO   SEEDSMEN  AND   MARKET  GROWERS. 


HARRISONS'    EARLY    ECLIPSE    PEA. 

The    Earliest    Variety   in    Cultivation. 


The  haulm  is  of  a  peculiar  light  colour,  only  2  feet  in  height,  the 
pods  of  a  lively  green  and  well  filled,  and  is  the  heaviest  cropper  for  an 
early  variety  we  have  ever  seen.  The  seed  is  blue,  and  similar  in 
appearance  to  the  "  Kentish  Invicta,"  but  it  is  hardier  and  earlier  than 
that  excellent  variety. 

This  variety  was  selected  by  us  from  Harbinger,  which  was  intro- 


duced by  Mr.  Laxton  some  years  ago,  and  it  has  again  proved  its 
superiority  as  an  early  Pea  over  all  other  kinds.  We  published  last 
season  a  long  list  of  testimonials  from  nearly  every  county,  and  this  year 
we  have  a  far  greater  number,  too  many  for  publication.  We,  however, 
shall  be  glad  to  give  any  intending  purchaser  the  address  of  some  one  in 
their  locality  to  whom  they  may  refer. 


The  Earliest  in  the  SCarket,    and  made  the   Highest  Price  last  season. 
Price  on  application. 


HARRISONS' 

OR 


"EXHIBITION" 

IMPROVED    NE    PLUS 


MARROW 

ULTRA. 


PEA, 


In  order  to  introduce  this  selection  we  are  compelled  to  give  it  a 
distinct  name  to  prevent  it  being  classed  with  the  many  worn-out  stocks 
of  the  old  and  famous  Ke  plus  Ultra.  We  do  not  wish  it  to  be  con- 
sidered a  new  variety,  but  a  well  and  carefully  selected  stock  of  the 
original  one.  It  possesses  all  the  quality,  prolificness,  and  generd  useful- 
ness of  its  parent,  but  we  believe  has  a  better  constitution  and  improved 


character  ;  its  height  is  about  6  feet  in  ordinary  seasons,  and  very  robust. 
The  pods  are  deep  green  colour  and  filled  very  tightly  with  Peas  of 
unusual  size  and  o{  \.\\e  finest  JlaTOur  posi\\)\e.  It  is  undoubtedly  a  Pea 
that  should  be  grown  upon  sticks,  as  being  so  long  in  the  haulm,  and  not 
all  coming  in  together,  many  gatherings  may  be  made  from  the  crop 
during  the  season. 


Price  on  application. 

THE     SMITHFIELD     CLUB     CATTLE      SHOW. 

Our  STAND  No.  71,  at  this  Show,  will  be  in  the  usual  position  in  the  Galleries,  where  we  shall  have  samples  of  the  leading  kinds 
of  Peas,  Beans,  and  other  Seeds,  of  which  we  invite  an  inspection. 


HARRISONS'  "LIST  of  NOVELTIES  and  I'VIPROVED  VEGETABLE  SEEDS,"  Post-free  on  application. 
HAEEISON    &    SONS,    [^EED    GEOWEES,    LEICESTEE. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER     HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Qentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

CONTBA0TOR3    TO    HEB    MAJESTY'S    WAR    BEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


Rnlil  Mn>1n1  Rrll< 


UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

Have  the  '■^argest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  i^th  Edition, price  is. 

Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E., 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  a\,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  OfRce  of  Messrs.  Bradeurv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Pubbshed  by 
the  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  November  s8.  1885. 

AgODt  for  Manchester— John  Hbywood.  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Mbnzibs  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


C0tal)Usjbeti  I84i. 


No.  623.— Vol.  XXIV.{sSf"s.}     SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  5,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  ]      Price  5cl. 
Post'OflBce  as  a  Newspaper.  TPOST-FREE,  i\d. 


CONTENTS. 

Abie?,  nobllis  van  robusta    725  1  How  not  to  do  it..        ..  723 

Asa  Gray,  Dr 722  I  Huxley,   Professor         ..  720 

Banyan  in  a  bow),  an  old     713     Kitchen  garden,  the       . .  719 

Berry-bearing  plants     ..     717     Lycaste  cruenta  . . 

Books,  notices  of : —                        Nurseries,  notes  from    ..  723 

Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees. .     723     Obituary  :— 

\'ear-book  of  the  Scien-                   Burr,  D.  H.  D.           . .  730 
lific     and      Learned               OdGntoglossum    constric- 

Societies     of     Great                  turn  castaneum            ..  712 

Britain  and  Ireland  .     723     Orchids,  diseased           ..  725 

Bulletin  du  Congr£s  In-            I       »     at  Knebworth        .,  71S 

ternational  de  St.  Pe-               Orchid  notes  714 

lersbourg       ..          ..     722     Pears         ..          ..          ..  724 

Cladotrichum    passiflorse    724    Plants  and  their  culture  719 

Uandon  Park       ..          ..     711  '  Primula  floribunda         ..  725 

Colonial  notes      . .  . .     729  i       ,,     new  species  of  from 

Common     and     roadside                   China     ..          ..          ..  712 

slips  of  land       ..          ..     726     Rosery       ..          ..          ..  729 

Covent    Garden    Flower             Shrubs,  notes  on . .         ..  71G 

Market 713  !  Societies; — 

Cow-keeping  by  farm  la-  I      Clonmel      Chrysanthe- 

hourers 718!         mum  ..         ..         ..  7^3 

Farlhing-up         ..  ..     7'5         Edinburgh  Apple    and 

Eiglit  days  in  the  Garden                     Pear  Congress         ..  7^6 

of  England       ..         ..     714        Liverpool  Chr>'santhe- 

Eria  Rimanni       ..          ..     712            mum 727 

Eiicharis  Mastersii         . .      722  I       Swansea     Cho^santhe- 

Floral  pyramids     .          ..     726            mum  .            ..          ..  727 
Florists' flowers  ..          ..      7191      York    Ancient    Society 
Flower  garden,  the        ..      719:          of  Florists'   Chrysan- 

Forestry    ..            .         ..      7161          themum         ..          ..  728 

Fungus,  an  edible         ..      716     Stocks  for  market            ..  724 

Grevillea  robusia             . .     725  !  Summer  Hill.   Pendleton  724 

Hardy  fruit  garden,   the     719     Taxed  f.  untaxed  trading  720 

Hemlock  Spruce  bark  ex-              Trimen.  Dr 722 

tract    ..          ..     724     Weather,  the        .,         ..  730 

Honours  to  horticulturists     725  '  Woods  in  America         ..  722 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Agaricus  infundibuliformis        ..                   ..         ..  71G 

Banyan  trained     ..        ..         ..         ..         ..         ..         ..713 

Claciotrichum  passiflorae..                      ..         ..          ..          ..  724 

Erilrichium  barbigerum ..          ..         ..          ,.          ..         ..  716 

Eucharis  Mastersii           ..          ..         ..          ,.          ,.         ..  7^1 

Hamulus  japonrcus        716 

Lycaste  cruenta 721; 

Phacelia  Pan 


716 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGKAMS. 

I^OTICE  to  CorrespondeniSy  Advert isers^  Sub- 
scribers^ and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress/or Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
""  G  A  RD  C  H  R  ON, 

London.^'' 


#*  OUR  ALMANAC  FOR  \%Zh.— Secretaries 
of  Provincial  and  Metropolitan  Horticul- 
tural Societies  ate  invited  to  send  us,  as 
soon  as  possible^  i^e  Dates  of  th.eir  Meetings 
and  Exhibitions  during  the  ensuitig year^  so 
as  to  ensure  their   i?i:>ertio7i. 


Now  Ready.  In  cloth,  16s. 
'T'HE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I       Volum«  XXIir.  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885, 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellmzton  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


'T^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

-l  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Agentfor  America:— C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  KensinRton,  S.W. 
NOTICE  t  — COMMITTEE     MEETINGS.      Fruit    and 
Floral,  at    I!  AM,   in  the   Conservatory:    SCIENTIFIC,  at 
I    KM.,   in   the   Lmdiey    Library,    on    TUESDAY     NEXT, 
December  8 
N.B.-Exhib;tors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

PEcIaL  offer.  —  HORSE  ^CHEST- 
NUT. 2  to  3  feet,  ji.  td.  per  103;  I.EVCESTERIA 
FORMOSA,  itrone.  ajj.  per  100  ;  ABIES  DOUGLASII,  i  to 
»  feet.  J5!.  per  too;  PINUS  CEMBRA,  2  103  feet,  25!.  per 
100;  P.  STROBUS,  3  to  4  feet,  301.  per  103;  LAUREL 
SPURGE,  9  to  12  inches,  \6s.  per  100:  GOOSEBERRIES, 
line  sorts.  4-yr  ,  Zs  per  ico  ;  PEARS,  fine,  4  to  5  feet,  6i.  per 
dozen  ;  PLUMS,  fine,  4  to  5  feet,  61,  per  doien. 
MACLEOD  AND  CAMERON,  " 


CHRISTMAS        KOSES. 
CHRIST.UAS    ROSES. 
HELLEBORUS    NIGER    ANGUSTIFOLIUS,    "  Brock- 
hurst  "  variety,  pure  white,  very  free,  pood  grower,  grand  for 
Forcinj    anel  the  best   of  all   the   Christinas    Roses.      Strong 
rj    ^^^^  ^^^  2j.  6rf.  each  ;   i8r.,  24J.,  and  30^.  per 


clumps, 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Ni 
1  2,  Market  Sueet,  Manchester. 


TELEGRAMS — "PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 

is  Registered  by  and  suffices  for 

PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 

The.^reat  all-round  Hardy  Plant  Nursery. 


TMANTOPHYLLUM     (CLIVIA) 

X  GRANDIFLORA. 

Heilthy  i-yr.  see  llings,  in  twenty  j-orts  of  tiie  Best  vaiietles — 
LiLideni,  Van  Houtlei,  maxin.a,  robusta,  Paikmsoni,  &c. 

One  Guinea. 

Delivered,  free  by  Post,  to  all  countries,  for  Cash  with  Order. 
ED.   PYNAERT,  Ghent,  Belsium. 


LARCH,  I-yr.  l-yr.,  5.!.  6ct  ;   i  to  lA  foot,  \os. 
6d.  ;  1 1^  to  2  feet,  iGj.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  2or.  ;  3  to  4  feet,  25*.  ; 
4  to  5  feet,  325.  6d.  per  1003.     Nett   cash.    Ground  wanted. 
Trade  prices  on  application.     Apply  at  once. 
The  Nurseries,  FUnybyther. 


MANETTI      STOCKS,    harii      and     well- 
rooted,  fine  for  Grafting  or  Planting,  31.  per  100,  20s. 
per  looD.  .£8  per  io,co3.     Packagee  free  for  cish. 
KIRK  ALLEN,  The  Nursery.  Fen  Drayton.  St.  Ive's.  Hunts. 


DOUBLE     AFRICAN      TUBEROSES.— 
Eitra  fine.  ios.  per  too,  £^  per  1030 ;  extra  large,  finest 
ever  imported,  lis   6d.  per  10 '. 
AMERICAN  PEARL,  ditto,  121.  per  too.  £s  P"  io<:o. 
LIHU.M    AURATU.M,  e-itta  latgs  firm  bulbs,  vey  low. 
MORLE  AND  CO.,  I,  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

Tlie  Grand  New  Regal  Pelirgonlum, 

LEWIS'S  DUCHESS  of  ALBANY.— Good 
Plants  from  Mi.  is.  01  eacli,  three  Plants  lor  41.  :  large 
Plants  from  5  inch  pots.  2s.  6J.  each,  three  plant*  fjr  6,-.  6d.      A 
further  reduction  for  larger  q  nam  1  ties.    Packing  and  carriage  free. 
J.  LEWIS  AND  SON,  Newtown  Nurseries.  Malvein 

Grand  Chrlatmaa  Trees  In  great  variety, 

JACKSON      .\ND      CO.,     Nurseries, 

Bedile,  have  the  above,  fine  in  colour,  for  Decorating 
Mansions,  Hotels,  &c      Write  for  LIST  of  sons  and  prices. 

Ko  s  E  s  —  R  o  sl:  s  — ITds^E  s.— 
50  choice  Perpetuals  for  2ir  ;  purchaser's  selection  from 
403  best  varieties.  List  of  names  on  application.  24  Choice 
Sundards  or  Half-standards,  215  :  purchaser's  selection. 


w 


Cash  » 


JAMES  WALTERS,  Ro 


nd-r. 


,  Mo 


t  Radford.  Ex 


PEARS— PEARS— PEARS.— PYRAMIDS, 
of  the  finest  varieties,  6s.,  9J.,  12J.  per  dozen  :  TRAINED 
TREES,  I2S..  151,  i8t  perdoztn. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nurseries,  Altrincham  ; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

ASPBERRY     CANES    and    CURRANT 

TREES.-Kor  the  famous  Carter's  Prolific  RASP- 
BERRY CANES,  Naples  Black  and  Dutch  Red  CURRANT 
TREES,  apply  fur  wholesale  sale  prices  to 

ALBERT  BATH,    Sevenoaks,  Kent. 


Altrincham  ; 


WILLIAM  DENMAN,  Salesman  and 
HoRTicuLTLRAL  AoENT,  Covent  Garden,  W.C..  has 
a  large  demand  for  CHkVSANTHEMUMS,  EUCHARIS. 
CaLLAS,  CAMELLIAS,  and  other  CU  I'  FLOWERS. 

Large  quantity  of  strong  fl  iwering  LILY  of  the  VALLEY 
CROWNS  on  hand.     Low  price  on  application. 


Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WI  S  E  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  supplied. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Fruit  and  Flower  Salesmen,  Fruit 
Market,  and  igi.  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London, W.C. 
Warbhoisk— 37.  Hart  Street,  W.C. 

QUELCH         AND        BARN  HAM, 

North  Row,  CoventGarden,  London,W.C.,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

QQUELCH         AND         BARNHAM, 

k^      giving  personal  attention    to   all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH         AND        BARNHAM. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily, and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  AgencY. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  i;2.  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C.  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers'  and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.      Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

WM.  PERRY,  Jun.,  Smithfield  Market, 
Manchester,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c.     Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 


Sale. 


Bankers'  and  Trade  referen 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— Good, plump,  sound 
Bulbs,  6r  ,  gr.,  121.,  i8r.,  and  24c.  per  dozen;  extra 
strong,  jOi.  and  425.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LI  LIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.   WILLIAM  BULL'S  Eslablishme  it  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  53^,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


WANTED,  itDoo  FOREST  TREES  of  lo 
to  15  years  growth.  — Apply,  stating  height,  sorts,  and 
prices  delivered  in  Hudder^field.  to 

Box  A.  53.  Post  OHice,  Huddersfield. 


Two  Hundred  and  Fifty  THousand 

LI  L  Y   of   the  V  A  L  L  E  Y     ROOTS, 
for  early  forcing,  strong,  will  bloom  very  well. 
26  marks  per  1000.  inclusive  of  packing. 
F.  W.   KRAUSE,   Lily  of  the  Valley  Grower,   Neusalz  on 
the  O  Jer.  Germany. 

Nympbsea  alba  rosea  I 
A       M.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 

.*^^»       to    offer    strong    i-year   Seedlings    of    this   beautiful 

Hardy  Rose-coloured  WATER-LI  LY.     Price  on  application. 

Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwolle,  Netherlands. 


H 


Cedrus  Decdara. 
LANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 

in  the    coui.try— fine,    we'l-grown   Trees,    with    good 
lom  3  to  12  fett  and  upwards,   to  offir  cheap,     CATA- 


The  Nu 


Berkhamstea'l,  Herts. 


YE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 
containing  its  History,  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
D  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts,    Price  is. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  Clumps,  and 
SPIR.EA  JAPONICA. -Extra  choice  clump;  of  the 
LILIES  at  705.  per  100,  and  first-class  selected  Clumps  ol 
SPIk.-EASat  i2/.per  100. 

CATALOGUES  of  Continental  Stock  free. 
AUG.  VAN  GEERT.  Continental  Nursery.  Ghent,  Belgium 


pHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five   hundred 

VV  varieties,  including  the  best  ol  the  Exhibition.  Decora 
five.  Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  ir.  dj.  per  dozen,  los.  per  ico, 
Plants,  2S.  6d  per  dozen,  ifis.  per  100  ;  ready,  end  of  December 
Many  of  the  best  growers  in  the  country  aie  supplied  from  thi-. 
collection.      For  the  grand  new  sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 


r  Ho 


iscombe,  Ke 


H 


WM.  ETHERINGTON,  Ma 

U~  G~H        l"6~\V       AND       (To". 

Offer  in  flo»er:  — 
BOUVARDIAS,  iSs  per  dozen. 
CYCLAMENS,  18s.,  241.,  301,  4JI.  per  dozen 
ERICA  HVEMALIS,  ^Csper  100. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  K. 

P  U^"   LILIES    of   the    V  A  L  L  E  Y, 

V^  and    MAIDENHAIR       FERN. 

Regular  supplies  daily. 
T.   JANNOCH,   Lily  of  the  Valley  Nursery,  Dersingham, 
King's  Lynn. 

TELEGRAMS  —  "  JANNOCH,  DERSINGHAM." 

PINUS  BOLANd¥rIL^A  beautiful  hardy 
PINE,  with  colour  and  habit  about  equal  to  insignis,  and 
ashardy  as  our  Scotch  Fir.  12  to  18  inches,  45.  ;  18  to  24  inches, 
6i.  ;  2  to  3  feet.  or.  per  dozen. 

A  LIS  1  i.f  other  haidy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORKIbdN   HKOTHERS.  Aberdeen. 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  258. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  coniains  a  mist  interesting  aad  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Birder  or  Kock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  Itee. 

RICHaRD    smith    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester, 

The  Pear  Congreas. 

PAUL   AND    SON    have    Fruiting    Espalier 
Trees  of  most  of  the  fine^t  sorts  shown,  and  of  many  ol 
the  best  Novelties.      See  the  Tree<. 

The  -Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N. 


HAMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH    VINES. -Extra    strong    Fruiting    Canes   of 
the  above  and  all  other  leading  varieties  at  gr.  ally  reduced 


LA.XTON'S    NEW    FRUITS   and   V£GE- 
TABLES.-Eicht  First-class  Certificates  in  188..     Send 
for  particulars  of  New  Peas.  Beans,  Potatos,  Tomatos,  Apples, 
Strawberries,  and  other  good  Novelties  to 
THOMAS  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  B^dhrd. 

Tne  New  Raspberry. 
T     ORD        BEACONSFIELD. 

i  -i  (A  Seedling.) 

The  finest    Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.      First- 
class  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Strong  Canes.  £,i  per  100  ;  91.  per  dozen. 

Usual  allowance  to  Trade,  5  per  cent,    discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A    FAULKNOR.  Inkpen,  Huogerford. 

OR  SALE,  SEAKALE,  large  Forcing  Roots ; 

ditto,  plantable.      For  prices,  &c..  apply  to 
E.  WlLStJN  SERPELL.  Nurseryman.  Plymouth. 

AULIFLOWER        PLANTS     for     SALE 

(Early  London  strain).      For  price,  apply 
CHAS.  steel,    Grower,  New  Farm.  Eahng,  W 


F 


7o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  5,  1885. 


SALES    BY^MJCTION. 

Dutch  Bulbs.-Monday.  Tlim-sday,  &  Saturday  Next. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68,  CheapsiHe,  E.C.  on  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and 
SATURDAY  NEXT,  M  half-past  ii  o'Clock  precisely  each 
dav.  about  800  Lots,  comprising  thousands  of  Double  and 
Single  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  NARCISSUS,  CROCUS, 
and  other  BULBS  from  HoUand,  in  cvcellent  quality,  lotted 
to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 

On  view  moraine  of  Siile,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
3000  LILIUM    AURATUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
mil    include  in  their    SALE    on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
December  8.   3000  unusually  fine  Bulbs  of  LILIUM    AURA- 
TUAI,  just  received  from  Japan  in  splendid  condition. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next, 
looo  LILIUM  AURATU.VI  (rom  Japan,  unus-Kally  fine  bulbs  : 
CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  and  FICUS,  fiom  Belgium  ; 
FERNS  and  PALMS,  and  900  Standard  and  Dwarf 
ROSES  of  the  best  sorts,  from  English  Nurseries;  LILY 
of  the  VALLEY,  a  choice  assorlment  of  hardy  En2li~h- 
grown  LILIES  and  BULBS,  NARCISSUS,  SPIR.tiAS, 
CHRISTMAS  ROSES.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale    Rooms,    67    and   68,  •  Cheapside,    E.C,    on  TUESDAY 
NEXT,  December-S,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Fliisbury  Park. 

(Five  Minutes  walk  from  the  Station). 
CLEARANCE  SALE  OF  GREENHOUSE  PLANrS.  &c. 

iVlESSRS.    PROTHEROE  AND    MORRIS 

IVJ.  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  The  Park 
Nursery,  Blackstock  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  December  10,  at  i.-  o'clock  precisely,  without  reserve, 
by  order  of  Mr.  J.  R-  Bunn,  the  erections  of  four  span-roof 
Greeiihouses,  and  materials  for  another  \  1000  feet  hot-water 
Piping.  3  and  4  inch  ;  two  Saddle  Boilers;  20  Loose  Lights; 
also  the  whole  of  the  Greenhouse  Plants,  including  10.000  Scarlet 
and  other  Geraniums.  150  Ficus  elaslica,  Dracaenas,  Ferns, 
looo  old  Crimson  Cloves.  &c.  On  vie 
Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  3 

and  68.  Cheapside.  E.C. 

Friday  Next. 

ODONTOOLOSSUM    ALEXANDR.E. 

ONCIDIUM    SARCODES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  63.  Cheapside.  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NE.XT. 
December  it,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  (rder  of 
Messrs.  Shutlleworth,  Carder  &  Co.,  a  fine  importation  of 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM  (Alexandra:),  in  variety  ; 
and  ESTAtLISHED  ORCHIDS,  in  variety;  also  (mother 
property)  an  importation  of  ONCIDIUM  SARCODES  just 
received  in  splendid  condition  from  Brazi'. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids  -Special  Sale 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  m  FLOWER  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY. 
December  22  (just  before  the  Christmas  holidays),  for  which 
they  will  be  glad  to  receive  notice  of  entries  as  early  as  possible. 

Eastbourne 

MR.     J.     C.     TOWNER     will    SELL    by 
PUBLIC    AUCTION,  at    the    Gildridge    Hotel,   on 
MONDAY,  December  14.  at  3  o'clock  i.M.  precisely,  a 

LEASEHOLD      PROPERTY, 
situated  at  Roselands,  Eastbourne,  comprising  about  2  Acres  of 
Land.  Dwelling  house,    Ontbuildings,    and    about  500  feet    of 
Vineries  ;  now  let  on  lease  at  a  rental  of  ;£i30  per  annum. 

The  Property  is  Leasehold,  for  an  unexpired  term  of  about 
seventy  years,  at  a  ground  rent  of  £,20, 

Full  Particulars  and  Conditions  of  Sale  may  be  had  of 
R.  PIDCOCK,  Esq.,  Solicitor.  Eastbourne  and  Woolwich, 
and  of  the  Anctioneer.  Eastbourne. 

Monday  Next. -(Sale  No.  7035.) 
5000  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan: 
800Q  TIGRIDIAS  and  GLADIOLI,  from  New  Jersey; 
Dwarf  and  Standard  ROSES,  from  F.ance  ;  :;  oj  crowns 
and  clumps  of  LILY  of  the  VALLEv'.  i7o="HYACIN- 
THUS  CANDICANS,  DUTCH  BULBS.  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above 
by  AUCTION,  at  h.s  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  MONDAY  NEXT,  December  7,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  liad. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7037.) 
ROSES.  FKUir  TREES.  BULBS.  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms.  3S.  King  Street.  Covent 
Gaiden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  December  9,  at 
half.past  12  o'clock  precisely,  1300  first-class  Standard  and 
Dwarf  ROSES,  from  celebrated  growers  ;  FRUIT  TREES, 
SHRUBS,  CONIFERS,  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  and  Bedding 
PLANTS  of  sons;  Barr's  DAFFODILS, and  several  hundred 
lots  of  first-class  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7038.) 
ONCIDIUM  MAKSHALLIANUM. 
SOPHRONITES  GRANDIFLORA  and  varieties. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  AI.EXANDR.t;. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NB  XT.  Decen.ber  ro.  at  haU-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a 
grand  importation  of  ONCIDIUM  MARSHALLIANUM, 
in  large  masses  :  SOPHRONITES  GRANDIFLORA  and 
varieties  :  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.B,  E  PI  DEN- 
DRUM  BICORUNTUM,  E.  RANIFERUM,  CATTLEYA 
GASKELLIANA,COMPARETTIA  ROSEA,  ONCIDIUM 
H^M  ATOCH I LUM,  and  many  other  Orchids  of  value.  The 
whole  in  splendid  health  and  condition. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER  wiU 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street.  Covent  Gaaden, 
W.C,  01.  THURSDAY,  December  17,  and  he  will  be  glad  if 
Gentlemen  desirous  of  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale,  will  olesse 
send  pariicutars  of  same  not  later  than  THURSDAY  NEXT. 

WANTED,  TO  RENT,  within  S  miles  of 
Covent  G.irden  (South  or  West  of  London  preferred), 
a  NURSERY  of  fruin  1  to  4  Acres  of  Land,  and  a  moderate 
quantity  of  Greenhouse'. 

Addiess,  with  full  particulars,  to  N.  W  .  6,  Charles  Street, 
White  Hart  Lane.  Tottenham,  London. 

FOR  SALE,  the  Lease  (about  twenty  years). 
Stock  in  Tr.ade  of  a  genuine  NURSERY  BUSINESS  : 
2^^  acres,  large  Show  and  seven  Glasshouses,  Seed  Shop,  and 
Dwelling-house,  situated  on  the  main  road  at  Norbury  Station, 
South  Streatham,  one  of  the  best  and  most  flourishing  neigh- 
bourhoods south  of  London. 

Death  cause  of  disposal. 
J.  PARKER.  Noibuty  Nursery,  South  Streatham,  S.W. 

TO  LET,  Nobleman's  fine  walled  KITCHEN 
GARDEN,  of  2  to  3  Acres,  with  4  Vineries.  Stove- 
house,  &r..  and  Gardener's  residence.  Close  to  station  and 
c  unty  town.  .-Vbout  an  hour  from  London,  B.ighton,  and 
Portsmouth. 

Address,    OWNER,    Steel    &    Jones,   Advertising  Agents, 
Spring  Gardens,  S.W. 

Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  IvIORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  fu'l 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
IIS.  Lislria  Park.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

Garden  Arckilcct  and  Natural  Keck  Biuhlcr, 

SHAW  HE.'^TH.  STOCKPORT. 

Ferneries.  Grottos,  and  Rockwoik,  in  common  with  Landscape 

Gardening,  to  suit  any  locality. 


Silv, 


Medal  awarded  Preston  Guild,  1S82. 


Frolt  Trees,  Grape  Vines,  and  Roses. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.  olTe:-,  of  fine  quality 
and  best  v.meties.  Trained  and  Untrained  APPLES. 
APRICOTS,  CHERRIES.  DAMSONS,  NECTARINES, 
PE.\CHES.  PEARS.  PLUMS  ;  ROSES,  a  fine  collection. 
Dwarf  on  Manelti  ;  ROSES.  Half  standards  and  Standards; 
ROSE  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON,  open  ground,  very  strong,  in 
pots;  also  ROSE  NIPHETOS.  strong,  in  pots.  VINES, 
BLACK  ALICANTE,  BLACK  HAMBURGH,  GROj 
COLMAR,  and  other  line  sorts  ;  Planting  and  Forcing  Cai.fS. 
Low  prices  on  application. 

Cbpton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

JOSEPH  SPOONER,  Nurseryman,  &c., 
Goldworth,  Woking,  offers  the  following  ; —  Aucubas, 
bushy,  2  to  2J3  feet,  155.  per  dozen  ;  Variegated  Hollies, 
bushy,  2  feet,  acj.  per  dozen  ;  Green  Hollies,  i  to  2  feet,  40,?. 
per  100;  2  to  3  feel,  6.sr.  per  loo.  Thuia  Lobbi,  2^^  to  3}2 
feet,  6(/.  each  ;  Portugal  Laurels,  bushy,  iji  to  2  feet,  8r.  per 
dozen  ;  Chinese  .\rbor-vita!.  1  to  iK  foot,  22J.  p=r  103;  Ovali- 
folia  Privet,  4  to  5  feet,  loi.  per  ico  ;  Common  Privet,  4  to  5 
feet,  loj.  per  dozen  ;  Yews,  from  2  to  9  feet,  good  and  bushy, 
price  on  application.  AH  these  are  good,  and  well-rooted,  and 
good  Quick. 


CASH    PRICES.  —  SEAKALE,    very    fine 
Crowns     for      Forcing.      GRAPE      VINES.      FIGS. 
PEACHES.  &c..  in  PoU.  well  set  for  Fruit.     Excellent  Dwarf- 
trained  P2ACHES.  NECTARINES,  and  APRIOITS.  well 
ripened  and  ftbrous-rooted.     Nett  Price  LIST  on  aoplication. 
WILL  TAYLER.  Osborn  Nursery.  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

DOUBLE  TUBEROSEsTextra  fine,  7s.  per 
dozen  ;  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Roots,  41.  and 
61.  per  dozen  ;  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  German.  Crowns. 
5S.  6</.  per  ico  :  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA.  -,t.  per  dozen: 
AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  (rom  i8j.  per  dozen.  Large 
quantities  at  cheaper  rates.     Trade  price  on  application. 

MORLE  AND  CO..  I  and  2,   Fenchurch  Street,   E.C,  and 
Child's  HUl  Nursery,  Finchley  Road.  N.W. 

HERRY   TREES.— Wanted,   an   ofier  for 

One  to  Ten  Thousand  Plants.  3  to  4  years  old.     Apply, 
GUSTAV  ROBOHM,  Smlthfield  Market,   Manchester. 

SEAKALE  for  Forcing.  —  Excellent  large 
Crowns,  'los.  per  looo  ;  under  500,  \<js.  per  100.  A  quantity 
of  strong  4.year-old  Forcing  ASPARAGUS,  price  on  applica- 
tion.    Orders  to  be  accompanied  by  cheque  or  P.O.O. 

ALFRED      ATWOOD,     Grower,     51,     Shillington     Street. 
Battersea,  S.W. 


c 


NARCISSUS    POETICUS     BULBS,    I2j. 
per  bushel  (over   r3oo  to  the  bushel).     Splendid  stuff 
Cash. PHIPPEN.  Reading. 

TVIES. — About    1800  for  Sale,    principally 

J-  Irish— fewdozens  Marbled.  Gold'and  Silver,  &c.,very  strorg, 
3  to  5  feet  ;  about  400  established  in  pots,  remainder  in  ground, 
4Q5.  per  100.— A.  LARKIN,  2.  Hastings  Road,  Ealing  Dta^. 

FOR  SALE.— 100,000  BLACK  CURRANT 
BUSHES.  2  and  3  years  old  ;  best  sorts,  and  wonderfully 
strong  growth.— Apply  to  J.  SMITH  and  SON,  Market  Gar- 
dens. Sipson,  near  West  Drayton. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS— AZALEA  MOLLIS.— 
A  few  thousands  are  still  disposable  ;  very  fine  plants, 
full  of  buds,  50s.  per  100.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRANDIFLORA.  305.  per  100.  At  the  Ornamental  Plant 
Nurserie5.-JULES  DE  COCK,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


T}  H  E     COMMITTEE 

beg  to    GIVE   NOTICE   that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PAKLIAMENT  STREET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it   is   respect/uliy  requested  that  all  coin- 
uiunic^itions  may  be  addressed  there. 
By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  3,  1885. 


F 


TELEGRAPHIC        ADDRESS  — 
•■GILBERT,  STAMFORD." 

The  gem  of  the  season-Gilbert's  Late  White  BROCCOLI, 
Victoria— in  open  competition  beat  all  the  M.idels,  all  the 
Giants,  and  all  the  Queens,  besides  seven  dishes  of  Cauliflowtr. 
Awarded  a  First.class  Certificate  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  This  Broccoli  is  wi'hout  doubt  preeminently  the 
finest  in  commerce.  Not  thimblesful,  but  in  3i  oz.  packets, 
IS.  6d.  each. 

A.  F.  BARRON  MELON,  Green  flesh.  First-class  Certifi- 
cate, and  true  TELEGRAPH  CUCUMBERS,  i  dozen  seeds, 
per  packet,  is.  each. 

CHOU  DE  BURGHLEY.  a  pure  stock,  and  Universal 
SAVOY,  in  ;i  oz.  packets,  u.  each. 

Gilbert's  selected  ONION  SEED,  saved  from  all  the  best 
shaped  and  finest  Bulbs.  Magnum  Bonum,  White  Spanish,  and 
Bedfordshire  Champion.  gV.  per  packet. 

PRIMROSE  SEED,  crossed  with  Harbinger,  from  a  very 
fine  collection,  rr.  6d.  per  packet. 

Border  CARNATIONS,  all  colours,  a  very  hardy  and  good 
stock.  5^.  per  packet. 

Apply  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens.  Stamford. 

Home-grown  Vegetable  and  Field  Seeds. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to  for- 
•  ward  on  application  their  Wholesale  Special  Priced 
LIST  of  Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  of 
18S5  growth,  all  raised  from  the  best  selected  stocks,  and  harvested 
in  splendid  condition.  The  Prices  will  be  found  very  advant- 
ageous.        Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

CREST         TREES 

To  be  sold  a  great  bargain  to  clear  the  ground. 
500  CHESTNUT  TREES,  lototafeet. 
2c«3  LIMES.  6  to  12  feet. 
s™  WALNUT  TREtS,  6  to  14  eet. 
A  few  thousand  strong  MANETTI. 
No  reasonable  offer  will  be  refused. 
Apply  to  Mr.  COOPER,  Calcot  Gardens,  Reading. 

'ri  RAINED         PEACH         TREES. 

-I-         Some  of  the  best  sorts,  well  trained  and  strong. 
Apply  to  Mr.   COOPER,  Calcot  Gardens.    Reading. 

PYRAMID  APPLE  TREES.— 
Fine  grown  Trees  of  the  best  sorts,  including— Blenheim 
Orange.  Cellini,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin.  <Jolden  Reinette,  King 
of  the  Pippins.  Lord  Suflield,  Keswick  CodliD,  Warner's  King, 
Wellington,  &C. 

Apply  to  Mr.  COOPER,  Calcot  Gardens.  Reading. 

ONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 

BROCCOLI.— This  is  one  of  the  fioest  stocks  of  Late 
White  Broccoli  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See 
following  extract  : — 

From  the  Gardeners  Chronicle  and  Agricultural  Gazette, 
London  :—"  Monster  Broccoli. -A  few  days  since,  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  of  the  Coombe.  Penzance,  who  has  been  a  Broccoli 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Northern  Markets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  together 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey's  Late 
While  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  the  smelting-house  had  to 
be  called  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the  weight  of  the  plants.' 

Retail  Price,  2s.  6i.  per  ounce.  Special  quoutions  to  the 
Trade      Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  21,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 

CHRISTMAS  TREES,  ROSES,  &c.— 
SPRUCE  FIR,  fine,  bushy,  clean  grown,  i%iQi%  feet, 
several  thousands,  from  £$  to  £g  per  1000,  121.  to  20s.  per  100. 
ROSES,  ICO  A.  K.  Williams,  305.  ;  100  choice  assorted,  30s.  : 
one  dozen  White  Baroness,  6s.  ;  one  dozen  assorted  Teas,  6j.  ; 
one  dozen  Lamarque,  51.  :  one  do^en  Celine  Forestier,  $s. 
HOLLIES,  bushy,  3  to  4  feet,  i8r.  per  dozen.  BOX,  Tree. 
500,  bushy,  2  to  3  feet,  27J.  6d.  per  100  ;  500  do.,  do.,  do.,  2}^ 
to  4  feet,  35.1.  per  100;  do.  do.,  fine  single  specimens,  3J4  to 
5  feet.  THUIOPSIS  DOLOBRATA,  fine  specimens,  2  to 
4  feet,  24^.  to  36i.  per  doien.  PRIVET,  stronp,  i8j-  per  1000; 
do.  ovalifolium,  2  to  4  feet.  35J.  per  icoo.  SCOTCH  FIR. 
bushy,  extra  transplanted,  ■^%  to  6  feet,  from  12J.  per  100. 
Austrian  PINES.  Also  other  FOREST  TREES.  See  LIST. 
W.  GROVE,  Nurseryman,  Hereford. 

O    N   S    F  O   R   D        AND        SON 

offer  at  very  low  prices  : — 
LAURELS-in  four  vars. 
EUONVMU.S. 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 
FRUIT  TREFS— Maidens  to  Bcarine  Trees. 
MULBERRIES. 
CONIFER/K.-many  kinds. 

Brixton,  burrey.  and  Bromley,  Kent, 
Telegraphic  Address  :— "  MULBERRIES,  LONDON." 

BIES     DOUGLASII     GLAUCA.  —  Un- 

doubtedly  one  of  tbe  finest  introductions  of  late  years, 
being  hardier,  more  compact,  and  not  apt  to  lose  its  leader  like 
the  common  Douelasii.    2  to  3  feet,  t^s.  ;  3  to  4  feet,  iZs.  per 
dozen.    A  LIST  of  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen. 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


707 


FRUIT.  FRUIT.  FRUIT. 

SEE    NEW   CATALOGUE. 
A  PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

-t\.  —All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  91.  and  121.  per 
dozen  ;  Standards,  12J.  per  dozen  ;  Dwarf-trained, 
15J.  and  i&j.  per  dozen, 

CURRANTS.— Blaclc,  Red,  White,  12J.  per  100,  m.  and 
21.  bii.  per  dozen. 

RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,  12J.  per  100;  Northumber- 
land FUlbasket,  61.  per  100. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  151.  and  20J.  per  icc,  21.  bi.  and  31- 

STR.\W  BERRI ES.— All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
runneis,  2j.  6i/.  per  100 ;  in  2}4-inch  pots,  los.  per  100  : 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  forcing  25*.  per  100  ;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  Earlies  and  The  Captain,  2J.  per  dozen. 


ROSES.      BOSES. 


Seec 


-Nt 


Catalogue. 

The  fine  t  H.P.  varieties,  6i-  per  dozen,  405.  per  100. 
Tea-scected  and  Noisettes,  x^s.  per  dozen  ;  looi.  per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses,  ds.  per  dozen. 

Cliiibing  varieties,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c.,  6,r.  p.  doz. 
The   above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 
flower  much  batter  than    Roses  grown  in  a   good  climaie 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  ami  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 

OUTDOOR    FLOWERS  in  SPRING. 

DAISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,&c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinele  PRIMROSES,  in  variety  of 
colours:  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  9</.  per  dozen,  4s.  and  5s.  per  100.  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM,  SILENE  COMPACTA,  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOnS,  IS.  6J.  per  dozen,  Ss.  per  loo  ; 
or,  soo  asisorted  Spring-flowering  Plants  for  17J.  6ii., 

HEPATICAS.   Blue  and  Red ;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur,  3J,  bd,  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 

BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 
DELPHINIUMS.— Lovely  hardy  flowers  for  cutting 

or  garden  bloom,  named,  55.  per  dozen. 
SPLENDID    PHL0XE5.   PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 

PANSIES,  in  the  finest  varieties.  31.  id.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.— The  most  showy 

sorts,  3X  per  dozen,  21s.  per  100. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.— Good  exhibition  sorts. 

f>s.  per  dozen  plants  ;    fine   Clove  and    Border    Self 

varieties,  4J.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 
LILIES.— Candidum,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  y.  per  doz. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


c 


A    GAY    CONSERVATORY. 

UNERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,   11.  6d.  per  dozen,  from  stores, 

our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE     CARNATIONS,    DEUTZIA 

GRACILIS.— In  pots  for  early  blooming,  ds.,  91., 

and  121.  per  dozen. 
SPIR.«A  JAPONICA,  DIELVTRA  SPECTABILIS.— 

Fine  clumps,  51.  per  dozen. 
AZALEAS.— Ghent,    mollis,   pontica,  or    indica,    all   with 

buds,  for  forcing,  i8j.,  3\s.,  and  3qj.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


SEE  our  NEW  CATALOGUE  for  this 
Autumn  for  M^erate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLAN  IS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  for 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c.     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  rail. 


WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12.    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


.SPF.CL-IL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and   ROSES. 


A  large  and  select  stock  i 


f  offered  for  Sale. 


The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &     SON, 
The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


p 


""ofeed/Z^reAo^i^^ 


L ILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grown). 
—We  are  now  taking  up  in  fine  condition  the  Bulhs  of 
Lilium  auratum,  which  produced  the  magnificent  flowers  which 
we  exhibited  at  the  Great  Conservatory.  South  Kensington,  all 
through  August  and  September,  and  which  obtained  universal 
admiration.  Prices,  i^s..  z^i^.,  ano  361.  per  dozen  ;  very  larg^ 
bulbs,  5J  each;  selected  best  loims,  3.1.  6*/.,  3J.  6(1^.,  and  5^.  each. 
Our  importali.  ns  of  Indian  LILIFS,  POLYPHYLLUM, 
W.\LLICHIANUM,  NEILGHERRENSE,  are  now  on 
their  way.  For  prices,  see  our  Li:it  No.  77.  pages  15,  lO- 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 


Q.REAT  a  ALE  of  ATURSERY  QTOCK. 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON   HILL  NURSERY, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS, 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES,AND     FRUIT    TREES, 

At  Greatly  Reduced  Prices. 

The  Trade  and   Private  Buyers  will  find  this-  an  exceUent 

oppoitunity  for  Stoclcing. 


T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NUR.SERI  ES.     KINGSTON-ON-THAMES. 


NEV^   APPLES. 
SEPTEMBER   BEAUTY. 

First-class    Certificates  from    tiie    Royal  Horiicultural 
Society  and  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  1885. 

This  is  one  of  the  handsomest,  richest -flavoured,  and  most 
digestible  mid-season  dessert  Apples,  having  the  full  Ribston 
flavour,  but  precedes  that  delicious  Apple,  and  is  hardier  and 
more  fertile. 

6s.  and  7s.  6d.  eaclL 


THE  DARTMOUTH  CRAB. 


The  largest,  best,  and  mc 
of  the   handsomest    fruits 
crimson-scarlet  colour,  coa 
on  a  long  stalk.     The  fruit  r 
and  the  tree  laden  with  fiui 

This  Crab,  which  ripens  < 
ripening  point  is  equal  to  a 


,  of  all  the  Crabs,  and  one 
lion,  being  of  a  beautiful 
a  rich  bloom,  and  cairied 
in  enlarged  Victoria  Plum, 

Dt  acid,  but  if  eaten  at  the 
lummer  Apple. 


3s.  6d.  and  53.  each. 

Further  particulars  oti  application  to 

THOlffAS     LAXTON, 

D    AND    NOVELTY    GROWER,    BEDFORD. 


SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF    WELL-GROWN    STOCK. 
6,000     FRUIT     TREES,     mostly    Pyramids    and 

.Standards,      consisting     of     best    sorts, 

APPLES,      PEARS,      PLUMS,     and 

CHERRIES. 
15,000    GOOSEBERRIES,      mostly     Warrington  ; 

also  some  Red  and  Black  CURRANTS. 
60,000    ASPARAGUS  and  SEAKALE  ;    the  forcing 

Seakale  is  fine. 
10,000   LAURELS,      including     rotundiflora     and 


20,000    IVIES,  mostly  small  leaved. 
5,000    TREE  BOX. 
5,000     POPLARS,  LIMES,  THORNS,   CHE.ST- 

NUTS. 


And  Jor  Special  Quotations,  Sr'c:,  apply  to 

HARRISON    k    SONS, 

NURSERYMEN  anii  SEED  GROWERS, 
LEICESTER. 


Until  the  End  of  Decemberofthis  Year 

I  beg  to  offer. 
Packing  Free  and  Carriage  Paid  throughout  Great  Britain 


CON  1  FER>E, 

GRAFTS  and  CUTTINGS  from  AUTUMN,  1884, 

14s.  per  100, 

£6  per  1000, 

in  the  follow 

ing  sorts  : — 

CHAM/ECVPARIS  sphaero- 

RETINOSPORA  cricoid 

idea  aurea 

„     leptoclada 

CUPRESSUS        Lawsoniana 

„     pisifera  aurea 

albo-spica 

,,     plumosa 

,,     „    argentea 

M     11     argenteo  var. 

,,     ,,     argenteo  variegata 

It     .1     aurea 

,,     ,,     aureo  variegata 

TAXUS    elegantissima    % 

„     ,,     elegans  variegata 

gata 

,,     ,,     Fraseri 

THUIA  Ellwaogeriana 

,,     ,,     lutea 

,.    Vervceneana 

„     „     minnnaglauca 

THUIOPSIS  borealis  virl 

„     ,,     tsmithi 

,,     dolabrata 

A.    M.    C.    JONGKINDT    CONINCK, 

TOTTENHAM    NURSERIES, 
DEDEMSVAART.    near    ZWOLLE,     NETHERLANDS 


ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

BUSHES,  J^I.R,  ts.   per  dozen,  f>o>.  \p^,Umg ^„J  Crri^s' 

STANDARDS,  H.P.,  ,5..  per  do«D,  [  ,„,  Cash  wf if  Order. 

105s.  per  100.  ) 

CLEMATIS  (80.000).  I2S,  to  241.  per  dozen. 
ROSES,  in  Pots  (80,000).  15J.  to  36^.  per  dozen. 
FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 
VINES  (6000),  35,  (,d.  to  loi.  6d. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 
STRAWBERRIES.  41.  per  too  ;  Forcing.  15!.  to  251.  per  ico. 
ASPARAGUS.  2j.  M.  per  100  :  Foicing,  isr.  6d.  per  too. 
SEAKALE,  strong  Forcine,  i6j.  per  100. 
EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS     ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(gi  Acrees). 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  8s.  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS  UNDERWOOD,  &c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 

Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  2s.  Gd.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  sent  Po&t-fiee  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING.  &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 

OEIAIEITAL  TREES 
AND   SHRUBS. 

FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  &'c. 

Strong  anti  Well-grown. 

Priced  List  of  Reduced  Prices  Free  on  application 

walter"c.  slocock, 

GOLDWORTH    "  OLD  "   NURSERY, 

W  O  K  I  N  G, SURREY. 

FERNS^A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALCGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ir. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  ofover  1200 species  and  \ 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "  LiST  OF    Nkw,    R\rh, 

Ferns."  free. 
Descriptive  "  List  of  Hardy  North  American  ' 


W.  &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE.    MANCHESTER. 

UTBUSH'S      M  ILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 

description.         Price    6s.    per    bushel 

Us.  extra  per  bushel  tor  package),  or 

6d.  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post.  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 

1)    ages  and  printed    cultural  direction.*. 

enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached 

I  >1  ,  WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 

'     X    '     «      A*  »"l       (I-nniied),      Nurserymen    and    Seed 

^  *^       MerLhants,  Highgate  Nu 


^-^A^  .-^^' 


fRUIT  TRIES 

An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand SHRUBS 

BOSES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

y»M    Crawley,        W  Sussex. 


7o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  5,  1885. 


Seed  Fotatos. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  beg  to  announce  that 
•  their  Wholesale  Priced  LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS 
is  now  ready,  and  can  be  forwarded  at  once  on  application.  It 
comprises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cultivation,  including  several 
novelties  of  sterling  ment.  The  samples  are  very  fine  this 
season  and  entirely  free  from  disease,  and  the  prices  will  be 
found  very  reasonable 


Seed( 


wing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


SBIDE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
.  extensivs  stock  of- 

FRUIT     TREES     (Dwarf-trained)  —  Apricots,     Nectarines, 

Peaches,  Apples,  Pears,  Cherries,  S:c 
FOREST  TREES— Larch  and  Scotch  Fir.  Ash,  Hazel,  &c. 
ROSES-Siandard  and  Dwarf.  ASH— Seedling,  i-yr. 

ASPARAGUS-For  PlantinE  ;  for  Forcing. 

The  whole  being  second  to  none  in  the  Trade.    CATALOGUES 
of  General  Nursery  Stock,  with  Prices.  &c.,  on  application  to 
S.  BIDE,  Alma  Nurbery,  Famham,  Surrey. 

FECIAL  OFFER. 

Fine  samples  of 
MYATT'S      PROLIFIC    EARLY    ASHLEAF    KIDNEY 
POTATOS,  £s  SI.  per  ton.    Where  three  or  more  tons  are 
ordered.  £t^  per  ton. 
SUTTON'S     EARLY    ASHLEAF   KIDNEY    POTATOS, 
If,  6s  per  ton.     Nett  cash.     Free  on  rail  here. 
W.    W.  JOHNSON   AND  SON,    Seed  PoUto  Growers  and 
Merchants,  Boston,  Lincolnshire. 

PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbouica, 
Coiypha  australis,  PhceVix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  is  inches  high,  4S.  per  dozen,  351.  per  103  ; 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  12s.  per  dozen,  less  quantity 
IX.  3'Z.  each. 

FisRNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  Lomaria  Gibba, 
Adi-ntum     cuneatum    (Maidenhair),    Pteris    tremula,    Pteris 
serrulaU,  Pteris  serrulau  crisUta,  Pteris  cretica  albo  lineata, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  201.  per  icx3,  31.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true),  61.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge.  Sumford  Hill,  London,  N. 


PINUS  ARISTATA.— "A  correspondent 
who  has  tried  the  nursery  trade  in  vain  "  for  the  above 
Pine,  may  surely  find  it  in  many  niuseries,  but  nowhere  so 
cheap  and  so  good  as  with 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen,  who  can  give  fine 
healthy  plants,  6  to  9  inchei.  at  is.  ;  9  to  12  inches,  at  11.  (tj.  ; 
and  3  to  4  feet ,  at  71.  6</.  each. 

A  LIST  of  all  hardy  Pines  sent  free  on  application. 

OPECIAL     CHEAP     OFFER.  —  PINES, 

0  Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet :  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Sc  .ich,  12  to  24  inches  ;  EL.\I,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  : 
ASH,  Common.  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
I'A  to  2  feet.  2  to  3  feet,  7  10  8  feel,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT, i  to  »  le=t  :  HORNBEAM,  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  8  feet.  Slog  feet  ;  MAPLE.  4  to  10  feet  :  OAK.  English, 
from  I  to  10  feet ;  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  feet,  8  10  10 
feet,  10  to  I!  leet  :  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  feet,  10  to  12 
feel  ;  PRIVET.  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  leet,  good  ; 
PRIVET,  Oval-leal.  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  file  ;  QUICK, 
THORN,  4,  5,  and  6.yr.,  fine  ;  SYCAMORES.  3  to  4  leet.  4  10 
5  feet,  7  to  8  feet,  8  to  9  feet  ;  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet  ; 
BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIA.  BOX,  CUPRESSUS.  vari- 
ous: ELDERS.  Gold:  CURRANTS,  flowering  ;  HOLLIES, 
in  ereat  variety  :  IVIES,  in  sorts;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  ;  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
faundrej  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sizes  —  beautiful  sluff; 
REriNOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c.,  apply  to 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stoke-on-Trent. 

BEACHEY'S  SWEET  VIOLETS.— Finest 
collection  in  England,  specially  prepared  for  Autumn  and 
Winter  Blooming.  Comte  Bra2za's  New  Double  White  Nea- 
politan. 61.  per  dozen  plants,  tar.  per  dozen  clumps  ;  De  Parme, 
finest  Double  Lilac  :  New  York,  beautiful  Double  Violet  with  red 
«ye  ;  Belle  de  Chalenay.  Double  Red  Russian,  Marie  Louise, 
Queen,  Tree,  all  finest  Doubles,  31.  6d.  per  dozen  plants,  js.  td. 
per  dozen  clumps. 

Descriptive  LIST  of  ihirty  varieties  of  the  best  and  sweetest 
DOUBLE  and  SINGLE  VIOLETS,  with  full  direciioi.s  for 
Cultivation,    also     RoSES,    CARNATIONS,   and    PRIM- 
ROSES, i%d-,  tree. 
Mr.  R.  W.  BEACHEV.    Finder,  Kingikerswell.  Devonshire. 

FRANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  offer,  in 
splendid  stufi" and  at  low  prices,  the  following:— PLANES. 

1  (  to  12  feel,  straight  stems  and  good  heads  :  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  1  to  4  feet,  bushy  :  Oval-leaf  PRIVET, 
4  to  5  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  ; 
SWiiEr  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  10  4  feet:  Double  GORSE,  in 
pots,  2  feet,  bushy  :  BERBERIS  DAR Wl Nil,  in  pots,  2  to  3 
feet,  bushy;  LILACS,  5  to  6  feet  :  RIBES,  4  feet. 

Sheen  Nurseries.  Richmond.  Surrey. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  -hade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine,  from  I2r.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  no-v  be  knocke.l 
out  of  pols  and  sent  by  parcel  post— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO..  Nur.serymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

P^U  R  P  L  E  C  A  T  A  L  P  A. 
Now  offered  for  the  first  time. 

Raiser's  Description.-  The  purple-leaved  Catalpa  is 
constant  in  this  ;— The  iree  grows  constantly  from  early  Spring 
10  October  frosts.  There  are  four  pairs  of  the  young  leaves 
(terminal),  are  alwiys  an  intensely  meullic  purple.  The  older 
leaves  are  from  black-purple  to  deep  green.  The  original  tree 
is  about  18  feet  high  :  every  branch  has  a  terminal  crown  of 
dark  purple  leaves  all  the  time  from  April  to  October.  The 
mature  leaves  are  10  to  18  inches  diameter  either  way.  Small 
Pla.its.  1  to  1  feet  high,  loi.  6i.  ■  larger,  2  to  3  feet,  li  ij. 

H.  WaTERER,  Importer  and  Exporter  of  Plants  and  Bulbs, 
56  N.,  3Sth  Street,  Philadelphia,  U.S.A. 


FRUIT  TREE  S.- Horizontal-trained 
PEARS-Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Marie  Louise,  Marie 
Louise  d'Uccle,  Bergamotte  d'Esperen,  Louise  Bonne.  &c., 
fine,  with  four  to  five  tiers.  Also  Standard  and  Pyramid 
PEARS  SianHard  PLUMS  and  DAMSONS.  Pyramid 
APPLt.S  and  PLUMS,  Dwaif-trained  PEAKS,  PLUMS, 
can    be    supplied    in   large 


CHttRRIES 


qum 


-lin< 


H.  LANE  . 


The  above 
well-grown  trees. 
ND  SON,  The  Nu 


I  Berkamsted,  Herts. 


Thr  O'd-L'slalilisherl  Seed  iV  Nursery  Business.  E 

F.^  A.  Dickson  ^Sons,| 

106,  Eastgate  Street,  I 

Tlie   "  Upton  "    Nurseries,     I 

^     Chester.     ^ 

>•• ."The  Queen's  Seedsmen. "•••••••••••| 

.X.^.^y,  ^-u^^— 200  (2.i.-<j>^. 

Sa.,cUX.     ^^^A-JL.':, 50     ULc^nJL^ j 

3  ^11   Jiegularly   9^rancplanted.  » 


!     'W-T-ct.tc'a-   ci~.*<~cL    C)o^<a_i;   C^tx,^.  | 

;  }^ctunates   givsn. 


FOREST      TREES, 

FRUIT     TREES, 

PARK       TREES, 

SHRUBS,    ROSES,    «&c. 

One  of  the  LARGEST  and  BEST-GROWN 
Stocks  in  THE  KINGDOM.  Price  List  and  full 
particulars  FREE  on  application. 

Special  cheap  quotatiom  to  large  buyers. 


THOMAS  KENNEDY  &  CO., 

BEED   and   NURSERY    ESTABLISHMENT, 

106  and  108,    HIGH    STREET, 

DUMFRIES,    N.B. 


Broad  Beans. 

HAND    F.   SHARPE   have   to   offer   fine 
.     samples  of  WINDSOR  and  LONG-POD  BEANS, 
and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  samples  and  prices  on  application 
Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wi,bech. 


I?OR  SALE,  CHEAP,  Specimens  (very  fine), 
SsTEPHANOTIS.  AI.LAMAND.-VS  'NOBTLIS," 
GRANDIFLORA,  and  HENDERSONI:  BOUOAIN- 
VILLEAS,  CLERODENDRONS,  EUCHARIS,  &c— For 
size  and  piice  apply,  W,  JACKSON,  Blakedowo,  Kidderminster. 


Autumn  and  Winter  Flowering  and 
Decorative  Plants. 

HUGH    LOW  &   CO. 


AZALEA  INDICA.  white  varieties,  sis.,  24J.,  30s.,  doz.:  AZA- 
LEA INDICA,  coloured  varieties, i8j  .Z45.,30j.,  6ox.,  doz  ;  AZA- 
LEA Fielder's  While,  iSj.,  241..  doz.:  ACACIAARMATA.  j%s., 
lis.,  doz.;  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  421.  doz.  ;  CAMEL- 
LIAS, in  bud.  30i.,  60s.,  doz  ;  CARNATION.  Tree,  181.  J4J., 
doz.  ;  CHOISYA  TERNATA,  spring  flowering  White  Haw- 
thorn, scented,  91.,  12s.,  doz.  ;  CLEMATIS,  in  variety,  us, 
181..  doz  I  CORVPHA  AUSTRALIS,  izr,.  i8j.,  doz.  :  CRO- 
TONS.  i8j..  24t..doz  :  DRAC/ENA  CONGESFA,  181.  doz.: 
DRAC.BNA  RUBRA,  i8j.  per  dozen:  DRAC/ENA  INDI- 
VISA.  24s.  doz.;  DRAC.tNA.  in  variety,  i8t ,  30s,  doz  • 
ERICA  GRACILIS,  11s.,  i8s.,  doz.  :  ERICA  CAFFRA,  sis. 
do'.  ;  ERICA  HYEMALIS.  sis.,  i8r..  241.  doz.;  ERICA 
MELANTHERA,  12J.,  i8s.,  30s.,  doz  ;  ERICAS,  in  variety, 
12J.,  i8r..  doz.  :  ERICAS,  bard-wooded,  sis.,  18s  ,  42s..  6oj,, 
doz  ;  EPACRIS,  9!.,  11!..  i8s..  doz.  :  FICUS  ELASTICUS, 
30J.  doz  ;  FERNS,  in  variety,  in  48's.  or.  doz.  ;  GENISTAS, 
121..  iSs  ,  doz.;  GARDENIA  RADICANS,  121.,  i^r ,  doz.  ■ 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA,  grand,  18s.,  301,  421.  6oj  , 
doz.  ;  GLAZIOVIA  INSIGNIS.  i2r.,  i8i  ,  doz.  ;  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  fifty  varieties,  12J  ,  241.,  doz.:  GRE- 
VILLEA  RObUSTA,  gs  ,  12s,  181..  doz.;  JASMINUM 
GRAND!  FLORUM.  well  budded,  deliciously  Iragrant,  sis 
lis.,  doz.  ;  JASMINUM  GRACILLIMUM.  extra  fide.  i8j  ! 
3CI  ,  eoi.,  doz.  ;  LATANIA  BORBO  MICA,  fine  stout  plants, 
2,j  ,  30J..  doz.  ;  KENTIAS,  in  variety,  3«.,  411..  doz.;  LAU- 
RUSTINUS,  French,  white,  in  bud.  xSs.,  30s.  6oj..  doz.: 
PALMS,  in  vali.ty.  in  small  pots.  6a!.  per  100:  PHCENIX 
RECLINATA,  301.  doz.  ;  RHODODENDRONS,  Princess 
Roval.  &c.,  i&i.,3oi.,  6oi  ,  751.,  841..  d"z.;  PTYCHOSPERMA 
ALEXANDK/E.  i8s  doz.;  SEAFORTHIA  ELEGANS, 
iSj  ,  30J  ,  doz.  ;  SOLANUMS  in  berry,  gt.,  121.,  1S5.,  doz. 

ORCHIDS  A   SPECIALTY. 

The  stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that, 
without  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent.     Inspection  invited. 

Three  span-roofed  houses  of  PHAL.^^,NOPSI  S  in  variety. 

The  GUss  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  super,  feet. 
Clapton  Nursery',  London,  E. 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS 

Suitable  for  Planting  in  the  Open  Border,  or 
Potting  at  once  for  Early  Flmuering :— 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  Seeding?  frcm'sonie  of  the  best  varieties, 
distinct,    light   and   dark    coluurs,    each    colour  kept 
separate,  nice   plant',  wiih  five   to  eight  buds.  6i.  per 
do«n,  355.  per  100 ;  larger  bu.hes.  with  ten  to  fifteen 
buds,  9J    per  dozen,  555.  per  100.  £^-2\  per  1000. 
„     PONTICA.  bushy  plants,  i  to  i"^  loot,  well  budded.  4J. 

to  6f.  per  dozen  ;  larger,  qj.,  121.,  185,  per  dozen* 
„     DAVIESI,    beautiful    trusses    of    white,    sweet-scenlfd 
flowers,    best    of    all    for    forcing,    fine    plants,    «eU 
budded,  24!.  to  yi,  per  dozen. 
„     AVALANCHE,  pure  while,  sweet-scented  11  .wers,  very 
compact  and  bushy  habit,  good  plants,  well  budded, 
2J.  td.  each.  24J.  per  dozen. 
RHODODENDRONS.    Hybrid   Seedlings,  various    colours, 
bushy  plants,  i  to   \%  foot    high,  covered  with  buds, 
15J.  per  dozen. 
LILIUM   AURAIUM  (home-grown),  from  seed  of  our  own 
saving,  good  fljwering  bulbs,  91.  to  i2,r.  per  dozen. 

Rhododendrons  for  Planting  Out. 

HYBRID  SEEDLINGS,  ihe  very  best  strains,  light  and  da-k 
colours,  I  foot  high,  bushy  plants,  4CJ.  per  100;  iJ4  loot 
high,  8J.  per  doien,  5&1.  per  100.  Also  an  imm-nse 
stock  of  larger  sizes  from  2  to  4  feet  high,  ui  ,  lEr  . 
241  per  dozen  ;  extra  large  bushes,  301.  to  40J.  per 
dozen.     Ten  in  each  dozen  plants  well  set  with  buds. 

CHOICE  NAMED  KINDS,  i^  to  3  feet  high,  budded,  305.. 
401^.,  50J. .  601,  per  dozen. 
Deficriptive  PRIlED  LIST  of  the  above,  and  also  of  General 

Nursery  Stock  (which  is  iu  fine  condition  this  season,  and  offered 

at  very  moderate  prices),  forwarded  on  application. 


ISAAC    S&VIES    &    SON, 

NURSERYMEN.    OR.MSKIRK.    LANCASHIRE. 
To  the  Trade  and  Others. 

SPECIAL  OFFER.— The  Favourite 
Crutlenden  Cluster  DAMSON  TREES,  also  BLAl.  K 
CURRANT  TREES,  Baldwin's  BUck  and  Green  Bod.  The 
trees  are  strong  and  welUrooted,  and  warranted  true  to  name. 
Carnage  fiee  to  anv  station  in  England. — Sample  and  once  on 
aopllcai.on  to  A.  UNDERDOWN  and  CO.,  The  Vineries, 
Paddock  Wood.  Kent. 


Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons 


NOW   OFFER 


NEW    MINIATURE    ROSE,      "ROSE    BUTTON." 

THIS  is  a  most  attractive  addition  to  our  list  of  Miniature  Roses,  among  which  it  takes  the 
first  rank.  It  is  a  double-flowered  form  of  Rosa  litcida.  an  American  species  well  distinguished  by  its  bright 
shining  foli.ige  and  neat  compact  habit.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  terminal  clusters  of  7  to  lo  ;  the  central  flower 
is  the  largest  and  expands  first,  and  being  surrounded  with  buds  forms  a  most  beautiful  object.  The  flowers  are  rose 
colour,  with  a  deeper  centre,  and  are  delightfully  fragrant.  A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to  ibis  Rose  by 
Ihe  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  July  22,  1884. 

■|  A  very  pretty  double  Balsam-flowered  variety  that  will  be  valuable  for  border  cultivation."— C^r,/^n/rj'  Climiii  le. 

"  A  most  charming  little  Rose,  quite  distinct  from  any  other,  being  a  double. flowered  variety  of  a  species  seldom  seen  in 
gardens.      It  is  extremely  florilerous."— 7".«f  Garden. 

"A  charming  little  Rose,  producing  its  flowers  freely  in  good  clusters,  perfectly  double,  and  in  form  very  similar  to  a  first-class 
Balsam.      It  will  be  found  one  of  the  mo^t  valuable  of  the  smill-flowered  Roses  for  supplying  cut  iitw^TS."~Cardefters'  AftJ^asine 

••  This  IS  a  most  chaiming  little  double  Rose,  the  flowers  being  in  bunches."— 7i>.,ma/  of  HorticMUure. 

Plants,  58.  each,  483.  per  dozen.      The  usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 
ROVAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,    544,    KING'S   ROAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,   S.W. 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


709 


E 


ARLY      PEAS      FOR     SEED. 

PRIZETAKER?, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST. 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 

All  harvested  without  rain. 

Price  lew.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upwards.     Apply, 

C.  RANDELL,  Chadbiiry.  near  Evesham. 

ROSES.—  ROSES.  —  ROSES.— 
Twenty-four  bushy   H.P.'s  and  twenty  Teas,   splendid 
plants  and  choice  vats.,  for  211.,  cash. 

EDWIN    HILLIER.  Winchester. 

CROUX    ET    FILS,  Nurserymen,    ValMe 
d'AuInay,  a  Chatenay.  Seine.— 10  Htclares. 
GREAT  SPECIALTY— FRUIT  TREES,  carefully  trained, 
very  strong,  in  full  bearing. 

{1867,  Prix  d'Honneur,  et  Objet  d'Art, 
1878,  Two  Grands  Prix,   Cioix  de  la 
Legion  d'Honneur. 
CATALOGUES  on  application.  _ 

E        W  P        E        A        R, 

"  BACKHOUSES    BEURRfi  • 

Figured  in  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  November  3,  1883. 

This    is  a  hybrid  between  the  Jargonelle  and  Beurie  Diel, 

with  the  form  and  size  of  the  latter,  but  with  the  melting  sweet 

juiciness  of  the  Jargonelle.    In  season  it  is  also  between  the  two, 

and  bears  well  as  a  Standard  in  Yorkshire.     From  its  large  S'ze, 

exctllent  quality,  great  productiveness  and  hardiness,  we  have 

confidence  in  lecommending  it  for  geneial  cultivation,  alike  for 

choicest  collections  where  Pears  are  grown  for  dessert  or  exhi- 

b'tion.  and  for  gardens  where  a  profitable  market  return  is  all- 

impoitant.     Strone  trees  now  ready  for  delivery — 

Maiden  Plants,  3J.  td.  each. 

Standards  or  Dwarfs,  55.  each. 

Dwarfs  trained  for  walls  or  espiliers,  ji.  6/.  each. 

General  CATALOGUE  of  Fruit  Trees  sent  on  application. 

Also  of  Roses,  Forest  and  Ornamental  Trees,  &c. 

JAMES  BACKHOUSE  and  SONS.  York  Nurseries. 


O     F 


F    E     R. 

io  varieties. 


SP     E     C     I    A 
GOOSEBERRIES,  20 
CURRANTS,  various,  to.oco  i-yr.  cuttings. 
CURRANT  BUSHES,  various,  10.000,  3-yr. 
ASPARAGUS.  20.000,  lyr. 
tOTOS EASTER  SIMONSI,  5000,  2-yr. 
YEWS,  tnglish,  t  to  2  feet,  20to. 
FILBERTS  and  NURS,  various,  2000. 
NUr  and  FILBERT  Layers,  500.. 

CHI'  RRY  PLUM  (Prunus  myrobalana),  for  fencing,  50,000. 
lOJ  WALNUTS,  Standards. 

The  whole  of  the  above  is  offered  at  very  low  Trade  prices. 
The   KOYAL  NORFOLK   NURSERIES  (late  twings), 
Eaton,  near  Norwich. 

MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapeAt  ever  offered.  Quality  giiaran- 
teed.  41.  fni.  per  bushel  (i6caWes),  64.  per  bushel  package  ; 
2  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  is.  yi.     Trade  supphed 

MORLEandCO.,  Manufacturers.  Child's  HUl  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  2,  Feiichurch  Street,  London,  E.G. 


LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDE,  Improved. 
—  Soluble  in  water.  The  cheapest,  safe-t,  and  most 
efTeciual  In>ett-cide  exiant.  Harmless  to  flowers  and  foliage. 
In.iant  death  to  Mealy  Bug.  Seal,-,  Th.ios.  Red  Spider,  Green 
i.d    Black   Fly,   Amencan    Bright,   Milde 


Wi, 


ailed.      See 


ith  te; 


behilf.  Sold  by  most 
and  Gaiden  Manure 
;  quart.  2J.  gi.  ;  half 
for  use  with  each  t'n. 

ale, J.  W.' COOK E,  Market  Place  Winslord,  Cheshire ; 

rs.  OSMAN  AND  CO.    15  Windsor  Street.  Blshopgate, 

E.C  :  and  CORRY,  SUPER,  FOWLER  and  CO., 

ary  Street,  E.C. 


from  many  of  the  leaoing  gaideners 
of  the   leading   Nurserymen,  Seed; 


iS    Fii 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post  12  Stamps. 
1/lBKOUS     PEAT    for    ORCHIDS,    &c.— 

1  I'.ROWN    FIBROUS   PEAT,   best   quality  lor  Orchids, 

iiove  P,ants.&r.,  [,(,  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI  RRI  lU:i  PEAT, 
.>r  Rh..d.«lendroiis,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  B,d<,  15J. 
ter  to'i  prr  Truck,  Sample  Hag,  5.1.  ;  5  Baes.  2tj  6<^  ;  10  Bags, 
m.  Bag.  included.  Fre.sh  SPHAGNUM,  lor.  M.  per  Bag  , 
SIl  VtR  SAND  C  .arse  or  Fine.  52J  per  Truck  ot  4  Tons. 
WALKEU  and   CO..  Faruborough    Station,  Hams, 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  roo  for  251  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
ios.  ;  4.bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  is.  td.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  40'.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  s  sacks  liS.  ;  sacks, 
i,d.  each 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  grf.  per  bushel ;  sy.  per  half 
ton.  iks   per  ton  in  2-busheI  bass,  t^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ir  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Ss.  bd  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O  SMYTH.  2t,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  Oately  called  17A.  Coal  Yard).  W  C. 


pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE    REFUSE:    newly 

V^  made.  The  same  as  supplied  to  the  Horticultural 
Society.— Truck-load  of  2  tons,  2.r  ;  twenty  sacks  of  same, 
t4J.  :  forty,  255.,  sacks  included.  All  Free  on  to  Rail.  Cashwith 
O'ders.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO..  Cocoa  nut  Fibre  Merchants, 
■' Greyhoun^^,Vard,■■  and  15.,,  Hieh  Stieet,  Battersea,  S.W. 

rlri       I  ntt     UIL        (Somwe  m  water) 

Effecui illy  clears  all  Insecta  and  Parasites  ftom  the  Roots 
or  Foliaee  of  Trees  and  Plants.  Kills  all  Vegetabl;  Grubs, 
Turnip  Fly,  &c.  Cures  Mildew  and  Blieht.  Clears  Grapes 
from  Mealy  Bug,  &c.,  and  makes  a  good  Winter  Dressing.  Of 
all  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  is.  M  ,  is.  6rf.,and  41.  b1.  a  bottle, 
per  post  jrf  extra.  Per  gallon,  12s  6i  ,or  lessin  latgerquamities. 

Pamphlil,  "  Fir  Tree  Oil"  and  its  afplication,  sent  free  to 
any  aiidress,  by  tng  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale  from  Hooi-er  &  Co   ;   CoRRV.    Soper,  Fowler 
&    Co.  :    C.    E     OsMAN    &    Co  ,    and    all 
MerchanU  and  Wholesale  Patent  M. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

_  Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market,    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAl'.  best  brown  fibrous  ..  4s.  bd.  per  sacle  :  s  sacks  for  20J. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous  ..^s.bd.  „  5  sacks  lor  1 55. 
PEAT,  exua  selected  Oichid    is.  bd.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     1 

Eif  ri.f  Ju\"D?£L't''o^lT'^''     -  »='  "-»■■  -^  -'"^'<')- 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  31/.  per  bush.,  izs.half  ton,  22!.lon. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only u.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     S-/.  Ih.,  28  lb.  tSi. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (StiScialiiO    8a'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack.       5J.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM    MOSS,  all  selected,  2J.  per  bush. .6i.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ir.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  \-]s.  : 
30  sacks,  25j;  40  sacks,  30$.  1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25r.  Limited  quantities  ot  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2i.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


GENUINE  GARDEN   REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-iNUr  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4-bushtl  Bags, 
IJ.  each  :  30  for  i^s. — bags  included  ;  2tonTiuck,  Iree  on  Rail, 
25t.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  st.  per 
Sack  :  5  (or  221.  bd.  :  10  for  35s.  ;  jo  for  60J.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4»  6<l  per  Sack;  5  for  20»  :  10  for  301. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  ij.  6rf.  per  Bu-hel;  141  per 
!^Ton;  23s.  perTon.  SPECIALITfi  I  OBACCO  PAPER, 
ica'.  per  in  ;  jSlb..  2a.;  cwt  ,  70s.  FINEST  TfiBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  o-r  Ih  ;  28  1b.  for  181.  LEAK-MOULD,  51. 
per  S,ck.  PEAT  MOULD  41.  per  Sack.  VELLOiV 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  v.  per  S  ck.  CHARCOAL.  2j.  6d  p-r 
Bushel:  Sacks,  4rf  eaci.  BoNES,  GU  AND,  SPHAGNUM, 
S;c.      LIST  Free       Spec  al  Price,  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO .  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

bouihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 


Peat -Peat -Peat 

FOR  RhocJodendrons  and  common  purposes. 
For  Stove   and  Greenhonse  Planf,  Heaths,  Ferns,  &c. 
For  Orchids  (specially  selected  fibrous),  in  sacks  or  barrels. 

Fresh    SPHAGNUM,     very    superior     LEAF    MOULD, 
LOAM,  Fine  and  Coarse  SILVER  SAND. 

Trade  liberally  deaU  with.     Prices  on  application  to 
GATERELL  and  SON,  Wholesale  Peat  Merchants,  Ring- 
wood,  Hants. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  ag.iinst  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  lor  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.      Boxes,  IS.,  3s.,  and  los.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
w«t     ground.       Boxes,    td.    and    is. ,    from  the    I'rade. 
Wholesale  frum    PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANy 

(Limited).  London. 

HO RTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERV.     Cata- 
logue  Fiee  per  post,  of  eveiy  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

PURE     WOOD     CHARCOAL 


TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 
most   elTective,   14  lb.  for  gs.  ;    28  lb.,   i8s.  :    cwt.,  70J. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade. 
DENYN,  Manulacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton,  E. 

Rtissla  Mat  and  Raffla  Merchants. 

MATS    and   RAFFIA  FIBRE   supplied  at 
lower  orices  than  any  ether  house    1  he  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplifd       For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Impoiters, 

MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER,   7,  8,    and  9,  James  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W  C. 

USSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE,— 

Before    Buying,    write    for   JAS.    T.   ANDERSON'S 
Catalogue,  which  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address-"  JATEA.  LONDON." 

STON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 

Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:- 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  g  in.,  at  21.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  2S.  2d.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  3s-  2d.     Ap;>ly  to 

Miss  MOLlCjUE.  Asion  (.Imlon.  Tring.  Bucks. 

Russian  Mats. 

J     BLACKBURN   and  SONS  are  ofifering 
•     ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  lor  several 
Also  PEIEKSBURG  MATS  and 
smples  on  application. 
BOO   Street.  Loi  don,  E,C. 


yens  lor  present  orders. 
MAl'BAGi.     Price  and! 


Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


1  he  Gardeners'  Magazine  says  :- 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit.** 
Samples  and  Piice  Lists  free. 
I    CMITH.  The  koval  I.ahel   Factory,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

/   1  AKUEN    khf^UiblTES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

VJ      Virgin    Cork.     Raffia    Mais,     Bamboo     CUnes,     Rustic 

Work,    Manuies,  &c       Cheapest  pric -s  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


DARLINGTON 
DRESS 


Established^ 


OUR   CR033-WARP   SERGES,    from  ll;,V.  to  Is.  \\\id. 

per   y.irj.   are    prai.ticallv  untearable  either  way  ot   ihe 

cluih,  ..lid  are  wairamed  10  wear  and  aUays  look  well  ; 

OUR   GOLD   MEDAL  CASHMERES,   from  Is.  11/.  to  3r. 

p.r  yaid  \ 
MEBINOES,  Irom  2i.  to  3s   6rf   per  yard  ; 
OTTOMANS,  fiom  It.  to  3.-.  per  yard  ; 
COSTUME  CLOTHS,  fiom  2<.  to  4i.  per  jard; 
CORDS,  from  6 v.  to  Is.  6  /.  per  yard 

All  ihe  above  are  PLAI  N  and  COLOURED. 

Ladies  are  invited  to  send  for  Patterns  fiom  any  part  of  the 

World,  when  they  will  immediately  receive  a  complete  set  wiih 

Illustrated  Cucular,  PosT-KKEE.    Puichases  of.£i  car.iage  paid 

United  Kingdom. 

HENRY    PEASE    AND 


Spinners  and  Manufacturers, 


GOLD    MEDAL 
FABRICS.       r.5. 


OUR  OCEAK.    CAKVAS.    and    BASKET    CLOTHS,    Plain 

and   Figured,  at  lOJ;.^.  per  yard; 
NUNS'  VEILINGS.  Plain  and  Figured,  from  6%d.  to  Wid . 

SOLEILS,  Plain  and  Figured,    rom  Is.  4//.  to  3s.  per  yard. 

The  LARGEST  and  CHOICEST  Stock  (to  select  from)  in 
Fngland  of  'fona  fide  home  manufactuied  goods,  held  by  iha 
acuial  Manufactuieis. 

ANY  QUANTITY  CUT,  at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

OUR  MANUFACTURES  have  had  133  yea's'  REPUTA- 
TION have  GAiNEo  Six  Ppizk  Medals,  and  are  made  from 
Ihe  SAME  YARN  as  goods  supplied  to  H  R.H.  the 
PRINCESS  of  WALES.  They  are  the  best  made.  1005 
people  are  engaged  in  their  production,  from  the  sheep's 
back  to  that  of  the  wearer. 

COMPANY'S  SUCCESSORS, 

The  Mills,  DARLINGTON, 


yio 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


LDecember  5,  i8 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,  SLEAFORD, 

SPECIALTIES    FOR    1885-6. 


SHARPE'S    SIR    F.    A.    MILBANK    PEA. 


xcellei 


1  Blue  Wrinkled  Mai 


early  :  for  Market 


This,  the  latest  of  Mr.  Culverwell's  many 

much  of  the  Paraeon  type  in  habit  and  growth,  bu.  ^^ „ „ 

dTkgVassgfeen  colour,  and  even   more   prohfic  th.-,n    that   celebrated    variety;  <1>«   P/'' 
produced  in  abundance,  are  laree,  square   and  closely  filled  wuh  the  extra  large  dark  green  Peas, 
so  closely  packed  that  it  would  appear  when  opened  as  if  the  pods  could  scarcely  have  . 
them.     The  flavour  is  all  that  could  be  desired  by  the  most  fastidious  connoisseur,  and 
respect  it  is  a  variety  that  we  can  with  the  greatest  confidence  recommend 
or  tible  purposes.     It  is  robust  and  hardy  in  coostitutioo,  and  may  be  so 
Garden  purposes  it  cannot  (ail  to  prove  a  great  acquisition. 

Price  zs.  per  Quarter  Pint  sealed  packet. 
SHARPE'S    TRIUMPH    PEA. 

Tiiumoh  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  many  fine  varieties  Mr.  Culverwell  has  given  to  the 
Tiubiic  It  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  Pea  of  exquisite  flavour  ;  the  pods  are  large,  very  much 
curved  and  are  well  filled  with  large  Peas  clostly  packed  in  the  pod.  The  habit  is  good,  being 
dense  and  bushy,  attaining  a  height  of  2  to  3  feet.  The  pli 
ground  to  the  extreme  top  of  the  hauli 


clu 


unted,  containing  fro 


■  of  I 


rthr< 


,_  covered  with  pods  fr 

than  sixty.nine  oods  have  been 

Peas  in  a'pod.     The  pods  are  of  a  bright  green,  in 

and  are  not  easily  .^fTected  by  drought,  remaining  green  lor  a  long  time. 

ust'  and    haidy  ;    and.   without  hesitation,   we  can    say  that    it 

her  the  Market  Garde  '      " 


1  of   Peas  for  either  the  Market  Gardener  or  the  Private  Grower— for  exhibn 

Drdinary  use,  p^^^^  ,j_  p^^  Half-pint  sealed  packet. 


SHARPE'S  EARLY  PARAGON  PEA. 

FIRST  CL4S3    CERTIFIC,\TE.    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY,    1884 
Chis*ick  Report.   .8S4,  accomiaoied  with   First  class  Certificate  :--''PARAGON-A  very 
fme  Second  Early  Variety,  and  o(  good  q  lality.     Pods  large,  and  well  filled. 

Price  IS.  per  Pint  Packet,  is.  per  Half-pint  Packet. 
P\RAGO^J.  one  of  Mr.  Culverwell's 'recent  introductions,  shows  in  many  respects  a  great 
i-norovem-n? upon  any  varisiy  at  p  esent  in  .he  trade.  It  is  a  Blue  Wrmkled  Marrow  of  fine 
flavour  •  h-ight  from  4  to  5  fe-:t.  The  pods  are  produced  two  and  three  together  in  such  abundance 
as  to  almost  concial  the  fjiisgi.  They  are  of  an  unusual  size,  broad  and  thick- backed,  contammg 
tioni  twelve  to  fourteen  large  Peas. 

PARAGO"*  i-  the  en  lieu  of  ih^  Urge  Wrinkhd  Marrows,  being  ready  before  Priz-.taker  :  in 
fact  i  I  ih-  G.ir,-'eDsa-  l'ni..ii=  fVrrow  it  wa,  gathered  at  the  same  time  as  William  the  Fust  ;  it  is 
Very  hardy  .^nd  will  M  nd  ea-  ier  s  .wing  than  any  Pea  ot  its  class^  It  is  most  valuable  (or 
s  iccessionriopsasitisnotliab:;  to  ni  Idtw,  and  a  constant  supply  of  Peas  for  four  months  can  be 
o  ,ained  f.om  this  one  variety. 

SHARPE'3    WHCrE    PROLIFIC    MARROW. 

I'rice  2S.  per  Quart, 

A  magnificent  White  Wrinkled  Marro-'  height  =  to  sj^  feet  ;  pods  in  pairs,  long,  straight, 
?nl  well  filled  flavour  excellent.  As  a  Second  Early  Wrinkled  Pea  there  is  nothing  to  equal  this, 
either  for  quality  cr  pioduciivents  .  Ii  is  a  few  days  later;than  the  P.ioce  ot  Wall 
heavier  cropper  than  that  1 


,ely,  and  for  Market  Garden  purposes  very  far  superior  to  it. 


THE    EARLIEST    OF    ALL    P0TAT03. 
SHARPE'S    VICTOR. 

Sharpe's  Victor  is  a  seedling  raised  from  the  Alma  Kidney  and  the  old  early  short-tcp  round 
Potato.  It  is  earlier  than  any  present  variety,  and  having  a  very  short  top.  it  is  especially  suitable 
for  frame  cultivation  :  its  precocity  is  such  that  it  can  be  had  fit  for  the  table  in  eight  weeks  from 
the  time  of  planting,  and  there  is  no  ditficulty  in  securing  new  Potatos  for  the  table  every  day  in 
the  year.  Victor  is  a  flattened  roundish  oval  in  shape,  with  a  beautiful  clear  skin,  and  extremely 
shallow  eyes,  being  one  of  the  handsomest  as  well  as  the  heaviest  croppers  o  f  any  variety  adapted 
for  Frame  work,  01  for  a  first  early  crop  outdoors.  It  is  dry  and  mealy  when  cooked,  and  the  flavour 
and  the  quality  of  the  flesh  are  superior  to  nearly  every  other  variety  at  present  in  use.  Another 
season's  trial  has  fully  confirmed  all  that  has  been  said  in  favour  of  the  Victor  P-itato.  It  is  proved 
to  be  th»  earliest,  most  prolific,  and  best  flavoured  of  all  the  early  Potatos  ;  and  for  Pot  Culture 
it  is  unrivalled. 

VICTOR.— Ch  4RLES  Sh  tBFE  &  Co.  have  now  a  fine  stock  of  sprouted  Sels  fit  for  immediate 
Planting  in  Pots  or  Frames— for  use  end  of  December  and  January.     Early  orders  solicited. 

Price  Sd.  per  Pouna. 

CUCUMBER-SHARPE'S    EPICUREAN. 

CUCUMBERS    ALL    THE    YEAR    ROUND. 


This,  the  perfection  of  Frame  Cucumbers,  is  a 
in  form  it  has  a  resemblance  to  Telegragh,  but 
inches  in  length  having  been  cut  from  it  It  is 
Tender  and  True,  but  its  chief  recommendation  is 
everything  that  has  come  under  our  notice,  as 
3-light  pit.  3  quarter  spin. 
;mis  as  Midsummer— and  in  : 


iross  between  Telegraph  and  Tender  and  True  ; 
of  a  darker  green  and  much  longer —frjit  31 
Ti>p  and  juicy,  and  in  flivjur  it  is  superior  to 

nany  as  300  and  403  fruit  having  been  cut  from 
For  succession  it  is  unequalled  bearing  are 
dilion  to  its  handsome  form  and  lovely  colour, 
1  a  hundred  containing  a  trace. 


Price  IS.  6i.  per  Packet. 
SHARPE'S    NEW    TOMATO,     '•  ECLIPSE.' 


I'ed  Nisbefs  Vi 


The  Eclipie  is  a  seedling  raised  from  the 
which  is  produced  in  large  bunches  of  ten  or 
Victoria.     The  bunches  are  produced  at  every  j 

very  little  stopoing.     The  fruit   is  oval  in  form,  of  a  rich  cherry-red  colour,  and 
exquisite  as  ihit  of  the  Victoria.     Eclipse  is,  without  h^ 

cultivation.     The  immense  bunches  of  richly-ciliured  fruit,  when  seen  traioed 
and  well  grown,  present  a  sight  such  as  no  other  Tomato  can  equa'. 

Price,  Packets,  \s.  f>d.  each. 
THE    POMEGRANATE    TOMATO. 


o.     The  fruit. 

h:  site  of  the 

type,  and  the  plint  requires 


The 


This  is  one  of  „  he  greatest  acquisitions  in  the  Tomato  ever  submitted  to  the 
fruit  is  a  depressed  globe,  perfectly  smooth;  of  a  deep  pink  S'lflused  with  violet, 
shade  of  colour  being  almost  impossible  to  describe  ;  the  flesh  is  fiim,  of  an  exiimsite  flavour, 
with  very  little  seed,  and  of  a  deep  rich  crimson,  very  closely  resembling  the  interior  of  a  ripe 
Pomegranate.  It  IS  very  prolific,  the  fruit  being  produced  111  buncnes  at  every  joint,  and  it  is 
equally  adapted  for  Outtioor  or  Frame  cultivation.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it 
as  a  great  advance  upon  any  of  the  large  kinds  of  Tomato. 


Price,  \s.  per  Packet. 


TRADE   PRICE  and   SPECIAL   LIST  of  NOVELTIES  for  1885  and   1886, 

POST-FREE    ON   APPLICATION. 

CHARLES     SHARPE     &    CO,      SLEAFORD. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 

To 

W. 

RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,     IV.  c. 

Please     send    me     "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for . 
iommencmg ,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


Months, 


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THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  y.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  iid.  ;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 
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December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


711 


BECK  &  CO,  Ltd., 

130,    GBE4.T    SUFFOLK    STREET, 
LONDON,    S.E. 

Telegraphic  Address  —  "  Hydrant,  London  "), 

HOT- WATER   VALVE 

MANUFACTURERS,    &c. 

GOLD  MEDAL,   HEALTH  EXHIBITION. 


WHEATLEV.S     PATEXT. 

The  abwe  is  an  illustration  of  our  NEW  PATENT 
THROTTLE  VALVE,  the  advantages  of  which  are  shown 
in  sections  behw. 

BESr  and  MOST   COMPACT    THROTTLE 
VALVE  in  the  MARKET. 


Prices:-83.  3d.    IO3.    123.  6d. 


SHould  this  Valve  be  left  unu'ed  for  a  lenethen-d  period  and 
Ve  found  t  ghtly  wedged,  by  simp'y  unscrewin;:;  the  LOWer 
Nut  T  Spin  lie.  the  wing  will  be  released  and  can  then  be 
readily  turned  at  pUas  Jre  and  the  Nut  retightened. 

No  Violence  Is  therefore  needed,  and  the  Valve 
should  nsver  be  broken 


Beck's  Patent   Horizoatal   Screw- 
down  Hot-water  Valves 

Are  Manufactured  at  the  above  Address  only, 
and  the  Name  of  the  Firm  is  Cast  on  each. 


GARDEN  HYDRANTS, 

STANDPIPES,     HOSE, 
BRANCHPIPES,     SPREADERS,     ROSES,    &c. 


FIRE    APPLIANCES. 

Sectional  or  Complete  Catalogues  on  application. 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY    STOCK:- 

AlUES  CANADl'.NSIS,  4  to  8  feet,  hundreds. 
,.     LIOUGLASII.  no  6  feet,  thousands. 
,.     DOUGLASIl  OLAUCA,  3  to;  feet, hundreds. 
,,     HOOKERIAN  A  or  PATIONIANA,  3  to  5  feet. 
„     ORl  ENTALI.S.  4.  5.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
,.     PARRYANA  CiLAUCA,   1^  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     All 

t  KDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA.  3  10  6  feet. 

..     DEODARA,  6  tog  feet,  hundretls. 

„     LIB.\N1  (Cedar  of  Lebanon).  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds, 
t  LIPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA  EKECTA  VIRIDIS,  3,  4. 
1;  to  8  feet,  thousands. 

..     LUTEA,  3,  4  and  5  feet,  hundreds. 
JUNIPER.  Chinese,  s.  8  to  I2  feet. 
"PICEA  CONGO  LOR,  2  to  s  feet,  liin.drejs. 

,,     GRANDIS,  5  tc  7  feet. 

,,     LASIO<?ARP.-\,  3  to  5  feet,  limr.lreds.  - 

„      MAGXIKICA,  ;■  to  5  feet,  Ihiii.I,  r-rk. 

..    xor.n.is,  i';  i..  ;  r.jet.  inui.ir.  ,i,. 

„     NORD.MANXIAXA,  4.  i.,  ;  [•.  ro  feet.  luiudreJs. 
,.      I'IN.SAl'O.  u  to  iofe.;t,  jioiulieiU. 
PINIS  AUSTKIAGA.  3  to  31=  .-uid  4  feet,  well  furnished  iiijl 
transplanted  October.  1S84,  thousands. 
..     CE.MBRA,  3.  6  to  S  feet,  hundreds. 
RETINO.SPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 
..     PlilFERA  AUREA  (true),  3  to  0  feet 
..     I'l.UMOSA  AURF.A,  3  to  5  feet. 
1  in   h  il'SLS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

..     I"  lI,\nRATA,  3,  4,  .ind  6  feet,  hundreds. 
IHLIA    I.OBBU.  4  to  5  feet,  hrn.dreds. 
,.     OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet 
.      SE.MPER  AURE.\,  sK  to  3  feet,  hnndieils. 
VEWS,  Common,  3,  4.  and  s  feet,  thousands. 
,,     Common,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 
,.     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  many  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  ami 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 
,.     Golden,  Seedlings,  3,  4,  5,  to  8  feet. 
..     Irish,  5  to  10  feet,  hundreils. 
.,     Irish,  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  5  feet. 
AZALE.\S.  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4.  and  5 

feet,  thoiisands. 

RHODODENDRONS,  3,  4,  5,  6.  8  to  10  feet,  tliousands  of 

finer  plants  than  can  be  f^ound  in  any  other  Nursery. 

S^  The  fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons  annu.ally 

l.l.intcd  in  Rotten  Row,  Hyde  Park,  are  supplied  by  Anthony 

WvTFRER- 

KW  MIA  L.\T1F0LIA.  healthy  and  well  furnished  plants. 
18  to  24  inches,  showing  from  twelve  to  thirty  trusses 
of  bloom. 
i^L  LL  B\  JAPONICA,  1%  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
)  ^MBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  5  to  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted spring,  1885,  hundreds. 
1    )\   Green  and  Variegated,  3.  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thousands. 
Hill  I  IBS.  Common  Cfreen,  3,  4,  s  up  to  10  feet,  thousands. 
ALr.^CLARENSE.l 

HODGINS'.  ,    .    s  UD  to  10  feet   many 

L4URIF0LIA.  \     '' *' '   ?hous°nds 

M\RTIFOLIA.  thousands. 

SCOTTICA,  I 

■\  ellow-berried  and  other  sorts. 
\  inegated,  of  sorts,  3,  4,  5  up  1 
Golden  Queen,  3.  4,  5,  6,  7  to 
tiful  specimens. 
, ,     Silver  Queen,  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens. 
.,     Weeping,  Perrj-'s.  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  often  to 

fifteen  years'  growth,  hundreds. 
.,    Weeping,    New  Golden,   a   large  quantity  of   beautiful 


„     NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA   Standards,  8  li 

„     REITENBACHII,  8  to  to  feet. 

.,     SCHWEDLERI,  iz  to  r4,  and  14  to  16  feel. 

..     WORLEVII,  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  ro  to  12  feet. 

.,     Purple,  Pyramids,  c,  to  i;.  and  I2  to  14  feet. 
BIRCH,  Silver,  12  to  14  feet. 

.,     Purple,  14  feet. 

I  16  feet. 


t  to  14  feet. 


ELMS  English,  10  to 
Guernsey,  10  to  i 
LIMES  10  to  12  feet, 
S  Iver-leaved,  12 
II  UIDAMBAR,  6t 
\  H  Mountain,  10  to 
\1  VPLE    Norway,  14 


\  feet. 


\kS    Ame 
\  nglish, 
PI  \NES,  14  feet  and  upwards. 
POPLAR  CANADENSIS  NOVA,  12  to 

BOLLEANA,  8  to  to  feet 
SVL\MORE,  Common,  14  to  15  feet. 
,.     Purple,  15  to  16  feet. 
,,    Variegated,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 

BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  to  to  12  I 
,,     Weeping,  Purple  (true),  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids,  10  to  I2  feet. 
,,     Young's  Weeping,  Standards,  14  feet. 

ELMS,  Weeping,  Standards,  10  feet  stems. 

HAZEL.  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  to  feet. 

LARCH,  Weeeping,  6  to  10  feet. 

POPLAR,  Weeping.  Standards. 

SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  6t 


Intending  planters  are  invited  to  inspect  the  Plants  growing  ; 
no  one  interested  in  such  matters  will  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  of  such  a  Stock. 


KNAP    HILL    NURSERY, 

WOKING,    SURREY. 


-Si^ 


dlanleni^r!)^  (Bliri}nicli*. 


SATURDAY,    DFXF.MBER    5,    1885. 


CLANDON    PARK. 

AN  outing  even  in  November  is  sometimes 
necessary  to  country-bred  folk  whose 
occupations  call  them  to  town  occasionally  for 
longer  residence  than  they  desire.  Much  to  my 
satisfaction  the  new  railway  from  Leatherhead 
to  Guildford  carried  me  through  some  Surrey 
villages  known  of  old  and  now  very  gladly  re- 
visited. Having  spent  some  hours  at  East 
Horsley,  till  the  sun  went  down — for  there  was  a 
sun  that  day  though  not  a  glimpse  to  pierce 
through  tHfe  mist  of  the  day  before,  or  the  day 
after — I  arrived  at  Guildford.  The  ne.\t  morn- 
ing I  had  two  great  gardens  to  visit.  Wet  or 
dry  I  meant  to  see  Clandon  Park  that  day,  and 
to  cross  the  hill  and  caU  at  Albury. 

Strange  to  run  by  rail  through  little  woods 
and  copses  well  known  in  former  days,  and  to 
see  the  smirt  cock  pheasants  not  so  much  as 
skulking  in  the  brushwood  at  the  novelty  of  the 
train.  Strange  to  alight  at  Clandon  at  a  new 
red  station-  outside  the  Earl  of  Onslow's  little 
village,  where,  in  spite  of  the  democracy,  you 
are  not  likely  to  find  any  land  on  the  inarket 
for  some  time  to  come.  Here  we  are  at  the 
Park  gates  in  the  village  street,  not  the  chief 
entrance,  which  is  on  the  Guildford  side  of  the 
Park.  There  is  the  church  a  little  further  on, 
and  in  its  rear,  not  far  removed  from  the  main 
road,  is  Lord  Onslow's  great  house,  one  of  the 
largest  in  Surrey.  With  all  respect  for  those 
architects  of  the  last  century  who  deserved  any, 
and  a  great  many  of  them  did  not,  what  a 
blunder  it  was  to  ignore  the  best  prospects  as 
well  as  the  sun  in  selecting  a  site  ! 

A  shooting  party  left  the  house  at  the  time 
of  my  approach,  and  before  night  many  braces 
of  phe.asants  and  hares,  like  FalstalT's  "  raga- 
muflins "  had  been  "well  peppered."  My 
mission  v/as  to  Mr.  Court,  the  gardener,  and 
fortunately  a  public  path  through  the  park  to 
Merrow  and  Guildford  passes  the  kitchen- 
garden.  So  I  committed  no  trespass,  which 
must  upon  occasion  be  done  in  passing 
through  the  country,  or  you  will  miss  something 
you  ought  '0  have  seen.  The  garden  is  a  good 
one,  3  ..ctes  in  e.xtent,  and  walled,  with  several 
"  houses,"  as  gardeners  call  them,  fairy  palaces 
if  we  consider,  formed  of  an  exquisite,  trans- 
parent fabric,  which  admits  the  sunlight,  and  is 
marvellously  cheap.  This  department  has 
been  made  attractive  by  flowers  and  grass 
paths,  a  conservatory,  and  a  very  pretty  Rose- 
garden,  surrounded  by  Yew  hedges. 

In  one  of  the  houses  Mr.  Court  pointed  out  a 
Sutton's  Chiswick  Red  Tomato  in  a  loinch  pot, 
having  a  bunch  containing  ten  Tomatos,  and  a 
crop  of  a  hundred  altogether — a  wonderful 
plant  ! 

The  gardening  is  all  accomplished  by  four 
men  with  their  head,  so  the  working-man  can- 
not have  degenerated,  though  it  is  the  fashion 
to  say  that  he  has  done  so.  Close  to  the  gar- 
dens are  the  house  of  the  estate  agent,  clothed 
with  Ivy,  the  stables  and  the  timber  yard.  A 
short  walk  across  the  park  brought  us  to  the 
mansion,  an  oblong  building  of  red  brick, 
sobered  by  as  many  years  as  have  shed  their 
storms  upon   it  since  it  was  built  in  173 1.     I 


712 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  5,  1885. 


stands  in  the  midst  of  a  lawn  of  six  acres,  three 
storeys  high,  oblong  in  shape,  colossal,  and 
embellished  by  an  English,  a  French,  and  an 
Italian  front-a  strange  fancy  of  the  poorest 
century  for  taste  in  building  that  this  country 
has  ever  known.  It  seems  ungracious  to 
indulge  in  criticism,  and  I  will  only  add  in 
regard  to  the  site,  what  a  pity  !  The  views 
towards  the  North  Downs,  whose  ridge  crosses 
the  country  half  a  mile  south  of  the  house,  lie 
on  the  sunny  side  and  are  singularly  pleasing, 
but  they  are  out  of  sight.  The  northern  land- 
scape, seen  from  the  windows  and  still  better 
from  higher  ground  near  the  church,  comprises 
the  park,  and  occasional  groups  of  deer,  with 
the  high  lying  country  beyond,  the  conspicuous 
tower  of  Knap  Hill,  and  Frimley  and  Chobham 
Ridges,  where  the  poorest  sands  of  Surrey  re- 
fuse^to  produce  even  the  characteristic  growth 
of  such  wastes  as  those  of  Woking  and  Bagshot. 
A  pretty  pond  in  the  foreground  of  this  pleasing 
landscape  sparkles  from  the  windows  having 
the  brightest  of  water  well  stocked  with  red 
spotted  trout  of  the  true  Surrey  breed. 

The  park  slopes  gently  northwards  away 
from  the  house,  an  arrangement  which  the 
architect  should  have  altered  by  fi.xing  the  site 
where,  in  looking  Irom  the  windows,  you  might 
imagine  the  landscape  leaning  towards  you 
instead  of  shunning  your  ga^e. 

Clandon  Park  belonged  originally  to  the 
family  of  Weston,  of  Sutton  Place,  Send,  near 
Guildford,  whose  representative,  Sir  Richard 
Sutton,  introduced  red  Clover  into  England, 
and  encouraged  the  growth  of  field  Turnips. 
The  park  was  formed  by  an  earlier  Sir  Richard 
with  leave  and  licence  of  Henry  \"III.  In 
l6.(2  it  was  sold  to  Sir  Richard  Onslow,  of 
Knole,  Cranley,  Surrey,  or  Cranleigh,  as  the 
word  is  now  spelt  to  prevent  confusing  this 
Cranley  with  another  somewhere  else.  A 
grandson  of  the  above  removed  here  early  in 
the  last  century.  Mr.  Speaker  Onslow  became 
the  first  peer. 

Over  the  hill  to  Albury,  by  Newlands  Corner, 
and  past  the  great  Yews  of  the  Pilgrim's  Way, 
was  for  me  a  walk  of  deepest  interest.  I  have 
known  the  Yews  from  a  child,  and  turned  aside 
to  examine  them.  They  have  scarcely  grown 
older  in  appearance.  One  ancient  veteran,  in 
whose  hollow  trunk  a  ruffian  lighted  a  fire  thirty 
years  since,  has  become  younger  by  a  well- 
known  process  of  healing  and  over-barking,  one 
may  call  it  rejuvenescence.  The  hills,  too,  are 
unaltered  so  far  as  I  could  see  them  lying  still  and 
solemn  in  the  mist,  with  the  leaves  of  the  trees  that 
cover  most  of  them  yellow  and  sere,  and  ready 
to  fall.  A  friend  of  old  times,  a  little  worn  like 
others  by  many  years  passing  over  him,  wel- 
comed me,  and,  after  a  short  repast,  we  walked 
together  to  call  on  Mr.  Kemp  at  Albury  Park. 
In  the  company  of  a  first-rate  gardener,  happy 
apparently  in  showing  us  the  gardens  and 
grounds  he  has  managed  for  thirty  years,  the 
time  slipped  fast  away  like  the  rapid  Tilling- 
bourne  that  waters  this  beautiful  place.  There 
was  constantly  another  specimen  we  must  see, 
and  another  ;  day  departed,  and  we  stood 
before  a  dark  thing — a  tree,  a  Douglas  Fir,  I 
was  told — twenty-three  years  planted,  and 
eighty-two  feet  high  ;  beautiful  if  we  could  only 
hive  seen  it.  We  hope  to  do  so  some  other 
time.  H.  E. 


m 


ERIA   (HYMENERI.'E  AFF.)  RIMANNI,  «.  i/.* 

This  Eria  would  be  a  genuine  Hymeneria,  were  it 
not  for  its  very  coriaceous  leaves  and  the  inflorescence, 
which  has  a  slight  covering  of  short  reddish  hairs  on 
ihe  rhachis,  bracts,  stalked  ovaries  and  sepals.  The 
bulb  is  pyriform,  or  like  a  fresh  Fig,  covered  in  the 
mature  slate  with  a  very  characteristic,  rather  shining 
brown  or  grey  wrinkled  skin  (comparable  to  that  of 
Eria  myristic-eformis,  of  Sir  William  Hooker), 
reaching  nearly  3  inches  in  height  and  almost  as  much 
in  circumference  at  the  widest  part.  The  leaves  are 
cuneate,  oblong,  acute,  very  leathery,  light  green, 
much  lighter  underneath,  with  the  eleven  nerves  of  a 
dark  green  colour.  I  received  only  a  single  fresh 
leaf,  the  three  bulbs  having  none,  but  there  were 
scars  of  3—4  at  the  top.  The  nodding  inflorescence 
is  very  dense.  The  flowers  may  be  compared  to 
thoje  of  Eria  pachystachya,  Lindley,  if  the  widely 
distinct  lip  be  not  considered.  They  are  pellucid, 
of  the  lightest  sulphur,  and  have  a  long  blunt 
mentuni.     Lip  sulphur  coloured,  with  the  front  lobe 


SwoLLKN  Mouth  after  Eating  Pink-apple. 
— A  correspondent  of  the  Brilish  Afcdical  Journal 
states  that  "  A  gentleman  about  forty  years  of  age 
received  a  Pine-apple  as  a  present.  The  fruit  had  an 
unusually  dark  rind  [Black  Jamaica].  He  ate  several 
slices  after  dinner,  carefully  cutting  off  the  rind,  none 
of  which  touched  his  mouth.  Within  a  few  hours  his 
lips  began  to  swell.  The  swelling  did  not  disappear 
for  twenty- four  hours.  The  tongue  was  not  affected. 
The  gentleman  had  no  other  uneasiness  or  pain." 
[We  had  a  similar  experience  in  some  Pine-apples 
raised  from  suckers  that  came  ashore  from  the  Tvne 
Mail  steamer,  which  came  ashore  off  St.  Albans  Head 
in  1858.  Ep.1 


His  latest  contribution  *  to  Chinese  botany  is  a 
synopsis  of  the  species  of  Primula  collected  in  the 
mountains  of  Yunnan  by  Delavay.  The  collection 
comprises  twenty  species,  nearly  all  found  around 
Like  Tali  ;  and  of  these  twenty  species,  sixteen  are, 
according  to  Franchet,  absolutely  new  ;  three  are 
referred  to  Himalyan  species,  and  one  is  treated 
as  a  remarkable  variety  of  P.  auriculata,  a  native 
of  the  Caucasus  and  Siberia.  The  greater  number 
of  the  Primulas  of  the  lofty  mountains  of  Yunnan, 
Franchet  says,  are  singularly  remarkable  for  the  beamy 
of  their  flowers,  surpassing  even  the  Himalayan 
species  in  brilliancy  of  colouring.  The  new  species 
described  are  :  — 

I.  Primula  {Primiilaaruin)  seplemloba,  Franchet. 
—This  has  purple  flowers,  and  is  nearly  related  to  P. 
mollis,  Hook.  (Bot.  Ma:;  ,  t.  4798),  and  P.  geranii- 
folia,  Hook.,  differing  from  the  former  in  its  less 
abundant  pubescence,  in  the  shape  of  the  calyx,  and 
in  the  mode  of  cutting  of  the  leaves  ;  from  the  latler 
in  the  fewer,  very  obtuse  lobes  of  its  leaves,  and  from 
both  in  the  absence  of  a  ring  at  the  mouth  of  the  tube 
of  the  corolla.  P.  Kaufmanniana,  Kegtl,  has  leaves 
more  numerously  lobed,  and  glabrous  pedicels. 
Finally,  F'ranchet  adds,  these  four  species  are  very 
closely  allied  to  each  other,  scarcely  differing,  except 
in  the  shape  of  their  leaves.  Collected  in  woods  at 
the  foot  of  the  glacier  of  Likiang. 

Primula    (AUuritia)    bullala,     Franchet.  — A 


of  a  fine  golden-yellow,  and  two  small  purple  spots  ^      y, „„,.,;.       ,.^ „      _._, 

over  it,  and  a  small  tumour  at  the  very  base,  covered  handsome"specics,"co'veied"in  neaHy'all  its  parts  wi.h 
with  purple  dots.  ....  ■    . 

It    was    discovered    by   Mr, 


Ernest  Kimann,  in 
Durmah,  when  travelling  for  Mr.  F.  Sander,  at  whose 
establishment  it  is  now  in  flower.  It  is  a  pleasure  to 
name  it  after  this  ardent  and  successful  collector. 
H.  G.  Re  III:  J. 

Odontoglossu.m  CONSTRICTUM  (ZfH<//.)  casta- 
NEUM,  K.  var. 


a  very  enduring  golden  powder.  Its  bullate,  stricily 
lanceolate  leaves  and  thick  rhizomes  constitute  it  a 
well-chara;terised  type,  which,  wilh  the  next,  may 
be  placed  near  P.  petiolata.  Flowers  golden-yellow, 
very  numerous,  and  borne  in  loose  umbels.  Found 
on  limestone  rocks  on  Mount  Heehcanmen. 

3.  Primula  [A/mri/ia]  hia<lcala,  F'ranchet. — 
Flowers  yellow,  corolla  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx. 
Differs  from   P.  bullata   in   the   absence    of   flowery 


I   think   I  have  seen  hundreds  of  inflorescences  of      powder,  and  in  the  short,  partly  glandular  pubescence 


this  well-known  old  plant,  but  this  is  quite  distinct 
in  its  colours,  and  rather  nice.  The  sepals  and  petals 
are  cinnamon-colored,  with  one  or  two  greenish- white 
lines  at  the  base.  It  was  kindly  sent  by  Mr.  F. 
Sander.     H.  G.  KM.  f. 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  PROIULA 
FROM  THE  MOUNTAINS  OF  YUN- 
NAN, WESTERN  CHINA. 
The  genus  Primula  is  now  in  the  ascendant,  and 
the  number  and  diversity  of  the  species  in  certain 
regions,  especially  in  the  mountains  of  .\sia,  seems 
almost  inexhaustible.  When  that  part  of  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker's  Fbra  of  British  India,  containing  the 
Piimulace;e,  appeared  some  three  years  ago,  it  all  irded 
a  great  surprise  in  the  large  number  of  new  species  of 
Piimula  described,  chiefly  from  the  Himalaya  Moun- 
tains. Alter  the  reduction  of  a  large  number  of 
forms  that  had  previously  been  described  as  indepen- 
dent species  to  P.  obtusifolia,  P.  Siuarlii,  P.  petio- 
laris,  and  others,  there  still  remained,  including  one 
in  the  addenda,  forty-four  admitted  species.  And 
every  fresh  district  visited  fince  has  yielded  some- 
thing new,  so  that  the  publication  of  additional  new 
species  from  the  Himalayan  region  may  be  expected 
at  any  time. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  no  species  of  Primula  has 
hitherto  been  detected,  either  on  the  mountains  of  the 
western  peninsula  of  India,  or  on  those  of  Ceylon. 
One  very  fine  and  distinct  species,  P.  imperialis,  in- 
habits the  mountains  of  Java,  and  the  familiar  P.  praa:- 
nilens  (sinensis)  and  P.  japonica  are  the  most  conspicu- 
ous of  the  few  species  inhabiting  the  extreme  east  ol 
Asia.  But  lying  between  Eastern  India  and  Western 
China  is  a  vast  tract  of  country,  Ihe  interior  of  China, 
concerning  the  vegetation  of  which  comparatively  little 
is  known.  Various  French  missionaries,  notably 
David  and  Delavay.  have,  however,  made  consider- 
able collections  in  the  western  provinces  of  China, 
and  M.  A.  Franchet  has  described  a  great  many  of 
their  novelties  in  various  publications. 


•    Eria   {Hymencri,!  aff.)  Rimanni,  n.    sp.— Pseudobulbis 
pyriformibus,  junioribus  usque  quadrifoliis ;  fofi 
ato-oblongis  acutis;    racemo  dcnsissimo  cernu( 
pilosula  :  bracteis  ligulatis  obtusis  rufo  pilosi: 
pedicellata     dimidlo     aquantibus ;     sepalis 
rufo-pilosis,      sepalo      imparl 
trianinilis  in  mentum  obtusu 


labello 


rhachi    rufo, 

que     brcvissime 

ian£^lo,     sepalis     lateralibus 

descendentibus  :  tepalis  oblongis 

:   trilobo   lobis  lateralibus   semi- 


oblonga   emargir 


liano  triangulo  insiliente. 
hyalini  sulpliurei.     Labelli  lobus 
I  duo  purpurea  lobo  hinc  superposi" 
la  in  callo  hnmili  in  ungiii- 


iticus  laete 

Punctula 

H.G.  Rchh.f. 


..hich  covers  the  whole  plant.  Hjth  ditf:i 
P.  petiolata  in  having  rugose  leaves,  and  almost 
woody  rhizomes.  It  inhabits  shaded  clefts  in  the 
limestone  rocks  of  Lankong. 

4.  Primula  (Akuritia)  sonchifolia,  Franchet. — 
Flowers  violet.  Near  P.  obtusifolia,  Royle,  though 
quite  distinct  in  its  almost  runcinate  leaves,  recalling 
those  of  Sonchus  asper.  Collected  on  the  summit  of 
Mount  Tsangchan  at  an  elevation  of  11,000  to 
13,000  feet. 

5.  rrimu'a  (Aleiirilia)  sci  ralifolia,  Franchet.— 
This  is  also  near  P.  obtusifolia,  differing  in  its  tri- 
angular acuminate  calyx  lobes,  in  its  acutely  toothed 
leaves  of  ihinner  texture,  and  in  its  yellow  flowers. 
From  the  elevated  humid  pastures  of  Tsangchan, 
above  Tali. 

6.  Primula  (AUuritia)  itcunJiJlora,  Franchet.— 
Readily  di-tinguished  by  the  unilateral  arrangement  of 
its  fine  violet  flowers.  It  may  be  associated  wilh  P. 
sikkimensis.  Hook.  The  very  deep  colour  ol  its 
flowers  renders  this  one  of  the  handsomest  species 
of  the  genus.  Found  near  springs  on  the  glacier  of 
Likiang,  at  an  altitude  of  Iiooo  to  13.000  feet. 

7.  Primu'a  {AUuri/ia)  callianlha,  Franchet. —  Re- 
lated to  the  last,  from  which,  however,  it  is  readily 
distinguished  by  its  more  coriaceous  leaves,  covered 
with  a  gojden  dust  beneath,  and  finely  crenulale  in- 
stead of  serrulate,  by  its  large  calyx  and  short  thick 
pedicels,  and  by  the  denticulate  lobes  of  the  corolla. 
Flowers  ;howy,  of  an  intense  purple-violet.  Collected 
in  very  shady  places  under  Fir  trees  on  Mount 
Tsangchan,  near  Tali. 

8.  Primula  [AUurilia)  amethystina,  Franchet.— 
Amelhystine  flowers,  borne  in  umbels  of  three  to  six. 
Leaves  resembling  those  of  the  Daisy,  with  flowers  of 
P.  Kingii.  Found  in  humid  pastures  at  an  elevation 
of  about  13,000  feet  on  Mount  Tsanchan. 

9.  Primula  (Alcurilia)  Mia,  Franchet,— Habit  of 
P.  uniflora,  but  very  different  in  the  narrow,  deep 
lobes  of  ihe  leaves,  in  the  shape  of  the  calyx,  and  in 
the  corolla,  which  has  bifid  lobes,  and  the  throat  of 
the  tube  closed  with  whitish  hairs.  Flowers  large 
and  showy,  of  a  deep  purple-violet.  Collected  on  the 
summit  of  Tsangchan. 

10.  Primula  {Akuritia)  yimnantnsis,  F'ranchet. 
—This  very  elegant  species  is  also  rather  closely 
related  to  P.  uniflora,  from  which  it  is  distinguished 
by  its  leaves  being  more  attenuated  at  the  base,  wilh 
a  glabrous  petiole,  by  the  lanceolate  acute  calyx 
lobes,  by  the  'oifid,  not  quadrifid,  lobes  of  the  corolla, 

"  Bulltlin  ie  la  SfMlf  Pittnni<!"r  de  Franct  (1885!.  xjxli-. 


DEChMlltK    5,     iSSj   ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CUnONICLE 


7 '3 


and  by  the  pedicellate  flowers,  with  the  pedicels 
proceeding  from  different  heights.  Flowers  violet- 
purple,  with  a  slender  corolla-tube.  Growing  in 
clefts  of  limestone  rocks  at  the  foot  of  the  Likiang 
glacier. 

11.  Primula  (Aleuritia)  spicala,  Franchet. — Re- 
markable in  having  unilateral  spicate  flowers,  a  kind 
of  inflorescence  previously  unknown  among  Primulas. 
The  leaves  recall  those  of  P.  Watlii,  but  they  are  less 
attenuated  at  the  base,  and  doubly  crenate,  and  the 
violet  flowers  closely  resemble  those  of  P.  uniflora. 
Collected  in  the  elevated  pastures  of  Tsangchan, 
above  Tali,  after  the  melting  of  the  snows, 

12.  Primula  (Alenrilia)  glaiialis,  Franchet. — A 
pretty  species,  readily  distinguished  by  its  long  calyx, 
divided  four-fifths  of  its  length  into  very  narrow 
lobes,  and  by  its  corolla,  which  has  relatively  narrow, 
quite  entire  divisions.     It  is  nearest  P,   nivalis  and 


pinnatifida,  and  this  should  be  classfied  with  P.  capi- 
tata.  Hook.  (Bot.  Mag.,  t.  4550),  aid  P.  erosa.  Wall., 
from  which  they  both  differ,  in  their  flowers  being 
strictly  sessile,  as  well  as  in  the  shape  of  their  leaves 
and  in  their  calyx.  From  the  chalky  alpine  pastures 
of  lieegnichan,  above  Hokin,  north  of  Tali. 

16.  Primula  (Omphaltr^ramma)  Delavayii,  Fran- 
chet.— A  very  interesting  species  constituting  a  new 
subgenus,  characterised  by  having  large  laterally  com- 
pressed seed,  with  a  thickened  appendage  on  the 
ventral  side,  and  by  the  flowers  appearing  before  the 
leaves,  borne  singly  on  bractless  peduncles.  Flowers 
large,  deep  purple,  sightly  hairy  ;  peduncles  ultimately 
as  much  as  a  loot  high.  Collected  on  the  Tsangchan 
in  cold,  rather  damp  situations,  in  clayey  soil,  at  an 
altitude  of  more  than  16,000  feet,  which  is  nearly  as 
great  as  the  greatest  at  which  Primu'as  have  been 
found  in  Ih^-IIimalayan  Mountains, 


AN  OLD    BANYAN    IN  A  BOWL 

The  curiosity  in  trained  plants  seen  in  fig.  158 
was  brought  home  by  Lady  Brassey,  after  making 
a  voyage  round  the  world  in  1876-77,  in  the  yacht 
Sunbeam.  It  is  stated  to  be  a  hundred  years  old. 
The  plant  and  vase  stand  3^  feet  in  height,  and 
the  plant  is  kept  to  that  height  by  cutiing-back 
and  tying.  The  bole  from  the  ground  to  the 
foliage  is  I  foot  high,  and  2  feet  g  inches  in  cir- 
cumference, and  has  been  used  for  a  birdcage^  the 
roots  being  tied  to  wires  for  that  purposes,  but  now 
the  wires  are  decayed  with  age  it  is  no  longer  used 
for  such  a  purpose.  The  plant  is  very  healthy. 
We  have  to  thank  Mr.  Allan,  head  gardener  to  Sir 
Thomas  Brassey,  Normanhurst  Court,  for  the  above- 
mentioned  particulars.  The  particular  species  of 
Ficus  is  not  quite  evident  from  ihe  foliage  merely, 
but  it  is  thought  to  be  F.  vasculosa,  Wall.  (F. 
Championi,  B  h.).  There  is  no  specimen  like  it  from 
Japan  in  the  herbarium  at  Kew. 


Fig.  158.— banyan  trained  :  brought  home  iiy  lady  krassey. 


P.  Fedschenkoi,  dift'eiing  in  its  larger,  more  deeply 
lobed  calyx,  and  peduncle  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Flowers  violet,  three  to  five  in  an  umbel.  Found  in 
clefts  of  rocks  on  the  glacier  of  Likiang  near  the 
permanent  snows. 

13.  Primula  {Ahurilid)  dryadifolia,  Franchet. — 
This  Primula  has  the  habit  of  Dryas  octopetala,  and 
is  well  characterised  by  its  leaves  and  the  shape  of  its 
bracts.  It  belongs  to  the  same  group  as  P.  uniflora. 
Flowers  violet.  Found  on  the  glacier  of  Likiang, 
four  days'  journey  north  of  Tali,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  13,500  feet,  near  the  everlasting  snows. 

14.  Primula  {Aleuritia)  pinnatifida,  Franchet. — 
Near  P,  Wattii,  King,  differing  in  its  leaves,  being 
distinctly  pinnatifid,  not  merely  toothed,  and  by  its 
corollas  being  only  half  as  large,  with  entire  lobes. 
The  flowers  recall  those  of  Erinus  alpinus,  though 
they  are  larger.  From  the  glacier  of  Likiang,  at  an 
altitude  of  10,000  to  11,000  feet. 

15.  Primula    {Aim  ilia)    (fmua,      Franchet.  — p. 


With  regard  to  the  prospect  of  seeing  these  new 
Chinese  Primulas  in  cultivation,  M.  Franchet  says 
there  is  every  reason  for  hoping  that  seeds  will  be 
sent  with  the  bulk  of  Delavay's  colleciions,  which 
had  nut  reached  Paris  at  the  time  he  wrote  ;  a  small 
consignment  by  post  being  the  only  portion  received. 
There  were  four  cases  of  dried  plants  on  the  way  to 
Paris,  and  !here  is  no  doubt,  from  the  sample  to 
hand,  that  the  entire  coUeciion  will  prove  a  most 
valuable  contribution  to  botanical  knowledge.  The 
only  Yunnan  plants  in  the  Kew  herbarium  are  a  small 
collection  made  by  Dr.  J.  Anderson  on  Major  Sladen's 
expedition  in  1S68.    IV.  B,  H. 


Tea  in  the  Caucasus.— One  of  our  Russian 
correspondents  informs  us  that  under  the  auspices  of 
a  society  the  cultivation  of  Tea  in  the  Caucasus  is 
likely  to  be  successful.  Experience  has  shown  that 
the  shrub  thrives  at  Souchoum-Kale,  Baium,  and 
various  other  places  near  the  eastern  shores  of  the 
Black  Seq, 


COVENT    GARDEN    AND    THE 

NEW  FLOWER  MARKET. 
The  handsome  new  flower  market  (illustrated  in  our 
columns,  1S72,  p.  176,  and  July  18,  18S5,  pp.  73,  76, 
and  77).  which  the  Duke  of  Bedford  has  added  to  his 
market  at  (^ovent  Garden  is  now  approaching  com- 
pletion, so  the  followmg  account  of  an  interview 
which  Mr.  Bourne,  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  agent,  was 
kind  enough  to  accord  to  one  of  the  staff  of  the  Pall 
Alall  Gazette  will  no  doubt  be  of  general  interest  :  — 

"The  Duke,"  said  Mr.  Bourne,  "saw  the  need  of 
a  flower  market  years  ago.  A  number  of  years  ago 
the  trade  was  but  small,  and  space  was  allotted  to  the 
vendors  in  the  general  market,  who  afterwards  shifted 
under  the  piazza  by  the  Floral  Hall,  where  they  were 
found  to  be  an  inconvenience.  lie  then  determined 
to  begin  the  buildings  at  present  in  use,  though  we 
were  tuld  that  a  flower  market  would  never  repay  the 
ouilay.  It  happened  that  the  ground  facing  Welling- 
ton Street  was  available,  and  what  is  called  the 
Wellington  Street  annexe  was  built.  The  experi- 
ment proved  even  more  successful  than  had  been 
anticipated,  for  the  flower  business  enlarged  rapidly, 
until  two  or  three  years  ago  the  new  buildings  were 
planned  and  begun,  and  as  the  leases  of  adjacent 
houses  fell  in  the  space  was  utilised  for  the  erection  ol 
the  present  buildings,  which  are  not  yet  completed, 
though  used,  of  course,  for  the  market.  To  show 
the  extent  of  the  business,  I  may  tell  you  that  we 
have  let  the  whole  of  the  370  standi,  and  I  have  now 
fifty  applicants  whom  I  have  to  deny.  The  market 
is  wholesale,  and  in  summer  the  hours  are  from  5  AM. 
to  9  a.m.,  when  the  market  is  swept  and  shut  up.  Id 
winter  it  is  opened  three  mornings  a  week,  in  summer 
every  morning." 

A  Revolution  in  the  Floavek  Trade. 
"The  increased  railway  facilities  have  revolution- 
ised the  flower  trade.  Now  foreign  flower  growers 
are  endeavouiing  lo  force  their  way  into  the  market, 
and  it  is  possible  to  sell  flowers  from  the  South  of 
France  which  three  days  before  were  uncut.  Our 
own  growers  grumble  terribly  at  the  competition,  for 
they  say  :  *  It  is  all  very  well  to  have  flowers  from 
Nice,  but  then,  you  see,  when  the  salesman  finds  he 
cannot  dispose  of  his  stock,  he  almost  gives  it  away, 
and  forces  our  prices  down  at  once.'  In  the  ordinary 
run  of  things  the  English  vendor  takes  the  stock  left 
over  back  to  his  nursery,  and  puts  it  under  glass  to 
wait  for  another  day.  I  say  in  reply  that  if  people 
want  flowers  from  Nice  they  must  have  them,  for  I 
see  no  objection  lo  foreign  flowers."  "  How  do  you 
account  for  this  increased  demand  for  flowers  ?  "  "I 
fancy  much  of  it  is  due  to  the  aesthetic  movement  of 
the  last  few  years,  but  I  think  myself  that  the  Princess 
of  Wales  brought  the  taste  from  Denmark,  and  on 
Russian  dinner-tables  you  cannot  see  the  food  for  the 
flowers.  To  give  you  a  proof  that  Covent  Garden 
has  become  a  great  wholesale  centre,  not  only  for  the 
general  trade,  but  for  the  flower  trade,  I  may  tell  you 
that  the  flower-buyers  who  attend  the  wholesale 
market  supply  the  northern  markets  of  the  great  pro- 
vincial towns.  I  have  been  compelled  to  stop  the 
activity  of  some  of  them,  who  used  to  get  hold  of  the 
vendors  before  the  market  was  opened,  and,  buying 
what  they  wanted,  have  it  put  into  waggons  waiting 
for  the  purpose,  and  taken  down  into  the  country  by 
the  5  45,  or  newspaper  train.     This  was,  of  course, 


714 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Df.CEMISER    5,    1S85. 


one   supe 

subordinates.     We  have  al: 
for  each  of  the  railway   C( 

inspection  of  the   way-bills  of  all   goods  that  come 
lines. 


erected   six  offices,  one 
npanies,  to  allow  us  an 
oods  that  cor 

nd 


Toll   is  charged  on  the  load 


unfair  to  the  other  salesmen,  and  I  resisted  the  inno- 
vation ;  for  the  more  competition  the  better  the 
market." 

The  Gentleman  FlowjiR  Grower. 
"  The  fashion  has  created  another  business,  lor  the 
nrofessional  llorist  is  often  a  cultivated  gentleman.     I  ,  ,  •       .u  „„ 

Ltm^er  some  time  ago  a  young  f.iend  of  mine  was  thema.Uet  ;  >n  the  -ly  mornt^ngthe  waggo^n 
halting  in  his  choice  of  a  profession.  He  had  to 
choose  between  the  Church  and  the  Law.  He  had  no 
vocation  for  the  Church,  and  there  are  lawyers  enough 
already.  Why  not  be  a  florist?  I  suggested.  He 
took  my  advice,  and  was  articled  to  Mr.  Vcilch  for  a 
couple  of  years.  Then  he  proceeded  to  some  great 
gardens,  where  he  perfected  himself  by  further  prac- 
tical  experience,  and   subsequently   started   a    small 

place   of    his    own,    built    hothouses,    and    laid    out 

grounds,  and  is  now,  I  believe,  a  successful  grower  of 

flowers  for  the  market.    Nor  is  that  the  only  instance."  _  ^     ^      •       .      t-i 

"  Bv  the  way,  Mr.  Bourne,  do  you  think  it  right  that      country,   and  even  the  Continent.     Tl 

the  streets  leading  to  and  from  Covent  Garden  should      are   generallyj-aprtalists,    whose^deal.: 

be  blocked  morning  after  morning  ?     If  a  cab  once 

gets  into  that  whirling  maelstrom  it  is  all  up."     "  A 

cab  has  no  business  to  enter  the  maelstrom.     The 

public,  remember,  must  for  the  time  be  subordinated 

to  the  market.     Now  in  carrying  out  these  new  im- 
provements we  have  widened  the  adjoining  streets  by 

15  feet,  thus  lessening  the  present  congestion,     '^'-- 

ground-rent 

doubt  the  improve  _    _ 

facilities  of  locomotion,  and  of  movement  to  and  from 


Our  corps  for  conducting  these  operations  consists  of      numerous  quaint  almshouses  of  the  city,  to  admire 
one   superintendent   and   six   collectors,    assisted  by      the  fountain  in  the  garden  of  Bedford  (  ucus,  and  ,ust 


to  glance  at  various  small  orchards  .and  gardens  occu- 
pying the  slopes  of  what  was  apparently  once  the 
town  ditch.  Having  admired  the  old  houses  and 
t  churches  of  High  Street  and  Fore   Strett, 


ir  lines.      1011   is  cnargeu  uu   luc  ■■j.iv,  »..-       .i -- «  ,,    .     .         ,    . 

bushel      There  are  two  classes  of  people  who  frequent      the  Ivy-mantled   gateway   and   well-timbered   terrace 

■      n  of  the  castle  at  Kougemont,   we  did  just  find 


and  upon  these  the  toll  is  levied— not  on  the  goods, 
but  upon  the  waggons.  The  trader  often  agrees  to 
pay  an  annual  rental  for  the  right  of  entry  of  one, 
two,  or  three  waggons,  as  the  case  may  be.  He 
comes  in  the  morning  and  sells  his  stuff  from  the  tail 
of  the  waggon,  by  this  means  escaping  the  incon- 
venience of  repacking  ;  but  these  traders  are  com- 
pelled to  clear  olT  by  12  o'clock.  They  are  followed 
by  the  new  race  of  traders  which  the  railways  have 
created— that  is,  the  salesmen— who  are  really  the 
consignees  of  the  great  growers  in  al!  parts  of  the 
These  salesmen 
ngs  are  on  a 
large  scale.  Take,  for  instance,  the  American  Apple 
trade,  where  one  of  them  would  think  nothing  of 
running  across  to  America  and  buying  up  the  Apple 
crop  of  a  whole  district. 

"  I  remember  one  of  these  gentlemen  coming  to 
me  in  a  great  stale  of  alarm.  He  said,  '  I  have  just 
had  a  telegram  saying  that  there  are  80,000  barrels  of 


time  to  climb  the  hill  overlooking  the  city  above  the 
reservoir,  so  as  to  get  a  bird's-eye  view  to  the  Haldon 
Hills,  where  the  tower  of  Belvedere  rises  among  the 
trees,  and  to  notice  the  beds  of  shale  near  the  railway- 
station  before  our  inexorable  "  return  excursion  "  bore 
us  otf  on  our  journey  home,  impressed  by  the  fad  that 
in  Devonshire  gardens  Nature  does  more  than  Art. 
G.  S.  Boulder. 


are   correspondingly   lessened,    but  no      American  .Apples  coming  up  to  me  by  the  next  tram, 

irovement  will  pay  for  itself  by  increased      and  I  have  no  place  to  stow  them.'     1  gave  him  a 

place  in  the  new  market,  and  before  the  day  was  over 


n\i  min  and  |li!Huiu58. 


TRICHOCENTRUM  M.\CUL.\TC.\I,  Lindl.,  Orch. 
Lindcni,  p.  24. 
This  plant  was  originally  discovered  by  Mr.  I. 
Linden  in  New  Grenada.  There  are  also  numerous 
specimens  at  hand  from  Messrs.  Schlim,  Wagener, 
Warscewicz,  Smith,  Patin.  Notwithstanding  lis  having 
been  published  as  early  as  1S46,  I  never  knew  of  its 
having  flowered  in  Europe,  till  I  had  quite  lately 
a  leaf  and  a  peduncle  from  Mr.    F.    Sander.      The 


the  market.     It   may,   by  the  way,   surprise  you  to      they  had  all  been  sold  under  the  hammer.     These      ^y^^^g  ^^^^^^  „g,y  leathery  leaf  is  light  green,  spotted 


hear  that  in  my  time  two  of  the  gates  which 
customary  in  old  times  to  shut  during  the  holding  of 
the  market,  in  Burleigh  Street  and  Southampton 
Street,  have  been  removed,  and,  although  I  can  find 
no  record,  I  believe  other  gates  existed  for  the  same 
purpose," 


salesmen  are  auctioneers,  and  their  business  begins      ^.^j^  "^^j^\^  above,  and  almost   totally  sordid  purple 
after  twelve,  so  that  you  see  business  is  really  going      jig^j^jj,.     The  flower  is  totally  in  accordance  with  the 

indications  given  by  Mr.  J.  Linden  to  Dr.  Lindley. 


The  Convent  Garden  and  the  First  Earl  ck 
Bedford. 
Mr.  Bourne  then  gave  me  a  history  of  this  famous 
market.     He  told  nie  how  the  land  had  been  granted 


at  Covent  Garden  during  the  whole  twenly-fou 
hours.  Subordinate  to  the  salesman  is  a  middleman, 
who  acts,  not  as  a  consignee,  but  as  a  speculator, 
buying  likely  lots  which  he  sells  again  at  a  margin  of 
profit.  In  fact,  the  market  does  not  so  much  supply 
local  wants  as  it  serves  as  a  great  centre  of  distribu- 
tion." rail  .Ua.'l  Gazelle,  iVov.  2S. 


They  have  a  certain  white  colour  with  a  slight  indi- 
cation of  the  lightest  sulphur  hue,  purple  spots  on 
the  dorsal  sepals  and  petals.  The  cuneate  oblong, 
almost  refuse  or  bilobed  lip,  has  two  orange  keels  at 
the  base.  The  column  is  striped  with  purple  at  the 
back,  and  has  lobed  and  toothletted  wings  which  are 
green  and  purple.     The  spur  is  filiform,  wider  at  its 

_  mouth,    light    green.      Anther    quite    generic,    wiih 

by  He'nry'viL  tothe  Earl  of  Bedford,  and  showed       EJGIIT    DAYS     IN    THE    GARDEN       numerous   acute  papilla;,   looking   like   a  hedgehog. 


me  a  Bartolozzi  print  of  this  gentleman  which  had 
just  been  presented  to  him  by  an  antiquarian  friend. 
"  It  was  part  of  the  old  Convent  Garden,  when  the 
monastery  to  which  it  was  attached  was  one  of  the 
few  houses  in  what  is  now  called  the  Strand,  and 
when  all  about  us  were  fields  and  pasture  land.  In 
course  of  time  the  immigrants  from  the  provinces  and 
elsewhere  had  settled  themselves  about  in  the  district, 
and  as  the  people  increased,  and  houses  sprang  up, 
the  beginning  of  a  market  was  formed,  and  Charles  I. 
granted  a  charter  to  enable  the  Enl  of  Bedford  to 
hold  a  market  in  Covent  Garden  fields,  in  front  of  Si. 
Paul's,  which,  by  the  way,  had  been  built  and 
endowed  by  a  Bedford.  I  may  say  that  the  portico 
of  this  same  church  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in 
London,  and  we  have  at  one  time  or  another  expended 
;(,' 20,000  in  its  restoration  and  the  rehabilitation  of  the 
churchyard.  Well,  without  detailing  the  intermediate 
changes,  let  us  go  on  to  the  year  iSio,  when  the 
population  had  of  course  greatly  increased.  In  iSio 
an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed,  called  '  The  First 
Management  Act,'  which  did  not  interfere  with  the 
original  charter,  but  enabled  the  Duke  to  frame  laws 
for  the  better  government  of  the  market,  which  had 
by  this  time  acquired  large  dimensions.  It  was  then 
an  open-air  market  but  for  the  few  wooden  shanties 
which  had  been  erected.  In  1S2S  the  then  Duke 
determined  to  put  an  end  to  these  rude  raethod.s,  and 
the  present  buildings  were  erected." 

How  THE  Tolls  are  Collected. 
Mr.  Bourne  has  been  kind  enough  to  explain  in 
what  manner  the  business  of  the  market  is  carried  on. 
"  In  old  days  the  toll  levied  used  to  be  charged  for  a 
head-lead.  There  is  no  such  measure  now.  Another 
measure  of  those  times  is  called  a  maund,  which  we 
now  make  the  equivalent  for  a  bushel.  Under  the 
common  law  which  regulates  market  tolls  (or  those 
peculiar  to  chartered  markets)  the  money  was  payable 
by  the  buyer,  which  was  one  of  the  inconveniences 
removed  by  the  .\ct  of  iSio,  when  they  were  made 
payable  by  the  vendor.  The  same  system  holds  good 
now,  except  that  it  is  perfected  and  administered  in 
the  most  careful,  efficient,  and  economical  manner. 
It  may  seem  strange  to  you,  contemplating  the  never- 
ending  file  of  waggons  which  make  their  way  in  the 
early  hours  of  the  morning  to  the  market,  that  this 
apparent  chaos  can  be  reduced  to  anything  like  order. 


OF   ENGLAND. 

(a.v.'/«wrf  from    p.    683.) 
To  Dart.mouth  bit  Coach.— Our  drive  was  un- 
eventful.    Up  and  down  hill,   over  an   arm  of  the 
estuary  by  the  pretty  bridge  at  Balcombe,  and  past       „otstock  from  which  proceeds  an  erect  stem,  about 


Sepals  evidently  keeled  on  the  midline  outside.  //.  G. 
Rchb  f. 

GOVENIA   deliciosa. 

This  "is  a  very  pretty  and  distinct  Orchid,  with  the 
habit  of  a  Bletia.     It  has  an  underground  tuberous 


one  or  two  villages  gay  with  Fuchsias,  Escallonias, 
Veronicas,  and  Euonymus— shrubs  that  rejoice  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  sea,  we  only  noticed  the 
paucity  of  the  Apple  crop,  and  that  the  reaping 
machines  were  hard  at  work,  before  we  reached,  near 
Stokenham,  the  long  strip  of  marsh  known  as  Slapton 
Sea.  Filled  with  reeds— a  valuable  crop  for  thatch- 
and  white  Water  Lily,  this  pool  stretches  behind  a 
sand-bank,  copiously  sprinkled  with  yellow-horned 
Poppy,  Thrift,  and  Sea  Holly,  extending  about 
2  miles  along  the  coast  from  the  little  fishing  village 
of  Tor  Cross.  The  coach,  after  passing  along  these 
sands  by  ihe  calm  blue  waters  of  the  Channel,  climbs 
a  steep  ascent,  and  after  dipping  down  once  or  twice, 
as  at  the  beautiful  liltle"  inlet  of  Blackpool,  descends 
rapidly  into  the  narrow  streets  of  Dartmouth.  The 
Weymouth  Pine  and  Iris  ftetidissima  luxuriate  along 
this  coast,  as  at  Sandgate  and  Folkestone,  and  but 
for  the  old  three-decker  training  ships  and  the 
numerous  boats  of  all  kinds,  the  view  up  the  E)art  as 
seen  from  the  steam  ferry  and  the  railroad  is  very 
similar  to  that  obtained  a  lew  miles  higher  up  stream 
from  the  castle  at  Totnes,   whilst   Dartmouth   itself, 


I  foot  or  iS  inches  in  height,  furnished  with  a  pair  of 
bold  plicate  leaves.  The  f.ower-spike  is  borne  at 
the  top  of  the  stem,  and  consists  of  from  6— S  flowers, 
of  which  the  sepals  are  white,  and  the  lip  yellow  at 
the  base,  the  front  half  being  white  covered  wiUi 
purple  spots."  It  should  be  grown  in  a  cool-house 
or  frame,  and  should  be  potted  in  a  compost  of  warm 
leaf-mould  and  sand  with  good  drainage.  When  the 
growth  is  completed  the  plant  should  be  allowed  to 
have  a  good  season  of  rest,  water  being  withheld 
until  the  tuber  again  shows  signs  of  stalling  into 
growth.     Orehid  Album,  t.  21 1. 

CYPRIPEDIUM   TESSELATUM    VAR.    rOKfHYRO- 
1-HYLLUiM. 

This  is  a  hybrid  from  C.  barbatum,  fertilised  by  the 
pollen  of  C.  concolor.  In  the  shape  of  its  leaves  it 
resembles  the  male  parent,  while  the  marbling  of  the 
lip  is  that  of  the  seed  parent.  The  form  porphyrophyl- 
lum  was  raised  from  the  same  cross  (from  the  same 
seedpod)  as  the  one  called  tesselatum,  but  is  distin- 
guished from  it  by  its  vigorous  growth,  its  broader 
leaves,  more  thickly  spotted,  and  by  the  flowers  of  a 


with  its  narrow  lanes  running  in   terraces  on  a  steep      g^^  purplish-brown  colour.     Lindenia,  t.  18, 
slope,  is  not  unlike  Salcombe.     Night  was  closing  in 
as  we  caught  a  glimpse  or  two  of  Torbay,  and  we 
reached    Exeter    too    late    for   any   exploration    that 


Exeter. 
A  cathedral  city  with  a  Norman  castle  and  nineteen 
parish  churches  proved  too  attraclive  to  our  archa;o- 
logical  instincts  to  allow  us  much  time  for  horticulture, 
so,  to  our  great  regret,  we  were  unable  to  visit  the 
well-known  nurseries  of  Messrs.  Lucombe,    Pince  & 


Cattleya  guttata  var.  Leopoldi. 
A  magnificent  variety  with  stiff  many-flowered 
spikes ;  flowers  nearly  4  inches  across,  segments 
roundish,  oblong,  yellow  with  purplish  spots,  lip  pro- 
jecting, three-lobed,  lateral  lobes  roundish  erect, 
connivent,  anterior  lobe  obcordate,  purple.   Liihienia, 

t.  19. 

Oncidium  Limminghei. 

This  is  a  strange  plant,  with  leaves  like  those  of  a 


Co.,  or  of  Messrs.  Veitch.    The  study  of  the  fine  work  Sophronitis  banded  with  brown  stripes  and  springing 

in  colour,  so  conscientiously  restored   by  Sir  Gilbert  from  glaucous  bulbs  arranged  in    two  rows  on  either 

Scott,  the  Norman  towers,  the  i3-h  century  clock,  the  side  of  a  creeping  stock.     O.  Limminghei  is  a  pretty 

elaborate  bishop's  throne,  erected  in  1326,    and  the  miniature  of  O.  Papilio,  and  one  of  the  most  elegant 

richly  decorated   west  front,  by  Bishop  Branlyngham  species  of  the  genus.     It  should  be  cultivated   on  a 

(1394),  did,   however,  allow  us  to  peep  at  many  an  cylindrical  block.      In  order   to    produce  numerous 

interesting  little  courtyard  scene  in  the  close,  or  in  the  branches  Count  de  Buysson  recommends  that  when 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


715 


the  plant  is  once  established  the  rhizome  is  cut 
through  below  the  second  bulb  from  the  top  at  the 
time  when  the  plant  is  beginniog  to  grow.  A  shoot 
is  then  formed  at  the  section  which  will  form  a 
branch.  The  operation  is  repeated  when  the  branches 
have  four  bulbs,  and  thus  in  a  few  years  the  block  is 
completely  covered  v;ith  flowers.  The  plant  should 
be  hung  near  the  glass  in  the  Cattleya-bouse. 

Cattleya  guttata  Williamsiana 
is  an  evergreen  plant  like  the  typical  form  in  its 
manner  of  growth,  but  more  compact.  It  has  stems 
li  foot  high,  with  two  leaves  of  a  dark  green  colour, 
one  on  each  side.  The  flower-spike  proceeds  from 
the  top  after  the  growth  is  completed.  The  sepals 
and  petals  are  of  a  dull  purple  colour  faintly  itiiped 
towards  the  margin,  or  in  some  cases  spotted  with 
deep  purple  ;  the  lip  is  pale  rosy-lilac  with  a  very  dark 
rosy-purple  front  lobe.  It  blooms  in  June  and  July, 
and  lasts  for  some  time  in  beauty.  This  plant  re- 
quires the  same  treatment  as  the  species  itself,  that  is, 
it  should  be  kept  in  the  Cattleya-house,  under  pot 
culture,  with  good  drainage,  in  a  compost  of  peat, 
sphagnum  and  moss.  This  class  of  Cattleyas  requires 
to  be  well  grown,  and  never  allowed  to  shrivel, 
either  in  the  stem  or  foliage,  for  if  either  of 
those  parts  should  fall  a  victim  to  neglect  in 
this  respect  the  possibility  is  that  they  will  fail 
to  get  over  it.  They  must  never  be  disturbed 
excepting  when  they  require  fresh  potting,  or  need 
fresh  material  about  the  roots,  for  they  cannot  endure 
to  have  bad  sour  material  about  them ;  it  must 
always  be  sweet  and  fresh.  The  plants  should  never 
be  cut  unless  they  are  in  vigorous  health.  If  it  is 
required  to  increase  them,  care  should  be  taken  in 
performing  this  operation,  to  leave  two  or  three  old 
bulbs  as  well  as  the  new  growth.  We  find  it  better 
to  cut  them  partly  through,  and  when  they  begin  to 
make  growth  the  rhizomes  may  be  cut  asunder,  but 
even  then  it  will  be  better  to  leave  the  plant  intact 
until  the  next  season,  and  then  to  separate  the  parts 
just  as  they  are  beginning  to  make  their  growth,  but 
with  much  caution,  so  that  the  roots  may  not  be 
injured.  After  this  pot  them,  but  do  not  put  them 
into  large  pots,  as  they  do  not  need  it.  Over-potting 
is  dangerous  in  the  case  of  these  plants,  for  they  do 
not  require  more  material  about  them  than  just 
enough  to  keep  them  firm  in  the  pot.  Some  lumps 
of  charcoal  intermixed  with  the  peat  will  be  beneficial 
to  them,  as  it  serves  to  keep  the  material  open,  and, 
moreover,  the  roots  will  be  benefited  by  it.  Onhul 
Album. 

Odontoglossum  crispum. 

In  reading  the  remarks  of  your  correspondent, 
Mr.  O'Brien,  on  the  variableness  of  Odontoglossum 
ciispum,  I  observe  that  he  places  a  great  deal  of  im- 
portance on  insect  fertilisation.  While  admitting  that 
this  factor  is  not  to  be  overlooked,  I  think  we  might 
with  advantage  enquire  after  the  companions  the  so- 
called  good  and  bad  varieties  keep.  We  should 
endeavour  to  find  out  the  so-called  species  of  Odonto- 
glots  that  grow  in  company  with  the  varieties  of 
O.  crispum.  It  is  very  possible  that  the  character  of 
the  neighbouring  species  may  account  to  a  great 
extent  for  one  locality  being  stocked  with  poor,  or 
small-flowered  and  strong  growing  varieties,  while 
another  locality  has  large-flowered  and  strong  growing 
varieties. 

Considering  the  abundance  of  plants  and  bad 
varieties  as  in  one  locality,  it  would  not  be  out  of 
place  to  suggest  that  O.  ciispum  has  for  companions 
some  sptcies  that  readily  cross-fertilise,  and  that  the 
seeds  when  matured  proved  very  fertile.  In  all 
possibility  O.  odoratum  or  O.  gloriosum  is  the  male 
parent  of  many  of  the  narrow  reflexed  petalled  cris- 
pums.  On  the  other  hand,  the  fact  of  finer  flowered 
and  stronger  growing  varieties  being  located  by  them- 
selves, and  thinly  distributed,  may  be  accounted  for 
by  species  growing  in  company  with  O.  crispum  not 
crossing  so  freely,  and,  consequently,  fewer  fully 
developed  seeds  being  produced,  hence  fewer  plants 
of  the  finer  varieties  are  found  in  their  native  habitat. 
Many  ci  the  finer  varieties  of  O.  crispum  have  a  strong 
resemblance  to  the  O.  luteopurpurcum  section  in 
some  of  their  parts.  Believing  that  both  good  and 
bad  varieties  are  more  or  less  dependent  upon  insect 
fertilisation  for  the  reproduction  of  matured  seeds,  if 
plants  were  overcrowded  in  their  native  habitat  so  as 
to  starve  them  in  their  growth  that  would  account  for 
the  poor  inflorescence  at  first,  and  likewise  the  thinly 
grown  plants  would  produce  the  fine  flowers  seen  by 


the  collectors,  and  for  a  time  after  being  imported. 
But  how  would  the  two  sections  compare  with  each 
other  after  being  cultivated  at  home  for  some  years 
side  by  side  ?  7.  //.  A. 

Dendrobiu>i  speciosum. 
I  have  a  plant  of  this  very  shy  blooming  Dendrobe 
with  eleven  spikes,  fully  developed,  and  averaging 
I  foot  long.  I  learn  from  my  gardener  that  the  plant 
has  not  flowered  for  four  years.  I  succeeded  in  getting 
vigorous  growths  in  the  early  season.  In  June  it  was 
stood  on  a  brick  wall  (due  south),  and  the  hot  summer 
we  had  nearly  baked  it.  During  September  it  was 
placed  in  an  early  vinery  which  was  at  rest.  Nothing 
more  was  thought  of  it  among  the  generality  of  resting 
cool  plants  that  happened  to  be  placed  there.  Hap- 
pening one  morning  to  look  at  it  I  found  it  pushing 
vigorous  flower-spikes,  which  I  allowed  to  grow  on 
in  the  same  house,  and  am  now  rewarded  with  a 
grand  display  of  this  fragrant  species.  The  plant  is 
now  in  a  night  temperature  of  55°.  I  have  other  plants 
of  this  variety  which  I  hope  to  succeed  with,  as  they 
are  showing  well,  and  promise  a  nice  display  in  due 
course.    Thomas  Gair.e/I,  CavcnJiih  Gardens,  S.  IV, 


EARTHING-UP. 

The  ridge,  consisting  of  earth  heaped  round  the 
base  of  the  plant,  exercises  very  diverse  actions  ; 
often  useful,  it  is  sometimes  without  sensible  action 
— occasionally  the  elTect  is  even  hurtful. 

The  practice  considerably  modifies  the  physical 
constitution  of  the  soil ;  it,  moreover,  exercises  a  very 
important  influence  on  the  manner  of  growth  of 
plants. 

The  temperature  in  the  raised  mound,  as  compared 
to  the  temperature  of  the  level  ground,  has  been 
found  greater  by  1°  to  2°.  5  C.  at  mid-day  at  a  depth  of 
10  centimetres  during  the  day  from  June  to  August  ; 
this  fact  has  been  proved  in  various  soils.  At  night, 
on  the  contrary,  the  temperature  has  been  found  to  be 
i"  lower  in  the  ridges.  During  winter  it  is  generally 
the  raised  soil  which  is  coldest. 

Generally,  when  the  sun  is  shining,  the  ridge  aids 
the  heating  of  the  soil  ;  when  the  sun  has  set,  the 
ridge  produces  a  cooling  effect.  These  results  are 
easy  to  explain  :  the  ridged  soil  offers  a  greater  surface 
to  the  sun,  it  receives  the  rays  less  obliquely,  the  soil 
there  is  very  dry,  and  it  takes  a  less  quantity  of  heat  to 
warm  it  ;  thus  it  is  natural  that  it  should  be  warmer 
during  the  day  ;  during  the  night,  on  the  contrary,  the 
radiating  surface  is  greater  on  the  ridge,  it  is  more 
mellow,  more  easily  penetrated  by  the  cold  air ;  if 
there  has  been  rain,  the  surface  of  evaporation  is  more 
extended  the  temperature  necessarily  falls  lower  there 
than  in  the  level  soil. 

This  increase  in  the  temperature  of  the  soil  re-acts 
on  the  plants  by  aiding  the  development  of  roots,  by 
favouring  the  absorption  of  water,  and  generally  by 
hastening  their  development.  Experiments  have 
shown  that  the  more  carbonic  acid  there  is  in  the  soil 
the  colder  it  is  ;  now  the  presence  of  carbonic  acid 
proves  the  existence  of  inferior  organisms  whose  work 
it  is  to  elaborate  the  organic  matter  which  forms 
the  nourishment  of  plants  :  it  is  thus  in  the  ridges 
that  the  plants  find  most  food.  But,  it  must  not 
be  forgotten  that  these  inferior  organisms  only  work 
when  the  soil  contains  exactly  the  proper  amount  of 
water  which  is  indispensable  to  them  ;  if  the  soil  is  too 
dry  their  work  stops. 

If  by  earthing  up  we  dry  the  soil  too  much  we 
lessen  or  even  destroy  its  fertility,  and  this  explains 
to  us  why  this  practice  may  even  become  injurious. 
During  one  season  the  quantity  of  water  existing 
in  different  sorts  of  soil,  both  in  ridges  and  on  the  flat, 
was  determined.  One  hundred  parts  of  soil  contained 
of  water — 


it  loses  the  greatest  proportion  of  water,  so  that  it  is 
in  this  kind  of  soil  that  the  disadvantageous  results 
are  chiefly  manifested. 

To  sum  up,  the  ridge  will  be  useful  on  compact 
soils,  rich  in  humus,  holding  water,  and  situate  in 
moist  climates  ;  while  in  dry  regions  cultivation 
should  be  carried  on  on  the  flat. 

NVe  have  said  that  the  ridge  exercises  a  very 
important  action  on  the  manner  of  development  of 
plants.  On  many  species  of  plants,  in  addition  to 
favouring  the  development  of  true  roots,  it  promotes 
the  development  of  adventitious  or  secondary  roots  ; 
this  may  be  seen  in  kidney  Beans,  broad  Beans,  and 
in  Turnips.  Some  species  have  not  the  power  of 
making  adventitious  roots.  Grasses,  for  example,  as 
Wheat,  Rye,  Barley,  Oats,  Millet,  Buckwheat,  do 
not  form  new  roots.  [?J  Such  plants  do  not  require 
the  earth  to  be  heaped  up  round  their  stem.  There 
are  even  plants  which  are  enfeebled  by  this  treat- 
ment, because  it  causes  an  unnecessary  lengthen- 
ing of  their  stem,  as  in  those  plants  in  which  the 
stem  terminates  at  the  surface  of  the  soil  in  a 
rosette  of  leaves.  If  you  put  earth  on  such  a  stem 
you  induce  it  to  elongate  so  as  to  produce  its 
leaves  on  the  surface  to  a  length  equal  to  the  depth 
of  the  soil  over  it,  and  this  lengthening  is  elTected  at 
the  expense  of  the  materials  which  were  destined  to 
develope  the  other  organs  of  the  plant.  Some  very 
interesting  comparisons  have  been  made  between 
Beetroots  grawn  under  identical  conditions,  with  the 
exception  that  one  lot  was  grown  on  ridges  and  the 
other  was  not.  The  average  for  one  Beetroot  is 
found  to  be  : — 


Ridge. 

Weight  of  tlie  leaves        359 

„     „    ..    radicles        '  92 

r^xi' {      507  6 

whole  plant  ..         ..         875.8 


On  ridges 
On  the  flat 


43-99  I  17-74 
51.64  ;  20.01 


This  table  clearly  shows  that  the  soil  of  the  ridge  is 
always  the  drier;  but  it  is  in  the  siliceous  sand  that 


The  ridge  produces  a  diminution  in  the  numbers  of 
the  leaves  and  in  the  development  of  radicles ;  it 
promotes  lengthening  above  the  ground,  and  with 
this  lengthening  of  the  stem  there  is  a  corresponding 
diminution  of  the  underground  and  useful  part  of  the 
plant.  Evidently  the  ridge  had  lessened  the  total 
weight  of  the  plant  and  the  weight  of  the  under- 
ground and  utilisable  parts. 

In  the  case  of  Turnips,  it  may  be  noticed  that 
the  ridge  prevents  the  crown  from  becoming  green, 
so  that  it  remains  tender  and  preserves  the  texture  of 
the  root ;  this  latter  is  a  great  advantage  in  a  plant 
used  for  food  for  cattle. 

The  riJge  is  greatly  used  in  the  culture  of 
Potatos  ;  it  produces  such  marked  results  that 
the  tuber  is  planted  almost  on  the  surface  ;  but 
if  the  Potatos  are  planted  deep  the  ridge  is 
of  no  use,  and  is  even  often  hurtful  to  the 
plant.  In  those  kinds  of  soil  where  ridges  produce 
bad  results,  because  they  draw  from  the  soil  the 
humidity  which  is  indispensable,  the  tubers  must  be 
planted  deeply,  and  allowed  to  develope  in  level 
ground.  Let  us  remark  here  that  the  culture  on  the 
fiat  will  slightly  favour  the  growth  of  weeds,  on 
account  of  the  maintenance  of  too  great  an  amount  of 
moisture  in  the  soil ;  but  these  can  easily  be  got  rid 
of  with  the  hoe. 

With  the  greater  number  of  plants  for  which  the 
ridge  is  useful,  it  is  important  to  hoe  the  weeds  as 
soon  as  possible  ;  if  we  wait  too  long  we  risk  touching 
and  injuring  the  plants.  In  growing  old  they  have 
partly  lost  their  faculty  of  forming  adventitious  roots, 
and  they  profit  much  more  from  the  work  of  new 
roots  than  from  those  which  were  formed  earlier. 
With  Potatos  the  tubers  which  are  developed  on  the 
new  stolons  have  more  time  to  ripen. 

We  have  see  that  the  soil  is  drier  in  ridged  land 
than  in  the  plain  ground,  it  would  therefore  be  useful 
to  sow,  in  certain  lands,  plants  on  the  ridges, 
although  these  plants  do  not  derive  any  direct 
advantage  from  it,  for  example.  Beetroots.  The 
ridges  running  north  and  south  have  a  much  more 
uniform  temperature  than  those  going  from  east 
to  west  ;  the  south  side  is  always  drier  than 
the  north  side.  The  ridges  directed  from  north  to 
south  exhibit  great  uniformity  in  the  evaporation  of 
water  from  both  their  surfaces ;  it  is  evident  that  these 
are  conditions  favo'zrable  for  the  development 
of  plants.  Some  Beetroots  from  ridges  running 
north  and  south  were  ripe  in  September,  those  from 
ridges   running  east   and   west   were  only   ready  in 


7i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  5.   18S?. 


October,  the  'former  contained  12.25  per  cent,  of 
sugar,  the  latter  10.62  per  cent.  Dr.  Wollnv  vi 
Aniiales  Agrcitoniiqiies. 


NOTES    ON    SHRUBS. 

A  vagabond's  notes  on  this  head,  chiefly  sug- 
gested by  walks  about  Exeter,  may  be  pardoned  if 
regarded  as  a  well  intended  effort  to  gather  moss. 
Those  who  have  seen  Algerian  or  Levantine  gardens 
—or,  indeed,  any  garden  by  the  side  of  the  sunny 
Mediterranean— will  probably  have  kindly  remin- 
iscences of  large  Rosemary  bushes- 

"  There's  Rosemary,— that's  for  remembrance  !  " 

'Pis  a  pity  that  we  cannot  have  in  "our  tight  little 
island,"  on  account  of  Jack  Frost's  envious  scythe— 
the  Nemesis  of  flourishing  tender  plants— thick  shrub- 
like growth  of  the  Rosemary.  A  tolerable  make- 
shift, as  far  as  foliage  is  concerned,  is  supplied  in 
Silix  rosmarinifolia,  which,  owing  to  the  silvery 
reverse  of  the  leaves,  is  an  uncommon  pretty  thing, 
whether  worked  as  a.  standard  or  as  a  bush.  The 
(act  that  it  is.  so  seldom  seen  in  shrubberies  in 
the  precincts  of  houses  is  painfully  suggestive  of 
ignorance  of  our  native  shrubs.  [A  doubtful  native 
this.  Ed.]  Under  a  south  wall,  if  possible  in 
the  east  corner,  few  South  Coast  horticulturists 
need  hesitate  about  planting  out  that  old  favourite, 
Erythrina  cris'a-galli.  Flowers  ate  not  so  common 
out-of-doors  in  September  that  we  can  dispense  with 
one  so  floriferous.  The  chief  raisoii  d'etre  of  an 
Orchid  maniac  is  the  strangeness  and  beauty  of  the 
flowers,  since  the  bilious  hue  of  the  leaves  can  delight 
nobody.  Even  so  the  nurseryman  ought  to  try  and 
spread  for  their  own  benefit  the  open-air  cultivation 
of  the  Erythrinas,  and  not  be  so  constant  in  the 
recommendation  of  small  Conifers.  The  sight  of 
Cupressus  erecta  viridis  standing  on  a  grass-plot  too 
small  for  tennis,  like  a  stuffed  sentinel,  will  soon  be- 
come distasteful  even  to  the  jobbing  gardener. 

Two  other  shrubs  I  saw  out  in  Exeter  were  Ber- 
beridopsis  corallina  and  Eurya  latifolia  variegata. 
The  latter  never  attains  the  same  splendid  colouring 
as  in  heat,  and  I  would  far  rather  risk  in  sheltered 
positions  Clethra  arborea,  named  popularly  the 
"  Lily-of-the- Valley  Tree,"  and  which  is  truly  a 
gladdening  thing  of  beauty. 

BiTTON. 

As  distances  are  considered  in  England  it  is  a  good 
way  from  Exeter  to  Canon  Ellacombe's  garden  at 
Bitton.  But  even  there,  as  a  goodly  number  of  your 
readers  will  know  to  their  pleasure,  there  is  a  wealth 
of  shrubs  uncommon  on  account  of  supposed  tender- 
ness, or  neglect  only  explainable  from  the  narrow 
groove  in  which  the  minds  of  many  professional  gar- 
deners are  wont  to  move.  This  contentedness  with  a 
byegone  and  at  one  time  almost  stereotyped  form  of 
shrubbery  planting,  principally  consisting  of  Yews 
and  Laurels,  is  rapidly  fleeting  by,  and  side  by  side 
with  the  great  and  indubitable  progress  in  fruit  cul- 
ture can  often  be  found  a  greater  enlistment  of 
beautiful  shrubs  and  plants  into  shrubberies,  and 
greater  care  taken  to  get  them  established  and  kept 
prosperous.  Suitable  subjects  for  shrubbery  planting, 
which  may,  one  and  all,  be  called  neglected  of  the 
many,  and  which  occur  to  me  without  reference  to 
notes,  may  be  mentioned  in  Clerodendron  trichoto- 
mum,  Chamrerops  excelsa,  Elsagnus  macrophyllus, 
Aralia  japonica,  CratKgus  Lelandi,  Cotoneasters 
Hookeri  and  frigida,  and  Cercis  siliquastruni. 

Canon  Ellacombe  will  perhaps  tell  you,  if  you  are 
fortunate  enough  to  have  him  as  guide  over  his  small 
parcel  of  ground,  "  You  must  expect  to  see  weeds 
and  shrubs."  A  giant  Equisetum  was  the  first  weed 
that  obtruded  itself  into  notice.  A  bright  and 
graceful  cynosure  it  was,  and  one  which  the  Canon 
himself,  despite  its  great  and  troublesome  reproductive 
faculty,  would  be  loth  to  lose  from  the  side  of  Col- 
chicum  speciosum  rubrum,  grandest  of  its  tribe.  The 
two  formed  a  combination  capable  of  adding  a  fresh 
beauty  to  any  border,  be  it  never  so  select.  Such 
combinations  form  the  particular  charm  of  this 
garden.  The  beautiful  undergrowth  of  Cyclamen  in 
the  beds  on  the  grass  lawn  has  been  there  for  sixty 
years.  The  trouble  of  naturalisation  was  no  doubt 
immense,  but  now  there  is  the  minimum  of  labour 
and  a  result  as  exquisite  as  can  well  be  cherished. 
Why  should  not  not  more  take  the  same  trouble, 
instead  of  spending  money  on  the  protection  of 
perishable  Pelargoniums  ?  C.  A.  M.  C, 


NOVELTIES    FOR    i8S6. 

The  plants  figured  on  this  page,  from  blocks 
kindly  lent  by  Messrs.  Haage  &  Schmidt,  Erfurt, 
will  be  found  useful  subjects  in  the  hands  of  the  culti- 
vator  who  has  an   eye   for    the   beautiful  amongst 


flowers  of  this  Borage-wort  appear  in  racemes  on 
an  elongating  spikes  like  those  of  the  Phacelias  ;  the 
bushy  plants  keeping  up  a  constant  succession  of 
bloom  throughout  the  season,  present  with  their 
white  flowers  a  charming  aspect. 

Humtilu!  japonicus,  Sieb.  at  Zucc.  (fig.  161). — A 
new  annual  Hop  from  Japan,  which  has  proved  in 
our  hands  to  be  a  very  ornamental  and  extremely 
fast  growing  climbing  plant.  The  foliage  resembles 
in  shape  that  of  the  common  Hop  (H.  lupulus),  but 
having  more  incisions,  is  very  dense  and  of  a  lively 
green  ;  stems  and  leaves  are  somewhat  rough  and 
hairy.  The  principal  and  most  valuable  feature  of 
this  new  climbing  plant  is  that  it  can  be  sown  in  the 
open  ground  in  spring,  and  that  it  attains  enormous 
dimensions  in  a  very  short  time.  Undoubtedly  one 
of  the  best  climbers  for  covering  verandahs,  trellis, 
&c.,  never  suffering  from  the  heat  or  being  injured  by 
insects  like  so  many  other  climbing  plants,  but  re- 
taining its  fresh  and  lively  green  colour  until  late  in 
the  autumn. 


plants  not  included  amongst  florists'  flowers  par  excel- 
lence. We  append  the  descriptions  of  the  plants 
found  in  the  catalogue  of  the  before-mentioned 
firm  :  — 

Phaccha  Farryi,  Torr.  (fig.  I59).-A  truly  magnifi- 


160.— ERITSICHIU 


cent  new  annual  from  California,  of  branching  habit, 
and  I  to  i^  foot  in  height  ;  leaves  ovate,  irregularly 
doubly-toothed  or  laciniate  ;  hirsute,  bright  green  ; 
racemes  loose,  elongated  ;  flowers  circular,  |  inch  in 
diameter,  of  a  lovely  purplish-violet  colour,  with  five 


A    COMMON    EDIBLE    FUNGUS. 

Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  infundibuliformis, 
Schcsffer.—'Vhxs  is  an  extremely  common  fungus,  white 
or  pallid  in  all  its  parts.  It  grows  amongst  grass, 
&c.,  \>y  palhs  and  cf  en  places  in  woods. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  162)  shows  a 
mature  and  full  grown  example  natural  size,  with  a 
section  at  the  base.  The  cap  or  pileus  is  thin,  but 
somewhat  fleshy,  as  shown  by  the  section  ;  it  is  soft, 
not  harsh  or  brittle,  the  outer  surface  is  clothed  with 
minute  silky  down.  At  first  the  cap  is  convex  and 
umbonate  (i.e.,  with  a  central  boss  or  projection), 
but  it  soon  htcomes  Junnel  shaped  2ini  flaccid,  as  here 
illustrated.  The  stem  is  thin,  soft,  and  stuffed— Jir., 
neither  hollow  nor  decidedly  solid,  and  generally 
slightly  thickened  towards  the  base.  The  gills  are 
moderately  distant,  and  strongly  decurrent—i.e.,  they 
run  down  the  stem.  Spores  white.  The  odour  is 
pleasant  and  fungoid.     Fries  says  "  Oioi  grains." 

The  sub-generic  name,  Clitocybe,  is  derived  from 
«\iT(is,  a  declivity,  and  ki'/Stj,  the  head,  in  reference 
to  the  outer  surface  of  the  funnel-shaped  cap;  in- 
fundibuliformis has  a  similar  meaning,  viz.,  funnel- 
shaped.  Agaricus  infundibuliformis,  is  a  close  ally  to 
A.  odorus,  described  on  p.  620.  With  common 
care  the  fungus  before  us  cannot  be  mistaken  for  any 
other  species  ;  it  is  perfectly  safe  eating  and  very 
delicate  and  tender.  It  may  be  cooked  in  the  same 
way  as  Agaricus  procerus,  (see  p.  650).  A  very 
curious  variety  of  A.  infundibuliformis,  first  detected 
as  British  by  myself,  and  named  A.  membranaceus, 
Fries,  is  sometimes  found  in  Pine  woods.  Original 
coloured  drawings  of  both  type  and  variety  may  be 
consulted  in  the  department  of  botany  —  British 
Museum,  South  Kensington.  W.  G.  Smith,  DunslabU. 


pure  white  spots  at  their  base,  similar  to  the  P. 
campanularia  introduced  last  year,  but  surpassing  the 
latter  by  its  greater  abundance  of  bloom. 

Eritrkhiitm  Barbigertim,  Gray  (fig.  160).— A 
pretty  and  extremely  free  flowering  hardy  annual  of 
dwarf  spreading  habit  with  pure  white  Forget-me-not 
like  flowers  and  linear-oblong,   hirsute  leaves.     The 


FOr^ESTI^Y. 


WORK  FOR  DECEMBER. 
Few  things  in  connection  with  an  estate  are 
so  useful  as  a  plentiful  supply  of  well-seasoned, 
home-grown  timber,  and  as  the  present  season  is  just 
the  time  for  providing  it,  every  opportunity  should 
be  taken  during  stormy  weather,  when  planting 
operations  are  suspended,  for  laying  by  a  slock,  more 
especially  on  such  estates  as  are  provided  with  that 
invaluable  adjunct,  a  saw-mill.  It  is  well  to  remember 
that  the  lasting  quality  of  timber  and  its  conse- 
quent value  is  much  enhanced  when  the  trees  are 
cut  up  a  season  before  being  used,  as  by  this  means 
it  has  time  to  get  well  seasoned,  and  when  regularly 
tarred  or  painted  it  lasts  much  longer  than  when  con- 
verted in  a  green  state,  its  lasting  qualities  in  that 
stage  being  considerably  deteriorated,  and  conse- 
quently unfairly  represented.  Fencing  materials  of 
all  kinds— posts,  rails,  boarding,  stays  ;  also  wood 
for  gate-making,  for  repairing  tool  and  other  sheds, 
drain-soles,  &c.— should  be  cut  up  and  stored  away  in 
a  cool,    airy  building,  until  wanted  for  use. 

Seasoning. 
As  the  seasoning  of  timber  both  before  and  after 
conversion  by  the  saw  is  of  the  greatest  importance, 
and  well  deserving  of  our  most  serious  attention,  we 
would  strongly  urge  on  those  who  have  the  charge  of 
such  work  to  see  that  it  is  done  in  a  way  in  which  the 
preservation  of  the  timber  is  most  efficacious.  Both  a 
natural  and  artificial  method  of  timber-seasoning  is 
now  in  use,  natural  by  allowing  the  sap  to  evaporate 


December  5,   18S5.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


717 


of  its  own  accord,  and  artificial  by  the  extracting  of 
the  sap  by  an  air-pump  and  by  the  application 
of  heat.  As  the  former  method  is  that  generally 
adopted  on  estates,  and  perhaps  the  best,  certainly 
the  cheapest,  we  will  briefly  direct  attention  to  one  or 
two  ways  which  have  been  found  practicable  on  various 
estates,  and  which  may,  therefore,  be  judiciously 
extended  wherever  home-grown  wood  is  in  request. 
Fell  the  timber  at  any  time  between  the  end 
of  September  and  the  beginning  of  April,  and  leave 
it  fully  exposed  to  light  and  air  for  at  least 
eighteen  months  or  two  years,  after  which  it 
may  be  sawn  into  boards,  planks,  or  fencing 
material,  and  stored  away  in  a  dry,  airy  shed,  great 
care  being  taken  not  to  allow  the  planks  to  lie  too 
close,  but  to  have  a  free  passage  of  air  circulating 
amongst  them.  After  six  or  eight  months  they  will 
be  ready  for  use.  Another,  and  perhaps  simpler 
method,  and  one  that  is  very  generally  adopted,  is  to 
cut  the  timber  as  soon  as  felled  into  logs,  which  are 
stored  in  a  dry,  airy  shed  for  a  year  or  two  before 
being  sawn  into  boarding.  Larch  fencing  posts  may 
also  be  cut  up  when  in  a  green  state  and  stacked  for 
a  year  or  so  before  use  ;  when  thus  treated  they  are 
exceedingly   durable  and   capable   of    resisting    the 


inured  to  their  breezy  high-lying  situation  than  those 
of  larger  size.  Where  the  soil  is  of  average  quality 
the  kinds  of  plants  best  adapted  for  hillside  planting 
are  the  Corsican,  Austrian,  and  Scotch  Pines  ;  while 
amongst  hardwoods,  the  Sycamore,  Birch,  and  Moun- 
tain Ash  are  invaluable.  Larch  should  also  form  the 
major  portion  of  the  crop. 

The  Corsican  Pine. 
Last  week  I  examined  a  30  acre  plantation  at  700 
feet  altitude  on  the  Snowdon  range  that  was  formed  six 
years  ago,  and  was  certainly  pleased  to  find  how  well 
the  Corsican  Pine,  which  was  planted  as  standards  at 
16  feet  apart  all  through,  had  thriven — better  far  than 
either  the  Scotch  or  Austrian.  Even  on  the  most  ex- 
posed sites  and  where  fully  exposed  to  our  much- 
dreaded  south-west  gales  this  Pine  is  quite  at  home, 
rising  witlp  clear,  straight  stems  and  not  a  branch 
shrinking  or  bending  from  the  blast.  Altogether  this 
is  a  most  valuable  tree  for  general  forest  planting,  and 
one  which,  from  our  rather  wide  experience  of  it,  can 
be  thoroughly  recommended  as  a  first-class  introduc- 
tion in  the  formation  of  new  woods.  As  it  is  rabbit- 
proof,  or  almost  so,  its  value  as  a  forest  tree  in 
game-infested   districts  is    enhanced.     Where  slit  or 


Fig.  162.— edible  fungus,  clitocvbe  infundibuliformis.    (see  f.  716.) 


Buckthorn,  Tamatibk,  various  kinds  of  Euonymus, 
Cotoneasters,  Arbutus,  Laurustinus,  Portugal  Laurel, 
Escallonias,  the  Minorca  Holly,  and  Aucubas  all  do 
well,  and  may  be  planted  without  the  least  reluctance 
or  fear  of  harm. 

Timber  Prices. 
The  limber  trade  is  just  now  exceptionally  dull, 
indeed  we  cannot  remember  prices  at  so  low  an  ebb, 
and  unless  for  Sycamore,  Oak,  and  Larch  there  is 
little  or  no  demand.  Boat  building  along  the  coast 
here  enhances,  however,  to  some  extent  the  prices  of 
such  timber  as  is  used  for  that  purpose — notably  Oak, 
Elm,  and  Larch  ;  but  for  general  forest  timber  and 
propwood  we  are  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  the  timber 
merchant.  Clog-making  being  carried  on  in  most 
Welsh  towns  the  price  of  Birch  and  Alder  tends  to 
keep  steady,  although  even  these  have  considerably 
declined  of  late  years.  Propwood  on  an  average  of 
6  yards  to  each  pole,  and  sawn  to  3  inches  in  diameter 
in  the  small  end,  realises  at  present  exactly  one-half 
the  price  per  yard  that  it  did  five  years  ago  ;  while 
Scotch  Fir,  Spruce,  and  the  smaller  hardwoods  can 
hardly  be  disposed  ol  at  any  price.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  prices,  such  as  are  realised  at  present  for 
timber  of  average  quality.  Oak,  Elm,  and  Larch 
being,  as  before  stated,  considerably  affected  by  local 
demand  :^ 


encroaches  of  damp  and  its  attending  consequences 
for  a  long  period.  Ringing  or  girdling  is  another 
method  of  seasoning  timber,  which  consists  of  remov- 
ing the  bark  from  around  the  bole  for,  say,  2  inches  in 
width  previous  to  felling.  This  is  usually  performed 
in  September,  and  the  following  winter  the  trees  may 
be  cut  down  and  sawn  up  at  once.  Being  somewhat 
unsightly,  more  particularly  in  park  or  road-side 
woods,  this  girdling  method  is  not  very  generally 
adopted. 

Planting. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  nights'  frost  towards 
the  middle  of  the  month,  followed  by  heavy  rain,  the 
weather  during  November  has  on  the  whole  been 
very  favourable  for  conducting  planting  operations, 
which  work  should  now  be  well  advanced,  and, 
where  only  on  a  limited  scale,  finished  as  early  as 
possible  in  December.  Where,  however,  there  is  a 
large  extent  of  planting  on  hand  it  will  be  necessary 
to  press  it  forward  during  open  and  favourable 
weather,  but  on  no  account  attempt  planting  in  frosty 
weather,  during  keen,  cold  winds,  nor  in  wet  portions 
of  the  ground. 

The  nature  of  the  ground,  the  quality  of  soil,  the 
elevation,  and  exposure,  will,  in  a  great  measure, 
dictatethe  size  and  kindsof trees  to  be  used.  For  rocky 
elevated  ground  plants  of  one  or  two  years'  growth 
will  be  found  most  suitable,  and  they  are  more  readily 


Per  cubic  foot- 
Sycamore 
Oak  (English)  .. 
Oak  (Turkish)  . . 
Elm  (Scotch)  . . 
Elm  (English)  . . 
Ash  ..»     .. 

Birch        

Alder        

Beech       .. 
Chestnut  (.Spanish) 
Chestnut  (Horse) 


notch  planting  is  adopted  be  careful  to  thoroughly 
close  the  opening  alter  the  plant's  insertion,  neglect  of 
which  has  led  to  irreparable  loss  in  mountain  planting. 
Holing  or  pitting,  although  more  expensive,  is 
decidedly  the  best  preparation  of  the  ground  previous 
to  planting,  but  only  in  low-lying  districts,  where 
large  plants  are  to  be  used  is  it  to  be  generally  recom- 
mended. The  size  of  the  pits  will,  of  course,  vary  with 
the  size  of  plants  to  be  used,  but  circular  pits  of,  say, 
2  feet  in  diameter  and  about  iS  inches  in  depth,  will 
be  sufficiently  large  for  the  general  run  of  plants. 
These,  it  may  be  well  to  state,  should  always 
be  opened  and  the  soil  left  loosely  exposed  for  some 
time  previous  to  planting,  as  by  this  means  it  will  be- 
come thoroughly  pulverised,  work  kindly,  and  be  in 
the  best  possible  condition  for  placing  around  the 
tender  rootlets  of  the  plants  In  some  cases,  such  as 
when  planting  rather  damp,  retentive  soils,  the 
process  of  planting  may  immediately  succeed  that  of 
pitting,  as  the  holes  are  apt  to  fill  with  water  :  but 
this  seldom  happens  where  thorough  drainage  has 
been  attended  to. 

Sea-side  Planting, 

For  rasisting  the  effects  o(  the  sea  blast,  we  find  the 
following  trees  of  great  value  :— Pinus  Pinaster,  P. 
Laricio,  P.  austriaca,  P.  insignis,  P.  sylvestris,  Quercus 
ilex,  the  Sycamore,  Huntingdon  Willow,  Beech,  Ash, 
and  Cupressus  macrocarpa.     Amongst  shrubs  the  Sea 


8  Hornbeam 
6  Poplar  . . 
o    Willow     . . 


Scotch  Fir 
Silver  Fir 
Corsican  Pine 


Propwood  sawn  to  3  inches  diameter  in  small  end, 
lii/.  per  lineal  yard;  firewood,  5^.  per  cartload; 
faggots,  small,  8j.  per  100 ;  faggots,  large,  los. 
per  100,  A.  D.  WebUer,  Penrhyn. 


BERRY-BEARING    PLANTS. 

(Continued  from  f.  679) 

Berberries. — Some  of  the  Berberries,  notably 
Berberis  vulgaris,  B.  aquifolia,  and  B.  stenophylla, 
are  second  to  none  in  the  brightness  and  profusion  of 
their  fruits.  Our  native  species,  B.  vulgaris,  although 
surpassed  in  beauty  of  flower  by  several  of  the  ever- 
green forms,  is,  especially  when  laden  with  its  orange- 
scarlet  fruit,  a  plant  not  to  be  despised  for  well 
chosen  portions  of  the  shrubbery.  The  purple-leaved 
variety  of  this  plant  is  both  distinct  and  beautiful, 
the  foliage  of  this,  in  spring,  is  of  a  deep  wine- 
colour,  passing  gradually  into  a  pleasant  purplish- 
green  as  the  season  advances.  B.  stenophylla, 
a  hybrid  between  B.  empetrifolia  and  B.  Dar- 
winii,  is,  when  in  the  shape  of  large  bushes,  remark- 
ably effective,  the  profusion  ol  dark  purple  berries 
preceded  by  the  pretty  yellow  flowers  rendering  this 
plant  well  adapted  for  a  front  place  in  our  grounds. 
It  is  also  perfectly  hardy— more  so,  indeed,  than  the 
favourite  B.  Darwinii — a  circumstance  which  makes 
it  specially  valuable.  Several  other  species  are  well 
worthy  of  being  largely  grown  for  both  fruit  and 
flowers,  such  as  B.  aquifolia  or  Mahonia  aquifolia,  a 
well-known  and  valuable  evergreen  species,  with 
large  ovate-lanceolate  leaves  and  terminal  racemes  of 
deliciously  scented  yellow  flowers  :  B.  Darwinii,  per- 
haps the  handsomest  in  cultivation,  with  dark  glossy 
leaves,  and  orange-yellow  flowers,  succeeded  by  a 
wealth  of  deep  purplish  berries  ;  and  B.  dulcis,  with 
coriaceous  oblong  leaves,  slender  peduncles  of  yellow 
flowers,  and  bluish-black  berries. 

Symphoric^rpus. 
The  Snowberry,  Symphoricarpus  racemosus,  with 
its  conspicuous  and  familiar  white  berries,  is  distinct, 
and  offers  a  fine  contrast  to  other  berry-bearing 
shrubs— indeed,  it  stands  almost  alone  as  the  represen- 
tative of  the  white-fruited  section.  It  is  a  common 
bush  in  English  gardens,  and  deservedly  so,  for, 
from  its  throwing  up  suckers  in  profusion  it  quickly 
forms  a  dense,  twiggy  mass,  with  small  oval  entire 
leaves,  and  racemes  of  rather  insignificant  pinky 
flowers,  which,  in  their  turn,  are  succeeded  by  the 
large  white  berries,  that  are  persistent  during  a 
greater  part  of  the  winter.  S.  vulgaris,  the  Coral 
Berry,  is  of  less  stature  than  the  former,  usually  more 
compact,  and  with  small  dark  red  berries.  The 
Wolf  Berry,  S.  occidentalis,  resembles  S.  racemosus, 
but  has  larger  flowers  and  smaller  fruit.  A  variegated 
form,  in  which  the  margins  of  the  leaves  have  a  faint 
yellow  tinge,  is  also  in  commerce. 


7ii 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[DeclMber  5,  iS 


Benthamia  fkagifera, 
wiih  its  large  scarlet  Strawberry-like  fruit,  is  another 
valuable  addition  to  our  berry-bearing  shrubs.  Un- 
fortunately, this  handsome  and  desirable  plant  is  not 
generally  hardy,  and,  unless  in  the  southern  and 
western  English  counties,  will  not  survive  our  severer 
winters.  In  the  South  o(  Ireland  it  withstood  unin- 
jured the  severe  winter  of  1S79  So,  which  induces  us 
to  believe  that  there  are  many,  especially  maritime, 
situations  where,  with  a  little  care  in  the  selection  of 
suitable  sites,  it  would  be  quite  at  home.  The  fruits, 
about  the  size  of  large  Walnuts,  are  of  a  dark  red 
colour,  and  being  distasteful  to  birds,  not  unfre- 
quently  remain  on  the  tree  till  spiing.  It  is  a  native 
of  Nepal. 

COLUTEA  AREORESCENS, 

the  Bladder  Senna,  a  native  of  Southern  Europe,  has 
long  been  known  in  linglish  gardens  as  a  species  of 
rapid  growth,  the  easiest  culture,  and  a  desirable 
acquisition  whether  in  flower  or  fruit.  From  irid- 
summer  onwarjs-indeed,  until  frosts  set  in— the 
yellow  pea-shaped  flowers  are  produced  in  abundance, 
these  being  succeeded'  by  large  red  bladder-like  pods, 
which  impart  an  interesting  and  by  no  means  common 
aspect  to  the  plant.  It  is  of  the  easiest  culture,  any 
soil  seeming  to  suit  it  well  if  not  overcharged  with 
moisture.  [It  does  well  in  the  smokiest  localities. 
Ed.] 

Pyrus. 

In  the  genus  Pyrus  are  several  highly  ornamental 
berry-bearing  shrubs  or  small  trees,  of  which  the  White 
Beam  tree,  P.  aria,  P.  domestica,  P.  malus,  P.  pruni- 
folia,  P.  torminalis,  and  our  well-known  Rowan 
Tree,  or  Mountain  Ash,  P.  aucuparia,  may  be  con- 
sidered the  most  desirable.  When  loaded  with  its 
abundance  of  scarlet  berries  in  autumn  the  latter  is 
highly  attractive,  and  forms  a  most  conspicuous  object 
in  the  landscape  ;  indeed,  in  this  respect  its  merits 
are  not  half  appreciated,  for  it  is  more  frequently 
found  in  out-of-the-way  places  than  gracing  with  its 
distinct  foliage,  and  large,  dense  corymbs  of  white 
flowers,  well  chosen  spots  in  our  gardens  and  parks. 
The  White  Beam  tree,  although  closely  resembling  the 
Mountain  Ash,  is  nevertheless  perfectly  distinct,  the 
leaves  being  light  green  above  and  downy  underneath, 
which  latter  gives  to  the  tree  a  peculiar  and  distinct 
appearance  when  agitated  by  the  wind.  When 
covered  with  its  red  or  scarlet  Iruit  this  tree  is  very 
ornamental,  but  unfortunately  these  are  so  relished  by 
birds  that  they  rarely,  unless  in  extremely  mild 
seasons,  remain  for  any  length  of  time  after  becoming 
ripe.  The  rich  yellow,  rosy-cheeked  fruits  of  Pyrus 
or  Cydonia  Maulei  renders  it  a  very  attractive  autumn 
plant,  whether  used,  as  it  frequently  is,  for  hedges,  or 
standing  singly  in  sheltered  portions  of  the  garden. 

OSTRVA  CARPINIFOLIA. 

The  Hop  Hornbeam,  with  its  Hop-like  calkins, 
has  a  very  singular  and  pretty  appearance,  and  is 
decidedly  an  ornamental  tree  that  is  well  worthy  of 
extended  cultivation  in  this  country.  Hop  Horn- 
beam, the  popular  name,  is  given  by  reason  of  the 
singular  resemblance  that  exists  between  the  female 
catkins  and  those  of  the  Hop,  and  between  the  ovate- 
cordate  leaves  and  those  of  the  Hornbeam  (Carpinus). 

As  regards  soil  this  pretty  and  distinct  tree — for 
under  favourable  circumstances  it  attains  the  height 
of  our  common  Hornbeam— is  by  no  means  difHcuIt 
to  please,  and  will  be  found  to  succeed  well  in  most 
situations  where  not  too  exposed.  O.  virginica, 
from  North  America,  is  of  similar  appearance  to  the 
latter,  but  does  not  attain  to  so  large  a  size,  and  being 
somewhat  tender  in  most  parts  of  England  is  rarely 
seen  in  good  form.  A.  D.  H'cbilcr. 

i.Ta  he  c,v,l,-.,„.;l) 


most  successfully  carried  out,  and  it  expressly  state; 
that  success  can  only  be  assured  on  grass  land  where 
the  cow  can  crop  her  own  provisions,  and  her  rations 
have  not  to  be  expensively  produced  by  spade  labour. 
The  author  does  not  mix  up  this  business  of  cow- 
keeping  wiih  the  vexed  question  of  small  holdings. 
He  simply  reports  that  he  has  discovered  no 
examples  of  successful  cow-keeping  by  labourers  on 
arable  land,  while  in  the  case  of  pastures  they  abound, 
the  essential  elements  of  success  being  grass  land, 
and  a  knowledge  of  dairying  among  the  female 
members  of  the  labourers'  families.  The  best 
examples  of  the  system  are  in  Cheshire,  while  in 
the  dry  eastern  counties  there  are  few.  Lord  Tolle- 
mache's  estate  in  Cheshire  boasts  of  260  rustic 
labourers,  each  keeping  a  cow,  which,  by  his  pro- 
vidence, has  now  become  a  hereditary  virtue  ;  he 
purchases,  sometimes  with  money  partly  borrowed, 
and  insures  in  admirably  managed  cow-clubs.  The 
whole  system,  as  organised  on  this  and  some  other 
estates,  together  with  its  admirable  influence  on  the 
labourers,  and  the  increased  comforts  they  enjoy,  are 
described  in  detail.  But  it  must  not  be  imagined 
that  every  labourer  can  keep  a  cow.  Lord  Tolle- 
mache  owns  an  estate  of  7000  acres  in  Suffolk,  and 
there  is  not  a  cow  plot  on  it  !  The  land  does  not 
lake  to  grass  kindly,  and  the  labourers'  wives  know 
nothing  about  cows.  Cow-keeping  by  labourers, 
however,  is  capable  of  great  extension  in  many  dis- 
tricts where  it  might  be  introduced,  especially  now 
that  the  breadth  of  pasture  land  is  rapidly  increasing. 
We  recommend  this  'shilling  pamphlet  to  those  who 
are  interested  in  its  subject,  and  in  increasing  the 
attractions  of  village  life. 


COW  -  KEEPING     BY     FARM 
LABOURERS. 

A  CERTAIN  sympathy  naturally  exists  between  the 
gardening  community  and  farm  labourers  because  of 
the  well-known  attachment  of  the  latter  to  their 
gardens,  and  w-e  are  pleased  to  learn  from  a 
pamphlet  before  us  that  on  some  estates  in  pastoral 
districts  farm  labourers  are  able,  not  only  to  hold 
garden  ground  to  their  great  pleasure  and  advantage, 
but  also  plots  of  pasture  sufficient  for  the  maintenance 
of  one  cow  for  each  family.  A  pamphlet  prepared  at 
the  request  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  must 
needs  differ  widely  from  some  other  discourses  which 
have  recently  been  published  on  cows  and  farm 
labourers.  It  is  the  result  of  inquiries  pur- 
sued  on   the  estates   where   cow-keeping   has   been 


ORCHIDS    AT    KNEBWORTH. 

Not  a  little  of  the  insight  that  has  tended  to  make 
the  wants  of  these  singularly  beautiful  plants  better 
understood  is  learnt  from  the  success  of  those  who 
grow  them  under  conditions  that  were  looked  upon 
as  such  as  to  make  even  their  existence  impossible. 
Especially  has  this  been  the  case  with  the  kinds  that 
it  used  to  be  considered  not  possible  to  grow  without 
the  aid  of  a  hot,  close  atmosphere  through  the  season 
of  growth,  with  a  temperature,  even  when  at  test, 
equal  to  that  of  the  hottest  parts  of  the  tropics.  A 
case  of  this  kind  recently  came  under  my  notice  at 
Knebworth,  Lord  Lytton's  beautiful  pl.ice,  near 
Stevenage,  where,  amongst  a  number  of  other  species 
grown  in  vineries,  are  some  Saccolabiums,  Vandas, 
and  Aetides,  such  as  one  might  travel  the  kingdom 
through  without  finding  their  peers.  Of  these  the 
most  remarkable  is  Saccolabium  guttatum  and  S. 
guttatum  giganteum.  The  former  has  twenty-four 
leaves  to  the  principal  growth,  fresh  and  green,  with 
numerous  roots  from  the  stem  above  the  lower  leaves. 
The  plant  has  five  strong  breaks.  S.  guttatum  gigan- 
teum, in  the  same  basket  with  it,  is  equally  strong,  but 
has  not  retained  its  bottom  leaves  quite  so  well. 
Three  specimens  of  Vanda  Roxburghii,  with  five  and 
six  growihs  in  each  basket,  unusually  large  and  strong, 
and  apparently  retaining  every  leaf  they  have  made 
since  they  came  into  the  country.  Aerides  odoratum 
purpuratum,  as  strong  and  vigorous  as  it  could  be. 
Vanda  cterulea  is  represented  by  a  specimen  with  five 
leads,  filling  the  large  basket  in  which  it  is  grown. 
The  strongest  growth  bears  twenty-two  leaves,  the 
others  a  few  less  :  the  plant  was  bearing  five  spikes 
of  bloom,  carrying  nine,  ten,  eleven,  twelve,  and  six- 
teen flowers  respectively.  This,  like  the  others,  is 
one  of  the  best  examples  I  have  met  with.  The  leaves 
are  in  perfect  condition,  in  which  they  are  seldom  seen, 
as  those  acquainted  with  Orchids  will  endorse.  The 
fact  of  the  two  V,andas  named  succeeding  under  the 
trea'  nent  is  a  matter  to  cause  less  surprise  than  the 
Saccolabiums,  which  are  usually  considered  to  require 
as  much  heat  as  any  Orchids  in  cultivation,  and  which 
have  hitherto  been  looked  on  as  incapable  of  bearing 
the  low  temperature  to  which  they  are  necessarily  here 
subjected  from  the  time  the  last  house  of  Grapes  is 
lipe  at  the  end  of  September,  until  the  end  of  Decem- 
ber, when  the  early  house  has  been  started  so  as  to 
admit  of  their  being  transferred  to  it. 

To  make  the  conditions  understood  under  which 
the  plants  have  been  grown  during  the  six  years  that 
have  elapsed  since  Lord  Lytton  sent  them  home  from 
India  it  will  be  necessary  to  say  a  word  about  the 
vineries  in  which  they  are  located.  These  are  three 
In  number,  ordinary  lean-to,  standing  under  the  full 
influence  of  the  sun,  with  nothing  to  lesse»  its  force. 
The  houses  are  woiked  so  as  to  come  in  in  succes- 


sion ;  the  first  is  started  early  in  December,  the 
second  to  give  a  supply  of  fruit  during  the  intervening 
time  between  the  earliest  being  over  and  the  last, 
which  consists  of  Muscats  and  late  black  varieties 
for  winter  use,  ripe  about  the  end  of  September.  It 
may  be  well  to  state  that  the  Vines  are  in  good  bear- 
ing condition — not  merely  Vines  in  name,  that  are 
subjected  to  the  treatment  the  Orchids  require,  but 
simply  the  reverse,  the  Orchids  having  to  put  up  with 
what  the  Vines  need.  The  late  house  was  carrying  a 
very  good  crop,  the  Muscats  especially  were  well 
done,  bearing  well-coloured  good  bunches.  As  to  the 
details  of  the  treatment  pursued,  it  will  be  best  to  let 
Mr.  Kipling,  the  gardener,  speak.  This  I  am  en- 
abled to  do  from  what  he  was  so  kind  as  to  write  in 
answer  to  a  few  questions  I  asked  him  respecting 
them,  which  my  hurried  visit  to  Knebworth  did  not 
give  me  an  opportunity  of  ascertaining  verbally. 

"  After  the  Grapes  are  ripe  the  Orchids  in  question 
remain  in  the  late  vinery,  where,  as  a  matter  of  course, 
the  regular  use  of  fire-heat  is  discontinued  from  the 
time  the  crop  is  ripe,  but  the  lowest  point  that  the 
temperature  is  intentionally  allowed  to  fall  to  is  50°. 
Occasionally  the  glass  in  the  morning  has  gone  down 
to  45°,  but  this  was  after  a  very  cold  night,  and  I 
have  taken  every  care  not  to  have  it  repeated,  for  I 
found  this  lowering  to  45°  was  what  the  Sacco- 
labiums did  not  like,  but  singulaily  enough  neither 
the  Vandas,  nor  the  Aijrides,  appeared  to  suffer 
from  it.  The  maintenance  of  a  temperature  from  50° 
to  55'  is  aimed  at,  and  to  this  they  have  been  sub- 
jected for  the  last  six  years  duiing  the  resting  months, 
and  they  are  what  you  saw  them.  They  stay  in  this 
house  till  about  the  last  week  in  December,  by  which 
time  we  have  started  our  early  vinery  some  two  or 
three  weeks  ;  and  the  nij^ht  temperature  here  will  be 
about  50'  to  55°.  Into  this  house  the  Vandas,  Sacco- 
labiums, Aeiides,  Ccelogynes,  and  some  of  the  Den- 
drobes  are  moved.  Here  they  are  kept  until  the  mid- 
season-house  affords  conditions  to  allow  of  their  being 
transferred  to  it,  and  in  this  they  remain  till  the  late 
vinery,  in  which  are  grown  Muscats  and  late  black 
kinds  is  started,  when  they  are  pat  in  it,  and  kept 
hung  up,  with  their  heads  as  much  exposed  to  the 
light  as  the  foliage  of  the  Vines  will  permit  of,  through 
the  summer,  of  course,  subject  to  the  conditions  of 
heat,  air,  and  moisture  given  to  the  Vines. 

"  During  the  time  I  have  grown  these  plants  in  the 
vineries  it  has  been  a  question  with  me  whether  what 
are  considered  to  be  the  hottest  of  the  East  Indian 
Orchids  could  not  be  induced  to  grow  and  flourish  in 
houses  and  temperatures  which  have  hitherto  been 
generally  supposed  not  suitable  for  them.  In  the 
vineries  (with  us  at  least)  they  are  subjected  to  a 
drier  and  more  airy  atmosphere  than  they  receive  in 
Orchid-houses  proper,  and  in  this,  I  think,  partly  lies 
the  elements  of  success.  Another  and  very  import- 
ant point,  and  one  I  think  which  should  not  be 
lost  sight  of,  has,  I  believe,  a  bearing  on  their  well- 
doing, namely,  all  through  January,  February,  and 
Match,  they  are  subjected  to  a  long  period  of  direct 
sunlight— feeble  sunlight,  no  doubt— yet  very  bright 
at  times  during  March.  In  April  the  Vine  leaves 
are  sufficiently  developed  to  cover  the  roof  glass,  and 
give  the  necessary  shade.  Duiing  the  exposure  to 
the  sun  the  leaves  get  quite  browned,  and  this  expo- 
sure, I  believe,  helps  to  consolidate  the  tissue  and 
fibre  of  the  leaves,  and  gives  them  that  stiff  and  rigid 
feel  in  the  hands  which  they  always  have  with  us. 
The  exposure,  I  think,  has  a  great  deal  to  do  with 
their  free  flowering. 

"  The  other  cultural  details  are  as  follows  :  —About 
March  or  April  the  baskets  are  cleared  out  without 
disturbing  the  plants.  Every  bit  of  moss,  &c,,  is 
carefully  removed  from  amongst  the  roots,  the  baskets 
are  then  thoroughly  washed  in  a  tank  of  tepid  water, 
every  bit  of  decaying  matter  being  removed  from  the 
roots.  After  this  the  baskets  are  re-filled  with  live 
sphagnum,  crocks  and  charcoal,  nothing  else  being 
used." 

A  number  of  Dendrobes  of  various  kinds,  and 
other  species  of  Orchids,  are  also  growing  thriftily,  the 
appearance  of  the  growth  showing  at  a  glance  that 
they  are  sure  to  flower  well.  These  Orchids  afford 
another  instance  in  confirmation  of  that  which  I  have 
long  urged,  that  no  one  need  hesitate  growing  many 
kinds  of  Orchids  in  houses  with  other  kinds  of  plants. 
Some  of  the  best  examples  of  hot  and  intermediate 
kinds  I  have  seen  were  grown  along  with  a  collection 
of  the  usual  stove  plants  ;  but  it  is  something  alto- 
gether new  to  find  that  the  Saccolabiums  named  can 
be  so  well  grown  in  vineries  in  the  way  described. 
T.  B. 


December  5,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


719 


jfloiiisls'    llouJiira. 


THE  AMARYLLIS. 
"  No  better  time  ihan  the  present  to  prepare  for 
the  future.  Nature  sets  us  the  example  ;  in  this  time 
of  rest  is  the  renewal  of  strength,"  This  is  the  lime  of 
rest  for  the  Ilippeastnini  family,  but  it  is  also  a  time 
in  which  the  mind  of  the  cultivator  must  be  occupied 
with  his  plants.  There  are  some  who  require  to  be 
constantly  reminded  of  their  duties  in  this  respect^ 
they  begin  to  take  an  interest  in  their  plants  when  it 
is  long  past  the  time  that  they  should  have  received 
some  little,  but  absolutely  necessary  attention.  The 
small  seedling  plants  raised  from  seeds  sown  in 
August  should  not  be  dried  ctF,  but  they  should  not 
be  grown  in  a  very  high  temperature  in  bottom-heat. 
The  pots  may  be  plunged  or  not,  and  in  either  case 
but  little  water  is  required  with  a  temperature  of  from 
50°  to  55°  at  night.  Air  may  be  admitted  freely  by 
day  when  the  weather  is  fine.  The  two-year-old 
plants,  if  they  have  been  plunged  in  the  tan  beds  so 
that  the  rim>  of  the  pots  are  below  the  surface,  will 
require  no  water  during  the  months  of  October, 
November,  December,  and  January.  They  will  not 
lose  their  leaves  quite  so  much  as  the  old  plants,  but 
all  the  outer  ones  must  be  removed  ;  a  few  of  the 
centre  ones  will  remain  on  until  the  time  of  repotting 
in  January.  The  old  flowering  bulbs  of  the  seedlings, 
or  named  varieties,  are  now  rapidly  losing  their 
leaves,  indeed,  they  will  all  be  removed  during  the 
next  week  or  ten  days.  These  old  bulbs  require 
quite  a  greenhouse  temperature  -  with  plenty  of 
air,  and  no  artificial  heat,  except  euough  to  keep 
out  the  frost.  No  water  whatever  should  be  applied 
to  them.  Our  potting  soil  has  been  prepared,  ready 
to  repot  the  plants  early  in  January.  I  fancy  that  it 
is  in  a  better  state  for  potting  when  it  has  been  mixed 
together  for  two  or  three  months  before  it  is  used  ; 
the  manure  becomes  incorporated  with  the  soil,  and  la 
that  state  is  preferable  for  potting  purposes.  The 
best  potting  soil  is  one  of  three  parts  loam,  one  of 
peat,  one  of  leaf-mould,  and  one  of  decayed  manure. 
Some  sand  should  also  be  added  to  the  compost. 
When  the  time  comes  for  repotiiog,  shake  the  old 
potting  soil  from  the  roots,  and  pot  carefully,  as  the 
roots  are  easily  injured.  The  bulbs  should  stand  up 
half  out  of  the  soil  when  the  potting  is  finished. 
Plunge  the  pots  to  the  rims  when  the  bulbs  are  all 
potted,  and  do  not  give  any  water  to  the  roots  until 
it  is  seen  that  they  have  staited  to  make  their  growth. 
The  bottom-heat  should  be  gentle  at  first  and  the 
temperature  of  the  atmosphere  about  45"  to  50"  at 
night.  J.  Dotv-las. 


Rockeries  should  !>s  put  in  order,  and  the  half- 
hardy  Ferns  protected  by  placing  round  each  leaf- 
mould  with  bracken  over,  but  by  no  means  should 
the  dead  fronds  of  the  Ferns  be  cut  o(T  or  leaves 
removed  till  spring,  as  these  alTord  great  proteclian. 
IV.  Smylhe,  Basing  Pa)k,  Alton, 


At  this  season  of  the  year  every  attention  must  be 
paid  to  neatness  and  order,  and  now  that  all  the  leaves 
are  down  from  the  trees,  the  beds  should  be  picked 
over,  and  leaves  and  rubbish  removed,  and  the  beds 
picked  over  lightly,  levelled,  and  the  soil  made  firm 
round  the  plants,  and  a  thin  layer  of  leaf-mould  or 
cocoa-nut  fibre  placed  all  over  the  bed  ;  about 
2  inches  thick  will  be  sufficient  for  the  purpose  of 
protecting  the  plant  from  frost ;  and  all  bulbs  should 
be  treated  in  the  same  way. 

Spring-flowering  plants  have  now  established  them- 
selves, and  mo5t  of  the  beds  are  well  covered. 

Shrubberies  should  have  attention,  and  such  work 
done  as  digging  them  over,  thinning,  and  transplanting 
any  shrubs  or  trees  where  required,  pruning  the  shrubs 
and  trees  when  getting  too  large,  or  crowding  others  ; 
and  cutting  out  all  dead  wood.  Hedges  should  be 
clipped,  climbers  pruned,  tied,  and  trained,  protect- 
ing any  plants  about  which  there  is  doubt  as  to  their 
hardiness,  such  as  Chamxrops  humilis  and  C.  For* 
tunei.  Bamboos,  Phormiums,  and  Aralia  Sieboldii. 

Cannas,  if  left  in  the  ground,  and  bulbs  of  Gladi- 
olus, should  be  protected  with  mounds  of  leaf-mould  ; 
a  little  bracken  or  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse,  12  to  16  inches 
thick,  placed  above  and  around  them  ;  the  Chamce- 
rops  should  have  their  leaves  tied  close  together, 
and  Fir  boughs  stuck  and  tied  round  them,  will  most 
effectually  protect  them  from  injury  by  irost. 


|laitts  and  i\\n\  tultune. 


^STOVES— TEMPERATURES. 

At  this  quiet  season  the  tempearatures  by  night  ar.d 
day  can  be  lowered  ;  where  the  usual  collection  of 
stove  plants  are  grown,  from  63°  to  65°  may  be  taken 
as  a  suitable  night  temperature,  a  lower  grade  than 
this  should  only  be  adopted  during  very  cold  or  windy 
weather,  then  it  will  be  an  advantage  to  the  plants 
in  general  by  preventing  exhaustion  by  too  much 
evaporation  by  the  overheating  of  the  pipes,  and  at 
the  same  time  save  fuel.  A  lower  temperature 
than  63° — 65°  would  in  mild  weather  be  found  in- 
sufficient to  dispel  moisture  which,  if  allowed  to  re- 
main on  the  plants  would  soon  cause  the  foliage  or 
fl  )\vers  (as  the  case  may  be)  to  suffer  ;  this  in  the 
case  of  a  low  temperature  would  be  discerned  the  first 
thing  in  the  morning,  the  plants  being  as  it  were 
bathed  in  moisture.  According  to  the  state  of  the 
weather  the  temperature  for  the  day  may  rise  5^  10°, 
or  15°,  admitting  fresh  air  when  a  rise  has  been 
obtained  but  closing  early  at  all  times.  Damp, 
ing  down  or  syrihging  must  be  done  with  discretion — 
during  dull  or  rainy  weather  but  little  will  be  neces- 
sary, a  slight  bedewing  with  the  syringe  being  suffi- 
cient, besides  sprinkling  the  floors.  If  it  is  found 
necessary  to  syringe  heavily  for  any  special  purpose, 
such  as  the  dislodgement  of  ihrips  or  fly,  then  take 
advantage  of  a  bright  day  and  have  a  little  extra 
heat  in  the  pipes  so  that  the  moisture  may  soon  be 
got  rid  of. 

Crotons  would  be  found  an  exception  to  the 
above  rules,  as  they  do  not  sutler  from  an  excess  of 
atmospheric  moisture,  provided  the  temperatures  we 
have  quoted  are  maintained,  on  the  other  hand  it 
appears  to  be  suited  to  their  requirements.  With  a 
little  management,  these  and  kindred  subjects  that 
require  a  trifle  more  attention  in  this  direction,  can 
easily  be  accommodated. 

Gardenias  for  flowering  at  this  season  of  the 
year  are  better  managed  if  a  healed  pit  can  be 
set  aside  for  them,  where  the  warmth  and 
moisture  necessary  to  the  production  of  flowers  can 
be  given  them.  We  have  some  large  bushes  that 
have  stood  the  whole  of  the  aulumn  in  a  Peach-house  ; 
these  have  been  transferred  to  the  stove,  where  they 
will  produce  occasional  blooms  that  will  provide  us 
with  variety  in  coat  flowers.  J.  Hulson,  Gunnersbury 
House,  Acton, 


\\\\   iiiiidu    frtuit  f ard^n. 


Now  is  a  good  time  for  cleaning  any  trees  that  may 
be  infested  with  scale  or  mealy-bug.  The  following 
mixture  may  be  used  :— 2  oz.  of  flowers  of  sulphur, 
2  oz.  of  soda,  \  oz.  of  shag  tobacco,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  lime,  put  in  a  saucepan  and  boiled  in  a 
gallon  of  water  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Allow  it  to 
settle,  pour  off  the  clear  liquid,  and  therewith  syringe 
the  trees  well  once  or  twice  during  the  winter.  It  will 
keep  good  for  any  length  of  time.  I  have  also  used 
parrafin  mixed  with  water,  say  a  wineglassful  to  a 
gallon  of  water.  This  will  clean  the  trees  if  repeated 
while  growth  is  at  rest.  Another  plan  that  I  have  found 
to  answer,  is  to  syringe  the  trees  four  or  five  times  with 
strong  manure  water  as  collected  in  a  tank  from  the 
cow-shed. 

Bush  Fruit. 

Gooseberries  and  Currant  bushes  may  now  be 
pruned,  and  instead  of  cutting  off  all  the  young  shoot; 
and  only  leaving  a  few  eyes,  I  would  advise  plenty  of 
young,  well  ripened  shoots  to  be  left.  To  prevent 
bushes  getting  crowded,  a  few  large  branches  should 


be  cut  clean  away  from  the  bottom  every  year.  Thi; 
would  in  a  certain  measure  renew  the  bushes  year  by 
year.  Since  we  adopted  the  plan  of  dusting  the  bushes 
over  with  soot  and  lime  three  or  four  times  during 
the  winter,  and  annuilly  dress  the  ground  under  the 
bushes  with  rotten  dung,  we  have  had  hardly  any  of 
that  destructive  pest  the  Gooseberry  moth  or  cater- 
pillar. 

Renovating  Old  Pear  Trees. 

In  old  kitchen  gardens  there  is  often  seen  fine  old 
established  Pear  trees  trained  in  the  most  faullless 
manner,  and  a  good  deal  of  labour  expended  on  them 
every  year,  but  as  a  rule  they  only  produce  an  annual 
crop  ot  young  shoots  and  leaves.  I  once  had  charge 
of  such  a  Pear  wall  ;  it  faced  the  ea^t,  aud  the  soil 
was  a  deep  rich  loam,  resting  on  clay.  Young  pyra- 
midal trees  in  the  gardens  bore  excellent  crops  as  a 
rule,  but  the  trees  that  cost  most  labour  and  at'ention 
hirdlyever  produced  any  fruit.  Most  of  the  trees 
were  good  varieties,  so  I  determined  to  retain  them  ; 
had  they  been  worthless  varieties  I  should  have  pre- 
ferred grafting  them.  The  plan  I  adopted  -sas  as 
follows  :— Early  in  the  autumn  a  trench  was  opened 
3  feet  from  the  main  stem  of  each  tree,  and  all  the 
roots  extending  outside  of  this  were  cut  clean  away, 
with  the  exception  of  those  extending  along  the  wall  ; 
these  were  preserved  as  far  as  possible,  and  a  trench 
was  cut  under  each  tree  right  up  to  the  wall,  so  as  to 
make  sure  no  tap  roots  were  left.  Before  the  soil  was 
filled  in  each  tree  was  slightly  moved  away  from  the 
wall,  to  \llow  fresh  soil  being  placed  between 
the  roots  and  the  wall.  The  first  season  few  of 
them  made  much  gj-owth,  and  one  or  two 
hardly  any  leaves,  but  the  second  season  most  of 
them  were  covered  with  blossom,  so  much  so  that  I 
had  some  of  it  thinned  out  to  prevent  the  trees  being 
cxhauasted.  During  the  summer  the  trees  were  kept 
well  midched,  watered,  and  syringed  three  and  four 
times  a  week  when  the  weather  was  hot  and  dry. 
Now  is  a  good  time  to  perform  such  operations,  and 
to  any  one  in  charge  of  unfruitful  trees  I  can  only 
recommend  them  to  try  the  above  plan,  and  if  carried 
out  with  ordinary  care  success  is  sure  to  follow. 
Plum;,  Apples,  and  Cherries  may  be  treated  in  the 
same  manner.  Another  simple  plan  to  adopt  with 
unfruitful  Pear  trees  is  to  cut  about  6  inches  of  the 
baik  off  half  way  round  the  stems  just  below  the 
ground.  I  have  known  this  plan  adopted  with 
success. 

Wai.i.  Trees. 

Cherries,  Plums,  and  Pears  should  all  be  nailed  on 
walls  ;  Peaches  and  Apricots  are  better  left  at  pre- 
sent. Old  trees  in  orchards  should  be  gone  over  and  all 
useless  branches  thinned  out  to  allow  sun  and  air  to 
act  on  the  fruit.  Established  orchards  should  also 
be  looked  over,  and  see  that  the  roots  are  not  choking 
any  of  the  drains.  If  the  water  is  allowed  to  stand 
for  any  time  about  the  trees  it  will  kill  all  the  young 
toots,  and  so  render  the  trees  unhealthy  and  the  fruit 
small  and  almost  worthless.  J.  Smith,  Msntmore, 
Bucks. 


The  roots,  such  as  .Salsafy  and  Scorzonera,  should 
be  treated  the  same  as  Chicory  roots,  i  c,  laid  in 
thickly  together  in  well-drained  soil,  and  covered  with 
leaves  and  litter  when  necessary.  White  Turnips, 
large  enough  for  use,  should  be  collected,  and  placed 
out  of  reach  of  much  frost. 

Celery  which  has  made  much  growth  since  the  last 
earthing-up  should  again  have  more  soil  placed  around 
it.  Stable  litter  may  be  used  to  prevent  the  ridges 
becoming  frozen  through,  hut  it  should  not  be  allowed 
over  the  foliage  ;  dry  bracken  or  clean  straw  is  best 
for  this  purpose.  However,  such  protection  (over  the 
foliage)  will  not  be  required  unless  the  thermometer 
should  register  more  than  10°  or  12°  of  frost. 

Seeds. 
The  remnants  in  the  seed-drawers  should  now  be 
looked  over,  and  any  seeds  of  last  year's  purchasing 
(of  which  sufficient  remains  to  repay  the  trouble)  may 
now  be  tested  in  order  to  ascertain  their  respective 
germinating  powers.  Fifty  seeds  of  each  should  be 
sown  in  60  pots,  or  larger,  in  a  gentle  heat,  and 
when  grown  high  enough  the  seedlings  counted, 
the  results  entered  down  for  guidance  and  reference 
when  ordering  next  year's  supply.  Probably  many 
will  be  good  enough  for  next  spring  sowing.  G.  H, 
Richards,  Somerky. 


720 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


iDecember  ;,  1S85. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

(  ^alc    of  5003   Lilium    auratum,    TiRridias, 
1      &c    at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
MOND*v,  Dec     7-    G-ea,  saleof  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  Si 

I       Morris'  Rooms, 

r  Royal  Horticultural   Society  :    Meeting  ot 
the    Fruit    and    Kloral     Committees,    at 
r,         o  ]      n  A.M.,  Pcicniific  Committee  at  1  p.M  , 
Tuesday,        Dec.    a.      at  bout  h  Kensington. 

I  Sale  of  4000  Lilium  auratum.  Plants,  Roses, 
L     &c..  at  Protheroe  &  Morris*  Rooms, 
f  Sale  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Horder 
Wednesday,  Dec.    0  \      Plants,    and    Dutch    Bulbs,    at    Stevens' 
(      Rooms. 

fSale   of  Valuable    and    Imported    Orchid?, 
I      from  Mr.  F.  Sander,  St.  .\lban's,  at  Stevens' 
I       Rooms. 
,,  I  Great  >ale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 

Thursday,      Dec   to  I      Morris'  Rooms, 

Clearance  Sale  ol  Glass  Erections,  Plants, 
&c  ,  at  the  I'ark  N  urseries,  Finsbury  Park, 

by  Protli        

(  Sale  of  Im 
'  ■)      at  Protheroe  »  Mo 

r  Sale  of  Roses,   Fruit    frees,  bh 
,nd    Dutch    Bulbs, 


[  Sale  of  Imp  ited  and  Kstablished  Orchids, 


Room 


1  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morri 


IN  our  last  issue  we  had  occasion  to  comment 
upon  the  retirement  of  Sir  JOSEPH  HOOKER 
from  official  duties,  apd  we  tool<  the  opportunity 
to  allude  to  the  great  value  of  his  services  to 
botanical  and  horticultural  science,  and  to  the 
establishment  at  Kew  in  particular.  It  is  in 
some  way  significant  that  Sir  JOSEPH  HOOKER'S 
retirement  occurs  at  the  same  period  that 
Professor  Huxley  finds  it  incumbent  on  him 
also  to  seek  relief  from  the  pressure  of  official 
duties. 

The  public  career  of  these  two  eminent  leaders 
in   Science  extends  in  general  terms  over  the 
last  half  century,  and  in  framing  a  retrospect 
over  that  period  Professor  HuXLEY,  in  vacating 
the  Presidency  of  the  Royal  Society,  took  occa- 
sion to  review  the  progress  in  intellectual  and 
material   welfare   that   has  been  made   during 
that  period.     He  had  no  difficulty  in  showing 
that     the    vast     improvement    in    almost    all 
departments     of     knowledge,     and     in     their 
application    to    the    wants    of   mankind    had 
been    made    as   a   direct   consequence    of    the 
increase  in  what  is  termed  scientific  knowledge. 
We  will  not  do  more  than  point  out  that    scien- 
tific knowledge  is  essentially  not  different  from 
any  other  form  of  intelleciual  development,  but 
it  is  allowable  to  point   out  that   the    pursuit  of 
truth,  which  is  the  aim   of  all    honest   seekers 
alter  knowledge,  has  been  far  more  advanced  by 
scientific   methods   familiarised   to    us    by    the 
labours   and  generalisations  of    Faraday,    of 
Grove,  of  Joule,  of  Hooker,  of  Huxley,  to 
say   ni-thing   of   Darwin,    than  by   the    hap- 
hazard guesses  of  party  politicians,  tinctured  as 
they  must  be    in  all    cases   by    interested   con- 
siderations whether   of  party  or  person.     The 
facts  are  absolutely  indisputable.     No  one  who 
lives   in   this   present  year  of  grace  and  who 
compares   the  resources,   the   necessities,    the 
comforts  at  his   command,   with   those  which 
were    at   the  disposal   of  his    forefathers,  can 
for  a    moment    doubt    that    they    have  been 
secured     to    him    as     a     direct     consequence 
of  the  progress  of  science.     No  one  will  dispute 
the  advantage  of  literary  culture,  but   any  one 
may   see   for  himself    that    those    advantages 
might    have    been    secured   in   the  past,   and 
might    be    secured    in   the   future,     far    more 
speedily  and  efficaciously  by  the   application  of 
scientific   methods.      Take,   for    instance,   the 
question  of  practical  politics,  which  are  disturb- 
ing the  country  at  the  present  moment.     There 
are  principles  at   stake  ;  there  are  facts  to  be 
weighed   and   considered.     How    do    our  poli- 
ticians set  about  the  task  before  them?    Do  they 
not   in  the  main  either  ignore  great  principles, 
or  does  not  each  party  claim  them  as  its  own 
special  inheritance,  and  assume,  nay,  unblu;h- 
ingly  assert,  that  they  are  not  the  property  of 
the  other  ? — and  if  they  condescend  to  consider 
the  facts  at  all,  do  they  not  distort  them,  now 
in  this  direction,  now  in  that,  solely  for  the  sake 
of  personal   or  party  advantage  ?     Is  this  our 
boasted   science  ?      Is   this    the  result   of  the 
education  ot  our  public  schools  and  universities  ? 
To  a  large  extent  it  is.     We  cannot,  especially 


in  the  throes  of  a  General  Election,  eliminate 
the  purely  selfish  element — man  is  but  man  in 
such  matters  ;  but  when  calmer  times  come  and 
intellect  is  allowed  free  play  apart  from  preju- 
dice and  passion,  shall  we  not  have  reason  to 
deplore  this  potentiality  of  active  ignorance? 
Shall  we  not  ask  ourselves  whether  such  exhi- 
bitions of  mental  distortion  as  we  are  now  wit- 
nessing on  one  side  and  on  the  other  are  not  a 
disgrace  to  our  system  of  education  ?  The 
crudest  theories  and  the  wildest  hypotheses  are 
put  forward  on  this  side  and  on  that  for  the 
acceptance  of  the  multitude,  as  if  they  were 
established  facts  and  well  grounded  generalisa- 
tions. Would  any  man  of  business — would  any 
practical  gardener— carry  on  his  daily  work  in 
such  a  way  ?  What  must  be  the  result  if  he 
did?  Men  of  science  are  no  more  free  from 
human  infirmity  than  their  fellows.  They 
share  the  common  instincts  of  self-preserva- 
tion with  their  fellows — they  are  swayed  by  the 
same  passions,  the  same  sympathies,  the  same 
antipathies  as  their  fellows  ;  but  in  their  own 
special  pursuits  they  know  to  a  greater  or  less 
degree  how  to  eliminate  such  "accidents"  from 
the  general  results.  Those  who  do  so  to  the 
greatest  extent  are  the  leaders  of  Science,  those 
who  do  so  to  the  least  are  unworthy  labourer.? 
indeed. 

Admitting,  then,  that  while  men  remain  men, 
the  selfish  personal  element  must  always,  to 
some  extent,  mar  and  soil  the  purer  pursuit  of 
truth,  we  may  ask  whether  this  evil  is  to  remain 
as  it  is,  or  to  become  a  diminishing  quantity. 
Too  obviously  the  heretofore  prevalent  systems 
of  education  have  not  sufticed  to  lessen 
the  mischief.  Is  there  any  hope  that  the 
more  scientific  training  of  our  youth,  whether 
it  be  in  literary  culture,  in  art,  or  in 
technical  industry  will  in  the  future  prevent 
or  lessen  the  evil?  It  is  too  much,  perhaps,  to 
expect  that  it  will  prevent  it,  but  we  may  surely 
indulge  in  well-grounded  hopes  that  it  will 
mitigate  and  lessen  it.  What  has  been  the 
secret  in  these  later  years  of  the  rapid  advance 
in  our  material  benefits?  What  has  been  the 
secret  of  the  rise  of  this  nation— the  decadence 
of  that?  Clearly  in  both  cases  the  increase  of 
knowledge,  the  most  ignorant  have  had  to  go  to 
the  wall. 

The  philosophers  and  schoolmen  of  the 
middle  ages  went  round  and  round  without 
adding  much  to  the  stores  of  mankind,  either 
mentally  or  physically,  because  their  science 
was  an  affair  of  mental  gymnastics,  not  a  solid 
advance  based  upon  conscientious  investigation 
of  tacts  and  phenomena.  It  was  not  a  steady 
progress  from  the  known  to  the  unknown,  but  a 
kaleidoscopic  shifting  of  particles  already  less  or 
more  well  known.  Now  is  not  this  pretty  much 
the  character  of  practical  horticulture  at  the 
present  day  ?  Our  forefathers  have  gathered 
for  us  a  large  amount  of  cumulated  experience. 
We  add  to  it  by  our  own  personal  observation, 
but  there  we  stick.  If  we  open  a  horticultural 
book  of  the  year  1885  shall  we  not  find  in  all 
matters  outside  common  routine  and  daily 
practice  the  same  theories — save  the  mark  !  — 
the  same  baseless  figments,  the  same  wild 
hypotheses  as  are  to  be  found  in  the  writers  of 
a  ce  tury  ago  ?  We  make  no  aspersions  on 
those  writers.  They  were  up  to  the  mark  in 
their  day,  but  they  are  of  necessity  far  behind 
the  requirements  of  the  present. 

The  rank  and  file  of  British  horticulturists 
and  agriculturists,  however,  might,  with  few 
exceptions,  just  as  well  be  living  in  1775  ^s  in 
1885.  The  reason  for  this  is  to  be  found  in  the 
utterly  inefticient  system  of  education  doled 
out  alike  to  masters  and  men  in  their  degree. 
Ask  any  successful  horticulturist  what  he  owes 
to  his  education,  and  what  he  owes  to  his  own 
observation  and  the  pressure  of  circumstances  ? 
How  much  labour  might  have  been  saved  him, 
how  much  his  perceptions  might  have  clarified 


and  widened  had  he  had  the  advantage  of  a 
training  in  habits  of  accurate  scientific  observa- 
tion and  correct  induction.  Books  are  valuable 
— most  valuable— but  of  what  use  is  the  infor- 
mation obtained  from  them  as  compared  with 
that  which  is  gained  by  the  earnest  student  as 
the  result  of  practical  work  rightly  directed 
and  carried  out  with  scientific  method.  It  is 
one  thing  to  learn  in  books  and  from  the 
mouths  of  teachers  that  plants  feed  by  their 
roots  and  their  leaves,  it  is  vastly  different  to 
find  out  and  prove  the  fact  for  one's  self.  In 
the  one  case  the  talent  is  laid  out  to  com- 
pound interest,  in  the  other  it  is  at  best 
an  investmsnt  of  dead  capital— a  coin  subject  to 
rust  and  deterioration. 

Of  Huxley's  work  as  a  master  or  as  a 
teacher  in  science,  whether  to  experts  or  to 
beginners,  it  is  not  needful  for  us  to  speak  here. 
Of  his  exertions  to  secure  a  higher  type  of 
practical  education — practical  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  word — we  would  wish  to  speak  with  all 
honour  and  respect.  No  matter  who  may  suc- 
ceed him  in  the  tenure  of  Newton's  Chair  at  the 
Royal  Society,  the  verdict  of  posterity  will 
assuredly  be,  that  no  one  of  his  predecessors 
has  occupied  it  more  thoroughly  to  the  advan- 
tage of  his  fellow  men — no  one  with  a  more 
disinterested  search  after  truth  than  he  who  on 
Monday  last  vacated  the  chair  in  favour  of  the 
eminent  mathematician,  Professor.STOKES.  And 
to  the  advocates  of  literary  culture  as  the  one 
thing  needful  we  may  ask.  Who  among  modern 
writers  is  a  more  perfect  master  of  literary  style 
than  Thomas  Huxley  ? 


Taxed   versus   Untaxed    Trading. — We 

publish  the  following  communication  received  from 
our  old  correspondent,  Mr.  James  Anderson,  of 
Meadowbank,  Lanarkshire,  as  it  touches  on  matters  in 
which  all  political  patties  must  feel  an  interest.  He 
says  : — 

•'  I  asked  each  of  the  candidates  for  the  North- 
east division  of  Lanarkshire  the  following  question — 
'  Would  the  candidate  be  prepared  to  support  any  well 
considered  scheme  for  r.iting  and  t.ixing  such  landlords 
as  sold  their  sp.ire  produce  in  or  about  Iheir  gardens  on 
the  same  fooling  as  those  tenants  who  pay  rent,  rates, 
and  taxes,  and  have  to  compete  with  them  in  the  open 
market  ? ' 

"  Mr.  Cunninghame,  of  Craginels,  replied  that 
'  landlords  were  taxed  on  their  incomes,  and  he  pre- 
sumed they  would  pay  accordingly,  but  that  he  scarcely 
considered  the  question  a  national  one.'  Mr.  Donald 
Ckauford  replied  that  'he  was  not  aware  of  the 
irregularity  referred  to,  but  if  it  exists  (and  you  ought  to 
know)  I  should  be  in  favour  of  removing  it." 

"  I  did  not  ask  the  question  from  any  querulous  dis- 
position, but  with  the  view  of  calling  attention  to,  and  if 
possible  correcting,  the  anomaly.  None  of  us  in  the 
trade  have  any  right  to  call  in  question  what  our  fellow- 
min  may  do  with  what  belongs  to  him,  be  he  a  duke  or 
be  he  a  peasant ;  but  I  don't  see  why  there  should  not 
be  some  measure  framed  whereby  such  a  setler  should  not 
only  pay  as  a  landlord,  but  as  a  tenant  as  well.  If  he 
chooses  to  sell  his  goods  and  compete  with  the 
legitimate  trader,  who  puts  up  his  sign  and  advertises 
his  goods,  surely  in  common  fairness,  not  only  should  he 
pay  the  State  the  direct  taxation  on  what  he  sells,  but  he 
should  be  rated  on  the  sum  for  local  burdens  as  well.  I 
don't  say  it  is  the  fault  of  the  parties  ;  no  doubt  many  or 
most  of  them  would  willingly  pay  if  the  taxes  were 
imposed.  I  join  issue  with  Mr.  Cunninghame  in  assert- 
ing that  it  is  not  a  '  national '  question.  I  think  it  is  ; 
and  it  is  becoming  more  and  more  so  every  day,  and  I 
look  to  the  Gardeners  Chronicli,  as  the  leading  paper  of 
its  kind,  to  open  its  columns  to  such  contributions  as 
will  eventually  end  in  justice  being  meted  out  and  the 
grievance  swept  away." 

Atlas  of   Plant  Diseases.— Dr.   O.   E. 

Zimmermann  is  publishing  under  the  title  of  Alias  der 
Pflanzenkrankhdten,  a  series  of  photographic  illustra- 
tions representing  the  microscpic  appearances  of  the 
fungi  affecting  plants.  An  explanatory  text  accom- 
panies the  plates.  The  photographs  are  direct  from 
the  microscope,  and  are  mostly  very  clear.  It  would 
be  a  convenience  if  the  divisions  of  the  micrometer 
scale  were  in  future  photographed  with  the  objects. 
The  work  may  be  had  of  Messrs.  Williams  & 
Xorgate. 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRO NIC LE.  —  t)TLcm^%^    5, 


Fhj.    163.— EUCHAR 


IS   MASTER3I1  ;     SECTION    OF   THE    FLOWER   AND    POLLEN    GRAINS,      (SEE   P.    722.) 


722 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[DECEMBER    5,    1885. 


"Venetian"  Houses. — \Ve  are   informed 

that  Messrs.  Skinner  &  Board,  horticultural 
builders,  Eristol,  have  received  an  order  from  New 
York  for  a  range  of  their  "Venetian"  tlower  and 
fruit  houses,  the  clever  contrivance  of  whose  venti- 
lation was  noiiced  in  the  GarJciiers'  Cinonick  some 
months  since. 

The  Surveyoks'  Institution.— The  next 

meeting  will  be  held  on  Monday,  December  7,  when 
a  paper  will  be  read  by  Mr.  A.  D.  Wells  (.Asso- 
ciate), entitled  "The  Cost  of  Production  and  the 
Value  received  for  our  various  Farm  Crops."  The 
chair  to  be  taken  at  S  o'clock. 

National  Auricula  Society.— National 

Carnation  and  Picotee  Society. — The  annual 
general  meeting  of  the  above  Socittie;  will  be  held, 
by  permission  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  in  the  Conservatory,  South  Kensing- 
ton, as  soon  after  12  o'clock  as  possible,  on  Tuesday, 
December  S.  The  business  of  the  meeting  will  be, 
the  election  of  officers  and  committee,  the  receipt  of 
the  Secretary's  and  Treasurer's  report,  the  election  of 
judges  for  the  ensuing  yqar^  and  any  other  necessary 
business  as  may .  pertain  to  the  annual  general 
meeting. 

"Bulletin  du  Congres  International 

DE  St.  Petersbourg."— In  this  volume  we  have 
the  proceedings  of  the  Botanicil  Congress  of  St. 
Petersburg  in  May,  1SS4,  and  the  full  text  of  several 
of  the  memoirs  presented  to  it.  These  latter  ate  as 
varied  in  substance  as  they  are  in  form,  being  con- 
cerned with  many  points  of  physiological  and  syste- 
matic botany,  and  written  in  French,  Russian,  Ger- 
man, Spanish,  and  English.  We  think  the  plan 
adopted  in  1S66,  and  partially  followed  also  on  this 
occasion,  of  requesting  each  author  to  give  an  abstract 
of  his  communication,  might  well  be  adopted  on  all 
similar  occasions,  and,  moreover,  that  the  abstract 
should  be  written  in  Latin  or  in  French,  as  the 
languages  most  likely  to  be  understood  by  scientific 
men  of  all  nationalities.  If  this  were  done  there 
would  be  less  objection  to  the  publication  of  papers  in 
the  language  of  the  authors.  In  the  present  volume 
there  is  a  paper  in  Spanish,  which  is  not  known  to 
many,  and  there  are  several  in  Russian,  which  is  even 
more  incomprehensible.  Among  the  papers  of  special 
interest  to  horticulturists  in  the  present  volume  are 
Mr.  Elwes'  paper  on  Lilies,  Mr.  LVNCii's  communi- 
cations on  the  culture  of  bog  plants.  Professor  Witt- 
mack's  historical  sketch  of  the  ger.us  Begonia, 
M.  NlEPRASCHK  on  the  cultivation  of  large  Palms  in 
winter  gardens,  and  M.  Pynaert's  note  on  the  in- 
fluence of  light.  On  some  of  these  points  we  may 
have  occasions  to  comment  on  a  future  opportunity. 

Dr.  Asa  Gray.— A  Cambridge  [U.S.]  cor- 
respondent writes  that  on  November  18,  Dr.  Gray 
was  the  recipient  of  a  very  handsome  silver  vase,  the 
gift  of  iSo  North  American  botanists,  who  availed 
themselves  of  the  seventy-fifth  anniversary  of  Dr. 
Gray's  birth,  to  testify  their  gratitude  and  esteem. 
The  vase  is  in  repousse  work,  the  decoration  in- 
cluding rcpresentions  of  such  plants  as  Grayia,  Soli- 
dago,  Asters,  Shortia,  Lilium  Grayi,  and  others,  with 
which  the  Doctor  has  been  specially  associated. 
The  presentation  was  managed  by  some  young 
botanists,  and  was  an  entire  surprise  to  the  recipient. 
Nearly  all  those  who  participated  in  the  memorial 
gave  personal  expression  of  their  love  and  gratitude 
to  the  master  at  once  so  genial  and  so  profound, 
and  as  much  esteemed  on  this,  as  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic. 

Unseasonable    Foliation.— An   instance 

of  the  influence  of  the  recent  weather  upon  trees  may 
be  cited  in  the  case  of  some  Lime  trees  coming  into 
leaf  on  Friday,  November  27.  Doubtless  the  warm 
damp  autumn  which  followed  upon  the  exceedingly 
dry  summer  was  the  cause  of  this.  The  first  sharp 
frost  will  kill  these  untimely  shoots.  It  is  necessary  to 
remark  that  not  one  Lim?  tree  was  thus  in  leaf,  but 
quite  a  dozen. 

"Histoire   des   Plantes."— The   last   of 

M.  Baili.on's  series  of  monographs  contains  the 
Campanulacca;,  Cucurbitacere,  Loasacea:,  Passifio- 
racca;,  and  Begoniaceie,  profusely  illustrated,  as  usua', 
with  accurate  and  beautifully  executed  woodcuts. 
In  associating  the  Passiflores  with  the  Cucurbitacea:, 
in  spite  of  the  different  relative  position  of  the  parts 


of  the  flower  and  the  presence  of  albumen  in  one  case 
and  its  deficiency  in  the  other,  not  to  mention  other 
matters,  M.  Baillon  does  but  follow  the  example  of 
most  of  his  predecessors.  The  collocation  of  these 
two  orders,  however,  next  to  Campanulacca^  will  be 
received  with  great  astonishment.  Of  course,  so 
expert  a  botanist  can  produce  plenty  of  reasons  for 
this  approximation,  but  he  can  hardly  expect  that  his 
readers  will  attach  the  same  degree  of  validity  to  those 
reasons  that  he  does. 

• National  Dahlia  Exhibition  (Northern 

Section). — This  enterprise,  which  would  have  been 
carried  out  by  the  committee  of  the  Grand  Yorkshire 
Gala,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  John  Wilson, 
the  Secretary,  had  an  adequate  response  been  received 
to  the  circular  issued  by  that  gentleman,  is,  it  is 
feared,  doomed  to  failure.  The  committee  asked  for 
donations  and  subscriptions  to  a  guarantee  fund,  and 
a  sum  of  not  less  than  ;^400  was  named.  A  circular 
was  prepared  and  issued  to  those  likely  to  take  an 
interest  in  the  proposal,  but  the  responses  have 
proved  so  insignificant  that  there  is  no  prospect  of 
carrying  it  out.  No  assistance  has  been  rendered  by  any 
one  interested  in  the  project.  Mr.  Wilson  deserves 
high  praise  for  his  exertions  in  the  matter.  That  he 
does  feel  some  disappointment  there  can  be  no  doubt  ; 
but  if  the  cultivators,  exhibitors,  and  admirers  of  the 
Dahlia  are  slow  to  support,  there  is  no  help  for  it 
but  to  abandon  the  proposal.  More's  the  pity,  for  the 
management  of  the  proposed  show  would  have  been 
in  hands  trained  by  long  experience  to  make  such 
things  conspicuous  successes, 

Dr.    Trimen.  —  From    the   Indian    Agii- 

cii'litrist  we  learn  that  Dr.  Trimen  has  had  a 
very  interesting  botanical  trip  through  portions  of 
the  North  Central,  Eastern  and  Central  pro- 
vinces of  Ceylon,  working  more  especially  along 
the  sides  and  within  the  triangle  formed  by  the  roads 
from  Dambulla  to  Anaradhapura,  thence  to  Trinco- 
malee,  and  from  Trincomalee  back  to  Dambulla. 
Dr.  Trimen  visited  lY'Uonaruwa  and  Mineriya  lake, 
which  he  thought  most  interesting  ;  and  altogether 
this  trip  has  more  then  ever  impressed  him  with  the 
great  variety  of  country,  scenery  and  resources 
possessed  by  the  island,  Scarcity  of  water  at  some  of 
the  stopping-places  was  the  chief  drawback  to  comfoit 
encountered,  and  no  one  can  form  a  true  idea  of  the 
many  ways  in  which  water  is  indispensable  to  the 
convenience  as  well  as  comfort  of  living,  until  they 
find  absolutely  none  to  be  got  for  miles  around  their 
habitation  !  What  struck  the  travellers  v/as  the 
absence  ol  "  wells"  :  where  such  existed  the  villages 
are  comparatively  independent  ;  and  as  wells  are 
much  easier  made  than  tanks,  we  may  ask  why  are 
wells  not  found  at  every  village,  and  indeed  every 
possible  stopping-place  on  the  roads  referred  to  ?  In 
India  the  authorities  apparently  pay  a  good  deal  more 
attention  to  well-digging  than  is  the  case  in  Ceylon, 
so  far  as  we  can  judge. 

Difficulty  of   Breathing   Caused  ey 

Pelargoniums  —The  British  Medical  Journal  for 
November  28  contains  a  note  on  difliculiy  of  breath- 
ing produced  by  Pelargonium  grossularioides,  by  Mr. 
G.  Bidie,  Deputy  Surgeon-General,  Madras.  Mr. 
Bidie  says  that  the  odour  which  the  plant  gives  out 
after  rain,  &c.,  is  agreeable  to  mo5t  people,  but  that 
in  the  case  of  a  lady  who  came  under  his  observation 
it  immediately  produced  dyspncea.  As  the  plant  was 
in  flower  it  was  thought  the  pollen  grains  caused  the 
trouble,  as  in  hay  fever,  but  on  experiment  it  was 
found  to  be  due  to  the  effluvia  of  the  leaves.  When- 
ever plants  were  brought  near  the  lady  she  was 
affected  by  them  ;  and  when  out  driving  or  walking 
she  would  announce  the  presence  of  the  enemy  when 
the  plant  'ould  not  be  seen  by  the  eye,  and  whilst  other 
people  could  notice  no  smell  until  their  attention  was 
directed  to  it.  This  is,  therefore,  a  new  example  of 
an  "  idiosyncrasy  of  olfaction." 

Useful  Woods  in  America. — In  a  report 

on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Astoria,  North 
America,  it  is  stated  that  the  chief  forest  trees  of  the 
district  are  Hemlock,  Spruce,  Fir,  and  Cedar.  The 
former  has  been  used  only  to  a  very  small  extent  for 
its  bark  for  tanning  purposes.  Spruce  is  used  where 
lightness  is  wanted,  but  it  roust  be  kept  from  the  wet. 
Salmon  cases  are  made  from  it.  Fir  is  the  most 
generally  used  of  all  the  different  kinds  of  wood  ;  its 
strength,  durability,  and  care  with  which  it  is  manu- 
factured,  brings    it    into    use    for    all    the   general 


purposes  of  house  building,  boat  building,  planking 
of  roads  and  bridges,  and  piling  for  the  support  of 
bridges  and  buildings  over  water,  ships'  spars  and 
deck  planking,  some  thousands  of  feet  of  selected 
timber  being  sent  to  New  York  for  trial  for  this 
purpose.  Cedar  wood  is  used  in  finishing  wli^re 
lightness  and  ease  of  working  are  wanted.  It  is  a  very 
durable  wood,  lasting  for  years  as  fence  posts,  house 
sills,  window  jambs,  &c.  ;  it  is  also  much  used  as 
finishing  in  river  steamer  cabins,  being  light  ;  it  is, 
however,  very  brittle. 

Books   and    Publications   Received. — 

Life  on  the  Farm:  Animal  Life.  By  Professor 
Brown  (Bradbury,  Agnew  &  Qo.).— Indigenous 
Flowers  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  By  Mrs.  Francis 
Sinclair,  Jun.  (Sampson,  Low  &  Co.). — Report 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  (Washington  :  U.S.A- 
Government  Printing  Oflice). — Live  Stock  Journal 
and  Agricultural  Gazette  Almanac,  1SS6  (Vinton 
&  Co.,  30,  Hampstead  Road,  London).  —  Grevillea 
(Williams  &  Norg.^te).— Za  Belspque  Horticole 
Ajinales  de  Botanique  et  d"" Horticulture  (Agents  : 
DuLAU  &  Co.,  87,  Soho  Square,  London). — Third 
Annual  Retort  of  the  Board  of  Control  of  the 
Ke-w  York  Agricultural  Exl>eriment  Station  for 
1SS4  (.\lbany.  New  York  :  Weed,  Parsons  & 
Co.).— The  Carnation  and  Picotee.  By  Mr.  E.  S. 
Dodwell. 

Gardening  Atpointments.  —  Mr.  JaiiIES 

Arnold  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  W.  G. 
Crum,  Esq-,  Mere  Old  Hall,  Knulslord,  Cheshire.— 
Mr.  Edward  Menzies,  of  Chatsworth  Gardens, 
has  been  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Leaney,  as 
Head  Gardener  to  TlIO.MAS  CmsTY,  Esq.,  F.L.S., 
Malvern  House,  Sydenham. 


EUCHARIS    MASTERSII. 

This  new  species  of  Eucbiris  has  been  shown 
several  times  durinjr  the  past  season  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at  South  Ken- 
sington, Mr.  Bull  showin;^  it  twice,  0:tober  13  and 
14,  and  November  10 — on  the  last  occasion  a  beautiful 
nn5S  of  well  grown  plants  in  a  large  pan  having  been 
brought  from  the  Chelsea  Nursery.  On  the  first 
occasion  that  Mr.  Bull  showed  it  a  First-class  Cerli- 
ticale  was  awarded,  the  plant  appearing  to  be  a 
valuable  addition  to  the  genus  as  a  decorative 
subject. 

We  take  the  following  from  the  Botanical  Ma^a- 
zine  for  August,  1SS5,  relating  to  this  plant  : — "  This 
new  Eucharis,  which  Pt  the  request  of  Messrs.  F, 
Sander  &  Co.,  of  St.  Albans,  has  been  named  after 
Dr.  Masters,  F.R.S.,  is  intermediate  between  the  two 
finest  species  already  known,  E.  grandiflora,  Planchon 
et  Lindley  {plate  4971)  ;  E.  amazonica,  Ilort.  ;  and 
E.  Sanderi,  Baker  {plate  6676).  It  has  entirely  the 
same  habit  and  leaf,  and  the  same  large  pure  white 
perianth-limb,  but  is  different  from  both  of  them  in 
the  staminal  cup,  of  which  the  free  portion  of  the 
present  plant  forms  a  narrow  but  united  collar-like 
rim  to  the  perianth-tube,  wiih  two  deltoid  teeth 
between  the  base  of  each  filament.  The  bulb  is 
globose,  i\  inch  in  diameter.  Leaves  distinctly 
petioled,  oblong,  acute,  just  like  those  of  E.  grandi- 
flora  and  Sanderi  in  shape  and  texture,  S  or  10  inches 
long,  4  or  5  inches  broad,  bright  green  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  green  beneath,  with  fifteen  or  sixteen 
curved  veins  on  each  side  between  the  midrib  and  the 
margin.  Scape  slender,  glaucous,  terete,  under  a 
foot  long.  Umbel  two-flowered  in  the  specimen 
drawn  [but  see  our  figure,  p.  721].  Pedicels  very 
short,  valves  of  the  spathe  small,  green,  lanceolate. 
Ovary  green,  oblong,  trigonous.  Perianth-tube 
2  or  2t  inches  long,  cylindrical  in  the  lower 
two-thirds,  infundibuliform  in  ih^  upper  third, 
with  a  throat  l^  inch  in  diameter.  Limb  pure 
white,  3  inches  in  diameter.  Segments  ovate, 
much  imbricated.  Slaminal  cup  striped  with 
green,  adnate  to  the  tube  of  the  perianth,  except 
a  narrow  collar-like  rim  which  has  a  couple  of  deltoid 
teeth  between  each  filament.  Style  reaching  nearly 
to  the  lip  of  the  perianth  segments,  thickened  and 
obtusely  three-lobed  at  the  stigraatose  apex." 

This  is  the  technical  description  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
Biker,  to  which  we  may  add,  that  for  practical 
purposes  its  smaller  flowers  will  render  it  specially 
useful  for  bouquet  and  other  decorative  work.  The 
culture  will  probably  prove  to  be  the  same  as  for  the 
better  known  grandifiora.     (See  fig.  163,  p.  721.) 


DfCtMIlEK    5,     1SS5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


723 


HOW    NOT    TO    DO    IT. 

The  grand  display  of  designs  in  immorlelle  woik 
exhibited  by  Eugenie  Weiss,  at  the  flower  exhibit  at 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Fair,  is  worthy  of  special 
m^nlion.  Nothing  like  it  was  ever  seen  in  this  or 
perhaps  any  other  country.  A  fac  simiU  of  the 
design  made  by  this  enterprising  young  floiiit  for  the 
Giant  obsequies,  and  presented  by  the  Mead  Post, 
of  Philadelphia,  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the 
display.  In  the  contest  for  the  best  wedding  cinopy 
of  natural  flowers  Hugh  Graham  was  decidedly  first. 
Silaginella  densa  was  the  ground-work,  with  the 
monogram  "II.  G."  in  the  centre;  a  "true  lover's 
knot  "  and  a  four-leaved  Cijver  on  either  side  were 
cleverly  wrought,  and  the  whole  was  bordered  with 
double  rows  of  maroon  Dahlias  and  a  chain  of  pink 
Balsams.  The  canopy  proper  was  made  of  Smilax, 
and  from  the  extreme  edges  were  suspended  seven 
bells  (why  did  he  not  make  an  octave  ?)  on  which  were 
the  words  "  love,  happiness,  joy,  health,  wealth,  long 
life,  and  peace,"  in  purple  immortelles.  This,  it 
must  be  confessed,  detracted  somewhat  from  the 
general  elTect,  the  purple  immortelles  giving  it  an  un- 
mistakably funereal  appearance  ;  pink  or  red  lettering 
would  have  answered  the  purpose  much  better.  The 
ropes  were  made  of  Hydrangea  paniculata,  and  were 
draped  in  festoons  and  run  through  a  loop  at  the  back. 
For  the  best  three  funeral  designs  the  contest  was  be- 
tween Craig  &  Bro.  and  Hugh  Graham  &  Co.  The 
first  premium  was  awarded  to  the  latter  firm,  but  it 
called  forth  some  comment.  Graham's  were  a 
trifle  newer  in  conception,  but  were  no  more  appro- 
priate, nor  so  well  executed  as  Craig's. 

For  the  original  funeral  design  there  were  several 
competitors.  Among  the  best  were  an  hour-glass, 
"the  broken  pitcher  at  the  well,"  and  the  life-boat 
"safe  in  the  haven."  The  latter  was  from  Hugh 
Graham  &  Co.,  and  was  given  first  premium.  The 
"  well  and  the  broken  pitcher  "  came  from  Jos.  Kift  & 
Son,  and  it  received  second  premium  ;  it  was  beauti- 
fully worked  out  and  attracted  a  great  deal  of  attention, 
albeit  the  idea  was  somewhat  farfetched  as  a  funeral 
design  ;  but  there  is  no  mistaking  the  fact  that  it  was 
a  neat  piece  of  work.  For  second  place  in  the  com- 
petition for  dinner-table  decoration,  Chas.  Fox  had  a 
very  pretty  design.  The  centre  was  a  miniature  lake, 
in  which  were  live  fish,  sporting  in  real  water,  and 
fussy  ducklings  moved  to  and  fro  on  the  surface  ;  at 
each  end  of  the  table  were  two  cornucopias  made  of 
Ilermosi  Roses,  from  which  were  emptied  in 
bounteous  profusion  fine  Perle  Roses  ;  every  favour 
was  dilTerent — a  slipper,  a  fan,  &c.  Faust  &  Craw- 
foid  came  in  third,  with  three  large  plateaus.  The 
centre  one  was  made  after  the  style  of  two  four-leaved 
Clovers,  each  leaflet  being  made  in  solid  colours,  rest- 
on  beds  of  Adiantums  and  other  choice  Ferns.  Hugh 
Graham  &  Co.,  fourth  premium,  one  of  the  most 
elaborate  designs  ever  seen  at  any  exhibition,  but  it 
was  rather  tooitiff  and  formal  for  the  purpose  for  which 
it  was  intended.  It  occupied  the  whole  length  of  the 
lab'e  in  an  unbroken  line  except  a  few  inches  of  the 
edge — barely  leaving  sufficient  room  for  plates.  No 
space  was  left  for  candelabra,  or  other  paraphernalia 
necessary  to  complete  a  dinner  or  luncheon  table. 
Although  it  was  faulty  in  some  respects,  it  was 
acknowledged  on  all  sides  to  be  a  very  fine  piece  of 
work,  and  reflected  great  credit  on  its  designers. 
Selaginella  densa  formed  the  basis  of  operations, 
through  which  was  delicately  traced  the  stem  of  a  com- 
pound leaf,  presumably  a  Rose  leaf ;  the  leaflets  were 
made  of  white  Carnations,  with  Carnation  Crimson 
King  to  define  the  veins,  at  one  end  of  the  table, 
while  Violets  were  used  at  the  other  end  ;  all  were 
veiled  with  the  misty  fronds  of  Adiantum  gracillimum. 
The  blossoms  were  composed  of  four  petals,  worked 
out  in  solid  colours.  In  the  centre  was  a  square 
plateau  of  delicate  Adiantums  and  fancy  foliage 
plants.  The  whole  was  edged  in  ribbon  border  style 
with  fine  Rosebuds.  Each  of  the  other  three  designs 
contiined  Orchids,  but  this  one  had  none,  otherwise 
the  tljwers  in  general  were  good,  and  the  Roses 
especially  were  very  fine. 

Adiantums  and  other  good  Ferns  played  a  very 
important  part  in  all  the  best  work  throughout  the 
entire  exhibition,  and  are  certainly  destined  to  become 
used  mure  and  more  each  year  until  they  shall  occupy 
that  position  to  which  they  are  entitled.  There  was 
a  pendent  design  sent  by  Joseph  Kift  &  Son,  and  a 
piano  by  W.  A.  Wyatt,  which  was  nicely  made. 
There  were  also  windmills  and  other  incongruities, 


made  of  a  few  flowers  and  a  great  deal  of  wooiwoik, 
but  the  least  said  about  these  the  better.  Tlu 
Aiiiciiiait  Floriit.  [Surely  there  is  work  cut  oat  for 
our  contemporary  to  improve  the  public  taste.   Ed.] 


Botitcs  of  §oohs. 

Year  Book  of  the  Scientific  and  Learned 
Societies  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
1885.     Charles  Griffin  &  Co.,  1SS5. 

This  Year- Book  purports  to  give  an  account  of 
scientific  work  done  during  the  year  1884,  a  record  of 
progress,  and  a  convenient  handbook  of  reference.  It 
contains  a  list  of  the  several  scientific  and  literary 
societiesn"  metropolitan  and  provincial,  with  their 
oflicers,  and  an  indication  of  the  papers  and  memoirs 
published  during  the  year.  The  utility  of  such  a 
publication  is  unquestionable,  and  every  effort  should 
be  made  to  secure  completeness  and  accuracy. 

An  index  of  authors  and  of  subjects  might  advan- 
tageously be  given.  The  primary  object  of  the 
majority  who  use  this  book  is  not  to  ascertain  what 
has  been  done  at  or  in  a  particular  society,  but  what 
has  been  published  concerning  a  particular  subject. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  is  represented 
here  only  by  the  list  of  some  of  the  principal  officers, 
while  the  very  numerous  communications  made  to  its 
Scientific  Committee,  and  the  records  of  trials  and 
experiments  made  at  Chiswick,  are  entirely  omitted. 
This  omission  can  hardly  be  charged  to  the  Editors 
of  the  present  volume,  neither  can  it  he  attributed  to 
the  fact,  that  the  Society's  published  records  are  of  a 
sadly  intermittent  character,  for  the  very  next  para- 
graph is  devoted  to  the  Bedford  Park  Natural 
History  and  Gardening  Society,  in  which  we  find 
twelve  entries  of  papers  read,  but  no  indication  of 
any  cffi:ial  publication. 


Fruit  anti  Fruit  Trees,  &c.  By  Leo  II.  Gtin- 
don.     Manchester ;  Palmer  &  Howe. 

"This  volume  claims  to  be  no  more  than  an 
amateur's  contribution  to  the  literature  of  the  veiy 
large  and  varied  subject  of  fruits  and  fruiting  plants." 
This  introductory  statement  is  further  limited  by  the 
restriction  of  the  subject-matter  to  those  fruits  "  which 
are  either  produced  in  lireat  Britain,  or  which  are 
imported  from  foreign  countries  as  established  articles 
o(  commerce."  Mr.  Giindon  treats  his  subject  as  an 
amateur,  that  is,  not  as  a  practical  fruit  grower,  but, 
unlike  some  so-called  amateurs,  he  takes  pains  to  be 
accurate  in  his  statements,  and  does  not  merely  con- 
fine himself  to  the  task  of  writing  a  pleasant  book. 
The  latest  accessibe  information  is  pressed  into  the 
service,  as  an  instance  of  which  we  may  mention  that 
the  main  results  of  the  Apple  Congress  are  duly 
noted,  though,  oddly  enough,  the  oflicial  record 
drawn  up  by  Mr.  Barron,  and  which  will 
form  the  text-book  of  Apple  information  for 
years  to  come,  is  not  specifically  mentioned.  Of 
course,  the  corresponding  results  of  the  Pear  Congress 
are  too  recent  to  have  been  inserted  in  this  volume, 
hut  in  any  future  edition  the  outcome  of  the  Pear 
Congress  must  also  be  alluded  to.  Reference,  more- 
over, should  be  made  to  the  beautiful  Ilcrefardshiie 
romona,  so  recently  brought  to  a  close,  and  which 
Mr.  Grindon  might  have  worked  as  a  rich  quarry  of 
information  on  the  subject  on  which  he  treats.  Mr. 
Grindon  lightens  his  pages  with  scraps  of  literary 
gossip  and  philological  lore,  and  in  doing  so  his 
literary  skill  is  apparent,  for  while  they  serve  his  pur- 
pose they  are  strictly  pertinent  to  the  subject  in  hand, 
and  are  not  dragged  in  to  show  the  extent  of  the 
author's  reading,  or  the  capacity  of  his  note-books. 

The  source  of  "Jordan"  Almonds  might  naturally 
be  inferred  from  the  name  applied  to  the  nut,  but 
erroneously  so,  for  Mr.  Grindon  tells  us  the  name  is 
the  result  of  a  misunderstanding  of  the  name  given 
"m^hi  Pioii:ploriiiin  Pai-uidiint,  \.he  celebrated  old 
English-Latin  Dictionary,  compiled  in  1440,  by 
Geoffrey,  the  grammarian,  viz.,  'Jardyne  almaunde, 
amigdalum  jirdinum,'  literally  a  cultivated  or  garden 
Almond." 

Under  the  beading  of  the  Grapes  we  are  reminded 
that  England  raises  Grapes  for  export.  "  It  is  not 
generally  known,  but  none  the  less  one  of  the 
curiosities  of  modern  commerce,  that  Copenhagen  and 
St.  Petersburgh  are  largely  supplied  with  Grapes  from 
Yorkshire,  Grapes  grown   in   the   great   vineries   at 


Gorwick  Hall,  near  Goole."  This  we  suppose  is  an 
instance  of  trading  acceptable  to  fair  and  free  traders 
alike.  Mr.  Grindon's  book  is  like  ripe  fiuit,  season- 
able :  and  those  who  are  deliberating  as  to  the  choice 
of  a  Christmas  present  to  the  intelligent  schoolboy  of 
thejupper  forms,  may  have  their  embarrassment  satis- 
factorily ended  by  the  purchase  of  this  book. 

NOTES   FROM    NURSERIES. 

Messrs.  II.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley.— 
Supposing  it  to  be  possible  for  one  not  knowing  the 
season  of  the  year  to  be  dropped  at  the  present 
time  into  the  middle  of  Messrs.  Cannell's  Pelargo- 
nium and  other  houses  he  would  assuredly  think  it 
the  height  ot  summer  here,  and  not  "drear  Novem- 
ber." There  are  some  thirty-two  houses  devoted 
to  the  culture  of  Pelargoniums,  singles,  doubles,  and 
Ivies,  presenting  a  brilliant  display  of  colour,  ranging 
from  pure  white  and  through  all  shades  to  the  deepest 
crimson  ;  Begonias,  Chrysanthemums,  Cyclamens, 
Primulas,  Bouvardias,  Carnations,  &c.,  the  whole 
forming  a  floral  display  that  must  be  seen  to  be 
realised.  Before  entering  into  brief  details  concern- 
ing these  subjects  it  may  be  of  interest  to  note  a 
wrinkle  or  two  in  the  heating  of  the  houses 
adopted  by  Messrs.  Cannell,  who  are  nothing  if  not 
original  and  practical.  The  houses  are  heated  with 
Cannell's  "  Circulator,"  an  efticient  boiler.  The  pipes 
are  so'  arranged  that  what  is  usually  in  ordinary 
practice  the  "flow  "is  here  made  the  "  return  "pipe, 
and  VKC  wi-rf— quite  an  upsetting  of  the  old  notion, 
and  probably  a  nut  for  the  hot-water  engineers  to 
crack.  That  it  .answers,  and  admirably  so,  is  seen 
in  the  splendid  condition  of  the  plants. 

In  some  of  the  houses  the  usual  4inch  cast-iron 
pipes  are  supplemented  by  wrought-iron  pipes  I  inch 
in  diameter.  These,  viz  ,  the  wrought  pipes,  are 
fixed  directly  under  the  glass  and  near  the  lower  end 
of  the  sash-bars,  three  pipes  being  on  each  side  of  the 
roof,  the  lower  one  being  about  S  or  9  inches  from 
the  wall  plate,  and  the  others  9  and  18  inches  above 
it.  It  is  claimed— and  apparently  with  justice— for 
this  system  of  roof-heating  that  it  gives  a  more  equal 
distribution  of  heat  and  a  drier  atmosphere  (important 
essentials  in  the  cultivation  of  such  plants  as  are  here 
to  be  seen),  than  is  secured  by  the  common  method  of 
arranging  the  pipes. 

Out  of  such  a  host  of  Pelargoniums,  some  600 
varieties  being  grown,  it  is  necessarily  only  possible 
to  enumerate  a  few  of  the  best.  Ijueen  of  the 
Belgians,  a  splendid  variety,  one  of  the  purest  whites, 
a  fine  single-flowered  zcnal  ;  Le  Cygne,  double- 
floweied  zonal  of  the  same  character  as  the  preceding, 
and  a  valuable  addition  to  the  double-flowered  whites. 
Swanley  Gem,  bright  rosy-salmon,  of  a  most  dis- 
tinct, pleasing,  and  attractive  shade,  large  white 
centre  ;  extra  large,  fine-shaped  flowers  of  great 
substance,  a  fine  bold  truss,  and  a  striking  variety. 
Kentish  Fire— in  this  we  have  a  decided  advance  m 
the  crimson-scarlet  varieties,  flowers  of  fine  form  and 
substance,  good  overlapping  petals,  thus  possessing 
the  good  qualities  of  a  first-class  zonal  Pelargonium. 
Scarlet  Cloth— although  we  have  many  in  this  class 
of  colour  which  are  good,  yet  this  variety  will  be 
found  of  a  rich  shade  of  scarlet,  with  enormous 
flowers  and  trusse;.  Mrs.  W.  E.  Garden  (double), 
soft  rosy-cerise  of  pleasing  tint,  the  flowers  full  and 
of  good  form,  a  fine  variety  for  winter  flowering  ;  habit 
good,  free,  and  etYective.  Emile  Lemoine— double- 
flowered  Ivy-leaved  ;  in  this  we  have  a  new  edition 
to  this  increasingly  popular  section  ;  colour  quite 
distinct  to  anything  yet  seen  in  this  class  of  Pelargo- 
niums, of  a  rich  orange-scarlet  shade,  the  pips  large 
and  semi-double  ;  an  acquisition  of  much  merit. 

Some  five  houses,  containing  Sooo  plants,  were  filled 
with  Chrysanthemums  of  all  kinds,  including  the 
newest  varieties.  The  plants  are  sunk  in  the  ground 
—  viz.,  not  placed  on  stages,  so  that  the  visitor  has  a 
better  opportunity  of  observing  them,  as  they  may  be 
looked  down  upon  instead  of  their  being  above  the 
line  of  sight,  as  is  too  olten  the  case. 

November  is  an  unusual  season  in  which  to  see 
Begonias  in  quantity  in  lljwer,  but  we  saw  here  a 
house  about  100  feet  long  of  this  showy  flower  in 
fine  trim,  that  brought  back  visions  of  hot  July  (the 
month  par  crcdlaicc  for  the  Begonia)  to  our  mind. 

Cyclamens,  a  grand  batch,  were  just  beginning  Lo 
"  peep,"  as  if  to  give  us  a  foretaste  of  what  the  plants 
would  'be  at  a  liter  period.  Primulas,  as  is  well 
known,  are   made  a  specialty  of  at  Swanley  ;  of  the 


724 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[DrxEMBKR  5,   1S85. 


useful  old  albo-plena  for  cut  flowers  a  large  stock  is 
grown.  Swanley  Blue  Primula,  having  a  distinct 
shade  of  blue  in  its  symmetrical  Bowers,  is  a  good 
thing,  and  is  probably  the  best  of  the  colour  yet  out. 
Of  that  sweet  useful  winter  flower  the  Bouvardia  an 
immense  stock  is  grown,  and  comprising  all  the  best 
varieties,  specially  noticeable  being  Humboldtii 
corymbiflora,  of  free  growth,  line  large  flowers,  and 
of  pleasant  aromatic  scent,  snow-white  ;  this  is  a  very 
fine  variety.  A  good  commercial  plant  is  the  now 
well  known  Carnation,  Pride  of  Penshurst  ;  some 
thousands  of  it  are  grown  at  Swanley. 

One  of  the  most  desirable  plants  in  cultivation  is 
Salvia  Pitcheri,  a  very  beautiful  herbaceous  plant, 
with  branching  stems  2  to  3  feet  in  height ;  colour 
azure-blue,  producing  a  quantity  of  flowers  during  the 
autumn  months. 

We  have  spoken  thus  far  very  inadequately  of 
plants  producing  flowers,  just  one  note  of  a  house 
devoted  to  foliage  plants.  These  are  mainly 
foliaged  Begonias,  very  beautiful,  interspersed  with 
variegated  Aspidistras,  small  Palms,  Dracaenas,  and 
elegant  Ferns ;  the  beautiful  Panicum  variegatum, 
relieved  by  green  moss,  gracefully  draping  the  walls 
below  the  stage  on  each  side  of  the  house.  Standing 
at  the  entrance  to  this  ht)use,  and  looking  down  its 
long  vista,  the  effect  is  very  striking.   B, 


HEMLOCK    SPRUCE    BARK 
EXTRACT. 

This  substance,  which  is  now  much  used  for  tan- 
ning, is  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the  Hemlock  Spruce 
(Tsuga  canadensis,  Carriere  =  Abies  canadensis,  Lin- 
noeus),  a  tree  70  to  So  feet  high,  found  over  a  very 
extensive  area  in  North  America,  extending  from 
Nova  Scotia,  Hudson's  Bay,  and  New  Brunswick, 
through  Canada  and  the  United  States,  as  far  south 
as  North  Carolina.  The  tree  yields  Canada  pitch, 
used  for  similar  purposes  as  Burgundy  pitch  in 
Europe.  Oil  of  Spruce,  or  oil  of  Hemlock,  is  also  dis- 
tilled from  the  leaves,  and  used  in  medicine.  The  bark 
contains  nearly  14  per  cent,  of  tannin.  In  the  southern 
parts  of  the  United  Slates  the  stripping  of  the  bark 
commences  in  the  spring,  and  continues  during  April 
and  May.  In  New  York,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin, 
the  bark  is  collected  in  June  and  July,  and  further 
north  it  is  still  later  ;  that  obtained  furthest  south  is 
said  to  be  of  the  best  quality.  In  consequence  of  the 
demand  lor  Hemlock  bark,  the  forests  are  said  to  be 
fast  disappearing.  The  extract,  which  has  superseded 
the  export  of  the  crude  bark,  contains  from  18  to  25 
per  cent,  of  a  deep  red  tannin,  which  gives  consider- 
able weight  and  firmness  to  leather.  The  following 
is  given  as  the  mode  of  preparing  the  extract  :— 
"  The  bark,  in  pieces  \  to  i  inch  thick,  and  several 
inches  long,  is  soaked  lor  about  15  minutes  in  water 
at  93°  Cent.  {200°  Fahr.)  ;  it  is  then  fed  into  a 
hopper,  which  conducts  it  to  a  3. roller  machine, 
something  like  a  sugar-cane  mill,  through  which 
it  passes.  Coming  out  lacerated  and  compressed, 
it  next  falls  into  a  vat  of  hot  water,  where 
it  is  agitated  by  a  wheel,  that  the  tannin 
from  the  crushed  cells  may  be  dissolved  in  the 
water  ;  hence  it  is  raised  by  a  series  of  buckets  on  an 
endless  chain  somewhat  in  the  manner  of  a  grain  ele- 
vator, to  another  hopper,  whence  it  is  fed  to  another 
3-roller  mill  ;  here  it  receives  its  final  compression, 
and  comes  out  in  flakes  or  sheets  like  coarse  paper,  and 
almost  free  from  tannin.  The  buckets  are  made  of 
coarse  wire  that  the  water  may  drip  through  during 
the  elevation.  In  order  to  avoid  the  blackening 
action  of  iron  whenever  this  metal  is  brought  into 
contact  with  the  solutions,  it  is  thickly  coated  with 
zinc.  The  solution  is  evaporated  to  a  solid  con- 
sistency generally  by  vacuum-pans.  About  2  tons  of 
bark  are  represented  by  one  bar  (of  less  than  500  lb.) 
of  extract."  The  total  production  of  extract  is  pro- 
bably over  10,000  tons  annually,  ranging  in  value 
between  £17  and  ^23  per  ton. 

No  returns  are  available  as  to  the  quantity  and 
value  of  the  extract  imported  into  Britain,  as  it  is 
included  under  barks  and  extracts  used  by  dyers  and 
tanners.  Neither  is  there  any  record  of  the  cost  of 
extraction  ;  the  profits,  however,  must  be  sufiicient  to 
maintain  a  large  plant  and  a  considerable  number  of 
hands. 

From  the  general  use  of  the  extract,  it  would  seem 
that  it  is  applicable  to  most,  if  not  to  all,  kinds  of 
leather.  It  also  has  a  medicinal  value,  in  con- 
quence  of  its  having  similar  properties  and  effects  to 
extract  of  Rhatany  (Krameria  triandra),  and  con- 
sequently applicable  as  a  medicine  where  that  drug  is 
applied.    John  R.  Jackson,  Museum,  Kew. 


J40ME    j^oi?f;e3pondence. 


Daffodils :  Leeds  and  Herbert.— It  will  be 
a  great  pity  if  the  Rev.  Wolley  Dod's  informant  does 
not  give  us  his  own  account  of  his  conversations  with 
the  late  Mr.  Leeds.  I  have  myself  seen  a  good  many 
of  Herbert's  letters  written  during  the  comparative 
short  period  of  his  life  when  he  really  studied  the 
Narcis.si,  and  in  these  letters  he  frequently  requests 
aid  from  his  contemporaries,  but  very  rarely  offers 
any  on  his  own  part.  I  note  that  it  was  "species 
only  "  that  Leeds  is  supposed  to  have  received  from 
him,  so  that  the  credit  of  Leeds'  own  labours  is 
=ecure.  That  Leeds  was  fully  alive  to  the  value  of 
Dean  Herbert's  literary  labours  and  hybridising  expe- 
riments is  proved  by  his  own  reference  to  them  in 
the  Gardeners''  Ma^^azine  of  Botany  at  the  time  his 
own  seedling  Narcissi  were  being  illustrated  therein, 
in  the  year  1851.  I  hope  Mr.  W.  Dod's  informant 
will  kindly  and  of  his  own  generosity  tell  us  all  he 
remembers  of  the  late  Mr.  Leeds  and  of  his  work. 
f.  W.  BiirhW-e. 

Cladotrichum  passifiorae,  n.  j/.  — I  venture  to 
propose  the  above  name  for  a  very  curious  black  mould 
which  occurred,  but  very  sparingly,  on  leaves  of  Passi- 
flora  quadrangularis  here  this  spring,  and  which,  by  a 
slight  expansion  of  Corda's  genus,  Cladotrichum,  may 
be  included  in  it.     It  consists  of  somewhat  branched 


septate  mycelium  of  a  darkish  brown  colour  ;  from  this 
arises  a  slender  hypha  or  thread  slightly  swollen  at  the 
tip,  I — 2  septate,  which  produce  a  .-.ingle  branch  much 
swollen  and  very  black,  bearing  at  its  extremity  a 
simple  hyalire  spore.  It  would  thus  accord  with 
Corda's  genus  in  every  respect,  except  in  having 
simple  and  not  septate  spores.  The  form  is  a  some- 
what obscure  one,  and  it  is  not  ea^y  to  determine 
whether  the  dark  bulbous  swelling  is  the  spore  with  a 
hyaline  appendage,  or  whether  the  said  appendage  is 
the  real  spore  ;  a  portion  is  sometimes  left  adherent 
to  the  end,  and  on  the  other  hand  these  bodies  are 
often  free.  The  very  small  amount  of  material  oli- 
tained — a  few  specks  on  a  single  dead  leaf— rendered 
all  attempts  at  germination  impracticable.  The 
spores  are  about  .  0005  inch  x  .0003  inch  ;  the 
swollen  portion  .0007  inch  x  .0004inch.  In  fig.  164 
A  represents  a  group  on  the  epidermis  of  the  leaf,  and 
B  a  single  detached  specimen  ;  c,  spores  (?).  Green- 
wood Pirn,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  Monkslo^un,  Dublin. 

Ten-week  Stocks  for  Market.— A  market  gar- 
dener in  a  large  way  in  West  Middlesex  grows  these 
largely  for  marketing  in  early  summer,  but  he  sows 
the  seeds  early  in  November  instead  of  in  early  spring. 
The  seeds  are  sown  in  pans  and  shallow  boxes, 
in  suitable  soil,  stood  on  raised  sloping  beds  in 
cold  frames,  raised  up  near  the  glass,  and  where  the 
sun  can  fall  freely  upon  them.  During  the  winter 
air  is  given  on  all  favourable  occasions,  and  when 
severe  weather  sets  in  they  are  kept  covered  up  from 
frost.  By  the  spring  they  have  formed  line  young 
plants,  they  are  then  pricked  off  into  cold  frames  for 
a  time,  and   finally  planted  out  in  good  soil  in   the 


open  ground,  with  good  balls  of  earth  attaching  to 
the  roots.  This  is  done  as  soon  as  convenient,  and 
it  is  found  that  they  grow  freely  and  robustly,  and 
produce  many  spikes  of  flower  that  are  bunched  and 
sent  to  market.  Three  colours  are  grown — the 
purple,  crimson,  and  white,  the  latter  rather  more 
largely,  and  the  purple  less  than  the  other  two. 
These  come  in  well  to  follow  the  autumnal  and  Queen 
Stocks,  and  they  in  turn  are  followed  by  the  Ten- 
week  Stocks  raised  from  seed  in  spring.   R.  D. 

Summer  Hill,  Pendleton,  the  seat  of  W. 
Agnew,  Esq.,  M.P.,is  just  now  a  most  interesting  spot 
to  visit.  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  calling  here  on 
several  occasions,  but  I  think  I  was  never  so  pleased 
as  when  I  had  a  look  through  the  houses  a  few  days 
ago.  Mr.  Agnew  is  a  great  lover  of  Orchids,  as  may 
be  gathered  from  some  of  the  prices  paid  for  plants  at 
the  Manley  Hall  sale  thirteen  years  ago,  but  it  was 
not  so  much  the  Orchids  that  took  me  there  as  the 
ordinary  winter  blooming  plants  now  making  the 
houses  gay  and  attractive.  Mr.  Bradley,  the 
gardener,  has  ever  to  have  at  hand  a  good  supply  for 
cutting  purposes,  and  so  one  part  of  his  Chrysanthe- 
mums are  permitted  to  bring  three  or  more  flowers  on 
a  stem  ;  for  vases  and  basket,  &c.,  such  medium 
flowers  are  very  serviceable.  A  second  lot  of  plants 
are  disbudded  to  a  single  bloom,  and  at  the  present 
time  this  batch  is  very  gay.  The  flowers  are  of  large 
size  and  good  form,  the  Japanese,  of  which  there  are 
many  sorts,  are  especially  fine.  A  third  batch  is  also 
grown,  which  will  carry  on  the  blooming  period  till 
Christmas  and  the  new  year.  In  the  house  next  this 
is  a  fine  batch  of  Primulas,  well  grown  and  flowered, 
capital  plants,  with  trusses  well  up  above  the  leaves. 
The  division  adjoining  this  one  is  deserving  of  special 
mention,  as  the  subjects,  though  well-known  and 
usually  well  done,  are  not  often  blended  together  in 
the  manner  in  which  we  saw  them  here.  On  the 
side  stages  (for  a  path  runs  through  the  centre  of  the 
house)  are  a  large  number  of  well-grown  Poinsettias, 
with  large  and  showy  bracts  and  flowers.  These  have 
kept  their  leaves  fresh  and  green,  so  that  the  bare 
naked  appearance  these  often  present  is  not  here 
noticeable.  Arranged  amongst  these  all  through  the 
house  are  many  plants  of  the  different  forms  of 
Calanthe,  viz.,  Veitchi,  vestita  rosea  and  lutea  ;  the 
spikes  of  those  latter  just  elevated  and  slightly  curving 
over  the  Poinsettias  produce  a  happy  combination, 
and  one  that  is  very  striking  on  a  first  inspection, 
A  row  of  Poinsettias  at  the  back  of  both  stages  will 
shortly  be  opening  their  bright  orange-scarlet  flowers, 
then  the  effect  will  be  even  more  attractive.  (Hood 
Ccelogynes,  Dendrobes,  Vandas,  &c. ,  with  Phalse- 
nopsis  Luddemanniana,  a  mass  having  eighteen 
plants  growing  together,  with  a  nice  lot  of  Odonto- 
glossums,  are  a  sample  of  the  Orchids  to  be  seen. 
The  specimen  Camellias,  too,  in  a  very  short  time 
will  be  covered  with  their  useful  flowers.  Mr. 
Bradley  finds  his  Calanthes  succeed  best  grown  in 
baskets  and  hung  up  in  the  stoves  ;  certainly  nothing 
could  be  much  finer  than  the  bulbs  and  spikes  now 
produced,  the  result  of  a  very  careful  and  liberal 
supply  of  heat,  air,  and  water.    W.  Swan,  Fallowfield. 

Hardy  Ferns  at  Kew. — In  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  for  July  17,  1875.  p.  7S,  I  find  a  para- 
graph relating  to  a  number  of  greenhouse  Ferns  that 
were  planted  out  for  trial  among  the  hardy  Fern 
collection  at  Kew.  We  should  be  glad  to  learn  from 
the  Kew  authorities  whether  these  have  continued  to 
stand  out  up  to  the  present  date.  They  are  as 
follows  : — Adiantum  hispidulum,  Cyrtomium  falcatum 
var.  caryotideum,  Asplenium  obtusatum,  A.  umbro- 
sum,  Lastreadecomposita,  Doodia  aspera,  D.  caudata, 
D.  media,  Lomaria  procera,  Onychium  japonicum, 
Polypodium  Billardieri,  P.  plebeium,  Pteris  cretica, 
Woodwardia  orientalis,  and  W.  radicans.  Should 
these  have  done  well  in  the  open  air  we  shall  be 
induced  to  try  several  other  cool-house  species  which 
we  are  inclined  to  think  are  quite  as  hardy  as  the 
above,  H.  C. 

Pears. — I  hope  that  the  Pear  Congress  which  has 
been  held  at  Chiswick  will  be  the  means  of  drawing 
attention  to  the  great  number  of  worthless  varieties  of 
this  useful  fruit  with  which  our  gardens  are  en- 
cumbered. In  the  gardens  of  which  I  have  charge  there 
are  scores  of  Pear  trees,  the  fruit  of  which  is  absolutely 
worthless — small,  hard,  round  ones,  and  some  conical, 
that  never  will  soften  or  ripen,  no  matter  how  long 
they  are  stored.     A  friend  of  mine,  who  made  a  con- 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


725 


tribution  of  over  three  dozen  samples  of  varieties 
grown  in  this  district  to  the  Congress,  showed  them 
to  me  before  sending  them  off,  and  I  can  candidly 
affirm  that  there  were  about  only  eight  sorts  amongst 
them  which  I  could  honestly  recommend  to  any  one 
about  to  make  a  new  orchard.  Of  all  that  I  am 
acquainted  with  in  this  district  the  following  sorts 
are  those  of  which  I  approve,  viz.  :  — Jargonelle, 
Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Souvenir  du  Congr^s, 
Autumn  Bergamot,  Baron  de  Mello,  Beurre  Clair- 
geau,  Brown  Beurre,  Beurre  Diel,  liaster  Beurre, 
Marie  Louise,  Glou  Mor(^eau,  Napoleon,  Louis, 
Bonne,  Passe  Colmar,  and  Bishop's  Thumb.  The 
rest  I  should  not  give  place  in  a  garden,  and  would 
urge  our  nurserymen  to  propagate  none  of  them,  and 
only  grow  such  as  will  be  found  to  be  good  by  a  con- 
currence of  opinion.  A.  MacJonald,  Cheadle,  Man- 
chester, 

Grevillea  robusta.— This  well  known  New 
Holland  evergreen  greenhouse  shrub  is  much  more 
grown  as  an  ornamental  rather  than  a  flowering  plant, 
because  of  its  elegant  Fern-like  foliage.  And  what  a 
useful  plant  it  is,  for  it  is  one  of  the  best  things  to 
use  in  rooms,  as  it  will  stand  gas,  drought,  dirt,  sun, 
S:c.,  as  well,  if  not  better  than  any  other  suliject.  It 
is  not,  therefore,  to  be  wondered  at  that  it  is  largely 
in  demand  for  indoor  purposes.  At  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Son's  nursery  at  Reading  in  the  summer  just  past 
could  be  seen  a  number  of  handsome  young  plants 
that  had  been  raised  from  seeds.  The  seeds  were 
sown  early  in  January,  and  raised  in  a  temperature 
of  70*  to  So°.  They  germinate  very  irregularly  ; 
those  that  grow  at  once  are  raised  in  about  six  weeks. 
The  pans  are  kept  indoors  for  six  months,  and  then 
they  are  placed  out-of-doors  to  take  the  chance  of 
any  further  plants  putting  in  appearance,  R,  D, 

Tomato  Roots  Diseased. — Can  you  tell  me 
what  is  the  malady  affecting  the  two  pieces  of  roots 
of  some  Tomato  plants  which  I  send  you  ?  I  have 
made  other  inquiries  before  troubling  you,  but 
should  be  thankful  for  the  benefit  of  your  practical 
opinion  through  the  medium  of  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle,  The  specimen  sent  you  is  one  of  the  worst, 
but  there  are  some  others  as  bad.  The  attack  of  the 
present  season  has  not  been  the  first  I  have  had,  but 
it  has  been  much  worse  than  in  former  years,  and  the 
attack  was  visible  at  a  much  younger  stage  of  the 
growth  (both  in  Tomatos  and  Cucumbers)  than  for- 
merly. J.  J.  Rolfe.  [The  answer  is  given  in  the 
"  Notices  to  Correspondents  "  in  this  issue.   Ed.] 

Diseased  Orchids.— The  following  letter  was 
received  by  us  from  Mr.  Hugh  Low,  Clapton, 
to  whom  it  had  been  sent  by  a  correspondent  : — 
*'  Your  traveller,  Mr.  Casey,  called  upon  me  lately 
and  I  showed  him  the  leaves  of  my  Odontoglossums 
made  in  18S4,  also  leaves  on  my  Dendrobium  thyrsi- 
florum,  both  diseased,  and  it  came  on  them  in  April, 
and  now  again  it  is  going  worse.  Casey  told  me  if  I 
sent  you  some  leaves  you  would  kindly  send  them  to 
the  Gardeners'  Ghroniclc.  The  lot  marked  No.  2 
are  Odontoglots  in  various  stages  of  decay.  Lot  3  a 
single  leaf,  on  which  at  the  under  side  near  the  tip 
(the  extreme  tip  I  cut  off  to  examine),  with  the  aid 
of  a  pocket  lens,  you  can  see  groups  of  small  lumps 
or  dots  raised  on  the  surface.  These  I  want  him  to 
particularly  notice.  No.  i,  Dendrobium  leaves  all 
spotted  or  blotched  with  what  I  believe  to  be  fungi. 
If  you  can  help  me  to  what  it  is  that  causes  this 
disease  on  my  plants  and  the  best  way  to  quit  it  I 
shall  esteem  it  a  great  favour.  R.  P.  Percival"  [Mr, 
Worthington  Smith's  reply  to  the  above  will  be  found 
this  week  in  "Answers  to  Correspondents."  Ed.] 

Magnolia  grandiflora.— Here  in  Devonshire  it 
is  usual  to  meet  with  fine  specimens  of  this  lovely 
fragrant  white-flowered  evergreen,  sometimes  as  a 
bush  or  tree,  but  more  frequently  growing  against  a 
wall.  As  an  instance  it  would  not  be  untrue  to 
describe  the  lawn  at  Sea  Grove,  Dawlish  (J.  L.  Lea, 
Esq.,  M.P.),  as  "a  plantation  of  Magnolia  trees."  I 
have  not  yet  had  the  pleasure  of  inspecting  this  re- 
markable collection  when  in  full  bloom,  but  judging 
from  the  description  sent  by  the  gardener,  Mr.  Cole- 
man, the  sight  must  be  a  fine  one.  Last  September 
I  was,  however,  fortunate  in  seeing  in  flower  at 
Wimborne,  Dorset,  the  best  wall  of  Magnolias  I  have 
yet  seen,  and  through  the  courtesy  of  Lord  Wim- 
borne's  gardener,  Mr.  Williams,  who  took  me  over 
the  highly  ornamental  park  and  gardens  of  Canford 
Manor.     The  wall  in  question  is  not  far  from,  and 


(so  far  as  I  can  remember)  in  a  line  with  the  front  of 
the  mansion,  and  is  25  feet  in  height  and  about  150 
feet  in  length.  All  this  is  entirely  covered  from  end 
to  end  in  a  very  effective  manner,  with  eight  magnifi- 
cent Magnolias,  planted  equidistant,  seven  being -the 
free-flowering  variety  (Magnolia  grandiflora  exoni- 
ensis).    IV,  Mapper, 

Meconopsis  nepalensis.— I  do  not  think  Meco- 
nopsis  nepalensis  is  enough  grown  in  gardens  for  its 
foliage  ;  at  this  season  beautiful  objects  in  gardens 
get  scarce,  the  Meconopsis,  which  is  grown  in  many 
places  in  our  experimental  garden,  at  Wisley,  con- 
stantly pulls  me  up  to  admire  it  in  passing.  The  soft 
grey-green  blankety  leaves,  with  rain  or  dewdrops  on 
them,  are  really  beautiful,  and  seem  not  to  care  for 
frost.  The  plant  is  very  easy  of  cultivation,  it  likes 
good  lo^y  soil,  not  too  dry,  and  though  only  a 
biennial,  sows  itself  about,  and  so  keeps  up  the 
supply.   G,  F,  Wilson, 

Lycaste  cruenta.— In  the  seed-vessel  of  this  plant 
(fig.  165)  we  have  adifferent  form  tomost  of  those  we  have 
already  figured.  It  is  club-shaped,  with  its  broadest 
diameter  near  the  top,  where  may  be  seen  remains  of 
the  thick  fleshy  column.     The  very  stout  prominent 


Fig.    165. — LYCASTE  CRUENTA. 

ribs  are  also  noteworthy.  The  varied  forms  of  these 
organs  are  clearly  due  to  disproportionate  rate  and 
intensity  of  growth  in  some  parts  as  compared  with 
others,  but  it  is  not  easy  to  assign  any  reason  for 
the  disproportion  except  hereditary  tendency,  and  we 
are  more  in  the  dark  as  to  why  the  progenitors  of 
our  Lycaste  produced  seed-vessels  of  this  form  (as 
they  probably  did),  than  to  account  for  the  like 
phenomenon  in  their  descendants.  M,  T.  M. 

Abies  nobilis,  var.  robusta. — I  am  glad  this 
particular  case  has  been  further  investigated,  and  a 
conclusion  arrived  at.  When  I  first  saw  this  plant  at 
the  Cranston  Company's,  I  took  it  to  be  Abies 
magnifica  ;  it  had  the  remnants'  of  a  cone  left  on 
it,  so  I  sent  it  to  Mr.  Syme,  who  described  and 
figured  it.  I  cannot  find  my  remarks  relating  to  the 
cones  of  the  following  year,  viz.,  1S7S  ;  but  by  your 
illustration  the  bracts  seem  to  have  become  elongated, 
but  they  were  at  that  time  decidedly  inflexed,  the 
cones  were  not  so  long  as  they  are  in  A.  nobilis,  and 
were  more  obtuse  at  the  apex.  It  will  be  interesting 
to  note  if  it  still  further  changes  its  characters,  viz., 
if  the  cones  become  longer,  and  more  pointed,  and  if 
the  bracts,  which  are  now  at  right  angles  to  the  cone, 
become  reflexed  ;  if  so,  I  think  it  will  be  the  most 
conclusive  evidence  that  it  is  simply  a  variety  or 
sport  of  A.  nobilis.  IVm.  Partridge,  Fenham  Nur- 
series, NcwcaslIe-on-Tyne.  [There  is  no  doubt  that 
the  plant  we  flgured  at  p.  657  is  a  form  of  A.  nobilis. 


The  scales  have  now  all  turned  down,  as  in  ordinary 
nobilis.  If  it  be  really  true  that  the  cones  with 
inflexed  scales,  sent  by  Mr.  Syme,  figured  on  the 
left-hand  side  of  fig.  148,  came  from  the  same  tree  as 
that  which  produced  the  cones  figured  at  p.  657,  the 
interest  is  even  greater,  but  we  should  like  to  be  sure 
on  this  point.  Ed.] 

Honours  to  Horticulture.— I  observe  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  last  week  an  account  of  the 
distinctions  awarded  to  horticulturists  in  Belgium, 
supplemented  with  the  remark  "  How  strange  it 
would  seem  in  this  country  if  Messrs.  So-and-so  and 
others,  who  contributed  to  the  success  of  the  late  In- 
ventions Exhibition  were  named  ,  members  of  the 
Order  of  Victoria."  Why  strange?  Because  there 
are  no  precedents  for  it  ?  True.  Bit  wise  men  make  . 
precedents.  These  distinctions  are  admittedly  given 
in  recognition  of  services  rendered  to  the  State,  and  as 
a  stimulus  to  further  exertion.  Who  shall  say  that 
horticulturists  have  not  a  fair  claim  to  recognition  on 
these  grounds  ?  And  if  they  had  received  it  in  the 
past  they  would  have  had  a  readier  will  and  more 
power  to  inaugurate  and  push  on  the  movement 
for  an  International  Horticultural  Exhibition  now 
projected.  Look  at  the  importance  of  horticulture, 
which  I  regard  as  synonymous  with  cultivation  in 
dealing  with  the  raw  material  of  food,  clothing,  and 
the  many  vegetable  productions  put  to  various  econo- 
mical uses,  as  well  as  the  beautiful  objects  constantly 
brought^forward  to  decorate  our  hearths  and  homes. 
Who  will  say  that  an  art — or  a  science  and  art,  for  it 
is  both — that  has  eight  weekly  journals  as  its  chronic- 
lers and  exponents  is  of  small  interest  or  importance 
in  the  eyes  of  the  community  ?  The  horticulturist  is 
literally  the  man  who  makes  two  blades  of  grass  grow 
where  but  one  grew  before  his  interposition.  But  I 
do  not  think  this  State  recognition  is  due  simply  for 
services  rendered  at  the  late  Inventions  Exhibition, 
however  great  they  may  have  been,  but  rather  for  a 
summing-up  of  services  over  a  lengthened  period  in 
the  past.  But  our  quiet  and  plodding  horticulturist 
has  been  so  used  to  be  treated  by  the  great  as  a  mere 
hewer  of  wood  and  drawer  of  water,  probably  because 
he  is  seldom  a  diplomatist,  that  the  enterprise  which 
is  unquestionably  in  him  has  never  been  nurtured  and 
developed.  It  would  surely  be  a  patriotic  and  popular 
movement  if  you,  Mr.  Editor,  would  place  his  claims 
to  this  recognition  fully  and  fairly  before  the  powers 
that  be,  to  be  dealt  with  according  to  their  deserts. 
If  found  to  be  fairly  recognisable,  I  venture  to  pre- 
dict that  it  would  give  a  great  impetus  to  a  most 
useful,  ornamental,  and  order-promoting  art.  And 
it  would  be  a  gracious  act  on  the  part  of  Her 
Majesty's  Commissioners  of  the  Exhibition  0(1851, 
who  have  succeeded  to  the  garden  at  South  Ken- 
sington which  the  I^oyal  Horticultural  Society  made, 
but  couldn't  hold,  if  they  were  to  lend  a  helping 
hand  in  the  work.  F,R.H.S.  [We  shall  have  some- 
thing to  say  on  this  subject  on  another  occasion.  In 
the  meantime  we  should  be  glad  to  hear  of  the 
opinions  of  others  of  our  correspondents.   Ed.] 

Primula  floribunda.— I  think  it  is  impossible  to 
over-praise  this  beautiful  and  useful  species,  because 
of  its  simple  elegance  and  its  marvellous  prolificacy  of 
bloom.  Seedling  plants  raised  at  the  end  of  last 
summer  and  grown  on  into  size  are  now  flowering 
profusely,  and  have  been  blooming  without  intermis- 
sion since  June  last.  Having  by  the  end  of  Apri- 
filled  some  small  6osized  pots  with  roots,  they  were 
then  shifted  into  4S's,  well  drained,  leaf-mould, 
grit,  and  loam  forming  the  compost,  and  some 
pieces  of  charcoal  mingled  with  it.  The  plants  were 
potted  a  little  deeply,  the  soil  being  within  an  inch  of 
the  top  of  the  rim,  and  on  the  surface  some  stones 
were  laid,  supporting  the  plant  all  round.  This  has 
operated  to  keep  the  surface  of  the  soil  cool  and 
moist — a  condition  of  things  the  plants  appeared  to 
like.  All  the  summer  the  pots  have  occupied  a  shelf 
in  the  greenhouse,  where  but  little  sun  falls  upon 
them  ;  and  this  position  appears  to  be  favourable  to 
their  wellbeing.  They  make  an  admirable  fringe  to 
other  plants  on  a  shelf,  and  the  stems  bearing  their 
many  whorls  of  blossoms  gradually  become  pen- 
dent, and  hang  down  over  the  sides  of  the  pots. 
This  species  appears  to  grow  much  more  freely 
in  the  cool  autumn  weather  than  during  the  hot 
days  of  summer  :  this  is  so  in  my  case,  but  it  may  no. 
always  be  so.  I  notice  that  all  my  plants — about  a 
dozen — have  flowers  in  which  the  pistil  or  pin  is  very 
prominent,  but  as  I  have  reason  to  believe  they  all 


726 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  j,  1S85. 


cam=  from  one  pirent,  this  may  be  explained.  But 
ha5  any  one  noticed  ihrum-eyed  flowers  in  this  species  ? 
And  is  it  capable  of  being  improved-that  is,  in  the 
siz»  and  form  of  the  flowers  ?  Also,  is  it  reasonable 
to  e^iect  that  other  shades  of  colour  miRht  be  forth- 
coming; ?  Would  P.  obconica  and  P.  floribunJa  cross 
with  each  other?  They  are  both  such  persistent 
bloomers  that  could  a  cross  be  accomplished  some- 
thing interesting  might  result.  I  think  P.  obconica 
less  hardy  than  P.  floribunda  ;  at  any  rate,  I  can 
manage  the  latter  more  successfully  in  a  cold  house. 
P.  obconica  appears  to  do  better  in  a  warmer  and 
drier  atmosphere,  as  it  is  to  all  appearance  suscep- 
tible of  damp,  and  appears  to  die  when  the  soil  about 
the  roots  is  over-moist.  It  evidently  requires  to  be 
well  drained.  But  it  is  such  a  marvellous  Bowerer, 
blooming  in  a  gentle  heat  nearly  or  quite  all  the  year 
round,  that  it  will  always  be  a  great  favourite  wilh 
those  who  can  grow  and  flower  it.  Do  seedlings 
from  this  show  any  variation  in  colour  ?  R.  D. 

Floral  Pyramids.— I  can  quite  believe  in  the  re- 
marks of  your  correspondent  "  X.  "  in  reporting  the 
beauties  of  ihe  floral  pyranlids  of  Ivy-leaved  Pelargo- 
niums as  grown  at  Coombe  Warren  by  Mr.  Profit.  To 
my  thinking,  nothing  adds  to  the  grandeur  of 
the  flower  garden,  and  more  especially  the  formal 
terrace,  where  a  certain  amount  of  stonework  or 
sculpture  takes  a  prominent  position.  I  am  aware 
that  some  consider  the  stonework  of  the  terrace  bad 
taste  and  rather  hard  lines,  and  wouM  only  admit  of 
the  mansion  being  connected  »iih  the  shrubbery  or 
the  forest  wilh  natural  groups  of  beds  or  bushes, 
undulating  lawns,  bold  curving  walks,  and  natural- 
formed  lakes,  with  beds  of  Digwood  and  other 
shrubs  blazing  away  in  the  distance.  Such  is  the 
fancy  of  some  modern  landscape  gardeners,  and  may 
be  termed  the  cheap  extreme.  The  flights  of  steps, 
balustrades,  and  expensive  stonework  is  all  aitificial 
grandeur,  which  may  be  called  the  expensive  ex- 
treme. But  where  such  are  found,  nothing  sets  the 
artificial  terrace  off  so  much  as  pyramids  of  any 
sort,  whether  Orange  trees  in  tubs  or  hardy 
shrubs  planted  out  and  cut  pyramidal  fashion. 
When  tender  things  are  taken  indoors  for  pro- 
tection, the  hard?  formal  established  shrubs  take 
away  the  bareness  of  the  terrace  for  the  winter, 
and  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  flat  beds  of  Pelar- 
goniums, &c.,  nothing  adds  so  much  to  the  splendour 
of  the  scene  as  floral  pyramids,  even  of  the  most  com- 
mon Pelargonium  and  Fuchsia.  Fancy  the  old  Riccar- 
toni  Fuchsi,  in  the  West  of  Scotlaad,  attaining  the 
height  of  an  ordinary  haystacks,  which  our  inland 
situation  will  not  admit  ;  and  to  make  ihe  best  of  our 
floral  display,  the  storing  of  our  fancy  and  tender 
plants  for  nearly  seven  months  in  the  year  is  our 
greatest  dififlculty,  more  especially  as  some  of  them 
require,  to  get  them  up  a  decent  height,  several 
years'  attention,  and  to  be  pinched,  as  it  wai  last 
September,  when  in  full  flower.  It  is  a  question 
whether  they  are  worth  all  the  trouble,  at  all  events 
unless  comfortable  quarters  are  provided  for  them 
after  being  lifted,  any  attempt  to  go  into  the  pyramidal 
line  will  become  a  failure.  Some  years  ago  Mr.  Hugh, 
of  Fulham  Palace,  used  to  grow  the  old  Kentish 
Scarlet  Pelargonium,  12  feet  high;  Mr.  Tillyard  of 
Brocklesby,  when  at  B^ntley  Priory,  used  to  adorn 
the  terrace  with  grand  imposing  pyramids,  with  such 
things  as  Pelargoniums,  Heliotropes,  and  Calceolaria 
amplexicaulis.  At  the  time  of  my  visit,  if  my 
memory  fail  me  not,  some  of  them  were  upwards 
of  6  feet  high.  And  now,  when  we  have  such 
vigorous  and  strong  growing  varieties  of  the  Ivy- 
leaved  Pelargonium,  nothing  could  be  more  suitable  for 
the  purpose,  particularly  as  they  are  so  very  floriferous, 
and  they  make  large  and  handsome  specimens  in  pots, 
while  almost  perpetual  in  flowering.  Many  of  my 
friends  will  remember  the  fine  effect  the  old  pink 
Nosegay  Pelargonium  had  in  the  shape  of  pyramids 
9  feet  in  height  and  5  feet  at  the  bottom,  not  only 
as  single  specimens,  but  by  Ihe  dozen,  upon  the 
terr.ace  at  Worksop  Manor  and  Clumber.  John 
Miller,  Ruxky  Lodj^e,  Esher. 

Commons  and  Roadside  Slips  cf  Land.— It 
may  appear  the  height  of  audacity  to  question  the 
words  of  such  an  eminent  man  as  Lord  Bramwell, 
but  judges  are  not  infaliible— their  judgments  are  fre- 
quently set  aside.  I  ihink  that  his  Lordship's  opinion 
as  to  roadside  slips  of  land  in  his  letter  in  the  Times 
of  November  12  last  is  calculated  to  give  a  wrong 
impression.     In  what  instance,  I  would  ask  his  Lord- 


ship, do  roadside  slips  of  land  not  practically  belong 
to  the  public,  though  in  theory  the  soil  of  the  high- 
way may  belong  to  the  adjacent  landowner  ?  We 
have  just  issued  a  paper  on  the  "Law  relating  to 
Footpaths  and  Encroachments."  The  following 
paragraph  appears  in  it  : — 

"2.    As  TO  E.N'CROACHMENTS  ON   HIGHWAYS. 

"  It  is  now  clearly  established  by  decided  cases  that  no 
one  has  any  right  to  enclose  any  part  of  the  original 
highway  between  the  fences  even  although  he  may  still 
leave  the  road  30  feet  wide.  Any  land  which  has  once 
formed  part  of  a  highway  must  remain  open  for  ever  for 
public  use,  and  no  lapse  of  time  can  give  a  good  title  to 
an  encroachment.  This  is  a  most  important  fact,  which 
has  been  lost  sight  of  by  many  public  bodies  in  England. 
The  misapprehension  of  the  law  on  this  point  no  doubt 
arose  from  a  misconstruction  of  the  69th  section  of  the 
Highway  Act,  1835.  which  merely  provided  a  summary  re- 
medy in  the  case  of  encroachments  within  r5  feet  of  the 
centre  of  the  highway,  without  in  any  way  altering  the 
existing  law  so  far  as  other  encroachments  were  con- 
cerned. (See  cases  of  Regina  v.  Edwards.  11  J.  P.  602  ; 
Regina  v.  U.K.  Telegraph  Co.  L.J.  31.  M.C.  166  ;  and 
Turner  v.  Ringwood,  L.R.  9  Eq.  418)." 

This  has  passed  through  the  hands  of  several  lawyers, 
and  has  also  been  settled  by  Mr.  William  Cunning- 
ham Glen — I  Ihink  one  of  the  first  authorities  on  the 
law  relating  to  highways.  Henry  Allnull,  Secretary 
to  the  Nitional  Footpath  Freservation  Society,  42, 
Eisex  Street,  Strand,  London,  A'oz'.  30. 


THE  EDINBURGH  APPLE  AND  PEAR 
CONGRESS. 

iL\mc!„d,.t/ron,  p.  6J5.) 

This  great  show,  on  which  we  have  already 
reported,  was  brought  to  a  close  on  Saturday,  the 
8ih  ult.  As  a  show  it  has  already  been  said  to  be  a 
great  success.  The  Managing  Committee  deserve  un- 
stinted praise  for  the  thoroughly  energetic  manner  in 
which  they  carried  through  the  task  of  arranging  and 
giving  effect  to  every  detail.  They,  unfortunately,  have 
not  the  satisfaction  of  having  accomplished  a  financial 
along  with  the  practical  accomplishment  of  their  pur- 
pose in  getting  up  the  Congress.  The  election  fever 
and  the  weather  were  both  adverse  to  the  general 
public  being  disposed  to  give  Iheir  attention  to  Apples 
and  Pears,  and  the  consequence  will  be  a  heavy  loss  to 
the  Royal  Caledonian  Horlicultnral  Society,  which,  how- 
ever, it  is  fortunately  able  to  bear  without  being  ham- 
pered thereby. 

The  jurors  had  not  finished  their  work  till  near  mid- 
day on  Saturday,  so  much  naming  and  comparing 
having  to  be  done,  and  the  difficulties  of  recognition  in 
some  cases  among  the  Scotch  productions  being  so 
great  as  to  require  extreme  care  on  the  part  of  the  jurors 
to  avoid  error  in  their  endeavours  to  eliminate  it  wherever 
it  existed.  Their  votes  and  deliberations  are  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  committee,  and  will  doubtless  appear  in 
compact  form  in  due  time  as  a  practical  reference  of  high 
value  to  all  interested  in  pomology. 

The  jurors  were  :-— Messrs.  Barron,  Chiswick  ;  Bun- 
yard,  Maidstone;  nurnett,  The  Deepdene  ;  Woodbridge, 
Sion  House  ;  Webster,  Gordon  Castle  ;  Thomson, 
Drumlaiirig  ;  Thomson.  Viewfield,  Dalkeith  ;  Crosby, 
Buchanan  House ;  Smith,  Menlmore  ;  Fowler,  Castle 
Kennedy:  Coleman,  Eastnor.  Castle  ;  Dr.  Robertson, 
Errol  :  Mr.  Lxint,  Ardgowan. 

ENGLAND. 

As  was  to  be  anticipated,  the  various  collections 
brought  up  from  England  were  conspicuous  for  their 
perfection  of  colour,  superior  size,  and  every  mark  of 
high  quality.  The  country  was  well  represented  from 
north  to  south,  though  some  of  the  larger  nurserymen  of 
the  West  and  the  Midlands  were  conspicuous  by  their 
absence.  Taking  the  collections  as  they  were  placed  in 
alphabetical  order  by  the  counties — 

Buckingham  sent  a  grand  collection  of  over  lOo 
varieties  from  Mr.  Smith,  The  Gardens,  Menlmore. 
Conspicuous  among  the  .Apples  were  splendid  samples 
of  Galway  Pippin,  Lindula  Pippin,  a  very  pretty 
seedling  of  medium  size  and  reputed  good  quality, 
raised  in  a  cottage  garden  at  Leighton  Buzzard  ;  Scarlet 
Nonpereil.  Dumclow's  Seedling,  Bess  Poole,  Fearn's 
Pippin,  Reinette  du  Canada,  Nelson's  Glory,  and  many 
others  ;  and  among  Pears  were  some  very  fine  samples 
of  Glou  Mor9eau.  Josephine  de  Malines.  Crassanne, 
Prince  Albert,  Beurr^-  Diet,  and  Bergamoite  d'Esperen. 
Mr.  Miles,  Tire  Gardens,  Wycombe  Abbey,  also  sent  a 
collection  of  fifty  varieties  of  Apples,  notable  for  their 
good  size  and  very  fine  colour. 

Cumherland  and  Westmoreland. — These  two  counties 
were  represented  by  a  remarkable  collection,  brought 
together  from  various  districts  within  the  limits  of  the 
counties  by  Messrs.  Little  &  Ballantyne.  nurserymen, 
Carlisle.  It  was  the  largest  in  point  ol  numbers  of  any 
single  exhibit  on  the  tables,  comprising  as  it  did  about 
600  dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears,  many  of  which  were 
quite  equal  in  size  to  the  average  of  English  fruit  of  the 
same  sorts,  although  deficient  in  colour  to  the  collections 


from  more  southern  counties.  Altogether  it  was  gene- 
rally considered  one  of  the  most  instructive  collections 
set  up,  containing,  as  it  did,  the  largest  number  of 
varieties  of  any.  More  conspicuous  among  the  ,\pples 
v/ere  fine  samples  of  Cat's-head,  HoUandbury,  Cellini, 
Lord  Suftield,  Emperor  Alexander,  Scotch  Codlin, 
Warner's  King,  and  Eeklinville  :  and  among  the  Pears 
fine  examples  of  Hacon's  Incomparable,  Beiirrc  Diel, 
and  Marie  Louise. 

Derbyshire  sent  but  one  collection,  contributed  by 
Mr.  Hutton,  Whittington  Hill,  Chesterfield.  It  com- 
prised twenty  varieties  of  .Apples  and  the  same  number 
of  Pears— all  very  good,  aud,  considering  the  district, 
above  average  quality. 

Durham  was  represented  by  one  exhibitor  only — Mr. 
Hunter,  Lambton  Castle  Fence  Houses,  whose  collec- 
tion, being  chiefly  from  orchard-house  trees,  were  of  very 
superior  quality,  and  very  clean. 

Hampshire  exhibited  two  collections- Mr.  Wildsmith, 
of  Heckfield,  sending  fifty  varieties  of  .-\pples  and  Pears 
of  more  than  average  quality  ;  and  Mr.  Bell.  The 
Gardens,  Strathfieldsaye,  twenty-five  varieties  of  Apples, 
also  good. 

dierefordshire  was  represented  by  one  exhibitor  only, 
but  the  exhibition  in  point  of  numbers  and  quality  was 
regarded  as  quite  a  representative  one.  It  was  from 
Mr.  Walkins,  of  the  Pomona  Farm,  Hereford,  and 
comprised  over  200  varieties  of  -Apples  of  very  superior 
culinary  and  dessert  kinds,  and  an  interesting  collection 
of  cider  Apples — the  only  exhibit  of  this  kind  set  up. 
The  rich  colours  of  the  cider  Apples  gave  this  collection 
a  most  attractive  appearance,  which  was  very  highly 
appreciated  by  the  general  public. 

AV//A— This  county  was  worthily  represented  by 
Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone,  who  tabled  300 
varieties  of  Apples  and  Pears  ot  surpassing  excellence. 
The  whole  collection  was  remarkable,  not  one  unsatis- 
factory sample  appearing  in  the  whole  series.  The  colour 
was  superb,  and  the  size,  cleanness,  and  perfection  of 
form  all  that  could  be  desired.  Conspicuous  among  the 
App'es  were  Blenheim  Orange,  only  surpassed  by  one 
other  sample  in  the  show,  that  from  Nova  Scotia,  which, 
though  larger  than  that  from  Kent,  lacked  the  colour 
and  finish  of  the  latter  :  Warner's  King,  Golden  Noble, 
Gaseoyne's  Scarlet,  very  attractive  in  colour ;  Cox's 
Orange,  Reinette  du  Canada,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch, 
.Annie  Elizabeth,  Lord  Derby.  Gloria  Mundi,  King  of 
the  Pippins,  WelUngton,  and  New  Hawihorden.  Of 
Pears,  the  following  were  especially  noteworthy  : — King 
Edward,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Beurrt^  Ranee, 
Triomphe  de  Jodoigne,  Doyeaui^  du  Comice,  Calebasse 
Grossc,  Beurre  Diel.  Emile  d'Heyst,  Beurre  Bachelier. 
There  were  also  two  collections  put  up  by  private  growers 
from  Kent,  viz,  forty  varieties  of  Apples  from  Mr. 
Young,  Sitlingbourne,  all  remarkably  fine,  with  specially 
notable  samples  of  Warner's  King,  King  of  the  Pippins, 
Worcester  Pearmain,  and  Blenheim  Orange.  The  other 
private  collection  comprising  forty  sorts  was  from  Mr. 
McLean,  Vinters  Park,  and  contained  remarkable 
samp'es  of  Loddington  Pearmain,  Warner's  King,  aid 
Blenheim  Orange. 

Lincolnshire.  —  From  Mr.  Ingram,  The  Gardens, 
Belvoir  Castle,  came  a  very  excellent  and  correctly 
named  collection,  comprising  fifty  varieties  of  Apples 
and  thirty  varieties  of  Pears.  '1  he  fruit  were  not  so 
remark2ble  for  size  as  fur  superior  colouring  and  clean- 
ness of  form. 

A/idalesex.— From  this  county  c  ime  t%vo  of  the  most 
remarkable  collections  in  the  whole  exhibitioa,  viz  , 
that  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  London,  and 
that  of  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea.  The 
former  comprised  upwards  of  250  varieties  of  -Apples  and 
Pears  of  the  highest  excellence,  all  correctly  named,  thus 
forming  a  valuable  means  of  reference  in  cases  ot  doubt, 
which  arose  in  other  collections.  The  more  noteworthy 
varieties  of  Apples  were  Braddick's  Nonpareil,  Sweney 
Nonpareil.  Court  Pendu-plat,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin, 
Cellini,  Blenheim  Or.ange,  Biuman's  Red  Winter 
Reinette.  Emperor  Alexander,  Lane's  Prolific,  Mrs. 
B.irron,  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  and  Swedish  Reinette. 
Among  the  more  remarkable  Pears  were  Mardchal  Vail- 
lant,  Passe  Crasaune,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Mar(5chal 
de  la  Cour,  L(5on  Gregoire.  Durandeau.  Along  with 
this  grand  collection  was  also  exhibited  an  interesting 
collection  of  fifty  varieties  of  perry  Pears,  which  were  the 
only  samples  of  the  kind  exhibited. 

Messrs.  Veitch 's  collection  was  superb,  every  sample 
was  perfect,  the  nomenclature  w,as  correct,  and  the 
selection  was  comprehensive  of  all  the  best  of  each  class. 
Among  the  .Apples  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  was 
Bismarck,  an  orch.ard-house  samp'e  of  extraordinary  size 
and  handsome  appearance.  There  were  also  splendid 
samples  of  Royal  Russet.  Sturmer  Pippin,  Alfriston, 
King  of  the  Pippins,  Lady  Henniker,  Wyken  Pippin, 
Winter  Hawthornden,  Barker's  Seedling,  Gloria  Mundi, 
Reinette  du  Canada,  Dumelow's  Seedling.  Among  the 
Pears  were  grand  samples  of  Duchesse  d'.AngoulSme, 
Beurre  Diel,  Beurre  Bachelier,  Huyshe's  Prince  Consort, 
Huyshe's  Victoria,  Easter  Beurre.  Beurre  Clairgeau, 
Hacon's  Incomparable,  Beurre  Baltet,  and  Vicar  of 
Winkfield. 

Norfolk.— From  this  county  only  one  representative 
appeared,  Mr.  Stephen  Castle,  West  Lynn,  with  a  col- 
lection of  thirty  varieties  of  Apples  and  fifteen  varieties 
of  Pears  of  only  ordinary  merit. 

Norlhamlcrland.  —  Mr.  English,  Howick  Hall 
Gardens,  sent  a  remarkably  clean,  well-grown  collection 
of  no  varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty  varieties  of  Pears, 
among  the  most  noteworthy  .Apples  being  Gravenstein, 
Green  Leaddington,  Lord  Derby.  Northern  Dumpling, 
and  Lord  Suftield ;  and  among  the  Pears,  Gansels 
Bergamot.  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  B;uni;  Bosc,  and 
Beurre  Diel. 

Mr  Adam,  of  Haggerston  Castle,  sent  fifty-six  varieties 
of  .Apples  and  twelves  of  Pears  of  average  merit. 


December  5,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


727 


Mr.  Harris,  Alnwick  Castle,  put  up  a  nicely  grown 
collection,  comprising  io8  varieties  of  Apples  and  twenty- 
eight  varieties  of  Pears.  Among  the  more  notable 
Apples  were  Cellini,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Warner's 
King,  Kentish  Fillbasket,  and  Ecklinville  ;  and  among 
the  Pears,  Beurre  Diel,  Marie  Louise,  Hacon's  Incom- 
parable.  Souvenir  du  Congres,  and  Dachesse  d'Angou- 

Shropshire  was  represented  by  two  fairly  good  col- 
lections— one  from  Mr.  Sherwood,  Chetwynd  Park,  New- 
port, and  the  other  from  Mr.  Leslie,  Aqualate  Hal!, 
Newport,  the  former  comprising  sixty-five  varieties  of 
Apples,  and  the  latter  forty-nine  varieties  of  Apples  and 
sixteen  varieties  of  Pears. 

Staffordshire. — Mr.  Bannerman,  gr.  to  to  Lord  Bagot, 
Blithtield,  put  up  a  very  nice  collection  of  Apples  and 
Pears,  which  were  above  average  merit.  The  more 
notable  among  the  Apples  were  AUriston,  Peargood's 
Nonsuch,  and  Lord  Suflield  ;  and  among  the  Pears  Glou 
Morf  eau  and  Duchesse  d'Angouleme  were  very  superior. 

Surrey. — Mr.  Burnett,  The  Gardens,  Deepdene,  sent 
up  fifty  varieties  of  Apples  of  superior  merit,  and  thirty- 
six  varieties  of  Pears,  also  good. 

Worcestershire  was  represented  by  Mr.  Ritchie, 
Eardiston  Gardens,  who  set  up  a  very  excellent  collec- 
tion comprising  loo  varieties  ol  Apples  and  fifty  varieties 
of  Pears.  They  were  a  very  highly  coloured  and  gener- 
ally well  grown  lot,  the  samples  oj  King  of  the  Pippins 
Apple  and  Pitmaslon  Duchess  Pear  being  the  finest  in 
show. 

lVr^.(/;/r£  sent  two  private  collections,  one  from  Mr. 
Tindall,  Sprotborough  Hall  Gardens,  Doncaster,  com- 
prising sixty  varieties  of  Apples  and  thirty  varieties  of 
Pears — a  very  fine  collection,  in  which  weresomeexcellent 
samples  of  Emperor  Alexander  and  Ten  Shillings  Apples  ; 
and  Beurre  Bachelier,  Bergamotte  d'Esperen,  Beurre  Diel, 
and  Winter  Nells  Pears — the  last-named  very  fine.  The 
other  collection  from  this  county  was  from  Mr,  Mcln- 
doe,  Hutton  Hall,  Guisborough,  comprising  twenty-four 
varieties,  among  which  were  some  excellent  samples  of 
Doyennd  du  Comice  and  Beurre  Diel  Pears,  and  Blen- 
heim Orange,  Warner's  King,  Stirling  Castle,  and  Eck- 
linville Apples. 

Wales. 

Only  one  collection  was  sent  up  from  Wales,  but  it 
was  a  very  worthy  one.  It  was  put  up  by  Mr.  Lowden, 
The  Quinta,  Chirk,  and  a  very  superior  collection  it  was, 
rivalling  in  size  and  cleanness  of  growth  collections  from 
more  favoured  quarters.  It  comprised  a  hundred  varie- 
ties, amongst  which  were  most  notable  Warner's  King, 
Mere  de  Manage,  Gloria  Mundi,  Emperor  Alexander, 
Lord  Suflield,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  and  Adam's  Pear- 
main  Apples. 

The  Chrysanthemum  Show. 

This  show  was  held  in  the  Waverley  Market,  Edin- 
burgh, on  November  25  and  26,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Apple  and  Pear  Congress.  The  exhibits  of  cut  flowers 
were  a  great  advance  on  anything  of  the  kind  previously 
seen  in  Edinburgh,  but  the  plants  were  behind  what  may 
be  done  with  this  indispensable  winter  flower.  There 
was  a  very  good  display  of  Grapes,  and  a  keen  compe- 
tition in  Apples  and  Pears,  and  some  grand  vegetables. 
Frcm  our  Ozun  Correspondent. 


LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL    CHRY- 
SANTHEMUM   ASSOCIATION: 
November  24  and  25. 

The  annual  autumn  exhibition  was  held  in  St. 
George's  Hall,  which  was  completely  filled  with  flowering 
and  fine-foliage  plants,  cut  blooms,  and  fruit,  most  of 
the  exhibits  being  of  a  high  order.  In  many  instances 
the  entries  were  far  in  excess  of  the  number  of  prizes 
offered,  so  that  when  the  collections  came  to  be  staged 
there  were  brought  together  one  of  the  most  complete 
exhibitions  that  has  ever  been  held  in  Lancashire.  The 
trained  plants,  both  large  varieties  and  pompons,  were 
splendid,  the  cut  blooms,  for  which  this  district  is  famous, 
were  oi  the  finest,  whilst  the  fruits  were  meritorious. 

The  class  that  was  most  admired  was  doubtless  that 
for  thirty-six  cut  blooms,  eighteen  incurved  and  the 
same  number  of  Japanese.  Ihe  ist  prize,  a  ten  guinea 
Silver  Vase,  given  by  J.  Williams  &  Co.,  Liverpool,  was 
awarded  to  F.  H.  Gossage,  Esq.,  Woollon  (gr. ,  J. 
Jellicoe),  whose  blooms  were  of  very  fine  size  and  colour, 
and  were  inclusive  of  the  best  of  the  old  and  newest 
kinds.  W.  D.  Holt.  Esq..  West  Derby  {Mr.  F.  Roberts, 
gr.),  also  showed  well,  and  was  awarded  2d.  .Many  of 
the  sorts  seen  in  the  first  collection  were  represented  in 
this  one.  R.  N.  Dale,  Esq.  (Mr.  T.  Leadbetler,  gr.), 
was  3d. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  incurved  varieties  two 
competitors  entered  the  lists,  the  ist  falling  to  Mr.  F.  H. 
Gossage.  Mr.  R.  N.  Dale  was  awarded  the  2d  prize 
with  a  very  good  lot  also. 

The  class  for  eighteen  incurved  was  well  contested, 
Mrs.  W.  G.  Bateson,  AUerlon  (Mr.  J.  Martin,  gr.), 
securing  the  ist  place  ;  W.  H.  Watts,  Esq.  (Mr.  A.  R. 
Cox,  gr.),  2d  ;  and  W.  H.  [ones  Esq.  (Mr.  E.  Bruadley, 
gr-).  3d. 

Two  classes  for  twelve  blooms  were  provided,  the 
exhibitors  in  one  being  unable  to  compete  in  the  other, 
and  as  a  consequence  many  good  stands  were  put  up, 
J.  E.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  West  Derby  (Mr.  J.  Wilson,  gr.), 
R.  N.  Dale,  Esq.,  and  W.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  securing 
honours  in  one  class,  and  W.  S.  Taylor,  Esq.  (Mr.  C. 
Osborne,  gr.),  W.  D.  Holt.  Esq.,  and  W.  Brockbank, 
Esq.  (Mr.  C.  Gittins,  gr.),  winning  in  the  order  in  which 
their  names  appear  in  the  other. 

For  six  incurved  blooms  W.  W.  Sandbrook,  Esq. 
(Mr,  H.  Riding,  gr.),  was  ist,  and  Mr.  F.  Tobin  2d. 


The  class  for  twenty-four  Japanese  was  a  splendid 
one,  the  blooms  of  special  brightness  and  colour. 
W.  H.  Cox,  Esq  ,  was  placed  rst  ;  Mrs.  W.  G.  Bateson 
came  in  2d,  and  W.  D.  Holt,  Esq  ,  3d. 

].  E.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  secured  the  ist  position  with 
eighteen  Japanese  ;  F.  H.  Gossage,  Esq  ,  2d  ;  and  tl. 
Cunningham.  Esq.  (Mr.  W.  WiUon,  gr.).  3d. 

Twelve  Japanese  were  shown  by  W.  S  Taylor.  Esq., 
W.  H.  Jones,  Esq.,  and  E.  Meacock,  Ejq.,  and  stood 
in  the  prize  list  in  the  order  in  which  their  names 
appear. 

H.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  was  successful  with  six 
Anemones,  and  also  with  six  refiexed  ;  while  for  twelve 
pompons,  cut  blooms,  W.  B.  Bowring,  Esq.  (Mr.  J. 
Hurst,  gr.),  was  ist. 

R.  I..  Greenshields,  Esq.  (Mr.  S.  Bell,  gr.),  was  suc- 
cessful with  six  incurved  and  six  Japanese  ;  R.  Cam, 
Esq..  2d  ;  and  H.  J.  Robinson,  3!.  This  class  v/as 
specially  for  those  v/ho  had  not  won  a  prize  for  cut 
blooms  at  the  Society's  exhibitions. 

For  six  large  flowered  plant;,  H.  Mclver,  Esq  ,  AUer- 
ton  (Mr.-5'  Hughes,  gr,),  was  awarded  ist,  having 
dwarf-trained  plants,  with  from  thirty  to  forty  flowers 
a  piece,  of  Jardin  des  Plantes.  Empress  of  Ir.dia.  Mrs.  G. 
Glenny,  Mrs.  Shipman.  John  Salter,  and  Lady  Hardinge, 
Mr.  C.  Finnigan,  Winter  Garden.  New  Brighton,  was 
2d,  with  good  plants  of  Empress  of  India,  Mrs.  G. 
Rundle,  Prince  Alfred,  Guernsey  Nugget  ;  Mr,  J.  Lewis, 
Aigburth  (Mr.  Bustard,  gr.).  3d. 

With  three  plants,  Mr.  W.  C.  Clarke,  Mr.  G.  Pilking- 
ton,  and  Mr.  C.  Finnigan  were  the  successful  com- 
petitors. 

The  pompons  all  through  were  good.  Mr.  C. 
Finnigan  was  ist  for  six  plants  ;  Mr.  H.  Mclver  showed 
fine  specimens  also,  but  only  obtained  2d  ;  J.  Lewis, 
Esq.,  3d. 

With  three  pompons  Mr.  C.  Finnigan  was  agaui  to 
the  front  ;  Major  Pemberton  (Mr.  T.  Blackmore,  gr.)  2d, 
and  Mr.  H.  Mclver  3d 

J.  Woolwright,  Esq.,  Mossley  Hill  (Mr.  E.  Green. 
gr,).was  ist  with  one  standard,  also  with  one  pyramid 
Chrysanthemum. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

The  various  groups  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
Ferns,  Palms,  &g.,  were  arranged  along  the  outer  side 
of  the  hall,  and  contained  many  plants  of  good  culture. 
Mr.  W.  H,  Watts  was  ist  in  the  former  class,  showing 
large  plants  of  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  Dicksonia, 
antarctica.  Erica  hyemalis,  a  plant  4  feet  by  4.  full  of 
bloom  ;  Lalania  borbonica,  a  well-bloomed  Epacris,  and 
an  Ixora  ;  Mr.  F.  Gossage  was  2d,  and  had  a  large 
Latania.  Croton  Hawkeri.  a  fine  piece  of  Rhododendron 
Princess  Royal  full  of  flower,  and  a  good  specimen  of 
Calanthe  Veitchii,  with  a  dozen  spikes,  as  his  best 
plants  ;  Mr.  R.  C.  Coltart  3d. 

With  four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  Mr.  H.  Watts 
came  in  ist,  having  I.xora  Dixiana.  Cypripedium  insigne, 
Croton  Disraeli  (in  splendid  condition),  and  a  Calamis  : 
Mrs.  A.  Johnson  (Mr.  R.  Cubbon,  gr.)  was  2d,  and  .Mr. 
Hall  3d. 

Mrs.  A.  Johnson  was  ist  with  four  Ferns,  having  good 
plants  of  Microlepia  hirta  cristata,  5  feet  through  ;  Dick- 
sonia antarctica,  Davallia  Mooreana,  and  Adiantum  lr.a- 
peziforme  ;  Mr.  J.  Cunningham  was  2d. 

For  specimen  Tree  Fern,  Mrs.  A.  Johnson  and  J.  S. 
Parker,  E-:q.  (Mr.  J.  Lowndes,  gr.),  were  respeclivL-ly 
ist  and  2d. 

Three  Palms  were  staged  by  Mrs.  A.  Johnson,  who 
was  ist  with  large  plants  of  Cycas  revoluta,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  and  Seaforihia  elegans  ;  Mr.  R.  C.  Coltartand  Mr. 
B.  C.  Finnigan  were  placed  2d  and  3d. 

Orchids. 

Some  very  nice  Orchids  were  shown  :  the  b':st  three 
coming  from  E.  Harvey,  Esq.  (Mr.  T.  Worth,  gr  ),  in- 
cluding Cypripedium  SpJcerianum  with  twenty-four  good 
blooms;  Odontoglossum  Rossi  majus  in  a  basket,  and 
O.  grande.  W.  Holland,  Esq.  (Mr.  W.  Moss,  gr.).  was 
2d,  with  a  fine  form  of  Odontoglossum  Andersonianum, 
Cymbidium  Maslersii,  and  Burlingtonia  venusta.  Mr.  J. 
Woolwright,  who  was3d.  had  a  splended  formofOncidium 
Forbesii.  O.  Rogersii,  and  Odontoglossum  Alexandroe. 

With  one  Orchid,  E.  Harvey,  Esq.,  was  again  ist, 
havingafineplantofLa2liaeleganspicta  ;  Mr.  W.  Holland 
2d,  with  Cvpripedium  Sedeni,  having  eight  good  spikes  ; 
and  Mr.  W.  H.  Watts  3d,  with  Oncidium  Rogersii.  Mr. 
W.  Holland  was  ist  with  one  Cypripedium,  showing  in- 
signis  with  thirty  flowers.  The  same  exhibitor  was  ist  with 
two  Calanthes,  having  C.  Veitchii  with  twenty  spikes, 
and  C.  vestita  lutea  with  the  same  number:  also  with 
one  Calanthe,  showing  C.  Veitchii,  very  well  done. 

Miscellaneous. 

Bouquets  were  not  very  numerous  :  ist  prize  in  both 
classes  being  taken  by  B.  Hall.  l-:sq.  (gr..  Mr.  A.  Cros- 
bie);  equal  2d  falling  to  Mrs.  G.  Watts  and  Miss  A.  Cork?. 

With  a  vase  for  table  decoration,  Mr.  J.  Lewis  and 
Mr.  T.  S.  Rogerson  were  successful. 

The  Roman  Hyacinths  and  Primulas  were  very  good, 
and  made  a  capital  display.  In  the  former  class  Mr.  R. 
Singlehurst  was  placed  ist  over  eight  competitors  ;  Mr. 
T.  S.  Rogerson  2d,  and  Mr.  H.  Liversedge  3d. 

Mr.  J.  Brancker's  Primulas  were  full  of  foliage  and 
flowers,  and  were  placed  ist  ;  Mrs.  Watts  (Mr.  T. 
Agnew,  gr.).  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Woolwright  3d. 

Many  lots  of  table  plants  were  shown,  but  sever.d 
exhibitors  put  up  plants  much  too  heavy  for  dinner-table 
use.  The  i-^t  prize  was  awarded  to  a  light  half-dozen 
shown  by  Mrs.  Watts,  T.  F.  Harrison,  Esq.  (Mr.  T. 
Fleetwood,  gr.)  being  2d. 

Mr.  J.  Cunningham  had  six  beautiful  plants  of  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  three  being  single  and  three  double  ;  he 
was  awarded  ist  prize. 


Standard  Mignonette,  Poinsetlias  and  Epiphyllums 
were  shown  in  capital  condition. 

From  Messrs.  R.  P.  Kerr  &  Sons  came  about  100 
Cyclamens  in  different  shades,  the  pure  whiles  for  size, 
substance,  and  general  excellence  being  among  the  best 
ever  seen  in  the  district.  This  collection  was  honoured 
with  a  First-class  Certificate.  The  same  distinction  fell 
to  the  Liverpool  Horticultural  Company  for  a  very 
beautlul  group  of  small  plants,  including  Callas,  Crotons, 
Dracasnas,  Heaths,  Palms,  Primulas,  and  a  capital 
lot  of  Due  Van  Thol  Tulip  in  flower,  the  whole  nicely 
edged  with  Primulas  and  Ferns. 

Fruit. 

Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons  sliowed  a  collection 
of  Apples  and  Pears  of  good  colour  and  size ;  Messrs. 
R.  Smith  &  Co.  of  Worcester  staged  sixty  dishes  ; 
Messrs.  J.  Dickson  &  Sons,  of  Chester,  and  Mr.  C. 
Rylance,  Aughton,  also  showed  fine  collections  of  these 
fruits.  Each  was  awarded  a  Certificate  of  Merit.  The 
fruit  staged  for  competition  was  entirely  of  good  quality. 
Such  Grapes  are  rarely  seen  except  at  a  first-class 
exhibition,  and  this  show  should  now  be  considered  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  country. 

With  twelve  dishes  of  fruit  the  Earl  of  Harrington 
(Mr.  J.  H.  Goodacre.  gr  )  came  in  ist,  having  fine 
bunches  of  Black  Alicante,  Gros  Colmar,  Muscats,  and 
Mrs.  Pearson  :  Queen  Pine,  Hero  of  I-ockinge  Melon, 
Pears  and  Apples  ;  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynn  (Mr.  J.  Ben- 
nett,  gr.),  was  a  good  2d  ;  R.  C.  Naylor,  Esq.  (Mr.  M. 
Hannygin,  gr  ),  3d.  The  Earl  of  Harrington  was  also 
ist  with  six  dishes,  having  capital  Gros  Colmar,  Muscat, 
and  Beurre  Diel  Pear  ;  Mr.  R  C.  Naylor  2d.  and  Mr. 
W.  B.  Bowring,  3d.  The  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynn  was 
successful  with  two,  and  also  with  one  Pine-apple. 

In  the  classes  for  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  there 
was  strong  competition  all  through,  and  some  truly 
wondeiful  bunches  were  placed  before  the  judges.  In 
one  class  fifteen  stands  were  put  up,  and  in  all  others 
there  were  but  slight  difference  in  the  various  exhibits. 

With  black  Grapes,  Muscat  flavour,  J.  F.  Campbell, 
Esq  ,  Uttoxeter  (Mr.  J.  Hollingsworth,  gr.).  secured  the 
coveted  position  with  Mrs.  Pince's  Black  Muscat ;  Alder- 
man Raynes  (Mr.  J.  Barker,  gr.)  2d,  the  Earl  of 
Harrington  3d,  W.  H.  Watts,  Esq.,  4lh. 

Two  bunches  black  Grapes  fell  to  L.  Smith,  Esq. 
(Mr.  A.  Collins,  gr. ).  with  grand  examples  of  Gros  Guil- 
laume  ;  Mr,  J.  T.  Campbell  2d,  with  equally  fine  Bar- 
barossa  ;  the  Earl  of  Harrington  3d,  with  Gros  Colmar, 
grand  in  colour  and  berry  ;  an  extra  prize  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  W.  Watson,  also  Mr.  W.  H.  Watts,  so  good 
were  their  respective  exhibits. 

The  Earl  of  Harrington,  Alderman  Ravnes,  and  Mr. 
F.  H.  Harrison  were  successful  with  Black  Hamburgh, 
taking  prizes  in  the  order  in  which  their  names  appear. 

The  white  Grapes  were  also  remarkably  fine.  Two 
bunches  of  Muscat  was  secured  by  R.  Pilkington, 
Esq.;  the  2d  going  to  A.  G.  Jones,  Esq.;  and  the 
3d  to  A.  R.  Gladstone,  Esq.  (Mr.  T.  Klsworthy,  gr.). 

Two  bunches  of  any  other  white  variety  was  taken  by 
Mr.  J.  F.  Campbell,  the  Rev.  W.  Sneyd  (Mr.  J.  Wallis. 
gr.)  2d,  and  the  Earl  of  Harrington  3d. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Campbell  was  ist,  with  four  bunches,  show- 
ing Black  Alicante,  Trebbiano,  Golden  Queen,  and  Mrs. 
Pince's  Black  Muscat  ;  Mr.  A.  R.  Gladstone  showed 
Alicante,  Muscats,  Golden  Queen,  and  Alnwick  Seed- 
ling, and  came  2d  ;  the  Earl  of  Harrington  securing  3d. 
There  were  eight  competitors  in  this  class. 

Pears  and  Apples  in  several  classes  were  well  contested, 
splendid  Pitmaston  Duchess  and  Beurre  Diel  appearing 
in  many  collections,  the  Rev.  L.  Garnet  securing  ist 
honours  with  eight  dishes  of  Pears. 

Numerous  stands  of  useful  and  ornamental  articles 
were  shown,  including  a  nice  lot  of  Orchid  rafts,  baskets, 
poles,  S:c.,  from  Mr.  R.  Martins,  Liverpool. 

In  spite  of  a  steady  downpour  of  rain  on  the  first  day 
and  the  stir  and  excitement  of  an  election  on  the  second, 
the  exhibition  was  well  supported,  and  at  times  the 
flowers  could  only  be  seen  after  a  considerable  amount 
of  exertion  and  patience.  S. 


SWANSEA  CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOW. 

This  show  opened  at  the  Prince  of  Wales'  Hall  on 
Wednesday,  the  25th  ult.,  and  was  continued  over  the 
following  day.  The  weather  was  most  unpropitious,  as 
the  rain  fell  continuously  all  the  first  day,  and  being  also 
in  the  midst  of  the  local  election  fever  interfered  mate- 
rially with  the  attendance  of  the  general  pubhc.  The 
committee,  however,  may  be  congratulated  on  having 
provided  quite  a  treat  for  those  who  attended  this  their 
first  Chrysanthemum  show  in  Swansea. 

The  hall  affords  an  excellent  opportunity  for  effective 
arrangement,  and  this  had  been  well  taken  advantage  of 
by  the  committee.  No  less  than  seven  prizes  were 
offered  in  the  class  for  a  group  of  plants  in  which  the 
selection  of  materials  was  left  to  the  choice  of  the  exhi- 
bitors, and  they  availed  iliemselves  of  the  opportunity  of 
introducing  many  other  plants,  that  greatly  enhanced  the 
effect  of  the  display  of  Chrysanthemums,  while  using, 
at  the  same  time,  a  large  proportion  of  the  latter.  These 
in  many  of  the  groups  were  shown  in  good  form,  and 
with  many  fine  blooms  upon  them,  rivalling  individual 
blooms  grown  expressly  for  exhibition. 

The  competition  for  twelve  trained  plants,  and  for  the 
like  number  of  standards,  did  not  bring  forward  much 
competition  ;  the  ist  prize  lots  in  each  class  were  good 
examples  of  ordinary  cultivation,  but  had  not  been  suffi- 
ciently prepared  for  exhibition  purposes  ;  the  varieties 
were  good  and  well  flowered,  but  licking  in  training. 
Classes  were  also  provided  for  six  plants,  and  for  a  single 
Specimen,  with  corresponding  classes  for  amateurs  and 
cottagers. 

The    smaller  hall  was  devoted  to    tlie  cut  blooms, 


728 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  5,  18 


bouquets.  &c.,  and  to  the  collections^f  fruit  and  vege- 

*  In  the  cut  blooms  the  competition  was  extremely  close, 
and  many  fine  stands  were  exhibited  ;  the  effect  would 
have  been  even  better  if  a  uniform  height  and  width  of 
box  had  been  stated  in  the  rules.  Most  of  the  blooms 
were  exhibited  as  grown,  very  few  flowers  having  been 
at  all  dressed.  ,  ,  , 

Some  very  good  fruit  and  vegetables  were  shown, 
especially  in  the  collections  from  Singleton,  which 
obtained  ist  in  both  classes. 

In  the  open  class  for  twelve  specimen  Chrysanthemums. 
Mr.  Reynolds,  Sketty,  carried  off  the  ist  prize  ;  and  a 
like  position  was  taken  for  twelve  standards  by  Mrs. 
Vivian.  .Singleton  (gr..  Mr.  Harris). 

For  six  pL-ints  and  for  a  specimen  ditto,  the  premier 
positions  were  obtained  by  Mr.  Reynolds  and  Mr.  Speck, 
Llanelly. 

Classes  for  amateurs  and  cottagers  were  well  filled, 
and  the  specimens  exhibited  were  highly  creditable. 

In  the  open  class  for  cut  blooms,  F.  W.  Aylwin, 
Esq  was  ist  for  twenty-lour  fine  flowers,  undressed,  of 
the  leading  varieties  of  incurved  and  lapanese  types  ;  and 
SirH.  H.Vivian,  Bart,  M.P.,  Park  Wern,  Swansea,  was 
2d,  with  an  almost  equally  good  lot. 

T  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  Neath,  obtained  ist  place  in  the 
twelves  with  a  nice  even  stand  of  fresh-looking  flowers  ; 
2d  place  going  to  Sir  H.  H.  Vivian. 

For  a  bouquet  of  Chrysanthemums  and  for  a  hand 
bouquet   the  ist  prizes  fell  to  Mrs.  Vivian,  Singleton. 

Classes  for  cut  bloom  in  the  other  sections  of  thee.xhl- 
bition  were  well  contested. 

For  a  collection  of  fruit  Mrs.  Vivian,  Singleton  (gr., 
Mr  Harris),  was  placed  ist,  with  good  Salway  Peaches, 
black  and  white  Grapes,  well  finished  Black  Jamaica 
and  Queen  Pines,  Melons,  fine  dishes  of  Pears,  Apples, 
Medlars,  &c.  ;  T.  T.  Lewis,  Esq.,  Bridgend  (gr.,  Mr. 
W.  Richardson),  2d.  . 

For  a  collection  of  hardy  frmts.  Sir  H.  H.  Vivian 
secured  1st  honours  ;  and  for  that  of  vegetables,  Mrs. 
Vivian,  Singleton,  was  in  like  position. 

In  this  hall  was  exhibited  an  interesting  collection  of 
entomological  subjects,  lent  by  ].  T.  D.  Llewellyn,  Esq., 
Penllegare,  who  also  lent  some  nice  eroups  of  well- 
bloomed  greenhouse  plants,  amongst  wMch  we  noted 
particularly  good  plants  of  Primula  obconi  a. 

The  floor  of  the  larger  hall  was  devote..!  to  groups  of 
plants  as  above  noted,  and  the  arrangement  and  general 
effect  were  particularly  good. 

The  ist  prize  went  to  the  group  from  Singleton,  in 
which  Chrysanthemums  fitly  predominated,  crowned  by 
a  lofty  Tree  Fern,  and  interspersed  with  Adiantum  far- 
leyensis.  Poinsettias,  &c.,  and  bordered  with  Calanthes, 
Cypripediums.  &c.  ;  T.  Cory,  Esq.,  Sketty  (gr.,  Mr.  |. 
Lodge),  2d.  with  a  more  general  arrangement  of  Palms, 
Cycads!  Ferns.  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  Marantas,  &c.  ;  3d, 
Richard  Hughes,  Esq.,  Ynistawe  (gr.,  Mr.  Williams), 
with  a  group  nicely  relieved  bv  large  Seville  Oranges 
well  laden  with  fmit.  Seven  prizes  were  offered  in  this 
class,  and  they  were  all  competed  for  and  obtained  by 
fairly  good  groups,  which  were  very  effective  for  the 
embellishmed  of  the  hall,  but  which  contained  no 
subjects  requiring  especial  notice.  It  only  remains  to 
congratulate  Captain  Colquhoun,  the  Chairman  of  com- 
mittee, and  the  Hon.  Sees.  Messrs.  Manaton  and  Williams, 
on  their  indefatigable  perseverance  in  securing  so  good 
an  exhibition.   A  Correspondent, 


YORK  ANCIENT  SOCIETY  of  FLORISTS: 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    EXHIBITION, 

November  25,  26,  and  27. 

Well  done,  York  Florists  !  is  the  verdict  that  must  be 
passed  upon  this  exhibition.  In  the  spacious  exhibition 
building  of  Fine  Arts  which  is  near  to  the  Minster,  and 
affording  ample  space  for  the  purpose,  was  this  exhibi- 
tion arranged  by  Mr.  J,  Lazenty,  the  secretary,  and  his 
assistants  ;  and  regard  being  had  to  the  lateness  of  the 
season,  in  one  of  the  most  backward  districts  of  Eng- 
land, it  was  an  admirable  show,  thoroughly  representa- 
tive and  characterised  by  high  quality.  The  specimen 
plants,  of  which  there  were  a  large  number,  were 
arranged  on  the  ground  floor  under  the  galleries,  where 
there  is  abundance  of  light  on  a  clear  day,  but  a  lack  of  it 
when  it  is  a  dull  one.  A  line  of  tables  running  down 
the  centre  of  the  building  accommodated  the  cut  flowers, 
table  plants,  &c.  ;  another  line  of  tables  running  parallel 
with  the  platform  was  laden  with  fruits,  and  in  the 
galleries  on  both  sides  were  to  be  found  the  vegetables, 
collections  of  Pears,  Apples,  &c.  The  spacious  lobby 
leading  to  the  main  building  accommodated  the  groups 
of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  and  the  specimen  Palms, 
Ferns,  &c.  ;  while  the  groups  of  Chrysanthemums 
arranged  for  effect,  were  arranged  in  circles  in  the  main 
building,  between  the  line  of  tables  and  the  specimen 
plants.  Chrysanthemums  always  show  up  well  by  gas- 
light, and  at  night,  there  being  a  superabundance  of 
colour,  the  effect  was  considerably  heightened. 

Chrysanthemum  Plants. 

The  best  group  of  Chrysanthemums  arranged  for 
effect,  competing  for  the  Silver  Cup  given  by  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  York,  came  from  Dr.  Baker,  Friends'  Retreat, 
York  ;  Mr.  Alderman  Close,  Dringhouses,  was  2d  ;  and 
Mrs.  Gutch,  Holgate  House,  York,  was  3d.  .\s  these 
plants  were  arranged  in  circles,  some  diflScnlty  was 
experienced  in  making  them  face  well  all  round,  and  it 
would  be  better  in  the  future,  and  more  satisfactory  to 
the  exhibitors,  if  these  groups  were  backed  against  a 
wall,  as  in  the  case  of  the  miscellaneous  groups  of  plants, 
also  arranged  for  effect,  in  the  corridor. 

There  were  six  collections  of  nine  specimen  Chrysanthe- 
mums, incurved  and  reSexed,  Dr.  Baker  was  xst  with  well- 


flowered  plants  of  Christine,  George  Glenny,  Mrs.  G. 
Rundle,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Prince  Alfred,  Baron  Beust, 
Guernsey  Nugget,  Miss  M.  Morgan,  and  King  of 
Crimsons— an  even,  well-balanced  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  Alderman 
Close  ;  3d.  Dr.  Fiiker. 

With  six  plants  Dr.  Baker  was  ist  with  excellent 
specimens  of  John  Salter,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Mrs.  Sharpe, 
Christine,  Guernsey  Nugget,  and  Mrs.  Forsyth  ;  2d, 
Mrs.  Gutch  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  T.  Hingston,  Clifton.  Dr. 
Baker  had  the  best  three  plants,  staging  King  of 
Crimsons,  Guernsey  Nugget,  and  Julia  Lagravere  ;  Mr. 
C.  B.  Lamb  was  2d  ;  3d.  Miss  Stewart.  Dr.  Baker  had 
the  best  specimen,  staging  an  excellent  John  S,ilter  ; 
Mrs.  Gutch  being  2d  with  George  Glenny.  Dr.  Baker 
had  the  best  nine  plants  of  Japanese  Chrysanthemums, 
staging  well-grown  and  bloomed  examples  of  Diamond, 
James  Salter,  Delicata,  Peter  the  Great,  Flambeau, 
Elaine,  Etoile  du  Midi,  Fo  Kio,  and  Hiver  Fleur.  The  2d 
prize  was  withheld.  Dr.  Baker  had  the  best  six,  having 
capital  specimens  of  Elaine,  James  Salter,  Peter  the 
Great,  Hiver  Fleur,  Dr.  Macary,  and  Dr.  Masters  ;  2d, 
Mr.  J.  T.  Hingston  ;  3d,  Miss  Stewart.  Dr.  Baker  also 
had  the  best  three,  staging  James  Salter,  Elaine,  and 
Dr.  Masters  ;  Mr.  Alderman  Close  was  2d,  and  Miss 
Stewart  3d.  Dr.  Baker  had  the  best  specimen,  and  Mrs. 
Gutch  was  2d. 

Dr.  Baker  won  the  ist  prizes  for  the  best  nine,  six, 
three,  and  single  specimen  pompons  ;  indeed,  his  gar- 
dener, Mr.  T.  Dawe,  was  invincible  on  this  occasion. 
His  nine  plants  consisted  of  Mr.  Astie,  Mdlle.  Marthe, 
White  Cedo  NuUi,  Model  of  Perfection,  Golden  Circle, 
and  Bijou  d' Horticulture.  His  six  plants  consisted  of 
Lilac  Cedo  NuUi,  Golden  ditto.  White  ditto,  Lizzie 
Holmes,  and  Bijou  d' Horticulture.  His  three,  Golden 
Cedo  NuUi,  Lilac  ditto,  and  Mdlle.  Marthe.  His 
single  specimen.  White  Cedo  NuUi.  Mr.  Hingston 
was  2d  with  nine  plants.  Miss  Stewart  with  six,  and 
also  with  three  ;  and  Mrs.  Gutch  2d  with  the  single 
specimen. 

Dr.  Baker  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  three  plants  of 
large  Anemone-flowered  Chrysanthemums,  and  he  had 
the  best  specimen  also,  staging  a  good  plant  of  Gliick  ; 
also  the  best  specimen  pompon  Anemone,  staging  Mr. 
Astie. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. 

Some  charming  groups,  arranged  for  effect,  were 
staged,  and  they  consisted  of  coloured  foliaged  plants 
mainly,  with  a  few  flowering  subjects  dotted  among 
them.  The  best  came  from  Messrs.  h.  Simpson  &  Son. 
Haworth  Nurseries,  York,  a  collection  grouped  with 
great  taste  and  skill  ;  Mr.  J.  T,  Hingston  was  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  T.  S.  Brogden,  Heworth  Hall,  3d. 

Mr.  T.  Hutchinson,  Egglestone,  had  the  best  six 
plants  of  Chinese  Primroses  ;  Mr.  E.  Bell  being  2d,  and 
Mrs.  Gutch,  3d.  Mr.  BeU  was  the  only  exhibitor  ot 
double  varieties,  getting  ist  with  six  small,  but  good 
plants.     Cyclamen  Persicum  were  poorly  shown. 

Plants  for  dinner-table  decoration  were  both  numerous 
and  good  ;  Mr.  R.  Wyse,  Auburn  Hill,  Malton,  was  ist. 
Messrs.  Simpson  &  Son  being  2d,  and  Mr.  T.  S.  Brog- 
den 3d. 

Mr.  T.  Brogden  had  the  best  six  exotic  Ferns,  and 
Miss  Stewart  2d  ;  these  formed  effective  groups  in  the 
entrance  corridor. 

Messrs.  Simpson  &  Son  had  the  best  specimen  Palm, 
and  Mr.  Hingston  the  best  specimen  Dracaena,  D. 
Veitchi  being  the  type  mostly  shown. 

Some  fairly  good  plants  of  Chrysanthemums  were 
shown  in  the  amateurs'  division  ;  Mr.  R.  Hudson, 
Acomb,  having  the  best  three  and  the  best  single  speci- 
men. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Owing,  probably,  to  the  dull  weather,  some  e.xhibitors 
who  had  entered  failed  to  show,  but  there  was  a  good 
display  of  blooms.  The  best  thirty-six,  composed  of 
eighteen  incurved  and  reflexed  and  eighteen  Japanese, 
came  from  Mr.  R.  F.  Jameson,  who  had  good  examples 
of  the  best  of  either  section  ;  2d,  Mr.  D.  Wilson,  Cot- 
tingham,  who  had  also  good  blooms  ;  3d,  Mrs.  M. 
Firth,  Oakbrook,  Shelfield. 

The  best  twelve  incurved  and  reflexed,  came  from  Mr. 
Alderman  Richardson  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  F.  Jameson  ;  3d, 
Miss  M.  Firth. 

The  best  six  came  from  Mr.  Alderman  Richard, 
son.  Miss  Moore  being  2d. 

Japanese  Chrysanthemums  were  highly  effective  :  Mr. 
Alderman  Richardson  was  ist  with  twelve  blooms  ;  2d, 
Mr.  D.  Wilson. 

Mr.  R.  F.  Jameson  had  the  best  six,  staging  admirable 
examples  ;  2d,  Mr.  Alderman  Richardson. 

Pompon  Chrysanthemums  in  a  cut  state  were  scarcely 
shown,  and  these  in  indifferent  form.  Mr.  D.  Wilson 
had  the  best  twelve  large  flowering  Anemone  type  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Alderman  Richardson. 

The  Silver  Medal  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society  vas  awarded  to  the  premier  plant  in  the  show— 
a  fine  specimen  of  John  Salter,  shown  by  Mrs.  Gutch. 
The  premier  bloom  was  Lord  Wolseley,  shown  by  Mr. 
D.  Wilson. 


Bridge  Nursery,  Darlington,  thoroughly  representative 
and  highly  interesting.     These  were  not  for  competition. 

Fruit. 

The  best  six  bunches  of  Grapes,  in  three  varieties, 
came  from  Mr.  H.  J.  Clayton,  The  Gardens,  Grimston 
Park,  Tadcaster,  who  had  well  finished  and  very  fine 
e.taraples  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Alnwick  Seedling, 
and  Gros  Colmar  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cochrane,  Aldin  Grange, 
Durham,  with  very  fine  Gros  Colmar  and  Alicante,  but 
weak  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  B.  C.  Yar- 
borough.  Campsmount,  Doncaster,  with  Black  Ham- 
burgh, Gros  Colmar,  and  Alicante. 

Prizes  offered  by  Messrs.  Backhouse  &  Son,  nursery- 
men, York,  for  collections  of  .Apples  grown  north  of 
the  Tweed,  brought  nine  lots  averaging  fifty  to  sixty 
varieties  each.  The  best  came  from  Mr.  J.  T.  Hingston, 
Mr.  A.  Pease  being  2d,  and  Mr.  D.  Wilson  3d. 

Similar  prizes  were  offered  for  the  best  assortment  of 
Pears  grown  north  of  the  Tweed,  three  collections  being 
staged.  Mr.  A.  Pease  was  ist,  Mr.  T.  M.  WeddeU  2d, 
and  Mr.  R.  Bell  3d.  The  following  were  in  good  form, 
the  season  considered  : — Brockworth  Park,  Knight's 
Monarch,  Durandeau,  Van  Mons'  Li?on  le  Clerc,  Nouveau 
Poiteau,  Beurre  Diel,  B.  Baltet,  Passe  Colmar,  Soldat 
d'Esperen,  [osephine  de  Malines,  Marie  Louise,  Glou 
Morfeau,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Easter  Beurr<5,  Beurri? 
d'Amanlis,  and  B.  d'Aremberg. 

Mr.  WeddeU  had  the  best  six  culinary  Apples,  staging 
a  large  variety  named  Tim  Shilling  ;  Mr,  A.  Pease  being 
2d,  with  Peasgood's  Nonsuch  ;  and  Mr.  J.  D.  Hutchin- 
son 3d,  with  Warner's  King. 

Mr.  H.  Stourton  was  ist,  with  a  dish  of  dessert  Apples, 
staging  good  Cox's  Orange  Pippin ;  Mr.  Oglesby, 
Micklegate,  York,  being  2d. 

Mr.  A.  Pease  had  the  best  six  dishes  of  Apples,  having 
very  good  examples  of  Potts'  Seedling,  Lord  Derby, 
Emperor  Alexander,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Blenheim 
Orange,  and  Greenup's  Pippin  ;  Mr.  R.  Wyse  was  2d. 

Mr.  T.  M.  WeddeU  had  the  best  six  dishes  of  Pears, 
staging  capital  fruit  of  Durandeau,  Clapp's  Favourite. 
Marie  Louise,  Beurr^  Diel,  Brockworth  Park,  and  Louise 
Bonne  ol  Jersey  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  Pease,  very  fine. 

Mr.  Pease  had  the  best  single  dish,  staging  exceUent 
fruit  of   Marie  Louise,   and   this  variety   was    also  2d 


and  3d. 


Vegetables. 
largely  shown.     We  briefly  refer  to 


.._,    to"  praise  their    high-class    quality 
nd  second,  to  mention  a  few  of  the  leaa- 


S' 


ist  with  six   dishes  ; 


Kirk 


Vegetallei 
them   first    of 
throughout : 
log  prize  winners 

Mr.   A.    Pease  had  the    best  eight  dishes  ; 
Taylor  being  2d. 

Mr.  R.  Wyse  was 

The  best  six  dishes  of  Potatos  came  from  Mr.  C. 
Hammond,  who  had  handsome  samples  of  Porter's 
Excelsior,  Magnum  Bonum,  Lapstone,  Schoolmaster, 
Alpha,  and  Woodstock  Kidney  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  D.  Hutchin- 
son. 

Messrs.  Backhouse  &  Son  exhibited,  not  lor  competi- 
tion, a  collection  of  ninety-two  dishes  of  Apples,  and  the 
leading  varieties  may  perhaps  be  taken  as  representing 
the  best  sorts  lor  growth  north  of  the  Tweed.  They  were 
Ribston  Pippin,  Tower  of  Glamis,  Pott's  Seedling,  Peas- 
good's Nonsuch,  Nancy  Jackson,  Mere  de  Menage, 
D  T  Fish  Fearn's  Pippin,  Golden  Reinette,  Chaplin  s 
Pippin,  Annie  Elizabeth,  Cellini,  New  Hawthornden, 
King  of  Pippins,  Rymer,  and  Royal  Russet. 

Mr  Henry  DeveriU,  of  the  Seed  Stores,  Banbury,  had 
a  wonderful  display  of  Onions,  staging  several  hundreds 
of  extraordinary  bulbs,  among  them  Roushara  Park, 
Anglo  White  Spanish,  and  the  Wroxton  were  perfect 
models,  averaging  i\  lb.  each  in  weight.  Several  stems 
of  the  Wroxton  strain  of  Brussels  Sprouts  were  also 
shown,  and  it  is  difticult  to  imagine  a  better.  This  col- 
lection attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention,  and  it  was 
awarded  a  Special  Prize  and  First-class  Certificate. 


Miscellaneous  Cut  Flowers. 

Boxes  ol  twelve  bunches  were  finely  shown.  The  best 
came  from  Mr.  J.  H.  Smith,  Leeds,  who  had  grand  ex- 
amples of  Calanthe  Veitchii,  Eucharis  amazonica,  Zygo- 
petalum  Mackayi,  Cypripedium  insigne,  C.  Rcezlii,  white 
and  red  Lapagerias,  Rondeletia  speciosa  major,  Ixora 
Fraseri,  Poinsettia  pulcherrima,  and  two  others  ;  2d,  Mr. 
A.  Pease,  Dailington,  with  a  very  good  lot  indeed ;  3d, 
Mr.  R.  Bell. 

Camellias,  hand  bouquets,  or  Chrysanthemums,  and 
also  of  other  flowers,  button-hole  bouquets,  and  an 
epergne  for  the  table  were  also  shown. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  not 
for  competition,  came  from  Mr.  T.  B.  Morten,  Mowden 


CLONMEL    CHRYSANTHEMUM    AND 
FRUIT  SHOW. 

On  Thursday,  November  26,  was  inaugurated  in  this 
town  what  we  hope  will  in  future  be  an  annual  event  of 
no  mean  importance.  With  so  many  circumstances  to 
divert  attention,  it  required  no  ordinary  courage  for  the 
gentlemen  who  formed  the  committee  to  start  a  Chry- 
santhemum and  fruit  show,  and  then,  as  if  to  throw  a 
turther  "d.imper"  on  their  exertions,  the  weather  was 
most  unpropitious.  Despite  these  discouragements  on  aU 
grounds,  the  show  was  pronounced  an  unqualified  suc- 
cess while  the  number  of  visitors,  at  least  in  the  earlyafter- 
noon,  exceeded  expectation.  The  arrangements  in  the 
ballroom  of  the  courthouse  were  simply  perfect— which 
can  seldom  be  said  for  most  shows— and  reflected  much 
credit  on  the  managing  committee. 

On  entering  the  large  room  the  visitors  at  once  had 
reason  to  admire  not  alone  the  admirable  way  in  which 
the  flowers  and  fruits  were  arranged,  but  also  the  taste- 
ful way  in  which  the  room  itself  was  decorated.  The 
festooning  of  the  windows,  walls,  &c.,  in  crimson  and 
white,  had  an  exceedingly  pleasing  effect,  and  harmo- 
nised weU  with  the  dark  green  foliage  and  rich  colouring 
ol  the  mass  of  exotic  and  other  plants  which  filled  the 
central  tables  and  different  stands  around  the  room.  As 
to  the  exhibition,  we  may  mention,  before  passing  to  a 
more  detailed  description,  that  it  was  one  of  which  Clon- 
mel  and  its  vicinity  may  well  feel  proud.  Indeed,  one 
who  has  visited  the  Chrysanthemum  shows  at  the 
Temple  Gardens  in  London  freely  stated  that  our  local 
show,  though  by  no  means  equal  in  extent,  was  fully 
up  to  the  merits  of  its  great  London  contemporary  in 
point  of  merit. 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


729 


The  schedule  was  much  more  modest  than  it  need  be, 
for  some  of  the  exliibitors  could  readily  have  staged 
forty-eight  varieties  instead  of  twelve  ;  but  competition 
was  invited,  and  Urge  and  small  growers  had  almost 
similar  opportunities.  Six  classes  were  provided,  and, 
short  as  the  notice  was,  the  number  of  competitors  in 
each  does  credit  to  the  floral  resources  of  the  surrounding 
district.     Taking  them  seriatim  : — 

Six  Chrysanthemums  in  pots.— ist  prize  went  to  Mr, 
F.  Clibborn,  Anner  House  {gf-.  Mr.  P.  Crowley);  2d, 
George  Gough.  Esq..  BirdhiU  (gr.,  Mr.  T.  Bulfin). 
Other  very  creditable  and  Horlferous  groups  were  shown 
by  Messrs.  Boyd  and  Phelan,  but  none  were  either  trained 
or  grown  as  specimens,  though  suiting  admirably  for 
conservatory  decoration.  Many  of  the  blooms  were 
exhibition  size.  The  next  five  classes  comprised  the  cut 
bioora  section,  and  formed  the  piire  de  resistance  of  the 
show. 

Twelve  incurved. — Mr.  T.  Phelan — already  named  {gr. , 
Mr.  P.  Halpin),  was  a  good  ist,  with  twelve  distinct  varie- 
ties. As  this  exhibit  would  stand  a  fair  chance  at  any 
show  in  the  kingdom,  and  as  the  varieties  are  typical, 
we  give  the  names  in  the  order  "  set  up  "  :— timpress  of 
India,  Golden  Queen  of  England,  Lord  Wolseley.  Mr. 
Bunn,  Lady  Hardinge,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Nil  Desperandum, 
Princess  of  Wales,  bronze  Jardin  des  Planter,  Golden 
Empress,  and  Alfred  Salter.  The  2d  stand  was  very 
creditable,  but  in  size  a  few  "  points"  behind,  the  prize 
going  to  Mrs.  Malcomson,  MinelU  (gr.,  Mr,  John 
Crehan).  The  blooms  in  both  were,  in  many  instances, 
similar  varieties.  Empress  of  India  was  particularly 
good,  Mr.  Piielan's  being  16  inches  in  circumference, 
and  4J  inches  deep.  Besides  the  blooms  already  named 
Mr.  Crehan  had  British  Queen  of  England.  White  Venus, 
and  the  three  members  of  the  Rundle  family — all  well 
done  and  very  finished.  If  size  alone  were  the  test, 
nothing  could  have  taken  a  prize  from  Mr.  Y.  Clibborn, 
but  his  immense  blooms  were  too  far  gone.  There  were 
three  other  very  creditable  stands  with  many  blooms  of 
superior  merit. 

Twelve  Japanese. — The  ist  prize  went  easily  to  Mr. 
Phelan  ;  the  2d  prize  went  to  H.  S.  Boyd,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr. 
J.  Keating),  being  hard  pressed  by  Mr.  Clibborn  and 
i\Irs.  Malcomson,  already  named,  winning  by  only  a  few 
•  points.  As  Mr.  Boyd's  were  in  most  instances  new 
varieties  of  last  year's  introduction,  we  mention  the  most 
notable  : — Brisedu  Matin,  Anna  Delaux,  Madame  Sevin, 
Beauts  desjardins,  and  Mons.  L^on  Brunei. 

Reflexed  and  Anemone-flowered.  —  Mr.  Boyd  here 
came  1st  and  Mr.  Phelan  2d,  both  staging  some  capital 
blooms  of  Marginatum,  Fleur  de  Marie.  &c. ,  the  former 
stand  having  some  of  the  fine  varieties  recently  in- 
troduced. 

Twelve  pompons  (in  bunches). — For  this  there  were 
three  entries,  and  the  prizes  were  as  in  last  section.  Mr. 
Boyd  had  three  gems  of  the  fimbriata  class,  **  perfect 
little  cushions  of  beauty,"  as  one  lady  described  them. 

Twelve  blooms,  any  variety. — We  regard  this  as  a 
most  important  class,  intended  for  amateurs  who  have 
no  gardeners,  and  which  would  have  been  well  filled  but 
for  the  short  notice.  Mrs.  Jellicoe,  Cahir.  got  ist  prize, 
with  a  creditable  stand,  we  would  suggest  that  next 
year  this  class  be  subdivided  for  those  who  grow  under 
glass  and  in  the  open  air. 

Lastly,  in  this  department  came  the  disposition  of  the 
large  Silver  Medal  so  kindly  placed  at  the  disposal  of 
the  committee  by  Messrs.  Saunders,  the  spirited  proprie- 
tors of  the  Friars'  Walk  Nurseries.  Cork,  for  the  best 
collection  of  Chrysanthemums  in  the  show.  As  Mr. 
Phelan  had  already  got  ist  prizes  in  the  principal  classes, 
incurved  and  Japanese,  his  right  to  this  additional  trophy 
was  unquestioned. 

Before  passing  from  the  floral  to  the  fruit  sections  we 
must  not  omit  noticing  the  extra  exhibits,  which  would 
alone  have  made  an  independent  flower  show.  In  cut 
blooms  of  Chrysanthemums  (not  competing)  Mr. 
Phelan  had  two  stands  of  eighteen  varieties,  Japanese 
and  incurved,  many  of  them  new  varieties,  which 
with  those  competing  made  a  total  of  forty-eight  dis- 
tinct varieties,  all  of  exhibition  form,  size,  and  substance, 
well  illustrating  the  great  resources  of  spring  gardens. 

In  the  same  way  from  Anner  House  Mr.  Chbborn 
contributed  thirty-six  distinct  varieties,  all  splendidly 
finished,  one  of  his  stands  of  twelve  having  six  new 
Japanese  and  six  incurved,  well  deserving  the  notice 
they  received.  In  new  varieties,  large  as  were  the 
exhibits  of  the  gentleman  named,  they  were  behind  Mr. 
Boyd,  who  had  many  gems  that  even  experts  had  seen 
for  the  first  time.  His  contributions  of  plants  to  the 
general  display,  too,  were  admirable,  especially  a  large 
central  Palm.  The  largest  bloom  in  the  show  c-mie 
from  Minella.  Here  must  be  specially  noticed  the  con- 
tributions of  George  Gough,  Esq.,  liirdhill,  among  the 
rest  several  rare  Orchids,  such  as  the  Odontoglossum 
Alexandras  magnificum,  Laelias,  &c.,  Poinsettias, 
Crotons,  Drac.-enas.  two  immense  Adiantum  (Farley- 
ense).  &c. ;  while  a  general  collection  ol  Adiantums,  gold 
and  other  Ferns  came  from  Anner  House.  Cordylmes, 
Bamboos,  and  many  brilliant  foliage  plants  were  inter- 
spersed with  the  best  effect,  while  vacant  spaces  were 
filled  with  a  collection  of  Cypripediums  from  Anner 
House. 

The  Fruit  Collections. 

The  second  section  of  the  show  was  devoted  to  fruit 
collections.  Remembering  the  time  of  the  year,  and 
that  no  previous  preparation  had  been  made  for  this 
exhibition,  the  display  was  a  credit  to  our  locality.  No 
less  than  five  collections  were  staged,  and  these  filled  one 
side  of  the  ball-room  completely.  The  ist  prize  was  well 
won  by  Mrs.  Malcomson,  Minella  (gr.,  Mr.  Crehan), 
who  had  Melons,  two  fine  bunches  of  two  varieties 
of  Grapes,  and  a  superb  collection  of  Pears  and  Apples. 
Of  the  Pears  may  be  named  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Duchesse 
d'Angoul^me,  Beurr^  Diel,  Hampden's  Bergamot. 
Beurr^  Ranee,  &c.,  all  splendid  specimens.     Mr.  Crehan 


had  also  two  dozen  varieties  of  Apples  of  fine  size  and 
highly  coloured— baking,  or  kitchen,  and  dessert.  Of 
unusual  size  were  Hawthornden.  M^re  de  Manage,  and 
Alfriston,  very  beautiful  Fearn's  Pippin,  Manx  Codlin. 
and  the  now  too  seldom  seen  Jolly  Beggar.  The  2d 
prize,  for  the  most  select  and  varied  collection,  went  to 
Captain  Bagwell,  D.L.,  Marlfield  (gr..  Mr.  Wm. 
Cleary).  It  included  several  dishes  of  Pears,  Nuts, 
Medlars,  kitchen  and  dessert  Apples  in  variety — a  rich 
and  most  creditable  display. 

If  there  was  a  prize  for  Apples  alone  it  would  have 
been  hard  to  beat  Mr.  Boyd's  two  dozen  varieties,  some 
of  them  of  immense  size  and  rich  colour. 

Equally  creditable  were  Mr.  Phelans  twenty  dishes  ot 
more  than  a  dozen  distinct  varieties. 

Special  mention  must  be  made  of  the  two  large 
baikets,  not  for  competition,  sent  from  her  beautiful 
garden  at  Coolgreany,  by  Mrs.  Crean.  Many  varieties 
were  of  immense  size  and  of  the  most  brilliant  colours. 
Clonmel  Chronicle,  Tipperary  and  Waterford  Chronicle. 


THE  ROSE  GARDEN  IN  WINTER. 

Neither  pleasant  to  eyes  or  nose  is  the  aspect  o( 
what  was  in  the  month  of  June  a  scene  refreshing  and 
gladdening  to  both,  for  the  Rose  requires  such  treat- 
ment in  winter  as" militates  sadly  against  the  appear- 
ance of  the  garden,  and  this  is  one  of  the  reasons  why 
it  is  so  desirable  that  instead  of  being  mixed  up  with 
other  flowers,  it  should  have  a  place  to  itself. 

In  preparing  the  beds  for  winter,  two  things  have 
to  be  guarded  against — the  rough  action  of  high 
winds,  and  the  destructive  action  of  frost.  With  re- 
gard  to  the  former,  where  long  shoots  have  been  made 
the  wind  is  apt  to  get  hold  of  them  and  so  to  keep 
loosening  the  plant  that  a  hole  is  made  by  the  crown 
and  thus  water  gels  in  it  and  rots  the  roots,  while  the 
conlinued  moving  about  by  the  wind  loosens  the 
roots  and  they  do  not  do  their  work  well.  To  remedy 
this  it  will  be  needful  in  the  first  place  to  shorten  the 
shoots  about  I  foot  or  iS  inches  ;  this  will  give  the 
wind  less  play  and  will  not  be  sufficient  to  cause  them 
to  break  out  too  early,  which  has  been  urged  as  an 
objection  by  some  against  the  simple  process  ;  in  fact, 
one  excellent  authority  and  large  grower  advocates 
the  complete  pruning  of  Roses  before  Christmas  : 
this  I  cannot  agree  with,  for  if  anything  of  a 
severe  frost  sets  in  the  wood  must  be  injured,  and 
should  it  be  a  mild  winter  I  think  that  the  Roses 
would  start  much  sooner  into  leaf  and  so  expose  them- 
selves to  the  spring  frosts  of  May  which  generally  do 
so  much  injury.  It  will  also  be  well  to  tie  these  long 
shoots  to  a  stake  and  so  to  secure  the  plants  ;  where 
plants  are  bushy  this  may  be  done  also,  and  in  ex- 
posed positions  this  autumn  staking  is  quite  a  neces- 
sity. 

But  frost  is,  after  all,  the  real  enemy  with  which  we 
have  to  contend.  When  standards  were  more  grown 
than  they  are  now,  it  was  a  much  more  serious  matter  ; 
thus  after  the  terribly  severe  winter  of  1881  millions  of 
standards  were  killed  in  the  Rose  growing  districts 
of  Brie  Comtc  Robert,  and  indeed  the  locality  has 
never  yet  recovered  its  rosy  character  ;  but  now  few 
Rose  growers  care  for  standards,  and  especially  for 
the  reason  that  they  are  so  liable  to  be  injured  by 
frost,  whereas  if  care  is  given  to  dwarfs,  whether  on 
the  Manetti  or  Brier,  the  evil  effects  of  frost  may,  to  a 
certain  and  considerable  extent,  be  warded  off.  I  have 
found  it  to  be  a  good  plan  first  of  all  to  draw  some  of  the 
earth  round  the  collar  of  the  plant,  and  then  carefully 
to  mulch  all  the  bed  with  manure.  Where  manure 
is  scarce  (as  it  is  not  with  me)  it  may  be  sufficient  to 
place  it  round  each  plant,  but  where  plentiful  the 
whole  bed  had  better  be  covered.  The  manure  best 
suited  for  this  purpose  is  pig-dung.  This  is  very 
strong,  and  the  Rose  is  a  very  gourmand,  a  gross 
feeder,  and  the  stronger  it  is  the  better  it  likes 
it.  Moreover,  it  is  not  so  liable  to  create  fungus  as 
horse-manure.  I  lay  it  evenly  over  the  beds,  and 
have  continually  to  watch  the  blackbirds  and  thrushes 
who  are  very  fond  of  scra'ching  amongst  it  for  grubs 


and  worms,  which,  however,  it  does  not  contain  in 

the  same  quantity  as  other  kinds  of  manure.  The 
autumn  and  winter  rains  will  wash  down  into  the 
soil  the  fertilising  salts  and  other  matter,  and  in  the 
spring  the  long  straw  may  be  raked  off,  and  the 
short  manure  which  remains  be  gently  forked  into 
the  beds.  I  found  last  year  that  the  raking  off  my 
rosery  made  a  very  respectable  heap,  on  which  I 
planted  Vegetable  M^irrows,  which  gave  me  a  most 
bounteous  supply.  This  process  of  mulching  is  at 
first  a  very  unpleasant  one  to  those  whose  olfactories 
are  susceptible,  and  once  I  very  nearly  drove  a  rela- 
tive away  whose  sense  of  smell  was  very  acute  by 
indulging  in  this  proceeding  when  she  was  with  us  ; 
but  after  a  little  while  this  goes  off  when  rains  have 
come,  and  you  have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that 
your  favourites  are  benefiting  by  it.  Where  it  is 
dangerous  to  plant  Tea  Roses  in  the  autumn,  or 
where,  as  is  sometimes  the  <.a-,e,  they  are  con- 
sidered to  require  more  prot'-ction  than  hybrid 
perpetuals,  it  will  be  well  to  lay  them  in,  so  that 
they  can  be  covered  over  completely  in  severe 
weather,  and  planted  out  in  the  spring.  I  have 
found  that  Tea  Roses  so  heeled  make  very  good 
growth  if  carefully  attended  to ;  and  I  have  seen 
some  splendid  boxes  of  blooms  shown  by  Mr.  Prince, 
of  Oxford,  fine  plants,  which  had  only  been  planted 
in  May. 

When  Teas  and  Noisettes  are  grown  upon  walls,  and 
especially  when  they  are  used  as  climbing  Roses,  it 
will  be  necessary  to  be  watchful,  and  to  be  ready  to 
protect  them  in  case  of  frost  ;  it  will  not  do  to  cover 
them  up  too  soon,  as  they  are  thereby  induced  to 
start  early,  and  to  get  cut  with  the  spring  frost— this  is 
specially  the  case  when  the  wall  faces  the  east.  I 
feet  now  that  if  I  had  so  protected  my  finest  plant  of 
Rcve  d'Or,  I  should  not  have  had  to  have  deplored 
the  cutting  of  it  down  to  the  ground  ;  it  will  not  be 
needful  to  cover  with  thick  material.  There  is  nothing 
better  for  the  purpose  than  what  is  known  as  scrim,  or 
papering  canvas,  it  is  tougher  than  tiffany  and  not 
so  easily  torn,  while  it  is  quite  sufficient  to  sift  the 
frost  and  cold  cutting  winds,  and  will  not  encourage 
premature  growth. 

The  weather  has,  up  to  this  date  (November  25), 
been  so  open,  that  where  these  precautions  have  not 
been  already  taken,  they  may  be  done  now,  and,  like 
sailors  before  a  gale,  having  battened  down  the 
hatches  and  made  all  preparation,  they  may  have  the 
satisfaction  of  looking  forward  with  some  degree  of 
confidence,  as  they  say  "  All  taut."   Wild  Kose.'^ 


COLONIAL  NOTES. 

Experiments  at  Tipling. — Mr.  J.  Aitken  Mid- 
dleton,  of  Tin-kong,  reports  as  follows  to  the  Agri* 
Horticultural  Society  of  India  :— 

"  l'anilla.~\  think  I  told  you  that  I  had  planted  this 
in  virgin  jungle  with  only  the  undergrowth  cut  down. 
It  came  on  splendidly,  but  I  regret  to  say  that  the 
squirrels  took  a  liking  to  it,  and  ate  off  the  shoots  as  they 
came  out.  I  have  removed  it  to  a  more  open  space,  and 
have  planted  artificial  shade  over  it,  and  I  am  glad  to 
say  it  is  now  doing  very  well.  Of  course  this  transplant- 
ing has  checked  growth  considerably,  and  will,  I  fear, 
cause  delay  in  blossoming  and  fruiting,  but  I  have  little 
fear  for  it  now. 

"  Ceara  Rubber. — The  last  lot  has  germinated  fairly 
well  ;  after  it-  is  germinated  it  seems  to  have  only  one 
enemy,  namely,  the  mole-cricket.  This  fellow  destroys 
them  when  they  are  3  to  4  inches  high.  I  had  forty  plants 
destroyed  in  one  night.  The  only  tree  that  came  to  any 
size  here  (Tin-kong)  Out  of  the  very  first  lot  of  seed  you 
sent  me,  has  begun  to  flower.  I  regret  to  tell  you,  how- 
ever, that  during  a  thunderstorm  some  two  nights  ago 
the  flowering  branch  was  broken  off.  This  branch  I 
have  cut  in  pieces  and  planted  to  see  if  they  will  grow. 
In  March  one  of  the  trees  planted  at  Tipling  was  blown 
down  in  a  gale  ;  1  had  it  cut  in  pieces  and  planted  at 
once,  and  am  glad  to  say  that  all  the  cuttings  are  doing 
well.  I  should  now  be  obliged  by  yonr  giving  me  some 
information  as  to  when,  where,  and  how  the  trees  ought 
to  be  tapped. 

"  Divi-Divi.  —  As  I  told  you  some  time  ago,  the  tree 
grows  very  freely  here.  Nearly  every  seed  you  sent  me 
has  germinated.  The  few  trees  I  have  here  have  not 
grown  much  in  length  lately,  but  have  thicked  about  the 
roots,  and  have  spread  out  on  top.  They  seem  to  like 
the  sun.  as  all  are  turned  towards  the  south  and  south- 
west. Two  are  specially  noticeable  in  that  way.  being 
spread  out  like  trained  Plum  trees  ficing  south-west,  not 
a  leaf  on  the  other  sides.  There  is  no  shade  anywhere 
near  them,  so  T  cannot  account  for  this  way  of  growing." 


730 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  5,  1885. 


Iammca:  Formation  of  a  Horticultural 
Society. 

Kingston,  Jamaica.— Vox  some  five  years  annual 
flower  shows  have  been  held  at  Kingston,  largely 
assisted  and  supported  in  the  way  of  plants  for 
ornamental  purposes  by  the  botanical  establishment 
of  the  island.  Recently  a  movement  has  been 
organised  for  the  furtherance  of  horticultural  matters 
of  a  permnnent  character  under  the  title  of  the 
Kingston  Horticultural  Society.  In  this  the  pro- 
moters of  the  flower  show  movement  have  heartily 
joined,  and  a  suai  of  ^53  has  been  handed  over  to 
the  new  Society. 

At  the  maogural  meeting  held  on  October  6 
rules  were  passed  and  ofHc^rs  appointed  for  the 
ensjing  year  as  follows: — Tresident,  the  Hon. 
H.  J.  Kemble  Vice-President,  D.  Morris,  M.  A., 
F.L.S.  ;  Treasu.crs,  P.  E.  Auvray  and  W.  Bailey  ; 
Hon.  S.-cretary,  j.  J.  Bwrey,  F.I.C.,  F.C.S.  The 
Society  starts  with  120  members,  and  meetings 
are  to  be  held  monthly  for  the  reading  of  papers  and 
disu'sions  bearing  on  such  practical  aspects  of  horti- 
culture as  obiain  at  Kmgston  and  the  neighbourhood. 
Smce  the  inauguration. of  the  annual  Bower  shows  a 
marked  improvement  has  been  effected  in  the  culti- 
vation of  flowers,  fruits  and  vegetables,  in  the  area 
a:T^cted  by  them.  The  new  Horticultural  Society, 
wtiich  is  the  natural  ou'come  of  this  increased 
activity,  has  therefore  a  useful  career  before  it.  The 
next  meeting  of  the  Society  is  fixed  for  November  3, 
when  Mr.  D.  Morris,  the  Director  of  the  Botanical 
Department,  Bill  read  a  paper  on  "  Tropical  Gar- 
dening." At  the  close  of  each  meeting  members  will 
bring  specimens  of  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables  for 
exhibition  and  to  be  named  ;  and  in  this  manner  the 
meetings  will  be  rendered  of  great  practical  value, 
and  at  the  same  lime  be  the  means  of  difiusiog  useful 
and  accurate  information  on  horticultural  matters 
amongst  members  and  the  community  at  large. 

Droughts  in  Jamaica. 
Mr.  Morris,  who  seems  never  to  leave  a  stone 
unturned  in  his  desire  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the 
iaUnd  in  which  he  fulfils  the  oflice  of  Colonial 
Bjianist,  has  published  a  lecture  on  the  occurrence  of 
droughts  in  Jamaica,  their  probable  causes,  and  the 
means  to  be  taken  to  remedy  them.  The  highest 
annual  rainfall  (iSo.  I  inches)  is  in  the  Government  Cin- 
chona plantations,  at  an  elevation  of  4S50  feet,  while 
the  lowest  is  more  than  S.9  inches,  at  the  Palisados 
plantation,  6  feet  above  sea-level.  Mr.  Morris  dis- 
cusses the  meteorological  and  physical  conditions  of 
the  island,  the  influence  of  forests  on  rainfall  as 
observed  in  variou  countries,  the  effects  of  improvi- 
dent destruction  of  woods,  principally  by  fire — to 
which  he  attributes  much  of  the  evils  complained  of 
in  Jamaica  ;  and  concludes  by  making  certain 
practical  suggestions  for  the  preservation  of  springs, 
rain-water,  and  humidity. 

The  Potato  Kot,  &c. 

Muinciins,  Outario,—K\\.ex  an  unprecedentedly 
wet  season  it  need  not  be  a  matter  of  surprise  that  some 
Potatos  in  low  situations  should  be  aft'ected  with  tot, 
but  we  regret  to  state  that  both  in  high  and  low  situa- 
tions on  sand  and  clay,  a  large  proportion  of  our  Po- 
tatos is  lost.  Some  fields  have  all  been  bad.  Such  a 
calamity  has  not  befallen  us  before.  Our  fall  Wheat 
cro^  has  been  a  fair  one  ;  the  spring  Wheat  poor, 
and.in  many  cases  a  failure.  Barley  and  Peas  might 
be  described  as  an  average.  Apples  have  been 
various,  some  remarkably  abundant  and  others  de- 
ficient. Common  Plums  were  plentiful,  but  finer 
kinds  scanty,  and  many  trees  killed  by  frost,  and  this 
to  an  extent  previously  unknown.  M.  Morren. 

Bamboos  Seeding. 
Some  Bamboos  of  the  "  Katang  "  variety  (Bam- 
busa  arundinacea,  Retz.)  having  flowered  in  Ghazi- 
pore,  North-Western  Provinces,  Mr.  Nichols,  C.S., 
had  the  seed  collected  for  distribution.  Mr.  Nichols 
advises  sowing  in  shallow  pans,  or  in  seed-beds  under 
shelter.  Transplant  to  a  nursery  bed  when  the  seed- 
lings are  about  2  inches  high.  Again  transplant 
when  about  7  inches  high,  and  keep  till  finally  located 
in  a  place  where  they  can  be  frequently  watered. 
The  Katang  likes  a  rather  sandy  alluvial  soil,  though 
it  will  do  well  on  "  Regur,"  or  black  cotton  soil. 
At  Jabbalpore,  where  planted  mostly  for  ornament, 
the  plan  which  seems  to  have  succeeded  best  of  all 
tvas  to  plant  in  a  circle.     So  far  as  I  can  see,  there 


will  probably  be  no  chance  of  getting  more  seed  for 
some  forty  years.  This  variety  is  believed  to  have  a 
life  period  of  about  fifty-five  years.  It  often  attains 
the  height  of  60  feet  under  favourable  circumstances. 
In  1S36  Captain  Sleeman  recorded  in  this  S  iciely's 
Journal  (Transactions,  vol.  iii.)  the  flowering  and 
death  of  all  the  Bamboos  in  Dehra  Doon,  and  states 
that  it  is  a  characteristic  of  the  Bamboo  that  all  the 
produce  of  the  same  seed  will  run  to  seed  and  die  in 
the  same  season,  without  reference  to  the  season  in 
which  they  may  have  been  transplanted  from  original 
stock.  Dr.  Brandis  seems  to  confirm  this  in  his 
Forest  Flora,  and  says  isolated  clumps  may  be  met 
occasionally,  "but,  as  a  rule,  all  clumps  in  one  dis- 
trict come  into  flower  simultaneously,  a  few  clumps 
flowering  in  the  previous  and  some  in  the  succeeding 
years."  So  it  is  probable  that  there  will  be  a  wide- 
spread flowering  next  season.  Jouriial  of  tht  A^ri- 
Horticulturul  Society. 


©{jituatp. 

Mr.  I.Hniel  Higford  Davall  Burr,  of  Alder- 
maston  Court,  near  Reading,  died  on  Sunday  last  at  his 
own  residence  in  Eaton  Place,  London.  The  deceased 
gentleman  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Lieuienant- 
(ieneral  Diniel  Burr,  by  his  marriage  with  Mary, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Mr.  James  Davis,  of  Chep- 
stow, Monmouthshire,  and  was  born  in  iSii.  He 
was  educated  at  Eion  and  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
He  was  for  a  time  a  member  of  the  Council  of  ihe 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  About  the  year  1850 
he  purchased  the  estate  of  the  Congreves,  at  Alder- 
maston,  where  he  pulled  down  the  old  court  and 
erected  a  magnificent  new  mansion  in  the  antique 
style. 


W  ^^  WEATl^' 


Hygrtimc- 
tncal    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7tli 
Edition. 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 
THE  Ajr. 

Wind. 

Q 

.J 

1 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 
18  years. 

i 

1 

1   . 

s 

h 
III 

V 

S 

Q 

If" 

1 

Nov. 

In. 

In.    1  . 

. 

In 

36 

5919 

-0.5050.5 

440 

6.5 

47.' 

-t-S-6 

46.4 

9S 

E. 

0,48 

a? 

J9.40 

-03151.0 

46.0 

S-o 

484 

+  6.8 

43  I 

81 

s.w. 

0.18 

33 

'9'S 

— 0.56S7.Sj47S 

9.7 

53.6 

4-II0 

49  6 

90 

s.w. 

0.13 

n 

»9  4S 

—  0,1656  337.5 

,8.8 

48  4 

■V  6.7,47.3 

*\ 

s.s.w. 

0.31 

d'^ 

3g63 

-on  57  5  44  8'u.7 

so  5  -1-  8.849.3 

9S 

s.w. 

0.39 

3004 

+0314S.0  37.o]il  0 

42  6-t-  0938.9     87 

S.W. 

001 

» 

3-0, 

-I-0.33  44  7,31  » 

■3  5 

39  0-a.835.8     95 

s.w. 

0.00 

Mean 

2956 

-a  16 

5>-r4i.i 

...o 

47-0  -^  S.3  44.a     90 

s  w. 

1.30 

Nov.  26.— Rain  from  early  morning. 

—  27.  -  Rain  in  early  morning  ;  fine  day. 

—  28.— Very  dull  day  ;  fine  clear  night. 

—  29. — Very  dull  throughout. 

—  30.— Rain  falling  nearly  all  day. 
Dec.     I. — Very  fine  day. 

—  '  2. — Very  fine  day. 


London  ;  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  28,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29.50 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.45  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  22d,  increased  from  29  63  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  23d,  decreased  to  29. 48  inches  by 
I  r  M.  on  the  same  day,  increased  to  29.70  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  24th,  decreased  to  29,35  inches  by 
I  P.M.  on  the  25lh,  increased  to  29  45  inches  by  9 
A.M.  on  the  27th,  decreased  to  29.27  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  26lh,  increased  to  29.66  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  27th,  decreased  to  29.29  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the 
28th,  and  was  29  40  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 


The  mean  reading  of  the  barom^tei  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29  46  inches,  being 
0.57  inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  041  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  57^2,  on  the  2SLh  ;  on 
the  24'h  the  highest  temperature  was  39  5. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  48°. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  34^8,  on  the  22d, 
on  the  2Sih  the  lowest  temperatuie  was  47^.5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  40^  8. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
I2''.2,  on  the  22d  ;  the  smallest  on  the  24  h  was  3°, 5. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  7''.2. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  22  i,  4i°.4:  on 
the  23d,  40°. 3  ;  on  the  24h,  38  2  ;  on  the  25ih, 
44°.I  ;  on  the  26th,  47°.2  ;  on  the  27  h,  48°.4  ;  and 
on  the  28(h,  52°  6  ;  of  these  the  hr»t  three  were 
below  their  averages  byo°.  I,  i°.4,  and  3"  4  respec- 
tively, and  the  last  four  were  above  by  2  .5,  5°. 6, 
6^,8,  and  It"  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  44''.6, 
being  7°. 8  higher  than  last  week,  and  3°  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  ihetmometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  77°-5i  on  the  27ih.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  55^.5. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass  was  30"  on  the  23 'd.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  readings  was  37^. 

Ram. — Rain  fell  on  five  days  to  the  amount  of 
I '37  inch. 

England:  Temfetature.  —  Uatmg  the  week  end- 
ing November  28,  the  highest  temperatures  were  59° 
at  Cambridge,  57°.^  at  Biackhealh,  57'  at  Tcuro  ;  ihe 
highest  at  Sunderland  49',  at  Bjlton,  Pieston,  and 
Newcastle  52".     The  general  mean  was  54''.3. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  33°.  I  at  Bolion,  34° 
at  Wolverhampton  and  Preston;  the  lowest  at  Ply- 
mouth was  43",  at  Truro  40°,  at  Brighton  39°. 5. 
The  general  mean  was  36". 9. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  23°.  5  at  Cambridge,  22^  4 
at  B  ackhealh,  21°  at  Hull ;  the  least  ranges  were  12'  8 
at  Plymouth,  13'  at  Sunderland  and  Newcastle.  Tte 
general  mean  was  17''. 4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  55°. 3,  at  Plymouih  5?°  3, 
at  Brighton  49''.9,  and  was  low  at  IWolverhampton, 
44°.5,  at  Bradford  44' 6,  at  Preston  45°.3.  The 
general  mean  was  47°.  8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  46°.4,  at  Plymouth  45°. 3,',.!  Brighton 
42°.7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  VVolver^ampton,  37*, 
at  Bolton  37'.2,  at  Bradford  38°.9.  The  general 
mean  was  40°.6. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Tru  o,  S°.9, 
at  Hull  8^4,  at  Bolton  8°. 3  ;  and  was  leas  at 
Nottingham  5°.4,  at  Bradford  5°.?,  at  Leeds  6°.l. 
The  general  mean  was  7'',2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  50°.7, 
at  Plymouih  49'.!,  at  Brighton  46'.!;  and  was 
lowest  at  W^olverhampton,  40^4,  at  Bolton  41°.  I,  at 
Bradford  41°. 6.     The  general  mean  was  44°. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  27.3  inches  at  Truro, 
2.68  inches  at, Plymouth,  2.49  inches  at^Brighton  ;;the 
smallest  falls  were  1. 16  inch  at  Cambridge,  1.20 
inch  at  Prestory,  1.26  inch  at  Newcastle.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.71  inch. 

Scotland  ;  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  28,  the  highest  temperature  was  50°, 
at  Glasgow  ;  at  Paisley  the  highest  temperature  was 
47°. 2.     The  general  mean  was  48°. 7. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  32*,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Paisley  the  lowest  temperature  was  36°.  9. 
The  general  mean  was  35°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith, 
4l°.8  ;  and  lowest  at  Dundee,  40°.  I.  The  general 
mean  was  41". 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.87  inch,  at  Greenock  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  078  inch,  at  Leith.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.23  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  30,  1885,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  vealher  has    been   dull,  with 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


731 


frequent  and  heavy  rain  in  England  and  the  S.  of 
Ireland,  but  somewhat  6ner  in  Scotland  and  the  N, 
of  Ireland. 

The  tanpcraturc  has  been  about  equal  to  the  mean 
in  "Scotland,  N.,"  but  above  it  elsewhere;  in 
eastern,  central,  southern,  and  south-western  Eng- 
land the  excess  has  been  as  much  as  6"  or  7°.  The 
maxima,  which  were  generally  registered  on  the  29th, 
rant^ed  from  49°  to  53*  in  Scotland,  from  56*  to  59" 
in  Ireland,  and  from  54''  to  59"  over  England.  The 
minima,  which  were  recorded  on  different  days  in 
the  various  districts,  ranged  from  30°  in  "England, 
N.W.,"  1036"  in  "England,  S."  and  "Scotland. 
W.,"  and  to  45"'  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Rainfall  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  "  Scotland, 
N.,"  but  more  in  all  other  parts  of  the  kingdom.  In 
most  of  the  English  districts,  in  the  S.  of  Ireland, 
and  over  the  English  Channel,  the  excess  has  been 
very  large. 

Bright  sunshine  has  been  very  deficient  in  nearly 
all  places,  the  percentages  of  the  possible  duration 
varying  between  3  and  12  in  most  districts  to  19  in 
"  Ireland,  N."  and  29  in  "  Scotland,  N." 

Depressions  Observed. — Three  depressions  appeared 
within  our  area  during  this  period.  The  first  was 
shown  oft'  the  south  of  Ireland  on  the  24th,  but  it  re- 
mained almost  stationary  until  the  night  of  the  25th 
— 26lh,  when,  having  grown  deeper,  it  travelled 
northwards  outside  our  western  coasts.  The  second 
moved  quickly  in  a  north-easterly  direction  over  our 
islands  on  the  2St,h,  disappearing  over  the  south  of 
Scandinavia  on  the  following  day.  The  third  moved 
with  rather  unusual  rapidity  north-north-easterly  out- 
side our  western  and  north-western  coasts  on  the 
29rh,  and  disappeared  to  the  northward  of  Norway. 
•Very  strong  gales  from  between  east  and  south-east 
were  experienced  on  our  northern  coasts  on  the  26th 
and  27th,  and  strong  winds  or  gales,  at  first  from  east, 
and  afterwards  from  the  south-westward,  in  most  other 
jjarts  of  the  kingdom.  During  the  remainder  of  the 
period  the  wind  was  generally  south-westerly  to 
westerly,  and  at  times  increased  to  a  strong  breeze  or 


f\^^l|p>r7'(y/?a7Mfe/z^| 


'^  Our  Almanac  for  1886. — Secretaries  of  Provin- 
cial and  Metropolitan  Horticultural  Societies  are 
particularly  invited  to  send  us,  as  soon  as  possible, 
tkt  Dates  of  their  Meetings  and  Exhibitions  during 
tke  ensuing  year,  so  as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 


Apple  Seedling  Grafted  :  R.  Ross.  The  seedlings 
are  grafted  to  get  them  to  bear  fruit  earlier  than  they 
would  on  their  own  roots,  and  are  grafted  on  the 
r^aradise  Apple  stock  because  it  has  the  property  of 
causing  early  fruitfulness.  Without  so  grafting  seedlings, 
tlie  raisers  might  have  to  wait  many  yearb  before  fruits 
were  produced. 

Books:  G.  A.,  Natal.  Harvey's  Life.  Messrs.  G. 
Bell  &  Son  inform  us  that  they  have  still  the  work 
on  sale. — A  Beginner.  The  letterpress  will  no  doubt 
tell  you,  if  you  read  it.  We  cannot  say  what  the  scale 
is  without  seeing  it.  But  we  suppose  the  decimal 
system  of  metres  and  centimetres  is  used  throughout. 

Erratum  :  Edinburgh  Apple  and  Pear  Con- 
gress.— In  the  report  of  exhibits  from  Renfrewshire 
the  two  Pears.  Beurr6  Bosc  and  Marie  Louise,  are 
wrongly  staled  as  from  Mr.  Lindsay,  they  having  been 
sent  by  Mr.  Henry  Maxwell,  Ralston  Gardens,  Paisley 

EucHARis  :  J.  Lynn.     Swarming  with  mites. 

Hemlock  Spruce  Bark  Extract  :  T.Kirk,  Welling^ 
ton,  New  Zealand.  Our  correspondent  is  referred  to  a 
paragraph  on  this  subject  at  p.  724  of  our  present 
issue. 

Insects  on  Orchids:  Camjee.  You  have  bought 
more  than  you  bargained  for.  The  plants  are  covered 
with  scale-coccus.  They  are  so  badly  infested  that  we 
recommend  you  to  burn  them. 

Names  of  Fruits. — J.  F.  Pear:  not  recognised.— 
Arthur  Lee.  Apples:  2,  Dumelow's  Seedling;  3, 
Beauty  of  Kent ;  Pears :  4,  Marechal  de  la  Cour  ;  5, 
Triomphede  Jodoigne  ;  6,  Beurr^  Diel.— yV.  G.  i, 
Fearn's  Pippin  ;  2,  Wareham  Russet  ;  3,  Colonel 
Vaughan  ;  4.  not  known  ;  5,  Cox's  Pomona. — J.  F. 
A,  not  recognised  ;  E,  Bedfordshire  Foundling  ;  c, 
Lord  Derby  ;  d,  Hanwell  Souring. 

Names  OF  Plants  :  H.  V.  Hedychium  Gardnerianum. 
Greenhouse  treatment  will  suit  the  plant  during 
winter,  when  it  must  be  kept  dry  in  the  manner  of 
Cactuses.  In  April  the  roots  may  be  wholly  or  partly 
shaken  out,  and  be  repotted  in  a  compost  of  three- 
quarters    loam   and   one-quarter   peat,    with   a   little 


;  and  sand  added.  After  repotting,  stove  treat- 
ment must  be  adopted  for  two  months,  after  which  the 
plants  may  be  placed  in  the  greenhouse.  When  they 
are  sufliciently  hardened  off  they  may  be  stood  in 
warm,  partially  shaded  spots,  out-of-doors.  When  in 
sufficient  numbers,  the  pots  may  be  sunk  to  the  rims 
in  beds  or  borders,  where  the  fine  foUage  and  deliciously- 
scented  flowers  are  very  effective.  The  plants,  when 
the  pots  have  become  filled  with  roots,  require  plenty 
of  water,  and  occasionally  applications  of  weak 
manure-water  are  of  benefit.  Before  frosts  occur, 
such  plants  must  be  removed  indoors,  and  gradually 
forced  to  rest  by  withholding  water  ;  and  when  the 
growth  is  partly  decayed,  it  may  be  cut  to  within 
4  inches  of  the  soil. — S.  Ray.  The  wretched  scrap  was 
withered  beyond  recognition.  We  guess  it  may  have 
been  a  fragment  of  the  common  Jasmine,  the  other  is 
one  of  the  hybrid  shrubby  Veronicas. —  W.  S.  Var.  of 
Lycaste  macrophylla. — M.  S.  Cooke.  Var.  of  Lycaste 
macrophyila. — S.  C.  As  near  as  we  can  tell,  your 
Ivies  are  —  i,  Helix  canariensis  grandiflora  variegata  ; 
2,  H.  algeriensis  ;  3.  H.  conglomerata  ;  4,  H.  caen- 
woodiana?*5,  H.  aurea  variegata  ;  6,  H.  marginata 
grandis. — A.  C.  Epidendrum  ciliare. — 5.  7-  A'c^j. 
Two  pretty  -and  distinct  forms  of  Calanthe  vestita 
oculata  lutea,  one  white  and  the  other  pale  sulphur. 

Insects:  T.  IV.  The  caterpillars  which  have  injured 
the  roots  of  so  many  of  your  different  kinds  of  plants 
are  tho.e  of  the  common  small  brown  Swift  moth 
(HepiaUis  fuscus).  They  are  now  nearly  full  grown. 
They  are  proving  especially  injurious  at  the  present 
time  by  gnawing  off  the  heads  of  the  young  under- 
ground shoots  of  my  Chrysanthemums.  /.  O.  IV. — 
C.  A.  G.  Tlie  soil  in  which  your  Violets  were  grown 
is  infested  with  mites,  woodlice,  myrapod  centipedes, 
nemotoid  worms,  and  other  abominations.  Turn  it 
all  out  and  get  some  fresh  soil. 

Orchid  Leaves  Diseased  :  R.  P.  P.  i,  Dendro- 
bium  leaves.  This  is  the  black  spot  of  gardeners, 
c.iused,  it  is  supposed,  by  a  fungus  named  Protomyces 
concomitans.  2,  Odoutoglossum.  This  is  a  remark- 
able case.  The  underneath  side  of  each  leaf  is  dotted 
all  over  with  minute  dark  projecting  spots  or  pustules, 
the  membrane  of  the  leaf  being  burst  over  each  spot. 
Each  spot  looks  like  a  familiar  Puccinia  or  Uredo- 
pustule,  as  caused  by  fungi.  On  removing  one  or  more 
for  examination'with  the  microscope  each  pustule  is 
found  to  be  closely  packed  with  Nematoid  worms  and 
their  eggs.  We  have  recorded  these  Nematodes 
before  in  decaying  pseudobulbs  of  Orchids.  For  an 
ijccount  of  "Diseases  of  Orchids"  see  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  May  30,  1885.  Remove  and  bum  affected 
leaves,  and  look  to  the  source  of  infection  from  the 
soil  or  water.    W.  G.  S. 

Pelargonium  :  T.  J.  Parti-coloured  flowers,  such  as 
you  send,  are  not  uncommon.  Your  flower  would  not 
find  favour  wiili  the  florists. 

Red  Berries  :  A.  C.  They  appear  to  be  those  of 
HippDphae  rhamnoides. 

Seedling  Euchakis  :  IV.  Stevens.  The  bloom  is 
handsome,  and  formed  with  much  regularity  of  out- 
line. It  seems  to  be  midway  in  size  between  E. 
amazonica  and  E.  Sanderii.  If  it  should  prove  of  a 
free  flowering  habit  it  will  be  worth  keeping. 

The  Electric  Tree  of  New  Guinea  :  B.  The  so- 
called  Eisassia  electrica  belongs  to  the  Bosh  or  Fudge 
family.  It  has  many  synonyms,  such  as  Feleetes 
apatelos,  Mendacium  impudens,  Fallacia  fugosa,  not 
to  mention  vernacular  names. 

Tomato  Roots  Diseased  :  /.  J.  R.  The  Tomato 
roots  sent  present  an  extraordinary  appearance.  They 
look  like  small,  rough,  brown  Cauliflowers  full  of 
nodosities,  the  latter  varying  from  the  size  of  a  Pea  to 
iliat  of  a  Hazel-nut.  The  roots  swarm  in  every  part 
with  nematoid  or  microscopic  thread-worms  and  their 
eggs.  These  are  not  to  be  distinguished  after  a  cur- 
sory examination  from  the  similar  objects  so  well 
known  in  Cucumbers.  These  worms  attack  the  plants 
from  the  soil— they  are  often  in  the  water  supplied. 
There  i-^  no  doubt  the  Nematodes  could  easily  be 
destroyed  without  injuring  the  plants,  but  opportunities 
for  experiments  have  not  been  forthcoming.  The 
decaying  parts  of  the  plants  are  full  of  eggs.  The 
best  plan  is  to  destroy  all  the  diseased  plants  by  burn- 
ing. I  always  fancy  I  can  detect  Nematodes  by  an 
odour  like  tliat  of  ants  ;  the  odour  may,  of  course, 
belong  to  the  plants  affected.    W.  G.  S. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Charles  Lowe,  Broad  Street  Comer,    Birmingham — 

Books,  &c. 
Hogg  &  Wood,  Coldstream — General  Nursery  Stock. 
Little    &    Ballantyne,    Carlisle  —  Trees,    Shrubs, 

Roses.  &-C. 
V.    Doi'PLEB,    Erfurt,    Prussia  —  Novelties    in   Asters, 

Abutilons,  Gladiolus,  &c 
PuTZ  &  Roes.  Erfurt — Annual  Trade  Seed  List. 
Frederick  Roemer.  Quedtinburg,  Germany — Choice 

Flower  Seeds,  Special  List. 
W.  Drummond  &  Sons,  58,  Dawson  Street,    Dublin, 

and  at  Stirling — Trees  and  Shmbs,  &c. 


-B.  P,-W. 


-Mad. 


Communications    Re 

Lavallie-G.  B.  W.-Dr.  Drude,  Dresden.— J.  S— J. 
(specimen  sent  to  uur  entomological  referee).— E.  R.  C— C. 
A.  G.— G.  H.— G.  B.  &  Sons.— G.  T.  M  — T.  Barraclough^ 
-H.  T.  Wood.— W.  G.  S.-J.  H.— W.  E.-G.  H.  R.— 
W.  C— W.  S.— I.  B.— T.  W. 


DIED,  on  Monday  last,  aged  seventy-five,  Mr. 
George  Lane,  senior  partner  in  the  firm  of  Messrs. 
G.  &  J.  Lane,  of  the  Cockmanning  Nursery,  St.  Mary 
Cray,  Kent.  Mr.  Lane  was  visited  by  a  paralytic  fit 
about  si.\  months  ago,  and  a  more  severe  attack  entirely 
prostrated  him  in  October  last  ;  since  then  he  had  been 
gradually  sinking.  He  had  been  connected  with  the 
firm  all  his  hfe,  and  was  known  as  a  successful  Apple 
grower. 


[arhets. 


COVENl     GARDEN,    December    3. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
Tlie  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.  ] 

Trade  dull  in  most  of  our  goods,  Pines  and  Grapes 
especially  suffering.  Heavy  consignments  of  Canadian 
and  Nova  Scotia  Apples  still  reaching  us,  as  also  St. 
Michael  Pines.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. —Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  per  K-sIeve  10-31 
—  Canadian,  barrl.  10  0-20  i 
Grapes,  per  \\i.  ..06-21 
Kent  Cobs,  reolb.  ,,22  6-25  \ 
e    . . 15  0-30  ( 


Pine-apples,  Eng.,lb.  16-2. 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-5. 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .  09-1 

—  per  ^-sieve      ..  1  6-  3  < 


Vehetablbs.— . 


choke; 


Beans,  Kidn^ry,  lb.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  1  c 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  o  g 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  ( 
Capsicums,  per  100..  i  i 
Carrot-s,  per  bunch.,  o  i 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  2  c 

Celery,  per  bundle..  1  i 

Coleworts,  doz.  bunch  2  c 

Cucumbers,  each     ..  o  ( 

Endive,  per  dozen  ..  i  c 

Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  o  : 

Leeks,  per  bunch-  . .  o  ;; 

Lettuce,  per  dozen. .  i  c 

PoTATos.— Magnum  Bo 
605.  to  Soj.  per  ton  ;  C 


-Average  Retail  Prices. 

-  Y.  J.  d.  s. 

!  Mushrooms,    punnet  i  o-  i 

I  MustardandCress.do.o  4-  . 

o    Onions,  per  bushel..   4  o-   . 

o  I  Parsley,  dozen  bunch  20-3 

Parsnips,    per  do^en  i  o-  . 

o    Potatos,  per  cwt     . .    40-5 

,,     kidney,  per  cwt  40-5 

o     Salsafy,    per    bundle  i  o-  . 

Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  i  o-  . 

o     Seakale,  p  jnnet       . .   26-  . 

o  '  Shallots, pec  pound. .  o  3-  c 

o     Spinach,    per  bushel  20-4 

o  !  Sprouts,  per  pound      o  3-  . 

I  Sprue,  bundle         ..    10-   . 

4     Tomatos,  per  lb.      ..06-1 

6  I  I'urnips,  bunch        ..06-. 

;,  bad  trade,  505.  to  Zos   \  Reger 
an  Reds,  ■iS.  to  2J.  (id.  per  bag. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Aver 

AGE  Wholesale  Phi 

:es. 

s.  d.  s. 

d. 

T  d 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  g  o-i! 

0 

Ficiis  elastica,  each.. 

I  6- 

Arbo.  vitae  (golden), 

Ferns,  m  variety,  per 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  o-il 

dozen 

—  (common),   dozen  6  o-ia 

0 

Fohage  Plants,  vari- 

Amm Lilies,  dozen. .  12  o-il 

0 

ous.  e.nch  ..         .. 

Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12 

0 

Hyacinths,     Roman, 

Bouvardia,  doz       ..  12  o-i; 

n 

per  pot 

I  0- 

Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  0-12 

0 

Marguerite       Dai^y, 

Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  o-il 

n 

per  dozen  . . 

K  a- 

Cyclamen,   12  pots. .  12  o-i) 

0 

Myrtles,  per  dozen. . 

6  0- 

Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12 

0 

Palms  in  var.,  each 

?  6- 

Dracxna   terminalis, 

Pelargoniums,    scar- 

per dozen  . .          .  .30  0-60 

0 

let,  per  dozen 

1  0- 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-34 

0 

Poinsettia,         per 

Erica,    various,  doz.12  0-21 

n 

dozen        ..          ..    1 

2  0- 

Euonymu>.,    in  var., 

Primulas,    bmgle,    12 

per  dozen  . .          ..6  o-iS 

0 

pots 

4  0- 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

J  ulips,  12  pots 

K  n- 

per  dozen  ..          ..6  0-24 

0 

Cut  Flowers.— Ave 

RA 

ge  Wholesale  Prici 

S. 

s.  d.  s. 

d, 

d 

Abulilon,  12  bunches  20-4 

0 

Lilium     longlfloruin. 

Acacia! Mimosa),  Fr.. 

12  blooms.. 

fi  0- 

per  bunch  ..           ..06-1 

0 

Marguerites,  12  bun. 

2  0- 

Carnation 

,  12  bims. 

I  n- 

Chrysanth 

,  12  blms. 

0  6- 

—  12  bunches 

Cyclamen 

doz.  blms. 

0  fi- 

0  8 

Epiphyllu 

n,      dozen 

n  6- 

I  0 

Eucharis, 

per  dozen 

6  0 

Gardenias 

12  blooms 

b  n 

Hyacinths 

Rom.,  12 

sprays 
Lapageria 

white,  12 

I  0- 

Mignonette,  12  bun.  : 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  < 
Poinsettia,  12  blms..  . 
Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  Tea,  French,  doV. 

—  red,  French,  doz. 
Stephanotis,  12  spr. .  ( 
Tropaeolum,  12  bun.  : 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  : 
Tulips,  doz.  blooms  1 
Violet-s,     12    bunches 

—  Czar,   Fr.,  bunch  : 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun.  ^ 


SEEDS. 


London  ;  Dec.  2. — Owing  to  the  Elections,  and  also 
to  the  near  approach  of  Christmas,  there  were  but  very 
few  transactions  passing  to-day  in  field  seeds.  Some 
further  shipments  ot  red  Clover  seed  have  been  made  to 
America.  New  Trefoil,  under  the  influence  of  a  specu- 
lative inquiry,  has  advanced  is.  per  cwt.  More  atten- 
tion is  also  given  to  white  Clover  seed.  Canary  seed 
keeps  exceedingly  firm.  Hemp  seed  is  still  extremely 
cheap.  In  Rape  seed  the  tendency  is  upward.  There 
is  no  change  in  blue  Peas  or  Haricot  Beans.  White 
Runners  are  selling  at  very  moderate  prices.  Feeding 
Linseed  is  dull.  John  Shaw  &'  Sons,  Seed  Merchants, 
37,  A/ari  Lane,  London,  F..C. 


732 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  g,  1885. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  N<n'.  30.— There  was  very  little  inquiry 
in  any  department.  English  Wheat  sold  at  i>d.  to  \s. 
lower  from  want  of  condition.  Foreign  Wheats,  whilst 
dull,  were  not  as  a  rule  quotably  altered.  Flour,  though 
hanging  on  hand,  was  not  quotably  altered  in  value. 
With  liberal  arrivals  Peas  declined  \s.  per  qr.  Oats 
from  the  same  cause  met  but  few  buyers  at  previous 
rates.  Maize  was  steady  in  value,  and  in  Barley  there 
was  hardly  sufficient  doing  to  test  quotations. 

Dec.  2. — There  was  no  appreciable  change  in  the 
Wheat  or  flour  trades,  both  remaining  very  quiet  at 
nearly  nominal  rates.  Oats  were  firmer,  but  without 
sufficient  doing  to  establish  belter  prices. 

Average  prices  ot  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  28  : 
— Wheat,  30J.  9</.  ;  Barley,  29J.  ^d.  ;  Oats,  iSj.  71/, 
P"or  the  corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat,  30J.  $d. ; 
Barley,  31J.  3ii'.  ;  Oats,  lot.  4'^. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

CoLlJMBiA  (Fast  London)  :  Dec.  2. — Average  supplies 
of  Iruit,  vegetables,  and  Potatos,  with  a  fair  demand. 
Quotations  :— Apples,  2J.  6./.  to  6s.  and  Pears,  2;.  to  6s. 
per  bushel  ;  Cabbages,  2J.  6d.  to  45.  per  tally  ;  Savoys, 
3^.  6d.  to  8j.  do.  ;  bunch  greens,  3-t.  to  4J.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Carrots,  2s.  to  2J.  6d.  do.  ;  I'urnips,  3J.  to 
31.  6d.  do.  ;  Parsley,  ir.  to  is.  6d.  do.  ;  Ce'ery,  6s.  to 
los.  per  dozen  bundles  ;'  Beetroots,  31  to  y.  6d.  per 
dozen;  Cauliflowers,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  6d.  do.;  Brussels 
Sprouts,  2s.  to  2f.  6(/.  per  half  sieve  ;  Onions,  4'.  to  5.^. 
per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  in  sacks,  30J.  to  501.  per  ton  ;  whije 
Turnips,  40J.  to  60s.  do.  ;  Swede  do  ,  27J.  to  32.1.  do. 

Stratford:  Dec.  i.— During  the  p.ist  week  the 
market  has  been  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  produce, 
and  with  a  good  attendance  of  buyers,  trade  was  trans- 
acted at  the  following  prices  : — Cabbages,  2j.  6d.  to  8j. 
per  tally  ;  Savoys,  3.(.  to  js  6d.  do  ;  greens,  35.  to  3^.  6d. 
per  dozen  ;  Sprouts,  3^.  to  y.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  Mangels, 
I'/s.  to  21J.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  201  to  30^.  do.;  Turnips, 
40s.  to  7or.  do.;  Carrots,  catile  feeding,  38J.  to  40J.  do.; 
do.,  household,  40J.  to  50^.  do.;  Onions,  70.1.  to  looi. 
do. ;  do.  pickling,  jos.  do. ;  Parsnips,  lod.  lo  is.  per 
score  ;  Apples,  is.  ()d.  to  5^.  6</.  per  bushel  ;  Celery. 
Qs.  to  12s.  per  dozen  rolls  ;  Horse  Kadiih,  lod.  to  is.  per 
bundle  ;  Spinach.  2s.  per  sieve. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Dec.  i.— Supplies 
were  moderate,  and  best  samples  firm.  Quotations  :— 
Regents,  90J.  to  105J.  ;  Magnum  Bonunis,  yos.  to  gos.  ; 
Early  Roses,  70J.  to  901.  :  German,  60s.  to  yos.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  2.  —  Magnums, 
50J.  to  75J. ;  Regents.  6oj.  to  yos.  ;  Victorias,  55J.  10651.; 
Champions,  50;.  to  60s.  ;  Readmg  Heros.  6oj.  to  yos,  ; 
and  Bcauly  ot  Hebron,  70i.  to  8o.t.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  i.— Magnums,  50(.  togs/.;  Cham- 
pions, 50J.  to  60s.  ;  Regents,  601.  to  8oi.  per  ton. 

/mpor/s  —The  imports  inio  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  6821  bags  from  Hamburg,  2871  from  Ghent,  S75 
from  Harhngen,  5847  from  Stetlm,  28  from  Rotterdam. 


CATTLE. 

Mt:  IKOPULITAN  :  A'ov.  30.— Supplies  were  in  iome 
cases  larger,  but  not  the  proportion  of  really  j  rime 
qualities,  which  were  short.  About  2d.  per  8  lb.  n  d  ic- 
tion  was  rather  general  on  both  beasts  and  ihetp, 
excepting  for  quiie  top  qualny.  English  calves  were 
unalKrred  ;  I  ish  most  unbaleable.  No  improvenent  in 
tne  |)ig  trade.  Quotations  :— Beasts,  3s.  8d.  10  4J.  6^.,  and 
4r.  8,^  to  51.  4d.  ;  calves.  21.  to  4(.  Sd. ;  sheep,  41.  to 
4s.   4/..  and  4J.  8d.  to  5/.  6d  ;  pigs,  3/.  Sd.  to  41. 

Df,  .  3.— Trade  was  quiet  and  leatureless.  The  weatlier 
was  again  adverse  to  the  seller.  Supplies  were  not  large, 
but  were  snfficient.  Both  beasts  and  sheep  sold  slowly, 
at  barely  Monday  s  prices.     Calves  and  pigs  were  dull. 


HAY. 

Whitf.chapel  1  Dec.  1  —Supplies  were  short,  in 
consequence  of  the  wet  weather  jeiterday.  Trade  was 
dull,  without  change  in  prices.  Quotations  :— Clover, 
prime,  gos.  to  105J.  ;  inferior,  70J.  10  85J.  Hay,  prime, 
73s.  to  88j.  ;  interior  63J.  to  67s.  Straw,  28/.  to  37/.  per 
luad. 

Dec.  3. — A  moderate  supply  was  on  sale.  There  was 
rather  more  doing,  but  no  improvement  in  prices. 

SiKATFOKP  :  Dec.  i.— Hay.  60/.  to  90J.  ;  Clover,  755. 
t'j   I  los.  ;  and  straw.  28/.  to  361.  per  load. 


COALS. 

The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  for  the 
pabt  week  :  — Ravensworlh  West  Hartley,  14J.  9./. ;  Walls 
End— Harton,  15^.  6d.  and  i4.(.  6d. ;  Tyne  (unscreened). 
HJ.  sd  ;  Easington,  151.  6d.;  Hetto'n.  lys.  6d.  and 
165.  6d.;  Hetton  Lyons,  15^.  6^.;  Tunstall,  15/.  6d.; 
East  Hartlepool,  16s.:  South  Hartlepool,  15J.  6d.:  Tees, 
16..  6d.;  Lambton,  16s.;  Wear,  14s.  6d. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


Oovemment  Stock.— Consols  dosed  on  Monday 
at  100^  to  ioo|  for  both  delivery  and  the  account. 
Tuesday's  figures  were  99J  to  oog  xd.  for  delivery,  and 
99j|  to  99J  xd.  for  the  account.  The  closing  quotations 
on  Wednesday  were,  as  on  the  previous  day,  for 
delivery,  and  99^''^  to  99,'^-  xd.  for  the  account.— Thurs- 
day's final  figures  were  99^^^  to  99,'^  xd.  for  deUvery, 
i.nd  99-;^,,  to  99,*n  xd.  for  the  account. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO, 

(Limited) 

Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  Conservatories, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c  , 

,-it  t.xtrnnely  moderate  prices. 


Full  pniliculars  may  be  had  on  aoplication  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 

ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELH5ES-FERM  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLIStS  (t  CREEPERS-TRFLLISED  ARCADES 
—  ROSERIE3-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT  .  PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c. 

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULIUKAL    IRON  AND   WIRE    WORKS, 
Tbe  Fbeasantry,  Beaufort  Stieet,  Chelsea,  SW. 


R. 


of  which  they  ; 
painted  '1  hey 
together  and  lal 


CK,  readv  sla 
..iaL,a.d  car 

in  England;-       £: 


liBht  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p     ^j         I       3  to    o 
hght  frame,  12  feet  by  6  feet  ^f,  ,»     (       550 

light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  )  ^'"''  ""  (     10     o     o 


nd   puttied  i 
brick  p  ts  at  prop'itionately  low  prii 
R.HALLIDAYANnCO.,  Hoihoi 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middle' 


,  Manch-i 


ling  for 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHILL    ROW      LONDON.    E.C. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    and   CO     will    g 
every   dtsciipiion    of    HORl  ICULl  U  R  AL    WOKK    free  ol 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLE5'    NEW    ROCKWOKK    material    in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

I2t,  Biinhdl  Row,  and  35    Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illuslraled    1  isis  of   Wooden    Buildings,    Greenhouses,    and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paihs,  and  Stages, 


t  post 


appbc 


|j"^OR     SALE,    a    PEACH     RANGE, 

JL        'JO  feet  hv  1.'  feet  6  inthes,  and   it  feet  hi^h,  with  Fiuit 
Trees  '.nd   l-i,ini:.  in  lli-ee  compailmei  t-.      Aptlv, 

L.  P.  EDWARDS.  Crosby  Cmtt.  Noribaierlon. 


BOULTON    &    PAUL,      NORWICH. 

GREENHOUSES.    GARDEN    FRAMES. 


SPECIAL      PRICES 
on  afplicalUvi. 


LISTS     POST-FREE. 


TGLi^SSHOUSES&ttEATING: 


B-W-mOe-RftU^ST 


i^U,  BKADIORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.(<I> 


s 


Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 
TRONG     WELL-MADE      POTS 

for  the  above. 
Hyacinths  in  Fots. 

POTS  made  expressly  for  HYACINTHS 
can  be  supplied  by 
J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
PRICE    LIST    free. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  matetials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour no  Slugs 
take  up  little 
once  put  down, 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artifici.l  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  hnish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.  W  : 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES. 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES      also 

for    FOXLEV'S    P.\TENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illu.trated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconie-,  &c. , 
from  3i.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plaiu  o  i 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  ether  Siahle 

Paving  o(  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Ceracijt,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CC)  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

Ste  Addresses  above. 


s 


V     E     R  SAND, 

;  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


■  Truckload.  on  Whatf  in  London,  or  delivered  dir 
'its  to  any  Railway  Station.  Samplcj  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  a 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 
N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whaves- 


A  libei 


the  Trade, 


RoBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes  in  loo  and  200  ieet  boxes 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ot  16-08  glass  id 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Ola  ses,  and  all  Miscellaoeous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOEOE    FARMILOE     &     SONS. 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANT^. 

34.  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  Loudon,  E  C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  abpluation.      O  lore  '  homcte. 


ALL    AGREE 

THE     "RED     ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powfr'ul 

heating  Boiler  yet  inlrotduced. 

Awards:— 

liiternati  nal  E.vhibiinp,  London-Silver  Medal. 
No.thumhe.land  Ag- C"liural --liver  Med.l 
Newcastle.uDOn.T>i.e  Horticultural- Very  Hiehlv  fomraended. 
Ro>al  Caledonian,  Edinburgh — Unanimon:>lv  LunimenceJ. 


The  follfywing   Gentteinen^    Nurserj-iii  it.   anti    Hat  water 
Engineers  Imve  alrady  kindley  Itonoured  -with  tltrir  afifirecnt- 
iion  and  ccnUdttice  by  ordering  the  "  Rid  RO'e,"  several  of 
7i'h(fm  Itarie  alsi  foiwarded  most  -'a'uable  lesliiiiaiitafs  :  — 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esa  ,  Kimmel  Park,  Abergele,  N.W. 
R.  C.  CLECHAN,  Esq,    Biriley  White   Hou  c.   Chester-le- 

Slreet 
J.  JONAH  SMITH,  Fsi,..  Ash  Lodge,  Wat'.,rd   Herts. 
Rrv.  R.  D    SHAFTOE    The  Vicarage    Bransi  e  h 
EDWD.  WIILIAMS,  E-q  ,  Cleveland  I.ndge.  Middlesborough, 
■Ihe  TRUSIEES,  Weslcyan  Chafe',  Chestet-'c-Stre.t. 

On  account  of  ihe  great  success  achi.ved  at  the  Wesleian 
Chapel  the  Primitive  Methodists  hue  also  decided  tooidst  ine 
"  Red  Rose  "  for  their  new  chapel. 

Nurserymen  :— 
Messrs.  T.  HARKNESS  and  SON,  Leeming.  Yoikshire. 

„     JOHN   E.  KNIGHT.  Wolverhampton. 

„    JOHN  TURTLE.  Welling,  Kent. 

„     E.  HILLIERS,  Winchester. 

„    HUGH   MUNRO  and  .'•ON.  LamesUy,  Co  Durham. 

„    A.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Neworards,  Ireland. 

,,     F,  D.  POUSTIE.  Bridge  of  Allan.  N.B. 

,,     G.  KAIRBAIRN.  Botche.bv,  Carlisle. 

„    WILLIAM  HANDVSIDES,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

,,     E.  W    CANT  ELLO,  fandown,  Isle  ol  Wight. 

„     J.  B.  WALKER.  Tavist jck. 

For  particulars  apply 

JOSEPH    WITHERSPOON, 

RED    ROSE    VINERIES,    CHESfER-LE-STREET. 
P  S. — French  and  German  Patents  for  Sale. 


December  5,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


733 


SPECIAL       NOTICE. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY    2,    1886, 


WILL   CONTAIN    A    BEAUTIFULLY 


|# 


3  UB  K  '^ 

(18  inches    by    13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL       DESIGN. 


PRICE     FIVEPENCE  ;        POST-FREE,      FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY  ; 

OK  \vn  H 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED    ON    OAK    EOLLERS, 

READY   TO    RE   HUNG    Ul',    AND    ENCLOSED    IN   CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 
TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

The    Publisher    cannot    be    responsible  for    injury    to    the    Almanac    unless    it    is    so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS. 

As   a    large   Extra    Sale   of  this   Ntimber   is  guaranteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  Jiiedium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOE,    SPACE    SHOULD    BE    SENT    IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE. 


W.    EIOHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


734 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  5,  1885, 


THE  GARDENERS;^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Late  char^e'i  '«  t^vo. 


4  Lines. ../o 

-> 

0 

15  L 

nes...£o     S 

S 

,    ...  0 

S 

6 

16 

„     ...    0     9 

6 

,    ...  0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ...    0     9 

7 

,    ...  0 

4 

6 

18 

„     ...    0   10 

R 

,    ...  0 

S 

0 

19 

„     ...    0    10 

9 

,    ...   0 

S 

6 

20 

„     ...    0    II 

10 

,    ...  0 

6 

0 

21 

„     ...    0    II 

11 

,    ...   0 

6 

6 

22 

„     ...    0    12 

12 

,    ...   0 

7 

0 

23 

„     ...    0    12 

1» 

,    ...    0 

7 

6 

24 

„     ...    0    13 

14 

,    ...    0 

S 

0 

25 

„     ...    0    13 

II 

et  across  colunu 

IS,    tht 

lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

P-ige 

... 

f.9    0     0 

Half  Pag 

« 

500 

Column 

350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS 

26  words  li-  6^.,  and  dd,   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cau  oned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offi  cs  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autJwrities  atid 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  51.  each  insertion 

Advertisements  for  the  current   week   must  rea^h  the  Offi  e 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  in  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £,\  3s,  lOd 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  :    3  Months,  68, 

Foreign  (excepting    India   and    China) :    incIudinE    Postage, 

£1  6a.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d 

Post-office   Orders  to  be   made  payable   at    DRURY  LANE 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preservine  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
{Registered  Trade  AT  ark.) 


This  VARNISH  is  an  exc^ll^nt  sub  tilute  for  oil  piint  on 
sdl  outdoor  woik  while  it  is  fuliy  two-thirdb  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers  and 
its  genuine  good  quality  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labcurer  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning  and  is  u-^ed  cold  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Caslle  Kew  Gardens,  ard  at  the  seats  of  miny 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  ^o  gallons  each  at  u  Cd  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory  or  u  Zd  per  gallon  carriage  paid  lo  ajiy 
Station  m  the  Kingdom. 

Unsolicitbd  Testimonial. 

'*  Piercefield  Park,  Jnne  21,  1876.— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Paik.  Chepstow.— I  am.  Sirs,  yours  re- 
ipeafully,  Wm,  Cox  " 

CA  UTJON.~Hii.\.  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwaids  of  thirty  years; 
and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it.  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  lo 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbauk 
Street,  Glasgow. 

E    ~P      P      S   '   S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

(IRISJI  ami  SCOTCH). 
"  Jury  "  Whiskey,  5  years  old,  35.  td.  bottle  ;  421.  dozen. 
"  Special  Jury"  Whiskey,  7  years  old.  4J.  bottle  ;  48r.  dozen. 
"Grand  Jury"  Whiskey  J  '3  y"''^o|d,  5^-  bottle;  605.  doz. 
'  (  20  years  old,  6.r.  bottle  ;  72J.  doz. 
So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  ihe  excellence  of  his  Whiskeys  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  samf  le  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  part  of  the  United  Kingdom  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 


PRUNING  MADE  SAFE  AND  EASY. 


\z    feet. 


pose  that  has  yet  bee 
—  Gardeners'  Chton 

Lengths    from    2 
Prices  from  4s.  6d.  to  10s.  td. 

SAWS  for  cutting  large 
branches;  will  fit  all  our  Pruner?;. 
Prices— Curved.  i,s  ;  straight,  us. 
These  and  extra  KNIVES  (i5. 
to  li,  6ii.)  post-free.  Patent 
Solid  Steel  PRUNING  HOOKS 
and  BILLS  ;  also  TROWELS. 
FORKS.  RAKES,  and  HOES, 
in  active  progress,  and  will  be 
strongest  and  cheapest  ever  sold. 

Price  Lists  of  the  STAN- 
DARD   MANUFACTURING 


CO.. 


Palei 


and     Ge; 


Machinists.  Strand  Arcade, 

by  ;    and  Sold  by  the   Principal 

Ironmongers  and  Seedsmen. 


^^^    *  GIRDWo'oD's"'^  ^^^ 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

c  /est  and  most  wonderful 

DISCOVERY. 
Cures  perfectly,  without 
edicine,  all  such  diseases 
Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Jugh,  Influenza,  Hay- 
:\er,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

2s.  3d.  per  box, 

th  full  directions  for  use. 

Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 

Medicine   Vendors, 

cannot  readily  be  obtained), 
upon  receipt  of  remittance, 
to  any  part  of  the  world, 
from  the  wholesale  depcit. 
Address— 

JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 

.Patentee,  and  Sole 


Pali 


Ma 


BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.    465S) 
"  LUD<'.ATE"  WATCH,  has   obtained  the   Highest 

Award  of  a  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  ExMbltlon,  1886 
SILVER  '/laisV:  GOLD, 

£5  5s.   /     ?#^:£12  12s. 


The  "Ladgate  Watch 


r  EVGLISH  Lever, 


"Special  Strength"  Three  quarter  Plate  Movement. 

Jeiveilcd  tUroitghout  in  rubies  — true  Chronometer  bilance — 
adjusted  for  extremes  zvith  damp  and  dust-proof  patent 
ring-b.tnd.  and  extended  barrel — massive  sterling  stiver  dome 
cases  with  crystal  glaSS  front,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  conveiiience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
Winds,  set  Stands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the  "Ludgate"  Watch  to  Swiss  and  American  imade 

in  imitation  of  .-ind  i^old  as  English)  and  to  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (stiil  sold  by  other  makers),  from  ihe  great  defects 
of  which  the  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt— is  proved  by  the  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MEDAL— ;/i^  only  one  adjudgtd  to  English  U'atches. 

Tlie  ''Ludgate"  ts  of  better  quality  and  vatiie  thati  any 
£,xo  ivatch  hitherto  made.  TJte  "'Ludgate  "  is  my  best  London 
make — strong,  /landsomey  and  reliable — ivill  stand  tfte  fiardest 
ivear  and  roug/ust  it^age.  and  is  tlure/ore  the  -best  ivatch  for 
Home,  Indian  and  Colonial  wear  by  Gardeners  (No.  i,  large 
size),  ll'orkmen,  and  Artisans  (No.  2,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
Offi.cers  and  Men  in  H.M.  services.  Youths'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
small),  tutll  be  sent, free  and  safe  at  my  risk,  to  all  parts  of  the 
ivorld.  far  £5  63-.  or  in  18-Carat  gOld,  crystal  glass  cases. 

Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size). 

A  remittance  by  P.O  O..  Draft,  or  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 

SPECIALLY  NOTE  that  J.  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  ThreeQuatter  Plate  English  Watch  for  li  55.  in  Silver, 
or  li2  I2J.  m  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  *'  Ludgate  "  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdom.  Any  infringement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk  ex- 
plaining the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Kull-plale 
English  Watches  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to   Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64,  Ludgate  Hill,  EC.  : 
And  25,  Old  Bond  street,  W.,  London. 

Consequent  upon  the  award  of  the  Gold  Medal,  the  demand. 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  Orders  for 

the  "Ludgate"  Watch  without  delay. 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  £2  to  ;^ 500,  Gold  and 
SUver  Jewellery,  Clocks  (House,  Chime,  and  Turret),  Electro- 
plate and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "  Easy  Tip," 

No.  14,  Japanned,  i8j.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  21J.  ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  26i. 

Barrows  forwarded.  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BBIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAM. 

THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 
HOT-WATER   APPARATUS. 


Price, 


pipe 


Delivered  free  to  any  station.     Discount  for  c 

This  is  the  simplest,  cheapest,  and  most  powerful  apparatus 
made.  It  requires  no  brick  setting,  no  stokehole,  and  no  hot- 
water  fitter  for  fixing.  The  Boiler  stands  in  the  Greenhouse, 
the  front  only  being  outside  and  flush  with  the  outer  wall,  so 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  itself  is  utilised. 

It  burns  over  12  hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 

"Loughborough"  Boilers  to  heat  up  lo  650  feet  of  4-inch 
pipe,  with  hot-water  pipe,  joints.  &c.,  always  in  stock. 
Cost  of  Apparatus  COMPLETE  for  Greenhouses  as  below  :— 
ioby6ft.,i;4  14  o  I  i5by9fc.,;C5  10  8  I  35  by  12  ft.,  £.6  16  8 
12  by  8  ft.,  5  I  o|  2obyioft.,  6  o  o  I  43  by  16  ft..  la  12  4 
Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.  Estimates  on  application. 
The  measurement  of  Greenhouse  being  given,  every  apparatus 
is  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing. 
Illustrated  List,  ivithfull  particulars,  post  free. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers, 

^S^r^e^l'^""!  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


RIPPINGILLES    PATENT    PRIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE   Warming   STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  Stove  made. 

Awarded  the  highest  premium  over 
all  competitors  wheiever  exhibited. 
The  cheapest  and  most  effective 
means  known  for  warming  small 
Grteiihou^es,  and  keeping  out  trost 
and  damp.  They  burn  absolutely 
without  smoke  or  smell,  require  no 
pipes  01  fittings,  give  off  no  injurious 
vapour  to  either  vegetable  or  animal 
life,  will  burn  twelve  to  twenty  hours 
without  attention,  are  so  portable 
they  can  be  moved  from  one  place 
to  another  while  burning,  and  for 
efficiency  and  economy  can  be  highly 
recommended.  Prices  from  a  few 
shillings.  Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 
and  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
upon  the  stove  before  you  purchase. 
Full  Illustrated  LIST  and  name  and 
address  of  nearest  agent  forwarded 
free  on  application  to  the  sole  manu- 
facturers 


THE     ALBION     LAMP     COMPANY, 

ASTON  ROAD.    BIRMINGHAM. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenliouses,  Bedrooms,  &c- 
Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
id,,    without    attention.       Pamphlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's— 

THOMAS    BOBERTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street*  Westminster,  S.W. 


106,000  Accidents, 

For  which  Two  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds,  j^zfio.ooo ;  Premium  Income,  JC235.000. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
the  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


December  5,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


735 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  \\d.  per  foot,  in 
bnxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservalories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-FOIbONOUS  PAINT  for  Gieenhouses,  bd. 
pet  lb.,  or  42J.  ret  c«»t.-B.  LAMB  AND  CO..  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint  and  Varnish  Meichai.ts,  Builders,  and  DccoratOJS,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  IJucknall  Stieet.  London,  W.C. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  .A  monthly  hotlicuttural  work,  with  supeib  Coloured 
Plate55  and  Illustrations.  Published  sinoe  1865,  by  F.  Bi'KtK- 
.M.  11,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Him.lk, 
I'rolessors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  10.T.  per  annuin. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Fatms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a   Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  SL\  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
si.K  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  '^ MidUituiCouniies 
titrald  (.iffice.  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Coiiitlies  H,r„Ul 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  adverlisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  ReMdences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticiiltur.il 
Review) — i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepm, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JonakindtConinck,  J.  Kick.v,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H,  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  I.  van  Hulle,  J.  v.an  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veltch,  A.  West- 
m.iel,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

■J  his  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  Tst  ot  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

lerms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
I4f. .  payable  in  advance. 

P.ihhshing  Office  ;  134,  Rue  de  Eruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-oSce  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  .■— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 


RECORD  otRACES.  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKtT  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  and  engraved 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 


THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  FLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia.  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  3  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  f^d.  ;  Stan-ped,  7./. 
Publishing  Ofiice— Hunter  Street.  Sydney,  New  South  Wa 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAILt- 

LoNDON    Messrs.  Geo.  Streets  Co..  30,  CornhiH,E.C 

Mr.   F.   Algar,   8,  Clement's  Lane,    Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.   Ciordon  &  Gotch,  St.    Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchester..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 
Edinburgh..  ..  Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^g"  Copies  of  each  yournal  are  Jilea  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


Just  Published  for  1886. 

FRANCIS  MOORE'S  ALMANAC, 
besides  the  usual  Calendar,  contains  a  full  account  of 
the  Eclipses  and  Astronomical  Phenomena  of  the  Year,  Lists  of 
the  Members  of  the  Government,  New  Constituencies,  Bankers, 
Public  Offices  and  Insti.ulions,  a  List  of  the  Principal  Business 
Fairs  throughout  England  and  Wales,  Postal  and  other  Uaefal 
information.  Price  6,/. 

Published  by  the  STATIONERS'  COMPANY,  Stationers' 
Hall,  Ludgate  Hill.  London,  E.C. 


w 


Coi 


ANTED,     a    good    WORKING 

GARDENEK,  who  understands  Vinery.  Must  have 
t-rate  character  from  last  employer.  Wages  201.  per  week, 
h  lodge.— Address,  with  full  particulars,  to  A  D  ,  City 
aservative  Club,  Georee  Yard.  Ijjinbard  Street,  E.C. 


WANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER, 
for  Surrey,  where  four  are  kejit. — No  childrer.  Wife 
as  Laundry  and  Dairy-maid,  with  a^Sl^t3nt.  Joint  wages,  30J., 
coals,  and  cottage. —Apply,  stating  where  last  employed,  and 
why  leaving,  to  C.  MacBean  &  Son,  Devoiiihirc  Street, 
Poriland  Piace.  VV.  _^___^_^^^^_ 

Wanted",  as  under  gardenek,  a 
singt?  Man  tnow  \a  habit  of  Milking  CowsJ.  to  attend 
to  Two  Cows  and  Poultry,  to  Help  m  the  House,  fill  up  his 
time  under  Fortman  in  Garden  and  Houses.  Four  in  bothy  on 
the  premises.  Wages  iis.,  including  gas.  filing,  milk,  and 
vcgeubles  when  convenient. — Apply  by  Ittter,  giving  full 
particulars  of  last  place,  to  T.  CHRIS  TY,  Malvern  House, 
Sydenham,  S.E. 

WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 
p-actical  FOKEMAN.  who  thoroughly  understands 
Mailcet  (jarden  and  General  Nursery  Woik.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  references  required  — Apply  in  the  lirst  inslance.  stat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  and  full  oarticulars.  to  W  J.  S., 
Me-srs.  Hurst  &  Son.  Seed  Merchants',  152,  Hound^dllch    E. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  to  serve  in  a 
Seed  and  Florist  Business  -Aooly.  stating  full  par- 
ticubrs  and  wages  required,  to  FR.\NK  HILLIEK,  8,  Maiket 
Street,  Cambridge. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by. Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
tilled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  matte  payable 
lit  a  particular  office,  atid  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. —  The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  '"  Poste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forv/arded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

B.  LAIRD  and  SONS  (Successors  to  the 

•  late  Fum  of  Downie  &  Laird)  can  at  present  recom- 
mend wi'h  every  confidence  several  first-rate  SCO  ICH  GAR- 
DENERS, whose  character  and  abililies  may  be  thoroughly  de- 
pended upon,  either  for  Large  Establishmentsor  Single-handed 
Situations:  also  FORE.MEN,  UNDKR  GARDEN  ERS,  and 
FARM    HAIl.lFF.S,  — ,7.   Fredenck  Street.  Edinbiireh. 

To  Noblemeu  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
SIEWARD.S,   BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  shou  d  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holborn.  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMI 
beg  to  announce  that  they 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seek 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any 
particulars.  &c.-St.  John's  Nutseiie 


T  H 

AND      1 

are    cc 

nstantly    rec 

Lady  0 

s.  Wore 

c  o. 


'■pO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  t&c— A. 

i-      MclNrVRE  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and    Flanting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  l.istria  Faik.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


UCOTCH         GARDENERS. 

O  —John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  piesent  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiting  a  trustworlhy  and  competent  Gardener. 

ARDENERr(HEAD).^Age    39,    single^; 

experienced    in    Gardening    in    general.      Good    testi- 
monials.-A.  Z..  27,  Carlisle  Place,  London,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age^~  ma"'ed  ~, 
several  y«>ars'  thoiough  character,  private  and  the  trade, 
and  fotmerlv  Foieman  (Genera-)  at  H.irefield  Grove  Gardens. 
Wages  35.t.  — W.  R.  RAVEN  H  I  LL,  i- 1,  Chaucer  Road,  Acton.W. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  married.  —  Lord 
Wantage,  Lockinge  Paik,  Wantage,  Berks,  can 
strongly  recommend  L.  Day  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  practical  man  as  above.  — For  par- 
ticulars, &c.,  apply  to  Lord  WENTAGE. 


GARDENER  (Head);  to  Noblemen  and 
Gentlemen  requiring  a  practical  man.  —  1  hDrouehly 
experienced  in  each  branch  of  the  profession.  Three  years 
Foreman  in  present  situation  Can  he  highly  recommended 
from  the  same.-F.  CLAl  WORTHY,  The  Gardens.  RufiToid 
Abbey,  Ollerton,  Notts. 


GARDENER  (Head).— George  Smith,  for 
fifteen  years  Head  Gardener  to  Joho  R>Und>,  E^n.. 
Longford  Hall.  Sueiford,  near  Manchester,  is  open  to  treat 
with  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  who  may  be  requiring  the 
services  of  a  qualified  Gardener.  First-class  reterences. — 
Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
others  are  kept.— A  Gbntleman  wi,hes  to  recommend 
his  Gardener  as  above.  Has  had  good  experience.— ALDER 
Clarence  Lodge,  Dulwich  Road,  Heme  Hill,  S  E. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  there 

is  Forcing  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  Mushrooms,  and  Kitchen 
and  Flower  Gardens. — Understands  disposal  of  surplus  Fruits, 
Flowers,  and  Land  and  Stock.  Ground  Work,  Planting.  &c. 
Ahstainer.-H.  H  ,  st,  Upper  Park  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (HEAD  WORK7NG)7or  GAR~- 
DENER  and  BAILIFF.-Age  46,  mairied.  no  encum 
brance  ;  successful  Grower  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Straw- 
berries, Mubhrooms.  Good  character.— W.  GARDENER, 
S2,  Gloucester  Place,  Cheltenham. 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  the^Houses^ 
age  20.— Mr.  Mitchell,  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  Geo. 
Elliot,  Bart,,  MP.,  Aberdare,  can  wilh  confidence  recommend 
Robert  Ihomas  — ."Vpply  as  above. 

ARDENER    (Under),  or    where    two   or 

more  are  kept. — Age  20  :  six  and  a  half  years'  experi- 
Good  character.— J.  C.  COOK,  Lower  Ashtead,  Surrey 


G 


Epsi 


Tj^OREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 

-L  25  ;  experienced  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended by  present  and  previous  employers.  Two  years*  Fore- 
man in  present  situation.— E.  J.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Calde 
cote  Hall,  Nuneaton,  Warwickshire. 

FOREMAN,  Outside.— Married,  well  up  in 
Fruit.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
and  Mushrooms.  Wife  manage  Dairy  if  required.  First-class 
leferences  —A.  B.,  Crowe  Collage,  Ringwood.  Hants. 

ATURSEKY      FOREMAN,      PLANT 

-L^  GROWER, and  PROPAGATORof  Softwooded  Plants, 
&c.— Well  experienced  in  Wreath  Making,  of  good  address  and 
highest  character;  can  Manage  a  Small  Nursery.— J.  C, 
Elccmbe  &  Son,  Romsey. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.^^ge  25, 

J-  married  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  Hydrangeas,  Fuchsias, 
Solanums,  Genistas,  Pelargoniums,  Eouvardias,  Bedding  Stuflf. 
Packing,  &c.  Can  act  as  Salesman.— LAMBERT,  »,  Cole's 
Avenue.   Lower    Edmonton,  London. 

OSE    GROWER,    BUDDER,   and 

GRAFTER  under  Glass.-Experienced.  Good  refer- 
ences  from  present  and  past  employers.  No  objection  to  go  to 
Frarce  or  United  Siates.—A.  B.  C,  Coflfee  Tavern,  Kingston- 
on-Tnames. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment.— Age  22  ;  good  character  Bothy  pre- 
ferred.-F.  TRUST,  The  Gardens,  Brownsea  Island,  Poole. 
Dorset. 

JOURNEYMAN.  —  Married,     with    family. 

^  Has  had  fifieen  years'  experience  in  Budding  and  Grafting 
r, .-, i.  Conifers,  Fruit  and  other  Trees  :  Packing  and 

3.rMe![ 
Hants 

TOURNEYMAN.'^r  ImI^ROVER,    in     a 

^  Gentleman's  Garden. — Age  i8  ;  five  years'  experience. 
Would  not  object  to  pay  a  small  Premium.— C.  W.,  22,  Glou- 
cester  Place,  Cheltenham. 

O  THE   SEED  TRADE.-A  young   man 

(age  23)  requires  a  situation  in  the  Seed  Trade.  Four 
years'  experience  in  first-class  firms.  Has  been  twelve  months 
in  England,  at  John  Laing  &  Co  's.  with  whom  he  is  at  present. 
Good  referenc.s.-E.  ROMAIN,  9.  Lower  Winchester  Road. 
Catford.  London.  S.E. 


M 

\NAGER 

or    SHOPMAN. 

-  Ma 

rried  ; 

fi'teen  yesrs 

practical  experie 

nee  in  the 

Whole 

T.ade.        F 

rstclass    referenc 

es.  —  B. 

r..  G.i 

rden,  ,>■ 

Chron 

cU  Office.  41, 

Wellington  Stree 

t,  Stiand 

W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— 
Twenty-six  years'  experience  in  first-class  houses,  accus- 
tomed to  a  brisk  Counter  Trade,  familiar  with  every  detail  of 
business  routine,  efficient  Correspondent,  conversant  with 
Plants.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  former  emuloyers.— H  , 
iSo,  Lambeih  Road,  London,  S.E. 


s 


HOPMAN.— 14 years'  experience  in  Whole- 
sale and  Retail  '1  rade.  First-class  references.— S.  A. 
&  Son,  152.  Houndiditch,  E. 


SHOPMAN.— Age  27  ;  good  knowledge  of 
the  Tr.ide  in  all  its  branches.  Understands  Book-keep- 
ioE.  Firsl-class  relerences  -T.  S..  Gardeiim'  Chnnklt 
Office.  41.  We  linglon  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

(OHOPMAN     (Assistant).  —  Advertiser    is 

O  cpsn  for  engagement.  Has  had  eight  years'  practica 
experitnce  in  all  branches  of  the  Trade;  principally  Retail. 
Unexceptional  references.— N.  R  ,  Cardenen' Chronicle  Ofiice. 
4t,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


Cure  Of  Cough  and  Inflamed  Lungs  by 

DR.  LOCOCK'S  PULMONIC  WAFERS.— 
Extract  of  letter  from  Mr.  Lfith.  Harhur  Mailer, 
Scrahster,  '/'//Mrri; :— "  The  two  first  boxes  I  got  gave  me  im- 
mediate and  great  relief.  I  have  had  a  coughfor  over  two  years, 
brought  on  by  repeated  attacks  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs." 
They  instantly  relieve  and  rapidly  cure  Asihma,  Consumption, 
Bronchitis.  Coughs,  Colds,  Shortness  of  Breath,  Phlegm,  Pains 
in  the  Chest,  Rheumatism,  and  taste  pleasantly. 

Sold  at  IS.  i%d.  and  2j.  9/.  per  Box,  ol  all  Druggists. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTand  PILLS.— 
These  remedies  are  unequalled  throughout  the  World 
for  Bad  Legs.  Wounds,  Foul  Sores,  Bad  Breasts,  and  Ulcers. 
Used  according  to  directions  given  with  them  there  is  no 
Wound.  Bad  Leg.  or  Ulcerous  Sore,  however  obstinate  or  long 
standing,  but  will  yield  to  their  healing  aud  curative  properties. 
Many  poor  sufi'erers  who  have  been  patients  in  the  large  hos- 
pitals under  the  care  of  eminent  surgeons,  and  have  derived 
little  or  no  benefit  (rom  their  treatment,  have  been  thoroughly 
cured  by  Holloway's  Ointment  and  Pills.  For  Glandular 
Swellings,  Tumours,  Piles,  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  there  is 
nothing  that  can  be  used  with  so  much  benefit.  In  fact,  in  the 
worst  forms  of  disease,  dependent  upon  the  condition  of  the 
blood,  these  Medicines,  used  conjointly,  are  irresistible. 


736 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  s,  1885. 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated. 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  compiitilion. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  whlcli  no  charge  Is  made,  before 
placing  tbelr  orders  elsewhere. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


Rhhly  lilustraled  Catalogue,  containing  ever  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  Gj'c,  recently  erected  by  M.  £r*  Co,,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOEOUGH. 


t: 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON.  MANCHESTER. 

vineries.  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &o.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  ulility,  economy,  and  durabiluy  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  THE  very  bfst. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

PlatiS,  Estimates  and  Catalo^^ies  tree.     Cuitomgrs  "waited  on  in  any  part  of  thi  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIAL!!. 

HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  «sc 


-WATER 

HARNESS 


APPARATUS  for  WARMINCi  CHURCHES.   SCHOOLS.  PUBUC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3jd. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41.  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


London,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Gardei  . 
Printed  by  wl^ur.fRtCHARD5,  at  ?he  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradburv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefnars,  C.ty  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
the  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.- 
Agcnt  for  ManchKter— John  Hsywood.  AEcats  for  Scotland— Messi 


.  J.  Me 


City  I 

■,  December  ,. 

lES  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


establisjbeti  1841. 


No.  624.— Vol.  XXIV, {series.}    SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  12,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  )       "Pt^Mo  KH 
Post^ffice  as  a  Newspaper.  LofJl'!.  °'*-,  . 
WiTH      SUPPLEMENT,    j  t^OST-FREE,    5t<f. 


CONTENTS. 

Apiary       750  '  Obliuary  :— 

Apple  and  Pear  Congress,  I      Ay  son,  Mr.       ..  ..  762 

Edinburgh        ..         ..  753    Odentoglossum,  thegenus  748 

Berry-bearing  plants,  or-  |  Orchids  for  amateurs     ,,  750 

menial    ..  ..         ..  747  |  Orchid-hou.';e        ..  ..  755 

Bomareas  at  Kew  ..  746  1  Palms,  garden      ..  ..  74S 

Books,  notices  of:—  'Peat  753 

Bible       Flowers      and  .  Plants  and  their  culture  751 

Flower  Lore  .  ..  754         „     new,  certificated   ..  7'f4 

Flowering    Plants    and  Planting 752 

Ferns  of  the   Riviera  ,  Potatos.    artificially     co- 

and        Neighbouring  '      loured     ..  ..         ..  759 

Mountains     ..         ..  754     Potato,    introduction     of 

Plants  of  the  Bible     ..  754         the,  into  Germany      ..  753 

Studies  of  Plant  Life  in  Prun  ng     and      pbntine 

Canadi,  &c 754  1      fruit  trees  ..  758 

Botany,  the  study  of     ..  7^3     Saccolabium      giganleiim 

Bromeliads  of  Chili,    the  Peiotianum       ..  ..  74^> 

g'ant 747  I  Societies  :-- 

ChaiiiKcIadon  metallicum  750  '      Sc  itish     Horticultural 

Kanhing  lip  Potatos      . .  757  :  Association    . ,  , .  75^ 

Florists- flowers  ..  ..  760'       Mns.sachusetts      Horti- 

Flower  garden,  the        ..  750'  cultural  .,  ..  760 

Forests  and  moisture     . .  753  ■       National     Chrj'santhe- 

Fruil.  disc'ises  of  .,  755  '  mum ifo 

Fruits  under  glass  ..  751  i       Roy^I  Horticultural   ..  750 

Cray.  Dr.  Asa      ..  ..  752!       Smithfield  Club  ..  760 

Grinding  machine,  a     .  748  I  Stu%'e  plants  in  wmter   ..  7f-:> 

Herltiera  inacrophylla  ..  75;^  1  Styraxjaponicum  ..  74=; 

'Hnnoursto horticulture..  758     Trading,  non-rated         ..  75S 

Kitchen  garden,  the       ,.  751  ,  Trepho  ..  ..  75J 

Longfurd  Hall,  Stretford  75S  ■  Transpiration    under   the 

Longleat 743  I       different    rays     of    the 

Market  gardening  ..  7011       solar  spectrum. .  ..  752 

Narcssas,    a   proliferous  745  I  Useful  plant;        ..  ..  757 

Nepenthes  ,.  ..  746'  Weather,  the        ..         ..  762 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Chamxcladon  metallicum                      ..         ..          ..          ..  7415 

Mucor  Mucedo 756 

„     stolonifer      .,         ..          ..          .,         .,          ,.         ,.  756 

Odontoglossum  Ruclcerianum  insigne            748 

Sharpeners  for  reaping  and  mowing  machines         ..          ..  749 

Styrax  japonicuni..  ..  ..745 

*,*  OUR  ALMANAC  FOR  i?,Z6.—Secretaries 
'  of  Provincial  and  Metropolitan  Horticul- 
tural Societies  a>e  invited  to  send  us,  as 
soon  as  possible,  the  Dates  of  their  Meetings 
and  Exhibitions  durini;  the  ensuing  year,  so 
as  to  ensure  their  imertion. 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondnnts,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress/or Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 

NO TICE To  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 
DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready.  In  clotb,  163. 
"THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

I       Volume  XXIU,,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1885. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellinjton  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

"THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

■*■  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  S6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Aeent  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT,  8i«.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia.  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  he  sent. 


PORTSMOUTH       CHRYSANTHEMUM, 
KRUir  and  FLOWER  SHOW. 

The  Committee  have  decided  to  hold  the  next  Show  on 
THURSDAY  and  FRIDAV,  November  ti  aid  12  iS86  li 
addiiion  to  nearly  ONE  HUN  DRED  POUNDS  in  MONEY 
PRlZES.it  is  proposed  to  cfTer  for  competing  a  SILVER 
CUP,  value  j£25,  for  Thirty-six  Cut  Blooms. 

F.  POWER,  Hon.  Sec. 

NATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
The  GPAND  EXHIBITION  for  1S86  will  be  held  at  the 
Royal    Aquaiium.     Weslminsltr,     on     WEDNESDAY    and 
THURSDAY.  November  .0  and    ii.     Particulars  and    appli- 
"''°''^'°  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 

Kramoton  Park  Nursery,  II..ckiiev.  E. 

Tne  Pear  Coagress. 
"pAUL  AND   SON    have    Fruiting    Espalier 

-f-  _    Trees  of  most  of  the  finest  sorts  shown,  and  of  many  ol 


c 


AULIFLOWER 

(Early  London  s        _ 
CHAS.  STEEL,   Grower,  New  F 


PLANTS    for    SALE 

"      price,  apply 

Kalmg,  W. 


CedTus  Deodara. 

HLANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 
•  in  the  country— fine,  veil-grown  Trees,  with  good 
roots,  fiom  3  to  12  fett  and  upwards,  to  cflfer  cheap.  CATA. 
LOGUK  free.' ' 

The  Nurseiies.  Be.lhamsteaJ,  Herts. 


PALM    (LATANIA  BORBONICA),  10  feet 
high  by  12  feet  across,  in  good  health,  for  sale.— Particulars 
from  HENRY  GARNETT,  Bystock Gardens,  Exmouth.  Devon. 

100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  263. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  fl.iwers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  liee. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

p  U  T     LILIES    of   the   Va  L  L  E  Y, 

V7  and    MAIDENHAIR      FERN. 

Regular  supjiies  dailv. 
T.   JiNNOCH,    Lily  of  the  Valley  Nursery.  Dsrsintham, 

TELEGRAMS  —  ■'  JANNOCH,  DERSINGHAM.' 

C^  H  R  Y  S  A  N  T  H  E  M  U  M  S.— Five  hundred 
vjtieiles,  including  ih?  best  ol  the  Exhibition.  Decora- 
tive, Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strung  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  is.  6J.  per  dozen.  loi  per  ico  ; 
Plants,  2J.  6d  per  dozen,  its  per  too  ;  ready,  end  of  December 
Many  of  the  best  grojvers  in  the  country  ate  supptied  from  this 
collection.     For  the  grand  ne*  sorts,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 


WM.  ETHERINGTON.  Manor  Ho 


,e,  Siv 


nbe.  Ke 


"VE    NARCISSUS  or   DAFFODIL;" 

.L     containing  its  History.  Poetry,  and  Culture,  with  Notes 
on  Hybridisation,  and  Illustrated  with  many  Woodcuts.  Price  if. 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Coverit  Garden,  W  C. 

Nnnptiasa  alba  rosea  ! 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer    strong    i.year   Seedlings    of    this   beautilul 
Hardy  Rose  coloured  WATER-LI  LY.     Price  on  application. 
Dedemsvaart,  near  2woile,  Netherlands. 

Two  Hundred  and  Fifty  Thousand 

LILY   of    the  VALLEY     ROOTS, 
for  early  forcing,  strong,  will  bloom  very  weU. 
26  marks  per  looo.  inclusive  of  packing. 
F.  W.   KRAUSE,   Lily  of  the  Valley  Grower,   Neusalz  on 
iheOIer,  Germany. 

L  ILIUM  AURATUM.— Good,  plump,  sound 
Bulbs,    6s,   9.1.,    i2r.,    i8f.,  and  241.  per  dozen;    extra 
strong,  30J.  and  42*.  per  dozen.      All  other  good  LILIES  at 

Mr.   WILLIAM  BULL'S   Esiablishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  5  A  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.  W. 


ONOWDROP  BULBS. 

O  Special  low  offer  on 

WATKINS  AND    SIMPSON,  S 
Exeter  Street.  Strand,  W  C. 


ngle. 


-Double   or  Si 

application. 

:edj  and   Bulb  Merchants, 


LAXTON'S    NEW   FRUITS   and   VEGE- 
TABLES.-Eighi  Firstclass  Certificates  in  186;.     Send 
for  particulars  of  New  Peas,  Beans,  Potatos,  'Tomatos,  Apples, 
Strawberries,  and  other  good  Novelties  to 
THOMAS  LAXTON.  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower.  B^dlcrd. 


HAMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH   VINES. -Extra  strong    Fruiting   Canes  of 
the  above  and  ail  other  leading  varieties  at  greatly  reduced 

T.  JACKSON  AND  fON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on.Thatnes, 
and  Roval  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 


w 


M.     PERRY,    Jun,    Smithfield    Market, 

■     prepared  to   RECEIVE  Cf)NS!ON- 


MENTi  ot   GRAPES 
FLOWERS.  &c     Accoun 
Sale.     Banker.' and  Trade 


eferei 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  i;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C.  are  opjn  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers' and  good  Trade  references.     All  Consignments  to  be 


addressed  s 


Bo 


,  Baskets,  and  Labels 


SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
North  Row,  CoventGarden,  London,  W.C,  REQU I  RE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

Q  Q  U  E  L  C  H        AND         b'aIi  N  H  A  M, 

k^      giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


B  A  R  N  H  A  M. 

daily,  and 


SQUELCH         AND 
ACCOUNT  SALES  s. 
CHEQUES  lorwa-ded  weeklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplred. 

WANTED,    Trade    offers   of   extra   strong 
FRUIT  TREES,  for  early  beating,  viz  .  Plums,  Pears, 
Apples,  &c.— T.  N.  DRIFFIELD,  Brafferton.  York. 


F 


OR    S  A  L  E,   a   Large  CAMELLIA, 

ALB^  PLENA,  6  by  6  feet,  full  of  bud. 
D.  WILLIAMS  AND  SON,  Florists.  Macclesfield. 

A  ZALEA.— White,  extra   fine  bushy  plants, 

-^^     many  3  feet  high,    grand   for  cut   bloom,    full  of  buds. 

To  be  sold  cheap.     Lease  expiring  at  Christmas. 

GEORGE  NICHOLLS,  South  Place.  Kenningtoo  Park.  S.E. 

Quicks— WMtethom-  Qalchs. 
VyOOD  AND  INGRAM    have  an  extensive 

'»        stockof  the  above,  2.yr.  transplanted,   which  they  beg 
to  offer,  at  i6r.  per  icoo      Sample  on  application. 

The  Nurseries  Huniin;don.  N.  B.  Cash  or  reference. 

To  the  Trade 
VyAITE,  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 

»  »       General  CATALOGUE  ro  all  their  Customers.     I(  not 
received  another  Copy  will  be  sent  on  application. 
7g   Sonthwark  Sirett,  londr-n   S  E. 


RO  S  E^S  —  R  O  S  E  S  —  ROSES.— 
55  Choice  Perje  ua's  lor  -it  ;  purchaser's  selecliOT  from 
40>  best  varierres.  List  of  names  on  app  i.:iiion.  24  Choice 
standards  or  Half'Standards    2i«   ;  pit  ch-ser's  selection. 

Cash  w',h.,id  r 
JAMES  WALTERS.  Rose  G  nwer.  Mount  Radford,  Fxeter, 


DENDROBIUM 
large  hindsjme  spci , 

fourteen  spikes  of  bloom.      Price 
HY.  GODFREY 


SPECIOSUM. 
■n.  ..early  3  feet  aero. 

i.biii^Ce. 


Very 


The  Grand  New  Regal  Pelirgonlum. 

LEWIS'S  DUCHESS  of  ALBANY.— Good 
Plants  from  6o's,  li.  (jJ.  each,  three  Plants  (or  41. 
Plants  from  s-inch  pots.  is.  fid.  each,  three  plant,  fjr  iu.  t  .. 
further  reduction  forlargerquaofties.    Packingand  carriage  frei 


large 


J.  LEWIS  AND  SO.N,  Ne 


I  Nut. 


,  Malv. 


MANETTI      STOCKS,     hard      and     well- 
rooted,  fine  for  Grafting  or  P  anting,  31.  per  100,  2or. 
per  1000,  a  per  10,000.     Packagee  free  for  cash. 
KIRK  ALLEN,  The  Nursery,  Fen  Drayton.  St.  Ive's.  Hunts. 

LARCH,  i-yr.  i-yr.,  y.  6d.  ;  i  to  li  foot,  los. 
6d.;  iK  to  2  feet,  r6i.  ;  2  to  3  (eet,  sot.  ;  3  to  4  feel,  251.  : 
4  to  5  feet.  32t.   6</.  per   rooj.     Nelt    cash.     Ground  wanted. 
Trade  prices  on  application.     Apply  at  once. 
The  Nurseries,  H  inybyther. 

'■PELEGRAMS.—  "  PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 

-L  is  Reijiste-ed  by  and  suffices  for 


TMANTOPHYLLUM     (Clivia)     MINI- 

-L     ATUM    GRAN  UI  FLORA,      fresh     Seed     (germination 

guaranteed).    12  seeds,  3t.  6i/.  :  50  seeds,  rot    ;   loj  leeds,  I't. 

ED,  PYNAERT,  Ghmt.  Belgium, 


CHRIST.MAS         kOSES. 
CHRISTMAS    ROSE-. 
HELLEBORUS    NIGER    ANGU3TIFOLIUS,   "Brock- 
hurst  "  variety,  pure  white,  very  free,  good   grower,  grand  for 
Forcing    and  the   best   of  all     '  '  ~ 


mps. 


id, 


and 


ich;   i8.. 


WM,  CLIBRAN  ano  SON.OIdlreld  N 
2.  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grown). 
Very  Grand  Bulbs,  155,,  241.,  ana  365.  per  dozen. 
Extra  Varieties,  2t.  f.d..  31.  M.,  and  y.  each. 
Rare  Indian  LILIES,  W.\LL1CHI AN U.M,  NEILGHER- 
RENSE,  and   the   rare  POLYPHYLLUM.      LILIES    and 
BULBS  of  all  kinds. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 

To  the  Trade. 

NUTTING  AND  SONS'  Wholesale 
CATALOGUE  of  Garden  aid  Flower  Seeds,  contain- 
ing Lists  of  Novehies  for  18S1,  has  been  Posted  to  all  their 
Customers  If  not  duly  received,  please  inform  them,  and 
another  shall  be  sent.  106,  Southwaik  Street,  Loudon.  S  E, 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address— '  NU  ITING,   LONDON.' 

SPECIAL  OFFER. -HOR^E  CHE^t"- 
NUT.  2  to  3  feet,  31.  6J.  per  105;  I.EYCE>TERIA 
FORMl-)SA,  strong,  2JS.  per  100;  ABIES  DOUGLASI 1,  i  to 
2  leet,  35t.  per  too;  PINUi  CKMBR.*,  2  to  ;  feet,  251  per 
i»;  P.  STROBUS,  3  to  4  feet.  3or.  per  103;  LAUREL 
SPURGE.  9  to  12  inches,  i6t.  per  100;  GOOSEBERRIES, 
fine  sons,  4-yr  ,  81  per  no  ;  PEARS,  fine,  4  to  5  feet,  6t,  per 
dozen  ;  PLUMS,  fi,.e,  4  to  5  feet,  6j  per  dozen. 
MACLEOD  AND  CAMERON,  Inv 


ipOR  SALE  CHEAP,  a   very   fine   Swedish 
'  HERBAL,  containing  t3!5  Plants.      Address, 

PHARM.  CAND.  tDW,  SCHAGELIN,  MalmO  Sweden. 


c 


F 


HERRY   TREES.— Wanted,    an   offer  for 

One  to  Ten  Thousand  Plants    3  to  4  years  old.     Apply, 
GU.STAV  ROBilHM,  Sm  ihheld  Maiket    Manchester. 

EARS— PEAKS— PEARS.— PYRAMIDS, 

of  the  finest  varieties,  &i..  91.,  I2t.  per  dozen  ;  TRAINED 
TREES,  i2t.,  tsi,  i8j  perdoz.n, 

WM.  CLIBRAN  AND  SON,  Oldfield  Nurseries,  Ahrincham; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

OR  SALE,  SEAKALE,largeForcingRoots ; 

ditto,  plantabte.      For  prices,  &c.,  apply  to 
E.  WILSON  SERPELL,  Nuiseryman,  Plymouth. 


738 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Wednesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7043.) 
HARDY       BULBS       AND      PLANTS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms.  ^8,  King  Street,  Covent 
earden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  December  16,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  several  hundred  lots  of  first-class 
double  and  single  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS,  CROCUSES, 
NARCISSUS,  SNOWDROPS,  LILIUMS.  GLADIOLI. 
ANEMONES,  and  other  BULBS,  a  quantity  of  HARDY 
PLANTS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7044.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  OF  ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  -(8,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  December  17, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower,  including  a  quantity  of  fine  Plants  of 
Odontoglossum  Alexandra;  and  vais.,  O.  Edwardi,  Angtsecum 
sesquipedale,  Phala;nopsis  amabili-,  Dsndrobes,  Oocidiums. 
Calanthes,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Calaloeues  had.  

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7044.) 
5030LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT. 
December  17.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  an  importation 
of  5000  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM,  just  received 
from  Japan  in  the  finest  possible  conditirn  :  several  thousand 
TIGRIDIA  GRANDIFOLIA,  T.  CONCHIFLORA.  and 
fine  mixed  GLADIOLI  from  New  Jersey  :  a  fine  lot  of  Home- 
grown LILIES,  including  many  chcice  varieties;  Tuberous- 
rooted  BEGONIAS.  Dwarf  ROSES  from  France,  SOUTH 
AFRICAN  BULBS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  clumps,  and 
several  hundred  lots  of  Srst-dass  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday  Next,  and  Monday, 

DECEMBER  ,1, 
DUTCH  EULB3  -Four  FINAL  SALES  for  ihe  Season. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  thei.  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C..  on  MONDAV,  THURSDAY.and 
S.\TURDAY  NEXT  (December  14.  17,  and  19),  and  also  en 
MONDAY,  December  21,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  thousands  of 
HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and 
other  BULBS  from  Holland,   in  bts  to  suit  large  and   small 

On  view  mornings  of  Sa'e,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next. 

10CO  LILIUM  AURATUM  from  Japan,  unusually  fine  bulbs; 
30,000  KENTIA  SEEDS,  CAMtLLIAS,  AZALEAS, 
and  FICUS  from  Belf;ium  ;  FERNS  and  PALMS  in 
variety  ;  600  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES  from  an  English 
nursery  ;  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  ;  a  choice  assortment  of 
Hardy  English  grown  LILIES  and  BULBS,  SPIR.KAS, 
Christmas  ROSES,  &c. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above   by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  6S,  tbeapside,  E  C  ,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  December  i6,  at  half-past  12  o'Clcck  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next. 
^000  LILIUM  AURATUM. 
30,000  KENTIA  SEEDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .WD  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
December  16,  30:0  unusually  fine  LILIUM  AURATUM,  just 
received  from  Japan  ;  and  30,000  Seeds  of  KENTIA  BEL- 
MOREANA  and  FOSTERIANA,  colleclee  in  Lord  Howe's 
Island. 

On  view  morning  of  S.ile,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

WHITE    L.liLIA  ANCEPS. 

L/ELIA   ANCEPS    SCHRODERIANA,    STELLA,  and 

SANDERIANA.  in  splendid  mas-es 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68  Cheap,idr, 
London,  E.C  ,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  December  18,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  a  very  fine  impoitation  of  the  above 
WHITE  L/ELIAS,  in  splendid  condition.  All  were  separately 
id  sent  home  from  the  We.-.t  Coast  of  Africa, 
and   New  York,   by  passengi 


packed  i 

Tui   San   Franc 

lotention  being  to  bring  them  i 

have  faded.     1  he  Bulbs  are  plu.-r 


:hav 


the 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


the  masses  very  larce, 
each.  Also  a  womU 
SHALLIANUM. 

On  view  nior 

Flowering  Orchids  -Special  Sale^ 
IVf  ESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and  MORRIS 

;r„"S',,'i;E  '.■>  enounce  that  their  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY 
December  23  (just  before  the  Chrislmas  holidays),  for«h-ch 
they  wdl  be  glad  to  receive  notice  of  eutries  as  early  as  possible. 

Eastbourne. 

MR.  J.  C.  TOWNER  will  SELL  by 
PUBLIC  AUCTION,  at  the  Gildridge  Hotel,  on 
MONDAY,  December  14,  at  3  o'Ciock  v_  m.  precisely,  a 
LEASEHOLD  PROPERTY. 
situated  at  Roselands,  Eastbourne,  comprising  about  2  Acres  of 
Land,  Dwelling  house.  Outbuildings,  and  about  500  feet  of 
Vineiies  ;  now  let  on  lease  at  a  rental  of  £130  per  annum. 

The  Property  is  Leasehold,  for  an  unexpired  term  of  about 
seventy  years,  at  a  ground  rent  of  i,zo. 

Full  Particulars  and  Conditions  of  Sale  may  be  had  of 
R.  PipCOCK.  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Eastbourne  and  Woolwich, 
and  of  the  .Aoctioneer.  Eastbourne. 


TO  LET,  Nobleman's  fine  walled  KITCHEN 
GARDEN,  of  2  to  3  Acres  with  ,  Vineries  <;invo 
house,  &c..  and  Gardener's  residence  Close  to  sSion  and 
c  unty  town.  About  an  hour  from  London,  Biie'hton,  and 
r'orlsmoutn. 

Sp'JitfGide°n':;i^V^-    ""'    ^    J°°"'  ^''""-"^  ^«""' 


TO  LET,  the  NARBOROUGH  NURSERY, 
near  Leicester,  consisting  of  over  1300  tunning  feet  of 
Glass,  with  6-roomed  House,  Outbuildings,  &c.  For  rent,  &c., 
address,  H.  COX,  Narborough,  Leicester. 

O     LET,    a    FLORIST    and    JOBB I N G 

BUSINESS,  in  a  thriving  neighbourhood,    with    Glass 
Erections,  fitted  with  Hot-water  complete. 
Apply,  G.  ROUSE,  Florist,  &c..  The  Green,  Twickenham. 


WILLIAM      CLAPHAM, 

Gjrdcn  Architect  and  Natural  Sock  Builder, 

SHAW  HEATH,  STOCKPORT. 

Ferneries,  Grottos,  and  Rockwork,  in  common  with  Landscape 

Gardening,  to  suit  any  locality. 


Silv 


Medal  awarded  Preston  Guild, 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


LANCASHIRE    LAL^l    GOOSEBERRIES- 
—  Bushes  for  sale.  3  years  old.     For  price,  apply  to 
W.  MANN,  Mogden,  Isleworth.  Middlesex. 

RAPE    VINES.— Planting  "anT "Fruiting 

Canes    leading  sons.    Also  STRAWBERRIES  in  60-pots. 
F.  R.  KINGHORN,  Nurseryman.  Richmond.  Suriey. 

C^'  A  MliTl.  y  A    aTlITa    pX  e  n  a  , 
6  feet  bv  6  (eet,  in  perfect  heallh,  full  of  bud,  for  Sale. 
WILLIAMS,  Florist,  Macclesfield. 

F^^RUIT    TREEsV^FinT^aiTd   well-rooted, 
trained   for  Walls.    &c.    2    PRACHES,    2    APPLES, 
1  NECTARINE,  1  PLUM,  named  packed  and  carrige  paid, 
185.  6J.  :  half  for  K s.  cash. 
WILL  TAVLER,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampt:n.  Middlesex. 

OEAKALE    for    Forcing.  —  Excellent    large 

^-^     Crowns,  qor.  per  io;o  ;  under  500,  lor.  per  10c.  A  quantity 
.f   strong    4.yearold   Fo  cii«g  ASPARAGUS,    and    3  vear-old 
Champagne  RHUBARB  Ro..ts  price  . 
to  be  accompanied  by  cheque  or  P.O.O. 
ALFRED     .ATWOOD,    Grower,    ■ 
Batlersea,  S.W. 

NDRE    LEROY'S    Nurseries,  at   Angers, 

France,  the  l.ireest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES,  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  KRUIV 
TREES.  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freieht 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paiis  in  1S78. 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Slreet,  London,  E.C. 

(^      U     T  f"    L     O  "^W     E  "  R     S^. 

V^  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  (very  fine). 

ROMAN  HYACINl'HS. 
TULIPS  (in  var). 
POINSETTIAS. 
Can  ctfer  a  regular  supply  at  reduced  prices. 
Any  quantity  for  Christmas. 
TURNER  BROS.,  Florists,  Green  Hill  Nursery,  Allerton, 


1  appli 

Shillington    Street, 


Liverpool. 


Roses— Roses-  Roses. 

WOOD  AND  INGRAM  being  large  Growers 
of  the  above,  beg  to  ofFer  the  leading   Hybiii   Per- 
petual varieties,  at  the  following  reduced  prices  for  cash  with 
order.     Package  free.     Standards,  12..  per  dczen,  yor.  per  ico  ; 
Dwarfs  (on  Manetti),  6j.  per  dozen,  35J   p5r  100. 
The  Nurseries.  Huntingdon. 

Broad  Beans. 

HAND    F.   SHAKPE   have   to   offer  fine 
•     samples  of  WINDSOR  and   LONG-POD  BEANS, 
and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  samples  and  prices  on  application 
Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wi.bech. 

XT' R  U  I  T    T  R  E  E  sV^-^orizontal-trained 

-L  PEARS— Williams'  Bon  Chre'lien,  Marie  Louise.  Marie 
Louise  d'bccle,  Bergimotte  d'Esperen,  Louise  Bonne,  &c., 
fine,  with  four  to  live  tiers.  Also  Standard  and  Pyramid 
PEARS  Slanlard  PLUMS  and  DAMSONS,  Pyramid 
APPLES  and  PLUMS,  Dwaiftrained  PEARS,  PLUMS, 
CHERRIES,  &c.  The  above  can  be  supplied  i.i  large 
quantities — fine,  well-grown  trees. 

II.  LANE  .\ND  SON,  The  Nurserie--,  Berkamsted,  Herts. 

ORN-AMENTAL   PLANTS. 


100  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  in  50  distinct  varieties,  includ- 
ing the  new  golden  Sycamore,  purple  Maple,  purple 
Plum,  purple  Birch,  several  vaiigated  Acers,  Elms, 
&c. ,  4  too  feet  high,  for  for. 

too  ORNAMENTAL  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  in  51  distinct 
varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  isr. 

100  ORNAMENTAL  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  in  50  dis- 
tinct varieties,    2  to  4  feet  high,  for  40J. 

100  CONIFERS,  in  roo  distinct  varieties,  from  I  to  3  f.et 
high,  for  6of. 

too  DWARF  ROSES,  in  too  fintst  varieties,  for  30s. 

103  RHODODENDRONS,  in  too  nne-st  varieties,  i  10  2  eet 
high,  for  loor. 

im  PRIMROSES,  ia  30  distinct  hardy  varieties,  for  301. 
All  safely  picked  in  mats  or  hampers,  package  free, 
for  cash  with  Older. 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Nurseries,  Aberdeen 
Telegraphic   Address— "  FORBESFIELD.    ABERDEEN. 

Every  Garden  and  every  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranging  from  2s.  6d.  to  £20. 

Carc'ully  Packed,  and  sent  Post-free  or  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
Railway  Station  or  Port  in  the  British  Isles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 


EDINBURGH  APPLE  CONFERENCE.— 
Admirers  of  our  splendid  collection  of  Fruit  at  the  above 
show  sre  reminded  that  Trees  in  all  forms  can  be  supjjlied 
direct,  or  ihrongh  the  Edinburgh  Nurserymeu. 

GEORGE     P.UNYARD    and    CO..    The    Old    Nurseries, 
Maidstone. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS— AZALEA  MOLLIS.— 
A  few  thousands  are  still  disposable  ;  very  fine  plants, 
full  of  buds,  SOI.  per  lOo.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRANDI  FLORA.  30s.  per  100.  At  the  Ornamental  Plant 
Nurseries.- JULES   DE   COCK.  Ghent.  Belgium. 

FOR  SALE.— 100,000  BLACK  CURRANT 
BUSHES.  2  and  3  years  old  ;  best  sorts,  and  wonderfully 
strong  growth.— Apply  to  J.  SMITH  and  SON,  Market  Gar- 
dens, bipson,  near  West  Drayton. 

OSES. --ROSES.  —  ROSES. — 

Twenty-four  bushy  H.P.'s  and  twenty  Tea«,  splend  J 


R 


PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  of  the  finest  stocks  of  Late 
White  Broccoli  ever  offered,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See 
following  extract  :— 

From  the  Gardenen'  ChroHkle  and  Agricultural  Gazette, 
London;--' Monster  Bkoccoli.-A  few  days  since.  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  of  the  Coombe,  Penzance,  who  has  been  a  Broccoli 
grower  for  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  Loi-don  and 
Northern  Markets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  tngeiher 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  Pontey'i  1  ale 
White  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales  at  the  smelting-house  had  10 
be  called  into  requisition  to  ascertain  the  weight  of  the  plants.' 

Retail  Price,  aj.  6i.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
Trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  21,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 

Home-grown  Vegetable  and  Field  Seeds. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to  for- 
•  ward  on  application  their  Wholesale  Specia'  Priced 
LIST  of  Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  of 
1  SSs  growth,  all  raised  from  the  best  selected  slocks,  and  harvested 
in  splendid  condition.  The  Piices  will  be  found  very  advant- 
ageous.        Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

'■p  EL'eGRAPHI  C         ADDRESS  — 

X  "GILBERT,  STAMFORD.' 

The  gem  of  ihe  season-Gilberi's  Late  White  BROCCOLI, 
Victoria— in  open  competition  beat  all  the  Models,  all  the 
Giants,  and  all  the  Queens,  besides  seven  dishes  of  Cauhlljwer. 
Awarded  a  Fiist-class  Ceitificite  at  the  Royal  HorticiltU'al 
Socie'y.  This  Broccoli  is  without  djnbt  pre-emiocnily  the 
finest  in  commerce.  Not  thimblesful,  but  m  JJ  oz.  packets, 
ir.  6rf.  each. 

A.  F.  BARRON  MELON,  Green  fle-h.  First-class  Certifi- 
cate, and  true  TELEGRAPH  CUCUMBERS,  i  dozen  seecs, 
per  packet,  ir.  each 

CHOU  DE  BURGHLEV,  a  pure  stock,  and  Universal 
SAVOV,  in  'i  oz.  packets,  ij.  each. 

Gilbert's  selected  ONIoN  SEED,  saved  from  all  the  best 
shaped  and  finest  Bulbs,  Magnum  Ronum,  White  Spanish,  and 
Bedfordshire  Champion.  <ji.  per  picket. 

PRIMROSE  SEED,  crossed  with  Harbinger,  from  a  very 
fine  collection,  rr.  6d  per  packet. 

Border  CARNATIONS,  all  colours,  a  very  hardy  and  giod 
stock,  5'/.  per  packet. 

Apply  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  PatkGardens,  Stamford. 

EARLY      PEAS      FOR      SEED. 
PRIZETAKERS, 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST. 

KENTISH  INVICTA, 

All  harvested  without  tain. 

Price  loj.  per  Bushel.     Special  quotations  for  40  Bushels 

and  upwards.     Apply. 

C.  RANDELL,  Chadbury.  near  Evesham. 


SPECIAL         OFFER. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  20.000  i  yr.  cuttings,  8j  variet  cs. 
CURRANTS,  various,  ro.oco  r-yr.  cuttings. 
CURRANT  BUSHES,  various,  looco,  3-yr. 
ASPARAGUS,  20.000.  i-yr. 
tOrONEASTER  SIMONSI,  5000,  a-yr. 
YEWS,  English,  r  to  z  feet,  20=0. 
FILBERTS  and  NURS.  various,  2000. 
NUT  and  FILBERT  Layers.  5Co>. 

CHERRY  PLUM  (Prunus  myrobalana).  for  fencinj;.  s^ooj. 
roo  WALNUTS.  Siandards. 

The  whole  of  the  above  is  cft'er^d  at  very  low  Trade  prices. 
The   ROYAL   NORFOLK   NURSERIES  (late  twins'--), 
Eaton,  near  Norwich. 


R 


NEW  P        E 

"  BACKHOUSE-S    BEURR^" 
Figured  in  Cxydeners   Chronklg,  November  3,  iSSi 
This   IS   a   hybrid  between  the  J;irgonelle  and  Ueune  Ulel. 
with  the  form  and  size  of  the  latter,  but  wiih  ihe  meliing  siweet 
juiciness  of  the  Jargonelle.    In  season  it  is  aho  between  ihe  iw  «, 
and  bears  well  as  a  Standard  in  Yorkshire.     From  its  Uig-?  s  z^. 
excellent  quality,  great  productiveness  and  hardin»si.  we  have 
confidence  in  lecammending  it  fur  geiie;;i'  C(i'tivatit<n,  alike  for 
choicest  coUeciioas  where  Pears  are  grown  lor  dessert  oc  exhi- 
bition, and  for  gardens  where  a  profitable  market  iciurn  ii  all- 
important.     Stroue  trees  now  reidy  for  deliveiy — 
Maiden  Plants,  31.  td.  each. 
Standards  or  Dwarfs,  51.  each. 
Dwarfs  trained  for  walls  or  espiliers,  -ji.  6.'.  each. 
General  CATALOGUE  of  Fruit  Trees  scut  on  appiicatiun. 
Also  of  Roses,  Forest  and  Ornamental  Trees.  &c. 

JAMES  BACKHOUSE  and  SONS.  Yoik  Nurfd'e^ 

T710UR       HUNDR  E"U~Tho'U  S  A  N  D 

Xj      PACKETS  of  Choice  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  1886. 

Advertiser  is  now  ready  to  seiid  (oii  approval,  without  pre- 
payment, if  the  genuineness  of  this  Advertisement  is  doubled) 
a  PARCEL,  which  is  probably  the  mo^t  extraordinary  shilling's 
worth  of  any  commodity  ever  offeied,  containing  no  less  ihan 
80  separa'e  named  packets  of  fesh  and  choice  varieties  for  cut- 
door  cultivation  ;  and  if  not  acknowledged  by  ihe  most  critical 
recipient  to  be  worth  at  least  three  times  the  money  asked  for  it 
no  payment  will  be  accepted.  This  is  guaranteed  not  to  be  a 
clearing  ciTof  old  seeds,  but  a  fresh,  choice,  and  genuine  parcel. 
It  will  be  sent  post-free  for  \s.  yi,,  two  for  zs.  ^d.,  or  one  dozen 
parcels  (containing  q6o  packets)  for  i7s  Those  not  rtmitlini 
with  order  must  kmdiy  enclose  a  professional  reference,  to  pre- 
vent Advertiser  being  duped  by  the  unscrupulous.  Agents 
wanted  at  once,  to  commence  sales  in  everv  town  and  village  in 
the  Three  Kingdoms.— Address,  LLOYD  BOOTH,  F  ower 
Seed  Merchant,  Loudwater,  near  High  Wycombe. 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


739 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


T}HE     COMMITTEE 

beg  to    GIVE   NOTICE   that  they  have 
secured  periHanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STREET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it  is   respectfitlty  requested  that  all  com- 
munications may  be  addressed  there. 
By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec. 
November  3,   1S85. 


yOREST,  jf  RUIT 


&    ALL    OTHER 


ITREES  &  rftLANTS. 


oS«i,s«°»«f^^«*.c 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


cci/^^fac//c£ 


SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF    WELL-GROWN    STOCK. 

6,000     FRUIT     TREES,     mostly    Pyramids    and 

Standards,      consisting     of     best    sorts, 

APPLES,      PEARS,      PLUMS,      and 

CHERRIES. 

16,000    GOOSEBERRIES,      mostly     Warrington  ; 

also  some  Red  and  Black  CURRANTS. 

60,000    ASPAR.'^GUS  and  SEAKALE  ;    the  forcing 

Seakale  is  fine. 
10,000    LAURELS,      including     rotundiflora     and 

caucasicum. 
20,000    IVIES,  mostly  small  leaved. 
5,000    TREE  BOX. 

5,000     POPLARS,  LIMES,  THORNS,    CHEST- 
NUTS. 


And  Jor  Special  Quotations.,  5-'(-.,  apply  to 

HARRISON    k    SONS, 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  GROWERS, 
LEICESTER. 


An  immense  stock  of  healthy  Trees  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 

CORDON  FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESandSHRUBS 

R03ES,    RHODODENDRONS,    &c. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 

;|  HHEAPCONS 

fl#«  WLCrawley,        *J  Sussex.. 


ALOPECURUS    PRATENSIS   for  Sale.— 
YGBERG  AND  JADERLUND,  Slocltholm,  Sweden, 

RANCIS  R.  KINli^HORN  begs  to  offer,  in 

splendid  stuff  and  at  lowprices,  the  following:— PLANES, 
II  to  12  feet,  straight  stems  and  good  heads;  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  5  to  4  feet,  bushy  ;  Oval-leaf  PRIVET, 
4  to  5  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  ; 
SWtEr  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  to  4  feet;  Double  GORSE,  in 
pots,  2  feet,  bushy  ;  BERIiERIS  DARWINII,  in  pots,  2  to  3 
feet,  bushy  ;  LILACS.  5  to  6  feet  ;  RIBES.  4  feet. 
Sheen  Nurseries.  Richmond.  Surrey. 


SPECIAL  CHEAP  OFFER.  —  PINES, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet  :  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Scotch,  12  to  24  inches  ;  ELM,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ; 
ASH,  Common,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
rK  to  2  feet,  2  to  3  feet,  7  10  S  feet,  8  to  10  feet;  CHEST- 
NUT, I  to  2  feet  ;  HORNBEAM.  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet, 
7  to  8  feet,  S  10  9  feet  ;  MAPLE.  4  to  10  feet  ;  O-AK,  E.-glish, 
from  I  to  10  feet  ;  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  feet.  8  10  .0 
(cet,  10  to  12  feet  ;  POPLARS,  American,  7  to  8  feet,  10  to  12 
feet  :  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet,  good  ; 
PRIVET,  CWal-leaf.  2  to  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  fii,e ;  QUICK, 
THORN,  4,  5,  and  6-yr.,  line  ;  SYCAMORES,  3  to  4  leet.  4  10 
5  feet,  7  to  8  feet,  8  to  9  feet  :  AUCUBAS,  2  to  3  feet  ; 
liERBERIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BtJX,  CUPRESSUS,  vari- 
ous; ELDERS,  Gold;  CURRANTS,  floweriig  ;  HOLLIES, 
in  great  variety :  IVIES,  in  sorts;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  :  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundred  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sizes — beautiful  stuff; 
REriNOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  Sc,  apply  to 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON.  The  Nurseries,  Melton. 
Stolce-on-Trei  t. 

PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  healthy  Seaforlhia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Phoeuix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens,  and 
Euterpe  edulis,  12  inciies  high,  45.  per  dozen,  251.  per  loj; 
same   sorts,    20   inches     high,    121.    per  dozen,    less   qaantuy 

FERNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and   handsome  Limaria  Gibba, 
Adisntum     cuneatum    (Maidenhair),    Ptens    tremula,     Pteris 
serrulata,  Pteris  serrulata  cristala.  Pt-ris  cretica  albo  Ivneala, 
Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots.  2cj.  per  100.  3r.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true).  61.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London.  N. 

Q     P    E    C    I    A  T  OFF    E~R~ 

O  Fine  samples  of 

MYATTS      PROLIFIC     EARLY    ASHLEAF    KIDNEY 

POTATOS,  £.s  SI-  per  ton.    Where  three  or  more  ions  are 

ordered,  ^5  per  ton, 

surroN'S    early  ashleaf  kidnf.y  potatos, 

£ih  6s  per  ton.     Nett  cash.     Free  on  rail  here. 
W.   W.  JOHNSON  AND  SON,   Seed  Potato  Growers  and 
Merchants,  Boston,  Lincolnshire, 


SBIDE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
•  extetisivs  .stock  of— 

fruit     trees      (Dwarftrained)  — Apricots,     Nectarines, 

Peaches,  Apples,  Pears,  Cherries,  S:c. 
FOREST  TREES-Larchand  Sc:)lch  Fir.  Ash.  Haiel,  &c. 
ROSES-Standard  and  Dwarf.  ASH— Seedling,  i-yr. 

ASPARAGUS-For  Planting  ;  for  Forcing. 

The  whole  being  second  to  none  in  the  Trade.    CATALOGUES 
of  General  Nursery  Stock,  with  Prices.  &c,,  on  application  to 
S.  BIDE,  Alma  Nursery,  Karnham,  Surrey. 


H. 


Seed  Potatos. 
AND  F.  SHARPE  beg  to  announce  that 

»  their  Wholesale  Priced  LIST  of  SEED  PO  FATOS 
is  now  ready,  and  can  be  forwarded  at  once  on  application.  It 
comprises  all  the  best  vaiieties  m  cultivation,  including  several 
novelties  of  steihng  merit.  The  samples  are  very  fine  this 
season  and  entirely  free  from  disease,  and  the  prices  will  be 
found  very  reasonabFe 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


Seed  Orowing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

Q.REAT(JALE  of  AJURSERY  QTOCK. 

Part  of  our  Kingston  Hill  Ground  having  to  be  cleared 
by  Christmas,  we  intend  selling  at  the 

KINGSTON     HILL     NURSERY, 

All  kinds  of 

DECIDUOUS     AND     EVERGREEN     SHRUBS. 
FOREST    TREES, 

ROSES    AND     FRUIT    TREES, 

At  Grbatlv  Reduced  Prices. 


T.    JACKSON    AND    SON, 

NURSERIES,    KINGS  TO tf-ON-TH AMES. 


PRIZE    COB,    FILBERT, 

AND    OTHER    FRUIT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  intending  to  make  Plantations  should  apply  for 

CATALOGUE  and  PAMPHLETS 

on  Hmti  to  Makt  Land  Pay,  and  llom  to  Plant  and  Prune,  to 

Mr.  COOPER.  FR.HS.,  Calcot  Gardens,  Reading. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fem 

Cultivation,"  15. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  varieties 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "List  or  New,  Rare,    and  Choice 

Ferns,"  free. 
Descriptive  *'  List  op  Hardy  North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN  NURSERY,  SALE  MANCHESTER. 


WHITETHORN   or    QUICK. 

THOMAS     PERKINS   and   SONS, 
14.     DRAPERY.     NORTHAMPTON, 
Offer  very  fine  strong  stuff  of  the  above,  at  prices  varyioR  from 


EXPIRY     OF     LEASE. 

In  consequence  of  the  Lease  of  9  acres  of 
our  Nursery  Ground  being  near  an  end,  we  beg 
to  offer  the  following  NURSERY  STOCK  at 
e.xceptionally  low  prices  : — 

LARCH,  true  native,  i-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted,  9  to  12  inches, 
rz  to  18  inches.  18  to  24  inches,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feet, 

FIR,  Scotch,  iruc  native,  i-yr.  seedlings,  a-yr.  seedlings. 
I-yr.  I-yr.  transplanted,  2-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted, 
3-vear-old  twice  transplanted,  2-yr.  2-yr.  transplanted, 
9  to  12  inches,  12  to  18  inches,  iS  to  24  inches. 

SPRUCE,  2-yr.  and  3  yr. -seedlings,  also  6  to  9  inches, 
transplanted. 

ALDER,  I-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted. 

ASH.  I-yr.  seedlings,  i-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted. 

BEECH,  I-yr.  seedlings. 

BIRCH,  i-yr.  seedlings,  and  12  to  18  inches. 

BRIER.  Dog,  I-yr.  seedlings 

CHESTNUT,  Spanish,  lyr. 

HAZEL,  T-yr.  seedlings. 

ELM,  Scotch,  12  to  18  inches,  iS  I  j  24  inches,  2  to  3  feet. 

OAKS,  i.yr.  seedlings, 

PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  i-yr.  seedlings,  6  to  9  inches,  9  to  12 
inches,  transplanted. 
,,     LAKlLlo,  2-yr.  seedhnes    6  tj  9  inches. 
„     MARITIMA,  2-vr.  seedlings,  i-yr.  lyr. 

Pi  iPLARS,  of  sorts,  i}i  to  8  feel,  transplanted. 

SVCAMORE.  i-vr.  seedlings,  i-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted,  11  to  I 
inches,  1 3  to  24  inches. 

ASH.  Muuntain,  18  to  n  inche2,  2  to  3  feet,  4  to  ;  fe^t. 

LIM  ES,  from  Livers.  2  to  3  Ceet,  3  to  4  f.e;.  and  npwaids 

RHODODENDRON   PONTICUM,  6  to  9  in.  and  upw. ids. 
,,     Hybrids,  named,  finest  vatieiiei,  from  2-yr.  grafted  and 
upwards,  in  hud. 

ABIES  DOUGLASn,    i-yr.   i-yr.  transplanted,  6  to  9  inches. 
9  to  12  inches.  12  to  18  inches,  18  to  24  inches. 
„     MENZIESII,    2-yr.    seedlings,    and    2-yr.    1  yr.    trans- 
planted. 

ARAUCARIA  IMBRICATA,  4  to  6  inches,  6  to  9   inches, 

CUPRESSUS  L.  NANA  COMPACTA.  6  to  9  inc  le-,   9  to 

,,     LUTEA.  6  to  9  inches,  9  to  12  inches. 
PI^:EA  NOBILIS.  6lo9inche-,  9  to  12 inches. 

,.     NORDMANfANA.  ijioia  1,,^.  es. 
TAXUS  ELF.GANTISSIMA,  ail  si.es 

„     FASTIGIATA  AUREA,  all  sizes. 

„     Irish,  common.  12  to  18  inches,  and  upwards. 
ROSES,  Dwarfs,  per  100  or  1000. 
FRUIT  TREE  STOCKS,  seedling  and  transplanted. 

T/ic  oboz'i  ttock  is  in  fine  condition,  and  satnfiltrs  and 
f>rices,  ivith  specially  lo^v  ijuotations/or  liir^e  quantities,  may 
be  had  on  application  to 


R.    <fc    A.    MORRISON, 

THE      NURSERIES,     ELGIN. 

NEWAPPLES. 
SEPTEMBER   BEAUTY. 

Fint-ilass    Certificates  from    the    Royal  Horticultural 

Society  and  at  the  CryUal  Palace,   1885. 

This  is  one  of  the  handsomest,  richest-flavoured,  and  most 

digestible  mid-season  dessert  Apples,  having  the  full  Ribstoii 

flavour,  but  precedes  that  delicijus  Apple,  and  is  hardier  and 

Es.  and  7s.  6<1.  each. 


THE  DARTMOUTH  CRAB. 

The  largest,  best,  and  most  distinct  o^  all  the  Crabs,  and  one 
of  the  handsomest  fruits  m  cultivation,  being  of  a  beautiful 
crimson-scarlet  colour,  coated  with  a  rich  bloom,  and  ciiried 
on  a  lone  sulk.  The  fruit  resembles  an  enlarged  Victoria  Plum, 
and  the  tree  laden  with  fiuit  is  most  attractive. 

This  Crab,  which  ripens  early,  is  not  acid,  but  if  eaten  at  the 
ripening  point  is  equal  to  a  first-rate  summer  Apple. 

3s.  6d.  and  5s.  each. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to 

THOMAS     LAXTON, 

SEED  and  novelty  GROWER,  BEDFORD. 

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

OUR  PLANTS  are  mostly  cut  down  and 
placed  near  the  glass,  as  our  houses  are  exqressly  built 
to  produce  the  best  possible  strong,  clean,  healthy,  country- 
grown  Cuttings,  so  that  none  can  tail  to  grow  them  into  good 
plants.  All  the  best  varieties  in  culiivalioo  are  now  posted  in 
any  quaniity  m  tin  boxes  all  over  Europe  by  thoroughly  experi- 
enced men,  therefore  all  are  warranted  true  to  name.  For  prices, 
and  a  vast  amount  of  valuable  information,  see  CATALOGUE, 

Our  Selection-CUTTINGS,  ir.  6<i  ner  dozen,  i  Cutting 
each  of  our  gos  varieties.  Z4.  STOCK  PLANTS,  5^.  per 
dozen.  35^.  per  102  ;  the  900  lor  £14,. 

Plants  of  tlie  86  New  Varieties  for  £4 ;  Cuttings,  £2. 
30  of  tlie  above  for  £1 ;  Cuttlnga,  10b. 


H.    CANNELIi    &     SONS, 


WCTWSm-W«£Ft 


740 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  18 


The  Oiii-Eslal.lislie.l  Seeil  &•  Xiuseiy  Busines».  E 


F. 


A.  Dickson  &'  Sons,| 

106,  Eastgate  Street, 

The  "Upton"    Nurseries, 
'®-     Chester.     ^^ 

The  Queen's  Seedsmen." 

X^^i.^  c^-^^^L^— 200  CL<^^.^L^. 
a''\MJ.t.  aJ"-'-^^ — 50  ot)c.^i-«-o —  I 

pn.O-,.^.0-U..,^^XL:>-JL      ",.,U.,^L.C^^M.<JUhLA.."     f 

jSll  I^eefidarly   transplanted.  » 


J  V 


■<;^^tc-: 


stimates   given,. 


tzJ/^'  X)fJ(^  .^ACU/' 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6s.  per  bushel 
{is,  ejctra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  ii. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
■  WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
'  (Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


'^&^{mtm.d/i^'-<^^-i. 


YELLOW   CARNATION 

"PRIDE  of  PENSHURSL" 

Blooming  most  profusely,  and  is  admitted  by  all 
much  the  best,  and  a  great  acquisition. 

Fine  Plants,    zs.  6d.   each,    2  4 J.  per  dozen. 


H.  CANNELL  &  SONS, 

THE     HOME     FOR     FLOWERS, 
SWAN  LEY,    KENT. 

ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

""^"J^f-.o?''""  "'■   ^'  '"''""■  '"'■\P<^kins...d  Carriage 

^■^''''.oslS;.^.-''-  "'■  ""  '"'"'i  '<>■  Ca.h  wfiford«. 

CLEM.\T1S  (80,000),  ISI.  to  3+1.  par  dozen. 

ROSES,  in  Pots  (80,000),  155.  to  361.  pec  dozen. 

FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acresl. 

VINES  (60C0).  3s.  &/.  to  icj.  M. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 

STRAWBERRIES,  4J.  per  loo  ;  Forcing,  15^.  to  25J.  per  100. 

ASPARAGUS.  2j.  id.  per  100  ;  Forcing,  I2j.  bd.  pec  ito. 

SEAKALE,  sttoog  Forcing,  i6j.  pec  100. 

EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS     ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(gr  Acrees). 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  U.  per  dozen 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS  UNDERWOOD,  &c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 

RICHARD"wrH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine,  from  I2t.  to  245,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Plants  may  now  be  knocked 
out  of  pols  and  sent  by  pirce!  post.  — RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

iC   PINE-APPLE  NURSERY, 

UAIDA  VALE, 

LONDON,  N.W. 

.  New  Autumn  LIST  of  Cheap  Cash 
Offers  in  Ornamental  Plants,  sent  on 
application.  Stove,  Greenhouse,  and 
Garden. 

HENDERSON  «&  SON. 

NEW   BOSES,    Is.    6d.    EACH. 

GLOIRE  LYONAISE.  the  fifst  Hybrid  Pe.petual,  with  yellow 

Jl.twers.  fine  qiulily,  a  good  fljwer. 
BEAUTE  DE  L'EDROPE.  o  lour  daik  yellow,  free  bloomer,  a 

sceriiinE  from  Gioire  de  Dijon,  which  it  surpasses. 
ETOILE  DE  LYONS,  deep  yellow,  large,    and    very  double, 

fitsi  quality. 
HADAME  EUGENE   VEEDIER,    flowers  larae.    fine    form, 

golden  yellow,  long  buds,  First-class  Certificate. 
OLD  FAVOURITES.— Gioire  is    Dijon  and    Souvenir   de  la 

Malmaison,  6j.  and  95.  per  dozen  ;  Mai^chal  Niel,  9J. 

100    HAEDY    GARDEN    FLOWERS,     hardy    herbaceous 
100  STOVE   or  GR^NHOUSE  PLANTS,    of   the    mo.t 

beautiful    tljwenng    and    oinaraeiual    foliage,    in    100 
for  (iis.  and  105J.  the   ico  ;  Or  in  50  varieties, 


the 


12  AZALEA  INIDCA  for  :8j.  Healthy  plants,  covered  witt 
fljwer-buds.  Splendid  varieties— 12  hardy  Ghen 
varieties,  i8r  ;  12  A.  Mollb,  covered  with  llower-buds 


12  CAMELLIAS,  c 

vered  with  buds. 

2tj.  and  30X. 

12  DRAC/ENAS,  i 

sorts,  very  ornamental,  6>-.,  qj 

la  CROTONS,  beau 

tiful  sorts.  6j.,  12 

■  2  IXORAS,  finest  > 

arieiies,  various  c 

olours,  6j.,  1 

zs  ,  181. 

12  MAIDENHAIR 

FERNS,  12  sort 

,  6f . ,  9;. 

)2  Gold  and  S.lverlt 

aved  FERNS,  is 

1  9^- 

iz  PALMS,  varietie 

.  6i. .  95..  izr. 

12  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA(Ama 

zon  Lily).  6j 

,   V  .   121. 

rz  NERIUM  (Oleander),  12  sorts,  var 

ous  colours, 

fr.,  91. 

12  AFRICAN  ASPARAGUS,  a  lovely  plant,  i8<. 

2ir. 

iz  BOUVARDIAS, 

in  12  fine  vatietie 

,  6r. 

In  less 

quantities  at  the 

same  rate. 

1000  BULBS,  in  fine  selection  of  sort 
lor  sir. 

,  for  garden 

decoration. 

New  CbrysantbemumB. 

G   STEVENS,  F.R.H.S.,  St.  John's  Nursery, 
•     Putney,   Suriey,   P.W.,   is  now  Booking  Orders  for  his 
New  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  which  will  be  sent  out 
in  February  next,  good  strong  Plants  : — 
MAIDEN'S  BLUSH. -Fine  Japanese,  with  broad  flat  florets, 
forming  a  full    large  handsome    bloom.       Fine  for  Exhibition. 
First-class  Cettificate  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  Nov  10,  and 
National  Chiyanthemum  Society,    November  1 1,  1885.     Price 
2r.  dd.  each.     Cish  v.ith  order  from  unknown  correspondents. 

MARTHA  HARDING— A  fine  Japanese  variety.  Golden- 
yellow,  shaded  reddnh-brown,  large  handsome  flower.  Fine  for 
Exhibition.  First-class  Certificate  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society,  r884.     Price  25.  (,d.  each. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  CATALOGUE  of  all  the  best 
Exhibition  Varieties  on  apolication. 

OUR    LARGE    CROTONS,    of   MAJKS- 
TICA  WISEMANIA.   VARIEGATA.   &c.,  from    tV. 
feet  to  6  leet.    Fine  Specimens.     No  reasonable  offer  reluseo. 
Apply  to 

R.  LOME,  Nurseryman,  Wolveihamploo. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM,  Special  consignment. 
Splendid  sound  firm  Bulb-,  6^..  95.,  izr.,  and  iSr  per 
dozen,  45J.  to  icoj.  per  100;  Double  TUBEROSES,  exira  fine, 
lor.  and  i^j.  bd.  per  too;  Giant  LILY  of  iho  VALLEY, 
Imported  Crowns.  5!.  td.  and  6j.  *(/  per  too;  ditto,  immense 
Clumps,  r2S.  and  151.  per  dozen  ;  SPIRjBA  JAPONICA,  v  , 
41.  per  dozen  ;  GLADIOLUS  KRENCH LEYENSIS,  Zd  per 
dozen,  4J.  bd.  per  too:  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  English 
grown,  irom  iSi.  to  42s.  per  dozen.  All  other  Plants  and  Roots 
equally  cheap. 

MORLE  AND  CO  ,  I  and  2.  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 41.  td.  per  bushel  (i6  cakes),  fid.  per  bushel  package  ; 
a  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  post,  \s.  yl.     Trade  supplied 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Child's  HiU  Farm,  N.W 
and  I  and  a,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

OOCOA-miT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  too  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 
4or.  ;  4-bushel  bags,  40'.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5J.  (>d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  iv.  ;  sacks, 
\d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  11.  gi.  per  bushel;  151.  per  hall 
ton,  z6j   per  ton  in  2-bushet  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ts.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Si.  bd-  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH.  21,  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  t;*,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

Peat— Peat-Peat. 

FOR  Rhododendrons  and  common  purposes. 
For  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Heaths,  Ferns,  &c. 
For  Orchids  (specially  selected  fibrous),  in  sacks  or  barrels. 

Fresh    SPHAGNUM,    very    superior    LEAF    MOULD, 
LOAM,  Fine  and  Coarse  SILVER  SAND. 

Trade  liberally  dealt  with.     Prices  on  application  to 
GATERELL  and  SON,  Wholesale  Peat  Merchants,  Ring- 
wood,  Hants. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

_  Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEA'r,  best  brown  fibrous    ..  4 J.  bd.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  aor. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  31.  W.         „         5  sacks  lor  151. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5J.  6i.         „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "i 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  I    , 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     i  "■ 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  id.  per  bush.,  izs.  half  ton,  azi.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOT  H,  finest  imported        .       8.1'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8». 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,  (Sf  e'cialile')     8./.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8x. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     55.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  zt.  per  bush.,  dr.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chuhb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ir.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  131.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  ; 
30  sacks,  25J  ;  40  sacks,  301.  1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
255.  Limited  quantities  01  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  zr.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 


.  per  hush.,  sacks  tocluded). 


CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCUA-NUr  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4-bushel  Bags, 
II.  each;  30  for  251.— bags  included  :  z-ton  T.uck,  tree  on  Rail. 
351.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  pi 
Sack  :  5  lor  2Zi.  bd.  :  10  lor  351.  ;  so  for  60J.  BEST  BLAcK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  41  bd.  per  Sack:  5  for  2011  :  to  for  30J. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  ti.  6,/.  per  Bu-hel;  141.  per 
'A  Ton  ;  251.  per  Ton.  SPECIALirfi  lOBACCD  PAPER, 
tad.  per  lb.  ;  28  lb,  211.;  cwt ,  701.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  pec  lb  ;  28  lb.  for  r8i.  LEAF-MOULD,  51. 
per  Sick.  PEAT  MOULD,  41.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  31.  per  Sick.  CHARCOAL,  21.  bd.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  t,d  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
&c.     LIS  r  Free      Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehooses, 

Souihwaik  Street,  S.E.  (near  London  Bridge). 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants.  &c.,  Ci  bs.  per  Tiuck.  BLACK  FI BROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags.  211.  bd.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.  Bag*  included  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  bd.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  521  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough  Station,  Hants. 


FRIDAY      NEXT. 
WHITE       L/ELIA       ANCEPS. 

1j2R-L1A     ANCEPS      SCH  R  OD  E  R  I  AN  A,      STELLA,     and 
SANDERIANA,    in  splendid   masses. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NE.XT,  December  18,  at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely, 
a  very  fine  importation  of  the  above  WHITE  L^LIAS,  in  splendid  condition.  All  were 
separately  packed  in  cases  and  sent  home  from  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  via  San  Francisco  and 
New  York,  by  passenger  train,  the  intention  being  to  bring  them  into  the  market  in  bloom,  but 
the  spikes  have  faded.  The  Bulbs  are  plump  and  in  fine  order,  and  the  masses  very  large,  some 
having  two  and  three  hundred  bulbs  each.  Also  a  wonderful  importation  of  ONCIDIUM 
MARSHALLIANUM. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


74' 


JUST  PUBLISHED,    SIXTH   EDITION,    ENLARGED  AND  REVISED. 


THE  ORCHID-GROWERS'   MANUAL. 

By  BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.LS.,  F.R.H.S, 

Post  8-'c,   Cloth,  Price   \i,s. ;    Free  by  Parcels  Post,  ijj-.  dd. 

Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  Page  and  Double-page  Engravings  oa  Wood,  together  with 
Blocks  Illustrative  of  types  of  the  various  genera. 

'  I  'HIS  Popular  Work  has  been  entirely  remodelled  and  revised  up  to  the  present  time,  and  has 
-'■  been  enlarged  to  659  pages.  It  contains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and 
varieties  of  Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  47S  synonyms  ;  also  authorities  for  the  names,  the 
families  to  which  the  various  genera  belong,  the  flowering  period,  native  country,  and  references  to 
figures.  Making  in  all  the  most  complete  work  on  Orchids  ever  published. 


Published    by   B.    S.    WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA    and   PARADISE    NURSERIES,    UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 

PAUL  &  SONS,  THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  GHE8HUNT,  N., 

Soliiii   Orders  for  the  Present  Planting  Season  for 


Nurseries:  — 
CHESHUNT. 

HIGH  BEECH. 
FKOXBOURNE. 


ROSES, 

FRUIT    TREES, 
EVERGREENS  and  CHOICE  CONIFER/E, 
HOLLIES,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN, 
CATALOGUES     \  RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS^ 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

ALL    .SPFXIALTIKS    OF    THESE    CELEBRATRn    NURSRRIKS 

BOULTON   &   PAUL,   Norwich, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS  and   HEATING    ENGINEERS, 


Awarded  the  GOLD  and  SILVER  MEDALS  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  for  the 
General  Excellence  of  their  Exhibits— 1881. 

CONSERVATORIES,  ORCHID-HOUSES,  PEACH-HOUSES,  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES, 

&c.,  of  the  best  Material  and  Workmanship,  at  Prices  defying  all  Competition. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  in  any  part  of  the  Country,     Stuveys  made.     Estimates  and  Lists  post-free. 

General   CATALOGUE   nost-free. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,     SILVER     MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,   BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.— Best 
and  freth  only,  is,  per  bag  ;  15  bags,  iw.  ;  ^->  bags, 
2"  .  sen!  to  all  pans  :  ttuclts,  231..  free  to  Kail.  PEAT  and 
lOAM.-A.  FOULON.  3J,  St.  Mary  Axe.  London.  EC. 

LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDt",  Improved. 
—  Soluble  m  water.  Tlie  cheapest,  sa'e  t,  and  most 
etTeclual  Invecfcide  exiani.  HatmVss  to  11  nets  and  foliage. 
Instant  death  to  Mealy  Bug.  Seal-,  Th.ips.  Ke.l  Spider,  Grten 
and  BlacW  Fly,  American  Bright.  Mildew.  An's,  &c.  As  a 
Winter  Dressing  unequalled.  See  ciicular^.  ,-ith  teMimonial, 
from  many  of  the  leading  eardeners  on  its  bth  lif.  Sold  by  most 
of  the  leading  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  aid  Gaiden  Manure 
Manu'acturers.  in  tins-per  pit.t,  ir.  (}<i.  ;  q  lart.  sr.  9^.  ;  half 
gallon,  5J.  :  gallon,  oj.     Uiieitions  for  u^e  w  tS  each  fn. 

Wholesale,;.  W.  COOKE.  Market  P.ace  «  inslo.d.  Cheshire; 
also  Messrs.  USMANandCO..  15,  Windsor  Street.  Bishopgata, 
London.  E.C  :  and  COKRY,  SUPER,  FOWLER  iiND  CO., 
18,  Finsbury  Street,  E.C. 

Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure, 

AfANUFACTURED    SOLELY  AT    C LOl'ENFORDS. 


For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 

WILLIAM     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,   by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen   and    Seedsmen. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  aesini^t  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fiy,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  a>  winter  dressing  (or  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  lo 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  \s.,  y.,  and  icj.  tid. 

GISHl>RSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,    bd-    and    ij.,    from  the    Trade. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST.  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


Under  tbe  Patronage  of  tbe  Queen. 
SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

STRATFORD    LABELS. 


'  Magazine  says  : — "  We  must  give  these  tht 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  tirst  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  LI^ls  free. 
J.  SMITH,  The  Royal  Label  Ka,:tn.y,  .Stratfnrd-on-Avon. 

ARDEN    REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Co-It.     Raffii    Mats.     Bambio     Cane<,     Rustic 
Work,   Manu,es.  &c.      (.heanc-l  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  -1.,  laindon.  E.C. 


H 


OU  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S   IlLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Pre<ervinB  lTr.nwo  k.  ^^'o^d,  or  Stone. 
yRef.hte->ed   T'.t.'f  A/.trk) 


ThisVARN.ISH  is  an  excellent  suhsiitute  (or  oil  pamt  on 
all  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introductd  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  ihe  Aaveriisers.  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labDurer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  U'cd  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
hundreds  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  receiveH. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  50  gallons  each,  at  is.  64  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  u  Zd-  per  gallon  carnage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom, 


Uns. 


1  Tes 


"  Fiercefiela  Park, 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  to  your  adore* 
to  be  filled  and  returned  with  as  good  ' 
had,  which  I  candidly  admit  was  the  best 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow.- 
^pec^fullv.  Wm.  Cox". 

c.*""" —    " 

Cusi 


have  this  day 
k  varnish  ca«.k. 
as  ihs  last  we 
r  had.   A-idress 

Sirs,  yours  re- 

L  their 


adv 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  appUcatlon.        ILLUSTRATED  GATALOOUB  is.  each. 


H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  has  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
of  the  large  estates  in  the  kingdom  for  upwards  of  thirty  years: 
and  ihtir  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  siamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  ca-k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  geimine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fenct.g  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates   &C.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Btierley  HiU  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  : 
118,  Queen  Viaoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elmbank 
I    Street,  Glasgow. 


742 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(December  12,  1885. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &^C0.,  SLEAFORD. 

SPECIALTIES    FOR    1885-6. 


SHARPENS    SIR    F.    A,    MILBANK    PEA. 

This,  the  latest  of  Mr.  Culverwell's  many  excellent  introductions,  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow 
much  of  the  Paragon  type  io  habit  and  growth,  but  eirlier.  and  differing  in  b;ing  of  a  beau'.iful 
dark  grass-green  colour,  and  even  more  prolific  than  thit  celebrated  variety;  the  pods  are 
produced  in  abundance,  ate  Urge,  square,  and  closely  filled  wiih  the  extra  la-ge  dark  gresn  Peas, 
so  closely  picked  that  it  would  appear  when  opened  as  if  the  pods  could  scarcely  have  contamed 
them.  The  flavour  is  all  that  c^utd  be  desired  by  the  mast  fastidious  cinnoiiieur,  and  in  every 
respect  it  is  a  variety  that  wc  can  with  th«  greatest  cDnfidence  recommend,  ei 
or  table  purposes.  It  is  robust  and  hardy  in  constitution,  and  may  be  sown 
Garden  purposes  it  cmnot  fail  to  prove  a  great  acquisition. 

Price  2s.  per  (Juarier  Pmt  sealed  packet. 


triy  ;  for  Market 


SHARPENS    TRIUMPH    PEA. 


Triumph  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  many  fi 
public  It  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  Pea  of  exq 
curved,  and  are  well  filled  with  large 
dense  and  bushy,  attaining  a  height 
ground  to  the  extreme  top  of  the  h. 
counted,  containing  from  mne  to  ek 
clusters  of  tw  " 


nd. 


__  jS  robust  jnd    hardy  . 

perfection  of    Peas  for  either  the  Market  Gardi 
ordinary  use. 


esMr.  Culverwell  has  g 
/our  ;  the  pods  are  large,  very  much 
losely  packed  in  the  pod.  The  habit  is  good,  being 
2  to  3  feet.  The  plant  is  covered  with  poJs  from  the 
m  On  one  plant  no  less  than  sixty-nine  pods  have  been 
1  Peas  in  a  pod.  The  pods  are  of  a  bright  green,  in 
ly  affected  by  drought,  remaining  green  for  a  long  time. 


/ithou 


the  Pri 


and  well  filled,  fli 

rithei  for  quality  or  produci 

heivier  Lropper  th  in  that  si 


t  White  Wrinkled  Marro*  hii-ht  a  to  2'.<  feit  ;  p^ds  in  pairs,  long,  vfai^ht, 
sa  Second  Early  Wrinkled  Pea  there  is  nohing  to  equal  this 
It  is  a  few  days  lattKi ban  the  Piince  ol  Wales,  but  is  a  much 
d  for  Market  Garden  purposes  very  far  superior  to  tt. 


THE    EARLIEST    OF    ALL    P0TAT03. 
SHARPE'S    VICTOR. 

Sharpe's  Victor  is  a  seedling  raised  from  the  Alma  Kidney  and  the  old  early  short-top  round 
Potato.  It  is  earlier  than  any  present  variety,  and  having  a  very  short  top.  it  it  especially  suitable 
for  frame  cultivation  ;  its  precocity  is  sich  that  it  can  be  had  fit  for  the  tabi;  in  eight  weeks  from 
the  time  of  planting,  and  there  is  no  difficulty  in  securing  new  Potatos  for  the  table  every  diy  in 
the  year,  Victor  is  a  fJittened  roundish  oval  in  shape,  with  a  beau  iful  c!ear  skin,  and  extremely 
shallow  eyes,  being  one  of  the  handsomest  as  well  as  the  heaviest  croppers  of  any  variety  adapted 
for  Framework,  oi  for  a  first  early  crop  outdoors.  It  is  dry  and  mealy  when  cooked,  and  the  tlivour 
and  the  quality  of  the  flesh  are  superior  to  nearly  every  other  variety  at  oresent  in  use.  Another 
season's  trial  has  fully  confirmed  all  that  has  been  said  in  favour  of  the  Victor  Potato.  It  is  proved 
to  bs  the  earliest,  most  prolific,  and  best  flavoured  of  all  the  early  Potatos  ;  and  for  Pot  Culture 
it  is  unrivalled. 


he 


Price  zs.  per  Half-pint  sealed  packet. 

SHARPENS  EARLY  PARAGON  PEA. 

FIR3TCL\S3    CERTIFICATE,    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY,    rSS4 
Chiswick  Report,    1884,  accompanied  with    First-class  Certificate  :—"  PARAGOM— A  very 
fins  Second  Early  Variety,  and  of  good  q.tality.     Pods  large,  and  well  filled." 

Price  2s.  per  Pint  Packet^  \s.  per  Half-pint  Packet 

PARAGON,  one  of  Mr.  Culverwell's  Vecent  introduclisas,  shows  in  many  resoects  a  great 
improvement  upon  any  variety  at  p:e<;ent  in  the  trade.  It  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  of  fine 
flivour;  height  from  4  to  5  fieet.  The  pods  are  produced  two  and  three  together  in  such  abundance 
as  to  almost  conceal  the  f  jli3g^.  Th?y  are  of  an  unu>ml  size,  btoad  and  ihick-'Dacked,  onlaining 
from  twelve  to  fourteen  large  Peas. 

PARAGOM  is  the  eatliest  of  the  large  Wrinkhd  Marrows,  being  ready  before  Priz-taker  ;  in 
fact  in  the  Gardens  at  Thorpe  Perrow  it  wa>  gathered  at  the  same  time  as  Williiitn  ih-  First  ;  it  is 
very  hardy,  and  will  stand  earlier  sowing  than  any  Pea  ot  its  class.  It  is  most  valuable  for 
succession  crops  as  it  is  not  liable  to  m  Idew,  and  a  constant  supply  of  Peas  for  four  months  can  be 
obtained  from  this  one  variety. 


SHARPE'S    WHITE    PROLIFIC    MARROW. 

Price  2s.  6d.  per  Ouzrt. 


VICTOR.— Ch  A 

tnting  in  Pots  or  F 


;  Shv 


Price  Zd.  per  Pound. 


CUCUMBER-SHARPENS    EPICUREAN. 

CUCUMBERS  ALL  THE  Y^EAR  ROUND. 
This,  the  perfection  of  Frame  Cucumbers,  is  a  cross  between  Telegraph  and  Tender  and  True  ; 
in  form  it  has  a  resemblance  to  Telegragh,  but  is  of  a  darker  green  and  much  longer— fruit  31 
inches  in  length  having  been  cut  from  it.  It  is  crisp  and  juicy,  and  in  flivjur  it  is  superior  to 
Tender  and  True,  but  it;  chief  recommendation  is  its  marvellous  productivenes.s,  in  which  it  excels 
everything  that  has  come  under  our  notice,  as  many  as  300  and  40^  fruit  having  been  cut  from 
twelve  plants,  in  a  3-Ught  pit.  3  quarter  .^pao.  For  succession  it  is  unequalled  bearing  are 
abundantly  at  Christmas  as  Midsummer — and  in  addition  to  its  handsome  form  a^d  lovely  colour, 
it  is  a  variety  that  seldom  produces  seed,  no:  one  in  a  hundred  containing  a  trace. 

Price  2s.  6  f.  pet  Packet. 
SHARPE'S    NEW    TOMATO,     'ECLIPSE.'* 

eedling  raised  from  the  celebrated  Nisbet's  Victoria  Tumito.     The  fruit. 

trge  bunches  of  ten  or  twelve,  is  more  thin  three  times  ths  siie  of  the 
Victoria, '  The  bunches  aie  produced  at  every  joint,  as  in  the  parent  type,  and  ihi  plant  requires 
very  tittle  stopping.  The  fruit  is  oval  in  form,  of  a  rich  cherry-red  cjlour,  and  the  flavour  is  as 
exquisite  as  ihit  o?  thi  Victoria.  Eclipse  is,  without  hesitation,  the  most  prolific  Tomato  in 
cultivation.  The  immense  banches  of  richly-c  )bnred  fruit,  when  seen  trained  to  a  south  wall 
and  well  grown,  present  a  sight  such  as  no  other  Tomato  can  equal. 

Pricc^  Packets,  is,  6d.  each. 
THE    POMEGRANATE    TOMATO. 

in  the  Tomato  ever  submiucd  to  the  Trade.  Th- 
ooili ;  of  a  deep  pink  suHused  with  violet,  the  beautiful 
shade  of  colour  being  almost  impossible  to  describe  ;  the  flesh  isfi<m.of  aa  exijiisite  flivour, 
with  very  little  seed,  and  of  a  deep  rich  crimson,  very  closely  resembling  the  iuicrior  of  a  ripe 
Pomegranate.  It  is  very  prolific,  the  fruit  being  produced  in  buncries  at  every  j.iint,  and  it  is 
equally  adapted  for  Outdoor  or  Frame  cultivation.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it" 
as  a  great  advance  upon  any  of  the  large  kinds  of  Tomato. 

Price  J  is.  per  Packet. 


TRADE   PRICE  and   SPECIAL   LIST  of  NOVELTIES  for   1885  and   1886, 


POST-FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 


CHARLES     SHARPE     &    CO.,      SLEAFORD. 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 


LiC      ENGINbERS, 

WHITEFR'ARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G. 


THE    IMPROVED 

sefi  1  Self  It    g  An    1   ti  =;   wl 


SELF-ACTING 

1         rks   hvnnin  t,lt  1 


HYDRAULIC    RAM 

it  o  t  I    ed  11,  Tit  nt  on   w  11  n         t 
«"?  iicijjiii  ui  uisiantc  wiuiuiu  coil  lor  laDour  or  mouve-power,  wnere  a  tew  leet  mil  can  Be  oDlameu,  ana  i 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 

No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  si^es,  in  Oak  ( 


■Gal' 


No.  S4i^,   THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  ol  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 
No.  39^, 


sed  Iron  Tubs. 

as   designed   for    the 


No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,' Hand"  Steam,  or  other  Power. 

No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIG.\TORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  01 

Steam  Power. 
No.  46,7.   IMPROVED    DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49,!.  GALVANISED  SWING  W.-^TER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  54,7.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  mth  Flexible  SucUon, 

S.  OWF.NS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hvdraulic  and  General  Enoineers'  Work  for  Mansions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
^,tJ.^\^^^B:h  WARMING  APPARATUS,  B.\THS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  G.'i.SWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,   HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particular!  taken  in  any  part  ct  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimate!  furnished. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


December  12,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


743 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  l.ijge  and  select  stock  is  now  olTtrred  for  Sale. 
The  Iihtstraled  and  Deicrifitive  CA  TALOGUF.  of  F R  UITS 

fOitflM. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


FRUIT.  FRUIT.  FRUIT. 

SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE, 
A  PPLES,PEARS,PLUMS,CHERRIES. 

^i-  —All  ihe  fuicrt  varieiie5.  — Pyramids,  Qf.  and  i2i   per 

dozen  :    Standards,    \-zs.   per   dozen  ;    Dwarf-trained, 

i5[.  and  \Zs.  per  dozin. 
CURRANTS.— Etack,    Red,  White,   izr.   per  iod,  2r.  and 

■2S.  td  per  dozen. 
RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,    lay.  per   iod  ;  Norlhumber- 

land  Fillbaskct,  6.s.  per  loo. 
GOOSEBERRIES.  15J.  and  20J.  per  ico,  -ss.  (,i.  and  3*. 

STR  A  WBERRI ES.— All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Strong 
ruGneis,  21.  6d.  per  100  :  in  aj^-mch  pots,  10.*.  per  100: 
ill  5-inch  pots,  for  fcrcing  25^  per  100;  Laxton's 
New  King  of  fcarlies  and  '1  he  Captain,  2s   per  dozen 

ROSES.      ROSES. 

See  our  New  Catnh-ue. 
The  finest  H.P.  varieties,  6.1  per  dozen,  40J.  per  iod. 
Tea  scented  and  Noisettes.  155  per  dozen  ;  loos   per  100. 
Beautiful  Mosses,  6s.  per  dozen 

Clinbing  varieii;s.  for  Rockeries,  Arbours,  &c.,  6s.  p   doz. 
The  above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  and 
fl  >wer  much  better  ihaa    Roses  grown   in  a   good  climate 
and  rich  soil. 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL  and  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMESICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  prices.     See  New  Catalogue. 

OUTDOOB    FLOWERS  in   SPBINa. 

AISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinsle  PRIMEOSKS,  in  variety  of 
colours;  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  gV.  per  dozen.  4s.  and  5s.  per  100.  PAN. 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (col-jurs  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALYSSUM.  SILENE  COMPACTA.  AUBRIE- 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  u-  61.  per  dozen,  St.  per  100  ; 
or,  500  asssorted  Spring'nk)wering  Plants  for  i-js.  6d., 


D 


)for 


.  6d. 


HEP.ITICAS.   Blue  and  Red;    Double    PRIMROSES, 

Sulphur,  3J.  6i.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


BEAUTIFUL  FL0WEB3  for  GABDENS. 

POTENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 

J-  DELPHINIUMS.-Lovely  hardy  fl  jwers  for  cutting 
or  garden  bloom,  named,  5s.  per  dozen. 

SPLENDID  PHLOXES,  PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 
PANSIES,  in  the  finest  varieties,  31.  61/.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.-The  most  showy 
sorts,  3J   per  dozen,  2ts   per  ico. 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.-Good  exhibition  sorts. 
6s.  per  dozen  plants  ;  fine  Clove  and  Border  Self 
varieties,  45.  per  dozen — all  from  layers. 

LI  LIES.— Candidum,  Orange,  and  Tiger  Lilies,  y.  per  doz. 

VV.M.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 

A    GAY    CONSEBVATOBY. 

[NERARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

CALCEOLARIAS,  is.  fid.  per  doztn,  from  stores, 
our  own  fine  strains. 
BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARNATIONS,    DEUTZIA 
GRACILIS. — In  pots  for  early   blooming,  6j.,  or., 

spira;a  japonica,  dielytra  spectabilis.- 

Fine  clumps,  jr.  per  dozen. 
A;^ALEAS.— Ghent,   mollis,  pcntica,  or    indica.   all  with 

buds,  fur  forcing,  i8j.,  24^.,  and  30J.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrin<;hain. 


c 


QEE  our  NEW    CATALOGUE  for  this 

O  Autumn  for  M  -derate  Prices  of  all  BULBS.  PLANTS, 
or  TREES  you  want  for  In  or  Outdoor  Gardening  ;  also  fur 
CUT  FLOWERS,  WREATHS,  CROSSES,  BOU- 
QUETS, &c.     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  rail. 


WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    KARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


f"" 


KENT;  the  GARDEN  of  ENGLAND. 


GEORQEBUNYARD&CO,'S 

CELEBRA  TED 
FRUIT  TREE  NURSERIES, 

MAIDSTONE, 

OITcr  to  Purch.asers  the  advantage  of  a  choice 
from  a  Stock  of  400,000  well-grown,  fully 
ripened,  and  carefully  and  scientitically  trained 
trees,  which  life  with  such  remarkable  roots  that 
they  are  s\^iiable  for  all  soils  and  positions. 

Consliiered  by  compstent  judges  the  finest  general 
stock  In  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees 

IN  ALL  FORMS, 
For  the  tJrchard,  Market  Plantation,  Walled 
or  Villa  Garden,  Prepared  for  Standards,  Rider 
Trained,  Dwarf  Fan,  Espalier  or  Horizontal 
Trained,  Pyramidal,  Double  or  Single  Cordons. 
All  Trees  on  the  most  congenial  Stock. 


Thousands  of  Fruit-bearing  Trees. 

Also  Orchard-house  Stuff  iti  pots, 
Ei(^s,  Vines,  &c. 

Large  Exhibitors  and  Prizetakers  at  the 
Crystal  Palace,  Exeter,  and  London  Shows,  the 
great  Apple  Congress,  and  the  Pear  Conference. 
Winners  of  the  Ch.anipion  Prize  for  Apples  at 
the  "  Inventories." 


APPLE,   LADY  SUDELEY,  First-class  Cer- 

tific.te.    Rr.yal     Horticultural    Society    and    Royal 
Scott  sh  Hor.icu'tural. 

„     HIGH    CANONS,  First-class  Certificate, 

Royal  Hir.icuhural  Society. 

„     GOSPATRIC  (fine  at  the  Congress). 

Circulars  w;th  Testimonials,  post-free. 

The  above  Nau  and  First-ckus  Apples  will  be  sent  out  by 

G.  B.  &■  Co.  this  November,  for  the  first  time. 


ACRES    OF    ROSES, 

8HBUBS,  CONIFEBS  and  PABK  TBEES. 


CATALOGUES    GRATIS. 


Frequent  trains  on  the  Chatham  and  Dover  (Victoria). 

or  South-Eastern  [Cannon  Street)  Railways, 
An  Inspection  is  solicited  from  all  Lovers  of  Horticulture, 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    12,    1885. 


ESTABLISHED    1796. 


LONGLEAT. 

THIS  beautiful  place,  the  seat  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Bath,  is  situated  on  the  confines  of 
Wiltshire  and  Somerset ;  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  grounds  are  within  the  latter  county, 
whilst  the  house  stands  in  Wiltshire.  The 
principal  entrance  lays  southwards,  from  which 
direction  the  road  leads  through  the  pretty 
village  of  Horningsham,  after  leaving  which  it 
enters  the  park,  where  there  is  a  lodge  about  a 
mile  distant  from  the  mansion,  to  which,  from 
this  point  the  drive  is  in  a  straight  line  through 
an  avenue  of  majestic  old  Elms,  part  of  which 
in  different  places  a  long  time  ago  were  unhap- 
pily removed  ;  more  recently  these  gaps  have 
been  filled  up  with  young  trees  that  are  thriving 
satisfactorily,  but,  needless  to  say,  the  requisite 
uniformity  o(  growth  and  size  so  essential  in 
the  trees  composing  an  avenue  is  wanting. 
Avenues  sometimes  exist  where  their  absence 
would  have  been  preferable,  either  through 
their  being  out  of  keeping  with  the  sur- 
roundings, or  by  mistakes  in  the  planting ; 
but  here  the  avenue  is  not  only  quite  in 
character  with  the  place,  but  the  judgment  has 
been  correct  in  allowing  enough  greensward 
between  the  road  and  the  trees  proportionate  to 
the  extent  and  importance  of  the  place.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  when,  and  by 
whom  the  Longleat  avenue  was  originally 
planted,  lie  this  as  it  may,  this  old  avenue 
forms  a  fitting  approach  to  the  palatial  mansion 
to  which  it  leads.  A  sight  of  the  building  as  it 
is  approached  conveys  the  idea  that  whoever 
chose  the  site  had  an  eye  to  the  comfort  a 
sheltered  position  afifords,  to  which  none  appear 
to  have  been  more  alive  than  the  religious 
communities  of  old,  who  seldom  made  any 
mistake  in  the  positions  which  they  selected  for 
their  habitations.  Seen  from  the  ditferent 
roads  by  which  it  is  reached  the  house  has  the 
appearance  of  standing  in  a  land-locked  valley, 
yet  the  space  immediately  surrounding  it  is 
sufficient  in  extent,  before  the  ascent  in  each 
direction  begins,  to  prevent  a  feeling  of  too 
much  confinement.  A  priory  of  Augustinians, 
founded  .about  1270,  occupied  the  spot  where 
the  mansion  now  stands  ;  after  an  existence  of 
some  250  years  it  vVas  dissolved,  and  in  1540 
was  bought  by  Sir  John  Thynne. 

From  an  interesting  account  of  Longleat  by 
the  Rev.  J.  E.  Jackson,  rector  of  Leigh  Dela- 
lui-ie,  it  appears  that  the  present  building  was 
begun  by  Sir  John  Thynne  in  156S  ;  operations 
were  continued  for  about  ten  years  ;  he  died  in 
15S0,  at  which  time  it  would  seem  most  of  the 
external  work  was  completed,  but  only  part  of 
the  interior,  which  was  finished  by  his  succes- 
sors. It  is  a  noble  structure,  partaking  mostly 
of  the  Italian  style,  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
accompanying  illustration,  and  is  in  excellent 
preservation,  having  well  withstood  the  long 
wear  of  the  300  years  that  have  elapsed  since 
its  substantial  walls  were  raised.  The  dimen- 
sions are  220  feet  long  by  180  deep— a  large 
building,  but  by  no  means  too  large  to  accom- 
modate the  numbers  that  on  several  occasions 
have  been  gathered  under  its  roof  Soon  after 
it  was  built  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  the  place  ; 


744 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  1885. 


Charles  11.  was  there— each,  no  doubt,  following 
the  fashion  of  the  times,  would  have  a  host  of 
retainers.  George  III.,  accompanied  by  several 
of  his  family,  came  to  Longleat  in  17S9,  at 
which  time  it  is  said  that  125  people  slept 
there  ;  on  the  two  days  of  his  stay  an  extraor- 
dinary amount  of  feasting  went  on.  In 
iSSi  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  and 
suite  spent  the  greater  part  of  a  week 
here,  during  which  a  ball  was  given  in  the 
great  hall,  at  which  600  guests  assembled.  In 
18S3  there  were  three  weeks' rejoicings  at  Long- 
leat to  commemorate  the  coming  of  age  of 
Viscount  Weymouth,  eldest  son  of  the  Marquis 
of  Bath.  These  were  brought  to  a  close  by  a 
day  of  amusements  in  the  park,  with  a  luncheon 
of  which  over  1 100  friends  of  the  family  and 
tenants  on  the  estate  partook.  In  the  evening 
huge  bonfires  on  the  hills  in  the  surrounding 
neighbourhood  and  fireworks  in  ihe  grounds 
brought  to  a  conclusion  a  series  of  festivities 
on  a  scale  such  as  is  seldom  carried  out. 

The  grounds  are 'in  keeping  with  the  style 
and  extent  of  the  mansion.  The  whole  extent 
enclosed  is  some  16  miles  round  ;  this  includes 
about  5000  acres  of  woods,  which  mostly  occupy 
the  high  surroundmg  land,  more  especially  on 
the  eastern  side.  Within  the  grounds  there  are 
16  miles  of  private  roads.  The  great  extent  of 
surface  occupied  by  the  woods  might  lead  any 
one  who  has  not  seen  the  place  to  suppose  that 
there  was  a  deficiency  of  open  space,  but  this 
is  far  from  being  so — long,  broad,  irregular 
expanses  of  grass  meet  the  eye  at  every  turn, 
the  groves  and  groups  of  fine  old  trees  that 
have  reached  maturity,  and  also  those  of  less 
age,  have  been  well  placed  with  a  view  to  effect. 
As  might  be  expected  in  an  old  place  of  this 
character.  Elm,  Oak,  Ash,  Beech,  Lime,  and 
Sweet  Chestnut,  predominate  in  the  positions 
of  most  importance,  and  I'rom  the  proportions 
they  attain  evidently  like  the  soil  ;  but  most  of 
the  hardy  deciduous,  as  well  as  evergreen  trees, 
do  well. 

One  of  the  features  of  the  place  are  the 
extensive  sheets  of  water,  five  in  number,  suc- 
ceeding each  other  in  irregular  line  ;  these  have 
been  formed  by  damming  at  intervals  the 
stream  which  follows  the  course  of  the  \  .illey 
from  south  to  north  on  the  eastern  side  at  some 
distance  from  the  mansion  ;  the  largest  of 
these  — that  which  is  opposite  the  building— is 
some  hall  mile  in  length.  On  this  side  the 
lawn,  which  occupies  the  intervening  space 
between  the  house  and  the  water,  descends 
considerably  ;  there  is  here  a  large  flower 
garden  very  effectively  planted  with  the  usual 
kinds  of  summer  bedding  plants  ;  in  addition 
to  this  there  are  a  number  of  large  beds  dis- 
persed over  this  part  of  the  grounds  similaily 
filled,  which,  combined  with  the  flower  garden, 
have  a  gay  appearance.  By  the  side  o(  a  long 
walk  running  northwards  from  the  east  front  of 
the  house  there  is  a  border  bright  with  blooming 
plants. 

On  the  north  front  there  is  a  space  of  grass, 
interspersed  with  shrubs,  and  beyond  this  a 
large  garden  arranged  in  the  old  Dutch  fashion, 
filled  with  evergreens  in  rows,  consisting  princi- 
pally of  Yew,  Box,  Berberis  Darwinii,  Holly, 
Cotoneaster,  and  the  like,  with  narrow  gravel 
paths  between  and  grass  verges.  The  shrubs 
are  kept  closely  clipped  to  about  a  foot  in 
height,  and  the  whole  is  as  angular  and  foimal 
as  this  terribly  unnatural  style  of  gardening 
demands.  At  all  events  it  serves  as  a  living 
illustration  of  the  fashion  prevalent  200  years 
ago,  about  which  time  this  garden  seems  to 
have  been  made.  Northwards  from  this  stands 
the  Orangery,  now  principally  filled  with 
Camellias.  Near  here  is  a  lawn-tennis  ground  ; 
the  spot  for  this  is  well  chosen,  as  here  there  is 
an  absence  of  the  dissight  that  a  dead  level 
space  in  a  conspicuous  position  on  a  lawn  often 
produces.  Further  in  this  direction  a  walk 
follows   the  side  of  the  water,  wherein   is   an 


island  occupied  by  tall  trees,  in  which  a  colony 
of  herons  liuild.  Retraversing  this  walk,  one 
cannot  fail  to  notice  the  beauty  of  the  rising 
slope  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  water,  stretch- 
ing for  a  long  distance  past  the  mansion,  with 
its  broad  expanse  of  grass  relieved  here  and 
there  by  groups  of  trees,  and  backed  by  the 
dense  woods  that  clothe  the  summit  of  the 
ridge,  giving  shelter  from  the  eastern  blast— an 
essential  that  it  behoves  the  planter  not  to  lose 
sight  of 

To  the  right  of  the  entrance  front  of  the 
building,  at  a  short  distance  away,  a  walk  com- 
mences that  leads  through  the  pleasure-grounds, 
which  run  in  a  southern  direction  ;  here,  asso- 
ciated with  deciduous  kinds  of  trees,  are  num- 
bers of  the  best  Conifers,  that  have  attained  a 
goodly  size.  Amongst  these  may  be  named  Cu- 
pressus  macrocarpa,  nearly  50  feet  high  ;  Taxo- 
dium  sempervirens,  60  feet  ;  T.  distichum,  over 
60  leet ;  Abies  Menziesii,  60  feet;  Salisbuiia 
adiantifolia,  65  feet  ;  Dacrydium  Franklini, 
30  feet.  In  the  high  woods  adjoining,  west- 
wards, there  are  numbers  of  Silver  Firs  that  run 
from  1 15  to  125  feet  high,  magnificent  trees  with 
massive  trunks  and  still  in  a  thriving  condition. 
In  many  parts  of  the  grounds  there  are  trees  of 
unusual  size,  noticeable  amongst  which  are 
Liriodendron  tulipiferum  I'the  Tulip  tree),  the 
largest  of  which  are  nearly  103  feet  in  height  ; 
Oak,  girthing  24  feet  at  4  feet  from  the  ground  ; 
Kim,  120  feet  high,  girth  26  feet  at  4  feet  from 
the  ground  ;  and  many  others  only  a  little  less 
than  those  named  are  in  a  healthy  thriving 
state,  and  to  all  appearance  are  likely  to  keep 
on  growing  for  an  indefinite  time. 

The  natural  formation  of  the  land,  with  its 
undulating  surface,  has  done  no  little  in  making 
the  work  of  the  planter  so  successful  here  ;  this 
is  not  alone  perceptible  in  the  grounds  in 
immediate  proximity  to  the  dwelling,  but  also 
in  the  more  outlying  parts,  which  are  equally 
deserving  of  notice.  Especially  is  this  so  in  the 
eastward  direction,  which  is  reached  by  the 
road  that  leads  from  the  entrance  lodge  already 
mentioned,  through  the  village  of  Homings- 
ham,  which,  by  the  way,  demands  a  few  words. 
It  is  somewhat  extensive,  the  houses  being 
picturesquely  scattered  on  each  side  of  the  road 
for  about  a  mile.  Some  of  the  roofs  are 
thatched.  The  whole  present  a  neat  appear- 
ance, such  as  is  rarely  met  with.  This  in  no 
little  degree  is  owing  to  the  way  that  they  are 
covered  with  climbing  plants,  consisting  of  Ivy, 
Escallonia  macrantha,  Cotoneaster;,  Roses, 
Clematis,  Honeysuckle,  and  the  like,  which 
clothe  the  walls  so  as  scarcely  to  leave  a  bit 
visible.  The  uniformly  beautiful  condition 
these  present  is  in  no  little  owing  to  the  interest 
which  the  Marquis  takes  in  their  appearance, 
and  who  provides  the  labour  to  keep  the  plants 
in  order. 

After  passing  the  village  the  road  bears  to 
the  left  northwards,  traversing  the  wooded 
ridge  in  the  direction  of  Warminster  ;  the  trees 
are  not,  as  usually  seen,  in  an  unbroken  line 
flanking  the  road,  but  in  many  places  are  sufii- 
ciently  far  away  to  leave  room  for  flowering 
plants  such  as  Cotoneaster  Simonsii,  Deutzia 
crenata,  Spiraeas  of  sorts,  and  similar  things 
planted  in  masses,  each  kind  separately,  with 
masi  >s  of  red  Dogwood  and  Pampas  -  grass 
introduced  amongst  them.  At  some  distance 
in  this  direction  there  is  one  of  the  many  di- 
vergent roads  ihat  leads  to  the  various  points 
of  interest  within  the  grounds  :  that  to  the  west 
from  this  point  leads  to  Heaven's  Gate,  where 
the  finest  view  of  the  place,  as  well  as  the 
country  westwards,  presents  itself  Here,  from 
an  open  space  in  the  wood,  high  up  as  from  the 
vantage  point  of  an  amphitheatre,  the  panorama 
of  Longleat  at  once  breaks  on  the  eye,  whilst  in 
the  far  distance  may  be  seen  the  tower  on  the 
Mendip  Hill  and  Amerdown  Park  the  seat  of 
Lord  Hylton. 
Returning  to  the  Warminster  Road,  the  drive 


is  flanked  right  and  left  by  dense  masses  of 
Rhododendrons  and  other  flowering  shrubs, 
with  quantities  of  the  best  kinds  of  Conifers, 
young  trees,  growing  freely.  Again,  reaching 
the  main  road,  there  is  another  that  leads  from 
it  at  right  angles  to  Sherwater.  Here  the 
descent  is  rapid,  through  immense  breadths  of 
old  woods  on  each  side,  principally  Oak  and 
Beech 

Furth:r  on,  entering  the  valley,  which  here 
runs  eastwards,  the  character  of  the  planting  is 
quite  different  ;  broad  stretches  of  bilver  Firs 
and  old  Scotch  Firs  occupy  the  higher  portions 
of  the  slopes,  whilst  quantities  of  the  newer 
kinds  of  Conifers  are  on  the  lower  ground. 
These  consist  of  Cedrus  Deodira,  Cryptomeria 
japonica,  Thuiopsis  borealis,  Wellingtonias,  &c. 
These  are  growing  like  Willows  in  the  bottom 
of  the  valley,  where  soil  and  shelter  alike  suit 
them.  Still  further  in  this  direction  is  Shere- 
water,  a  piece  of  water  some  40  acres  in  extent, 
which  has  been  formed  by  constructing  a  dam 
across  the  valley  through  which  runs  a  stream, 
the  water  of  which  is  thus  held.  It  is  a  favour- 
ite place  with  tourists,  who,  by  permission,  are 
allowed  the  use  of  the  boats  kept  on  this  minia- 
ture lake.  Near  at  hand  is  the  village  of 
Crockerton,  passing  through  which  and  turn- 
ing to  the  left  the  way  leads  back  westwards 
through  an  extensive  tract  of  woodland,  until 
it  again  joins  the  Warminster  Road,  where,  some 
distance  further  northwards  there  is  another 
entrance  to  the  park  at  about  z\  miles  from 
the  house.  Entering  at  this  point  the  road 
in  places  has  a  steep  descent.  Here  again 
the  views  that  keep  on  continually  pre- 
senting themselves  are  alike  beautiful  and 
varied  ;  wide  open  glades  stretch  out  in 
different  directions,  with  fine  trees  grouped  in 
masses, suchas  their  respective  positions  happen 
to  require  :  the  road  thus  continues  until  it 
reaches  the  mansion.  Another  road  from 
Frome,  which  is  some  half  dozen  miles  distant, 
enters  the  park  on  the  western  side,  and  con- 
tinues until  it  joins  the  others  near  the  house. 

The  Fruit  Houses. 

Few  places  can  boast  of  such  Grapes  as  are 
now  grown  at  Longleat.  The  principal  range 
of  vineries  is  span-roofed,  in  three  divisions  ;  the 
first  of  these,  commencing  at  the  northern  end, 
is  between  50  and  60  feet  long,  by  jo  feet  wide  ; 
it  is  filled  with  Black  Hambuighs  carried  this 
season  an  immense  crop  of  Iruit,  beautifully 
finished,  the  bunches  coUeciively  very  much 
larger  than  usually  borne  by  \  ines  of  their  agi". 
(They,  like  those  in  the  two  other  compartments, 
have  been  planted  sixteen  years.)  Many  of  the 
bunches  would  run  from  6  to  7  lb.  The  central 
portion,  nearly  90  feet  long,  contains  four  Mus- 
cats, each  Vine  here  as  in  the  rest  of  the  range, 
occupying  much  more  space  than  is  generally 
given,  were  also  bearing  a  magnificent  crop 
fast  coming  to  maturity,  and  promising 
to  colour  well ;  the  bunches  were  very 
large,  not  a  few  would  reach  half-a-dozen 
pounds  each.  The  remaining  division  was  filled 
with  five  Vines,  two  Black  Alicante,  two  Lady 
Downe's,  and  one  Mrs.  Pince  ;  the  crop  they 
were  carrying  was  similar  to  that  in  the  first 
and  second  divisions,  and  quite  equal  to  them 
for  the  size  and  beautiful  finish  of  the  fruit. 
The  bunches  of  Lady  Downe's  were  larger  than 
one  often  meets  with,  and  so  even  as  to  show  that 
there  had  been  an  absence  of  scalding  to  which 
this  favourite  late  variety  is  so  liable.  The 
Alicantes  were  as  large  and  handsom.e  in  the 
bunch  as  this  handsome  Grape  is  when  well 
managed  ;  whilst  the  crop  of  Mrs.  Pmce  was 
unusually  well  finished,  the  berries  large,  black, 
and  even.  Mr.  Pratt  may  be  complimented  on 
having  in  this  range  a  crop  of  Grapes  such  as 
is  not  often  seen. 

In  a  range  of  old-fashioned  hip-roofed  houses, 
in  several  divisions,  the  first  is  filled  with 
Peaches,  the  earliest  forced.     Next  to  this  is 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


745 


the  earliest  vinery,  the  crop  of  which  had  been 
cleared  some  time.  The  adjoining  house  was 
filled  with  Melons  ;  this,  like  the  rest  of  the 
range,  is  about 40  feet  long,  yet  three  plants  occu- 
pied the  house.  Mr.  Pratt  gives  all  his  Melons 
much  more  room  than  many  growers  think 
necessary  ;  each  plant  is  in  a  brick  pit,  from  3  to 
4  feet  square  ;  in  this  way  they  keep  on  bear- 
ing all  through  the  season.  When  I  saw  them 
about  the  middle  of  August  they  were  carrying 
a  beautiful  lot  of  fruit.  The  sort  principally 
grown  is  one  of  Mr.  Pratt's  raising,  and  bears 
the  name  of  Longleat  Perfection  ;  it  is  a  cross 
between  Eastnor  Castle  and  Meredith's  Hybrid 
Cashmere,  and  is  a  fine  kind  in  every  way, 
a  free  bearer,  the  fruit  good-looking,  and  highly 


their  endurance  in  a  cut  state  being  not  the 
least  merit  they  possess. 

The  walls  are  extensive  and  covered  with  the 
usual  kinds  of  fruit  trees,  Pears  especially  were 
carrying  good  crops.  In  the  principal  division 
of  the  kitchen  garden  there  is  a  very  useful 
contrivance  for  preserving  bush  fruits  from  the 
birds.  A  border  against  a  north  wall,  some  80 
yards  long,  and  4  wide,  is  planted  with  Currants 
and  Gooseberries  ;  the  former  are  standards, 
there  are  three  rows  of  them,  and  three  of  Goose- 
berries, mostly  Red  Warrington  ;  on  the  wall 
are  Morello  Cherries.  The  whole  is  enclosed 
with  a  wooden  framework  consisting  of  light 
rafters  resting  on  posts  about  4  feet  high  in 
front,   ancj  on    the    wall   at    back :    over    this 


STYRAX    JAPONICUM. 

This  is  a  hardy  deciduous  shrub,  whose  appearance 
should  be  a  passport  to  public  favour,  and  yet  it  is 
very  little  known  even  in  nurseries.  We  have  spoken 
of  it  as  hardy  in  ordinary  winters,  how  it  would  be 
affected  by  such  phenomenal  winters  as  ushered  in 
the  present  decade  we  have  no  information.  The  bell- 
shaped  white  flowers,  loosely  arranged  in  panicles, 
give  the  shrub  a  very  elegant  appearance,  more  so 
Ihan  in  the  case  of  the  European  species,  S.  officinale, 
also  almost  banished  from  our  gardens.  The  nearly 
allied  Ilalesias  fare  no  better.  It  is  the  exception 
rather  than  the  rule,  to  meet  with  them  in  spite  of  their 
hardihood  and  their  beauty.  Styrax  officinale  formerly 
supplied  a  fragrant  resin  used  in  perfumery,  but  this  ' 
is  now  replaced  by  a  similar  substance  procured^from 


Fig.  166.— styrax  japonicum  :  hardy  shrub;  flowers  white. 


flavoured.  After  these  comes  the  second  Peach- 
house.     Another  house  is  devoted  to  Figs. 

Several  houses  are  filled  with  flowering  and 
fine-leaved  plants,  the  latter  consisting  of  large 
quantities  of  Caladium  argyrites,  Draccnas, 
Crotons,  Pandanus,  Palms,  Ferns,  and  the 
like,  mostly  small  stock,  best  suited  for  hall 
and  table  decoration.  One  house,  60  feet  long, 
is  occupied  by  Gardenias,  planted  out,  and 
Eucharis  amazonica,  of  which  there  is  a  fine 
stock  of  strong,  vigorous  plants. 

The  useful  Dendrobium  nobile  is  grown  in 
quantity,  and  so  are  the  red  and  the  yellow- 
eyed  varieties  of  Calanthe  vestita  and  C. 
Veitchii.  These  Calanthes  with  the  Dendro- 
biums  to  follow,  give  through  the  late  autumn 
and  winter  a  succession  of  flowers,  than  which 
there  are  few  more  beautiful  or  generally  useful, 


strong  galvanised  iron  wire  netting,  about  4-inch 
mesh,  is  permanently  fixed,  with  doors  and  ends 
of  the  same  material.  In  this  way  a  very  large 
quantity  of  fruit  is  secured  without  the  trouble 
entailed  by  the  use  of  the  ordinary  twine  nets, 
which,  to  cover  a  space  such  as  this,  would  give 
a  considerable  amount  of  labour  annually,  and 
which,  in  addition  to  the  wear  and  tear  of  nets, 
would  no  doubt  in  the  end  be  more  expensive 
than  a  durable  wire  enclosure. 

The  kitchen-garden  is  about  9  acres  in 
extent.  Hardy  fruit  and  vegetables,  like  the 
several  other  departments  of  gardening,  are 
well  managed,  collectively  giving  evidence  of 
the  skill  and  attention  brought  to  bear  on  their 
cultivation.   T.  B. 

[For  an  illustration  of  the  mansion  at  Long- 
leat, see  separate  Supplement.] 


Liquidambar  orientale,  and  called  by  the  same  name. 
For  the  specimen  from  which  our  figure  (fig.  166)  was 
taken  we  are  indebted  to  Messrs.  Veitch. 


A     PROLIFEROUS     NARCISSUS. 

In  that  curious  old  book,  Horti  farnesiani^  by 
Tobias  Aldinus,  published  at  Rome,  1625,  and  which 
contains  engravings  and  descriptions  of  certain  of  the 
rarer  plants  which  were  growing  in  the  Fainese 
Gardens  at  Rome,  is  an  excellent  engraving 
(p.  98)  of  Narcissus  chalcedonicus  proliferus.  It  is 
very  similar  to  pi.  xxxiv.  in  Burbidge's  Narcissus^  a 
double  Tazetta  or  Polyanthus  Narcissus,  with  the  very 
curious  peculiarity  of  each  flower  having  a  satellite 
flower  projecting  from  its  calyx,  as  in  the  Hen  and 
Chickens  Daisy  (only  that  each  hen  has  but  one 
chicken).     This  is  a  form  of  double  double  flowering 


746 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[DECEiMBER    12,    IS85. 


which  I  have  never  mel  with  in  my  experience,  and 
so  far  as  I  can  learn  it  has  not  been  noted  by  any 
writer  of  recent  years.  It  will  be  interesting  to  learn 
if  some  of  the  Urge  Dutch  Narcissus  growers  have 
ever  noticed  it. 

The  Latin  description,  freely  translated,  states  :  — 
"\Ve  know  ol  certain  plants  producing  proliferous 
flowers,  such  as  Bellis  proliferum,  Chaltam  (?), 
Ranunculus,  Anemone,  &c.  My  present  intention 
is  to  give  a  plate  of  Narcissus  calcedonicus,  proliferous 
to  the  extent  of  one  llower  only.  I  could  also  have 
shown  proliferous  (lowers  of  the  scented  purple-black 
Scabious,  which  flowered  with  us  three  years  ago,  but 
as  we  did  not  have  thtm  drawn,  it  must  suffice  to 
note  it.  But  a  flower  of  Narciisui  calcedonicus,  a 
picture  of  which  we  give,  does  not  vary  from  the 
others,  except  that  it  produces  another  little  flower 
from  the  inside  of  the  leaves  (sepals).  The  leaves 
and  the  bulbs  are  of  the  same  kind  as  the  others, 
amongst  which,  by  chance,  we  found  it,  and  as  the 
flower  is  rare,  we  wished  to  give  the  drawing  to  the 
curious."  IVm.  Brockbank,  Broeklmrst,  Dllshiiry. 


Saccolaeium  giganteum  [LiiiM.)  Petotianu.m. 
The  large,  very  rigid  flowers  are  of  the  poorest 
white.  I  have  never  seen  anything  like  it.  It 
comes  from  Cochin  China,  and  is  now  in  flower  with 
Mons.  Godefroy-Lebeuf,  of  Argenteuil.  It  is 
inscribed  to  Mons.  Petot,  one  of  the  most  enthu- 
siastic French  Orchidists  of  our  day.  H.  G.  Rchb.  /. 


NEPENTHES. 


Highly  specialised  plants,  or  those  with  peculiar 
adaptations,  fitting  them  for  unusual  conditions  of 
life,  command  the  attention  of  naturalists  of  all 
ages,  and  people  in  general,  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  their  singularity,  and  the  extent  to  which 
their  life  histories  are  known  as  well  as  their  special 
physiology.  We  are  so  accustomed  to  seeing  adapta- 
tions in  the  animal  world,  that  it  ceases  to  arrest  our 
attention,  and  we  are  apt  to  attribute  such  phenomena 
to  animals  alone.  As  science  progresses  and  knowledge 
gets  disseminated,  so  ate  we  able  to  obtain  correct 
views  of  Nature. 

The  genus  Nepenthes,  containing  over  thirty  well 
marked  species,  offers  a  specially  interesting  case, 
and  is  pre-eminently  adapted  for  observation,  for 
various  reasons.  In  addition  to  the  curiosity  attach- 
ing to  them  must  be  added  their  showiness  and  suit- 
ability for  garden  decorative  purposes  as  well  as  their 
amenability  to  cultivation.  Tneir  valueassubjects  for 
cultivation  depends  principally  upon  the  pitchers  ;  for 
although  the  flowers  are  more  or  less  showy,  the  size 
necessary  to  attain  a  flowering  condition  militates 
against  their  being  grown  to  such  dimensions,  except 
by  the  curious  or  those  with  plenty  of  space  at  com- 
mand, or  who  are  desirous  of  obtaining  seed.  Therefore 
it  will  be  evident,  that  variety  must  be  sought  in  the 
habit  of  the  plant  as  a  whole,  but  more  especially  in 
the  form  and  colour  of  the  pitchers.  Amongst  dis- 
tinct species  in  cultivation,  there  is  no  lack  of  diver- 
sity of  form,  but  an  examination  of  a  considerable 
number  of  garden  or  hybrid  varieties  reveals  a 
paucity  of  innovation,  inasmuch  as  the  progeny  in 
most  cases  is  traceable  to  a  few  original  species,  sii:h 
as  N.  Ralll;siana,  N.  distillatoiia,  and  N.  phyllam- 
phora.  The  first-named,  and  undoubtedly  the  most 
popular,  is  extremely  variable  in  a  state  of  Nature, 
and  together  with  its  well  marked  variety  N.  Hookeri, 
has  given  rise  by  hybridisation  to  Chelsoni,  Dominii, 
intermedia,  Outramiana,  Lawrenciana,  Williamsii, 
robusta,  and  several  others,  the  parentage  of  which 
is  traceable  by  th?  general  outline  assumed  by  the 
sorts  in  question. 

In  all  the  above-mentioned  hybrids,  excepting 
N.  robusta .; ,  the  form  most  assuredly  resembles 
K.  RjfH;siana  figured  in  the  Botanical  Ma!;azine,  t. 
4285,  and  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  vol.  ix.,  n.  s., 
p.  177.  This  form  it  will  be  observed  in  all  the 
pitchers  of  the  Io*er  part  of  the  plant,  is  pouch-shaped, 
and  tapers  gradually  from  a  wide  bottom  to  the 
orifice  without  any  contraction  in  the  middle  above  a 
bulging  base,  observable  in  N.  distillatoria,  N. 
Khasiana,  and  N.  phyllamphor.i,  frequently  employed 
by  hybridist-^.  The  shape  of  both  types  specified  will 
be  found  on  examination  to  bear  a  definite  relation  to 
the  space  occupied  by  the  secreting  glands  in  the 
interior  of  the  pitcher.  In  N.  Rafllesiana,  and  all 
those  above  described  as  conforming  to  it  in  shape, 
these  glands  occupy  ths  whole  of  the  interior  with  the 
exception    of    the  space    immediately    beneath    the 


"peristome,"  or  rim,  and  that  part  behind  the  pitcher 
which  is  more  or  less  elongated  supporting  the  opercu- 
lum or  lid.  The  sudden  contraction  observable  about 
the  middle,  or  below  that  in  the  N.  distillatoria  group, 
is  present  here  at  the  termination  of  the  glandular 
surface,  and  close  to  the  orifice  as  already  indicated. 
This  part  interiorly  is  glassy  smooth  and  glaucous, 
and  known  as  the  conducting  surlace.  N.  Veitchi, 
N.  ampullaria,  N.  bicalcarata,  and  N.  Rjjih  are 
species  agreeing  with  this  type,  and  although  they 
diffif  considerably  in  their  proportionate  lengths,  they 
all  agree  in  the  extent  of  surface  occupied  by  the 
glands  in  the  conducting  surface  being  reduced 
to  a  minimum,  and  in  the  contraction  at  the  termi- 
nation of  the  glands  occurring  close  to  the  peristome. 
The  other  tyiic,  much  used  by  the  hybridist,  and 
represented  by  N.  distillatoria,  has  pitchers  more  or 
less  amplialed  or  swollen  in  the  lower  part,  and  then 
suddenly  contracted  somewhere  near  the  middle.  The 
termination  olthe  glandular  surface correspondsexactly 
to  this  contraction,  so  abruptly  differentiated  is  it  from 
the  non-glandular  conducting  surface  which  is  also 
denoted  by  a  different  colour.  Besides  those  already 
given,  N.  sanguinea,  N.  Mastersiana  x  ,  N.  gracilis, 
N.  Keinwardiiana,  N.  Edwardsiana,  N.  Kennedii, 
Hookera;  x ,  N.  Morganre  x ,  N.  superba,  and 
numerous  others,  both  species  and  hybrid  sorts  agree 
in  the  distribution  of  the  glands.  For  garden  pur- 
poses this  distinction  is  obvious,  and  serves  to  give 
variety  as  much  as  colour  does. 

In  connection  with  both  these  types,  two  forms  of 
pitchers  are  often  produced  on  the  same  plant.  Near 
the  base,  broad-bottomed  pitchers  are  developed,  and 
these  would,  in  a  slate  of  Nature,  test  on  the  ground, 
but  as  the  plants  climb  up,  and  the  pitchers  are  s«  ung 
in  mid-air,  a  long,  curved  base  is  developed,  giviilg 
them  a  trumpet  appearance.  This  may  be  seen  in 
the  figures  already  referred  to,  and  also  in  the  case  of 
N.  Northiana,  figured  in  the  Gardeners  Clironule, 
December  3.  iSSl.  It  is  evidently  designed  to 
strengthen  the  connection  between  the  pitcher 
and  its  slender  stalk,  which  would  other- 
wise be  liable  to  be  broken  away  by  the  weight  of 
liquid  contained  in  the  pitchers,  by  animals  drowned 
in  it,  and  by  others  seeking  the  spoil.  0*ing  to  the 
custom  of  keeping  the  plants  low  by  pruning  this 
trumpet  form  of  pitcher  is  less  frequent  than  the 
other  in  gardens.  It  seems  to  be  a  constant  charac- 
ter, however,  in  N.  phyllamphora  and  some  others 
to  have  a  greatly  curved  tapering  base.  The  distri- 
bution of  the  secreting  glands  is  not  aflTectcd  by  it. 
In  N.  ampullaria,  where  the  stalk  supporting  the 
pitcher  is  very  short,  it  is  less  material  whether  this 
tapered  elongation  of  the  base  occurs  or  not.  Judging 
from  dried  specimens  of  N.  Pervilici,  a  species  from 
the  .Seychelles  apparently  not  yet  in  cultivation,  the 
pitchers  ate  remarkably  funnel-shaped,  dilating 
gradually  from  a  narrow  base  to  a  wide  open  mouth, 
and  3  to  7  inches  long,  with  a  width  of  ij  to 
2\  inches  at  the  orifice  in  a  dried  state. 

The  wings  serve  rs  another  important  feature  in 
giving  character  to  vaiious  forms  of  pitchers.  They 
are.  however,  variable  in  dilTerent  species  and  at 
different  ages  of  the  plant  in  the  same  species.  When 
plants  are  allowed  10  run  up,  the  wings  of  pitchers 
borne  on  the  upper  part  have  a  tendency  to  become 
much  reduced  in  width  or  altogether  obsolete.  This 
is  the  case  in  several  already  mentioned,  together 
with  that  fine,  but  rare  species,  N.  sanguinea,  figured 
as  early  as  1S49  in  the  Gardeners'  Clironic'e,  p.  5S0, 
and  a^ain  in  vol.  ii.,  n.s.,  p.  13,  besides  other  works. 
By  reference  to  the  figure  of  N.  Northiana,  there 
seems  to  be  no  reduction  of  the  wing  in  the  trumpet- 
shaped  pitchers  with  tapSring  hooked  bases. 

In  seeking  to  secure  variety  the  cultivator  should 
attend  to  all  these  leading  characteristic  features,  but 
more  especially  the  hybridist  who  desires  to  infuse 
fresh  attractions  or  striking  novelty  into  his  seedlings. 
The  degree  of  hairiness  is  sometimes  of  importance, 
as  exhibited  by  N.  Veitchi,  N.  villosa,  and  N.  Raf- 
flesiana  var.  nivea.  The  latter  would  seem  a  desir- 
able variety  to  introduce,  on  account  of  its  being 
felted  with  white  hairs.  Under  the  microscope  the 
hairs  of  ordinary  sorts  present  some  remarkable  and 
curious  forms.  They  are  usually  much  branched,  and 
resemble  brown  star-fishes  in  some  cases,  and  minia- 
ture pLnts  in  others,  having  a  central  axis  furnished 
with  gracefully  arching  or  spreading  leaves. 

The  rim  is  sometimes  elaborately  developed, 
and  becomes  a  feature  of  prime  importance  as  far  as 
conspicuousness  and  variety  of  form  is  concerned.  It 
adds  materially  to  the  distinctness  and  value  for 
garden  purposes  o(  N.  Veitchi,  and  the  same,  no  doubt, 
will  apply  to  N.  Northiana,  and  in  a  measures  to 
N.  Rajah,  when  good-sized  pitchers  are  obtained  in  a 
state  of  cultivation.  The  latter  is  figured  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Clironicic  for  October  15.  iSSi,  from  a  native 
specimen,  and  also  from  a  seedling  raised  in  Ihis 
country.  Two  species  not  yet  introduced  to  culti- 
vation would  furnish  a  novel  feature  amongst  their 
numerous  curious  congeners  already  inhabiting  our 
stoves.  The  pitchers  of  N.  Kdwardsiana  often  exceed 
a  foot  in  length,  and  the  orifice  is  surrounded  by  a 
complicated    spiial-Ioaking  lim   resembling   a  large 


screw.  The  pitchers  of  N.  echlnostoma  are  8  —  10 
inches  long,  while  the  peristome  is  developed  into  a 
dense  array  linear  acute  processes  about  half  an  inch 
long. 

The  two  spurs  of  N.  bicalcarata  already  in  culti- 
vation are  developments  of  the  rim,  and  the 
same  thing  may  be  observed  in  other  species,  though 
in  a  more  incipient  degree.   J.  F. 


BOMAREAS    AT    KEW. 

Over  fifty  species  of  Bomarea  are  known  to 
science,  of  which  a  few  only  are  in  cultivation — 
a  neglect  they  by  no  means  deserve  considering 
the  shoivy  character  of  the  flowers  of  many  species, 
their  long-lasting  properties  and  the  little  difficuliy 
attending  their  cultivation.  They  closely  resemble 
their  near  allies,  the  Alstrotmerias,  but  ate  readily 
distinguishable  by  their  generally  taller,  climbing,  or 
more  properly  twining  habit,  regular  flowers,  and 
tuber-bearing  roots,  although  it  is  yet  undetermined 
whether  or  not  this  last  character  is  prevalent  through- 
out the  genus.  A  few  species  have  been  described 
under  the  name  of  Collania,  but  they  do  not  difl^er 
from  the  type  except  in  the  shorter,  mote  erect 
stems. 

A  greenhouse  temperature  is  sufficient  to  grow  and 
flower  them  to  perfection.  Many  of  them  will  also 
fruit  under  these  conditions,  and  some  are  not  only 
conspicuous  and  interesting  in  that  state,  but  are 
highly  ornamental.  A  good  friable  loam  wiih  an 
admixture  of  peat,  or,  what  is  better,  well  decayed 
leaf-mould,  with  suflicient  sand  to  keep  the  whole 
porous  and  open,  is  all  that  these  noble  Amatyllids 
require  in  the  shape  of  soil.  They  may  be  grown  in 
pots  while  young  or  insufficiently  tooted,  but  will  give 
most  satisfaction  if  planted  out  in  a  well-drained  bed 
or  border. 

A  number  of  species  are  so  planted  at  Kew  on  a 
raised  and  brick  built  border  ihit  also  does  duly  for 
side-staging  in  the  succulent-house.  Prominent 
amongst  these  is  B.  Carderi,  seldom  seen  without 
either  fruit  or  flowers,  and  frequently  bearing  both. 
This  is  one  of  the  more  robust  species,  and  has  a  very 
telling  effect  when  the  huge  branching  umbels  hang 
down  from  the  roof,  displaying  its  large  waxy  tubular 
or  funnel-shaped  flowers.  The  outer  segments  are 
rose-coloured,  while  the  inner  are  slightly  longer  and 
paler,  but  more  profusely  spotted  with  purplish  brown. 
The  fruit  is  hexagonal,  attaining  a  large  size,  and 
assuming  a  yellow  colour  as  it  approaches  maturity. 
An  inflorescence  is  figured  in  the  Gaidcners'  Chio- 
nick,  1S76,  vol.  v.,  p.  793,  and  fruit  in  1S79,  vol.  xi\, 
P-  617. 

B.  Caldasiana  occupies  a  similar  position  to  the 
last,  trained  up  the  end  of  the  house  close  to  the 
glass.  The  stems  attain  a  considerable  length,  bear- 
ing at  their  apex  a  simple  umbel  of  highly  coloured 
flowers.  The  outer  segments  are  orange-scarlet, 
while  the  inner  are  much  longer  and  bright  yellow, 
attractively  spo' ted  with  small  red  dots.  It  is  not, 
however,  so  persistent  a  bloomer  as  B.  Carderi. 
There  is  a  figure  of  this  species  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  t.  5442. 

The  inflorescence  of  B.  patococensis  is  also  simple 
with  numerous  flowers  of  a  nearly  uniform  rich  crim- 
son. Variety  is  secured  in  the  colour,  but  this  is  of 
secondary  importance  when  the  periods  of  flowering 
in  different  species  do  not  coincide.  The  most  serious 
objection  to  this  species,  as  well  as  B.  Caldasiana  ard 
some  others,  is  the  length  of  stem,  carrying  the 
flowers  so  far  above  the  eye  of  visitors.  This  evil 
might  be  remedied  or  modified  to  some  extent  by  a 
timely  arrangement  of  the  upper  end  of  the  shoots 
previous  to  flowering  ;  for  these,  like  all  the  rest, 
flower  at  the  apex  only.  There  is  a  figure  of  B. 
patococensis  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  xvii.,  p. 
187,  under  the  name  of  B.  conferta. 

The  comparatively  short  slender  stems  of  B.  oli- 
gantha,  coupled  with  its  free  flowering  habit,  as  exhi- 
bited in  the  Kew  plants,  render  this  species  a 
desirable  one  where  space  is  limited.  The  name 
signifies  few-flowered,  and  some  descriptions  say  the 
umbels  are  one  or  two  flowered,  but  from  eight  to 
twelve  are  most  commonly  produced.  The  outer 
segments 'are  spaiulate  and  orange-'cirlet  ;  and  the 
inner  ones  somewhat  longer,  much  broader,  and 
bright  yellow,  spotted  internally  with  small  blood  red 
spots. 

Boraarea  Shuttleworlhii  has  a  bold  branching 
inflorescence  of  orange-scarlet  or  vermilion  flowers. 
The  outer  segments  are  somewhat  spotted,  and  neatly 


DECEMBER   12,    18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


747 


equal  to  ihe  inner  segments,  which  are  red  and  yd- 
low,  spotted  near  the  tips  with  a  dark  colour.  This 
handsome  species  would  contrast  well  with  B.  Gar- 
den. The  Kew  plant  is  not  sutVicienlly  strong  lo 
flower,  but  a  figure  may  be  seen  in  the  Gardcncis^ 
Chionicle,  1SS2,  January  21,  figs.  11  and  14,  p.  77. 

li.  edulis  was  described  by  Herbert,  and  was 
amongst  the  earliest  introductions  of  the  genus.  It  is 
also  known  as  Alstrcemeria  oculata.  The  flowers  are 
more  or  less  crimson  tipped  with  green  ;  and  the 
plant  is  tur.her  recommended  to  the  notice  of  culii- 
vatois  by  the  showy  character  of  the  seed.  When  the 
capsule  is  mature  it  splits  open  along  the  truncate 
apical  (nd,  exposing  the  numerous  round  seeds,  the 
testa  of  which  becomes  pulpy  and  bright  scarlet. 
The  fruiis  are  in  this  condition  at  the  present  time, 
and  render  the  plant  noticeable  in  the  dull  winter 
season.  The  plant  was  originally  introduced  in  1S06, 
and  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Mai^azine^  tab.  1613. 

A  small  plant  of  B.  Williamsa  has  been  flowering 
more  or  less  for  months.  The  flowers  are  about 
2  inches  long,  and  produced  in  a  branching  umbel, 
which  is  said  to  attain  large  dimensions  in  iull-siz-^d 
specimens.  The  perianth  segments  are  rose-coloured, 
more  or  less  spotted.  The  stem  and  leaves  betoken  a 
robust  habit  of  growth,  and  the  small  plant  its  free 
flo.vering  character. 

B.  frondea  and  the  following  species  have  tall  leafy 
stems,  and  although  not  so  free  flowering  as  several 
of  the  above  mentioned  species,  are  distinct  and  more 
or  less  showy  in  their  way.  B.  frondea  has  funnel- 
shaped  flowers  with  detp  yellow  outer  segments, 
while  the  pale  yellow  inner  ones  project  half  an  inch 
beyond  them,  and  are  beautifully  spotted.  It  is 
figured  in  the  Gardeners'  ChronicU,  May  20,  lilSz, 
p.  669,  fig.    102. 

B.  acutifolia  is  another  old  introduction,  and  seems 
lo  vary  considerably  in  the  colour  of  the  flowers  in  a 
wild  stale.  The  outer  segments  vary  with  deep 
orange  and  some  shade  of  yellow,  while  the  inner 
ones  are  paler  and  more  or  less  spotted.  Several 
varieties  have  been  figured  from  time  to  time  in  the 
Bolaniia'  Magazine.  J.  F. 


THE  GIANT  RROMELIADS  OF 
CHILI. 
In  a  hasty  notice  [.ante,  p.  296)  of  the  paintings  of 
Chilian  flowers  and  vegetation  recently  added  to  the 
Marianne  North  Gallery  at  Kew,  I  ventured  to  suggest 
that  the  gigantic  yellow  and  blue-flowered  Puyas  might 
be  merely  varieties  of  the  same  species.  I  thought 
this  might  be  so,  partly  because  both  Molina  and 
Gay  mention  only  one  species,  and  partly  because  I 
failed  to  find  any  ditfiren'-ial  characters  that  seemed 
to  be  of  sp.'cili:  value  in  the  meagre  herbarium  spe- 
cimens and  the  reduced  figures  in  their  Journal,  the 
Botanual  M<i;ii-ir.e,  and  elsewhere;  but  I  was  in 
error.  I  hid  overlooked  a  life-sizf  painting,  placed 
in  the  porch  of  ths  gallery,  of  the  inflorescence  of  one 
I^ecies  ;  and  Miss  Norih  subsequently  pointed  out  to 
me  easily  recognised  differences  in  the  foliage  by  which 
the  blue  and  yellow-flowered  Puyas  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from  each  other.  On  consulting  the 
literature  of  the  subj-:ct,  I  see  that  there  is  great  con- 
fusion in  the  synonymy  of  these  two  large  Chilian 
species  of  Puya,  in  consequence  of  Molina's  original 
name  having  been  sometimes  applied  to  one  and 
sometimes  to  the  other,  and  sometimes  apparently  to 
a  combination  of  the  two.  By  beginning  with  the 
earliest  author,  and  comparing  his  description  with 
later  descriptions  and  figures,  and  Miss  North's 
paintings,  I  am  able  to  give  what  I  believe  to  be  the 
correct  history  and  synonymy  of  the  two  species 
which  exhibit  the  following  distinctions  : — Leaves 
straight,  green  on  both  sides  ;  flowers  yellow.  P. 
chilensis,  leaves  recurved,  glaucous  beneath  ;  flowers 
blue.  P.  Whytei,  Molina  (  The  Geographical,  Naltira', 
anJ  Civil  IJislory  of  Chili,  English  edition,  p.  Ijo), 
gives  a  popular  description  of  a  plant  bearing  the 
vernacular  name  of  Puya,  which  name  he  pro- 
posed to  retain  as  the  botanical  appellation  of 
the  genus  he  there  formally  founded  for  the  plant 
in  question.  On  p.  2SS  of  the  same  work,  there 
is  a  very  brief  Latin  description  ol  the  genus  Puya, 
with  which  is  coupled  ihe  specific  name  of  chilensis. 
Although  the  description  is  meagre  and  imperfect, 
it  is  not  difficult  to  understand  that  it  applies 
to  one  of  the  noble  Bromeliads  with  which  later 
botanists  have  associated  the  name  ;  and  as  he  states 
that  the  flowers  of  his  species  were  yellow,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  which  of  the  two  now  known  should 


bear  the  name  chilensis.  Then,  as  now,  the  trunk 
was  used  as  cork  throughout  Chili,  and  Molina  men- 
tions that  the  inflorescence  attained  a  height  of  9  feet. 
AlihoUijh  Molina  was  the  first  to  give  the  plant  a 
botanical  name  according  to  the  binominal  method, 
he  was  not  the  first  to  publi-h  an  account  of  it,  lor 
Feuilici  described  and  adequately  figured  it  in  1725 
as  Renealmia  ramosa  lutea  fuliis  spinosis.  In  the 
second  Spanish  edition  of  his  work  Molina  changed 
the  specific  name  to  suberosa.  In  179S  Ruiz  and 
Pa  von  l^Syslema  l\xelalnliuin  Flonr  Peniziaiui:  et 
Chikmis,  p.  81)  reduced  it  to  their  genus  Pourelli.i, 
with  the  specific  name  coarclata,  whilst  Gay  (Flo:a 
Chilena,  vi.,  p.  11)  restores  Molina's  generic  name, 
but  retains  Ruiz  and  Pavon's  specific  appellation  of 
coarctata.  All  this  synonomy,  with  the  additional 
name  of  Pilcjimia  coarctata,  Persoon,  is  correctly 
given  in  tti'e  Bolanical  Ma_^azine,  plate  4715,  which 
was  drawn  from  a  plant  that  flowered  in  a  cool  stove 
at  Kew  in  1S53.  Philippi  (/irHH.?ij,  xxxiii.,  p.  246), 
describes  a  species  of  Puya  with  a  stem  10  to  15  feet 
high,  and  having  straight  leaves,  green  on  both  sides, 
and  yellow  flowers,  to  which  he  gives  the  name 
gigantea.  I  have  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  true  P. 
chilensis,  and  also  that  Philippi's  "emended  descrip- 
tion "  of  P.  coarctata  in  the  same  place  refers  to  P. 
Whytei,  for  he  says,  "  foliis  recurvis  sublus  argcnteis, 
petalis  pallide  viridi-cceruleis." 

The  first  publication  of  the  species  having  blue 
flowers  and  recurved  leaves,  glaucous  beneath,  is,  as 
far  as  I  can  aiscover,  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
plate  57J2  (P.  Whytei,  Hooker),  which  was  drawn 
from  a  plant  imported  from  Chili  by  Messrs.  Veitch 
through  Mr.  Mark  Whyle.  It  is  there  suggested  that 
the  Puya  ccerulea,  Miers  (Bolanical  Kesisler,  1S40, 
plate  II),  may  be  the  same,  but  that,  from  specimens 
preserved  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  appears  to  be  a 
Fitcairnia,  whic'h  dilTers  in  habit  as  well  as  in  the 
seed-vessel  from  Puya,  which  should  be  restricted  to 
plants  of  the  type  of  P.  chilensis  and  P.  Whyte.*  See 
also   Garleners'  Chronicle,  October   I,  iSSi,  xvi.,  p. 

437.  fig-  S2- 

The  synonymy  ol  these  two  species  may  lollow 
here  :— 

1.  Puya  chilensis,   Molina,  syn.  P.  suberosa.   Mol, ;  P. 

coarctata.  Gay  ;    P.   gigantea,  Philippi  ;   Pourretlia 
coarctata,  Ruiz  and  Pavon. 

2.  Puya  Whytei,   Hooker,  syn.  P.  coarctata,   Philippi, 

not  ol  Gay. 

The  Marianne  North  paintings  include  life-size 
representations  of  the  inflorescence  ol  both  species, 
as  well  as  the  reduced  plants  in  several  landscapes, 
from  which  it  is  evident  that  they  have  never  yet 
attained  their  full  development  under  cultivation  in 
this  country. 

Besides  the  foregoing  there  is  one  other  Chilian 
Bromeliacea  in  the  colleciion,  which  I  thir.k  may  be 
the  Puya  rubricaulis,  mentioned  in  the  Botanical 
Regisirr  in  the  text  referring  to  Puya  ccerulea,  and  of 
which  there  is  a  dried  specimen  in  the  Kew  Her- 
barium, though  no  description  of  the  plant  under  that 
name  has  been  published  that  1  can  find.  It  must 
also  be  near  Puya  paniculata  Philippi  (ii«/;,r.i,xxxiii., 
p.  247),  but  that  is  described  as  having  bracts  much 
shorter  than  the  pedicels.    IV.  B.  Henulcy. 


ORNAMENTAL    BERRY-BEAR- 
ING   PLANTS. 

(CdHlinued  fiom  p.   718) 

Having  in  previous  numbers  directed  attention  to 
the  larger  growing  trees  and  shrubs  with  ornamental 
fruits  we  will  now  conclude  the  subject  by  bringing 
under  notice  some  of  the  dwarfer  growing  kinds  that 
at  the  present  season  are  almost  invaluable  for  rock- 
work  and  border  diCoration. 

Pernettyas. 

Amongst  these  the  various  Pernettyas  are  un- 
doubtedly the  most  popular,  and  deservedly  so,  for 
whether  in  the  embellishment  of  rockwork  or  for 
plantirg  in  the  front  lines  of  shrubberies,  or  narrow, 
tunny  beds,  they  certainly  stand  pre-eminent.  The 
diversity  of  colour  in  the  fruit  is  simply  astonishing, 
ranging  as  they  do  from  white  to  deep  blackish- 
maroon,  the  intermediate  tints  of  pink  and  deep 
crimsin  being  especially  tttective.  In  all  the  varieties 
the  berries  are  the  siz;  of  large  Peas,  hjing  in  missive 

-  Wl.al  the  Puya  gijas.  Aiidr^  (Kevue  Horlkcle.  ,681, 
p.  114,  tig.  74!,  is,  is  very  uncertain,  ttie  llowers  being  unknown. 
It  has  itie  loliage  of  an  Agave,  witli  a  flower  sliaft  from  lo  to 
iipwartis  of  30  feet  high. 


clusters  all  along  the  erect  branches,  and  if  left  unmo- 
lested remain  in  good  form  for  a  considerable  time, 
even  until  the  plants  are  producing  their  new  buds  in 
spring.  Some  of  the  most  distinct  varieties  are  as 
follows  :— Alba,  with  white  berries;  nigra  major,  a 
distinct  form  with  black  berries;  purpurea  macro- 
carpa,  purple,  large  sized  fruit;  rosea  macrocarpa, 
bright  rose  berries  ;  lilacina,  light  lilac,  effective  and 
pretty  ;  with  hosts  of  others  that  space  will  not  per- 
mit our  mentioning.  Whilst  advocating  the  extensive 
use  of  these  varieties  we  must  not  forget  a  word  in 
favour  of  the  normal  form,  P.  mucronata,  which  as  a 
neat  evergreen  bush  that  during  the  winter  and  spring 
months  is  literally  smothered  with  purplish-red 
berries,  has  few  equals  amongst  ornamental  shrubs. 
Good  sandy,  well-drained  loam,  with  or  without  the 
addition  of  peat,  will  meet  the  requirements  of  these 
plants  well. 

Gaultheria  pkocumbens. 
A  low-growing,  almost  prostrate  plant  when  seen 
at  its  best,  with  the  bright  scailet  berries  peeping 
from  amongst  the  pleasing  crisp  foliage,  which  seem 
to  concentrate  neatly  every  conceivable  tint  between 
green  and  red,  is  indeed  a  desirable  border  or  rock- 
work  shrub  that,  unfortunately,  one  sees  but  far  too 
seldom.  Pcaly  soil  suits  it  well,  but  in  this  respect 
it  is  certainly  far  from  particular,  the  finest  bed  we 
have  ever  seen  being  in  the  grounds  of  the  North 
Wales  Uciversity  College  at  Bangor,  where  the  soil 
is  loam  of  a  very  ordinary  quality  lying  at  no  great 
depth  on  shaly  rock.  G.  nummuIariii;folia  can 
scarcely  be  overpraised,  for  whether  in  flower  or 
fruit,  both  of  which  are  borne  profusely  even  on 
young  plants,  it  is  a  distinct  and  ornamental  acquisi- 
tion to  any  peaty  bed  or  border. 

Skimmia  japonica, 
not  less  valuable  for  its  bright  scarlet  berries  in 
autumn  than  for  its  terminal  panicles  of  fragrant 
whitish  flowers  in  spring,  is  a  low  growing  evergreen 
with  Laurel-like  leaves  and  a  good  habit.  Just  now, 
when  the  stout  short  branches  are  literally  covered 
with  berries,  the  plant  is  very  effective,  and  never 
fails  to  attract  the  attention  of  even  the  most  unob- 
servant. Loamy  soil  and  a  sheltered  northern  aspect 
are  its  chief  requirements,  at  least  these  are  the  con- 
ditions under  which  it  succeeds  in  our  home  nursery 
here,  where,  at  present,  a  narroiv  border  is  quite  a 
glow  of  red  from  the  large  production  of  fruit.  Birds 
are  particularly  fond  of  the  berries,  indeed,  more  so 
than  those  of  almost  any  other  shrub,  which  is  year 
after  year  found  out  on  the  wea'.her  becoming  the 
least  severe,  when,  in  a  few  days,  the  bushes  arc  quite 
stripped  of  their  beauty. 

The  MeiZereon  (Dafhne  Mezereum), 
with  its  beautiful  coral-red  berries,  is  perhaps  never 
more  effective  than  when  grown  in  cool  moist  soil 
alongside  a  running  stream,  having  then  a  very 
difiierent  appearance  to  what  it  presents,  as  usually 
seen  in  hot,  dry  borders,  and  in  company  with  other 
shrubs.  A  clump  or  bed  planted  of  this  alone  in 
some  cool  partially  shaded  position,  is  sure  to  form  a 
most  attractive  feature,  either  from  the  sweet-scenled 
blossoms,  which  are  produced  in  quantity  when  but 
few  other  shrubs  ate  in  flower,  or  the  beautiful  bright 
red  berries  that  usually  arc  produced  in  such  rich 
profusion  towards  the  end  of  the  year.  There  is  a 
white-flowered  variety  which  is  even  prettier,  certainly 
choicer,  than  Ihe  ordinary  purple,  and  its  berries  are 
of  a  soft  amber  colour,  thus  oft'ering  a  marked  con- 
trast to  the  coral-red  of  the  normal  plant.  Well  do  I 
remember  some  years  ago  when  seeing  a  veritable 
specimen  of  this  yellow-berried  form— 4  feet  in  height 
by  about  the  same  in  diameter— literally  covered 
with  fruit,  ol  feeling  the  inclination  to  rank  it  as  the 
most  pel  fee',  and  cerlninly  not  the  least  beautiful 
leriied  shrub  I  ever  had  the  good  fortune  to  behold. 

Marcyricarpus  setosus, 
the  bristly  Pearl-fruit  shrub,  a  trailing  habited 
Rosaceous  plant  with  bright  evergreen  foliage  and 
snow-white,  pearlli!;e  fruiis,  cannot  but  be  a  favourite 
wiih  all  who  have  seen  il.  For  rockwork  it  is 
particularly  well  adapted,  being  of  a  compact,  neat 
habit,  with  small  shining  leaves,  nearly  white  stems, 
and  an  abundance  ol  fruit,  which  are  carried  nearly 
throughout  the  year.  It  is  a  rare  plant,  being  as  yet 
only  found  in  a  few  collections,  but  when  better 
known,  and  the  reputed  tender  nature  ol  the  shiub 
dislodged  from  our  minds,  it  will  no  doubt  be  more 
extensively  used. 


748 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  12,  i8 


A  light,  rich,  vegetable  soil  suits  it  well,  and  when 
placed  on  the  rockwork,  where  the  trailing  stems  and 
bright  berries  rest  on  a  dark-coloured  boulder,  this 
singular  plant  will  be  found  as  ornamental  as  it  is 
uncommon.  A  native  of  Peru,  and  introduced  in  the 
year  1S29.  A.  D.  IVehster,  Pcnrhyn  Castle. 


THE  GENUS  ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

(Contimied  from  p.  680.) 

O.  RucKERiANUM  is  a  very  variable  kind,  running 
from  the  original  form,  figured  at  p.  204  of  this  volume, 
which  first  flowered  with  the  late  Sigismund  Rucker, 
up  to  much  showier  things, many  of  which  are  cherished 
in  collections  with  distinguishing  names  (see  fig.  167). 
The  flowers  are  white  or  cream-coloured,  often  tinged 
with  pink,  and  always  more  or  less  marked  with 
hrownish-red  markings.  F.  A.  Philbrick,  Esq.,  of 
Oldfield,  Bickley,  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
for  a  very  fine  form  of  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Sjciety,  April  26,  1S81. 

O.  ODORATUM. — Tnis  is  so  variable  that  the  cir- 
cumstance has  given  rise'  to  a  multiplicity  of  names 
for  what  can  only'  be  regarded  as  one  species,  all 
having  freely  branched  spikes  of  Hawthorn-scented 
flowers.  The  originally  figured  form  is  of  the  smaller 
flowered  Venezuelan  kind,  which  comes,  too,  from 
the  forests  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  Merida  5000  — 
7000  feet  altitude.  The  O.  naevium  majus  of  Folia 
Orchidacea^  described  as  coming  from  New  Granada 
at  a  height  of  Sooo  feet,  is  certainly  a  form  of  O. 
odoratum,  with  perhaps  the  whitest  ground  to  the 
flowers  of  any.  Various  other  forms  have  been 
imported  from  different  localities,  some  of  the  6nest 
figuring  as  O.  gloriosum.  The  most  beautiful  variety 
of  all  perhaps  is  that  robust  flowerer  which  Messrs. 
F.  Sander  &  Co.  imported  from  Santa  Martha  last 
year.  The  flowers  of  most  of  the  varieties  of  O. 
odoratum  are  light  yellow  marked  with  reddish- 
brown. 

The  following,  also,  in  form  and  odour,  or  in  some 
other  peculiarity,  have,  in  diff'erent  degrees,  traces  of 
O.  odoratum  either  directly  or  by  affinity  to  some  of 
the  other  varieties  here  enumerated  :  — 

O.  Sanderianum. — This  lovely  Odontoglot  has 
not  yet  been  estimated  at  its  full  value.  Later  on, 
when  it  is  well  grown  and  producing  its  large 
branched  spikes  of  over  a  hundred  flowers,  as  seen 
on  the  dried  specimens,  it  will  be  much  prized.  Its 
sepals  and  petals  are  of  the  form  of  a  fine  O.  odora- 
tum, yellow,  marked  with  red  disc,  brown  lip,  showy, 
approaching  that  of  O.  nevadense  ;  white,  with  bright 
crimson  blotches.  It  is  delightfully  fragrant.  It 
comes  from  the  Sierra  Nevada,  altitude  7000  feet. 

O.  ScHiLLERiANUM. — This,  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  the  odoratum  section,  was  described  many 
years  ago  in  the  famed  Schiller  collection,  since  that 
it  seems  to  have  been  lost,  but  has  been  reintroduced 
by  Messrs.  F,  Sander  &  Co.  It  has  stately  branched 
spikes  of  numerous  showy  flowers,  yellow,  prettily 
marked  with  chestnut-red,  and  very  fragrant 

O.  CINNAMOMEUM.— A  very  rare  plant,  certificated 
to  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  in  April,  18S4.  Flowers  showy,  closely  set 
on  upright  spike  ;  light  yellow,  marked  with  reddish- 
brown,  the  lip  having  a  peculiar  velvety  patch  in  the 
centre.     A  very  striking  and  distinct  variety. 

O.  Leeanum. — -This  in  general  appearance  re- 
sembles the  last-named  ;  its  flowers  are,  however, 
much  yellower,  and  have  a  quaint  likeness  to  those  of 
O.  pardinum.  The  lip  generally  bears  a  bright 
brownish-crimson  blotch.  It  was  one  of  Messrs. 
Veiich's  introductions,  and  they  were  awarded  a  First- 
class  Certificate  for  it  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  March  2S,  1S8?. 

O.  crocidipterum.— A  neat  variety,  resembling 
a  smaller  and  slender  form  of  O.  odoratum  ;  dowers 
creamy-yellow,  prettily  dotted  and  stripe!  in  small 
lines  with  brown. 

O.  DoRMANiANUM. — This  is  a  very  charming  and 
rare  variety,  a  few  plants  of  which  were  imported 
by  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.  last  year  from  Ocafla, 
altitude  7000  feet.  It  bears  a  profusely  branched 
spike  of  pretty  flowers,  which  may  be  described  as 
intermediate  between  O.  crocidipterum  and  O. 
blandum.  Flowers  nearly  white,  spotted  and  lined 
with  bright  crimson,  base  of  the  lip  yellow. 

O.  BLEPHARICANTHUM-— A  very  curious  ,  little 
variety,  blending  the  features  of  O.  odoratum  with  a 
trace  of  O.  blandum, 

O.   BLANDUM.— A  pretty  and  distinct  kind,    with 


slender  sprays  of  white  flowers  marked  with  dark 
crimson.  The  lip  is  showy  for  the  size  of  the  flower, 
white,  dotted  at  the  base  with  purple. 

O.  CONSTRICTUM. — This  is  one  of  the  smallest 
flowers  of  the  section,  but  that  is  made  amends  for 
by  the  profuse  manner  in  whch  they  are  produced,  so 
that  a  good  specimen  of  it,  with  four  or  five  of  its 
slender  arching  spikes,  is  by  no  means  an  insignificant 
thing.  Sepals  and  petals  yellow  marked  with  brown, 
lip  white. 

O.  CRiSTATUM  bears  distinct  features  of  column 
and  crest,  but  to  a  florist's  eye  it  has  something  of 
the  appearance  of  O.  constrictum,  and  has  flowers  of 
similar  size.  Sepals  and  petals  dull  yellow,  marked 
with  brown,  lip  whitish.  Flower-spikes  slender  and 
aching.     Native  of  Peru. 

O.  Wallisii. — This  is  a  very  elegant  kind,  wiih 
slender  drooping  spikes  of  unbranched  or  sparsely 
branched  flowers,  in  appearance  something  like  those 
of  O.  Lindleyanum,  but  thinner  in  substance.  The 
sepals  and  petals  are  bright  yellow,  with  a  few 
brownish  lines,  column  prominent  and  white,  lip 
white,  with  violet  spots. 


material  known  to  science  except  the  diamond. 
These  corundum  rollers  are  made  of  special  form  and 
bevelled  off  to  suit  the  angle  which  experience  has 
shown  to  be  the  best  adapted  for  cutting.  They  grind 
equally  well  wet  or  dry,  are  marvellously  lasting,  and 
give  the  greatest  safest  satisfaction  to  all  users. 
Should  they  become  dirty  in  process  of  time,  through 
grease  or  gummy  matter,  they  are  easily  cleansed  by 
the  use  of  water,  or  soap  and  water.  The  maker  is 
Mr.  T.  Barraclough,  8,  King  Street,  Manchester. 


GARDEN    PALMS. 

(CM,ti,med  from  J>.  587.) 
HowEA,  Beccari. — This  genus  is  composed  of  two 
species  (according  to  Hooker  one)  of  Australian 
Kentias,  so-called,  viz.,  K.  Fosteriana  and  K.  Bel- 
moreana.  In  gardens  it  is  usual  to  distinguish  these 
two  Palms  from  each  other  by  the  colour  of  the 
petioles,  the  former  being  said  to  have  dark  green, 
the  latter  red-tinged  leaf-stalks  or  "  stems  ;  "  or  again, 
the  plants  with  broad  leaf-segments  are  called  K, 
Fosteriana,    and   those   with   narrow   ones   K.    Bel- 


FlG.    167.— ODONTOGLOSSUM    RUCKERIANUM    INSIGNE. 


O.  W.  PURUM  is  a  bright  light-coloured  variety  of 
the  previously  named,  having  a  white  lip  tinged  with 
lemon-yellow.  The  varieties  of  O.  Wallisii  are  really 
pretty  and  well  worth  growing.  The  plant  is  by  no 
means  common,  as  no  regular  importation  of  it  has 
been  got  over.    "James  0  Bi  ien. 


A   GRINDING    MACHINE. 

This  machine  is  the  result  of  a  series  of  experi- 
ments made  in  order  to  obtain  a  light  but  strong 
portable  machine,  of  simple  construction,  easily 
worked,  and  capable  of  grinding  quickly,  in  the  field, 
the  sections  of  the  sickles  and  knives  of  reaping  and 
mowing  machines,  with  great  ease,  in  a  thoroughly 
efticient  manner.     (See  fig.  169.) 

Every  user  of  reaping  and  mowing  machines  knows 
from  experience  how  very  much  better  and  more 
easily  all  sickles  and  knives  cut  when  kept  thoroughly 
sharp,  when  the  cutting  bevels  of  all  the  sections  are 
uniform,  and  the  heels  well  ground  ;  also  how  much 
more  and  better  work  is  done  in  a  given  time  when 
the  sickles  and  knives  are  kept  constantly  in  first- 
class  condition.  The  machines  weigh  23  lb.  each, 
and  are  specially  adapted  for  use  in  the  field. 

The  grinding  stones  or  rollers  of  the  machines  are 
of   the  very  best  quality  of  corundum,   the   hardest 


moreana.  But,  however  convenient  these  divisions 
may  be  in  a  garden  sense,  they  do  not  run  parallel 
with  the  characters  by  which  botanists  distinguish 
two  species,  for  we  have  had  all  four  of  the  above 
characters  among  seedlings  raised  from  one  batch  of 
seeds  imported  as  K.  Fosteriana.  A  third  name  for 
these  Palms  is  K.  australis,  and  which  has  been 
given  to  the  form  called  K.  Fosteriana.  With  refer- 
ence to  the  species  above  named  the  following  note 
is  taken  from  Bentham's  flora  Atislraliensis : — "  F. 
Mueller  distinguishes  two  species,  the  K.  Belmoreana, 
or  'Curly  Palm,'  with  the  segments  of  the  leaves 
converging  upwards,  and  K.  Fosteriana,  or  *  Thatch 
Palm,'  with  the  segments  hanging.  The  specimens, 
as  far  as  they  go,  show  no  difference,  and  the  distinct- 
ness of  the  two,  whether  as  varieties  or  species, 
remains  to  be  ascertained."  Wendland  considers  that 
"  Kentia  australis  is  perhaps  a  good  species,  but 
Fosteriana  and  Belmoreana  are  doubtfully]  distinct." 

Full  grown  plants  have  a  stem  35  feet  high,  smooth, 
annulated,  and  bearing  a  crown  of  shining  green 
leaves  which  are  8  feet  long,  pinnate,  the  segments 
numerous  and  acuminate  and  gracefully  arching, 
as  also  is  the  whole  leaf.  The  fruit  is  oblong  or 
ellipsoid,  I — I J  inch  long,  the  pericarp,  when  dry, 
like  the  husk  of  a  Cocoa-nut,  enclosing  a  seed  the  size 
of  a  Damson.  Seedling  leaves  bipartite,  usually  the 
third  leaf  becoming  pinnate. 


DlCEMBER   12,    1885.) 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


749 


The  beauty  and  usefulness  of  these  Palms  is  abun- 
dantly recofjnised  by  their  being  keenly  sought  after 
by  nurserymen  and  plant  decorators.  They  form 
pretty  little  table  plants  in  about  two  years  from 
seeds,  and  when  grown  on  they  assume  a  most  ele- 
gant character,  which,  whether  in  the  stove  or  exhi- 
bition tent,  is  rarely  equalled  by  any  other  Palm. 
They  require  the  treatment  of  tropical  stove  plants. 


ments,  which  are  broad  on  small  plants,  dark  green 
and  shining.  As  an  ornamental  plant  this  is  fre- 
quently cultivated  in  gardens.  It  requires  a  moist 
tropical  stove,  where,  with liberaltreatment  as  regards 
water  and  soil,  it  soon  developes  into  a  majestic 
Palm. 

H,  IVendlandiana,  Wendl.  and  Dr.  (Kentia  Wend- 
landiana,  F.  M.). — Tropical  Australia. 


Fig.    I6S.  — CHA.MrECLADON    METALLICUM.        (SEE    P.    750.) 


H.  Fosieriana^  Beccari.  — "  Flat  or  Thatch-leas 
Palm  "  (Kentia  Fosteriana,  F.  Mueller  ;  K.  australis, 
Hort.  ;  Grisebachia  Fosteriana,  W.  and  D.). — Lord 
Howe's  Island. 

} H.  Belmorcana,  Beccari.  —  "Curly  Palm"  {Kentia 
Belmoreana,  F.  M.  ;  Grisebachia  Belmoreana,  W. 
and  D.).  —  Lord  Howe's  Island. 

Hydriastele,    lyemiianii  and  DritJe, 
Under   this  name  is  placed  the  beautiful   garden 


HvosrATHE,  Martius. 
There  are  three  species  included  under  this,  all 
natives  of  Brazil.  They  ate  not  yet  introduced  into 
gardens,  the  plant  known  to  botanists  and  cultivated 
in  some  gardens  as  H.  pubigera  being  now  placed 
under  Prestcea. 

Hyophorhe,   GiTrtn£f\ 

The  three  species  included  here  belong  to  the  most 

useful  of  cultivated   Palms,   as  they  are   clean,    free 


Fig.    169. — GRINDING   MACHINE:     A,    IN    USE   GRINDING   REAPER- KNIFE  ;     E,    IN    USE  ON 
ORDINARY    WORK.      {SEE   P.    748.) 


Palm  known  as  Kentia  Wendlandiana,  and  described 
under  that  name  in  Bentham's  Flora  Attstraliensis 
as  follows  :^'*  A  tall  Palm,  leaves  many  feet  long, 
the  segments  numerous,  unequal,  the  longest  \\  foot 
long,  the  upper  ones  confluent  at  the  base,  all  or 
mostly  jagged  or  toothed  at  the  apex.  Fruit  ovoid  or 
globular,  when  dry  about  4  lines  in  diameter,  and 
longitudinally  striate,  with  prominent  ribs,  succulent 
when  fresh,  with  a  thin  endocarp."  Young  plants 
have  the  appearance  of  some  of  the  Ptychospermas, 
both  in  habit  and  in  the  jagged  apex  to  the  leaf  seg- 


growers,  very  graceful  when  young,  and  form  hand- 
some specimens  when  large.  Being  natives  of 
Mauritius  and  Rodriguez  they  require  to  be  grown  in 
a  stove,  though  they  may  be  frequently  used  for 
decorative  purposes  in  houses  without  doing  them 
much  harm.  There  is  in  gardens  some  confusion 
with  II.  indicfl  and  the  plant  known  as  Areca 
lutescens,  referred  by  Wendland  to  Chrysalidocarpus. 
The  former  has  a  single  stem,  which  when  full  grown 
is  40  feet  or  more  high,  tapering,  and  about  6  inches 
in  diameter ;  the  leaves  long,  pinnate,  the  segments 


prominently  veined,  and  bearing  near  the  base  whilibh 
hair-like  scales  ;  the  whole  plant  being  uniformly 
dark  green.  The  latter  plant  has  numerous  tufted 
Bamboo-like  stems,  smooth,  shining,  arching,  rather 
short  leaves,  the  petioles  of  which  are  yellowish, 
hence  the  name  lutescens. 

H,  a/naricaulis  is  a  very  robust  Palm  even  when 
young,  and  is  easily  recognised  by  its  brown-tinted 
leaf-stalks  and  dark  green  segments.  Fully  developed 
plants  have  stems  60  feet  high,  bottle  shaped,  2  feel 
in  diameter  at  the  base,  and  strong  leaf-stalks  bearing 
a  pinnate  blade  3  feet  wide  by  8  feet  in  length. 

H,  Verse  ha ff'eltii  has  apparently  a  trigonous  stem 
when  young  (tcully  the  sheathing  bases  of  the  petioles, 
the  true  stem  being  round),  and  a  petiole  marked  with 
a  yellow  band  extending  along  its  whole  length  ;  the  * 
segments  of  the  leaves  are  a  dark  shining  green,  with 
a  prominent  central  nerve.  When  full  grown  it  has 
a  stem  25  feet  high,  with  a  curious  bulge  at  the  base, 
where  it  is  about  a  foot  wide.  The  seeds  are  small, 
from  t — I  inch  long,  narrow,  rounded,  and  maiked 
with  a  few  irregular  lines.     Seedling  leaves  bipartite, 

H,  amaricaulis^  Martius  {Arecaspeciosa  and  Hyo- . 
spathe  amaricauUs,  Hort.),  Illmi.  Hort.^  xiH.,  462. — 
Mauritius. 

H,  indica^  Gaertn.  (H.  Oommersoniana,  Martius  ; 
Areca  lutescens,  Bory.,  not  of  gardens). — Mauritius. 

H.  Verschaffeltii^  Wendland  (Areca  Verschaffeltii, 
Hort.),  Illitst,  Hort,^  xiii.,  462.  —  Rodriguez. 

HypHvENE,  GcErtner. 

Although  the  plants  of  this  genus  are  in- 
teresting botanicaliy,  owing  to  their  stems  being 
frequently  branched  or  dichotomous,  a  character 
very  rare  among  Palms,  and  economically  from 
the  ginger-bread-like  rind  of  the  fruit,  which  is 
eaten  by  the  natives  of  those  parts  of  Africa  where  the 
species  are  found  wild,  yet  none  of  the  species  appear 
to  have  ever  become  established  in  European  collec- 
tions, notwithstanding  their  having  been  frequently 
raised  from  seeds,  both  at  Kew  and  elsewhere,  during 
the  last  thirty  or  forty  years.  Young  plants  of  the 
"DoumPalm,"  H,  thebaica,  are  in  the  Kew  col- 
lection at  the  present  time,  but  these  show  a  very 
stubborn  disposition  as  regards  growth,  though  they 
are  now  healthy  enough.  According  to  Dr.  Kirk, 
some  of  the  species  are  common  to  the  maritime 
region,  as  is  the  Cocoa-nut,  whilst  others  aie  found 
only  inland  along  river  banks.  H.  thebaica,  accord- 
ing to  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  is  a  native  of  a  wide  area 
along  the  eastern  coast  of  the  African  continent. 

As  far  as  can  be  made  out  this  species  grows  in 
sandy  regions,  though  probably  where  its  long  tap- 
roots are  within  reach  of  a  constant  supply  of  water. 
At  Kew,  recent  experience  with  young  plants  ol  H. 
thebaica  show  that  an  unusual  amount  of  root-room  is 
required  as  soon  as  they  germinate,  any  attempt  to 
cramp  the  roots  in  small  pots  proving  fatal.  A  plant 
placed  with  the  lower  part  of  the  soil  in  water,  kept 
at  a  temperature  of  about  So°  is  healthier  and  more 
promising  than  others  not  so  treated.  A  Palm  which 
grows  only  to  a  height  of  30  (eet,  the  stem  many 
times  divided  at  the  top,  and  bearing  large  fan-shaped 
leaves,  is  botanicaliy,  at  all  events,  deserving  of  a 
great  deal  of  attention,  with  a  view  to  getting  it  estab- 
lished in  this  country.  The  form  of  the  stem  varies 
with  the  species,  some  being  ventricose,  others  cylin- 
drical, others  dichotomous.  There  are  no  spines 
either  on  the  stem  or  the  leaf-stalks.  The  fruit  is 
Pear-shaped,  oblong,  or  curiously  bulged  at  the  base, 
and  the  seed  is  egg-shaped,  and  about  2  inches  long. 
A  fine  series  of  the  fruits  of  this  genus  may  be  seen  in 
one  of  the  museums  at  Kew.  SeedUng  leaves  long, 
strap-shaped,  acuminate,  curling  somewhat,  and 
growing  along  the  ground. 

H,  thebaica^  Martius  ("Doum  PalmJ").  —  Upper 
Egypt,  Nubia,  Abyssinia. 

Iriartea,  Ruiz  and  Pavon, 
This  genus  is  now  reduced  to  five  species,  one  only 
of  which  is  known  to  be  in  cultivation  with  us. 
They  are  handsome  and  very  distinct  Palms,  both 
when  large  and  when  in  a  small  state,  suitable 
for  ordinary  plant-houses.  The  leaves  are  pin- 
nate, and  gracefully  arched  even  on  young  plants  ; 
the  pinnas  are  broad  and  short,  premorsely  cut,  and 
are  similar  to  those  o(  the  Caryotas  and  Areugas,  but 
shorter,  and  often  rounded  like  a  Ian,  Young  plants 
with  half-a-dozen  leaves  are  very  ornamental.  The 
species  are  found  in  the  moist  woods  oi  Tropical 
America,  where  they  attain  a  height  sometimes  oi  a 
hundred  feet,  the  stems  annulated  and  unarmed, 
crowned  with  a  head  of  long  narrow  leaves,  and  elevated 


ISO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  iSSj. 


upon  a  large  cone-shaped  cluster  of  thick  roots  which 
are  developed  from  the  base  of  the  stem  at  an  early 
stage,  the  loxer  part  of  the  stem  djing  away,  so  that 
the  stem  has  the  appearance  of  havmg  been  forced 
up  some  feet  from  the  ground  by  the  pressure  of  the 
roots  against  the  earth.  The  bail<  of  Jhese  "aerial  " 
r.ots  is  roughened  like  a  grater,  for  which  it  is  used 
as  a  substitute  by  the  natives.  The  species  are  all 
reported  to  grow  in  wet  places,  so  that  under  cultiva- 
tion they  require  an  abundant  supply  of  water  ;  they 
thrive  only  in  a  tropical  temperature.  The  seeds  are 
globose,  about  an  inch  long,  the  endocarp  very  thin, 
usually  gelatinous  (Spruce),  forming  a  slightly  oblong 
covering,  and  becoming  almost  black  when  old. 
Seedling  leaves  not  seen. 

/.  dc'UoUca,  R.  and  P.  (I.  robusta,  Hort.).  — Peru. 

Several  garden  Palms  known  as  Iriaiteas  are  now 
referred  to  other  genera,  viz.,  I.  exorhiza  and  I. 
gigantea  to  Socratea,  I.  andicoia  and  I.  nivea  to 
Ceroxylon.   W, 


CHAM.-ECLADON  METALLICUM. 

This  is  a  handsome  ^tove  foliage  plant  of  the 
Aroid  family,  introduced  from  Borneo  by  the  Com- 
pagnie  Continentale  d'llorticulture,  and  figured  in 
the  IltuUration  HortUolc,  t.  S9.  It  i;  a  tufied  plant, 
the  leaf-stalks  2—3  inches  long,  purplish,  and  sheath- 
ing, the  leaf-blades  3—5  inches  long,  2 — 3  inches 
broad,  elliptic-acute,  bronzy  olive  green  above,  red- 
dish beneath.  The  inflore  cence  is  inconspicuous. 
For  the  use  o(  the  illustration  (fig.  i6S)  we  are  indebted 
to  the  Company. 


I 


Diaiig. 


ON'    BliE    LITER.^TIKE. 

The  winter  evenings  are  now  very  long,  and  afford 
the  very  best  time  to  purchase  and  read  bee  books. 
I  am  going  to  mention  the  names  of  the  best  English 
and  American  books,  but  before  commencing  allow 
me  to  f.ay  that  every  book  mentioned  in  this  article 
now  lies  before  me,  and  as  I  have  more  than  dipped 
into  them  your  readers  may  rely  on  my  statements. 

One  of  the  very  best  published  in  England,  if  not 
the  best,  is  Ihc  Apiary^  by  Mr.  Alfred  Neighbour. 
This  book  has  been  through  several  editions,  and  the 
last  edition  has  been  almost  entirely  rewritten,  and  is 
thoroughly  reliable  and  accurate.  The  British  LWi- 
A'ceper's  Gui<ic  Booh,  by  Th'jmas  William  Cowan, 
Esq.,  is  a  very  good  little  book  indeed,  and  is  written 
by  one  of  our  most  successful  bee-keepers.  Other 
very  good  books  are  Bcc-h'epiu^  Plain  and  Practical 
by  Alfred  Rusbridge,  and  the  Bee  keeper's  Manual, 
by  the  late  Henry  Taylor,  and  revised  by  Mr.  Alfred 
Watts. "  Then  we  have  the  Bfiiish  Bee  Journal,  at 
present  published  fortnightly,  but  to  be  published 
weekly,  commencing  with  January,  1SS6. 

I  have  been  greatly  instructed  by  a  splendid  lot  of 
books,  published  in  the  United  Slates  of  America. 
It  muit  not  be  forgotten  that  the  Americans  were 
tirst  in  the  field  wiih  some  of  our  most  useful 
appliances,  and  the  apiaries  in  America  must  be 
very  extensive,  and  make  one  long  to  see  them. 

7 he  Hive  and  Honey  Bee,  by  the  Rev.  L.  L.  Langs- 
troth  is  a  very  fine  work  on  bees,  and  is  indeed  a 
classic.  The  only  fault  to  find  is  that  as  it  has  not 
been  revised  since  1S5S  it  is  not  quite  up  to  the  limes, 
but  Mr.  Langstroth  tells  me  he  is  bringing  out 
another.  He  is  veiy  advanced  in  years.  May  he 
live  to  do  it  is  our  wish.  The  Bee-keefers  Guide,  by 
Professor  A.  J.  Cook,  of  JMichigan  Slate  Agricultural 
College,  is  written  by  a  scholar  of  the  first  order,  and 
as  the  book  sells  so  quickly  fresh  editions  are  con- 
stantly called  for,  and  so  the  book  contains  every- 
thing required.  A  book  that  has  highly  pleased  me 
is  the  A.  B.  C.  of  Bee  Cnllure,  by  A.  J.  Root, 
Medina,  Ohio.  Mr.  Root  keeps  the  type  always 
standing,  and  when  he  finds  out  anything  fresh  im- 
mediately puts  it  in  type.  Bees  and  Honey,  by  T.  G. 
Newman,  of  Chicago,  is  an  excellent  book.  It  is 
rather  smaller  than  the  books  before  mentioned,  but 
none  the  worse  for  that.  Mr.  Newman  publishes  the 
American  Bee  Jotrnal,  a  weekly  paper  full  of  excel- 
lence. Qjinby's  .\'ew  Beekeeping  is  an  excellent 
work,  li  has  been  revised  by  his  son-in-law,  L.  C. 
Root.  The  Bee  keeper's  Text- Book,  by  the  Messrs. 
King,  is  a  very  nice  little  book,  and  sells  well.  The 
copyright  has  been  purchased  by  King,  Aspiowall  & 


Co.,  of  New  York  ;  55,000  copies  have  been  sold. 
Blessed  Bees,  by  John  Allen,  is  a  book  well  worth 
reading,  and  will  make  you  open  your  eyes.  My  name 
was  written  in  my  copy  by  "John  Allen"  himself, 
who,  by-the-bye,  is  not  John  Allen,  but  a  respected 
American  clergyman.  The  Bee  keeper's  Handybook, 
by  Henry  Alley,  is  chiefly  devoted  to  queen  rearing, 
in  which  Mr.  Alley  has  been  very  successful.  In 
conclusion,  the  reader  must  not  think  the  American 
books  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  merit.  That 
would  be  very  difficult  to  do.  All  these  books  can 
be  purchased  at  Messrs.  Neighbour's,  in  Regent  Street 
and  High  Holborn.  Allies. 


ORCHIDS    FOR    AMATEURS. 

{CoHiiinied  from  p.  430.) 

Epidendrum.— 4.    The    Barkeria    Section 

{couiiuued), 
E.  {Barkeria)  spectabilis. — Stems,  for  they  can 
scarcely  be  called  pseudobulbs,  quill-like,  about 
6  inches  long,  wilh  two  or  three  dark  green  leaves, 
allernaling  wilh  each  other.  Peduncle  surrounded  at 
its  base  by  a  long  sheathing  scale-like  bract.  Flowers 
eight  or  ten  in  number,  nearly  2  inches  in  diameter. 
Sepals  spreading,  all  three  directed  upwards,  lateral 
petals  somewhat  broader  than  the  sepals  directed 
downwards.  Labellum  broad  and  pointed.  The 
whole  flower  is  of  a  delicate  lilac  colour,  with  dark 
rose-purple  spots  on  the  labellura.  It  is  a  native  of 
Guatemala,  and  flowers  in  summer. 

K.  {Barkcrid)  (7<('a«j.  — Stems  or  pseudobulbs 
quill-like,  S  or  lo  inches  long,  wilh  four  alternate 
sheathing  leaves.  Peduncle  twice  as  long  as  the 
bulb?,  green,  blotched  wilh  purple,  and  sheathed  with 
several  scale-like  bracts  arising  at  interval.--.  In- 
florescence a  lax  raceme  of  four  or  live  flowers. 
Petals  and  sepals  almost  white  within,  and  lilac- 
purple  without,  lip  large,  nearly  square,  with  a  long 
point.  The  disc  of  the  lip  has  an  oblong  callus 
raised  into  three  ridges.  The  limb  of  the  labellum 
is  nearly  white,  wilh  a  large  purple  blotch  in  its 
centre.  The  column  is  very  broad,  white,  dotted 
with  deep  purple  spots.  Doih  the  column  and  the 
base  of  the  lip  are  stained  wilh  yellow.  This  plant 
is  a  native  of  Mexico,  and  it  flowers  in  winter  after 
the  fall  of  iis  leaves. 

E,  {Baikcrid)  mclanocau'on  closely  resembles  E. 
clegans  in  its  habit,  but  the  stems  are  of  a  deep 
purple  colour.  The  flower  Is  rose-coloured  to  the  cal- 
lus at  the  base  of  the  labellum,  this  and  the  column 
are  pale  green— the  latter  striated  with  deep  purple. 
It  is  a  native  of  Costa  Rica,  and  flowers  from  June 
to  September, 

Zi",  {Barkeria)  cychiel'a  is  intermediate  between 
the  two  last-named  species.  The  flowers  resemble 
those  of  E.  elegans,  and  the  stems  those  of  E.  melano- 
caulon. 

E.  [Barkeria)  Lindleyamim. — The  whole  plant 
resembles  E.  elegans,  but  the  flowering  stems  are 
more  slender.  The  flowers  are  of  a  delicate  lilac 
colour,  but  the  disc  on  the  labellum  is  white  and 
raised  into  a  double  keet.  The  column  is  clavate 
and  narrowly  winged,  its  apex  is  3  lobed.  It  is  a 
native  of  Costa  Rica  and  Panama,  and  it  flowers  in 
September  and  October.     A  variety  of  this  plant, 

E.  Lindleyannitm  Cenler>r,  from  Panama,  has  the 
anterior  half  of  the  lip  of  a  deep  purple  colour.  It 
was  named  after  Mrs.  Center,  the  wife  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Panama  Railway  (CiiJ-./W/trrj' 
Chronicle,  November  29,  1S73,  p.  1597). 

E.  {Barkeria)  Skifincri. — A  very  floriferous  species, 
the  racemes  often  consisting  of  from  twenty  to  thirty 
flowers.  These  are  of  a  deep  rose-colour.  It  is  a 
native  of  Guatemala,  and  flowers  in  winter.  A 
variety, 

E.  Skinneri  sttpcri-a,  is  described  wilh  larger  and 
more  brilliantly  coloured  flowers,  in  which  the  lip  has 
a  deeper  colour,  and  yellow  strix  at  its  base, 

5.  Radicans  Section. 
The  remainder  of  the  Epidendrums  have  a  very 
distinct  habit,  the  stems  are  cane-like,  and  never 
assume  the  form  of  pseudobulbs.  These  are  the 
most  brilliant  plants  in  the  genus.  They  will  do 
best  wilh  pot  culture,  and  the  greater  number 
require  a  high  temperature.  In  some  the  stems  are 
semi-scandent,  in  others  they  are  erect,  and  grow  3  or 
4  feet  high.  In  some  a  spathe  surrounds  the  base  of 
the  flower-stem,  the  subgenus  "  Spathium  "  of  L'nd- 
jey,  in  others  the  spathe  is  absent.     These  form  the 


subgenera  Amphiglottum  and  Euepidendrum  of  the 
same  author.  As  the  characters  of  the^e  subgenera 
are  somewhat  recondite,  and  the  characters  seem  to 
merge  in^o  each  other,  I  have  not  attempted  to 
separate  them. 

Epidendrum  radieam  (E.  rhlziphorum  of  Bite- 
min,  in  Bofaaiial  /le^is/er,  1838). —This  plant  has 
long,  climbing,  jointed  stems,  rooting  at  intervals, 
wilh  long  while  roots.  The  stems  are  leafless  below, 
sheathed  wiih  scales,  but  bear  numerous  broad,  sub- 
cordate,  fleshy,  sheathing  leaves  above.  The  inflor- 
escence is  terminal,  and  compressed  into  a  globular 
head.  The  flowers  are  as  much  as  I V  inch  across, 
and  bright  scarlet.  Eich  head  of  flowers  is  from 
3  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  as  the  plant  flowers 
freely,  it  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent  in  the  genus. 
The  lip  has  a  yellow  throat  and  it  encloses  the  column, 
its  limb  is  three-lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  sharply 
toothed,  the  middle  lobe  deeply  notched  (emarginate), 
and  toothed. 

This  plant  is  a  native  of  Guatemala,  where  it  grows 
in  the  grass,  it  needs  pot  culture,  and  is  most  ctTeciive 
when  trained  over  a  wire-basket,  The  temperature 
of  the  East  Indian-house  is  recommended,  but  it 
could  hardly  fail  in  the  Cattleya-house. 

E.  Schombur^kii  is  closely  allied  to  the  last  in  habit 
and  form  of  inflorescence.  Its  long  reed-like  stems 
are  clothed  wiih  a  double  row  of  obtuse  fleshy  oblong 
leaves,  often  bordered  with  crimson.  It  emits  no 
roots  (rom  the  stems.  The  flowers  are  of  a  rich  scar- 
let when  they  first  open,  but  they  uliimitely  become 
crimson.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  narrow  and  spread- 
ing, the  lip  is  three-lobed,  strongly  keeled  at  its  base 
and  more  or  less  laciniate  in  its  Hmb.  The  form  of 
the  lip  varies  much,  and  it  is  often  so  deeply  divided 
that  it  assumes  the  form  of  a  circular  disc  surrounded 
by  a  deep  fringe.     It  is  a  native  of  D^merara. 

E  cinnal'arinum  \?,a.\\\\id  closely  allied  species,  from 
Hahia.  Ii  only  differs  from  the  last  in  the  wedge- 
shaped  undivided  central  lobe  of  the  labellum. 

E.  H'ailisii  resembles  the  three  last  in  Jhabit,  but 
its  tall  stems,  which  are  often  3  or  4  feet  long,  are 
clothed  wilh  leaves  to  the  bas''.  The  stems  are  reed- 
like,  and  the  leaves  are  thick  and  fleshy.  The 
inflorescence  is  a  compressed  raceme,  and  heads  of 
flowers  are  not  only  produced  al  ihe  extremities  of  the 
stems,  but  al  intervals  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 
The  flowers  are  lA  inch  in  diameter,  the  sepals  and 
lateral  petals  are  of  a  deep  golden  yellow,  doited  with 
small  distant  crimson  spots.  The  lip  is  fan-shaped, 
deeply  cut  into  four  divibions,  white,  and  pencilled 
with  feathery  radiating  lines  of  crimson.  Mr, 
Williams  recommends  the  Catlleya-house  as  the  most 
suitable  for  this  magnificent  plant.  It  needs  an 
abundant  supply  of  water  when  growing,  and,  like 
the  three  last,  may  be  most  ctTectively  displayed  by 
training  it  over  a  wire  basket.  It  is  a  native  of  New 
Granada,  and  the  flowers  are  fragrant  with  a  musky 
perfume. 

E,  elliptiiunt,  also  called  E,  erassi/idiuf/i.—Hiemi 
long  and  reed-like,  with  scales  below,  and  a  double 
row  of  thick,  fleshy,  concave,  oval  leaves  above. 
The  flower-stem  is  terminal  and  covered  wilh  close 
sheathing  bracts,  and  it  bears  a  profusion  of  pale 
rose-coloured  flowers  in  summer.  This  is  by  no  means 
so  handsome  a  plant  as  the  majority  in  cultivation. 
It  is  from  the  Organ  Mountains.  A  closely  allied 
species,  wilh  narrower  leaves  and  darker  flowers, 

E.  eloui^aiuin^  is  a  native  of  the  West  Indies.  It  is 
also  sometimes  cultivated. 

E.  syrini^oih)'rsus. — This  plant  has  reed-like  stems, 
3  or  4  feet  high,  with  bright  green  distichous  leaves, 
and  a  dense  terminal  panicle  of  deep  purple  flowers. 
The  labellum  is  white.  There  are  often  as  many  as 
a  hundred  flowers  on  each  stem.  It  is  a  native  of 
Peru,  and  is  found  in  damp  places  on  the  mountains 
at  an  elevation  of  from  7000  to  8000  feel.  It,  there- 
fore, requires  cool  treatment,  and  should  be  grown 
in  the  OJontoglossura-house.   B.  T.  Z,. 

{To  be  continued.') 


HERBACEOUS  BORDERS. 
Plants  may  be  divided  and  rearranged  if  required, 
and  as  most  herbaceous  plants  flourish  best  in  a  deep 
and  rich  soil  it  should  have  some  well  decayed 
manure  dug  in  between  them,  and  if  leaf-mould  is 
put  round  the  plants  they  will  be  protected  from  the 
frost. 

Shrubs  and  Propagating. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  put  in  cuttings  of  Aucuba 
japonica,^  Euonymus  jiponica  and  its  varieties  ;  also 
Laurustinus,     Ivies  —  green    and    variegated    kinds, 


December  12,  1885  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


751 


Lonicera  aurea  reticulata,  Ketinosporas  and  Thu'ia 
Lobbii,  T.  lulea,  T.  Houkeriana,  Thuiopsis  boreali?, 
T.  aurea  variegata,  and  T.  dolabrata.  I  propagate 
the  abovementioned  plants  in  three  difterent  ways, 
first  by  layers,  which  make  plants  far  quicker 
than  by  cuttings.  In  doing  so  clear  round 
the  bottom  of  each  shrub,  then  place  some 
light  sandy  mould  on  the  surface  round  the 
plants  to  be  operated  upon,  then  take  shoots  a  foot 
long  and  cut  a  no'ch  or  tongue,  pegging  them 
down  firmly  and  cover  with  the  light  mould.  In 
twelve  months  they  will  have  made  nice  plants, 
and  should  be  cut  off  from  the  stock  plant  and  be 
planted  in  the  beds.  Cuttings  root  freely  if  put 
into  frames,  or  under  handlighls  placed  under  a  north 
wall.  Place  at  the  bottom  of  the  frame  3  inches  of 
drainage,  and  on  the  top  of  that  place  6  inches  of 
light  sandy  mould,  and  I  inch  of  sand  on  the  top  ; 
all  should  be  made  quite  firm.  The  cutting?,  6  —  7 
inches  long,  should  be  of  well  ripened  wood,  avoiding 
strong  pieces  and  that  which  is  unripened. 

After  taking  two  or  three  leaves  from  the  bottom 
of  the  stem,  the  end  should  be  cut  with  a  sharp 
knife,  and  the  cuttings  dibbled  into  the  fiame 
to  the  depth  of  2  or  3  inches,  about  3  inches 
apart,  and  all  made  quite  firm,  and  should  then 
be  sprinkled  overhead  with  a  fine  rose  walerpot  and 
afterwards  when  they  require  it  ;  air  on  fine  days. 
As  soon  as  they  are  rooted  the  frame  can  be  re- 
moved. I  have  succeeded  well  in  striking  the 
above  mentioned  plants  by  dibbling  out  under  a 
northern  aspect  without  the  protection  of  frame  or 
handlight,  or  by  simply  putting  the  cu'.tings  into  slight 
trenches  about  3  inches  deep,  filling  the  trench  wi  h 
said,  and  treading  them  firm  at  the  finish,  I  find  mo  t 
of  th?m  grow  under  this  treatment,  and  make  nice 
little  stuff  fit  for  filling  the  flower-beds  in  winter,  and 
when  the  plants  get  too  large  for  that  position  they 
come  in  most  useful  for  planting  out  into  the  pleasure 
grounds,  lScc.  Win,  Smylhe^  The  Gar  Jens  ^  Baun^ 
Park,  Alton. 


Blanta  and  ^t\\  ^;iltur^f. 


WATERING  PLANTS. 
This  is  a  point  in  plant  culture  {in  pots)  that  is 
frequently  much  neglected.  I  do  not  mean  by  this 
that  an  insufficient  supply  is  given  on  the  whole,  nor 
that  the  oiher  extreme  is  practised,  but  with  an  in- 
experienced man  in  charge,  injury  from  the  last-named 
source  is  far  more  likely  to  occur.  With  all  beginners 
a  proper  knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  cultivated 
plants  should  receive  close  attention,  as  much  in  re- 
gard to  watering  as  in  choosing  the  potting  soil,  and 
other  necessaries  of  plant  life  in  pots.  A  study  of  the 
roots,  their  character,  and  mode  of  growth,  their 
durability  and  relative  numbers  in  proportion  to  the 
foliage  of  the  plant,  will  all  need  to  be  considered  ;  the 
character  of  the  plant  itself  also  requires  to  be  looked 
into — rapid  growth  in  any  given  genus  as  a  rule  de- 
notes a  proportionate  supply  of  water  to  sustain  its 
root-action,  slower  growth  points  to  a  more  moderate 
supply,  whilst  in  the  case  of  plants  of  hard  wiry 
growth  (such  as  many  of  the  New  Holland  plants  of 
our  greenhouses)  the  most  careful  attention  is  essen- 
tial to  maintain  them  in  a  healthy  state,  and  with 
such,  extremes  must  be  avoided.  One  point  in  regard 
to  the  latter  class  of  plants  requires  much  attention, 
that  is,  any  plant  that  has  become  pot-bound,  if,  it  has 
been  well  grown  and  good  soil  has  been  used,  the  ball 
will  have  become  a  compact  mass  of  roots  and 
soil,  and  most  likely  the  roots  will  have  taken 
firm  hold  of  the  surface  soil.  Now  in  such  a  case  if 
there  is  not  too  much  room  left  for  the  reception  of 
water  by  reason  of  the  plant  being  low  in  the 
pot,  once  or  even  twice  filling  the  pot  with  water  will 
not  be  sufficient  to  penetrate  the  entire  ball  ;  the  result 
in  such  cuses  of  omission  to  give  water  being  a  loss 
of  those  roots  that  have  congregated  around  the  drain- 
age and  lower  portion  of  the  ball  of  the  plant.  If 
this  occurs  with  Ericas,  or  Azaleas  for  a  few  times,  the 
issue  bye-and-bye  will  be  apparent  in  the  development 
of  puny  diminutive  flowers  in  the  place  of  those  of  good 
size  and  strength.  The  slopping  system  of  watering  is 
bad  with  all  plants,  a  little  now  and  a  little  another 
time  should  not  be  tolerated  in  any  case,  and  parti- 
cularly so  when  dealing  with  plants  of  woody  growth. 
Watering,  too,  is  oftentimes  hurried  over  in  order  to 


get  on  with  other  work.  Now  when  this  occurs,  the 
consequences  will  defeat  the  real  object  in  view,  viz,, 
*' ill-round  "  success.  It  is  a  bad  plan  I)  give  a 
superficial  attention  at  the  watering,  equally  as  nuich 
as  it  is  to  go  to  the  other  extreme  and  water  plants 
against  their  needing  any  the  next  day.  After  a  close 
observation  of  the  requirements  of  each  gsnu=,  the  ait 
of  watering  is  simplified.  Tho  health  of  each 
individual  plant  will  need  to  be  studied,  and  its  state 
at  the  root  as  to  whether  it  has  been  potted  lately  or 
become  potbound,  must  also  be  thought  of.  Plants 
that  are  usually  grown  in  peat  or  in  a  compost  in 
which  this  mat'^rial  is  the  chief  component,  will  not 
as  a  rule  bear  to  become  so  dry  at  the  root  during  any 
season  of  the  jear  as  those  that  are  grown  chi'^fly  in 
loam  or  manured  soil.  We  have  been  induced  tp 
make  thj^se  brief  remarks  now,  knowing  that  all 
plants  require  a  greater  amount  of  attention  in  respect 
to  watering  {i  c* ,  in  a  careful  manner)  at  this  season 
of  the  year,  than  at  almost  any  other  time.  J. 
Hudson,  Gunnershitry  Home  Gardens, 


"Pl^UITg     ^NDEF^     '(^l^AgS. 


EARLY  VINES. 
The  lime  at  which  early  Vines  shr.uld  be  slarltd 
into  growth  for  the  ensuing  season  will  very  much 
depend  on  the  nature  of  the  requirements.  If  a  con- 
tinuous supply  of  ripe  Grapes  is  required  all  the  year 
round  the  supply  on  hand  must  of  necessity  in  the 
same  degree  rule  the  milter ;  if  a  sufficient  supply  of 
them  on  hand  will  meet  the  demands  from  now  and 
onwards  until  the  end  of  nrxt  April,  there  will  be  no 
necessity  to  start  the  first  vinery  earlier  than  the  first 
or  second  week  in  December,  because  those  Vines  will 
produce  ripe  fruit  by  .May  t  next,  in  readiness  to  continue 
the  supply  onwards.  All  those  practically  acquainted 
with  lorcing  Vines  very  eaily  know  full  well  the 
trouble  and  expense  it  is,  and  the  fatal  constq  rences 
to  which  it  speedily  leads,  and  therefore  it  should  be 
avoi.led  as  much  as  possible  ;  nei'.her  is  it  absolutely 
necjisiry  now-a-days,  as  it  was  formerly,  before  we 
pisiesied  that  excellent  late  kind  of  Ijrape,  namely. 
Lady  Downe's  ;  thii  variety,  keeping,  a;  it  doe^, 
until  May,  has  sensibly  diminished  the  very  early 
forcing  of  Vines,  and  plainly  indicated  the  advantajje 
of  growing  more  late  Grapes,  which  can  be  produced 
at  much  less  cost  in  every  way,  and  which  answer  the 
end  for  general  purposes  as  well  as  tending  to  post- 
pone forcing  operations  at  least  a  month,  and  to  a  more 
seasonable  period  at  which  year  after  year  conse- 
cutively Vines  may  be  gently  excited  without  being 
much  impaired. 

Treatment  oi'  TitE  Early  House. 

Vines  started  now  should  be  gentlyexcited  by  keeping 
a  regular  temperature  inthehouse  of  about  55"  at  night, 
and  from  65°  to  70°  in  the  day  time  ;  in  houses  that 
will  admit  of  a  good  heap  or  bed  of  fermenting 
materials  being  placed  within  it,  this  should  be  done, 
as  by  means  of  the  vapour  and  genial  condition  pro- 
duced, growth  is'more  readily  excited  ;  under  other  cir- 
cumstances it  will  be  necessary  to  provide  a  genial 
state  by  means  of  sprinkling  all  available  surfaces 
about  the  house  occasionally  when  they  become  dry. 
Syringe  the  Vines  early  in  the  morning  and  at  cloiing 
up  time  in  the  afternoon,  on  sunny  days,  freely  venti- 
late, closing  up  the  house  at  about  70' ;  fire-heat 
should  only  be  used  to  keep  up  the  heat  at  the  points 
before  mentioned. 

Tot  Vines. 

Where  early  pot  Vines  are  cultivated  they  will  at 
some  places  be  considerably  advanced  in  growth  now  ; 
encourage  it  by  givingthebestattention  to  all  mattersio 
detail.  Stop  the  shoots  at  the  first  or  second  leaf  above 
the  bunch  and  the  lateral  growths  above  the  first  leaf; 
keep  the  temperature  at  about  58°  at  night,  and  70' 
in  the  daytime  by  fire  heat,  and  from  5°  to  10°  more 
by  solar  heat,  when  the  house  should  be  carefully 
ventilated  so  as  to  avoid  a  cold  current  of  air.  Diligent 
care  in  the  moistening  of  heated  surfaces  should  also 
be  exercised,  otherwise  not  only  the  leaves  but  the 
fruit  when  in  a  tender  state  may  be  irreparably 
dimaged.  At  this  advanced  period  it  will  be  advis- 
able to  set  the  Grapes  when  they  come  into  (lower 
with  a  camel-hair  pencil,  especially  any  kinds  which 
may  be  grown  that  are  known  to  require  it.  If  the 
pots  are  plunged  in  beds  keep  the  heat  regular  at 


70°  to  80'.  As  soon  as  the  roots  become  active  encou- 
rage surface  ones  to  the  fullest  extent  :  as  soon  as  one 
layer  of  stuff  is  permeated  by  the  roots  add  fresh 
material  in  a  warm  and  lumpy  state.  This  should 
be  applied  in  a  rough  not  compact  form.  Watering, 
which  is  the  most  important  operation,  must  be  done 
by  well  practised  hands,  or  otherwise  every  care 
should  be  exercised  in  the  matter.  Tepid  water 
s'ightly  improved  wiih  guano  or  other  manure, 
should  be  given  whenever  necessary,  and  of  which 
a  cinsiderable  quantity  will  be  necessary  when  the 
plants  are  healthful  and  the  drainage  of  the  pots 
perfect.    G.  T.  Miles,  H'ycomOe  Abbev  Gardens. 


!itc|iOT 


I  HAVE  not  advised  the  sowing  of  Peas  in 
autumn,  having  come  t)  |lhe  concUs.on  that  there 
is  really  no  gain  attached  to  this  practice  —  in 
fact,  generally  speaking  it  ends  in  loss  and  disap- 
pointment. A  south  border  should  now  be  prepared 
(as  soon  as  the  soil  is  in  condition  for  such  work)  ia 
readiness  to  receive  Peas  to  be  turned  out  of  small 
pots  some  two  months  hence.  If  the  same  south 
border  has  to  be  used  successively  for  this  crop  a 
little  fresli  soil  as  well  as  manure  should  be  added, 
such  as  old  frame  soil,  or  sittings  from  beneath  the 
pjtting  bench,  no  feat  need  then  be  entertained  but 
what  as  good  results  as  formerly  will  follow. 

Dung-bed  Frames. 
The  time  is  fast  approaching  when  preparations  for 
the  production  of  early  spring  crops  must  be  com- 
menced herein.  The  first  to  claim  attention  will  be 
I'otatos  and  Radishes,  and  these  can  be  produced  in 
succession  on  the  same  hotbed.  Lasting  hotbeds 
are  of  the  greatest  importance,  and  to  assure  these 
the  heating  material  must  be  well  managed.  By  the 
end  of  December  or  the  beginning  of  the  New  Vear 
\\\z  first  hotbed  should  be  ready  to  receive  the  Potato 
sets.  When  these  are  planted  sow  the  bed  broadcast 
with  early  forcing  Turnip  Radish  seed  or  Wood's 
Frame.  Probably  the  whole  of  the  latter  crop  cannot 
be  left  long  enough  to  come  to  maturity  but  a  great 
many  bunches  may  be  gathered  before  it  is  necessary 
to  remove  what  remains  small  and  unfit  to  gather,  in 
order  to  clear  the  ground,  so  that  the  soil  between  the 
rows  becomes  avadible  for  earthing-up  the  Potatos. 
About  the  same  date  a  smaller  hotbed  should  be  got 
in  readiness  and  sown  with  Radishes  alone.  These 
should  be  pushed  on,  with  early  closing  towards  the 
afternoon  ;  the  crop  on  the  Potato  bed  will  form  a 
succession  to  these. 

The  CuCUMt)ER-HOUSE, 

The  ill  effects  produced  on  the  plants  by  the  past 
dull  sunless  weather,  will  be  plainly  visible  in  weaker 
growth  and  paler  foliage,  and  the  much  slower 
development  of  the  Cucumbers,  If  it  is  desired  that 
the  plants  keep  up  an  unbroken  supply  of  fruit, 
the  young  shows  must  be  well  thinned  out,  and  only 
just  sufficient  allowed  to  grow  large  enough  for  use  to 
keep  up  the  supply.  The  fruit  should  also  be  cut  in 
a  young  state,  and  not  allowed  to  hang  on  the  plants 
a  day  after  they  are  large  enough  to  use— r  c,  when 
they  are  from  J— I  inch  in  diameter.  If  not  already 
being  practised,  discontinue  the  slopping  of  lateral 
growths  ;  should  this  cause  a  too  thick  canopy  of 
foliage,  some  of  them  should  be  removed  entirely. 
Watering  the  plants  must  now  be  done  very  care- 
fully ;  this  and  the  management  of  the  top  and 
bottom  heat,  will  play  a  very  important  part  in  the 
maintenance  of  healthy  fruiting  plants.  The  atmo- 
spheric condition  of  the  house  mast  also  be  strictly 
regulated  in  accordance  with  the  weather  and  ventila- 
tion. Daring  dull  weather  guard  against  a  too  free 
u:e  of  water,  both  for  syringing  and  damping.  When 
the  weather  is  favourable  for  syringing  let  it  be 
thoroughly  done  :  the  same  remarks  apply  when 
giving  water  at  the  root. 

On  favourable  mornings  admit  a  little  air  early,  and 
close  in  time  to  catch  sufficient  sun-heat  to  raise  the 
thermometer  10°  or  15'  above  the  night  temperature, 
which  should  now  range  from  65"— 6S°.  On  dull 
days  the  temperature  should  be  raised  4'  or  5°  by  the 
aid  of  extra  fire-heat.  At  this  time  of  year  Cucumbers 
may  be  kept  firm  and  good  for  quite  a  month  after 
being  cut  from  the  plants.   G.  //.  Richards,  Somerley, 


75^ 


THE     GAkDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  1885. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 
Monday, 


(  Sale  oi  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Prdtheroe  &  Morris' 
f  Sale  ot  Consignments  of  First-class  Bulbs, 


1  Seeds,  Fl; 
I  theroe  &  Morris' 
r  Sale  or  a  Collection 

I      Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Rooms.  .       ,     , 

(■Sale  of  Importations  o\_  White  Lcelias,  aiid 


iSale  of  ( 
Bordei 
Sale  of  I 
Rooms 


r  Sale  of  Consignments  of  First-class  Bulbs, 
■'     ler  Plants,  &c.,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

f  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Rooms. 


NOW  that  the  PLANTING  SEASON  is  in  full 
activity  we  may  once  again  call  the 
attention  of  landscape  gardeners  and  proprie- 
tors to  the  neglected  riches  by  which  they  are 
surrounded.  What  is  the  reason  that  people 
go  on  planting  the  same  trees  and  shrubs  to  the 
exclusion  of  scores  of  others  equally  good  or 
better .'  Of  course  the  attachment  to  old 
favourites  may  be" taken  as  a  testimony  to  their 
value,  and  we  shall  not  say  a  word  in  deroga- 
tion of  them.  We  simply  plead  for  a  wider, 
freer  choice,  and  a  judicious  intermixture  of  the 
more  interesting  species  with  older  and  better 
known  subjects.  It  may  be  urged  that  they  are 
difficult  to  get  and  more  expensive,  but  these 
obstacles,  even  if  they  exist,  may  easily  be 
overcome.  Many  nurserymen,  it  is  true,  have 
discarded  them  as  unprofitable  occupants  of 
the  ground.  Where  the  requsitions  of  the 
landlord,  the  tithe  holder,  the  tax  collec- 
tor, and  the  labourer  have  to  be  met,  there 
is  obviously  no  room  for  unproductive  land. 
Nevertheless,  in  many  nurseries,  and  especially 
in  those  which  are  managed  by  proprietors  of 
good  taste  having  a  liking  for  plants  for  their 
own  sakes,  irrespective  of  their  commercial 
value,  a  few  of  the  finer  deciduous  trees  and 
shrubs  are  still  kept  more  for  the  gratification 
of  the  proprietor  than  as  a  source  of  revenue. 
Nevertheless,  if  once  a  demand  were  to  spring 
up  there  would  be  little  or  no  difficulty  in  sup- 
plying it,  for,  disregarding  exceptions  few  in 
number,  the  plants  in  question  are  quite  hardy, 
easily  cultivated,  and  propagated  with  nearly 
equal  facility. 

The  truth  is,  the  popular  taste  wants  edu- 
cating and  improving.    Look  round  the  suburbs 
of  our  large  towns  and  see  the  shocking  manner 
in  which  too  often  the   shrubberies  and  planta- 
tions are  neglected.    This,  unfortunately,  is  quite 
as  noticeable  in  cases  where  good  things  have 
been  originally  planted  as  where  more  ordinary 
material  has   been   employed.     It   is  perfectly 
cruel  to  see  the  manner  in  which  the  trees  and 
shrubs  around  our  "  cottages  of  gentility  "  and 
suburban  villas  are  allowed  to  indulge  in  civil 
war  and  fratricidal  strife.     Thinning  and  trans- 
plantation are  rarely  thought  of  ;  pruning — that 
is  to  say,  ruthless  hacking — is  done  without  the 
slightest  consideration  of  the  habit  of  growth  of 
the  tree,  and  indeed  without  any  consideration 
whatever  beyond  that  of  reducing  inconvenient 
bulk,  or  the  removal  of  an  obstruction.     Trees 
and  shrubs  are  planted  in  too  close  proximity 
to  the  walls  and  windows  of  the  residence.     It 
may  be  that  they  are  suitable  enough  all   the 
time  the  trees  or  shrubs  remain  of  small  dimen- 
sions ;  but  the   residents  seem  to  forget  that  in 
a  few  years  the  trees  will  have  outgrown  their 
present  limits,  and  will  be  converted  by  the  igno- 
rant perversity  of  man  from  a   thing  of  beauty 
to  an  eyesore,  an  obstruction  and  a  nuisance. 
This  of  course  arises,  in   some  cases,  from   the 
fact  that  the   tenants   of  such  houses  do  not 
reckon   on   a   long    tenure,    and    the    original 
planter    may  long    since    have    changed    his 
residence  and  repeated  the  same  error.     It  is 
sad  to  write  it,  but  there  is  a  depth  of  ignorance 
and  carelessness  even  greater   than  those  we 
have  alluded  to.     We  have  in  view  the  cases 
where  a  house  or  a  wall  is  actually  built  close 


up  to  a  fine  specimen  tree  or  to  a  row  of  such. 
In  most  cases  it  would  be  easy  to  transplant 
them  beforehand,  in  any  case  it  would  be 
better  far  to  destroy  outright  than  spoil  and 
mutilate  such  noble  objects. 

We  do  not  altogether  subscribe  to  the 
doctrine  that  it  is  the  bounden  duty  of  those 
that  call  attention  to  errors  and  omissions  to 
propound  a  remedy  for  them,  though  it  is  true 
that  those  who  feel  the  evil  most  acutely  are 
the  most  likely  to  be  in  a  position  to  suggest 
measures  for  its  alleviation.  The  Press  is 
nearly  powerless  against  fashion  in  any  depart- 
ment. Ridicule  even  does  not  kill  it.  Railing 
is  useless,  and,  happily,  unnecessary,  because 
sooner  or  later  the  fashion  changes.  The 
fashion  that  has  banished  from  our  gardens 
such  scores  of  flowering  shrubs,  has  been  of 
long  duration  ;  there  is  then  all  the  more 
reason  to  hope  that  a  change  will  speedily 
occur,  and  our  gardens  be  made  beautiful  and 
interesting  with  Cissus  and  Helianthemum, 
Pavias,  Caryopteris,  Cytisus,  Ribes,  Olearia, 
Deutzias,  Eucryphia,  Exochorda,  Halesia, 
Weigela,  Bignonia,  Philadelphus  and  Buddleia, 
Rubus,  Spiraeas,  Stauntonia,  Stuartias,  Loniceras 
Viburnums,  and  dozens  of  others. 

However  powerless  the  Press  may  be  against 
the  caprices  of  fashion,  it  is  not  so  impotent 
against  that  other  obstacle  to  progress  and  im- 
provement— we  mean  ignorance. 

In  the  particular  case  we  are  speaking  of  the 
Press  undoubtedly  does  render  service  by  re- 
peatedly publishing  what  to  plant,  and  how  to 
do  it ;  and,  although,  year  after  year,  the  same 
lessons  have  to  be  set  forth,  yet  there  is  good 
ground  for  the  belief  that  some  good  is  effected. 
It  is,  however,  to  the  horticultural  societies 
that  we  would  especially  commend  the  work  of 
instructing  the  public  in  this  particular  manner. 
The  actual  display  of  the  thing  itself  is  a  far 
more  elTectual  means  of  imparting  information 
than  pages  of  printed  description,  or  even 
illustrations.  We  would  then  urge  upon  the 
horticultural  societies  and  the  framers  of  sche- 
dules the  desirability  ol  offering  a  few  prizes 
for  cut  specimens  of  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs, 
in  flower  or  otherwise,  according  to  circum- 
stances. The  Floral  Committee,  too,  might 
readily  relax  its  rules,  and  award  certificates 
more  freely  to  plants  that  it  is  not  convenient 
or  possible  to  show  except  in  the  form  of  cut 
specimens.  We  have  only  to  refer  to  the  won- 
derful collections  of  cut  herbaceous  and  bulbous 
plants  exhibited  throughout  the  entire  duration 
of  the  Inventions  Exhibition  by  Mr.  Ware  and 
others  to  illustrate  the  educational,  and  we  may 
say  the  commercial,  value  of  such  exhibits  as  we 
propose.  The  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew  and  the 
several  botanic  gardens  of  the  country  might 
greatly  aid  by  sending  up  specimens  for  exhi- 
bition in  due  season.  Already  this  is  done 
to  some  extent,  suiticient  to  make  us  wish  it 
were  a  more  frequent  practice. 

For  the  diminution  of  that  other  evil  of  which 
we  spoke,  the  neglect  of  shrubberies  and  planta- 
tions, the  local  horticultural  societies  might  do 
much.  Too  often  such  societies  confine  the 
whole  of  their  energy  to  the  establishment  of  a 
floral  picnic  once  or  twice  a  year.  This  is  very 
nice,  no  doubt  ;  but  it  should  not  be  the  only, 
nor  even  the  main,  object  of  a  horticultural 
society.  We  have  often  lamented  the  oppor- 
tunities which  local  horticultural  societies  allow 
to  run  to  waste,  and  shall  not  now  do  more  than 
suggest  to  them  that  in  their  schedules  they 
should  include  prizes  for  the  best  kept  shrub- 
beries and  gardens.  By  some  such  means  as 
we  have  alluded  to,  and  by  others  which  will 
readily  suggest  themselves,  we  may  hope  to  see 
a  tide  of  fashion  set  in  for  the  now  neglected 
classes  of  trees  and  shrubs  in  general,  and  of 
flowering  shrubs  in  particular. 


Mr.  William  Abraham,  of  Fort  Prospect, 

Limerick,  elected  as  a    Nationalist  for   the  Western 
Division  of  that  county,  is  engaged  in  business  as  a 


Durseryman  in  that  city,  and  was  born  about  the  year 
1S39.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Irish  Land 
League.  In  1SS4  he  was  elected  Chairman  of  the 
Limerick  Board  of  Guardians. 

National   Chrysanthemum   Society. — 

The  annual  dinner  of  members  and  friends  of  this 
Society  will  be  held  at  the  "  Old  Four  Swans,"  84. 
Bishopsgate  Street  Within,  on  Monday  evening, 
December  14.  The  chair  will  be  taken  by  the  Pre- 
sident, E.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  at  6  o'clock  precisely. 
The  prizes  awarded  at  the  recent  exhibition  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  will  be  distributed  on 
the  occasion. 

Dr.  Asa  Gray- — A  correpondent  furnishes 

us  with  some  interesting  particulars  supplementary  to 
those  we  published  last  week  concerning  the  testi- 
monial to  Dr.  Asa  Gray  :— 

*'  We  were  at  Cambridge  on  November  18,  the 
seventy-fifth  birthday  of  Professor  As.^  Gray,  and  he 
was  so  gratified  with  the  testimonial  tie  had  just  received 
that  I  think  you  will  be  glad  to  hear  about  it.  It  was  a 
beautiful  silver  vase,  covered  with  plants  in  re}oussi- 
worlv,  something  like  the  Portland  Vase,  only  larger,  and 
more  oval,  with  handles,  presented  by  180  .\merican 
botanists,  and  all  their  cards  came  with  it  on  a  silver 
salver.  The  vase  was  exe  cuted  most  beautifully  at 
Boston,  and  the  plants  on  it,  most  tastefully  arranged, 
are  those  named  alter  him,  or  with  which  he  has  been 
much  identified.  The  stems  of  the  handles  are  orna- 
mented with  Dionxa.  The  handles  themselves  are. 
Californian  Ferns — Notholsena  Grayi.  The  most  con- 
spicuous plants  on  the  vase  itself  are^the  Golden  Rod — 
Solidago,  an  Aster,  also  Centaurea  americana  ;  the  rest 
are  Grayia,  LiUura  Grayi,  Shortia,  Michella  repens,  Jef- 
fersonia,  Rudbecka,  Adlumia,  &c.  Some  one  else  sent 
seventy-five  Roses,  one  for  each  of  his  years ;  and  Mr. 
Lowell  sent  the  following  lines  : — 

'  Just  fate  prolong  his  life  well  spent. 

Whose  indefatigable  hours 
Have  been  as  gaily  innocent 

And  fragrant  as  his  flowers. 

To  A.  G.  on  his  seventy-fifth  birthday.'  " 

SociltL     Nationale     d'Horticulture 

DE  France. — We  are  informed  that  this  Society 
proposes  to  organise,  in  connection  with  its  general 
exhibition  in  Paris,  from  May  4—9  next,  a  Horti- 
cultural Congress.  The  object  is  to  promote  the 
progress  of  horticulture  by  the  discussion  of  various 
points  of  interest. 

A    Contribution    to    the    Study    of 

Transpiration  under  the  Different  Rays  of 
the  Solar  Spectrum. — A  paper  on  the  above 
subject,  by  Rev.  George  Henslow,  was  read  at  the 
Linnean  Society  on  Thursday,  December  3.  The 
experiments  described  were  undertaken  to  test  the 
results  of  Wiesner,  who  found  (contrary  to  the 
opinion  of  others,  who  thought  that  the  brightest  rays 
of  the  spectrum  were  the  chief  agents  in  effecting 
transpiration)  that  it  was  mainly  due  to  the  rays  which 
are  absorbed  by  chlorophyll.  The  spectrum  of  that 
substance  reveals  seven  absorption  bands,  the  moit 
powerful  of  which  are  in  the  red,  blue,  and  violet ; 
and  when  plants  were  grown  under  coloured  glasses 
Mr.  Henslow  found,  just  as  Wiesner  had  done, 
that  transpiration  attains  to  a  maximum  under  the 
monochromatic  red  glass,  and  under  the  blue  and 
violet  as  well,  while  ordinary  colourless  glass  gave 
another  maximum.  On  the  other  hand,  yellow 
and  green  gave  a  minimum.  Wiesnek's  inter- 
pretation is  that  light  thus  absorbed  by  chlorophyll 
is  converted  into,  or  manifests  itself,  as  heat, 
and  then  it  raises  the  temperature  of  the 
tissues,  and  so  causes  the  formation  of  aqueous 
vapour.  If  this  be  true  it  would  seem  to  account 
for  DehLrain's  discovery,  that  plants  can  transpire 
in  a  saturated  atmosphere,  and  as  a  corroboration 
WiESNEK  found  that  light  which  had  been  first 
transmitted  through  a  solution  of  chlorophyll  was 
almost  powerless  to  cause  transpiration.  A  fact 
which  Mr.  Henslow  could  not  account  for  was  that 
while  the  red  glass  which  admitted  no  other  lays 
gave  a  maximum,  the  yellow  glass,  which  transmitted 
red  and  green  rays  besides  yellow,  gave  a  minimum. 
It  would  seem  as  if  yellow  had  actually  a  retarding 
eflect  upon  the  other  rays.  The  method  adopted  by 
Mr.  Henslow  was  to  grow  small  Lettuces  and  other 
plants  in  miniature  pots,  and  by  wrapping  them  up  in 
a  gutta-percha  sheeting  tied  round  the  base  of 
the  stems  all  loss  of  moisture  from  the  earth  was 
prevented.     Then  he    weighed    the    whole    day   by 


o 
o 

o 

H 

m 
o 


? 

W 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


753 


day  after  its  havinjj  been  under  each  coloured 
glass  for  twenty-four  hours  in  succession.  He  thus 
ascertained  the  percentages  of  the  losses,  the  means 
of  which  gave  the  results  mentioned  above.  Mr. 
Henslow  also  drew  attention  to  the  importance  of 
distinguishing  between  transpiration  and  evaporation, 
the  former  being  a  vital  action,  the  latter  purely 
physical,  which  will  take  place  from  dead  and  living 
substances,  but  is  modified  or  held  in  check  to  some 
extent  by  the  latter.  Thus  if  a  leaf  be  cut  in  two,  and 
one  half  suddenly  killed  by  scalding,  it  will  be  found 
that  this  one  rapidly  dries  up,  while  the  other  loses 
water  much  more  slowly.  Again,  thick  leaves  and 
older  ones  absorb  more  heat  than  thin  ones  and 
younger  ones  respectively,  yet  the  transpiration  is 
greater  from  young  leaves  and  deciduous,  contrary  to 
what  one  would  expect  if  transpiration  depended 
solely  upon  heat. 

KoYAL  Methorological  Society.— At  the 

ordinary  meeting  of  the  Society,  to  be  held  by  per- 
mission of  the  Council  of  the  Institution  of  Civil 
Engineers,  at  25,  Great  George  Street,  Westminster, 
on  Wednesday,  the  l5th  inst.,  at  7  p.m.,  the  follow- 
ing papers  will  be  read  :— "  The  Influence  of  Forests 
upon  Climate,"  by  Dr.  A.  WooitcOFF,  Hon.  Mem. 
R.Met.Soc.  ;  "  Report  on  the  Phenological  Observa- 
tions for  1885,"  by  the  Rev.  T.  A.  Preston.  M.A., 
F. R.Met.Soc.  ;  "fitudessur  les  Crepuscules  Rosees," 
by  Prof.  A.  Ricco;  "The  Storm  of  October  15, 
1885,  at  Partenkirchen,  Bavaria,"  by  Colonel  M.  F. 
Wakd,  F.R.Met.Soc.,  F.R.A.S. 

Heritiera    macrophylla. — Mr.    Baxter 

sends  us  from  the  Oxford  Botanic  Garden  a  specimen 
of  this  tree  in  flower.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  tropical 
India,  and  belongs  to  the  Sterculia  family.  Its  chief 
interest  consists  in  its  bold  foliage.  The  leaves  are 
raised  on  long  leaf-stalks  thickened  at  each  end,  the 
oblong  acuminate  leaf-blades  are  dark  green  on  the 
upper,  silvery-white  on  the  lower  surface,  whence  the 
name  Looking-glass  tree.  The  young  leaves  are  of 
pretty  pink  colour,  provided  on  each  side  with  a  long 
linear  lanceolate  stipule.  The  inflorescence  consists 
of  much  branched,  panicled  cymes,  about  half  the 
length  of  the  leaves,  from  whose  axils  they  sprmg. 
The  individual  flowers  are  small,  white,  bell-shaped, 
not  unlike  in  superficial  appearance  those  of  the  Lily 
of  the  Valley,  but  rather  smaller.  The  whole  inflores- 
cence with  its  whitish  branches,  and  still  whiter  and 
very  numerous  flowers  has  a  light  and  pretty  appear- 
ance. The  whole  plant  is  more  or  less  covered  with 
small  circular  scales,  some  silvery  in  colour,  others 
brownish.  The  silvery  look  of  the  under-side  of  the 
leaf  arises  from  the  very  dense  covering  of  these  scales, 
as  may  be  seen  by  the  aid  of  a  pocket  lens  of  low 
power, 

The    Apple    and    Pear    Congress    at 

Edinburgh. — The  Congress  was  a  great  success 
from  the  main  point  of  view.  As  an  eli'ort  to  instruct 
the  multitude  about  hardy  fruit  growing,  and  even  as 
regards  the  finances,  there  is  nothing  to  tind  fault 
with,  as  the  Congress  drew  a  good  deal  more  than  was 
expected,  in  the  mid^t  of  the  General  Election,  and 
which,  added  to  the  surplus  on  the  previous  shows  of 
the  year  18S5,  will  leave  little  or  no  deficit.  The 
accounts  are  not  yet  made  up,  but  there  is  good 
reason  to  expect  that  the  deficit  will  not  be  great,  if 
anything,  there  being  sufiicient  funds  to  meet  it. 
The  work  was  rather  hurriedly  done,  but  as  it  was 
imperative  for  the  jury  to  get  through  the  judging 
in  the  four  days ;  the  best  was  done  under  the 
circumstances.  —  The  county  of  Sussex  was  acci- 
dentally omitted  in  our  report  of  the  contribu- 
tions from  England  to  the  Congress.  Its  fame  as 
a  fruit  growing  county  was  worthily  upheld  by  Mr. 
Rust,  gardener  to  the  Marquis  of  Abergavenny, 
Bridge  Castle  Gardens,  who  set  up  a  numerous  and 
interesting  collection  of  Apples  and  Pears — especially 
rich  in  fine  dessert  varieties.  They  were  accompanied 
by  a  few  large  cards,  giving  the  soil,  rainfall,  altitude 
(400  feet  above  the  sea-level),  and  similar  particulars 
of  a  very  instructive  nature,  and  were  a  fine,  clear, 
evenly  grown  lot.  Among  the  best  Apples  were 
Kerry  Pippin,  the  finest  sample  in  the  exhibition  ; 
Beauty  of  Kent,  Warner's  King,  Sturmer  Pippin, 
extra  fine  ;  Small's  Admirable,  Paradise,  Hall  Door, 
extra  ;  Lady  Henniker,  Tower  of  Glarais,  Adam's 
Pearmain,  Washington,  Brabant  Bellefleur,  Mere  de 
Menage,    Cambusnethan,  and   New   Hawthornden. 


Amon^'  the  Pears,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Beurre  Bosc, 
Glou  Morijeau,  Doyenne  d'AIen^on,  Vicar  of  Wink- 
lield.  Van  Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc,  Josephine  de 
Malines,  Beurre  Sterckmans,  and  Triomphe  dejo- 
doigne  were  some  of  the  largest  and  finest. 

Scottish  Horticultural  Association. — 

This  Association  met  in  the  Bible  Society's  Rooms,  Edin- 
burgh, on  the  evening  of  Tuesday,  Dec.  i,  Mr.  Alex- 
ander Milne,  Edinburgh,  presided.  Mr.  Lindsay, 
Curator  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh, 
read  a  paper  written  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Burbidge,  F.L.S., 
of  the  Trinity  College  Botanic  Gardens,  Dublin,  on 
"  Orchids,  abroad  and  at  home."  The  paper  stated 
that  the  growing  conditions  abroad  were  principally 
intense  light  and  dewy  moisture,  the  latter  especially 
at  night.  The  nearer  these  conditions  could  be 
imitated  at  home  the  better  would  be  the  results. 
Orchids  had  of  late  years  attained  to  such  popularity 
at  home,  and  the  rarest  and  most  beautiful  had  realised 
such  high  prices,  that  Mr.  Burbidge  was  irresistibly 
reminded  of  the  Tulipomania  which  raged  in  Holland 
a  century  or  two  ago.  Cattleyas,  Dendrobes,  and 
Vandas  of  the  rarest  quality  realised  to-day  from  ^100 
to  £250  or  more  each,  and  our  merchant  princes 
paid  theae  prices  with  the  same  alacrity  and  zest 
which  must  have  possessed  the  Dutch  burghers  when 
they  paid  1300  florins  for  a  single  bulb  of  Tulip.  In 
conclusion,  Mr.  Burbidge  pointed  out  that  there  was 
no  royal  road  to  Orchid  culture,  but  only  the  long 
and  certain  one  of  observation  and  practical  expe- 
rience. A  sketch  map,  showing  the  generic  distribu- 
tion of  Orchids  throughout  the  world  was  exhibited. 
A  discussion  followed  the  reading  of  the  paper.  It 
was  also  unanimously  agreed  that  Mr.  Burbidge's 
paper  be  printed  in  full  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Association,  to  whfch  Mr.  Burbidge  was  also  elected 
a  Honorary  Life  Member.  Mr.  Alexander  M'Mil- 
LAN,  Edgehill,  Dean,  had  on  the  table  a  specimen  of 
Chrysanthemum  segetum,  a  British  wild  plant,  brought 
for  the  purpose  of  showing  how  well  it  could  be 
flowered  in  a  hothouse  in  winter.  There  was  also 
exhibited  a  collection  of  Ferns  gathered  in  Ireland 
by  Mr.  D.  Redmond,  Antrim.  Votes  of  thanks  to 
these  gentlemen,  as  well  as  to  Mr.  Burbidge  and  the 
Chairman,  closed  the  meeting. 

Trepho. — A  substance  said,  by  the  maker, 

Mr.  B.  Field,  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London, 
S.E.,  to  form  a  good  material  for  growing  Orchids  in 
baskets  and  pots,  &c.,  has  been  sent  for  our  inspec- 
tion. It  is  live  sphagnum  chemically  treated,  possibly 
with  some  substance  that  will  aid  in  its  preservation 
for  a  considerable  period  of  time.  It  is  pressed  into 
blocks,  when  alive,  by  hydraulic  pressure,  and  is 
specially  prepared  for  Ochids.  Mr.  Field  is  the 
sole  purveyor  of  this  article.  It  has  been  tested  for 
two  years,  and  in  the  saturated  atmosphere  of  an 
Orchid-house  absorbs  and  continuously  takes  up  all 
the  gases  and  moisture.     One  dipping  last  three  days. 

Mr.  W.  Swan.  —  Out  well-known  corre- 
spondent and  excellent  gardener  and  Orchid  culti- 
vator, who-e  last  situation  wasat  Oakfield,  Fallowfield, 
Manchester,  and  which  he  left  owing  to  the  sale  of 
the  place,  has,  we  are  glad  to  inform  our  readers, 
obtained  another  appointment  at  Preston.  In  con- 
sequence of  this  change  of  residence  he  has  resigned 
the  oflice  of  Secretary  to  the  Manchester  Horticultural 
Improvement  Society,  Mr.  Upjohn,  of  Worsley, 
having  been  appointed  in  his  stead  at  the  meeting  of 
the  Society  held  on  December  3. 

The  Introduction  of  the  Potato  into 

Germany. — A  correspondent  in  an  American  paper 
writes  : — "  While  travelling  in  the  upper  Rhine 
countries,  we  found  ourselves  obliged  to  pass  the 
night  and  part  of  the  day  in  the  little  village  of  Often- 
burg,  on  the  borders  of  the  Black  Forest.  While 
looking  about  in  search  for  the  marvellous  that  is 
always  to  be  found  in  some  form  in  these  border 
villages,  we  came  upon  a  huge  monument,  upon  the 
pedestal  of  which  was  the  figure  of  a  man  in  the  dress 
of  the  Elizabethan  courtiers.  Our  wonder  increased 
as  we  saw  loosely  piled  upon  the  broad,  projecting 
base,  quantities  of  Potatos  carved  in  stone.  It  was 
a  monument  to  Sir  Francis  Drake  and  the  esculent 
tuber  1  The  cavalier  and  discoverer  holds  extended 
in  one  hand  a  Potato  plant,  and  upon  the  four  sides 
of  the  pedestal  are  inscriptions  expressing  the 
gratitude  of  a  great  people  for  the  blessing  that  the 


Creator  had  been  pleased  to  bestow  upon  them  in 
time  of  famine." 

Peat.— In  some  parts  of  England  good  peat, 

suitable  for  successful  Orchid  growing,  is  not  easily 
obtained,  and  gardeners  are  compelled  to  send  long 
distances  for  it.  We  have  had  sent  us  recently  an 
excellent  fibrous  sample,  sweet  smelling,  and  fit  for 
immediate  use,  from  Messrs,  Gaterell  &  Son, 
Ringwood.  In  the  New  Forest  and  neighbourhood 
there  is  much  peaty  soil,  but  except  on  the  estates  of 
the  large  landowners,  who  are  naturally  unwilling  to 
sell  their  soil,  there  are  not  any  great  facilities  for 
digging  good  peat  in  quantity. 

Li.\w.iAN  Society  of  London. — A  meeting 

will  be  held  on  December  17,  at  8  p.m.,  when  the 
following  papers  will  be  read  ; — I,  "  Ceylon  Ento- 
mostraca  ; "  Dr,  G.  S,  Brady.  2.  "  Madagascar 
Orchids;"  H,  N.  Ridley.  3,  "Recent  Ephe- 
meridae,"  part  4;  Rev.  A,  Eaton,  4.  "Colom- 
bian species  of  Diabrotica  ;  "  J,  Baly, 

Forests    avd  Moisture.— .\t   the    Boston 

{U,S.A.)  Society  01  Natural  History  meeting  recently, 
the  subject  of  "The  Influence  of  Forests  upon  the 
Atmosphere"  was  presented  by  Dr,  G.  L.  Goodale. 
His  conclusion,  in  brief,  was  that  their  influence  is 
very  slight,  ^In  regard  to  moisture  their  direct  action 
in  throwing  off  moisture  is,  he  said,  insignificant  ;  but 
their  indirect  action  in  holding  back  the  water  which 
has  saturated  the  soil  in  rainfall  is  very  great. 
Droughts  and  excessively  dry  atmosphere  are  conse- 
quent upon  an  extensive  cutting  away  of  forest 
growths.  In  the  debate  which  followed  it  was  stated, 
without  question  or  contradiction,  that  two  broad  con- 
clusions have  been  drawn  heretofore  concerning  the 
desert  coasts  of  the  south  side  of  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  and  that  other  causes  besides  the  cutting  off  of 
forests  must  be  recognised  as  having  effected,  in  part 
or  wholly,  the  result  now  seen.  One  speaker  thought 
it  to  be  a  matter  of  conjecture  whether  there  ever 
were  any  forests  there, 

The  Study  of  Botany. — The  Pharma- 
ceutical Journal  says  that  there  is  much  that  tends 
to  reconcile  students  to  the  study  of  botany.  It 
is  the  study  of  some  of  the  most  beautiful  objects  of 
Nature,  which  although  in  the  ordinary  sense  mute, 
possess  an  eloquence  of  their  own,  and  never  fail  to 
appeal  to  the  hearts  of  those  who  are  willing  to  hold 
converse  with  them.  They  are  organised  beings  like 
ourselves,  and  of  all  created  beings  they  are  perhaps 
those  which  offer  the  greatest  facilities  for  deep 
searching  investigation  into  the  mysterious  develop- 
ment of  special  organisms  springing  either  from  an 
ingrafted  type  or  from  a  minute  spark  of  vitality 
which  may  have  lain  dormant  for  years  in  an  appa- 
rently inactive  seed.  There  are  some  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  forms  of  vegetation  proceeding  from 
such  obscure  sources,  each  having  distinct  and 
definite  characters  of  its  own,  which  it  is  capable  of 
further  propagating,  and  thus  maintaining  a  life  ever- 
lasting. The  root,  the  stem,  the  branches,  the 
leaves,  the  flowers,  the  fruit,  the  seed  I  Consider  the 
arrangements  of  all  these  parts ;  how  extremely 
elaborate,  and  sometimes  fantastic,  they  are.  Such 
arrangements  are  apparently  infinite,  but  ihey  are  all 
subject  to  a  law  of  Nature,  namely,  that  of  s-ymmetry, 
which  is  one  of  the  elements  of  beauty.  Among  the 
inducements  to  pursue  the  examination  and  study  of 
the  elementary  structure  and  arrangement  of  parts  in 
the  vegetable  kingdom  is  this,  that  we  have  tangible 
objects  to  deal  with  here,  which  can  be  brought 
within  the  cognizance  of  our  senses.  We  can  dissect, 
divide  and  subdivide  them,  and  when  we  have  thus 
passed  to  the  limit  of  observation  by  the  unaided 
organs  of  vision,  we  can  resort  to  the  powers  of  the 
microscope,  and  thus  open  out  extended  fields  for 
further  investigation.  The  knowledge  we  thus 
acquire  is  of  a  definite  and  definable  nature.  There 
is  nothing  speculative  about  it.  It  partakes  not  of 
the  abstract,  but  of  the  concrete  character. 

Gardening    Appointment.  —  Fkediric 

W.  Seers,  late  Gardener  to  J.  O.  Cooper,  ti^  ,  of 
Calcot  Gardens,  Reading,  Berks,  has  been  enyjt^ed 
as  Gardener  to  Fred.  J.  Myers,  Esq.,  of  Charlton 
Lodge,  Banbury. — Mr,  J.  Leese,  late  Foreman  at 
Burwarton  Hall  Gardens,  Bridgenorth,  has  been  ap- 
pointed Gardener  to  Col.  H.  Bagot  Lane,  King's 
Bromley  Manor,  Lichfield. 


754 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  iS 


NEW    PLANTS     CERTIFICATED     ^:^J^^ 

DY   THE    ROVAL   HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETy,  „     Coles 

lULY-DECEMBER.  .8Ss. 


Eclford,  July  lo-F  C. 
Laxton.  July  j-F.C. 
Dean,  Aug.  20— l''.C. 
Perry,  Aug.  zo-V.C. 
Ellington,  k:\z-  2°  -F-C 


B.C.,  BoUmcat  Ccrlificnt! 


'.  Henry 

'„    ThwaiLsii 

Elandfordia  flammea    .. 
Caladium  Conlesse  de  Maill^. 
Calanlhe  Alexandcrii, . . 

„     porphyrca  . 
Campanula  Henderson! 
ti    pyramidalii  var.  bicolor 


;  F.C.,  First-class  Ccrlljicat!. 

H.  J.  Buchan,  Aug.  23— B.C. 
Henderson.  July  n-F.C. 
W.  Bull.  Aug.  II— F.C. 
Veilch  &  Sons,  Nov.  10— F.C. 
Max  Leichllin,  Aug.  =5— F.C. 
W.  Bull,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
C.  Dorman,  Aug.  -JS-F.C. 
SirT.  Lawrepce,Aug.  25-F.C. 
R.  H.  Measures,  Aug.26-F.C. 
\V.  Vanner,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
\V.  Bull,  Aug.  II— F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Aug.  ii-F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Oct.  13— F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Aug   11— F.C. 
R.  0*en,  July  14-F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct,  13— F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  July  2S-F.C. 
"    ■       &  Co.,  July  28— F.C. 


&  Sons,  July  28-F.C. 
Veilch  &  Sons.  July  28-F.C. 
SirT.  Lawrence,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
W.  Bull,  Aug.  25- K.C. 
Cookson,  Oct.  27— F.C. 
Coolsoo,  Oct.  27— F.C. 
{  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Dei 


John  Heal 

King  of  Ciimsons 

Marchioness  of  L( 

Marquis  of  Staffoi  _.  „  .     . 

picotee Cannell  &  Sons,  July  58-F.C. 


■  ■(      ber 


-F.C. 


Cattleya  autL 

„    H.irdya 

Chrysanthem 

Neig- 


Boule      de 


,  July  28-F.C. 
T.  S.  Ware.  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  July  2B-F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct.  27 -F.C. 
G.  Hardy,  Aug.  11— F.C. 


—  Owen,  Dec.  8-F.C. 
J.  Forbes.  Oct.  13-F.C. 
Stevens.  Nov.  10— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons.  Nov.  10— F.C. 
H.    Cannell  &   Sons,   Decem- 
ber 8-F.C. 
Wright,  Oct.  27— F.C. 
B.  S.  Williams,  Aug.  n— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
B.  S.  Williams,  Oct.  27-F.C. 
New    Plant     and     Bulb    Co., 

Nov.  lo-F.C. 
Rawlings  Bros.,  Sepl.  8— F.C. 

Eclipse C.annelf&  Sons,  Sept   8-F.C. 

Cannell  &  Sons,  Sept.  8— F.C. 


„    Queen  of  the  Yellows 
„     Vald'Andorre      .. 

Chysis  liEvis  superba    . . 

Cyathea  divergeos 

Cymbidium  clegans 

Cypripedium  iiisi"  lie  Walla 

Dahlia  Bird  of  Pa 


George  Paul 

Mr.s  John  W.alker 
vlings 


Mr 


,  Hawkins 


t  Nonvoodie 
Dracocephalum        virginic 

album 

Eucharis  ALo-stersii 
Kuterpe  plumosa 
r.aillardia  St.  Bhisc     .. 
GdStronema  hybrida     . . 
Gladiolus  Abis.. 

„    Andre  Chenin     .. 

„     Enfant  de  Nancy 


Galatea     .. 
J.  L.  Toole 
Henri  Conscience 
La  France 
Lord  Carnarvon  . 


■  ,,     Masque  de  Fer  .. 

„     Milloti 

,,     Prince  Albert  Victor 

„     Prince 

Henry- 

„     Prince 

Waldcmar 

„     Prince 

ss  Irene    .. 

„     Prince 

ssOl-a      .. 

„     SirH 

D,  WollT.. 

„     Viscou 

nt  Cranbiook 

Heleniiim  p 

umiluni 

Lslia  elega 

ns   Liltleana 

i.,  Sept.  8— F.C. 
Cannell" &  Sons,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
Rawlings  Bros.,  Aug.  25 -F.C. 
Rawlings  Bros.,  Sept.  8  F.C. 
T.  S.  Ware,  Sept.  8-F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  8— F.C. 

T.  S.  Ware,  July  2B-F.C. 
W.  Bull,  Oct.  13 
W.  Bull.  Aug.  II— F.C. 
Kclway  &  Son,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Sir  1'. Lawrence,  Au.g.  25 — F.C. 
KeKvay  &  Son,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.  ii-F.C. 
Veitch  S:  Sons,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  11  -F.C. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Sept.  8-F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons.  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Sept.  8— F-.C. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  11— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
Kelway*  Sons,  Aug.  II— F.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  .\ug.  25  -F.  C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  Aug.  25  -F.C. 
Kelway.*  Sons,  Aug.  25-F.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  Aug.  35— F.C. 
Kelw  av  &  Sons,  Aug.  25  -  F.C. 
Kelwav.'i  Sons,  Aug.  25— F.C. 
Kelway  ,4  Sons,  Sept.  8— F.C. 
T.  S.  Ware,  July  28 -F.C. 
Little,  Aug.  25-F.C. 


"  ^"'T    ■;  .  ■■     "\  -fc 

Lomariopsis  bu.tif olia  . . 
Ligustrum    sincnse     floribun- 

dum Paul  &  Son,  July  14— F.C. 

Marigold.  African  Orange    ..  Carter  S:  Co.,  July  28 — F.C 


Carter  &  Co.,  Sepl.  8     F.C. 
(  New  Plant  &  Bulb  Co. .  Julv  14 
(      -F.C. 

Veilch  &  Sons,  Sept.  S-F.C. 


dens 
xillari 


1  Me; 


Pelargonium  Blanc  Parfait 
,,     Ivy-leaf,  Alice  Crousse.. 
„     „     Souvenir   de  Charles 

J,    Josephine    von    Hohen- 


B.  S.  Williams,  Oct.  27-F.C. 

W.  Bull.  Aug.  23-F.C. 
R  H.  Measures,July  14— F.C. 
W.  Bcalby,  July  14-F.C. 
W.  Bealbv,  Oct.  13— F.C. 


0» 


\^^%.  II— F.C. 


W.  Bealhy,  July  28— F.C. 
I   Charbonnier    W.  Bealbv,  July  28— F.C. 
mtheracoccinea    ..         ..     E.  Hill,  July  14-F.Gr 
lodendron    Appollo         ..     Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct  13— F.C. 
incarnatum    lloribundum    Veitch  &  Sons,  July  28— F.C. 
Indian  Yellow     ..  ..     Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.  ii-F  C. 

Minerva Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct.  13-F.C. 

Veitch  &  Sons,  Aug.as- F.C. 
Paul  &  Son,  July  14. -F.C. 
Paul  &  Son,  July  14-F.C. 
W.  Paul  &  Son,  Sept.  8-F.C. 
-    -   Williams,  Oct.  27     "'    ■ 


al.  Pa 


Rose  Madame  Norman  Netudi 
„     Pride  of  Reigate.. 
„     Wallham  Climber  No. 

Sarracenia  Buchanani 
,,     Patersoui 


Dr.  P.nl 


F.C. 


FRUIT. 


Apple,  September  Beauty      ..  La.vtun,  Oct.  13— If.C. 

Nectarine  Goldonl        ..         ..  Rivers  &  Son,  July  14— K.C. 

Pear,  The  Conference..  ..  Rivers  &  Son,  Nov.  4— F.C. 

Strawberry,  A.  F.  Barron      ..  Laxton,  July  2 — F.C. 

„    Waterloo Bone,  July  10— F.C- 

VEGETABLES. 

Chou  de  Gilbert  ..        ..  Gilbert,  Oct.  13-F.C. 

Pea,  Autocrat Veitch  &  Sons,  July  10— F.C. 

„     Prodigy Veitch  &  Sons,  July  lo-F.C. 

„     Quality Eckford,  July  lo-F.C 

t,     Sensation Laxton,  July  10 — F.C. 


ftotites  of  ^ooh. 

Bible  Flowers  and  Flower  Lore,     .\nonymous. 

HocJder  &  Sloughton. 
The  Plants  of  the  Bible.  By  [the  lalel  John 
Hutton  Bilfour.  Nsw  edition.  T.  Nelson  & 
Sons. 
One  object  of  the  first-named  of  these  books  is  stated  to 
be  to  remedy  some  of  the  inaccuracies  which  "mar  the 
beauty  and  significance  of  most  of  the  floral  allusions  of 
the  Hebrew  poets  and  prophets."  "Want  of  know 
ledge  "  of  the  plants  mentioned  in  the  Scriptures  has, 
says  Dr.  Balfour,  in  his  turn,  "hid  much  o(  the  beauty 
and  force  of  many  a  parable."  Ktcignising  the  truth 
of  both  these  staletnenis  we  must  welcome  any  well 
devised  method  of  improving  our  acquaintance  with 
the  plants  mentioned  in  Holy  Writ.  This  know- 
ledge may  be  attained,  in  a  measure,  by  the 
careful  study  of  the  flora  of  Palestine,  and  by 
comparative  philological  enquiries.  The  latter 
points  form  the  business  of  scholars  and  linguists. 
As  to  the  botany  of  Palestine  and  Syria  it  is 
now  /aiily  well  known,  infinitely  better  known, 
in  our  sense  of  the  expression,  than  it  was  by  the  old 
Hebrews,  their  neighbours,  and  their  descendants. 
But,  while  this  is  so,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind,  first, 
that  the  face  of  the  country  and  its  vegetation  have 
much  chinged,  since'even  the  latest  biblical  days,  and, 
next,  that  it  is  useless  and  unwise  to  seek  for  a  specific 
meaning  where  the  writers  used  a  particular  word  only 
in  a  general  sense.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that 
the  inspired  writers  had  any  aversion  from  the  popular 
names  which  are  in  our  days  so  misleading  and  ob- 
structive to  research.  They  had  no  commission  to 
teach  botany.  For  their  purpose  the  simple  vernacular 
names,  in  spile  of  all  their  vagueness  and  laxity  of 
application,  were  amply  sufficient ;  and,  indeed,  there 
were  none  other  at  that  time.  Our  sense  of  the 
beauty  and  fitness  of  the  imagery  on  the  one  hand  is 
not  shocked  because  we  cannot  identify  a  particular 
plant,  nor,  on  the  other  hand,  is  it  materially  en- 
hanced when  we  are  in  a  position  to  feel  some  degree 
of  certainty  about  the  matter,  as,  for  instance, 
that  the  goodly  Cedars  were  what  we  now  call  Cedrus 
Libani. 

The  Scriptural  teachings  are  obviously  not  intended 
to  convey  botanical  instruction,  and  the  writers  were 
not  compiling  a  Flora.  It  is  necessary  to  remember 
this,  for,  truism  though  it  be,  writers— popular  writers 
especially — still  think  it  necessary  to  perplex  them- 
seves  and  their  readers,  by  the  endeavour  to  render 
definite  what  was  never  intended  to  be  otherwise 
than  suggestive.  It  is  no  matter  for  surprise,  under 
such  circumstances,  that  there  should  be  a  frequent 
want  of  agreement  among  the  commentators,  and 
that  the  synonyms  should  be  very  numerous.  Siill, 
there  are  points  of  agreement  evolved  from  the 
study  of  many  minds,  thus  both  the  books  before 
us  identify  the  Saffron  of  the  Song  of  Solomon  with 
Crocus  sativus,  an  instance  this  of  the  value  of  philo- 
logical research— the  Hebrew  word  karkoin  having 
its  equivalent  in  most  Eastern  languages.  Both  agree 
about  the  Myrtle,  the  Olive,  the  Vine,  the  Cedar,  the 
Palm,  the  Camphire  (Lawsonia  inermis),  the  Pome, 
graoate,  the  Mandrake,  the  Bulrush  (Papyrus),  the 
Storax,  the  Caper. 

This  agreement,  however,  does  not  extend  very  far. 
The  Aloe,  by  one  writer,  is  referred  to  Aloe  perfoliata, 
while  Dr.  Balfour,  with  less  cogency  as  it  seems  to 
us,  argues  for  Aquilaria  agallochum.  The  Juniper  of 
Bible  Flowsrs  is  the   common   Juniper   (which    the 


writer  confounds  with  the  Savin)  ;  the  Juniper  of 
The  Plants  of  the  Bible  is  a  kind  of  Broom, 
Genista  monrspetma.  The  doves'  dung  of  the  Book 
of  Kings  is,  according  to  the  Edinburgh  Professor, 
Otnithogalum  umbellatum  ;  while  the  anonymous 
author  gives  good  reason  for  supposing  it  to  be  the 
Chick  Pea— a  considerable  range  of  variation,  surely  1 
The  anonymous  author  cites  Canon  Tiistam  as  coming 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  Rose  of  Sharon  is  Narcissus 
Tazetta.  Dr.  Balfour  quotes  the  same  authority  in 
support  of  the  notion  that  Anemone  coronaria  was 
the  plant  intended.  The  Anemone,  however,  is 
given,  again  on  the  suggestion  of  Canon  Tristara,  as 
the  equivalent  of  the  "  Lily,"  and  the  anonymous 
author  of  Bible  Flowers  admits  that  it  may  be  the 
"Lily  of  the  field."  Now  Dr.  Bilfour  gives  the 
Egyptian  Water  Lily,  Nymphsa  Lotus,  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  Lily  of  the  OIJ  Testament,  and  cites 
various  reasons  in  support  of  his  view  ;  while  the 
anonymous  author  of  Bible  Flowers  votes  for  the 
"  Chalcedonium  or  Martagon  Lily,  Lilium  Chalce- 
donium  [-kV],  known  also  as  the  Chalcedonian  Iris, 
and  sometimes  called  the  Swotd  Lily."  Now  Lilium 
Chalcedonicum,  the  scarlet  Martagon,  was  considered 
by  Royle  to  be  the  Lily  of  the  New  Testament  I  With 
such  confusions  and  discrepancies  (and  we  might  cite 
many  mote)  we  reluctantly  come  to  the  conclusion, 
that  neither  of  the  works  before  us  adds  much  to  our 
definite  knowledge  of  the  subject,  and  from  what  we 
have  said  we  do  not  think  it  likely  any  book  on  such 
lines  as  those  on  which  both  of  these  are  constructed 
would  do  so.  The  Bible  Flowers  is  much  the  more 
scholarly  and  original  of  the  two  books,  though  it  is 
unpretending.  Dr.  Balfour's  work  is  well  got  up 
and  illustrated  with  numerous  woodcuts.  Neither 
volume  his  an  index— a  great  defect  even  in 
such  popular  books  as  these. 


Flowering  Plants  and  Ferns  of  the  Riviera 
and  Neighbouring  Mountains.  Drawn  and 
desciibed  by  C.  Bicknell.  Tiubner  &  Co. 
This  is  a  series  of  eighty-two  coloured  plates  with 
descriptive  text.  The  figures  are  accurate  as  far  as 
they  go,  but  they  are  rather  the  rough  memoranda 
which  the  collector  makes  for  his  own  use,  than  the 
detailed  drawings  required  by  the  botanist,  or  the 
more  finished  and  pictorially  grouped  illustrations 
which  are  demanded  by  the  artist.  The  botanical 
details  are  not  drawn  to  scale,  and  they  are  mostly 
not  sufficiently  numerous  or  explicit  for  botanical 
purposes.  In  most  cases  only  detached  sprays,  and 
what  the  old  herbalists  used  to  call  "  summitales," 
are  shown.  Rarely  is  an  attempt  made  to  show  the 
habit  of  the  plant,  so  that  the  illustrations  seem  to 
have  been  taken  from  specimens  collected  for  a  nose- 
gay by  some  friend  not  cognisant  of  the  requirements 
o(  the  botanist.  The  consequence  is  unfortunate, 
lor  the  illustrations  have  a  stiff  "weedy"  look, 
which  by  no  means  does  justice  to  the  oiiginals, 
and  which  does  not  add  to  the  attractiveness  of  the 
volume. 

Nevertheless,  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  botanist 
and  gardener  Mr.  Bicknell  is  a  benefactor  of  his  kind, 
for  a  series  of  generally  faithful  drawings,  whatever 
their  technical  defects  in  points  of  detail,  cannot  fail 
to  be  of  great  service.  Mr.  Bicknell's  work  is  com- 
plementary in  some  measure  to  the  contributions  to 
the  Flora  of  Meiitoiie,  by  our  lamented  friend, 
J.  Traherne  Moggridge,  which,  we  are  surprised  to 
see,  bears  the  date  of  1871,  and  which  has  become 
scarce. 

There  is,  then,  ample  room  for  Mr.  Bicknell's 
work,  and  we  trust  we  may  speedily  have  to  wel- 
come a  second  series.  He  cannot  have  a  better 
model  to  follow  than  Mr.  Moggtidge's  Contributions, 
in  which  the  "  dry  stickery  "  of  botany  is  lightened 
by  so  many  details  relating  to  distribution,  and  the 
adaptation  of  the  floral  machinery  to  the  circumstances 
and  conditions  under  which  it  has  to  work. 


Studies  of  Plant  Life  in  Canada,  &c.     By  Mrs, 
C.  P.  Traill.     Ottawa  :  Woodburn. 

This  is  a  popular  account  of  the  flowers.  Ferns, 
trees,  and  shrubs  of  Canada,  by  a  lady  who  has 
passed  the  greater  part  of  a  long  life  among  them, 
who  remembers  when  forest  or  prairie  occupied  the 
site  of  noble  cities  replete  with  all  the  resources  of 
civilisation. 

The  venerable  author  has   acquired  a  knowledge 


Deckmeer  17,  1SS5.I 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


755 


which  cannot  be  obtained  from  books  alone.  She 
has  done  well  to  introduce  the  word  '*  life  "  into  her 
title,  for  her  observation  has  evidently  been  most 
exercised  among  living  plants.  Generally  speaking 
it  is  hard  to  get  up  any  sympathy  for  "popular" 
books.  Their  diffuse  meandering?,  their  want  of 
accuracy,  their  utter  failure  to  secure  their  professed 
object,  all  mike  one  look  askance  on  popular  books 
of  the  ordinary  type.  But  the  one  before  us  is 
not  of  this  character.  It  is  popular  in  its  arrange- 
ment of  matter,  it  is  popular  in  the  pleasant  style  in 
which  it  is  wiiilen,  but  it  is  something  far  better  than 
popular  in  the  fidelity  and  accuracy  of  the  word 
portraits  of  Canadian  flowers  and  the  interesting 
details  of  their  history. 

The  book  is  illustrated  with  several  chromolitho- 
graphs, in  which  the  mechanist  seems  to  have  done 
his  best  to  dim  the  image  drawn  by  the  artist  and 
destroy  her  outlines.  The  tone  and  spirit  in  which 
the  book  is  written  are  so  healthy  and  cheery  as  to 
excite  the  sympathies  of  the  reader  with  the  octo- 
genarian authoress.  Her  life  has  been  in  part 
one  of  toil,  hardship,  and  isolation,  but  she  his 
evidently  met  and  mastered  her  trials  and  difficulties 
by  the  aid  of  that  spirit  of  trust  and  hopefulness  which 
the  study  of  God's  creation  is  so  well  calculated  to 
engender. 

The  following  extract  serves  to  give  a  good  idea  of 
the  author's  style  :  — 

"One  of  the  loveliest  and  most  graceful  of  our  forest 
trees  is  a  young  Hemlock.  As  great  a  contrast  does 
Ihit  elegant  sapling,  with  its  gay,  tender  green  feathery 
spr.iys,  bear  in  its  beauty  of  form  and  colour  to  the 
parent  tree,  with  its  rugged,  stiff,  and  unsightly  trunk 
and  ragged  top,  as  the  young  child  in  its  youthful  grace 
and  vigour  bears  to  the  old  and  wrinkled  grandsire.  The 
foliage  of  the  young  Hemlock  in  the  months  of  June 
and  July,  when  the  spring  shoots  have  been  perfected, 
is  especially  beautiful  ;  the  tender  vivid  green  of  the 
young  shoots,  at  the  end  of  the  flat,  bending  branches 
of  the  previous  year,  appears  more  lively  and  refresh- . 
ing  to  the  eye  in  contrast  to  the  older,  dark,  glossy, 
more  sombre  foliage,  which  they  serve  to  brighten  and 
adorn, 

"  The  Hemlock  does  not  reach  the  lofty  height  of  the 
While  Pine,  though  in  some  situations  it  becomes  a  giini 
in  size,  with  massive  trunk,  and  thick  bushy  head  ;  the 
bark  is  deeply  rifled,  dark  on  the  outside,  but  of  a  deep 
brick-red  within  ;  the  branches  are  flit,  the  small,  oval, 
softxones  appear  later  in  the  summer  on  the  ends  of  the 
shoo:s  of  the  previous  season.  The  timber  of  the 
Hemlock  is  very  durable,  tough,  and  somewhat  stringy, 
loose-grained,  but  is  said  to  resist  wet ;  it  is  usedforgranary 
flooring,  rail-lies,  and  some  other  purposes  in  outdoor 
work.  Thebarkis  u^ed  largely  in  tanning  The  backwoods 
settlers  slack  the  Hemlock  bark  while  clearing  the  forest 
land  and  carry  it  in  during  the  sleighing  season  to  the 
tanneries,  receiving  a  certain  value  per  cord,  in  money  or 
store  goods.  Formerly  the  payment  was  chiefly  made  in 
leather,  when  every  man  was  his  own  shoemaker  ;  but 
times  havj  changed  since  those  early,  msre  primitive 
days,  and  the  wives  and  children  would  now  disdain  to 
wear  the  home-made  boots  and  shoes  that  were  manu- 
factured out  of  coarsely-dressed  leather  by  the  industrious 
father  of  the  family,  fn  the  long  winter  evenings,  as  he 
worked  by  the  light  of  the  blazing  log  fire  with  his  rude 
tools  and  wooden  pegs. 

"  The  old  shanty  life  is  a  thing  of  the  past  ;  the  carding 
and  spinning,  the  rattle  of  the  looms,  even  the  knitting 
needles  are  not  now  so  constandy  seen  in  the  hands  of 
the  wives  and  daughters  as  formerly.  Railroads  and 
steamboats,  schools,  and  increase  ot  population,  have 
wrought  great  changes  in  the  lives  and  habits  of  the 
people.  Villages  and  towns  now  occupy  the  spots  where 
only  the  dark  forests  of  Pine  and  Hemlock.  Maple  and 
Beech  once  grew.  The  trees  disappear  indeed  before 
the  axe  and  fire,  from  the  site  where  Nature  had  placed 
them,  but  they  reappear  now  as  ornaments,  planted  by 
the  hand  of  taste  in  the  gardens,  and  as  shade-trees  on 
the  streets  of  the  towns  and  cities  ;  and  this  is  good,  it 
speaks  of  taste  and  culture.  The  Hemlock,  however,  is 
less  frequently  seen  about  our  dwellings,  beautiful  as  it 
is,  for  it  is  tardy  in  growth,  and  does  not  take  kindly 
to  cultivation.  Its  natural  soilis  dry,  rocky  or  gravelly 
land. 

"  A  remarkable  hoof-like  fungus,  of  a  deep  red  colour, 
semicircular  in  outline,  and  elegantly  scalloped  at  the 
edges  with  curved  lines  like  some  large  sea  shell,  hard, 
dry.  and  varnished  on  the  surface,  is  found  occasionally 
growing  on  the  rough  bark,  or  big,  scily  roots  of  decay- 
ing Hemlocks.  These  fungi  (Polyporus  pinicola)  are 
found  in  clusters  of  larger  and  smaller  growth  on  thick 
stems  united  at  the  base.  I  have  seen  a  group  of  this 
singular  parasite,  the  largest  measuring  more  than  a 
foot  in  diameter  ;  it  was  greatly  prized  for  its  elegant 
form  and  rich  colour.  The  under-side  of  the  fungus  is  of 
a  fine  warm  buft'tini." 


7h£   'Qrchid   j4ou3E. 

nOTHOUSE   ORCHIDS    IN    WINTER. 

Writing  last  week  on  the  treatment  the  Mexican 
Orchids  ought  to  receive,  we  had  to  deal  with  a  con- 
tinuous period  of  dull,  depressing  weather,  with 
frcq'ient  fogs  more  or  less  dense.  Now  they  have 
cleared  off,  and  been  succeeded  by  bright  sunshine  by 
day,  with  sharp  frosts  at  night.  A  sooty  deposit  has 
been  left  oa  the  glass  by  the  fogs,  but  this  has  been 
waihed  off,  as  every  ray  of  light  we  can  obtain  is 
valuable.  We  get  the  temperature  in  this  house  up 
to  75°  by  day,  and  by  closing  the  house  early  the 
suaheat  is  retained  well  into  the  night,  but  it  falls 
towards  nwfning  to  63^  or  5S'  — a  temperalure  sufH- 
ciently  high  (or  most  Orchids  requiring  an  Eist  India 
temperature.  Most  of  th?m  should  be  kept  in  a 
state  of  rest,  even  although  they  miy  be  making 
their  growth.  The  Orchids  we  value  most  in  this 
hoiiie  are  some  handsome  specimens  of  OJontoglos- 
sum  Riezlii;  this  spjcies  succeeds  remaikably  well 
with  U5,  and  from  about  eighteen  plants  we  hive 
n^vcr  been  without  flowers  for  a  period  of  twelve 
month;.  The  main  period  for  bloom  on  this  species 
is  during  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  early  in 
June,  aUhiugh  the  best  ol  them  are  over  before  the 
last-n\m:d  month  comes  in.  They  require  a  fair 
supply  of  water  at  theroots  during  winter,  but 
ought  not  to  be  kept  what  one  would  term  wet  ; 
on  the  other  hand,  if  they  are  kept  so  dry  that  the 
sphagnum  moss  on  the  surface  quite  loses  its  green 
colour,  ihat  would  be  an  error  in  culture,  and 
which  would  tell  upon  the  future  well-being  of  ihe 
plants.  We  do  not  grow  any  other  OJontoglossums 
in  this  house. 

During  the  last  few  years  the  genus  Angraecum  has 
been  greatly  improved  by  additions.  There  has  been 
no  species  introduced  to  approach  in  stately  appear- 
ance the  wonderful  A.  sesquipedale  ;  but  A.  Ellisii 
and  an  allied  species,  A.  articulatum,  have  been 
introduced  freely  of  late  years,  while  A.  ,S;ottianum, 
from  the  Comoro  Islands,  is  interesting  and  very 
pretty.  The  most  recent  introduction,  A.  Ltonis, 
seems  to  be  the  easiest  to  introduce  and  establish  of 
the  whole  family  ;  and  when  it  has  been  well  estab- 
lished in  our  hothouses  it  will,  I  doubt  not,  be  next 
in  importance  to  A.  sesquipedale.  A.  citralum  is 
very  charming,  and  flowering  as  it  does  at  the  dullest 
period  of  the  year  with  great  freedom,  and  without  in 
the  least  injuring  the  plants,  is  a  great  point  in  its 
favour.  They  do  not  really  need  such  a  high  night 
temperature  as  some  cultivators  are  disposed  to  pro- 
vide for  them, 

Amongs:  hothouse  Orchids  that  require  a  high 
night  temperature  are  the  two  or  three  species  of 
Cypripedium,  viz  ,  C.  Lowii,  C.  Stonei,  and  C. 
niveum.  The  first-named  species  has  an  unfortunate 
tendency  to  rot  or  damp  off  in  a  temperature  which 
suits  the  Angrxcum  admirably. 

Oncidium  amplialum  mijus,  which  has  been  intro- 
duced rather  plentifully  lately  also  requires  the  very 
warmest  night  temperature,  65°,  falling  on  cold  nights 
to  60"  ;  anything  lower  than  this  minimum  should 
be  very  exceptional  indeed.  To  keep  up  the  necessary 
temperature  the  pipes  require  to  be  heated  very  con- 
siderably on  cold  nights  ;  this  may  have  the  effect  of 
causing  an  over-dry  atmosphere,  which  must  be 
counteracted  by  judicious  evaporation.  We  do  not 
fill  the  evaporating  troughs  with  water  in  winter,  but 
rather  by  the  slower  process  of  sprinkling  the  paths 
and  stages. 

We  have  not  alluded  to  the  Phalrenopsids,  which 
are  doubtless  the  most  highly  esteemed  of  all  the 
occupants  of  the  East  Indian-house.  The  treatment 
of  these  beautiful  Orchids  is  now  well  known. 
During  the  winter  months  an  excess  of  heat  and 
moisture  is  likely  to  produce  spot,  but  it  must  not  be 
forgotten  that  these  Orchids  have  not  any  pseudo- 
bulbs  in  which  moisture  may  be  stored,  consequently 
it  would  not  answer  to  allow  them  at  any  time  to 
become  quite  dry  at  the  roots.  The  atmosphere 
must  also  be  moderately  moist.  Excessive  moisture 
either  at  the  roots  or  in  the  atmosphere  might  cause 
"spot,"  which  was  prevalent  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  but  which  has  been  banished  from  all  good  col- 
lections, since  Orchid  culture  has  been  more  generally 
understood.  I  am  free  to  say  that  during  the  twenty 
years  I  hive  grown  Orchids  I  cannot  recollect  one 
single  plant  being  affected  by  spot.  It  is  a  disease 
doubtless,  but  it  is  no  doubt   preventable  by  good 


management,  and  may  be  induced  by  damp  at  the 
roots  or  in  the  atmosphere,  or  by  a  combination  of 
both  during  the  winter  months. 

Cool  House. 
It  is  a  question  frequently  asked.  How  low  can  the 
winter  temperature  of  the  cool  house  be  maintained, 
and  yet  the  plants  continue  in  vigorous  health  ?  My 
impression  is  that  a  continuous  low  night  temperature 
during  winter  is  not  the  best  for  the  plants,  and  if 
persisted  in  during  the  whole  of  the  winter  months 
may  be  disastrous  to  some  of  them.  So  far  the 
varieties  of  OJontoglossum  crispum  |seem  to  be  best 
adapted  for  a  low  temperature.  Oncidium  macran- 
thum  and  the  new  distinct  species,  O.  Edwardii,  is 
also  one  of  the  coolest  species  ;  but  many  of  the  most 
important  subjects,  including  Oiontoglossum  Pesca- 
torei  and  nearly  all  the  Masdevallias,  succeed  best  with 
a  night  temperature  ranging  from  45'  to  50"  ;  the 
highest  of  the  two  figures  ought  to  be  the  most  fre- 
quent minimum.  Not  a  few  people  have  an  idea 
that  cool  Orchids  may  be  grown  in  an  ordinary  green- 
house :  that  they  may  live,  and  perhaps  thrive  in  such 
a  position  during  the  summer  months  is  possible, 
but  during  winter  they  will  not  do  well,  unless  the 
treatment  be  such  as  would  not  be  suitable  for  the 
run  of  greenhouse  plants.  The  pretty  delicate  while 
Misdevallia  tovarensis  is  now  crowded  with  its  pure 
blossoms.  Tne  flowers  are  much  used  for  decorative 
purpoies,^and  it  is  pretty  well  known  that  the  old 
stems  remain  green  from  year  to  year,  so  that  they 
produce  from  the  top  of  the  stems  an  annual  crop  of 
flowers.  If  the  old  stems  are  removed,  a  thicket  of 
new  ones  will  be  produced,  but  if  the  old  ones  are  not 
removed  very  few  new  ones  will  be  produced.  The 
knowledge  ol  this  may  he  useful,  as  the  flowers  cut 
with  the  stems  are  more  valuable  than  the  single 
blooms  cut  with  scarcely  any  stem  attached.  J. 
Diiti!^las.  


DISEASES    OF   FRUIT,   PRO- 
VISIONS, ETC.— IV.* 

MUCOR    STOLONIFER,   AND    MUCOR   MUCEDO. 

The  Mucors  are  amongst  the  commonest  moulds 
or  mildews  of  fruits  and  provisions.  They  cause 
flour,  bread,  and  other  substances  to  become  musty. 
The  spores  of  these  fungi,  together  with  the  spores  of 
Penicillium  and  Aspergillus,  already  described,  are 
always  in  the  air;  they  especially  abound  in  warm 
damp  cellars  and  store-rooms  where  provisions  and 
fruits  are  kept.  When  the  spores  light  on  any  suit- 
able substance,  as  damp  flour,  bread,  preserves, 
bruised  or  sweating  fruit,  stale  Mushrooms,  &c.,  they 
ger  rainate,  produce  spawn  or  mycelium  and  fruiting 
threads.  The  growth  of  these  fungi  hastens  putrefac- 
tive decomposition. 

There  are  various  species  of  Mucor,  as  there  are  of 
Penicillium  and  Aspergillus.  I  here  describe  two 
species  only  as  types — Mucor  stolonifer,  Ehrb.,  and 
M.  Mucedo,  L.  The  simpler  of  the  two,  sometimes 
very  common  on  bruised  or  sweating  Melons,  I  will 
take  first.  On  fruits,  these  fungi  subsist  on  the  cell 
sap  which  has  escaped  from  the  cells  to  the  surface 
or  to  the  intercellular  spaces. 

The  generic  name  is  derived  from  the  Greek  MukSs 
— a  mould  ;  whilst  the  specific  name,  stolonifer,  refers 
to  the  stolon-like,  or  long  trailing  branch-like  growth 
ol  the  spawn  or  mycelium,  in  the  style  of  a  Straw- 
berry runner,  as  shown  between  A  and  B  (fig.  170), 
where  a  small  patch  of  the  fungus  is  shown  enlarged 
20  diameters. 

The  Mucor  covers  deciying  fruits  and  other  sub- 
stances with  a  fine  white,  woolly,  non-septate  or  very 
sparingly  septate  mycelium  ;  the  mycelium  also  grows 
in  the  substance  of  rip;  and  juicy  fruits,  and  hastens 
decomposition.  Rising  from  the  fleecy  surface  of  the 
mycelium  numerous  extremely  short  and  slender 
threads  arise,  e.ich  thread  being  capped  with  a 
minute  head,  at  first  pillid,  then  black.  The  fruiting 
threads,  which  resemble,  when  magnified,  pins,  nails, 
or  drumsticks  (see  fig.  170),  may  be  seen  with  the 
unaided  eye  or  with  a  common  lens.  The  fruiting 
threads  or  filaments  grow  out  at  certain  privileged 
points  on  the  stolons,  as  at  A  and  E,  the  shafts  are 
shown  at  C,  c,  c,  and  the  heads  at  D,  D,  D.  The 
heads  are  really  spore-cases,  or  sporangia,  spherical 
growths  enclosing  spores  or  seeds.  Each  glassy- 
looking  sporangium  is  at  first  filled  with  translucent 
protoplasm,  and  cut  off  from  the  supporting  thread 

'  See  pp.  51,  286,  and  564, 


75<5 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  1885. 


or  shaft  by  a  septum  or  joint  at  the  base  ;  this  basal 
septum,  at  first  near  the  point  F,  ultimately  grows  up 
into  the  sporangium  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  core 
within,  as  shown  in  the  section  at  G,  enlarged  100 
diameters.  At  length  the  contained  material  of  the 
sporangium  becomes  difterentiated  or  arranged  into  a 
vast  number  of  polyhedral  black  spores,  as  shown  in- 
side the  sporangium  near  E.  When  the  spores  are 
quite  ripe  the  extremely  thin  membrane  of  the  spo- 
rangium bursts,  doubtlessly  aided  by  the  growth  of  the 
inner  core,  and  the  minute  spores  are  expelled  into 
the  air.  The  bursting  of  the  sporangium  gener- 
ally takes  place  just  above  the  base  of  the  core  (colu- 
mella— little  column),  leaving  the  remains  of  the  mem- 
brane as  a  ragged  collar  surmounted  by  the  core  and 
dusted  with  spores.  The  membrane  of  the  sporan- 
gium breaks  up  or  dissolves,  and  the  inflated  colu- 
mella collapses  over  the  top  ol  the  supporting  thread, 
like  a  minute  cap  of  Liberty  on  a  pole. 

Four  spores,  or  sporidia,  one  germinating,  are 
shown  at  H,  enlarged  400  diameters.  These  spores 
germinate  very  quickly  on  decaying  fruit  or  its 
juices,  but  not  readily  in  water ;  if  kept  dry  they 
will  retain  their  vitality  for  several  months.  In 
the  hot  weather-  of  the  summer,  from  May  to 
July,  the  stolons  beneath  the  white  felt  form 
vesicular  expansions,  which  come  in  contact  as 
shown  at  J.     When  the  expansions  thus  join  a  septum 


set  free  an  enormous  number  of  the  little  black 
simple  spores,  and  these  are  carried  away  by  the 
wind.  Such  as  fall  on  juicy  fruits,  decaying  vegetables, 
preserves,  &-•:.,  hasten  putrefaction  ;  any  others  that 
fall  upon  unsuitable  substances  perish. 

Under  favourable  conditions  a  Mucor  can,  of 
course,  propagate  itself  by  the  simple  spores  for  an 
unlimited  number  of  generations.  Zygospores  are  in- 
deed not  very  frequently  formed  on  the  mycelium. 
They  are  generally  unnecessary  within-doors  where 
Mucors  commonly  grow.  The  Mucors  are  obviously 
protected  from  destruction  by  the  zygospore,  as  this 
body  is  capable  of  living  in  a  hybernating  state  on  the 
ground  in  the  winter  for  several  months,  when  no  fleshy 
fruits,  household  provisions,  or  other  suitable  sub- 
stances are  near.  The  infection  to  out-of-door  fruits 
may  come  from  the  zygospores  germinating  on  the 
surface  of  the  ground. 

Mucor  stolonifer,  Ehrb.,  is  sometimes  described  as 
Rhizopus  nigricans,  Ehr.  ;  or  Ascophora  Mucedo, 
Tode. 

Mucor  Mucedo,  L. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  of  all  the  mil- 
dews; it  is  not  only  frequent  upon  juicy  fruits,  but  it  is 
common  on  paste,  preserves,  provisions,  horse  dung, 
&c.  Its  life  history  is  more  complex  than  the  last. 
The  mycelial  filaments  are  without,  or  have  very  few. 


especially  on  old  mycelium,  and  these  at  length 
break  up  into  a  number  of  small  globular  cells, 
gemmules,  buds,  or  "  chlamydospores."  Chlamy- 
dospores  have  been  so  called,  I  suppose,  because 
they  seem  to  be  produced,  as  spores,  in  the  interior  of 
the  spore-bearing  shaft  ;  the  word  is  derived  from 
chlamys,  a  coat.  These  latter  bodies  (filled  with 
condensed  protoplasm),  not  unlike  extremely  minute 
Sclerotia,  are  illustrated  at  D  ;  each  of  the 
minute  spherical  cells  there  shown  is  capable  of 
reproducing  the  Mucor.  Under  favourable  condi- 
tions of  growth  the  mycelium  throws  out  minute 
vesicular  expansions  as  illustrated  at  E,  exactly  in 
the  style  of  M.  stolonifer,  Ehrb.  These  little  swollen 
vesicles,  especially  when  the  fungus  is  excluded  from 
free  air,  conjoin,  a  septum  is  soon  formed  at  the  base 
of  each,  and  the  two  swollen  ends  or  conjugating 
cells  coalesce  and  form  a  zygospore.  We  therefore 
see  that  Mucor  Mucedo,  has  five  methods  of 
reproduction : — 1st,  by  the  sporidia  in  the  larger 
sporangia,  E  ;  2d,  by  the  sporidia  in  the  sporangioles, 
A  ;  3d,  by  the  conidia,  c  ;  4th,  by  the  small  globular 
sclerotium-like  cells,  D  ;  5'h,  by  the  zygospores 
arising  from  the  conjugating  cells  at  E. 

At  A,  tig.  172,  I  have  engraved  a  section  through  a 
sporangium  enlarged  100  diameters  ;  the  columella,  or 
core  continuous  with  the  stem,  is  shown  at  B.  At 
C,  D,  the  remains  of  a  sporangium  are  seen  after  the 


y  400 
Fig.  170.— mucor  stolonifer,  ehrb.,  enlarged  20,  100,  and  400  diam. 


Fig.  171. — MUCOR  mucedo,  l.,  enlarged  20  diam. 


cuts  off  the  more  swollen  end  of  each  expansion  from 
its  supporting  mycelium,  as  shown  at  K,  where  three 
septa  instead  of  one  are  now  seen.  The  two  inner- 
most cells  at  K  are  termed  conjugating  ceils,  and  one 
is  generally  somewhat  larger  in  size  than  the  other,  as 
shown  ;  at  length  the  central  septum  is  absorbed,  the 
protoplasm  unites,  and  the  two  inner  cells  be- 
come fused  into  one  body,  termed  a  zygospore, 
yoke-spore,  or  resting-spore.  The  formation  of  the 
zygospore  occupies  about  twenty-four  hours,  it 
then  increases  in  size  and  becomes  coated  with 
a  comparatively  thick  and  warted  membrane  or  skin. 
The  interior  is  full  of  granular  protoplasm  and  an 
oily  fluid.  A  ripe  zygospore  is  shown  at  L,  enlarged 
100  diameters.  Its  shape  is  spherical,  with  flattened 
places  formed,  as  shown  at  M,  m,  by  the  two 
supporting  cells  or  suspensors,  which  soon  perish. 
Unlike  the  simple  spores  the  zygospores  do  not  ger- 
minate at  once,  but  require  a  period  of  rest.  They 
do  not  produce  mycelium  like  the  simple  spores,  but 
give  ri^e  at  once  to  one  or  two  filaments  which  bear 
little  black  sporangia  similar  to  the  ones  at  d,  d,  d, 
first  described.  These  first  sporangia  are  produced 
directly  from  the  substance  of  the  zygospore,  and  do 
not  require  the  support  of  juicy  fruits  or  any  other 
external  nouiialiment  for  their  growth;  their  vital 
material  has  been  stored  up  for  them  within  the 
zygospore,  in  the  same  way  as  the  first  food  of 
infant  plants  is  stored  in  seeds.  The  first  formed 
sporangia    from   the  zygospores  quickly   burst    and 


septa  ;  but  the  runner-like  stolons  of  M.  stolonifer, 
Ehrb.,  are  absent.  Instead  of  the  sporangium-bearer 
carrying  one  head  only,  as  in  the  last,  M.  Mucedo, 
L.,  produces  several  shafts  which  arise  by  constant 
branching  to  right  and  left  from  a  main  generally 
horizontal  filament,  as  shown  in  fig.  171  B,  enlarged 
20  diameters.  The  branches  in  turn  are  often  them- 
selves furcate,  as  shown  in  the  top  middle  of 
illustration.  Under  favourable  conditions  the  sup- 
porting stem  of  the  sporangium  exhibits  finely 
branched  white  tufts  or  frills,  as  figured  at  fig.  171  a, 
each  ultimate  branchlet  of  which  ends  in  an  ex- 
tremely minute  head,  or  little  sporangium,  termed 
for  the  sake  of  distinction  a  sporangiolum.  .At 
one  time  this  twiggy  growth  was  considered  a 
distinct  fungus,  but  more  exact  investigation  shows 
that  the  apex  of  each  filament  is  often  crowned 
with  a  perfectly  normal  sporangium  of  Mucor  Mucedo, 
L,  as  shown  at  B,  where  the  frills  are  seen  arising 
from  a  typical  shaft  of  the  Mucor  before  us.  At  cer- 
tain times  filaments  arise  from  the  main  stem,  and  bear 
conidia,  as  at  fig.  171  c.  These  conidia  differ  from 
the  spores  borne  in  the  sporangia  and  sporangioles,  in 
being  apparently  external  or  free,  instead  of  being 
contained  in  a  sporangium.  This  conidium-bearing 
condition  has  been  erroneously  described  by  I  'e  Bary 
and  Woronin,  as  the  same  with  a  fungus  named 
Botrytis  (or  Chatocladium)  Jonesii,  B.  &  Br. 

When  Mucor  Mucedo  grows   with  an  insufficient 
supply    of    oxygen,    long    filaments    ate    produced, 


glassy-looking  investing  membrane  has  collapsed,  the 
remains  of  this  membrane  are  seen  as  a  ragged  collar 
at  D,  the  dotted  line  shows  its  former  position,  and  a 
few  sporidia  are  seen  near  the  base  of  the  columella. 
Sporidia  enlarged  400  diameters  are  shown  at  E.  The 
sporangia  and  sporidia,  especially  the  former,  are 
variable  in  size ;  the  latter,  when  they  fall  upon  a 
suitable  matrix,  as  on  sweating  fruit,  reproduce 
Mucor  Mucedo,  L.  One  of  the  tufts  01  frills  from  a 
conidium-bearcr  is  shown  at  F,  enlarged  100  diameters  ; 
each  of  the  ultimate  branchiets  carries  a  very  small 
sporangiole,  containing  each  about  four  sporidia.  A 
single  sporangiole,  containing  four  sporidia,  is  shown, 
enlarged  400  diameters,  at  g.  Sporangia  of  every 
intermediate  size,  from  the  largest  normal  sporan- 
gium, to  one  of  the  smallest  sporangiola,  may  fre- 
quently be  observed  on  the  same  growth.  A  coni- 
diumbearer,  with  its  branched  apex  and  conidia, 
is  shown  enlarged  100  diameters  at  H  ;  and  the 
analogous  long  filaments  of  mycelium,  which  have 
broken  up  into  chains  of  minute  globular  gem- 
mules,  sacs,  sclerotia,  or  chlamydospores,  are  shown 
at  J.  The  vesicular  expansions  from  the  myce- 
lium, as  formed  within  the  substance  upon  which 
the  Mucor  grows,  are  shown  at  K,  the  two  bodies  at 
L  l  being  the  suspensors,  and  the  two  central  cells 
at  M  are  the  sexual  cells,  often  of  different  sizes, 
which  combine  to  form  one  body  termed  the  resting 
spore,  or  zygospore.  After  the  fusing  of  the  two  central 
cells,   and   the   consequent   production  of  a  resting- 


December  i2,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


757 


spore,  the  latter  body  grows  to  a  much  larger  size  ; 
the  endospore  within  is  warty,  and  the  black  exospore 
without,  which  represents  the  original  membrane  of 
the  two  conjugating  cells,  adapts  itself  to  all  the 
inequalities  of  the  endospore  within,  as  shown 
enlarged  lOO  diameters  at  N,  the  suspensors  being 
shown  at  right  and  left.  After  a  period  of  desiccation 
and  rest,  the  zygospore  if  placed  in  moist  air  germinates 
as  illustrated.  The  germinal  thread  always  grows  at 
right  angles  to  the  line  of  the  suspensors  as  shown, 
and  the  protruded  shaft  is  not  a  mycelial  thread,  but 
a  true  sporangiophore  or  sporangium-bearer,  which 
may  be  either  simple,  bearing  a  single  normal  sporan- 
gium of  Mucor  Mucedo,  L.,  or  slightly  branched.  This 
sporangiophore  is  merely  the  interiorutricle  of  the  zygo- 
spore elongated  into  a  tubular  shaft.  The  sporangium 
thus  produced  is  seen  in  elevation  at  O,  and  is  in  every 
way  identical  with  the  sporangium  at  A,  with  which 
we  started,  and  so  the  life  cycle  is  completed. 

On  juicy  and  decaying  fruits  it  is  by  no  means 
uncommon  to  find  several  Mucors  or  Mucorine  funiji 
growing  in  company.     One  of  these  is  the  remarkable 


A  few  words  must  be  said  as  to  alcoholic  fermenta- 
tion. Oidium  fructigenum,  Schr.,  first  described,  is  not 
one  of  the  fungi  of  alcoholic  ferments.  As  regards  Pen- 
icillium  cruslaceum,  Fr.,  some  authors  have  stated  that 
the  latter  fungus  is  one  form  of  the  yeast  of  beer, 
Saccharomyces  cerevisia;,  Meycn,  but  this  statement 
seems  to  have  been  founded  on  erroneous  observa- 
tions. Hoffman  thought  he  had  seen  Penicillium 
arise  from  an  isolated  yeasl  cell,  and  Berkeley  con- 
sidered Hofiman  correct.  Pasteur  has  experimented 
a  great  deal  with  Pencillium,  and  he  says,  "If  we 
distil  saccharine  liquids  on  the  surface  or  in  the  body 
of  which  we  have  grown  Penicillium,  and  repeat  the 
distillation  in  the  manner  that  we  have  already 
described  for  the  detection  of  the  minutest  quantities 
of  alcohol,  we  shall  readily  find  that  those  liquids 
fiequently  do  contain  a  little  ordinary  alcohol." 
A  submerged  condition  often  excites  a  feeble  pro- 
duction of  alcohol.  According  to  the  observa- 
tions of  Pasteur,  the  "Vinegar  plant"  has  no 
relationship  wiih  Penicillium  His  experiments 
show  Ihit  ihe  "  Vinegsr  plant  "  is  Mycoderma  aceti, 


Fig.   172.— mucor  mucedo,  l.,  enlarged  ioo  and  400  diam.     {see  p.  756  ) 


and  much  discussed  fungus  named  by  the  Rev.  M.  J. 
Berkeley,  Botrytis  Jonesii,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  760, 
1854 ;  but  now  better  known  as  Chsetocladium 
Jonesii.  De  Bary  and  Woronin  have  said  that  this 
Botrytis  or  Chcetocladium  is  a  mere  conidia  or  mono- 
sporangium-bearing  form  of  Mucor  Mucedo,  L,  but 
the  general  belief  of  botanists  now  is  that  Chireto- 
cladium  Jonesii  is,  as  Mr.  Berkeley  originally 
said,  decidedly  a  true  species,  bearing,  not  conidia, 
but  sporangia,  each  sporangium  containing  a  single 
sporidium.  It  is  remarkable  that  some  species  of 
Chsetocladium  at  times  fix  themselves  on  to  other 
Mucorine  fungi,  and  so  seem  to  live  as  para- 
sites. Under  such  circumstances  they  have  been 
observed  to  grow  more  vigorously  than  on  the  sub- 
stratrum  which  is  supposed  to  be  their  normal  one. 
Van  Tieghem  has  termed  this  occasional  ambiguous 
parasitism  "facultative."  Like  Mucor  Ch.-etocladium 
produces  zygospores.  Van  Tieghem  calls  the  fruit  a 
sporangiospore.  Mucors  will  not  grow  on  dry,  sound 
fruits,  as  there  is,  in  these  intances,  no  escaped  sap 
or  nourishing  fluid  ;  when,  however,  Mucors  are  arti'' 
ficially  grown  in  fruit  pulp  and  then  inserted  in,  or 
sometimes  on,  sound  fruit,  the  fungi  will  then  rapidly 
penetrate  the  substance  and  cause  decay. 


the  "  Mother  of  Vinegar,"  and  that  the  crop 
of  Penicillium  which  so  often  arises  from  it  is  due 
to  infection  from  the  air,  where  the  spores  of  Peni- 
cillium, Aspergillus,  Mucor,  &c. ,  are  almost  invariably 
present.  There  is  no  reason,  however,  why  all  these 
fungi  should  not  grow  with  the  Mycoderma  in  the 
Vinegar  plant,  but  Pasteur  says  he  has  proved  the 
Mycoderma  to  be  the  cause  of  acetic  fermentation. 
In  the  so-called  Ginger-beer  plant  alcoholic  fermen- 
tation is  simply  set  up  by  the  yeast  fungus,  Saccharo- 
myces cerevisice,  Meyen,  but  several  other  fungi  can 
be  easily  detected  in  it. 

Aspergillus,  when  submerged,  so  that  the  oxygen 
of  the  air  does  not  reach  it,  is  a  weak  alcoholic 
ferment  ;  it  then  decomposes  sugar,  like  yeast,  and 
produces  alcohol  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 

Alcoholic  fermentation  belongs  to  Mucor  ;  alcohol 
will  arise  from  M.  Mucedo,  L.,  when  it  grows  in 
saccharine  fluids.  The  species  named  Mucor  race- 
mosus  is  the  Mucor  ferment  of  Pasteur.  The  latter 
fungus  is  almost  identical  with  Mucor  Mucedo,  L. 

In  writing  these  notes  on  Oidium,  Penicillium, 
Aspergillus,  Eurotium,  and  Mucor,  it  may  be  com- 
plained that  many  of  the  technical  terms  are  uncouth 
and  difticuU.     These  difficult  words  are  none  of  mine  ; 


wherever  they  are  used  I  have  endeavoured  to  make 
their  meaning  clear.  The  fungi  described  are  im- 
portant and  typical.  They  are  cosmopolitan  and 
of  everyday  occurrence.  They  grow  in  nearly  all 
places.  When  they  occur  in  ill  ventilated  store- 
rooms, where  fruits  are  in  a  bruised  or  sweating  con- 
dition, the  fungi  are  highly  infectious.  All  damaged 
fruit  should  therefore  be  carefully  removed  and 
destroyed,  and  perfect  ventilation  secured.  The  oc- 
casional burning  of  flowers  of  sulphur  in  a  dry  store- 
room will  keep  most  of  the  mildew  fungi  in  check. 

There  are  many  species  closely  allied  to  the  fung 
here  described,  which  have  been  distinguished  (as  I 
consider)  by  characters  which  are  often  more  or  less 
uncertain.  I  suspect  two-thirds  of  them  to  be  worth- 
less species.  The  habitats  of  some  species  are 
sometimes  peculiar,  and  do  not  lend  themselves  to 
immediate  acceptance  as  characteristic  ;  for  instance, 
amongst  other  habitats  we  have  "on  an  old  chicken 
coop,"  "in  the  human  ear,"  "on  Pasteur's  solu- 
tion," lVc.  There  is  also  great  confusion  in  the 
names,  more  than  once  they  occur  in  duplicate,  so  that 
it  is  often  almost  or  quite  impossible  to  know  what 
species  some  authors  have  in  view,  especially  when 
measurements,  authors'  names,  and  scales  are  not 
given,  as  is  very  often  the  case.  Even  Pasteur  does 
not  give  the  names,  of  the  authors  of  the  species  he 
describes.  Sometimes,  as  in  the  yeast  fungus,  there 
are  at  least  six  different  generic  names,  and  it  is 
common  to  find  a  note  of  interrogation  after  a 
synomyn,  indicating  that  it  is  uncertain  whether  the 
two  or  mofe  plants  described,  are  the  same  or  not, 
Worthington  G.  Smith,  Dunstabk. 


J40ME     jlScilI^EgPONDENCE. 


Earthing  ■  up  Potatos.  —  In  the  paper  on 
"  Earthing-up"  at  page  715,  there  is  something 
fallacious  in  the  reference  to  the  usefulness  or  other- 
wise of  earthing-up  Potatos.  The  writer  intimates 
that  deeper  planting  of  the  seed  tubers  produces  as 
good  results  as  those  from  earthing-up,  but  it  is  not 
simply  to  protect  the  tubers  that  earthing  is  applied. 
The  Potato  stem  is  of  a  tender  brittle  nature,  and 
needs  support  against  rough  winds,  hence  it  is  found 
advisable  to  give  it  the  support  and  stay  found  in 
several  inches  of  soil  placed  against  it.  Then  a  ridge 
of  soil  about  the  plants  and  over  the  roots  tends  to 
keep  the  latter  fairly  dry  and  protected  from  heavy 
rains,  which  are  detrimental  to  the  young  tubers. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  moisture  so  cast  oiT  from 
the  tubers  is  thrown  more  immediately  into  contact 
with  the  actual  roots  of  the  Potato  plants,  which 
are  found  working  more  remote  from  the 
stem.  But  the  chief  fallacy  which  is  com- 
plained ol  is  that  which  holds  that  deep  planted 
tubers  of  necessity  produce  their  progeny  of  young 
tubers  deep  also.  That  is  not  an  actual  fact,  as  it  is 
found  that  not  only  is  the  forcing  of  Potato  shoots 
through  some  6  inches  of  soil  not  only  wasteful  to 
the  plant  and  needless,  but  also  that  these  same  stems 
throw  out  their  roots  or  tuber  stolons  rather  near  to  the 
surface  than  deep.  Hence,  whether  planted  deep  or 
shallow,  the  earthing-up  or  ridging  is  equally  desirable. 
Some  4  inches  depth  is  not  held  to  be  excessive  for 
the  planting  ol  tubers  ;  and  when  the  plants  are  well 
up  and  the  stems  stout,  some  4  inches  of  soil  added 
in  the  forming  of  a  ridge  is  desirable.  But  even  then 
it  will  be  found,  unless  more  than  the  usual  space 
between  the  rows  is  given,  the  new  tubers  are  far 
from  being  too  deeply  covered — indeed,  ample  room 
between  the  rows  is  an  absolute  essential  to  proper 
earthing.     A.  D. 

Forsythia  viridissima.— This,  at  other  times 
uninteresting  shrub,  is  at  this  season  in  its  full  glory 
of  scarlet  leaves,  quite  equalling  some  hothouse  plants 
with  coloured  foliage.  Thiscombe,  [We  have  never 
observed  any  very  brilliant  colouring  on  the  autumnal 
foliage  of  this  plant.   Ed.] 

Some  Useful  Plants.— The  culture  of  green- 
house Rhododendrons  is  deservedly  gaining  ground. 
Unlike  the  Azaleas  they  can  be  had  in  bloom  in  the 
autumn.  Again,  there  is  hardly  any  Azalea  that  has 
blooms  equal  in  substance  to  Princess  Alice  Rhodo- 
dendron, and  none  with  its  delicious  fragrance.  R. 
Duchess  of  Edinburgh  and  R.  Duchess  of  Connaught, 
which  flower  just  as  they  make  their  growth,  have 
good  claims  to  such  an  epithet  as  perpetual  blooming. 
I  was  much  interested  while  strolling  through  the 
glasshouses   of  Messrs.    Veitch,   of    Exeter,    in   the 


758 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  i88j. 


uncommonly  successful  cultivation  of  the  variegated 
Ophioposjon  jaburan  and  Paullinia  thalictrifolia.  The 
former  is  sometimes  grown  in  the  open  border,  but 
in  such  a  position  always  wants  the  erect  habit  it 
attains  in  moderate  heat.  Mixed  with  other  lowly 
growing  plants  or  Ferns  it  is  peculiarly  effective,  and, 
besides,  makes  an  admirable  decorative  plant  for 
rooms  or  dinner-tables  in  the  autumn.  The  plant 
is  well  enough  known,  so,  beyond  trying  to 
place  it  before  the  attention  of  those  who  may 
not  have  cultivated  it  largely,  or  at  all,  I  will 
only  allude  to  the  beautiful  soft  purple  colour  of 
the  Grape  Hyacinth-like  floner.  The  Paullinia 
has  neat  Fern  like  foliage,  and  the  infant  leaves  are 
crimson  tinted.  It  is  a  climber,  but  if  kept  pinched 
forms  a  sturdy  little  plant  also  most  suitable  for  deco- 
rative purposes.  Mr.  T.  Moore,  in  the  Treasury  of 
Botany,  has  a  most  interesting  note  on  the  use  of 
guaranine,  which  is  prepared  from  the  seeds  of  P. 
sorbilis  ;  some  further  notes  on  the  subject  would,  I 
am  sure,  be  appreciated.  Mr.  Greenfield,  of  The 
Priory  Gardens,  Warwick,  by  placing  his  plants  of 
the  variegated  Pine-apple  (.\nanassa  sativa  variegata; 
in  saucers  and  then  suspending  them  near  the  glass, 
has  changed  the  white  edging  to  a  beautiful  ruddy 
colour,  and  much  increased  the  vigour.  He  also  cul- 
tivates extensively  two  beautiful  old  plants  in  Clero- 
dendron  Iragrans  fl.  pi.,  and  Eurycles  Cunninghami. 
The  flowers  of  both  are  most  useful  for  buttonholes 
and  bouquets,  and  the  first-mentioned  will  keep  an 
exceptionally  long  time  in  water.  C.  A.  M.  Car- 
vii^hael. 

Honours  to  Horticulture.— I  ihink  I  shall  not 
be  alone  in  assuming  that  "  F.  R.  H.  S."  is,  in  rela- 
tion to  the  above  subject,  ambitious  of  wearing  in  his 
buttonhole  the  blue  ribbon  of  the  Royal  Order  of 
Horticulture,  or  some  other  absurd  form  of  decora- 
tion, which  serve  to  gratify  the  childish  egotism 
and  vanity  of  weak  man,  whilst  they  do  but  present 
food  fur  amusement  for  the  wise.  Honours  to  horti- 
culture, indeed  I— what  honourcanearthly  potentateor 
power  give  to  our  conscience  that  it  does  not  already 
possess.'  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  degradation  of 
ribbons  and  decorations  be  flung  at  horticulturists 
and  there  follows  a  general  scramble  amongst  the  vain 
and  emulous  ones  for  the  glittering  baubles,  what  a 
bitter  flood  of  jsalousy  and  ill-feeling  will  sweep  over 
our  present  peaceful  and  happy  profession.  And  if 
"honours"be  given  how  are  these  to  benefit  horticul- 
ture? Will  they  bring  more  trade  ?— will  they  create 
more  interest  in  gardening?— will  they  promote  brotherly 
esteem  and  good  feeling  ?— will  they  help  to  develope 
the  natural  taste  for  gardening,  and  deepen  the  hold 
which  it  already  has  upon  the  community  ?  Certainly 
none  of  these  things  will  follow.  Ask  the  nurseryman 
whether  he  would  prefer  a  paltry  decoration, 
or  "  honour,"  to  increased  trade  and  more  activity 
and  growth  in  horticulture,  and  I  am  sure  he  would 
prefer  the  latter.  One  is  surprised  to  lind  in  the 
ranks  of  horticulture  such  craving  for  the  contemptible 
as  is  evidenced  in  this  demand  for  some  special 
honours  for  its  devotees.  Why  not  for  agriculture, 
for  engineering,  for  manufactures  in  all  branches, 
indeed  why  not  for  everytliing  which  adds  to  the 
nation's  wealth  and  tends  to  the  prosperity  and  hap- 
piness of  the  people  ?  I  trust  the  gardening  com- 
munily  will  show  that  it  has  a  soul  above  these  petty 
aspirations,  and  that  our  vocation  needs  no  such 
meretricious  aid  for  its  progress  a-id  prosperity — 

"For  a'  that,  and  a'  that, 

Their  '  honours'  cheap  and  a'  that, 
The  pilh  o'  sense  and  pride  o'  worth 
.■\re  higher  far  than  a'  that,  " 

X.  [The  question  is  not  the  glorification  of  indi- 
viduals, but  the  advance  of  the  profession  in  public 
estimation.  Ed.] 

Longford  Hall,  Stretford,  has  so  long  been 
under  the  able  management  of  Mr.  G.  Smith,  that  to 
thmk  of  the  one  apart  from  the  other  requires  at  first 
some  effort  of  the  imagination,  and  yet,  in  a  very  short 
time,  the  severance  will  be  an  accomplished  fact.  As 
one  of  the  best  gardeners  in  this  district,  one  of  the 
most  successful  exhibitors,  one  whose  skill  in 
arranging  for  eftict  has  again  and  again  been  com- 
mented on,  and  withal  one  of  the  most  pleasant  and 
cheerful  neighbours,  Mr.  .Srniih  has  for  a  long  lime 
hid  a  pl.ice  in  the  esteem  and  admiration  of  gardeners 
round  Manchester.  .Shortly  we  may  lose  him.  We 
wish  him  every  success  in  any  new  sphere  he  may 


have  the  good  fortune  to  occupy.  The  immense 
quantity  ol  glass  at  this  place  has  during  the  past  sea- 
son been  put  to  the  most  practical  o(  uses.  The 
ranges  of  vineries  have  brought  tons  ol  Iruit  ;  many 
houses  are  stripped,  and  already  preparation  is  being 
made  to  commence  shutting  up  the  first  house.  O.her 
vineries  have  leaves  and  fruit  of  capital  size  and  colour 
in  abundance.  The  labour  connected  with  the  thin- 
ning of  such  a  quantity  of  Vines,  &c  ,  in  the  early 
spring  is  truly  great.  Ranges  of  Peach-houses,  100 
feet  long,  are  now  quite  quiet.  The  early  house  is 
being  taken  in  hand,  and  it  too  will  be  pruned  and 
tied  ready  for  shutting  up.  Sioves,  corridors,  green- 
houses, &c.,  are  full  of  plants  of  their  various  sections, 
a  cipital  planted  out  Fernery  being  not  the  least 
pleasing  feature  of  the  garden.  I  noticed  good  plants 
of  Adiantum  ciliatum  in  baskets,  and  pretty  it  looks 
when  grown  thus.  Two  other  good  Adiantums  are 
dolabriformis  and  palmatum.  This  latter  i>  the 
plant  used  so  effectively  in  the  group  staged  by 
Mr.  .Smith  at  the  Whit-week  show  at  Old  Trafljrd. 
Passing  through  the  greenhouses,  specimen  .\za!eas 
are  numerous,  and  in  good  order.  Capital  hard- 
wooded  Heaths  are  vigorou:,  and  of  good  colour. 
Hedaromas,  PhLenocomas,  Acrophyllums,  S:c.,  plants 

4  and  5  by  5  feet,  are  to  be  met  wiih.  On  the 
back  wall  of  one  of  the  corridors  we  noticed  a  large 
plant  o(  Luculia  gratissinia,  very  healthy,  just  showing 
flower.  Large  numbers  of  Camellias  of  all  sizes  are 
grown  for  cutting  purposes,  and  with  the  Camellias 
receiving  greenhouse  treatment  is  a  large  plant  of 
Gleichenia  flabellata,  in  capital  order.  I\e3l  trees 
of  Acacia  offinis,  over  20  feet  high,  are  in  the  con- 
servatory, and  during  their  flowering  season  are 
invaluable.  Associated  with  these  is  a  fine  .\rau- 
caria  excelsa  20  feet  in  height,  with  foliage  to  the 
bottom.  In  other  houses  there  are  fine  batches  of 
Coelogynes,  Pancratiuras,  Eucharis,  that  capital 
winter  plant  Thyrsacanlhus  rutilans.  Euphorbia 
jicquiniflora,  besides  large  plants  of  Anihuriums, 
Crotons,  Ixnras,  Palms,  Yuccas,  &c.  .\  large  stock 
of  Calan'hes  is  also  finely  grown  in  this  place. 
Here  they  have  retained  their  foliage,  which  is  now 
quite  green,  and  the  spikes  are  pushing  up  with  great 
vigour,  many  will  reach  5  feet  in  length,  and  last  two  or 
three  months  longer.  C.  Veilchi  has  bulbs  16  inches 
long,  and  stout  at  the  base  ;  the  varieties  of  C.  vesti:a 
are  also  strong,  the  bulbs  clean,  and  covered  with  a 
white  silky  skin  free  from  spot  or  disease  of  any 
description.  Splendid  bulbs  of  the  new  C.  Regnieii 
had  been  grown  this  past  summer,  and  were  now 
pushing  up  spikes  that  would  come  in  wiih  the  late 
forms,  such  as  C.  nivalis  and  C.  Turneri.  W.  S-waii, 
FalloiofieU. 

Mildness  of  the  Season  in  East  Anglia. — 
Driving  to  Saxmundham  yesterday  (December  3)  I 
observed    at    Benhall   a   pyramid    Pear    tree    about 

5  feet  high  in  full  flower,  and  not  a  leaf  on  it. 
Such  a  contrast  to  the  many  green  Hollies, 
heavily  laJcn  with  their  bright  berries  I  I  wonder 
what  will  be  the  future  of  that  poor  tree,  and 
when  one  may  expect  the  new  crop  of  fruii  ? 
Certainly  not  next  season.  Is  it  likely  that  it  is 
worked  on  the  Quince  stock,  which  may  have  had  a 
good  deal  to  do  with  its  untimely  flowering  ?  I  have 
not  seen  anything  else  showing  signs  of  untoward 
growth  here,  excepting  one  Irish  I'each  Apple  tree 
growing  on  the  Paradise  stock,  which  opened  a  few 
blooms  in  the  autumn,  and  has  now  one  or  two 
others  about  to  open.  Having  read  so  much 
lately  about  Pears  and  the  Congress,  I  begin  to 
ask  myself  if  we  are  justified  in  planting  largely 
trees  worked  on  these  stocks.  C.  Slu-/>/iaid,  Glcm- 
ham  Garilcns,  Saxmundham,  Suffolk,  [Untimely 
flowering  is  just  as  commonly  observed  on  trees 
not  so  worked,  and  on  other  subjects  not  worked 
at  all.  Ed.] 

Pruning  and  Planting  Fruit  Trees.— Before 
making  a  too  free  use  of  the  knife  and  pruning- 
shears  the  operator  should  thoroughly  weigh  in  his 
mind  whether  or  not  he  is  proceeding  in  the  right 
direction  to  bring  about  the  best  results.  If  the  same 
attention  was  paid  to  the  welfare  and  condition  of  the 
roots  of  many  trees  as  is  yearly  bestowed  on  the 
regulation  of  branch  and  shoot,  how  different  and 
more  satisfactory  would  be  the  crops  of  fruit.  L'n- 
fortunalely  the  knife,  &c.,  is  often;brought  into  use 
when  the  spade  would  be  found  to  be  the  proper 
corrective  required.  Unfruitful  seasons  have  much  to 
do   with   causing    the    production    of   over- vigorous 


wood  ;  but  in  many  more  instances  where  satisfactory 
results  are  not  obtained  it  is  the  outcome  of  careless 
planting  in  the  first  onset,  which  includes  shallow 
soil,  bad  drainage  on  retentive  soil,  and  other  evils 
which  should  have  been  rectified  ere  planting.  Often 
yearly  amputations  of  shoot  and  branch  take  place 
which  only  tend  to  aggravate  the  evil  arising  from 
over-production  of  strong  wood,  furnished  with  few 
flower-buds,  resulting  in  little  or  no  fruit  of  inferior 
quality.  I  am  now  alluding  principally  to  trees  in 
the  open,  such  as  pyramids,  standards,  &c.  In  a  deep 
naturally  rich  well-drained  soil  and  a  favourable 
climate  the  combined  influences  are  not  such  as  every 
cultivator  can  command,  as  it  frequently  occurs  that 
where  the  soil  is  rich  ard  deep,  the  climate  is  unfavour- 
able, or  exactly  vui  vcrs'i  may  be  the  case.  As  to 
trees  planted  in  good  and  deep  well-drained  soil  and  in 
favourable  localities,  very  few  remarks  are  necessary 
as  to  their  ultimate  management  either  in  respect  to 
pruning  root  or  branch.  Fibrous  roots  and  firm 
wood  well  set  with  flower-buds  will  develope  simul- 
taneously, and  only  after  several  years  of  barrenness 
will  it  be  necessary  to  sever  a  few  of  the  strongest 
roots  in  order  to  restore  the  balance  of  root 
and  branch.  I  am,  of  course,  now  speaking  of 
trees  which  are  allowed  to  grow  somewhat  naturally, 
with  plenty  of  side  and  head  room  for  development, 
and  not  of  those  which  are  compelled  by  circum- 
stances to  be  dwarfed,  in  order  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  position.  How  ditierent  is  the  case  with 
trees  planled  in  shallow  soil,  with  large  fibreless 
roots  which  have  probably  been  years  growing  into  a 
damp  unfavourable  subsoil.  Growing  under  these 
conditions  trees  are  in  a  hopeless  state,  and  can  never 
be  expected  to  produce  fine  fruit  unless  the  spade  is 
brought  into  use,  the  gross  tap  roots  removed,  and 
the  natural  soil  deepened  ;  and  if  the  trees  are  some- 
what large  when  subjected  to  this  treatment,  a 
corresponding  reduction  of  branch  should  take  place. 
To  those  about  to  plant  let  them  not  study  false 
economy,  but  lay  the  foundation  of  success  in  good 
deep  soil  and  perfect  drainages.  What  is  a  little  extra 
expense  when  planting,  in  order  to  secure  fine  crops 
and  healthy  trees,  compared  with  trees  which  would 
be  quite  the  reverse  if  planted  on  the  haphazard 
principle?  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  mrny  trees 
have  been  planted  so  indiscriminately  around  the 
ki'chen  garden  quarters  in  private  gardens,  many  of 
which  have  been  brought  into  an  almost  worthless 
state  by  constant  digging  too  near  the  stem;  of  the 
trees.  This  is  most  apparent  in  gardens  where  the 
soil  is  shallow  ;  it  deprives  the  trees  of  their  best 
rooting  medium  wherein  the  roots  should  have  been 
encouraged  by  the  application  of  mulchings,  under 
which  hoeing,  or  slightly  pricking  over  the  surface, 
should  never  have  been  exceeded.  In  conclusion,  let 
me  advise  clear  quarters  for  vegetables,  and  others, 
set  apart  exclusively  for  fruit  trees,  and  the  many  evils 
arising  from  intermixing  the  two  will  be  avoided, 
G.  //.  Richards. 


Non-rated  Trading.— The  grievance  to  which 
Mr.  Anderson  refers  at  p.  720  is  one  which  has  o'len 
been  remarked  upon  in  these  columns,  and  may  be 
discussed  with  all  the  more  ease  that  it  is  happily  out- 
side the  region  of  mere  party  politics.  It  is  a  griev- 
ance which  is  peculiarly  hard  upon  horticultural 
trading,  because  it  is  possible  only  with  gardening, 
and  it  is  one  which  appreciable  exemptions  from 
local  and  imperial  taxes  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
readiness  of  salesmen  in  our  markets  to  help  on  the 
other  hand,  has  materially  fostered.  In  the  latter 
case  it  is  but  natural  that  whilst  gardeners  have  from 
their  wealthy  but  often  mean  employers  orders  to 
assist  in  ekeing  out  the  garden  expenses  by  selling 
what  they  can  of  the  garden  produce  for  what  it  will 
fetch,  salesmen  should  be  only  too  ready  to  accept  such 
produce  for  disposal,  because  they  know  that  moderate 
returns  will  in  such  case  be  regarded  as  satisfactory. 
The  owner  has  not  to  live  and  maintain  his  garden 
from  the  sale  of  his  garden  produce.  -•'i  gar- 
dener knows  that  his  wages  and  subsistence  are  not 
dependent  upon  the  sale  of  the  produce.  Both  hope 
that  as  much  as  possible  may  be  returned  in  the 
shape  of  cash,  and  that  is  all.  On  the  other  hand  the 
trade  grower  is  absolutely  dependent  upon  his  returns 
for  a  livelihood,  and  he  has  very  heavy  pecuniary 
burthens  to  bear.  How  on  earth,  with  this  unnatural 
home  competition,  by  which  he  is  handicapped,  he 
still  exists,  is  a  wonder,  and  can  only  be  explained  on 
the  ground  that  his  produce  is  of  a  more  marketable 
kind,  and  worthily  obtains  a  higher  price.     Of  course 


December  13,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


759 


it  may  be  not  inaptly  pleaded  that  this  competilion,  if 
unjust,  still  benefits  the  consuming  public,  and  it  has 
no  cause  for  complaint  ;  but  no  such  result  can  jusiily 
the  injustice  incidental  to  rating  and  taxing 
heavily,  even  to  the  uttermost  farthing,  the 
trade  grower,  whilst  the  rich  amateur  trader  goes 
almost  scot  free.  But  Mr.  Anderson  probably  knows 
that  the  grievance  of  which  he  complains  might  be 
remedied  even  now  did  local  authorities  and  justices 
of  the  peace  act  wiih  justice  in  the  matter  of  rating. 
Buildings  erected  for  the  gratification  of  a  taste  for 
luxury  and  enjoyment  should  be  fiscally  dealt  with 
at  a  much  higher  rate  than  buildings  erected  solely 
for  the  purposes  of  trade  ;  but  I  believe  it  is  a  fact  that 
the  reverse  is  the  case,  and  that  the  latter  pay  the 
heaviest  imposts.  If  local  authorities  would  reverse 
this  system  and  place  the  heavier  imposts  upon  the 
former  class  of  property,  the  burden  of  the  trader 
would  be  proportionately  lightened.  But  then  were 
such  the  case  we  might  see  the  wealthy  and  influential 
house  and  land  owner  appealing  against  the  assess- 
ment authorities — the  only  result  of  such  an  appeal 
would  be  easily  discerned  beforehand.  Really,  there 
can  be  no  hope  for  remedy  until  some  national  system 
of  local  government  throughout  all  the  counties  is 
established,  and  that  upon  a  complete  representaiive 
basis.  Then  and  only  then  may  we  hope  to  see  the 
grievance  (with  some  others)  complained  of  removed. 
All  over  the  kingdom  are  to  be  seen  fine  houses  lying 
empty,  because  whilst  the  rating  is  almost  nil  the 
owners  have  no  pressure  put  upon  them  to  let  at  re- 
duced rentals.  Ordinarily  the  assumption  is  that 
properties  should  be  rated  at  their  rental  value. 
But  that  is  not  always  a  fair  basis  of  assessment. 
Some  properties  have  a  factitious  rental  value, 
others  one  far  below  their  real  worth.  Rating 
should  therefore  be  carried  out  on  a  fair  and 
exquitable  basis,  and  that  can  only  be  found  by 
creating  a  standard  of  worth  or  value,  and  assessing 
all  property,  no  matter  whether  let  or  unlet,  orna- 
mental or  trading,  precisely  alike.  But  there  can 
be  no  satisfactory  settlement  of  this  vexed  question 
until  the  incidence  of  taxation,  and  especially  in  its 
local  operation,  is  dealt  with.  At  present  only  real 
property  as  found  in  land  and  buildings  pays  local 
taxes.  The  farmer,  maiket-gardner,  nurseryman,  or 
tenant  of  any  buildings  is  locally  taxed  to  the  utmost 
because  they  occupy  and  exist  upon  tangible  or  real 
property.  Hence  the  man  who  rents  land  only,  and 
the  buildings  needful  for  its  profitable  employment, 
or  he  may  perchance  be  the  owner  and  occupier  of 
the  same,  having  expended  upon  them  all  his  capital, 
is  called  upon  to  pay  rates  on  all  he  possesses.  But 
the  investor  in  other  directions,  whether  in  shares,  or 
in  Consols,  or  various  ways,  occupies  a  house  that 
pays  but  one-eighih  the  amount  of  rating  a  farmer 
may  pay  for  his  house  and  land,  and  yet  the  occupier 
of  the  house  may  be  ten  times  the  richer  man.  Still 
all  his  investments  are  beyond  the  reach  of  the  local 
authorities.  They  are  not  to  them  found  in  a  tan- 
gible shape,  and  thus  they  pay  nothing  to  the  local 
rates.  Clearly  that  is  unjust,  because  the  local  ex- 
penditure is  of  as  much  value  to  the  owner  of  personal 
property  as  to  the  unfortunate  owner  or  occupier  of 
real  property.  The  matter  affords  evidence  of  the 
need  for  an  immense  reform  in  the  present  incidence 
of  fiscal  burthens,  which  fall  with  special  lorce 
upon  one  class,  whilst  others  are  materially  exempted. 
The  diverting  of  a  portion  of  the  income  tax  towards 
lightening  local  rates  might  be  of  some  use,  but  a 
simple  and  more  equitable  system  of  local  taxation 
would  be  the  greater  boon,  provided  that  in  the  re- 
arrangement we  did  not  gel  out  of  the  frying  pan  into 
the  fire.  A.  D. 

Artificially  Coloured  Potatos.— At  the  Bir- 
mingham Cattle  Show  last  week  there  was,  as  usual, 
a  large  display  of  Potatos,  but  to  my  great  surprise 
prizes  were  awarded  to  exhibits  in  several  classes 
which  contained  specimens  which  were  artificially 
coloured,  principally  the  red  varieties.  I  have  for 
many  years  visited  large  and  small  shows  of  Potatos, 
but  never  before  have  I  seen  such  a  flagrant  or  gross 
insult  to  Nature's  colouring.  I  hope  those  gentle- 
men who  were  appointed  to  make  the  awards  will  be 
able  to  justify  their  action,  and  I  trust  the  opinion 
of  exhibitors  generally  will  be  freely  expressed 
through  your  columns  on  the  subject.  J .  Harrison^ 
Leicester.  [We  have  no  information  on  the  sub- 
ject,  but  if  our  correspondent's  statement  can 
be  substantiated,  there  is  ample  cause  for  re- 
monstrance.  Ed.] 


Peach  yellows,  Mr.  Penhallow  gives  the  following 
analyses  to  show  the  beneficial  results  of  a  similar 
application  of  chlorine  :— 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  : 
December  8. 
A  very  small  gathering  witnessed  the  close  of  the 
year  of  exhibitions  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday 
last,  so  sorely  have  the  numbers  of  productions  and 
of  the  visitors  dwindled  since  the  greater  exhibition 
of  Inventions  shut  its  doors  in  October.  The 
three  faithful  committees  were  present,  but  with  little 
wherewithal  to  occupy  their  time. 

Scientific  Committee. 
The  Hon^and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen  in  the  chair. 

SCLEROTIA    I.N    STEMS   Or   CllRYSANTHEMUiMS. 

Examples  of  these,  described  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith 
in  the  Gardeners^  ChroniiU,  were  forwarded  by  him, 
as  also  an  abnormal  form  of  Lentinus  lepideus  (Agari- 
cini),  closely  resembling  a  branching  Clavaria,  from 
a  coal-pit  near  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  is  often  phos- 
phorescent when  in  this  state  in  mines. 

Producs  of  Lari:e  Palmate  Potato. 
A  Potato  much  resembling  a  hand  in  form  was  sent 
to  the  Scientific  Committee  in  November,  1SS4.  It 
weighed  15  oz.  On  being  planted  the  produce  in 
1S85  was  8  lb.,  or  more  than  Soo  per  cent.  Such  a 
result  would  seem  to  corroborate  those  at  Chiswick  — 
namely,  that  whole  sets  usually  give  a  much  greater 
produce  than  those  which  have  been  cut,  the  former 
presumably  supplying  more  nourishment,  and  there- 
fore greater  vigour  on  the  commencement  of  growth. 

Results  of  Experiments  on  Earthing  up 
Potatos  at  Chiswick. 

Dr.  Masters  brought  a  preliminary  report,  observ- 
ing that  through  the  absence  of  Peronospora,  as  in 
18S4,  the  main  object  of  the  experiment  failed  ;  but 
the  general  results  of  produce  under  the  ditTerent 
methods  of  treatment  corroborated  those  of  last  year. 
He  summarised  them  as  follows:  —  1.  Earthingup 
produces  a  crop  of  more  uniform  and  of  superior 
quality,  even  if  less  in  quantity.  2.  That  bending  ihe 
haulms  occasions  a  diminished  yield.  3.  That  a 
larger  aggregate  produce  is  derived  from  planting 
whole  tubers  than  from  the  employment  of  cut  sets. 
It  was  suggested  that  the  sub  committee  should  con- 
tinue the  experiment  next  year,  but  with  fewer  rows, 
and  confine  the  observations  to  testing  the  Jeosenian 
method  of  moulding  should  the  disease  occiir. 

Delphinium,  Fasciated. 
Mr.  Bjulger  exhibited  specimens,  about  5  feet  long, 
which  had  occurred  on  the  same  plant  for  two  or 
three  years.  Dr.  Masters  observed,  on  the  authority 
of  Mr.  George  Paul,  that  a  Holly,  var.  Doning- 
tonensis,  is  particularly  liable  to  fasciation,  as  also 
are  the  Hollies  at  Bearwood.  Mr.  ISoulger  was  in- 
clined to  attribute  it  to  poverty  of  soil.  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Bjscawen  remarked  that  fasciated  stems 
often  occurred  from  the  same  root  of  Asparagus. 

Reserve  Materials  of  Plants  in  Relation  to 
Disease. 
Rev.  G.  Ilenslow  called  attention  to  a  paper  by 
Mr.  D.  p.  Penhallow  in  the  Canadian  Record  of 
Science  (vol.  i.,  Nj.  4,  October,  1S35),  in  which  the 
author  fully  corroborated  a  single  result  of  a  large 
series  of  experiments  carried  on  at  Houghton  Farm 
in  iSSj,  to  ascertain  (amongst  other  objects)  a  cure 
for  Peach  yellows.  In  only  one  instance  was  Ihe  Early 
York  Pe,ich  very  decidedly  benefited  by  the  special 
manures  applied,  and  that  was  with  muriate  of  potash. 
"  Instead  of  small  abnormal  and  coloured  leaves  in 
early  July,  the  foliage  developed  into  organs  of  good 
size  and  a  fine  healthy  colour,  while  the  growth  was 
also  fine  (1SS3)."  The  cause  of  the  disease  he  had 
fjund  to  be  localisation  of  s'arch  in  the  bark,  &c-, 
during  the  summer,  instesd  of  its  being  utilised  for 
growth.  In  the  author's  latest  communication  he 
calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  in  1S71,  Nobbe  and 
Schiijider  demonstrated  by  their  experiments  on 
Buckwheat  the  influence  which  may  be  exerted  upon 
the  distribution  of  reserve  material  by  an  abnormal 
food  supply.  Chlorine  and  potash  were  found  to  have 
important  bearings  upon  the  products  of  assimilation  ; 
potash  being  essential  to  the  formation  of  reserve 
matters,  while  chlorine  was  found  to  bear  a  mo^t 
important  relation  to  their  final  distribution,  and  that 
by  withholding  chlorine,  starch  accumulated  in  the 
bark  and  leaves,  particularly  in  young  growth.  Re- 
storation of  chlorine  gradually  effected  the  distribution 
of  starch  and  restored  the  normal  state  of  health. 
Acting  on  these  results,  and  applying  them  to  the 


Fruit  of  Crawford's  Early. 

Wood  0 
Restored. 

'Diltj. 

'.Healthy. 

Diseased 

Disc  sed. 

Ferric  acid         ..            058 
Calcium  o.\ide  ..   ,        2.64 
Magii  slum  oxide  J        6  25 
Phospho  Iga.id..          16. o3 
Pot  ssium  0  .iie  .         74.46 

0.46 
4.63 
S-49 
18.07 
71.30 

0.52 
54.5= 

733 
11.17 

26.01 

'•45 
64.23 
10.28 

8.37 
.5.67 

These  analyses,  before  and  after  the  application  of 
the  muriate  of  potash,  made  it  at  once  clear  that  in 
the  disease  the  ash  contains  more  phosphoric  acid 
and  lime  and  less  potash.  Consequently  a  number 
of  diseased  trees  were  treated  with  muriate  of  potash. 
"After  the  lapse  of  a  few  years  they  lost  all  appear- 
ance of  disease,  and  were  restored  to  such  a  condition 
of  health  that  up  to  the  present  time  they  have  been 
most  profitable  in  their  production  of  fruit."  .  .  . 
Hence,  "So  far  as  chemical  data  could  determine 
the  disease  was  caused  by,  or,  at  least,  associated 
with  imperfect  nutrition." 

Crocuses,  Dried  Specimens  of. 

Colonel    Clarke  exhibited    a  series  of  twenty  five 

autumn    flowering   species,    illustrating    the    various 

characteri.of  the  perianth  and  stigmas,  the  latter  organ 

being  regarded  as  an.imporlant  dassificatory  character, 

The  Chairman. 
As  this  was  the  last  meeting  a  vole  of  thanks  was 
proposed  by  Dr.  Masters,  and  seconded  by  Colonel 
Clarke,  to  ihe  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  Sir  J.  D. 
Hooker,  and  the  hope  was  expressed  that  he  would 
continue  to  hold  the  cfHce  in  the  ensuing  year. 


Floral  Committee. 

Present:  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  E.  Hill,  H.  Williams,  H.  M.  Pollett,  J. 
Dominy,  II.  Ballantine,  J.  Eraser,  T.  Baines,  J. 
James,  H.  Herhst.  W.  Bealby,  H.  Bennett,  J. 
Child,  Shirley  llibberd,  J.  Douglas,  H.  Cannell, 
W.  B.  Kellock,  H.  Turner,  J.  Hudson,  G.  Duffield, 
F.  R.  Kinghorne,  and  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters. 

Of  the  feu  Orchids  brought  out,  there  were  some 
attractive  forms  of  Calanlhes,  from  Sir  Trevor  Law- 
rence's garden,  Burford  Lodge,  viz..  C.  casta,  white, 
with  a  yellow  spot  in  the  centre  ;  C.  porphryreum.  a 
bright  ni.igenta,  a  compact  bloom,  with  a  lip  smaller 
than  most  of  the  species  ;  C.  Burfordiana.  was  alike  in 
colour,  but  with  blooms  of  a  much  larger  size  ;  C. 
aurantiaca,  of  the  C.  oculata  type,  having  an  orange 
centre  ;  C.  amabilis,  a  pale  pink  form  of  flimsy  texture. 

C.  Dorman,  Esq.,  The  Firs.  Laurie  Park,  Sydenham 
(gr,  Mr.  White),  showed  Odontoglossum  Humcanum, 
a  dwarf  species,  with  a  flower-stalk  in  this  instance  of 
6  inches  in  length,  bearing  three  blooms.  The  sepals 
being  maibled  brown,  petals  greenish-white,  column 
while,  rose  tipped,  the  lip  being  about  an  inch  in 
diameter,  and  of  a  pure  white. 

W.  Vanner,  E^q.,  Camden  Wood,  Chislehurst  (gr., 
Mr.  Roljins},  showed  Barkeria  Vanneri,  a  long  and 
slender  spike  of  purple-rose  coloured  blooms. 

Messrs.  [.  Vcitch  &  Sons  showed  Chrysanthemum 
Domination,  a  broad  petalled  hybrid  Japanese  variety, 
pure  white,  and  of  value  for  its  lateness  of  blooming 
chiefly. 

Mr.  Railings  showed  also  a  sport  from  Chrysanthemum 
Duchess  of  Albany,  a  flower  of  some  merit,  of  which 
something  better  may  be  made  under  good  culture, 
Mr.  |.  lames,  Woodside,  Farnham  Royal,  showed 
Primula  Purity,  a  well-made  white  variety,  of  substance 
and  regularform,  the  fohage  being  of  the  neat-looking 
serrated  kind. 

Mr.  R.  Owen,  nurseryman,  Casile  Hill,  Maidenhead, 
brought  u  hamper  full  of  plants  of  a  nice  decorative 
Chrysanthemum  with  numerous  white  blooms — a  variety 
of  much  usehilness  at  this  late  period  ol  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum season — a  fact  which  received  full  attention  from 
the  committee. 

Messrs,  J.  Carter  &  Co.  showed  the  curious  Bous- 
singaultia  baselloides,  a  temperate-house  climber,  from 
Buenos  Ayres,  being  a  number  of  tubers  on  its  branches. 
The  leaves  were  of  a  lively  green  colour,  and  cordate. 

From  the  Swanley  nurseries  came  a  pretty  stand  of 
bright  blooms  of  Pelargoniums,  single  zonals  :  conspicu- 
ous amongst  them  was  Swanley  Gem,  of  bright  cerise  ; 
Queen  of  the  Belgians,  fine  white,  a  good  truss,  and 
substance  ;  F.  Kaufler,  a  ricti  maroon,  one  of  the  best 
Mr.  Cannell  had  brought  ;  lastly,  Eurydice,  a  purple- 
rose,  a  beautiful  distinct  variety. 

\  dozen  blooms  of  the  pretty  Ivy-leaved  Pelargonium 
Madame  Thibaut  were  also  acceptable  at  this  time  of  the 
year.  The  remaining  exhibits  from  Messrs.  Cannell  & 
."•ions  were  several  show-boxes  of  various  classes  of  Chry- 
santhemums, shown  as  cut  blooms. 

Messrs.  H.  Page  &  Son,  Grove  Nursery,  Teddington, 
had  a  capital  collection  of  Cyclamen  persiciim  and  other 
kinds  :  especially  noticeable  were  some  while  persicum, 
quite  true  in  strain,  and  finely  grown  and  flowered. 
Almost  without  an  exception  the  plants  were  the  produc- 


76o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  12,  18 


tion  of  seeds  sown  in  September,    1884.     A  Silver-gilt 
Eanksian  Medal  was  awarded. 

First-class  Certificates. 
To  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  for  Calanthe  porphyrea. 
To  Mr.  Owen,  for  Chrysanthemum  Boule  de  Neige. 
To  Messrs.   H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
Queen  of  the  Yellows. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  H.  Veitch,  Esq,,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  T-  Lee,  T-  Burnett,  J.  Willard,  T.  Wood- 
bridge,  G.  T.  Miles.  G.  Paul,  F.  Rutland,  R.  D. 
Blackmore,  and  G.  Bunyard. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  showed  again  the  handsome 
black  Grape,  Winter  King,  said  to  be  a  graft  sport  from 
Gros  Colmar  worked  on  Raisin  de  Calabre ;  but  in  the 
case  of  the  fruit  shown  it  was  the  produce  of  a  Vine  on 
its  own  roots,  the  characteristics  being  apparently  as 
easily  distinguished  as  in  former  samples  exhibited  before 
the  committee.  Some  of  the  berries  were  very  much 
like  those  of  Gros  Colmar,  whilst  others  were  distinctly 
oval  ;  the  bloom  was  very  dense,  and  the  keeping  qualities 
undeniable.     What  is  it  ? 

A  few  seedling  and  other  Apples  were  shown,  but 
nothing  that  obtained  a  recognition  of  merit  from  the 
committee. 

SMITHFIELD  CLUB, 

At  the  eighty-eighth  annual  show  of  this  club,  which 
opened  on  Monday,  the  7th  inst.,  a  good  display  oi 
roots,  corn,  &c.,  was  to  be  seen,  besides  the  cattle  and 
sheep. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  exhibited  large 
quantities  of  Mangels,  two  varieties  of  which,  viz.,  Berks 
Prize  and  Golden  Tankard,  were  particularly  fine,  which 
may  also  be  said  of  the  Champion  Swede.  A  feature  of 
this  stand  was  a  collection  of  grasses  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses, A  number  of  dishes  of  Potatos  were  also  ex- 
hibited, besides  collections  from  members  of  the  Royal 
Family. 

Mr.  J.  K.  King,  Coggleshall,  Essex,  had  a  stand  of 
various  roots,  which  were  of  fair  quality. 

From  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  Holborn,  London, 
came  a  varied  collection  of  roots,  &c.,  and  also  some 
200  glass  jars  of  ensilage  from  various  people  through- 
out the  country.  This  firm  also  exhibited  for  Colonel 
Stockwell,  Potatos  and  Turnips,  grown  in  the  Island  of 
Anticosti,  River  St.  Lawrence  ;  the  Turnips  from  the 
Colonel  were  very  large  and  clean,  but  the  Potatos 
were  cracked,  although  of  good  size.  Mangels,  Swedes, 
Potatos,  &c.,  were  shown  in  good  condition,  and  some 
boxes  in  which  Clover  and  different  grasses  were  just 
sprouting,  were  also  exhibited. 

Messrs.  Raynbird  &  Co.,  Basingstoke,  exhibited  a 
varied  collection  of  organic  manures  from  the  Anglo- 
Continental  Guano  Works,  and  chemical  manures  from 
Lawes"  Chemical  Manure  Company  ;  seeds  of  grasses 
and  Wheat,  Peas,  Beans,  Clover.  &c.,  and  hay  from 
Hampshire  Cow-grass,  which  is  said  to  yield  3  tons 
per  acre. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  Stourbridge,  exhibited  a 
number  of  Swedes,  among  which  was  the  Imperial 
Swede  wliich  took  the  prize  at  Birmingham  this  year. 
Messrs.  Webb  also  exhibited  a  great  many  varieties  of 
Potatos,  among  which  we  noticed  the  new  variety  Kinver 
Hill,  of  good  appearance  ;  seeds  of  grasses  and  cereals 
of  many  kinds  were  plentiful. 

An  interesting  exhibit  consisted  of  248  samples  of 
ensilage  shown  in  the  name  of  Mr.  Kains-Jackson.  The 
samples  at  this  stand  were  half-boxes  of  the  prize  lots 
brought  from  the  exhibition  at  the  Ensilage  Society's 
rooms,  Museum  Street--Mr.  Kains-Jackson  being  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  the  Society. 

Messrs.  Hooper,  of  Covent  Garden,  had  a  small 
exhibit  of  Potatos  and  corn  ;  their  Potatos  were  large 
and  clean,  especially  Schoolmaster  and  White  Elephant. 

Messrs.  Tlios.  Gibbs  &  Co. ,  Down  Street,  Piccadilly, 
occupied  a  large  space,  exhibiting  produce  grown  by 
their  customers,  which  consisted  chiefly  of  the  usual 
agricultural  roots,  Swedes.  Mangels,  &c.,  varieties  of 
Potatos.  and  a  sample  of  ensilage,  cured  in  1884.  was 
shown  from  Luton  Hoo  Park.  Luton.  Some  very  large 
cattle  Cabbages  of  very  fine  substance,  and  Yellow  Bel- 
gian Carrots  of  great  length,  were  exhibited  by  this  firm. 

A  collection  entirely  of  seed  com  was  sent  by  Messrs. 
Oakshott  &  Co.,  Reading. 

Messrs.  Harrison  &  Sons,  Leicester,  and  Messrs.  Hall 
&  Son,  Wesibury,  Wilts,  both  exhibited  collections  of 
roots,  comprising  Swedes,  Potatos,  Onions,  and  seeds  of 
other  agricultural  plants,  such  as  grasses,  &c. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  of  the  show  was 
that  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway.  This  was  an 
exhibition  of  the  produce  of  Manitoba  and  the  Canadian 
North-West.  The  produce  is  all  natural,  without  the 
aid  of  manures.  Gourds  and  Squashes  of  enormous 
size,  Onions,'and  Beauty  of  Hebron  Potato  might  be  seen 
here,  the  latter  grown  to  about  three  times  its  usual  size, 
as  also  are  many  other  varieties.  Tomatos  and  various 
sorts  of  fruit  were  seen  preserved  in  jars,  the  Tomatos 
lookmg  wonderfully  fine.  In  a  glass  case  was  a  sample 
of  the  soil,  showing  its  texture  for  several  feet  in  depth. 


First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
Japanese  White  Dragon,  a  pure  white  flower  of  the 
Dragon  type  with  stout  broad  petals,  and  promising  to 
make  a  very  fine  exhibition  variety  ;  to  Japanese  Bicolor, 
like  the  foregoing,  an  American  production,  orange-red, 
the  reverse  orange,  of  the  Dr.  Masters  type  of  ilower, 
large,  full,  and  striking  ;  and  to  Gloriosum,  pale  yellow, 
in  the  style  of  Agrements  de  la  Nature,  but  with  broader 
petals,  and  quite  distinct  in  character.  These  came 
from  Messrs.  W.  &  G.  Drover,  nurserymen,  Fareham. 
The  same  award  was  made  to  Pelican,  a  fine  white 
variety  in  the  way  of  Ceres,  but  without  the  bluish  tinge 
found  in  the  last  named  ;  it  has  fine  broad  petals,  and 
appeared  to  be  first-rate  in  every  respect.  This  came 
from  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  who  also  had  Dom- 
ination, a  small  white  flowered  Japanese  variety. 

Mr.  N.  Davis,  nurseryman,  Camberwell,  received 
P'irst-Class  Certificates  for  Japanese  Duchess  of  Albany, 
orange  or  cerise-red  circumference,  with  clear  golden, 
fine  and  bold,  the  petals  mrrowand  long;  Japonaise, 
very  finely  shown,  large  full  flowers  of  the  incurved  type, 
pale  reddish  on  the  surface,  with  a  reddish-gold  reverse — 
very  fine,  and  will  make  an  excellent  exhibition  variety  ; 
also  to  Boule  d'Or,  Golden  Orange,  a  very  large  and  fine 
variety,  the  flowers  of  great  size  ;  also  to  Ceres,  very 
dehcate  blush,  changing  to  white,  broad  flat  petals — 
certificated  as  a  Christmas  Japanese,  a  fine  late-flowering 
variety,  and  stands  well.  Mr.  Davis  also  had  a  fine  lot 
of  blooms  of  other  Japanese  varieties,  including  Ville  de 
Toulouse,  pale  lilac,  with  a  dull  reverse — very  light  and 
pleasing  ;  Dormillion,  pale  bright  magenta  ;  Mons. 
Burnet,  blush  face,  pale  reverse — very  large,  and  a 
fine  bold  show  variety  ;  Roseum  pictum,  R.  striatum,  &c. 

A  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Anemone  Catherine 
Wheel,  a  Japanese  type,  with  long  white  quilled  guard 
petals  and  sulphur  centre — very  pretty  and  distinct. 
Also  to  Mr.  Owen,  nurseryman.  Maidenhead,  for  Boule 
de  Neige,  a  large-flowered  reflexed  decorative  variety — 
pure  white,  very  free,  and  exceedingly  late,  and  pro- 
mising to  be  most  useful. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  passed  to  Messrs.  H.  Cannell 
&  Sons  and  N.  Davis,  for  contributions  of  cut  flowers, 
the  former  showing  forty  bunches  of  different  types. 


NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

A  MEETING  of  the  Floral  Committee  took  place  at  the 
Royal  Aquarmm  on  Wednesday  last,  when  one  of  the 
best  displays  of  bloom  that  has  come  before  this  body 
was  seen,  several  very  fine  flowers  being  produced— 
indeed,  surprisingly  fine  for  the  season  of  the  year. 


MASSACHUSETTS  HORTICULTURAL. 

Boston  :  Xcro.  12  and  13. — The  annual  Chrysanthe- 
mum show  of  the  Society  took  place  on  the  above  dates, 
and  certainly  was  more  extensive  than  any  previous  one, 
both  of  the  large  halls  being  filled  instead  of  crowding 
all  into  one  hall  as  in  former  years.  There  were  many 
new  seedlings  shown,  including  some  from  New  York  and 
New  Jersey.  Thefinestseedling  variety  is  a  white  one  from 
President-Elect,  Dr.  H.  P.  Walcott,  marked  "  C.  10  ; " 
it  is  probably  the  best  white  seedling  ever  originated  in 
this  country.  The  plants  were  displayed  in  the  upper  hall ; 
in  the  centre  were  the  specimen  plants  from  Dr.  H.  P. 
Walcott,  Cambridge,  and  Edwin  Fewkes,  Newton  High- 
lands, NIassachuseits  ;  while  on  either  side  were  arranged 
large  collections  of  many  varieties.  Dr.  Walcott  was 
ist  with  Mr.  Gladstone  for  specimen  plant,  large- 
flowered  or  Chinese  ;  and  Edwin  Fewkes  2d,  with  Sir. 
G.  Gunny.  Japanese  —Dr.  H.  P.  Walcott  ist,  with 
Fernand  Feral ;  Edwin  Fewkes  2d,  with  Carmen. 
In  Dr.  H.  P.  Walcott's  collection  we  also  notice 
the  seedlings  George  Walcott.  bright  pink  ;  Colo- 
rado, yellow  ;  Pres.  Parkman,  pink.  He  also  exhi- 
bited the  following  varieties,  including  some  of 
the  finest  plants  in  the  hall,  viz.  :— Fair  Maid  of 
Guernsey.  Golden  Gordon,  M.  Boyer,  Mrs.  Shipnian, 
Salamon,  Mile.  Marthe,  Alfred  Salter,  Crimson  King. 
Mrs.  Forsyth.  Cherub,  Ale.\.  Dufour,  Golden  Dr. 
Brock,  John  Thorp  (seedling  of  the  quilled  var.  with 
yellow  centre),  and  Beau  Paul.  Edwin  Fewkes  also 
exhibited  Source  d'Or,  Flambeau,  Mme.  C.  Andiguier, 
Margot,  Golden  Dragon,  Oracle,  Baron,  LTncomparable, 
John  Salter,  F^Iicit^,  Mabel  Ward,  and  Mr.  Geo. 
Glenny.  E.  W.  Wood  was  ist  in  the  class  of  forty 
named  varieties,  all  classes,  and  Edwin  Fewkes  2d  ;  3d, 
Patrick  Melley.  In  the  lower  hall  the  cut  blooms  and 
fruit  were  arranged.  Edwin  Fewkes  was  1st  with  twelve 
cut  blooms  of  large  flowered  or  Chinese,  named  ;  2d,  E. 
Sheppard  &  Sons,  Lowell,  Mass.  Japanese,  named. — 
E.  Sheppard  &  Sons,  ist  ;  Edwin  Fewkes,  2d.  Six  cut 
blooms,  large  flowered  or  Chinese,  named.  —  Edwin 
Fewkes,  ist ;  S.  Neil,  Dorchester,  2d.  Six  cut  blooms, 
Japanese,  named. — E.  Sheppard,  ist  ;  2d,  George  W. 
Creesy. 

At  one  end  of  the  upper  hall  the  Orchids 
were  arranged  on  a  table  running  across  the  hall, 
backed  up  with  tall  Palms.  &c.  William  Robinson, 
gr.  to  F.  L.  Ames,  took  ist  prize  in  the  class 
for  three  plants,  named  varieties,  in  bloom,  with 
OdontO' lossum  .'\lexandras,  Vanda  Sanderiana,  Cypri- 
pedium  Maulei.  He  also  showed  Cypripedium 
Chantini,  C.  Spicerianum,  C.  Harrisianum,  C.  marmoro- 
phyllum,  Vanda  ccerulea,  Phalaenopsis  amabilis,  Den- 
drobium  formosum  giganteum,  Oncidium  crispum 
Forbesii.  He  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  the 
new  Seden  hybrid.  Cypripedium  tessellatum  porphyreum, 
also  for  Cypripedium  Tonson.  The  above  are  the  prin- 
cipal plants  shown  by  them.  E.  W.  Gilmore,  Esq., 
North  Easton,  Mass.,  Thomas  Greaves,  gr.,  contributed 
a  large  collection,  including  a  plant  of  Oncidium  orni- 
thorhynchum,  with  fifty-six  flower-spikes  on  it,  also 
Oncidium  varicosum,  with  sixty  flowers,  and  the  follow- 
ing, viz.,  Calanthe  Veitchii,  C.  vestita,  pink  eye  ;  Dendro- 
bium  formosum  giganteum,  D.  bigibbum.  Lycaste 
Skinneri,  Masdevalliatovarensis,  Odontoglossum  grande, 
Phalaenopsis  amabihs,  and  Saccolabium  Rlumei  majus. 

From  the  Harvard  Botanic  Gardens  (W.  A.  Manda, 
gr.),  came  an  interesting  group  of  plants,  among  which 
we  noticed  the  curious  Strelitzia  augusta,  or   Bird  of 


Paradise  flo\\'er  ;  Tagetes  Lemonei,  a  native  of  the 
United  States  ;  Salvia  leucantha.  with  purple  and  white 
flowers  ;  and  a  species  of  Arislolochia,  very  curious  to 
look  at,  but  smelling  like  carrion.  Mrs.  F.  B.  Hayes  con- 
tributed a  collection  of  cut  Chrysanthemums  and 
Camellias.  Edwin  Sheppard  Chrysanthemums,  Gera- 
niums, and  Pancratium  fragrans.  J.  Lewis  Childs,  of 
Floral,  New  York,  had  a  large  collection  of  seedlings 
and  other  varieties.  The  above  includes  most  of  the 
principal  collections,  but  we  cannot  mention  more  for 
want  of  room.  On  the  fruit  table  we  noticed  some  very 
fine  Pears,  viz.,  Angouleme,  Anjou,  Langeliers,  Law- 
rence, Vicars,  and  Winter  Nelis.  also  some  very  -fine 
Dana's  Hovey.  From  Mrs.  F.  B.  Hayes  came  a  dish 
of  Psidium  (Guava).  Oa  the  vegetable  table  were  some 
very  fine  Cauliflowers,  Brussels  Sprouts,  and  Ct^l^ry. 


stove    plants   in    winter. 

The  time  of  rest  for  plants  is  now  at  hand,  and 
even  in  the  case  of  the  large  number  of  tender  kinds 
grown  under  glass  the  majority  require  a  period  of 
either  total  or  partial  rest,  according  to  their  nature. 
Heat  and  moisture  [and  light]  are  the  primary  agents 
that  excite  growth  in  vegetation  ;  in  the  absence  of 
either  of  these  in  quantity  sufficient  to  keep  the  vital 
force  in  an  active  state  growth  ceases,  wholly  or  par- 
tially, in  accordance  with  the  extent  of  the  reduction 
that  takes  place  in  any  of  the  exciting  forces.  Plants 
that  are  indigenous  to  countries  where  there  are  ex- 
treme fluctuations  from  excessive  moisture  to  excessive 
drought  naturally  are  the  kinds  that  submit  to  treat- 
ment of  a  comparatively  like  character  at  the  hands 
of  the  cultivator.  Vet  the  sight  of  a  plant  stove 
wherein  are  located  an  average  collection  of  species, 
brought  together  from  the  eastern  and  western 
hemispheres,  no  two  in  all  probability  coming  from 
places  where  the  climate  is  alike,  especially  in  the 
matter  of  moisture,  but  in  other  respects  differing 
much,  causes  those  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
widely  different  conditions  under  which  the  plants 
exist  naturally  to  marvel  that  they  can  be  induced  to 
thrive  in  the  same  house,  where,  when  all  that  is 
possible  has  been  done  in  regulating  the  heat,  the 
majority  will  get  either  more  or  less  than  they 
exactly  require  ;  for  although  in  a  good  sized  house 
something  maybe  done  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
inmates,  by  puting  those  that  want  the  most  warmth 
at  the  warmest  end,  and  such  as  require  less  at  the 
coolest  end,  and  by  giving  all  the  air  that  is  admitted 
to  the  house  at  the  latter,  siill  this  will  fall  far  short 
of  securing  to  each  of  the  occupants  the  condition 
they  are  subject  to  in  their  native  habitats.  Thus  it 
follows  that  the  state  of  complete  or  pariial  rest  re- 
quired by  each  kind  of  plant,  must  in  great  measure, 
be  regulated  by  the  use  of  the  water-pot.  Those  who 
have  ever  so  little  knowledge  of  what  occurs  in 
some  parts  of  the  world  where  the  temperature  from 
one  end  of  the  year  to  the  other  is  always  high, 
need  not  be  told  that  were  it  not  that  the  soil  is  so 
completely  dried  up  for  a  time  vegetable  life  would 
be  continuously  moving  at  high- pressure  rate.  There 
is  ample  proof  that  a  like  condition  of  rest  can  be 
brought  about  with  some  plants  when  under  artificial 
cultivation  by  drying  their  roots,  when  otherwise  the 
heat  they  are  subject  to  is  such  that  it  would  keep 
them  on  growing  when  it  is  needful  for  them  to  be  at 
rest.  The  advantages  attending  this  method  of  rest- 
ing such  plants  as  will  bear  without  injury  their  roots 
being  quite  dry  is,  that  when  there  is  not  the  conve- 
nience of  special  houses  wherein  to  place  them  whilst 
at  rest,  they  can  remain  in  the  stove  without  the  heat, 
as  often  practised,  being  reduced  too  low  for  those 
plants  that  require  a  comparatively  high  temperature 
even  in  the  winter.  I  have  often  had  such  things  as 
Allamandas,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fouri,  C.  Thompsoni,  Aristolochias,  Musssenda  fron- 
dosa,  Thunbergias,  Dipladenias,  and  others  of  a  like 
character,  standing  for  eight  or  ten  weeks  quite 
dormant  in  a  house  that  was  kept  at  a  temperature  of 
66°  or  6S°  in  the  night.  Needless  to  say  the  soil  was 
quite  dry,  or  the  plants  would  have  grown  apace  with 
the  amount  of  heat  present,  as  shown  by  others  of 
the  same  kinds  which  were  located  in  the  same  house, 
and  being  required  to  flower  earlier  had  the  requisite 
amount  of  water  to  keep  them  growing. 

Even  plants  like  Stephanotis,  Passiflora  quadran- 
gularis,  the  shrubby  Clerodendrons,  Medinillas,  and 
others  that  are  quite  evergreen  will,  if  the  growth  has 
been  made  under  conditions  that  have  given  sufficient 
strength  and  substance  to  the  wood  and  leaves,  bear 
without  injury  the  soil  keeping  dry  enough  for  a  time 
to  prevent  their  growing  perceptibly.  But  although 
the  plants  last  spoken  of  will  bear  their  roots  keeping 
comparatively  dry  in  the  way  described,  and  those 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


761 


previously  named  do  not  suffer  by  their  roots  being 
in  soil  devoid  of  moisture,  still  it  would  not  do  to 
treat  indiscriminately  all  the  various  subjects  that 
come  under  the  head  of  stove  plants  in  this  manner. 
Neither  would  a  like  course  answer  if  the  atmosphere 
of  the  house  was  too  dry,  for  it  naturally  follows  that 
a  plant  cannot  bear  standing  in  an  atmosphere  so  dry 
as  to  extract  any  moisture  from  its  foliage  at  a  time 
when  its  roots  have  none  within  their  reach  to  supply 
the  loss.  Instead  of  this  the  air  of  the  house  should 
be  charged  with  as  much  moisture  as  the  dull  time  of 
the  year  will  permit  of  being  used. 

It  may  be  well  here  to  mention  that,  except  with 
the  intention  of  inducing  them  to  flower  later  in 
the  spring  or  summer  than  they  otherwise  would, 
there  is  no  necessity  for  subjecting  many  kinds  of 
plants  to  this  drying  up  process  that  are  usually 
looked  on  as  requiring  to  be  so  treated  to  get  them 
to  flower  sufficiently  the  ensuing  year.  There  are 
many  stove  plants  that  through  being  annually  sub- 
jected to  a  half-dried  condition  of  the  soil  are  so 
injured  that  they  do  not  grower  flower  as  they  should 
or  otherwise  would  do.  Ixoras  in  particular  suffer 
by  this  mistaken  practice.  All  the  reduction  in  the 
matter  of  water  that  they  require  is  that  consequent 
on  their  making  less  growth,  and  the  moisture  not 
drying  up  so  fast  as  in  summer,  proportionately  less 
should  be  given.  These  and  all  other  plants  that  do 
best  when  kept  moving  continually  throughout  the 
wmter,  and  that  bloom  naturally  from  the  current 
growth  without  a  season  of  rest  between  the  growth 
being  made  and  its  flowering,  should  never  have  the 
soil  drier  than  is  consistent  with  continuous  root  ex- 
tension— a  process  that  is  always  going  on  with  them, 
only  slower  in  winter  than  in  summer. 

Many  stove  plants  that  naturally  make  continu- 
ous root-growth  are  annually,  as  autumn  comes 
round,  put  through  the  punishing  process  of  having 
the  soil  kept  much  too  dry,  under  the  impression  that 
unless  the  wood  is  in  this  way  hardened  up  they  will 
not  flower.  Anything  in  the  shape  of  bloom  that  is 
got  in  this  way  will  be  of  little  account,  as  it  may 
be  taken  for  granted  than  unless  the  previous  summer's 
growth  has  been  made  under  conditions  such  as  to 
give  it  the  requisite  strength  and  solidity  no  amount 
of  drying  off  will  set  the  matter  right,  but  rather 
make  worse  the  state  of  the  plants  so  treated.  I  have 
already  alluded  to  the  widely  different  conditions 
under  which  an  ordinary  collection  of  stove  plants 
exist,  conditions  that  it  will  not  do  for  the  cul- 
tivator to  lose  sight  of,  especially  in  a  matter  of 
such  importance  as  the  extent  to  which  root  moisture 
should  be  withheld.  In  this  more  than  in  most  things 
connected  with  their  cultivation  any  approach  to  an 
a'1-alike  course  of  treatment  will  not  end  satisfactorily. 
Whilst  some  plants  will  bear  without  injury  their 
roots  for  a  lime  in  winter  being  kept  perfectly  dry 
and  others  partially  so,  there  are  many  that  suffer  if 
there  is  any  approach  to  such  a  condition  of  the 
soil.    T.  B. 


Jfloilistji'    floui^rs. 


THE  CINER.\R1A. 
Tins  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  esteemed  of  green- 
house flowers  during  the  first  four  months  of  the  year. 
They  immediately  succeed  the  Chrysanthemums,  and 
their  rich,  brilliant  colours  are  fitting  heralds  of  the 
coming  spring.  The  plants  suffer  from  damp  at  this 
season,  unless  they  are  placed  in  a  heated  house,  wiih 
ample  ventilation.  It  is  no  use  to  place  them  in 
frames  or  unheated  pits  at  this  late  season  of  the  year, 
as  severe  frosts  may  soon  set  in,  and  the  plants  are  of 
too  tender  a  nature  to  resist  cold.  When  the  weather 
is  at  all  favourable  ample  ventilation  must  be  the 
rule,  but  high  winds  damage  the  large  fleshy  leaves, 
A  sure  sign  of  good  cultivation  is  the  preservation  of 
the  large  leaves  near  the  base  ;  if  these  decay  from 
any  cause  the  plants  cannot  be  of  the  highest  merit. 
Everybody  cannot  afford  a  special  house  for  their 
culture,  but  those  who  can  will,  or  ought  to  have 
plants  in  all  stages  of  growth,  and  as  they  come  into 
flower  they  should  be  removed  to  the  greenhouse  ;  this 
gives  those  that  remain  a  better  chance  to  develope 
themselves.  I  need  not  say  that  plants  intended  for 
exhibition  in  the  spring  should  have  plenty  of  space, 
and  must  not  be  allowed  to  become  pot-bound  before 
they  have  been  placed  in  their  flowering  pots.    I  only 


stop  the  flowering  growth  once,  and  that  is  as  soon 
as  the  flower-stem  rises  out  of  the  centre  of  the  plant. 
The  importance  of  ample  ventilation  cannot  be  over- 
estimated. I  like  to  have  the  plants  in  a  house  from 
which  the  lights  can  be  removed,  and  I  would  take 
the  trouble  to  remove  them  even  in  this  late  pe- 
riod of  the  year,  if  the  weather  was  favourable.  It 
is  not  well  to  be  too  free  with  manure-water  ;  if  this 
is  applied  at  all  it  ought  to  be  weak,  and  never 
unless  the  pots  are  well  filled  with  roots.  The  plants 
are  very  easily  injured  by  greenfly.  They  clin^ 
closely  to  the  stems,  and  insinuate  themselves 
close  round  the  flower-buds,  extracting  all  the  sub- 
stance out  of  them.  I  would  fumigate  with  tobacco 
smoke  if  I  saw  a  single  greenfly  in  the  house.  By 
far  the  largest  proportion  of  culiiva'ors  grow  their 
plants  from  seeds,  and  the  improvement  within  the 
last  few  y«ars  has  been  so  great,  that  for  all  ordinary 
purposes  seedlings  are  not  only  easier  to  manage,  but 
are  quite  as  showy  as  the  best  named  varieties.  For 
exhibition  purposes,  I  would  much  rather  grow  named 
sorts  or  selected  seedlings.  They  are  very  easily  pro- 
pagated during  the  months  of  May  ard  June,  and 
such  plants  will  produce  large  handsome  specimens 
which  will  fill  an  S-inch  pot,  forming  a  very  large 
head  of  bloom.  The  points  most  essential  in  their 
culture  are  cleanliness  and  the  production  of  healihy 
growth  by  keeping  the  plants  close  to  the  glass,  admit- 
ting air  abundantly,  but  by  no  means  exposing  the 
plants  to  be  injured  by  high  winds.  A  few  of  the 
double  varieties  may  be  grown  for  variety,  the  best 
of  them  being  very  pretty  ;  but  taking  them  in  the 
mass  they  are  not  nearly  so  elegant  as  the  single 
forms.  They  require  just  the  same  treatment. 
"}.  Douglas. 


MARKET    GARDENING. 

In  continuation  of  my  remarks  on  vegetable  grow- 
ing, as  practised  in  connection  with  metropolitan 
markets,  it  will  be  necessary  to  refer  to  several  crops, 
or  kinds  of  vegetables  together,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
as  co-existing  crops  they  occupy  the  same  space  of 
ground  together.  The  principal  or  main  crop  is, 
however, 

Celery. 

Owing  to  the  extent  of  ground  required  in  connec- 
tion with  this  important  crop,  to  insure  that  it  be 
efficiently  earthed  up  to  properly  blanch,  &c.,  much 
more  space  has  to  be  given  it  than  is  really  required 
during  the  summer  seasons.  Market  gardeners  are 
therefore  obliged  to  make  the  most  of  such  space,  and 
always  grow  other  crops  thereon  which  owing  to  their 
market  value  are  desirable.  Celery  growing  for  the 
London  markets  is  an  industry  which  has  become 
more  or  less,  a  monoptily  in  the  hands  of  a  limiied 
number  of  old  and  efficient  growers,  whose  produce 
and  names  are  recognised  in  each  market,  though 
there  is  no  necessity  to  give  them  here,  their 
success  being  due  to  care  in  selecting  soils  and  sites, 
and  to  experience  in  its  culture  only  obtained  by  long 
practice.  The  soil  preferred  is  a  dark  loam,  and  the 
sites  generally  such  as  have  some  minor  tributary  of  a 
river  or  a  brook  flowing  alorgside,  the  water  of  which 
is  brought  either  by  artificial  means,  or  by  simple 
flushing,  for  the  process  of  irrigation  during  the 
summer  season. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  these  conveniences 
outweigh  usually  those  possessed  by  private  growers. 
Besides  which,  as  Celery  is  an  indigenous  marsh 
plant,  made  fit  for  food  by  improvement,  it  flourishes 
best  in  such-like  sites. 

Each  year's  culture  may  be  said,  for  the  purpose  of 
these  remarks,  to  date  from  a  period  in  the  winter,  or 
very  early  spring,  when  the  necessary  trenches  are 
dug  out  for  the  crop,  which  is  done  in  the  usual  way, 
though  they  are  not  dug  out  so  deep  as  many 
gardeners  think  it  desirable  to  do.  The  trenches  are 
subsequently  manured  with  green,  or  once  or  twice 
turned  stable  manure,  and  not,  as  is  generally  the 
case  in  private  gardens,  with  old  decomposed  dung 
from  hotbeds.  There  seems  to  be  no  disposition  to 
dig  suoh  manure  in  at  once  ;  the  reason  appears  to  be 
that  a  "catch  crop"  is  taken  before  the  time  for 
planting  out  the  young  Celery  plants  arrives,  one 
such  crop  being 

Early  Radishes. 

For  this  crop  the  mounds  between  the  prepared 
trenches  is  utilised.  Daring  a  mild  period,  early  in 
the  third  month  of  the  year,  such  mounds  are  neatly 
raked  over,   taking  care  not  to  force  the  loose  soil 


into  the  trenches,  and  a  crop  of  Radish  seed  is  sown. 
The  variety  most  commonly  used  is  the  French  Break- 
fast, an  Olive-shaped  form  of  Turnip  Radish.  Whe- 
ther it  be  the  soil,  or  the  elevated  beds  they  are 
grown  upon,  the  success  obtained  by  the  simple 
system  of  growing  them  described  is  wonderful — 
though  I  am  bound  to  say  some  part  of  the  suc- 
cess is  due,  I  believe,  to  sowing  the  seeds  some- 
what thinly  compared  to  the  way  similar  seeds  are 
generally  sown  in  private  gardens,  &c.  In  other 
words,  the  seeds  are  sown  so  thinly  as  to  insure 
an  ample  crop,  yet  not  so  thickly  as  to  impede 
each  other's  proper  growth  and  bulbing.  So 
admirable  are  the  results  that  when  examining 
these  long  beds  I  have  pulled  up  bunches  of  the 
finest  size  and  quality  of  Radishes,  each  time  I  put 
my  hand  down  and  pulled  up  as  many  as  the  hand 
could  grasp. 

The  birds  are  a  great  hindrance  to  success  in  con- 
nection with  the  successful  culture  of  Radishes  in 
small  gardens,  and  where  thick  sowing  is  all  but 
invariably  resorted  to  to  neutralise  their  depredations 
amongst  such  seeds,  which  birds  are  particularly  fond 
of.  The  fact  remains,  however,  when  the  seedlings  • 
come  up  too  thickly  they  cannot  bulb,  hence  a  great 
waste  of  ground,  time,  and  seed  is  the  result.  Not 
only  is  this  the  case  in  connection  with  Radishes,  but 
Turnips  and  all  bulbous  rooted  plants  show  it  in  like 
degree.  Turnips  are  usually  thinned  out,  and  this 
would  it> degree  prove  equally  efficacious  with  too 
thickly  sown  Radish  seed.  I  do  not  overlook  the  fact 
that  seed-sowing  in  large  breadths  is  a  very  different 
thing  to  patch  sowings  of  more  limited  areas,  and 
that  birds  cannot  do  the  injury  to  large  sowings  they 
invariably  do  lesser  ones,  or  that  boy  bird  tenders 
are  veritable  additions  to  large  market  gardens ;  I 
desire  only  to  point  out  that  abundance  of  light  and 
air,  with  ample  distance  between  the  seedling  plants, 
are  capable  of  giving  the  best  results.  The  expanse 
of  Radish  beds  sown  requires  no  further  attention 
until  full  grown,  when  bunching  takes  place,  after 
which  the  beds  and  the  whole  space  is  again  free  for 
other  crops.  Other  crops  are  occasionally  grown  in 
lieu  of  Radishes,  or  in  succession  to  them,  and  an  im- 
portant one  suitable  for  either  is 

Lettuce. 

Seedling  plants,  mainly  of  the  Paris  Cos  type  of 
Lettuce,  are  secured,  either  by  autumn  sowings  under 
the  protection  of  cold  frames,  or  early  spring  sowings 
in  a  suitable  temperature — such  seedling  plants  being 
duly  attended  to  so  as  to  keep  them  stocky  and  robust 
by  giving  air  abundantly,  or  transplanting  them  in  the 
usual  way.  At  a  suitable  season  they  are  finally 
transplanted,  three  or  four  rows  deep  along  the  flat 
ridges  between  each  Celery  trench. 

The  Lettuces  come  in  for  maiket  uses  at  a  period  of 
the  year  when  there  are  no  excessive  supplies,  some- 
times securing  high  prices.  Another  and  similarly 
treated  crop  is 

Early  Cauliflowers. 

Though  not  so  generally  grown  as  the  two  prey 
ceding  crops,  owing  to  earlier  produce  finding  its 
way  into  market,  and  its  uncertainty  compared  with 
the  preceding,  still  occasionally  a  row  or  two  of  earl- 
Cauliflowers  are  planted  along  the  ridges  by  way  of 
change  crop.  These,  however,  only  deserve  passing 
notice.  I  return,  therefore,  to  the  main  subject — the 
Celery  crop. 

Sowing  Celery  Seed. 

Market  gardeners  have  evidently  very  fixed  ideas 
as  to  what  kind  of  seedling  plants  make  in  the  long 
run  the  best  produce.  And  though  some  of  them 
commence  digging  good  blanched  examples  some- 
what early  in  the  season,  they  do  not  appear  to 
unduly  force  germination,  or  the  after-growth  of  the 
young  seedling  plants. 

Wooden  frames  are  partly  filled  with  rich  soil,  or, 
as  is  oftener  the  case,  the  ground  is  well  prepared  by 
enriching,  breaking  up,  &o.,  and  the  frames  placed 
thereon,  such  frames  being  of  the  modern  type, 
handy,  comparatively  shallow,  light,  and  convenient. 
The  seeds  are  then  sown  and  neatly  covered,  and  the 
sashes  shut  down  until  germination  is  in  progres.s, 
air,  &c.,  being  given  as  growth  progresses.  By  this 
means  very  vigorous  young  seedling  plants  are 
secured. 

As  soon  as  large  enough  for  pricking  out,  every 
possible  advantage  is  taken  of  ground  where  protec- 
tion can  be  afforded  to  transplant  and  forward  the 
earliest  batch  of  plants,  so  as  to  make  them  ready  for 


762 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  iS 


planting  out  at  the  earliest  possible  time.  I  have 
observed  Celery  growers  even  to  use  span-roofed 
houses  for  this  purpose.  Elevated  beds  are  raised, 
and  the  young  seedlings  dibbled  out  thereon.  This 
work  is  done  by  women  employed  on  the  premises 
for  general  work. 

During  the  subsequent  summer  months  the  power 
to  irrigate  the  trenches  gives  great  impetus  to  growth, 
and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  the  result  gives  such 
thick,  sturdy  slicks  ! 

It  may  be  observed,  however,  these  are  all 
important  and  requisite  features,  from  a  market  point 
o(  view,  and  strange  as  it  may  appear,  in  regard  to 
Celery  more  particularly. 

The  fact  is,  to  make  a  profit  it  requires  good  uni- 
formly well  grown  Celery,  and  a  variable  or  inferior 
crop  would  consist  of  so  much  waste,  even  if  good 
bundles  could  be  made,  so  that  the  returns  would  be 
lessened  one  half  and  more. 

Gardeners  who  grow  for  private  tables  need  not  wish 
to  emulate  the  large  compact  market  slicks.  The 
tenderest  and  best  Celery  rarely  grows  fine  show 
sticks.  The  fact  is,  high  quality  consists  of  tender- 
ness, and  the  most  tender,  or  crisp  and  best  are,  owing 
to  their  very  ctispness,  prone  to  split  in  two  at  the 
outer  leaves  during  growth.  Thus  such  a  crisp 
variety  as  Williams'  Matchless  would  never  succeed 
upon  niirket  vans  nor  exhibition  boards,  though  for 
salads  it  may  have  no  equal. 

But  I  imagine  private  growers  may  profit  from  even 
these  facts.  It  is  needless  to  remark  private  growers, 
in  their  anxiety  to  have  early,  and,  as  they  imagine, 
large  and  fine  pnxlace,  are  prone  to  sow  seeds  in 
heat  at  a  somewhat  early  date  ;  the  result  being, 
when  pans  or  boxes  of  young  seedlings  are  secured, 
they  are  placed  on  one  side  until  greater  convenience, 
either  of  time  or  space,  permits  of  their  being  planted 
out.  This  fact  in  itself  causes  the  plants  to  become 
i-tunted,  and  occasionally,  later  on,  to  bolt  more  or 
less. 

But  I  maintain  that  still  more  permanent  injury 
is  done.  It  matters  not  how  long,  or  how  strong 
a  plant  drawn  in  a  transplanted  seedling  form 
may  be,  if  it  is  not  possessed  of  a  good  base.  And  as 
regards  nursed-up,  overdrawn  plants,  even  when  they 
are  planted  out  early,  their  whole  vigour,  if  they 
possess  any,  is  expended  in  forming  such  requisite 
base,  the  result  being  that  ultimately  the  whole  of 
those  earlier  leaves  wither  away,  and  even  if  rich  soil 
and  attention  to  watering  cause  subsequently  a  vigour- 
ous  growth,  this  becomes  drawn  and  out  of  character, 
so  that  the  original  want  of  a  good  robust  young 
plant  causes  even  the  matured  produce  to  be  thin  and 
devoid  of  heart.  If  private  growers  would  emulate 
their  market  lOnfr^reSy  and  set  aside  a  small  frame  on  a 
sunny  sheltered  site,  sowing  the  seeds  therein  at  pre- 
cisely the  same  date  they  habitually  make  those  early 
sowings  in  heat,  giving  but  slight  attention  to  it 
subsequently,  I  am  convinced  better  results  would 
tnsue. 

As  it  is,  too  early  forced,  transplanted,  and  hence 
drawn-up  plants  do  not  come  up  with  nearly  such 
good  fibrous  roots,  and  being  transplanted  often 
during  dry  periods,  subsist  on  meagre  supplies  of  root 
moisture,  as  compared  with  the  ample  supply  which 
efficient  irrigation  affords,  applied  as  matured  practice 
dictates. 

In  connection  with  Celery  growing  for  market,  the 
preparation  of  the  plants  following  a  summer's  growth 
for  earthing  up  is  particularly  well  performed. 
*_irowers  know  the  great  injury  that  accrues  to  the 
stalks  by  permitting  suckers  to  lemiin  upon  them. 
<-3reat  care  is  therefore  taken  to  remove  all  such.  The 
earlhing  up  work  is  performed  with  nice  regularity 
and  care,  so  as  not  to  unduly  force  the  soil  against 
any  part  unduly,  and  so  check  the  upwaid  growth  of 
young  leaves,  or,  what  is  worse  in  connection  with  the 
earlier  stages,  cause  **  sticks"  to  become  "seated,"  or 
bent  double.  In  view  of  this  the  soil,  previous  to  the 
first  and  subsequent  mouldings,  is  broken  down  finely, 
so  that  it  may  lie  evenly  and  settle  down  as  evenly 
and  firmly  together  as  possible  following  rains. 
miham  EarUy,  IlforJ. 


out  to  a  great  extent,  several  hundred  varieties  of  the 
best  in  cultivation  being  grown,  his  employer  being 
especially  fond  of  this  modest  flower.  He  was  the 
raiser  of  that  beautiful  Regal  Pelargonium,  Beauty  of 
Oxton,  sent  out  some  years  ago  by  Messrs.  Cannell 
&  Son,  and  which  has  found  its  way  into  every  col- 
lection. The  Conifers  at  Oxton,  of  which  there  are 
many  fine  specimens,  were  raised  from  seed  by  Mr. 
Ayson,  and  he  lived  to  see  many  of  them  as  perfect 
specimens  as  are  to  be  met  with.  Fruit  culture,  both 
tndoors  and  out,  together  with  all  the  other  depart- 
ments, showed  signs  of  good  cultivation. 


We  have  to  record  the  death,  on  December  8,  of 
Alexander  Ayson,  aged  fifty-six,  who  for  the  last 
twenty-seven  years  fulfilled  the  duties  of  Head  Gar- 
dener to  the  late  General  Studd  and  his  eldest  son 
and  successor,  E.  Y.  Studd,  Esq.,  Oxton  Hall, 
Kenton,  Exeter.  Mr.  Ayson  was  a  good  all-round 
gardener.  Orchids  at  one  time  were  well  cultivated, 
the  collection  comprising  many  grand  specimens  of 
the  most  popular  varieties.    Pansy  culture  was  carried 


Hygrome- 

BAROMETeR 

IHE  Air. 

from 
Glaislier's 

Wind 

Q 

Tables  7lli 

EditioD. 

J 

^ 

z 

1  . 

S 

1 

S 

1 

Ili'fl: 
*     1° 

X 

S 

A 

IF 

1 

is" 

II 

Dec 

In. 

In.    |. 

„ 

In, 

3 

=98? 

-4-OI319-0 

395 

9.S 

45-8-1-  4-= 

45.4 

98 

S.W.    0  11 

4 

5951 

—0.24  49  = 

400 

9.2 

44  2.-1-  2.4 

39  4 

83 

S.W.     0  eg 

5 

=9  55 

-0.31  4'.5 

33  4 

8.1 

37  9|—  3  8 

348 

87 

N  W.    0  23 

6 

=9  4" 

-036 

40.3 

34  0 

6.2 

i6  9 

-  4.7 

14 -3 

9.{ 

N.NW.  °-'"' 

7 

1970 

—0.07 

39  5 

34  5 

50 

566 

-  4-9 

33  ■ 

86 

E.  N.E.  0.03 

8 

S9  9» 

-(-0.15 

13' 

'6.5 

6.7 

29.9 

—  H.5 

>4.S 

79 

E.  N.E.  0.00 

0 

in.i-1 

-I-0  3.S 

ISO 

24.0 

no 

30.0 

130 

73 

N.W.    0  00 







— 









Mean 

»9  73 

-a04 

1.  . 

33  ■ 

80 

37.3'-  4.3li3.5 

83 

N.W.    053 

-Rain  in  morning  ;  very  dull  day. 

-  Slight  rain  from  early  morning  till  9  a. 

fine  in  afternoon  ;  shower  of  rain  about 
-Dull  day  ;  rain  at  night. 

—  Fine  day  ;  dull. 
-Dull  day  ;  fine. 

—Very  fine  day  ;  very  cold. 

—Fine  day  ;  slight  fall  of  snow  at  night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  December  5,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter increased  from  29.40  inches  at  the  beginning  of 
the  week  to  29.65  inches  by  9  A.M.  and  decreased  to 
29  61  inches  by  i  r.M.  on  the  29th,  increased  to 
30.32  inches  by  9  A  M.  on  the  2d,  decreased  to  29  66 
inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  4th,  increased  to  29. S2 
inches  by  9  A  M.  on  the  5th,  and  was  29  65  inches 
by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29  91  inches,  being 
o  45  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.01  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— Ths  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  57°.5,  on  Nov.  30  ;  on  Dec.  5 
the  highest  temperature  was  41°. 5-  The  mean  of 
the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  49°-S' 

The  lowest  temperature  was  3I°.2,  on  Dec.  2, 
on  Nov.  30  the  lowest  temperature  was  44".  S.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  37°.  6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
l8°.8,  Oi  Nov.  29  ;  the  smallest  on  Dec.  5  was  S°.I. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  ii''.9. 

The  niean  temperatures  were,  on  Nov.  29,  4S°.4 ;  on 
the  30th,  50°.5  ;  on  Dec.  ist,  42°.6  ;  on  the  2d, 
39°;  on  the  3d,  45°.S  ;  on  the  4th,  44°. 2  ;  and 
on  the  5th,  37°  9  ;  and  these  were  all  above  the 
averages  (excepting  Dec.  2  and  5,  which  were  2°.  8 
and  3°.8  below  their  averages),  by  6°.7,  8'.8,  o°.9, 
4°,  and  2.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  43°-6, 
being  1°  lower  than  last  week,  and  2°.3  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  64°,  on  Dic.  2.     The  general  mean  was  58°. 3. 
The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum   thermometer 


placed  on  grass  was  29''.4  on  the  22d.     The  mean  of 
the  seven  readings  was  33°.  3- 

i7ai«.— Rain  fell  on  six  days  to  the  amount  of 
0.98  inch. 

England:  7>ffr/«a/«r<!. —During  the  week  end- 
ing December  5.  the  highest  temperatures  were  58°.  5 
at  Cambridge,  58'  at  Tiuio,  57°.5  at  Blackheaih  ;  tte 
highest  at  Sunderland  was  51°,  at  Bibon,  5i°.6,  at 
Preston  and  Newcastle  52°.     The  general  mean  was 

55°- 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  30°  at  Tiuro,  30  .4 
at  Wolverhampton,  31°. 2  at  Blackheaih  and  Livei- 
pool ;  at  Prestont  he  lowest  was  37',  at  Bradford  36°  4, 
at  Leeds  and  Sunderland  36°.     The  general  mean  was 

The  greatest  ranges  were  28°  at  Truro,  27°.  5  at 
Cambridge,  26°.  3  at  B  ackheath  ;  the  least  ranges 
were  15  at  Sundeiland  and  Pieslon,  17°  at  New- 
castle.     The  general  mean  was  21°. 4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro  54°,  at  Plymuuih  5?°  6,  at 
Leeds  ;  51°. 5,  and  was  lowestat  Sunderland,  45°. 7.  at 
Bolton  46". 4,  at  Liverpool  48°  7-  The  general  mean 
was  49.  G. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  44°  4.  at  Plymouth  4j°.S,  at  Bris'ol 
39°. 8;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  33°-7i 
at  Bolton  35^.4,  at  Hull  36°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  38^.7. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolver- 
hampton, I5°.4,  at  Hull  I3'.3,  at  Nottingham  I2°.7  ; 
and  was  less  at  Sunderland,  7°.3,  at  Newcastle 
9°,  at  Truro  9'  6.     The  general  mean  was  10°. 9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Tiuro,  49*.I, 
at  Plymouth  48".6,  at  L.eds  45 -2;  and  was 
least  at  Bolton,  40°.S,  at  Wolverhampton,  41°.  3,  at 
Sunderland  41°. 9.     The  general  mean  was  44°.  i. 

Kain.—'Vhe  largest  falls  were  1. 88  inch  at  Biistol, 
I  58  inch  at  Truro,  i  29  inch  at  Bolton.  The 
smallest  falls  were  o  13  inch  at  Newcastle,  o  15  inch 
at  Hull,  and  o.lS  inch  at  Sunderland.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.75  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature.  — Utixmz  the  week  end- 
ing December  5,  the  highest  temperature  was  53°,  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Dundee  the  highest  temperature  was 
48'.!.     The  general  mean  was  So''.5. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  27°,  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Peith  the  lowest  temperature  was  34''.9. 
The  general  mean  was  31°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leiib, 
43°.3  ;  and  lowest  at  Dundee,  39°.  7.  The  general 
mean  was  41". 8. 

Kain.—TYie  largest  fall  was  2.06  inch,  at  Greenock  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  o  43  inch,  at  Leith.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  o  91  inch. 

lAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


•  Our  Almanac  for  lim—Secretjrics  ,f  Prmin- 
cial  and  Metropolitan  Horticultural  Societies  art 
pxriicularly  invited  to  send  us.  as  soon  as  possible, 
the  D^tes  0/ their  Meetings  and  Exhibitions  cluiing 
the  ensuing  year,  so  as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 


Address  :  J.  A.  de  Mar.  Williams  &  Norgate,  forriga 
booksellers,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 

COWKEEPING   BY    FARM    LABOURERS  ;    E.   B.     The  COSt 

is  ij.,  and  it  can  be  obtained  from  Henry  Everihed, 
Hurstmonceaux,  Sussex. 

Diaries;  Ed.  Birchall.  We  know  of  no  diary  sped- 
ally  suited  to  a  gardener. 

Errata.  —  In  our  report  of  York  Ancient  Florists' 
meeting  (p.  728),  for  "Apples  and  Pears  north  of  the 
Tweed,"  read  "  Apples  and  Pears  north  of  the  Trent. 

At  p.  7r5,    third  line,    in  Dendrobium   speciosum, 

read  "my  man  "  for  "  my  gardener."— On  p.  678,  coL 
c,  in  the  article  on  Cattleya  Warscewiczii,  sixth  line, 
read  "  I  span  "  instead  of  "  i  inch." 

Ferns  :  Broomford.  I,  Now  more  fully  developed  this 
proves  to  be  Adiantum  Morilzianum.  a  large  and  free- 
growing  form  of  A.  CapiUus- Veneris,  regarded  by  some 
as  a  distinct  species,  which  is  very  doubtful.  2,  Not 
in  a  very  satisfactory  slate,  but  the  smaller  more 
fully  fructified  pieces  seem  to  be  the  small  pinnuled 
form  of  A.  Capillus-Veneris  said  to  have  been  intro- 
duced from  the  Crimea,  and  sometimes  named  A. 
c.-v.  var.  Hookeri. 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE. 


763 


Illustrations  OF  Trees  :  R.  Coombs.  There  is  no 
book  of  which  we  are  aware  that  gives  accurate  draw- 
ings of  each  kind  of  tree  so  as  to  make  it  available  for 
an  artist.  The  persons  who  deal  in  artists'  reqaire- 
nients  may  have  sketches  of  common  English  trees. 

Insects  :  /.  \V.  The  little  moths  sent  are  a  species  of 
Tinea,  perhaps  T.  pallescentella.  The  litlte  maggots 
sent  in  decaying  vegetable  mould  are  probably  their 
larv::e  ;  but  please  say  in  what  manner  they  have 
attacked  your  French  Beans  by  a  Hne  addressed  to 
Professor  Westwood,  Oxford. 

Kew  Gakdkns  :  G,  Parker. — You  must  apply  to  Mr. 
Smith,  Curator,  Kew,  who  would  then  put  the  appli- 
cam's  name  on  the  list.     Vacancies  are  seldom. 

Manure  for  Newly  Laid  Turf:  J.  Vaji  Hut- 
berghe.  At  any  time  during  the  winter  you  can  dress 
the  grassland  with  sifted  loam,  wood  ashes  (one- 
fourih  of  the  whole),  and  rotten  cow  or  horse  manure 
miy  be  added,  the  soil  being  poor,  otherwise  the  latter 
is  better  omitted.  The  compost  should  be  well  mixed 
before  using  it.  A  frosty  day  should  be  chosen,  so 
that  it  can  be  wheeled  on  without  causing  injury  lo  the 
turf,  and  be  spread  thinly — that  is,  just  covering  the 
ground,  without  hiding  the  blades  of  grass.  The 
rains  will  wash  it  all  in  before  growth  takes  place  in 
the  spring. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  We  regret  to  say  that  a  package, 
containing  several  varieties,  despatched  to  our  fruit 
referee,  was  tampered  with  en  route,  and  we  are  con- 
sequently unable  to  give  the  names. 

Names  of  Plants  :  H.  T.  Hakea  laurina.— J. 
Urquhiirt.  i,  Eria  Dilleni  ;  2,  Adiantum  excisum  ; 
3,  Acacia  armata  ;  4,  A.  Riceana  ;  5,  Woodwardia 
orientale. 

Primula  ;  W.  J.  H.  Chinese  Primrose  and  PrimuU 
sinensis  and  P.  prtenitens  are  synonymous. 

RiBSTON  PH'PIN  AND  CORNISH  GILLYFLOWER  APPLES  : 

//.  G.  You  should  get  these  sorts  true  to  name  from 
nurserymen  in  your  county— as  Messrs.  Lucombe  & 
Pincc,  and  K.  Vcitch,  of  Exeter,  or  of  Mr.  Scott, 
Merriolt  Nurseries,  Crewkerne. 

Salix  kosmarinifolia  :  C.  A.  M.  C.  This  plant  has 
been  found  in  Britain  in  a  few  places,  but  it  is  stated 
by  most  authorities  to  be  North  European.  It  is  met 
with  in  Sweden. 

The  Rise  and  Progress  of  Gardening  :  W.  Scott. 
My  Garden,  by  A.  Smee,  published  by  G.  Bell  &  Son, 
York  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  ;  Johnson's  Dic- 
tion try  of  British  Gardening,  now  out  of  print. 

■»•  All  conmiunications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  lo  the  "Editor,"  and  not  to  the  Publisher, 
or  to  any  member  of  the  staff  personally.  The  Editor 
would  also  be  obliged  by  such  communications  being 
written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent  as  early 
in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents  sending 
newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs 
tliey  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

(^"  :^"OREiGN  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Inielligent  Readers,  please  Note.  — Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

.^LEX.  E.  Campbell,  Cove  Gardens,  Gourock,  N.B.— 

Hybrid  Gladioli. 
J.   M.   TiiORBURN  &  Co.,   15,  John  Street,  New  York, 

U.S.A.— American  Seeds  and  Choice  Gladioli. 
Clarke  Brothers  &  Co.,  65,  Scotch  Street,  Carlisle 

—  Roses,    Fruit  Trees,    Conifers,    Ornamental    and 

Forest  Trees, 
Robert  Cooper,  90.  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

— Wholesale  Catalogue. 
Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  79,  Southwark  Street,  London, 

S.E— Wholesale  Price  Current. 
William  Fell  ik  Co.,    Hexham,    Northumberland.— 

Forest  Trees,  Roses,  Plants,  &c. 
Will  Tavler,  Osborne's  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middle- 

iex.— Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 


oMMUNiLATioss  Rechivhd.— W.  H.-  W.  H.  H.  C.  V.  L. 
-Sig.  RovelH—W.  P.— H.  Correvon,  Geneva.  —  H.  M.. 
lioston.— W.  S.— G.  K.  Julian  — E.  B.— Godefioy  Lebeuf. 
-M.  Larsen.-G.  H.— E.  R.  C.-J.  W.-J.  S.-A.  D.  W.- 
W.  H.uis  Herrenhut.-J.  D.  H.— H.  G.-J.  W.— T.  R— R. 
D.-b.  T.  L.— W.  J.  M.— W.  N.-H.  E.— J.  R.  J. 


^nqitirus. 

"  He  tluxt  gucstioneth  much  sluill  learn  much." — Bacon. 

Poinsettias  not  Flowering- — I  shall  [be  much 
obliged  if  some  of  your  correspondents  will  tell  me  ihe 
cause  of  the  leaves  that  form  the  bracts  gelling  black 
and  falling  off  when  just  imfolding  from  around  the 
flowers.  I  have  grown  a  great  quantity  this  year,  the 
plants  ranging  from  6  inches  to  6  feet  high  ;  some  of  ihe 
stems  are  clothed  to  the  pot  with  healthy  foliage,  others 
have  Irom  three  to  eight  healthy  leaves,  but  not  one 
plant  has  perfected  a  single  bract.  Would  guano- water 
in  a  weak  slate  cause  it  ?  for  they  were  watered  during 
summer  and  autumn  with  it.     1  shall  be  glad  to  get  any 


intormation  as  to  the  means  to  be  adopted  to  prevent 
such  an  occurrence  another  year,  as  I  am  sure  something 
must  have  gone  wrong  in  the  management.  They  never 
got  dry,  but  had  every  attention.    Toki. 


lailuts. 


C0VEN7    GARDEN,    December    10. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.) 

Large  consignment  of  Grapes  to  hand  with  a  free 
sale  at  low  rates.  English  Pines  flat,' in  face  of  heavy 
arrivals  from  St.  Michael.  Fine  samples,of  Kent  Cobs 
in  demand.  James  Webber,  Wliolesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  per  J^-sievc 
—  Canadian,  barrl. 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Ken  I  Cobs,  100  lb.  ,.: 
Lemons,  per  case    .. 


Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b.   10-.. 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-51 
Pears,  per  dozen      . .  09-1  ; 

—  per  K-sieve       ..16-3. 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  per  doz..o  6- 
Beaub,  Kidney,  lb...  i  o- 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  o- 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..09- 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  i  6- 
Capsicums,  per  100. .  t  G- 
CarroLs,  per  bunch.,  o  6- 
Cauliflowers.  per  doz.  2  o- 
Celeriac,  per  root  ..03- 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  6- 
CoIeworts,doz.bunch  4  o- 
Cucumbers,  each  ,.,o  6- 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..10- 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..02- 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..03- 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. .    i  o- 

Potatos.— Magnum  Bonu 
605.  to  8or.  per  ton  ;  Gei 


Mushrooms,    punnet  10-16 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 

D    Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 

3  ]  Parsley,  dozen  bunch  20-30 
I  Parsnips,    per    doien  10-.. 

D     Potatos,  per  cwt     ..    40-50 
,,     kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 

3     Salsafy,    per    bundle  09-.. 
I  Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  10-.. 

D     Seakale,  punnet       . .    26-  . . 

D     Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  g 

D     Spinach,    per  bushel  4  0-6     o 

D    Sprouts,  per  pound     03-.. 
Sprue,  bundle         ..    r  o-  .. 

\    Tomatos,  per  lb.     ..   06-10 

5     Turnips,  bunch        ..  06-   .. 

,  bad  trade,  50J.  toSoj. ;  Regents, 
in  Reds,  is.  to  is.  6d,  per  bag. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesa 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  1 
Arbo.  vitae  (golden), 
per  dozen  . .  . .    6  ■ 


1  Lilie 


Begonias,  per  dozen  6  < 
Bouvardia,  doz  ..  12  t 
Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  t 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  c 
Cyclamen,  12  pots. .12  c 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  ( 
Drac^na  terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..  -.30  c 

—  viridis,  per  doz- .  12  e 
Erica,  various,  doz.  la  c 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  ( 

Evergreens,   in  var., 

|.er  dozen  . .  ..6c 

Cut  Flowers. - 


Ficus  elastica,  each.. 
'  Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Hyacinths,  Roman, 
per  pot       ..  .. 

Marguerite  Dai>y, 
per  dozen  . .         ..    ! 

Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    ( 

Pall        ■ 


Pelargoniums,    s 
let,  per  dozen 


..  6  ( 


dozen        ..  ..    li  < 

I  Primulas,   single,   12 

Tulips,  13  pots        ..81 


per  bunch  .. 

0  6- 

I   0 

Marguerites,  12  bun. 

Arum  Lilies,  i2blms 

6  0- 

Mignonette,   12  bun. 

1  6-  3 

Azalea,  12  sprays  . 

I    0- 

Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Bouvardias,  per  bun 

0  6- 

I  0 

trussas 

I  0-  I 

Camellias,  12  blnis.. 

6  n 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses 

Carnations,  12  bims 

I   0- 

Pomsettia,  12  blms.. 

40-8 

Chiysanth.,  12  blms 

0  6- 

Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  12  bunches 

4  0- 

->  0 

dozen 

0  ft- 

n  « 

—  Tea,  French,  doz. 

Epiphyllum,      dozen 

—  red,  French,  doz. 

r   6-  2 

blooms       .. 

0  fi- 

1  0 

Stephanotis,  12  spr-. 

60-  S 

Eucharis,    per  dozen 

H  0 

Iropaiolum,  12  bun. 

Gardenias,  12  bloom. 

4  O" 

6  n 

Tuberoses,   12  blms.. 

r  0-  I 

Hyaciiillis,  Rom  ,  i 

1  ulips,   doz.    blooins 

I  0-  I 

sprays 

I  0- 

2  0 

Violets,     12    bunche 

1  0-  I 

Lapageria,  white,  la 

—  Czar,    Fr.,  bunch 

1  0-  I 

blooms 

2  0- 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun. 

—  red,  12  blooms  . 

10- 

SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec.  9. — Owing  to  the  presence  in  London 
of  a  large  nnmber  of  agricalturisls  up  for  the  Cattle 
Show,  there  was  a  larger  attendance  than  usual  on  to- 
day's Seed  Market.  Business,  however,  continues 
exceedingly  quiet  ;  and,  in  fact,  no  great  activity  is 
expected  until  the  New  Year.  Meantime,  values  all 
round  exhibit  considerable  steadiness.  Rather  higher 
prices  are  asked  for  Trefoil.  In  neither  Clovers  nor 
Alsikes  is  there  any  quotable  change.  There  is  more 
business  now  passing  in  blue  Peas  and  Haricot  Beans. 
Feeding  Linseed  is  firmer.  Hemp  and  Canary  seed 
show  no  alteration.  John  Shaw  6*  Sons,  Seed  Mer- 
chants, 37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.G. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Dec.  7. — Arrivals  from  abroad  having 
been  very  moderate,  has  tended  to  give  some  support  to 
prices,  but  the  trade  nevertheless  was  very  slack,  and 
that  rates  are  supported  is  the  best  that  can  be  said.  The 


flour  trade  was  also  quiet,  and  without  change  in  prices. 
New  Maize  was  easier.  Barley  was  quiet,  and  Oats, 
with  fair  arrivals,  were  a  slow  sale,  and  in  some  cases  the 
turn  in  buyers'  favour. 

Dec.  9. — Wheat  and  flour  were  quoted  at  late  rates. 
Spring  corn  generally  was  supported,  and  Russian  Oats 
were  firmer.     New  Maize  was  dull. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Dec.  5  : 
— Wheat,  31J.  ;  Barley,  301^.  \d.  ;  Oats,  i3r,  iO(/.  For  the 
corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat,  301,  lo/. ;  Bar- 
ley, 3u.  2ii'.;  Oats,  191.  ^.d. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  9.— Good  supplies  of 
fruit  and  vegetables,  with  a  good  irade  at  undermen- 
tioned quotations  :— Pears,  2f.  ^d.  to  5 J.,  and  Apples, 
IS.  6d.  to  5^.  per  bushel ;  Cabbages,  2-t.  6d.  to  51.  per 
tally  ;  iiavoys,  3^.  to  js.  do.  ;  Spinach,  2J.  6d.  to  31. 
per  sieve  ;  Brussels  .Sprouts,  4X.  to  41.  6.^.  do.  ;  Cauli- 
flowers, ij.  to  2J.  per  dozen  ;  Beetroots,  2.s.  6d.  to  $s. 
do.  ;  Celery,  6s.  to  los.  per  dozen  bundles  ;  bunch 
greens,  2s.  6i  to  4^^.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  ditto  Turnips, 
y.  to  3J.  6d.  do.  ;  ditto  Carrots,  2s.  6d.  to  31.  do.  ;  ditto 
Parsley,  is.  lo  is.  6d.  do.  ;  Onions,  4*.  6d.  to  5;.  per 
cwt.  ;  white  Turnips,  40^^.  to  58J.  per  ton  :  Swede  do  , 
25f,  to  301.  do.  ;  Carrots,  30^'.  to  50J^.  do.;  Mangels,  225^. 
to  25J.  do. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  8. — There  was  a  good  supply  of 
produce,  and  a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the  following 
prices  : — Cabbages,  31'.  to  5^.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  31.  to 
7s.  6d.  do, ;  red  Cabbage,  3J".  to  5^,  do.;  greens,  2s.  6d. 
to  4j.  per  dozen  ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  6d.  to  21.  do.  ; 
Mangels,  r/s.  to  20^.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  20;.  to  25J.  do.; 
Turnips,  351.  to  60s.  do.;  Carrots,  cattle  feeding,  281. 
to  45^.  do.;  do.,  household,  42^,  6d.  to  50-f.  do.;  Celery, 
6t.  to  12s.  per  dozen  rolls ;  Apples,  2f.  to  6f.  per 
bushel  ;  Spftiach,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  per  sieve  ;  Horse  Radish, 
gs.  to  I2S.  per  dozen  bundles. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Dec.  8. — Supplies 
good,  and  demand  slow,  at  previous  rates  fully  for 
best  samples.  Quotations  : — Regents,  70J.  to  1055.  ; 
Magnum  Bonums,  30J.  to  95J.  ;  Champions,  50J.  to 
601.  ;  German,  50X.  to  Cos.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  9. — There  was  a 
good  trade  at  the  following  quotations  : — Reading  Hero, 
60s.  to  yos.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron.  6o-f.  to  751.  ;  Cham- 
pions, 5or.  to.  601.  ;  Victorias,  50J.  to  60 J.  ;  Regents,  55J. 
to  65^.  ;  and  Magnums,  50^.  to  jos.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  8. — Magnums,  50^.  to  Sos.  ;  Re- 
gents, 60s.  to  80J.  ;  Champions,  455.  to  60s.  ;  Reading 
Hero,  60s.  to  65J.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  6733  bags  from  Hamburg,  54  from  Rotterdam, 
13  from  Ostend,  3  from  St.  Michael's,  905  from  Ghent, 
and  32  cases  from  Antwerp. 


HAY. 

WiUTECHAi'EL  :  Dec.  8  —The  finer  weather  improved 
demand,  and  there  was  rather  more  doing  at  steady 
prices.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  i05-(.  ;  infe- 
rior, 701.  to  85J.  Hay,  prime,  735.  to  88j.  ;  inlenor,  631. 
to  67J.    Straw,  28i.  to  37J.  per  load. 

Dec.  10. — A  moderate  supply  was  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  quiet  except  for  best  hay. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park) :  Dec.  8.— With  favour- 
able weather  trade  slightly  improved  at  following  rates  ; 
— Clover,  best,  90J.  to  loos, ;  second,  70J.  to  goi.  Hay, 
best,  72J.  to  85^-. ;  second,  60s.  to  70X.  Straw,  30X.  lo 
365.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  8. — Clover,  75^.  to  \ios.  ;  meadow 
hay,  60s.  to  90J. ;  and  straw,  28J.  to  36X.  per  load. 


CATTLE, 


Metropolitan  :  Dec.  7.— Prime  qualities  of  cattle, 
which  comprised  but  a  very  moderate  proportion  of  the 
supply,  cleared  readily  at  steady  value,  whilst  middling 
and  plain  descriptions  were  an  exceedingly  difficult  sale, 
and  a  large  part  of  the  supply  was  left  unsold.  .Sheep, 
of  which  th«  supply  was  light,  advanced  -zd.  per  8  lb,, 
and  in  some  cases  more.  The  calf  trade  was  slow,  but 
choice  qualities  nominally  dearer.  Quotations  :— Beasts, 
3r.  8(/.  to  4^.  6d.,  and  4J.  lod.  to  5^.  41/.  ;  calves,  is.  to 
4f.  \od.  ;  sheep,  41.  4*/.  to  4-r.  6d.,  and  45.  10./.  to 
5f.  Zd. ;  pigs,  31.  ^d.  to  4J.  2d. 

Dec.  10. — Trade  was,  on  the  whole,  steady,  but  not 
active.  Prime  beasts  were  in  fair  demand,  and  were 
quite  as  dear,  but  other  sorts  were  weak.  Sheep  w^xc 
dull,  and  previous  prices  were  with  difhculty  maintained. 
Calves  were  quiet,  and  Pigs  radier  dearer. 


COALS. 


The  following  are  the  prices  current  at  market  during 
the  week  : — East  Wylam,  155.  6d.  ;  Ravensworih  West 
Hartley,  14J.  grf.  ;  Walls  End— Tyne  (unscreened), 
1 1  J.  -^d.  ;  Helton,  17^.  and  17J.  6d.  ;  Helton  Lyons, 
i5,r.  and  15^.  6.1'.  ;  Lambton,  i6s.  6d.  and  17J.  ;  Wea, 
15^.  and  15^.  6d.  ;  East  Hartlepool,  i6.t.  yi.  ;  South 
Hartlepool,  155.  grf.  ;  Tees,  its.  and  17J.  6d.  ;  Haswell, 
\'js.  6d.  ;  Hulam,  15J.  3(/. 


(^ovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and  Thursday,  at  99^  to  99J  for 
delivery,  and  99I  to  99I  for  the  account.  These  quotai 
tions  are  ex  div. 


764 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  18 


T-iir-      r\r\\    r\\\\h\     w^^   Original   and    only    Genuine 
THE      UULUNIALI         Irentham  Riveted  Boiler. 


MANURE. 


Utieqitalledfor  Excellence  of  Qiiahly 
and  Prodtictive  Powers. 


d. 

0  each. 
6    „ 
0    „ 

0  per  Bag. 
0       „ 
6       „ 

Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurser>'men  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1 
2 

))  I)        ^ 

Or  in  Bags,  icwt.  12 

„         i    .    20 

1    ,.,    37 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Mitmifacluru 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  snpp/y  the  Jl'ho/esale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATUS 

Most  efficient  and  cluapul  in  cxiUn   e 
Requires  no  sunk   Mck,hole  ;    will  1 
light    w.ihout    aliention;     will    burn 
cnilers  ;    CJ^is  noihioE  fur  fuel  ;    is  a  le 
lixiure  ;     any    one    can    fix    il  ;    a    do, 
servant  Cinsioke  it.    Price  of  Boiler  to  heat    - 

65  feet  4-lnch  Pipe  . .  £2  10s 

110  feet  4-incti  Pipe   ..  £3  163 

200  feet  4-lncn  Pipe    . .  £5  7b  6d 

Complete  Apparatus,  with  2  row3  of 

4-mcli  Pipe,  from  £4  12; 


Kecently  Improved  and  Keduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


The 


appji 


Kumbc.s  in  use  a'l 
part  icul.ir<  and  price*;  ( 
post-ltre   Tl  e  only  sL 
ofihek.nl. 
Bcivare  of  incolnfi'ete  iiie/Tcirnt  d//. 
which  win  not  last  alt  ni^hi. 


Ttitimeni.ll 

■■Ihavesiv 

your  Slow  Coi 


unt.y      Full 
3n  apparat 


good    trial    dui  - 
and  it  has  done 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  -^e^^criptinn   for  Heatinp  Apparatus. 
THE     I  XROF^T    «;r('(K    IV    THE    KlNCrOM 


Chtitnuts,     Fg-  I     \w  II  J- — .^1 ;■ 

CROMPrON  &  FAWKES.    Chelmsford. 

S    T    O    V    E    S. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &o. 
Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
irf.,    without    atlenlion.       Pdmphlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's— 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
113,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 


HIGH   and  LOW  PRESSURE  and  HOT-AIR  HEATING 
APPARATUS  ERECTED  and  GUARANTEED. 

FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle.  Staffordshire. 


ALL    AGREE 

THE     "RED     ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powerful 

heating  Boiler  yet  introduced. 

Awards  :- 

Iiilernati  nal  E.Vnibi  im,  London-Silver  Medal. 
Nortliumbe.land  .Agric.ikural-Hlver  Medal- 
NewcaMle-uooii-T,  i.e  Hoticulmral- Very  Highly  Commended. 
Rojal  Caledonia),  Edinburgh— Unanimou.lv  Commendcl. 

Tin  follnving   Ctntttmtn.    Xurserym  n.   aitd    Hot  water 
Engtnetn  hav!  atrady  kintltiy  konourei  with  thfir  app'icia- 
tion  and  con/idtnce  by  orjrrtng  the  "  Rid  Ro^e."  several  of 
wttom  tutve  also  /or  warded  most  z'a/tttble  teslimonials  :  — 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esa  ,  Kiromel  Park    Abergele.  N,W. 
R.   C.  (.;1.EkHAN,  Esq,    Biriley  Wh.te    Hou  e,   Chester-le- 

Street. 
J.  JONAH  .v.MITH,  Esq.,  Ash  Lodge,  Wato-d    Herts. 
Rfv.  R.  D   SH4FTOE.  The  Vicarage   liransi  e  h. 
ED*D  WII  LIAMS,  E-q  .Cleveland  l.f  dee.  Midd  esborough 
Tie  TKUSIEES,  Wtsleyan  Chare',  Chaste..  e-=t.e.  t. 

On  account  of  ihe  great  success  achi.ved  at  the  We>lejaa 
Chapel  ihe  Primhive  MeihodiMs  h^e  also  deciced  to  o.d  :r  the 
'  Red  Rose  "  f..-t  the.r  new  chapel. 

Mesif.  T.  H.XRKNFS-;  ANO  SuN.  Leemirg,  V.  ikshre. 

,,  lOHN    p.  KMIOHV.  «'iKe  la-npton. 

„  lOH.'^   '1  1;k1  i.K.    Wei  inc.  Kent. 

„  r.  HII.I.IFKS,  W.nchester. 

,  HUGH    MUNRO  .\.SD  >O.V.  Lame^Uv.  Co    Dii  h.m. 

„  A.  niCK-OM    ANP   SONS,  Newtora.ds  I.e'an  '. 

,.  K    P.   Pi.U-'TlE.  Bridgenl  Al'an.  N.IJ. 

,  G.  lAlRB^IKV.  Rot.;-e  bv.  Car  i-l-. 

,,  WILLIAM    HANDY-illlES.  Newc*  I'-.n.Tyre. 

,.  K.  W    CANI  1  LI  O,  fandown,  I.leo    W  i,;ht. 

,,  I    B    WAl  KER.  Tav;  t  ck. 

For  p-.rticulars  app'y 
JOSEPH    WirHEKSPOON'. 

RED    ROSE    VINERIE5,    CHES 1  EK-LE-sTREE'. 
P  S.  — French  and  G-rrnji  Patents  f.r  S  .le. 

ESP.ALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLAiS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELHSES-FERV  WALL  TRELLIS-WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS-TRFLLISED  ARCADES 
-ROSERIES-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCtS- 
RARBIT-  PROOF  FENCING  -  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCIN'G,  fie. 

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL    IROX  ANU   WIRE    WORKS, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street.  Chelsea.  SW. 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO, 


(L. 


Have  airach-d  to  their  extensive  W3iks  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  late  t  and  most  improved 

Machinery,  for  the  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatories, 
Greenhouse?,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 


■^efy 


irde. 


DEANE    &    CO;S 
RANGE  OF  HOUSES. 


Peach  housi 


free. 


centre    part    projecrint 

angel"  of  "Housesr?nclu"rng''co  1- 
ericF,  i^c  ,  piepared  and  furnished 


ESTIM  ATES.-The  prices  given  are  for  ERECTING  COM- 
PLETE, by  our  own  men.  within  ts  miles  of  London  Bridge, 
including  building  dwarf  wall.  2  ft.  high,  in  9  in.  brickwork,  at 
front  and  enr  s.  two  d  visions  on  4j4iri.  brickwork,  and  erccui'g, 
paintine.  and  glazing  in  the  best  siyle. 

HEATING  APPARATUS  —No  reliable  prir-e  can  be  given 
for  this  cff-hand.  as  the  heat  required  in  ihe  different  divisions 
varies  so  much,  but  estimates  will  be  forwarded  when  informa- 
tion is  obtained  as  to  llie  purpose  for  which  the  various  divisions 
are  to  be  used. 

Widih  of  o  .„ 

Centre  Part. 


54  ft. 
30  ft. 
36  fl. 
45  fr. 
60  fr. 
7J  It. 
84  ft. 
gift. 


Width. 


8  ft. 


rft. 


(.if. 


ESTIMATES 
67  10  FOR 

83  10  HEATING 
o>  o  APPARATUS 
18    o  ON 

35    o  APPLICATION. 


SURVEYS  MADE  IN  ANY  PART  OF  THE  COUNTRY, 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.  Laoies  and  Gentlemen  wailed  upon 
at  theit  Residences,  and  DESIGNS  AND  ESTIMATES  for 
Conservatories.  Greenhouses  and  Horticultural  Huildings  of 
every  description  PREPARED  AND  FURNISHED  FREE. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservarories.  Greenhouset, 
&c.,  with  Prices  for  Erectii  g  and  Healing,  FREE  ON 
APPLICATION. 


DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers, 
^'st'^eer^Ec'"!  LONDON  BRIDGE. 
BOULTON    &^PAUL.     NORWICH. 

GREENHOUSES.    GARDEN    FBABTES. 


%'IASSHeHS'ES&»EAT-mG; 


-B.W.mOc^i^HI^ST 


RICHARDSON'S 


Full  piiticulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


HORTICULTURAL 
j^..^^  BUILDINGS 

jT'^-v^^  F'aed  in  any  part  of  the 

^^./"(^^[■^^^^  Kingdom  with  llot-water 

^O^v4  ;^^^^\^  Apparatus  complete. 

Numerous  Medals/~\^0)lP^"^^     CATALOGUK 

NORTH  OF  ENGLAND    ^""^^^     rw"^     ^" 

HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  ^\5^ 

DARLINGTON 


D.c.„.„  „.  issio  THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  765 


SPECIAL       NOTICE. 


THE 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY    2,    1886, 


WILL   CONTAIN    A    BEAUTIFULLY 


(18  inches    by    13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL       DESIGN. 


PRICE     FIVEPENCE  ;       POST-FREE,      FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ; 

OR   Willi 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED     ON     OAK     ROLLERS, 

READY   TO    HE    HUNG    UP,    AND    ENCLOSED    IN   CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 

TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

The    Publisher    cannot    be    responsible   for    injury    to    the    Almanac    unless    it    is   so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS.  -^ISfi 

As   a    large   Extra   Sale   of  this   N^imber   is  guaranteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  medium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOR    SPACE    SHOULD    BE    SENT    IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE, 


W.    EICHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STEEET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


766 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[December  12,  18 


THE  GARDENERS^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Line  charged  i 


4  Lines. ..^o 

6  „     ...  o 

6  „     ...  o 

7  „     ...  o 

8  o 

9  „     ...  o 

10  o 

11  „     ...  o 

12  „    ...  o 

13  o 

14 


3  o 

3  6 

4  o 

4  6 

5  6 

6  o 

6  6 

7  o 

7  6 

8  o 


15  Lines. ..^o     8     6 


.     O    II 

.012 
.  o  12 
.  o  13 
.    o   13 

,  SIXPENCB    FOR  EVBRV  ADDITIONAL   LINK. 

If  set  across  columns,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  301. 

Page  A9    °    ° 

Half  Page 500 

Column        3     5     0 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


9 

o    9 
o   10 


10    6 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

25  words   li.  6./.,  and  6</-   for  every  additional  line 
[about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  hai'ir.g  Letters  tiddresstd  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
uU  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authrndties  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Mahkiages,  5J.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  tor  the  current  week   MUST  reach  tht  Office 

iy  Thursday  noon 

AH  Subacrlptlon3  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  ;   12  Months.  ^1  3a.  lOd. 

6  Months.  118.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6S. 

Foreign   (exceptine    India   and    China);    includinz    Postage, 

£1  6S    lor  12  Months;    India  and  China.  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be   made  payable   at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 

PrBLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


>  feet  boxes, 


o(    16-OZ.    glass   i] 
and  all   MiiCillaneoii 


21-OZ.   Foreign  of  the  abov 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar   current 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glass 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
S4,  St.  Jolin's  street.  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  EC. 

stock  List  and  Prices  on  a/:^lica!ton.     Quote  Chronicle. 

GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  iW.  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conpervalories,  &c 
PATENT  NON-COISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6rf. 
per  lb.,  or  421.  per  c*t.— B.  LAMB  and  CO.,  Glass,  Lead, 
Paint,  and  Var^i^h  Meichants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun. 
drjmen,  8,  Bucknall  Stieet,  London,  W.C. 


KOBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


•mf.&. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  maleiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  ^ 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ~ 
liAKDENS,  as  th«,y  har- 
bour no  Slu 
take   up   littli 

further    labor 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consi 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS, '&c  , 
very  durable  and  of  superiorfinish,  and  in  great  variety  of  deHi..n! 

F.  ROSHER  and  CO..  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  B'ackfiiars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S  W  ; 
KingsUnd  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEV'S  P.\1ENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

llluilrated  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE  GLAZED  TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 
Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  S:c.  Grooved  and  other  S'aOle 
Paving  of  great  durability,  WallCopings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 
of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 


W.    H     LASCELLES    &    CO, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHILL    ROW     LONDON     EC 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  »  11  give  E  t  n  ates  for 
every  descr  pi  on  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of 
charge   and      nd  competent  assistants  vhen  necessary 

LASCtLLEb  NEW  ROCKWOBK  mater  al  m  vai  ous 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  en  application. 


:j-!*=fi^^«v^ 


'^' 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  wiihout  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  jliould 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted: — 

b  teet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     /a  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         „  4  15     o 

6  feet  long.  5  fecc  wide,  ,,  ,,  „  ^   15     o 

12  feet  lon^,  5  feet  wide,         t,  ,.  _     .1  6  10    o 

'1  he  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


s 


V     E      R  SAND, 

sarse  gram  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Whaif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station,     Samplei  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO. -Addresses  see  above. 

N.B,— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  Uberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUiSULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "  Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  iSi.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  21J   ; 

Galvanised  all  over,  2ir. 

Barrows  forwarded.  Carriage  Paid,  to  aay  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

B8IEB.1.EY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAM. 

^^^    '  GIRDWOob'S       ^^^ 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

DISCOVERY. 

perfectly,    without 

le,  al  such  diseases 

Jnchitis,     Whooping 

Influenza,       Hay- 

:ver,  Diphtheria,  &c. 

23.  3d  per  box, 

th  lull  di 

^oli  by  all  Chemists  and 
Medicine  Vendors, 
t  direct  (where  it 
readily  be  obtained), 
receipt  of  remittance, 
y  part  of  the  world, 
the   who'esale  dep,:,[. 


GOLD    VEDAL    AWARDED 

fru'     I  tonal  Exliibltlon,  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

r  the  r  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENHOUSES. 


T.     WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    E.^STVILLE,    BRI.STOL, 
Agents  Wanted  to  sell  Wood's  Boilers. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERS.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J-  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  archangel  mats  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
\e»is  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAT  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  applicatioo. 

4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  E.C. 

STO N  C L I N TO N^ TRAW  MATS.— The 

Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:- 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2j.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  ar.  id.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  35.  nd.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Asioo  Clinton.  T.lng.  Buckn. 

T^USSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 

i~\l     Berore    Buying,     write    for    JAS.    T.    ANDERSON'S 

Catalogue,  which  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  applit 

Registered  Telegraphic  Addri 

Russia  Mat  and  RafBa  Mercbants. 

MATS    and    RAFFIA   FIBRE    supplied  at 
loweroriceslhari  any  other  house.  The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.      For  Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 

MARENDAZ  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  9,  James  Street, 
Coveut  Garden,  W  C. 

OR  SALE,  24-inch  Gold  Medal  BOILER, 

rem.ivcd  from  being  tjo  powerful  :  in  capital  condition  ; 
also  set  of  Furnace  Fittings  for  same.     Price  £i 

G.  ALLAN,  Poole  Road,  Wimborne. 

E      P      P      S   '   S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

{IFISH    a7td   score//). 
"Jury  "  Whiskey.  5  years  old,  3J.  6./  bonle;  425.  dozen. 
"  Special  Jury"  whiskey,  7  ye^ri  ell.  4s.  bolcle  ;  48-.  dozen. 
■Grand   Jury"  Whiskey  |;3  V--]d,  sr- bottle  ;    6o..d„z. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  ihe  excellence  of  hU  Whiskeys  ihat 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  li  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  [  art  of  the  United  Kinpdnm  upcn  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALESJ\DVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  .— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 
SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 

BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 
RECORD  01  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 
CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 
THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  and  engraved 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.     (Original  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE,  P.\STORAL,  HORTICULTURF.. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 


THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSE.MENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HO.ME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonics,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  in  Advance,  £1  63.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6d.  ;  Stamped,  jd. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wale 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  .Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  tor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Slreet  &  Co.,  30,  Comhill,  E.C 

Mr.   F.  Algar.  8,  Clement's  Lane,    Lombard 


Street,  E.C. 


Me 


Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son.  iS6,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal     In 

Buildings. 

M.\NrHESTER..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 
Edinburgh..  ..  Robertson  &  Scott.  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.   Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^g"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  filea  at  the 
'ibo'i'e  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


December  12,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


767 


Price  Five  Shillings. 

THE  GOLDEN   GATE 
S I  LVE  RASTERS, 

Bits   of  Tinsel   Round  About, 

prosy.ver?;ev-medley  for  young 
people  of  all  ages. 

By     SHIRLEY     HIBBERD. 

LONDON; 

E.  W.  ALLEN,  4,  AVE  MARIA  LANE. 


Now  Eeady, 

THE  GARDEN  ANNUAL  for  1885. 
C  ntain*  a  Oiniplete  List  of  over  7  03  Country  Seals, 
Occupier  .  .11  d  Gardeners  in  the  United  Kingdom  :  a  number 
of  Nea^  N.im:s  have  been  added  to  ihe  Gardeners'  Li^l  during 
the  past  S-3S  ir.  'I'here  is  also  the  best  Trade  List  published, 
corrected  it  .l^te      Puce  tx.,  by  post  is.  yi. 

Of  all  Nurserymen,  RvtcscUers,  and  at  37,  Southampton 
Street,  StraiH.  I  o,  dm.  W.C. 

REVUE  dc  I'HOkllLULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRVMI'.KRE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticullural 
Review) — 12th  y  .tr — Among  the  principal  Contributors  nre  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  A  id  re,  C.  Kaltet,  F.  iiutvenich.  F.  Crcpin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Uenterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M,  C. 
longkindtConin  ■'<,  J.  Kickx-,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pv  men.  E.  Rodigas.  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H,  J.  %an  H.ille,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  \Volk.-nsic.n. 

This  illustrate  1  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  ot  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pag : :,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

1'erms  of  Subs:riplion  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
145..  payable  in  a  Ivance. 

Publishing  Offi.e:  1^4,  Rue  de  Bnixelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-osg  ce  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAER  1", 
Ghent. 

Farms,  EbtateF,  Residences 

Any  one  desirois  of  Reniing  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasin:  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  fre  ■  fi>r  s«x  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  r  qtiired,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamp  for  postage,  addressed  " MidlattdCoutitits 
Herald  Office,  Birm  ngham."  The  Midland  Counties  Heruld 
always  contains  lar^c  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
larms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


B 


Belgian. 
ULLETIN     d'ARBORICULTURE, 

de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  .\  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.     Published  since  1865,  by  F    BunVF. 

F.  Pavnaert.  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
:  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 


Profesi 

ment  at  Ghent.     Post-paid, 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Ho 


ileal  Gardens,  Ghei 


,  Belgii 


WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 


SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Cuhure  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
Eicplan.ilion  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  25J. 

BOTANY  for  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Ma.xweli.  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany,  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  Illustralions.     Price  3^.  6<f. 


INDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 

'    A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
With  400  Illustrations.     8vo.  cloth.     Price  51.  W. 


T  INDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 

.LJ  With  Illustrations.     Svo,  cloth.     Price  c,s. 

L INDLEY'S  MEDICAL  and  CECONOMI- 
CAL    BOTANY.      With   numerous   Illustrations.   Svo, 
cloth.     Price  5J. 

L INDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 
For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use   of  Schools.      Price 


w 


r/ii, 


Partner.  Active  or  Sleeping. 
ANTED   (;^ioco   to    ;Ci25o),   in   an  old- 

est.nlili>hed  ^luISery  and  Floiist  Business,  und  to  intro- 
ihe    Horticultural  Auctioneering,    Valuing.    &C.,    and    to 
emises   near   London. -C.    L).   X  ,    Cttrdmers' 
■cle  Office,  41.  Wellineton  Street.  Strand,  W  C 

WANTED,  after  Christmas,  in  suburb  of 
London,  a  MAN  and  WIFE,  without  encumbrance. 
Man  as  Sine'c-handed  Gardener,  with  care  of  Cow  ;  Wile  to 
undertake  fami'y  Washing.  To  live  in  cottage  on  premises. 
Good  wages  to  competent  persons.— Address  by  letter,  M.  A.  B., 
care  of  May's.  15,],  Piccadilly,  W. 

Fnilt  Foreman. 

WILLIAM  PAUL  AND  SON  are  in  WANT 
of  a  thoroughly  practical  MAN,  who  can  give  good 
references  as  to  character  and  ability  to  Grow  Fruit  Trees  for 
sale. -Apply  by  letter  to  WM.  PAUL  and  SON,  Waliham 
Cross,  Herts. 


WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 
practical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  understands 
Maiket  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Woik.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  references  requited  — Apply  in  the  first  inslance,  stat- 
ing age,  experience,    sajary,   and  full   particulars,  to  W.  J.JS., 


Hursts  Son.  Seed  Mt 


rs?,  Houndsditch.  E. 


Nursery  Foreman  Wanted 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN.— 
Must  be  an  expert  Budder  and  Grafter  of  Roses, 
Clematis,  &c.,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Fruit  Trees,  Ever- 
greens, &c.  Liberal  uages  offered  to  a  suitable  man. — Ap^ly, 
staling  age,  reference,  &c.,  to  W.  HALSTEAD,  Nurseryman, 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  good  practical 
General  PROPAG.\TOR,  ana  also  a  young  MAN  for 
our  Hardwood  and  Stove  Department  :  married  men  preferred. 
— Apply  in  own  handwriting,  with  full  particulars  where  la-t 
and  previously  employed.- H.  CANNELL  and  SONS, 
Swanley.  Kent. 

ANTED,  a  PROPAGATOR,  accustomed 

to  Sfopagate  Bouvaidias,  Dahlias,  all  kinds  of  Soft- 
wooded  Plants,  and  Greenhouse  Plants  generally.  Every 
encouragement  given  to  a  thoroughly  practical  man.— Apply  by 
letter,  stating  age  and  where  last  employed,  to  NURSERY- 
MAN, Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsdilch,  London,  £. 


Rose  Grower. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATEDY,athoroughIy 
experienced  MAN.  to  Grow  Roses  Indoor  and  Out. 
Good  character  iudi-p;nsable.-KEYNES,  WILLIAMS  and 
CO.,  Salisbury. 

ANTED,  an  ASSISTANT,  in  the  Retail 

StcJ  Trade  in  a  Provincial  House.  Must  thoioughly 
undtrstand  the  busilie^s.  One  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Plants 
preferred.— Apply,  staling  age,  experience,  and  wages  xk  quired, 
also  encloje  copies  of  testimonials  from  last  employers,  lo 
SEEDSMb-N,  Messrs.  Nutting  &  Sons,  io6,  Southwark 
Street,  London,  S.E. 

WANTED,  in  a  Wholesale  House,  a  young 
man,  as  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN.  Must  Wriie  a 
gooi  Plain  Hand,  and  be  used  to  Parcelling. — Apply,  by  leittr 
only,  addressed  ASSISTANT.  Mr.  Alfred  Legerton.  Seed 
Merchant,  5,  Aldgate,  London.  E.C 


WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN. 
Must  be  quick  at  Counter  Work  — Apply,  statin*  age, 
experience,  and  saL^ry.  to  JAMES  CUTHBERT,  Clayton 
Square,  Liverpojl, 


WANX^LACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  ami  Others. — //  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  he 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  and  sajest  means  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

U  C  O  T  C^IT  GARDE  N*E^^^. 
O  -John  Downib,  Seedsman,  t4j.  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh,  has  at  present  on  his  Li>t  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  fuil  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


'^PO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

X      MclNiVRB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and   Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


DICHARD     SMITH     AND     CO. 

-*-^  beg  to  announce  that  they  aie  constantly  receiving 
appHcaiions  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  wiil  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

XrDENER    (Head).— a  Gentlema^ 

wishes  to  recommer.d  his  Head  Gardener  to  any  one 
requiring  a  thoroughly  praciical  man  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fesiioD.  Understands  Land  and  Stock. — A.  B.,  Mr.  WoodrutTe, 
News  A^ent,  Ewell,  Surrey. 

ARDENEK  (Head)  ;  age  30.— Mr.  McKay, 

GirJener,  Maristow.  Roborough.  S,  Devon,  can  with 
confideLce  recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  Gaidener.  Good 
knowledge  of  Orchids.     Been  here  (or  two  years. 


GARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  man.  —  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  e3t.h  branch  of  the  profession.  Three  years 
Foremin  in  pre-ent  situation.  Can  be  highly  recommended 
from  ihe  same.-F.  CLATWORTHY,  The  Gardens.  Ruffoid 
Abbey,  Ollerton,  Notts. 

A  R  D  E  N  E  R  (Head)  ;    age  30.— JO?iN 

Kettle,  for  the  last  two  ye«s  Gardener  to  Lady  Scolf, 
The  Hurst,  Walt<  non-Thames,  will  he  pleased  to  treat  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  good  piactical 
Gardener.  Wdl  up  in  Gardening  in  all  its  various  branches.— 
3,  Percy  Cottager,  Walton- on- Thames. 


G 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26, 
married ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines.  Peaches, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good 
references.  Abstainer.  — F.  T.  G.,  5,  Dyer's  Lane,  Richmond 
Koad.  Putney.  Surrey. 

G\  A  R  D  E  N  E  R  (Head  Working).  — 
*  C.  W.  Cook,  Rendcomb  Park  Gardens,  Cirencester, 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly  industrious 
energetic  efticient  albround  Gaidener. — Apply  as  above. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working),     where 

others  aie  kept ;  age  27,  single  at  present. — A  Gentle- 
man wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener  as  above.  Well  up  in 
Vines.  Melons,  Cucumber., ,<tc.  Previously  Second  with  a  Noble- 
man.-C.  A.,  16,  Birkbeck  Place,  West  Dulwich,  London,  S.E. 

C ^ARDENER. — Age  35,  married,  no  family  ; 
^  thoioughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Total  abstainer. 
Highest  testimonials  from  his  employers.— Apply  either  to  the 
Hon.  H.  W.  FITZWILLIAM,  or  to  J.  BENNETT.  The 
Lodge,  Malton,  Yoikshire. 

FOREMAN  (Inside),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.— .Age  25  :  two  years  Foreman  in  present  situation. 
Can  be  recommended  by  present  and  previous  employers. — 
E.  J.  SMITH,  Caldecote  Gardens,  Nuneaton. 

FOREMAN,' or  first-class  JOURNEYMAN. 
—Age  22  ;  well  up  in  Fruit  Department  (luside  and  Out), 
and  General  Gardening  ;  eight  years' expeiience.  Can  be  wel 
recommended.— CHARLES  PRIOR,  Piiddletown,  Dorchester 

URSEKY  FOREMAN,  married.— Wanted 

by  a  young  man  a  situation  as  above.  Well  up  in  all 
branches.     Sixteen  years  in  the  trade.- F.  F.,  St.  John's  Hill, 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR. — Twelve  years'   experience 
in  the  Propagation  of  CUmatis,  Koses,  Rhododendions, 
&c.— W.  li.fflBAGE,  American  Nursery,  Bagshot. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.— Age  26"; 
Pot  Plants,  Bloom,  Sic.  :  knowledge  of  other  Dranches. 
Good  references.  Could  Manage  Small  Nursery  or  Indoor 
Department.— G.  P.,  Marchwooo,  Southampton. 

J "OURNEYMAN.  — Married,  with' family. 
Has  had  fifteen  years'  experience  in  Budding  and  Grafting 
Roses,  Clematis,  Conifers,  Fru.t  and  other  Trees  ;  Packing  and 
general  Nursery  Work.  Honest,  sober,  and  industrious. — 
E.  P.  G.,  Messis.  Ewing  &  Co.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant, 
Hants. 

MANAGER,  or  SHOP.MAN.  — Married  ; 
ffieen  >  ears'  practical  experience  in  the  Wholesale 
and  Retail  Trade.  First-class  references. —  B.  C. ,  Gardeners' 
Cluoid^ett  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C 

Seed  Trade 

SHOPMAN. —  Twelve   years'  experience   in 
every  department.      Good  references. — J.  C,  z,  Mexton 
Street.  Giimsbury,  Banbury. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  27  ;   good   knowledge   of 
the  Trade  in  all  its  branches.     Undeistands  Book-keep- 
ing.      Firsl-class   relerences.  —  T.     S  .    Gardeners'    Chronicle 
We  Imglon  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Offi. 


SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Elevenyears' 
experience.  Thoroughly  up  in  all  departments  of  the 
Trade,  Field  and  Garden  Seeds.  Bulbs,  Implements.  &c.  Fair 
knowledge  of  Plants. -A.  B..  I2(,  Holland  Stieet,  Glasgow. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant).— Age  24  ;  Scotch. 
Eight  years'  experience.  Tliorough  knowledge  of  the 
Trade.  First.cliss  references.— SEEDSMAN,  25,  St.  Patrick's 
Road.  Drumcondra,  Dublin. 

frVRAVELLER,      HEAD     SHOPMAN,     or 

-1-       BOOK-KEEPER.— Thirty    year.'    experience  in    every 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

CLERK  (CORRESPONDING  or  General). — 
Six    years'    experience.      Good  reference.- C.  A,,     Mr. 
Alex.  Caruth.  Grosveoor  Street,  Bridge  Streel,  Chester. 

Seed  Trade. 
A  SSISTANT. — Five  years'  good  experience. 

iA.  Highest  references  -W.  BRUCE,  Nursery  Cottage, 
Green  Lane,  Old  Swan,  Livirpool. 

M10  THE   SEED  TRADE.— A  young   man 

-L  (.ige  2j)  requires  a  situation  in  the  Seed  Trade.  Four 
years'  experie'nce  in  firit. class  firms.  Has  been  twelve  months 
in  England,  at  John  Laing  5:  Co  's.  with  whom  he  is  at  present. 
Good  relciences.- E.  RO.MAIN,  9.  Lo<ver  Winchester  Road, 
Catford.  L<  ndon.  S  E. 

O  THE  SEED  TRADE.— Situation  desired 

by  an  intelligent  young  Man  (age  21)  where  a  thorough 
knowledge  could  be  obtained.  1  hree  years'  experience  in  Office 
Woik.  two  of  which  in  a  prominent  London  Nursery  and  Seed 
Establi^hmenf.  Moderate  salary.  First-class  references. — 
MVOSOi'l-;,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Welluigton 
Street,  ttrand,  W.C. 

S^  ifUATION  REQUIRED  by  young  man 
(age  26) ;  eleven  years'  experience.  First-class  relerences, 
-R  M..  Ga>d'-ner£  Chroniclt  Office,  41,  WeUington  Street, 
Gttand.  London.  W.C. 

OLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTand  FILL?.— 

Colds,  Coughs,  Shortness  of  Brcaih.-These  maladies 
require  early  and  unremiiiing  attention,  for  if  neglecttd  they 
often  end  in  Asihma,  Bronchuis,  or  Consumption.  The  O.nt- 
ment  well  rubbed  upon  the  chest  and  back,  penetrating  the 
skin,  is  absorbed  and  carried  directly  to  the  lungs,  whence  it 
expels  all  impurities.  All  the  blood  in  the  body  is  p-rrpetua!ly 
passing  through  the  lungs,  and  there  all  noxious  particles  tend- 
ing to  disease  can  be  quickly,  thoroughly,  and  permanently 
neutralised,  rendered  harmless,  or  ejected  from  the  system. 
Holloway's  Ointment  and  Pills  perfectly  accomplish  this  purifi- 
cation ;  and  through  the  blood  thus  cleansed,  the  influence  of 
these  wonderfnl  medicaments  reaches  the  remotest  parts  of  the 
human   body,   and    thus  cures    all    diseased    action,    whether 


:rnal  c 


nal. 


768 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  12,  18 


CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 


THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

^^^^         UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATEE,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Ilhtstrated  CA  TA LOG UE,  1 5 th  Edition, price  i s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO. 


^ 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    AND    HOT-WATER     HEATING     ENGINEERS, 

STANLEY    BRIDGE.     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Gantlemea  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 


DARLINGTON 
DRESS 


Established?^ 


n  11 M"'.  10  u  !!><■■/■ 

rable  either  way  o(  ihe 
ci&th,  and  are  warranted  to  uearaud  always  lock  well  : 

OUR  GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,   from  Is.  11</.  to  3i. 
per  yard  ; 

MERINOES,  from  2<.  to  Zs   M.  per  yard  : 

OTTOMANS,  frcm  Is.  to  3r.  per  >ard  ; 

COSTUME  CLOTHS,  from  2i.  to  4i.  per  jard; 

CORDS,  from  6^.  to  Ij.  6  /.  per  yard 

All  the  above  are  PLAIN  aud  COLOURED. 


Ladie! 
World,  1 
Illi.straled  Citcula 
United  Kingdom. 


iled  • 


end  for  Pattert 
mediate'yr.c.i 
■FREE.    Porcha 


nplel 


GOLD    MEDAL 
FABRICS.       [... 


OUR  OCEAN,   CANVAS,   and   BASKET   CLOTHS,  Plain 

and  Figured,  at  lOJ^r/.  per  yard  ; 
NUNS'  VEILINGS.  Plain  and  Figured,  from  ZMd.  to  10^"/. 

SOLEILS,  Plain  and   Figured,    rem  ll.  itl.  to  3j.  per  yard. 

The  LARGEST  :>nd  CHOICEST  Stotk  (to  select  from)  in 
England  of  bon.'t  Jide  heme  manufactured  goods,  held  by  the 
actual  Manufacturers 

ANY  QUANTITV  CUT,  at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

OUR  MANUFACTURES  have  had  133  years'  REPUTA- 
TION, have  CAINB..  f].x  Pfixs  Medals,  and  are  made  from 
iKe  SAME  YARNS  as  goods  >uppl.ed  to  H  K.H.  the 
PRINCESS  of  WALES.  They  are  the  best  made.  icoo 
people  are  engaged  in  their  production,  from  the  iheep's 
back  to  tint  ol  the  wearer. 


HENRY    PEASE    AND 

Sole  Spinners  and  IVIanufacturers, 


COMPANY'S  SUCCESSORS, 

The  Mills,  DARLINGTON. 


GARDENERS  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 

From  .  j  To 

^_  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please     send    me 


1885. 

_  Motil/is, 


"The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for  .       - 

commencino ,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0.    _        __. 

■jf^<ss^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct   from  this   Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

jfc:^  THE     UNITED     KINGDOM  :—  12  Months,  l\    v.  \od.\    6  Months,   \\s.  \\d.\    3  Months,  6^.;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN   SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £\  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1   Ss.  ^d. 

P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  No.  42,  London,   to   W.   RICHARDS.     !_  "g:Z~ 

Cheques  should  he  crossed  "  DRU.\fMOND." 


Dec.  12.  18SS. 


Editorial  Commu,iicatinns  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor  ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher  "  at  the  Office,  it,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

Pnnted  by  WiLLtAM  RtcHARDs,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whltefriars,  City  of  'London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 

,  WeUington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  December  13,  1885. 

Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  MsNZlBS  &  Co.,  Edinbtirgh  and  Glasgoir. 


Ihe  said  William  Richards,  at  the  Offii 

Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hkvwood. 


THE 


CHRONICLE. 


CstatjlisfeeD  1841. 


No.  625.— Vol.  XXIV.{s^R'rJ    SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  19,  1885. 


(Registered  at  tha  General  ?       Price  6d, 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jposT-FREE,  $\d. 


Alio' 


CONTENTS. 


Ap  spory  ill  Ferns 
Kerry  bearing  plants      . . 

Brounsmith's  Boy      .. 

T!^c    Orchid    G.ower's 
M.-iiiii.il 
I^otanical  Magazine 
Chriitiiias  plants . . 
Covciu  Garden    .. 
Cyrtsnthus  hybridus 
iJaflTodil,  white  Ho  p-pet- 


F.rneries  ..        ..         .. 

Ferns,  proliferation  in    .. 
Florists'     and    fruiterers' 

Christmas  supplies 
Florists'  Howers   , . 
F  ower  garden,  tlie 
Forestry     . .  ., 

Fruit  trees,  pruning  and 

planting 
Fruits  under  gl.ss 


HouUetias,  th= 


directorate  ot 
Nerine,  a  syn  psis  of  the 
specits  and  hybrids  of 
New  Zealand,  the  north- 
west of  

Nu  sery,  the  Billing  Road 

Odontoglossum    crlspum 
Orchid  notes 
Past  season,  the   .. 
Pear  Conlcrence,  the     . . 

„     Gllrgil         .. 
Pinus  tubercidita 


Pea  s 


Oriental,  tree,  the 
Plant  p:rtraits 
Potatos     coloured      arii- 
fLially    ..  ..  .. 

Poinseilias,  bracts  falling 

QuVk" 


:  stoclss  for 


Edinburgh  Bot: 
Trte  Carnations  . 
Trees  and.  Shrubs 


ILLUSTHATIONSr 


IMPORTANT    NOTICE. 


TO      ADVERTISERS. 


/«  conseqvertce  of  Ike  Ch'isliiias  Holidays, 
the  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  fo} 
next  Saturday,  Deeemher  26,  "will  be  pub- 
lished on  Thursday  the  i\th  inst.  at  2  p.m. 
Adi'iertisements  for  that  Number  must  reach 
the  Office  not  later  than  WEDNESDAY 
morninff,  the  22d  inst. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Re;;istercd  Ad- 
dress/or Foreign  and  Inland  Telearams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'    CIIRONICLF, 

particula!  ly  in  Scotiaiui  and  Ireland,  'who 
experience  any  diffiailty  in  obtaining  their 
Copies  regularly,  are  requaled  to  communi- 
cate with  the  Publisher, 

IV.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


T 


HE 


CA RDENERS'   CHRONICL E 

IM  AMERICA, 
iption  to  Ameiica,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 


The  Snbscri 
Twelve  Monil 

Agent  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROP,  8r4.  Chestnut  St: 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  si 


PORTSMOUTH  CHRYSANTHEMUM, 
FRUir  and  FLOWER  SHOW. 
The  Comraillee  have  decided  to  hold  the  next  Show  on 
THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  November  11  and  12,  1886.  In 
addition  to  nearly  ONE  HUNDRED  POUNDS  in  MONEY 
PRIZES,  it  is  proposed  to  offer  for  competilian  a  SILVER 
CUP,  value  l^s,  for  Thurty-six  Cut  Blooms. 

F.  POWER,  Hon.  Sec. 


yj     LIST 

GARDEN 

and 

FLOWER 

SEED 

Sfor 

885  hav 

f  no 

IV  been  Posted 

PIS 

snd  should 

It  have 

lerp 

ived 

them,  th 

y  »ill 

by 

writing  u^, 

andCc 

[iessha 

1  be 

;it  0 

ace  sent. 

HURST  AN 

D  SON, 

152 

Ho 

ndsditch. 

Londo 

1,  K. 

Now  Ready, 

THE  GARDKN  ANNUAL  for  18S5. 
Contains  a  Complete  List  cf  over  7  00  Country  Seats, 
Occupiers,  ai.d  Gardeners  in  the  United  Kingdom  ;  a  uumber 
of  Ne*  Names  have  been  added  to  the  Gaideners*  List  dyrirg 
the  past  season.  There  is  also  the  best  Trade  List  published, 
corrected  to  date.     Piice  ir.,  by  post  is.  yi. 

Of  all    Nurserymen,    Booksellers,   and   at    37,    Southampton 
Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


NOTICE.  —  The     GARDENERS'     CHRO- 
NICLE for  next  week,  DECEMBER  26, 
•will   contain   a   Full  Page  Ink-photo    of 
'^WROXTON     ABBEY," 
■  the  Scat  of  Lord  North. 
To  the  Trade. 

NUTTING  AND  SONS'  Wholesale 
CATALOGUE  of  Garden  acd  Flower  Seeds,  conlain- 
ing  Lilts  of  Novelties  for  itSi,  has  been  Posted  to  all  their 
Customers-  If  not  duly  received,  please  inform  them,  and 
another  shal  be  sent.  io5.  ^outhwatk  Ft.eet,  London.  -S  E. 
Registered  Tehgraphic  Address— "  NU LTING,  LONDON." 

L ILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grownj. 
Very  Grand  Bulbs,  ijr.,  2<r.,  and  361.  per  dozen. 
Extra  Varieties,  3S.  td.,  31.  bd.,  and  sr.  each. 
Rare  Indian  LILI ES,  VVALLICHIANUM,  NEILGHER- 
RENSE,  and   the  rare   POLYPHYLLUM.      LILIES    and 
BULBS  of  all  kinds. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

Nymphsa  alba  rosea ! 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs 
•       to    offer     strong    i-vear   Seedlings  of    this   beautilul 
Hardy  Rose  coloured  WATER-LI  I.Y.     Price  on  applicatioa. 
Dedemsvaart,  near  Zwo  le,  Netherlands. 

LARCH,  i-yr.  i-yr.,  5^.  G;/.  ;  I  to  ij  foot,  io.r. 
(id.  ;  \%  t02  feet,  i6r.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  sor.  :  3  to  4  feet,  251.  ; 
4  to  s  feet,  325.  bd".  p:r  icoj.     Neit   cash.     Ground  wanted. 
Trade  prices  en  application.    Apply  at  once. 
The  Nurseries.  1- 1  inybyther. 

The  Grand  New  Regal  Pelargonium, 

LEWIS'S  DUCHESS  of  ALBANY.— Good 
P  ants  from  6o's.  1  j.  G/.  each,  three  Plants  for  45.  :  large 
Plants  from  5  irch  pots,  2;.  bj.  each,  three  planti  f  jr  6,.  bd.      A 
further  reduce  ion  for  laiger  quant  ties.  Packing  and  carriage  free. 
J.  LEWIS  AND  SO.-J,  Newtown  Nurseries,  Malve.n. 

OSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.— 

50  Choice  Perpe'.uals  for  2\s.  ;  purchaser's  selection  from 


R 


Cash  V 
JAMES  WALTERS,  Rose 


.idtr. 


,  Mount  Radford,  Exeter. 


To  the  Trade 

WAITE,  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 
Geneial  CATALOGUE  to  all  their  Customers.     II  not 
received  another  Copy  will  be  sent  on  appli. 


Southwaik  Sti 


,  London.  S  E. 


Quicks— White  thorn- Quloka. 

WOOD  AND  INGRAM    h.ive  an  extensive 
stock  of  the  above.  2.yr.  tr.insplanted,  which  they  beg 
totffer.  at  )6t\  per  jC(jo      Sample  on  application. 

The  Nur^er.es  Humin^don  N.  B.  Cash  or  reference. 

Q  OU  ELC  H         AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

O  N7orth  Row,  CoventGarden,  London,  W.C,  REQUI  RE  any 
quantity  of  fine  .Muscats,  tor  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  1  omatos.  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers&c. 

Q  O  U  E  L  C  H         aI^d         bar  N  H  A  M, 

O  \  ving  p^rsrnal  attention  to  all  contienmer.ts,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUE  LC  H         AND        BARN  H  AM. 
.•.CLOUNT  SALES  sent  drtly.and 
CHEQUES  firwaided  ivctklv 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABE.LS  supplied. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  «,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C.  aie  opj.i  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  choice  cur  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Miiket  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  M-irket  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers' and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  ab:.ve.     Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

WMr  PER^RY,  Jun  ,  Smithfield  MarkeT, 
Manchi-ter,  is  ptepired  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  lO.M.VTOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c.  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Banker.'  and  Trade  references. 

Notice  to  Senders  of  Choice  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  are  prepared  to 
RECEIVE  ABOVE  GOODS  IN  QUANTITY. 
Baskets.  Boxes,  Labels,  and  instructions  for  packing  sup,  l;ed. 
Account  Sales  daily. 

WISE    AND    RIDES,     Fruit    and    Flower   Salesmen,    Fruit 

Maiket,  and  igi.  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden,  London, W.C. 

Warehouse— 37,  Hart  Street.  W.C. 

ANTED,     GRTeENHOUSE     RHODO- 

DENDRONS— large  phnts.     State  -ize  and  price  to 
E.  COOLING,  M.l;  A^h  Nursery,  Derby. 

W"  ANTED,  GREEN  HOLLIES/to  form 
Hedge,  3  feet  high  ;  gcoi  bushy  plants.  Also  SHRUBS, 
various,  good  sorts,  abcut  3  to  4  feet.  Lowest  ptice  for  cash, 
delivered  at  Ewell  Station,  South- Western  Railway.  Address 
R.  P.  TAVLOR,  Horticultural  Engineer,  3,  Adelaide 
Place,  London  Bridge,  E.C. 


w 


To  the  Trade. 

CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.'S  Wholesale 
Seed  LIST  is  now  ready,    and  will  be  foiwaided  post- 

CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO  ,  Seed  Merchants,  fleaford. 

REAT  CLEARANCE    SALE  of  BULBS 

for  Spring  and  Summer  Flowering. 

Hlaclnlhs,  Tulips.  Crocue,  Snowdrops.  Scillas,  Barr's 
Daffodils,  Polyanthus  Narciss,  Iris,  Gladioli,  &c.  Send  for  our 
Clearance  LIST,  free  in  application. 

BARR  and  SON'S  CLEARANCE  LIST  of  BULBS  free 
on  application. 
BARK  AND  SON,  Kirg  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

U  G*^H^      LOW    "rN  D  '     col 

Offer,  in  power  :— 
BOUVARDIAS,  18s,  per  dozen. 
CYCLAMENS,  i8j..  241.,  301-,  42s.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  HVEMALIS, /;5per  100. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


PlNUSvBOLANDERIL— A  beautiful  hardy 
PINE,  with  colour  and  habit  about  equal  to  insiguis,  and 
s  hardy  as  cur  Scotch  Fir.  12  to  i3  inches,  45. :  i3  to  24  inches, 
i.\  2  to  3  feet.  gr.  per  dozen. 

.K  LIS  r  of  other  haidy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS.  Aberdeen. 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  a  very  fine   Swedish 
HERBAL,  containing  1325  Planf.      Address, 
PHARM.  CAND.  EDW.  SCHAGELIN,  MalmO.  Sweden. 


LILIUM  AURATUM.— Good,  plump,  sound 
Bulbs,  6r  ,  91.,  I2j.,  i8j.,  and  241.  per  dozen;  extra 
strong,  3ar.  and  421.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  Eslablishmeit  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.  W. 

rpELEGRAMS.—  "  PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 

-L  is  Registered  by  and  suffices  for 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  253. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  cnnlains  a  mist  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Barder  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  tljwers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty.four  pages  free. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

ABIES     DOUGLASII     GLAUCAT^Un^ 
doubtedly  one  of  ibe  finest  introductions  of  lite  years, 
being  hardier,  mote  compact,  and  not  apt  to  lose  its  leader  like 
the  cjmmon  Douglasii.     2   to  3  feet,  125.  ;  3  to  4  feet.  i8j.  per 
dozen.     A  LIST  nf  other  hardy  Pines  free  on  application. 
MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Aberdeen. 

OSES — (Dwarf  Gloire  de  Dijon),  exception- 

lly    fine  s.uff,   anJ    cominon    Moss    Ro.e.      Prices    on 


R 


Cedrus  Deodara 

HLANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 
•  in  the  country— fine,  well  grown  Trees,  with  good 
roots,  fion  3  to  13  feet  and  u>.wards,  to  iffsr  cheap.  CATA 
LOOUE  free. 

The  Nurseiies,  Beikliamsteal.  Herts.  

ZALEA  MOLLIS— AZALEA  MOLLIS.— 

A  fcwihrusands  are  still  disposable;  very  fine  plants, 
full  of  buds  S^'i.  per  loo.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRAN  DI  FLORA,  los.  per  loo.  At  the  Ornanienlal  Plait 
Nu.series.- JULES   DE   COCK.  Ghent.  Belgium. 

Roses  -  Roses  -  Rosea. 

WOOD  AND  INGRAM  being  large  Growers 
of  the  above,   beg  to  offer  the  leading   Hybiii    Per- 
petual varieties,  at  the  follo.ving  reduced  prices  for  cash  with 
Older.     Package  fre.-.     Standards,  I2r.  per  dozen,  oor.  pet  ico  : 
D*aifs  (on  Manetti),  bi.  per  dozen.  35s   p:r  lO-'. 
The  Nuraeiies,  Huntingdon. 


The  Pear  Congress. 

PAUL  AND   SON    have    Fruiting    Espalier 
Trees  of  most   of  the  finest  sorts  shown,  and  of  many  of 
the  best  Novelties.     See  the  Tree;. 

The  -Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N. 


LAXTON'S    NEW   FRUITS   and  VEGE- 
TABLES.-Eight  First-class  Certificates  in  i83j-.     Send 
for  particulars  of  New  Pea'.  Beans,  Potatos,  Toniatos,  Apples, 
Strawbeiries,  and  other  good  Novelties  to 
THOMAS  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  B;dlcrJ. 

GRAPE    VINES.— Planting    and     Fruiting 
Canes,  leading  sorts.    Also  STRAWBERRIES  in  60-pots. 
F.  K   KINGHORN.  Nurseryman,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


F 


OR  SALE,  SEAKALE,large  ForcingRoots  ; 

ditto,  plantable.      For  prices,  ^c. ,  apply  to 
E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  Nurseryman.  Plymouth. 


Seed  Potatos. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to 
•  make  Special  ClTo  s  if  their  choice  selected  stocks  of 
SEED  POTATt)S,  corapiising  all  the  best  kinds  in  cultivation. 
Purchasers  of  a  quantity  treated  liberally. 

Seed  tjioviing  Establishment,  Wi>bech. 


770 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Sale  this  Day.  and  Monday  Next. 

DUrCH  BULBS. 

T>vn   final    Sales    of    the    SeasDn.— no>   I-ots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SK  LL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Cenlral  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheaosi.!-.  EC.  this  day  (SATURDAY),  and  also 
on  MONDAY  NEXT,  December  19  and  21,  at  12  o'CIf  ck  pre- 
ci"lyeachdav.  ihousandsof  HVALINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS. NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  lolled 
10  suit  Larae  and  Small  Buyers. 

On  view  mo.i,in2  of  S..1-.  and  C.talngn^s  had. 

Important  Sale  of   Cboloe   Double   Camellias  and 

AZALEA  INDICA,  cimp.ict  plants,  i  to  j"j  feet,  well 
set  with  hliom-bods  ;  40Q  Standard  and  ether  ROSES, 
selected  FRUIT  TREES  hardy  CON  I  EER/E,  SHRUBS, 
and  AMERICAN  PLANTS,  DUTCH  BULBS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  the  above,  at  the  City 
Auction  Rooms  38  and  39  G-acechurch  Sireet,  E.C,  on 
MONDAY.  December  a  I,  at  1 1  o'Clojlt  precisely. 

On  view  the  nioining  of  Sale.    Catalogues  had  at  the  Roomc, 
a  .d  of  the  Auciioneers.  67  and  68,  Chea[side,  E  C. 

Tuesday  Next. 
SPECIAL    SALE    of   ORCHIDS    in    Fiower.   EfTordlne  rn 
e.\cel'ent  oppnrtunity  to   Gentlemen  deirrus  of  furni>h,ng 
ih-ir  Cons-ivatories  f.ir  ihe  ThristraaS  holidays. 

MESSRS  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
wdl  iEIL  by  AUCTION,  at  lb,ir  Ce,.:ral  «a'e 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Chea.;side,  E  C  ,  on  1  UhSDAY  NEXT. 
December  aj.-ai  half-pasl  12  o'Cl  ck  prtcisely.  ab  .ut  100  lots 
of  HRCHIU5  iu  Flower,  from  vdiious  collections,  Amjng  t 
tlicm  wid  be  found  :  — 
Odontoglossum       Alexandra;,  I  Cypripedii 


tiful 


;  II. 
Maulei 


foity- 


Alexand  K       flaveolum,  I  Oncid 

twenty  flowers  Derdrobiums 

Rossii  majus,  upwards  of  |  La:lia  anceps, 

a  hundred  fljwets        1  plants 

„     „     many    fine   varie-     Oncidium  Jonesiinur 
ties  1  /ill  many  oihi 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalog 


had. 


Wednesday  Next. 
IMPORTANX  for  CHRIST.MAS  DECORATION. 
3COJ  LILIUM  AUCATUM,  linusually  fire  bu  bs.  from  Japan  ; 
LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  and  other  Plants  in  Flower;  alvo 
beautifully  grown  FERNS  and  PALM .=,  fr.jm  an  English 
Nursery:  a  consignment  of  CAM  ELLl  AS  and  AZAuE..\S, 
from  Belgium  ;  .oo  Sundard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  a  choice 
assortment  of  Hitdy  Engli-h  grown  LILIES  and  BUL'^S. 
SPIR.1£A3.  Christmas  ROSES,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
DUTi  H  FLOWER  ROOTS,  &:. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
w.U  SELL  the  ab)ve  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Cei  tal 
Sate  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheopiide,  London.  E  C  ,  on  WKll- 
NE4DAY    NEXT,   Decemjer    Ji,  at    half-past    12    o'clock 


pie 


ely. 


On  ^ 


■  of  Sale, 


nd  Catal.-gnes  ha.l. 


M 


Wednesday  Next, -3000  LlUum  auraium. 
ESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

11  include  in  their  SALE  on  WEDNESDAY    NEXT, 
December  jj,  ,  o  unusually  fine   LILIU.M  AURATUM,ju=t 
received  from  lapan  in  splendid  condition. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Monday  Next,— (Siie  No.  ^o^-| ) 

5000  splendid  BULBS  of  LILIUM  AURAIU.VI  from 

Japan,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  3I,  King  Stree', 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  MONDAY  NEXT,  December  31.  at 
h'If-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  an  importation  of  5010  sp'endid 
Bulb;  of  LI  LIU. VI  AURATUM,  just  received  ft., m  Japan,  in 
very  fine  condition,  several  thousand  TIGRIDI A  GRANDI- 
FLORA,  T.  CONCHIELORA.  and  choice  mixed  GLADIOLI 
from  New  Jersey,  10,000  LILY  ol  the  VALLEY  Crowns  f„r 
Fi.ciog,  a  consignment  of  Dwatf  ROSES  Irom  France  ,co 
Roo:s  of  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA,  and  several  bundled,  of 
fi.st-class  DUTCH  BULBS,  Batr's  DAFFODILS,  &c 
Ouview  mo.ning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had 

Wednesday  Next,— (Sale  No.  70,,^ ) 
ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  SHRUfS,  BUI.BS   &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  Kig  Sueet, 
Covent  Garden,  VV.  Con  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  December 
23,  St  har-pa:t  12  o*C  ock  precisely,  several  hundied  first  class 
Standard,  Dwarf,  and  Climbing  ROSES ;  Pyramid.  Trained, 
and  other  FRUIT  IREES:  SHRUBS  and  CONIFERS, 
HARDY  BORDER  PLANTS,  of  sorts;  and  a  freat  vaiittv 
t-f  DUTCH   LULBS  for  present  planting,  Sc. 

On  view  morni,  g  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


To  Gardeners  and  Florists. 

FOR  SALE,  a   SMALL   NURSERY,  with 
Jobbing  Business.  Lease  thirty-nine  yeais:  three  Gretii- 
house    Pits,  two  Collages  let  off  at  {,~-j  per  annum  ;  Ground 
70  leet  by  230  feer,     Kent  £,5,     Good  pcsiiiou.     Same  hands 
twenty  years.     Stock  as  it  is.     Si.v  raies  from  Locdon. 
J.  HOLDEN,  High  Street,  Ea'ing. 


PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  HORTICUL- 
TURAL  Makket  Gakden  ani  ESTATP  AiicTioNHEKS  and 
Valuers,  (7  and  68,  Cheapsiue,  London,  EC  .  and  at  Leyton- 
slone.  E.      Monthly  Honiculuiral  Kcsi-ter  h,id  on  application. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 
A       McINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 

B.  .J.,.?i','^^',''^f'>'"'  undertake  the  FORMATION  and 
^\^^}1}^S  S\^^'*'  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.  Plans  uiepaied 
115.  LUiriaPark,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

WILLIAM      c"l  A  P  H  A  M, 

Cjidm  Architect  and  Natural  Rock  BuilJcr, 

SHAW  HE.\TH.  STOCKPORT. 

F«rncrles,  Grottos,  and  Rockwoik,  in  common  with  Landscape 

Gardening,  to  suit  any  locality. 


PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly- 
grown  heahhy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Phmaix  reclinata,  Areca  lutescens.  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  4J.  per  dozen,  25!.  per  10.  : 
same  sorts,  20  inches  high,  \is.  per  dozen,  less  quantuy 
IS.  Id  each. 

FERNS  — Strong,  healthy,    and  handsome  Lomaria  gibba, 
Adi.nlura     cunealum    (Maidenhair).    Ptens    tiemula,     Pieris 

Pteris  argyrea,  out  of  small  pots,  2Ci.  per  ico,  31.  per  d.'Zen. 
GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true),  6s.  per  dozen. 

Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 
G  \RDENEK,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

S151DE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
•  extensivs  stock  of— 

FRUIT     TREES     (Dviarltrained)  —  Apricots,     Nee  arines. 

Peaches,  Aip'es,  Pears.  Cheriies.  8tc. 
FOREST  TKEtS— Larch  and  Scotch  Fir,  Ash.  Hazel,  &c. 
ROoES— Standard  and  Dwarf.  ASH— Seedling,  i-yr. 

ASPARAGUS- For  Planting  ;  for  Forcing. 

The  whole  being  second  to  r.o.ie  in  the  Trade,    CATALOGUES 
of  Gtneral  Nursery  Stock,  wiih  Piices.  &.-.,  on  application  to 
S    BIUF,  Alma  Nursery,  Farnham,  Surrey. 

Q     P    E    C    I    A    L  OFFER. 

O  Fine  samples  of 

MYATl'S      PROLIFIC     EARLY    ASHLEAF     KIDNEY 

POTATOS,  li  ss.  per  ton.    Where  three  or  more  ions  are 

ordered.  jCs  per  ton. 
SUTTON'S     EARLY    ASHLEAF   KIDNEY    POTATOS, 

jC'^  6s   per  ton.     Nell  cash.      Free  on  rail  here, 
W,   W.  JoHNSO.N  AND  SON,   Seed  Potato  Growers  and 
Merchints.  Boston.  Linco  n.hire 

QPECIAL     CHEAP     OFFER.  —  PlNhS, 

O  Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet:  LARCH,  from  2  1 .  4 'eel  ; 
FIR.  Sc  ich.  iz  to  24  inches  ;  EL.M,  3  to  4  feit,  4  to  s  feet  ; 
ASH.  Coaimon.  2  to  3  feet,  3104  feel,  4  t  .  s  feet  ;  BIRCH, 
i;<to2leel.  2l03feet,  7  10  8  fee',  8  to  10  feet ;  CHBsT- 
NUr.  I  to  2  feet:  HORNBEAM.  2  to  3  fe  1.  3  to  4  feet. 
7  tj  8  leet,  8  10  9  f<el  ;  MAPLE.  4  10  10  feit  :  OAK.  E  glish, 
from  I  to  10  'est :  POPLARS,  Lombardy,  7  to  8  fell  8  10  o 
feet,  lotoiilen;  POPLARS,  Au.eiicaii.  7  10  8  fe.t,  lotoiz 
feet;  PRIVET.  Ev.r^reen,  2  to  3  feet.  3  10  4  leet,  go.  d  : 
PRIVET,  Ovalltal.  2  U  3  feet.  3  to  4  feet,  fine:  (JUICK, 
THORN,  4  5.  and  6-)r.,  fine  ;  SYCAMORES,  3  to  4  lett  4  10 
5  feet.  7  to  8  fret.  8  to  9  feet:  AUCUEAS.  2  to  3  feet: 
liERBERIS  AQUIFOI.M.  BuX,  CUPKESSUS,  vari- 
ous; ELDERS.  Go'd:  CURRANTS,  flowering  :  Hul  LIE-"', 
in  creal  variety:  IVIES,  iu  sens;  JUNIPERS,  HBURN- 
VM<,  L,AURE1.S.  assorted:  RHODODENDRONS,  seve-al 
hu^diel  thousand  of  all  foils  and  sizes  —  b.autiful  sniff; 
RETINOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish,  tor  Price 
LIST,  s<t:..  apply  11 

I-AiC  M.^TIHEWS  AND  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton. 
Slike  o  ..Trent. 


F 


RANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  offer,  in 


Krund.leal  LAURELS,  >  to  4  (eel.  bushy  :  llva'-leal  PRIVET, 
4105  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  : 
bWtET  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  lu  4  leei :  D.iuble  GORSE,  in 
pols,  afeet.  bushy  :  BERBER  IS  DARWINII,  in  pots,  2  10  3 
fell,  bu,hy;  LILACS,  5  to  6  feet  :  RIBES,  4  feet. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Siincy, 

qTHTEG  R  aT  H  I  C        ADDRESS  — 

X  "CILBLRT,  ST-'MI'ORD,  ■ 

of  lb;  season -Gilbert'.  Late  White  BROCCOLI, 
ctoria  — in  open  crnipetition  beat  all  the  M-'dels,  all  the 
ants,  and  all  the  Ojeen-,  besides  seven  dishes  of  CauliAjwer, 
vatded  a  Fitstclass  Ceitificale  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
icic:y.  This  Broccoli  is  wiihiut  daubt  preeminently  the 
lest  la  commerce.     Not  ihimblesful,  but  in   %  oz.   packets, 

A.'f.   BARRON  MELON.  Green  flesh.    First-class  Cerlifi- 
TELEG8APH  CUCU.MBERS,  i  dozen  seeCs, 


Thi 


each 


stock,  and    Un 


tilv 


•  Mcdjl  awarded  Pieiton  Guild,  i83z. 


CHDU    DE    BUROHLEV, 

SAVOY,  in  ;<  cz.  pocktts,  11  each. 

Gilbert's  selected  ONI' )N    SEED,  saved  from  all  the  best 

shaped  and  finest  Bulbs.  Magnum  Bonum,  While  Spanish,  and 

Bedfordshire  Champion,  9  '.  per  picket. 
PRIMROSE  SEED,  crossed  with  Harbinger,  from  a  very 

fine  collection    1 1.  6ii  per  packet- 
Border  CARN.ATIONS,  all  colours,  a  very  hardy  and  good 

stock,  5  i.  per  packet. 

Apply  10  R.  Gl  LBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Stam'ord. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

ROBERT  COOPER'S  Wholes.a!e 
CATALOGUE  of  GarJen  and  FLwer  Seeds  has  been 
Posted  to  all  their  Customers.  If  not  received,  please  i. form 
him  and  aacther  shall  be  sml. 

90,  South  Jvaik  Street,  London.  S.  E. 
Ttlegrrthic  Add. ess-- ROBERT  CO.)PER.  LONDON  " 

New  Cbrysantbemums. 

G  STEVENS,  F.R.H.S.,  St  John's  Nursery, 
•     Putney,  Surrey,  .=  .\V,,   is  now  Booking  Orde  s  for  bis 
New  LHRVSANIHEMUMS,  which  will  be  sent  out 
in  February  next,  good  strong  Plai.ts  :— 
MAIDEN'S  BLUSH. -Fine  Japanese, with  broadfl.t  fl  .rets, 
forming  a  lull,  large,  handsome   bloom.       Fine  for  fculiibiii  .11. 
Kirst-cla-s  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural  S.iciety.  Nov   10,  and 
Natinial  Ch-ysanth-mum  Sccleiy,    November  it,  18^5      P.ice 
21.  6ii.  each.     C.sh  vilh  order  from  unknown  correspoudents. 

MARTHA  HARDING— A  fine  Japanese  va.iety.  Goldeu- 
^ellow,  shaded  reddish-brown,  large  handsome  fl  >wcr.  Fine  for 
Exhibit- ,>n.  First-class  Celllficate  Nalioual  Chrysantlieniii  n 
Society,  1884.     Price  ss.  d.  each. 

CHRYSANTHE.'dUM  CATALOGUE  of  all  the  b,s; 
Exhibi.ion  Varieties  on  aot.licatiw. 


(^      \J      T  F      L      0      W      E      R      S 

V_^  LILY  of  ihe  VALLEY  (ve.y  fine), 

ROM  .AN  HYACINTHS. 
TULIPS  (in  var). 
POINSETflAS. 
Cau  clTcr  a  regular  supply  at  reduced  prices. 
Any  qiiuili.y  for  Christmas. 
TURNER  BROS..  Florists,  Green  HiU  Nursery,  Allerloi 
Liverpool 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five  Hundred 
varieties,  including  the  best  ol  the  Exhibition.  Decoia- 
live.  Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Culiings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  is,  6J.  per  dozen,  loi.  per  i.o; 
Plants,  2f.  6ii.  per  dozen,  i6j.  per  ico  ;  ready,  end  of  December. 
Many  of  ihe  best  growers  in  the  country  are  supplied  from  this 
collection.     For  the  grand  new  sons,  see  CATALOGUE,  one 

i    "W.M.'  ETHERINGTON,  Manor  House,  Swinicombe,  Kent. 


Fruit  Trees,  Grape  Vines,  and  Eoses. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.  offer,  of  fine  quality 
and  test  v.rieties.  Trained  and  Untrained  APPLES, 
APRICOTS,  CHERRIES.  DAMSONS,  NECTARINES, 
PEACHES.  PEARS,  PI.UMS;  RO'ES,  a  fine  collection, 
Dwarf  on  Manetti  ;  R0  5ES  Half  Standards  and  Standards; 
Rose  GLoIRE  DE  DIJON.  open  ground,  very  slrong.  in 
pots;  a'so  R.JSE  NiPHETOS,  strong,  in  pots.  VINES, 
BLACK  ALICANTE.  BLACK  HAMBURGH,  GROS 
COLMAR,  and  other  fine  sorts ;  Planting  and  Forcing  Canes. 
Low  prices  on  apolicalion. 

Cl,  pton  Nursery,  London.  E. 

QNOVVDROP  BULBsT^lJouble   or   Single. 

O  Special  low  offer  on  application, 

WATKINS  and    SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 


ANEMONE   JAPONICA  ALBA.— Having 
an  immense  stock  cin  offer  fine  slrcnj  plants  at  12s.  per 


SPARAGUS,  3-yr.  o'd,  extra  slrong  stuff, 

20f,  per  100-.      Sample  free.     Cash. 
G.  PHlPPEN.  Reading. 

LD  CRIMSON  CLOVE,  well  roo'ed,  with 

side  shools.     12.-    per  ico.     Ca.sli.     Samj-les  fiee. 
G.  PHIPPEN,  Reading 


TPIGHIY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,   in 

-I- J     Puts,  of  all  the  finebt   D.,uble  and  Single  Varieties  (some 

of  the    fl.)\vcis  of  which  bee  >me  ic  iochei  across,  and  are  of 

every  >hade,  (rom  pure  wliite  to 

ing  and    beddine.  from    i2f.  to 

Descriptive  LIST  on  application.     PliOts  may  fio:v  he  km-cktJ 

out  of  puts  and  -^ent    by    pircel   post  —RICHARD    SMITH 

AND  CO.,  Nurserymeo  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

^E  NAULT-HUET,     Nurseryman,    Ussy, 

Calvad..s,  France,  begs  to  .  ffer  ihe  folfjivine 
FOREST  TREES,  FRUIT  TREES,  and  EVERGREENS, 

in  large  quantities  : — 
Maple,  Hornbeam,  Quicks.  Privet,  Hazel.  Beech,  Ash,  Holly. 
Oak,  Lime,  Spanish  Chestnut.  Quinc.!,  Cliiiry.  M.aha  eb  antl 
Avium:  Ommm  Api  le.  St.  Juhen,  iMjrobulan  ;  Si,ru.:e,  Fir, 
Larch,  Pice,  Atbor-vitje.  Can  be  ol.iaii.ei  as  lecdlings  atitl 
iransplanttd  frt  m  one  to  four  years  at  th;  cheapfvt  prices. 
Samples  and  CATALOGUES  Iree  on  apphcalion. 

SCANDINAVIAN      TREE  ^SEEDS 
FOK    SALE 
PINU-!  ALBA,  of  Danish  Harvest  liSs 
PliNUS  MO>fTANA  UNCINATA,  oi  Danish  Ha-vest  i83s. 
PINUS  SYLVE.STRIS,  of  Sivedish  Ha.vest  1885 
PINUS  SYLVESTRIS,  of  Norwegian  Harvest  1S83, 
First  qua'ity.     Apply  to 
AUG.  SOHT.  Norregade  14,  Copenhagen. 

ONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 

BROCCOLI. -This  is  cne  of  the  fi  est  stocks  of  lae 
White  Broccoli  ever  olTeied,  producing  larg.;  heads  of  a  creamy 
white  colour,  and  cjming  in  far  use  as  Jate  as  June.  See 
following  extract : — 

From  ihe  Gurdeneri  Ch-otiicle  ami  A^rkultwal  Gazette, 
Lo;,don;-  'MoNsTEK  Broccoli  -A  few  days  since,  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  ol  the  Cjombe.  Penz.nce,  »h3  has  been  a  B.cccali 
glower  fur  upwards  ol  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  fir^t 
to  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  I.oi  don  aid 
Noithern  Markets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  tngeilier 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  sort  known  as  l-ontey'=  late 
Whi  e  Wilcovi.  The  huge  scales  at  the  sinellii.g-h.iuse  had  10 
be  called  into  requisition  to  ssceitain  the  weight  of  the  plants.'' 

Retail  Price,  is.  6i.  per  ounce.  Special  quotations  to  the 
Trade,     A,>ply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  21.  Cornwall  Sireet,  Plymouth, 

PI N  U S~ARTsTAfA.—  "  A  correspondent 
who  has  tried  the  nursery  trade  in  vain  "  for  the  above 
Pine,  may  surely  find  it  in  many  nurseiies,  but  nowhere  so 
cheap  and  so  gocd  as  wiih 

MORRISON  BROTHERS.  Aberdeen,  who  can  give  fine 
healthy  plants.  6  to  9  inches,  at  is.  ;  9  to  12  inches,  at  is.  6d.  ; 
and  3  to  4  fett  at  71.  6J  eac'i, 

A  LIST  of  all  hardy  Pines  sent  free  on  application. 

ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Eur.ipe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
C^MtLLIAS,  ROiES,  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
■IREES.  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  applicalioo.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  Locdm  is  very  modeiate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878. 

Orders  must  be  addres-  ed  to  Messrs.  WA  TSON  AND  SCU  LL, 
01,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. 


171    CREST         TREES. 

1-  To  be  sold  a  great  bargain  to  clear  [he  ground, 

500  CHESTNUT  TREES,  10  to  12  feet. 
ioo  LIMES.  6  to  12  feet. 
200  WALNUT  TREtS,  6  tots  eet. 
A  few  thousand  strong  MANETl'f. 
No  reasonable  cITir  will  be  refused. 
Apply  to  Mr,  CO  JPER,  Calcot  Gardens,  Readi.ig. 

'DRAINED         PEACH        TREES. 

_L         Some  of  the  best  sorts,  well  trained  and  strong. 
Afply  to   Mr.  COOPER,   Calcot   Gardens,    Reading. 

PYRAMID  APPLE  TREES.— 
Fine  grown  Trees  of  the  best  sorl^,  including  — Blenheim 
Oiange.  Cellini,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin.  Golden  Reiietle.  King 
of  ihe  Pipoins.  Lord  Suflied,  Keswick  Codlin.  Warner's  King, 
Wellinglon,  &c. 

Apply  to  Mr.  COOPER,  Calcot  Gardens   ReaHin,'. 

Tne  New  Raspberry. 

LORD        BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest   Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  IinowD.     First- 
class  Certificate.  Royal  Hoticultural  Society,  18S3. 
Strong  Canes,  J^i  per  rco  ;  gr,  per  dozeu. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trade,  5  per  cent.    d:scounl  for  prompt 
cash.  A.   FAULKNOR.  Inkpen;  Hungeif..rd. 

TMANTOPHY~LLUM     (CLIVIA) 

_L  GRANDIFLORA. 

Healthy  i-yr.  srelli.igs,  in  twenty  sorts  of  the  best  vaiieties— 
Lindeni,  Van  Houttei,  maxima,  robusta,  Paikinsoni,  &c. 

One  Guinea. 

Delivered,  frie  by  Post,  to  all  countries,  for  Cash  with  Order, 
ED.  PYNAERT,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


December  19,  1S85,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


771 


CHOU  DE  BURGHLEYSEED  for  SALE 
—  12  lb.  of  this  year's  saving.     Price  25.  61/.  per  pound. 
Smallest  quantity  seiu  out,  3  lb. 

H.  CHAPMAN.  Linkfield  Lane,  Isleworlh,  Middlesex. 

To  the  Trade. 

HO.ME-GROWN  VEGETABLE  AND  FIELD  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE'S  Wholesale  CATA- 
•      LOGUE  has  been  sent  out,  and  they  will  feel  olliaed 
to  any  one  in  the  Trade  who  has  not  received  a  Copy  if  he  will 
inform  them,  in  order  that  one  may  be  forwarded. 
Seed  Growinfi  Establishment,  Wi.bech. 

LI  HUM  AURATUM,  Special  consignment. 
Splendid  sound  firm  Bulb<,  6j..  gt..  rJi  .  and  18s  per 
dozen,  45J.  10  tco>.  per  roo;  Double  '1  UbEROSES,  extra  fine, 
loj.  aird  12s.  id.  per  too  ;  Giint  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
Imported  Crowns.  51.  id.  and  is.  id  per  too  :  ditto,  immense 
Clumps.  121.  and  15s.  per  dozen  ;  SPIR/EA  JAPnNICA.  ,.i  , 
AS  per  dozer;  GLADIOLUS  KRENCHLEYENSIS,  Sd  per 
dozen,  4J.  td.  per  100  :  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  Englith 
grown,  irom  i8t.  to  42J.  per  do^ien.  All  ether  Plants  and  koots 
equally  cheap. 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  I  and  2.  FenchurcH  Street,  E.C. 

New  Chrysanttiemimis. 

MESSRS.  W.  AND  G.  DROVER  are  now 
BooWmg  Orders  for  their  Three  New  JAPANESE 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  Fir=t-class  Certificates,  Royal 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  December  9,  188; 

WHITE   DR.VGON,  a  puie  wliite    flj»er  ol  the  Drag-,,, 
type. 

"    COLOK.  oranee-red.  the  reverse  oranee. 

s  de  1.1 

Good  EXHIRITION  VARIETIES,  p. ice  is.  each,  to  be 
ent  out  in  Maich.     Orders  til'ed  in  rotation. 

W.  AND  G.  DROVER,  Florists,  Fareham. 


SPECIAL  OFFER. —  HORSE  CHEST- 
NUT, 2  to  3  feel,  31.  id.  per  joo;  LEYCESTERIA 
FORMOSA,  strong,  srs.  per  100  ;  ABIES  DOUGLASII,  i  to 
2  feet.  251.  per  too;  PINUS  CEMBRA,  2  to  3  feet,  251.  per 
too;  P.  STROBUS,  3  to  4  feet,  301.  per  joa ;  LAUREL 
SPURGE,  9  to  12  inches  tis.  per  roo:  GOOSEBERRIES, 
fine  sorts.  4  yr  ,  8i  per  rco  ;  PEARS,  fine,  4  to  5  feet,  6s.  per 
dozen  ;  PLUMS,  fine,  4  to  5  feet,  is.  per  dozen. 

MACLEOD  AND  CAMERON,  Inverness. 

UINBURGH  APPLE^CONFERENCE.— 

Admirers  of  our  splendid  collection  of  Fruit  at  the  above 
show  are  reminded  that  Trees  in  all  forms  can  be  supplied 
direct,  or  through  the  Edinburgh  Nurserymen. 

GEORGE    BUNYARD    and    CO.,    The    Old    Nurseiies, 
Maidstone. 

OEAKALE    for    Forcing.  —  Excellent    large 


O     Crt 


.  per  1 


;  undei 


A   quantity  <f    strong   4-year-old     Focinff    ASPARAGUS, 
and  3-year-old  Champagne  RHUBARB  Roots,. 

Some  thousands  of  strong    3-yearold    Black    CURRANT 
Bushes,  of  the  best  varieties. 

^  •  Price  on  application. 

Orders  to  be  accompanied  by  cheque  or  P.O.O. 

ALFRED  ATWOOD, 
Grower,  51,  Shillington  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  stock  at  ihe  Clapton  Nursery  is 
without  seeing  ;I,  il  is  not  easy  to  forr 
of  its  unprecedented  extent.     Inspeciion  invited. 

Three  i^pan-ioofed  houses  of  PHAL.^NOPSI^  in  varisty. 

The  GlaKs  Structures  cover  an  area  of  246,000  super,  feet. 
HUGH  LOW  AND  CO..  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 


GENUINE      SEEDS. 


JAMES   VEITCH  &   SONS 
CATALOGUE  of  GARDEN  mi  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  1886, 

CONTAIMNO 

LISTS  of  CHOICE  VEGETABLE  and  FLORAL  NOVELTIES, 

HORTICULTURAL     IMPLEMENTS,     AND     OTHER    GARDEN     REQUISITES, 
Is  now  ready,  and  can  be  had,  post-Jrcc  on  applicjtion. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


q^HE     COMMITTEE 

beg  to   GIVE   NOTICE  that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STBEET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W., 

and  it  is  respectfully  requested  that  all  com-- 
municitions  may  be  addressed  there. 
By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec, 
November  3,  1885. 


FOREST      TREES, 

FRUIT     THEES, 

PARK       TREES, 

SHRUBS,    ROSES,    &c. 

One  of  the  L.^RGEST  and  BEST-GROWiM 
Stocks  in  THE  KINGDOM.  Price  List  and  full 
particulars  FREE  oil  application. 

Special  cheap  quatation^  to  large  buyers. 


THOMAS  KENNEDY  &  CO., 

SEED   and    NURSERY    ESTABLISHMENT, 

106  and  108,    HIGH    STREET, 

DUMFRIES,    N.B. 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,    CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 


HENDEE'S    STRAINS 

OP 

PETUNIAS    and    BALSAMS 

.ire  the  finest  offered. 
HENDER'S  SINCI.E  PETUNIA,  ij,  and  rs.  per  packet. 

„     SINT.LE  FRINGED  PETUNIA,  aj.  id.  per  packet. 

„     DOUBLE  FRIN3ED      „      as.  and  31.  6rf  per  packet. 

,.     BALSAMS,  8  vars  ,  separate,  ai.  iii.  ;  mixed,  rr  6d. 

For  ntarly  40  years  Petunias  have  been  our  special  study, 
and  we  leel  sure  ihe  Seed  now  offered  will  turn  out  even  better 
than  thoie  in  past  years 

HENDER  AND  SONS,  The  Nu-sety,  Plymouth. 

Note  — Tlie  above  can  be  Ordered  throush  any  Seedsman. 


HOOPER'S    NEW   SPOTTED    GLOXINIAS. 


iii'ii?/rito  ^ 


j:  I 


This  splendid  strain  of 
Gloxinias  we  are  quite  sure 
is  not  surpassed,  and  we  do 
not  believe  is  equalled.  We 
have  received  nuinerous 
prizes  and  awards  for  them, 
and  the  highest  compliments 
of  growers  and  the  trade  ; 
and  we  are  able  to  say  that 
many  Continental  strains, 
now  being  offered  at  high 
jirices,  are  every  way  inferior. 

We  refrain  from  saying 
much  about  the  unparalleled 
beauty  of  the  colours  of  these 
tlowers— their  novel  and  ex- 
quisite spottings,  and  their 
grand  substance  and  finish. 
They  must  be  seen  to  be 
fully  appreciated. 

SEEDS, 

2s.  6d.  per  Packet. 


HOOPEE    &    CO.,     COVENT    GAEDEN,    LONDON,     W.C. 


772 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  II. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1200  species  and  vaiietics, 

free  on  application. 
Speciil    Desciiptive    "List  of   New.   Rarb,    and  Choice 

Fekns."  fiee. 
Descriptive  "  List  of  Habdv North  American  Ferns,"  free. 


W.  &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE     MANCHESTER. 


ROSES. 


20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  best  varieties. 

''^'^"er^'io"'''"  °'    ■'"  '^°"°'  '"'■\P'^M„g  and  Carriage 
STANDARDS,  H.P..  .51.  per  do^en,  j   f„  Cash fvfif Order. 

105s.  oer  100.  3 

CLEM.ATIS  (80,000),  IIS  to  241.  p=r  doztn. 
KG  5E3,  in  Pots  (So.coo)   13s.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acrts). 
VINES  (60C0),  3S  b,i.  tj  ici.  id. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 
STRAWBERRIES.  41.  per  100  ;  Forcing.  151.  to  351.  per  ico. 
ASPARAGUS,  ss.  bd.  per  100  :  Foicing,  12J.  id.  per  Ito. 
SF-AlvAI.E,  strong  Forciie,  i6j.  per  100. 
EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS    ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(01  .Urees). 
FI.OWEKING  SHRUBS,  Ss.  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS,  UNDERWOOD,  S:c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  of  above  and  SEEDS  free. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^*  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.-Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Prvce  ts.  per  bushel 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \s. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),      Nurserymen    and    Seed 


Merchants.  Hiehcate  N 


;.  N. 


EXPIRY     OF     LEASE. 

In  consequence  of  the  Lease  of  9  acres  of 
our  Nursery  Ground  being  ne.ir  .in  end,  we  beg 
to  offer  the  following  NURSERY  STOCK  at 
exceptionally  low  prices  :  — 

L\RCH,  true  native,  i-yr.  i-jr.  transplanted,  9  to  12  inch'.s, 
12  to  iS  it.ches.  i3  10  24  inches,  2  to  3  feet,  3  r04  feet, 

FIR,  Scotch,  irue  1  alive,  r-yr.  seedlings,  2-yr.  seedtingc, 
i-yr.  I  >T.  iransplaiited,  z-yr.  i-yr.  transpl.ri.t^it. 
S-veat-old  tw  ce  transplanted,  2-yr.  2-yr.  transplanted, 
9  to  12  inches,  12  to  18  inches.  iS  to  24  inches. 

SPRUCE,  2  yr.  and  3-yr.  seedlings,  also  6  to  9  inchLS, 
transplanted. 

ALDER,  i.jr    lyr.  transplanted. 

ASH.  i.yr.  seedliiigf,  t-yr.  i-yr.  Iran-p'anted. 

liEECH,  nr.  sellings. 

lilRCH,  I  yr.  seedl  1  gi,  and  12  to  18  inches. 

liRIER.  Doe.  I-yr.  seedlirgs- 

CHESTNUT,  Spanish,  i-yr. 

Hazel,  i-yr.  seedling--. 

ELM.  Scotch,  ij  to  18  inches,  iS  tj  .-4  inchss,  2  to  3  feet. 

OAKS,  I-yr.  seedlings. 

PiNUi  AUSlRtACA,  I-yr.  seeclings,  6  to  9  inches,  9  to  12 
inches,  transplanted. 
,,     I.A'.'K  L\  j.yr.  seedlincs,  0  t  >  9  inches. 
„    MARITIMA,  2-yr.  seedlings   lyr.  i  yr. 

POPLARS,  of  sorts,  i}^  to  8  feet,  transplanted. 

bVCAMOKE,  I.yr.  seedlings,  i-yr.  i-yr.  transplanted,  l»  to  iS 
inches,  18  to  24  inches. 

ASH.  Mountain,  iS  to  24  mche  >,  2  to  3  feet,  4  to  5  feet. 

LIMES,  from  Lavers.  2  to  3  feel,  3  to  4  f.ci,  and  npwi.ds 

RHODODENDRON  PONTiCUM,  6  to  9  in.  andupwirds. 
,,     Hybrids,  named,  finest  varieiies,  from  2-yr.  gra'tei  and 
upwards,  in  Imd. 

ABIES  DOUGLASII,    i.yr.  i-yr.  transplanted,  6  to  9  inches, 
oto  12  inches.  13  to  iS  inches,  18  to  24  inches 
,.     MENZIESII,    a-yr.    seedlings,    and    2yr.    lyr     trans- 
planted. J       .  y  .    I  an 

ARAUCARIA  IMBRIC.<TA,  4  ti  6  inches  6  to  9  inche= 
transplanted.  ' 

CUPRESSUS  L.  NANA  COMPACTA,  6  to  9  inches  9  to 

„  LUTEA.  6  to  9  inches,  g  to  12  inches 
PICEA  NOLILIS.  6109  inches,  9  toi2inches. 

,.  NORDMANIANA.  i;  to  is  inches 
TAXUS  ELEGANTISSIMA.  all  siies.  ' 

.,     FASTIGIATA  AUREA.  all  sizes 

KiJbe.b,  Dwarfs  per  loo  or  looj 

FRUIT  TREE  STOCKS,  seedling  and  transplanted. 

The  abtrji  -.lock  is  in  fine  caniiticn.  and  samflu  and 
/,7f.":  ""'■*  f-*"'"f  "y  '■'«'  rlualation,  for  larai  quantilus,  may 
i/e  n^i  on  aJ>pltcatton  lo  • 


B.    &    A.    MORRISOJJ, 

THE      NURSERIES,     ELGIN. 


FRUIT.  FRUIT,  FRUIT, 

SEE    NEW    CATALOGUE. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS.CHERRIES. 
—All  the  finest  varieties.— Pyramids,  91.  and  121    per 
dozen  ;   Sftandards,  12J.  per  dozen ;    Dwarf-trained, 
151.  and  i8s.  per  dozr:n. 
CURRANTS.— Black,   Red,  White,  121.  per  102,  21.  and 

RASPBERRIES,  in  variety,  izi.  per  ion;  Northumber- 
land Fillbasker,  6s.  per  100. 
GOOSEBERRIES,  15J.  and  20J.  per  ico,  2S.  ti.  and  3s. 

STR.WVBERRIES.— All  the  most  reliable  croppers.  Sirong 
runnels,  2f.  6;/.  per  too;  in  2j4-inch  pots,  loj.  per  loo; 
in  5-inch  pots,  for  forcing  25s.  per  100  ;  Laxtoa's 
New  King  of  Karlies  and  The  Captain,  is.  per  dijzen 

ROSES.      ROSES. 


See  6 


■  Nci 


The  finest  H.P.  va-ietiep,  ds  per  dozen,  40.1.  per  iod. 
Tea  scentsd  and  Noisettes.  15J.  per  dozen  ;  looj.  per  100. 
Beauiii'ul  Mosses,  6j.  per  dozen. 

CliTibing  varieiiis,  for  Rockeries.  Arbours,  &c..  di.  p   do: 
The   above  are  all  our  own  growing,  and  will  grow  an 
grown   in  a   good  climai 


nuch  belter  than    Ro; 


FOREST    TREES, 

ORNAMEXTAL  atii  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS. 

Fine  quality,  low  piices.     See  New  Catalocue. 


D 


OUTDOOK    FLOWERS  in  SPRIN9. 

AISIES,  Red,  White,  Rose,  &c.;  POLY- 
ANTHUS, Sinale  PRIMROSES,  in  v.wiely  of 
colours;  WALLFLOWERS,  CANTERBURY 
BELLS,  9^.  per  dozen,  41.  and  5s.  per  100,  PAN- 
SIES  and  VIOLAS  (colours  separate),  ARABIS, 
ALVSSUM.  SILENE  CO.VIPaCTA.  AUBRIE. 
TIAS,  MYOSOTIS,  u.  f,J.  per  dozen,  8t.  per  100; 
ted  Spring-Howeiing  Plants  for  171,  6^/., 


,Ut  -. 


.  6d. 


HEPATICAS.   Bl.ie  and  Red;    Double    PP.IMROSES, 

Sulphur,  3J.  6d.  per  dozen. 
WM.  CLIBR.AN  akd  SON.Oldlield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS  for  GARDENS. 

730TENTILLAS,       PYRETHRUMS, 

-L  DELPHINlU-MS.-Lovelyhirdv  11  jwers  for  culling 
or  giiden  bloom,  named,  5s.  per  dozen. 

SPLENDID  PHLOXE;,  PENTSTEMONS,  PINKS, 
PANSIES,  in  t.he  finest  vaiieiies,  31  6/.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.- The  most  shjwy 
lo.ts,  3s   per  dozen,  atS-  per  100. 

CARN.\TI0NS  and  PICO  I'EES.-Good  exhibition  sorts. 
l^J.  per  d.izen  plants;  fine  Clove  and  Border  Self 
varieties,  41.  per  dozen— all  from  layers. 

LILIES.— Cindidum,  Orange, and  Tiger  Lilies, 3J.  perdoz. 

WM.  CLI  BRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 


A    GAT    CONSERVATORY. 

ptNKRARIAS    and    HERBACEOUS 

V>'     CAICEOLARHS,  is.  6./.  per  dozin,  frcm  stores, 

BOUVARDIAS.    TREE    CARN.\TI0VS.    DEUTZIA 
GRACILIS  —In  pots  for  eaily  blooming,  6s.,  gs., 

SPIR.EA   lAPONICA,  DIELYTRA  SPECfABILIS.- 

Fiae  clumps,  51.  per  dozen. 
AZALEA.S— Ghent,   mollis,   pcntict.  or    indica.   all   with 

buds,  f  jr  forcing,  i8i.,  24s  ,  and  3-s.  per  doze". 
W.M.  CLIBR^N  and  SON.Oditld  Nur.ery,  Altrirchara. 


QEE  our  NEW    CATALOGUE  for  this 

O  Aii-iiinr,  for  M  derate  Prioisof  all  BULBS  PLAN  IS 
orTREES  you  want  fcr  In  orOutdocr  Gardening;  also  for 
rur  FLOVVEKS.  WREATHS,  CROSSES.  BOU- 
QUETS. &c.     Safe  and  fresh  by  post  or  ,a  1. 


WM.  CLIBRAN  &  SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM; 
12,    MARKET    STREET,    MANCHESTER. 


.•:PILCI.'.L    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  I  ;ge  and  select  stock  is  now  olTerel  for  Sal;. 

T.'u  lllnslralsd  and  Deicriflive  C.4  TALOGUE  oJFR  UlTS 

post-fiee. 

The  D.^scriplive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS      RIVERS     &     SON, 

The  Nurseiies,  Savvbridgeworth,  Herts. 


<'"Qj^ed //"^'^ 


The  B3st,  the  Cheap3St. 

TRAINED  FRUIT  TREES. 
-Fine  and  well-rnjlej.  3  PEACHES,  2  APPLES, 
I  NECTARINE,  i  PLUM  ;  named,  packed,  and  carriage  paid 
for  i8j.  6rf.;  half  for  ics.  :  cish. 

WILL  TAYLER, 
Osborn  Nursery.  Hampton.  Middlesex. 

GLADIOLI,     DAHLIAS, 

DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  k  SON, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM,    HOLLAND. 

Our  SPECIAL  SPRING  CATALOGUE  of  the  above  for 

1883—1880.  containiog  all   ihi  new   varieties,   is   now  ready, 

and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  oa  application  to  our  Agents, 

Messrs.  MERTEN3  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  Lcndon,  E.G., 

or  to  ouiselves  direct. 

No     Charge    for    Packing    or     Packages. 

For  particulars  of  free  delivery,  see  Catalogue. 
EARL\    ORDERS    RESPECIFULLY    REQUESTED. 


^^^t'  ""^^^^ 


An    muiense     n  k  of  heilihy  Tites  of  all 
kinds,  true  to  name. 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

a  Specialty.     Send  for  Pamphlet  on  above. 

ORNAMENTAL  TREESand  SHRUBS 

ROSES,    RHODODENDRONS,     &o. 

CATALOGUES  post-free. 


Sussex. 


SPECIAL      OFFER 

OF    WELL-GROWN    STOCK. 
6,000    FRUIT     TREES,     mostly    Pyramids    and 

Standards,      consisting     of     best    sorts, 

APPLES,      PEARS,      PLUMS,     and 

CHERRIES, 
15,000    GOOSEBERRIES,      mostly     Warrington  ; 

also  some  Red  and  Black  CURR.ANTS. 
60,000  ASPAR.\GUS  and  SEAKALE  ;   the  forcing 

Seakale  is  fine. 
10,000   L.^URELS,      including     rolundiflora    and 


20,000    IVIES,  mosUy  sinall  leaved. 
5,000    TREE  BO.X. 

5,000    POPLARS,  LI.VIES,  THORNS,    CHEST 
NUTS. 


Atid  Jor  Special  Ouota'ions,  &^c ,  apply  to 

HARRISO.^)    k    SO.vS, 

NURSERYMEN  and  SEED  GROWERS, 
LEIGESTEB. 


December  19,  1SS5  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


11: 


SPECIAL       NOTICE. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY    2,    1886, 


WILL  CONTAIN   A    BEAUTIFULLY 


1      fA 


illJii 


n . 


(18  inches    by    13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL      DESIGN. 


PRICE     FIVEPENCE  ;       POST-FREE,      FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ; 

OR    WITH 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED    ON     OAK    EOLLEES, 

READY  TO   BE   HUNG  UP,  AND  ENCLOSED   IN  CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 
TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

7/ic    Piiblishcy   cannot    be    responsible  for    injury    to    the    Almanac    unless    it    is   so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS. 

As   a   large   Extra   Sale   of  this   Number   is  gtiaranteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  meditnn  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOR    SPACE    SHOULD    BE    SENT    IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE. 


W.    EICHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STEEET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


774 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


BECK  &  GO,  Ltd,, 

130,    GREAT    SUFFOLK    STREET, 
LONDON,    S.E. 

Telegraphic  Address  —  "  Hydrant,  London  "), 

HOT-WATER   VALYE 

MANUFACTURERS,    &c. 

GOLD  MEDAL,  HEALTH  EXHIBITION. 


WIIEATLEV'S     PATENT. 


BEST  and  MOST  COMPACT   THROTTLE 
VALVE  in  the  MARKET. 

2-inch.  3-inch.  4  inch. 

Prices  :-8s.  3d.    lOs.    ISs.  6d. 


Should  this  Valve  be  left  i;nu:ed  for  a  lenjlhened  period  and 
be  found  t  chrly  wedged,  by  simp'y  unscrewing  the  LOWer 
Nut,  or  Sp:nile.  the  wing  will  be  released  and  can  llicn  be 
readily  turned  at  phas  ire  and  the  Nut  relightened. 

No  Violence  la  therefore  needed,  and  the  Valve 
should  never  be  hroken 


crrrQ:^ 


Beck's  Patent   Horizontal   Screw- 
down  Hot-water  Valves 

Are  Manufactured  at  the  above  Address  only, 
and  the  Name  of  the  Firm  is  Cast  on  each. 


GARDEN         HYDRANTS, 

STANDPIPES,    HOSE, 
BR.\NCHI'IPES,     SPRE.ADERS,     ROSES,    &c. 


FIRE    APPLIANCES. 


SecUoiUil  or  Complete  Catalogues  on  application. 


A   Very   Charming   Floral    Gift-Book. 

INDIGENOUS  FLOWERS  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Forty-four  Plates  painted  in    Water  Colours,  and  described 
by  Mrs.  FRANCES  SINCLAIR,  Jim. 

Chromoliihograpbed  by  Messrs.  Leightom  Brothers. 

Imperial  Folio.       Cloth  Extra,    Gilt  Edges,       Price    31s.  6d. 

"...     About  firty  of  these  flowers  are  carerully  depicted  i  these  days.      The  work  is,  howver.  a  rontribulion  to  botanical 

lor  our  pltaiure  and  insiiuciion.     They  are  represented  in  iliiir  science  of  no  sbght  interest.' —Z'.iiVv  N^ws. 

native  hues  on  larce  quarto  plates  :    and  curious  and  spleodid  |  "  A  handsome  volume.     .     .     .     Will  be  welcome  to  all  lovers 

some  of  them  are."— .S'A  Jame\s  Gazette.  I  of  botany.     .     .     .     Certainly  th-^  ani-t  h  «s  been  most  fortunate 

'■      .     .     .     Remarkable    were  it  only  a';  a  Fpecimca  cf  the  in  her  search  (or  blossoms,  as  the  forty-lour  plates  of  eAquitite 

perfection  to  which  the  art  of  colour-jjrinting  has  attained  in  j  flowers  testify." — Morntng  Fast. 


London:    SAMPSON   LOW,   MARSTON,    SE4RLE   &   RIVXNGTON, 
188,    FLEET    STREET,    E.C. 

A     HANDSOME     NEW     YEAR'S     GIFT. 


Just  rublishcd,  Sixth  Edit  ion,  EnUvi^ed  and  Revised, 

THE  ORCHID-GROWERS'   MANUAL. 

By  BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.LS.,  F.R.H.S. 

Post  Zvo,  Cloth,  Price  ic,s.;    Free  by  Parcels  Post,  \'^s.  6d. 

Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  Page  and  Double-page  Engravings  on  Wood,  together  with 

Blocks  Illustrative  of  types  of  the  various  genera. 
'  I  "HIS  Popular  Work  has  been  entirely  remodelled  and  revised  up  to  the  present  time,  and  has 
been  enlarged  to  659  pages.  It  contains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and 
varieties  of  Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  47S  synonyms  ;  also  authorities  for  the  names,  the 
families  to  which  the  various  genera  belong,  the  flowering  period,  native  country,  and  references  to 
figures.  Making  in  all  the  most  complete  work  on  Orchids  ever  piiblishtd. 

Published    by    B.    S.    WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA   and  PARADISE    NURSERIES,    UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 


Is 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Honses,  &C.,  constructed  en  our  improved  plan,  are  the 
perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.  Hot-Watfir  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames.  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Esttmatti  and  Cataloguei/ree.     Custartiers  waited  an  in  any  pari  of  th£  Kingdom. 
Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been— 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 

HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  in  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES.  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  «50. 


rS^'^^i 


'".ajJ'-^i.i:' , 


^:: 


3GP?-.- 


^^J^ 


JAMES     B  jYD    &    SONS, 

lIORTICULTUR.\L  BUILDERS  AND 

HE.\TING   ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 

LONDON  OFFICE  :    48,  Pall  MaU,  S.W, 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WAKMINU  CHURCHES,   SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


December  19,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


ns 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY    STOCK:- 

ABIES  CANADENSIS,  4  lo  8  feet,  hundreds. 

„     DOUGLASII,  1106  feet,  thousands, 

„     DOUC.LASII  GLAUCA,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds, 

„     HOOKERIANA  or  P,VnONl  ANA,  3  to  i  feet. 

„     ORIKNTALIS,  4,  q.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds 

„     TARRYANA  GL.WCA,    I'/i  to  3  feet,  hundreds.     All 
from  seed. 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GL.\UCA,  3  to  6  feet. 

„     DEOUARA,  6  to  9  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     LIH.^NI  (Cedar  of  Lebanon),  4  to  s  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   L.4WS0NIANA  ERECTA  VIRIDIS,  3,  4, 
5  10  8  feet,  thous.-inds. 

„     LUTEA,  3,  4  itnd  s  feet,  hundreds. 
JUNIPER.  Chinese,  5,  8  10  12  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOK,  2  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     GRANDIS,  5te7  feet. 

„     LASI0CARP.4,  3  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     M.AGNIFICA,  2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„     NOIULIS,  i'^  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„    NORDMANNIAN.\,  4,  6,  7  to  to  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     PINS^PO,  6  to  ro  feet,  hundreds. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  3  to  3}4  and  4  feet,  well  furnished  and 
transplanted  October,  1E84,  thousands. 

.,     GEM  BR.\,  3,  6  to  8  (eet,  hundreds. 
RETINOSPORA  OBTU.SA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 

„     PlilFERA  AUREA  (true),  3  to  0  feet. 

,.     PLUMOSA  AUREA,  3  to  5  f<:et. 
THUIOPSIS  BCIREALIS,  4  to  6  feet,  hundreds. 

.,     DOLABRA  TA,  3,  4,  and  6  feet,  hundreds. 
THUIA  LOIIHII.  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 

„     OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,.     SEMPER  AUKEA,  2'ji  to  3  feet,  hundred*. 
YEWS,  Common,  3,  4,  and  5  feet,  thousinds. 

,,     Common,  6  to  10  feer,  hundreds. 

,,     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  many  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 

„     Golden,  Seedlings,  3,  4.  5,  to  8  feet. 

,,     Irish,  5  ti  10  feet,  hundreds. 

,,     Irish,  Golden,  Seedling,  3,  4,  and  5  feet. 
AZALE.\S,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 
RHODODENDRONS,  3,  4,  s,  6.  S  to  10  feet,  thousands  of 
finer  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 

1^  The  fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons  annually 
planted  in  Rotten  Row,  Hyde  Park,  are  supplied  by  Anthony 
Waterer. 

KAL.MIA  LATIFOLIA,  healthy  and  well  furnished  plants, 
18  to  24  inches,  showing  from  twelve  to  thirty  trusses 
of  bloom. 
AUCUBA  JAPONICA,  iM  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 
IIAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  5  to  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted snring.  18I5,  hcndreds. 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3,  4.  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thousands 
HOLMES,  Common  Green,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet,  thousands. 
„     Al.lWCl.ARENSE, 


H(lll(;iN.'- 


ny 


,,     LAURIFGLIA. 
.,     MVRTIFOLL^, 
„     SCOITICA, 
,  ,    Yellow-berried  and  other  sorts. 
,,     Variegated,  of  sorts,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet,  thousands. 
»„     Goldsu  Queen,  3.  4,  5,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds  of  beau 

tiful  specimens. 
,,    Silver  Queen,  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens, 
„    Weeping,  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten  to 

fifteen  years'  growth,  hundreds. 
„    Weeping,    New  Golden,   a  large  quantity  of   beautiful 

plants.  

The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems,  fine  heads, 
and  splendid  roots,  .and  have  all  been  transplanted  within  two 
years  ;— 

ACACIA  BESSONIANA,  6  to  10  feet. 
ACER  DASVCARPUM,  13  to  15  feet. 

„     NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA.  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

„     RElTENRACHIt,  8to  lofect. 

„    SCHWEDLERI,  12  to  14,  and  14  to  16  feet 

„    WORLEYII,  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  r2  feet. 

,,     Purple,  P>Kamids,  9  to  12,  and  12  to  14  feet, 
BIRCH,  Silver,  1 


Purple, 

CHESTNUT,  H 

,,     Horse,  Scarli 

„     „     Double,  1 

ELMS.  English,  i 

..    Guernsey,  ic 

LIMES, 


feet. 


I  to  12  feet. 


feet. 

:  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
4  feet. 


0  to  13  feet 

.,    Silver-leaved,  ri 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  10  8  feet 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  12  feet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  14  to  t6  feet. 
OAK.S,  American,  12  to  r4  feet. 

,,     English,  10  to  1?  feet. 
PLANES,  14  feet  and  upwards. 
POPLAR  CANADENSIS  NOV.\,  12  to 

„     P.OLLEANA,  8  to  to  feet 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  15  feet. 

„     P.irple,  IS  to  16  feet. 

,,     Variegated,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 


Weeping  Trees. 

BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  .Standards,  10  to  i: 
.,     Weeping,  Purple  (true).  Standards,  8  to  to  feet. 

BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids,  10  to  12  feet. 
.,     Young's  Weeping,  Standards,  14  feet. 

ELMS,  Weeping,  Standards  10  feet  stems. 

HAZEL,  Weeping,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 

LARCH,  Weeepmg,  6  to  10  feet. 

POPLAR.  Weeping,  Standards. 

SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Stand.ards,  i 


Intending  planters  are  invited  to  jnspect  the  Plants  growing  ; 
no  one  interested  in  such  matters  will  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  of  such  a  Stock. 


KNAP    HILL    NURSERY, 

WOKING,    SURREY. 


By  Royal         e^^<^-\?AS         BeedEmen 
Warrant,      f -l^E^^C^i!*       '<>  ^  M. 
>^"!j':;.'?:i'5V.i'  .'"^    the  Queen.. 


NOW  READY, 


T/ic  1886  EtHlion 


SUTTON'S 


AMATEUR'S 


Guide, 


One  of  the  most  useful  Gardening 
Books  yet  published. 


SUTTON'S  AMATEUR'S  GuiDE 

Well  Written  and  Practical  Articles  entitled  : 

"A  Ypn-r's  'Work  in  ihe 

■Vegfttable  Garden  " 

"The   Culture   of  Flowere  from  Seeds." 


It    is    beautifully    illustrated    with    Four 
Coloured  and  Toned  Plates,  and  upwards  of 
Eighty   well-executed    Engravings,  and    in- 
cludes   Descriptive    Lists    of    all   the    best 
varieties  of 

Vegetables,  Flowers,  and  Potatos. 


SUTTON'S 


POCKET 


Garden  Calendar 

For  1886. 
<<  A  very  useful  little  work." 

GRATIS  AND  POST-FREE    O.V  APPLICATION. 


Seedsmen  by  Koyal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.E  H.  the  Prince  of  lyales, 

READING. 


Xp2^  c^&^■^A^\r^  err    "^^      ^^^ 


(Kanleuenj^  fljlironick 

SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    19,    1885. 


CHRISTMAS  PLANTS. 
""PHE  use  of  certain  evergreens  in  this  country 
-L  for  Christmas  decoration  gives  no  general 
idea  of  the  extent  to  which  plants  are  associated 
with  the  great  Christian  festival.  With  us  at 
the  present  time  there  seems  to  be  no  limit  to 
the  plants  that  may  be  used,  and  of  late  years 
almost  anything  and  everything  that  happens 
to  be  green  at  this  season  of  the  year  is 
pressed  into  the  service  for  Christmas  decora- 
lion.  At  one  time,  and  this  not  so  very  long 
since,  Holly,  Ivy,  and  Mistleto  were  the  prin- 
cipal plants  used,  the  first  and  the  last  of  these 
being  considered  absolutely  necessary  ;  now, 
however,  the  Laurel,  the  Fir,  the  Yew,  the 
Laurustinus,  and  others  are  equally  used,  and 
flowers  of  any  kind  that  can  be  persuaded  to 
blossom  at  this  period  of  the  year  vie  with  the 
Christmas  Rose  (Helleborus  niger),  always  in 
great  demand  at  this  season.  Though  some 
plants  are  more  especially  dedicated  to  Christ- 
mas than  others  in  consequence  of  their  more 
immediate  association  with  Our  Lord  or  with  the 
Virgin  Mary,  the  tradition  that  all  plants  rejoice 
at  Christm.as  in  commemoration  of  His  birth 
aftords  some  reason  for  an  indiscriminate  use  of 
such  as  are  in  leaf,  flower,  or  fruit  out-of-doors 
at  this  season. 

The  Christmas  Rose  just  referred  to  is  one  of 
those  which  so  flowers  during  the  winter  and 
early  spring  months.  Its  connection  with 
Christmas,  however,  seems  to  be  due  to  the 
period  of  flowering  rather  than  to  any  relation 
with  the  Christian  festival,  notwithstanding  that 
the  plant  is  sometimes  known  as  Christ's  Herb, 
and  in  France  and  Germany  as  the  Rose  de 
Noel,  and  Christwurzel  respectively. 

The  Rose  of  Jericho  is  a  plant  of  a  very  different 
character  and  history  from  the  Christian  Rose. 
It  is  an  annual  plant,  the  Anastatica  hiero- 
chuntica  of  botanists,  and  belongs  to  the  natural 
order  Crucifera;.  It  inhabits  the  deserts  of 
Arabia  and  Egypt,  and,  after  withering,  the 
spreading  branches  roll  themselves  up  into  a 
ball,  and  the  whole  plant  is  detached  from  the 
sand  in  which  it  grows  and  blown  about  by  the 
wind,  the  branches  expanding  again  with  the 
first  rainfall.  At  times  these  plants  are  blown 
out  of  the  loose  sand  in  such  quantities  before 
the  wind  that  it  is  with  much  difficulty  a  horse- 
man can  proceed.  The  plant  is  sometimes 
called  Rose  of  the  Virgin  or  Mary's  Flower,  and 
it  is  said  to  have  first  expanded  or  blossomed  at 
the  birth  of  Our  Lord  ;  that  it  closed  at  the 
Crucifixion,  opening  again  at  Easter  ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  it  has  been  called  Resurrection 
Flower. 

Besides  this,  the  cipsular  fruits  of  Mesembry- 
anthemum  trifolium,  from  South  Africa,  and  the 
entire  plant  of  Selaginella  lepidophylla,  are 
often  called  by  the  name  of  Rose  of  Jericho.  In 
the  case  of  the  Mesembryanthemum  the  fruit, 
which  is  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  opens  in  the  form  of  a  star  when  wet, 
closing  again  as  it  dries  ;  and  the  Selaginella  in 
its  fresh  slate  forms  a  flat  rosette,  which  closes 
up  in  the  form  of  a  ball  when  dry. 

Vet)'  few  words  need  be  said  on  the  Holly,  so 
well  known  is  the  plant  in  connection  with  Christ' 


776 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(December  19,  1885. 


mas  decorations.  The  coinmnn  name  Holly,  or 
Holme,  is  derived  from  the  Anglo  -  Saxon 
Holign,  or,  as  some  writers  assert,  from  the  old 
Norse  Hul/r.  It  has  also  been  called  Holy 
tree,  in  consequence  of  its  use  at  this  time  of 
year — a  name  easily  corrupted  from  Holly.  The 
use  of  Holly  is  said  to  have  been  "derived  from 
the  Romans,  who  were  in  the  habit  of  sending 
boughs  to  their  friends  during  the  festival  of 
the  Saturnalia,  which  occurred  about  the  same 
period  ;  and,  the  Oaks  being  then  bare  of 
leaves,  the  prie?ts  obliged  the  people  to  bring 
in  boughs  of  Holly  and  evergreens.'' 

The  practice  of  decorating  houses  with  Holly 
seems  to  have  been  introduced  by  the  early 
Roman  Christians,  and  this  practice  became  in 
course  of  time  connected  with  the  Christian 
faith.  The  prickly  character  of  the  Holly  leaf 
is  suggestive  of  its  reputed  power  in  driving 
away  evil  spirits,  and  in  many  parts  of  the  Con- 
tinent Holly  branches  are  cut  on  Christmas 
Eve  and  hung  up  in  houses  and  stables  for  this 
purpose.  The  prickles,  of  the  foliage,  the  blood- 
red  colour  of  the  berries,  and  the  word  "holy," 
from  Holly,  are  all  suggestive  of  Christian 
associations,  and  consequently  opposed  to  the 
witches  or  evil  spirits. 

In  Germany  the  Holly  is  known  as  Christ- 
dorn,asit  is  supposed  to  have  formed  part  of  the 
crown  of  thorns  used  at  the  crucifixion  of  our 
Blessed  Lord.  Many  curious  superstitions  are 
connected  with  the  Holly  both  in  this  country 
and  on  the  Continent,  and  it  is  valued  accord- 
ing to  the  abundance  or  scarcity  of  the  fruits  or 
berries.  The  present  season  is  an  exceptional 
one  for  its  very  large  crop,  many  of  the  finest 
trees  and  even  the  clipped  hedges  in  the  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew,  being  thickly  studded,  and  in 
some  cases  laden  with  dense  clusters  of  bright 
scarlet  berries.  The  Holly,  besides  being  found 
naturally  in  copses  and  woods  in  this  country, 
is  found  also  in  other  parts  of  Europe,  from 
Southern  Norway  to  Turkey  and  the  Caucasus, 
and  also  in  Western  Asia. 

The  Sainfoin  (Onobrychis  saliva),  though  a  plant 
that  could  not  at  the  best  of  times  be  used  for  decora- 
tive purposes,  still  less  at  this  time  of  year,  is  to  some 
e.itent  associated  with  the  feast  of  the  Nativity,  for 
we  read  that  in  early  times  it  was  called  Holy  Hay, 
and  a  French  legend  says  that  whilst  the  infant 
Saviour  was  lying  in  the  manger  a  spray  of  rose- 
coloured  Sainfoin  was  found  among  the  dried  grass 
and  herbs  upon  which  he  laid,  when  the  Sainfoin 
suddenly  opened  its  flowers  and  formed  a  wreath 
around  his  head,  greatly  to  the  surprise  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin. 

The  Apple  is  connected  with  Christmas  in  many 
ways  besides  that  of  furnishing  a  dessert  fruit  for  the 
Christmas  table.  A  few  notes  on  this  head  will 
suffice  to  prove  this.  In  the  West  of  England  an 
ancient  custom  still  prevails  of  saluting  the  Apple 
trees  on  Christmas  Eve.  The  ceremony  varies  some- 
what in  different  districts  ;  processions,  however,  ate 
mostly  made  to  one  of  the  principal  orchards,  where 
a  representative  tree  is  selected  and  saluted,  cider 
being  sprinkled  over  it,  and  some  lines  sung  breathing 
hope  in  the  full  bearing  of  the  tree  in  the  coming 
year.  At  the  conclusion  a  dance  is  made  around  the 
tree,  and  the  parly  finish  up  at  the  farmhouse  with 
draughts  of  cider.  In  Sussex  on  Christmas  Eve,  or 
between  that  and  Twelfth  Day,  the  custom  still  exists 
of  wassailing  the  Apple  trees,  which  proceeding  is 
somewhat  similar  to  the  above,  except  that  most,  if 
not  all,  the  trees  are  visited  in  turn. 

In  Derbyshire  it  is  believed  that  if  the  sun  shines 
through  the  Apple  trees  on  Christmas  Day  an 
abundant  crop  of  fruit  is  ensured  :  — "  In  a  Roumanian 
legend,  the  infant  Jesus,  in  the  arms  of  the  Blessed 
Virgm,  becomes  restless,  will  not  go  to  sleep,  and 
begins  to  cry.  The  Virgin,  to  calm  the  Holy  Child, 
gives  him  two  Apples.  The  infant  throws  one  up- 
wards, and  it  becomes  the  moon  ;  he  then  throws  the 
second,  and  it  becomes  the  sun.  After  this  exploit 
the  Virgin  Miry  addresses  him,  and  foretells  that  he 
will  become  the  Lord  of  Heaven." 

The  Cherry  seems  to  have  been  specially  dedicated 
to  the  Blessed  Virgin,  for  tradition  says  that  before 
the  Saviour's  birth  she  asked  St.  Joseph  to  gather  for 


her  some  fruits  that  hung  in  clusters  on  a  tree,  and 
being  refused,  the  Cherry  tree  immediately  bent  its 
branches  downwards  to  enable  her  to  gather  the  fruits 
herself. 

The  tradition  connected  with  the  Glastonbury 
Thorn  is  so  well  known  that  it  will  be  scarcely  neces- 
sary to  repeat  the  story  in  detail,  it  will  suffice  to  say 
that,  when  St.  Joseph  of  Arimathea  arrived  in  this 
country,  he  selected  Glastonbury  as  the  site  for  a 
church,  and  while  preaching  there  stuck  bis  staff— a 
dried  branch  of  Hawthorn— into  the  ground,  where- 
upon it  immediately  grew,  producing  buds  and 
flowers,  and  in  course  of  time  forming  a  large  bush  or 
small  tree  with  a  branching  trunk  which  regularly 
flowered  on  Christmas  Day,  and  thus  commemorated 
the  feast  of  the  Nativity.  The  tree  was  mutilated  by 
a  Tutitan  in  the  lime  of  Elizabeth,  the  man  receiving 
as  a  reward  for  his  bigotry  an  afiliclion  of  blindness 
in  one  eye,  caused  by  some  of  the  prickles  thus 
striking  him.  A  branch  of  the  Glastonbury  Thorn 
was  often  carried  in  procession  at  Christmas  time,  up 
to  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  The  tree  was,  however, 
cut  down  during  the  civil  war,  but  plants  were  raised 
from  the  branches. 

Kegardingthehistoryof  the  Glastonbury  Thorn  since 
the  middle  of  the  last  century,  Folkard  says  :  — 
"When  the  new  style  was  introduced  in  1752,  the 
alteration,  which  consisted  of  omitting  eleven  days, 
seems  to  have  been  very  generally  disliked  by  the 
mass  of  the  people,  the  use  which  was  made  of  the 
Glastonbury  Thorn  to  prove  the  impropriety  of  the 
change  is  not  a  little  curious.  The  alteration  in  the 
Christmas  Day,  which  was  held  that  year  and  since 
on  a  day  which  would  have  been  January  5,  was 
particularly  obnoxious,  not  only  as  disturbing  old 
associations,  but  as  making  an  arbitrary  change  from 
what  was  considered  the  true  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Christ.  In  several  places  where  real  or  supposed 
slips  from  the  Glastonbury  Thorn  existed,  the 
testimony  of  the  plant  against  the  change  was  anxiously 
sought  on  the  first  Christmas  Diy  under  the  new 
style.  As  the  special  distinction  of  the  Thorn  arose 
from  its  supposed  connection  with  the  great  event 
commemorated  on  that  day,  it  was  argued  that  it  must 
indicate  the  true  anniversary,  and  that  its  evidence 
would  be  conclusive  on  the  subject.  The  event  of 
one  of  the  references  (at  (Jjainton,  in  Buckingham- 
shire) is  thus  recorded  in  the  Gentleman's  Maqazine 
for  1753  :—"  Above  2000  people  came  here  this  night 
(December  24,  1752,  N.S.,  being  the  first  Christmas 
Eve  under  the  new  Calendar),  with  lanthorns  and 
candles,  to  view  a  Thorn  tree  which  grows  in  this 
neighbourhood,  and  which  was  remembered  (ihis  year 
only)  to  be  a  slip  from  the  Glastonbury  Thorn,  that 
it  always  budded  on  the  24lh,  was  full  blown  next 
day,  and  went  off  at  night.  But  the  people  finding 
no  appearance  of  a  bud,  it  was  agreed  that  December 
25,  N.S.,  could  not  be  the  right  Christmas  Day,  and 
accordingly  they  refused  going  to  church  or  treating 
their  friends  as  usual.  At  length  the  affair  became  so 
serious  that  the  ministers  of  the  neighbouring  villages, 
in  order  to  appease  the  people,  thought  it  prudent  to 
give  notice  that  the  old  Christmas  Day  should  be 
kept  holy  as  usual.  The  slips  of  the  Thorn  seem  to 
have  been  everywhere  unanimous  in  this  opposition 
to  the  new  style."  Two  trees  that  blossom  during 
the  winter  months  are  said  to  still  exist  at  Glaston- 
bury Abbey. 

A  curious  tradition  is  connected  with  the  Juniper 
in  relation  to  the  infant  Christ.  The  Virgin  is  said 
to  have  fled  with  the  bibe  from  Herod's  soldiers,  the 
rustling  and  crackling  of  the  <_'hick  Peas  and  Brooms 
during  the  flight  betrayed  them.  A  friendly  Juniper 
tree  extended  its  branches  and  gave  shelter  to  the 
mother  and  child.  A  blessing  was  pronounced  on 
the  Juniper  by  the  Virgin,  while  the  Chick  Peas  and 
Brooms,  bting  the  objects  of  her  displeasure  have 
ever  continued  to  rustle  and  crackle.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  blessing  the  Juniper  is  venerated  in 
Italy,  and  branches  of  it  are  used  on  Christmas  Day 
for  the  decoration  chiefly  of  stables  and  cattle  sheds. 

Regarding  the  Star  of  Bethlehem  (Otnilhogalum 
umbellatum),  though  il>  common  name  would  seem 
to  associate  it  closely  with  the  Nativity  it  would 
appear  to  derive  its  name  from  its  pretty  white  star- 
like flowers,  being  likened  to  that  star  which 
announced  the  birth  of  the  Saviour.  It  has  been 
thought  by  some  writers  that  the  bulbous  roots  of 
this  plant  formed  the  dove's  dung  mentioned  in  the 
6Lh  chapter  of  the  2i  book  of  Kings,  the  plant 
being  abundant  in  Palestine,  where,  in  spring,  the 
white  flowers  are  conspicuous  on  the  hillsides.     It  is 


ceitjin  that  the  bulbs  were  at  one  time  used  for  food 
in  Syria,  and  also  in  early  times  in  Italy,  being  dried, 
ground  into  meal,  and  mixed  with  flour  for  making 
bread. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  lengthen  this  paper  with  mere 
references  to  plants  which,  though  connected  with 
Our  Lord  or  the  blessed  Virgin,  are  not  closely 
associated  with  the  Nativity  ;  but  in  conclusion  we 
might  add  to  those  already  mentioned  the  Galium 
verum,  popularly  known  as  Oar  Lady's  Bedslraw, 
from  the  tradition  that  it  was  this  plant  that  filled  the 
manger  at  Bethlehem  in  which  the  infant  Saviour 
was  laid.  John  R.  Jackson,  Miiuum,  Kew. 


SCHISM.\T0GL0TTI5  NEOGUIMErLNSIS,  .V.  E. 
Brown,  n.  sp. 

This  is  the  pretty  foliage  plant  that  was  described 
and  figured  in  V lllmlration  florticole,  iSS,  vol.  xxvii., 
pi.  380,  under  the  name  of  Colocisia  neoguineensis. 
Linden  (to  which  genus  it  doe?  not  belong),  and  I 
find  it  cultivated  at  Kew  under  this  name,  as  well  as 
under  that  of  Schismitogloltis  variegata  (which  is  a 
very  different  plant),  so  that  it  no  doubt  exists  in 
other  gardens  under  these  names.  Having  examined 
the  flowers  I  find  it  is  a  true  Schismatoglottis,  and 
although  the  name  it  will  now  have  to  bear  is  not  an 
enticing  one,  yet  from  a  gardener's  point  of  view 
the  plant  itself  is  attractive.  In  habit  it  is  not  so 
closely  tufted  as  some  of  the  species,  the  rhizame 
being  more  creeping  ;  the  leaves  are  cordate  ovate, 
and  conspicuous  by  their  cheerful  bright  green  colour, 
handsomely  blotched  with  pale  yellowish-green.  The 
following  is  a  description  of  the  plant :  — 

Glabrous.  Rhizome  creeping.  Petioles  9  — 12 
inches  long,  terete,  sheathing  at  the  base,  light  green, 
darker  towards  the  base,  with  a  very  faint  glauc- 
ous tinge.  Blade  of  the  leaf  S  — 9  inches  long,  5— 5J 
inches  broad,  ovate  acute,  deeply  cordate  at  the 
base  with  a  rather  narrow  sinus  gaping  outwards 
in  a  recurved  line  ;  the  basal  lobes  are  slightly 
unequal,  one  being  rather  more  triangular  in  out- 
line than  the  other,  both  are  obtusely  rounded  ; 
upper  surface  bright  green,  marked  in  a  very  irregular 
manner  with  large  pale  yellowish-green  blotches. 
Inflorescence  solitary  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  the 
scapes  are  \\ — 3  inches  long,  enclosed  in  the  sheaths 
•of  the  petioles.  Spathe  pale  greenish,  with  a  narrowly 
ellipsoidal  obscurely  trigonous  tube  I  inch  long,  and 
an  acuminate  limb  l\  inch  long.  Spadix  \\  inch 
long  ;  female  part  cylindric,  slightly  tapering  upward f, 
U  inch  long,  ovaries  pale  greenish-white,  oblong  tri- 
gonous, one-celled,  with  2—4  (usually  3)  parietal 
placentas  bearing  several  ovules,  the  upper  ones  much 
depressed,  and  passing  into  a  few  neuter  organs  at  the 
constriction  of  the  spathe  tube,  stigma  sessile  ;  the 
obconic  male  part  and  slightly  tapering,  obtuse,  barren 
terminal  portion,  form  together  a  stout  milk-white 
clavate  mass,  J  inch  long  and  4—43  lines  thick  at  the 
middle  ;  the  barren  portion  is  densely  packed  with 
smooth  clavate  neuter  organs.  A  native  of  New 
Guinea,  introduced  into  cultivation  by  Mr.  Linden 
about  the  year  1879.  N.  E,  Brown. 

CyRTANTIIUS   HVBSIDUS. 

I  learn  from  Mr.  Ball  that  he  has  also  raised  this 
plrnt  from  a  cross  between  the  same  parents,  but  that 
hi;  plants  are  slightly  different  in  colour  from  those 
raised  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence's  gardener.  It  is 
interesting  to  find  that  a  cross  between  the  same  two 
species,  made  in  different  places  and  by  different  per- 
sons, should  have  produced  the  same  result.  This  is 
of  course  what  one  ought  to  expect,  but  I  do  not  re- 
member to  have  seen  any  similar  case  recorded  beyond 
that  of  Tacsonia  Andersoni  given  by  the  Editor  of  Ihis 
paper,  in  vol.xxiii.,  p.  736  (June 6,  1SS5),  though  pos- 
sibly others  could  be  added.  Thename,  by  iheway,  was 
by  some  mistake  published  as  Cyrtanthus  hybrida  on 
p.  391  of  the  present  volume  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronuk;  it  should  be  C,  bybridus,  N.  E.  Biown, 


December  19,  1885.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


Ill 


THE   HOULLETIAS. 

The  species  of  Houlletia,  although  not  requiring 
great  heat,  cannot  be  said  to  be  cold-house  plants  in 
winter  ;  it  is  therefore  better  to  regard  them  as  cool 
intermediate-house  plants  all  the  year  round,  and  to 
select  for  them  a  moist  shady  corner  of  the  Cattleya- 
house.  The  species  are  all  showy  and  attractive 
when  well-grown,  the  following  being  an  enumera- 
tion of  the  species  in  cultivation  :  — 

H.  Brocklehursiiana. — This  was  the  earliest  intro- 
duced of  the  Houlletias,  it  having  flowered  with 
T.  Brocklehurst,  of  Macclesfield,  in  1S42.  It  has  the 
same  habit  as  the  variety  here  illustrated  (fig.  173), 
but  is  a  still  stronger  grower.  Flowers  yellow, 
barred  and  blotched  with  reddish-brown. 


ceived  this  plant  from  Schomburgh,  and  it  flowered 
with  them  in  1S42.  It  resembles  a  smaller  form  of 
H.  Brocklehurstiana.  Yellow,  streaked  with  deep 
chocolate. 

H.  WalHsii.  —  This,  like  II.  Lowii,  is  unlike 
the  rest  of  the  species  in  appearance,  as  its  flowers 
seem  to  partake  of  the  cup-like  form  of  the  Acineta. 
In  colour  they  are  yellowish-white,  often  dotted  with 
red.  y.  O'Briin. 


FERNERIES. 

It  is  to  be  pitied  that  the  houses  used  for  growing 
Kerns  are  now  filled  with  hardly  any  varieties  except 
those  adapted  for  cutting.  In  going  through  gardens 
you  generally   come    across   one   house  devoted    to 


Fig.    173. — HOULLETIA  ODORATISSIMA  :    FLOWER  OF  NATURAL^SIZE,   PLANT  REDUCED. 


H.  chrysantha  is  also  of  the  same  habit  as  H. 
odoratissima.  It  is  a  beautiful  species,  with  golden- 
yellow  flowers,  the  sepals  being  yellow  at  the  backs 
and  blotched  with  brown  on  the  insides ;  lip  dark 
yellow. 

H,  Lowii, — This  is  very  distinct,  its  flowers  being 
very  unlike  the  H.  Brocklehurstiana  section,  and 
more  resembling  those  of  a  Peristeria.  They  are 
white,  and  very  wax-like  in  appearance.  Flowered 
in  October,  1874,  by  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  cS:  Co. 

fl.  odoratissima  (fig.  173).  —  The  noble  fragrant 
flowers  of  this  species  constitutes  it  one  of  the  hand- 
somest. They  are  often  3  inches  across,  sepals  and 
petals  yellow,  veined  with  brownish-orange ;  lip 
white,  tipped  with  yellow.  Our  illustration  was  taken 
from  a  plant  in  the  gardens  of  Sir  Trevor  l,awrence. 

H.  picta. — This  pretty  species  flowered  with  Bishop 
Sumner,  at  Farnham  Castle,  in  1876.  Flowers  yel- 
low, barred  with  red  ;  lip  with  two  curved  horns. 

II.   vitiata. — Messrs.    Loddiges,   of  Hackney,  re- 


nothing  else  but  Maidenhair  Ferns.  It  surely  ought 
to  be  a  principle  that  every  plant-house  should  be 
more  or  less  of  a  conservatory — I  mean,  have  some 
eye-pleasing  grouping,  something  beyond  mere  rows 
of  pot  plants  on  ascending  staging.  In  the  case  of 
Ferns  particularly  isany  such  nurseryman's  arrangement 
annoying  and  quite  unnecessary.  The  excellent  and 
pretty  method  of  growing  Adiantums  in  soil  held  to 
the  wall  of  a  house  by  wirework  is  not  so  commonly 
adopted  as  it  should  be.  Where  walls  have  been 
thus  covered  there  is  usually  so  ample  a  supply  of 
fronds  for  cutting  that  space  can  be  given  to  the  culti- 
vation of  many  exquisite  gems  of  Ferndom,  which  to 
a  large  enough  proportion  of  utilitarian  professional 
gardeners  are  unknown  quantities.  I  do  not  know 
what  Mr.  Letts,  Lord  Zetland's  gardener  at  Aske, 
thinks,  but  I  question  if,  in  his  whole  collection  of 
show  plants,  there  is  anything  prettier  than  a  large 
Gleichenia  rupestris  glaucescens.  To  repeat  the 
opening  sentence,  an  employer  is  to  be  pitied  who 


would  rather  have  a  row  of  table  decoration  plants 
in  preference.  Let  the  dilklayili  turn  their  affections 
to  the  decoration  of  their  fireplaces,  where  there  is 
ample  scope  for  dainty  devices  and  conceits,  and 
cease  to  make  Ferns  and  Palms  flaccid  in  an  odour 
of  luxury  which  they  cordially  hate. 

Little  ferneries,  intended  primarily  to  supply  cut 
fronds,  can  be  rendered  very  attractive  by  growing 
Ferns  ol  quite  a  different  habit  among  the  Adiantums, 
such,  for  instance,  are  Osmunda  palustris,  the  young 
sprays  of  which  are  very  graceful  and  of  a  delightful 
ruddy  tint  ;  Woodsia  polytrichoides,  Goniophlebium 
appendiculatum,  and  Aspleniums  nobile  and  specio- 
sum.  The  Goniophlebium  has  the  young  fronds 
beautifully  veined,  and  the  two  Aspleniums  are 
worthy  of  culture  both  on  the  grounds  of  uncommon 
growth  and  natural  beauty.  The  fronds  and  pinnae 
of  speciosum  are  covered  thickly  with  short  hairs,  and 
nobile  is  much  prettier  than  the  Fennel  Fern,  which 
it  resembles.  Lovers  of  the  curious  ought  by  no 
means  to  be  without  the  rare  Lomaria  I'Herminieri ; 
this  is  the  Fern  that  makes  such  a  feeble  attempt  to 
imitate  tree  growth,  and  looks  by  the  side  of  even 
such  as  L,  gibba  a  puny  dwarf.  A  plant  twentyyears 
old  in  the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Veitch,  of  Exeter,  is 
only  now  about  a  foot  high  ;  the  fronds,  notwithstand- 
ing, are  very  beautiful,  the  young  ones  assuming  a 
crimson  hue,  much  deeper  than  that  of  Osmunda 
palustris. 

It  is  regtptable  that  the  subordinates  in  many  gar- 
dens seem  to  think  the  same  as  their  chiefs.  Having 
remarked  to  one  that  his  Ferns  looked  healthy,  and 
asked  why  his  master  did  not  grow  other  kinds  besides 
Adiantum  farleyense  and  cuneatum,  the  reply  was, 
"  Not  a  bit  of  good  to  us  ;  we  only  want  those  we 
can  cut."  But  even  if  a  gardener  has  an  employer 
who  is  totally  devoid  of  interest  in  his  greenhouses,  it 
is  quite  within  his  power  to  make  his  ferneries  some- 
thing above  the  average  of  what  can  often  be  seen  in 
the  houses  of  a  working  florist  with  little  or  no  capital. 
C.  A.  M.  Q. 


BERRY-BEARING    PLANTS. 

(Cotltinncd  fnvn  /.  74S.) 

Several  species  of  Vaccinium  are  sufficiently 
distinct  and  ornamental  to  justify  their  being  recom- 
mended for  admission  to  our  gardens.  Of  these  our 
native  Red  Whortle  or  Cowberry,  V.  Vitis-id.'ea,  with 
its  bright'glossy  leaves,  terminal  racemes  of  pale  red 
or  pink  flowers,  which,  under  favourable  circum- 
stances, are  produced  very  abundantly,  and  succession 
of  dark  red  berries  renders  it  one  of  our  prettiest  and 
most  desirable  of  carpet  or  marginal  plants.  The 
berries,  when  undisturbed,  remain  on  the  plant  for 
several  months  after  becoming  ripe,  their  deep  red 
colour  contrasting  strangely  with  the  glossy  green 
Box-like  foliage.  There  is  a  variegated  form  in  cul- 
tivation with  pretty  straw-coloured  foliage,  which  is 
both  a  distinct  and  choice  rock  plant.  V.  myrtillus, 
the  Whortleberry,  or  Bilberry  ;  V.  uliginosum,  the 
Bog  Vaccinium  ;  and  the  Cranberry,  V.  oxycoccus, 
are  all  more  or  less  ornamental  native  species,  and 
whether  in  flower  or  fruit  are  worthy  of  a  corner  in 
the  bog  or  American  garden.  The  latter,  with  its 
slender,  thread-like  branches  and  conspicuous  red 
fruit,  when  seen  trailing  over  some  damp  rocky 
ledge  is  especially  effective. 

Shepherdia  canadensis  and  S.  argentea,  the  Buffalo 
Berry,  are  both  ornamental-fruited  shrubs,  the  latter 
in  particular  having  such  an  intense  silvery  hue  in  its 
foliage  as  to  be  very  striking,  especially  where  asso- 
ciated with  darker  foliaged  plants.  The  berries, 
which  ripen  in  -September,  are  in  size  about  as  large 
as  our  red  Currant,  of  a  deep  scarlet,  and  produced 
in  continued  clusters  along  the  branches  and  twigs  of 
the  plant.  They  are  acid,  but  rich  in  taste,  and  are 
much  relished  in  America,  where  they  are  known 
under  the  name  of  Buffalo  Berries,  Rabbit  Berries, 
and,  particularly  by  the  Indians,  Beef  Suet.  It  should 
be  remembered  that,  as  the  plant  is  dioecious,  those 
of  opposite  sexes  should  be  planted  in  close  con- 
tiguity, or,  better  still,  portions  of  the  staminate  en- 
grafted upon  the  pistillate  plant,  thereby  insuring  the 
production  of  berries.  This  shrub  delights  in  moist 
cool  situations,  although  in  soil  of  average  dryness  it 
succeeds  well,  and  is  dwarfer  in  growth  ;  and  for  the 
foreground  of  ornamental  shrub  groups  the  light 
silvery  foliage  and  edible  scarlet  fruits  render  it  at  all 
times  a  desirable  plant.  In  S.  canadensis  the  leaves 
are  not  so  ornamental,  and  the  yellowish  flowers  are 
succeeded  by  small  orange-red  berries. 


778 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  1885. 


The  different  Roses  are  all  handsome  ia  a  berry- 
bearing  stage,  perhaps  the  finest  in  this  respect  being 
R.  rugo;a,  whose  large  orange-red  hips,  that  are  pro- 
duced freely  enough  during  ihe  autumn  months,  con- 
trast strangely  with  the  bristly  stems  and  bold  rugose 
foliage.  In  R.  spinoiissima  there  is  a  marked  dilTer- 
ence  to  the  latter  in  colour  of  fruit,  these  being  very 
dark;  in  fact,  almost  black  when  fully  ripe.  R. 
lucida  and  R.  cinnamonea  bear  showy  crimson 
berries  ;  while  R,  villosa,  with  its  long  prominent 
bracts,  is  usually  well  covered  with  bright  red  fruits. 

Aucuba  japonica  when  laden  with  its  large  and 
conspicuous  scarlet  berries  is  at  once  one  of  our  most 
beautiful  as  well  as  attractive  shrubs.  Until  of  late, 
in  consequence  of  the  absence  of  male  plants  the  pro- 
duction of  berries  on  the  Aucuba  was  of  rare  occur- 
rence,  but  now  with  care  in  placing  plants  of  opposite 
sexes  in  contiguity  heavy  crops  of  fruit  are  pro- 
duced year  by  year— indeed  this  regular  production  of 
berries  is  somewhat  remarkable,  its  fruit-bearing  pro- 
pensity exceeding  even  that  of  the  Pyracanlha,  and 
that  is  saying  a  good  deal.  The  conspicuous  mottled 
foliage  also  adds  to  the  plant's  beauty,  and  renders  it  a 
desirable  acquisition  for  placing  in  good-sized  clumps 
in  front  of  Liurels  or  other  dark  foliaged  and  larger 
growing  shrubs.     • 

Of  the  Butcher's  Broom,  Ruscus,  several  species 
are  well  worthy  of  cultivation  as  ornamental-fruited 
plant?,  and  of  these  R.  hypoglossum,  a  South  Euro- 
pean species,  when  grown  in  a  cool,  half  shady  shrub- 
bery recess,  is  a  distinct  and  effective  plant.  The 
large  red  Cherry-like  fruit,  produced  on  the  upper 
side  of  the  flattened  branches  (cladodes),  and  sup- 
ported by  the  slender  thread-like  stem,  gives  to  the 
plant  an  appearance  as  uncommon  as  it  is  pretty. 
For  mass  planting  this  dwarf  evergreen  shrub  should 
be  used  extensively,  but  being  somewhat  tender  the 
more  sheltered  corners  of  the  shrubbery  will  suit  it 
best.  It  also  grows  luxuriantly  when  used  as  a  carpet 
for  half  standard  Rhododendrons,  theamount  of  shelter 
thus  afforded  seeming  to  produce  perfect  development 
of  both  fruit  and  flower.  The  Alexandrian  Laurel, 
R.  racemosus,  from  the  extreme  grace  and  beauty  of 
its  foliage — indeed,  of  the  whole  plant — is  also  worthy 
of  select  situations.  In  this  species  the  flowers  are 
in  terminal  racemes,  but  the  berries  are  seldom  pro- 
duced in  such  quantity  as  to  render  them  an  attractive 
feature  of  the  plant. 

Eugenia  Ugni,  a  dwarf,  branching.  Myrtle-like 
shrub,  when  covered,  as  it  usually  is  when  favourably 
situated,  with  its  showy  red  berries,  is  sure  to  attract 
attention.  As  a  wall  plant  we  have  found  it  to  do 
best,  the  warmth  and  protection  thus  afforded  causing 
it  to  flower  and  fruit  well.  A  variety  with  yellow  or 
creamy  variegation,  and  small  delicate  Peach-Uke 
flowers,  is  also  worthy  the  attention  of  those  looking 
out  for  ornamental,  foliaged  small-growing  shrubs. 
A.  D.  IVebsUr. 


FOI^ESTI^Y. 


WORK    FOR    DECEMBER. 

(Concluded  from  f.   7,7.) 

Thinning. — General  forest  thinning  may  now  be 
pushed  on,  hedgerow  trees  removed,  and  dead 
branches  pruned  from  conspicuous  trees  in  the  park 
and  grounds.  In  thinning  trees  a  well-grounded 
knowledge  of  the  principles  of  vegetable  physiology, 
and  the  general  habits  of  trees,  is  very  necessary  for 
the  successful  execution  of  this  important  branch  of 
arboriculture.  Than  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
art  of  thinning  there  is  undoubtedly  no  branch  of 
forest  management  of  greater  importance  in  the  suc- 
cessful rearing  of  timber  trees  for  profit.  When  con- 
ducted on  rational  principles,  and  carried  on 
gradually,  timber  rearing,  even  with  the  present  low 
prices  of  wood  generally,  is  fairly  remunerative— at 
least,  much  more  so  than  where  a  hap-hazard  system 
of  management  is  adopted.  In  thinning  remove  first 
of  all  Ihe  inferior  and  unhealthy  trees,  and  in  young 
plantations  look  more  to  the  future  value  of  the 
timber  than  to  such  as  is  to  be  taken  down.  In 
mixed  plantations  it  is  also  well  to  retain,  as  far  as 
possible,  such  trees  as  are  found  to  be  doing  best  on 
the  various  soils  and  situations  for  the  permanent 
crop.  Avoid,  more  especially  in  exposed  situations, 
opening  up  the  woods  too  much  at  one  time,  serious 
damage  often  resulting  from  a  sudden  rush  of  air  in 
newly  thinned  plantations,  and  to  prevent  which  it  is 
always  advisable  to  leave  the  out<;r  tow  or  rows  of 


trees  thicker  than  those  in  the  interior.  Judicious 
pruning  may  be  said  to  be  productive  of  similar 
results  in  our  woodlands  to  that  of  timely  thinning, 
and  should  in  all  cases  go  hand  in  hand.  The  re- 
moval of  rival  leaders  and  straggling  side-branches 
which  cause  an  undue  preponderance  of  these  on  one 
side  of  the  tree  should  therefore  be  corrected,  dead  or 
twisted  branches  removed,  and  unsightly  wounds 
dressed  over  with  tar  or  paint.  As  soon  as  felling  is 
finished  remove  the  timber  to  the  sides  of  clearance 
roads,  where  it  may  be  lotted  for  sale,  each  species  of 
tree  occupying  a  distinct  lot,  measured  and  valued, 
the  particulars  being  recorded  as  a  convenience  at  the 
time  of  sale.  Firewood  and  branches  should  also  be 
removed,  the  former  lotted  in  about  cartload  size  in 
each,  and  the  latter  converted  into  faggots  for  lire- 
lighting  ;  or,  should  they  prove  worthless  for  such, 
burned  on  the  ground,  thus  preventing  the  hiberna- 
tion of  injurious  rnsects,  and  preserving  a  tidy  appear- 
ance of  the  woodlands.  When  the  plantation  has 
been  cleared  of  all  these,  broken  walls  and  fences 
should  be  at  once  made  right,  ditches  cleared  of  all 
fallen  rubbish,  and  ruts  and  inequalities  on  clearance 
roads  levelled  down  and  sown  with  grass  seeds  in 
eaily  spring. 

Nursery  Woric. 

Few  duties  in  connection  with  nursery  management 
seem  more  simple  and  easily  performed  than  the  lift- 
ing of  plants,  yel  how  often  do  we  find  this  done  in  a 
slovenly  careless  manner !— roots  broken  and  strained, 
as  well  as  unduly  exposed  to  the  drying  influences  ol 
the  atmosphere.  In  well-managed  nurseries  all  these 
should  be  carefully  avoided,  the  plants  being  lifted, 
not  pulled,  from  the  ground,  and  immediately 
*'  sheughed  "  until  wanted  for  use.  By  careful  atten- 
tion to  lifting,  and  never  allowing  the  roots  to 
become  dry,  the  plants  receive  little  or  no  check  by 
transplanting,  but  soon  become  established  in  their 
new  abodes  and  make  rapid  progress  ;  whereas,  on 
the  other  hand,  when  carelessly  lifted,  and  allowed  to 
become  dust-dry  before  planting,  their  chances  of 
success  are  limited  to  a  very  small  degree,  loss  and 
disappointment  being  the  result. 

General  Work. 

Fencing,  hedging,  draining,  and  general  ground 
improvements,  may  now,  during  suitable  weather,  be 
carried  on,  while  the  making  and  repairing  of  roads 
and  walks  will  also  require  attention.  Metalling  that 
had  been  conveyed  to  suitable  positions  during  sum- 
mer may  now  be  laid  on,  blinded  over  with  a  slight 
coating  of  gravel  or  screenings,  and  heavily  rolled 
down  after  wet  weather.  Previous  to  putting  on 
metalling  it  is  in  all  cases  advisable  to  have  the  sur- 
face of  the  road  slightly  loosened  by  picking,  thus,  as 
it  were,  forming  a  bed  for  the  stones,  and  into  which 
thev  soon  become  firmly  pressed  down  and  united  by 
traflic  and  the  timely  application  of  a  heavy  roller. 
Pay  attention  to  all  tree-guards,  as  horses  now  be- 
come troublesome  ;  and  see  that  rabbit-proof  nettings 
are  serving  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  intended, 
that  vermin  are  not  molesting  specimen  trees,  or  com- 
miliing  damage  amongst  the  stock  in  newly  formed 
plantations.  Clear  woodland  drains  and  ditches,  the 
shoals  of  flying  leaves  and  broken  twigs  being  apt 
to  cause  extra  work  during  blusterous  December. 
As  faj.'goti  are  made  cart  them  home  to  the  shed 
used  for  the  reception  of  such  ;  prepare  firewood,  and 
cart  home  all  unsaleable  wood  for  the  manufacture  of 
charcoal.  A.  D.  Webster,  Penrhyn  Castle,  North 
Wales. 

Wood  Sales  in  Kent. 

The  great  underwood  aUd  plantation  sales  now 
being  held  in  Kent  are  going  oflF  very  badly.  The 
depression  in  prices  is  most  severe  in  the  better  class 
of  woods  from  which  hop-poles  are  mostly  supplied. 
The  fall  in  the  price  of  hop-poles  in  consequence  of 
the  low  value  of  Hops  is  quite  unprecedented.  For 
the  best  woods  of  Mid-Kent  the  biddings  have  been 
extremely  slow,  and  fully  30  per  cent,  under  last 
year's  prices.    Journal  of  Forestry. 


THE  PEAR  CONFERENCE. 

We  have  received  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  the  following  abridged  state- 
ment taken  from  the  full  report  of  the  Pear  Confer- 
ence recently  held  at  Chiswick,  and  which  is  not  yet 
sufficiently  advanced  for  publication.  This  extract 
will,  however,  serve  the  purpose  of  disseminating 
useful  information  to  intending  planters  during  the 
present  season,  and  it  is  with  this  object  that  the 
Council  have  decided  upon  giving  it  the  earliest  pos- 
sible publicity.  The  report  has  been  prepared  by 
Mr.  A.  F.  Barron,  and  we  shall  look  forward  with 
interest  to  its  publication. 

The  selection  of  the  present  season  for  the  holding 
of  a  great  Exhibition  and  Conference  on  Pears  in  suc- 
cession to  that  on  the  Apples  in  18S3  proved  to  be 


propitious,  the  crops  of  Peats  throughout  the  country 
being  in  general  very  abundant  and  good.  The  cold, 
dry  summer  was  not  specially  favourable  for  the 
growth  and  development  of  Pears,  and  in  many 
instances  the  fruit  was  much  smaller  than  usual,  espe- 
cially of  the  earlier  varieties.  The  later  varieties 
benefited  greatly  by  the  autumnal  rains,  and  proved 
in  general  of  a  fair  average  character. 

The  response  to  the  invitation  issued  by  the  Council 
proved  of  the  most  satisfactory  character,  the  number 
of  Pears  sent  in  for  exhibition  far  exceeding  the  most 
sanguine  expectations  of  the  committee,  the  exhibi- 
tion being  not  only  large  in  extent,  but  in  all  respects 
a  truly  representative  exhibition  of  nearly  all  the 
varieties  of  Pears  grown  or  cultivated  in  this  country. 
The  total  number  of  exhibitors  taking  patt  in  the 
Conference  numbered  166,  contributions  being  re- 
ceived from  thirty-five  of  the  English  counties,  also 
from  Scotland,  Ireland,  Wales,  and  the  Channel 
Mands,  the  total  number  of  dishes  or  difl'erent  lots  of 
Pears  staged  numbering  6350.  In  addition  several 
large  and  meritorious  collections  were  received  from 
France,  which  proved  of  great  interest. 


Counties, 

2^ 

Counties. 
Nottinghamshire  .. 

02  =s 
w 

Bedfordshire 

r 

63 

4    173 

Berkshire     .. 

4 

66 

Oxfordshire 

I        4' 

Buckinghamshire  .. 

4 

211 

Rutlandshire 

I           23 

Cambridgeshire     .. 

I 

n 

Shropshire  . . 

.       C3 

Cheshire       . . 

2 

82 

Somersetshire 

I       69 

Cumberland 

3 

2    Staffordshire 

2       -53 

Derbyshire  .. 

2 

26  iSuffolkshire 

2        3'i 

Devonshire  . . 

5 

311    Surrey 

17      621 

Essex 

5 

294   Sussex 

8  j  338 

Glouceslershire      . . 

2 

157   Warwickshire 

3       42 

Hampshlie  .. 

2 

II.    Wiltshire     .. 

6      176 

Hereford  shire 

7 

310   Worcestershire      .. 

S      '34 

Hertfordshire 

5 

43,    Yorkshire    .. 

2       69 

Huntinsdonbhir-    .. 
Kent 

■ 

39    „ 

gg   Scottaiid     .. 

16  i  415 

Lancashire  . . 
Leicestershire 

33.  Wales          ..         .. 
j^l  Ireland       .. 

0  103 
2       30 

Lincolnshire 

'  Guernsey    . . 

=  1     33 

Middlesex    .. 

., 

J38,  Jersey         ..         .. 

'  1     ''* 

iMonmouthshirc      .. 

58||        Tot.il    .'. 

t66  6351 

Norfolkshire 

4 

93. 

Northamptonshire 

' 

7a|i  France 

3      262 

The  total  number  of  reputedly  distinct  varieties  of 
Pears  exhibited  subsequent  to  the  corrections  made 
by  the  committee  amounts  to  650. 

An  audit  taken  of  the  whole  of  the  varieties  exhi- 
bited gives  the  following  result  as  to  the  most  favoured 
or  popular  varieties,  Beuric  Diel,  although  only  a 
second-rate  Pear,  standing  at  the  top  of  the  list, 
having  been  exhibited  194  times  ;  Marie  Louise  being 
placed  second,  155  dishes  being  shown  ;  and  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey  third  (132  dishes). 


List  0/ the  Fifty  P, 

tirs  ExliiHieJ  the  Greatest  Nuiiilir 

0/  Tiim-s. 

No,  of 

No.  of 

3i«hcs. 

P.eurr«  Diel 

Comte  de  Lamy    . .         . .     73 

Marie  Louise 

-•   155 

Knights  Monarch            ..     73 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey 

NePlusMeuris     ..         ..     73 

Duchesse  d  AngoulC-me 

Beurre  d'Amanlis..         ..     72 

Winter  Nelis 

..   121 

IJeurrti  Superfin     ..          ..70 

Passe  Colmar 

..   iiS 

Pitm.islon  Duchess          ..     69 

Josephine  de  Maline^ 

Uvedale's  St.  Germain    ..     63 

Bergamotte  d  Esperen 

General  Todtleben           ..     67 

Beutrd  Ranee 

..  108 

Catlllac       .. 

..  108 

Beurre  Bosc          . .         . .     57 

Beurrc  Clairgeau  . . 

..   106 

Thompson's           . .         . .     56 

Doyenne  dii  Cornice 

..    io\ 

Napoleon 55 

Beurre'  Capianmont 

..     S6 

Marie  Louise  d'L^ccIe      . .     51 

Beun-e  d'.^remberg 

..     80 

GIou  Morijcau        .           . .     s3 

Vicar  of  Winkficld 

..      78 

Van  Mons'  L.*on  Leclerc  .     s( 

Chaumontel 

Hnyshe's  Victoria..         ..      ,0 

Beurre- Haidy       .. 

Gansel  s  Bergamot            . .      50 

BeurriJ  Bachclicr  .. 

..     74 

Earonno  de  Mello            ..     50 

In  regard  to  nomenclature,  each  of  Ihe  collections 
ejchibited  was  carefully  examined  by  the  commiltee 
and  corrections  made  where  considered  requisite. 
Errors  of  judgoient  may  in  some  cases  have  occurred, 
due  to  the  altered  appearance  the  same  fruits  often 
assumeunderdifferentconditions, &c.  Sorneothersmay 
have  been  overlooked,  or  their  proper  labels  have  fiut 
misplaced.  Every  endeavour  was,  however,  made  to 
secure  the  most  correct  momenciature  possible.  The 
corrections  made  by  the  committee  have  in  all  cases 
been  sent  direct  to  the  exhibitors.  A  pleasing  feature 
noted  by  the  committee  was  the  general  correctness 
of  the  nomenclature, 


December  19,  1885] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


779 


On  a  general  examination  of  the  whole  of  the  col-  by  the  various  exhibitors,  and   the  selections  of  varie- 

eclions  exhibited,   ami  noting   the  more   prominent  ties  made  Iiy  them  ;  also  a  short  descriptive  catalogue 

varieties    in    each,     the     following      list    has    been  of  the  whole  of  the  varieties  exhibited.  ^. /".  yy^jr/un, 

prepared,  viz.  :^  Secretary  to  the  Connniltcc. 

\i\lr  .t/IIw  imsl  ryomiiimt  !;,rleiies  of  Tears  E.rliUnlct  = 

Alexandra  La,.br.         '^  "" 'TZwl  d=  Ma>i„es  A      SYNOPSIS      OF     THE      SPECIES 

Beuf?"AlL:a:ferL."as               [■Jlu^Bt.S Jer«y  AND    HYBRIDS    OF    NERINE. 

,"    d'Anjou"                          "^'''Tr°.*"e'''''^  ''"°^'  Thf.re  are  many  genera  of  garden  plants  of  which 

'    de  I'Assomptioi'.                 ll'a  ie  Benoi»t  Cultivators  know  far  more  about  the  characters  of  the 

"    2"?.'"^'""'                           ^'•'"■i=  f ""I^"'  , , ,    ,  species  and  their  range  of  variation  and  mutual  rela- 

.,     Baltet,  p^Tc                           Mane  Louise  d  Lccle  ,        ,  .         ,          ,        *^                                                        ,    . 

,,    Hose                                 Nouvelle  Fu  vie  tionships  than    has  ever  been  placed  on    record   in 

"    ^'?",'=  •'"'                          Olmer  des  Serres  botanical  books.     Nerine  is  such  a  genus,  and  as  I 

,,     Die!                                        Passe  Colmar  l          ,       ,     ,                           ■                     ,                  ,       .,- 

,,    Har.'y                                  ,.    Crassane  have  lately  been  attempting  to  work  out  a  classinca- 

•  •    Kance                               Pltmaston Duchess  tion  and  definition  of  its  types  for  the  projected  bulb 

"„    Sterckmans                       Souvenir  du  Congris  volume  of  the  Flora  Capeitsis  I  wish  now  to  lay  the 

,,    Euperfin                            Suffolk  Thorn  result  before  your  readers,  and  to  ask  them  to  supply 

Chaumontel                        •            T^ompson  ji:-        ■           i,-l.,_        ^,       .r^i                            , 

ComtedeLamy                         U.bamste  any  dehcienqies  which  they  find.     The  great  puzzle 

Con-eillerde  laCour                  Van  Mons' L^on  Leclerc  in  determining  the  garden  forms  arises  from  the  fact 

Doyenne  Bousso.h                          Williams' Bon  Chretien  ,u    *                           r  .u                     .1     ■         -    •      .      l    i    -j- 

du  Cornice                         Winter  Ne'is  ^"'^^  ^'^  many  ftjf  thcra  owe  their  origin  to  hybridisa- 

Duchesse  d'Angouleins               Zephi.in  Gr^goire  tion,  and    that  the    parentage   of   these  hybrids  has 

£"5*^16"  Beilrre                                   Stewing  Pears.  not  been   placed   on  record.     I    have   already  ques- 

Emile  d'Heyst                           Beliissime  d'Hiver  tioned  about    the    mailer   several    of   my   most    ex- 

FonT^d'Auwrnne                  Gil'ei^.Gillcs  perienced     horlicultural     correspondents,     especially 

Gansel's  Birjamot                     Crosse  Ca'e-asse  Messrs.     Leichllin,     Elwes,     O'Brien,    and    E.    G. 

General  Todtlcben                     Uvertale's  St.  Germni.,  Henderson    &  S.)n,  and  they  have  helped  me  very 

Ij  ou  IVlor^eau                                   Verulam  .                     y                        r                         j 

Huyshe's  Bergamot                    Vicar  of  Winkfiell  materially.       What    I    wish   to  do   is  to   define  and 

_,         .         _                     .    •         ,.u       1-        .  classify  in  their  proper  position  all  the  forms  to  which 

Of  modern  Pears  or  varieties,  although  not  new,  t    .■                     v         1             •              l  .i.       .l 

...                ,       ,   .                ,,.•..         .1.  Latin    names    have    been    given,    whether   they   are 

which  are  not  yet  m  general   cultivation,   the  com-  •              ■             r        j          ■   ■ 

,      ,  ,.    ^.         .      .         ,  ^            ...  genuine  species  or  of  garden  origin. 
mittee  made  the  following  selection  of  Pears,  which 

are  highly  recommended  for  good  quality,  both  in  Key  to  tiie  Sjiceus. 

flavour  and  bearing  properties,  viz,  : —  Peduncle  long,  slender.     Perianth-limb 

Seascyi  erect.    Stamens  and  style  nearly 

BcurreGimird        August            '  straight. 

Madame  Treyve September  Leaves  green,  straight r.  N.  sarniensis. 

Summer  Beurr(<  dArembcrg      ..         ..            „  Leaves  glaucous,  curved  . .         ..     2.  N.  CURVIFOLIA. 

Clapps  Favourite „  Peduncle  long,   slender.     Perianth-Iirnb 

Pitmaston  Duchess           !!         ..         ..     October.  November  slightly  irfcgular.    Stamens  and 

Beurrc  d'Anjou November  style  decimate. 

,,     Baltet,  pere „  Umbel  centripetal. 

Emile  d'Heyst       ,,  Leaves  4—6,  linearlorate. 

Marie  Benoist        January  Perianth-segments        distinctly)       j.    _,„..,,.,, 

Nouvelle  Fulvie ,  crisped.                                       j  j.  11.  i-i-i-xiu  a. 

Beutr^dejonghe „  Perianth  -  segments          nearly  I        ^    .„„„-. 

L'lnconnue  l.Van  Mons) plain.                                           f4-  --.  ru.j.^A. 

Duchesse  de  Bordeaux February  Leaves  6— 10.  filiform        ..         ..     5.  N.  filifolia. 

Passe  Crassane February,  March  Umbel  centrifugal. 

Olivier  des  Serres ,,  Perianth-segments  about  ^  inch  tg    v    mndui  AT  \ 

long,  much  crisped.  )    '  ^  '  -'       . 

Varieties  recommended  by  the  committee  for  grow-  Perianth-segments  i-iM  inch )      j^  humius. 

,               ,     ^                              '                                          ^  long,  less  crisped.                         f ' 

ing  for  market  purposes  :  —  Peduncle  short!  stout. 

Season.  Leaves  linear,  contemporary  with  In    ^y 

Beason         August  the  flowers                                      (       i^-  Lut-iuA. 

Fertility       September  Leaves    ligulate,   produced    after  I       ,.,     .    . 

Souvenir  du  Congris the  flowers.                                        f  9.  N.  M.ARGIN  ATA. 

Marie  Louise  d  Uccle October,  November 

Durondcau  or  De  TonErcs          ,               „  DeSCRHTHJNS  OF    THE  SPECIES. 

Of  new  varieties,    the   Conference  Pear  exhibited  i.  N.  sarniensis,  Herb.  App.  19.— Bulb  ovoid,  i!  — 

by    Mes-rs.    Rivers   &    .Son    (season,     October)   was  2  inches  diameter  ;,tunics  pale  brown.  Leaves  about  six, 

awarded  a  First-class  Certificate.  bright  green,  subercct,  not  curved  laterally,  developi;d 

In  the  collections  of  varieties  exhibited  from  France,  with  or  a  little  after  the  flowers,  linear,    finally  about 

and  not  yet   proved  in  this  country,    the  committee  a  foot  long,  \  —  '\  inch  bro.id.     Peduncle  slender,  rather 

recommended  the  following  as   worthy  of  introduc-  compressed,   i~iV  foot  long.     Umbel  10-20  flowered, 

tion; centripetal;    pedicels    i — i^   inch  long;    spathe-valves 

ovate-lanceolate,  i^ — 2  inches  long.     Ovary  green,  glo- 

Beurre  Dumont October  bose-trigonous,    ],   inch    diam.^ter.       Perianth    suberect, 

Madame  Andre  Leroy       ..                     ..     No^■elnber  ,         1  -      l  ,         V  -    ,  .      ■                               .       l,             1    . 

President  Mas        ..                            i  I  J— 1  i  inch  long,  bright  crimson  ;  segments  oblanceolatc. 

President  d'OsnianviUe !'  i  incli  broad,  equally  falcate,   little  crisped.     Filaments 

,,      ,.         ,    ,               ,  ,               ...  erect,  bright   red,    little  longer   than  tlie  perianth-seg- 

No   list   of  the  worthless    varieties  has  been  pre-  ments  ;  anthers  oblong,   ^,   inch  long.     Style  straight, 

pared,  it   being  deemed  sufficient   in  this  report  to  nearly 2  inches  long.— Kunih,  Enum..  v.,  617.  Amaryllis 

notify  those  that  are  worthy  ot  cultivation.  sarniensis,  Linn.,  Sp.,  421  ;  Curt,   Bot.    Mag.,   t.  294  ; 

Without  entering  into  comparison  of  ihe  merits  of  Red.  Lil.,  t.  35  ;  Jacq.   Hon.  Schcen.,  i.,  34,  t.  66.     A. 

the  different  colleclions  exhibited,  it  is  important  to  dtibia,  Houll.  Pflanz.  Syst.,  xii.,  181,  t.  84,  fig.  1.    Hae- 

notify  this  fact— that  the  cultivation  of  good  Pears  is  manthus  sarniensis,  Thunb.  Prodr.,  58  ;  Fl.  Cap.,  edit, 

not  confined  to  any  particular  climate  or  district  of  2,   298.      A.    Jacquinii,    TratL]  Gartenfl.,   43.     Nerine 

the  country.     If  we   take  the  magnificent  examples  Jacquinii,    Room.  Aniaryll,    105.      Imhofia  sarniensis, 

from  M.  Cornu,  of  Jersey,  as  the  result  of  good  and  Salisb.  Gen.,  118. 

careful  cultivation,  we  have  their  equals  produced  by  '^'"■-  ^-  P^"""-  Hort.-Diff  rs  from  the  type  in  the 

Mr.    Haycock  and   by  Mr.   Thomas,    in   Kent    and  <=o'™i- of  the  flower  being  a  duller  crimson,  the  segments 

„i ,  .  f  ,1         -   ,       iL*      \\r\3      -.L     •      TT          ,-  more  distinctly  unguiculate  and  the  peduncle  longer. 

closely  followed  bv  Mr.   Wildsmith,  in  Hampshire,  ,,        ,,             7      tj    u      a                  t 

,     ,,        Ti            '  •       c                1,,              ,          .     .  var.   N,    venusla,    Herb.,  App.,  19. — Leaves   green, 

and    Mr.    Breeze     m    Sussex      Many  other   single  Flowers  bright  scarlet,  produced  earlier  than  in  any  of 

examples    throughout    the  exhibition    were    equally  ,he  other  varieties.    Ker,  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1090.    Imhofia 

meiitorious.     No  one  failed   to  remark  on  the  excel-  venusta,  Salisb.  Gen.,  u8.     N.  profusa,  Hort. 

lence   of  the  examples    from    Lord    Chesterfield,    in  Var.  A^.  ratiz.  Herb.,  App.,  19.— Leaves  darkergreen 

Derbyshire,  or  those  further  north  still  from  Mr.  Dal-  than  in  the  type.     Flowers    rose-red.     Seeds  oblong, 

rjmple,  St.  Boswell's,  Scotland,  which  were  probably  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2124.     Imhofia  rosea,  Salisb.  Gen.,  118. 

the  most  meritorious  of  all.     Nothing  contributed  so  Var.  N.  corusen.   Herb.    App.,   19. — Bulb  tunics  not 

much  to  these  successful  results  as  good  and  careful  chaffy.     Leaves  broader  than  in  the  type,  bright  green 

cultivation.      As  a  general  rule,   the  best  fruits   are  «'ih  distinct  cross-bars  between  the  main  veins.     Flowers 

produced  where  the  greatest  care  is  bestowed.     An  ''"R'^'  bright  scarlet,  resembling  those  of  N.  curvifolia, 

important  factor  in  the  successful  cultivation  of  the  ""''■  Amaryll.,  283  ;  Kunth.  Enum.,  v.  617.     Amaryl- 

Pear  is.  as  gathered  from  the  returns,  in  the  use  of  the  '"  ''"""='■,  '^'''"J;  '"  "??''  ^'-''g'  ^''b  «•  '^o.    A.  humilis. 

Quince  stock,    which,  from  its  close  surface-rooling  ^Z^'J^^'r      '"    t  m  Ti'  \   '°^\-   S           ™"""''' 

\         ,         .                1-'      ,                ,  ,    ,      ,                -     ^  'Salisb.,  Gen.,  ii8.     N.  Meadovvbankii,  Hort. 

character    is  more  directly  amenable  to  the  attentions  Hab..  Southern  Provinces,  Thimberg,  Burchell.  i8r6  ; 

ot  the  cultivator.                       _     ^  Ecklon,    Rev.   Wni.   Rogers.      Commonly  cultivated  in 

^  A  general  detailed   report  is  in  course  of  prepara-  F.uropean  gardens  under  the  name  of  the  Guernsey  Lily. 

tion,    but   which    will   necessarily   take   some    time.  N.  insignis,   Hort.    Leichllin.  is  also  a   variety  of  this 

This  will  contain  the  cultural  and  othernotes  supplied  species. 


2.  N.  cuRViroLtA,  Herb.,  App.,  19.— Bulb  ovoid, 
ij — 2  inches  in  diamelei' ;  tunics  pale  brown.  Leaves 
six,  developed  after  the  flowers,  linear-lorate,  curved 
laterally,  thicker  in  texture  than  in  N.  sarniensis,  glau- 
cous, cbsely  veined,  a  foot  long,  \ — 4  Inch  broad. 
Peduncle  slender,  glaucous,  i — 1|  foot  long.  Umbel 
8— i2-flowered,  centripetal;  pedicels  i — \\  inch  long; 
spathe-valves  about  as  long  as  the  pedicels.  Ovary 
globose-trigonous,  \  inch  in  diameter.  Perianth  erect, 
bright  scirlet,  i^ — \\  inch  long  ;  segments  obtanceolate, 
\  inch  broad,  equally  falcate,  but  little  crisped  ;  stamens 
sulierect,  about  as  long  as  the  perianth-segments.  Style 
suberect,  finally  2  inches  long. — Herb.  Amaryll.,  283,  t. 
36,  fig.  4,  t.  45,  fig.  3  ;  Kunth,  Enum.,  v.  616.  Amaryl- 
lis curvifolia,  [acq.  Hort.  Schcen,,  i,,  33,  t.  64  ;  Gawl. 
in  Bot.  M^g.,  t.  725  ;  Red.  Lil.,  t.  274.  Imhofia 
glauca,  Salisb.  Gen.,  118. 

Var.  N.  Foihergilli,  Roem.,  Amaryll.,  104. — More  robust  * 
in  all  its  parts  than  the  type.  Leaf  broader.  Flowers 
in  an  umbel,  more  numerous,  between  crimson  and 
scarlet.  Amaryllis  FothergilH,  Andr.,  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  163. 

Hab. ,  Southern  Provinces.  Common  in  European 
gaidens,  where  it  flowers  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
September. 

3.  N.  FLEXQOSA,  Herb,,  App.,  10, — Bulb  subglobose,_ 
i\  inch  diameter.  Leaves  4—6,  contemporary  with  the 
flowers,  linear-lorate,  arcuate,  bright  green,  \ — %  inch 
broad,  sometimes,  but  not  always,  rough,  with  pustules. 
Peduncle  slender,  subterete,  slightly  glaucous,  flexuose, 
sometimes  2 — 3  feet  long.  Flowers  10— 20  in  a  centri- 
petal umbel  ;  pedicels  slender,  i — 2  inches  long  ;  spathe- 
valve  lanoeolate,  as  long  as  the  pedicels.  Ovary  globose- 
trigonous,  L  inch  in  diameter.  Perianth-limb  generally 
pale  pink,  i — 1\  inch  long,  cut  down  very  nearly  to  the 
ovary  ;  segments  oblanCeolate,  crisped.  \  inch  broad. 
Stamens  declinate,  the  three  longer  ones  rather  shorter 
than  the  perianth-limb  ;  anthers  oblong,  claret-red, 
\ — J  inch  long.  Style  declinate,  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
— Herb.,  Amaryll.,  283  ;  Kunth,  Enum.,  v.,  619.  Ama- 
ryllis flexuosa,  Jacq.  Hort.  Schcen.,  i.,  35,  t.  67  ;  Willd. 
Sp.  Plant.,  ii.,  60;  Ait.,  Hort.  Kew.,  edit.  2,  il.,  229  ; 
Ker  in  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  172.  N.  excellens,  Moore  in 
Florist,  1882,  52,  t.  567. 

Var.  lY.-Sandersoni,  Baker.— Peduncle  and  pedicels 
more  robust.  Leaves  an  inch  broad.  Perianth  i^  inch 
long  ;  segments  less  crisped  and  more  distinctly  united 
in  a  cup  at  the  base. 

Var.  N.pidchtlli,  Heib.,  App.,  19. — Leaves  glaucous, 
firmer  in  texture  than  in  the  typ?.  Peduncle  not  flexu- 
ose. Perianth-segments  pale  pink,  with  a  rose-red  keel. 
Stamens  and  style  whitish. — Herb,  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2407 
Kunth,  Enum.,  v.,  629. 

Var.  N.  anguitifolia.  Baker. — Like  the  last,  but  leaves 
not  above  ^ — \  inch  broad,  and  pedicels  pubescent.  N. 
pulchella  var.  angustitolia,  Baker  in  Ref.  Bot.,  t.  329. 

Hab.,  Southern  Provinces,  Burchell,  2989  ;  mountains 
of  Somerset  east,  4000—5000  feet,  Bolus,  2202  ;  Natal, 
Wood,  157  ;  Rehmann,  7320  ;  McKen.  Var.  Sander- 
son!, Tran-ivaal,  Sanderson.  Vir.  pulchella,  Mac- 
owan,  1549.  Var.  angustitolia,  Boschberg,  4000 — 5000 
feet,  Macowan,  1889  ;  Orange  Free  Stale,  Cooper,  3221. 

p,  G,  Bakcr^  A'ezu  Herbariuvi. 

[To  be  continued.) 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 

Tkees  and  Shrubs  Suitable  FOii  the  Sea- 
side.—  In  proceeding  to  consider  the  various  trees 
and  shrubs  which  experience  has  proved  to  be  useful 
in  resisting  direct  expDsure  to  the  sea  blast,  some  of 
the  principal  difficulties  with  which  the  planter  has 
to  contend,  and  which  occasionally  frustrate  his  best 
attempts,  may  be  briefly  pointed  out.  The  chief 
consideration  in  seaside  planting  is  unquestionably 
shelter,  for  it  may  be  noticed  anywhere  along  our 
coast  that  wherever  the  direct  force  of  the  hurricane 
is  broken  there  trees  and  shrubs  are  tallest  and  most 
luxuriant.  Another,  and  perhaps  ■,  the  principal, 
evil  with  which  one  has  to  contend,  is  the  injurious 
cfi'ict  caused  to  trees,  but  more  particularly  evergreen 
shrubs,  by  the  saline  particles  which  are  driven  and 
deposited  with  such  force  on  the  leaves  and  branches 
as  in  many  instances  to  give  them  the  appearance  of 
having  been  scorched  or  cut  over  when  in  full  vigour 
by  an  untimely  frost.  Wind-shaking,  although  a 
minor  evil,  must  also  be  carefully  guarded  against,  so 
that  at  the  outset  it  is  well  to  have  all  trees,  unless 
such  as  are  of  a  dwarf  size,  securely  staked  and  tied 
so  as  to  obviate  the  dire  results  occasioned  to  the 
roots  of  newly-planted  trees  when  thejstems  are  allowed 
to  rock  to  and  fro  with  the  wind,  My  object  in  the 
present  paper  is,  however,  not  so  much  to  point  out 
the  methods  adopted  for  obtaining  shelter,  as  to 
bring  under  notice  such  trees  and  shrubs  as  are  well 
suited  for  seaside  planting,  and  also  to  show  that  the 
monotonous  repetition  of  some  half-a-dozen  kinds, 
which  for  centuries  have  been  known  as  suitable,  is 


78o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


by  no  means  necessary,  there  being  numbers  of 
plants  equally  well  adapted  for  embellishing  our 
seaside  grounds  and  gardens— in  fact  that,  with  careful 
manipulation,  there  is  scarcely  a  limit  to  the  number 
of  species  that  may  be  successfully  cultivated.  Before 
commencing  planting  operations  on  the  seacnast  (I 
am  not  here  referring  to  drifting  sands  or  large  areas 
of  ground,  but  principally  to  the  smaller  tenements 
that  are  so  common  along  our  shores),  the  preliminary 
step  is  to  erect  a  barrier  of  some  kind,  which  will 
intercept  the  violence  of  the  wind  and  act  as  a  screen 
or  shelter  to  the  young  plants.  For  this  purpose 
various  kinds  of  erections  are  equally  suitable,  but 
that  generally  adopted,  and  which  ultimately 
turns  out  the  least  unsightly,  is  a  raised  mound 
of  turf  and  soil,  of,  say,  6  feet  in  height, 
and  of  sufficient  width  atop  to  allow  of  the 
planting  of  a  double  or  treble  line  of  Quicks. 
This  is  in  most  cases  easily  formed,  costs  but 
little,  and  if  not  equally  efficacious,  is  certainly 
far  more  ornamental  than  a  dead  stone  wall.  Imme- 
diately behind  this  screen  pits  of  not  less  than  2  feet 
in  diameter,  and  about  18  inches  in  depth,  may  be 
opened,  and  all  the  better  if  so  for  a  winter  previous 
to  being  planted.  The  bottom  and  sides  of  each  pit 
should  be  well  loosened  with  a  pick,  and  if  the  soil 
is  found  of  inferior  quality,  or  of  an  unkindly  nature,  it 
will  be  well,  more  especially  where  it  can  readily 
be  obtained,  to  add  a  spadeful  or  two  from  some 
adjoining  old  hay-field. 

March  or  April  will  be  quite  soon  enough  to  com- 
mence planting  operations,  an  early  start  at  growth 
being  much  in  favour  of  young  trees  that  have  but 
recently  been  transferred  to  the  sea  coast.  The 
plants  to  be  used  should  not  exceed  3  feet  in  height, 
but  should  be  of  strong  growth  in  proportion  to  their 
size,  and  supplied  with  an  abundance  of  fibrous  roots  ; 
lanky,  ill-grown  plants  have  but  a  poor  chance  of 
succeeding  under  such  adverse  circumstances.  In 
planting  keep  the  strongest  roots  seaward,  and  do  not 
place  the  trees  at  a  greater  depth  in  the  soil  than  they 
stood  whilst  in  the  nursery  border,  this  latter  being 
an  oft-committed  mistake,  that  is  productive  of  any- 
thing but  favourable  results.  A  stout  stake  should 
then  be  driven  close  to  the  stem  of  each  on  the  ex- 
posed side,  and  to  which  the  plant  is  firmly  united  by 
strong  matting  or  teased-out  tar-rope,  and  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  insure  against  chafing  or  rubbing. 

In  the  first  line  or  lines  of  pits  next  to  the  screen 
fence  the  trees  best  adapted  for  withstanding  the  first 
brunt  of  the  sea  breeze  are  the  Elm,  Sycamore,  and 
Willow  amongst  hard-woods  ;  while  of  Pines,  the 
Pinaster  and  its  smaller  variety  maritima,  the  Aleppo 
or  Jerusalem  Pine,  insignis,  Laricio,  austriaca,  and 
our  native  sylvestris,  are  decidedly  superior  to  any 
others.  Regarding  the  merits  of  the  Pinaster  for  sea- 
side planting  it  would  be  almost  superfluous  for  me  to 
speak,  while  the  Elm  and  Sycamore  send  out  their 
strong  branches  into  the  very  teeth  of  the  blast  and 
are  known  as  being  particularly  well  adapted  for  such 
situations.  On  the  Isle  of  St.  Marguerite,  opposite 
Cannes,  the  Aieppo  Pine  (P.  halepensis)  grows  with 
its  roots  down  even  to  the  salt  water,  and  there,  with- 
out a  shadow  of  harm,  withstands  the  most  terrific 
sea  gales.  Unfortunately,  it  is  somewhat  tender,  but 
in  many  maritime  situations  along  our  coast  line  it 
would  no  doubt  do  well.  A.  D.  IVclisler,  Penrhyn 
Castle. 

Styrax  japonicum. 
The  genus  Styrax,  which  gives  its  name  to  the 
order  Slyracex,  contains  about  sixty  species,  and  is 
widely  dispersed  throughout  both  hemispheres.  It  is 
nearly  allied  to  Halesia,  the  *'  Snowdrop  tree"  or 
"Silver-bell  tree"  of  the  Eastern  United  States. 
The  greater  number  of  species  occur  in  the  warmer 
regions  of  Asia  and  America,  and  so  far  none  have 
been  found  in  Tropical  or  Southern  Africa  or  in  Aus- 
tralia. S.  officinale  is  a  shrub  or  small  tree  from 
South-eastern  Europe  and  Asia  Minor,  but  is  tho- 
roughly naturalised  in  many  places  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean region.  It  furnishes  storax,  a  fragrant  resin 
which  was  known  to  the  ancients.  This  and  the 
three  North  American  species  which  are  mentioned 
in  Loudon's  Arboretum^  are  now  rarely  met  with  in 
English  gardens.  This  is  no  doubt  due  to  the  fact 
that  they  cannot  be  counted  upon  as  hardy  except  in 
favoured  spots  in  the  Southern  Counties.  In  all  pro- 
bability S.  japonicum  is  hardier  than  those  just  men- 
tioned ;  at  any  rate  it  has  grown  for  many  years  on  a 
cild,  gravelly,  clayey  bank  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  pic- 
turesque nursery  at  Coombe  Wood.  It  also  makes  a 
fine  object  when  grown  in  pots  for  cool  conservatory 


decoration.  A  glance  at  the  illustration  given  in 
Gardeners^  Chronicle,  December  12,  1SS5,  will  show 
what  a  beautiful  shrub  it  is.  The  long-stalked, 
scented,  snowy  flowers  are,  when  in  bud,  not  unlike 
those  of  the  Orange,  but  instead  of  being  borne,  as 
in  that  plant,  on  rigid  erect  peduncles,  they 
are  quite  pendulous.  When  fully  expanded 
the  golden-yellow  anthers  form  a  pleasing  con- 
trast with  the  pure  white  corollas.  In  Siebold 
and  Zuccarini's  flota  Japoniea  it  is  stated  that  the 
species  now  under  notice  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  Japanese  shrubs,  and  that  it  is  abundant  in  South 
Japan,  where  it  thrives  on  hillsides  and  on  the 
borders  of  woods — attaining  a  height  of  about  6  feet, 
and  flowering  in  May — at  an  elevation  of  from  300  to 
1200  feet  above  sea-level.  In  the  pleasure  gardens 
and  around  the  temples,  where  it  is  largely  planted, 
it  grows  more  vigorously  and  to  a  greater  size  than  in 
a  wild  state.  The  hard  white  wood  is  used  for  turnery 
a  and  all  sorts  of  carving  purposes.  S.  japonicum,  in 
the  Flora  of  British  India,  is  united  by  Mr.  C.  B. 
Clarke  with  Roxburgh's  S.  serrulatum,  but  it  is  a 
much  handsomer  plant,  and  for  garden  purposes 
abundantly  distinct.  S.  Obassia,  another  Japanese 
species,  recently  introduced  by  Messrs.  Veitch,  is  a 
vigorous  growing  large-leaved  shrub  with  a  racemose 
inflorescence ;  this  will  no  doubt  prove  a  great 
acquisition  to  British  gardens.   G.  Nicholson,  Kew. 


This  is  composed  of  granular  tissue,  but  at  and 
towards  the  apex  is  covered  with  glands,  leaf-like  or 
scale-like  appendages,  as  well  as  curiously  noduled 
hairs.  Fig,  17S  is  another  form  of  prothalloid  growth, 
showing  seven  or  eight  archegooia,  and  a  thickening 
of  the  substance  of  the  prothalloid  growth,  from  which 
I  have  no  doubt  another  prothallus  would  have  been 
projected.  Fig.  179  shows  a  triple  prothallus  from 
the  tip  of  a  pinnule.  Fig.  iSo,  the  same  greatly 
magnified  at  a  rather  later  date,  in  which  will  be 
seen  at  E,  the  prothallus  doubled,  and  at  F, 
the  commencement  of  a  further  growth.  Fig.  181  is 
a  pinna  laid  down  by  J.  W.  Morris,  Esq.  (mentioned 
in  a  letter  May  7,  1SS5),  on  which  will  be  seen  three 
or  more  of  the  true  Fern  growth  further  advanced, 
and  more  so  at  fig.  1S2. 

I  must  now  thank  my  kind  friends.  Col.  Jones, 
Charles  T.  Druery,  H.  M.  Stoltenhoff',  and  J.  W. 
Morris,  Esquires,  for  the  interest  they  have  shown 
and  the  great  assistance  they  have  been  to  me  in  my 
experiments,  more  particularly  the  last  named  gentle- 
man, who  is  the  first  and  only  person  who  has  suc- 
ceeded in  raising  the  true  Fern.  Geo.  B,  Wollastdn, 
Bishop's  IVeU,  Chiskhiirst,  A'ov.  12. 


APOSPORY. 

Following  up  Mr.  Charles  T.  Druery's  exhaus- 
tive pamphlet  on  Apospory  in  Ferns,  read  before  the 
Bristol  Naturalists'  Society  (reprinted  from  the  So- 
ciety's Proceedings,  vol.  iv. ,  part  3,  18S4 — 1S85),  I 
am  induced  from  sundry  jottings  over  a  period  of 
hirty  years  to  give  the  public  the  benefit  of  my  obser- 
ritions  on  certain  abnormal  growths  of  some  of  our 
British  Fern  varieties.  This  prothalloid  growth,  very 
aptly  referred  to  "apospory,"  is  one  of  the  most  won- 
derful in  which  Dame  Nature  shows  off  her  vagaries. 

As  long  ago  as  May  4,  1855  (extract  from  my 
diary),  I  observed  on  Polypodium  vulgare  var.  omni- 
lacerum,  Bennett,  a  very  remarkable  membranaceous 
or  prothalloid  growth  from  lash-like  elongations  on 
the  apices  of  the  serrate  lobes,  on  the  summits  of 
which  there  were  evident  incipient  germs  in  the  form  of 
discolorations  of  the  tissue.  Some  of  these  I  removed 
from  the  plant  and  layered  in  damp  sandy  soil  under 
a  bell-glass,  but  eventually  no  young  Ferns  were  pro- 
duced. On  May  7  of  the  same  year  I  communicated 
these  facts  to  Mr.  Thomas  Moore,  curator  of  the 
Botanic  Gardens  at  Chelsea,  and  also  to  Mr.  William 
Bennett,  the  finder  of  the  Fern. 

I  mentioned  this  to  show  that  the  subject  on 
which  I  am  going  to  treat  is  not  new  to  pteri- 
dologists  but  that  it  has  been  allowed  to  fall  into 
abeyance  until  the  present  time,  when  this  and  other 
kindred  anomalies  are  exciting  great  interest  in  the 
botanical  world. 

The  Fern,  the  subject  of  this  paper,  is  named 
Polystichum  angulare  var.  pulcherrimum,  Padley, 
and  was  discovered  in  North  Devon  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Padley  more  than  twenty  years  ago.  A 
specimen  of  it  was  first  exhibited  when  I  read  the 
opening  address  of  the  first  Pteridological  Congress 
at  Darlaston  Hall,  Co.  Stafford,  the  seat  of  the  late 
Swynfen  Jervis,  Esq.,  on  August  33,  1865,  when  I 
made  remarks  on  its  specialties,  such  as  the  unusual 
form  of  cristation,  this  doubtless  being  what  is  now 
known  as  the  prothalloid  growth. 

It  will  convey  to  general  readers  a  better  idea  of 
the  abnormal  if  I  first  give  the  characteristics  of  the 
normal  plant.  The  plant  attains  the  ordinary  size  of 
Polystichum  angulare,  and  the  frond  is  of  the  usual 
outline,  as  are  also  the  outlines  of  the  pinnae,  but  the 
pinnules,  which  are  generally  normal  on  the  upper  or 
anterior  side,  are  flabellulate  and  pedicellate  on  the 
under  or  posterior  side  ;  they  are  also  greatly  extended 
and  curved  upwards,  giving  the  pinnule  a  falcate  or 
sickle-shaped  outline.  The  prothalloid  growth  about 
to  be  described  obtains  pretty  equally  on  all  parts  of 
the  fronds. 

Fig.  174,  which  is  full  size,  shows  the  general 
characteristics  from  a  pinna  with  some  of  the  pro- 
thalloid or  aposporous  growths,  and  the  very 
beautiful  habit  on  account  of  which  the  name  of 
the  variety,  pulcherrimum,  has  been  given. fjFigs.  175 
and  1 76  are  greatly  enlarged  pinnules,  which  show  the 
prothalloid  excrescences  more  fully.  Fig.  177,  being 
still  more  highly  magnified,  shows  the  remarkable 
and  most  interesting  club-shaped  form  at  fig.  175,  B. 


|loili»ls'    flottt^ra. 


DAHLIAS  IN  1885. 

I  THINK  it  was  generally  admitted  that  the  Dahlias 
shown  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  September  were  very 
much  finer  on  the  whole  than  could  have  been  ex- 
pected, regard  being  had  to  the  prolonged  drought 
which  prevailed  during  the  summer.  In  localities 
where  the  drought  was  most  keenly  felt,  the  flowers 
were  undersized,  and  somewhat  rough  also  ;  but  the 
Northern  flowers  were  as  large  as  usual,  although  the 
dry  summer  was  felt  in  many  parts  of  the  North  as  in 
the  South.  The  usual  mulching  was  never  put  upon  the 
ground  in  which  ths  Salisbury  Dahlias  were  grown  ; 
a  heap  of  manure  was  lying  ready,  but  Messrs.  Keynes 
&  Co,  waited  for  the  rain  which  did  not  come  until 
it  was  useless  to  apply  it.  They  were  freely  watered, 
but  the  parched  soil  drank  up  eagerly  any  water  that 
wa<^  poured  over  the  plants,  and  in  a  few  hours  ap- 
peared to  be  as  greedy  for  moisture  as  ever.  Perhaps 
something  was  due  to  what  is  generally  recognised  by 
Dahlia  growers  as  an  acknowledged  fact,  that  the 
improvement  made  in  the  newer  varieties  has  also 
resulted  in  causing  them  to  be  "easier  to  get" 
than  they  were  a  few  years  ago. 

In  passing  in  review  some  of  the  Dahlias  seen 
during  the  past  season,  it  must  not  be  forgotten,  as  pre- 
viously stated,  that  it  was  a  peculiarly  trying  one. 
Not  only  did  drought  affect  the  plants,  but  many  of 
them  were  infested  with  the  black-fly,  and  there  was 
great  need  for  drenching  showers  to  cleanse  them. 
When  atmospheric  conditions  are  favourable  to  the 
increase  of  this  pest,  and  showers  do  not  fall,  it  is 
hard  and  unceasing  labour  to  keep  the  flowers  clean  ; 
therefore,  it  may  fairly  be  assumed  that  varieties 
that,  despite  adverse  circumstances,  were  in  good 
form  during  the  summer  of  1S85,  are  those  worthy 
of  being  cultivated. 

That  constant  pure  white  flower,  Annie  Neville, 
must  be  set  down  as  a  very  useful  variety.  Cardinal, 
rich  scarlet,  was  a  little  undersized,  but  very  bright 
and  thoroughly  constant,  good  outline  centre  and 
petal,  and  dwarf  habit  of  growth  ;  Condor  is  of  a 
very  peculiar  colour — bufif,  shaded  with  orange, 
very  fine  and  constant,  good  petal  and  centre, 
but  small,  owing  to  the  droui^ht  ;  Constancy, 
yellow  ground,  deeply  edged  with  lake,  is  both 
good  and  pleasing,  and  decidedly  useful  for 
exhibition  purposes.  Earl  Radnor,  an  intense  plum- 
coloured  self,  was  very  fine  as  usual.  Georgina 
was  very  late,  which  should  be  noted — it  was  not  even 
in  bloom  by  the  third  week  in  August  ;  it  is  a  good 
useful  creamy-white  self  when  caught,  dwarf  habit, 
and  the  flowers  thrown  up  well  on  erect  stems. 
Henry  Walton,  yellow,  deeply  edged  with  vermilion, 
is  very  constant,  and  always  useful  to  the  exhibitor; 
Herbert  Turner  is  a  good  white  self,  but  apt  at  times 
to  come  with  the  petals  somewhat  curled  ;  Hope, 
light  rosy-lilac,  was  a  favourite  flower  with  the  late 
Charles  Turner  :  he  could  thoroughly  appreciate  its 
good  constant  qualities ;  Imperial  is  a  good  and 
useful  deep  purple  self,  sometimes  lit  up  with  a  pretty 
shade  of  lilac  ;  James  Cocker,  a  large  purple  self,  is 


December  ig,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


781 


Fig.  i3i. 
APOSPORY    IN    FERNS.  .  (See  p. 


782 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


one  of  the  most  constant  of  Dahlias,  and  can  always      yet  each  winter  the  whole  of  the  stock  that  is  big 
be  depended  upon  ;  the  same  can  be  said  of  James      enouRh   to   plant    is    cleared    ofT,   the    annual    sale 


Service,    a   rich   dark    crimson    self.     John    Neville 
Keynes  is  certainly  the  best   of  all  the  older  yellow 
selfs,    if  not    the   newer   ones    also,    very    fine   and 
constant ;    Joseph   B.  Service,   also  a  yellow  self,  is 
pure  in  colour,  and  very  good  and   constant;  Julia 
Wyatt   is   a    very   pretty    creamy-white   self,   and    a 
variety  that  can   be  depended  upon  to  produce  some 
good  show  blooms.     Lady  Gladys  Herbert  is  always 
largely  shown  at  a  D.ihlia  competition,  light  or,inge, 
deeply   edged    with   crimson;    Lord   Chelmsford    is 
a  fine  dark  maroon  self,  but  shy  ;  but  when  caught  in 
good  condition  it  makes  a  fine  show  variety.     Miss 
Cannell  is  a  very  line  Dahlia,   good  in  outline  and 
centre,  creamy  ground,  deeply  ridged  with  purplish- 
crimson,  and   very  constant ;  when  sent   out  by  Mr. 
Cannell  this  variety  came  single,   but  a  cutting  was 
obtained  from  Mr.  P^ckford,  which  produced  double 
blossoms.   It  will  sometimes  produce  some  semi-double 
flowert,  but  such  plants  as  this  are  never  propagated 
from.      Mrs.    Gladstone  was  undoubtedly  the  finest 
Dahlia  of  the  season,  very  constant  and  good,  and  a 
real  model   when  in   good  condition.     Mrs.  Harris, 
light  ground  edged  with  pale  lilac,  is  also  a  first-rate 
Dahlia,    fine    in    shape  and  pleasing  in   character ; 
Mrs.    Stancomb,     canary-yellow    tipped    with    deep 
fawn,  is  very  pretty  indeed,  and  good  and  constant ; 
Mr.   Harris,  one   of  Mr.   Kawlings'    seedlings,  is  a 
crimson-scarlet   self  of    dwarf   growth,   and  a  good 
useful  show  flower ;  Mr.  Spofl'orth,   a   large  crimson 
self,  is  also  a  constant  useful  variety.     Picotce  is  well 
named,   because  of  its  slight  bright  crimson  edge  on 
a  golden-yellow  ground  ;  this  season  the  lacing  was 
very  slight  indeed.     Prince  Arthur  is  a  very  fine  and 
useful  yellow  self,  and  makes  an  excellent  show  flower. 
Prince  Bismarck  should  have  a  place  in  every  collec- 
tion of  show  varieties,   because  so  good  all   round. 
Prince  ol  Denmark,  very  dark   maroon,  shaded  with 
bright  crimson,  has  petals  of  the  most  approved  form. 
It  has  an  excellent  centre  and  outline,  but  came  small 
this  year  :  it  is  very  fine  and  bright.     Royal  Queen 
is  also  a  purple-edged   flower  on  a  white  ground,  and 
something   in    the   way   of  Mrs.    Cannell.       Shirley 
Hibberd,  dark  flushed  with  crimson,  is  a  fine  shaded 
flower,  but  apt  to  come  a  little  quilled   in  the  petals. 
Thomas  Goodwin  is  a  very  dark  and   constant  self, 
which  can  b;  relied   upon.     William    Rawlings,  rich 
crimson-purple,  is  a  very  fine  self,  of  good  size,  full, 
fine  petal  and  outline. 

This  list  is  intended,  not  so  much  to  set  forth  all 
the  good  show  Dahlias  in  cultivation,  but  those 
merely  that  stood  the  dry  summer  well  at  Salisbury. 
A  season  may  be  too  dry  or  too  wet— both  have  their 
disadvantages,  and  probably  the  first  has  the  least 
where  watering  cm  be  efiiciently  done.  But  let  the 
prevailing  character  of  the  weather  be  what  it  may. 
Dahlia  growers  manage  to  produce  good  flowers  at 
the  time  they  are  required  :  in  the  various  tussles  man 
has  with  Dame  Nature  the  latter  is  not  always 
victorious.  R.  D. 


amounting  to  two  and  a  half  millions.  Of  these 
about  two  millions  are  raised  by  Messrs.  Perkins, 
and  the  remainder,  in  the  seedling  state,  procured 
elsewhere. 

Of  deciduous  trees  Oak  and  Ash  head  the  list. 
Much  as  the  present  generation  of  planters  run  on 
quick-growing,  sofi-wooded  species,  there  are  evidently 
more  than  might  be  supposed  who  plant  these  repre- 
sentative hard-wooded  trees,  as  seen  by  the  quantities 
of  seedlings  annually  raised  in  the  Billing  Road 
Nursery. 

Of  coniferous  trees  the  Austrian  Pine,  Pinus  aus- 
triaca,  and  the  Corsican  Pine,  Pinus  Laricio,  now 
stand  a  long  way  ahead  of  all  others  in  the  quantity 
here  grown.  Mr.  Perkins  considers  that  the  last- 
named  is  the  tree  more  than  any  other  which  those 
who  plant  extensively  for  timber  purposes  would  do 
well  to  use.  It  outstrips  everything  else  amongst 
Conifers,  wasting  less  strength  in  lateral  growth, 
whilst  the  quality  of  its  timber  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired.  Many  have  refrained  from  planting  this 
Pine  on  account  of  its  having  the  character  of  being  a 
ticklish  subject  to  deal  with.  Like  most  other  qiiick- 
growingtrees  if  allowed  to  stand  any  time  without  trans- 
planting, it  makes  long  coarse  roots  that  do  not  like 
removal.  Mr.  Perkins'  advice  is  to  plant  only  stock 
that  has  been  kept  regularly  moved  from  the  seed-bed 
onwards,  and  not  more  than  from  iS  inches  to  2',  feet 
high. 

Elms  and  Limes,  such  as  used  for  avenue  planting, 
are  made  an  especial  feature,  and  unusually  well  done, 
the  last  named  in  particular,  with  stems  as  straight 
and  even  as  possible.  One  essential  in  the  cultivation 
of  these  trees  when  to  be  used  in  this  way  is,  that  all 
through  the  course  of  their  preparation  they  should 
stand  far  enough  apart.  Where  the  reverse  of  this 
has  occurred  the  trees  make  little  progress  for  some 
time  after  planting  where  they  are  to  remain  per- 
manently; the  obvious  cause  being  that  the  growth 
of  which  they  consist  is  too  soft  to  bear  exposure  to 
the  wind.  Here  the  trees  are  kept  from  the  first 
well  clear  of  each  other.  Green  Hollies  and  Yews 
receive  their  full  share  of  attention ;  immense 
stretches  of  these  are  present  in  all  stages  from  a  foot 
upwards. 

The  dilTerent  kinds  of  plants  used  for  covert  plant- 
ing occupy  a  large  extent  of  the  nursery.  O.'  these 
Prunus  Myrobalana  is  now  much  in  favour  both  for 
game  and  fox  covert.  The  plant,  although  not  so 
generally  known  as  it  might  be,  will  adapt  itself  to 
almost  any  kind  of  soil,  however  poor  and  sandy, 
making  good  progress  where  many  things  would 
starve.  Ol  this,  and  the  common  Sloe,  there  is  an 
immense  stock. 

Common  Laurel,  in  hundreds  of  thousands,  cover 
long  stretches  of  ground.  Whilst  the  less  known  but 
better  kinds,  such  as  rotundifolia,  caucasica,  and  a 
round-leaved  form  of  the  last-named,  with  much 
darker  coloured  leaves,  arc  only  somewhat  less  in 
quantity. 


rr^,^   „Tr  T  T^T,-    T.^.^  Mahonia   (B^rberis)   aquifolium    occupies    several 

IHh   BILLING    ROAD    NURSERY,      acres-nice  young  stuff,  from  a  foot  to  2  feet  high. 

NORTHAMPTON.  ^''^  °''?  '^^'B'""  Privet  holds  its  own  as  a  covert 

'  plant  against  all  the  other  sorts,  keeping  closer  to  the 

This  old  established  nursery  lays  just  out  of   the       ground,    which  it  covers  where  many  things   could 
town  of  Northampton,  and  occupies  about  115  acres  '  '         -        -  - 

of  a  gentle  southern  slope.  Much  of  the  soil  consists 
of  a  reddish  loam,  moderately  free,  rather  shallow 
but  well  suited  to  the  growth  of  trees  and  shrubs 
generally,  and  which  do  not  make  rank  growth  in  it. 
This  is  no  doubt  attributable  to  the  fact  of  the  sub- 
soil being  of  such  a  nature  that  the  roots  do  not  strike 
deep  into  it,  but  keep  more  to  the  surface.  Coni- 
ferous  trees  do  well,  soil  and  situation  alike  favouring 
sturdy  but  somewhat  slower  growth  than  obtainable 
in  places  where  the  roots  have  a  deeper  run.  All  the 
leading  fashionable  kinds  are  grown  in  moderate 
quantities  and  in  various  sizes. 

But  it  is  in  the  way  of  what  may  be  termed  special- 
ties that  this  nursery  is  remarkable,  Messrs.  Perkins 
finding  it  more  to  their  purpose  to  cultivate  a  limited 
number  of  things  in  all  but  unlimited  quantities, 
rather  than  to  divide  their  attention  equally  between 
the  thousand  and  one  subjects  for  which  there  is  com- 
paratively little  demand.  Amongst  the  things  grown 
extensively  are  Thorn  (luicks.  To  those  unacquainted 
with  the  demand  that  each  succeeding  year  brings  a 
sight  of  the  seed  beds  here  in  autumn  would  give  an 
impression  that  there  were  more  than  enough  to 
sufiice  lor  all  the  hedge-planting   in    the   kingdom, 


not  grow.  A  large  breadth  of  Gorse  is  sown  annually 
so  as  to  always  have  a  supply  in  the  right  condition 
for  planting. 

Of  Hazel  and  Hornbeam  large  breadths  are 
grown  to  meet  the  demand  where  more  of  a  mixed 
character  of  covert  is  required.  Covert  planting, 
where  to  be  carried  out  on  an  extensive  scale,  is  an 
operation  that  swallows  up  immense  quantities  of 
plants,  necessitating  the  price  being  low  ;  but  it  often 
happens  th-t  the  stuff  which,  to  the  uninitiated  in 
such  matters,  looks  cheap,  turns  out  to  be  the  reverse, 
through  being  nothing  more  than  the  products  of  the 
seed  or  cutting  beds,  in  which  they  have  stood 
crowded  together  without  ever  being  moved,  until 
they  are  not  worth  planting,  even  if  to  be  had  for 
nothing.  The  character  of  growth  present  in  the 
immense  stock  of  these  plants  in  this  nursery  shows 
at  a  glance  that  they  are  in  right  condition  for 
moving. 

Fruit  trees  are  grown  in  immense  numbers  and  very 
well  done  ;  all  the  best  kinds  usually  asked  for  are 
represented,  but  the  principal  object  is  to  meet  the 
demand  occasioned  by  the  more  sensible  course  which 
planters  of  fruit  trees  are  at  last  beginning  to  follow, 
by  confining  their  selection  to  a  few  of  the  heaviest 


bearers  of  good  quality,  with,  amongst  Apples  and 
Pears,  a  sufficient  number  that  are  good  keepers. 

Gooseberries.— Of  these  London,  Crown  Bob, 
Roaring  Lion,  Rifleman,  and  Whinham's  Industry, 
are  the  kinds  most  to  be  depended  on,  and  most 
wanted. 

Currants,  black— Ptince  of  Wales,  Lee's  Prolific, 
and  Black  Naples,  are  held  as  the  best.  Red— Wil- 
mot's  Long  Bunch  and  La  Versaillaise.  White — 
White  Dutch  and  Transparent  White  may  be  relied 
on  as  combining  the  best  properties. 

01  Raspberries  the  new  Baumforth's  Seedling  has 
quickly  established  its  reputation  as  one  of  the  very 
best  sorts  ;  it  is  largely  grown  here. 

Plums.— Of  these  Victoria,  Pott's  Emperor,  Goliath, 
Pond's  Seedling,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  Rivers'  Pro- 
lific, are  most  planted  by  many  of  the  market  growers, 
and  they  are  equally  worthy  of  the  attention  of  those 
who  cultivate  fruit  for  their  own  use. 

Apples. — The  all  but  limitless  number  of  varieties 
of  this,  the  most  useful  of  all  fruits,  perplexes  ordi- 
nary planters  to  such  an  extent  that  in  their  bewilder- 
ment they  hitherto  have  as  often  as  otherwise  got 
kinds  that  are  little  worth.  But,  thanks  to  the  way 
in  which  the  subject  has  been  unceasingly  ventilated 
in  the  gardening  Press  of  late  years,  more  light  has 
been  thrown  on  the  matter,  the  result  being  that  a 
few  of  the  best  proved  varieties  are  now  planted  in 
the  proportion  of  a  score  or  a  hundred  to  one  ol  what 
they  used  to  be.  Here  the  principal  run  is  on  such 
sorts  as  Lord  Suflield,  Lord  Grosvenor,  Keswick 
Codlin,  Stirling  Castle,  Blenheim  Pippin,  Damelow's 
S;edling  (Wellington),  Cellini,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin, 
King  of  the  Pippins,  Ribston  Pippin,  and  Lane's 
Prince  Albert. 

Horse  work  is  largely  employed  in  preparing  the 
ground,  to  facilitate  the  use  of  which  the  crops  of  the 
various  trees  and  shrubs  occupy  long  parallel  stretches, 
which  when  cleared  are  manured  and  ploughed  over 
deeply,  harrowed,  and  brought  into  condition  for  the 
next  crop.  Potatos  and  Mangels  as  a  change  often 
occupy  for  one  season  the  ground  that  has  been  under 
trees  and  shrubs. 

Those  who  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  see- 
ing the  amount  of  work  that  can  be  got  through 
by  a  well -trained  staff  where  systematic  and 
cleanly  cultivation  is  practised  would  be  led  to  sup- 
pose  that  the  transplanting  of  so  many  millions  of 
plants  annually  could  not  be  got  through,  but  the 
land  is  of  a  nature  such  as  admits  of  being  got  on  to 
when  the  weather  is  not  too  wet  to  stand  out.  From 
eighty  to  a  hundred  thousand  seedlings  is  the  usual 
quantity  planted  per  day.  The  work  is  mostly  done 
by  the  piece.  Altogether  this  is  one  of  the  best 
appointed  and  best  kept  nurseries  I  have  seen.    T.  B, 


TEA  ROSES  IN-  POT.S. 
Ip  there  is  one  flower  more  than  another  that  the 
amateur  longs  to  cultivate  well  it  is  the  Rose,  and 
preferably  the  Tea  Rose,  on  account  of  its  beauty  and 
the  delightful  fragrance  of  the  blooms.  One  amateur, 
writing  some  years  ago  in  reference  to  Tea  Roses, 
said  he  resided  within  a  few  miles  of  London,  and 
was  necessarily  compelled  to  grow  the  Roses  in  pots, 
but  after  a  season  or  two  they  turned  out  a  complete 
failure.  The  blooms  deteriorated  after  the  first  year, 
and  the  plants  rapidly  declined.  The  same  amateur 
tried  another  plan.  He  planted  out  about  fifty  half- 
standards  and  dwarfs  in  well-prepared  soil,  and 
erected  a  low  span-roofed  house  over  them,  with 
glass  sides  to  the  ground,  and  side  windows  for 
ventilation,  and  then  the  Roses  looked  remarkably 
healthy,  the  shoots  most  vigorous,  and  covered  with 
buds.  It  would  have  been  a  wonder  if  Roses  had 
not  done  well  in  such  a  happy  state  of  things, 
planted  out  in  suitable  compost  and  protected  from 
all  inclement  weather  by  a  light  screen  of  glass, 
which  admitted  ample  light  and  sufficient  ventilation. 
But  if  planted-out  Roses  succeeded  well  in  such  a 
house,  why  should  pot  Roses  not  do  equally  well? 
Given  the  best  cultural  requirements,  it  is  quite 
certain  that  where  planted-out  Roses  succeed  pot 
Roses  would  not  turn  out  a  complete  failure  after  a 
season  or  two.  Very  few  amateurs  can  afford  to 
plant  out  a  bed  of  Tea  Roses,  and  then,  to  make  sure 
of  success,  erect  a  house  over  it. 

Hundreds  can  affjrd  to  grow  a  few  pot  Roses,  and 


December  19,  18S5.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE- 


7S3 


success  is  certain  if  the  cultivator  is  sufficiently  in- 
terested in  iha  work  to  pay  sufficient  attention  to  the 
plants,  and  to  keep  them  in  a  clean,  healthy  sta'.c.  I 
do  not  know  any  plants  more  easily  injured  by  the 
attacks  of  parasites  thin  the  Rose,  especially  Tea 
Roses.  Mildew,  orange  fungus,  red-spider,  and 
greenfly  attack  the  Rose  by  turns,  or  all  at  once. 
It  is  neglect  of  keeping  the  leaves  and  young  shoots 
clear  of  these  pests  ihat  causes  debility  and  ultimately 
the  death  of  the  plants  Careful  potting  and  repotting 
at  the  light  time  is  a  most  important  and  necessary 
part  of  good  culture,  but  good  soil  must  also  be  used. 
Take,  for  instance,  a  Tea  Rose  growing  in  an  8  inch 
pot.  Unless  the  soil  in  which  it  is  growing  is  of  the 
best  quality,  and  a'so  richly  manured,  the  results  can- 
not be  quite  satisfactory.  A  good  compost  for  Tea 
Roses  is  formed  of  four  parts  good  turfy  yellow  loam, 
one  of  peat,  one  of  decayed  stable  manure,  and  a 
good  proportion  of  white  sand.  An  S-inch  potful  of 
crushed  bones  should  be  added  to  each  barrowload 
of  loam.  Drain  the  pots  well  and  place  over  the 
drainage  some  decayed  manure  and  turf  from  which 
the  fibre  has  been  shaken.  A  two-year-old  plant 
maybe  flowered  in  an  S-inch  pot;  three-year-old  in 
a  9  or  lo-inch  ;  the  strongest  plants  the  fourth  year 
may  be  flowered  in  ii-inch.  Again,  whether  the 
plants  are  to  be  forced  or  not,  they  must  be  placed  in 
such  a  position  when  they  are  making  their  growth 
that  they  have  a  very  large  supply  of  light  and  air. 
They  ought  to  be  close  to  the  (glass,  and  when  the 
flowers  are  opening  the  atmosphere  must  be  dry  and 
moderately  warm.  If  they  are  forced  early  in  the 
year  the  growth  must  be  brought  on  gently.  A  little 
bottom-heat  is  excellent  to  begin  with,  and  a  tempera- 
ture at  night  of  about  45°  to  50*", 

During  the  last  few  years  many  new  Tea  Roses 
have  been  introduced,  but  some  of  the  best  of  the 
old  varieties  are  so  popular  that  they  will  hold  a  high 
position  for  years  to  come.  Niphetos,  for  instance, 
as  a  white  kind,  is  not  yet  equalled.  Devoniensis 
still  reigns  supreme  in  its  lovely  colour  ;  Madame 
Falcot  and  Safrano  are  most  beautiful  in  the  bud 
state  ;  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  too,  has  long  been  popular, 
and  its  popularity  has  not  declined.  Still,  with  all 
the  good  qualities  belonging  to  these  good  old  varie- 
ties, we  cannot  ignore  the  new  and  beautiful  forms 
which  have  been  so  lavishly  distributed  in  recent 
years.  The  best  of  them  are  Anna  Olivier,  flesh 
colour ;  Ampzone,  lemon-yellow  ;  Belle  Lyonnaise, 
Catherine  Mermet,  flesh-coloured  or  salmon-rose  ; 
Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  orange  and  coppery-coloured  ; 
Hon.  Edith  GifTord,  beautiful  in  bud  ;  La  Boule  d'Or, 
a  fine  pot  Rose,  golden-yellow  flowers ;  Madame 
Jules  Margottin,  yellow  with  a  pinky  tinge  ;  Madame 
Cbedane  Guinoisseau,  sulphur-yellow,  fine  furm  ; 
Madame  Limbard,  very  distinct ;  Marie  van  Iljutte, 
a  very  pretty  yellow  kind  ;  Perle  des  Jardins,  cinary- 
yellow  ;  Rubens,  while,  rose*tinted,  fine.  The  above 
are  not  strictly  new,  and  we  must  add  to  them  the 
lovely  Souvenir  d'Elise.  J,  Douglas. 


^rfljid  |}of^2  and  ikanings. 


CATTLEYA  LUTEOLA. 
This  distinct  and  very  pretty  species  is  now  in 
flower  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery,  King's  Koad, 
Chelsea.  It  is  not  only  distinct  in  itself,  but  it  is  also 
valuable  from  being  an  early  winter  flowering  species. 
It  is  not  such  a  handsome  plant  as  C.  citrina,  the 
shade  of  yellow  is  paler,  the  lip  is  orange  with  a  rosy 
tint  at  the  throat.  There  were  several  plants  in  flower. 
This  species  has  several  synonyms — C.  modesta  of 
Meyer  ;  C.  Meyeri,  Kegel  ;  and  C.  flavida,  Klotsch. 
It  was  described  by  Dr.  Lindley  as  C.  luleola  in 
Gardeners'  Chronicle^  'S53,  p.  774,  and  I  believe  re- 
cognised by  Reichenbach  fils  under  that  name.  It 
has  also  been  grown  under  the  name  of  C.  llolfordi, 
but  on  what  authority  I  am  not  able  to  say.  It  is  a 
Brazilian  species,  and  probably  requires  to  be  grown 
in  the  warmest  end  of  the  Cattleya-house.  It  is  well 
figured  in  the  Bolankal  Magazine,  t.  5032,  from  a 
specimen  with  five  flowers  on  a  spilte  grown  in  Messrs. 
Rollisson's  nursery  in  November,  1857. 

CvrRirEDiUMS. 

C.  vexillariuin  is  also  very  nicely  in  flower  ;  it  is, 

perhaps,   not   such    an   elegant   plant  as  one  of  its 


parents,  C.  Fairrieanum,  but  it  has  a  considerable 
resemblance  to  that  fine  species,  showing  just  a  trace 
of  its  seed-bearing  parent,  C.  barbalum. 

C.  Lceanuni  stiperhum  is  plentifully  in  flower,  jind 
is  remarkably  beautiful  ;  the  difference  between  this 
and  C.  Lecanum,  raised  at  Burford  Lodge,  is  very 
striking.  The  highest  prize  fell  to  Messrs.  Veitch, 
owing  to  the  use  of  the  pollen  from  C.  insigne  var. 
Chanlini.  The  variety  from  which  Sir  Trevor  Law- 
rence's plants  were  raised  was  evidently  not  so  good 
as  C.  insigne  Chantini.  The  other  parent  is  C. 
Spicerianum. 

In  Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery  there  are  also  groups  of 
L:elia  autumnalis  and  L.  anceps.  There  are  many 
spikes,  and  amongst  them  some  handsome  varieties. 
The  recently  introduced  white  forms  of  L.  anceps 
have  so  f^r.  been  a  failure.  I  do  not  hear  of  any  one 
having  it  in  flower.  In  some  cases  the  plants  have 
made  a  second  growth,  but  even  these  do  not  seem  to 
show  flowering-sheaihs.  A  number  of  distinct  white 
forms  intermixed  in  such  a  group  as  that  in  Messrs. 
Veitch's  large  Cattleya-house  would  be  charming. 

CATTLEYA  MAXIMA  (Litldl.)  DOCTORIS,  Rchb.f. 

The  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  Townsend  Boscawen 
kindly  sends  me  a  two-flowered  raceme  of  this 
Catllcya.  Though  it  is  very  meritorious  in  its  deep 
bright  rose  tints,  yet  it  appears  to  be  even  more 
remarkable  in  the  dark  reticulations  of  the  lip,  which 
are  much  more  conspicuous  underneath  than  is  usual. 
It  is  a  very  fine  thing.  Reste  a  frouver  whether  it  is 
an  accidental  sport,  or  a  constant  individual,  or  a 
variety.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

AiiRiDES  Leonaei, 

The  BuUetin  of  the  Roynl  Tuscan  Socuiy  of  Horli- 
culture  for  November  contains  a  coloured  figure  of 
this  beautiful  species,  in  which  the  flowers  are  more 
loosely  arranged  than  usual  in  the  genus,  and  the 
segments  as  well  as  the  lip  tipped  with  rosy-lilac. 


The  sharp  frost  has  made  it  impossible  to  proceed 
with  ground  work  of  any  kind  or  the  replanting  of 
trees  and  shrubs  for  the  present  ;  but  there  are  many 
jobs  that  can  be  done  nevertheless.  Conifers  would  be 
better  if  they  were  looked  over  annually  for  the 
purpose  of  pinching  out  the  points  of  any  branches 
that  are  making  exce>siv^  growth,  and  in  any  case 
where  more  than  one  central  leading  shoot  has  been 
formed,  the  best  placed  one  should  be  retained,  the 
others  being  cut  away.  Due  attention  to  these 
matters  assists  to  keep  the  trees  in  symmetrical  form. 
The  Coniferas  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  a  good 
top-dressing  of  light  rich  mould  or  sandy  loam,  or 
any  other  similar  material  at  hand,  as  no  other  kind 
of  ornamental  trees  sooner  repay  labour  and  atten- 
tion than  ConifeiK,  and  now  is  the  best  time  to  per- 
form this  kind  of  work.  If  weather  permits,  all  leaves 
now  having  fallen,  every  corner  should  be  raked  out, 
all  dead  wood  cut  out,  and  all  rubbish  collected 
into  heaps  and  burnt.  The  ashes  make  excellent 
manure  for  lawns  and  for  the  flower-beds.  The  high 
winds  and  storms  of  late  will  have  broken  many  of 
the  old  tree  slakco,  which  should  have  attention  at 
once,  and  have  new  slakes  put  to  replace  them  and 
firmly  tied — such  as  standard  Roses,  shrubs,  and 
deciduous  trees,   IV,  Smythe,  Basing  Park,  Alton, 


yP^UITg     ^yNDEF^     -QlA^?. 


LATIL  GRAPES, 
Experience  has  shown  that  no  advantage,  as  far 
as  the  Grapes  are  concerned,  is  obtained  by  keeping 
them  on  the  Vines  after  the  end  of  December,  although 
in  some  cases,  to  economise  time  and  labour,  it  may 
be  more  convenient  to  extend  this  limit  a  little  longer  ; 
but  even  under  such  circumstances  the  cutting  of 
them  should  not  be  deferred  beyond  the  end  of  Janu- 
ary, because  if  after  this  date  the  Grapes  are  left  on 
the  Vines,  it  interferes  with  the  proper  course  ol 
pruning    them.       This     should    be   done    in     dead 


winter,  in  order  to  ensure  a  simultaneous  break, 
and  to  avoid  the  risk  from  bleeding,  which 
would  ensue  afterwards  if  the  pruning  was  long 
deferred.  For  these  reasons  I  therefore  recom- 
mend, as  far  as  practicable,  to  cut  the  bunches  at  the 
earlier  date  if  possible.  As  the  time  for  this  operation 
is  drawing  near,  any  preliminary  requirements  should 
be  attended  to  forthwith,  and  in  the  meantime,  should 
uafivourable  weather  prevail,  advantage  could  be 
taken  of  such  an  opportunity  to  prepare  the  utensils  for 
their  reception.  If  bottles  are  to  be  used,  these  will 
require  to  be  well  cleaned,  and  a  few  pieces  of  fresh 
charcoal  be  put  into  each,  and  then  be  filled  with 
pure  water.  In  cutting  the  shoots  off  the  Vines  let 
them  be  cut  back  as  far  as  the  spur  will  admit,  so  that  a 
good  length  of  shoot  is  available  to  insert  into  the 
water  ;  this  will  diminish  the  risk  consequent  upon  ' 
inattention  to  filling  with  water,  as  the  lack  of  it  is 
fatal  to  good  keeping,  and  results  in  much  loss  of  fruit. 

In  the  case  of  shoots  with  but  little  wood  below 
the  bunch  it  is  not  possible  to  put  them  far  into  Ihe 
water  ;  these  will  consequently  require  much  more 
frequent  attention  as  regards  a  supply  of  this  element, 
and  therefore  should  be  placed  together.  When  the 
Grapes  are  placed  in  the  room,  attend  regularly  to  . 
giving  the  needful  supply  of  water  ;  remove  de- 
cayed berries  from  the  bunches  at  short  periods  of 
time  ;  keep  an  equable  temperature  of  40°  or  45°,  and 
use  no  fire-heat  unless  actually  required  at  any  time. 
Our  ventilators  open  into  a  space  beneath  another  roof, 
and  therefore  can  be  left  partially  open  at  all  times. 

After  t-tie  Grapes  are  cut  proceed  to  prune  the  Vines 
at  once,  and  enforce  this  rule  in  respect  to  this  im- 
portant matter  in  earlier  compartments,  if  not  already 
done.  At  this  season  of  the  year  the  necessary  cleans- 
ing of  the  houses  should  also  be  completed  with  the 
utmost  despatch.   G.  T.  Miles,  Hycombe  Abbey. 


aria    fruit  iardcn. 


MANURING    THE   TREES. 

Advantage  should  be  taken  when  the  weather  is 
frosty  to  wheel  manure  into  the  fruit  tree  plantations. 
All  kinds  of  trees  should  not  receive  the  same  treat- 
ment as  to  manuring.  Dwarf  trees  on  the  Paradise 
stock  can  hardly  have  too  much  manure,  as  it  is  only 
by  judicious  feeding  that  good  results  can  be  ex- 
jiected.  Trees  grafted  on  the  free  stock  require  more 
care,  for,  as  a  rule,  thty  are  more  inclined  to  grow  to 
wood  than  to  form  fruit-buds.  By  manuring  these  we 
often  do  more  harm  than  good.  As  an  insiance,  we 
hive  here  a  number  of  trees  of  that  very  handsome 
Apple,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  on  the  Paradise  stock, 
which  bear  yearly  fine  crops  of  large  well-coloured 
fruit.  Now,  these  trees  bearing  heavily,  can  hardly  have 
too  much  manure  given  them  in  the  growing  season. 
We  have  also  a  number  of  trees  of  the  same  variety 
on  the  free  stock  which  hardly  ever  bears  any  fruit, 
although  the  trees  are  very  healthy  and  grow  vigor- 
ously. The  fruit  produced  is  also  small  and  badly 
coloured  ;  all  the  strength  of  trees  seems  to  go  to  pro- 
duce wood  instead  of  fruit.  This  is  a  point  that 
ought  to  be  noted  by  all  growers  if  they  wish  to  be 
successful.  These  trees  will  now  be  root-pruned, 
but  no  manure  will  be  applied. 

Poor  Kinds  of  Fruit. 
Another  important  matter  which  ought  to  engage 
the  attention  of  grov/ers  is  the  large  number  of  worth- 
less varieties  of  both  Apples  and  Pears.  It  would  be 
much  better,  both  for  nurserymen  and  growers,  if 
half  or  more  of  our  present  varieties  were  exter- 
minated. 

Pruning  and  Training. 

The  pruning  and  nailing  of  wall-trees  should  be 
pushed  on  when  the  weather  is  favourable.  Our 
chief  aim  should  be  to  get  the  walls  covered  as 
quickly  as  possible  ;  and  if  the  cordon  system  of  tree 
training  is  adopted  this  can  soon  be  accomplished. 
Should  any  of  the  trees  not  be  making  satiifactory 
progress,  I  would  advise  their  being  placed  perpen- 
dicularly up  the  walls  for  a  season..  I  have  often 
seen  this  simple  plan  improve  Ihe  trees  in  one  year. 

Any  vacant  space  on  south  walls  might  be  filled 
by  planting  Vines  of  Royal  Muscadine,  a  variety 
which  I  consider  the  best  for  outdoor  culiivation. 
When  pruning  Apples,  grafts  should  be  saved  of  any 
varieties  that  it  is  desirable  to  increase.  I  should 
always  recommend  a  few  varieties  of  Crabs  to  be 
planted  in  fruit  gardens.  The  trees  are  very  handsome 
in  spring  when  in  bloom,  and  also  in  autumn  when 
covered  with  blight  little  fruit.  One  of  the  prettiest 
and  freest  bearers  is  the  old  Siberian  Crab.  There 
is  also  a  nev/  variety,  very  handsome,  and  larger, 
called  the  Dartmouth  Crab,  which  ought  to  be  planted 
by  lovers  of  ornamental  trees.  J.  Smith,  Mcnimore, 
Bucks. 


784 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  1S85. 


APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
the  City 


Roi 


,  Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 


:  Steven: 


Tuesday,  Dec.       22 
Wednesday,  Dec  23 


i: 


Special  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower,  at  Pro- 
liieroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
lie     of     Lilium     auratum,     Shrubs,    and 
Plants,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Hardy  Plants  and  Bulbs,  Roses,  and 


t  Steve 


'  Rooms. 


TWO  letters,  and  as  yet  two  letters  only, 
have  appeared  in  our  columns  with  refer- 
ence to  the  question  of  Honours  for  Horti- 
culture. They  are,  in  tone  and  substance, 
diametrically  opposite.  For  our  purpose  that 
is  just  as  they  should  be.  Our  readers  like,  and 
we  like,  to  see  both  sides  of  a  question  ;  nay, 
more,  as  it  is  very  rarely  that  we  have  to  do 
with  a  flat  plane  of  two  surfaces,  but  more 
generally  with  a  polygon  or  many-sided  matter, 
we  prefer  to  lay  before  our  readers  all  that  can 
be  said  on  one  side  6r  the  other.  For  ourselves, 
we  have  the  advantage  of  knowing  our  corre- 
spondents, and  the  point  of  view  from  which 
they  respectively  regard  the  question.  We  are 
not  about  to  reveal  anything  that  has  been 
entrusted  to  us  confidentially,  nor  intentionally 
to  mislead  by  any  pretence  of  exclusive  infor- 
mation. It  will  suffice  to  say  that  the  burning 
desire  of  one  writer  is  to  advance  horticulture 
in  public  estimation  ;  the  ardent  endeavour  of 
the  other  to  promote  its  welfare  by  every 
means  in  his  power.  The  one  thinks  that 
stars,  and  ribbons,  and  gewgaws,  and  arrange- 
ments of  initial  letters  appended  to  a  man's 
name  are  matters  to  be  ridiculed  or  even 
despised.  The  other  feels  that  horticulture 
"  wants  a  lift,"  and  is  really  not  particular  in 
what  way  the  rise  comes,  so  long  as  the  craft 
prospers  in  public  estimation  ;  and,  moreover, 
considers  the  prospects  of  the  proposed  Inter- 
national E.xhibition  to  be  more  or  less  directly 
concerned  in  the  matter.  The  ultimate  desire 
of  both  is  the  same.  This  being  so,  the  only 
question  between  them  would  seem  to  be  one 
as  to  the  proper  means  of  effecting  what  they 
both  are  yearning  for  ;  but  really  the  question 
is  not  so  simple.  Are  our  two  correspondents 
likely  to  agree  upon  the  main  point  at  issue — 
What  is  advance  in  horticulture  ?  As  it  seems 
to  us  the  one  sees  in  it  material  prosperity  for 
the  individual — a  big  business,  a  large  capital, 
a  satisfactory  balance  at  the  banker's,  an  un- 
clouded trade  reputation — all  excellent  things 
no  doubt.  The  other  looks  abroad  and  sees 
successful  traders  and  honourable  men  of  all 
callings  decorated  with  this  or  that  or  the  other 
Order.  He  feels  that  the  whole  class  is  honoured 
by  the  selection  of  special  representatives  as 
recipients  of  State  honours.  He  sees  that  the 
colleagues  ot  the  recipient  take  occasion  to  cele- 
brate the  event  with  congratulatory  banquets  and 
thj  like  ;  and  if — poor  human  nature! — there 
should  be  some  envies,  and  jealousies,  and  heart- 
burnings, at  least  they  are  kept  out  of  sight. 
Again,  he  looks  at  home,  and  what  does  he 
see  ?  Honours  and  State  recognition  accorded 
to  military  and  naval  men,  to  Government 
servants  generally,  and  in  most  cases  most 
deservedly — honours  and  State  recognitions  to 
politicians  as  a  reward,  not  for  services  to  the 
State,  but  as  an  acknowledgment  of  loyalty  to 
party — honours  and  State  recognition  to  here- 
ditary grandees  whose  claim  to  such  honours 
is  mysterious  to  all  save,  perhaps,  the  recipient- 
honours  and  State  recognition  to  ladies,  not 
only  of  the  Florence  Nighting.^le  type,  but 
to  ladies  who  take  part  in  petty  party  political 
warfare.  This  is  what  he  sees,  and  he 
naturally  thinks,  Why  should  not  horticulture 
participate  in  these  good  things  ?  Surely 
its  claims  are  as  great  as  those  of  many 
others  among  the  classes  above  mentioned .' 
And  to  this  question  we  can  but  answer  in 
the    affirmative.     But,    as    things    go    in    this 


country,  where  the  conditions  are  so  different 
from  those  which  obtain  on  the  Continent,  we 
may  ask,  Would  horticulture  be  benefited  by 
such  honours  paid  to  its  representatives.'  Was 
literature  or  poetry  in  any  degree  benefited 
when  Alfred  Tennyson  became  Lord  Ten- 
N'VSON  .'  Was  electrical  science  or  the  progress 
of  telegraphy  in  the  slightest  degree  enhanced 
when  Professor  Whe.\tstone  became  Sir 
Charles  ?  Or,  to  come  nearer  home,  was 
horticulture  materially  benefited  when  Paxton 
became  Sir  Joseph?  Is  railroad  engineering  or 
steam  navigation  a  bit  the  worse  because  Watt 
or  George  Stephenson  remained  Cominoners 
to  the  end  of  their  days  ? 

Toturn  to  individuals — who  is  there  that  thinks 
Newton  is  in  any  way  glorified  because  he  was 
knighted  ?  Who  thinks  any  the  more  of  Macau- 
LAY  because  he  became  Lord  Macaulay  ?  Who 


'      <  ,        .  •  I. 


thinks  any  the  less  of  Far.aday  because  he 
remained  plain  Michael  Faraday?  Upon  the 
answer  to  be  given  to  these  questions  depends, 
we  think,  the  solution  of  the  problem— Should 
horticulture  receive  State  recognition  ?  Looked 
at  in  this  way,  we  can  but  think  the  respect 
and  honour  a  man  gets  from  his  own  fellows  is 
the  highest  boon  that  can  be  conferred  upcm 
him  a'  extra,  and  that  to  confer  a  State  honour 
upon  him — always  excepting  Government  ser- 
vants— is  to  reduce  him  to  the  level  of  successful 
party  politicians,  successful  party  politicians' 
wives,  and  successful  municipal  dignitaries. 
We  would  not  be  supposed  to  undervalue  such 
distinctions  when  honestly  won  and  appropri- 
ately  awarded.  Human  nature  hankers  alter 
such  things,  and  the  feeling  is  not  necessarily 
ignoble  nor  unworthy.  We  are  merely  urging 
that  the  distinction,  whatever  it  be,  should  be 
one  appropriate  to  the  individual  and  speci- 
ally calculated,  not  merely  to  honour  the 
man,  which  is  the  smallest  part  of  the  matter, 
but  to  give  an  impulse  to  the  progress  of  the 


particular  department  of  which  the  individual  is 
the  representative. 

We  agree  therefore  with  the  one  correspon- 
dent that  horticulture  would  be  the  better  for  a 
lift.  We  agree  with  the  other  correspondent 
that  State  honours,  e.xcept  under  special  circum- 
stances, are  of  no  benefit  to  the  community,  but 
only  to  the  individual. 

It  does  not,  however,  follow  that  State  aid  of 
another  character  might  not  give  the  fillip 
which  is  required  to  advance  horticulture.  A 
Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,  to 
look  after  our  material  interests — a  National 
School  of  Agriculture,  Forestry,and  Horticulture, 
to  secure  adequate  training  in  the  principles 
and  practice  of  our  profession— laboratories, 
libraries,  experimental  gardens,  facilities  for 
research  of  all  kinds — these  are  things  which, 
it  appears  to  us,  are  far  more  urgently  needed 
and  far  more  likely  to  .give  the  profession  the 
desired  impetus,  than  honours  paid  to  successful 
individuals,  however  worthy. 

We  are  trenching  on  a  well-worn  theme,  but 
it  is  incumbent  on  us  to  do  so  at  the  risk  of 
telling  thrice-repeated  tales,  when  we  point  out 
our  own  deficiencies  in  the  matter  of  technical 
education  as  compared  with  the  continents  of 
Europe  and  America.  We  have  perhaps  fuller 
opportunities  of  seeing  the  results  of  the  educa- 
tional system  adopted  in  other  countries  than 
many  of  our  readers.  We  see  men  occupying 
only  equivalent  positions  to  our  "young  gar- 
deners "  coming  here  from  Germany,  from  Den- 
mark, from  Belgium,  and  from  America,  to  com- 
plete their  practical  education.  Many  of  these 
men  are  not  inferior  in  point  of  general  education 
to  the  average  of  our  University  undergraduates, 
and  they  have  this  great  advantage  over  our  un- 
dergraduates in  that  they  are  not  only  capable 
of  manual  labour,  but  think  it  no  derogation 
to  undertake  it  at  the  lowest  remuneration. 
These  are  the  men  who  will  give  a  lift  to 
horticulture,  and  they  will  give  it  at  our  expense 
if  we  do  not  follow  their  e.xample. 


The  Christmas  Season.— We  must  request 

our  correspondents  to  send  all  matters  intended  for 
insertion  in  our  next  issue  on,  or  previous  to,  Tuesday, 
December  22. 

Dr.  Paterso.n's  Testimonial.  —  We  are 

informed  the  subscription  list  will  close  on  Christmas 
Day,  therefore  intending  subscribers  to  the  fund  will 
greatly  assist  the  movement  by  sending  early  to  Mr. 
K.  P.  Cagie,  Bridge  of  Allan,  N.B. 

Royal  Appointment.  —  We    learn     that 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  of  Wotdsley,  Stourbridge, 
have  recently  been  appointed  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen. 

The  New  Mayor  of  Chester. — Mr.  G.  A. 

Dickson,  senior  partner  in  the  old  firm  of  James 
Dickson  &  Sons,  Dolgelly,  gave  a  supper  on  De- 
cember 12,  in  commemoration  of  his  being  made 
Mayor  of  Chester  this  year,  to  all  those  employed  at 
these  nurseries,  at  the  "Angel"  Hotel,  Dolgelly. 

Heritiera  macrophylla. — We  are  in- 
debted to  the  courtesy  of  Professor  Maxi.me  Cornu, 
the  Director  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  at  Paris,  for  a 
magnificent  specimen  of  the  Looking-glass  tree, 
mentioned  in  our  last  issue.  The  largest  leaf  serit 
measures  upwards  of  iS  inches  in  length,  and 
8i  inches  in  breadth.  The  silvery  colour  of  the  under- 
surface  is  very  beautiful.  But  what  is  of  more  interest 
is  a  raceme  of  the  curious  seeJ-vessels,  resembling 
the  samara  o(  the  Maples,  but  in  fives  instead  of  in 
pairs,  and  little  less  in  size  than  native  specimens. 
The  flowers  are  unisexual  ;  whether  in  the  Paris 
specimen,  the  flowers  were  artificially  fertilised  we 
do  not  know. 

■  Jardin   d'Acclimatation  of  Geneva. — 

We  have  received  from  M.  Correvon  a  catalogue  of 
seeds  of  alpine  plants,  which  may  be  had  from  the 
Director  of  the  garden,  and  which  is  well  worth  the 
attention  of  those  interested  in  such  plants.  Copies 
may  be  had  on  application  to  M.  H,  Correvon, 
Jaidin  d'Acclimatation,  Plainpalais,  Geneva. 


THE    GARDENERS'     CffRON/CLE,- Deceubkv    19,    i8 


Fig.  184.— riNUs  tuBerculata.    (see  p.  786.) 


786 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  iS 


The  "Botanical  Magazine."— The  follow- 
ing plants  are  figured  in  the  December  number  : — 

Aloe  Bainesii  (t.  6S4S).— This  is  one  of  the  Tree 
Aloes  figured  and  described  in  our  columns  in  1874 
by  Mr.  D\'er.  It  forms  a  tree  with  stout  trunk, 
40—60  feet  high,  branching  in  a  forked  manner  near 
the  top,  each  branch  bearing  a  number  of  recurved, 
channelled,  lanceolate,  remotely  toothed  leaves.  The 
flowers  are  very  numerous,  and  arranged  in  dense 
cylindrical  erect  racemes  ;  each  flower  rosy-pink, 
oblong  cylindric,  with  a  short  six-parted  limb,  the 
segments  of  which  are  green.  It  is  a  native  of  Natal 
and  Kaffraria. 

Kafhilhamnu!  cyanocarpus  (t.  6849).— A  Chilian 
evergreen  tree,  15—20  feet  high,  conspicuous  for  its 
small  ovate  bright  green  leaves,  gold-coloured  spines, 
and  numerous  small  tubular  lilac  flowers,  with  an 
irregular  spreading  5-lobed  limb.  The  flowers  are 
succeeded  by  small  blight  blue  berries.  Verbenaceit 
t.  6S50. 

Rhododendron  javjiticumvar.  tuHflora. — A  form  of 
javanicum  with  paler  flowers  and  longer  calyx-tube. 
Introduced  from  Sumatra  by  Mr.  Curtis  for  Messrs. 
Veitcii  (t.  6S50). 


1S86,  and  all  machines  must  be  sent  to  the  model 
farm  of  the  School  before  March  I,  1SS6.  The  trials 
will  commence  on  March  2. 


vention  du  3  Novcmbre,   iSSi   (zme  liste)  (Brussels: 
V.  MONNOM,  Rue  de  I'Industrie  26).  — 7y«  Vegetable 
Garden.     By  MM.  Vilmorin-Andrieux.     English 
edition.      (John   Murray.)— /'/rj'jiV'/,;<;:V<r/   Bolany. 
CovENT  Garden    Market  and   Christ-      Ey  George  Li.vcoln  Goodale.    (Iveson,  Blake- 
mas  Supplies.— The   market   is  now  showing  the       wan,  Taylor  &  Co  ,   New  Not\.)— Report  of  the 
approach  of  the  Christmas  season  by  the  quantities  of      Board   of  Control  of   the   Neiv    York   A^ricutlural 
Christmas    trees   and    decorative    material,    such   as       Station.— Arbres,  Arbustts  et  Plantcs  Ornementelks, 


Mistleto,  Holly,  Ivy,  Laurel,  Privet,  &c.,  within  its 
boundaries.  For  some  days  past  Mistleto  has  been 
arriving  in  waggonloads,  and  doubtless  will  continue 
to  do  so  until  the  2Sth.  Of  Holly  entire  trees  of 
8  —  10  feet  or  so  in  height,  and  covered  with  berries, 
besides  large  quantities  of  cut  branches  (which  are 
also  full  of  berries)  have  been  received  at  Covent 
Garden  for  about  an  equal  time  :  both  these 
plants  appear  to  be  more  rich  than  usual  in 
berries,  which  form  the  real  decorative  feature. 
Oranges  and  Lemons  are  arriving  in  large  consign- 
ments from  abroad,  chiefly  Spain,  and  from  there  also 
come  various  nutsand  other  fruits,  as  Barceh-nas,  Chest- 
nuts, Pomeloes,  Melons,  and  inferior  Grapes.  Home- 
grown Grapes,  of  very  good  appearance,  such  as  Lady 
Downe's  Seedling,   Black  Alicinte,   &c.,   are   rather 


culttves  .  ,  ,  dans  la  region  ,  .  .  cntre  Cannes  et 
Menton.  &c.  Par  F.  FORCKET.  — 77u-  Date  Palm  in 
India.  ByE.  Bonavia,  NLD.  (Calcutta  :  Thacker, 
Spink  &  Co. )—  The  Praise  of  Gardens.  By  Albert 
F.  SiEVEKiNG  and  E.  V.  B.  (Elliot  Stock, 
62,  Paternoster  Row.) 

Gardening    Appointments.— Mr.    Ciias. 

Hewett  has  been  appointed  as  Head  Gardener  to 
E.  C.  Baring,  Esq.,  Daylesford  House,  Chipping 
Norton.— Mr.  William  Thornhill,  of  Holker 
Gardens,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to 
Charles  T.  Hoare,  Esq.,  Bignell,  Bicester, 
Oxon. 


Po!;onia  pulchelta.—h-cmom   terrestrial    Orchid       P'^"'"'"'-     Some  Oranges,   besides  Apple: 


from  Hong  Kong,'  with  globose  annulate  tubers, 
cordate  ovate  leaves,  bronzy-green  above,  red 
beneath,  with  prominent  convergent  nerves,  studded 
with  whitish  hairs.  The  flower-stalks  leadess,  4—5 
inches  high,  and  bears  two  flowers  near  the  top,  each 
about  i;  inch  across,  with  linear  yellowish  segments, 
and  a  scoop-shaped  rose-coloured  lip  (t.  6S51). 

Crocus  h'orolkowi  and  C.  ,erius  (t.  6S52).— Two 
spring  flowering  Crocuses.  C.  Korolkowi  is  like  the 
common  yellow  Crocus,  but  has  the  segments  of  the 
perianth  flushed  with  brown  at  the  back.  It  is  a 
native  of  Turkestan,  and  has  recently  been  discovered 
in  Afghanistan.  C.  .-crius  is  like  C.  biflorus,  but  is 
not  feathered  on  the  back  of  the  segments.  It  is  a 
native  of  Asia  Minor. 

—  "The  City  Diary  for  iSS5."  —  The 
public  will  much  appreciate  this  useful  publication, 
containing  as  it  does,  besides  blank  pages  for  entries 
for  every  day  in  the  year,  a  great  deal  of  information 
about  matters  connected  with  the  City  proper,  and 
with  larger  London  as  well. 

Calvert's    "Mechanics'   Almanac."  — 

An  almanac  and  something  more,  there  being  a  mis- 
cellaneous collection  of  facts  of  service  to  workers 
in  metal,  wood,  and  other  materials  ;  and  as  being  of 
service  to  horticulturists  may  be  mentioned  measure- 
ment of  areas  of  solids,  the  preservation  of  materials 
from  the  effects  of  the  weather,  cost  of  buildings  by 
cubical  contents,  strength  of  boiler-plates,  colours  and 
the  eye,  &c. 

Pear    Gilogil.— The  origin   of  this  name 

has  been  asked  for  by  a  correspondent.  The  French 
way  of  calling  this  Pear  is  Gilles-o-Gilles,  and  no 
doubt  the  word  Gilogil  is  merely  a  corruption  of  the 
foreign  one.  According  to  Le  Diclionnaire  de 
Pomologie,  the  Pear  received  this  name  from  the  fol- 
lowing circumstance  :— A  bishop  was  inspecting  his 
espaliers  in  company  with  his  gardener,  and  being 
struck  by  the  beauty  and  size  of  this  Pear,  exclaimed, 


-  ..   -,    --.-.    be 

seen  from  America.  Nuts  from  other  parts  than 
Spain  consist  of  Cocoa-nuts,  Brazils,  Lee  Chees  &c. 
Custard  Apples,  principally  from  JIadeira,  are  'very 
plentiful.  Salads  of  a  nice  size  are  now  in,  and  con- 
sist of  Lettuce,  Endive,  Celery,  Radishes,  &c.  In 
the  way  of  cut  flowers.  Azaleas,  Violets,  Narcissi, 
Gardenias,  various  Orchids,  and  Eucharis,  are  the 
leading  things,  and  a  few  Roses  are  seen  here  and 
there.  Lilies  of  the  Valley  in  pots  have  begun  to 
come  in,  chiefly  in  combinat.on  with  Tulips  and 
Ferns. 

Horticultural  Club.— The  usual  monthly 

dinner  and  conversazione  took  place  on  Tuesday, 
December  S,  at  the  rooms,  I,  Henrietta  S'reet,  Covent 
Garden.  Amongst  those  present  were  Mr.  John  Lee, 
Chairman  ;  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Bosckwen,  Dr.' 
Masters,  and  Mr.  C.  Eliot,  Boston,  U.S.A.  ;  Dr. 
Hogg,  Rev.  F.  II.  Gale,  Rev.  T.  Fliotofl^,  Messrs. 
C.  T.  Druery,  Collings,  Upcott  Gill,  G.  Bunyard, 
H.  Turner,  and  the  Secretary.  The  discussion 
was  opened  by  Dr.  Masters  on  "Town  Gardens 
and  the  Plants  most  Suitable  for  them,"  and  a  very 
interesting  discussion  arose  on  the  subject,  many 
of  the  facts  and  illustrations  brought  forward  by 
Dr.  Masters  being  evidently  new  to  most  of  those 
present. 

The   Directorate  of   Ke\v.— We  believe 

that  Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer,  who  has  acted 
for  some  years  as  Assistant  Director,  has  been 
appointed  Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  al- 
though no  official  announcement  has  yet  been  made. 
As  to  the  propriety  of  this  appointment  there  cannot 
be  a  dissentient  voice.  Mr.  Dyer  has  shown  himself 
a  competent  and  zealous  administrator  ;  he  has  not 
only  a  wide  knowledge  of  botany,  but  has  the  tact 
and  instinct  of  a  good  cultivator  and  the  eye  of  a 
landscape  gardener.  The  duties  of  the  office  are  now 
so  multifarious,  and  involve  so  many  important  inte- 
rests, colonial  as  well  as  dortle^tlc,  beyond  the  mere 
ipervision    of    the    gardens,    that    the   selection   of 


•'Giles,      rnl    ^T      I,,     ^^r"'?'''™^'^'       ='"    "=^''''"'    '°    M^-    Over     must     needs     be    a 
Z>S      ,LL         \  TS     ^^'  '""'°'  °'^'       '"^""   °'   ^"'°"^   consideration.     Formerly,    before 

f'f""'^"-^  says  he  made  the  extract  from  a  book       the    work     undertaken    at     Kew    had     become    so 

oMhe  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  cannot  give  a  nearer       work  of  Assistant  Director,  but  under  existing  circum- 

stances  the  appointment  of  Assistant  Director,  and 

'he  duties  to  be  fulfilled  by  him,  become  almost  as 

~~  ^'^^  Diseases,— The   Italian   Ministry  of      serious  matters  for  determination  as  the  Directorate 

Agriculture  _has  authorised  the  formation  of  an  In-       itself.     It  would  seem  to  us  that  the  lequirements  of 

the  case  demand  a  man  of  administrative  abilit)',  one 
with  a  special  knowledge  of  economic  botany,  familiar 
with  the  natural  resources  of  our  colonies,  tropical 
and  otherwise,  and  of  the  best  means  of  promoting 
their  development— one  competent  to  deal  with  the 
requirements  of  Indian  and  colonial  plantations. 


ternational  Exhibition  in  the  Royal  School  of  Vine 
Culture  and  Unology  (wine  making)  at  Conegliano, 
near  Venice,  for  the  special  purpose  of  getting 
together  a  collection  of  implements  and  machines 
destined  for  the  application  of  lime  and  other  remedies 
for  mildew  and  Peronospora,  in  Vines.  The  imple- 
ments, such  as  pumps,  syringes,  spray  producers,  will 
be  tested  piactically,  and  prizes  awarded  as  follows  •— 
One  Gold  Medal  and  500  lire  (francs) ;  three  Silver 
Medals  and  150  lire  with  each  ;  five  Bronze  xMedals. 
Ihe  Government  will  also  purchase  premiated  in- 
struments to  the  value  of  1000  lire,  for  the  purpose 
of  distributing  them  in  agricultural  schools.  Applica- 
tions for  permission  to  exhibit  should  be  sent  to  the 
"  Direzione  della  R.  Scuola  di  Viticoltura  ed  Eno- 
logia   in    Conegliano,    Italy,"   before    February   22, 


Books,  &c.,  Received.— 7;5f  Gulden  Gate 

and  Silver  Slefs.  By  Shirley  Hibberd  (E.  W. 
Allen,  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  E.C.).— Transactions 
of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  of  Science  (Academy 
House,  19,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin).  —  Orchid 
Cro-Mers'  Manual.  By  B.  S.  Williams,  6!h  edition 
(London  :  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway,  'S.).— Convention  Phylloxerique  de  Berne: 
Execution  en  Belgique  de  t Article  9,  \  6,  de  la  Con- 


PINUS    TUBERCULATA. 

The  specimen  from  which  our  illustration  (fig.  1S4) 
was  taken  was  obligingly  furnished  us  by  Mr.  Baker 
of  Bayfordbury.     In  his  rich  pinetum  the  plant  forms 
a   bushy  tree  of  medium  height,  with   rough  brown 
bark.     The  smaller  branches  spread  horizontally,  and 
turn  up  at  the  tips.     The  young  herbaceous   shoots 
are  greyish-green,  destitute  of  leaves  at  the  base.  The 
buds  are  cylindric,  pointed,   purplish,   covered  with 
whitish    resin.       The    foliage    is   of  a   greyish-green 
colour.     The  leaves  are  in   threes,  each  4—6  inches 
long,  3-sided,  saw-toothed,  and  pointed  at  the  top. 
In   cross-section    the    hypoderm    cells    are    seen    to 
encircle  the  whole  leaf,  and  to  wrap  round  the  resin 
canals,  of  which   latter  there  are  two  near  the  lower 
epidermis.     The  male  calkins  (observed  on  a  tree  at 
Pampesford  in  1SS3)  are  in  dense  cylindrical  masses, 
each  about  half  an  inch  long,  rich  chestnut-brown  in 
colour.     The  young  cones  are  in  whorls,  each  stalked, 
erect,  or  slightly  inclined  downwards,  oblong-obtuse, 
purplish-green,  with  the  scales  strongly  spine-pointed. 
As  to  the  matured  cones,  we  may  refer  to  Mr.  Smith's 
drawing,  which  shows  their  appearance  better  than 
words  could    do.     The  botanical   history  is  so  well 
known,    that   happily   there   are    few    synonyms    to 
record.       It    is  not   necessary  either    to   give  a  full 
botanical  description  of  the  tree,  which  may  be  found 
in  the  recognised  text-books,   but   the  following  par- 
ticulars, taken  from  an  article  in  Harper's  Mas^azine, 
may  appropriately  be  given.     The  sketch  of  the  tree, 
obligingly  furnished  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  (fig.  183), 
will  show  one  aspect  of  the  tree  in  its  native  home  on 
the  Californian  Sierras  : — 


Pin 


TUBERCULATA.— This  curious  little  Pine  is 
found  at  an  elevation  of  from  15C0  to  3000  feet,  growing 
in  close  willowy  groves  ;  it  is  extremely  slender  and 
graceful  in  habit,  although  trees  that  chance  to  stand 
alone  outside  the  groves  sweep  forth  long  curved 
branches,  producing  a  striking  contrast  to  the  ordinary 
grove  form.  The  foliage  is  of  the  same  peculiar  grey- 
green  colour  as  that  of  the  Xut  Pine,  and  is  worn  about 
as  loosely,  so  that  the  body  of  the  tree  is  scarce  at  all 
obscured  by  it. 

"  .'\t  the  age  of  seven  or  eight  years  it  begins  to  bear 
cones,  not  on  branches,  but  on  the  main  axis,  and  as 
they  ne\er  fall  off,  the  tiunk  is  soon  picturesquely  dotted 
with  them.  The  branches  also  become  fruitful  after  they 
attain  sufficient  size.  The  average  size  of  the  older  trees 
is  about  30  or  40  feet  in  height  and  r2  or  14  inches  in 
diameter.  The  cones  are  about  4  inches  long,  exceed- 
ingly hard,  and  covered  with  a  sort  of  silicious  varnish 
and  gum,  rendering  them  impervious  to  moisture,  evi- 
dently with  a  view  to  the  careful  preservation  of  the 
seed. 

"  No  other  Contfer  in  the  range  is  so  closely  restricted 
to  special  localities.  It  is  usually  found  apart,  standing 
deep  in  '  chaparral '  on  sunny  hilland  caiion  sides,  where 
there  is  but  little  depth  of  soil,  and  where  found  at  all, 
it  is  quite  plentiful  ;  but  the  ordinary  traveller,  following 
carriage  roads  and  trails,  may  ascend  the  range  many 
times  without  meeting  it. 

"  While  exploring  the  lower  portion  of  the  Merced 
Caiion  I  found  a  lonely  miner,  seeking  his  fortune  in  a 
quartz  vein,  on  a  wild  mountain  side,  planted  with  Ihis 
singulir  tree.  He  told  me  he  called  it  the  Hickory  Pine, 
because  of  the  whiteness  and  toughness  of  the  wood. 
It  is  so  little  known,  however,  that  it  can  hardly  be  said 
to  have  a  common  name.  Most  mountaineers  refer  to 
it  as  '  that  queer  little  Pine  tree  covered  all  over  with 
burrs.'     In  my  studies  of  this  species  I  find  a  very  inte- 


December  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


787 


resting  and  significant  group  of  facts,  whose  relations 
will  be  seen  almost  as  soon  as  stated  :^ 

"  I.  AU  the  trees  in  the  groves  I  examined,  however 
unequal  in  size,  are  of  the  same  age. 

"2.  Those  groves  are  all  planted  on  dry  hill-sides, 
covered  with  'chaparral,'  and  therefore  liable  to  be 
swept  by  fire. 

"3.  There  are  no  seedlings  or  saplings  in  or  about 
the  living  groves,  but  there  is  always  ja'  fine  hopeful 
crop  springing  up  on  the  ground  once  occupied  by  any 
grove  that  has  been  destroyed  by  the  burning  of  the 
chaparral. 

"4.  The  cones,  all  of  which  are  persistent  through 
life,  never  discharge  their  seeds  until  the  tree  or  branch 
to  which  they  belong  dies. 

"  A  full  discussion  of  the  bearing  of  these  facts  upon 
one  another  would  perhaps  be  out  of  place  here,  but  I 
would,  at  least,  call  attention  to  the  admirable  adapta- 
tion of  the  tree  to  the  fire-swept  regions  where  alone  it 
is  found.  After  a  grove  has  l^en  destroyed  the  ground 
is  at  once  sown  lavishly  with  all  the  seeds  ripened  during 
its  whole  hfe,  and  which  seem  to  have  been  carefully 
held  in  store  with  reference  to  such  a  calamity.  Then 
a  young  grove  immediately  springs  up  out  of  the  ashes — 
beauty  for  ashes.  The  Coniferous  Forests  of  the  Sierra 
Ntvada. 


PLANT  PORTRAITS. 

ANDROMEnA  FASTIGIATA,  Garden,  September  19. 

Epilobium  oecordatum,  Garden,  September  5. 

MuscAki  AZUREUM,  Garliii/hra,  t.  1199. 

MUSCARI  Heldreichii,  GarUnflora,  t.  1 199. 

Primula  arctotis,  Garlenflora,  I.  119S. 

Primula  minima,  Garden,  September  5. 

Primula  pubescens,  Gartetiflora,  t.  119S. 

Rhododendron  Dalhousianum,  Garden,  Sep- 
tember 26. 

Rhododendron  Dennisoni,  Garden,  Septem- 
ber 26. 

Veronica  pinguifolia,  Garden,  September  19. 


SfltUtS    of   §00llS. 


The  Orchid  Grower's  Manual.  6ih  edition. 
By  B.  S.  Williams,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S.  Lon- 
don,  1S85. 

prchidists,  wherever  they  may  be,  will  hail  with 
pleasure  Mr.  Williams'  new  work,  which  in  every 
respect  far  excels  the  former  editions  of  the  Orchid 
Growers'  Maniialy  which  have  hitherto  been  so  useful 
as  a  reference  for  the  identification  of  Orchids,  and  a 
guide  to  their  culture  in  every  part  of  the  world  where 
the  English  lannuage  is  spoken,  indeed  its  usefulness 
has  not  been  limited  to  those  regions,  for  it  has  been 
translated  into  Russian  by  Mr.  Wolkenstein,  and  pub- 
lished in  that  language — a  fact  which  gives  one  of  the 
highest  possible  testimonials  to  the  esteem  in  which 
the  author's  vast  knowledge  of  Orchids  and  their  cul- 
ture is  held  by  Orchid  growers  in  all  parts  of 
the  world.  In  the  handsome  volume  before  us 
Mr.  Williams  has  succeeded  in  producing  a  work  well 
worthy  to  bear  his  name,  aud  with  what  care  and 
research  it  has  been  produced  a  perusal  of  its  contents 
discloses,  for  in  addition  to  the  description  of  each 
species,  the  country  from  whence  it  comes,  its  com- 
monest synonyms  and  references  where  figured  are 
given,  the  last  item  being  the  chief  new  feature  in  the 
edition,  and  one  likely  to  be  of  inestimable  service  to 
those  who  wish  to  make  acquaintance  with  the  plants 
before  they  see  them  in  flower. 

The  volume  of  660  pages  commences  with  the  in- 
troduction, followed  by  exhaustive  articles  on  all  the 
important  operations  connected  with  Orchid  culture, 
such  as  potting,  watering,  resting,  temperature,  &c., 
also  pleasant  and  instructive  matter  on  the  habitats  of 
tropical  Orchids,  the  collecting  of  Orchids,  and  the 
treatment  of  those  newly  imported,  raising  Orchids 
from  seeds,  .S;c.  Then  follows  an  alphabetical  list  of 
genera,  species,  and  varieties,  each  carefully  described, 
and  many  illustrated  by  cleverly  executed  engraving5 ; 
the  whole  being  brought  up  to  date  by  an  addendum 
and  completed  by  an  index  of  all  the  plants  enu- 
merated. The  work  is  profusely  illustrated,  the 
larger  number  and  the  most  striking  of  the  illustra- 
tions having  appeared  in  our  own  columns — well 
printed,  and  elegantly  bound,  and,  considering  the 
amount  of  accumulated  knowledge  requisite  to  pro- 
duce such  a  work,  and  the  time  and  pa'.ience  necessary 
for  the  verification  of  the  references  given,  it  is  a 


marvel  how  it  can  be  published  at  the  price.  We 
are  surprised  to  see  little  or  no  reference  to  out 
Orchid  Supplements  of  this  year,  which  contain  a 
greater  amount  of  original  matter  within  the  neces- 
sary limits  than  has  ever  before  been  got  together. 
The  Orchii  Grower's  Manual  is  published  by  Mr. 
B.  S.  Williams  at  the  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 
Uppsr  liolloway,  London,  N. 


"  Brownsmith's  Boy."  By  G.  Manvillc  Fenn, 
(Blackie  &  Son.) 
Mr.  Fenn  in  this  work  shows  himself  to  be  a  good 
practical  gardener  as  well  as  a  first-rate  writer  of 
books  for  the  amusement  of  boys.  The  story  is  that 
of  an  orphan  lad  who  is  adopted  as  an  apprentice  by 
a  kindly  market  gardener,  and  who  goes  through 
many  stirring  adventures  in  what  might  have  been 
expected  to  be  a  hum-drum  profession.  We  feel 
inclined  to  quarrel  with  the  concluding  chapter,  in 
which  the  hero  deserts  the  pruning-knife  for  the 
sword.  The  proper  ambition  for  a  gardener  is  well 
put  by  the  charmingly  described  *'  Old  Brownsmith  "  : 
—  "A  man  who  has  brains  may  go  on  learning  and 
making  discoveries,  not  discoveries  of  couotries  and 
wonders,  but  of  little  things  that  may  make  matters 
better  for  the  people  who  are  to  come  after  him. 
Then  he  may  turn  a  bit  of  the  England  where  he 
works  into  a  tropical  country  by  covering  it  over  with 
glass  and  having  a  stove  ;  then  some  day,  if  he  goes 
on  trying,  he  may  find  himself  able  to  write  F.R.H.S. 
at  the  end  of  his  name."  But  though  there  is,  per- 
haps, rather  a  superfluity  of  fisticuffs,  the  book  is  as 
thoroughly  sound  in  moral  tone  as  in  horticultural 
common  sense,  and  we  can  cordially  recommend  it  as 
a  present  for  boys  generally  or  for  juvenile  gardeners 
in  particular. 


NURSERY    NOTES. 

Cyclamens  at  Messrs.  Pace's,  Teddington. 
— In  an  age  that  has  seen  more  improvements  in 
horticulture  than  any  time  previous,  one  is  not  sur- 
prised to  tind  a  class  of  plants  only  a  short  time  back 
looked  upon  as  "  very  bad  to  do,"  and  even  when  suc- 
cessfully cultivated  hardly  repaying  for  the  labour, 
&c.,  expended  on  themj  now  grown  in  vast  numbers 
and  brought  to  a  degree  of  excellence  by  the  skilful 
and  patient  crossing  of  the  best  types,  and  weeding 
out  of  the  poorer  varieties,  that  must  surprise  even 
the  cultivators  themselves.  Several  firms  have  become 
famous  for  their  own  particular  strains,  and  it  would 
be  almost  an  impossibility  to  mention  one  strain  and 
afiirm  its  superiority  over  the  others,  although  some 
strains  are  better  known  and  brought  vividly  before 
the  public  by  continual  advertising.  While  writing 
of  advertising  we  must  admit  that  as  yet  we  have  not 
come  across  a  flower  in  any  way  resembling  the  *'  fear- 
ful and  wonderful  "  woodcuts  of  Cyclamens  (?)  that 
one  sees  in  catalogues,  &;c. ,  and  which  many  people 
would  fail  to  recognise  as  a  Cyclamen  if  it  were  not 
named  as  such.  We  trust  that  the  flower  (?)  repre- 
sented by  the  above-mentioned  woodcuts  is  not  the 
type  that  specialists  are  aiming  at. 

At  Messrs.  Page's  nine  houses  are  devoted  to  the 
culture  of  this  flower,  and  over  30,000  are  grown. 
The  plants  for  the  most  part  are  fifteen  months  old, 
and  for  vigour,  compactness  of  habit,  and  abundance 
of  excellent  flowers  are  well  able  to  compare  favour- 
ably with  other  well  known  strains. 

The  fifteen-months  old  plants  are  all  in  4^  to  5  inch 
pots,  and  their  flowering  qualities  may  be  estimated 
when  we  state  that  three  dozen  fully-expanded  blooms 
are  a  fair  average  ;  and  from  this  statement  some  idea 
can  be  formed  of  the  imposing  spectacle  of  a  house- 
ful. As  may  be  supposed,  there  is  a  great  diversity 
of  colour,  but  even  in  such  a  grand  even  strain  some 
plants  are  conspicuous  by  their  superior  blooms,  one 
variety  in  particular,  named  Albion,  a  massive  ivory- 
white,  could  easily  be  distinguished  amongst  two  or 
three  dozen  other  good  types  of  white,  by  even  an 
ordinary  observer.  The  petals  of  this  flower  were 
li  inch  in  breadth,  and  nearly  2  inches  in  length. 
Two  other  plants  could  not  fail  to  be  recognised,  both 
good  forms — one  the  colour  of  a  bright  Phal.-enopsis 
Schilleriana,  and  the  other  just  the  colour  of  a  La 
France  Rose.  From  a  florist's  point  of  view,  any 
flower  that  deviates  from  its  true  points  would,  of 
course,  be  condemned,  but  we  think  exception  may 
be  taken  to  a  "break"  that  has  its  petals  neatly 
twisted  over,  so  that  they  form  a  level  surface  ;  plants 
of  this  description  have  a  striking  appearance  amongst 


the  others.  The  persicum  type  is  the  more  largely 
grown,  in  fact  some  of  them  are  so  large  as  readily  to 
be  confounded  with  a  giganteum.  Other  things 
besides  Cyclamens  are  well  done  here,  including 
Odontoglossums,  of  which  a  nice  batch  were  looking 
very  vigorous.  Gardenias  and  Camellias,  too,  are 
largely  grown,  and  look  in  the  pink  of  condition. 

Messrs.  Clarke,  Twickenham. 
The  collection  of  Cyclamens  grown  here  has- been 
before  the  public  for  some  time,  in  fact  we  believe  it 
is  one  of  the  oldest  strains,  and  the  fact  of  holding 
its  own  for  so  long  says  much  for  it.  A  great  number 
were  not  in  flower  at  the  time  of  our  visit  lately,  but 
judging  from  their  appearance  expectations  formed  of 
their  success  will  not  be  misplaced.  Amongst  those 
in  bloom  no  colour  could  be  said  to  predominate 
very  largely,  as  the  shades  of  colour  were  most 
numerous,  and  alt  good,  no  "  washy  "  ones  being 
visible-  The  various  colours  of  the  eyes  of  flowers, 
with  the  rest  of  the  petals  white,  was  remarkable, 
nearly  every  possible  shade,  from  almost  purple  to 
the  most  delicate  blush,  was  to  be  found.  Some  very 
fine  salmon-tinged  blooms  could  not  but  be  observed 
in  passing,  and  of  the  whole  collection,  in  flower, 
nothing  but  the  highest  praise  could  be  accorded. 
When  the  main  part  of  the  collection  is  in  bloom  it 
must  present  a  fine  appearance  as  the  plants  are  well 
shown  off  on  sloping  stages. 

>  Messrs.  Walker,  Teddington. 

Here,  too,  Cyclamens  have  found  a  congenial  home, 
and  thrive  and  bloom  -luxuriantly.  A  large  portion 
of  this  collection  is  yet  to  bloom,  and  as  the  part  in 
bloom  is  used  for  cutting  from,  one  cannot  expect  too 
much  ;  but  notwithstanding,  an  opinion  highly  in 
their  favour  could  not  but  be  formed.  In  this  col- 
lection, too,  were  to  be  found  specialities,  the  best  in 
our  opinion  being  a  spendid  white  with  greenish 
stems — a  real  gem  ;  a  semi-double  persicum,  lightly 
tipped  with  carmine,  was  very  telling  ;  also  some  very 
good  darks,  salmons,  and  pinks,  made  a  fine  con- 
trast. The  flowers  in  this  collection  are  for  the  most 
part  nice  and  short  in  the  petal,  and  consequently  are 
broader  than  usual,  giving  the  plants  a  very  robust 
appearance  :  the  foliage,  too,  is  correspondingly 
"stocky."  C,  /. 


THE  ORIENTAL  PLANE  TREE. 

Platan  L'S  orientalis  [and  its  varieties],  that  orna- 
mental introduction  of  300  years  ago,  native  to  the 
Levant,  Asia  Minor,  and  Persia — not  the  American 
or  Western  Plane  tree,  P.  occidentalis — has  been 
largely  planted  in  recent  years  in  situations  where,  as 
on  the  Thames  Embankment,  the  million  can  admire 
it,  and  where,  as  time  passes,  our  Planes,  like 
our  Oaks,  will  inspire  veneration,  and  elevate  the 
thoughts. 

Referring  briefly  to  the  Planes  of  history,  among 
the  many  famous  trees  growing  on  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean,  one  of  the  greatest  antiquity,  most 
justly  venerated,  grows  in  the  pass  of  Thermopyle. 
None  of  the  Planes  of  our  own  country  have  yet 
lived  long  enough  to  have  attained  old  age,  accord- 
ing to  the  period  of  their  existence  in  the  East.  There 
are,  for  example,  the  so-called  "  Seven  Sisters " 
growing  on  the  shores  of  the  Bosphorus  whose  age 
has  never  been  discovered,  and  no  remaining  record 
is  likely  how  to  reveal  it  ;  but  they  are  known  as  a 
matter  of  undoubted  history  to  have  sheltered  a  party 
of  English  Crusaders  in  the  eleventh  century.  They 
are  believed  to  be  the  oldest  Planes  in  the  world. 

Such  was  the  beauty  of  a  large  Plane  tree  standing 
in  its  prime  on  the  soil  of  Greece,  on  land  which  was 
no  doubt  sheltered,  watered,  diained,  and  fertile, 
that  Xerxes,  on  his  invasion  of  that  heroic  little 
country,  was  fascinated  by  it,  and  remained  chained 
to  the  spot  for  a  whole  djy.  A  Napoleon 
or  a  Gladstone  would  have  cut  it  down  and  marched 
on,  but  Xerxes  remained  quite  entranced  gazing  upon 
the  tree  and  sitting  down  beneath  it.  In  war  and 
gardening  delay  of  this  kind  is  fatal,  and  so  it  proved 
to  the  luxurious  monarch,  who  passed  on  at  last  and 
was  completely  beaten  by  the  Greeks.  Among  other 
famous  and  historic  Planes  Pliny  mentions  an  aged 
tree  which  he  himself  had  seen  in  Phrygia,  and 
among  whose  boughs  the  vain  musician  Marsyas,  as 
the  story  ran,  had  been  suspended  by  Apollo  when 
he  flayed  him  alive  after  his  defeat,  the  unhappy 
mortal  having  challenged  Apollo  to  a  trial  of  skill. 
Another  Plane  of  romantic  interest  was  that  which 


788 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(.December  19,  1S85. 


Helen  of  Troy  planted  in  Arcadia,  and  which 
Fausanias  described  as  a  tree  of  great  beauty,  as 
well  as  size,  at  the  age  of  1300  years. 

Interesting  notices  of  another  tree  were  successively 
published  by  the  three  travellers,  Hobhouse,  Bucking- 
ham, and  Chandler,  who  each  described  a  noble 
Plane  growing  on  the  banks  of  the  Selinus,  near 
Nostizza.  To  this  tree  has  been  assigned  a  diameter 
of  15  feet,  a  deceptive  measurement,  which  must  have 
included  spurs  at  the  base,  and  which  conveys  to  the 
mind  no  idea  of  the  size  of  the  tree.  In  Persia  this 
stately  tree,  called  there  the  Chinar,  is  frequently  met 
with  in  avenues,  or  in  company  with  the  Lombardy 
Poplar,  affording  shade  and  ornament  to  the  dwellings 
of  the  peasants,  or  along  the  margins  of  the  streams 
and  watercourses. 

Planes  may  readily  be  found  in  England  14  feet  in 
circumference,  measured  fairly  at  5  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  reaching  a  height  of  So  feet.  They 
require  suitable  soils  and  situations  for  their  greatest 
growth.  They  are  not  perhaps  fastidious,  but  there 
are  two  or  three  essentials  to  their  most  successful 
cultivation,  which  must  not  be  overlooked  in  planting 
them. 

Unlike  the  Sycamore,  an  Acer  which  was  dubbed 
Pseudo-Platanus,  and  'which  runs  over  the  hills  of 
Europe,  a  native  of  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  Germany, 
and  doubtfully  indigenous  in  Britain,  a  hardy  tree, 
with  stout  twigs  bearing  storms  well,  the  Plane  loves 
shelter.  It  is  a  tree  for  vales  rather  than  hill-tops, 
and  requires  proper  soils,  while  the  Sycamore  can 
accommodate  itself  to  a  variety  of  soils  as  well  as 
sites.  The  Plane  cannot  endure  a  clay  soil,  and  the 
shade  of  other  trees  proves  obnoxious  to  it.  It  also 
requires  good  land,  light  rather  than  heavy,  with 
natural  drainage,  but  at  the  same  time  moisture  at  the 
roots,  and  a  deep,  free  soil.  In  proper  situations,  in 
short— and,  it  may  be  added,  wherever  the  Lime 
grows  best,  as  single  specimens  or  as  groups  upon  the 
lawn,  where  it  spreads  itself  wide  and  may  be  distin- 
guished  from  the  Maples  at  a  glance  by  the  scaling  off 
of  the  bark  and  the  round  rough  fruit-the  Plane  may 
be  often  observed.  I  noticed  some  very  noble  sped- 
mens  last  summer  at  Hursley  in  the  shrubbery  among 
other  trees,  all  favourites  of  the  late  Sir  William 
Heathcote.  The  Plane  is  a  common  ornament  of 
English  parks  and  gardens,  as  any  observer  of  trees 
may  know  if  he  consults  his  memory  (having  travelled 
much),  or  Mr.  Loudon,  if  he  has  read  that  delightful 
writer. 

An  enthusiastic  admirer  of  the  Plane  has  said  of  it 
that  there  is  a  mild  majesty  in  its  aspect  and  a  grace 
m  Its  form  and  in  the  disposal  of  its  foliage,  which 
admits  light  playing  amongst  its  leaves  and  creates 
shade  beneath  the  canopy  of  its  branches,  and  renders 
It  one  of  the  best  models  of  elegance  which  the  vege- 
table kingdom  can  exhibit.  O  wing  to  its  great  beauty, 
therefore,  as  well  as  its  tolerance  of  smoke,  the  Plane 
is  obviously  the  best  tree  for  the  embellishment  of 
great  cities,  the  best  for  populous  and  conspicuous 
places  for  the  improvement  of  public  taste.  H.  E. 


PROLIFERATION    IN    FERNS. 

(&«.',■,,.,„;/,-,„„  p.  535.) 

Root  proliferation,  too,  which  is  generally  gem- 
miferous, but  occasionally  tuberous,  as  before  de- 
scribed, is  among  the  most  prolific  forms  of  repro- 
duction, though  from  its  nature  not  so  obvious  as 
are  the  other  forms,  and  unless  closely  examined 
likely  to  be  passed  as  ordinary  cases  of  spore 
production.  The  species  possessing  this  form  of 
proliferation  spread  something  after  the  manner  of 
the  stoloniferous  and  radicant  species,  covering,  how- 
ever, less  ground,  and  form  large  or  even  extensive 
masses,  m  proportion  to  the  stature  of  each,  by 
proliferous  reproduction  alone.  The  foregoing 
mstances  are  sufficient  to  show  that  proliferation  acts 
as  a  very  considerable  aid  to  reproduction  in  many 
of  the  species  in  which  it  occurs,  and  to  some  extent 
in  all.  It  also  operates  as  an  aid  to  diffusion.  This 
ditiusion,  so  far  as  we  can  observe,  is  relatively 
limited,  but  extending  over  many  years  or  generations 
would,  no  doubt,  be  considerable  ;  in  some  it  is 
automatic,  performed  by  the  plants  themselves,  which 
stretch  their  fronds  to  their  farthest  limit,  there  root 
and  form  a  plant,  and  repeat  the  action  indelinitely. 
This  may  be  described  as  rambling  by  regular  strides. 
In  root  proliferation,  where  the  threads  are  extended 
through  or  along  the  surface  of  the  ground,  the  loco- 
motion  IS  of  a  more  humble  character,  and  may  be 


called  creeping,  being  more  decidedly  in  character 
with  the  snail's  pace.  These  methods  of  spontaneous 
volition  are  best  described  as  migrations.  In  other 
cases  the  process  is  involuntary,  and  results  from  the 
ordinary  operation  of  external  agencies,  of  which 
water  is  the  principal.  The  disconnected  buds  are 
carried  along  by  the  rills,  which  are  formed  on  sloping 
ground  in  heavy  rains,  or  floated  in  the  water  which 
accumulates  and  often  floods  more  level  surfaces. 
Rivers  and  their  tributaries  aid  the  dispersion, 
carrying  the  buds  of  the  aquatic  species  which 
grow  on  their  banks  often  miles  in  their 
course.  Indeed,  it  is  quite  conceivable  that  but 
for  the  destructive  influence  of  sea-water  some  of 
these  buds,  with  their  acquired  strong  vitality,  might 
be  carried  by  currents,  when  washed  out  to  sea  (as 
the  buds  of  the  Guiana  plants  often  are),  and  landed  on 
other  shores,  just  as  seeds  frequently  are,  there,  should 
fortune  strand  them  in  a  favourable  spot,  to  become 
established.  Newly  formed  islands  acquire  their  vege- 
tation in  this  way,  but  on  such  Ferns  are  rare.  This 
rarity  is,  perhaps,  as  much  due  to  the  absence 
of  the  humid  and  sheltered  situations  of  growth 
on  the  shores  of  such  islands  that  the  majority 
of  Ferns  require,  as  to  the  inimical  effects  of  salt- 
water on  spores  or  buds  in  their  transition  from  one 
land  to  another.  It  is  probable,  in  fact,  that  the 
spores,  of  some  species  at  least,  will  bear  immersion 
for  a  time,  for  it  is  most  likely  to  this  manner  of 
distribution,  carried  adhering  to,  or  embedded  in, 
other  floating  material,  that  Acrostichum  aureum, 
Lin.,  which  grows  in  the  brackish  water  in  river 
estuaries,  is  found  in  most  warm  temperate  and 
tropical  lands.  Even  within  the  limits  of  immersion 
they  will  bear  there  is  doubtless  much  sacrifice  of 
life,  incidental  to  the  varied  fortuitous  circumstances 
of  such  a  mode  of  transference,  among  the  buds 
which  are  dependent  on  water  for  their  dispersion, 
but  those  that  survive  are  enough  to  make  the  means 
as  a  distributive  agency  a  success. 

We  have  now  seen  that  proliferation  is  a  successful 
agency  both  in  reproduction  and  distribution  ;  in  the 
former  more  or  less  largely  in  the  several  species 
aCfected,  and  in  the  latter  to  a  limited  but  decided 
extent,  with  the  possibility  of  great  effect  in  the  long 
coarse  of  time.  Let  us  now  enquire  whether  there 
exists  any  defect  in  the  ordinary  generative  con- 
dition of  the  proliferous  species  that  makes  this 
supplementary  form  of  reproduction  necessary. 
As  an  evolutionary  result  so  greatly  assisting  repro- 
duction it  seems  remarkable  that  in  the  majority  of 
instances,  or  almost  all,  proliferation  is  accompanied 
by  abundant  spore  fecundity.  The  reverse  of  this  one 
might  have  expected  would  obtain— that  is,  that  this 
vegetative  form  of  propagation  would  prevail,  if  not 
exclusively,  at  least  most  in  plants  with  a  restricted 
spore  fecundity  ;  just  as  certain  mosses,  which  in- 
frequently fruit,  possess  the  facility  of  propagating 
otherwise  ;  or,  as  I  have  several  times  witnessed, 
Fourcroyas  retrieve  the  loss  of  their  failure  to  produce 
fruit  in  flowering,  by  developing  an  aerial  bud-plant 
in  the  place  of  every  flower  ;  and  instances  of  some- 
what simihr  propagation,  apart  from  the  normal 
generative  method  common  to  nearly  all  other  forms 
of  organic  being,  might  be  drawn  from  certain  proto- 
plasmic states  of  life.  Kut  this  is  not  the  case,  and  I 
have  observed  nothing  to  indicate  that  nearly  all  the 
proliferate  Ferns  could  not  maintain  their  own  in 
every  way  in  the  competition  of  life  with  the  non- 
proliferate  if  they  were  destitute  of  this  aid.  They 
are  equally  as  prolific  of  spores,  and  generally  exist 
under  conditions  equally,  if  not,  as  a  rule,  more, 
favourable  for  the  generation  by  spores  to  succeed. 
As  to  the  latter  it  is  just  possible  that  the  conditions 
of  life  which  in  rare  cases  have  been  adopted  may 
operate  unfavourably,  as,  for  instance,  when  the 
plants  prow  in  or  over  running  water,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  spores  as  they  fall  are  carried  away  by 
the  current,  and  fail  to  reach  any  place  in  which  they 
could  succeed. 

I  must  guard  myself  here,  parenthetically,  from  the 
possible  imputation  of  having  overlooked  numerous 
plants  in  which  it  may  be  urged  analogy  to  this  sub- 
ject exists,  which  habitually  reproduce  their  kind  from 
buds,  such  as  bulbs  and  various  arundinaceous  sub- 
jects, while  still,  in  nearly  all  cases,  retaining  and 
exercising  undiminished  sexual  generation  ;  but  a 
little  consideration  will  show  that  this  form  of  bud 
production,  while  of  a  character  to  afford  an  assured 
permanence  to  the  species  (in  cultivation,  at  least),  as 
is    shown    by   the    Banana,    Plantain,    Sugai-caue, 


Breadfruit,  &c. — plants  which  have  abandoned  the 
exercise  of  generative  functions— is  radically  distinct. 
But  beyond  the  fundamental  difference  of  character  of 
the  budding  in  those  cases  alluded  to,  it  is  an  integral 
and  uniformly  constant  feature,  common  to  large 
assemblages,  while  in  Ferns  it  is  limited  to  relatively 
few  species,  and  fortuitous  and  acquired  where  it 
exists,  as  its  presence  or  absence  among  the  indi- 
viduals of  a  species — of  which  I  have  before  given 
instances,  and  shall  have  occasion  to  mention  others 
presently— is  proof.  But  now  to  return  from  this 
explanation. 

I  have  before  said  that  I  write  merely  as  an  out- 
door observer,  not  an  experimental  investigator, 
and  consequently  I  may  be  in  ignorance  of  facts 
which  close  investigation  and  experiment  could  alone 
reveal  ;  which  facts  might  possibly  show  that  some  of 
the  proliferous  species,  from  some  condition  of  im- 
potency  in  the  spores,  are  not  so  fertile  as  their 
prolific  spore  production  seems  to  indicate.  But  any 
general  participation  in  such  a  condition,  if  it  exists 
and  operates  at  all,  is  exceedingly  improbable.  To 
determine  it  a  series  of  careful  experiments  in  culti- 
vating the  spores  of  the  different  species,  with  full 
knowledge  of  all  the  circumstances  necessary  to  suc- 
cess, would  be  required. 

I  have,  however,  in  mind  a  few  cases,  which  may 
be  taken  as  probably  indicative  of  all,  observed  in 
their  wild  state,  that  are  undoubtedly  produced  pro- 
lificly  from  spores.  Such  are  Ceratopteris  thalic- 
troides,  Brong. ;  Aspidium  vivarum.  Fee  ;  A.  Plasch- 
nictrianum,  Kze.  ;  Nephrodium  scolopendrioides, 
H.  K.  ;  Polypodium  reptans,  Sw.  ;  Gymnogramma 
schizophylla.  Baker;  Ilemionitis  palmata,  L.,  and 
others.  These  I  have  noticed  springing  up  plenti- 
fully on  the  rocks  and  banks,  or  other  surfaces  on 
which  they  grow,  under  and  about  the  old  plants 
from  which  the  spores  had  been  shed.  Some  of  these 
species,  it  may  be  objected,  are  not  very  freely  pro- 
liferous. That  is  true,  but  then  it  must  be  acknow- 
ledged that,  on  the  other  hand,  others  of  them  con- 
stantly and  abundantly  are  so  ;  and  for  these  reasons 
I  cite  them  as,  on  the  whole,  average  examples,  not 
sought,  but  casually  observed,  where  doubtless  others 
might  have  been  detected  if  examined  with  this  view, 
which  prove  that  proliferated  Ferns  are  not  genera- 
tively  sterile.  I  admit,  as  just  before  suggested,  that 
physical  conditions  of  growth  may  in  rare  cases  make 
this  reproductive  agency  more  or  less  ineffective. 
Ceratopteris  presents  an  instance  of  how  such  a  result 
does  in  its  case  to  a  very  considerable  extent  occur. 
This  is  an  aquatic  species,  and  during  the  rainy 
season  in  Guiana  it  vegetates  in  far  greater  profusion 
than  elsewhere  from  spores  on  the  moist  surfaces 
about  the  lakes  and  trenches  in  which  the  plants  live, 
perishing  to  the  same  extent  as  the  water  shrinks  with 
the  advent  of  dry  weather.  The  bud-produced  plants, 
however,  nearly  always  succeed,  as,  springing  from 
the  prostrate  leaves  of  plants  that  from  their  favour- 
able location  have  reached  maturity,  their  permanent 
aqueous  circumstances  insure  their  survival.  The 
aquatic  state  of  Aspidium  macrophyllum,  Sw.,  in 
which  most  of  the  spores  fall  on  running  water,  and 
are  carried  away,  is  a  nearly  similar  instance,  the 
bud-produced  plants  supplying  the  loss  of  spores. 
But  there  are  exceptional  cases  in  which  proliferation 
seems  to  meet  accompanying  exceptional  physical 
disabilities,  and  that  do  not  affect  the  unquestionably 
favourable  and  successful  general  rule. 

If,  then,  they  possess  no  general  countervailing 
defect,  the  proliferate  species  have  a  great  repro- 
ductive advantage  over  the  non-proliferate.  I  can- 
not assert,  however,  that  the  result  which  might 
be  expected  to  follow  this,  viz.,  a  greater  preponder- 
ance in  individuals  of  these  species,  obtains.  Some  of 
those  which  possess  this  reproductive  advantage  exist 
no  doubt  in  large  communities  and  vast  abundance, 
but  so  also  to  an  equal  extent  do  others  in  which  it 
is  never  found.  Possibly  there  is  some  equalising 
law  ruling  the  matter  not  readily  detected  or  easily 
observed,  when  known,  in  its  operations.  Over- 
production in  relation  to  area  would  defeat  itself,  and 
area  is  more  or  less  restricted  by  the  operation  of  the 
necessary  atmospheric,  physical,  and  mechanical  con- 
ditions, beyond  which,  each  according  to  its  needs, 
these  plants  cannot  extend. 

The  conclusions,  then,  these  observations  lead  to 
are — that  proliferation  is  a  great  aid  in  reproduction, 
but  except,  possibly,  in  some  unusual  instances  in 
which  the  conditions  of  the  environment  are  un- 
favourable, and  which  are  very  rare,  there  is  no 
evidence  that  it  is  essential  to  the  purpose  which  it 


December  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


789 


serves  so  greatly.     This,  however,  does  not  cover  the 

whole  scope  of  its  potential  and  operative   agency. 
G.  S.  yettmatt, 

{To  be  cr>n!i,n,c,l.) 


RARE 


OLD      GARDENING 
BOOKS. 

(A.D.  1612  TO  A.D.  164I.) 
One  sunny  Saturday  in  November  last,  having  a 
leisure  hour  to  spare,  I  wandered  down  by  the  side  of 
the  silvery  Liffy  in  that  particularly  literary  locality 
in  Dublin  known  as  the  Essex  Quay.  It  is  a  place 
thickly  besprinkled  with  second-hand  book-shops, 
into  one  of  which  I  was  tempted  by  seeing  in  the 
dusty  window  a  thin  octavo  volume  ticketed  "  The 
Cornfikte  Herbal,  price  \s."  The  book  proved  to 
be  full  of  small  figures  of  plasts  copied  from  those 
in  Gerard,  Parkinson,  and  other  works,  "curiously 
engraved  on  176  copper  plates."  It  was,  moreover, 
'*a  new  edition,"  printed  in  London  by  J.  D. 
Dewick,  of  Aldersgate  Street,  for  Lackington,  Allen 
&  Co.,  Temple  of  the  Muses,  Finsbury  Square  :  1S05. 
The  published  price,  as  stated  on  the  plainly 
printed  titlepage,  was  "Fourteen  shillings,  boards." 
In  turning  over  the  leaves  of  this  little  volume,  after 
glancing  at  the  portrait  of  the  author  or  compiler 
— "James  Newton,  M.D. " — as  it  appeared  opposite 
the  title,  I  found  it  contained  "an  alphabetical 
table  of  the  names  of  such  authors,  both  ancient  and 
modern,  as  are  often  cited  in  this  volume,  their 
principal  botanic  writings,  the  year  they  were  pub- 
lished, and  the  number  of  their  icons  [or  plates]  of 
plants,  and  also  the  country  the  ^authors  were  of." 
This  list  of  old  authors  tempted  me  to  buy  the  book, 
and  one  of  the  first  entries  to  catch  my  eye  was  this  : 
— "  Joh.  Theodorus  du  'Bty  viio\.e  Fhyilegia,  1612, 
enlarged  by  Matthias  Merian,  1641,  folio."  The 
principal  reason  why  this  particular  entry  appealed 
to  me  was  the  fact,  that  but  a  short  time  pre- 
viously Canon  EUacombe,  of  Bitton,  had  very  kindly 
lent  me  a  copy  of  Merian's  Florilegium  Reno- 
vatuvi  (1641},  and  in  the  absence  of  the  original,  by 
Da  Bry  (which,  by  the  way,  I  should  be  very  glad 
to  see)  this  is  the  work  to  which  I  shall  first  refer. 
The  book  was  published  at  Frankfort,  and  is  a  small 
folio  about  the  size,  and,  say,  half  the  thickness  of  Par- 
kinson's well  known  Parailisiis,  or  a  Garden  of  Pleasant 
Flowers,  In  the  beginning  are  various  designs,  plans, 
&(;.,  and  thirty-two  plates,  and  after  these  come 
142  plates  of  old  garden  plants,  beginning,  as  do  so 
many  of  the  old  works  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries,  with  a  plate  of  the  "  Crown  Imperial,"  and 
ending  with  a  double  plate  of  what  appears  to  be 
Yucca  gloriosa.  The  last  plate  is  unnumbered,  and 
represents  a  leafy  branch  protruding  through  the 
centre  of  a  fiower  of  a  double  Rose,  this,  no  doubt, 
being  thought  a  very  singular  freak  of  Nature  at  the 
time.  Merian  tells  us  at  the  end  of  his  preface  that 
he  has  re-edited  the  work  of  Bry,  and  added  more 
than  thirty  plates,  these  being  those  previously  alluded 
to  at  the  commencement  of  the  book. 

The  plates  represent,  for  the  most  part,  the  then 
popular  garden  flowers,  such  as  Lilies,  Tulips,  Nar- 
cissus, Iris,  Crocus,  Pasonies,  &c.,  and  the  beginning 
of  the  passion  for  "  florists'  fiowers  "  is  shown  in  the 
illustrations  of  Primulas,  Auriculas,  French  and 
African  Marigolds,  double  Roses,  Poppies,  Pinks, 
and  Carnations,  which,  with  Stocks  single  and 
double,  Anemones,  Ranunculus,  and  Sweet  Williams, 
are  scattered  here  and  there  through  these  pictured 
pages.  I  commend  this  old  work  to  the  attention  of 
the  ever-increasing  lovers  of  Queen  Iris,  since  many 
English,  Spanish  and  German  forms  are  figured,  as 
also  the  great  speckled  flowers  of  S.  susiana  major 
(t.  50),. and  S.  susiana  minor  (t.  60)  (?  =  I.  iberica). 
The  Carnations  have  fringed  edges,  but  some  are 
very  remarkable  in  size,  those  figured  on  pp.  52,  53, 
and  54,  being  nearly  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  very 
double. 

Personally  I  am  more  interested  in  the  Narcissi 
here  represented  than  in  the  other  flowers,  and  so  in 
the  main  purpose  to  devote  my  more  critical  remarks 
to  these  lovely  flowers  of  the  springtide  days. 
Plate  12  is  devoted  to  three  forms  of  N.  Tazetta. 
On  plate  13  is  a  four-flowered  scape  of  Musart's 
orientalis,  the  "double  Roman,"  the  Jonquil  both 
single  and  double  (the  latter  being  a  peculiarly  small 
variety),  N.  odorus,  and  N.  serotinus,  the  small  white 
autumnal  species.  Plate  14  shows  N,  poeticus,  two 
forms  of  N,  Tazetta,  N.  bulbocodium,  and  the  small 


single-flowered  Jonquil.  On  plate  15  are  three  or 
four  forms  of  the  DalTodil,  single  and  double,  a 
curious  form  of  N.  incomparabilis,  having  a  wrinkled 
yellow  cup  like  that  of  N.  montanus,  and  a  smaller 
variety  of  Hooped  Petticoat  or  Corbularia.  A  very 
curious  semi-double  form  of  N.  poeticus  is  figured  on 
p.  16.  The  smallest  flowered  single  Jonquil  is  figured 
on  p.  117,  and  a  form  of  N.  "double  Roman"  on 
plate  123.  On  plate  134  is  a  fine  seven-flowered 
spike  of  Musart's  orientalis,  also  a  three-flowered 
scape  of  a  similar  variety  with  larger  flowers,  and  two 
forms  of  N.  poeticus,  one  the  late  and  the  other  the 
early-flowering  stellate  flowered  kind. 

Plate  135  shows  three  very  singular  long-crowned 
Daffodils  resembling  N.  muticus,  one  yellow,  and  a 
larger  and  a  smaller  white.  "  Narcissus  anglicus 
albus  calice  luteo,"  on  the  same  plate,  may  be  a  deep 
cupped  N.  Tazetta  ;  and  there  are  also  two  figures  of 
double  flowered  kinds,  one,  if  not  both,  being  N. 
poeticus  fl.-pl. 

Plate  136  contains  figures  of  a  large  Jouble  Daffo- 
dil, also  of  a  fine  form  of  N.  incomparabilis,  a  double 
yellow  DafTodil  called  "  double  yellow  Trombon,"  the 
cup  only  being  double.  On  this  plate,  also,  is  the 
small  white    Hooped   Petticoat,  and  three  varieties 


us   MIIfOR   LUTBUS   . 


which  are  called  "  Narcissus  de  Campe,"  and  may 
possibly  be  wild  hybrids  near  N.  Bernardi.  One  has 
two  flowers  on  a  scape,  the  other  two  have  larger 
stellate  perianth  lobes,  the  one  white  with  a  yellow 
cup,  the  other  white  with  an  orange-rimmed  yellow 
chalice  as  crown. 

All  these  plates,  moreespecially  the  two  last-named, 
are  worthy  of  the  attention  of  those  interested  in  the 
early  history  of  the  Narcissi. 

There  are  one  or  two  double-flowered  varieties  of 
Iris  illustrated  in  this  book,  also  a  giant  form  of  the 
Lily  of  the  Valley  on  plate  132.  The  Passion-flower 
is  illustrated  as  a  great  rarity,  and  there  are  two 
engravings  of  the  Mexican  Tiger  Iris,  which,  how- 
ever, had  not  been  introduced  to  gardens. 

In  Johnson's  edition  of  Gerard's  Herbal,  p.  121, 
chapter  S3  is  devoted  to  figures  and  descriptions  "  of 
two'feigned  plants."  One  appears  to  be  a  Barba- 
cenia,  and  the  other  is,  without  doubt,  intended  for 
Tigridia  pavonia.  Old  Gerard  did  not  believe  there 
were  such  plants,  or  as  he  puts  it  (v.,  p.  122)  "  we 
assuredly  persuade  ourselves  that  there  are  no  such 
plants  but  meere  fictions  and  devices  as  we  terme  them 
to  give  his  friend  a  gudgeon  1  " 

Johnson,  however,  has  appended  a  note  in  which 
he  says,  "These  two  have  been  thought  commenticious 
or  feigned,  yet  Bauhinius  seemeth  to  vindicate  the 
latter,  and  John  Theodorus  de  Bry  in  his  Florilegium 


hath  set  it  forth.  He  gives  two  figures  therof,  this 
which  we  here  give  you  being  the  one,  but  the  other 
is  far  more  elegant  and  better  resembles  a  naturall 
plant  ...  All  that  De  Dry  saith  thereof  is  this  : 
'  Flos  Tigris  ruber  egregie,  circa  medium  tamen 
pallet,  albusque  et  maculatis  :  ex  Mexico  a  Casparo 
Bauhino.'  That  is,  'Flos  Tigris  is  wondrous  red, 
yet  it  is  pale,  and  whitish  about  the  middle,  and  also 
spotted.  It  came  from  about  Mexico  ;  I  had  it  from 
Caspar  Bauhin.' "  All  of  which  proved  to  be  quite 
true,  seeing  that  the  Mexican  Tiger  Flower  is  one  of 
the  most  gorgeously  beautiful  realities  in  our  gardens 
to-day  ! 

In  this  fine  old  book  we  see  that  the  English  Iris 
were  as  fine  then  as  now,  particularly  the  large  white 
variety,  which  has  for  many  years  existed  as  a  great 
favourite  in  old  gardens  in  the  Noith  of  Ireland,  to 
which  tradition  says  it  was  brought  by  the  Hugue- 
nots, who  brought  also  the  art  of  damask  weaving, 
when  driven  from  their  homes  in  France.  Double 
Anemones  were  also  many  and  various,  and  the 
great-flowered  Iris  susiana  also  seems  to  have  been  a 
favourite  of  the  time. 

Another  interesting  old  folio  is  the  Jardin  du  Roy, 
by  Pierre  Vallet,  Brodeur  Ordinaire  du  Roy  :  I1623, 
It  has  a  fine  architectural  frontispiece,  having  a  view 
of  a  formal  garden  of  the  epoch  in  the  centre,  and 
effigies  of  Clusius  and  Lobel,  one  on  either  side.  The 
plates  are  etched  on  copper,  the  short  descriptions 
being  in  French  at  the  commencement  of  the  book. 
There  are  several  plates  of  Narcissi,  some  original 
and  the  others  for  the  most  part  copied  from  the 
Florilegium  of  Du  Bry.  The  first  Narcissus  illus- 
trated in  this  work  is  a  most  singular  one.  It  is 
called  "N.  hyspanicus  minor  amplo  calice,  foliis 
reflexis,"and  has  the  reflexed  perianth  of  N.  trian- 
drus,  with  a  long  trumpet  like  that  of  a  Daffodil. 
Fig.  57  represents  N.  triandrus  pulchellus,  several 
N.  Tazettas  from  Du  Bry's  book  being  also  arranged 
on  the  same  page.  Fig.  65,  "  N.  totus  candidus 
patulo  calice  major,  "  is  a  singular  variety,  unknown 
to-day,  having  four- flowered  scapes  of  N.  Macleayi- 
like  flowers.  Nos.  67  and  68  represent  two  fine  large- 
flowered  forms  of  N.  triandrus. 

The  last  work  I  shall  now  mention  is  Theatrum 
Flor,e,  folio,  published  in  1637.  Both  the  frontis- 
piece and  ornate  titlepage  are  well  designed  and 
beautifully  etched  on  copper,  flowers  and  figures 
being  combined  in  a  pleasing  manner.  The  full  title 
is  as  follows  : — "  Theatrum  Flortr.  In  quo  ex  toto 
orbe  select!  mirabiles,  venustiores  ac  prcecipui  Flores, 
tanquam  ab  ipsius  Dei  sinu  proferuntur."  The  im- 
print is,  "  LutetiDe  Parisiorum,  apud  Petrum  Firens, 
A.D.  1637."  It  is  a  very  interesting  book,  the  plates 
being  both  faithfully  and  artistically  drawn  evidently 
by  some  masterly  hand.  The  Narcissus  plates  com- 
mence at  t.  15,  on  which  page  there  are  shown  two 
forms  of  the  "double  Roman"  variety,  as  also  the 
single  N.  poeticus  and  its  double  variety.  Plate  16 
shows  three  forms  of  N.  Tazetta,  including  a  very 
fine  form  of  the  "  paper-white "  variety,  so  much 
esteemed  as  a  forcing  bulb  in  our  gardens  to-day. 

Two  varieties  of  N.  Tazetta  (and  a  good  specimen 
of  the  mole  cricket)  are  illustrated  on  plate  17,  and  so 
also  the  eighteenth  plate  shows  us  forms  of  N.  Tazetta 
large  and  small,  both  yellow  and  white.  Plate  19  is 
interesting  as  containing  one  or  two  varieties  not 
often  seen  in  modern  gardens.  One  of  these,  called 
"  N.  omnium  maxinius  sub  albus,  calice  luteo,"  is  as 
large  as  Sir  Watkin  or  the  Welsh  Peerless,  but  is,  as 
I  imagine,  in  reality  the  same  as  a  yet  rarer  kind 
which  our  good  friend  Mr.  Walker  has  introduced  to 
notice  recently  under  the  name  of  Dr.  Gorman. 
Another  peculiar  variety,  called  "  N.  candidus  medio 
luteus,  patulo  calice,"  looks  very  much  like  a  small 
broad-petalled  variety  of  N.  Nelsoni— say  N,  pul- 
chellus of  our  friend  Mr.  Barr.  Another,  "  N. 
pyrenK(?)  flore  albo  amplo  calice,"  resembles  N. 
Macleayi,  and  there  is  on  the  same  plate  a 
two-flowered  scape  of  a  similar  variety.  Plate  20 
shows  us  figures  of  seven  or  eight  Daffodils  (Ajax), 
both  single  and  double.  "  N.  hyspanicus,  pumilus, 
flore  luteo  amplo  calice,"  is  either  a  small  N.  minor 
or  N.  minimus.  Another,  this  time  a  giant  variety, 
is  called  "  N.  luteus  hisp.  major  amplo  calice,"  and 
if  not  really  the  N.  maximus  of  our  modern  gardens 
(Dutch  form),  it  closely  resembles  that  variety.  The 
lovely  white,  or  "  SilverTrumpet,"  N.  cernuus,  is  well 
figured  under  the  name  of  "  N.  silvestris  lotus  alhus 
amplo  calice,"  and  a  yellow  variety,  quite  like  Mr. 
Barr's  N.  princeps,  is  called  "  N.  luteus  hyspanicus 
amplo  calice  flore  nutante. "     A  form  of  the  common 


790 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  1885. 


double  Daffodil  is  also  shown  along  wi!h  a  good 
figure  of  N.  Eystetensis  (=  N.  capax).  Here  again 
we  find  a  figure  of  the  extremely  singular  "  Narcissus 
hyspanicus?  minor  luteus  amplo  calice  foliis  refiexis," 
having  a  long  drooping  crown  or  trumpet  like  a 
Daffodil,  and  reflexed  narrow  perianth  lobes  like  some 
forms  of  N.  triandrus.  This  is  such  a  curious  thing  that 
I  give  a  small  tracing  of  the  flower  (fig.  185)  in  the 
hope  that  some  modern  groper  atler  old  Daffodils  may 
recognise  this  as  an  old  friend  if  he  should  perchance 
meet  with  it  in  his  rambles  during  the  next  spring. 
On  plate  21  are  figures  of  three  or  four  "  Snowflakes" 
and  of  the  "Snowdrop,"  also  two  forms  of  N.  bulbo- 
codium  (Corbularia).  A  small  variety,  perhaps  N. 
nivalis,  is  called  "Pseudo-Narcissus  montanus  hys- 
panicus flote-aureo,"  being  a  small  golden  Hooped 
Petticoat.  A  very  large  variety,  which  I  take 
to  be  the  giant  N.  citrinus,  or  "straw-coloured 
Hooped  Petticoat,"  is  called  "  Pseudo-Narcissus 
Pyrsneus  flore  subluteo,  amplo  calice  juncifolius." 
As  figured  in  this  old  Theatre  it  is  evidently  a  large, 
bold  flower,  of  good  substance.  On  plate  22,  N. 
odorus  {Campernelle),  N.  odorus  heminalis  ;  the  true 
Jonquil,  single  and  double,  are  shown,  and  also  the 
late-blooming  white  N.  serotinus  of  Tangiers,  under 
the  name  of  "  N.  albus  medio  obsoletus  autumnalis." 
Or  is  it  N.  elegans  ?  At  any  rate,  the  leaves  are  shown 
as  synchronous  with  the  flowers,  so  that  the  last- 
named  may,  after  all,  be  the  one  intended.  On  this 
same  plate  is  a  faithful  figure  of  N.  triandrus  var. 
albus,  so  that  one  looks  on  the  curious  little  "  reflexed 
Daffodil "  on  plate  20  with  all  the  more  interest, 
seeing  that  this  one  is  so  truly  drawn. 

01  the  many  other  garden  flowers  alluded  to  in  this 
old  work  I  need  say  but  little.  The  Tulips  were  as 
good,  perhaps,  then  as  now.  Not  so  the  Hyacinths, 
which  were  thin  and  spire-like  in  spike. 

Otnilhogalums.  Alliums,  the  "  St.  Bruno's  Lily," 
and  true  Lilies  are  well  represented.  There  is  on 
plate  33  a  sketch  of  the  bulb  of  Lilium  canadense 
most  beautifully  drawn  ;  so,  too,  the  bulb  and  in- 
florescence of  Lilium  chalcedonicum  on  plate  36. 
The  "Chequered  Daffodils,"  or  Fritillarias,  Crocus, 
Dog's-tooth  Violets,  Colchici  and  Iris  "of  sorts,"  as 
the  bulb  lists  say,  are  also  gracefully  shown.  That  the 
Anemone  was  then  a  most  popular  "floiisls'  flower" 
these  old  folio  volumes  amply  prove,  and  the  sketches 
of  the  Asiatic  Ranunculus,  of  Cyclamens,  of  Roses, 
Carnations,  Hepaticas,  Primroses,  and  Bell-flowers, 
are  enough  to  make  one  take  up  the  ardent  culture  of 
hardy  flowers  as  a  very  labour  of  love.  One  thing 
these  old  works  put  clearly  before  us,  is  the  fact  that 
the  modern  liking  for  hardy  flowers  is  a  ictiaisancc^ 
seeing  that  they  were  thus  popular  two  centuries  and 
a  half  ago.  F,  W,  Biirhidge, 


A  SELECT  LIST  OF  THIRTY 
PEARS,  SUITABLE  FOR  GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

i.Co«d,ah-df,vm  p.  537.) 

16.  Mai khal licla  Cotir  [vj-a.  Conseiller  de  laCour). 
— Large,  handsome,  and  good,  is  the  general  verdict 
given  of  this  Pear.  Although  handsome,  it  is  singular 
how  diverse  and  irregularly  shaped  they  generally  ate, 
no  two  fruits  being  quite  of  the  same  form.  When 
well  grown  the  fruits  are  often  very  large — long 
pyriform  shaped,  skin  uniformly  freckled,  greenish- 
russet,  flesh  tender,  melting,  very  juicy,  with  a  fine 
brisk  acid  flavour  ;  should  be  gathered  beginning  of 
October,  becoming  fit  for  use  middle  of  November. 
Tree  of  free  growth,  only  moderately  fruitful. 

17.  Doyenne  du  Cornice.  —  Unquestionably  the 
finest  Pear  in  cultivation,  l-'ruits  large,  roundish 
turbinate  in  shape,  skin  greenish-yellow,  sometimes 
splashed  with  netted  russet  on  one  side  and  frequently 
coloured  on  the  exposed  side.  Flesh  white,  buttery, 
extremely  tender  and  juicy,  sweet  and  richly  flavoured. 
Fit  to  gather  in  the  beginning  of  October,  becoming  fit 
for  use  during  November.  The  tree  is  a  free  grower, 
succeeding  well  on  the  Quince.  A  moderate  cropper  ; 
should  be  grown  in  every  garden. 

iS.  Beurie  ii;V/.— This  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  the 
good  French  Pears,  and  still  one  of  the  finest  in 
certain  situations.  The  fruits  are  large  and  hand- 
some, turbinate  in  shape,  and  covered  with  freckled 
russet  throughout.  Flesh  somewhat  gritty,  but  sweet 
and  pleasantly  flavoured.  Ripens  generally  at  the  end 
of  November.    Tree,  a  great  bearer  and  a  free  grower. 

19.  Filmaslon  Duchess.— Out  of  the  largest  and 
handsomest  of  Pears  in  cultivation,  and  although  not 


of  the  first  quality  it  is  held  in  the  highest  repute 
by  growers  for  market.  The  fruits  are  very  large,  of 
regular  pyriform  shape,  greenish-yellow  in  colour, 
becoming  bright  yellow  when  fully  ripe.  It  be^rs 
some  resemblance  to  examples  of  Marie  Louise,  both 
in  appearance  and  the  texture  and  quality  of  the 
flesh,  although  inferior  to  that  variety.  It  requires 
to  be  grown  on  a  wall  to  secure  it  in  the  best  condi- 
tion. It  should  be  gathered  early  in  October,  and 
ripens  towards  the  end  of  the  month  or  in  November. 
It  was  raised  by  Mr.  Williams,  of  Pitmaston,  and 
sent  out  under  the  name  of  Williams'  Pitmaston 
Duchesse  d'Angouleme— which  name,  being  too  long 
and  misleading,  was  subsequently  altered  to  Pitmaston 
Duchess. 

20.  Ghii  A/eiyeati. — A  general  favourite.  This 
is  one  of  the  standard  Pears  in  cultivation,  of  large 
size,  fine  handsome  appearance,  of  excellent  quality, 
and  a  free  and  constant  cropper.  When  grown 
against  a  wall  the  fruits  grow  to  a  large  size,  and  have 
a  very  clean  skin,  but  they  are  not  equal  in  quality 
to  the  smaller  and  rougher  examples  grown  on  pyramid 
or  standard  trees.  The  flesh  of  the  Glou  Moii,eau  is 
particularly  tender  and  buttery,  and  sometimes  richly 
flavoured,  but  is  somewhat  uncertain.  The  fruits 
should  be  allowed  to  hang  on  the  trees  until  the  end  of 
October— as  late  as  possible,  or  if  gathered  in  succes- 
sion a  supply  from  the  middle  of  November  until 
Christmas  may  be  maintained. 

21.  IVintcr  Nelis. — By  many  this  is  considered  to 
be  the  very  best  of  Pears,  and  in  its  season  it  has 
certainly  few  rivals  in  point  of  quality.  One  great 
merit  it  possesses,  that  is,  in  being  uniformly  good, 
every  fruit  grown  being  of  uniform  quality.  In  re- 
gard to  size  it  is  wanting,  for,  excepting  it  is  specially 
well  grown,  the  fruits  are  small.  The  skin  is 
greenish-yellow,  almost  entirely  covered  with  rough 
brown  russet,  and  the  eye  is  nearly  always  wanting. 
The  flesh  is  greenish,  very  melting,  juicy,  sweet,  and 
richly  flavoured.  The  tree  is  a  tolerably  free  bearer, 
and  the  (ruit  requires  to  be  gathered  late  in  October, 
becoming  fit  for  use  about  Christmas.  It  succeeds 
best  on  a  wall  or  sheltered  pyramid. 

22.  Passe  Coln:ar.—\a  some  situations  there  is  no 
finer  Pear  grown  than  Passe  Colmar.  In  others  it  is 
wanting  in  flavour  somewhat.  The  fruits  are  generally 
below  medium  size,  but  where  well  cultivated  they 
are  sometimes  large.  Skin  greenish-yellow,  flushed 
on  the  exposed  side  with  crimson.  Flesh  white, 
firm  or  crisp,  juicy,  and  richly  flavoured.  Tree  a 
great  bearer.  The  fruit  should  be  gathered  at  the  end 
of  October  ;  fit  for  use  during  December. 

23.  Zcphiriii  Grc-otre. — This  is  by  no  means  so 
generally  cultivated  as  it  deserves  to  be.  The  fruits  are 
a  little  below  medium  size,  roundish,  skin  pale  green 
or  greenish-yellow,  somewhat  uneven  surface.  Flesh 
white,  melting,  very  juicy,  and  almost  always  richly 
flavoured.  Tree  a  moderate  bearer  on  the  (luince, 
and  requires  a  wall.  The  fruit  should  be  gathered  at 
the  end  of  October ;  it  becomes  fit  for  use  at  the  end 
of  December  and  January. 

~  24.  Benrre  Kance.—\a  old,  greatly  valued,  and 
truly  excellent  "ear,  but  somewhat  varied  and  uncer- 
tain in  regard  to  quality.  A  good  warm  season  is 
required  to  secure  it  in  the  very  finest  condition,  and 
then  it  is  extremely  rich  ;  af  other  times  it  is  very 
watery  and  insipid.  Fruit  large,  pyriform;  skingreen, 
rough,  occasionally  flaked  with  russet,  and  flushed 
bronze  on  the  exposed  side.  Flesh  green,  somewhat 
granular,  very  juicy  or  watery,  sometimes  very  richly 
flavoured.  Tree  a  great  bearer,  requires  a  wall  or 
sheltered  bush  or  pyramid.  The  fruit  should  be 
allowed  to  hang  late  on  the  tree  before  gathering  ; 
it  is  fit  for  use  December  and  January. 

25.  Beurre  S/erehmatts  or  'Doyetiiie  Skrchiians.— 
This  fine  Pear  is  slowly  gaining  reputation.  It  is  of 
the  Passe  Colmar  type.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  pyri- 
form shape,  flattened  at  the  apex,  skin  greenish- 
yellow,  beautifully  streaked  and  flushed  with  crimson 
on  the  exposed  side.  Flesh  white,  firm,  crisp, 
moderately  jaicy  and  sweet,  and  pleasantly  flavoured. 
Tree  a  very  free  bearer  on  the  Quince  as  a  pyramid. 
Gathered  late  in  October,  becomes  fit  for  use  in 
January. ' 

26.  Josephine  tie  Valines,  —  This  is  a  universal 
favourite,  being  uniformly  good  at  all  times  and  in 
all  places.  The  fruts  are  only  of  medium  size,  of  a 
flattened  pyriform  shape,  and  very  regular  ;  skin 
smooth,  greenish-yellow,  with  small  patches  of 
russet  near  to  the  eye  and  stalk  ;  stalk  long,  flesh 
buttery,  melting,  and  juicy,  of  a  reddish  tinge,  very 
richly  flavoured.     Tree  a  moderate  cropper  ;  requires 


a  wall.     Comes  into  use  from  Christmas  to  February. 
A  very  valuable  Pear. 

27.  Beurre  de  Jonghe. — This  is  comparatively  a 
new  Pear,  but  one  which  is  destined  to  become  largely 
cultivated.  The  fruits  are  of  medium  size,  long, 
pyriform  in  shape,  very  short,  with  a  thick  stalk,  skin 
thick,  greenish  yellow,  with  patches  of  dull  russet  ; 
flesh  white,  buttery,  melting,  juicy,  and  rich.  Tree 
a  free  bearer,  succeeding  well  as  a  pyramid  on  the 
(juince.  The  fruit  becomes  fit  (or  use  during  the 
month  of  January. 

28.  Ber^amolte  cC E^peren. — A  very  fine  anc)  useful 
late  Pear,  becoming  pretty  generally  cultivated. 
Fruits  of  medium  size,  roundish,  Bergamot  shape, 
with  a  very  long  stalk.  Skin  thick,  green,  very  pro- 
fusely spotted  with  dull  russet  ;  flesh  white,  buttery, 
melting,  juicy,  and  very  pleasantly  flavoured.  Tree  a 
most  profuse  bearer,  succeeding  well  as  a  pyramid  on 
the  Qaince.  The  fruit  is  fit  for  use  during  January 
and  February. 

29.  Easter  Beurr!. — One  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  Pears  in  cultivation,  a  variety  that  cannot 
readily  be  dispensed  with,  although  it  is  extremely 
uncertain  in  regard  to  quality  in  many  places  and  in 
some  seasons.  Fruits  large,  obovate,  skin  smooth, 
greenish-yellow,  sometimes  flushed  on  the  exposed 
side.  Flesh  white,  very  buttery,  melting,  and  of  fine 
flavour.  Becomes  fit  for  use  in  December,  and  con- 
tinues ripening  in  succession  through  the  winter. 

30.  Olii'ier  de  Serres. — A  comparatively  new  Pear, 
but  very  highly  esteemed  by  those  who  have  cultivated 
it.  Fruits  of  medium  size,  round  or  oblate.  Eye 
very  large,  skin  thick,  coated  with  a  uniform  dark 
brown  russet.  I'lesh  white,  buttery,  melting,  and 
very  pleasantly  flavoured.  Tree  a  very  free  bearer, 
succeeding  well  on  the  Quince.  A  first-class  late 
Pear,  in  season  during  January  and  February.  A.  F.  B, 


FERN  CULTURE. 

Ferns  are  so  universally  popular,  and  are  now 
used  in  such  a  variety  of  ways,  that  the  demand  for 
plants  of  all  sizes  has  considerably  increased  during 
the  last  few  years;  and  it  requires  some  skill  and 
management  to  keep  up  a  supply  throughout  the 
year;  especially  of  smll  plants  suitable  for  the  fancy 
pots  which  are  now  so  much  used.  __For  this  purpose 
the  plants  must  be  of  a  limited  size,  and  to  have  nice 
healthy  plants  it  is  necessary  to  make  successive  sow- 
ings. Although  the  spores  germinate  most  freely 
during  the  spring  and  summer,  yet,  under  favourable 
circumstances,  they  may  be  induced  to  grow  at  any 
season  of  the  year,  even  during  the  dull  months  of 
November  and  December. 

To  ensure  success  in  raising  Ferns  from  spores  it 
is  of  the  first  importance  that  the  fertile  fronds  should 
be  collected  at  the  proper  time,  and  they  should 
always  be  selected  from  plants  grown  in  isolated  posi- 
tions as  far  as  possible  ;  as,  where  several  sorts 
come  in  contact  with  one  another  the  spores, 
which  float  about  freely,  will  often  settle  on  the 
fronds  of  different  sorts,  and  it  becomes  difficult  to 
ensure  a  crop  of  the  particular  sort  that  is  desired. 
Xephrodium  molle,  Pteris  longifolia,  and  some  of  the 
Gymnogrammas,  are  among  the  most  troublesome 
Fern-weed?,  and  should  never  be  allowed  to  come  in 
contact  with  those  that  are  required  to  be  increased. 
The  best  lime  to  collect  the  fertile  fronds  is  just  as 
the  spore-cases  begin  to  open  ;  as  soon  as  the  fronds 
are  taken  off  they  should  be  folded  up  in  paper,  and 
if  put  in  a  warm  dry  placj,  in  a  few  days  there  will 
be  plenty  of  spores  ready  for  sowing  ;  or  they  will 
keep  in  good  condition  for  a  very  long  period.  As 
good  fertile  fronds  of  many  sorts  are  only  to  be  had  at 
certain  seasons,  it  is  necessary  to  be  on  the  look-out 
so  as  to  secure  them  when  they  are  obtainable, 
bearing  in  mind  that  it  is  better  to  have  a  little  extra 
stock,  rather  than  to  run  short  of  any  particular  sort. 

Sowing  the  Spores. 
The  plan  we  adopt  is  somewhat  different  to  that 
which  is  usually  advocated — viz.,  we  usually  use 
48-size  pots,  which  are  filled  firmly  to  within  about 
an  inch  of  the  top  with  good  loam,  using  no  drainage 
whatever,  and  after  the  pots  are  filled  they  are 
thoroughly  watered.  Before  sowing  the  spores,  we 
sprinkle  a  little  burnt  ballast  over  the  surface  of  the 
soil,  or  potsherds  powdered  fine  and  sifted  through  a 
fine  sieve.  As  soon  as  the  spores  are  sown,  each  pot 
is  covered  with  a  piece  of  glass  and  stood  in  a  saucer 
of  water  ;  the  saucers  are  not  kept  constantly  filled 
with  water,  but  sufficient  is  given  to  prevent  the  pots 


December  19,  1885.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


791 


requiring  any  surface  watering  ;  the  pots  are  placed 
under  a  stage  near  the  hot-water  pipes,  where  they 
remain  until  the  spores  begin  to  germinate,  they  are 
then  removed  to  a  lighter  position,  and  the  glasses 
are  taken  off  every  morning  until  the  prothallia  are 
well  developed,  when  the  glasses  may  be  dispensed 
with  altogether.  As  soon  as  they  are  sufficiently 
developed  we  prick  them  off  into  pots  or  boxes,  the 
compost  for  which  consists  of  equal  parts  of  loam  and 
peat,  with  a  liberal  allowance  of  sand  added  :  plenty 
of  drainage  is  also  used. 

Ferns,  when  pricked  off  in  a  small  state,  must  be 
lifted  and  replanted  in  patches,  and  these  require 
dividing  again  when  potted  ofFinto  small  pots,  though 
ia  some  cases  they  are  not  divided  singly,  as  when 
grown  in  tufts  of  three  or  four  together  they  are 
more  useful,  and  are  useful  much  sooner  ;  this  espe- 
cially applies  to  Adiantums  gf  different  kinds,  Pteris 
serrulata  and  its  varieties,  P.  hastata,  P.  crelica  and 
its  varieties  ;  while  such  sorts  as  P.  tricolor,  P.  argyrea, 
P,  tremula,  Cyrtomium  falcatum,  or  any  of  the  Gym- 
nograrama?,  are  better  grown  singly.     H, 


j40ME     jUcilFJEgPONDENCJE:. 


Honours  to  Horticulture. — Your  correspondent 
"X."  is,  I  think,  ungenerous  in  assuming  that  I  am 
seeking  my  own  gratification  rather  than  the  advance- 
ment of  the  profession  in  public  estimation.  My 
letter  certainly  affjids  no  just  grounds  for  sucli  an 
assumption,  which  is  altogether  contrary  to  fact. 
"  ,\."  seems  to  me  to  set  too  low  an  estimate  on  the 
intelligence  of  the  horticultural  body,  and  moreover 
shows  a  want  of  kindly  feeling  towards  it  by  insinu- 
ating that  there  would  be  a  "general  scramble  "  for 
what  he  calls  the  "glittering  baubles  "  of  honours. 
Why  here  more  than  elsewhere?  His  letter  recals  to 
my  memory  a  passage  from  the  writings  of  one  of  the 
sages  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Sir  Thomas  Browne  ; 
"Diogenes  I  hold  to  be  the  most  vain-glorious  man 
of  his  time,  and  more  ambitious  in  refusing  all 
honours  than  Alexander  in  rejecting  none."  F.R.Il.S. 

Odontoglossum  ciispum.  —  In  your  issue  of 
the  Sth  inst.  I  am  glad  to  see  "  T.  H.  A."  com- 
mence a  discussion  in  connection  with  Mr.  O'Brien's 
writings  upon  "the  genus  Odontoglossum."  I  hope 
it  will  be  joined  in  by  many  writers  who  have  had 
longer  experience  than  myself,  though,  with  all  due 
deerence  to  Mr.  James  Anderson,  "growers  in  their 
long  clothes"  now  and  then  do  pick  up  some  experi- 
ence after  they  have  paid  for  it.  I  think  there  is  no 
need  to  "  endeavour  to  find  out  the  so-called  species  of 
Odontoglots  that  grow  in  company  with  the  varieties 
of  O.  ciispum."  My  experience  is,  that  this  is  found 
out  easily  enough  without  any  "endeavours,"  as 
O.  Lindleyanum  blooms  out  of  all  importations  of 
bad  and  good  varieties  alike.  I  should  be  far  more 
satisfied  in  one  way,  had  I  only  to  believe  these  two 
grew  "  in  company  "  and  not  see  it,  but  as  a  point  in 
deciding  the  parentage  of  a  hybrid  it  is  of  course 
valuable.  I  have  had  large  batches,  which  in  one 
case  failed  to  bloom  a  single  thick -petalled  round 
form,  and  in  the  other  failing  to  bloom,  a  single  thin- 
petalled  stellate  form,  both  producing  O.  Lindley- 
anum. Personally,  I  do  not  think  the  other  species 
growing  "  in  company  "  with  it,  therefore,  have  the 
slightest  influence  over  the  varieties,  but  the  hybrids 
out  of  that  hatch  are  their  progeny.  I  cannot  agree 
with  "  T.  H.  A."  that  "  O.  odoratum  or  O.  gloriosum 
is  the  male  parent  of  many  of  the  natro*  reflexed- 
petalled  crispums."  What  does  he  do  with  all  the 
spots  and  colour  of  these  two  species  ?  Again,  they 
both  have  a  habit  the  reverse  of  "reflexed."  I  con- 
sider that  the  reason  for  "locality"  of  bad  O.  cris- 
pum  producing  thin  flowers  is  as  Mr.  O'Brien  says 
on  p.  58S,  or  it  may  be  as  explained  by  the 
Editor's   note.     I  always   find  that  in  the   bad  Ihin 


forms  there  are  no  hybrids  (at  least  such  is  my  luck), 
therefore  I  think  they  are  not  influenced  by  their 
"companions."  O.  gloriosum,  if  you  buy  it  in  a 
batch  of  O.  crispum,  is  ready  enough  to  bloom  ;  being 
a  good  grower,  you  find  out  fast  enough  if  it  is  one  of 
the  "companions,"  but  out  of  the  finest  importations 
that  I  know  of,  I  have  not  yet  bloomed  one.  It  is 
impossible  for  a  collector,  no  matter  how  good  a  judge 
he  may  be,  to  discern  and  discard  every  O.  glorio- 
sum, as  the  bulbs  occasionally  are  indistinguishable. 
I  was  once  given  a  magnificent  plant,  with  ten  large 
bulbs,  by  one  who,  I  suppose,  sees  more  O.  crispum 
than  anybody  else,  v/ith  the  words,  "  You  may  have 
that  for  nothing  ;  that  is  only  an  old  gloriosum."  It 
bloomed  a  very  fine  crispum  with  a  heavy  pendulous 
spike,  llowers  as  while  as  snow  :  a  ready-made  bridal 
wreath.  Again,  if  O.  crispum  does  "readily  cross- 
fertilise  "  with  companion  species,  we  should  get  far 
more  hybrids  were  the  "seeds  matured  proving  very 
fertile,"  but  hybrid  seeds  are  seldom  very  fertile.  On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  out  of  the  fine  crispums  that  the 
greater  majority  of  hybrids  come,  thereby  showing 
that  the  fine  varieties  "cross-fertilise"  with  their 
"  companions  "  far  more  than  the  bad  ones.  "T.  II. 
A."  in  the  end  of  his  letter  says,  "  The  thinly-grown 
plants  will  produce  the  fine  flowers  ....  for  a  lime 
after  being  imported,"  therefore  he  infers  that  culture 
after  a  time  will  mar  the  form  of  the  fine  flowers.  If 
this  is  his  own  experience,  I  am  sorry  for  him.  I 
think  I  am  not  alone  in  enjoying  just  the  reverse,  and 
in  one  case,  the  second  year  of  blooming,  one  of  my 
fine  varieties  developed  into  the  form  O.  c.  Roths- 
childianum  described  on  p.  5S9,  having  had  the 
previous  year  no  spols  at  all ;  it  has  never  lost  these 
spots  since,  as  some  people  fancy  the  spots  come 
and  go.  Does  "T.  II.  A."  think  the  wretched  thin 
form  will  ever  grow  into  its  more  valuable  con- 
f rue's  f  If  so,  I  shall  be  glad  to  let  him  have  my  poor 
ones  as  I  bloom  them  at  cost  price.  One  word  more 
as  to  the  cross-fertilisation,  and  seeing  the  parents' 
features  in  the  progeny  if  "  T.  II.  A."  will  look  at  the 
6gure,  on  p.  6S1,  of  O.  Andersonianum  lobatum, 
the  crest  and  column  must  remind  him  of  O. 
Lindleyanum,  as  also  the  wretched  shape  of  the 
flower.  De  13.  Cra-vskay. 

The  White  Hoop-Petticoat  Daffodil.— This 
elegant  little  flower,  which  comes  out  at  a  time  when 
flowers  are  scarcest,  may  be  successfully  raised  by  any 
one  possessing  a  greenhouse,  lor  I  am  quite  sure  that 
the  conditions  of  climate  in  Cheshire  are  as  unfavour- 
able for  it  as  those  of  any  part  of  England.  I  potted 
fifty  bulbs  in  the  summer  of  last  year  in  rich  light 
soil,  and  a  seed-pan  a  foot  square  and  4  inches  deep. 
Most  of  them  flowered  about  Christmas.  They  were 
left  in  the  greenhouse  where  they  had  flowered  until 
about  the  end  of  April,  when  the  leaves  began  to 
wither.  After  this  they  were  put  in  the  sunniest 
position  I  could  give,  either  on  a  south  shelf  in  the 
greenhouse  or  beneath  a  light  under  a  south  wall,  and 
not  a  drop  of  water  was  given  for  five  months,  but 
the  pot  and  bulbs  were  left  to  be  baked.  About  the 
beginning  of  October  they  were  well  watered  and 
brought  into  the  greenhouse,  and  since  then  the  soil 
has  never  been  allowed  to  dry.  They  were  not  re- 
potted or  even  dressed  on  the  surface,  but  are  now 
flowering  well,  most  of  the  bulbs  making  two  flowers. 
I  find  this  drying  and  baking  in  the  sun  in  summer 
by  far  the  best  treatment  for  all  these  Mediterranean 
bulbs,  including  Anemone  fulgens,  which  is  greatly 
improved  by  being  dug  up  in  May  and  left  baking  in 
all  the  sun  there  is  till  the  end  of  September.  Turn- 
ing pots  on  their  side  under  a  stage  may  do  as  a 
makeshift  where  sun  is  plentiful,  but  here  I  never 
waste  a  sunbeam  if  I  can  help  it,  C,  WoUcy  Dod, 
Edge  Hall,  Dec.  14. 

Pruning  and  Planting  Fruit  Trees.— Mr.  G. 
H.  Richards  says  in  the  middle  of  his  article  on  this 
subject  at  p.  75S  that  "As  to  trees  planted  in  good  and 
deep,  well-drained  soil,  and  in  favourable  localities, 
very  few  remarks  are  necessary  as  to  their  ultimate  ma- 
nagement either  in  respect  to  pruning  root  or  branch. 
Fibrous  roots  and  firm  wood  well  set  with  flower-buds 
will  develope  simultaneously,"  adding,  "and  only  after 
several  years'  barrenness  will  it  be  necessary  to  sever  a 
few  of  the  strongest  roots  in  order  to  restore  the  balance 
of  root  and  branch."  But  why  allow  an  interval  of 
"  several  years'  barrenness  "  to  elapse  before  taking 
steps  to  "  restore  the  balance  of  root  and  branch,  and 
the  fertility  of  the  trees  "  ?  By  way  of  supplementing 
Mr,    Richards'   remarks,    I   would   advise  that   cor- 


rective measures  be  taken  as  soon  as  possible 
after  any  tree  or  trees,  indicate  by  scantiness 
of  crop  not  attributable  to  meteorological  influences, 
an  unmistakable  proof  of  waning  fruitfulness.  And 
the  earlier  in  the  summer  that  these  remedial  measures 
are  carried  out  the  better  chance  will  there  be  of 
securing  a  full  crop  of  fruit  from  the  trees  operated 
on  the  following  year.  A  trench  should  be  opened 
to  the  depth  of  3  or  4  feet,  and  a  like  distance  from 
the  trunk  of  the  trees  more  or  less,  according  to  the 
size  of  the  latter — working  the  soil  partly  out  from 
underneath  the  ball  of  earth  and  roots,  and  cutting 
all  the  latter  that  the  operator  comes  in  contact  with 
outside  the  prescribed  space  with  a  sharp  knife, 
afterwards  replacing  the  soil.  The  check  thus  given 
to  the  trees  will  prevent  them  from  making  an  over-, 
luxuriant  growth,  but  on  the  contrary  it  will  induce 
them  to  make  short  consolidated  wood  thickly  set 
with  fruit-buds.  //.  W.  Ward. 


The  Past  Season— Storing  Gladioli  (hybrids 
of  gandavensis). — I  cannot  remember  any  season 
in  which  these  have  been  so  late — as  a  rule — in  lipei)- 
ing  their  foliage,  and,  I  ought  to  add,  their  flowers. 
Some  well-known  varieties,  no  matter  what  time 
planted,  will  rarely  bloom  before  October.  I  have 
had  Duchess  of  Edinburgh  (Kelway)  in  bloom  in 
mid- November,  but  this  year  it  got  seriously  checked 
by  the  S"  of  frost  (24°  Fahr. )  we  had  on  September 
24,  and  did  not  bloom,  but  the  corms  continued  to 
grow  on  vigorously.  The  same  misfortune  happened 
to  Le  Vesuve,  Mrs.  J.-  Eyton  (Kelway)  Marquis  of 
Lothian  (Campbell),  Maggie  (Dobree),  Marica 
(Kelway),  Sir  Stafford  Xorthcote  (Kelway),  and,  if 
I  remember  rightly,  Campbell's  Tel  el  Kebir.  For- 
tunately Mr.  Thornton,  James  Mcintosh,  and  Sara 
Jennings  (Kelway's),  and  as  I  recollect,  four  of 
Souchet's,  were  opening  the  lower  blooms  on  the 
spikes  that  evening,  and  seeing  the  threatening  for 
frost,  I  cut  them  S  inches  below  the  first  bloom — this 
is  important — kept  some  in  vases  in  clean  water,  and 
gave  away  .'others.  Every  bloom  on  the  spikes  of 
those  opened  magnificently  during  the  ensuing  month. 
Chrysanthemums,  especially  those  grown  in  the  open 
air,  will  do  this,  but  no  other  flower  I  know  to  com- 
pare with  the  Gladioli.  The  end  of  the  stem  in  the 
water  must,  however,  be  occasiorially  dressed  and 
pared — in  fact  some  growers  think  they  open  even 
better  indoors,  and  cut  favourite  flowers  for  the  pur- 
pose. I  should  certainly  do  this  if  a  storm  threatened, 
as  it  makes  sad  havoc  among  tall-growing  varieties 
like  Lady  Bridport,  Mr.  Derry,  Anthony  Waterer,  and 
others,  that  often,  with  good  treatment,  attain  a 
height  of  6  feet,  and  open  blooms  as  brilliant  as  the 
showiest  Cattleya  or  Odotoglossum  among  Orchids, 
and  so  large  that  you  could  stulV  your  closed  hand 
into  them.  The  blooming  period  continues  for  fully 
four  months  ;  if  any  one  doubts  this  they  can  turn  to 
your  columns  of  the  last  day  in  October  and  see 
Mr.  Dean's  description  of  Mr.  Campbell's  16S  spikes 
at  Kensington,  after  travelling  400  miles  from 
Gourock.  A  short  time  previous  to  that  date  I 
had  seen  a  large  collection  with  Mr.  Dickson  at 
Newtownards  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  and  they 
must  have  been  in  full  bloom  in  October  also. 
Making  every  allowance  for  the  ripening  advantages 
of  the  south  of  I'ngland  as  compared  to  Scotland,  and 
the  same  of  Ireland,  south  and  north,  it  has  been  the 
latest  season  in  lifting  I  can  recollect.  This  is  taking 
it  for  granted  that  proprietors  of  collections  have  left 
them  in  the  ground  until  ripened,  or  otherwise  until 
growth  ceased,  though  both  expressions  are  not  sy- 
nonymous. I  take  it  after  the  1st  of  December  in 
almost  all  parts  of  the  British  Isles  growth,  or  matu- 
ration, for  the  Gladiolus  has  ceased.  If  lifted  before 
this  occurs,  degeneracy  and  a  corm  of  stunted  size  is 
the  inevitable  result.  Mr.  Douglas,  if  I  remember 
right,  to  obviate  this  and  the  immense  trouble  inci- 
dental, such  as  trying  to  keep  collections  true  to 
name,  proposed  leaving  them  in  the  ground.  I  am  now 
speaking,  of  course,  ol  the  best  "hybrids  of  ganda- 
vensis ;  "  all  others  may  safely  be  left  out  during  the 
winter.  I  have  frequently  been  tempted  to  do  this, 
but  my  love  for  the  flower  overcame  the  great  trouble 
of  lifting,  naming,  or  labelling  and  storing.  There  are 
at  least  three  objections  to  allowing  them  to  winter  in 
the  beds  or  borders:  —  !,  the  risk  from  frost;  I,  the 
tendency  to  rot  ;  and  3,  imperfect  maturation,  and,  I 
might  add,  premature  growth  in  the  spring,  if  the 
corm  survives,  and  the  great  check  sustained  by 
having  the  young  stem  killed  to  the  soil.  Just  a 
word  on  each  point.     In  nine  cases  out  of  ten  our 


792 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  19,  1885. 


winters  may  come  so  mild  as  that  frost  may  not  pene- 
trate the  several  inches  of  soil  over  the  corm,  but 
individually  I  plant  rather  shallow.  There  is  more 
risk  from  the  saturation  of  the  soil  incidental  for 
several  months,  and  consequent  rotting.  If  rotting 
does  not  take  place,  then  premature  growth  com- 
mences, and  that  growth,  as  observed,  is  burned  back, 
and  a  check  sustained  that  is  never  overcome,  and  in 
no  case  subsequently  does  perfect  flowering  take 
place.  I  maintain,  lastly,  as  I  have  before  main- 
tained in  your  columns,  the  completion  of  the  matu- 
ration—indispensable to  success  the  following  year- 
takes  place  after  lifting,  and  especially  in  such  a 
season  as  this,  when  two-thirds  of  my  thousand  corms 
had  to  be  stored  in  sand  with  green,  or  partially 
green,  stems  attached.  I  frankly  say  I  would  willingly 
have  avoided  the  trouble  of  naming  and  tying  the 
labels  to  both  stems  and  corms,  if  I  ran  no  risk,  but 
there  is  even  a  further  disadvantage  in  doing  that. 
To  give  them  fair  play  and  attain  the  best  results, 
the  ground  must  be  manured  and  prepared  for  them  ; 
this  can  only  be  done  by  storing.  They  could  not  be 
lifted  in  spring,  even  though  you  knew  where  to  find 
them,  as  the  slightest  movement  of  spade  or  trowel 
breaks  ofl^  the  young  roots'.  Except  to  be  occasion- 
ally looked  over,  mine  will  be  stored  in  sand  and 
require  no  further  trouble  until  February.  W.  J. 
Murphy^  ClonmeL 

Bracts  Falling  from  Poinsettias.— In  reply  to 
the  enquiry  by  "  Toki "  in  last  week's  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  on  this  subject,  I  surmise  it  to  be  caused  by 
too  much  guano-water  being  given,  or  given  too 
strong,  and  perhaps  at  too  early  a  stage  of  growth  of 
the  plants.  I  have  seen  these  ill-effects  more  than 
once  from  guano-water  when  used  of  too  great  a 
strength,  or  too  often.  The  manure  is  more  beneficial 
if  used  very  weak,  and  at  the  proper  time,  that  is, 
when  the  plants  have  made  their  growth,  when,  to 
assist  the  bracts  to  develope  to  perfection,  it  should 
be  given  in  a  weak  state,  just  enough  guano  to  cover 
the  water.    Win.  Smythe. 

A  correspondent  last  week,  signing  himself 

"  Toki,"  says  all  his  Poinsettias  are  gone  blind,  and  he 
judges  it  may  be  through  using  guano  during  their 
culture,  and  I  think  his  conclusion  is  quite  the  right  one. 
The  Poinsettia  being  a  very  rank  grower  in  its  young 
state  does  not  require  any  stimulant.  If  for  market 
use  they  should  be  shifted  into  6inch  pots  in  July  or 
beginning  of  August,  using  two-thirds  good  sound 
unsifted  loam,  one-third  finely-sifted  rotten  manure, 
and  a  little  sharp  sand,  well  mixed,  and  grown  on 
during  August  and  September  in  a  warm  greenhouse 
near  the  glass,  giving  sufficient  air  to  keep  them 
short-jointed.  Give  enough  tepid  water  to  keep 
them  growing,  but  not  to  saturate  the  soil.  Put 
them  into  a  warmer  house  in  October,  where  they 
will  get  from  60°  to  65°  of  heat,  with  a  little  air  in 
the  daytime  ;  by  the  first  week  in  November  they 
will  show  their  bracts,  and  will  be  well  in  bloom  by 
Christmas.  If  required  before  that  time  stand  them 
on  the  tank,  not  plunged,  which  will  get  them  ready 
a  fortnight  earlier.  If  larger  sized  plants  and  larger 
sized  bracts  are  required,  shift  them  into  8  or  9-inch 
pots  in  September,  using  the  same  compost  ;  increase 
the  tepid  water  as  the  pots  fill  with  roots,  to  enable 
the  plant  to  hold  its  lower  leaves  ;  when  the  bracts 
begin  to  show,  and  if  the  plants  are  pot-bound,  a  little 
very  weak  liquid  manure  may  be  given  twice  a  week, 
which  will  help  them  to  retain  their  bottom-leaves, 
and  give  more  intense  colouring  to  the  bracts,  taking 
care  not  to  overdo  the  liquid  manure,  or  more  harm 
than  good  may  ensue.  A  tablespoonful  of  guano 
to  3  gallons  of  water  will  not  hurt  them,  or,  what  is 
still  better  and  safer,  is  the  drainings  ol  the  heap  of 
horse-dung,  using  one  part  to  three  of  water.  By 
similar  treatment  to  this  we  have  a  splendid  lot  of 
saleable  plants  in  full  bloom  at  the  present  time.  A 
Grower. 

Quince  Roots  as  Stocks  for  Pears.— A  large 
amount  of  valuable  information  has  recently  been 
given  in  your  paper  in  reference  to  Pears  and  their 
culture,  and  the  Quince  stock  generally  and  de- 
servedly recommended  to  graft  them  upon  ;  but 
perhaps  it  may  not  be  generally  known  that  Quince 
roots  will  answer  the  purpose  just  as  well.  Wishing 
to  increase  a  variety  last  spring,  and  having  no  Quince 
stocks,  I  took  off  the  extremities  of  some  roots,  and 
put  on  the  grafts  where  both  were  nearly  of  a  thick- 
ness. These  were  exposed  to  considerable  warmth, 
for  I  put  them  into  vacant  spaces  at   the  foot  of  a 


south-west  wall  ;  yet  one  has  made  a  sturdy  shoot 
18  inches  long,  others  varying  between  that  and  mere 
spurs,  but  I  hope  to  see  the  latter  make  up  for  it  next 
year.  I  have  been  a  reader  of  one  or  other  of  the 
leading  gardening  periodicals  for  more  than  forty 
years,  but  cannot  recollect  having  seen  such  a  practice 
alluded  to,  so  that  possibly  my  experience  may  be  of 
service  to  others.    R,  Pickering. 

Artificially  Coloured  Potatos. — Like  Mr.  Har- 
rison I  was  surprised  and  disgusted  to  see  Potatos  at 
the  Birmingham  Cattle  Show  artificially  coloured. 
Not  only  were  the  red  varieties  so  outraged,  but  all 
the  coloured  and  parti-coloured  kinds  were  so 
treated.  What  they  were  coloured  with  I  cannot  say, 
but  speaking  roughly,  the  red  kinds,  which  included 
Prizetaker,  Mr.  Bresee,  Reading  Russet,  Red  Em- 
peror, &c.,  looked  as  though  they  were  coloured  with 
red  lead,  and  the  purples— which  included  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  The  Dean,  Edgcote  Purple,  &c. — with 
black-lead.  I  need  hardly  say  that  they  presented 
a  most  unnatural  appearance.  I  noticed  that  one 
or  two  exhibitors  at  the  late  International  Potato 
Exhibition  used  some  greasy  substance  to  improve,  as 
they  thought  (but  which  I  think  detracts  from)  their 
appearance,  but  never  before  have  I  seen  such  a 
manipulation  of  the  useful  tuber  as  at   Birmingham. 

7.ff- 

The  Allotment  Question. — Because  of  the  un- 
fortunate party  political  aspect  given  to  the  subject  of 
allotments,  whether  in  the  form  of  tenancies  or  owner- 
ships, one  very  important  aspect  of  the  matter  has 
been  unwisely  overlooked.  I  refer  to  the  subject  of 
labour  in  the  winter  months.  It  is  an  unfortunate 
fact  that  throughout  the  entire  kingdom  work  in  both 
garden  and  field,  as,  indeed,  in  many  other  outdoor 
occupations,  becomes  slack  always  in  the  winter 
months.  Very  much  of  this  lack  of  labour  is  due  to 
the  objection  of  employers,  always  anxious  to  get  as 
long  a  day's  work  as  possible,  to  give  employment 
during  the  short  days  of  winter.  Still  farther  does  it 
arise  from  the  undoubted  fact  that  such  an  element  in 
good  cultivation  as  trenching  is  neglected.  Were  that 
not  so,  and  employers  would  cover  several  acres  of 
land  which  needed  trenching  every  winter  with  long 
manure  or  other  refuse  material,  many  thousands  of 
able-bodied  men  might  be  profitably  employed  during 
the  winter  in  piecework,  with  corresponding  benefit 
to  those  who  employed  them  at  such  labour  in  years 
to  come.  But  because  not  so  employed  many  thou- 
sands of  hard-working  industrious  men  have  to  be 
idle  for  several  weeks  in  the  short  days  of  the  year, 
and  their  labour  so  far  is  thus  absolutely  lost  to  the 
country.  But  when  it  is  contended  that  poor  men 
could  not  cultivate  plots  of  land  at  a  profit,  those 
who  take  this  pessimist  view  quite  forget  that  the 
time  now  wasted  might  thus  be  profitably  employed 
in  deep  cultivation  of  their  own  plots,  and  thus  not 
only  would  that  labour  be  absolutely  saved,  but  it 
would  give  profitable  results  during  the  following 
season,  indeed  the  small  holding  or  allotment  system 
would  thus  tend  to  solve  one  of  the  most  troublesome 
problems  of  the  age,  viz.,  finding  emplayment 
during  the  winter  season.  Even  now  some  will 
plead  that  such  employm'ent  cannot  provide  a 
livelihood  because  there  will  be  no  one  to  furnish 
a  *'  Saturday  night."  But  then  it  may  be  replied, 
neither  is  there  such  "  Saturday  night  "  for  men  who 
have  no  employment  of  any  sort.  On  the  other 
hand  a  few  weeks  spent  in  trenching  allotment 
ground  in  the  winter  would  be  more  than  amply  re- 
paid during  the  following  summer,  and  thus  the 
*'  Saturday  night  "  would  come  inevitably,  if  late.  The 
best  solution  of  the  question  is  to  afford  to  all  industri- 
ous working  men  an  opportunity  to  purchase  or  rent 
land  cheap,  and  having  done  so  to  leave  them  to  fight 
their  own  battle  with  it.  If  they  win  the  demand 
has  been  more  than  justified  ;  if  they  fail,  then  the 
experiment  has  proved  a  failure  and  it  can  hardly  be 
revived,  at  any  rate  with  success.  As  to  the  much 
derided  cow,  there  is  one  phase  of  that  matter  which 
so  far  has  found  scant  attention.  All  familar  with 
our  rural  districts  know  that  literally  thousands  of 
acres  of  good  pasture  is  let  run  to  waste  annually,  for 
the  simple  reason  that  it  is  not  enclosed  but  it  is 
found  on  the  margins  of  our  lanes  and  highroads. 
Were  that  vast  area  of  pasture  properly  utilised  many 
thousands  of  labourers'  cows  might  be  maintained 
during  the  summer  months,  and  a  portion  of  the 
allotment  ground  might  grow  food  for  the  remainder 
of  the  year.    I  hope  that  when  the  stupid  prejudice  of 


political  partisanship  which  this  question  —  one  of 
vital  interest  to  the  welfare  of  the  labouring  popula- 
tion of  the  rural  districts — has  passed  away  that  it 
will  be  taken  in  hand  in  a  practical,  statesmanlike 
way,  and  something  useful  and  profitable  accom- 
plished. Many  a  noble  idea  has  been  killed  by 
ridicule  :  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  one  may  be 
rescued  from  such  a  fate,  and  that  the  proposition, 
made  in  the  interest  of  labour,  may  by-and-bye  bear 
good  fruit,  good  alike  for  the  rich  as  well  as  for  the 
poor.  A.  D. 

Florists'  and  Fruiterers'  Christmas  Supplies. 
— At  no  season  of  the  year  do  our  metropolitan 
florists'  and  fruiterers'  present  a  more  gay  appear- 
ance than  when  decked  out  with  their  Christmas 
stores.  It  is  really  remarkable  the  variety  of  cut 
bloom  that  is  to  be  seen  exposed  for  sale  at  this 
season  of  the  year  ;  as  an  instance  of  this,  not  later 
than  last  Saturday  beautiful  Rose-buds  were  being 
hawked  in  the  City  by  "  costers,"  and  were  selling  at 
two  and  three  a  penny.  Our  growers  are  unable  to 
raise  Roses  now,  and  these  are  grown  in  the  South  of 
France  and  Italy  ;  but  in  spite  of  this  foreign  com- 
petition English-grown  buds  always  fetch  a  good 
price.  Amongst  the  large  shops  can  be  found  in 
large  quantity  Azaleas,  Bouvardias,  Mignonette, 
Primulas,  Lilac,  Roman  Hyacinths,  Tuberoses, 
Violets,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  Gardenias,  Eucharis,  Car- 
nations, Polyanthus  Narcissus,  Lapagerias,  Callas, 
Poinsettias,  Pelargoniums,  and  various  varieties  ol 
Orchids,  Odontoglossums  and  Dendrobiums  predo- 
minating. There  cannot  be  said  to  be  as  much 
variety  in  the  fruit  department,  but  the  quality  as 
a  rule  is  excellent,  so  are  the  prices  for  the  most 
part.  C.  I. 

Decorations. — For  the  next  month  or  so  the  de- 
coration of  churches,  ball-rooms,  mansions,  &c.,  will 
be  an  important  item  in  the  work  of  the  garden  staflf. 
Although  church  decoration  has  made  rapid  strides  of 
late  in  original  and  elaborate  ideas  at  the  various 
seasons  when  the  proper  decoration  of  the  church  is 
considered  a  very  important  item  in  the  celebration, 
the  decorations  of  ball-rooms,  &c.,  in  "out  of  the  way 
places  "  still  consist  of,  in  a  great  measure,  festooning 
of  evergreen  wreaths,  plentifully  besprinkled  with 
various  coloured  tissue-paper  rosettes  intended  to 
represent  Roses ;  often,  too,  corresponding  chains  of 
tissue-paper  are  used,  and  with  great  effect  ;  but  it 
matters  not  how  effective  it  may  appear,  when  the 
same  plan  is  continued  year  by  year  it  gets  stale,  and 
any  change  is  hailed  with  satisfaction,  however  small 
it  may  be.  Where  such  a  thing  has  not  been  at- 
tempted before,  a  light  trellis  arbour  at  the  entrance 
to  the  ball-room,  neatly  covered  with  evergreens,  has 
a  telling  effect,  and  besides,  if  provided  with  seats, 
forms  a  pleasant  retreat  to  those  couples  who  are 
always  to  be  found  at  any  ball.  Another  good 
thing  in  its  favour  is  that  it  has  a  beneficial 
effect  if  there  is  a  draught  from  the  door. 
Of  course  this  can  only  be  introduced  where 
there  is  plenty  of  room.  I  recollect  once  seeing 
the  band  platform  of  a  ball-room  so  decorated  as  to 
represent  a  small  thicket  of  Fir  trees,  cStc,  which  had 
a  most  pleasing  effect.  Where  large  masses  of  ever- 
greens are  unavoidable,  every  endeavour  should  be 
made  to  give  it  a  light  appearance.  This  can  be  most 
easily  effected  by  the  plentiful  use  of  trailing  Ivy, 
Periwinkle,  and,  where  not  too  far  gone,  the  long 
shoots  of  Bramble  with  their  many-hued  leaves  give 
a  charm  to  an  otherwise  stiff  piece  of  work.  The 
careful  use  of  Pampas  and  other  grasses  is  of  great 
benefit  in  producing  a  finish.  Many  gardeners  are 
rather  curtailed  in  the  way  of  evergreens,  and,  as  a 
rule,  these  are  to  be  congratulated,  as  they  have  to 
"cut  their  coat  according  to  their  cloth,"  conse- 
quently the  wreaths,  &c.,  are  light  and  thin,  which 
always  looks  better  than  great  heavy  ones.  The 
careful  use  of  pieces  of  virgin  cork,  &c.,  sprinkled 
with  water  in  which  alum  has  been  dissolved,  which 
when  dry  has  the  appearance  of  a  "  frosty  bit,"  adds 
a  great  charm  by  reason  of  the  contrast  with  the  dark 
evergreens  and  by  its  natural  associations.  C.  1. 

Tree  Carnations.— It  is  at  this  season  of  the 
year,  and  on  till  March,  that  these  charming  flowers 
are  found  most  useful.  Time  was  when  but  few 
blooms  could  be  had  until  spring,  but  then  the  varie- 
ties were  limited  in  number,  and  their  culture  not  so 
well  understood  as  at  the  present  time.  Not  only 
have  the  varieties  greatly  increased  in  number,  and 


December  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


793 


especially  so  in  the  habit  of  growth  btirgdwarfer  and 
much  freer,  but  they  flower  much  earlier  than  they 
used  to  do,  and  with  greater  profusion.  Just  now 
the  collection  at  Slough  well  repays  a  visit.  There 
are  a  very  large  number  of  plants  in  an  airy  house, 
and  a  great  many  of  the  varieties  are  blooming  freely. 
It  is  but  lew  gardeners,  however,  who  can  devote  a 
house  entirely  to  Tree  Carnations  ;  therefore  they  are 
grown  very  frequently  with  other  plants,  or  in  a 
frame,  and  under  manifest  disadvantages.  At  this 
season  of  the  year  sufficient  heat  is  necessary  to  induce 
the  buds  to  expand.  Water  should  be  given 
sparingly,  but  in  sufficient  quantities  to  insure  vigor- 
our  development.  The  following  fine  varieties  may 
be  set  down  as  earlier  bloomers,  as  some  are  much 
later  than  others,  viz..  Burgundy,  Cardinal,  Countess, 
Enchantress,  Field  Marshal,  Helena,  Huntsman. 
Invincible,  Juliette,  Jubilee,  ^  fine  variety  with  dark 
stripes  on  a  red  ground  ;  Lady  Bramwell,  Mrs.  Mac- 
laren,  crimson  bizarres  ;  Negro,  Seraph,  Vivid,  and 
Volunteer,  all  of  Mr.  Turner's  raising.  R,  D. 


THE    NORTH-WEST    OF    NEW 
ZEALAND. 

An  interesting  pamphlet  on  the  North-west  of  New 
Zealand  as  a  new  field  for  emigration  has  recently 
been  published  by  Messrs.  Bean,  Webley  &  Co.,  of 
Foster  Lane,  Cheapside.  The  author,  Mr.  Alfred 
Cooke,  \'arborough,  says  that  he  does  not  believe 
"there  are  fifty  people  in  England  who  know  any- 
thing whatever,  definite  or  indefinite,  of  the  present 
state  of  the  extreme  north-west  of  the  colony."  Re- 
garding the  culture  of  the  Olive  and  Mulberry,  both 
are  said  to  be  as  yet  only  in  their  infancy,  and  it  is  to 
be  regretted  that  the  early  settlers  introduced  wrong 
descriptions  of  both  these  trees,  the  result  being  that 
though  the  plants  have  grown  well,  and  shot  up  into 
large  trees,  they  are  not  adapted  for  the  orchard,  or 
for  successfully  rearing  silkworms.  On  the  subject  of 
Orange  culture  the  necessity  of  securing  a  site  which 
can  be  readily  drained,  and  which  is  not  too  much 
exposed  to  the  westerly  winds,  is  pointed  out.  "  A 
thoroughly  good  site  of  land  for  an  orangery  is  a 
fortune  to  a  man,  while  an  unsuitable  locality  may  be 
the  means  of  causing  irreparable  failure.  With  a 
suitable  site,  and  other  favourable  circumstances,  the 
Orange  crop  will  pay  four  times  better  than  any  other 
cro^  ;  seventy  trees  should  grow  to  the  acre,  and  pro- 
viding that  the  grower  sells  his  crops  at  even  6r/.  per 
dozen  (a  very  low  estimate),  a  large  sum  per  acre  is 
obtained.  A  single  tree  in  New  Zealand  has  been 
known  to  yield  3000  oranges.  The  Vine,  Peach, 
and  various  other  well  known  fruits,  grow  to  per- 
fection." The  following  account  of  Kauri  gum  from 
Dammara  australis  will  be  interesting. 

The  Kauri  tree  is  described  as  the  most  valuable 
and  finest  trees  in  the  .Southern  hemisphere,  and  from 
it  exudes  a  soft  gum,  which  hardens  on  contact  with 
the  atmosphere,  and  fossilises  in  the  ground  in  the 
course  of  )ears.  How  long  it  may  have  been  in  the 
ground  no  one  can  say,  but  it  is  found  on  the  sandhills 
where  no  trace  of  a  tree  remains,  in  the  coal-beds  in 
a  district  where  the  Kauri  tree  does  not  now  exist, 
and  ia  large  tracts  of  country  from  which  evidently 
the  forests  have  been  in  ages  past  burned  from  off  the 
face  of  the  earth.  The  discoloured  condition  of  some 
of  the  gum  dug  up  from  several  feet  below  the  surface 
of  the  ground  indicates  that  the  trees  were  at  one  time 
exposed  to  the  action  of  fire.  The  gum-fields  are 
partly  in  the  hands  of  the  natives  and  partly  in  those 
of  Europeans,  but  they  are  mostly  the  property  of  the 
Government,  who  have  hitherto  been  in  the  habit  of 
putting  up  to  auction  the  right  to  dig  gum  on  these 
fields.  It  is  out  of  the  power  of  a  working-man  to 
bid  a  lump  sum  for  the  right  to  dig  gum  over  an  area 
of  20,000  acres  of  land  for  a  term  of  two  years, 
and  the  result  is  that  the  right  of  digging  for  gum  falls 
into  the  hands  of  some  merchant  or  storekeeper,  to 
whom  all  who  dig  on  the  land  are  compelled  to  sell  at 
a  price  fixed  by  the  lessee.  This  method  of  leasing 
these  lands  is  not  by  any  means  an  equitable  one. 
The  first  thing  a  gum-digger  has  to  do  is  to  purchase 
a  spear — that  is,  a  piece  of  round  iron  pointed  at  the 
end,  about  3  feet  6  inches  in  length,  fixed  into  a 
wooden  handle  ;  this  he  can  get  on  credit  from  the 
storekeeper,  as  likewise  a  spade,  knife,  some  flour, 
sugar,  and  necessaries,  on  the  condition  that  he  sells 
his  gum  to  him.  If  the  storekeeper  is  the  lessee  of 
the  gum-land  this  is  a  matter  of  course.  Thus  pro- 
vided the  digger  proceeds  to  the  gum-field  (a  sort  of 


moorland  it  would  be  cilled  in  England),  builds  a 
shanty  of  Riupo  or  Palm  Fern,  and  commences  to 
spear  the  country  for  gum.  An  experienced  digger 
will  know  the  likely  spots  for  a  good  find,  and  can 
tell  by  the  feel  of  his  sp^ar  as  it  touches  a  hard  sub- 
stance underground  whe'her  it  is  gum,  wood,  or 
stone.  If  he  thinks  it  is  gum  he  digs  it  up,  puts  it  in 
his  kit  or  basket,  and  goes  on.  The  gum  as  it  comes 
from  the  ground  is  covered  with  dirt  and  rust,  and 
every  piece  has  to  be  scraped  with  a  knife  until  the 
gum  is  fairly  clean.  A  good  deal  of  judgment  has  to 
be  exercised  in  this  matter,  because  if  too  much  is 
scraped  away  the  digger  loses  weight,  and  if  not 
enough  he  receives  a  less  price  on  account  of  bad 
scraping.  Gum  is  also  obtained  In  the  forest  from 
under  the  trees,  and  even  from  the  tree  itself.  The 
best  gum  js  very  clear,  like  amber,  and  hard,  but 
there  are  many  sorts  and  varying  prices.  Though 
the  average  earnings  per  week  of  the  gum-digger  is 
from  £},  to  /,'4,  a  man  has  been  known  to  earn  as 
much  as  ^20.  He  has  to  work  very  hard,  exposed 
to  all  sorts  of  weather,  digging  all  day,  scraping  his 
gum  at  night,  and  cooking  his  meals  between  while. 

The  trade  in  Kauri  timber  is  also  very  important, 
and  gives  employment  to  a  large  number  of  hands. 
The  Kauri  forests  in  the  district  are  of  very  large 
extent,  and  it  is  stated,  at  the  present  rate  of  supply, 
will  last  about  another  200  years.  The  timber  is  of 
very  great  value,  and  is  recognised  in  New  Zea- 
land and  Australia  as  most  useful  for  all  sorts  of 
purposes — house-building,  ship-building,  masts  and 
spars,  railway  sleepers,  furniture,  &c.  It  is  very 
durable,  and  easily  worked.  The  tree  grows  to  a 
height  of  100  feet  without  a  limb,  and  measures  an 
average  of  5  feet  in  diameter.  Trees  have  been  found 
measuring  a  chain  in  circumference,  but  such  trees 
are  of  no  value  to  the  purchaser,  as  they  are  too  un- 
viieldy  to  handle  and  cut  up.  In  all  Kauri  forests 
there  are  found  at  intervals  trees  of  enormous  size, 
which  stand  alone  in  their  grandeur  as  parent  trees  to 
the  less  unwieldly  gener-ation  around  them.  In  the 
forest  the  young  trees  grow  readily,  but  so  soon  as 
the  parent  trees  are  felled  and  removed  a  fire  sooner 
or  later  clears  the  ground,  and  they  perish.  Alto- 
gether the  Kauri  is  perhaps  the  most  important  tree  in 
New  Zealand, 

The  exportation  of  the  fungus,  Hirneola  polytricha, 
from  New  Zealand  has  frequently  of  late  been  com- 
mented upon.  Mr.  Varborough  speaks  of  it  as  a 
branch  of  industry  only  entered  upon  by  children, 
who  make  a  good  deal  of  pocket-money  by  it.  The 
fungus  is  bought  from  the  collector,  after  being  dried, 
at  prices  varying  from  41/.  to  5./.  per  pound,  and  is 
exported  viA  San  Francisco  to  China,  to  be  used  by 
the  Chinese  as  an  ingredient  for  soup.  In  1SS2  the 
export  of  fungus  was  400  tons  weight,  valued  close 
upon  .^19,000. 


EDINBURGH  BOTANICAL  :  Dec.  10. 

The  Society  met  this  evening  at  5,  St.  Andrew 
Square  :  Professor  Dickson,  President,  in  the  ch.iir. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Bjswell.  Balmuto,  was  elected  to  a  vacant 
place  amongst  the  six  British  Honorary  Fellows.  The 
following  were  add-d  to  the  Ifst  of  twenty-six  Foreign 
Honorary  Fellows  ;  — Fred.  Uelpino,  Professor  of  Botany, 
Genoa  ;  P.  Duchartre,  Professor  of  Bjtany,  Paris  ; 
Grand'Eury,  St.  Etienne  ;  Dr.  F.  Hildebrand,  Professor 
of  Botany,  Freiburg  ;  Dr.  S.  Schwendener,  Professor  of 
Botany,  Berlin  ;  Ph.  Van  Tieghem,  Professor  of  Botany, 
Paris  ;  Dr.  E.  Warming,  Professor  of  Botany,  Stock- 
holm. 

Prolessor  Dickson  gave  his  presidential  address, 
which,  after  some  roni  irks  on  tli-:  healthy  state  of  the 
Society's  funds,  and  on  the  work  of  last  session, 
was  devoted  to  a  subject  connected  with  the  morphology 
of  the  leafy  JungermannijE.  On  the  motion  of  Dr. 
Cleghorn,  he  was  awarded  a  hejrly  vote  of  thanks. 

Mr.  Taylor  read  an  obituary  notice  of  the  late  Dr. 
W.  B.  Carpenter,  who  was  amongst  the  most  prominent 
contributors  of  papers  to  the  Society  at  its  first  session  in 
1836.  Indeed  the  germs  of  his  celebrated  work  on 
General  and  Comparative  Physiology  were  first  given  to 
the  Society. 

Dr.  Macfarlane  contributed  a  short  paper  on  a"  Fossil 
Microscopic  Fungus  in  Stigmaria,  from  Bowling,"  at  the 
same  time  exhibilmg  the  specimen. 

Mr.  Robert  Lindsay  gave  in  his  report  on  the 
'  Progress  of  Vegetation  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Garden, 
ICdinburgh." 

The  past  month  of  November  has  been  generally  dry 
and  cold.  A  series  of  low  readings  of  the  thermometer 
were  registered  from  the  15th  till  the  19th  ot  the  month. 


Since  then,  open-air  vegetation  has  gradually  declined, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  month  had  nearly  reached  its 
lowest  ebb.  On  nine  occasions  the  thermometer  fell 
below  the  freezing  point,  indicating  collectively  65'  of 
frost,  as  against  64'^  for  the  corresponding  month  last 
year.  The  lowest  readings  were,  on  the  isth,  23"  ;  l6th, 
19'  ;  r7lh,  rB°  ;  iSlh,  15°  ;  19th,  28'.  I'lie  highest 
mornmg  readings  were,  on  the  3d,  56'  ;  7th,  sr"  ;  8th 
48^  :  27th,  45°.  The  lowest  day  temperature  was  3T'',  on 
the  i7ih,  and  the  highest,  63%  on  the  3d.  The  rain- 
fall has  been  very  light,  there  were  no  fewer  than  twenty- 
two  dry  days  during  the  month.  Rain  fell  more  or  less 
daily,  from  the  25th  till  the  29th.  Very  few  plants  are  in 
flower  out-of-doors.  On  the  rock-garden  only  one 
species  came  into  flower,  viz  ,  Crocus  hadriaticus,  and 
with  the  exception  of  jasminum  nudiflorum  and 
Hamamelis  virginica,  which  came  into  flower  in  other 
parts  of  the  garden,  no  others  have  been  observed  as 
having  come  into  blossom  during  November.  Although 
there  are  still  a  few  left,  which  had  opened  previously, 
vegetation  generally  has  gone  sooner  to  rest  this  season 
than  was  the  case  last,  and  there  are  fewer  plants  in 
flower.  This  result  is  mainly  due  to  the  distribution  of 
cold  having  been  different.  The  aggregate  amount  of 
frost  registered  during  this  November,  is  nearly  the 
same  as  was  registered  during  last  November.  Still, 
during  this  November  the  individual  minimum  readings 
have  been  lower  in  consequence  of  the  distribution  of 
frost  having  been  confined  to  a  less  area,  which  shows 
th.it  in  dealing  with  this  subject,  average  temperatures 
are  apt  to  be  misleading.  For  all  outdoor  work  the 
month  has  been,  on  the  whole,  a  favourable  one. 

Mr.  Robert  Bullen  reported  on  "Temperature,  Vege- 
tation, ..Sic,  in  the  Botanic  Garden,  Glasgow,  November, 
1885." 

During  the  month  the  temperature  has  been  at  or 
Ijelow  the  Ireezing-point  nine  times,  giving  a  total  of 
bi^  tor  the  seven  times  on  which  the  thermometer  was 
below  32'.  The  lowest  temperatures  registered  were 
during  the  nights  of  the  14th,  15th,  and  i6th,  when 
13'',  14^,  and  15'  of  frost  respectively  were  recorded. 
The  day  temperature  has  been  much  above  the  average. 
On  three  days  only  the  thermometer  w.as  at  or  a  little 
below  32°.  The  rainfall  has  been  light,  and  we  have  had 
an  unusual  number  of  fine  open  days,  favourable  to  all 
kinds  of  outdoor  garden  work. 

Amongst  the  miscellaneous  contributions  was  the 
exhibition  of  a  branch  of  a  tree  through  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Tenant,  in  which  chips  of  stones  were  enclosed  in 
warty  protuberances.  This  had  been  found  at  a  con- 
siderable depth  in  a  cutting  of  the  recently  formed 
Edinburgh  suburban  railway. 


5  TA  TE  OF  THE  WEA  THEtL  A  T  BLACKHBA  TH,  LONDON t 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  December  i6,  1885. 


Hygrome- 
tncal    De- 

a 

Barometer. 

Temperature  op 
THE  Air. 

GlaSr's 
Tables  7tli 
Edition. 

Wind. 

J 
■i 

z 

< 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  of 
.8  )  ears. 

X 

I 

s 

a 

0 

■oj.8 

n 

1 

Dec 

In.       In.       0 
30.31  4-o+(33t 

26'.5 

6.5 

29.6 

—1*1.4 

26.4 

M 

In. 

N.VV  : 

N.  NW.  °-'"' 

., 

3033  -f3.si|3»  »;»>  0 

1..0 

27-3 

—  I3-S 

21.4 

78 

N  W. 

0.00 

,2 

'  30.19 

4-040 .37  .Oj27.0 

10.0 

33-4 

-  7-3 

19.4 

85] 

N.VV. 

0.00 

•3 

'  30^8 

4-0.28  41. 1 

34.2 

7.9 

39  2 

—   "4 

3S.0 

89 

W:SW. 

O.OI 

■S 

30-" 
30.31 

4-0.4246.5 

-1-0.50  \7-c 

38.0 
38.0 

8.S 
go 

13."j-l-  24 
12.6,+  1.9 

418 

i8.9 

9S 
87{ 

S.W, 

S  E. : 
S.S.E. 

COO 

16 

30.30 

-1-0  45  IS.» 

ii.o 

587 

-    20 

IS  8 

9.| 

ES.E. 

.01 

















Vari- 
able. 



Meat] 

30  "3 

4-0.43  10  4 

JO  .8 

9.6 

363 

-  4S 

128 

87 

0.0. 

-Very  fine  cold  day. 

-  Dense  fog  in  eirly  mornii 

-Very  dull  day. 

-Very  dull  d.^y  ;  slight  rai 

-Very  dull  day. 

-Very  line  day  and  night. 

-\'ery  fine  day. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  December  12,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29.65 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  29.52  inches 
by  9  A.M.  on  the  6th,  increased  to  3034  inches  by 
I  P.M.,  and  decreased  to  30.26  inches  by  5  P  M.  on 
the  9th,  increased  to  30.50  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the 
nth,  and  was  30  32  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.16  inches,  being 
0.25  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.20  inch  above 
the  average  of  the  week, 


794 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  1885. 


Temperature.— Ttit  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  40°. 2,  on  the  6th  ;  on  the  rilh 
the  highest  temperature  was  32°.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  35^7• 

The  lowest  temperature  was  21°  on  the  nth,  on 
the  7th  the  lowest  temperature  was  34°.  5.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  27°.  6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
11°,  on  the  9',h  and  nth  ;  the  smallest  on  the  7ih  was 
5".     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  S'.  i. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  6th,  36°. 9 ;  on 
the  7ih,  36°.6  ;  on  the  Sth,  22°. 9  ;  on  the  9th,  30°; 
on  the  loth,  29". 6 ;  on  the  nth,  27^.3;  on  the 
I2lh,  33°.  4  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their  averages 
by  4°-7.  4°-9.  'i°.5i  "°-2,  ii°.4,  I3°.5,  and  7°.3 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  32°, 
being  11°. 6  lower  than  last  week,  and  9°.2  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  49°,  on  Dec.  10.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  44°.  4. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  grass,  was  iS°.S  on  the  nth.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  readings  was  23°.  S. 

Ruin. — Rain  fell  on  one  day,  to  the  amount  of 
0.05  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  12,  the  highest  temperatures  were  49°.  2 
at  Plymouth,  48'  at  Truro,  47°  at  Liverpool ;  the 
highest  at  Cambridge  was  39°,  at  Wolverhampton 
39°.  9,  at  Sheffield  and  Hull  40°.  The  general  mean 
was  42°.8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  iS'.g  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 19°  at  Cambridge,  20°  at  Tiuro  j  the 
lowest  at  Liverpool  was  27°. 4,  at  Brighton  23°.3,  and 
at  Bristol  and  Leeds  23".  The  general  mean  was 
2t°.8. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  28°  at  Truro,  26°.  7  at 
Plymouth,  21°  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  least  ranges 
were  19°  at  Shtftield  and  Hull,  I9'.2  at  Black- 
heath.     The  general  mean  was  21°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  43°,  at  Plymouth  4i°4.  at 
Liverpool  38°. 7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Newcastle,  34°.8, 
at  Wolverhampton  34°. 9,  at  Hull  35°. 6,  The  general 
mean  was  XI' i- 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth  and  Liverpool  30°.5,  at  Truro 
29°;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  23°.!, 
at  Hull  24°.7,  at  Cambridge  25'.  The  general 
mean  was  26°. 9. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro, 
I4^  at  Wolverhampton  Ii°.S,  at  Bradford  n°.5, 
and  was  least  at  Brighton,  7'.6,  at  Biackhealh  S°.i, 
at  Liverpool  S°.2.     The  general  mean  was  io°.4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  35°.  9, 
at  Plymouth  3^°.S,  at  Liverpool  34'. 5  ;  and  was 
lowst  at  Wolverhampton,  28°. 9,  at  Newcastle  29°.9, 
at  Hull  30°. I.     The  general  mean  was  32°, 

i?a;'«.— The  largest  falls  were  0.97  inch  at  Ply- 
mouth, 064  inch  at  Bristol,  041  inch  at  Bolton. 
The  smallest  falls  were  o  01  inch  at  Brighton  and 
Nottingham,  0  03  inch  at  Wolverhampton.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.21  inch. 

Scotland  :  TVm/oa/Kr;.— During  the  week  end- 
ing December  12,  the  highest  temperature  was  47°.  3, 
at  Paisley  ;  at  Perth  the  highest  temperature  was  42°. 
The  general  mean  was  44°.  3. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  14°,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
23°.  2.     The  general  mean  was  19°.  6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Greenock, 
32°.7  ;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow  and  Perth,  29°.  The 
general  mean  was  30°.  5. 

/Taiw.—The  largest  fall  was  0.44  inch,  at  Aberdeen  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  o  05  mch,  at  Dundee  and  Pais- 
ley.    The  general  mean  fall  was  o  16  inch. 

lAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Tempeeature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  December  14,  1SS5,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  was  generally  fine  and 
frosty  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  period,  but  at 
some  of  our  northern  and  eastern  stations  rather 
heavy  falls  of  snow  were  experienced.     Towards  the 


end  of  the  week  the  conditions  underwent  a  change, 
and  mild,  dull  weather,  with  showers  of  rain  became 
prevalent. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  deficit  ranging  from  2"  or  3'  in  Scotland 
to  5"  or  6°  over  the  greater  part  of  England.  During 
the  earlier  days  of  ihe  period  the  readings  were  veiy 
■low,  minima  between  14°  and  19°  being  recorded 
over  England  and  Ireland,  and  between  19°  and  22' 
in  Scotland,  while  in  the  "Channel  Islands"  the 
lowest  reading  was  32\  As  the  week  progressed, 
however,  the  thermometer  rose  rapidly,  and  on  the 
I3ih  or  I4ih  maxima  between  49°  and  53°  were  regis- 
tered. 

The  rainfall  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts  ;  over  Ireland,  southern,  and  central  Eng- 
land, and  the  east  of  Scotland  the  fall  has  been  very 
slight. 

£ri<;hl  suns/line  does  not  differ  greatly  from  that 
reported  last  week,  the  percentages  of  the  possible 
amount  of  duration  varying  (rom  n  in  "Scotland, 
N.,"lo3i  in  "England,  S.,"  and  "Ireland,  S.," 
and  36  in  "  England,  S.W." 

Depressions  Observeil.  —  During  the  greater  part  of 
this  period  the  distribution  of  barometric  pressure 
over  the  United  Kingdom  was  anticyclonic.  No 
depressions  (excepting  a  small  subsidiary,  which 
brought  snow  to  our  northern  and  eastern  stations  on 
the  Sth  or  91b)  came  sufficiently  near  us  to  materially 
influence  our  winds  or  weather  until  towards  the  close 
of  the  week,  when  the  high  pressure  area  moved 
southwards,  and  some  l.irge  and  rather  deep  disturb- 
ances passed  eastwards  or  north-eastwards  outside  our 
northern  coasts.  Moderate  to  fresh  breezes  from 
between  north-west  and  north-east  were  general  till 
the  nth,  when  they  gave  way  to  westerly  or  south- 
westerly winds,  moderate  in  the  south,  but  fresh  or 
strong  tn  the  north. 


@nquir«s. 

"  lie  that  qiicslioneth  much  sliall  learn  much'  — Bacon. 

Rhododendrons  for  Forcing.  —  A  Dutch  florist 
wishes  lo  know  which  sorts  of  Rhododendrons  are  used 
for  forcing  in  this  country.  Will  some  correspondent 
kindly  enumerate  some  suitable  kinds  ? 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

'  Our  Telegraphic  Address. — Our  correspondents 
are  requested  to  hear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  of 
the  ncij  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  GARDCHRON,  LONDON," 
Gardchron  hcing  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
grants  {hut  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will  reach  the 
Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other  address  being 
needed  than  "Gardchron,  London." 


Bird's-Xest  Fern  :  E.  H.  We  cannot  indicate  the 
remedy  for  the  malady  affecting  the  Fern.  Could  you 
not  send  a  frond,  with  samples  of  the  soil  and  roots  ? 
II  67° — 70^  be  the  minimum  temperature  o(  your  stove, 
it  is  much  in  excess  of  what  the  Fern  and  the  general- 
ity of  stove  plants  require  during  the  winter  months. 

Camellia  Leaves:  Young  Foreman,  It  is  an  oozing 
of  sugary  juice  from  the  substance  of  the  leaf.  The 
cause  is  not  definitely  known.  It  may  be  the  conse- 
quence of  too  rich  living. 

CucUMiiF.R  Leaves  Si'Otted  :  W.  Af.  D.  The 
appearance  is  quite  consistent  with  scalding,  and  is 
due  doubtless  to  incautious  airing  the  Cucumber  pit 
during  sunny  parts  of  the  day,  and  possibly  the  glass 
is  not  of  good  quality. 

DENDKoniuM  NOBiLE,  &c.  :  W.  Smyth.  The  specimen 
forwarded  to  us  is  proof  sufficient  that  fine  spikes  can 
be  obtained  \vithout  the  wholes.ale  pruning  recom- 
mended by  some,  and  without  the  consequent  hard- 
forcing  so  detrimental  to  the  well  being  of  a  plant. 
Your  method  m.ay  not  result  in  a  glut  ol  bloom,  but 
there  is  enough  lo  satisfy  any  reasonable  person,  and 
the  psuedobulbs  and  blooms  are  of  great  strength  and 
substance.  The  Calanlhe  Veitchi  and  Zygopetalum 
Mackayii,  each  of  much  usefulness  at  this  season,  are 
remarkable  for  robustness,  and  in  the  case  of  the 
former  for  length  of  spike. 

Names  01  Plants:  Keynes,  IViHiams  ^  Co.  Budd- 
lea  madagascariensis.  —  P.  iV.  Odontoglossum 
Insleayi  splendens.— £.  Thrupp.  The  light  coloured 
flower  is  Zygopetalum  Mackayii,  the  ordinary  variety 
of  gardens  ;  that  with  the  dark  hp  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  same. 

Spot  on  Okcihds  :  P.  \V.  The  plants  of  Cattleya 
Dowianaare  probably  kept  too  hot  and  too  close  during 
the  resting  season.  Try  them  suspended  near  the  glass 
in  a  more  airy  place  when  not  growing. 

Swansea  Show:  Ed.  The  explanations  given,  in  reply 
to  our  communications,  by  the  Secretary  and  by 
our  correspondent,  satisfy  us  that  substantial  justice 


was  done  by  the  reporter,  one  error  only  having  been 
made  ;  that  is,  that  Mr.  Harris,  of  Singleton,  is  accre- 
dited with  ist  prize  for  the  bouquet  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums  instead  of  Mr.  Barron,  Sketty,  Mr.  Harris 
taking  rst  prize  for  the  hand  bouquet.  It  is,  of  course, 
in  reports  of  distant  shows,  impossible  to  notice  all  the 
exhibits. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

JAMES  Carter  &  Co.,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 
London — Vade  Mecum  for  i3S6  and  General  List. 

James  Smith  &  Sons,  Darley  Dale  Nurseiies,  Matlock 
— Trees  and  Shrubs. 

Nutting  &  .Sons,  106,  .Southwark  Street,  London, 
S.E. — Garden  and  Flower  Seeds. 


COJIMUNICATIOSS  Received,— Dr.  Goodale,  Harvard,  Mass. 
— W.  G.  S.— G.  B.  W.-John  L3ing.— A.  M.  Lougliton— G. 
F.  W.-E.  -S.  J.— P.  W.jlkensteiji,  .St.  Petersburg.— A.  H. 
— W.  B.  H.— G.  M.— G.  H.— A.  Franctiet,  Paris.- H.  C, 
Genev.i.-L.  M.-J.  M.-G.  H.  R.  -  \V.  G.  ineM  week).— 
J.  F.-J.  B.-Agnes.— T.  B.— \V.  B. 


[arhcls. 


COVE  Ml     GARDEN,    December    17. 

OUK  market  has  been  more  active  preparatory  to 
Christmas,  and  prices  are  generally  firmer,  with  good 
supplies  all  round.  James  Webber,  Wholemle  Apple 
Market. 

Fruit. — Averagi;  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  per  J^-sievc 
—  Canadian,  barrl. 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Keni  Cobs,  100  lb. ..; 
Lemons,  per  case    . . 


Artichokes,  perdoz.. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  : 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  c 
Cabbages,  per  dozen  ; 
Capsicums,  per  do/.  1 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  c 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  : 


Pine-apples,  Eng.  ,1b.  10-.. 

—  St.  Michael,  each  26-51 
Pears,  per  dozen      ..  i  o-  2  ( 

—  per  3^-sievc       ..  i  6-  3  < 


aiushn 


.d. 


Celci 


.  perr 


Celery,  per  bundle.,  i 
Coleworts.doz.bunch  a, 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  i 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  ] 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  ( 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  c 
Lettuce,  per  dozen..  1 
PoTATos. — Ma,3;num  1 
6oi,  to  Soj.  per  ton  ; 

Plants  in  Pots.— Ave 


punnet  1  o-  t  6 

Mustard  and  Cress.do.o  4-  .. 
3  Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
)     Parsley,  dozen  bunch  20-30 

Par>nips,    per   do^en  10-.. 

Potatos,  percwt     ..   40-50 

,,     kidney,  percwt  40-50 

3    .Salsafy,   per    bundle  09-.. 

Scorzonera,  p.  bundle  10-.. 
3     Scakale,  punnet       ..  26-  .. 
)  I  Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  q 
5     Spinach,    per  bushel  4  0-6     o 
3  I  Sprouts,  per  pound     03-.. 

Sprue,  bundle         ..    10-   .. 
[    Toniatos,  per  lb.     ..06-10 
i    Turnips,  bunch       ..  06-  .. 
,  bad  trade,  50J.  to  Zos.  \  Regents, 
tn  Reds,  is.  to  us.  6tf.  per  bag. 


;  Wholesale  Prices. 


6-7- 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  o-i3  o  '  Ficns  elastica,  each.. 
Arbo.  vitie  (golden),  I  Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o  '      dozen         ..         ..4  o-il 

—  (common),  dozen  6  0-12  o     Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen. .  12  &-18  o        ous,  each  ..         ..2  o-k 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o     Hyacinths,  per  doz.  9  0-1; 
Bou\*ardia,  doz        ..12  0-18  o      —  Roman,    per  pot  i  o-  : 
Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  0-12  o     Marguerite       Dai>y, 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  9  o-ir 
Cyclamen,   12  pots. .12  0-2. 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  o-i; 

I)raca:na   tcrminalis,  i^elargonmms,    scar- 

per dozen  . .         .  .30  0-60  o        let,  per  dozen      . .  60-  90 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o     Poinsettia,         per 

Erica,    various,  doz.12  0-24  o         dozen  ..  ..12  0-18  o 

Euonymus,    in  var.,  Primulas,    single,    12 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o         pots  ..  ..40-60 

Evergreens,   in  var.,  Tulips,  12  pots         ..  8  o-i^  o 

per  dozen  . .         . .  6  0-24  o 

Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d.  s.  d.  s.  d. 

Abuti  on,  12  bunches  20-40    Lilium    longiflorum, 
Acacia  (Mimosa),  Fr.,  12  blooms ..         ..  60-80 

per  bunch..  ..  o  6-  i  o     Marguerites,  12  bun.  30-00 

Arum  Lilies,  i2blms.  60-90     Mignonette,  12  bun.  30-60 
Azalea,  12  sprays  ..    10-16     Pelargoniums,  per  12 
bouvardias,  per  bun.  06-10         trusses        ..  ..10-16 

Camellias,  12  bims..  30-60,  —  scarlet,  12  trusses  09-10 
Carnations,  12  bIms.  10-30  Poinsettia,  12  blms..  40-80 
Chiysanth.,  12  blms.    10-40!  Roses  (indoor),    per 

—  12  bunches  ..  6  0-24  o  I  dozen  ..  ..  1  o-  3  o 
Cyclamen,  doz.  blms.  06-081  —  Tea,  French,  ^oz.  06-10 
tpiphyllum,      dozen                    '    —  red,  French,  doz.   16-20 

blooms       ..  ..06-10;  Tropaeolum,  12  bun.  20-30 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  50-80'  Tuberoses,  12  blms..  10-16 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  50-90  Tulips,  doz.  blooms  10-13 
Hyacinths,  Rom.,  12  Violets,     12    bunches  i  o-  1  6 

sprays        ..  ..10-20!—  Czar,    Fr.,  bunch  16-23 

Lapageria,  white,  12  [    —    Parme,     French, 

blooms       . .  ..20-30         per  bunch . .  ..40-60 

—  red,  12  blooms  ..   i  o-  2  o  1 

,*»  These  prices  will  vary  jnuch  during  next  week. 


S££DS. 

London  :  Dec.  16. — The  seed  market  to-day  was  thinly 
attended,  and  no  feature  presented  itself  either  of  impor- 
tance or  interest.  In  fact,  business  in  farm  seeds  seems 
to  be  generally  postponed  until  the  New  Year.  Values 
all  round  show  no  alteration.  Of  red  Clover  seed  the 
total  shipments  to  America  now  make  up  a  considerable 
bulk.  The  recent  advance  in  Trefoils,  of  fine  qualities, 
is  well  maintained.  The  tendency  in  blue  boiling  Pea3 
and  Haricot  Beans  is  in  favour  of  holders.  The  trade 
for  feeding  Linseed  is  quiet.  Canary  and  Hemp  seed 
sell  slowly  on  last  week's  terms,  yohn  Shaw  b*  Sans, 
Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  EX, 


December  19,  1S85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


795 


CORN, 

Mark  Lank,  Dec.  14,  —The  supply  of  English 
Wheat  was  moderate,  but  the  demand  was  no  better, 
and  prices  were  barely  supported.  Foreign  Wheat  was 
a  very  slack  sale,  prices  remaining  without  essential 
change.  Flour  hung  on  hand,  and  bids  hardly  up  to 
late  value.  New  Maize  is  rather  lower,  old  corn  steady. 
Barley  and  Peas  were  quiet,  and  unchanged  ;  Beans 
rather  more  saleable,  and  Oats  a  quiet  trade  at  steady 
prices.. 

Dee.  16.— Transactions  in  Wheat  and  flour,  so  far  as 
they  have  transpired,  have  not  been  sufficient  to  establish 
actual  quotations  for  quantity.  Barley,  with  fairly  full 
supplies  ot  home-grown  and  foreign,  was  worse  to  sell. 
Maize  was  dull.  Oats,  of  which  fresh  arrivals  are  light, 
were  held  firmly,  and  to-day  could  hardly  have  been  so 
well  bought  as  on  Monday  last. 

Average  prices  ot  corn  for  the  week  ending  Dec.  12  : 
—Wheat,  301.  dd.  ;  Barley,  agr.  8;^.  ;  Oats,  i8j.  2,/.  I-or 
the  corresponding  period  last  year : — Wheat,  30J.  \od.  ; 
Barley,  31J.  ;  Oats,  19J.  S^- 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec,  16.— Fair  supplies  of 
fruit  and  vegetables.  Trade  good  ;  moderate  prices. 
Quotations  ;— Pears,  2r.  to  6j.,  and  Apples,  is.  6d.  to 
ts.  per  bushel ;  Cabbages,  2j.  6d.  to  6s.  per  tally  ; 
Savoys,  as.  to  8j.  6d.  do.  ;  Spinach,  2s.  to  31.  per 
sieve  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  3^.  to4T.  6d.  do.  ;  Cauliflowers, 
2;.  to  3J-.  per  dozen  ;  bunch  greens,  y.  6-i.  to  5^.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  do.  Turnips,  35^.  to  41.  6d.  do.  ;  do. 
Carrots,  2s.  to  31.  do.  ;  do.  Beetroots,  3;.  to  31.  6d.  do.; 
do.  Parsley,  k.  to  2j.  do.  ;  Cdery,  5J.  to  ioj.  per  dozen 
bundles;  Onions.  4r.  to  5-r.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  in  sack, 
30J.  to  $os.  per  ton  ;  while  Turnips,  305.  to  60s.  do  ; 
Swede  do,,  30 r.  to  325,  do.  ;  Mangels,  22j^.  6d.  to 
251.  do. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  16. — The  supplies  to  this  market 
have  been  good  during  the  past  week,  as  also  the  attend- 
ance of  buyers,  and  consequently  a  fair  trade  has  been 
done  at  the  following  prices: — Cabbages,  st.  6d.  to 
6f.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  4^.  to  10s.  do  ;  red  Cabbage,  is. 
to  \s.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  greens  (bunch),  45.  to  4^.  6d.  per 
dozen  ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  11.  6d.  do.  ;  Sprouts,  3r.  to 
6s.  per  'sieve  ;  Brussels  heads,  is.  6d.  per  crate  ;  Man- 
gels, 20J.  to  22s.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  25^.  to  30J.  do.; 
Turnips,  40s.  to  60s.  do. ;  Apples,  5^.  to  js.  per  bushel  ; 
Onions,  70f.  to  80s.  per  ton  ;  Carrots,  cattle  feeding, 
285.  to  35^.  do.;  do.,  household,  40J.  to  481.  do.;  Horse 
Kadish,  qs.  to  125.  per  dozen  bundles. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitaliields  :  Dec.  15. — Trade 
slow,  and  lone  barely  so  firm  as  last  reported.  Quota- 
tions : — Regents,  90J.  to  105J.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  jos. 
to  90/.  ;  Early  Roses,  jos.  to  8o.f.  ;  Champions,  60s.  to 
70(.  ;  German,  6oj.  to  70J.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  16. — There  was  a 
good  demand  at  the  following  quotations: — Magnums, 
Soj.  to  70s.  ;  Regents,  50^.  to  755.  ;  Victorias,  50J.  to 
65?.  ;  and  Champions,  50X.  to  6oj.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  16,  —  Magnums,  501.  to  85.T.  ; 
Regents,  80s.  ;  Roses,  651.  ;  and  Champions,  $$s.  to 
60J.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  info  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  187  bags  from  Ghent,  410^  from  Hamburg,  14 
from  Rotterdam,  30  from  Bremen,  3  from  Amsterdam, 
and  2179  from  Stettin. 


CATTLE, 


Metropolitan  :  Dec.  14. — For  this,  the  "  Christmas 
Calile  Maikei,"  there  was  a  splendid  show  all  round. 
The  magnificent  exhibition  of  cattle  was  numerically 
more  extensive  than  for  several  years  past,  the  entries 
being  7800  head.  As  usual  the  Scotch  classes  took  the 
lead,  on  ihe  score  of  numbers,  whilst  Ihey  were  second  to 
none  in  point  of  merit.  This  year  the  Scotch  senders 
have  not  only  surpassed  the  growers  and  contributors 
from  the  principal  sources  of  supply  in  other  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom,  but  ihey  surpassed  their  own 
efforts  on  many  previous  occasions.  The  Hercfords 
were  apparently  the  next  strongest  in  force.  Then 
came  the  Devons,  in  lull  perfection.  From  Norfolk 
there  was  a  conspicuous  collection,  as  well  as  from 
Lincolnshire,  Northamptonshire,  &c.  As  with  the 
cattle  so  witli  the  sheep,  the  supplies  were  much  in 
excess  of  last  year,  being  12,660.  The  collection  was 
not  only  extensive  but  prime.  The  greater  weight  of 
meat  was  comprised  in  the  half-breds.  Prices  all  over 
flucttiated  somewhat,  but  the  following  were  the  closing 
figures,  which  are  compared  with  last  year's  : — Beasts, 
4^.  6d.  to  St.  6d.  (1884,  4J.  6d.  to  61.]  ;  calves,  4J.  to 
5^.  (1884,  4^.  lod.  to  6s.)  ;  sheep,  41.  41/.  to  5?.  lod. 
(1884,  5x.  to  6s.  6d.)  ;  pigs,  3^.  8d.  to  41.  2d.  (1884, 
3^.  ^d.  to  4 J.  M.). 

Dec.  17. — Trade  was  dull.  Beasts  were  very  dilTicult 
to  move,  and  were  decidedly  lower  than  on  Monday. 
Sheep  sold  slowly,  at  drooping  prices.  Calves  and  pigs 
were  dull. 


Government  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  99^  to  99^  for  delivery,  and  99^  to  99^  for  the  ac- 
couni.  Tue.' day's  figures  were  99^  to  99JJ  for  dtlivery, 
and  997'jj  to  99  *fl  for  the  account.  The  final  quotiilions 
of  Wednesdiy  were  99il-  to  9:^^  for  the  delivery,  and  ogj 
to  99f  for  the  account.  Tliurfday's  closing  figures  were 
99^  to  99I  ioT  delivery,  and  99yV  to  99iij  for  the  account. 
The  above  quotations  are  e.x  div. 


Every  Garden  and  every  Gardcricr  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranRlng  from  2;.  6d.  to  £20. 

Carefully  Packed,  and  se„l  Post-free  or  Cirriagc  Paid  to  any 
Rlilway  Station  or  Port  in  the  E.ilish  liles. 

EWING    &    CO., 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 


OFFER    of    DAHLIA    TUBERS    is    now 
ready,  and  may  be  had  upon  application  to 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham 


The  OM-ICilallish.  .1  Secil  &-■  Xmsciy  Business. 


F.^  A.  Dickson^  Sons, 

io6,   Enstg^ate  Street, 

—  &  — 

The   "Upton"    Nurseries, 

^^     Chester.     1^ 

"The  Queen's  .Seedsmen." 

Xa^-^^j^  ci^-u^^— 200  a'c-t^c^. 

(^n.M^t    o'T.t_c_a 50     C^ct-c-o- 

fill  J\eg\da.rly   'zTransplan.ted. 


•^j-'.^ti^  <^,^JL  po^t   i^-^su^. 

j£.jti}natec   given. 


MILLTRACK    MUSHROOM    SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.     Quality  guaran- 
teed.     41.  6</.    per  bushel  (i6  cakes),  td.  per  bushel  package; 
ipies,  free  parcel  poat,  u.  jd.    Trade  supplied 


:ry  low 


ndCO.,  Manufaclun 


,  N.W.; 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4</.  per  bushel ;   roo  for  ^\s  ;  truck  ('oose,  about  2  tons), 

aoj. :  4  bushel  bags,  ^H.  eacli. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25.f.  ;  sacks,  t,d.  each. 

BLACK  F1BK(jU:>  PEAl',  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  sm.  ;  sacks. 
4/.  each 

COARSt  SILVER  SAND,  is  gi  per  bushel  ;  151.  per  halt 
ton,  26s   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bai^s,  ^.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MUULU,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNU.M  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUS-IA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH  a..  Goldsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lant  (lai,-;y  called  17.1,  Coal  Yard),  W  C. 


PINE-APPLE  NURSERY, 

MAID  A  VALE, 

LONDON,  N.W. 

New  Autumn  LIST  of  Cheap  Cash 
Offers  in  Ornamental  Plants,  sent  on 
application.  Stove,  Greenhouse,  and 
Gartien. 

HENDEESON  &  SON. 

NEW    ROSES,    Is.    6d.    EACH. 
GLOIKE  LYONAISE,  the  first  Hybrid  Perpetual,  withjellow 

fijwers,  fine  quilily,  a  good  tbwer. 
BFAUTE  DE  L'EOROPE.  o  lour  daik  yellow,  free  bloomer,  a 

seedling  from  Gloire  de  Dijon,  which  it  suipasses. 
ETOILE  DE  LYONS,  deep  yellow,  large,   and   very  double. 


MADAME  EUGEtlE  VERDIEE, 

golden  yellow,  long  buds,  1 1 
OLD  FAVOURITES.-Gloire   de    1 


Ma 


iwers  large,    fine    form, 
■  class  Certificate. 
in  and    Souvenir  de  la 
:n  ;  MatiSch.il  Niel,  9s. 


100  HARDY  GARDEN  FLOWERS,  hardy  herbaceous 
plants,  in  103  varieties,  i"s.,  2  is.  ;  choice  and  rare,  30s. 
and  4CS.  the  loj. 

100  STOVE   or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,    of  the    most 

beaiitilul  lljwering  and  olnninental  foliage,  in  100 
varieties,  for  63s.  and  105s.  the  ico ;  or  in  50  varieties, 
4,s.  the  100. 
12  AZALEA  INIDCA  for  185.  Healthy  plants,  coveted  with 
rt  iwer-buds.  Splentlid  varieties— r2  hardy  Ghent 
vaiietie.,  iSs  ;  12  A.  Mollis,  covered  with  flower-buds, 
I2S  and  185. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  buds,  2  is.  and  30s. 

DRAC.ENAS,  ii  sorts,  very  ornamental,  6s.,  gs. 

CROTONS,  beautiful  sjrts,  6s.,  12s. 

IXORAS,  finest  varie.ies,  various  cjlours,  6s.,  12s  ,  18s. 

MAIDENHAIR  FERNS,  12  sorts,  6s.,  9s. 

Gold  and  Silver-leaved  FERNS,  6s.,  9s. 

PALMS,  varieties,  6s..  9s.,  12s. 

EUCHaRIS  AMAZONICA  (Amazon  Lily),  6s.,  gs  ,  12s. 

NERIUM  (Oleander),  12  sorts,  various  colours,  6s.,  91. 

AFRICAN  ASPARAGUS,  a  lovely  plant,  181.,  21s. 

BUUVARDIAS,  in  12  fine  vatieliis,  6s. 

In  less  quantities  at  the  same  rate. 
1000  BULBS,  in  fine  selection  of  sorts,  for  garden  decoration. 


WHITETHORN   or   QUICK. 

THOMAS     PERKINS   AND   SONS, 
14,     DRAPERY.     NORTHAMPltJM, 
Cffer  very  fine  strong  stuflf  1  f  the  above,  at  prices  varying  from 

Sample  humocds  .inap,jac:ation. 
Cash  with  Order  from  unknown  Correspondents. 


12-QZ.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  (or  Orchids, 
SiovePlants,&c.,;C6  6s.  per  TrucW.  BLACK  FlRkOUSPEAT, 
(or  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  liag,  5s.  ;  5  Bjgs.  22s.  td.  ;  10  Bags, 
4iS.  Bagi  included  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  ros.  td.  per  Bag. 
"SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnborough  Station.  Hants. 

Peat— Peat-Peat. 

FOR  Rhododendrons  and  common  purposes. 
For  Slove  and  Greeiihou-e  Planf,  Heaths,  Ferns,  &c. 
For  Orchids  (,peciallv  selected'  fibrous),  in  sacks  or  barrels. 

Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  very  superior  LEAF  MOULD, 
LtJAM,  Fine  and  Coarse  SILVER  SAND. 

Trade  liberally  dealt  with.     Prices  on  application  to 
GATERELL  and  SON,  Wholesale  Peat  Merchanis,  Ring- 
wood,  Hams. 

LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDE,  Improved. 
— So'uble  in  water.  The  cheapest,  safest,  and  most 
effectual  Insettxide  extaor.  Harmless  to  flowers  and  foliage. 
Insiant  death  to  Mealy  Bug,  Scale,  Thiips,  Red  Spider,  Gree? 
and  Black  FIVj  .American  Blight,  Mildew,  Ants,  &c.  As  a 
Winter  Dressing  unequalled.  See  circulars,  with  testimonials 
from  many  of  the  leading  gardeners  on  its  behalf.  Sold  by  mcst 
of  the  leading  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Garden  Manure 
Manufacturers,  in  tins— per  pir,t,  is.  6rf.  ;  quart,  ss,  9/.  ;  half 
gallon,  5S,  :  gallon,  91.     Directions  for  use  with  each  tin. 

Wholesale,  J.  W.  COOK  E,  Market  Place  Winsford.  Cheshire  ; 
.also  Messrs.  OSMAN  AND  CO.,  15.  Wmdsor  Street,  Bishopgate, 
London,  E.C  ;  and  CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  and  CO.. 
10,  Finsbury  Street,  E.C. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4bu-h!l  Bags, 
IS.  each  ;  30  for  25s.— bags  included  ;  2-ton  Truck.  Iree  on  Rail, 
251.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PKAT,  51.  per 
Sack  ;  5  lor  22s.  tJ.  :  10  for  35s.  ;  20  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FlliROUS  PEAT,  4S  6d.  per  Sack;  5  for  20»  ;  10  for  301. 
COARSE  BEDtORD  SAND.  is.  td.  per  Bushel;  14!.  per 
y.  Ton  :  2;s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  lOBACCO  PAPKR, 
\\d.  per  lb.  :  28  lb,,  =is. ;  cwt  ,  70s.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  id.  per  lb,  ;  281b.  for  18s.  LE\F-MOULD,  51. 
per  S:,cl(.  PEAT  MOULD.  41.  per  Sick.  YELLOW 
HBKOUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  S.ck.  CHARCOAL,  2s,  id.  per 
Bushel  ;  Sacks,  i,d.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
ivc.     LIS  1'  Free      Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  &  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Somhwaik  Street,  S.E.  (nejr  London  llridge). 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prizs;  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..   41.  id.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  20s. 

PE.AtI  best  bbick  fibrous     ..    y.  id.  ,,  5  sacks  for  15s. 

peat]  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6./.  „ 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     \ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.bestL     „„  bush    sacks  included! 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..      1  "  P"  '"""•'  '"^"^  'ucludedj. 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  3^,  per  bush.,  12s.  half  ton,  22s.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOl  H.  finest  imported        . .     id.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         |Sficialii.£)    8<i'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i3j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNU.VI    MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush,,  6s.  per  sack, 

COOOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s  ;  15  sacks,  r3S.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 
30  sack-.  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  '1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
23s.  Limited  quantit.es  o;  G.,  special  q.ialily.  granulated,  in 
sacks  only.  2-.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERP.Y  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

r  I U       i  fl  1. 1     U  I L        ( soluble  In  Water) 

riTrcunllv  clears  all  Insects  a'  d  Parasites  fion  ihe  Roots 

or  Foliase  ol  Tiees  and  P.ant,.  Kills  ?li  VeJ.t,.H;  G  ub.s, 
Tu  iiij  Fiy,  fie.  Cures  Mi'dtW  .aid  liliilit  t-le.us  Grapes 
fr.  m  Mealy  Bug,  ftc,  and  make,  a  gojd  Wii.ier  Dres-inp.  Of 
all  .-setd  nienai.u  Lhemists,  \s.  id  ,  as.  frf.,  a-.o  4s.  6 /.  a  buttle, 
ner  POM  I'/  exirv    Perg-lo..  :,s  6./ ,  or  les- in  larger  qu  mimes. 

r.imfhUt,  ■■Fir  Tree  Oil:'  and  iU  arpticalion.  se„l/ree  la 
any  adatiss.  by  llie  Ma„u/ac.  u,cr. 

E   GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale  from  HoopEK  &  Co  ;  Cobhv,  Soper,  Fowler 
iSi  Co  ■  C.  E  OSMAN  &  Co,,  and  ah  ihe  London  Seed 
MeichVnts  and  Wholesale  Patent  MeJicine  Houses. 


796 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18S5, 


p  ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

vX  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  FJy.  and  other  B'ight.  1  to  z  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  a*  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  mmy  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  i5-,  31.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  ttf.  and  is ,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  finest  and 
most  effective,  14  !b.  for  gs.  ;    28  lb.,  i8f.  ;    cwt.,  yos. 
Special  quotations  lor  the  Trade, 
DENYN,  Maoulacturer,  73,  Rendlesham  Road,  Clapton,  E, 

Russian  Mats. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lower  rate  than  for  several 
years  for  present  orders.  AUo  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAT  BAGS.     Price  and  sinip'es  on  applicalioi. 

4  and  5.  Wormwooa  Street,  Lordon,  E.C. 

Russia  Mat  and  Raffia  Merchants. 

MATS    and    RAFFIA  FIBRE   supplied  at 
tower  prices  than  any  other  house    The  Trade  and  Dealers 
only  supplied.      For'Wholesale  Prices,  apply  to  the  Importers, 

MARENDA2  and  FISHER,  7,  8,   and  g.  James  Street. 
Covent  Garden.  W  C. 

USSIA    MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 

Before    Buying,     write    for    JAS.    T.    ANDERSON'S 
Catalogue,  which  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
149.  Commercial  Street.  London,  E. 
Registered  Teleeraphic  Address-"  JATEA,  LONDON." 

STON  CLlT^TON  STRAW  MATS.— The 

Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes:— 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  g  in.,  at  2j.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  3S.  nd.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft  ,  at  31.  srf.     Apply  to 

Miss  MULIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,  Tiing,  Bucks. 

BUY    ONLY    ENGLISH    WATCHES. 

BENSON'S    NEW    PATENT    (No.   465S) 
"LUDi;ATE"  WATCH,  has   obtained  the  Highest 

Awaud  of  a  Gold  Medal  at  the  Inventions  Exhibition,  1885 


SILVER, 

£5  5s.  "'  c^ 


£12  12s. 


The  "Ludgate  Watch"  Is  a  Sliver  ENGLISH  Lever, 

of  my  best  London  make,  wiih 
"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

Jeive'lgd  throtiffhout  in  rT*bics—true  Chronometer  balance — 
adjusted  for  extremes  ivillt  damp  and  dust-proof  patent 
ring-band,  and  extended  barret— massive  sterling  silver  dome 
cases  ivith  Crystal  glass  front,  which  combines  the  strength 
of  the  Hunter  with  the  convenience  of  the  Open  Face  Watch— 
]\  tnds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 

The  immense  superiority  in  Value,  Accuracy,  and  Durability 

of  the  "  Ludgate  "  Watch  to  Swiss  and  American  (made 

m  Imitation  of  and  sold  as  English)  and  to  the  Old  Full-plate 
English  Lever  (still  sold  by  other  makers),  from  the  great  defects 
of  which  the  "  Ludgate  "  is  exempt— is  proved  bythe  Award  of  a 
GOLD  MEDAL— (/i*  only  one  aijudgid  to  English  Watches. 
^  Tlie  ^Ludgate"  ts  o/  better  ijnatity  and  va.ue  than  any 
atch  hitherto  made.     The  '^Ludgate "  is  my  best  Lcndon 


£>'>t 


make— strong,  handsome,  and  reliable-  ivill  stand  the  hsrdtst 
■wear  atui  roughest  usage,  and  is  there/ore  the  best  watch  for 
Home,  Indian  and  Colonial  wear  by  Gardeners  (No.  i,  large 
size),  IVorkmen,  and  Artisans  (No.  2,  as  sketch),  Gentlemen, 
Officers  and  Men  in  H.M.  services,  Yonlhs'  and  Boys'  (No.  3, 
small),  will  be  sent, free  andsa/e  at  my  riji,  to  all  farts  of  the 
world,  for  £5  63  ,  o-  in  18-carat  gold,  crystal  glass  cases, 
Twelve  Guineas  (No.  3  size). 

o^'S'ii';',".'^^''''  ''■'^  "■■  "'^''-  "'  Cash,  must  accompany  Order. 
SPECIALLY  BOTE  that  J,  W.  Benson  is  the  only  Maker 
of  a  Three  Quaiter  Plate  English  Watch  for  Xls  51.  in  Silver, 
or  ^12  rzs.  in  Gold,  and  that  our  Patent  "  Ludgate"  Watch 
cannot  be  had  through  or  of  any  other  Watchmaker  in  the 
Kingdrra.  Any  infrmjement  of  the  Patent  Rights  will  be 
proceeded  against.  An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOlt  ex- 
plaining  the  advantages  of  this  Watch  over  the  Full-plate 
English  Watchts  sold  by  all  other  makers,  will  be  sent 
Post-free  on  application  to 

J.    "W.    BENSON, 

Watchmaker  to  Her  M.ijesty  the  Queen.  The  Steam  Factory, 

62  and  64.  Ludgate  Hill,  EC  : 

And  25,  Old  Bond  street,  W..  London. 

Consequent  npon  the  a.sard  of  the  GoLi.  Medal,  the  demand, 
always  gteat.  ha;  so  increased  as  to  necessitate  more  extensive 
Machinery,  which  now  enables  us  to  execute  all  Orders  for 

the    Ludgate    Watch  without  delay 

Illustrated  Pamphlets  of  Watches  from  I:,  to /soo.  Gold  and 
Sliver  Jewelleiy,  Clocks  (House.  Chime,  and  Turre!),  Electr,; 
plate  and  Musical  Boxes,  free  on  application, 


s 


Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 
TRONG     WELL-MADE      POTS 

for  the  above. 

Hyacinths  In  Pots. 

POTS  made  expressly  for  HYACINTHS 
can  be  supplied  by 
I.  MATTHEWS.  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
PRICE    LIST    free. 


UNING  MADE  SAFE  AND  EASY. 


SAWS     for 


nil  fit  all  our  Prun 


-Curved. 
These  and  extra  KNIVES  (li. 
to  15  (5i)  post-free.  Patent 
Solid  Steel  PRU  N I NG  HOOKS 
and  BILLS;  also  TROWELS, 
FORKS.  RAKES,  and  HOES, 
in  active  progress,  and  will  be 
strongest  and  cheapest  ever  S(IJ, 
Price  Lists  of  the  STAN- 
DARD MANUFACTURING 
CO.,  Patentets  and  General 
Machinists.  Strand  Arcade,  Der- 
by ;  and  Sold  by  the  Principal 
Ironmongers  and  Seedsmen. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON     EC 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  dtscnption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of 
charge   and  send  competent  assistants  \  hen  necessary 

LASCELLES  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

I2t,  BunhiU  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

BOULTON    &    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

GREENHOUSES,    GARDEN   FRAMES. 


SPEC/ -11      FhlCL  S 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  ihey  always  have    a    large    slock,  ready  plazed  and 
painied       'I  liey  are  made  of  ihe  test  materiaU,  ard   can   be  put 
logeiher  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       £,  i.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  " 
3-Iight  frame 

6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet_ 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  frammg  for 
bnck  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.HALLIDAVandCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers. 
Royal  Hrrticuliural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 

GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBKOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 
Plans  and   Estimates  on  application   for  every  description  of 

Iron. 

n    Stock. 


:%lasshouses&«eating: 


B;v/^^»R^rasT 


GREENHOUSE  GLASS,  \U.  per  foot,  in 
boxes.  Suitable  for  Frames,  Conservatories,  &c. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Greenhouses,  6a'. 
per  lb,  or  42s.  per  cwt.  — B.  LAMB  AND  CO.,  Glass,  LeiH, 
Paint,  and  Varnith  Meichants,  Builders,  and  Decorators,  Sun- 
drymen,  8,  Bucknall  Stieet.  London,  W.C- 


)  feet  boxes. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock 
A  large  stock    of  similar    current   sizes  ol    15-OZ     glass   m 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Mucellaneotif 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBOE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfield.  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  affilication.     (Juote  Chronicle. 

ROBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^E  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made     in     materials    of     great     durability.       The 
plainer    sorts  are  specially  .an 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N    =^ 
GARDENS,  as   they  har- 


Slus 


Insi 


lake  up  little    room,   and,  ^ 

once    put    down,  incur    no  v^w 

further    labour  or  expense,  £.  79 

Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c  ,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design 
F     ROSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Grounij 
Street,    Blackfriars.    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chelsea.    S  W  ■ 
Kingsland  Road,  E.  ... 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES 
PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  ■    alstj 
for    FOXLEV'S    P.«ENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 
BRICKS. 
Illu  trated  Price  LISTS  F,ee  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHITE  GLAZED  TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 
Larder^,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 
Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 
■''"  "''        Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sample;  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Registered  Trade  Afari  ) 


H 


all  outdof 


introduced  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Ad V' 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imiutors,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
'is  used  cold.  It  is  used  m  the  grounds  at 
Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  many 
nunareas  oi  lue  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
flattering  testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  sogallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon. 


Windsi 


Uns. 


.  8a'.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
.  Tfs 


1S76  —Sirs,  I  have  this  day 

■  address  a  black  varnish  cask, 

good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 

;  the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 


*' Pierce  field  Park,  Ju 
forwarded  from  Chepstow  t 
to  be  filled  aod  returned  v 
had,  which  I  candidly  admi 
Varnish  to  Piercefield  Park,  Chepstow 
ipecifully.  Wm.  Cox." 

CA  UTION,-W\\.\.  &  Smith  would  particularly  ^ 
Custom-rs  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now 

H.  &  S.'s  Varnish  hai 
of  the  large  estates  in  tl 

and  their  constantly  increasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
Testimonials  they  receive  stamp  it  as  a  truly  genuine  article. 
Every  Cd--k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrauce  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH,  Brierley  Hill  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  73,  Elrabanli 
Street,  Glasgow. 


December  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


191 


By  Special  Appcintments  to  H.M.  the  Q,ueen  and  H.I.  and  B.H.  the  C-owa  Princegs  of  Germany. 


ROB  INS  0  N 

IRISH  DAMASK  TABLE 
A  N  D     C  AM  B  R J  C 


TBISH    DAMASK    TABLE    IINEN.- 

•*■  FUh  NapklDs,  2j.  6V.  per  dozen.  Dirner  Najkicis,  4i.  6 /. 
per  dozen.  Table  Clolhs,  2  lards  :q  laie,  2.  9/.  ;  2!j  yaids  by 
3  yards.  Cf.  llrf.  each.  Kilchen  Table  Clolhs,  WAd.  each. 
Slrong  Huckaback  Towels,  4r.  M.  per  dozen.  M on; cram  , 
Crisis.  Coals  of  Arms,  lailials,  &c  (►woven  and  embro  deled. 

IRISH  L  IN  E  N  S.— Seal  Irish  Linen 
SheetinS,  fully  '  Cached.  2  sards  wide  li.  ll.l".  per  y.ir  J  ; 
2]i  yards  aide.  2i.  V'id.  per  yard  (rhe  most  durable  arlicle  made, 
and  far  supeiijr  lo  any  foreign  manu'aclured  gcoJ)  Roller 
Towelling  18  ii.ches  wide,  Z'AJ.  per  yard.  Sur[  lice  !,i.  eu, 
i\icl.  per  yard.  Linen  Dusters.  3i.  Sr'. ;  Glass  Clolhs,  4c.  C  . 
per  djzsn.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diaper,  10(/.  per  yard. 
Samples,  post-free. 

ROBINSON    & 


&   CLEAVER'S 

AND  HOUSE  LINENS, 
POCKET  HANDKERCHIEFS, 


TBISH    CAMRB.IC     POCKET    HAND- 

■■■  KEKCHIEFS,  Hemmed  for  Use.  All  Pure  Flax.  Per 
dnzen -Children's  1'.  6rf.  ;  Ladies',  2t.  6/.;  Genllemei.'-. 
3i.  ii.  Hemstitched  — Ladies',  3r.  lid-:  Gents',  6>.  9./. 
Samples,  post-fiee. 

TRI8H    LINEW::COLLARS  and  CUFFS.— 

■•■  Coll. r,— Ladies'  at.d  Children's  Three-fo'd,  3i.  6i  per 
Gentlemen's  Four  fold,  4.-.  11./.  to  6;.  \\J.  per  drz.-n. 
or  Ladies.  Gentlemen,  and  Children.  5..  11./  t.i  lOj.  9  /. 
zen  "Their  Irish  Linen  Collars,  Cuffs,  Shirts,  &c., 
le  merits  of  excellence  and  cheapness."— Cti«^^  Ciictilur. 


RISH    MADE    SHIRT3.-Best  Quality  Lon?- 

il.lh  Bjdies,  with  lour  ful  1  all  lin;n  frcns  and  ci  IT., 
.  6/.  ihe  half  dozen  (lo  measure  2t.  extra).  New  Des'i-ns 
jur  sp;cid  Indiana  and  Printed  Gauze  Shirlingi  and  U:.- 
nkable  FUnne's  for  the  season.     Samples    pcs.-fiee. 


BELFAST. 


Telegraphic    Acdress- 
"  LINEN,"  Belfast. 


i 


'^— ^ 


y.- 


rrfi! 


,'cni;ir'pr!«i'>    F 


CROMPTON&FAWKES 

(late  T.  H.  P.  Den.ms  &  Co  ), 
ANCHOR      WORKS, 

CHELMSFORD. 
London  Office :  Mansion  House 
BuUdlngs. 
s^i     Horticultural  Builders  in  Wood 
Tj  or  Iron, 

v*!    Hot-water   Heating   Engineers  and 
Boiler  Makers. 
Best  Woikmanship  atd  Materials. 
■1^'  Most  Moderate  Prices. 

CATALOGUES    FREE. 


^*- 


DARLINGTON 

Established:]    U  n  b  u  u 


OUR  ALL  wool.  CR03S-WARP  SEROES.  from  ll!,v. 

to  Ir.  11V(/.  per  yard,  are  practically  untearable  either 

wav  of  the  cloth,  and  are  warranted  to  wear  and  nl^ays 

luck  well  : 
OUR   GOLD   MEDAL  CASHMERES,   from  Is.  11/.  to  3/. 

pvr  yard  ; 
MERINOES,   from  2r.  to  3.-   6./.  per  yard  ; 
OTTOMANS,  f.oin  Ir.  to  3;.  per  yard  ; 
COSTUME  CLOTHS,  from  2i.  to  4i.  per  jard; 
CORDS,  from  6./.  to  1j.  6 V.  pet  yard 

All  ihe  above  are  PLAI.M  and  COLOURED. 

Ladies  are  invited  to  send  for  Palterns  frcm  any  p.-irt  of  the 

World,  when  they  wi  1  immediale'y  receive  a  cr^mplele  set  wii  h 

Illustrated  Ciicular,  PosT-FKEe.    Puichases  of.^^!  car.iage  paid 

to  any  Railway  Station  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

HENRY    PEASE    AND 


Sole  Spinners  and  Manufacturers, 


GOLD    MEDAL 
FABRICS.       [... 


OUR  OCEAN.   CANVAS,    and    BASKET    CLOTHS,   Plain 

and   Figured,  at  lOM^/.  per  yard  ; 
NONS'  VEILINGS,  Plain  and  Figured,  from  %%.{.  XaWAJ. 


yaid  ; 


SOLEILS,  Pla  II  and  Figured,    rom  \s.  iil.  to  3r.  per  yard. 

The  LARf.EST  :.nd  CHOICF.ST  Stock  (to  select  frr.m)  in 
F  upland  cf  i'nn  /ide  heme  manufactured  goods,  held  by  ihe 
acuiil  Manufacture.! 

ANY  IJUANTITV  CUT,  at  WHOLESALE  PUICSS. 

OUR  MANUFACTURES  have  had  133  years'  REPU  TA- 


TluN,   ha- 


;  Ml! 


ade  fro 
HR.H.  ll 
made.       k< 


sAME  YARNS  as  go.ids  supplied 
PRINCESS  of  WALES.  They  arc  the  b 
people  are  entraged  in  their  production,  f 
back  to  thit  of  the  wtatcr. 


COMPANTSjyCCESSORS, 

The  Mills,  DARLINGTON, 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     iv.c. 


Please    send    me 


cotnmciicmo 


The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for , 
_,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0. 


1885. 
Mouths, 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

_  THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  /i  3.f.  lor/.  ;    6  Months,  i  li.  i  ir/.  ;    3  Months,  6y.  ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  ;— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  id. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  No.  42,  London,   to   IV.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  " DRUMMOND." 


798 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  19,  18 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISiNG. 

Head  l.iur  chnrgtd  as  luo. 


4  Lines...  Co 

0 

15  1 

ines.../o     S 

ft 

,    ...   0 

b 

16 

„     ...    0    9 

6 

,    ...   0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ...    0     9 

7 

,    ...  0 

4 

6 

18 

„     ...    0   10 

8 

,    ...   0 

■; 

0 

19 

„     ...    0   10 

9 

,    ...   0 

■; 

6 

20 

„     ...    0   II 

10 

,    ...   0 

6 

0 

21 

„     ...    0   II 

11 

,    ...    0 

6 

6 

22 

„     ...    0   12 

n 

,    ...    0 

7 

0 

23 

„     ...    0   12 

13 

,    ...    0 

7 

6 

24 

„     ...    0    13 

14 

,    ...    0 

8 

0 

2& 

»     -    0   13 

AND   SIXPENCE 

OR  EV 

ERY  ADDITIONAL   LINE, 

If 

et  across  columns,  the 

lowest  ch 

\RTse  will  be  305. 

Page 

.£9  0  0 

H.ilf  Page  .. 

.     S     0    a 

Column 

•350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

35  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  Une 
(about  Q  words)  or  part  of  a  lioe. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices^  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  a>id 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current   week   must  reach  the  Office 

bv  Thursday  twon 


AU  SutDscriptlons  PayaWe  lu  Advance. 

The    United   Kingdom  :    12  Months.   l\   3a.  lOd. 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6S. 

Foreign    (excepting    India   and    China):    includins    Postage, 

£1  6B.  lor  12  Months;    India  and  China,  £1  88.  2d. 
Post-office  Orders  to  be   made,  payable   at   DRURY  LANE. 

W  C.  to   W.    KlCHARDS. 


RIPPINGILLES    PATENT    PRIZE    MEDAL 

GREENHOUSE   Warming   STOVE. 

The  only  perfect  Oil  StDve  made. 
Awarded  the  highest  prem'um  over 


IS       kiLO 


for 
nd  ke 


They  barn  absolutely 


they  c 


Or 
-.r.d  da 

pipes  CI  fillings,  e've  i;fr  no  ii  jii'  lou'; 
vajjour  to  either  vegct:,ble  or  aninul 
l.'e,  wi;i  burn  twelve  to  twenty  huurs 

ived  from  one  place 
In  another  while  burning,  and  lor 
tlTicier.cyand  economy  can  be  hiehly 
icc^mii. ended.  I'lices  from  a  few 
shillings.     Sold  by  all  Ironmongers 

nid  Lamp  Dealers.  See  the  name 
ii:>on  ihe  stove  befor*?  you  purchase. 

Full  Illuitiated  LIST  and  name  and 
addre's  of  neaiest  agent  forwarded 

ree  on  appiicatioa  to  the  sole  manu- 

.iclurers— 


THE     ALBION     LAMP     COMPANY, 

ASTO^J  ROAD,    BIRMINGHAM. 

THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 
HOT-WATER   APPARATUS. 


n 


Price,  .'--.  ■      .         r  ;."■■■:■■'■!  I'   ■>    1=  'eet  of 

4-iiich    hoi-w_.t-:^.    I'ii,-.   .'.mi    paltut   j   iins    tiiir,ul:;:s,    X4   4'. 

Delivered  free  to  any  station.     Di'-count  for  ca;h 

This  is  the  simplest,  cheapest,  ?.ud  most  powerful  apparatus 

made.     Ic  requires  no  bnck  setting,  no  stokehole,  and  no  hci- 

water  fitter  for  fixing.     The  Boiler  stands  m  the  Gieech^use, 

the  front  only  being  outside  and  flush  with  the  outer  wall,  so 

that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  boiler  itself  is  utilised. 

It  burns  ever  12  hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 

''Loughborough"    Boilers  to  heat  up  lo  65D  feet  of  4-inch 

pipe,  with  hot-wattr  pipe,  joints.  &c.,  nlivays  in  stock. 

Cost  of  Apfaraius  COMPLETE  for  Gieenhousts  as  below  :- 

ioby6fl../4  14  o  I  ishyoft../s  10   S  |  isby  12  ft.,  £,^  16  8 

I?  by  8  ft,    5     I   o  I  23  by  10  ft  ,    6    o  o  |  4.  by  16  ft.,  12  12   4 

Proportionate  prices  for  olher  sizes.     Estimates  on  appUc^tlof. 

Th«  measurement  of  Greenhouse  bsing  given,  every  apparatus 

is  delivered  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  (or  fixing. 

Ilhatraied  Li^t.  ivithfuil  pariiadars,  fast  f>ee. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers, 

^'sc.tllic'"!  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON   CO, 

(Limited)         ■ 
Have  attached  to  their  extensive  woiks  a  large  Joinery 
Department  with  the  lale.t  and  most  improved 
Machinery,  for  Ihe  Manufacture  of 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle,  ConEervatorles, 
Greenhouses,  Garden  Seats,  &o , 

ai  extretnely  jucderate  prices. 
Full  piitlculats  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUOESTEB. 


ALL    AGREE 

THE     "RED     ROSE" 

Is  the  most  economical  and  powerful 

heating  Boiler  yet  introduced. 

Awards  :— 

Internati  nal  E.\hihition,  Londoo— Silver  Medal. 
Noilhumbetland  Agricultural-Silver  Medal. 
Newcaslle-upon-T>ne  Horlicullural-Very  Highly  Commended. 
Rojal  Caledonian.  lidinburgh— Unanimously  Commended. 


The  fallcnLniig   Geniletiieit,    NurserymtJt,   and    Hot  water 
Engtneers  have  alrady  kindley  honourex  ii'iih  their  a/ip*-ecia- 
iio'L  and  confidence  by  ordering  the  "  Rid  Roie"  se~-:'ral  o/ 
whflm  have  atso  fo>iuarded  ntost  z-alnable  teslinccntats  ;  — 
H.  R.  HUGHES,  Esq  ,  Kimmel  Park.  Abergele,  N.W. 
R.  C.  CLEHHAN,  Esq,    Birdey  White   Houe,    Chesler-le- 

Sireet 
J.  JONAH  SMITH,  Esq.,  Ash  Lodge,  Wat'ord   Herts. 
Rev.  R.  D.  SHAFl'OE.  The  Vicarage,  Bransce.h. 
E  DWD.W  11  LI  AMS,E-q,  Cleveland  l.cdge.Middlesborough. 
The  TRUSIEE3,  Wesleyan  Chape',  Ch-ster-.'c-Stieet. 

On  account  of  ihe  great  .«-uccess  achieved  at  the  Weslej  an 
Cbapel  ihe  Primitive  Melh'jdiils  have  also  decided  to  oid;r  ihe 
"  Red  Rose  "  f.>i  their  new  chapel. 

Nurserymen : — 
Messr--.  T.  HARKNES^l  ano  SON,  Leeming,  Yorkshire. 

„     lOHN   E.  KNIGHT.  Wolve.hampton. 

„    JOHN  TUKTLF..  Welling,  Kent. 

,,     f.  HILLIKRS,  Winchesler. 

,,     HUGH   MUNRO  AND  !-ON.  Lamevlev.  Co   Durham 

,,     A.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  Newtoraidi,  Iie'anJ. 

,.     F   11.  Pi.U^TlE.  Bridge  of  Allan.  N.B. 

,.     G.  FAIRBAIRN.  B.tc^e  bv.  Car:i-le. 

,,     WILLIAM  HANDYSIUES.  Nevvca>tle-on-Tyne 

,,     E.  W.  CAN!  ELl-O,  >andown.  Isle  ol  Wight. 

„     J.  B.  WALKER.  Tavistjck. 

Fcr  particulars  apply 

JOSEPH    WIl'HERSPOOW. 

RED    ROSE    VINERIES.    CHES  LER-LE-STREET 
PS.  — French  and  Gsrrain  Patents  for  Sale. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  1     Poitable  !     For  Coal  ' 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenliouses,  BedroomB,  &o. 
Pare  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
l(/.,    without   attention.       Pani|..hlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.      In  use  daily  at  Patentee's^ 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.^ST. 


%U 


IRON  GARDEN-WHEELBARROWS 

W.ih  TUBULAR  FRVME  and  HANDLFS. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip," 

No.  14,  Japanned,  ite  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  21J  ; 

Galvanised  all  over.  aSl. 

Barlows  forwarded,  Cairiage  Paid,  to  my  part  o'  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Festal  Order,  oayab'c  10 

BHIERLEY    &    SON,     BIPMINGHAia'. 

ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED-IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  or  COPING  — PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERN  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLISES  for  CREEPERS-TRELLISED  ARCADES 
—ROSERIES— SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT- PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &c. 


R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTURAL   IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS, 
The  Pheasantry,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


GARDEN    REOUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,     Raffia    Mats.     Bamboo     Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,   Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

Under  the  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

J        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 
•  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTIERV.     Cata- 
logue Fiee  per  post,  of  evetv  Horticuliural  Requisite. 

KENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kenuaid),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S  E. 
Established  1S34. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

VfjsH  and  score//). 

"  Jury  "  Whlskev,  5  vears  old,  jr.  td.  botile ;  42s.  dozen. 

"  Special  Jury  "  V\  hiskey,  7  years  ol  1.  4J.  bottle  ;  48'.  d  zen. 

"Grand  Jury '' Whi.key {  •  ^  J-J-'l^^;  |- bouje ■,  60.  doz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  ihe  excellence  of  hii  Whukeys  that 
he  wi  1  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  1:  botile  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  I  art  of  the  Uriied  KiicHr  m  upon  receipt  of  remittance. 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 

^SS    "^  GIRDWOOD'S^"'' ^^^ 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

I'estand  most  wonderful 

DISCOVERY, 
ires    per'ecllv,    w  thout 

as  Bronchitis,  Whooping 
Ciugh.  Influenza,  Hay- 
tever,  Diphlt-ena,  &c. 

2s.  3d.  per  box, 

with  (.,11  dircciions  for  use. 
"^oH  by  all  Chemists  and 

Palent  Medicine  Vendors, 
;  dir.-ct  (where  it 
■eadily  be  obtained), 


Acdris;— 
JOHN    GIRDWOOD, 


'9  Donegall  Sqre.  'West, 
Belfast. 


E      P      P      S   '   S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

105.000  Accidents, 

For  which  Tv/o  Millions  have  been  paid  as  Compensation  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
Company,  64,  Cornhill.  Accidents  of  all  kinds.  Paid- 
up  and  Invested  Funds.  jC-^o.oco  ;  Premium  Income,  ;^235.oco. 
Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq.  Apply  to  the  Clerks  at 
Ihe  Railway  Stations,  the  Local  Agents,  or  West-end  Office, 
8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  Charing  Cross ;  or  at  the  Head 
Office,  64.  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


'HE   COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  of 

GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 


i-ilh 


Price  3(/.  :  post-free  3'Ad. 

Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richards, 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  at  the  Office  of  the  Gardeners  Chraniclc,  at, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence,  or 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
5upplicd  free  for  suv  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  fur 
which  the  paper  is  r.:qulred,  forwariling  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  " Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Hemui 
alwaj'S  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Esutes,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let, 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN     d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de   FLORICULTURE,   et   de   CULTURE  M.A.RAI- 
CHERE.     A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
i-itinnc      PiiKi;l->.«,i  c-:../^..  -qa.    i...  i?   t>..^. — 


,  „nd   Illustrations.     Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Ru 
F.    Pavn-aert,  E.   Rodigas,  and  H.  J. 


NICH,     r.     rAVNAERT,     t.     KODIGAS,    and    a.    J.    VAN    HULLl 

Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Goven 
menC  at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


December  19,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


799 


NEW      WORKS,      NOW     READY. 

New  Vol.,  XLT.,  i83s,  wilh  seventv-lwo  Cobured  Plales,  42s. 

BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE.  Figures  and 
Descripti  m  of  New  and  Rare  Plants.  liy  Sir  J.  D. 
HoOKBR.  K.R.S..  &c  Third  Series.  Vols  1.  lo  XL.,  each  42r. 
Publihsd  Monthly,  wi.h  Six  Plales,  3^.  6.^.  coloured.  Annnal 
Subscription.  ,2j. 

^•.  A  COVIPLETE  SET  of  this  scarce  and  valuable  work 
from  the  comaicncem.ct,  in  1787,  to  the  present  lime,  may  now 

Part  XII..  loi.  6 v., completing  Vol.  IV.,  3,1. 

FLORA   of   KRITISH    INDI.A.     By  Sir  J. 
D.   Hooker,  K.C.S.I.,  C  B.,  &c  ,  assi.ted  by  various 
B.,tanibU.     Vols.  1.  to  III.  3;!  each. 


Pan  IX.  (TORTULACE.t:  II.),  4?. 

THE  BRITISH  MOSS-FLOKA.  By  R. 
Uraithwaite,  M.D.,  K.L.S.  Imperial  8vo.  with  fintly 
executed  P..ates.  Pan  I  ,  is.  6d.  ;  Pan  II.,  2s  ;  Pan  III..  51  : 
Pan  IV..  3J.  ;  Part  V.,  41.;  Pait  VI.,  41  ;  Part  Vll,6i.  ; 
Part  VIII.,  6s.  

LORAL  PLATES,  beautiftilly  Coloured  by 

"     id,  6y.  and  IJ.  each     List  of  over  1000  varieties,  con- 
iiy  Orchids,  o:  e  stamp. 

OTANIC.AL  PLATES,  or  Plant  Portraits, 

"fully  Coloured  by  Hand,  id.  each.     List  of  Le.i:ly 


B 


5.  He 


.  W.C. 


Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  Willi. \M  Eaklev,  Author  of  "  How  10  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  (irow  Asparagus,"  &c  ,  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  4s.  6//. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  10  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Kcip.  cloth.     Price  71. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.    By  Rev.  O.  Fishek.   Founh  Edition.  Price  is. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  W1LLIA.M  Eaklev.     Price  u.  stitched. 

HOW     TO      GROW      ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  E.\planation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London:  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO.,  Boiivetie 
Street.  E.C. 

EVUE  de   I'HORTICULTURE    BELGE 

et  ETRANGERE  (Behian  and  Foreign  Honicullural 
Review) — i2th  year. — .\mong  the  principal  Contributors  arc  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre',  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
longkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kick.\,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Gecrt 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  VoL^em,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
macl,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ol  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  Svo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engr.avings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
14s.*,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-oece  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent 

MESSRS.  HARRISON  and  SONS, 
Leice:ter,  beg  to  .n'orm  the  nume'OUs  Applicants  for 
the  Situation  as  SHOPMAN  in  thtir  eslab  ishment  that  the 
VACANCY  IS  NOW  FILLED. 

ANTiTd,    a    PARTNER   in    a    Country 

Business,  owing  to  death  of  senior  parti  er.  Trare 
consists  of  Setd,  Nur.ery,  and  Florist  business.  —  For 
particulars,  apply  10  E.  H.  S.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Co  ,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E.  

Head  Gardener. 

WANTED,  a  steady  practical  MAN,  under- 
standing, in  addition  to  the  uiual  Flower  ai.d  Kiithiu 
Gardening,  the  Management  of  Conifers.  Age  from  501040. 
manied.— Addreif,  wiih  full  particulars,  to  Mr.  UNDER- 
WOOD. Fornham.  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  

ANTED,   a    (JARDENER   (married),   to 
act  under  Advertiser,  to  take  charge  of  Kitchen  Gardens, 
Flower  Garden,  Viner.es,  &c.     Must  be  well  up  in  Tomato,  Sea- 
kale,  and  Mushroom  Growing.     Waees  2rj.  per  week,  house  and 
firing.— Mr.  E.  BENNETT,  The  Viceyard,  Potter's  Bar,  N. 

ANTED  1 M  M  E  D I  ATE  L  Y,~acom  pe  ten  t 

pactical  FOREMAN,  who  lliornugblv  uudersl.iiids 
Ma.ket  G.irdeu  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  acirve, 
iriteiligeiil,  a:d  accu>tomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  rtfciences  itguiied  —Apply  in  the  firat  luslance,  stat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  rnd  full  uarticulars.  to  W  J.  b'., 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants;  isr.  Houndsditch.  E. 

ANTED,    a    GENERAL     FOREMAN, 

age  not  le>s  than  23.  Wages  l,  per  week,  with  coni- 
fonaUe  bjhy.-Mr.  HOVELL,  The  Oaidener,  Ilcidinglon 
Hiil.  Ox(..rd. 


w 


ANTED,     a      MAN,    who     understands 


Furnishing.     On 


•Chr 


WANTED,  a  CLERK,  for  the  Seed  Trade. 
Mut  be  familiar  with  the  Trade,  Write  a  good  Hand, 
be  accustomed  tj  Day-book  Entering,  antl  Quick  at  Figures. — 
Apply  by  letter  only.  Stat  Dg  age,  expirieixe,  and  salary  re- 
quired, to  CLERK,  Hurst  &  Son.  152,  Uouadsduch,  London,  E. 

ANTE D,^an  ASSISTANT,  in  the  Retail 

Seed  Trade  in  a  Provincial  Horse.  Must  thoroughly 
understand  the  business.  One  with  a  good  knowledge  of  Plants 
preferred. — Apply,  stating  age,  experience,  and  wages  required, 
also  enclose  copies  of  testimonials  Irom  last  employers  10 
SEEDSMEN,  Messrs.  Nulling  &  Sons,  106,  Southwaik 
Street,  London,  S.E. 


WANT    PLAGES. 


Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  t/ie  iu>  iters.  ■ 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS    tr  GARDENEKS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  .Messrs.  Carter.- 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holboni,  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
bsg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  see!cing  situations,  and  ihat 
ihey  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wtih 
particulars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


rrO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

i-      MclNtVRB  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and   Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, iias  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  rc-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  p.irliculars  to  ^ny  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Mr.  Garnett,  By- 
stock  Gardens,  Exmouth,  would  have  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending a  thorough  practical  man  as  above. 


/GARDENER    (Head).— Age   33,   married; 

vJ  thoroighly  understands  Vines,  Stoves,  Peaches,  Green- 
house, &c.  ;  has  had  twelve  years'  experience  in  Market 
Gardening  in  alt  the  branches,  and  is  a  good  Salesman.- S.  M., 
31,  Bell  ttone,  Shrewsbury. 

G GARDENER  (HE.\d).— R.  DOE,  Gardener 
y  to  .\.  W.  Savile,  Esq..  wid  be  ple.ased  to  recommend  his 
Foreman  to  any  LaOy  or  Gei.tUman  requiring  the  services  of  a 
thoroughly  indusirious.  energetic,  and  elfiviient  Gardcuer. — 
The  Gardens,  Kuffoid  Abbey,  Ollenon,  Notts. 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR.— Twelve  years'   experience 
in    the   Propagation  of  CUmatis,  Kcses.  Rhododcndions, 
&c.  — W.  BABBAliK,  American  Nursery,  Bagshot. 

JOURNEYMAN.—  Advertiser  wishes 
pl.ice  in  Trade.  Many  year,'  experience  i,.  all  branches 
(home  and  abroad)  and  not  afraid  ot  work.— W.  A.,  Erskine 
Vill..,  Ilur^tpUrpoint. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses,  in  a  good 

.tablisbment.— .Age    22  :  good    characters.     Bothy    pre- 
-F,   'IRUST,   Ihe  Gardens,    Brownsea  Islaid,  Poole, 


J 


JOURNEYMAN,  a  in  Gentleman's  establish- 
in™!,  under  glass.— Age  20  ;  understands  all  kinds  of 
Stove  PlaiitJ.  Orchids,  and  Toniatos.  Bo.hy  pielerred.- G. 
BAKKER,  Freelord  Farm,  Lichfield,  Staffordshire. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment. 
— .Age    19  :     two    and    a   half    years'    good    character.— 
E.  W.  KELF,  4.  Old  Penge  Lane,  Pcnge,  S  E. 

^yO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young    man   (age 

-L      2r)  desires  re  engagement  in  a  Nursery.     Six  and  a   half 


_  _^ J^,c  lu   v-ui    i  ..j..v.^.  Plants,  and  Nursery  Stock. 

Good  Scholar.  Goodreferences.  — D.  I  ,  John  Huggins,  Nursery- 


")odi.    ...    

in,  WcoJhall  Spa,  Ho 


icastle. 


T 


GARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Nobleman  or 
GentUman  requiring  a  iho.ougU  practical  man  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening,  alho  the  Management  and  Ktmoving 
of  large  Conilera  aiid  bhrubs.— Age  42,  niarned,  no  family. — 
E.  JUNK^,  Fotnham  Hall,  liury  St.  Udmuna's- 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  others  are 
kept.  —  Age  33,  niarricd,  no  family  ;  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  Kariy  and  Late  forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and 
Vegeiables.  Orchids,  &c.— i>.  WILKS,  Hubbinds  BoiWonh, 
Kugby,  Leicesieishiie. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  married,  one  boy 
(age  8).— Sir  S.  F.  cin  highly  recommend  his  Garden.r. 
PraciiciJ,  experienced,  active,  and  thoruugtity  trustworthy. 
Leaving  through  breaking  up  of  the  establishment.  Siaie 
wages.— Sir  S.  F.,  Dr.  Leslie.  Alton,  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Head).— A  Gentle^l\n 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Head  Gardener  lo  any  cne 
requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession. Understands  Land  and  Slock  l(  tequued.  Highest 
iclerences.— I'.  HUNTER,  The  Gardens,  Rjck  Mount, 
Anston,  Rolherham, 

GARDENER  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 
li.\lLIFF.-Age  n.  raariied,  no  young  family  ;  ptacti 
cat  in  every  branch.  Many  years' good  characters.  Leaving 
on  own  account.— F.  A.  H1CK.S,  Manager,  Frithsden Gardens. 
Beikhamsted,  Herts. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  26, 
mariied  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches, 
Stove  and  Gieenhjuse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good 
referetices.  Absuiner.— F.  T.  G.j  5,  Dyer's  Lane,  Richmond 
Koad,  Putney,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single  H.\NDKD).— Age  ao,  single  at  present  ;  eleven 
years'  practical  experience  in  all  b.auchcs  ot  Gardening.  Very 
successlul  Chrysanthemum  Grower.  Excellent  testimonials  as 
to  character  and  ability.— E.  M.  R.,  2,  Florence  Terrace,  West 
Green  Road,  Tottenham,  London. 

GARDENER    (good    Single-handed,    or 
otherwise).-Accustomed  to   Inside  and  Outside  Work. 
Good  references.— A.  WILLS,  Gieysloke,  Penrith. 

IPOREMAN,  or  NURSERY  MANAGER.— 
'  First-class  character  from  leading  nurseries  in  Denmark, 
Germany,  England,  America.  Lately  Furcnia.i  leading  London 
Market  Nursery.— SKiiRUP,  HoJde.djn,  Herts. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Wages  i8.s., 
bolhy.  milk,  and  vegetables.— State  full  particulars.— 
W.  CRANE,  The  Gardens,  Balljwalter  Park,  Baliywalter, 
Co.  Down. 

I  FOREMAN,  or  first-class  JOURNEYMAN. 
.      —Age  22  ;  well  up  in  Fruit  Department  (loside  and  Out). 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWEP.  —  Eighteen  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  Plants  for  Market  in  general.  Highest  relerences  as  to 
ability,  &c— seven  years' from  last  situation.-R.  W.,  2,  Spencer 
Villas,  F'lnchley  Park,  London,  N. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN;  married.— Wanted 
by  a  young  man  a  situation  as  above.  Well  up  in  all 
branches  Sixteen  years  iu  the  lr.ade.-F.  F.,  St.  John's  Hill, 
Walerford. 


O    NURSERYMEN    and    FLORISTS.— 

Wanted  by  an  active  young  man  (age  21).  a  situation  in 
a  good  Nursiry.  Quick  at  Potting.  Watering.  &c.  Well  up  in 
Making  Wienihs,  Crosses,  Louquets,  Ladies'  Sprays,  &c.  ;  and 
a  good  knowledje  of  Book-keepioff.  Good  character.  Moderate, 
salary.— EUCH.\K1S,  Gurdeneri ChromdcQfazt:.  41,  Welling- 
ton Slrem,  Strand,  W.C.  

rjiO~~GENTLEt.rEN'S    GARDENERS.— A 

-L  Gardener  wishes  to  place  hi.  Son  (age  1754)  in  a  good 
Garden.  Four  year,"  experience.  A  P.era.um  tffcied.  Bothy 
prelerred  — E.  HUNT,  Linden  Garden.  Leathe.head,  Surrey. 

'ipo     GARDENERS,    &C.—K    young     man 

J-  (age  19!.  intelligent,  handy,  u<ed  t  i  House  and  Garden 
Work,  under  a  first-cla.s  G.rrdener.  war.ts  a  situ.itron —Apply 
for  relerence  to  Rev.  R.  BIGG  Wl  I'HER,  Wotllug  Rectory, 
Ba.iDg,ioke    

HOPMAN     (He.ad),     or    manager.  — 

Twentysix  years'  experience  in  first-class  Hcuses. 
Accustomed  to  a  Lr.sk  Counter  'Trade.  Familiar  with  every 
detail  ot  business  routine.  Efficient  Correspondent,  conver.-anl 
with  Plants  Can  be  well  rec.^inrnended  by  former  employers. 
—J.  GEORGE,  I,  Loridan  Road.  Veovil. 

SHOPMAN. — Fourteen  years'  experience  in 
Wholesale  and    Retail  Trade.      Fust-class  lefeieuces.— 
S.  A..  Hur>t  &  So.r,  I5r.  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

QHOPMAN.— Age  27  ;    good   Icnowledge    of 

O  the  Trade  'in  all  its  branches.  Understands  E.irk  ktep- 
i..L'.  First-ciass  re'erences  —  T.  S..  Garacnet!.'  Ck-oiucle 
Office.  4t.  We  linglo.i  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  26  ;  ten 
ye.rs"exjerier;Ci.     Piovincial  House  preleired.-L.    F. 
13,  Albert  Road.  Plymouth. 

SH  O PMAN,  orASSISTANT.— Eleven  years' 
experience.  Thoroughly  up  in  all  departments  of  ih; 
Trade,  Field  and  Garden  Seeds.  Bulbs,  Implements.  &c.  Fair 
knowledge  of  Planls.-A.  B.,  121,  Holland  Street,  Gla^gow. 

To  Florists  and  Seedsmen. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  24; 
excellent  knowledge  of  Bouquet,  Wreath,  and  Cut  Bl.jom 
Work  :  also  Seeds  and  Bulbs.  Good  Salesman  ;  first-class 
relerences.  Abstainer. -C.  TAYLOK,  Salvingtoii  Nursery, 
Wortho.g,  Su5S-.N.  

Seed  Trade. 
A  SSISTANT.— Five  years'  good  e.xperience. 

t\-     Highest   references,— W.     BRUCE,    Nursery    Cottage, 
Green  Lane,  Old  Swan,  Liverpool. 


TO  THE  SiiED  TRADE.— A  young  man 
(ige  23)  reqilUes  a  situation  in  the  Setd  Tiade.  Four 
years'  experience  in  li.it-class  firms.  Has  been  twelve  months 
in  England,  at  Jahn  Lairig  &  Co  's.  with  whom  he  is  at  pre.^ent. 
Good  refeiences.-E.  RO.VIAIN,  9,  Lo*er  Winchester  Road, 
Catford,  London.  S^^ 

ASSISTANT,  in  a  Public  or  Private  Garden, 
or  Nursery.-.\ie  22  :  good  hand  at  Wreaths  and 
Crosses,  Decorations,  &.:.  K-iows  Plants  well.  Good  Sales- 
man, with  a  knowledge  of  Bulbs  and  Seeds.  Would  not  object 
to  a  little  Book-keeping.  Small  wages  at  6rst.— Addre  s  in  hrst 
instance  t3  S.,  Gardener.'  C/irankle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C.  

rro  THE  SEED  TRADE.— A  youth  (age  19), 

-I-  with  two  years'  experience,  requires  sittiatioii  in  bhop  or 
Warehouse.  Firat-cUss  references.  Wages  20s.  per  weel. . - 
SEEDS,  69,  Me-s  s.  DeacM,  154,  Leacc.ifcall  Slieet,  EC 

HOLLOWAWS  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
-0:d  Wound-,  Sores  and  Ulcers.-Daily  experience 
confirms  the  fact  which  has  triumj.hed  over  ad  opposition  for 
inrre  than  forty  years,  vi^.,  that  no  means  are  known  equal  to 
HoUoway's  remedies  for  curing  bad  leis,  bad  breasts,  sores, 
wounds,  diseases  of  the  skin,  erysipelas,  abscesses,  burns,  scalds, 
and.  in  truth,  all  maladies  where  the  skin  is  broken.  'I'o  cu  e 
Iheie  uifirmiiies  quickly  is  of  primary  iinpoitance.  as  compulsory 
conftuement  indoors  weakens  the  general  health.  The  ready 
means  of  cure  are  found  in  H(.llu*ay's  Ointment  and  Pills, 
which  heal  the  sores  and  expel  their  cau  e  In  the  very  wo  sc 
cases  Ihe  Ointment  has  succeeded  in  effecting  a  perfect  cure 
after  every  other  means  hnd  failed  in  giving  adequate  lelief. 

Freedom  from  Cougli,  and  a  Comforta'ole  Nlglit's 


Re 


<o  Si. 


DR.  LOCOCK'S    PULMONIC   WAFERS. 
—Mr.  John  Pb/vbson,  67.  Yo  k  Street.  Wclverhampttn, 
writes  ;-"I  had  no  sleep  for  five  weeks  till  I  tried  Dr.  Locock 
Wafers,  and  1  have  had  such  rel  ef  to  the  cough  ihat  1  cc 
not  have  believed."    Asthma,  Consumption,  Colds.  Bronch 
Rheumatism  and  all  Nervous  Complaints  ate  instantly  relie 
and    rapidly    cuied    by    Dr.    Locock's    Wafers,    which    ti 
pleasantly.     Of  all  Druggists,  at  11.  i]id.  and  2j.  9J.  per  B. 


uld 


8oo 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ig,  1885. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,  SLEAFORD. 

SHAEPE'S    SIR    F.    A.    MILBANK    PEA. 


This,  the  latest  of  Mr.  Culverweh's  many  excellent  lotroductioas,  is  a  Blue  Wrmklei  M 
dark  grass  green  colour,  and  even  more  prohfic  than  ihit  celebrated  variety;    the  pods 
so  closely  packed  that  it  would  appear  when  opened  as  if  the  pods  could  scarcely  h; 
respect  it  is  a  variet\t  that  we  can  wiih  the  greatest  CJnficfence  Kcommend,  either  for  exhibi 

C.rden  purposes  it  cannot  fail  lo  prcve  a  g.eat  .cquisiiion.        p^._^,^  ^^_  ^^^  (luarter  Pint  Sealed  fiadet,  i>ost-p cc. 


ow  much  of  the  Paragon  type  in  hibit  and  growth,  but  earlier,  and  differing  in  biing  of  a  beautiful 
re  produced  in  abundance,  are  hrge,  square,  and  closely  filled  wiih  the  extra  large  daik  gieen  Peas, 
d  them.  The  flavour  is  all  ihit  cjuld  be  desired  by  the  most  fastidious  connoisseur,  and  in  every 
n  or  table  purpases.     It  is  robust  and  hardy  in  caaslitutioa,  and  may  be  sown  early  ;   for  Market 


SHARPE'S       TRIUMPH       PEA. 


Triumph  i 


Qe  of  the  very  bebt  of  the  many   fine   varieties    Mr.  Culverwell   h;.^  ^iveii  lo  th;  public       It  U  a  B  iie  Wrinkled  Marrow  Pea  of  exiuisite  flavour  ;  the  pods  are  large,  very  much 
id  are  well  filled  with  large   Peas  clostly  packed  in  the  pod.     The  habit  is  good,  bi:ing  dense  and  bushy,  attaining  a  height  of  2  to  3  feel.     The  plant  is  cjvered  with  pods  from  the 
the  extreme  top  of  the  haulm.     On  one  plant  no  less  than  sixty-nine  pods  have  been  counted,  containing  from  nine  to  eleven  Peas  in  a  p^d.    The  pods  are  of  a  bright  green,  in 
two  or  three  ;  and  are  not  easily  affected  by  drought,  remaining  green  for  a  long  time.  In  coastitution  it  ii  robust  and  hardy  ;   and,  without  hesitation,  we  can  say  that  it  is  the  perfection  o( 
Peas  for  either  the  Maik«t  Gardener  or  the  Private  Grower- for  exhibition,  or  for  ordinary  use. 


ground 


Pricey  zs.  per  Half-pmt  sealed  packet,^  post-free. 


SHARPE'S     EARLY     PARAGON     PEA. 


FIRST-CLASS    CERTIFICATE.    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY,    1884. 
Chisviick  Report,  iSSf,  accompanied  with  First-class  Certificate  :— "PARAGON— A  very  fins  Second  Early  Vaiieiy,  and  of  good  q  laliiy.     Pods  la'ge,  and  well  filled." 

Price^  zs.  per  Pint  Packet^  is.  per  Half-pint  Packet^  post-Jree* 

PARAGON^t  one  of  Mr.  CuIverweU'i  recent  inlroduciims,  sh-iws  in  many  respects  a  great  improvement  upoa  any  variety  at  present  in  the  trade.  It  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  of  fine 
fl  ivour ;  height  from  4105  feet.  The  pods  are  produced  two  and  three  together  in  such  abundance  as  to  almost  conceal  the  folisg*.  They  are  of  an  unusual  tize,  broad  and  thick-backed,  containing 
from  twelve  to  fourteen  large  Peas. 

PARAGOM  is  the  eailiest  of  the  large  Wrinkled  Marrows,  being  ready  .'efore  Priz:laker  ;  in  fact  in  the  Gardens  a;  Tnorpe  Perrow  it  was  gathered  at  the  same  time  as  William  the  First ;  it  is 
very  hardy,  and  will  stand  earlier  sowing  than  any  Pea  ot  its  c'asi.  It  is  most  valuable  for  succession  crops  as  it  is  not  liable  to  mildew,  and  a  constant  supply  of  Peas  for  four  months  can  be 
obtained  from  this  one  variety. 


TRADE   PRICE  and  SPECIAL   LIST  of  NOVELTIES  for  1885  and  1886, 


POST-FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,  SLEAFORD. 


EdUorial  Communica 

Printed  by  William 

he  £aid  W;lliam  Richa 


5  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Edit 
:hakds,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  B 
.  at  the  Omte,  41,  Wellington  Stree 
jent  for  Manchester— John  Hevwo 


r ;"  Advert 

ADIlUIiV,    ACN 

Parish  of  St.  Pauls,  Covent  Card 
'D.  A£, 


and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Oflice,  .11,  Wellington  Street,  Covont  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precmct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatlistetj  I84i. 


No.  626.— Vol.  XXIV.Jsbr'I}    SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  26,  1885. 


(Registered  at  the  General  1      Price  6d 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  |-p„_  „   __      'ij 
WITH       SUPPLEMENT.    )  rOST-FHEE,   5ja. 


CONTENTS. 

Apian*,  tne  . .  . .      Sir     Nerine,  a  synopsis  oT  the 

Assistant  Directorship   at                          species,  hybrids  of  Sio 

Kew        813          ,     Meadowbtrkii      ..  8i6 

Books:—  I  Nffrth  of  Scotland  Horti- 

Golden  Gate  and  Silver            I      cultural  Association    ..  £i3 
Steps,   \viih    Bits    of              Obituary;  — 

Tinsel  Round  About     815  I       Harrison,  E.  K.           . .  SiS 

lndigt;nous  Flowers  of            \       Proiheroe,  Alexander  ,  818 
the  Hawaiian  Islands     814     Orchid   note,  and  glean- 

T  ive  Stock  Journal     ..      815         iocs         818 

rirchids,      the      Royal              Parameria  Balsam          ..  813 

Family  of  Plants     ..      814  I  Plants  and  their  culture  .  811 

Praise  of  Gardens,  the     815  j  Poinseltias,  bracts  falling 

Vegetable  Garden,  the    814        from        816 

Cirrhopetalum     Wallic-.ii     813     Portsmouth    Chrysanthe- 

Cncoa-nui  fibre    ..          ..     808        mum  Society    ..          ..  813 

Crinum  augustum           ..      813  '  Poatos,  large  seed          ..  817 
Daffodil  nites      ..          ..     817     Rhododendrons    for  fo  c- 

Flo-ists"  flowers    ..          ..     811         ing           S15 

Fruit  trees,  unseasonable            |  Shrubberies,  neglect  of..  810 

flowering  of      . ,         . .      817    Stephanotis  fruit . .          • .  S16 

Haemanthus  Baurli         ..     813  j  Taxed  :■.  untaxed  trading  8t6 
Heriiiera  macrophylla   ..     815  '  Tea  shrub    in   Scotland, 

Holies        815        the           812 

JInr^ley 807 '  Tenerifle,    cultlv.-ition    of 

lewish  flower  gardens  ..      S08  |      useful  plants  in            ..  S19 

Kitchen  c-ifden,  the             811    Tree>  and  shrubs            ..  S15 

"Liiidenii"         ..          ..      808  1  Vegetable  glass-paper    ..  8i3 

Loquat,  (he           ..          ..     812    Wroxton  Abbey  ..          ..  814 

Lutidia  gratissina          ..     813'  XaiithosDDia  robustutn  ..  E13 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Cocoi-nut  Fibre  Wo'ks 8^,3 

Hu^^ley  Vicarage            816 

Stephanotis  Fruit            817 

Wrnxinn  Abb  v.      ("ee  Supplementary  Sheet.) 


SPECIAL     NOTICE. 

'THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 
^  for  Saturday  next,  JANUARY  2,  i8S6, 
7vill  contain  a  beautifully  COLOURED 
ALMANAC (\ S  ^j'  1 3  inches),  from  an  Original 
Design. 

Price  Sii.;  Post-free,  '^\d.;  or  ivil/i  Almanac 
mounted  on  Oak  Rollers,  ready  to  be  hung-  up, 
and  enclosed  in  Case,  yd. ;  Post  free,  Sid. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to 
order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case,  to  prevent  injury 
from  folding.  The  Publisher  cannot  be  re- 
sponsible for  injury  to  the  Aimtnac  unless  it  is 
so  proleded. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

As  a  large  E.\'tra  Sale  of  this  Number  is 
guaranteed,  it  luill  be  a  very  valuable  7ncdium 
for  Advertisements.  Applications  for  space 
should  be  sent  in  as  early  as  possible. 

IV.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,   U'.C. 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, a7td  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 

SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
Y'lIE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

{particularly  in  Scotland  and  Ireland) 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining  their 
Copies  regularly,  are  requested  to  communi- 
cate Tfith  the  Publisher, 

IV.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  li'.C. 


SHEPPERTON  and  THAMES    VALLEY 
HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 
EXHIBITION      of     ROSES     and     other     FLOWERS. 
FOLrAGE    PLANTS.     ORCHIDS,     FRUIT'  and    VEGE- 
TABLES.    Special  Classes  open  to  all  England. 

The  THIRD  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  this  Society  «  ill  be  held 
on  THURSDAY,  July  t.  1886  Further  particulars.  Schedule 
of  Piizes,  and  Entrance  Forms,  to  be  obtained  from 


Halliford,  Waltoi 


iTha 


E.  RUTTER,  Esq. 


TMANTOPHYLLUM     (Clivia)     M  I  N  I- 

X    ATUM   GRAN  01  FLORA,     fresh    Seed     (germination 

guaranteed).    12  seeds.  31,  6^.  ;  50  seeds,  loi.  ;  loa  leeds,  i6r. 

ED.  PYNAERT,  Ghent,  Belgium, 


To  the  Trade 

CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.'S  Wholesale 
Seed  LIST  is  no*  ready,    and    will  be  foiwarded  post- 
free  on  aoplicalinn. 
CHARLES  SHARPF.  and  CO.,  Sfed  Merchants,  SUaford. 


The  Pear  Congress. 

PAUL  AND   SON    have    Fruiting    Espalier 
Trees  of  most  of  the  6ne't  sorts  shjwn.  aid  of  many  of 
the  best  Novelties.     See  th..  Tree;. 

The  "Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N. 


PEARL     TUBEROSES.  —  Mr.    Willi.am 
Bill  can  r.(rcr  cool  Bulbs  by  the  hundred  or  thousand. 
Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL.  Establishment  for  Ne*  and  Rare 
Plants,  536.  Kins's  Road,  Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 


Roses— Roses -Roses. 

WOOD  AND  INGRAM  being  large  Growers 
of  the   above,   bes  to  offer  the  leading    Hybrid    Per- 
petual varieties,  at  the  following  reduced  prices  for  cash  with 
order.     Pacltaee  free.     Standards,  121,  per  dozen,  oof.  per  ico  : 
Dnrarfs  (on  Manetti),  6r.  per  doz.;n.  35,1.  per  roo. 
The  Nurseries,  Huntingdon. 


R 


OSES— (Dwarf  Gloire  de  Dijon),  exception- 

Uy  fine  stuff,  and   common  Moss  Rose.      Prices    on 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  25a. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  c^tiiains  a  nmst  interestine  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiTul  and  Hardy  Plants  forihe  Birder  or  Rock- 
worV,  which  produce  fliwers  and  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.  Xew  LIST  of  six»v-four  pages  *ree. 
RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


Merchants,  Worceste 


T 


ELEGRAMS.— "PAUL,   CHESHUNT," 

is  Reaistered  bv  and  suffices  for 

PAUL  AND  SON,  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 

The  great  all-round  Hardy  Plant  Nursery. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— Good, plump,  sound 
Bulbs,  6r  ,  95.,  i2r.,  i8r.,  and  241.  per  dozen;  extra 
strong,  3or,  and  42i.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'.^  Es'abllsbmert  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  5j6,  King's  Road.  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


CedruB  Deodara. 

HLANE  AND  SON  have  the  finest  Stock 
•  in  the  country — fine,  well-grown  Trees,  with  good 
roots,  from  3  to  12  fett  and  upwards,  to  ofTer  cheap.  CATA- 
LOGUE free. 

The  Nurseiies,  BeikhamsteJ,  Herts. 

OR  SALE,  SEAKALE,largeForcingRoots ; 

ditto,  plantable.      For  prices.  &c..  apply  to 
E.  WILSON  SfcRPKLI..  Nurseryman.  Plymouth, 


F 


G 


RAPE    VINES.— Planting    and     Fruiting 

Canes   leading  sores    Also  STRAWBERRIES  in  60-pots. 
F.  R,  KINGHORN,  Nurseryman,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


Seed  Potatos. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  will  be  pleased  to 
•  make  Special  Offes  cf  their  choice  selected  stocks  of 
SEED  POTATOS,  comprising  all  the  best  kinds  in  cultivation. 
Purchasers  of  a  quantity  treated  liberally. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

To  Experienced  Osier  Bed  Contractors. 
O      PLANT      THIRTY     ACRES 

on  Wonersh  Park  Estate, 
r.  J.  SUDBURY,  Wonersh  Park,  Guildford. 

M.     PERRY,    Jan.,    Smithfield    Market^ 

Manchssler,  is  prepared  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  GRAPES,  TO.MATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  CUT 
FLOWERS,  &c.  Account  Sales  and  Cash  sent  upon  day  of 
Sale.     Bankers'  and  Trade  references. 


T 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  t;2,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C.  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
M  ENTS  of  choice  CU  V  FLOWERS  in  any  quantiiy.  A.  Hill 
having  had  a  large  personal  experience  as  Salesman  in  Covent 
Garden  Flower  Market  for  many  years,  is  thus  enabled  to 
obtain  the  Highest  Market  Prices.  Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
Bankers' and  good  Trade  references.  All  Consignments  to  be 
addressed  as  above.      Boxes,  Baskets,  and  Labels  supplied. 

SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
North  Row,  CoventGarden,  London.W.C.  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  tor  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

a  0  u  E  re  H      AND      baITn  H  A  m", 

^-^     giving  personal  attention    to   all  consienments,  they  are 
abled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


Ih    

SQ  U  E  L  C  H         AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M. 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daUy,  and 
CHEQUES  for«aided  weekly 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABtLS  supplied. 

WANTED,     GREENHOUSE^HobO- 
DENDRONS— large  plants.     State  size  and  price  to 
E.  COOLING,  Mile  A;h  Nursery,  Derby. 


Now  Ready, 

THE  GARDEN  ANNUAL  for  1885. 
Contains  a  Complete  List  of  over  7  oo  Country  Seats, 
Occupiers,  and  Gardeners  in  the  United  Kingdom  ;  a  number 
of  N  eA'  Names  have  been  added  to  the  Gardeners'  List  during 
the  past  season.  There  is  also  the  best  Trade  List  published, 
corrected  to  date.     Price  rr.,  by  post  is.  yi. 

Of  all   Nurserymen,    R-»oksellers,  and  at   37,   Southampton 
Street.  Strand,  London,  W.C.  

Quicks— Whitethorn-Quicks. 
OOD  AND  INGR.AM   have  an  extensive 

lock  of  the  above,  2-yr.  transplanted,  which  they  beg 
t  i6r.  per  icoo      Sample  on  application. 
The  Nurseries  Huminadon.  N.B.  Cash  or  reference. 


w 

toofTt 


ROSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSE  S.— 
53  Choice  Perpetuals  for  2ir.  ;  purchaser's  selection  from 
403  best  varieties.       List  of  names  on  application.     24  Choice 
Standards  or  Half-standards.  21s  ;  purchaser's  selection. 
Cashw.,hoi.lir 
James  Walters.  Rose  Grower,  Mount  Radford,  Exeter. 


The  Grand  New  Regal  Pelirffonlum, 

LEWIS'    DUCHESS   of  ALBANY.— Good 
Plants  from  6o*s,  iS.  G/.  each,  three  Plants  for  4t.  :  large 
Plants  from  s-inch  pots,  2r.  dd.  each,  three  plants  for  6..  dd.      A 
further  reduction  for  largerquantities.  Packingand  carriage  free. 
J.  LEWIS  AND  SON,  Newtown  Nurseries.  Malvern. 


LARCH,  i-yr.  i-yr.,  5^.  dd.  ;  i  to  ij  foot,  loj-. 
6d.  ',  i^  to  2  feet,  i6r.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  20f.  :  3  to  4  feet,  25r.  ; 
4  to  5  feet.  32J.   dd.  per   1003.     Nelt    cash.     Ground  wanted. 
Trade  prices  on  apnlication.     Apply  at  once. 
The  Nurseries,  Flinybylher. 

ILIUM  AURATUM  (Large  Home-grown). 

Very  Grand  Bulbs,  15J,,  24^.,  ano  361,  per  dozen. 
Extra  Varieties,  is.  f-d..  3!.  6d.,  and  ^..  each. 
Rrire  Indian  LILI ES,  WALLICHIANUM,  NEILGHER- 
RENSE,  and  the   rare   POLYPHVLLUM.      LILIES    and 
BULBS  of  all  kinds. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

To  the  Trade. 

NUTTING  AND  SONS'  Wholesale 
CATALOGUE  of  Garden  ard  Flowtr  Seeds,  contain- 
ing Lists  of  Novelties  for  18S  i,  has  been  Posted  to  all  their 
Customers.  If  not  duly  received,  please  inform  them,  and 
another  shall  be  sent.  106,  Southwatk  Street,  London,  S.E. 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address— "  NUTTING,  LONDON. 

O'     FFErT  of    DAHLIA    TUBERS    is    now 
ready,  and  may  be  had  upon  apnlication  to 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Tarm  Nurseiies,   Tottenham, 


SNOWDROP  BULBS.— Double   or   Single. 
Special  low  offer  on  applic 


WHOLESALE  SEED  CATALOGUE.— 
Our  Catalogue  of  Garden  and  Flower  Seeds,  Novelties, 
and  Bulbs  for  Spring  PIdnting,  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
on  application.  All  our  Customers  should  have  already  received 
one  by  post,  and  they  will  oblige  by  aovising  us  if  not  to  hand. 
The  above  also  includes  List  of  a  f^w  choice  Lilies  just  to 
hand  from  Japin— L.  auraium,  L.  longiflorum,  L.  Hansom,  &C. 
WATKlNS  AND  SIMPSO.V,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

E^TgHTY  TH0USAND"~CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i2r.  to  24^.  p^r  dozen,  sUong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  Flints  may  now  be  knocked 
out  of  pots  and  sent  by  parcel  post,— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  aud  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

RANCIS  R.  KINGHORN  begs  to  ofter,  in 

splendid  stufTand  at  low  prices,  the  following  :-PLANES, 
I  r  to  12  feet,  straight  stems  and  good  heads:  Caucasian  and 
Round-leaf  LAURELS,  5  to  4  feet,  bu.hy  :  Ov.al-leal  PRIVET, 
4  to  s  feet,  bushy  ;  Irish  IVY,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet,  many  shoots  : 
SWtET  BRIER,  in  pots,  3  to  4  lest:  Double  GORSE,  in 
pots,  2  feet,  bushy  ;  BERBERIS  DARWINII,  in  pots,  2  to  3 
feel,  bushy;- LI  LACS,  5  to  6  feet  ;  RISES.  4  feet. 
Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

B^    ULBS,       AFRICAN       and       NATIVE 
PLANTS    of   NATAL.— A    large   variety,   comprising 
Crinums,  Imantophyllums,  Harmanthus,  Native  Orchids,  Mont- 
bretia,  Hypoxis.  Be?onia  Geranoides,  Dietes  Huttoni,  Gerberea 
Agapanlhus,  &c.     Zamias  and  Tree  Ferns. 
Prices  on  application. 
JAMES        ENGLISH, 
The  Cedars'  Nurseries.   Pietetmaritzburg,  Natal. 

The  Be&t,  the  Cheapest, 

TRAINED  FRUIT  TREES. 
—  Fine  and  well-rooted.  2  PEACHES,  2  APPLES, 
r  NECTARINE,  i  PLUM  :  named,  packed,  and  carriage  paid 
for  iSr.  6d.  ;  hall  for  los.  :  cash. 

WILL  TAYLER, 
Osboro  Nursery.  Hampton.  Middlesex. 

DINBURGH  APPLE  CONFERENCE.— 

Admirers  of  our  splendid  collection  of  Fruit  at  the  ab(5ve 
show  are  reminded  that  Trees  in  ail  forms  can  be  supplied 
direct,  or  through  the  Edinburgh  Nurserymen. 

GEORGE    BUNYARD    and    CO.,    The    Old    Nurseries, 
Maidstone. 


8o2 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885. 


SEED     POTATOS.  —  Selecled,     carefully 
grown  for  Seed  purposes.     All  the  leading  sorts.     Prices 
on  application. 

LITTLE  AND  BALLANTVNE,  Carlisle. 

LAIN(;  AND  CO/S  BEGONIA  "^SEED.— 
Gold  Medal  Strain  from  Prize  Plants.  All  warranted. 
New  Crop,  Sealed  packets.  Choice  mixed,  from  single 
varieties,  u.  and  2s.  id  per  packet ;  51.  and  loi.  extra  large 
packets  ;  from  double  varieties.  2.r,  bd.  and  5J.  per  packet. 
Collections— r  2  named  vaiieties,  separate,  js.  6d.  ;  6  earned 
varietie5,  separate,  4''. 

Seedsmen  and  Florists,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Wednesday  Next  -(Sale  No.  70S0  ) 

ROSE.S,  FRUIT  TREES,  BORDER  PLANTS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  M  his  Great  Room':.  38.  King  Street. 
Covent  Gatdtn.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXf,  Dec  io, 
at  hail-pa^t  12  o'clock  prec'^elv,  several  hundrel  first-tliss 
Standard  and  D*arr  ROSES,  tu  name  :  Pyramid  and  D^aif- 
irained  FRUIT  TREES,  of  sons;  BORDER  PLANTS,  in 
vari.tv:  and  a  quantity  of  LILIUMS.  GLADIOLI,  and  other 
DUTCH  BULBS  for  present  planting,  ,<lc. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7051.) 
30  very  fine  plants  of  CATTLEYA   VELUTINA;     100  ON- 
CIDIUM     PR.E  lEXTUM  ;      70    MILTONIA    REG- 
NELLI;    and   12    ZVGOPETALLUM    MAXILLARE. 
AH  strong  plants. 

MR.  J,  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
io  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
December  3t. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


TbuTsday  Next— (Sale  705 1.) 
VALUABLE  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  ,«  his  Great  Rooms,  3S,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W,C„  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  December3i, 
at  hall-past  rj  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F,  Sander, 
a  fine  imponalation  of  CATTLEYA  WARNERI,  ONCI- 
DIUM  MARSHALLIANU.M,  SOPHRONITES  GRAN- 
DIFLORA,  CATTLEYA  GAsKELLIANA,  ONCIDIUM 
WENTWORTHIANUM.  ODDNTOGLOSSUM  GRANDE, 
and  many  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7051). 

5000  splendid  Kults  of  I  ILIU.M  AURATUM.  just  received 

from  Japan,  in  the  finest  jossible  condition. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVEN.S  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Grsat  Room--.  35, 
King  Street,  Cjvent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
December  31. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Calalugues  had. 

Friday  Next.  January  1,  1886. 
ODONTOGLO.SSU  M         K  A  R  \V  I  N  S  K  Y. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  in-micled  bv  Mr.  F,  Sander  tj  SF.LL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  ihe.r  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.r.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  January  t,  1886.  at  half-past  12 
o  Clock  precisely,  a  fine  importition  of  OD  iNTOGLOSSUM 
(Kar.msky),  the  flowers  of  which  will  be  shown  ;  LYCASTE 
CRUENTA,  the  beautiful  aid  very  rare  ARPOPHYLLUM 
M.EDIUaM,  two  new  SCHOM BURG KIAS.  ?.s  well  as  »ome 
Meatican  and  Central  American  ORCHI  DS  ;  a'sj  a  quantity  of 
established  and  semi-established  ORCH  I  DS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wood  Green  N.— clearance  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
ate  instructed  by  Mr.  I,  W.  Hurst  10  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Ihe  Nu'sery,  Lordship  Land, 
Wood  f.reen,  N.,  on  TUESDAY,  January  5.  iSSfi  (unless  the 
whole  are  sold  previously  in  one  lot  by  private  contracti, 
Twelve  GREENHOUSES,  thousands  ol  leet  of  HOT- 
WATER  PiPlNG    principally  4-inch  ;    BOILERS,    PITS, 


ling  stoch  of  FERNS,  and  other  Effects. 

May  be  viewed.     Catalogues  mav  be  had  on  the 

nad  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C 


iPren 


WANTED,   within   a   short   distarace    of 
London,  about  a  Couple  o'  Acres  of  eood  GROUND, 
w  th   go,-d  sized  House  and  Garden;   also   Stab'ei  attache!, 
bay  di-trict  and  lowest  price  to 
M.  G.  S  ,  Wi-e  &  Kidcs.  Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C 

To  Landed  Proprletora.  &o. 
A       McINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 

■C\.m     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 

PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and   PARK  GROUNDS 

and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 

trs.  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  breest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
CAMKLLIAS,  ROSES,  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  S:c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  Lond  .n  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878. 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  and  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Special  Offer. 

WB.  ROWE  AND  CO.  (Limited),  Bar- 
•  bourne  Nurseries,  Worcester,  beg  to  call  attention  to 
intending  Purchasers  of  the  following  splendid  Specimen 
CONIFERS.  SHRUBS,  &c.,  specially  soiled  for  Avenues, 
Groups  in  Paiks,  and  other  places  where  an  immediate  efi'ect 
is  desired.  All  have  been  recently  transplanted,  are  well- 
rooted,  and  will  not  fail  to  give  satisfaction.  An  inspection 
invited.  Prices,  which  are  very  moderate,  may  be  b.ad  011 
application  :  - 

ABIES  DOUr,LASlI,gand  to  feel,  12  and  u  feet 
BIOTA  AUREA.  5  and  6  feet. 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA,  10  and  n  feet,  14  and  15  feet,  iS 

„    DEODARA  q  and  :o  feet,  12  and  is  feet,  rs  and  iS  feet. 
CUPRESSUS  L.\WSONlANA.  10 and  12  feet,  12  and  isfeet, 

15  and  i3  feet. 
LAUREL,  Portugal,  4  and  5  feet,  5  and  6  feet. 

.,     ,.     Standards,  very  fine. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  4  and  5  feet 
RETINOSPORA  PISIFERA,  o  and  10  eet 
THUIA  LOBBII.  15  feet. 
WELLINGTONIA  GIGANTEA,  S  and  ,0  (eel,  lo  and   12 

feet,  12  and  15  feel. 
YEW,  English,  2'A  and  4  fee',  a  lo  4K  feet 
BEECH,  Cut.lea.ed,  handsome  Pyramids  ' 

„     Fern-leaved,  6  to  8  feet. 
ELM,  Chichester,  10  and  12  feel,  15  and  18  feel 
^•i  Dt-l™?!"^^""-  ■^^'"Pit'E.  o-'eet  stems,  fine  hiads. 
MAPLE.  Norway,  12  and  iS  feet 
POPLARS,  of  sorts,  12  to  20  feet' 
SYCAMORE,  iS  and  20  feet.       ' 


L ILIUM  GIGANTEUM.— Splendid  Flower- 
ing  Bulbs,  12  to  16  inches  m  circumference.  31.  6d.  and 
ss.  each;  smaller,  2s  6d.  each;  L.  LANCIFOLIU  MS.  6s. 
per  dozen;  L.  LONGIFOLIUM,  6r.  per  dozen;  L.  HAR- 
RISII,  125.  to  iSi.  per  dozen. 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  I  and  2.  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 


Tbe  New  Raspberry. 

LORD        BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest    Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificate.  Rf^yal  Horticultural  Society,  1S83. 
Strong  Canes.  X,i  per  ico  ;  91.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trade,  5  per  cent,    discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.    KAULKNOR.  Inkpen,  Hungerford. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS.— Seedlings  from  best 
varieties  of  Scarlet,  Yellow.  Rose,  and  Orange  colours, 
each  colour  kept  separate.  Nice  bushy  plants  with  five  to  eight 
buds,  6s.  per.  dozen,  35J.  per  100  ;  larger  bushes,  with  ten  to 
fifteen  buds,  ot.  per  dozen,  55J.  per  ico,  C^i  per  1000. 

L ILIUM   AURATLM   (home-grown),   from 
seed  of  our  own  saving,  good  flowering  bulbs,  gj.  to  us. 
per  dozen. 

CATALOGUE  of  Novelties  and  general  Nursery  Stock  on 
application. 

ISAAC     DAVIES    AND    SON,     Nurserymen.     Orm^kirk, 
Lancashire. 


LILIES       FROM       JAPAN. 
LILIUM  LONGIFLORUM  (grand  variety). 
,,    AURATUM. 
„     HANSONII. 
„     LEICHTLINII. 
„     ELEGANS.  rich  apricot. 
„    THUNBERGIANUM. 
„    „    ATROSANGUINEUM. 
,,     ,,    semi-double,  second  row  of  petals  white. 
.,     ..     light  orange. 

„     SPECIOSUM  RUBRUM,deep  red,  white  margin. 
„     .,    ALBUM,  yellow  si.-imens. 
Oar  L.  LONGIFLORUM,  from  same  source,  la.st  year  con- 
lamed  a  large  percentage  of  Eximium  Wilsooii. 

The  above  fine  varieties  have  just  arrived  from  Japan.  For 
piicessee  our  Wholesale  feed  CATALOGUE,  to  be  hid  on 
app  ication.     Special  quotaiions  for  quantities. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSO.V,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
Ejetcr  Sireet,  Slran^.  W.C 

LILIUM  AURATUM,  Special  consignment. 
Splendid  sound  firm  Bulbs  6r..  or..  I2J  ,  and  i8i  per 
dozen,  45J.  10  tcos.  per  100;  Double  TUhEROSES,  extra  fine, 
ror.  and  t2j.  td.  per  too:  Giint  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
Imported  Crowns,  5.'.  (ni.  and  6r.  *:ii  per  roj  ;  ditto,  immense 
Clumps,  lar.and  15s.  perdoz  :  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  v.  and 
,s.  per  dozen;  GLADIOLUS  BRENCH  LEYENSIS,  M  per 
dozen,  4s.  bd.  per  100:  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  Engliih 
grown,  irom  i8t.  to  42;.  per  dozen.  Ail  other  Plants  and  Roots 
equally  cheap. 

MORLE  AND  CO  ,  I  and  »,  Fenchurch  Street,  EC. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Five  Hundred 
varielies,  including  the  best  ot  the  Exhibition.  Decora- 
tive, Early  Flowering,  and  Single  Varieties.  Strong  Cuttings 
now  ready,  buyer's  selection,  ir.  6ii.  per  doren,  lor.  per  ico; 
Plants,  zs.  fyd.  per  dozen,  ids  per  too  ;  now  ready.  Many  of  the 
best  growers  in  the  country  are  supplied  from  this  collection. 
For  the  grand  new  sort=,  see  CATALOGUE,  one  stamp. 
WM.  ETHERINGTON.  Manor  House,  Swanscon.be,  Kent. 


To  tlie  Trade. 
HOMF.. GROWN  VEGETABLE  AND  FIELD  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARI'ES  Wliolesale  CATA- 
•  LOGUE  has  been  sent  oul,  and  they  will  feel  ol  liged 
10  any  one  in  the  Trade  who  has  not  received  a  Copy  if  he  will 
inform  them,  ir  order  that  one  miy  be  foiwarded. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  WL-bech. 

SCANDINAVIAN     'tree      SEEDS 
FOR    -SALE 
PINUS  ALUA,  of  Danish  Harvest  ifSv 
PINUS  MONTANA  UNCINATA,  01  Danish  Harvest  1885 
PINUS  SYLVESTRIS,  of  Swedish  Harvest  1885 
PINUS  SYLVESTRIS,  of  Norwegian  Harvest  1885. 
First  quality.     Apply  to 
AUG.  SOHT,  Notregade  14,  Copenhagen. 


CUT  FLOWERS. 

LILY  of  the  VALLEY  (very  fine). 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
TULIPSfin  var  ). 
POINSETTIAS. 
Can  offer  a  regular  supply  at  reduced  prices. 
Any  qiiintily  for  Christmas. 
TURNER  BROS.,  Florists,  Green   Hill  Nursery,  Allerton, 
LiverpooL 

LE  N  A  ULT^  iTuET,     Nurseryman,    Ussy, 
Calvados,  France,  begs  to  offer  ihe  following 
FOREST  TREES,  FRUIT  TREES,  and  EVERGREENS, 

in  large  quantities  :— 
Maple,  Hornbeam,  (Quicks.  Privet.  Hazel.  Beech.  Ash,  Holly. 
Oak.  Lime,  Spanish  Chestnut.  Quince.  Cherry,  Maha'eb  and 
Avium  ;  Commm  Apple.  St.  Julien,  Myrobolan  ;  Spruce,  Fir, 
Larch.  Pine.  Arbor-vitx.  Can  be  obtained  as  seedlings  and 
transplanted  from  one  10  four  years  at  the  cheapest  prices. 
Samples  and  CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 

SBIDE  begs  to  call  special  attention  to  his 
•  extensivs  stock  of — 

FRUIT     TREES     (Dwarftrained)  —  Apricots,     Nectarmes, 

Peaches,  Aoples,  Pears,  Cherries,  Sic 
FOREST  TREES-Larch  and  Scotch  Fir.  Ash,  Hazel.  &c. 
ROSES-Srandard  and  Dwarf.  ASH-Seedling,  i-yr. 

ASPARAGUS-For  Planting  ;  for  Forcing. 

The  whole  being  second  to  none  in  the  Trade.    CATALOGUES 
of  General  Nursery  Stock,  with  Prices,  &c. ,  on  application  to 
S.  BIDE,  Alma  Nursery,  Famham,  Surrey. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 


THE     COMMITTEE 

beg  to   GIVE  NOTICE  that  they  have 
secured  permanent  Offices  at 

No.  50,  PARLIAMENT  STREET, 

WESTMINSTER,    S.W. 
and  it  is  respectfully  requested  that  all  com- 
mumcations  may  be  addressed  there. 
By  Order, 

EDWD.  R.  CUTLER,  Sec, 
November  3,  1885. 

PONTEY'S  SUPERFINE  LATE  WHITE 
BROCCOLI. -This  is  one  ot  the  finest  stocks  oTLale 
White  Broccoli  ever  offeied,  producing  large  heads  of  a  creamy 
while  colour,  and  coming  in  for  use  as  late  as  June.  See 
following  extract : — 

From  the  Gardeneri  Chronicle  and  AgrkNltwal  Gazette, 
London  :—■' MoNsTFR  Broccoli.— A  few  days  since.  Mr.  C. 
Kessell,  of  the  Coombe.  Penzance,  who  has  been  a  Broccoli 
grower  for  upwards  ol  half  a  century,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
10  get  the  Early  Broccoli  of  Cornwall  into  the  London  and 
Noithern  Markets,  cut  two  monster  Broccoli,  which  together 
weighed  50  lb.  They  were  the  !  ' 
Whi  e  Wilcove.  The  huge  scales 
be  called  into  requisition  10  ascerta 

Retail  Price,  25.  6i.   per  ounce. 
Trade.     Apply  to 

E.  WILSON  SERPELL.  -11,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 

PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  splendidly 
grown  healthy  Seaforthia  elegans,  Lalania  borbonica, 
Coiypha  australis,  Phoetiix  reclinala,  Areca  lulescens,  and 
Euteipe  edulis,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  dozen,  251.  per  io>: 
same  sorts,   20  inches    high,   125.    per  dozen,   less  quantity, 

FtRNS.— Strong,  healthy,  and  handsome  L-imaria  gibba, 
Adi-,ntum  cuneatum  (Maidenhair),  Pteris  tremula,  Pteris 
serrulata,  Pieris  serrulata  cristata,  Pteris  cretica  albo  lineala, 
Pleris  argyrea,  oul  of  small  pots,  2cr.  per  too,  3r.  per  dozen. 

GARDENIA  INTERMEDIA  (true).  6«.  per  dozen. 
Packages  and  parcels  post-free. 

GXRDENEK,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London.  N. 


Pontey's  Late 
the  smelting-house  had  to 
the  weight  of  the  plants." 
Special  quotaiions  to  the 


'^r  ELEG  K  APH  I  C        ADDRESS  — 

JL  "GILBERT,  ST»MFORD." 

The  gem  of  ihe  season-Guben's  Late  White  BROCCOLI, 
Victoria~in  open  compelition  beat  all  the  M  .dels,  all  ihe 
Giants,  and  all  the  (l.ieens,  besides  seven  dishes  of  Cauliflower. 
Awarded  a  Firsl.cl.;ss  Ce.lificJIe  at  the  Royal  Horiicullural 
Sociey.  This  Broccoli  is  wiihtiut  doubt  preeminently  ihe 
finest  in  commerce.  Not  ihimblesful,  but  in  ';  oz.  packets, 
21.  td.  each, 

A.  F.  BARRON  MELON.  Green  flesh,  First-class  Certifi- 
cate, and  true  TELEGRAPH  CUCUMBERS,  i  dozen  seeds 
per  packet,  iJ.  each 

CHDU  DK  bUliOHLEY,  a  pure  stock,  and  Universal 
SAVOY,  in  '4'  oz.  packets  ij  each. 

Gilbert's  selecled  ON luN  SEED,  saved  from  all  the  best 
shaped  and  finest  Bulbs.  Magnum  Bonum,  While  Spanish,  and 
Bedfordshire  Champion.  <)i.  per  picket. 

PRIMROSE  SEED,  crossed  with  Harbinger,  from  a  very 


illeclion    ir.  6d  per  packet. 
Border  CARNATIONS,  all  coh 
stock    s^.  per  packet. 

Apply  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Card 


very  hardy  and  good 
ns,  Stamford. 
New  Cbrysantbemums. 

G  STEVENS,  F.K.H.S.,  St.  [ohn's  Nursery, 
•     Putney,   Surrey.  S.W..   Ls  now  Booking  Orders  for  his 
New  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  which  will  be  sent  oul 
in  February  next,  good  strong  Plants  :  — 
MAIDEN'S  BLUSH. -Fine  Japanese,  with  broad  flat  florets, 
forming  a  full,  large,  handsome    bloom.       Fine  for  Exhibition. 
First-class  Certificate  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  Nov.  10,  and 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society,   November  ii,  18S5.    Price 
2r.  6d.  each.     Cish  with  order  from  unknown  correspondents. 

MARTHA  HARDING— A  fine  Japanese  variety.  Golden- 
yellow,  shaded  reddish-brown,  large  handsome  fljwer.  Fine  for 
Exhibition.  First-class  Certificate  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society,  1884.     Price  2s.  6d.  each. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  CATALOGUE  of  all  ihe  best 
Exhibition  Varieties  on  application. 


SPECIAL  CHEAP  OFFER.  —  PINES, 
Austrian,  from  2  to  6  feet :  LARCH,  from  2  to  4  feet  ; 
FIR,  Scitch,  12  to  24  inches  ;  EL.M,  3  10  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet  : 
ASH,  Common,  e  to  3  feet,  3  to  4  feel.  4  to  5  feel  ;  BIRCH, 
j]~  to  2  feet,  2  lo  3  feet,  7  10  S  feet,  8  to  ro  feet ;  CHEST- 
NUT, I  to  2  feel  :  HORNBEAM.  2  to  3  fea.  3  10  4  feet, 
7  108  feel,  8  109  feet;  MAPLE,  4  to  rofetl  :  OAK,  E.glish, 
Iron  I  to  10  feet ;  POPLARS,  Lombardy.  7  to  8  feet.  8  to  lo 
feel,  10  to  u  leet  ;  POPLARS,  American.  7  10  8  fett,  10  to  12 
feet  ;  PRIVET,  Evergreen,  2  to  3  feel.  3  to  4  leet.  good  : 
PRIVET,  Oval-leal.  2  to  3  feel,  3  to  4  feet,  fine  ;  QUICK. 
THORN,  4.  5.  and  6-yr.,  fine  ;  SYCAMORES.  3  10  4  leet.  4  10 
5  feet,  7  lo  8  feel.  8  to  9  feet:  AUCUEAS,  2  10  3  feel; 
liERBERIS  AQUIFOLIA,  BOX,  CUPRESSUS.  vari- 
ous; ELDERS.  Gold  :  CURRANTS,  flowering  :  HOLLIES, 
in  great  variety :  IVIES,  in  soru  ;  JUNIPERS,  LABURN- 
UMS, LAURELS,  assorted  :  RHODODENDRONS,  several 
hundrel  thousand  of  all  sorts  and  sizes — beautiful  stuff; 
REflNOSPORAS,  YEWS,  Common  and  Irish.  For  Price 
LIST,  &c..  apply  10 

ISAAC  MATIHKWS  and  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Melton, 
Stoke-on-Trent. 

SP    E    CI    A    L  oT~F^E    R. 

Fine  samples  ol 
MYATT'S      PROLIFIC    EARLY    ASHLEAF    KIDNEY 
POTATOS,  £s  5J.  per  ton.    Where  three  or  more  tons  arc 
ordered.  £$  per  ion. 
SUFTON'S     EARLY    ASHLEAF   KIDNEY    POTATOS, 
£6  6s  per  ton.     Nett  cash.     Free  on  rail  here. 
W.  W.  JOHNSON  AND  SON,   Seed  Potato  Growers  and 
Merchants,  Boston,  Lincolnshire. 


DSCEMBER   26,    1885,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


803 


CUTBUSH'S    RELIABLE     SEEDS. 


WM.  CUTBUSH  &  SON  (LIMITED) 

BBG  TO  ANNOUNCE   THAT  THEIR 

SEED     CATALOGUE     FOR     1886, 

INCLUDING  SOME   STERLING   NOVELTIES   BOTH    IN   VEGETABLE 
AND    FLOWER  SEEDS, 

Has  now  been  Posted  to  all  their  Customers ;  any  one  not  having  received  the  same,  a  duplicate 
copy  ■will  be  sent  Post-free  on  application. 


TELEOBAPHIC    ADDRESS- "  CUTBXJSH,    LONDON." 


HIGHGATE    NURSERIES,    LONDON,    N. 


PAUL  &  SONS,  THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT,  N., 

Solicit  Orders  for  the  Present  Planting  Season  for 


Nurseries:— 
CHE3HUNT. 

HIQH  BEECH. 
EBOXBOUBNE. 


ROSES, 

FRUIT    TREES, 

EVERGREENS  and  CHOICE  CONIFER/E, 
HOLLIES,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN, 
CATALOGUES     \  RHODODENDRONS  and  AMERICAN  PLANTS; 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

ALL    SPECIALTIES    OF    THESE    CELEBRATED    NURSERIES. 


s  o 


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1  "u.  « 


S  CO 


CHR. LORENZ 


Mucheheaperlhananyot 
her  Firm  andwjihourexeepiim 
Posl-free  supplies  First-Class  Ep- 
.    .jrt  Flower  andVegetableSeeditheoi-, 
all  the  world  over  renowned  Seed  Housu 
of  Chr.Lorenzat  ErfurtSeedsman  to  ma 
s^ny  Royal  Courts.  A 

'     lemand  the  English  EdiHoniriiis, 
Jllus(rated  Retail  Catalogue  i;' 
^  hr  Owners  orGardensand 
*■  Amateurs. 


Established  183'i. 


C/) 

ISI 

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to 

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— 1  ^ 

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SELECT     GARDEN     SEEDS. 


IRELAND  &  THOMSON 

DESCRIPTIVE    PRICED    CATALOGUE 

OF    VEGETABLE    AND    FLOWER    SEEDS,    FBENOH    HYBBID    GLADIOLI, 
AND    OTHER    QABDEN    BEQUISITES, 

Is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  post-free  on  application. 


20,     WATERLOO     PLACE,     EDINBURGH. 


The  Ol.l-Eslal.lihhed  Seed  iSr-  Nursery  Busincsi.  \ 

F.  &'  A.  Dickson  M  Sons, 

106,  Eastgate  Street,  | 

■  —  ^,—  .         I 

The   "Upton"    Nurseries,     i 

^^^     Chester.     Ji^ 

"The  Queen's  Seedsmen."* 

CTT-^^t     Cy-T-4.^C^ OO      CviC-^LX--a- \ 


•6-u^tc-a,   ct^^-^    i>0-.':iJi   C^-XA^.  ^ 


WHITETHORN   or    QUICK. 

THOMAS     PERKINS   and   SONS, 
14.     DRAPERY.     NORTHAMPTON, 
offer  very  tiu.^  sttoDg  btulf  of  the  above,  at  prices  varyiof;  fiom 


Cash  wiih  C 
Every  Garde 


'ery  Gardener  suited  with  a 

SUPERB  COLLECTION  of  ROSES, 

at  Prices  ranBtag  from  2s.  6d.  to  £20. 


'iilly  Pacliei,  and 
Railway  Stat" 


Ca-riage  PaiJ  I 
the  British  Isles. 


EWINO    &    CO,, 

SEA  VIEW   NURSERIES,    HAVANT,    HAMPSHIRE. 


uc    PINE-APPLE  NURSERY, 

S  #^  MAIDA  VALE, 

LONDON,  N.W. 

Autumn  LIST  of  Cheap  Cash 

[">  Offers  in   Ornamental   Plants,    sent   on 

;*>,  .Tpplioalion.      Stove,     Greenhouse,    and 

C      ' 

HENDERSON  &  SON. 

NEW    BOSES,    Is.    ed.    EACH. 
GLOIEE  LYONAISE,  the  first  Hybrid  Perpetual,  with  yellow 

(lowers,  fine  quality,  a  good  flower. 
BEAUTE  DE  L'EDROPE.  cclourdajk  yellow,  free  bloomer,  a 

seedling  from  Glorre  de  Dijon,  which  it  surpasses. 
ETOILE  DE  LYONS,   deep  yellow,  large,  and    very  double, 

first  quality. 
MADAME  EnOENE  VEEDIER,   flowers  large,   fine   form, 

golden  yellow,  long  buds.  First-class  Certificate. 
OLD  FAVOURITES.-Gloire  de   Dijon  and   Souvenir  de  la 

Malmaison,  6r.  and  o^'.  per  dozen  ;  Mar^chal  Niet,  gj. 

ICO  HARDY  GARDEN  FLOWERS,  hardy  herbaceous 
plants,  in  too  varieties,  lis.,  2ir.  :  choice  and  rare,  30f. 
and  401.  the  rof. 

100  STOVE   or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,    of  the   most 

beautilul    fl  iwering    and    ornamental    foliage,  "in    loo ' 
varieties,  for  63^.  and  105J.  the 
4M.  the  100. 


rietu 


!  A.  Mollis 


ired  with  flow 


rith 


and  1 


12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  buds,  lis.  and  301. 

DRACAJNAS,  t;  sorts,  very  ornamental.  6s.,  91. 

CROTONS,  beautiful  sorts,  6j.,  121. 

IXORAS,  finest  varieties,  various  colours,  6t.,  I2r  ,  i8r. 

MAIDENHAIR  FERNS,  r2  sorts,  61.   91. 

Gold  and  Silver  leaved  FERNS,  6j.,  91. 

PALMS,  varieties,  6s..  gs..  12s. 

EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA  (Amazon  Lily).  6r.,  9s  ,  121. 

NERIUM  (Oleander),  ta  sorts,  various  colours,  fl.,  91. 

AFRICAN  ASPARAGUS,  a  lovely  plant,  iSi.,  ait. 

BOUVARDIAS,  in  12  fine  varieties,  6s. 

In  less  quantities  at  the  same  rate. 
1000  BULBS,  in  fine  selection  of  sons,  for  garden  decoration, 
lor  21  r. 


8o4 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885. 


HIGHEST    AWARD,     SILVEB     MEDAL,     INVENTIONS    EXHIBITION. 

FOSTER  &  PEARSON,  BEESTON,   NOTTS, 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  excepuon  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  wuh  a  jarden  should 
uossess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  bones  are  put  together  wuh  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  sution 
in  England,  ready  gla:red  and  painted  :— 

6  feet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     i^i  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         t.  4  '5    o 

6  feet  long,  5  feci  wide,        .,         ..        •■         ^  t5    o 
12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,.  ..   .     •>  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  uL 

R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS. 

PRICE  LISTS  on  appUcatioa.        ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  Is.  eacli. 


By  Special  Appointments  to  H.U.  the  ftueen  and  H.I.  and  B.H.  the  Ciown  Princess  of  Germany. 


ROBINSON 

IRISH  DAMASK  TABLE 
AND     CAMBRIC 


TBISH    DAMASK    TABLE    LINEN.— 

^  Fish  Napkins,  2j.  SV.  per  dozen.  Dinner  Napkins,  4(.  6^. 
per  dozen.  Table  Cloths,  2  yards  jquare,  2j  9i.  ;  7,%  yaids  by 
3  yards,  ^^.\\d.  each.  Kitchen  Table  Cloths,  \\%d.  each. 
Strong  Huckaback  Towels,  4f.  ^d.  per  dozen.  Moaoprara*, 
Crests.  Coats  of  Arms,  Initials,  &c ,  woven  and  embroidered. 
Samples,  post-free. 

TBISH     XilNEN  S.— Heal  Irish  Linen 

Sheeting,  fully  bleached.  2  yards  wide  1j.  Wd.  per  yard  ; 
2J^  yards  wide,  2j.  4j2rf.  peryard(the  most  durable  article  made, 
and  far  superior  to  any  foreign  manufactured  goods).  Roller 
Towelling  18  inches  wide,  Z}-^d.  per  yard.  Surplice  Linen. 
Z%d,  per  yard.  Linen  Dusters.  3r.  %d. ;  Glass  Cloths,  4r.  6  /. 
per  dozen.       Fine  Ltceiis  and    Linen  Diaper,  \^d.  per  yard. 


Samples,  post-free. 


&  CLEAVER'S 

AND  HOUSE  LINENS, 
POCKET  HANDKERCHIEFS. 

IRISH  CAMRRIC  POCKET  HANO- 
KEROHIEFS,  Hemmea  for  Usf.  All  Pure  FUx.  Per 
dozen -Children's.  1..  id.;  Ladies',  2s.  6 /,  ;  Cenllemen's, 
3i.  id.  Hemstitched  -  Ladies',  Zs.  \\.d.  :  Gents',  6s.  9  /. 
S.amp!es,  post-free. 

TRI8H   LINEN    COLLAR?  and  OUFPS.- 

■*•  Coll  irs— Ladies'  and  Children's  Three-fold,  3r.  6^.  per 
dozen  ;  Gentlemen's  Four  (old.  4t.  \\d.  to  Ss  Wd.  per  dnzen. 
Cuffs  for  Ladies.  Geutleme.i,  and  Children.  Bs  llrf  to  lOl.  9/. 
per  dozen  -'Their  Lish  Linen  C  jllais.  Cuffs.  Shirts.  &c., 
have  the  merits  of  excellence  and  cheapness."— Ctfwr^  Circular. 


ROBINSON    &,    CLEAVER,    BELFAST. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.— Best  QuaUty  Long- 

^  tilth  Bodies,  with  four  fali  all-lineo  fronts  and  Cliffi, 
^).  New  Designs 
ihirtings  and  Un- 
post-free. 

Telegraphic    Address— 
"LINEN,"  Belfast. 


35s.  6/.    Ihehalfd 

in  our  special  Inciana  and   Printed  Gau, 

shrintable  Flinnels  for  the  season.     Samp 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


To 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commenang ,  for  which  I  eticlose  P.  O.  O. 


Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  y.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  \is.  wd.  ;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  ;— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  2d. 


P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  No.  42,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "■  DRUMMOND." 


December  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


805 


MILLTRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN.— 
The  best  and  cheapest  ever  offered.  Quality  guaran- 
teed. 4J,  6d.  per  bushel  {i6  cakes),  td.  per  bushel  package  ; 
a  cakes  as  samples,  free  parcel  postf  is,  3</.  Trade  supplied 
very  low. 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Child's  HiU  Farm,  N.W.; 
and  I  and  a,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  EC. 


.  12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post.  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
liROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  (or  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants.  &c.,  .£6  6r,  perTruck.  BLACK  FI  RROUS  PEAT, 
tor  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Bids 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  55.  ;  5  Bags.  2U.  dd  ;  10  Bags, 
45J.  Bag*  included  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  M.  per  Bag. 
SILVtR  SAND.  C  larse  or  Fine.  521  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famborough  Station.  Hams. 

OR  SALE,  by  Private  Treaty,  about   500 

loads  o(  gOL'd  TURF  LOAM.     In  any  quantity  to  suit 
nventence  of  purchasers.     Could  be  put  on  G.  W.  Railway 
Canal,  by  agreement.     Apply  to 
Mr.  JAMES  WELLS,  Sutton  p-arm.  Langley,  Slough. 


F 


Thomson's  Improved  Vine,   Plant, 
and  Vegetable  Manure, 

MANUFACTURED    SOLEL\     AT   CLOVENFORDS. 


For  Prices  and  Testimonials,  apply  to 
WILLIAM     THOMSON    &    SONS, 

CLOVENFORDS,   by  GALASHIELS. 
Can    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen   and    Seedsmen. 

Peat— Peat-Peat. 

FOR  Rhododendrons  and  common  purposes. 
For  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plant',  Heaths,  Ferns,  &c. 
For  Orchids  (specially  selected  fibrous),  in  sacks  or  barrels. 

Fresh    SPH.\GNUM,     very    superior     LEAF    MOULD, 
LOAM,  Fine  and  Coarse  SILVER  SAND. 

Trade  liberally  dealt  with.     Prices  on  application  to 
GATERELL  and  SON,  Wholesale  Peat  Merchants,-Ring. 
wood,  Hants. 


GENUINE      SEEDS. 


JAMES   VEITCH  &   SONS 
CATALOGUE  of  GARDEN  anTFLOWER  SEEDS  for  1886, 

LISTS  of  CHOICE  VEGETABLE  and  FLORAL  NOVELTIES, 

HORTICULTURAL     IMPLEMENTS,     AND     OTHER     GARDEN     REQUISITES, 

Has  now  leeti  Posted  to  all  their  Customers.      Any  one  not  having  received  the  same,  a  Duplicate  Copy 


aOTAL      EXOTIC      NUBSEB7,      CH£LS£A,       LONDON,      S.W. 


A     HANDSOME     NEW     YEAR'S     GIFT. 


Just  Published,  Sixth  Edition,  Enlan^ed  and  Revised, 

THE   ORCHID-GROWERS'   MANUAL. 

By  BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S,,  F.R.H.S. 

Post  %vo,  C/oth,  Price  15-f.y    Free  by  Parcels  Post,  \y.  6d. 

Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  Fase  and  D:>uble-page  Engravings  on  Wood,  together  with 

Blocks  Illustrative  of  types  of  the  various  genera. 
^""11  IS    Popular  Work  has  been  entirely  remodelled  and  revised  up  to  the  present  time,  and  has 

-*-  been  enlarged  to  659  pages.  It  contains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and 
varieties  of  Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  47S  synonyms  ;  also  authorities  for  the  names,  the 
families  to  which  the  various  genera  belong,  ihe  flowering  period,  native  country,  and  references  to 
figures.  Makini;  in  all  the  most  complete  work  on  Orchids  ever  published. 

Published    by    B,    S.    WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA    and  PARADISE    NURSERIES,    UPPER    HOLLOWAY,    LONDON,    N. 

BOULTON   &   PAUL,   Norwich, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS   and    HEATING    ENGINEERS, 


Awarded  the   GOLD  and  SILVER,  MEDALS  by  the  Royal  Honioultural  Society,  for  the 
General  Excellence  of  their  Exhibtta— 1881. 

CONSERVATORIES,  ORCHID-HOUSES,  PEACH-HOUSES,  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES, 

&c.,  of  the  best  Material  and  Workmanship,  at  Prices  defying  all  Competition. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  wailed  upon  in  any  part  of  the  Country.     Surveys  made.     Eslimales  and  Lists  post-pne. 

General   CATALOGUE   post-free. 


URE 
NEW 
SEEDS. 


Vegetable 

& 

Flower  Seeds. 


All  of  the  Highest  Class 


Umurpasscd  and 
Unsurpassable         ^  ^ 

Hr:l\  ,^^  "■'•''4  if'cM  care  , 

from  th€  most  famou!  X 

i„t  III  Cultivation.  [ 

SEVlSU-K     iSSv  I 


TU%E    7!<:inr  SEE'DS.  I 

Catalogue  1886,  Post  Free.  { 


The    Queen's    Seedsmen  | 
CHEST E%.    i 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  EEtTJSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 

irst. ',  4-busheI  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   jj.   id.    pet    sack 

5  sacks  255.  ;  sacks,  4d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5J.  per  sack,  s  sacks  111. :  sacks. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  9</.  per  bushel ;  15J.  per  half 
ton.  36s   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF 
MOULD.  II  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH  21,  C^ildsmith's  Street, 
Drury  Lane  (lately  called  i;A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

pOCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE.— Best 

V_^  and  fre'h  oaly,  is,  per  b<ig  ;  ts  bags,  izj,  ;  30  bags, 
72s  .  sent  I',  aii  pans  ;  truck>,  2  is..  free  10  Rail.  PEaT  and 
LOA  M.  "A.  FOULON.  3a,  St.  Mary  Axe.  London,  E  C. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

(Juallty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEA  r,  best  brown  fibrous  ..  41.  dd.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  aoj. 
PI- AT.  best  black  fibrous  ..  y.  6d.  „  s  sacks  (or  iss. 
PEAT,  exua  selected  Orchid    jj.  6d.  „ 


LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . , 


.  per  bush.,  sacks  included). 


LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  . 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  Sand,  coarse,  11.  3a.  per  bush.,  12s.  half  ton,  lai.ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ir.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     Sj'.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sp<cialii<!)    8<;.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  busheU 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  61.  per  sack. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ij.  each  ;  10  sacks,  ys.  ;  15  sacks,  13s.  ;  20  sacks,  17J.  ; 
30  sacks.  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  1  ruck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality.  Kranutated,  ia 
sacks  only.  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FEERY  ROAD,  MILWALL.  LONDON,  E. 

GENUINE  GARDEN  REQUISITES, 

as  supplied  to  the  Royal  Gardens. 
FRESH  COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE.  4bushtl  Bags, 
IS.  each  ;  30  for  25s. — bags  included  ;  2-ton  Tiuck.  free  on  Rail, 
25s.  BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  51.  per 
Sack  :  5  lor  ajs.  6d.  :  10  for  351.  ;  20  for  60s.  BEST  BLACK 
FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s  6d.  per  Sack;  5  for  2o«  ;  10  for  30s. 
COARSE  BEDFORD  SAND.  is.  6rf.  per  Bushel;  141.  per 
W  Ton  ;  25s.  per  Ton.  SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER, 
ic^.  per  lb.  :  28  lb.,  21s.;  cwt  ,  70s.  FINEST  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  Sd.  per  lb  ;  281b.  for  i3s.  LEAF-MOULD,  5s. 
per  S»ck.  PEAT  MOULD.  4s.  per  Sack.  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  3s.  per  Sack.  CHARCOAL,  as.  6d.  per 
Bushel  :  Sacks,  4d.  each.  BONES,  GUANO,  SPHAGNUM, 
f;c.     LIST  Free.     Special  Prices  to  tlie  Trade  for  Cash. 

W.  HERBERT  tc  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses, 

Sculhwaik  Street,  f.E.  (near  London  I'.rldije). 


8o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  188$. 


The  above  la  now  published,  and  will  be  forwarded. 
Gratis  and  Post-free  to  all  applicants. 


n 


jfOREST,  jfRUIT 

ii.    ALL    OTHER 

tTREES  &  IftLANTS. 


.oS«|,e«o*^t,=^«\, 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


WiuitdvCMi/i^^^^ 


RASPBERRY, 

BA  UMFORTH'S  SEEDLING. 

TRANSPLANTED    CANES. 


EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON 


Is  now  Booking  Orders  for  Present  Delivery. 
Planting  Canes  . . 
Fruiting  Canes  . . 

Price  to  the  Trade 


■  17s.  6d.  per  100. 
28s. 


'■  application. 


THE  YORKSHIRE  SEED  ESTABLISHMENT.   HULL. 


Wc7n£^(tr&  See^. 


The  best  and  most  interestine  Floral  Sight  in  or  near  London, 
and  when  visi-ing  the  Metropolis,  don't  lail  to  iee  the  HOME 
OF  FLOWERS,  as  some  fara.ly  of  Plants  is  sure  to  be  in  per- 
fection.  and  repay  a  journey  even  from  Land's  End  to  John 

From  WILLIAM  BARR.  Esq..  335.  Broadway,  New  'Vork, 
„  U.S.America.  December  i.  rSSs. 

The  Plants  arnived  safely,  and  thank  you  very  much  for 
your  attention.  Mrs.  Barr  and  myself  are  very  sorry  indeed  that 
'■'.T^?^)!'.;J„'""  "<'"'"  "'  "s  paying  a  visit  to  the  HOME  OF 
f  LOWERS,  as  we  luUy  intended  :  especially  after  the  descrip- 
tion given  us  by  our  friend,  Mr.  Petbb  Hrnderson,  nursery- 
man, of  New  York,  with  whom  we  crossed  and  recrossed  the 
ocean  but  we  have  a  treat  in  store  if  we  are  spued  10 
visit  England  again.' 

H.    CANNELL    &     SONS, 


PARAGON   PEA. 


IMPORTANT  TESTIMONIAL 

Peas  Gathered  in  66  Days  from  Sowing. 

Messrs.  Ho'VEY  &  Co.,  Boston,  U.S.A.,  write: 
"We  planted  your  Paragon  Pea  on  April 
25  last,  and  picket!  them  on  July  i,  and  we  were 
awarded  the  ist  Prize  for  Paragon  at  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Horticultural  Society's  E.xhibition 
on  July  4."  

CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SEED    MERCHANTS, 
SLEAFORD. 

p~rTzY"cob,  f  I  l  b  e  r tT 

AND    OTHER    FRUIT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  intending  to  make  Plantations  should  apply  for 

CA  TALOGUE  ami  PAMPHLETS 

on  H<nv  to  Make  Land  Pay,  and  Hoiu  to  Plant  at^  Prune,  to 

Ur.  COOPER,  F.B.E.S.,  Calcot  Gardens.  Reading. 

ORNAMENTAL   PLANTS. 


100  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  in  50  distinct  varieties,  includ- 
ing the  new  golden  Sycamore,  purple  Maple,  purple 
Plum,  purple  Birch,  several  varigated  Acers,  Elms, 
&c.,  4  to  6  feet  high,  for  .of. 

100  ORNAMENTAL  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  in  50  distinct 
varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  15s. 

too  ORNAMENTAL  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  in  50  dis- 
tinct varieties,  2  to  4  feet  high,  for  40,', 

too  CONIFERS,  in  100  distinct  varieties,  from  i  to  3  feet 
high,  for  6of. 

100  DWARF  ROSES,  in  100  finest  varieties,  for  3,.!. 

100  RHODODENDRONS,  in  100  finest  varieties,  i  to  i  feet 
high,  for  i.DoT, 

itxj  PRI MROSES.  in  30  distbct  hardy  varieties,  for  30J. 
All  safely  picked  in  mats  or  hampers,  package  free, 
for  cash  with  older. 

MORRISON  BROTHERS,  Nurseries,  Aberdeen. 

Telegraphic    Address— '    FORBkSFIELD.    ABERDEEN. 
SPECl.^L    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Tlie  Illustrated  and  Deuriflive  CA  TA  LOGUE  o/FK  U!  TS 

post-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &     SON, 
The  t*urseiies,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


ROSES. 

20  Acres  of  grand  plants  In  bast  varieties. 

BUSHES,   H.P.,  Sj.  per  do2cn,  ew.  \  „     ,■  , ,, 

per  100  \  Packing  and  L  an  t,ge 

per  100.  I  titrT:jT 

STANDARDS,  H.P.,  isr.  per  dozen,  I    .     r,.v  „fifn,.t 

losj.  perioo.       '    ^   ^  ')    for  Cash  wi.h  Order. 

CLEMATIS  (80.000),  12!.  to  24s.  per  dozen. 

ROSES,  in  Pots  (80,000).  13s.  to  361.  per  dozen. 

FRUIT  TREES  (74  Acres). 

VINES  (60C0).  31.  id.  to  los.  td. 

ORCHARD  HOUSE  TREES,  "  Fruiting,"  in  Pots. 

STRAWBERRIES.  41.  per  100;  Forcing,  15J.  tJasj.  per  i;». 

ASPARAGUS.  IS.  id.  per  roo  :  Forcing,  izj.  6d.  per  ico. 

.<;EAKAI.E.  strong  Forcinj,  i6j.  per  100. 

EVERGREENS,    CONIFERS     ORNAMENTAL  TREES 

(Q.  Airee,). 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS,  8s.  per  dozen. 
FOREST  TREES,  HEDGE  PLANTS,  UNDERWOOD,  &c. 

BULBS 

Of  Finest  Quality. 


Descriptive  LISTS  0/ above  and  SEEDS  free. 


RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

WORCESTER. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    TRADE. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 


Culli' 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of 

free  on  application. 
Special    Descriptive    "List  op 

Ferns."  free. 
Descriptive  "  List  of  HardvNorth  American  Fe, 


1  species  and  varieties, 
Rare,    and  Choice 


W.   &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


LEICESTER   SEEDS. 

HARRISON  &  SONS' 

GENERAL   CATALOGUE,  POST-FREE. 

Specially  arranged  for  Seedsmen,  Market  Growers, 
Gentlemen,  .Amateurs,  &c. 

ALL    THE   PEST    KINDS    OF 
VEQETABLE     AMD     FLOWS  <■     SEEDS 

of  unstirpassed  quality,  and  in  many  instances  superior 
to  any  that  can  be  obtained  elsewhere. 

The  Earliest  Fea  known, 

HARRISON'S      EARLY     ECLIPSE.  —  Per 

quart,  li.  td.,  post-free  2j. 

HARRISONS'  EXHIBITION  MARROW,  or 

I.MPROVED   NE   PLUS  ULTRA  PEA.-Per  quart, 
2J.  6d.,  post-free,  31. 

Prices  per  bushel  of  the  abo^'e  on  application. 

HARRISONS  LEICESTER  RED, 

HARRISON'S  EARLY  ROSE, 
The  Two  Best  Celeries. —  Each,  per  packet,  u,,  post-free. 


General  Descriptive  Catalogue,  free  by  Post. 
HARRISON    &    SONS, 

ROYAL    MIDLAND    SEED    WAREHOUSE, 
LEICESTER. 

ARCISSUS  POETICUS  BULBS.- 

Splendid  stuff  12..  per  bushel. 
GEORGE    PHIPPEN,   Reading. 


N 


pALIFORNIAN    LILIES.— Mr.   William 

Vy     Bull  has  just  received  a  targe  consignment  from  Cali- 
fotnia  of  the  loUowine  LILIES  :— 

HUMBOLDTII. 

WAS  H I N  GTO  N I  AN  UM. 

KUBE^CENS  (Washingtonianum  purpureum) 

CAI.IFORNICUM. 

BLOOMERIANUM. 

PARD.iLINUM. 


NOW    READY. 

CARTERS' 
VADE-MECUM 

FOR  1886. 

Contains  several  Coloured 
Plates  and  hundreds  of 
illustrations  of  Choice 
Vegetables  and  Pretty 
Flowers.  It  also  gives 
concise  instructions  to 
ensure  successful 
cultivation. 
Price  1/-  Post  Free. 
GRATIS  TO  INTENDING  CUSTOMERS. 

SEEDSMEN 

By  Royal  Warrant  to  H.R.H.  the 

PRINCE  OF  WALES, 

;,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON,  W.C. 


237 


UTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

■Too  well  known  to  require 

Price    6j.    per    bushel 

;r  bushel  for  package),  or 

td.  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 

Pj  ages  and  printed    cultural  directions 

r    enclosed,  with  our  signatur*  steadied. 

y  p.,        ^^-      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 

*^    Jt^^feZ     (Limited),      Nurserymen    and    Seed 

,/*_  -s   -^-^    Merchants.  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


December  26,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


807 


SPECIAL     NOTICE. 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

SATURDAY   NEXT, 

January  2,  1886, 

WILL     CONTAIN     A      BEAUTIFULLY 

COLOURED  ALMANAC 

(18  Inches  by  13  Inches), 
FROM   AN   ORIGINAL  DESIGN. 


Price  Flvepence  ;  Post-free,  Flvepence-Halfpenny 
ALMANAC  MOUNTED  ON  OAK  ROLLERS, 
Eevenpence ;  Post-free.  Eightpence-Halfpenny. 


Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order 
the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 

TO   PEEVENT  IKJURY  FKOM   FOLDINO. 

The  Publisher  cannot  be  responsible  for  injury  10  Ihu 
Almanac  unless  it  is  so  protected. 


NOTICE   TO  ADVERTISERS. 

As  a 

LARGE     EXTRA      SALE 

of  this  Number  is  guaranteed,  it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  medium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS      FOR      SPACE 
(hould  be  eent  in  as  early  as  possible. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,       WELLINGTON      STREET, 
STRAND,    W.C. 


NOW  READY, 

NOVELTIES    A    NOVELTIES 


'  /        Gratis      \       CDIIITO 

TABLES.  /  a°J  Post-free. \      T  KUf  I  6. 


Novelties  Xoratisand/  Novelties 

Post-free, 


POTATOS. 


FLOWERS. 


One  of  the 

A 

Price  Is., 

most  useful 

/  \ 

Poit-fru, 

Gardening 

/    \ 

Gratis  to  Cus- 

Books                / 

V     tomers  to  the 

y 

THE 

\           value  of 

issued.          / 

\ 

1886 
Kdition 


SUTTON'S 


AMATEUR'S 


Beautifully 
illustrated 
with  four 
Coloured  and 
Toned  Plates 
representing 
subjects,  and 


.GUIDE., 


Contains 

complete 

instructions 

on  how  to 

Manage    the 

Vegetable  and 

Flower  Gardens 


numerous  engravings.        throughout  the  year 


Seedsmen  by  Boyal  Warrants  to  H-U.  the  Queen 
and  H.B.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    :6,    1885, 


H  U  R  S  L  E  Y. 

THERE  are  few  country  churches  within 
whose  sacred  folds,  dotted  over  with 
gr.ivestones,  some  worthy  of  national  or  pro- 
vincial note  has  not  been  laid  to  rest.  The 
name  of  Hursley  naturally  recalls  that  of  its 
famous  Vicar,  Dr.  Keble,  who  v.'as  mentioned 
disrespectfully,  like  many  other  good  men,  by 
T.  Carlyle,  in  a  letter  written  from  The  Grange. 
That  delightful  writer,  and  very  disagreeable 
person,  was  unaware,  probably,  that  Hursley 
was  the  burial  place  of  Richard  Cromwell,  the 
eldest  son  of  one  of  his  own  heroes,  the  great 
Protector  ;  and  when  a  party  from  The  ('.range, 
including  Stirling,  the  famous  curate  of  Hurst- 
monceaux,  and  Wilbeiforce,  Bishop  of  Winches- 
ter, drove  and  rode  over  to  Hursley  to  visit  the 
Editor  of  the  Cliristian  Year,  he  wrote  to 
poor  Mrs.  Carlyle,  and  spoke  of  the  Vicar 
of  Hursley  as  "  an  ape  named  Keble."  In  spite 
ol  the  man  of  genius  who  used  this  expression, 
Hursley  has  become  a  place  of  deepest  interest 
to  those  who  believe  that  in  our  future  progress 
Cromwells  and  cataclysms  may  be  averted  by 
the  good  influence  of  teachers  of  another  sort. 

The  church  here  also  holds  the  dust  of  that 
unaspiring  old  gentleman  already  named,  who 
succeeded  his  father  Oliver  as  Protector,  sat 
several  times  on  the  throne,  and  narrowly 
escaped  a  crown  and  burial  at  Windsor,  where 
the  Georges  now  moulder.  Richard  Cromwell — 
called  in  the  domestic  circle  Dick — acquired 
Hursley  by  marriage,  lost  possession  of  it  at  the 
Restoration,  and  on  his  return  to  England  some 
years  afterwards,  his  son  Oliver,  being  then  in 
residence,  refused  to  go  out.  Richard  did 
not  care  to  dispute  the  usurpation,  but  when 
Oliver's  sisters  took  possession  at  the  death  ot 
their  brother,  the  old  man,  then  eighty  years  of 
age,  determined  on  pressing  his  claim  to  the 
property.  The  story  of  his  evidence  in  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  and  of  the  claims  of  his 
two  daughters,  cruel  and  unnatural  as  those  of 
Lear,  forms  a  touching  episode  in  the  history  of 
one  of  the  most  retired  spots  in  Hampshire. 
On  his  appearance  in  court  the  Lord  Chief 
Justice,  to  his  honour,  treated  the  old  man  with 
great  respect,  and  desired  him  to  be  covered, 
in  recognition  of  the  almost  regal  position 
which  he  had  held  as  Protector  in  succession 
to  his  father.  Having  given  his  evidence  and 
gained  his  suit,  he  strolled  into  the  House  of 
Lords,  where  an  official  asked  him  if  he  had 
ever  been  in  that  Chamber  before  ;  "  Not  since 
I  sat  in  that  chair,"  he  replied,  pointing  to  the 
throne.  Richard  Cromwell  died  at  Theobalds, 
Herts,  and  lies  buried,  with  about  a  dozen  of  his 
family,  within  the  walls  of  this  quiet  country 
church  at  Hursley. 

I  reached  the  spot  from  Chandler's  Ford,  the 
nearest  station,  close  to  Bishopstoke,  on  the 
South-Westem  Railway.  Changes  have  over- 
taken Hursley,  and  to  some  extent  disaster  has 
befallen  it.  In  171S,  after  Richard  Cromwell's 
death,  his  daughters  sold  the  estate  to  SirWilliam 
Heathcote,  who  pulled  down  the  stately  old 
Elizabethan  house,  and  built   a  more  modern 


8o8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885. 


mansion  in  its  place.  The  story  runs  that  Sir 
WiUiam  refused  to  occupy  the  house  of  the 
Cromwells.  The  descendant  of  this  staunch 
royahst,  the  late  Sir  William,  died  a  few  years 
since,  and  Hursley  is  at  present  under  a  cloud, 
being  hard  hit  as  regards  the  revenues  of  the 
estate  by  agricultural  distress  and  the  fall  of 
prices.  The  soil  of  the  park  is  good,  and  the 
Elms  and  Beeches  are  fine.  A  wonderful  Yew 
hedge  fences  the  forcing  department  from  the 
rest  of  the  kitchen-garden,  having  been  planted 
to  defend  it  from  wind,  which  it  does  very 
eflectually,  and  to  screen  it  from  observation. 
Nothing  could  be  grander  of  the  kind,  but  a 
brick  wall  covered  with  fruit  trees  must  be  more 
useful  than  a  vegetable  rampart  10  feet  thick, 
which  harbours  insects  and  other  garden  pests, 
and  which  requires  an  annual  expenditure  of 
labour  to  trim  and  clip  it. 

The  vicarage  at  Hursley,  the  home  during 
thirty-one  years  of  John  Keble,  author  of  the 
Christian  Year,  is  an  unambitious,  but  com- 
ortable  residence,  built  of  flint — a  gem,  so  far 
as  appearance  goes,  sheltered  by  ornamental 
trees  of  several  sorts,  such  as  the  Plane,  Elm, 
Beech,  evergreen  Oak,  Yew,  and  Cedar  of 
Lebanon,  many  of  them  overtopping  the  house 
at  a  little  distance  from  it.  The  north  wall  is 
covered  by  that  good  old  domestic  creeper,  the 
ever-present  Ivy.  The  whole  group  formed  by 
the  church  and  vicarage  and  adjacent  schools 
occupies  a  corner  of  the  park,  while  the  lych 
gate  of  the  churchyard  opens  on  the  village 
street.  A  lawn  and  flower  beds  are  interposed 
between  the  house  and  the  west  wall  of  the 
churchyard,  and  on  entering  the  latter  with  its 
surrounding  screen  of  Limes,  Elms,  and  Yews, 
you  see  on  your  right  a  very  plain  building  of 
the  dairy  and  dove-cote  order  of  architecture — 
the  unsightly  tomb-house  of  the  Heathcotes  : 
a  most  uncomfortable  looking  place  to  be 
buried  in,  and  a  great  discredit  to  any  church- 
yard. At  a  little  distance  from  this 
erection,  close  to  the  pathway  leading  to 
the  church,  lies,  as  we  read  on  the  granite 
pediment  of  his  plain  monument,  "the  body  of 
John  Keble,  Vicar  of  this  parish."  It  is  also 
recorded  that  he  died  on  Maunday  Thursday, 
March  29,  1S66,  aged  74  years.  His  wife,  who 
died  si.x  weeks  later,  rests  by  his  side.  The 
church  is  now  a  large  one,  having  been  restored 
and  enlarged  in  commemoration  of  Mr.  Keble. 
There  is  no  monument  to  any  of  the  Cromwells, 
and  nothing  prominent  in  memory  of  Richard 
the  Protector  ;  but  a  member  of  the  family 
placed  a  slab  against  the  wall  of  the  church  m 
an  inconspicuous  corner,  where  it  can  attract  no 
attention,  and  on  this  the  names  of  a  number  of 
Cromwells  wlio  were  buried  here  are  recorded. 
H.  E. 


The  flowers  of  this  variety  are  3  inches  across,  the 
segments  lanceolate,  dull  yellow,  with  purple  spots, 
the  lip  obcordate,  white,  rosy-lilac  at  the  base.  The 
plant  itself  is  not  more  than  5  or  6  inches  high,  so 
that  the  large  size  of  the  flowers  produces  a  remark- 
able effect.  The  culture  is  easy.  It  should  be  grown 
in  small,  baskets  filled  with  sphagnum,  peal,  and 
wood  charcoal.  It  should  receive  abundance  of 
water  in  the  growing  season,  and  a  very  moderate 
supply  at  other  times. 

Calanthes. 
What  wonderful  additions  have  been  made  to  this 
useful  winter  flowering  section  during  the  last  few 
years  !  Messrs.  Veitch  were,  as  usual,  first  in  the 
field.  C.  Sedeni,  raised  by  them,  is  distinct  and 
handsome  ;  so,  also,  is  the  beautiful  C.  Bella,  for 
which  a  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  188 1.  It  has  a  hand- 
some spike  of  rose  or  pink-coloured  flowers.  C. 
Sandhurstiana,  raised  by  Mr.  Gosse  of  Torquay,  and 
exhibited  by  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart., in  December  last 
year  at  South  Kensington,  where  it  received  the  First- 
class  Certificate  it  so  well  deserved,  is  a  great  gain. 
Again,  Mr.  Cookson,  of  Oakwood,  Wylam-on-Tyne, 
exhibited  a  charming  group  of  seedlings  raised  by 
himself  on  October  27  last  at  South  Kensington, 
The  certificated  varieties  are  described  at  p.  566. 
At  the  Floral  Committee  meeting  on  December  8, 
Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart.,  exhibited  another  group  of 
seedlings  in  some  respects  very  similar  to  those 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Cookson,  with  the  exception  of 
that  richly-coloured  variety,  C.  porphryrea,  which  is 
certainly  distinct  from  any  hitherto  exhibited  ;  it  was 
the  only  one  selected  by  the  committee  for  a  First- 
class  Certificate.  The  old  forms  o(  C.  vestita  have 
done  good  service  not  only  as  ornamental  flowering 
plants  at  this  dreary  season  of  the  year,  but  as  furnish- 
ing the  parentage  of  these  very  superior  varieties 
above  alluded  to.  They  will  now  have  to  give  place 
to  superior  merit.  Calanthe  vestita  Williamsii  must 
not  be  omitted,  as  it  is  also  a  real  acquisition  ;  it  is 
figured  in  the  Orchid  Album,  plate  134  :  the  bulbs 
show  it  to  belong  to  the  Turneri  group,  but  the  rich 
rosy-crimson  lip,  and  the  peculiar  suftusion  of  the 
same  colour  in  the  sepals  and  petals,  on  a  white 
ground,  have  a  charming  effect.  C.  Regnieri  is  also 
very  distinct  as  a  species  ;  it  has  recently  been  intro- 
duced from  Cochin  China,  and  as  there  are  many 
distinct  forms  of  it  which  Bower  late,  it  will  be  of 
some  value  on  that  account.  J.  D. 

On'cidium  Jonesianum. 

Some  grand  varieties  of  this  lovely  Orchid  are  now 
in  bloom  with  Messrs.  Fred.  Horsman  &  Co.,  of  Col- 
chester, one  of  them  being  really  superb.  Its  flowers 
are  borne  eight  on  a  spike,  each  flower  2  and  34  inches 
across.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  yellowish-white 
blotched  with  dark-reddish  crimson  and  margined 
with  white.  The  labellum  is  broad  and  beautifully 
crimped  at  the  edge,  snow-white  on  the  expantied 
portion,  the  upper  part  around  the  column  birin.;; 
bright  yellow  showiiy  marked  wiih  brij^ht  red.  Any 
variety  of  O.  Jonesianum  is  pretty  enough,  but  some 
of  them,  like  ihat  described,  are  simply  lovely.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  the  plant  does  best  on  a  block  and 
hanging  head  downwards.   - 


n\\i  min  and  iUaniitp. 


'•  L  I  N'  D  E  N'  1  ,\." 
The    last   issued    part    of    this    journal    contains 
coloured  figures  of  several  first-class  Orchids,  among 
them  the  ivory-while 

I'anJa  Dcnisoniana  (t.  2i),  for  which  Comte  du 
Buysson  recommends  basket  culture,  abundance  of 
light  without  direct  exposure,  and  generally  the 
culture  requisite  for  the  species  of  Acrides. 

Cypripedium  seltigctum  majus  x  (t.  22),  a  magni- 
ficent hybrid  from  C.  barbatum,  fertilised  wiili  the 
pollen  of  C.  Ia:vigatura.  The  dorsal  sepal  is  broadly 
ovate  acute,  white,  with  purple  ribs  ;  the  lateral  petals 
are  narrow,  strap-shaped,  and  hairy  at  the  margins, 
and  the  bag-shaped  lip  is  glazed  and  purplish-brown. 

Pliahttiopsis  Sandcriana  (t.  23)  is  worthy  almost 
any  adjective  in  our  repertory,  only  it  is  a  general 
editorial  rule  to  strike  out  adjectives  of  comparison. 
The  flowers  are  as  large  as  those  of  P.  amabilis,  but 
of  a  lovely  rosy-lilac  colour  as  to  the  perianth  seg- 
ments, the  lip  being  white. 

TiUhocentrtim  iigyimtut  var.  splaidetis   (t.  24). — 


JEWISH  FLOWER  GARDENS. 

There  are  in  the  Bible  no  direct  references  to  the 
culture  of  flowers.  Indeed,  it  is  curious  to  note  that 
in  the  usual  generic  sense  of  the  word  there  is  no 
Hebrew  equivalent  for  the  term  "flowers."  We  should 
be  disposed  to  say  that  mere  beauty  of  form  in  these 
"gems  of  the  field"  appealed  less  to  the  Hebrew 
than  fragrance  of  odour.  Not  that  he  was  insensible 
to  the  beauty  of  the  blossom— its  rich  colouring  and 
graceful  growth  ;  but  he  was  always  subjective  rather 
than  objective,  and  thought,  characteristically  enough, 
more  of  the  perfume  of  a  plant  than  of  the  beauty  of 
its  flowers.  And  aromatic  plants  he  especially  seems 
to  have  delighted  in,  as  the  reader  would  infer  from 
the  number  of  such  referred  to  in  the  Bible.  Hence, 
the  nearest  approach  to  our  generic  term  "  flower  "  is 
to  be  found  in  the  Hebrew  word  "bosem,"  really 
signifying  "fragrant  or  scented  plants,"  as  used  in 
the  Song  of  Solomon  :  "  I  have  gathered  my  myrrh 
with  my  fragrant  balsam-plant." 

The  translation  of  the  Authorised  Version  in  this 
passage  is  altogether  out,  for  "  spice  "  is  ridiculous  in 
such  a  connection,  since  spices  are  not  gathered  from 
growing  plants  in  a  flower-garden.    Bible  Flowers. 


COCOA-NUT    FIBRE. 

It  was   Linnaeus  who  first  called  the  Palms  the 

"  princes  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,"  but  it  has  been 
reserved  to  writers  of  the  present  day  to  designate  the 
Cocoa-nut  and  the  Palmyra  respectively  the  "prince 
of  Palms;"  which  of  these  two  plants,  however,  is 
most  entitled  to  the  term  it  is  difficult  to  say,  for  we 
read  that  the  Palmyra  (Borassus  fiaheiliformis)  has 
been  immortalised  in  a  poem  in  the  Tamil  language, 
and  though  8oi  uses  of  the  Palm  have  been  thus 
recorded,  the  list  is  by  no  means  exhausted.  Whether 
it  would  be  possible  to  enumerate  so  many  uses  for 
the  Cocoa-nut  Palm  (Cocos  nucifera)  I  have  not  been 
at  the  trouble  to  enquire,  but  I  venture  to  believe  that 
for  sterling  value  as  a  commercial  plant  the  Cocoa- 
nut  can  compete  any  day  with  the  Palmyra,  or  any  of 
its  allies. 

It  would  seem  that  with  a  plant  so  well  known  as  this, 
and  about  which  so  much  has  been  written,  nothing  now 
remains  to  be  said.  It  is  an  old  story  to  be  told  that 
the  outer  husk  yields  coir  ;  that  the  inner  hard  shell 
can  be,  and  is,  generally  carved  into  ornamental  cups  ; 
that  the  kernel  of  the  nut  itself  is  edible  when  fresh, 
and  that  it  yields  large  quantities  of  oil  when  dried. 
These  are  facts  known  to  all  who  know  a  Cocoa-nut 
when  they  see  it,  and  what  schoolboy  is  there  who 
is  not  acquainted  in  some  way  with  this  familiar  nut  ? 
But  each  one  of  its  uses  might  be  dilated  upon,  and, to 
use  an  oft-repeated  term,  "  volumes  might  be  written  " 
upon  each  ;  but  our  business  at  present  is  only  with 
the  husk,  apparently  a  minor  portion  of  the  Cocoa- 
nut  commercially  considered.  A  glance  at  the 
engraving,  however,  will  show  that  a  large  trade 
must  be  centred  about  these  "unconsidered  trifles," 
and  that  such  is  the  case  I  shall  endeavour  to  show  by 
briefly  recording  what  I  saw  on  a  visit  to  the  Cocoa- 
nut  fibre  works  of  Messrs.  Chubb,  Round  &  Co., 
situated  in  West  Ferry  Road,  Millwall.  This  firm  is 
one  of,  if  not  the  largest  importers  and  manufacturers 
of  Cocoa-nut  fibre,  and  their  stock  ol  material,  which 
is  well  shown  in  the  engraving,  is  a  very  striking 
sight.  The  enormous  heap  of  husks — which,  indeed, 
is  known  in  the  locality  as  the  "  mountain  " — comes 
upon  view  immediately  upon  entering  the  premises, 
and  one  can  scarcely,  at  first  sight,  realise  the  fact 
that  the  enormous  pile  is  composed  entirely  of  these 
apparently  useless  portions  of  the  fruit.  At  the  time 
ol  my  visit  this  reserve  stock  of  husks  was  estimated 
at  considerably  over  a  million  and  a  half,  and  pre- 
sented an  appearance  as  shown  in  the  engraving 
(fig.  186),  which  i^  from  a  photograph  taken  by  Mr. 
John  G,  Horsey  only  a  week  or  so  previously. 
Before  proceeding  to  describe  the  various  processes 
through  which  the  husks  pass  to  convert  them  into 
marketable  material,  it  will  be  well  to  say  something 
about  the  nuts  themselves. 

Cocoa-nuts,  or  as  they  are  generally  termed  in  the 
trade  Coker-nuts,  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
Theobroma  Cacio  which  furnishes  cocoa  and  choco- 
late, are  shipped  principally  from  Trinidad,  Jamaica, 
l_);meiara,  Tobago,  several  of  the  other  Leeward 
Islands  in  the  British  West  Indies,  Ceylon,  Behze 
(British  Honduras),  all  round  the  coast  of  America, 
and  the  Fiji  Islands  ;  the  quantify  landed  in  the 
United  Kingdom  being  about  12,000,000  yearly. 
Nearly  all  the  nuts  are  imported  in  the  husks  or 
outer  covering,  from  which,  on  arrival,  they  are 
stripped  by  men  using  two  fine-pointed  steel  chisels, 
and  who,  by  constant  practice,  become  so  skilful  in 
the  art  that  many  are  able  to  open  1000  to  1200  nuts 
per  day.  The  nuts  themselves  after  being  removed 
from  the  husks  are  generally  sold  to  wholesale  fruit 
dealers,  who,  in  turn,  supply  the  retailers,  coster- 
mongers  and  others,  but  they  are  likewise  often  sold 
under  the  hammer  at  public  auction. 

After  removal  from  the  husk  they  are  sorted  into 
seven  sorts  or  varieties,  known  respectively  as  large 
milky,  middle  size,  small,  starters,  milky  growers, 
green  and  dry,  Those  from  Trinidad  aie  the  sweetest 
i-n  flavour,  and  are  mostly  preferred  by  the  manufac- 
turing confectioner?,  biscuit-makers,  and  others, 
though  the  Ceylon  nuts  ran  them  very  close  in 
quality.  Cocoa  nuts  are  largely  used  in  the  North 
and  West  of  England,  and  they  are  also  in  great 
demand  at  holiday  times,  at  fairs,  on  racecourses,  and 
such-like  gatherings  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 
The  husks,  after  the  nuts  have  been  cracked,  are 
stacked  in  the  yard  in  the  open  air,  as  shown 
in  the  engraving,  until  they  are  required  for  con- 
version into  fibre;  for  this  purpose  they  are  first 
passed    singly   through    a    powerful     *'  crusher,"    or 


8io 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  26,  18S5. 


"  back-breaker,"  driven  by  steam  power,  with  large 
revolving,  corrugated  wheels,  which  flatten  the 
husks,  and  to  a  certain  extent  make  them  more 
pliable  ;  but  alter  this  severe  pressure,  so  sprirgy  is 
the  nature  of  the  husk  that,  somewhat  like  a  sporge, 
they  immediately  assume  Iheir  origmal  shape  on 
emerging  from  the  crusher.  They  are  then  thrown 
into  huge  stone  tanks,  each  holding  many  thousands, 
where  they  undergo  several  hours'  steaming  and 
soaking.  Great  care  and  skill  are  required  to  know 
how  long  to  keep  them  in  the  tanks,  husks  from 
different  countries  requiring  more  or  less  time  accord- 
ing to  circumstances,  such  as  age,  thickness  of  outer 
cuticle,  substance  of  fibre,  and  other  peculiarities 
kiipwD  10  the  manufacturers.  In  the  tanks  the  husks 
s»|e!ll,  considerably,  and  have  to  be  kept  down  by 
heavy  pressure.  One  of  the  tanks  filled  with  busks 
is  shown  in  the  centre  of  the  engraving. 

After  the  husks  are  sufficiently  soaked  they  are 
ready  for  the  mills,  which  are  technically  known  as 
*'  Teasers  "  or  "  Devils,"  and  consist  of  cylinders  or 
drums,  each  being  studded  on  the  outer  circumference 
with,  about  3000  fine  or  thick  3-inch  steel  teeth, 
specially  tempered.  The  mills  vary  slightly  accord- 
ing to  certain  requirements.  They  are  diiven  by 
steam,  and  revolve-wiih  great  rat)idiiv,  requiring  the 
u  m>>st  care  and  constant  attention  of  the  workmen. 
Eichhusk  is  divided  longitudinally  into  thin  pieces, 
and  e;-ch  piece  is  passed  into  the  mill  separately  by 
the  workman  between  two  steel  rollers,  the  workman 
retaining  a  firm  grip  of  it  so  as  not  to  allow  it  to  pass 
out  of  his  hands;  but  the  lew  moments  he  holds  it 
there  the  drum  with  its  numerous  steel  teeth  is 
revolving,  and  combing  out  the  irregular  fibre  and 
refi'S!.  After  one-half  of  the  slice  of  husk  is  thus 
c'e.ined  ihe  woikman  reverses  it,  passing  in  the  other 
hall.  The  continual  feeding  of  these  mills  gives  such 
strength  of  wrist  and  dexterity  to  the  workmen  that 
what  appears  a  very  dangerous  operation  is  gone 
through  with  wonderful  rapidity,  and  each  slice  of 
hu^k  is  passed  through  three  of  these  mills  in  succes- 
sion, occupying  but  a  few  seconds  from  the  time  that 
the  crude  husk  is  passed  into  the  mill  until  it  comes 
out  a  perfectly  cleaned  bundle  of  light  brown  separated 
fibres  ;  thtse  bundles  are  next  laid  out  in  drying 
rooms  on  heated  iron  tables  to  perfectly  dry  them, 
wnen  they  are  ready  for  making  brushes  and  brooms 
of  various  kinds. 

Butl  to  return  to  the  mills.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
principal  attention  has  been  given  to  the  long  clean 
fibres  used  for  brush-making,  but  there  are  other  pro- 
ducts to  which  I  have  not  yet  alluded.  If  a  Cocoa- 
nut  husk  is  cut  through  transversely  it  will  be  found 
that  immediately  under  the  outer  woody  coating  the 
long  brush  fibres,  if  we  may  so  call  them,  are 
deposited  tj  the  thickness  of  about  half-an-inch  ; 
nearer  the  centre,  and  immediately  surrounding  the 
nut  the  fibres  are  more  irrei^ular,  somewhat  matted, 
and  mixed  with  solt  brown  reluse.  In  the  process 
of  passing  thiough  the  mill  and  separating  the 
bru-h  fibre  this  finer  fibre  and  refuse  is  thrown 
out  at  the  back,  from  whence  it  is  collected  and 
placed  on  elevators,  and  carried  automatically  into 
the  mouths  i>f  double  rotary  screens,  or  "  willows," 
peculiarly  made  ior  the  purpose,  a  spindle  fitted  with 
aims  or  rods  running  the  entire  length,  and  after 
many  revolutions  and  much  tossing  about  the  fibre  is 
separated,  and  falls  out  at  Ihe  lower  ends  clean  and 
ready  to  be  dried.  This  fibre  is  used  (or  matting, 
and  is  not  only  supplied  by  the  firm  in  large  quantities 
for  mat  makers,  but  also  to  the  Government  for  mat- 
making  in  prisons  j  itisfurther  largely  used  for  stuffing 
mattresses,  saddles,  &c.  The  refuse,  by  a  special 
process  of  the  present  proprietor,  is  separated  into  two 
dilTcrent  qualities,  the  ordinary  coarse  kind  being 
used  for  general  horticultural  purposes,  and  the 
granulated  for  conservatory  use  and  potting. 

Enoimous  quantities  of  this  Cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse 
are  produced  by  the  firm.  A  heap  is  shown  behind  the 
tank  in  the  engraving,  and  I  was  informed  that  it  was 
no  uncommon  thing  for  them  to  dispatch  20  tons  in 
one  consignment,  and  that  the  material  is  sent  to  all 
parts  of  the  world,  including  America,  Africa, 
Australia,  Sweden,  Germany,  France,  Holland,  &c. 
— the  latter  countries  using  it  extensively  for  bulb 
growing.  I'  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  this 
refuse  Cocoa-nut  fibre  should,  in  some  cases,  find  its 
way  back  in  a  changed  form  to  the  countries  from 
whence  the  nuts  were  originally  brought. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  to  acknowledge  my  indebted- 
ness to  iMr.  Thomas  Nevell,  the  present  proprietor, 
for  his  kindness  in  allowing  me  to  inspect  the  works, 


for  his  courtesy  in  personally  showing  me  over  them, 

and  carelully  explaining  the  details  of  manufacture, 
as  well  as  for  much  of  the  information  contained  in 
this  paper.  John  R.  "Jackson,  Miiscuiit,  Royal 
Guldens,  Kciv, 


A   SYNOPSIS   OF  THE   SPECIES 
AND  HYBRIDS  OF  NERINE. 

{Continued  from  p.  779.} 

4.  N.  PL'DICA,  Hook,  fil,  in  Bot  Mag.,  t.  5901. — 
Bulb  globose,  nbout  i  inch  diameter.  Leaves  4  —  6, 
glaucous,  contemporary  with  the  flowers,  sub-erpct, 
8—9  inches  long,  \ — \  inch  broad.  Peduncle  slender, 
subtereie,  i — i^  foot  long.  Umbel  centripetal,  4—6 
flowered  ;  pedicels  slender,  i — li-  inch  long  ;  spaihc- 
valves  lanceolate,  as  long  as  the  pedicels.  Ovary  globo:c- 
trigonous,  \  inch  diameter.  Perianth  erect  or  deflexcd, 
\\  inch  long,  with  a  very  short  tube.  Segments  oblan- 
ceolate,  thin  in  texture,  scarcely  atafl  crisped,  white  with 
a  pink  keel.  Stamens  declinate,  the  three  longest  a 
little  shorter  than  the  perianth-segments.  Anthers 
oblong.  \  inch  long.  Style  declinate,  reaching  to  the  lip 
of  the  perianth---egments.  Sreds  globose. — Flore  des 
.S.rres,  t.  2464. 

Var.  N.  Elwedi,  LeichtUn.— Leaves  much  broader, 
bright  green,  more  persistent,  distinctly  veined,  furnibhed 
with  a  prominent  midrib  Umbel  more  compact  ;  pedi- 
cels stouter.  Perianth  segments  pale  rose,  with  a  d.>rker 
keel,  thicker  and  more  waxy  in  texture. 

The  history  of  this  plant  is  not  clearly  known.  It  was 
first  described  from  a  plant  that  flowered  in  Kew 
Gardens  in  1868. 

5.  N.  FiLiFOLiA,  Baker,  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  6547. — 
Bulb  globose,  under  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  pale 
tunics  produced  a  short  distance  over  its  neck.  Leaves 
6—10,  contemporary  wiih  the  flowers,  grass-green,  subu- 
late, very  slender,  subereet,  6—8  inches  long.  Peduncle 
slender,  terete,  green,  finely  glandular- pubescent,  a  foot 
long.  Flowers  8— lo  in  a  centripetal  umbel  ;  pedicels 
slender,  i — 1\  mch  long;  spathe-valves  lanceolate, 
green,  under  an  inch  long.  Ovary  globose-trigonous, 
green,  \  inch  in  diameter.  Perianth  deflexed,  bright  red, 
an  inch  long,  cut  down  to  the  ovary  ;  segments  oblan- 
ceolate-unguiculate,  ^- — ^  inch  broad, crisped.  Siamens, 
declinate.  shorter  than  the  perianth-segments  ;  anthers 
oblong,  reddish.     Style  equalling  the  longer  stamens. 

Hab.,  Orange  Free  State.  Sent  to  Kew  by  Mr,  Ayres 
in  1879. 

6.  N.  UNDULATA,  Herb.,App.,  19. — Bulb  ovoid.  \—i 
inch  diameter ;  tunics  pale,  membranous.  I^eaves 
linear,  contemporary  with  the  flowers,  bright  green,  \—i\ 
foot  long,  \ — \  inch  broad.  Peduncle  slender,  i — 1\ 
feet  long.  Flowers  8 — 12,  in  a  centrifugal  umbel  ; 
pedicels  slender,  i — i^  foot  long  ;  spaihe-valves  lanceo* 
late,  as  long  .as  the  pedicels.  Ovary  globose-trigonous, 
^—5  inch  in  diameter.  Perianlh-Umb  pale  pink,  8—9 
hnes  long,  cut  down  very  nearly  to  the  ovary  ;  seg- 
ments oblanceolate,  much  crisped.  .Stamens  declinate, 
about  as  long  as  the  perianth-segment?.  Style  declinate, 
as  long  as  the  perianth-limb. — Herb.  Amarjll.,  283,  t.  .15, 
fi'.  2  ;  Kunth,  Enum.,  v.,  621.  Amaryllis  undulaia, 
Linn.  Syst.  Veg.,  264  ;  Miller,  Icones,  t.  8  ;  Hill.  Hurt. 
Kew.,  352,  cum  icone  ;  L'Herit.  Sert.,  16;  Bot.  M.ig., 
t.  369  ;  Red.  Lil.,  t.  115  ;  Jacq.,  Hort.  Vind.,  iii.,  t.  i-^  ; 
Tratt.  Tab.,  t.  393.  H:emanthus  undulatus,  Thunb. 
Fl.  Cap.,  edit.  2,  297.     Nerine  crispa,  Hort. 

Var.  A'^  ;«(7/'(7r,Tratt.,Tab.  ,t.  394  — Perianth-limb  larger 
and  less  crisped.  N.  aucta,  Roera.  Amaryll.,  107. 
Amaryllis  aucta,  Tratt. ,Thes  ,  ix.,t.  45. 

Hab.,  Southern  Provinces,  Thunberg  ;  Cooper,  1532, 
3220 ;  Bolus,  2636  ;  Orange  Free  State,  Cooper,  2235. 

7.  N.  HUMii.is,  Herb.,  App.,  19.— Bulb  ovoid,  i—\\ 
inch  in  diameter  ;  tunics  pile,  membranous.  Leaves 
about  six.  contemporary  with  the  flowers  in  November, 
linear,  bright  green,  suberect,  channelled  down  the  face, 
about  a  foot  long,  ^—^  inch  broad.  Peduncle  slender, 
iubterete,  shghtly  ghucou;,  5^1  J  foot  long.  Flowers 
10 — 30.  \r  a  centrifugal  umbel  ;  pedicels  slender,  j — 1\ 
inch  long;  spithe-valves  lanceolate,  greenish,  about  as 
long  as  the  pedicels.  Ovary  globose-trigonous,  | — J  inch 
in  diameter.  Perianth-hmb  bright  pink  or  rose-red,  cut 
down  very  nearly  to  the  ovary,  i — 1\  inch  long  ;  seg- 
ments oblanceolate,  acute,  crisped.  Stamens  decimate, 
the  three  longer,  about  equalling  the  perianth-segments  ; 
anthers  oblong,  purple,  \  inch  long.  Style  declinate,  as 
long  as  the  perianth-hmb.— Herb.  Amaryll.,  383  ; 
Kunth,  Enum.,  v.,  62r.  Amaryllis  humilis,  Jacq.  Hort. 
Schoen.,  i.,  36,  t.  69;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  726;  Red.  Lil., 
t.  449 

Hrib  ,  Soutliern  Provinces,  from  Cape  Town  east- 
ward to  K.iftraria.  Thunberg,  Drege,  Zeyher.  Differs 
from  flexuosa  by  the  centrifugal  expansion  o(  its  in- 
florescence, and  by  its  dwarfer  habit  and  narrower 
channelled  leaves. 


8.  N.  LUCIDA,  Herb.,  Amaryll.,  2S3,  tab.  26,  fig.  3  — 
Bulb  globose,  3 — 4  inches  in  diameter,  with  the  mem 
branous  tunics  produced  round  the  neck  2—3  incht  s 
above  its  apex.  Leaves  6—8,  contemporary  with  the 
flowers,  Unear,  bright  green,  spreading,  flaccid,  a  fooi  or 
more  long,  J — ^  inch  broad,  scabrous  on  iLe  niiirgin. 
Peduncle  short,  ancipitous,  3—8  inches  long, -4—^  inch 
diameter.  Flowers  20—30  in  a  centripetal  umbtl  ; 
peducles  stiff,  moderately  short,  3 — 4  inches  long  ;  spathe- 
valves  ovate-lanceolate,  much  shorter  tlian  the  pedicel;?. 
Ovary  globose-trigonous,  \  inch  in  diameter.  Perianth- 
limb  i\ — 2  inches  long,  pale  or  bright  red,  cut  down  to  a 
cup  ^  inch  long  ;  segments  oblanceolate-unguiculate, 
\  inch  broad,  hardly  at  all  crisped.  Siamens  and  style 
declinate,  nearly  as  long  as  the  perianth-segments.  Cap- 
sule depresso-globose,  Jj- ^  inch  in  diameter. — Kunth, 
Enum. .  V. ,  620.  Amaryllis  lucida,  Burchell,  C  it. , 
No.  1969.  Brunsvigia  lucida.  Herb.  App.,  16  ;  Rocm.  et 
Schultes,  Syst.  Veg.,  vii.,  847.  Amaryllis  lalicoma, 
Ker  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  497. 

Hab.,  Central  Province,  in  the  Gariep  district; 
Burchell,  1969  ;  Macowan,  Sand  River  ;  Burke,  Trans- 
vaal ;  Todd,  Baines.  A  very  distinct  species,  not,  so 
far  as  I  am  aware,  now  in  cullivalion. 

9.  N.  MARGtNATA.  Herb.,  Amaryll,  283.— Bulb  ovoid, 
2—3  inches  in  diameter,  with  imbricated  dark  brov/n  mem- 
branous tunics,  and  very  stout  root-fibres.  Leaves  four, 
produced  after  the  flowers,  spreading,  ligulale,  obiUiC, 
6 — 9  niches  long,  2  — 2\  inches  broad,  witha  reddish  crisped 
cartilaginous  margin.  Peduncle  stout,  compressed, 
\  foot  long  ;  flowers  12—20.  in  a  centripetal  umbel  ; 
pedicels,  i^ — 2  inches  long  ;  spathe-valves,  deltoid, 
shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Perianth  erect,  bright  scarlet, 
cut  down  to  the  ovary,  i\  inch  long  ;  segments  oblanceo- 
late, but  little  crisped,  \  inch  broad.  Stamens  sub-erect, 
a  little  longer  than  the  perianth  segments.  Style  sub- 
erect,  a  Htile  longer  than  the  stamens. — Kunth,  Enum  , 
v.,  615  Amaryllis  mirginata,  |acq.  Hort.  Schoen.,  i., 
34,  t.  65.  Brunsvigia  miiginata,  Ait,  Hort.  Kew,  edit. 
2,  230;  Gawl.,  in  Bot.  Mag.,  sub  t.  1443.  ImhoTia 
marginata.  Herb.  App.,  18.  EUsena  marginata,  Roem. 
Amaryll.,  63. 

Hab.,  Sjuth-western  Provinces  ;  known  to  me  only 
from  Jacquin's  figure.  There  are  no  dried  specimens 
in  the  London  herbaria. 


HvisRiD  Forms. 
The  following  hybrid  Nerines  were  raised  long  ago 
by  Dean  Herbert,  viz.  : — 

1.  A'.  Mitcham'tct:  x.  Herb.,  Amaryll..  t.  45,  and  N. 
vtnicolor,  hybrids  between  curvifolia  and  undulata. 

2.  N.  Havlocki  x,  between  curvifolia  and  pulchclli. 

3.  A',  pulchdla  X  undulata. 

4.  A'.  Spojf^jrthis,  between  venusta  and  undulata. 

5.  N.  pulckella  x  humilis, 

6.  N.  humilis  x  undulata, 

7.  A^.  curvifolia  x  -enusta. 

These,  I  believe,  have  all  died  out,  but  the  follow- 
ing are  in  existence  in  cultivation  at  the  present 
time,  viz.:  — 

8.  A"  amabdis  x ,  a  cross  between  pudica  and  humilis. 

9.  JV.  Cami  x  ,  between  curvifolia  and  undulaia. 

10.  N.  atrosaf guinea  x,  between  Pl-intii  and  flexuosn, 

11.  N.cinwbarina  x  .between  Folhergilliand  flexuosa. 

12.  A'.  O'Brieni  x ,  of  which  N.  carminata  and  coeruiea 
are  forms,  between  pudica  and  Plantii. 

13.  N.  c-uhescens  x  ,  between  fle.\uosa  and  undulata. 

14.  N.clegans  x  ,  between  flexuosaandsarniensis  rosea. 
7.  G.  Baker,  Kr.v  Herbarium ^  October ^  18S5. 


THE  NEGLECT  OF  SHRUB- 
BERIES. 
Your  leading  article  on  thi?  head  will  strike  a  re- 
sponsive chord  in  the  thoughts  of  many  of  your 
readers.  There  is  a  great  and  increasing  treasury  of 
fine-loliaged  and  flowering  shrubs  scarcely  ever 
drawn  upon.  List  spring  there  was  a  parat^raph  in 
your  contemporary  The  IVorlJ,  which,  from  the  tone 
of  its  dicturas,  evidently  pretends  to  omniscient  know- 
ledge, stating  that  the  only  Judas  trees  in  England 
were  in  the  Dulwich  College  grounds.  Such  a 
mistake  is  almost  excusable.  Conspicuousness  on 
account  of  its  absence  is,  indeed,  the  lot  of  this  tree. 
Why  so  few  are  met  with  is  a  fact  hard  to  be  ex- 
plained. The  Cercis  flowers  almost  as  early  as  the 
daring  Daffodils,  and  is  one  of  the  first  inmates  lo 
awaken  the  shrubbery  from  its  winter  sombreness. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  lann^c.ipes  of  arboreal 
colouring  I  ever  saw  in  South  Europe  was  the  side 
of  a  valley  in  which  many  Juda^  tree:^  had  been 
planted.  The  purple  of  their  flowers  and  the  bright 
spring  leafage  of  the  other  trees  formed  a  pic'ure 
which  one  came  to  view  every  day.     Coming  nearer 


December  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


811 


home,  the  same  combination,  albeit  on  level  green- 
sward, makes  in  the  early  spring  Sir  Charles  Bun- 
bury's  arboretum  at  Birton,  near  Bury  St  Elmund's, 
an  inefTiceable  recollection.  Cercis  siiiquasirum  is 
in'^ec'-l  an  ottject  for  a  villa  garden.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  say  that  he  has  seen  Judas  trees  in  six  dif- 
ferent villa  gardens?  I  very  much  doubt  if  any  can. 
In  very  many  cases  a  new  villa  holder  gives  a  carte 
blanche  to  a  nur.-eryman  to  send  him  a  certain  number 
of  suitable  trees.  Nohody  can  blame  the  tradesman 
for  continually  sending  the  same  evergreens  his 
regular  clients  seem  mostly  to  plant  and  desire. 
As  your  leader  says,  "The  popular  taste  wants 
educating."  Another  beautiful  old  shrub,  very  much 
neglected,  is  Colutea  arborescens.  Is  it  (hat  people 
get  so  tired  of  the  Laburnums  that  they  do  not  care 
about  a  similar  eltcct  in  July  or  August  ?  or  is  it  not 
that  comparatively  few  wot  of  the  additional  bright- 
ness fcnd  charm  given  to  any  part  of  a  shubbery,  not 
only  by  the  flowers  but  also  by  the  seed-vessels  of  ibis 
Colutea  ?  A  multiplication  ol  like  examples  would  be 
easy — the  Spindle  tree  for  one.  The  Sumachs  and 
Rosa  rugosa  seem  to  be  becorair.g  popular,  and  one 
has  only  lo  see  Canon  Ellacombe's  garden  at  Biiton 
to  wish  the  same  fate  for  many  other  species  of  the 
Rose,  as  well  as  many  of  the  Brambles.  One  of  the 
most  instructive  lessons  upon  the  additional  beauty 
supplied  by  flowering  shrubs  and  plants  to  shrub- 
beries, to  be  gained  in  the  British  Isles,  is  a  thoughtful 
stroll  through  the  pleasaunce  of  Mr.  Smith  Dorrien's 
home  in  Scilly,  Although  September  is  not  a  good 
month  for  such  a  purpose,  a  list  of  what  was  in  flower 
(omitting  many  common  sorts)  on  September  7,  may 
be  reading  from  which  some  may  care  to  conjure 
up  a  mental  picture.  The  list  may  also  be  of  value 
to  dwellers  in  Cornwall,  South  Devon,  Pembroke- 
shire, and  parts  of  Ireland. 


Fourcroya  longivji 
Aralia  trifoliat.i 
Cassia  corymbosa 
Cytisus  calycinus 
Salvias,  of  sorts 
Phoriniums,      flowei 
feeds  of    nearly 


Banlvsi 


ata 


Pofygala  Dalmaisiana 
Olei  iragrans 
Habrothamnus  fasciciila'-us 
Solanum  rubustum 

,,     lanceolatum 
Dolichos  lignosiis 
*   Phvgelius  capensis 
Melaleuca  hypericifolla 

,,    pulchella 

Bupleanim  Irutesceiis 
Candollea  tetrandni 
Eurybia  purpurea 
Erylhrini  crista-galii 
Medicago  arborea 
Dipl.cusglu.inosus 
Santolina  chimascyparissus 
Clethra  arborea 
Dodonsa  viscosa 
Escallonia  organcnsij 
Psoralea  sericea 
ElaEOcarpus  grandiflorus 

C.  A,  M.  C. 


Plati'codon  autumna 

Milia  laxa 
Fraiicoa  ramosa 
Oxalis,  ofsoits 
Eucomis  punctata 
Commelina  Cisleslis 
Colchicum  Parkinsuj 
A^apanthus 
Neja  gracilis 


Lilu 


t  Ha 


Crinum  Mooi 
Leucoium  aui 
Heme  recall  is 
Dietes  bicolo 


Solanum  jasmir 
Mandevilla  sua 
Clianthus  puulc 


,,     semiglabratJi 

Rochea  falcati 
Gasteria  decipieiis 


ways  of  fixing  the  foundation  :  I  have  found  the  fol- 
lowing eminently  successful  : — Melt  a  litiie  wax,  then 
take  a  triangular  p:ece  of  foundation,  and  dip 
a  side  of  it  in  wax,  and  immediately  put  in 
position.  The  wax  will  at  once  cool,  and  .the 
foundation  will  lie  hx<(l  firmly  enough.  Then  put 
these  section  boxes  in  the  crate,  and  put  separators 
between  the  secuons.  It  is  quite  necessary  to  put 
separators,  or  the  bees  would  stick  all  ihe  boxes 
together  in  a  solid  lump.  Many  bee-keepers  use  very 
thin  wood  for  this  purpose,  as  being  warm — I  always 
use  perforated  zinc,  and  have  found  it  very  success- 
ful. Perforated  zinc  has  this  advantage— the  bees 
can  see  one  another  at  work  through  the  perforations, 
and  the  sight  of  each  other  at  work  seenii  to  act  as  a 
stimulant  to  further  exertion.  When  I  have  filled 
the  crate  with  the  sections,  and  put  them  in  position, 
I  wrap  the  crate  up  in  a  newspaper,  and  then  put  them 
away  in  a  dry  corner  for  spring  and  summer  use. 
When  the  busy  season  comes  you  will  be  very  pleased 
to  take  these  boxes  down,  and  put  the  crates  on  the 
hives.  Many  other  things  can  be  done,  such  as  clean- 
ing all  the  articles  not  in  use,  repainting  hives,  &c.  If 
you  want  to  paint  hives  which  are  out-of-doors,  do  it  on 
a  windy  and  cold  day  ;  the  hives  will  soon  dry  and 
the  smell  soon  pass  off.  It  is  better  in  such  cases  not 
to  paint  the  alighting  board.  I  hope  in  my  next 
paper  to  give  my  readers  a  few  hints  on  the  manage- 
ment of  diflferent  kinds  of  bees.  A_:^iics, 


|h^    ipiM^. 


Bees  are  now  in  repose,  and  on  no  account  what- 
ever must  that  repose  be  disturbed.  It  is  worse  than 
useless  to  manipulate  them  in  any  way  or  to  feed 
them  till  March,  whether  they  have  much  honey  or 
little.  II  they  only  have  a  little  honey  opening  hives 
would  cool  them,  and  the  bees  would  probably  eat 
all  the  honey  to  restore  warmlh,  and  would  then 
give  up  the  ghost.  But  this  is  ju-t  the  time  when 
lots  of  things  can  be  done  to  forward  the  summer 
work.  Even  as  a  good  gardener  will  now  be  pre- 
paring all  kinds  of  things  for  summer,  so  will  the  good 
bee-keeper  do  the  same  for  his  bees.  For  some  days 
past  I  have  been  spending  all  my  leisure  time  in 
getting  section-boxes  all  ready  for  supering.  A  very 
good  size  of  crate  is  one  to  hold  fourteen  of  these 
boxes,  seven  in  a  row.  I  fix  little  pieces  of  thin 
foundation  in  the  sections  the  shape  of  a  triangle,  with 
the  apex   pointing  downwards.      There  are   various 


leaf-mould,  and  one  part  decayed  stable  manure,  and  as 
much  coarse  sand  as  may  be  necessary  to  keep  the 
compi  st  open. 

We  do  not  grow  a  large  number  of  varieiies,  1  ut 
such  as  we  do  grow  have  been  well  proven  ;  'hey  .-.re 
mostly  decided  colours — rose,  pmk,  crimson,  scirlef, 
yellow,  and  white  of  course.  Ttie  best  whire  variety 
is  the  Queen  (Abercrombie)  ;  La  Belle  (Blackley) 
flowers  earlier  and  rmre  profusely,  and  is  a  good 
while.  Pale  rose  or  pink  colours  ate  represented  by 
Miss  Jolliffe  (Masters),  and  deep  rove  by  Juliette 
(Turner),  and  Mrs.  Llewellyn  (Turner) :  they  are  both 
splendid  varieties  of  good  habit. 

Worthington  Smith  is  our  best  scarlet,  though  the 
plant  cannot  be  recommended  as  of  good  habit. 
Nimrod  is  another  Ecarlet  that  has  done  well.  Mrs. 
Keen  (Veilch)  is  the  finest  dark  crimson.  Mrs.. 
McLaren  i  Fitch)  is  a  perpetual  flowering  crimson 
bizarre,  the  flowers  well  marked,  and  of  good  form. 

The  difTerent  forms  o!  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison 
should  be  grown,  but  they  do  not  (lower  until  the 
spring.  J.  Douglas. 


flopia'    |l0ui([ra. 


WINTER  FLOWERING  CARXATIO.NS. 
This  type  of  the  Carnation  is  exceedingly  valu- 
able during  the  months  of  December  and  January 
if  the  weather  is  sufficiently  favourable  to  the  perfect 
development  of  the  blooms.  This  is  not  always  Ihe 
case,  as  the  present  season  so  far  is  proving.  We 
have  had  great  difficulty  in  obtaining  good  flowers 
owing— not  to  the  want  of  the  best  horticultural 
appliances,  to  which  his  been  added  careful  culture  — 
but  owing  entirely  lo  the  want  of  sun,  and  not  only  to 
the  want  of  it,  but  also  to  ihe  unusually  heavy  stale 
of  the  atmosphere.  The  winter  flowering  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  grown  in  the  same  house,  which  in 
ordinary  seasons  are  a  blaze  of  colour,  are  also  most 
unsatisfactory.  All  this  is  matter  for  regret  ;  but 
over  it  we  have  no  control,  and  the  careful,  zealous 
cultivator  will  plod  on,  in  the  even  tenor  of  his  way, 
and  trust  to  have  better  luck  next  time.  I  would 
like  to  point  out  to  cultivators  o(  these  plants,  or  to 
those  intending  to  take  up  their  culture,  that  in  order 
to  command  anything  like  a  fair  measure  of  success 
the  plants  must  be  well  cultivated  from  the  first. 
How  can  plants  that  have  been  allowed  to  grow  for 
two  or  three  months  in  small  6o-pots  during  the 
months  of  March,  April,  and  May,  be  expected  lo 
grow  into  cood  flowering  specimens  by  the  end 
ol  the  season?  In  leis  than  a  month  we  shall  plant 
our  cuttings.  In  most  cases  they  can  he  readily 
obtained  from  the  old  plants  ;  the  slender  side 
growths  are  the  best  to  make  cuttings  from,  and  they 
do  not  take  long  to  form  roots,  i(  they  are  placed  in  a 
little  bottom-heat  in  a  forcing-house.  I  place  the 
pots  containing  the  cuttings  close  together,  and  as  at 
this  early  season  it  is  sometimes  necessary  to  apply  a 
good  deal  of  artificial  heat,  the  cuttings  shrink  a  little 
unless  protected  in  some  way.  The  plan  I  adopt  is 
simply  to  place  a  square  of  glass  over  the  cuttings  ;  it 
is  kept  just  above  the  cui  tings,  resting  on  the  ends  of 
the  labels.  This  is  sufficient  to  prevent  evaporation, 
and  retains  the  moisture  about  the  cuttings,  but  not 
so  much  as  to  cause  them  to  damp  oft'.  The  secret  of 
success,  after  the  cuttings  have  formed  roots  is  lo  keep 
them  growing  on  without  any  check  until  flowering 
time.  The  plants  are  very  slender  at  first,  and  may 
be  potted  into  thumb-pots,  or,  at  least,  not  larger 
than  small  6o's ;  they  may  still  be  kept  in  the 
forcing-house,  but,  if  possible,  on  a  shelf  near  the 
roof  glass ;  this  will  promote  stout,  short-jointed 
growth  from  the  first.  In  April  the  plants  may  be 
placed  in  a  cold  frame,  and  early  in  June  they  will 
do  best  out-of-doors,  in  an  open  position,  where  they 
may  remain  until  the  end  of  September.  By  that 
time  the  plants  will  be  established  in  6,  7,  and  8-inch 
pots,  according  to  their  strength.  The  potting  s)il 
for  these  winter-flowering  varieties  should  be,  of  go'id 
loam  four  parts,  one  part  light  fibrous  peat,  one  pirt 


ROOTS  AND  TUDERS. 
These  are  not  nearly  so  well  grown  in  most  gar- 
dens as  the  Brassica  tribe  of  plants.  01  course  it 
must  be  admitted  that  the  soil  in  some  districts  is 
unsuited  to  the  production  of  fine  samples  ;  however, 
on  the  other  hand,  when  the  soil  is  of  a  proper 
character  to  bring  the  best  results  (if  properly  pre- 
pared), it  does  not  receive  the  necessary  preparation 
to  enable  it  to  perfect  clean,  handsome  samples. 
Why  is  this  ?  I  think  it  may  be  principally  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  too  many  insects  in  the  soil — soil 
overcharged  with  humus  through  being  constanlly 
manured  with  material  which  is  not  brought  in  to  a 
thoroughly  purified  condition  by  the  action  of  frost 
or  other  agencies.  Growing  roots  simply  for  weight 
of  crop,  and  growing  clean,  handsome  samples, 
necessitates  a  different  treatment  of  the  soil.  Fine 
straight  samples  of  such  roots  as  Parsnips  and  Carrots, 
free  from  scab  and  other  blemishes,  are  much  more 
welcome  in  the  kitchen  than  forked  and  inferior 
samples. 

Depth  of  tillage  is  most  necessary  for  long  roots, 
inasmuch  as  no  direct  impediment  must  exist  in  the 
soil  to  arrest  or  turn  aside  the  main  roots.  Frost 
being  one  of  the  mo?t  active  agencies  to  which  we 
must  look  to  bring  sweetness  and  cleanliness  to  the 
soil,  therefore  those  who  do  not  make  the  best  use 
of  its  power,  by  exposing  alternately  fresh  surfaces 
of  soil  to  its  immediate  action,  neglect  one  of  the 
most  important  operations  towards  bringing  complete 
success.  There  are  various  ways  of  accomplishing  this 
work  ;  ridging  may  be  resorted  to,  or  the  soil  in  the 
quarters  chosen  for  next  year's  root  crops  may  be 
dug  over  with  the  spade  occasionally  during  the 
winter,  exposing  a  fresh  surface  each  time  to  the 
action  of  the  weather.  If  one  could  thoroughly 
expose  Ihe  top  spit  of  soil  to  the  action  of  frost  be/oie 
trenching,  and  subsequently  be  fortunate  enough  to 
experience  a  second  spell  in  order  to  rectify  ihe  lower 
spit  of  soil  then  placed  on  the  top  and  providmg  the 
soil  in  itself  was  of  a  proper  character  for  roots,  a 
perfect  seed-bed  would  be  the  result.  This  being 
accomplished  the  applicjtion  of  dressings  applied  as 
correctives  and  cleansers  of  the  soil  would  be  of  much 
less  importance.  I  allude  here  to  such  cheap  and 
effectual  remedies  as  salt,  soot,  and  lime.  The  two 
former  are  best,  and  most  beneficial  to  light  and 
medium  soils  ;  the  latter  two  on  heavier  land.  There 
yet  remains  time  to  apply  these  dressings  to  land  to 
be  cropped  in  spring  with  roots  or  tubers,  and  the 
work  should  not  be  driven  off  later  than  five  or  six 
weeks  prior  to  sowing,  &c. 

Lind  that  has  occasionally  received  a  dressing  of 
artificial  manure,  such  as  nitrate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
ammonia,  or  Superphosphate  of  lime,  does  not  con- 
tain so  many  insects  as  that  v/hich  has  year  by  year 
been  enriched  with  applications  of  ordinary  dung, 
and  this  should  be  taken  into  consideration  wiieu 
applying  dressings,   G.  //,  RidturdSf  Somerlcy, 


8l2 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

,„  _  f  Sale  of  Rosts,  Fruit  Trees,  Bulb!,  &c.,  at 

WeDNESDAV,  Dec.  30  \       s,e»,nV  Knnms 


THERE  can  be  no  question  that,  in  spite  of 
trade  depression,  and  latterly  of  the  dis- 
turbing element  of  a  General  Election,  this  has 
been  a  busy  year  for  Horticulture.  In  isolated 
gardens  in  the  country,  perhaps,  things  have 
gone  on  much  as  usual,  or,  it  may  be,  there  has 
been  rather  a  diminished  than  an  enhanced 
activity.  Establishments  have  had  to  be  cut 
down  and  expenses  curtailed  to  meet  the  fall  in 
rents  and  the  pressure  of  taxation.  But  in  the 
great  centres  of  population,  and  in  London 
especially,  the  year  now  fast  drawing  to  a  close 
has  been  one  of  almost  perpetual  activity. 
Whether  Horticulture  Jn  the  abstract  has  been 
benefited  by  all  this  will  be  seen  in  the  future. 
Those  in  the  thick  of  a  fight  see  little  of  the 
progress  of  the  campaign.  The  weather,  that 
foremost  topic  of  interest,  has  l;een  propitious 
to  us.  The  winter  was  not  severe,  the  spring 
was  no  worse  than  usual,  summer  and  autumn 
were  light,  sunny,  and  hot  ;  the  present  winter 
so  far,  at  least  in  the  South,  has  been  favour- 
able to  outdoor  work.  A  period  of  drought 
threatened  to  produce  evil  consequences,  but, 
taking  into  consideration  the  fair  average  crops, 
the  general  absence  of  Potato  blight  and  other 
pests,  we  have  much  to  be  thankful  for— as, 
indeed,  we  always  have — and  little  to  grumble  at, 
which  may  be  disappointing  to  some  people  I 

Turning    to    the   proceedings    of    the    Royal 
Horticultural     Society    as    the    representative 
Society,  we  find   it  has  had  a  year  of  unending 
labour.     Whether    all    this    work   will    tend    to 
rehabilitate  the  Society  in  public  estimation  we 
know  not,  but  assuredly  it  ought  to  do  so.    The 
fortnightly  shows   were   of  more   than  average 
magnitude,  owing  to  the  concurrent  Inventions 
Exhibition  ;   and   throughout  the  whole   period 
many  of  our  nurserymen  kept  up  a  continuous 
display,  not  only  of  shrubs  that  could  be  planted 
out    once    and    for    all,    but    of    cut    flowers, 
herbaceous  plants,  bulbous  plants,   Roses,  &c., 
that    required     frequent     renewal.       It    would 
seem    as    if    the    resources    of    the    nurseries 
must  have  been  severely  taxed,  but  no  evidence 
was   forthcoming  at  South  Kensington  to   that 
effect.   In  spite,  however,  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
shows   there    has   been,    we   fancy,    a    marked 
falling  off  in  the  introduction  of  new  and  inter- 
esting plants  (always  excepting  Orchids).     It  will 
be  our  duty,  however,  in  the  following  numbers 
to  give  some  details  upon  this  subject,  which  may 
or  may  not  con  firm  our  present  general  impression. 
The   tendency  to    give  special    prominence 
to   particular    groups   of    plants   at   particular 
seasons  has  been  accentuated.     The  Daffodil 
Conference  of  last  year  clearly  did  not  exhaust 
the  interest  felt  in  the  subject,  for  the  Daffodil 
meeting  of  the  present   year,  though   less   for- 
mally    organised,    excited    almost     as     much 
attention    as     its     predecessor,    and     evoked 
almost   as    much   literature.      Soon  after  this 
came    the     Orchid    Congress,    which — thanks 
to     the     energetic    action    of     the     Council, 
and     in    particular    of     Sir    Trevor    Law- 
rence and  Mr.   Lee— was   a  most  gratifying 
success.     How  far  it  served  to  fill  the  coffers 
of   the   Society  and    to    attract  new  Fellows 
we     do     not    know.        Later     on    came     the 
Pear     Congress,    rivalling     the     Apple    Con- 
gress  of    1SS3    in    extent,    and    equally    inter- 
esting   to   gardeners,    but    far    from   being  so 
to  the  general  public,  to  whom   Pears   seem   to 
present  little  interest  as  compared  to  Apples— 
partly,  no  doubt,  because  a  crop  of   Pears  is  a 
rarer  phenomenon  than  one  of  Apples,   which 
are  pre-eminently  the  English  fruit,  and  partly 


owing  to  unfavourable  weather.  These  con- 
ferences or  congresses  on  special  subjects,  as  it 
seems  to  us,  effect  a  great  deal  of  what  the 
special  societies  have  hitherto  failed  to  do. 
Special  societies  have  confined  themselves  too 
much  to  mere  exhibiting  and  prize  offering  the 
prizes,  moreover,  falling  to  the  share  of  a  very 
small  number.  But  these  congresses  or  con- 
ferences, or  whatever  they  may  be  called,  have 
been  for  the  most  part  independent  of  the  at- 
tractions of  prize  money,  and  yet  the  exhibitions 
connected  with  them  have  been  larger  and  de- 
cidedly more  generally  interesting  than  those 
in  which  the  prize  system  is  exclusively 
adopted.  Moreover,  they  have  evoked  an 
amount  of  interest  on  the  part  of  the  general 
public  which  ordinary  flower  shows,  general  or 
special,  fail  to  do,  and  have  stimulated  the 
publication  of  information  in  character  and 
in  amount  far  beyond  the  ordinary  flower 
show  report.  The  exhibitions  and  con- 
gresses in  Paris,  Antwerp,  and  Edinburgh— all 
of  which  were  successful — illustrate  the  same 
remark.  For  our  own  part,  the  Orchid  Con- 
gress and  the  Pear  Congress  enabled  us  to 
produce  a  series  of  articles  and  an  amount  of 
information  on  the  respective  subjects  such  as 
has  never  before  been  gathered  together  in  like 
compass,  and  which  will  furnish  a  quarry  for 
future  workers  for  years  to  come. 

Before  quitting  the  subject  of  societies  we 
may,  in  passing,  mention  the  "  Gardeners' 
Benevolent."  It  will  be  remembered  that  great 
efforts  were  made  last  year  to  increase  the 
Pension  Fund,  and  with  such  success  that  the 
pensions  now  granted  are  ^20  for  men  and^i6 
for  women  ;  and  so  successfully  have  the 
finances  been  managed  that  no  fewer  than 
twenty-five  candidates  are  now  to  be  placed  on 
the  list  without  the  trouble  or  expense  of 
election.  This  is  most  satisfactory,  and  ought 
to  give  great  confidence  to  gardeners. 

Horticultural  literature  has  been  as  active  as 
ever.  In  addition  to  the  eight  weekly  publica- 
tions now  devoted  to  the  subject  the  year  has 
witnessed  the  commencement  of  the  publica- 
tion of  two  Cyclopedias  of  gardening  — that  of 
Messrs.  CaSSELL,  entitled  Popular  Gardening^ 
and  that  published  by  Mr.  L.  UPCOTT  GiLL, 
under  the  title  of  the  Illustrated  Dictionary  of 
Gardening.  In  the  former  the  articles  are 
arranged  in  their  natural  sequence,  in  the 
latter  they  are  disposed  alphabetically.  But 
the  point  to  which  we  would  specially  allude 
is  this— that  both  of  them  are  in  the  main, 
and,  barring  occasional  exceptions,  up  to  the 
high-water  mark  of  Horticulture.  Too  often  we 
have  to  lament  that  writers  on  horticultural 
matters  write  as  if  the  world  had  not  moved 
on  during  the  last  fifty  years,  and  not  only 
give  us  nothing  original  but  compile  their 
matter  from  books  which  were  excellent  at  the 
time  of  publication,  but  naturally  left  more  or 
less  behind  by  the  progress  of  science. 

It  is,  of  course,  impossible  to  notice  all  the 
publications  of  the  year,  but  some  may  be 
mentioned  as  specially  valuable.  For  compre- 
hensiveness there  is  nothing  to  equal  Professor 
Sargent's  Census  Report  on  the  Trees  and 
Forests  of  North  America.  This  is  a  work 
which,  from  its  magnitude,  is  only  likely  to  be 
found  ir  public  libraries,  but  it  is  so  full  of 
information  that  our  English  arborists  and 
foresters  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  make 
themselves  acquainted  with  it.  The  new  edition 
of  Mason's  Burma  is  also  full  of  interest  for 
cultivators.  Of  more  strictly  horticultural  value 
are  Baines'  Greenhouse  and  Stove  Plants,  the 
English  edition  of  ViLMORlN's  Les  Plantes 
Potashes — a  most  useful  book,  only  just 
published  ;  and  the  new  and  greatly  improved 
edition  of  the  Orchid  Growers'  Manual,  by 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams.  The  Report  of  the 
Edinburgh  Forestry  Exhibition,  and  the  Dic- 
tionnaire  des  Roses,  are  both  books  which  will 
not  be  suffered  to  remain  on  the  top  shelves 


of  one's  bookcase.  Herr  Antoine,  of  Vienna, 
proceeds  with  the  publication  of  his  magnifi- 
cent work  on  Bromeliads.  Baron  VoN 
Mueller's  Eucalyptographia — a  most  valuable 
publication  —  has  been  brought  to  a  close 
with  its  tenth  decade.  Mr.  FITZGERALD  con- 
tinues his  interesting  labours  on  the  Orchids  of 
A:istralia,  and  has  brought  to  light  a  large 
amount  of  hitherto  unknown  particulars.  Mr. 
Brown  is  issuing,  at  regular  intervals,  his 
Forest  Flora  of  South  Australia,  concerning 
these  interesting  plants. 

Of  strictly  botanical  books  this  is  not  the 
place  to  speak,  but  as  these  words  may  fall 
under  the  notice  of  students  we  may  mention 
the  publication  of  Messrs.  Vines  and  Bowers' 
Practical  Course — an  excellent  handbook  for 
practical  work  in  the  laboratory. 

For  our  own  part  we  have  endeavoured  to 
keep  our  readers  au  courant  with  what  is  pass- 
ing in  the  horticultural  world,  to  furnish  prac- 
tical suggestions  and  directions  on  points  of 
cultivation,  and  while  constantly  bearing  in 
mind  the  daily  practical  requirements  of  our 
readers,  to  furnish  them  all  with  a  store  of 
permanent  utility  for  future  reference.  Of  this 
nature  are  the  descriptions  and  figures  of 
new  and  interesting  plants  ;  the  monographs 
of  particular  genera  ;  the  articles  on  the 
structure  and  mode  of  life  of  the  plant  ; 
on  the  insects  injurious  to  plants  ;  and  on 
the  diseases  to  which  they  are  subject.  These 
matters  are  treated  of  by  the  most  competent 
authorities,  and  of  their  value  we  can  form 
some  idea  by  the  frequency  with  which  they  are 
translated  in  foreign  journals— an  indication,  it 
is  said,  of  the  verdict  of  posterity  I— and  by  the 
use  made  of  them  by  writers  of  standard  books, 
as  testified  by  their  citations.  We  confidently 
look  to  our  correspondents  for  help  and  sug- 
gestions to  make  our  work  more  worthy  their 
consideration,  and  more  useful  both  for  present 
needs  and  future  reference. 

The  year  has  been  signalised  by  the  retire- 
ment of  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  from  the 
Directorate  of  Kew,  and  the  appointment  of 
Mr.  DvER  in  his  place.  We  have  so  recently 
commented  on  these  matters,  that  there  is  no 
need  to  refer  to  them,  save  to  express  a  most 
earnest  wish  that  the  standard  of  Kew  may  be 
kept  up  to  its  present  high  level,  and  that  its 
opportunities  for  usefulness  will  increase  with  the 
progress  of  science.  To  this  end  not  only  must 
the  commanders  be  men  of  first-rate  capacity, 
but  the  subordinates  must  be  picked  men  also. 
The  obituary  list  contains  some  names  whose 
removal  causes  a  great  gap  in  gardening 
circles,  such  as  those  of  Charles  Turner 
and  James  Cutbush.  It  seems  difficult 
to  realise  the  existence  of  some  departments 
of  our  work  without  these  men,  and  they 
are  not  the  only  ones.  Ch.ater,  of  Saffron 
Walden  ;  BROWN,  of  Carnation  notoriety; 
FORSYlH,  and,  quite  lately,  Protheroe, 
have  been  taken  from  us.  The  botanists 
have  to  lament  the  loss  of  Boissier,  not 
before  he  had  accomplished  work  which 
will  for  ever  render  him  a  benefactor  to  his 
brethren.  The  genial,  spirited,  and  spirit- 
inspiring  Dr.  Bull,  and  the  venerable,  many- 
sided  Henry  Ellacombe  have  gone  to  their 
rest,  and  ROEZL — who  we  should  have  imagined 
would  have  shared  the  fate  of  most  botanical 
collectors — was  suffered  to  meet  his  fate  at 
home.  And  so  in  this,  our  last  number  for  the 
year,  published  with  Christmas  preparations  all 
around  us — with  thankfulness  for  the  past  and 
hope  for  the  future — we  thank  our  correspond- 
ents and  friends  for  their  help,  and  bespeak 
their  aid  in  the  year  that  is  to  come. 


New  Plants. — In  ournext  number  we  shall 

follow  our  usual  custom  by  giving  a  brief  account  of 
the  principal  new  and  interesting  plants  brought  for- 
ward during  the  year  1885. 


JO 

o 

> 

03 

DO 


December  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


813 


The  Assistant  Directorship  at  Kew. — 

We  understand  that  the  post  of  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  has  been  offered  to  Mr.  D. 
Morris,  M.A.,  F.G.S.,  the  Director  of  Public 
Gardens  and  Plantations,  Jamaica.  The  appoint- 
ment is  in  the  gift  of  the  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Loquat  (Eriobotrya  japonica). — 

Some  time  since  one  of  our  correspondents  made 
inquiries  as  to  whether  this  plant  had  produced  Iruit 
in  the  open  air  in  this  country.  We  were  not  able  to 
give  an  answer  at  the  time,  but  we  now  notice  that 
Mr.  Chisholm,  of  Oxenhath  Gardens,  near  Tun- 
bridge,  records  in  the  'Journal  of  Horticulture  the 
production  of  a  fruit  against  a  wall  of  a  house.  The 
fruit  was  seen  from  an  upper  window  by  a  lady— a 
happy  accident,  as  otherwise  it  might  not  have  been 
observed, 

The    "Gardeners'    Magazine."  —  The 

Christmas  number  of  our  contemporary  has  been 
issued,  and  is  as  full  of  brightness  and  variety  as 
usual.  The  view  of  the  Dripping  Well  in  the  new 
rockery  at  Kew  may  serve  to  induce  those  who  have 
not  paid  a  visit  to  this  attractive  spot  to  do  so  forth- 
with, for  even  in  winter  it  is  beautiful. 

"Little   Folks." — We  have   received  the 

January  number  of  a  magazine  long  known  and 
admired  by  juvenile  readers — Litt'e  Folks.  It  is 
profusely  illustrated,  and  possesses  the  additional 
attraction  of  a  coloured  plate,  and  is  published  by 
Messrs.  Cassell  &  Co. 

Cirrhopetalum  Wallichii.— The  typical 

form  of  inflorescence  in  this  genus  is  umbellate,  but 
in  the  species  under  notice  it  is  racemose  or  more  or 
less  spicate  towards  the  top.  It  is  deciduous,  and- 
flowers  in  this  condition  both  in  a  wild  state  and 
under  cultivation.  Although  it  differs  from  the  type 
in  its  elongated  inflorescence,  the  great  inequality 
existing  between  the  lateral  and  upper  sepals  demon- 
strate its  affinity  with  the  other  members  of  the  genus. 
The  flowering  part  of  the  raceme  is  pendulous,  and  the 
lateral  sepals,  having  their  edges  more  or  less  parallel 
and  slightly  cohering,  are  also  drooping.  They  are 
pale  yellow,  attaining  a  length  of  i  or  2  inches,  in  a 
wild  state  at  least,  giving  the  flower  a  very  curious 
appearance.  The  figure  or  coloured  plate  given  in 
Wallich's  Plants  Asialkct,  67,  for  this  species,  is 
altogether  wrong,  having  an  umbellate  inflorescence 
and  flowers  stamed  at  the  base  with  blood-red.  A 
piece  grown  on  a  block  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew 
has  been  flowering  for  some  time,  and  flowered  there 
last  year. 

North    of    Scotland    Horticultural 

Association.— The  monthly  meeting  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  North  of  Scotland  Horticultural  Asso- 
ciation was  held  in  the  Young  Men's  Chribtian 
Institute,  Aberdeen,  on  the  evening  of  the  iSih  inst. 
Mr.  Peter  Harper,  the  Piesident,  in  the  chair. 
There  was  a  good  attendance.  The  "  Lessons  and 
Experiments  of  the  Year  "  formed  the  subject  of  dis- 
cussion. Several  gentlemen  took  part  in  the  debate, 
and  Mr.  D.  Edwards,  Sunnypark  Nursery,  read  a 
paper  on  "  Flowers,"  which  commenced  an  interest- 
ing discussion.  Some  conversation  took  place  as  to 
the  advisability  of  continuing  the  annual  Chrysanthe- 
mum show  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society.  It  was 
questioned  whether  it  would  be  advisable  to  continue 
the  exhibition,  seeing  that  the  last  two  had  been  un- 
successful from  a  financial  point  of  view.  Mr.  Reid, 
the  Secretary,  explained  that  the  exhibition  was  con- 
nected with  the  Society  nominally  only,  the  Society 
guaranteeing  to  give  £s  of  a  subscription  in  case  of  a 
deficiency.  It  was  eventually  agreed  to  continue  the 
show  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society.  Votes  of 
thanks  to  the  speakers  concluded  the  meeting,  and 
the  members  then  had  an  opportunity  of  inspecting 
the  fine  collection  of  plants  that  adorned  the  exhi- 
bition-table. 

Parameria  Balsam.— The  Pharmaceutical 

journal  dtivis  attention  to  an  article  in  [hs  Arciiv 
der  Pharmacit  for  November  on  the  structure  of  the 
root  of  Parameria  vulneraria,  which  is  used  by 
the  natives  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  as  well  as  by 
the  residents  there,  to  furnish  a  kind  of  balsam  that 
possesses  remarkable  healing  properties.  This,  it  is 
said,  is  known  by  the  name  of  Cebu,  or  Tagulaway 
Balsam,  and  is  prepared  by  boiling  the  bark  of  the 
roots,  twigs,  and  leaves  of  the  plant  in  Cocoa-nut 


oil,  when  a  yellowish-white  oily  liquid  is  formed, 
having  a  peculiar  odour.  From  an  examination  of 
the  plant  it  was  found  to  contain  8.5  per  cent,  of 
caoutchouc  in  its  tissues,  and  3  per  cent,  resin  soluble 
in  alcohol,  and  to  these  constituents  its  value  appears 
to  be  due.  Dr.  Zh'Pkrer,  the  author  of  the  paper, 
states  that  during  two  years'  residence  in  the  Philip- 
pines he  had  seen  the  balsam  used  by  European 
doctors,  as  well  as  by  the  natives,  with  great  success 
in  various  skin  diseases  and  for  healing  wounds.  It 
appears  to  promote  an  unusually  rapid  cicatrization. 
The  plant  is  a  climber  belonging  to  the  Apocynacere, 
and  growing  in  the  mountainous  declivities  of  the 
Island  of  Cebu,  whence  it  is  chiefly  obtained.  Only 
two  other  species  of  Parameria  are  known,  namely, 
P.glandulifera,  Benth.;  and  P.  philippensis,  Benth  ; 
the  former  of  which  has  been  referred  to  as  a  caout- 
chouc yielding  plant  in  the  Kew  report  for  1881. 

Tree  Planting  at  Finchley. — In  refer- 
ence to  the  advertisement  which  appeared  in  the 
Gardeners*  Chronicle  of  the  2Sih  ult.,  we  are  re- 
quested to  state  that  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Richard 
Smith  &  Co.,  of  Worcester,  has  been  accepted. 

St.  Neot's   Horticultural   Society. — 

The  report  and  balance-sheet  presented  at  the  recent 
annual  general  meeting  of  the  members  of  this 
Society  is  most  satisfactory,  for  it  shows  that  thg 
balance  in  hand  at  the  close  of  1S84,  amounting  to 
o\ex  £l?i,  has,  with  the  close  of  this  season's  opera- 
tions, grown  to  the  sum  of  over  ;^44,  which  is  a 
satisfactory  state  of  things.  A  summer  show  will  be 
held  on  Bank  Holiday  in  August. 

Crinum  angustum.— a  considerable  num- 
ber of  species  of  Crinum  have  flowered  from  time  to 
time  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew,  but  none  more  con- 
spicuous than  this  one.  It  belongs  to  the  section 
Platyaster,  and  was  described  in  Baker's  synopsis  of 
the  genus  in  the  Gardeners*  Chronicle,  18S1,  xvi., 
p.  180.  This  section  is  characterised  by  a  straight 
tube,  and  lanceolate  spreading  or  ascending  segments. 
The  tube  in  this  instance  is  4  to  5  inches  long,  and 
the  segments  of  the  perianth  about  6  inches.  Exter- 
nally, before  expansion,  both  tube  and  lamina  are  of 
a  deep  crimson-red,  but  internally  the  segments  are 
almost  white.  The  inflorescence  contains  from  twenty 
to  thirty  of  these  huge  flowers,  which  open  succession- 
ally,  and  exhale  a  powerful  but  not  disagreeable  odour. 
The  bulb  is  elongated  or  drawn  out  into  a  long,  thick 
neck.  It  is  a  native  of  Mauritius,  the  Seychelles, 
and  some  of  the  East  Indian  islands,  and  requires  a 
stove  temperature.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  2397. 

Xanthosoma    robustum. — This    Mexican 

Aroid  well  deserves  its  specific  name,  as  it  probably 
produces  the  largest  leaves  of  any  in  cultivation.  The 
petioles  attain  a  length  of  6  feet  or  more,  and  are 
very  thick,  but  by  no  means  proportionally  strong, 
owing  to  numerous  large  internal  cavities  or  air 
spaces.  The  huge  cordite  lamina  also  lacks  that 
firmness  of  texture  common  to  many  of  the  Alocasias 
and  Anthuriums.  In  this  respect  it  agrees  more  with 
the  well  known  Colocasia  esculcnta.  Such  a  subject 
would  have  little  room  to  develope  if  cultivated  in  a 
pot,  but  if  planted  out,  as  at  Kew  in  the  Palm-house, 
where  it  is  exposed  to  light,  its  bold  and  telling 
appearance  may  be  more  easily  imagined  than 
described.  It  is  planted  near  that  noble  foliaged 
Palm,  Stevensonia  grandifolia,  sometimes  known  as 
Phcenicophorium,  and  where  visitors  can  walk  under- 
neath the  leaves.  The  flower-spathe  has  a  green  tube 
and  a  creamy  yellow  lamina.  It  has  flowered  pre- 
vious to  this,  in  1S77,  probably  lor  the  first  time. 

Rhodostachys  anpina. — This  is  a  very 

striking  Chilian  Bromeliad,  of  which  a  coloured 
figure  is  given  in  the  last  number  of  the  Revue 
Horticole.  The  long,  linear,  recurved,  strongly- 
toothed  leaves  are  silvery-white  on  the  under-surface. 
The  tufts  surround  a  dense  head  of  rose-coloured 
flowers  of  great  beauty.  It  is  suitable  for  greenhouse 
cultivation, 

H/EMANTHUS     Baurii.  —  As    a    rule,    the 

flowers  of  this  genus  are  some  shade  of  red,  and  the 
generic  name  suggests  as  much.  This  species,  how- 
ever, is  an  exception  to  the  general  rule.  It  is  a  new 
species,  as  yet  unrecorded  in  gardening  books,  and 
dried  specimens  were  sent  to  this  country  in  1874 
from  South  Africa  by  the  Rev.  R,  Baur,  after  whom 


it  is  named.  It  belongs  to  the  two-leaved  section, 
and  is  allied  to  H.  rotundifolius,  but  is  easily  distin- 
guished by  its  broader,  blunter  leaves  and  pure  white 
flowers  and  bracts,  while  the  latter  has  a  deep  red  or 
scarlet  inflorescence.  The  inflorescence  resembles 
that  of  II.  pubescens,  or  the  variety  known  as  H. 
albiflos,  but  the  leaves  of  the  latter  are  strap-shaped. 
The  leaves  of  H.  Baurii  in  good-sized  specimens 
would  be  4  to  5J  inches  long  and  6  to  74  inches 
broad.  The  peduncle  emerges  from  between  the 
leaves,  which  are  persistent  during  the  period  of 
flowering,  and  is  from  i  to  l^  inch  long.  The  bright 
yellow  anthers  contrast  well  with  the  purity  of  the 
other  floral  organs.  A  bulb  has  been  flowering  for 
some  weeks  in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew, 

Portsmouth  Chrysanthemum  Society, 

— On  Wednesday,  the  i6th  inst.,  a  dinner  was  given 
at  the  Royal  Albany  Hotel,  Portsmouth,  to  com- 
memorate the  occasion  of  the  holding  of  the  first 
show  for  Chrysanthemums  in  that  town.  The  chair 
was  taken  by  Mr.  F.  Power,  the  Secretary,  Mr.  G. 
Ellis  being  Vice-Chairman.  Amongt  those  present 
were  the  present  Mayor  and  the  ex-Mayor  of  Ports- 
mouth, as  well  as  most  of  the  members  of  the  Town 
Council  and  representatives  of  the  principal  trades  of 
the  town  and  neighbourhood.  Much  satisfaction  was 
expressed  by  the  speakers  at  the  amount  of  success 
which  had  attended  the  Society's  first  venture,  and 
with  the  love  of  flowers  shown  by  the  townspeople 
who  had  flocked  to  the  show  in  great  numbers. 
Next  year  it  was  proposed  to  add  a  challenge  cup  of 
the  value  of  ;^25  to  he  competed  for  in  the  class  for 
thirty-six  cut  blooms, 

Primula  prolifera. — This  is  a  handsome 

Primrose,  with  bullate  leaves,  and  a  tall  central 
flower-stalk,  bearing  two  to  three  tiers  of  yellow 
flowers,  one  above  another.  It  is  a  native  o  the  Kha- 
sia  Hills,  and  is  figured  in  the  Gartenflora,  t,  1204. 

Capetown  Botanic  Gardens  —We  hear 

that  retail  orders  can  no  longer  be  attended  to  at  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Capetown.  As  long  as  the  oppor- 
tunity lasted  it  has  been  of  great  use  to  the  lovers  of 
these  beautiful  things.  The  reason  for  this  alteration 
is  purely  financial.  The  Director  writes  thus  : — "  It 
is  a  great  pity  we  are  condemned  to  mere  nursery 
work  for  a  living — but  so  it  is.  As  soon  as  we  have 
anything  good  we  must  sell  it.  Our  expenses  are 
^1400,  and  the  Government  subvention  is  .1^500," 
Mr.  Ewbank  tells  us  that  he  has  been  more  than 
pleased  with  what  he  has  got  from  the  Capetown 
Botanical  Gardens,  and  we  have  had  similar  reports 
from  other  correspondents.  Many  things  have  come 
into  his  hands  which  are  not  in  the  trade  in  this 
country  at  all.  In  the  Isle  of  Wight  he  finds  that  a 
large  proportion  of  Cape  bulbs  will  do  perfectly  well 
in  the  open  ground  all  the  year  round.  All  he  does 
for  them  is  to  put  a  covering  of  "  Willesden  paper" 
stretched  on  a  frame  over  their  heads  for  some  eight  or 
ten  weeks  in  the  winter.  This  answers  perfectly,  as  it 
keeps  the  bulbs  dark  and  dry,  and  so  retards  their 
appe.irance  above-ground  till  all  danger  from  frost  is 
over.  In  the  scorching  days  of  summer  it  is  well  to 
give  Cape  bulbs  a  mulching  of  cocoa-nut  fibre;  this 

tends  to  preserve  the  foliage. 

The  Tea  Shrub,  Ficus  barbata,  &c.,  in 

Scotland. — From  the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden, 
through  the  medium  of  Messrs.  Owen,  we  have  re- 
ceived a  good  specimen  of  the  Tea  plant,  which  has 
been  grown  out-of-doors  in  that  establishment  for  more 
than  filly  years.  Ficus  barbata  is  used  (or  covering 
walls,  as  F.  repens.  The  specimen  is  remarkable  for 
the  small  ovoid  pointed  fruit,  which  we  do  not  remem- 
ber to  have  previously  seen.  Veronica  lycopodioides 
proves  hardy  in  Edinburgh,  and  is  one  of  a  group  of 
dwarf  shrubs  that  look  more  like  little  Conifers  or 
Lycopods  than  Veronicas.  Mr.  Ware,  of  Totten- 
ham, cultivates  several  varieties  of  this  character,  and 
showed  a  group  of  them  at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  A  seedling  Nepenthes, 
between  Rafll-siana  and  Chelsoni  x  ,  has  much  of  the 
character  of  Rafllesiana.  The  ground  colour  of  the 
pitcher  is  greenish  thinly  speckled  with  purplish 
blotches. 

Gardening     Appointment.  —  Mr.    W. 

Swan,  late  of  Oakley  Gardens,  Fallowfield,  Man- 
chester, has  been  appointed  as  Head  Gardener  to 
E.  G.  Wrigley,  Esq.,  Howick  House,  Preston, 
Lancashire. 


8i4 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  18 


WROXTON     ABBEY. 

This  fine  old  place  (see  Supplementary  Sheet), 
the  Oxfordshire  seat  of  Lord  North,  lies  north-west 
of  the  town  of  Banbury,  from  which  it  is  some 
3  miles  distant.  It  dates  back  from  a  remote  period, 
as  here  a  Priory  was  founded  by  one  Michael  Belet 
about  the  close  of  the  twelfth  or  beginning  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  At  the  dissolution  of  the  re- 
ligious houses  Wroxton  shared  the  fate  of  most 
other  institutions  of  a  like  character— a  fate  very 
different  from  that  which  the  founders,  when  bestow- 
ing their  wealth  upon  them,  intended  that  they 
should  come  to.  The  Priory  appears,  then,  to  have 
come  into  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  who 
gave  it  to  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  of  which  he 
was  the  foander.  After  that  it  was  held  by  the 
Guildford  family,  through  whom  it  descended  to  its 
present  owner,  through  his  mother,  the  Baroness 
North,  second  daughter  of  the  third  Earl  of  Guildford. 
The  original  Priory  is  understood  to  have  been 
partly  burnt— the  present  noble  building  was  erected 
by  Sir  Wdliam  Pope,  and  completed  in  i6(5l.  Some 
portions  of  the  original  pile  are  still  existent,  and 
form  part  of  the  present  mansion,  notably  part  of  the 
old  chapel,  a  window  of  which,  in  good  preservation, 
is  an  object  of  particular  interest.  Wroxton  has  not 
been  wanting  in  honours  from  the  presence  of  royalty  ; 
James  I.  was  here,  and  also  Charles  I.,  with  his 
Queen,  whilst  in  later  times  the  two  sons  of  George 
III.,  who  afterwards  sat  on  the  throne— George, 
Prince  of  Wales,  and  William,  Duke  of  Clarence — 
both  visited  the  place.  An  obelisk  standing  in  a 
commanding  position  in  the  grounds  commemorates 
the  first  visit  made  by  the  elder  Prince,  and  which  he 
twice  subsequently  repeated.  The  mansion  is  built 
of  stone,  is  very  substantial,  and,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  accompanying  view  of  the  entrance  front,  has 
architectural  merits  of  a  high  order.  Not  its  least 
attractive  feature  is  the  beautiful  mmtle  of  luxuriant 
Ivy  with  which  the  walls  are  clothed.  This  grand 
old  plant  never  fails  to  add  by  its  presence  to  the 
appearance  of  a  dwelling,  be  it  palace  or  cottage, 
yet  it  is  never  so  happily  associated  as  when  adorning 
an  old  building. 

The  road  to  the  Abbey  leads  from  the  old-fashioned 
village  o(  Wroxton,  the  numerous  house;  of  which, 
with  their  Heather  thatched  gables  standing  here  and 
there  in  picturesque  irregularity,  have  an  old-world 
air  about  them  that  carries  the  imagination  back  to 
times  remote,  when  they  whose  hands  first  brought 
the  place  into  existence  moved  about  the  then  silent 
paths  with  little  of  the  whirl  and  turmoil  that  has 
since  come  upon  the  world  to  disturb  ihem,  with  less 
to  think  about,  and  more  time  to  weigh  their 
thoughts.  If  their  lot  was  cast  in  an  age  whilst  yet 
the  world  was  rude,  and  had  less  surface  polish  about 
it,  still  if  men  had  then  seemingly  less  to  live  for,  if 
they  had  fewer  pleasures,  they  had  fewer  pains.  The 
gain  is  not  so  much  on  one  side  as  it  might  seem  to 
be.  But  this  is  digressing.  Leaving  the  village  we 
pass  through  the  handsome  entrance  gales,  whi-re 
there  is  a  lodge  in  keeping  with  the  character  of  the 
place  ;  the  road  here  descends,  leading  through  a 
grove  of  old  trees,  consisting  of  lofty  Beech,  Syca- 
more, Chestnut,  and  the  like  ;  following  on  further 
there  are  a  number  of  Conifers,  th.at  here,  in 
the  deep  soil  of  the  sheltered  valley,  grow  at 
a  rate  which,  under  less  favourable  conditions, 
would  not  be  possible.  They  consist  of  Welling- 
tonias,  Cryptomeria  japonica,  Taxodiumsempervirens, 
Pious  Cembra,  P.  excelsa,  P.  austriaca,  P.  Strobus, 
P.  Laticio,  and  others,  in  association  with  Lebanon 
Cedars.  Leaving  these,  the  road,  still  descending, 
leads  to  the  entrance  front,  which  is  to  the  north- 
west. Here  is  a  remarkable  example  of  an  Ivy-clad 
tree,  an  old  Ash  ;  its  dense  mantle  of  green  clothes 
some  50  feet  of  its  tall  trunk.  The  position  the  man- 
sion occupies  is  near  the  head  of  a  valley,  completely 
sheltered  by  hi^h  densely  wooded  ridges.  On  the 
south-east  or  garden  front  there  is  a  v.'ide  terrace  on 
which  through  the  summer  are  stood  a  number  of  big 
Orange  trees.  From  this  point  the  valley  gradually 
widens  and  stretches  out  with  a  gentle  slope  for  a 
considerable  distance,  thus  giving  some  12  or  15  acres 
of  lawn,  composed  of  the  greenest  of  green  turf.  To 
the  left,  looking  from  from  the  building,  are  several  fine 
Cedars,  the  glaucous  spreading  branches  of  which 
give  an  agreeable  contrast  to  the  erect  growth  of  the 
tall  deciduous  trees  which  form  a  background  to  them. 
On  the  slope  at  the  opposite  side  of  the  valley  are  a 
number  ol  very  large  old  Elms,  and  other  native  trees 


whose  massive  trunks  and  vigorous  growth  give 
promise  that  to  the  long  ages  of  sentinel  duly  they 
have  here  done  many  more  are  likely  to  be  added. 
In  company  with  these  are  examples  of  Araucaria 
imbricata,  Taxodium  sempervirens,  and  Crypicmeria 
japonica,  the  two  latter  about  40  feet  high,  and 
growing  at  a  rate  such  as  never  seen  unless  where 
the  soil  and  situation  are  exceptionally  favourable  to 
them.  At  the  lower  end.  of  the  lawn  are  numbers  of 
big  old  trees,  amongst  which  is  a  Larch  that  has 
reached  unusual  size  ;  an  Ash  not  far  from  it  girths 
iS  feet  at  4  feet  from  the  ground  ;  several  Elms 
about  the  same  size  ;  a  Beech  with  its  lower  branches 
lying  on  the  ground  has  a  spread  of  some  100  feet, 
whilst  it  m.easures  15  feet  round  the  trunk.  Ssveral 
old  trees  hereabouts  are  overgrown  with  Ivy  that  has 
attained  a  size  such  as  rarely  met  with.  Amongst 
these  is  an  immense  Holly,  which,  including  the 
stems  of  the  Ivy  that  cling  tightly  to  its  trunk, 
measures  over  13  feet  round.  The  Ivy  stems  on 
these  trees  have  grown  to  the  thickness  of  ordi- 
nary ship  cables,  whilst  the  dense  mass  of 
green  foliage  above  has  extended  until  it  has 
formed  huge  columns  60  feet  high  and  almost 
as  much  in  diameter  as  the  walls  of  a  windmill. 
Neither  does  it  seem  to  have  the  injurious  elV;ct  on 
the  growth  of  the  trees  it  clings  to  that  it  has  the  bad 
reputation  for.  No  one  acquainted  with  matters 
arboricultural  is  likely  to  suppose  that  the  presence  of 
Ivy  can  benefit  a  tree,  but  the  reverse  ;  yet  I  am 
under  the  impression  that  it  does  not  iigure  by 
strangulation  in  the  way  generally  supposed,  but 
simply  by  its  roots  robbing  the  tree  of  the  food  and 
water  that  should,  and  in  its  absence  would,  be 
available  for  the  tree.  Doubtless  the  extremities  of 
the  tree  roots  extend  much  further  than  those  of  the 
Ivy,  although  the  latter  stretch  out  a  deal  further 
than  many  suppose  them  to,  and  lying  as  they  do 
near  the  surface  they  suck  up  every  particle  of 
moisture  within  their  reach  to  such  an  extent  ihit,  in 
the  many  cases  that  I  have  examined  the  soil  beneath, 
I  have  invariably  found  it  as  dry  as  tinder— a  con- 
dition that  in  time  induces  an  unhealthy  state.  In 
the  valley  where  these  Ivy-draped  trees  grow,  at 
distances  far  enough  apart,  and  in  a  position  where 
their  roots  can  find  the  requisite  moisture,  they  have 
suffered  little,  through  the  simple  fact,  that  the  land 
contains  enough  of  the  elements  of  fertility  necessary 
to  sustain  ihis  dual  kind  of  occupancy  ;  hence  their 
healthy  condition. 

(7"c'  be  contintted.) 


also  curious.  Who  ever  heard  of  the  "  Unicorn 
plant"?  Certainly  Marlynia  is  not  grown  in  'his 
country  as  an  esculent,  but  it  is  common  enough  as  an 
ornamental  annual.  We  remember  some  few  years 
ago  to  have  seen  beds  of  it  in  remarkably  good  con- 
dition in  the  Zoological  Gardens,  which  leads  us  to 
trace  some  significance  in  the  name  of  Unicorn  plint. 
0:her  zoological  names  are  "caterpillars  "and  "snails," 
delicacies  not  often  seen  on  English  tables,  and  which 
we  do  not  care  to  import.  .Any  inconvenience  that 
might  ensue  from  this  method  of  arrangement  and  no- 
menclature is,  however,  amply  compen-ated  for  by 
the  excellent  and  full  index  provided.  French  vveights 
and  measures  have  been  retained,  from  the  difticully 
of  expressing  their  equivalents  unless  by  means  of 
troublesome  fractions.  May  this  help  on  the  speedy 
and  utter  disestablishment  of  our  maddening  sy  t.:m 
of  weights  and  measures. 

The  editor  has  strong  views  as  to  the  superiority  of 
French  over  English  vegetables.  Had  he  confined 
his  partiality  to  French  cooks  we  could  have  more 
fully  agreed  with  him.  Any  one  who  will  compare 
the  quality  of  general  market  produce  ol  the  two 
countries  and  disregard  exceptions  on  each  side  will, 
we  think,  come  to  the  conclu-ion  lh:;t  theie  is  no 
very  great  difference  between  the  two  countries  ;  in 
some  cases — Pota'os,  for  instance — we  are  infinitely 
superior.  The  present  volume  will,  we  hope,  be  as 
serviceable  in  stimulating  among  us  the  culture  of  the 
delicious  Cardoons,  Aubergines,  Celeriac,  Finocchio, 
and  other  vegetables  scarcely  known  in  this  country, 
as  it  will  in  teaching  our  neighbours  that  Rhubarb  is 
nice.  Celery  excellent,  and  Seakale  not  to  be  despised. 
If  the  editor  could  persuade  them  that  the  ct  mbina- 
tion  of  uncooked  vegetable  with  hot  meats,  as  in  the 
inevitable  poulel  et  salade,  was  incongruous,  many  a 
traveller,  weaned  with  the  monotony  of  Watercress 
and  chicken,  would  thank  him.  But  this  is  wandering 
into  the  culinary  department,  where,  although  we 
have  no  business,  we  may  yet  repeat  our  acknowledg- 
ments of  the  general  marked  superiority  of  the  French 
practitioners  over  our  own. 


Itctitrs  of  Joolis. 

The  Vegetable  Garden  :  Illustrations,  Descrip- 
tions, ami  CiiUtire  of  the  Ganien  VigelabUs  of 
Cool  auJ  Temperate  Climates.  By  M.\I.  Vil- 
raorin- Andrieux.  Eiglish  edition,  published 
under  the  direction  of  W.  Robinson,  Editor  of 
the  Garden.  London  :  John  Murray. 
The  original  French  edition  oi  Les  Flames  Pota^trcs 
is  the  work  of  an  expert,  whose  knowledge  of  his 
subject  is  probably  as  large  or  larger  than  that  of  any 
other  individual  that  could  be  named — one,  moreover, 
who  is  conscientious  to  a  high  degree,  who  spares  no 
pains  to  acquire  accurate  information  from  all  or  any 
sources.  The  consequence  is  that  he  has  produced  a 
book  of  first-rate  value  for  its  immediate  purpose,  and 
one  which  will  be  consulted  not  only  by  practical  gar- 
deners but  by  botanists  and  men  of  science  desirous  of 
obtaining  trustworthy  information  on  the  history  and 
range  of  variation  of  cultivated  plants.  As  we  stated 
our  opinion  of  the  work  on  its  first  appearance,  it  will 
suflice  now  to  announce  the  issue  of  an  English  edi- 
tion. This  will  be  so  great  a  boon  to  gardeners  thit 
we  miy  say  without  hesitation  that  no  garden  library 
can  afford  to  be  without  it.  The  work  has  been 
adapted  for  English  readers,  and  cultural  details 
added  by  various  persons,  of  whom  the  initials  are 
sometimes,  but  not  always,  given,  without  other  indi- 
cation of  their  identity  being  furnished.  The  inter- 
polations are  clearly  shown  by  a  difference  in  the 
arrangement  of  the  type,  and  it  would  have  been 
more  just,  alike  to  reader  and  to  writer,  to  have  men- 
tioned the  names  of  those  responsible  for  the  cultural 
details  given. 

The  alphabetical  arrangement  isadopted,  asacurious 
result  cf  which  we  have  Broccoli  and  Cauliflower 
separated  by  some  eighty  pages,  and  both  separated 
from  Cabbage  ;  Beetroot  and  Leaf  beet  are  divorced  by 
200  panes — Borage  is  sandwiched  in  between  Beet 
and  Broccoli.     The  desire  to  give  English  names  is 


Indigenous  Flowers  of  the  Havtraiian  Islands. 

By   Mrs.    Frances    Sinclair.      (Sampson   Low, 

Marston,  Searle  &  Rivington.) 
Orchids,    the    Royal    Family    of   Plants,   with 

Illustrations     from     Nature.       By    Harriet 

Stewart  Miner.     (John  Stark,  12,  Busby  Place, 

Camden  Town.) 

Here  are  two  books  which  each  in  its  degree  illus- 
trates that  unhappy  facility  of  the  pencil  we  have  so 
often  reason  to  deplore.  Here  are  time,  la'jour, 
skill,  talent— money  to  a  large  extent— thrown  away. 
Those  blessed  with  artistic  talents  need  unfortunately 
to  be  reminded  that  skill  without  knowledge  is  li'tle 
worth.  The  two  books  before  us,  that  on  Orchids 
especially,  are  little  more  than  draw/ing-room  table 
books.  A  more  degrading  fate  for  works  which  have 
cost  much  labour  can  hardly  be  conceived,  unless  it 
is  to  he  consigned  to  the  fire-screen. 

The  flora  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  though  fairly 
known  to  a  few  professed  botanists,  is  so  little  known 
to  the  rank  and  file,  and  so  almost  unknown  to  hor- 
ticulturists, that  Mrs.  Sinclair's  volume  has  much 
interest.  The  illustrations  are  faithful  as  far  as  they 
go,  but  they  are  "scrappy,"  give  little  idea  o(  the 
"habit  "  of  the  plant,  ol  the  way  in  which  it  grows, 
nor  of  the  botanical  details  of  the  flo.ver.  Again,  it 
seems  a  waste  of  labour  to  figure  CD:iim')n  tropical 
trees  ajid  weeds  by  no  means  peculiar  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  and  some,  indeed,  not  really  native  to  ihem. 
This  is  the  more  to  be  regretted,  as  the  artist  has  evi- 
dently quite  unusual  skill  in  draughtsinanihip.  Wit- 
ness the  perspective  of  the  leaves  in  plate  4— Smilax 
sandwicensis.  The  text  contains  so  many  interesting 
details,  that  it  is  a  matter  for  great  regret  that  so 
observant  and  appreciative  an  artist  should  have 
lacked  the  botanical  training  requisite  to  give  v.'.lue 
to  her  labours.  It  is  very  desirable  to  preserve  and 
fix  the  native  names,  but  surely  it  would  have  been 
better  to  give  them  a  secondary  place  in  a  book 
intended  for  European  use. 

It  would  be  ungr.acious  and  ungrateful,  however, 
not  to  express  our  thanks  to  the  artist  for  the  publi- 
cation, among  many  better  known  plants,,  of  such 
specialties  as  the  Mao,  Gossypium  tcmento  \  m 
(which  does  not,  however,  yield  any  of  the  cotton  of 
commerce),  the  Lycium  sandwirense,  the  very  fuiious 
Geranium  cuneatum,  and  Ilillebrandia  landwiccnsis, 
plants  of  very  great  botanical  interest,  cr  various 
reasons  not  alluded  to  by  Mrs,  Sinclair,  but  v.hich  it 


Decemder  26,  iS 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


815 


would    have   added    greatly   to   the    interest   of    her 
volume  to  have  mentioned. 

The  Orchid  book  is  a  less  favourable  specimen  than 
the  work  above  mentioned,  and  its  plates  will  not  be 
considered  by  Oichid  lovers  as  adequate  representa- 
tions. Mrs.  Miner  has  not  been  fortunate  in  her 
seltciion  of  good  varieties. 


The  Praise  of  Gardens  :  a  Pro<:e  Ccit/o.  Collected 
and  in  part  Englished  by  Albert  K.  Sieveking. 
Elliot  Stock. 
Not  unnaturally  peihips  our  first  thought  on  open- 
iag  this  dainty  volume  was  of  George  III.,  and  his 
wonder  that  an  "  apology  "  was  needed  in  the  case 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  Praise  of  gardens  in  the 
ordinary  sense  of  the  word  is  assuredly  superfluous, 
though  in  another  sense  there  is  no  one  more  sensible 
to  Rattery,  delicate  or  gross,  than  your  gardener, 
gentle  or  simple.  The  present  volume  is,  it  would 
seem,  specially  intended  for  arm-chair  gardeners. 
"  It  is  a  natural  consequence,"  says  the  compiler, 
quoting  from  an  unnamed  source,  "  that  those  who 
cannot  taste  the  actual  fruition  of  a  garden  should 
take  the  greater  delight  in  reading  about  one."  The 
bonk  betore  us  will,  however,  delight  all  classes  of 
garden  lovers,  workers,  lookers  on,  or  sedentary 
students.  It  will,  of  course,  appeal  to  each  in  a 
somewhat  different  way,  and  the  success  of  the  com- 
pder  will,  we  fancy,  be  shown  by  the  manner  in 
which,  if  we  mistake  not,  he  will  be  found  to  have 
catered  lor  all  tastes.  He  has  done  less  perhaps  for 
the  plant  lover  proper  than  for  other  devotees  of  the 
garden,  but  we  shall  pick  no  quarrel  with  him  on 
that  -core.  The  work  is  an  anthology,  a  series  of 
extracts  from  writers  on  gardens  and  gardening  from 
the  time  of  an  unknown  Egyptian  who  wrote  some 
1300  years  before  Christ  down  to  the  times  of- the 
writer  of  My  Siim>?ier  in  a  Garden.  The  collection  is, 
as  might  be  supposed,  most  varied  and  most  inter- 
esting as  an  illustration  of  the  history  of  gardening, 
and  the  course  of  fashion  and  taste.  The  temptation 
to  systematise  and  arrange  these  extracts  so  as  to 
form  a  history  in  chronological  sequence  is  almost 
irresistible,  but  it  would  take  more  time  and  space 
than  we  could  afford,  and,  above  all,  it  would  spoil  the 
reader's  pleasure. 

Not  only  have  we  indications  of  the  fluctuations  of 
taste,  but  delightful  side  views  of  the  characters  of 
^  men.  Here  is  Sir  Joshua  interceding  for  a  dipt  hedge 
at  Beaconsfield  and  loving  "to  see  the  footsteps  of 
man  about  a  human  habitation  " — no  advocate  for 
the  abolition  of  terrace  gardens  near  to  the  house. 
Old  Sam  Johnson,  the  friend  of  Reynolds  and  Burke, 
was  of  opinion  "  that  was  the  best  garden  which 
pioduced  most  roots  and  fruit,  and  that  water 
was  most  to  be  prized  which  contained  most  fish  ;  " 
and,  again,  "after  one  has  gathered  the  Apples  in  the 
orchard  one  wishes  them  v/ell  baked  and  removed 
to  a  London  eating-house  for  enjoyment."  He 
sneers  at  Shenstone,  and  is  a  Philistine  of  Philis- 
tines in  matters  of  landscape  gardening.  Hear 
wh.it  the  o!d  boor  says  :  — "  Whether  to  plant  a 
wa!k  in  undulating  curves  and  to  place  a  bench  at 
every  turn  where  there  is  an  object  to  catch  the 
view — to  make  water  run  wiiere  it  will  be  heard,  and 
to  stagnate  where  it  will  he  seen  — '.o  leave  intervals 
where  the  eye  will  be  pleased,  and  to  thicken  the 
plantation  where  there  is  something  to  be  hidden— 
demmd  atjy  great  power  of  the  mind,  I  will  not 
in'juire.  Perhaps  a  surly  and  sullen  spectator  may 
think  such  performances  rather  the  sport  than  the 
business  of  human  reason.  Cut  it  must  at  least  be 
conlessed  that  to  embellish  the  form  of  Nature  is  an 
innocent  amusement,  and  some  praise  must  be 
allowed  by  the  most  scrupulous  observer  to  him  who 
does  best  what  multitudes  are  contending  to  do 
well."  This  is  a  fine  piece  of  English  prose  writing  ; 
but  il  the  surly  and  sullen  spectator  derive  no  other 
inipiralion  than  this  from  the  sight  of  a  well-ordered 
girden.  he  had  better  "  take  a  walk  down  Eieet 
S'reet."  Macaulay  was  insensible  to  the  charms  of  a 
garden,  and  Johnson  and  Thackeray  cared  little  for 
them.  Pope  and  Souihey  and  Ruskin  and  Morris 
know  better  what  a  garden  is  capable  of — what  to  do, 
and  what  to  avoid.  The  true  art  is  how  to  shun  such 
artificiality  as  prevailed  in  the  time  of  Pliny  the 
Younger,  which  was  revived  at  the  Renaissance,  and 
was  rendered  ludicrous  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  in  the  days  of  coloured  stones  and  bits  of  glass, 
and  to  eschew  the  absurdity  0!  bringing  the  forest  and 
he  alpine  meadow  immer'iately  in  contact  with  the 


Hall  door  and  the  portico,  and  to  study  in  all  things 
the  beauty  of  appropriateness.  How  seeming  easy 
this  may  be— in  practice  it  is  very  generally  ignored. 
For  proof  look  into  almost  any  garden  anywhere,  or 
amuse  and  instruct  yourself  by  the  perusal  of  .this 
volume. 

The  Golden  Gate  and  Silver  Steps,  with  Bits 
of  Tinsel  Round  About.  By  Shirley  Ilib- 
berd.     (Allen.) 

This  is  a  "Christmassy  "  book— that  is  to  say,  that 
it  is  above  and  beyond  criticism.  It  is  not  to  be 
gauged  by  any  artificial  canons  of  art,  literature,  or 
science.  The  author  and  his  readers  have  quite 
enough  to  do  with  such  matters  on  most  of  the  days 
of  the  year.  Let  the  readers  for  once  in  a  way  dip 
—dig  deep  if  they  like— into  this  charming  medley  of 
sound  sense  and  nonsense.  They  will  laugh  at  the 
humour,  be  touched  with  ihe  pathos,  and  be  all  the 
better  for  the  high  tone  which  pervades  the  book. 
Some  of  the  notes,  such  as  "  Water-cresses,  "  and  the 
Cotton  yarn  are  old  fiienJs,  and  none  the  less  wel- 
come on  that  account.  Oihers  are  new — at  least,  to 
us.  The  fragments  are  unequal- of  course  they  are  — 
however,  00  criticism  can  be  allowed  at  Christmas. 
We  may,  however,  assure  the  author  that  Mr.  Joseph 
Miller,  the  jester,  was  not  buried  in  Chiswick  Church- 
yard, but  in  the  graveyard  of  St.  Clement's  Church, 
in  the  Strand,  the  site  now  occupied  by  King's  College 
Hospital,  ^ 

The  Live  Stock  Journal  and  Agricultural 
Gazette  Almanac  for  i856.  (Vinton  &  Co.) 
This  is  as  full  of  meat  as  an  egg,  and  will  be  found 
a  most  acceptable  Christmas  card  to  send  to  agricul- 
tural cousins.  In  addition  to  the  usual  calendarial 
matter  there  are  no  fewer  than  twenty-six  original 
essays  on  various  points  interesting  to  farmers, 
graziers,  and  ciltle  breeders. 


name.  The  direcious  female  form  sold  as  Skimmia 
oblata  is,  however,  far  superior,  both  in  size  and 
colour  of  berries,  as  well  as  in  the  profusion  in  which 
they  are  produced,  if  a  male  plant,  generally  sold  as 
S.  fragrans,  be  planted  near  it.  The  best  way  is  to 
plant  the  female  tirst,  and  allow  it  to  grow  without 
fertili-ing  for  a  few)ears,  as  it  makes  a.  larger  and 
finer  bush  when  il  does  not  produce  berries,  and  it  is 
well  worth  growing  for  its  veiy  fragrant  flowers.  I 
enclose  specimens  of  both  foims  from  my  garden  at 
Colwjn  Bay,  I  am  surprised  at  Mr,  Webster's 
statement  that  Ihe  birds  soon  devour  the  berries  of 
S.  japonica.  With  me,  on  the  contrary,  they  do  not 
touch  the  berries,  which  remain  on  the  bush  till  far 
into  the  following  summer.  This  is  the  more  re- 
markable, as  my  garden  is  only  about  12  miles  from 
Mr.  Webster's,  and  on  the  same  coast.  It  is  not  for 
want  of  birds,  as  a  C.  pyracanlha,  growing  a  few 
yards  from  the  Skimmias,  is  already  entirely  stripped 
of  its  berries — not  one  is  left.  Is  it  possible  that  the' 
birds  with  me  are  not  educated  jet  to  like  the 
Skimmia*  Alfrei  Walker. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS, 

The  Tulip  Tree  (Liriodendron  tulipifiiRa), 
— It  is  a  pity  that  specimens  of  this  splendid  Noith 
American  floivering  tree  are  so  few.  It  always 
arrests  attention  whenever  a  well-grown  specimen  is 
seen,  for  no  tree  has  a  more  elegant  appearance  as  a 
park  or  garden  tree.  lis  habit  somewhat  resembles 
the  noble  Platanus  occidentalis,  yet  the  Tulip  tree 
possesses  charms  entirely  its  own,  because  it  is  not  at 
all  unusual  to  see  it  during  the  month  of  July  covered 
with  its  solitary  terminal,  variegated,  six-petalled, 
fragrant  flowers,  which,  together  with  its  singularly 
distinct  foliage  (the  leaves  being  three-lobed,  with 
terminal  lobe  cut  short),  should  command  the  greatest 
admiration.  A  line  tree  is  flourishing  on  Mr.  A.  F, 
Lindemann's  lawn  at  Sidholme,  Sidmouih,  Devon. 
It  is  situated  in  an  open  yet  sheltered  situation  within 
a  short  distance  of  the  front  of  the  mansion,  and 
teaches  a  height  of  at  least  60  feet.  Its  trunk,  at 
3  feet  from  the  ground,  is  gi  feet  in  circumference, 
and  the  spread  of  its  branches  is  some  7°  to  80  feet 
wide,    W.  y. 

Saliseukia  adiantifolia 
(the  Maidenhair  or  Ginkgo  tree). — I  have  explored 
most  of  the  gardens  throughout  the  West  of  Englanii 
with  the  view  of  finding  a  larger  specimen  than  the 
6ne  example  in  the  famous  rock  garden  at  Messrs. 
Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co. 's  establishment  at  Exeter  of 
this  deciduous  and  scarce  coniferous  tree,  and  I  have 
not  succeeded  in  searching  out  even  one  worthy  of 
being  compared  with  it.  Doubtless  it  would  prove 
interesting  to  some  of  your  readers,  as  well  as  myself, 
to  ascertain  through  your  pages  whether  there  are 
any  in  Britain  of  greater  size.  The  dimensions  are  : 
— Girth  of  trunk  at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  4S  inches  ; 
girth  at  base,  56  inches  ;  and  height,  as  given  by 
Kay's  dendrometer,  39  feet  2  inches.  Its  erect  trunk 
is  free  from  branches  to  a  height  of  14  feet,  and  after 
that  gives  off  branchlets  and  limbs  much  after  the 
style  of  the  Larch  tree  (Larix  europrei),  so  that  the 
stem  or  body  may  be  said  to  taper  (rom  the  base — in 
fact  the  topmost  growth  or  leader  is  wh:p  like,  and 
forms  the  pinnacle  of  a  conical-headed  tree,  W. 
Napper,     [Is  it  male  or  female  variety?  Ed.] 

Berry  HERRV  Plants. 

In  his  article  on  berry-bearing  shrubs  Mr,  Web- 
ster mentions  Skimmia  japonica.  I  presume  he 
means  the  hermaphrodite  form  usually  sold  under  this 


j40ME     -pCH.F^EgPONDENCE. 


Hollies. — The  text-books  give  the  Holly  as  a 
monoecious  plant,  bearing  flowers  of  bo:h  sexes,  and 
each  plant  consequently  sufficient  for  its  own  feitiliiy. 
In  these  gardens,  as  elsewhere,  there  are  fine  Holly 
trees  standing  side  by  side  fifty  or  sixty  years  old,  and, 
to  ail  appearance,  perfectly  healthy  and  vigorous. 
The  one  is  habitually  fertile,  and  is  now  ciowded 
with  berries,  the  other  never  has  a  berry.  Can  you 
or  any  of  your  correspondents  oblige  me  by  an  expla- 
nation of  this  sterility,  which  is  noticeable  in  every 
plantation  ?  R.  J.  II.  [The  Holly  is  polygamous. 
Sime  of  the  flowers  are  male,  others  female,  others 
hermaphrodite.  Sometimes  one  kind  of  flower  only 
is  produced  on  a  tree — sometimes  all  three  :  again, 
they  vary  from  season  to  season,  Ed,] 

Bona-  fide  Exhibits. — May  I  ask  the  committee 
of  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  through  your 
columns,  whether  they  consider  it  fair  and  honourable 
to  allow  any  exhibitor  foi  certificates  to  show  speci- 
mens of  cut  flowers  unless  ihey  are  vouched  for  .is 
having  been  grown  by  the  exhibitor,  and  no:  obtained 
from  extraneous  sources  ?  Many. are  under  the  in.- 
pression  that  certificates  have  been  awarded  for 
blooms  not  grown  by  the  exhibitor.  Should  tha 
committee  not  deem  the  above  condition  necessary  I 
cannot  help^thinking  it  would  be  fairer  to  all  that 
each  exhibitor,  should  state  whether  the  blooms  are 
grown  under  his  own  charge  or  not.    W,  G. 

Rhododendrons  for  Forcing. — R^'etring  to  ths 
request  of  a  Dutch  florist  on  p.  79J  of  the  last  issu; 
oi  lUe  GayJeneis'  Chronicle,  I  presume  he  does  n^t 
mean  the  greenhouse  varieties  of  the  R.  javanteum 
type.  What  I  would  desire  to  commend  to  his 
notice  is  the  group  of  sweet  scented  types  raised  by 
Messrs.  Isaac  Davies  &  Son,  Brook  Lane  Nursery, 
Ormskirk.  They  were  obtained  from  R.  multiflorum 
X  R.  Edgworthi  ;  they  are  bushy  growing,  very  free 
blooming,  and  easy  of  cultivation,  in  addition  they  are 
sweet-scented.  The  varieties  are  Countess  of  Derby, 
Mrs.  James  Shawe,  Lady  Skelmersdale,  Countess  of 
Scfton,  and  Duchess  of  Sutherland — all  white,  one  or 
two  ol  them  tinted  with  rose,  but  distinct  in  colour. 
There  are  three  other  hybrids  of  a  very  different 
character,  viz.,  R,  Davicsii,  R,  floribundum,  and 
R.  Pixy  Queen,  that  are  excellent  varieties  for  forcing 
purposes.  The  first-named  group,  with  their  fine 
flowers,  do  not  require  a  great  deal  of  lirc-hcat,  but 
the  application  of  this  depends  upon  the  time  when  it 
is  desired  the  plants  should  be  in  bloom.  R.  D. 

Heritiera  macrophylla.  —  I  forward  you  a  branch 
of  this  plant,  mentioned  laiely  in  the  Gardener ^^ 
Chronicle,  with  some  young  full's  on  it.  Our  plant 
is  4  to  5  metres  high,  and  seems  to  be  in  a  very 
healthy  and  vigorous  state.  It  was  repotted  in  the 
spring  of  1884.  It  then  lost  its  leaves.  The  new 
leaves  appeared  quickly  ;  they  showed  themselves  ot 
first  with  a  fine  pale  pinkish-yello.v  or  caf!  an  lait 
colour,  and  white  underneath  ;  now  they  are  of  a 
bright  green,  and  silvery  on  the  lower  side.  This 
summer  the  flowers  have  been  abundantly  produced. 
I  recommended  that  the  flowers  should  be  shaken,  in 
order  to  facilitate  ferlilisatioo,  and  almost  every  day 
the  plant  has  been  shaken  to  disperse  the  pollen.  In 
the  specimens  preserved  in  the  herbarium  the  plant 
flowered   in   1877,     These   dried  specimens  show  a 


8i6- 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  188$, 


number  of  very  young  leaves,  but  not  on  the  Bowering 
branches,  where  the  leaves  are  quite  green.  It  would 
be  curious  to  know  whether  the  new  leaves  do,  as 
they  have  done  twice  at  the  Museum,  precede  the 
flowering.  In  the  herbarium  the  specimens  grown  were 
sent  from  the  Calcutla  Botanic  Garden  by  Wallich, 
as  a  new  and  remarkable  plant.  Is  the  plant  I  sent 
you  really  and  truly  Heritiera  macrophylla  ?  Maxime 
Cornu,  Jartiin  ties  Plantes,  Paris.  [From  Kew  we 
have  received  even  finer  specimens,  with  clusters  of 
ripe  fruit,  each  about  the  size  of  a  small  Walnut.  The 
fruit  is  hard  and  woody,  slightly  tubercled,  and  with 
a  broad  strap-shaped  wing  attached.  We  do  not 
observe  Ihe  young  leaves  as  described  by  Professor 
Cornu  in  the  Paris  specimen,  or  those  from  Oxford  or 
from  Kew.   Ed.] 

The  Bracts   Falling   from  Poinsettias. — May 
not  the  heavy  but  smoky  fogs  we  have  had  of  late. 


between  the  two,  for  the  purpose,  on  the  one  hand,  of 
transfusing  the  fine  soft  shade  of  sarniensis  with  the 
brilliant  vermilion-scarlet  colouring  of  Kothergilli  ; 
and  on  the  other  hand  of  securing  a  free-flowering 
form  of  the  sarniensis  type.  Growers  of  Nerines 
know  how  shy  the  latter  form  is  under  greenhouse 
cultivation,  and  how  free  and  facile  dealt  with,  from 
a  flowering  point  of  view,  is  Fothergilli.  I  effected 
the  cross  successfully,  and  the  result  was  the  form 
now  under  discussion.  It  turned  out  exactly  as  I 
wanted.  I  obtained  the  soft  orange-scarlet  colour 
without  affecting  appreciably  very  much  the  habit  of 
the  female  parent,  and  I  also  secured — what  is  very 
desirable  in  all  horticultural  crossing — freeness  of 
flowering.  True,  the  constitution  is  not  quite  so 
vigorous,  and  the  leaves  are  a  little  more  strap- 
shaped  than  its  female  parent,  but  it  is  so  unlike  the 
pollen  parent  in  everything  else  but  colour,  and  the 
colour  is  much  more  pronounced  and  eye-pleasing  in 


value  of  the  produce  sent  into  market  by  private 
growers.  Any  trustworthy  information  on  these 
points  we  shall  be  glad  to  receive.  Smith  d-  Larkt, 
Ashford,  Middlesex. 

Stephanotis  Fruit.— A  correspondent  sends  us  the 
fruit,  ofwhichwegiveaniIlustration(fig.  1S8).  As  the 
flowers  require  Ihe  aid  of  insects  in  order  to  "  set,"  it 
is  comparatively  rarely  that  we  meet  with  the  fruit.  In 
the  flower  there  are  two  ovaries,  but  in  the  case  before 
us  only  one  has  set,  the  other  has  withered  away. 
The  fruit  in  question  is  thick  and  fleshy,  the  con- 
stituent cells  containing  nourishment  for  the  seeds  ; 
these  are  flattened  oblong  bodies,  in  shape  something 
like  Melon  seeds,  but  broader,  and  each  provided 
with  a  long  tuft  of  silky  white  hairs,  by  means  of 
which  the  seed  is  dispersed  by  the  wind.  In  the 
unripe  fruit  before  us,  however,  the  tuft  of  silky  hairs 
detaches  itself  so  readily  from  the  seed  that  it  would 


Fig.  1S7.— hursley  vic.\rage.     (see  p.  S07.) 


especially  during  the  prevalence  of  those  cold  easterly 
winds,  have  had  something  to  do  with  the  bracts 
falling  oflf,  when  we  remember  how  our  glass  structures 
become  coated  with  smutty  smoke,  and  thus  clear 
light  is  at  a  disadvantage  ?  A  few  years  ago  many  of 
our  trade  and  private  collections  of  winter  flowering 
Orchids  in  the  suburbs  suffered  very  much  by  the 
falling  of  the  buds,  and  to  the  above  cause  was 
ascribed  the  evil.     J.  F.  M. 

Nerine  Meadowbankii.  —  Mr.  Baker  (see  p. 
779)  is  net  quite  accurate  in  placing  Meadow- 
bankii under  his  divisional  code  with  sarniensis  as 
the  type— indeed  I  am  in  doubt  whether  he  has  seen 
this  form  (Meadowbankii),  which  is  in  limited  hands. 
If  it  is  allied  at  all  to  Cerroxa  it  is  in  a  cousin- 
german  way.  Its  history  and  parentage  is  this  :— 
Some  dozen  years  ago  I  had  a  fine  seminal  form  of 
N.  Fothergilli,  and  I  had  also  a  good  flowering  pot- 
ful   of   N.  sarniensis.     [I  [desired   to  effect  Ja  cross 


the  lorm  under  question,  that  if  I  were  consulted  in 
the  final  diagnosis  I  would  ask  Mr.  Baker  to  transfer 
it  to  his  curvifolia  division  as  a  distinct  variety,  from  a 
horticultural  point  of  view,  and  one,  too,  the  longer  it 
becomes  known  the  better  it  will  be  appreciated. 
yarned  Ana..rson. 

Taxed  v.  Untaxed  Trading.— Our  attention 
has  only  just  been  called  to  the  remarks  of  Mr.  James 
Anderson,  of  Meadowbank,  Lanarkshire,  under  the 
above  heading,  in  your  issue  of  the  5th  inst.  It  may, 
we  think,  be  satisfactory  to  Mr.  Anderson  and 
other  of  your  readers  to  know  that  the  subject  of 
'*  Untaxed  Trading  '*  was  fully  and  carefully  con- 
sidered in  our  report  on  the  nursery  trade  to  the 
*' Royal  Commission  on  the  Depression  of  Trade  and 
Industry."  We  were,  however,  unable  to  give  definite 
information  on  two  points — i,  the  number  of  land- 
owners, gentry,  and  noblemen,  sending  their  spare 
produce,   or    growing  especially  for  market  ;  2,  the 


not  be  of  any  service  in  this   way.     Perhaps  as  the 
seed  ripens  the  attachment  becomes  firmer. 

Luculia  gratissima.  —  At  Messrs.  Lucombe, 
Pince  &  Co.'s  Camellia-house,  at  Exeler,  a  specimen 
is  just  now  loaded  with  about  150  of  its  terminal 
cymes  of  fragrant  flowers,  and  covers  a  wall  some 
14  feet  in  height  by  :2  feet.  This  fine  plant  is  one 
of  the  finest  examples  in  the  country.    IV.  Napper. 

■ This  plant  is  largely  grown  in  an  inter- 
mediate temperature  at  Comely  Bank  Nurseries, 
near  Edinbugh  ;  a  house  about  40  feet  long  is 
filled  with  large  plants  of  it,  which  flower  pro- 
fusely in  mid- winter.  There  is  also  a  large  stock 
of  young  plants.  The  foliage  is  fine,  many  of  the 
leaves  being  6  or  8  inches  long.  The  large  bunches 
of  pale  pink  blossoms  are  singularly  beautiful,  and 
are  strongly  scented.  If  not  exposed  to  the  air, 
Mr.  Eraser  says,  the  dried  flowers  retain  their  scent 
for  at  least  a  year.     L.  Pinceana  flowers  less  freely 


December  26,  iSSj.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


817 


than  L.  gralissima.  C.  M.  Owen.  [A  stout  corymb 
of  this  beautiful  flower,  together  with  some  unusually 
fine  foliage,  accompanied  this  communication.  Ed,] 

Daffodil  Notes. — What  is  the  average  rate  of 
increase  in  Daffodils  ?  So  far  as  I  am  able  to  ju(?(;e 
by  my  own  experience  as  an  amateur,  the  greatest 
rate  of  increase  is  threefold  in  three  years.  Tfius  one 
bulb  would  become  nine  in  six  years,  and  twenty- 
seven  in  nine  years,  and  so  on.  At  this  rate  it  wou'd 
lake  about  Ihiily-two  years  from  the  birlh  of  a  seed- 
ling ur  til  the  stock  of  it  had  multiplied,  under  the 
most  favourable  conditions,  to  20,000.  The  result 
would  be  nearly  the  same  if  we  took  the  rate  of  increase 
by  doubling  evciy  two  years,  as  it  would   take  about 


probably  escaped  from  Mr.  Leeds'  garden  at  Long- 
ford Bridge.  Now,  we  know  that  there  was  a  stock  of 
it  at  Maesmynan  of  at  least  20,000  large  bulbs  in  1S83, 
when  it  was  sold  to  Messrs.  Dickson,  and  we  can  say  at 
once  that  the  origin  of  the  plant  must  have  been 
remote.  Mr.  Pickstone  stated  to  me  at  that  lime  (see 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  26,  1S84,  p.  551)  that  he 
found  this  DatTodil  in  Merionethshire  sixteen  years 
before.  By  the  quickest  rate  of  increase,  as  above 
stated,  it  would  take  that  bulb  thirty-two  years  to 
become  20.000  ;  so  it  is  quite  evident  that  Mr.  Pick 
stone's  statement  cannot  be  relied  upon,  or  else  ihs 
he  found  a  large  stock  of  it  all  ready,  which  is  the  mo: 
probable  conclusion  we  can  come  to  on  the  mat'er 
As   to   Mr.  Leeds  having  raised  Sir  Watkin  (a  mosl 


-FltUlT  OF   STF.l'HANOTlS.      (SEE    f,    ^'l6.) 


thirty-three  years  for  a  seedling  to  increase  to  20,000.  I 
believe,  however,  that  this  would  be  an  extreme  rate  in 
ordinary  hands.  The  professional  bulb  grower  could 
possibly  do  far  more  than  this,  but  I  am  considering 
ordinary  garden  work.  It  would  not  be  safe  to 
reckon  upon  the  taking  up  and  replanting  of  every 
bulb  each  fourth  year,  so  as  to  get  the  greatest  result. 
I  should  say,  therefore,  that  if  we  take  for  the  rate  of 
increase  a  doubling  every  third  year  it  would  be  a  fair 
average  basis  on  a  large  scale,  and  at  this  rate  it 
would  take  forty-seven  years  from  the  seedling  to  the 
stock  of  20,000  bulbs.  Now,  if  we  apply  these  cal- 
culations to  the  case  of  the  Sir  Vv'atkin  Daffodil  we 
shall  find  some  curious  considerations  to  arise  out  of 
it,  Mr.  Barr,  Mr.  Burbidge,  and  others,  have 
stated  their  suspicion  that  Mr,  Pickstone's  Daffodil 


unlikely  thin^  in(?ee ',  from  my  point  of  view),  I 
believe  there  was  no  Longford  Bridge  Daffodil  ready 
to  be  shown  in  flower  before  1851  ;  and  supposing 
that  an  odd  bulb  had  escaped  from  Mr,  Leeds'  fold  m 
that  year,  and  come  into  Mr.  Pickstone's  possession, 
and  that  he  had  grown  it  on  first  in  Merionethshire, 
then  ill  London,  and  lastly  at  Maesmynan  (where  I 
saw  it  in  large  clumps  amongst  Rhododendrons  and 
in  a  wood,  certainly  not  under  favourable  circum- 
stances for  the  greatest  possible  increase),  it  could  not 
possibly  have  increased  to  20,000  in  18S3.  At  the 
quickest  rate  of  increase  it  would  have  taken  thirty- 
two  years,  which  would  have  just  made  it  1SS4,  whilst 
at  the  most  probable  rate  of  increase  it  would  have 
been  1S98.  I  merely  throw  out  these  rough  calcula- 
tions with  a  view  of  suggesting  a  way  by  which  this 


question  may  be  elucidated,  and  not  as  absolutely 
accurate.  I  hope  some  of  your  readers  will  be  able 
to  carry  the  subject  a  little  further,  and  give  us  a 
reliable  basis  upon  which  such  calculations  may  be 
made.  The  results  satisfy  me  that  Sir  Watkin  is  an 
old  Daffodil,  and  not  to  be  credited  to  any  modern 
gardener,  and  I  still  believe  it  to  be  as  old  as  the 
plate  in  Hale's  Eden.    W.  Brockbank. 

Unseasonable  Flowering  of  Fruit  Trees. — 
If  your  correspondent,  Mr.  C.  Sheppard  (p.  75^)» 
wanted  to  give  a  knock-down  blow  to  the  Quince 
and  Paradise  stocks,  why  did  he  not  do  it  openly  ? 
— as  he  only  surmises  that  that  wonderful  "  pyramidal 
Pear  in  full  flower  "  is  "  likely  "  to  be  worked  on  the 
Quince  stock.  Why,  I  thought  every  one  had  seen 
fruit  trees  in  flower  at  unsuitable  seasons  before  the- 
(Juince  stock  was  used  for  Pears  to  the  extent  it  now 
is  ;  and  if  your  correspondent  wants  proof  of  un- 
timely flowering  of  fruit  trees,  let  him  spend  an 
evening  or  two  in  search  of  the  same  in  some  of  the 
back  volumes  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  ;  he  will 
tind  scores  of  instances  there  without  going  further 
afield.  Again,  if  he  means  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
times  in  Apple  and  Pear  culture,  he  must  get  rid  of 
his  prejudice  for  these  stocks,  for  to  a  certainty  they 
will  be  the  fruit  producers  of  the  future,  and,  indeed, 
are  at  the  present.  "  Tne  proof  of  the  pudding  is  in 
the  eating,"  and  I  have  had  more  than  enough  of 
Pear-growing  on  its  natural  stock,  with  its  constant 
hard  work,  lots  of  pruning  top  and  roots,  and  often 
little  fiuit  when  done.  With  trees  on  the  i^uince 
stock  much  of  all  this  is  avoided,  and  with  a  mini-  ' 
mum  of  labour  there  is  always  a  maximum  of  fruit, 
liner  in  colour  and  size,  and  equal  in  quality  to  the 
best  grown  on  the  Pear  stock,  and  that  without 
hiving  to  wait  so  long  a  time  either  for  returns. 
(K.  W.  H. 

Large  Seed  Potatos. — Is  the  inference  drawn 
from  the  product  of  the  big  15  oz.  palmate  Potato 
planted  at  Chiswick  last  season  a  lair  one'?  Certainly 
one  of  such  peculiar  form  would  have  more  than  the 
ordinary  quantity  of  eyes,  and  would  therefore  furnish 
more  than  the  ordinary  number  of  stems;  and,  planted 
in  good  soil  and  ample  room,  mi^ht  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected to  produce  a  good  crop.  <_)o  the  other  hand,  the 
greater  portion  of  large  tubers  being  of  the  ordinary 
shape  would  not  throw  more  than  the  usual  number 
of  shoots,  hence  the  produce  would  not  so  greatly  ex- 
ceed that  from  a  similar  set  or  tubers  one-half  the 
size.  Had  the  palmate  Potato  been  cut  into  five 
sets,  and  each  one  planted  separately,  no  doubt  the 
root  produce  would  have  reached  10  lb.  or  12  lb.,  so 
that  cutting  would,  in  that  case,  have  proved  a  gain. 
This  simply  shows  that  such  an  illustration  of  the  re- 
sults of  planting  big  tubers  as  that  given  does  not  go 
for  much.  Ajjain  there  is  some  slight  misconception 
in  the  assumption,  common  enough  no  doubt,  that 
the  bigger  the  seed  tuber  the  stronger  must  be  vhe 
resulting  growth.  That  does  not  always  follow,  be- 
c.iuse  it  IS  found  that  under  no  circumstances  can  a 
b'g  tuber  force  or  carry  the  growth  of  its  shoots  be- 
yond a  certain  stage,  unless  aided  by  moisture  to 
develope  roots.  Place  any  number  of  large  tubers 
and  also  small  ones  upon  a  dry  shelf  in  a  warm  house 
and  close  to  the  glass,  and  it  will  be  found,  if  all 
moisture  be  carefully  excluded,  that  in  neither  case 
will  the  shoots  exceed  i  inch  in  length,  let  the 
tubers  remain  ever  so  long  ;  thus  evidencing  that  the 
innate  power  of  the  tuber  to  furnish  nutriment  to  its 
shoots  is  limited.  Add  moisture  so  that  roots  are 
developed  from  the  shoots,  and  growth  will  go  on  ad 
libitum,  A.  D, 


GRASSES— CHEMICAL    COMPO- 
SITION AND  AGRICULTURAL  VALUE 

A  MOST  comprehensive  and  instructive  treatise 
upon  the  agricultural  value  and  chemical  composition 
of  the  grasses  of  the  United  States,  either  native  or 
naturalised,  h.is  been  published  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  in  Washington,  under  the  authorship  of 
Dr.  George  Vasey,  Botanist' of  the  Department,  and 
ClitToid  Richardson,  assistant  chemist.  As  the  sub- 
j-ict  is  one  of  such  vast  importance  to  all  cultivators 
of  the  soil  in  this  country  as  well  as  in  America, 
we  make  no  apology  for  bringing  the  matter  before 
our  readers. 

Every  thoughtful  farmer,  dairyman,  or  grazier 
realises  the  importance  of  the  production  on  his  land 
of  a  good  supply  of  grasses  for  pasturage  and  for  hay. 
Vet  this  is  a  subject  which  has  been,  and  still  is  very 
sadly  neglected  by  farmers  generally. 

The  grasses  which  we  have  in  cultivation  were 
once  wild,  and  are  stiU  such  in  their  native  homes. 


8i8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885, 


The  question  is  asked,  Can  we  not  select  from  our 
wild  or  native  species  some  kinds  which  will  be 
adapted  to  cultivation  in  those  portions  of  the  country 
which  are  not  yet  provided  with  suitable  kinds  ? 
Many  observations,  and  some  experiments,  especially 
those  of  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  at  Kothamsted,  Hertford- 
shire, have  already  been  made,  and  if  proper  research 
be  followed  up  by  the  agriculturist  himself,  there  it 
no  reason  to  doubt  that  proper  species  will  be  found 
for  successful  cultivation  in  all  parts  01  our  own 
country,  as  well  as  in  the  New  World. 

Dactylis glomcyala  (Cock's-foot  or  Orchard-grass).— 
This  is  one  of  the  most  popular  grasses  of  Europe,  of 
strong  and  luxuriant  habit  of  growih.  It  is  more 
highly  esteemed  and  commended  than  any  other  species 
by  both  farmers  and  graziers — a  most  decided  proof  of 
its  great  value  and  wonderful  adaptilion  to  many  soils, 
climates,  and  treatments.  Vet  strange  to  say,  though 
growing  in  England  for  miny  centuries,  it  was  not 
fully  appreciated  in  this  country  till  brought  here  from 
Virginia  in  1764.  But  as  in  the  case  of  Timoth)- 
grasi(Phleum  pratense),  soon  after  its  introduction 
from  America  it  came  into  high  favour,  and  still 
retains  its  hold  as  a  grazing  and  hay  crop.  It  is  less 
adapted  for  lawns  or  pleasure  grounds,  on  account  of 
its  tufty  habit  of  growth.  It  will  grow  well  on  any 
soil  containing  sufficient  clay  and  not  holding  too 
much  water.  If  sown  alone  on  good  soil  it  will  fur- 
nish two  or  three  cuttings  the  first  year,  according  to 
season  and  manurial  treatment,  yielding  from  i  to  3 
tons  of  excellent  hay  per  acre. 

It  is  a  peculiar  feature  with  this  grass,  that  it  can  be 
easily  cured  and  handled  ;  but  after  a  year  or  two  it 
is  disposed  to  develope  into  clumps  and  leave  much  of 
the  ground  uncovered.  This  may  be  in  great  part 
obviated  by  thick  sowing,  using  from  2  to  3  bushels 
of  seed  per  acre.  The  gaps  may  further  be  prevented 
by  sowing  with  it  a  few  pounds  of  Poaanima,  Phlcum 
pratense,  or  Trifolium  repens.  After  being  cut  it  has 
been  found  to  grow  6  inchcs^in  less  than  three  days, 
and  affords  a  large  amount  of  aftermath.  Sheep  leave 
all  other  grasses  if  they  can  find  this,  and  acre  for 
acre  it  will  sustain  more  head  of  stock  than  any  other 
speciei  of  grass.  Cut  at  the  proper  stage  it  makes 
good  hay,  which  is  easily  masticated,  digested  and 
assimilated  by  animals. 

The  testimony  that  has  been'collecled  from  all  parts 
of  the  world  for  two  centuries  past  establishes  the 
place  of  this  species  among  the  best  of  our  forage 
grasses,  and  there  is  not  the  shadow  of  a  doubt  that 
the  interests  of  our  graziers  and  dairymen  would  be 
greatly  promoted  by  its  more  extended  cultivation. 
It  is  always  found  in  the  rich  old  ox-pastures  of  Eng- 
land, where  an  acre  of  land  can  be  relied  on  to  fatten 
a  bullock  and  four  sheep.  It  is  admirably  adapted 
for  growing  in  the  shade,  no  grass  being  equal  to  it 
in  this  respect,  except  the  rough-stalked  Meadow- 
grass  (Poa  trivialis),  hence  its  American  name  of 
Orchard-grass. 


It  would  prove  a  capital  variety  to  introduce  upon 
railway  embankments  owing  to  its  running  subter- 
ranean stems ;  from  4  to  6  lb.  is  recommended  for  an 
acre  of  land  when  sown  with  other  grasses. 


Percentage  Composition  of  Dcu 

iylis£h»ie 

•nta. 

Protein. 

Fibre. 

Carbo- 
hydrates. 

Fat. 

Asli. 

Panicl:  not  out  .. 

'5-97 

18.76 

50.86 

4.12 

10.29 

„    dosed 

10.39 

=3.18 

55-04 

3-13 

8.26 

full  bloom 

9  53 

35.40 

53-76 

3-24 

8.07 

\rier  blooming  .. 

8.25 

27.26 

52.65 

2.83 

9.01 

Foa  pratensis  (smooth-stalked  Meadow  or  Kentucky 
Blue-grass).— A  well-known  species,  producing  an 
abundance  of  long  radical  leaves.  There  are  several 
distinclly  marked  varieties,  which  are  much  modified 
and  improved  by  good  cultivation.  It  is  a  species 
that  has  not  a  very  high  estimation  in  this  country, 
bat  on  the  marly  soils  of  America  it  is  all  in  all,  both 
for  summer  and  for  winter  keep.  It  is  indigenous  to 
mouiitainous  regions,  and  has  been  freely  introduced 
into  cultivation  in  the  mixed  herbage  of  grass-lands. 

From  the  unexampled  success  this  species  has  met 
with  in  Kentucky,  it  has  acquired  the  name  of  Ken- 
lucky  Blue-grass,  although  in  New  England  it  is 
known  by  the  name  of  June-grass.  In  all  the  middle 
portions  of  the  United  States  it  forms  the  principal 
constituent  of  pastures,  though  its  excellence  is  said 
to  be  rather  depreciated  in  the  Eastern  States. 

It  has  frequently  been  employed  alone  for  curing 
into  hay,  but  its  chief  value  is  exhibited  as  a  pasture 
grass.  It  endures  the  frosts  of  winter  better  than 
most,  and  its  long  narrow  leaves  grow  in  such  pro- 
fusion that  on  rich  soils  it  covers  the  ground  with 
most  luxurious  foliage,  but  on  poor  sandy  land  it  de- 
generatessadly. 


Percentage  Compt 

sition  oj 

Poa  prate 

.j/i. 

Protein. 

Fibre. 

Carbo- 
hydrates. 

Fat. 

Ash. 

Panicle  lust  visible 
,,     spreading    .- 
In  full  bloom 
In  seed       .. 

ig.88 
12.49 

.8.43 
22.83 
23.76 
24-34 

48  74 
5..32 
5'-43 

S'-S4 

4.88 
407 
3.90 
425 

8.07 
5.5' 
8.30 

6.38 

Poi  trivialis  (rough-stalked  Meadow-grass).— This 
species  much  resembles  P.  pratensis,  but  is  chie8y 
distinguished  by  its  fibrous  roots,  whereas  P.  praten- 
sis produces  runners  from  the  root-stock,  and  is  clas- 
sified as  one  of  the  Couch-grasses.  P.  trivialis  has 
been  but  little  cultivated  by  itself,  nor  is  it  adapted 
for  that  purpose;  it,  however,  forms  an  excellent 
pasture  grass  in  mixed  herbage,  especially  in  shady 
meadows  and  by  the  borders  of  streams  ;  it  imparts 
a  lively  green,  and  is  very  useful  in  lawns  and 
pleasure  grounds. 

Phkum  pratense  (Timothy  or  Cat's-tail  grass)  is 
one  of  the  commonest  and  best  known  grasses.  For 
a  hay  crop  it  is  perhaps  the  most  valuable.  The 
height  of  the  plant  depends  on  soil  and  cultivation  ; 
in  poor  ground  it  may  be  reduced  to  one  foot,  while 
in  good  deep  loam  it  readily  attains  to  3  or  4  feet, 
and  in  the  United  States  it  is  said  to  occasionally 
grow  to  twice  that  height.  It  is  a  perennial  grass,  with 
librous  roots,  but  the  base  of  the  culm  is  sometimes 
thickened  and  inclined  to  be  bulbous.  About  the 
year  1720  it  was  taken  to  Maryland  by  Timothy 
Hanson,  and  received  the  name  of  Timothy-grass.  It 
is  now  the  favourite  and  prevailing  meadow-grass 
over  a  large  part  of  the  United  Sates.  As  a  crop  to 
cut  for  hay  it  is  probably  unsurpassed  by  any  other 
species.  Though  somewhat  coarse  and  hard,  espe- 
cially if  allowed  to  ripen  seed,  yet  if  cut  in  blossom, 
or  directly  after,  it  is  greatly  relished  by  all  kinds  of 
stock,  and  especially  by  horses.  The  following  table 
shows  it  to  contain  3  large  amount  of  nutritive 
matter  :  — 

Percentage  Composition  oJ  Phtettin  pratense. 


Protein. 

Fibre. 

Carbo- 
hydrates. 

Fat. 

Ash. 

Inleafon-y 

12  54 

79  91 

54  3' 

456 

8  63 

Flowering    -    spikes 

visible 

11.90 

21.03 

57.26 

3.40 

641 

Before  blooming    ,. 

IO-33 

22.03 

54- "9 

3-63 

9.82 

In  early  bloom 

10.20 

22.;o 

57.2> 

3-85 

6.04 

In  full  bloom 

9.90 

2i.93 

58.93 

3-58 

5  65 

Early  seeds.. 

.2..0 

22.90 

Sl-07 

340 

■0-53 

We  shall  hope  to  continue  the  subject  on  a  future 
occasion,  yohn  y,  Wiliis,  Harpenden. 


©fittuars* 

We  regret  to  announce  the 'painfully  sudden  death 
ofMr.  Edward  K.  Harrison,  the  publisher,  of  Merton 
House,  Salisbury  Square,  the  principal  proprietor  of 
The  Yoitfi^Q  Lotiy's  Journal.  It  fs  only  a  few  months 
since  a  notice  of  Mr.  Harrison's  beautiful  collection 
of  Orchids  at  Shortlands  appeared  in  those  columns, 
he  being  a  most  ardent  horticulturist,  and  his 
extensive  grounds  and  ranges  of  glass  being  the 
receptacles  of  much  that  was  new  and  beautiful  in 
the  floral  world.  In  accordance  with  the  popular 
taste  Crysanthemums  formed  regularly  a  very  striking 
autumn  display — one  whose  beauty  was  remark- 
able, the  selection  embracing  all  that  was  worthy 
of  the  grower's  care. 

Mr.  Alexander  Protheroe.— It  is  with 

much  regret  that  we  announce  the  death,  on  the  gb 
inst.,  of  Mr.  Alexander  Protheroe,  in  his  eighty- 
second  year.  Mr,  Protheroe  was  brought  up  by  his 
uncle,  Mr,  Thomas  Jenkins,  the  owner  of  the  once 
famous  nurseries  at  Regent's  Park,  and  to  which 
business  he  would  in  all  probability  have  succeeded 
had  he  chosen  to  remain  with  his  uncle.  Old  Mr. 
Jenkins'  strict  disciplinarianism,  however,  was  too 
severe  for  his  nephew,  who  left  to  start  affairs 
on  his  own  account.  He  commenced  business 
as  a  horticultural  auctioneer  and  valuer,  and 
with     his     knowledge    of     plants     he    soon     suc- 


ceeded in  establishing  a  reputation.  Mr.  Protheroe 
continued  to  sell  and  value  for  nearly  forty  years. 
About  sixteen  years  ago  he  handed  over  this  branch 
of  the  business  to  Mr.  G.  F,  Morris  and  to  his  son 
Mr.  W.  H.  Protheroe,  who  continued  to  cany  the 
business  on  under  the  old  name.  Mr,  Protheroe  then 
devoted  his  attention  to  his  nurseries  at  L';ylonstone, 
and  continued  in  harness  to  the  end. 


Variorum. 

A  Christ.mas  Rose.— The  following  piice  of  folk- 
lore is  quite  new  to  me,  and  may  be  so  to  most  of 
your  correspondents  :  —  "  Our  maid  Betty  tells  me, 
that  if  I  go  backwaidi  without  speaking  a  word  into 
the  garden  upon  Midsummer  Eve,  and  gather?.  Rose, 
and  keep  it  in  a  clean  sheet  of  paper,  without  looking 
at  it,  till  Christmas  Day,  it  will  be  as  fresh  as  in 
June  ;  and  if  I  then  slick  it  in  my  bosom,  he  that  is 
to  be  my  husband  will  come  and  take  it  out."  F.  C. 
Birkhcck  Terryf  in  "  A'oles  and  Queries." 

Oranges  and  Lemons  in  Sicily,  — Regarding 
the  development  of  the  green  fruit  trade  in  Sicily,  it  is 
stated  that  efforts  have  recently  been  made  to  form  an 
Association  to  further  its  growth.  Within  the  last  few 
years  this  traffic,  which  is  so  important  to  the  i^land, 
has  suff.-red  considerably.  The  fruit  markets  of  the 
United  States,  of  England,  and  of  the  Adriatic,  have 
been  overstocked  by  a  superabundance  of  Oranges 
and  Lemons  supplied  to  them  from  Spain  and 
Portugal,  as  well  as  Sicily,  and  in  the  United  States 
this  trade  will  eventually  sulfjr  still  more  from  the 
rivalry  which  California  is  creating.  It  is  to  be 
hoped,  for  the  interests  of  the  grower  of  Oranges  and 
Lemons,  of  the  trader  in  these  aiticles,  as  well  as  lor 
those  of  the  shipowners,  mouly  Entili^h,  who  are 
engaged  in  this  particular  trade,  that  the  ttf  jris  now 
being  made  to  give  a  more  healthy  tone  to  this  branch 
of  trade  may  be  successful.  Success  very  much  de- 
pends on  selection  of  the  fruit,  its  speedy  transmissi<m 
to  its  destination,  and  rcgulaiity  in  reaching  the 
same,  so  as  to  avoid  overslocUiiig  the  maiket. 
Amongst  the  commercial  transactions  the  Association 
proposes  to  make  is  to  establish  agencies  in  different 
parts  of  ihe  world,  and  to  eitahlish  factories  for  the 
manufacture  of  L-mon-iuice  and  other  essences.  In 
November,  1SS4.  eight  steamships  lelt  the  port  of 
Palermo  for  the  United  S:aies  laden  with  green  fruit, 
numbering  24.S11  boxes  of  Oranges,  and  47,269  boxes 
of  Lemons,  being  4603  boxes  of  Oranges  less,  ai.d 
11,903  boxes  of  Lrmuns  mote,  than  in  the  same 
month  in  1SS3.  In  December,  1884,  thirteen  steam- 
ships left  the  port  of  Palermo  for  the  United  States 
with  green  fruit  on  board  they  loaded  at  the  above 
port,  besides  the  fruit  they  had  taken  on  board  at 
other  ports  in  the  island,  80,29^  boxes  of  Oia-iges, 
and  54,191  boxes  of  Lemons,  showing,  as  compared 
with  the  same  month  in  1SS3,  a  diminution  of  40, 185 
boxes  of  Oranges,  and  63,234  boxes  of  Lemons.  The 
green  fruit  crop  of  Spain  having  totally  failed,  it  is 
hoped  that  Sicily  will  reap  the  benefit  of  this  disaster, 
and  towards  the  beginning  of  the  present  year  piicrs 
had  gone  up  in  England,  In  January  last  sixletn 
British  steamships  and  two  Italian  vessels  were  em- 
ployed in  the  fruit  trade  with  the  United  Stairs, 
carrying  a  total  of  54,778  boxes  of  Oranges,  and 
62,359  boxes  of  Lemons  from  Palermo;  a  diminution 
of  55,416  boxes  of  Oranges,  and  62,359  boxes  of 
Lemons,  The  exporters  thus  have  kept  back  thtir 
producCj  and  not  overstocked  the  market.  While 
the  preceding  facts  come  from  the  British  Consul  in 
Palermo  \'ice-Coosul  Franck,  of  Catania,  says,  undtr 
the  head  of  Oranges  and  Lemons  :  —  "  These  im- 
portant products,  which  a  few  years  ago  promised  to 
become  a  branch  of  commercial  resource  to  the  island, 
have  proved  instead  a  failure  to  all  those  who  turned 
their  fields  and  grounds  to  Orange  and  Lemcn 
groves.  Prices  in  America  (the  chief  country  where 
exported)  are  so  very  low  that  it  is  more  convenient 
for  the  producers  to  let  the  fruit  rot  on  the  tree  than 
to  go  to  the  expense  of  packing  it  up  for  exportation." 

Vegetable  Glass-Paper. — Under  the  name  of 
"Ursasa"  the  leaves  of  Ficus  a.^perifolia,  Miq.,  are 
used  by  the  natives  in  Zinzibar  for  polishing  sticks. 
As  the  specific  name  indicates,  the  surface  of  these 
leaves  are  very  rough,  and  it  is  on  this  account  that 
they  are  used  for  the  same  purpose  as  we  use  glass- 
paper.  Some  of  these  leaves  having  been  sent  to 
Kew  by  Sir  John  Kirk,  I  submitted  them  to  Mr. 
Rijbson  J,   Scott,    the   well-known   Boxwood   block 


December  26,  1885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


819 


maker,  of  Whitefriars  Street,  for  his  opinion  as  to  the 
probability  of  their  being  found  useful  in  producing  a 
surface  to  the  engravers'  blocks.  To  this  Mr.  Scott 
replied  that  they  could  not  compete  with  glass-paper 
at  twenty-four  sheets  for  9</,,  which  has  an  uniform 
and  durable  surface.  The  difference  between  the 
action  of  the  glass-paper  and  the  Fig  leaves  is,  that  the 
former  abrades  the  surface  of  the  wood,  while  the 
latter  only  polishes  it,  showing  that  the  cutting  par- 
ticles on  the  leaf  must  be  very  fine.  John  R.  Jack- 
son, Museum,  Kcw. 

The  Cultivation  ok  Useful  Plants  in  Tene- 
RiFFE. — A  recent  commarcial  report  from  Tenerifte 
says  that  the  great  desideratum  of  the  island  is  the  dis- 
covery of  some  agricultural  product  to  replace  the 
"Tunira,"  or  Cochineal  Cactus.  A  few  though 
feebjf  attempts  were,  however,  made  during  the  year 
in  cultivating  fibre-yielding  plants,  such  as  the  Aloe, 
&c.,  which,  although  growing  in  wild  profusion  all 
over  the  land  without  care  or  culture,  and  requiring  no 
outlay  of  capital,  cime  to  nothing  beyond  making  use 
of  the  tall  pole-like  stem;,  which  grow  to  a  height  of 
12  to  15  feet,  and  when  cut  down  and  dried  are  split 
for  water-pipes  or  courses  for  irrigi'ing  and  other 
purposes,  or  as  props  of  all  kinds.  The  Sugar-cane, 
Coftie  and  Tobacco,  continue  to  be  successfully  culti- 
vated, still  the  yields  are  too  insignificant  to  contri- 
bute as  articles  of  export,  with  the  exception  of  some 
Tobacco,  which  is  shipped  to  Spain.  Sugar  is  being 
manufactured  both  in  Teneriffe  and  at  Grand  Canary, 
but  as  yet  only  for  local  consumption,  while  Coffee  is 
consumed  chiefly  by  the  growers  themselves. 


%\t  mm\\tx. 


Hygrorae- 
trical    De- 

1 

Baboueter 

Tempehatuke  Of 
THE  Air. 

ductions 

Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

Wind. 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reauced  to 

3a°  Fahr. 

Departure  from 
Average  of 
18  years. 

1^ 

On 
> 

°X5 

i 

1 

Dec    1    In. 

In.  :  0  j  . 

- 

1   0 

In. 

16      3a  30 

-H0  49  4S0J3>.o 

14.6 

38  7|-3  0j35.8 

=-{,lfi 

0.01 

17 

30-3' 

H-0  49  49-1  390 

.0.1 

4S.S  -1-  S.<  44.3 

9S       S.S.E. 

0.02 

18 

3031 

4-0.48  46.oJ4».C) 

4.0 

44.> M-  3.9J43.9 

^{lE.lk 

3.00 

30.07 
2996 

+0.34 
-fo.13 

38.6370 

t.6 
7-3 

3771-  3-3 

3S.9 
40.1 

53{lE.li. 
95     1     S.E. 

9  00 

44.0U7 

41  3 -I-  1.6 

,co 

Ji 

29.96 

+..,47.s|4d.4 

7." 

44  6,-t-  S3i4>.6 

».  J     S.W.  : 
'n,   S.SE. 

3.00 

» 

30.14 

-fa3o,46.a4'>.o 

63 

43  o-f  4.3 

39  9 

"'t  N.  NW, 

3,02 



— ^^, , 



1 



— ^ ' 

~—. 

Mean  30.  *5' 

4-a32J4S.a;38.o 

7.3 

4i.i'+  3.3 

4-  53  lib"':! 

'.OS 

Dec.  r6.— Very  fine  day. 

—  17.  -Dull  day  ;  darkness  from  n 

night. 

—  18. — Dull  day;  misiy. 

—  ig. — Dull  day. 

—  20.— Dull  day, 

—  21. — Dull  day:  misty  at  night. 

—  r:'. — Dull  day  ;  nusty. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  December  19  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.32 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week  to  30.24  inches 
by  5  p,M.  on  the  13th,  increased  to  30.40  inches  by 
9  P.M.,  and  decreased  to  30. 3S  inches  by  \  v  m.  on 
the  14th,  increased  to  30.53  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the 
I5ih,  and  was  30  21  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.41  inches,  being 
0.25  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.40  inch  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  49".  I,  on  the  17th  ;  on  the 
igih  the  highest  temperature  was  3S".6  The  mean 
of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  44°.  9. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  31°  on  the  l6th,  on  the 
18th  the  lowest  temperature  was  42^  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  37'. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
14',  on  the  i6th  ;  the  smallest  on  the  19th  was  r,6. 


The  general  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  7*.  9. 
The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  13th,  39'.2  ; 
on  the  14th,  43°.  I  ;  on  the  15th,  42°.6  ;  on  the  i6th, 
3S°.7  ;  on  the  17th,  45°.5  ;  on  the  i8th,  44°.! ;  and  on 
the  19th,  37°.7  ;  of  these  the  14th,  I5ih,  17th,  and 
\%\\\  were  above  their  averages  by  2". 4,  l^.g.  5''»  ^^^ 
3^9  respectively,  the  rest  were  below  by  l°.4,  2", 
ane  2°. 3  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  4i°.6, 
being  9°. 6  higher  than  last  week,  and  l".!  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  67",  on  the  1 5ih.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  S2°.7. 

Z^dirt.— Rain  fell  on  three  days,  to  the  amount  ol 
0.04  inch. 

England  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  19  the  highest  temperatures  were  56', 
at  Newcastle,  54  at  Truro  and  Leeds;  the  highest 
at  Preston  was  48",  at  Bradford  48°. 8,  at  BlacUhealh 
49^1.     The  general  mean  was  51*.  3. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  29'.  6  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 30"*  at  Cambridge,  31' at  Biackheath  ;  the 
lowest  at  Newcastle  was  38',  at  Leeds  37°,  at  Brad- 
lord  36^8.     The  general  mean  was  '^'^^d. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  21**. 6,  at  Cambridge, 
20*.9  at  Nottingham,  20^.4  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the 
least  ranges  were  12''  at  Bradford,  \^  at  Preston, 
16'. 9  at  Bolton.     The  general  mean  was  17°. 0. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures 
was  highest  at  Truro,  51°. 4,  at  Plymouth  49". 6, 
at  Leeds  48°. 7,  at  Biackheath  the  highest  was  44". 9, 
at  Wolverhampton  45 ',2,  at  Bjllon  45*^.5,  The 
general  mean  was  47.  i. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  43°. 3,  at  Plymouth  40°  ;  at  Liverpool 
4o°.5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  34^7,  at 
Nottingham  36^2,  at  Bolton  36°.5.  .  The  general 
mean  was  3S°.5. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Nottingham, 
I0^6,  at  Wolverhampton  10^5,  at  Bristol  10".  I, 
and  was  least  at  Liverpool,  6'.  5,  at  Bradford  6°.7, 
at  Preston  7'.!.     The  general  mean  was  8°. 6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  47". 3, 
at  Plymouth  4S''.3,  at  Newcastle  44" ;  and  was  lowest 
at  Wolverhampton,  40',  at  Bolton  41°,  at  Notting- 
ham 41*. 5.     The  general  mean  was  42^.8. 

Rain. — The  largest  fails  were  o.  iS  inch  at  Bristol, 
o.ii  inch  at  Preston,  o.io  inch  at  Nottingham. 
The  smallest  falls  were  o  04  inch  at  Plymouth, 
Biackheath,  and  Wolverhamton,  o  05  inch  at  Brighton 
and  Cambridge.  The  general  mean  was  O.06  inch. 
No  rain  fell  at  Bradford  and  Leeds. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

*  Our  Telegraphic  Address. — Our  corresponaents 
are  rcqitcitcd  to  bear  in  mind  that  in  pursuance  of 
the  new  telegraph  regulations  our  Registered  Tele- 
graphic Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London," 
Gardchron  deing  written  as  one  word.  Tele- 
^rams  {but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  zvill  reach  the 
Editor  or  the  Publisher  withoiit  other  address  being 
needed  than.  "Gardchron,  London." 


Australian  Holly:  J.  T.  M.  The  so-called  native 
Holly  of  Australia  is  Lomaria  iiicifolia  ;  of  course,  it 
has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  Holly,  but  that 
is  a  peculiarity  of  popular  names. 

Books  :  A*.  W.  A.,  Natal.  Refugium  Botanicum  (Van 
Voorst,  Paternoster  Row). — G.  L.  Tht  Clematis  as  a 
Garden  Flower,  by  Moore  and  Jackman  {J.  Murray, 
iind  Woking  Nursery.  Surrey).—  J.  Beattie.  Get 
British  Apples,  published  by  Macmillan  k  Co.,  2r.  6i/., 
paper— there  is  no  cloth  edition. 

Early  Daffodils:  Collins  Bros.'  a?id  Gabriel. — The 
flowers  of  Narcissus  pallidas  proecox  were  very  nice, 
and  acceptable  for  the  season. 

Horticultural  Society  :  H.  Mohbs.  According  to 
the  rules  before  us  tliere  is  a  clear  distinction  laid  down 
between  "  annual  subscribers  "  and  "  ordinary  and  cot- 
tager  members."  Again,  the  committee  is  ordered  to 
consist  of  twelve  "  members,"  and  the  mode  of  elect- 
ing such  "members"  is  also  specified.  We  are, 
therefore,  of  opinion  that  no  annual  subscriber  can  be 
made  a  member  of  the  committee  unless  he  becomes 
a  member  according  to  the  provisions  of  rule  6.  We 
can  find  no  trace  of  the  reeipt  of  your  fruiL 

Names  of  Plants  :  \V.  S.  i,  Thuiopsis  borealis  ;  2, 
Relinospora  obtusa  ;  3.  Juniperus  virginiana  ;  4,  a 
Juniper,  which  we  cannot  name.  —  W,  F.  B.  .^s  far 
as  we  can  tell,  Amaryllis  fulgida. 

Pear  Conference;  Errata.  In  giving  the  return  of 
the  exhibits  received  from  the  various  counties  those 


of  Dorset  were  omitted — the  magnificent  collection 
of  112  dishes  exhibited  by  Mr.  Pragnell  having  been 
included  in  those  of  Devonshire.  For  Lord  Chester 
field,  Derbyshire,  read  I^ord  Chesterfield,  Hereford- 
shire.  A.  F.  B. 

PiNUS  Lemonii  \  J.  L.  a  dwarf  variety  of  Pinus  Pin- 
aster, figured  in  Loudon's  Arboretum. 

I^nhealthy  Gardenias:  Z.  Y.  X.  The  roots  and 
moss  were  too  dry  to  report  on  with  certainty.  No 
life  was  found  on  the  root  or  soil  round  it.  Some  eggs 
in  white  flocculent  matter  were  found  on  the  moss, 
but  it  cannot  be  said  what  they  are  without  rearing 
them.  They  have  been  put  into  a  cell,  and  if  they 
are  reared  the  result  will  be  made  known.  We  fancy 
they  are  not  Acarus  eggs.  In  some  moss  wrapped  in 
paper  some  mites  were  seen,  but  were  in  a  stage  when 
identity  is  difficult,  but  they  may  be  Rhizoglyphus, 
which  are  root-eaters.  If  a  root,  just  when  it  began 
to  fail,  were  dug  up,  wrapped  in  oil-silk,  and  put  in  a  tin 
box,  so  that  no  evaporation  and  drying  up  could  take  • 
place,  we  might  be  able  to  speak  with  more  certainty. 

Seeds  :  Waite,  Nash  b"  CtJ.— The  seeds  are  those  of 
the  Japan  Wax-tree,  Rhus  succedanea,  L. 

Water  AnalyijIS:  Foster  ^  Pearson,  The  substances 
in  the  water  make  it  quite  unsuited  to  feed  a  boiler. 

Works  on  Greenhouse  Stove  Plants  :  J.  C,  G. 
Choice  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plaiits,  by  B.  S. 
Williams,  The  Nurseries,  Upper  Holloway,  N. 

*,*  AH  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  **  Editor,"  and  not  to  the  I'ublisher, 
or  to  any  member  of  the  staff  personally.  The  Editor 
would  also  be  obliged  by  such  communications  being 
written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent  as  early 
in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents  sending 
newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs 
they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

1^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Intelligent  Readers,  please  Note.  —  Letters  re- 
lating to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Law  SON  Seed  and  Nursery  Company,  Edinburgh, 
N.  B. — Forest  and  Ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c. 

H  &  F.  Sharpe,  Wisbech,  Cambridgeshire — Whole- 
sale Catalogue  of  Seeds. 

Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley,  Stourbridge — Spring  Cata- 
logue. 1886. 

J.  Veith  &SoNS,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.— Garden 
and  Flower  Seeds. 

li,  S.  Williams,  Victoriaand  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway,  N.— Flower  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 

Cii.  Lorenz.  Erfurt,  Germany — General  Catalogue. 

Dickson  &  Robinson,  12,  Old  Millgate,  Manchester — 
Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds. 

Harrison  &  Sons,  Market  Place,  Leicester — General 
Seed  Catalogue. 

Carter,  Page  &.  Co.,  53.  London  Wall,  London^ 
Garden  and  Agricultural  Seeds. 


JoMMUNicATioNs  RECEIVED.  —  G.  M..  Brit.  Mus.-W.  S., 
Chester.— C.  B.  P. -J.  M.,  Linn.  Soc— A.  D.  M.— Prof, 
tloodale,  Boston,  U.S.— P.  Wolkenstein,  St  Peteisburg.— 
t;.  N.  -  W.  W.— Prof.  Cornu.  Paris.— M.  F.-W.  Gardner. 
— Lucieii  Linden,  Ghent— J.  T.  B.-  C.  Wissenbach,  Casbcll. 
—J.  Wallis  (thanks.  letter  to  follow).— J.  S-E.  B.-H. 
Singleton.- C.  W.— R.  D.— T.  C.  -  Harrison  &  Sons. -J. 
O'B.— Penrhyn,  South  Yarra.— A.  N.— A.  H.— A.  D.  W.— 
S..  Arnold  Arboretum.— J.  M.  W.-A.  D.  W.-R.  Bell.— 
J-F.  


larkets. 


COVENl     GARDEN,    December    23. 
Hothouse  fruit  selling  freely  at  higher  quotations, 
otherwise' our  market  is  dull,  considering  this  is  Christ- 
mas week,  yames  Webber,  Wlwlesale  Apple  Market, 

Fkuit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.d.\  s.  d.  s~d. 

I  Pine-apples,  Eng.,lb.  i  o-  .,  ' 
.  —  St.  Michael,  each  3  o-  8'o^! 
•  Pears,  per  dozen  ..10-2  6'- 
'       —  per  ^-sieve       ..16-30 


Apples,  per  K'^ievc 
—  Canadian,  barrl. : 
Grapes,  per  lb. 


Artichokes,  per  dor..  5  ( 
Ileau^  Kidney,  lb...  1  c 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  c 
Broccoli,  bundle  ..  o  c 
Cablagus,  per  dozen  1  t 
Capsii-ums,  per  doz.  o  ( 
Carrol;,,  per  bunch,,  o  t 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  2  c 
Celeriac.  ner  root   ..   o   1 


AGS  Retail  Prices. 

I  Mushrooms,  puniict 
I  Mustard  and  Cress.do.i 
I  Onions,  per  bushel..  . 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  : 
,  Parsnips,    per   dozeu 


Polai 


\.eieiiac,  per  r 
Celery,  per  bundle . . 
Coleworts.doz.  bunch 
Cucumbers,  each  .. 
Endive,  per  dozeb  . . 
Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 

PoTATos. — Magnum 
60s.  to  Soj.  per  ton 


,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  &- 5  1 
Salsafy,  per  bundle  09-.. 
Scorzonera,  p  bundle  10-.. 
Seakale,  punnet  .,  26-  .. 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  u  1 
Spinach,  per  bushel  4  0-6  • 
Sprouts,  per  pound  03-.. 
Sprue,  bundle  ..  10-., 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  o  6-  i  i 
Turnips,  bunch       ..  06-  .. 

Bonums,  bad  trade,  50^.  I 


;  German  Reds, 


;o  Sos. ;  Regents. 
,  6d.  per  bag. 


820 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885. 


per 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


I  Ficns  elastica,  each..  16-70 
I  Ferns,  in  variety,  per 
!      dozen  ..  ..4  0-18  o 

Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous, each  . .  . .  2  o-io  o 
■  Hyacinths,  per  doz,  9  0-12  o 
)  —  Roman,  per  pot  10-13 
'  Marguerite  Daisy, 
I  per  dozen  ..  .-8  0-12  o 
I  Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  o 
!  Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  o 

let.  per  dozen 


1  Lilies,  doz< 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12 
}touvardia,  doz  ..  12  0-18  < 
Cineraria,  per  doz. . .  10  0-12  1 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  g  o~i8  < 
Cyclamen,  12  pots. ,12  0-24  • 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  1 
Dracaena   terminalis, 


iridis,  per  doz.. 


Kuonymus, 
per  dozen  . 


,  Poin 


-24  ( 


'  Primulas,    single, 
Tulips,  13  pots 


Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Price 


Abutil 


i  bunches  2  o-  4  ( 
Acacia  ( Mimosa),  Fr., 

per  bunch  . .  . .  o  6-  i  ( 
Arum  Lilies,  i2blms.  6  o-  g  < 
Azalea,  12  sprays  ..  i  o-  i  ( 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6-  1  c 
Camellias,  12  blms..  3  o-  6  c 
Carnations,  12  blms.  i  o-  3  < 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  20-41 
—  12  bunches  ..12  0-24  < 
Cyclamen,  doz.  blms.  o  6-  o  f 
tpiphyllum,      dozen 

blooms       ..  ..  o  6-  I  < 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  5  o-  8  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  5  o-  9  < 
Hyacinths,  Rom-,  12 

Lapageria,  white,  12 


Lilii 


longiflorum, 


blooms 


-bio 

Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  o-  d  ( 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  3  o-  6  < 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses        ..  ..   i  o-  i  ( 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  o  9-  i  < 
Poinsettia.  12  blms..  4  o-  8  c 
Roses  (indoor),    per 

dozen  . .  ..    i  o-  3  < 

—  Tea,  French,  doz.  o  6-  i  < 

—  red,  French,  doz.  i  6-  2  ( 
Tropseolum,  12  bun.  20-31 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  i  o-  i  ( 
Tulips,  doz.  blooms  i  o-  i  ( 
Violets,     12    bunches  i  o-  i  ( 

—  Czar,    Fr..  bunch  i  o-  2  < 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch . .         . .  4  o-  5  < 


I  blooms  ..JO 

e  prices  will  vary  much  duritig  next  week. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec,  23. — The  seed  market  to-day  pre- 
sented quite  a  holiday  appearance,  all  business  in  farm 
seeds  bein^  apparently  postponed  until  the  New  Year. 
As  regards  values,  there  is  a  firm  feeling  all  round,  and 
a  strong  healthy  demand  in  the  ensuing  spring  is  con- 
fidently looked  for.  Hemp  and  Canary  seed  are  quiet, 
and  values  remain  unchanged.  Feeding  Linseed  is 
neglected.  Blue  boiling  Peas  and  Haricot  Beans  sell 
slowly  on  former  terms.  Other  articles  call  for  no 
remark.  John  Shaw  fir*  Sons,  Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark 
Lane,  London^  B.C. 

CORN. 

Mark  L.vne  :  Dec.  2 r.— Quotations  for  Wheat  can 
hardly  be  altered,  because  there  is  nothing  doing  to  test 
them  ;  but  lower  offers  for  quantity  would,  probably,  not 
be  refused.  For  American  flour  rather  easier  rates  have 
been  taken.  Grinding  Barley  is  inactive  and  unchanged 
in  value.     Beans  and  Peas  are  reported  as  steady. 

Average  prices  ol  corn  for  the  week  ending  Dec.  ic?  : 
— Wheat,  3of.  z^d.  ;  Barley,  291.  31J'.  ;  Oats,  iZs.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year: — Wheat,  31^.5^.  ; 
Barley,  31?.  3./. ;  Oats,  igu  4Y. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Coi.UMHr\  (East  London):  Dec.  21,— The  demand 
or  good  Potatos  is  fair,  prices  moderate.  Trade  lor 
other  qu.^liiies  slow.  Quotations  :— Apples,  2s.  to  5^., 
and  Pe.irs,  2>.  to  5.^. per  bushel;  Drumhead  Cabbages, 
jj.  to  9t.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  4J-  to  js.  do.  ;  Spinach, 
J.S.  6d.  to  3f.  per  sieve  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  31.  6d.  to  4^. 
do.  ;  Cauliflowers,  2j.  to  31.  per  dozen  ;  bunch  greens, 
3f.  to  31.  6/.  per  dozen;  do.  Turnips,  zs.  6d.  to  31. 
do.  ;  do.  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2J.  6d.  do.  ;  do.  Beetroots, 
2J.  6d.  to  3J.  6<r.  do.  ;  do.  Celery,  4^,  to  8j.  per  dozen 
bundles. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Dec.  22. — Fair  de- 
mand for  best  samples,  but  inferior  sorts  very  unsale- 
able. Regents,  8oj.  to  looj.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  yos. 
to  90J.  ;  Champions,  60s.  to  701.;  Victorias,  6oj.  to  8oj. 
per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  21.— Champions, 
SOS.  to  60s.  ;  Victorias,  $os.  to  60s.  ;  Regents,  55^.  to 
655.  ;  Magnums,  50J.  to  jos,  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  71  packages  from  Hamburg,  227  Oslend, 
10,602  bags  Hamburg,  4  Ostend,  382  Boulogne,  41  bags 
Rotterdam. 


HAY. 

Whitechai'EL  :  Dec.  22 —Supplies  continue  large 
and  the  trade  very  dull.  Prices  have  not  quotably 
altered..  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  95J.  to  105J.  ; 
inferior,  6oj.  to  85J.  Hay.  prime,  70J.  to  88i.  ;  interior, 
50J.  to  6oi.     Straw,  281.  to  37J.  per  load. 

Cumberland  {Regent's  Park):  Dec.  22.  —  A  fair 
supply,  with  no  improvement  in  ptices.  Quotations  : — 
Clover,  best,  90.1.  to  1055.  ;  second,  yos.  to  gos.  Hay, 
best,  72T.  to  83J. ;  second,  60s.  to  70J.  Straw.  30J.  to 
36J.  per  load. 

Oovemmant  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  99S  to  99^  for  delivery,  and  99^*^  to  99^'^^  for  the 
account.  Tuesday '.s  prices  were  as  on  the  previous  day 
for  delivery,  and  99}  to  99I  for  the  account.  The  final 
quoUtions  on  Thursday  were,  for  delivery,  99J  to  99I, 
and  993  to  99I  for  the  account.  These  quotations  are 
ex  div, 


THE  COLONIAL 

MANURE. 


Unequalled  for  Excelletice  of  Quality 
and  Productive  Powers. 


d. 

0  each. 
6    „ 
0    „ 

0  per  Bag. 
0       „ 
6       „ 

Special  Prices  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  being  powerful 
and  lasting  in  its  effects,  very  little  need  be 
used  ;  consequently  it  will  be  found  more 
economical  than  any  other  Chemical  Manure. 

The  COLONIAL  MANURE  is  to  be 
obtained  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen 
in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Supplied  in  Tins,     1 

Or  in  Bags,  i  cwt.  12 

„         \    „    20 

1    M    37 


So/e  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

HAYMAN  &  BENJAMIN, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  CAMOMILE  STREET, 
LONDON,       E.G., 

who  only  supply  the  Wholesale  Trade 
and  Export  Merchants. 

LEMON  OIL  INSECTICIDE,  Improved. 
—  Soluble  in  water.  The  chsapest.  sa''e;t,  and  most 
effectual  Invectxide  extant.  Harmless  to  Howers  and  foliage. 
Instant  death  to  Mealy  Bug.  Seal-,  Thiips.  Red  Spider,  Green 
and  Black  Fly,  Amencan  Blight.  Mildew,  Ams.  &c.  As  a 
Winter  Dressing  unequalled.  See  cuculars.  with  testimoniali 
from  many  of  the  leading  gardeners  on  its  behalf.  Sold  by  most 
of  the  leading  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  ai.d  Garden  Manure 
Manu'acturers.  in  tins— per  pint,  is.  ta.  ;  quart.  25.  g-/. ;  half 
gallon,  5J  ;  gallon,  91.     Uiiections  for  u^e  with  each  Im. 

Wholesale,;.  W.  LOOKE.  Market  P.acc  Winslord.  Cheshire; 
alsoMessrs.  USMANandCO..  15.  Windsor  Street.  Bishopgate. 
London.  E.G.  ;  and  CORRY,  SUPER,  KOWLER  and  CO.. 
18,  Finsbury  Street,  E.G. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1839  against  Red  Spider.  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  (or  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Tites  ;  and  in  lather  fiom  (he  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Bo..es,  u.,  3J. ,  and  loj.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
w«t     ground.       Boxes,    td.   and    w.,     from  the    Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited),  London. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERy.     Cata- 
logue Fiee  per  post,  of  cveiv  Horticultural  Keqtiisile. 

KENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R  H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Keonarc.,,  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Esiabhshed  1834. 

ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Wirmest  Coverings  for  Pin  and  Frames.  Sizes  :-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  (t.  9  in.,  at  2S.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  2j.  id,  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft  ,  at  ;s   2^.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLlyUE.  Asion  Cl.nton.T.ing.  Bucks. 

RUSSIA   MATS  and  RAFFIA   FIBRE.— 
Before    Buying,    write    for    JAS.    T.    ANljERSON'S 
Catalogue,  which  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
149.  Commercial  Street.  London,  E. 
Regi-'tered  Telegraphic  Address—"  JATEA,  LONDON." 


Russian  Mats. 
T     BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 

O  .  ARCHANGEL  MATS  at  a  lor.er  rate  than  for  several 
years  for  present  orders.  Also  PETERSBURG  MATS  and 
MAT  BAGS.     Price  and  samples  on  application. 

4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.G. 


J.  B.  BROWN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    PRICE    LIST. 

"CHAMPION    PRIZE"    GALVANISED 
WIRE   NETTING. 


REDUCED  PKICES-per  Roll  of  BO  yards. 


Quality. 

'0 

18 
18 

Is 

s.d 
3    0 

3  < 

4  0 
4     6 

4  e 

5  3 

in.  1  i'n*. 

17.77 

4     t\f>    c 
3     37     0 

6    oS    0 
6    9'9    0 

6  99    0 

7  icl.o  6 

3-> 

!.  d 
76 
89 

II  1 
II  3 

36 

9  • 

10  6 
■3  ' 

in 

.48 

77 

le  0 
180 

18  c 

I,  d.\ 
18  o 

24  0 

27  0 
27  0 

Ji  4 

2-in.  mesh. 
Poult.y. 

Liaht 
Medium 

ig  If. mesh. 
Rabbit. 

Light 
Medium 

i^in-mesh. 
Small  Rabbit. 

Light 
Medium 

GALVANISED  CORRUGATED  IRON  ROOFING  SHEETS. 

IRON   HURDLES,    BAR  and  WIRE   FENCING. 

STEEL   BIRB  WIRE. 

FLOWER   and    NETTING   STAKES. 

JET  BLACK  VARNISH,  for  Coating  Fencing,  Is.  6d. 

per  gallon,  carriage  paid,  inlS  and  36-gaUon  casks. 

THE    FRENCH    SYSTEM   OF  WIRING    WALLS  AND 

TRELLISES  FOR  TRAINING  FRUIT  TREES. 

J.    B.  BROWN   &  CO., 

90,    CANNON    STREET,    LONDON,    E.G. 


ESPALIER    COVERED    WAY. 


GARDEN  ESPALIERS— WALLS  WIRED— IRON  and 
GLASS  WALL  COVERS,  cr  COPING— PEACH  and 
VINE  TRELLISES-FERV  WALL  TRELLIS— WIRE 
TRELLIShS  f.r  CREEPERS— TRFLLISED  ARCADES 
— ROSEKIE3-SCREENS  and  DIVISION  FENCES- 
RABBIT- PROOF  FENCING  —  STRAINED  WIRE 
FENCING,  &C.  

R.     HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTUR.AL   IRO.M  ANu  WIRE   WORKS, 

Tne  Pheasantry.  Beaufort  Stieet.  Chelsea,  SW. 

Under  tbe  Patronage  of  the  Queen. 

T        SMITH'S     IMPERISHABLE 

O  .  STRATFORD    LABELS. 


The  Gardeners  Magazine  says  :— "  We  must  give  these  the 
palm  before  all  other  plant  labels,  as  the  very  first  in  merit." 
Samples  and  Price  -Lists  free. 
J.  SMITH.  The  Royal  Label  Factory,  Stratford.on-Avon. 

STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal ! 

ROBERTS'S    PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c- 

Pure  and  ample    Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 


'ilhout 
lonials  : 


Pamphlet  and  authenticated 
;e  daily  at  Palentee's- 


THOMAS    BOBERTS, 

112,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W, 

COVERED    SHEDS    FOR    CATTLE. 


THE  GLOUCESTER  WAGON  CO, 


(Li. 


Have  attached  to  their  extensive  works  a  large  Joinery 

Department  with  the  latent  and  most  improved 

Maclunery.  for  the  Manufacture  ot 

Covered  Sheds  or  Yards  for  Cattle.  Conservatorlea, 
Greenliouses,  Garden  Seats,  &c , 


oderat 


Full  particulars  may  be  had  on  application  to 

ALFRED  SLATER,  General  Manager,  GLOUCESTER. 


December  26,  18S5.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


HENRY     ORMSON     &     CO., 


^-:^^^^-. 


1 


HORTICULTURAL     BUILDERS    and    HOT-WATER      HEATING      ENGINEERS, 

STANLiEY    BRIDGE.     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

Catalogues,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application.         Surveys  made  and  Oantlemea  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Country. 

CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPART  ME  N  T. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


Gold  Medal  Boiler. 


UPPER     GEOUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATBR,"  LONEON). 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  i^tk  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E. 


^  '^R*  * 


Patent  Reliance  Rotary  Valves. 


AWARDED   the   GOLD   MEDAL,   (agiinst   all   England)    for   CASHMERES   at   the   Bradford   Technical   Exhibition,    opened   by 

H.R.H.    the    Princess    of  Wales. 


The  DARLINGTON 


Established^ 

DRESS 

OUR  ALL  WOOr.  CR05S-WARP  SERGES,  fr™  ll>;y. 

to  It.  W\\il.  per  yard,  are  practically  iintearable  nther 
w.iv  of  the  ctcth,  anti  are  wairantcd  lo  wear  and  ;il  *ay> 
look  well  : 

OUR  GOLD  UEDAL 

CASHMERES,    from  1j.  11  Y.  to  Zt. 

MERINOES,  (rom  2!. 
OTTOMANS,  from  Is. 
COSTUME  CLOTHS, 
CORDS,  from  6^.  to  1 
All  ihe  above  at 
Ladies  are  invited  to 
World,  when  ihey  will  i 
Illustrated  Circular,  Pos 
to   any  Railway  Station 
Parcel  Post  if  deiied. 

to  3j    6'/.  per  yard  ; 

to  3i.  per  >ard  ; 

rom  2i.  to  4(.  per  jard  ; 

J.  6  i.   per  yard 

ePLAKVaud  COLOURED. 

send  for  Patterns  fiom  any  part  of  ilic 
[nmediatety  receive  a  complete  set  wiih 
T-FREF..    Pmchases  Qf;£i  car  iage  paid 

in  ihe  United    Kiogaom,  or  stnl  by 

HENRY 

PEASE    AND 

Sole  Spinners  and  Manufacturers, 


GOLD    MEDAL 
FABRICS.       [..5. 


ODR  OCEAN,    CANVAS,    and   BASKET    CLOTHS,   Plain 

and   Figured,  at  lOH''.  Per  yard; 
NDNS'  VEILINGS.  Plain  and  Figured,  from  VAd.  to  V>',H. 

SOLEILS,  Plain  and  Figured,  from  Is.  ikl-  to  3i.  per  yard. 

The  LARGEST  and  CHOICEST  Stock  (to  select  from)  in 
England  of  hnn>\  fide  home  manufactuiei  goods,  held  by  th« 
actual  Manufacturers, 

ANY  ITUANTITY  CUT,  at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

OUR  MANUFACTURES  have  had  133  year,'  REPUTA- 
TION, have  GAlNnii  Sl.K  Pfizs  Medals,  and  are  made  (mm 
ll.e  SAME  YARNS  as  goods  supplied  to  H.R.H.  thfl 
PRINCESS  of  WALES.  They  are  the  best  made.  1000 
people  are  engaged  in  their  production,  from  the  shec,y's 
back  to  that  of  the  wearer. 

COMPANY'S  SUCCESSORS, 

The  Mills,  DARLINGTON. 


Greenhouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
delv  competition. 

Ge'nilemtnwilldowellto 
obta  n  an  E^timate  from 
us,  for  which  no  charge 
is  made,  before  placing 
their  orders  elsewhere. 

Illustrated  Cataloguex 
free.  Richly  Iduitrated 
Catalogue,  containing 
ever  (o  Plates  of  Winter 
Gardens,  Conserz'aiories, 
I'lnerus,  Piant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses  6r'c,7e- 
cently  erected  by  M.  &^ 
Co.,  for -2^  stamps. 


MESSENGER   &  COMPANY,    LOUGHBOROUGH. 


822 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  26,  1885, 


THE  GARDENS  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lttu  cJutrgid  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

■\ 

0 

15  Lines 

...^0    8 

6      0 

3 

6 

16 

,, 

...    0    9 

6     „    ...   0 

4 

0 

17 

jj 

...    0    9 

7     „    ...   0 

4 

6 

18 

,j 

...    0  10 

8     0 

S 

0 

19 

ij 

...    0  10 

9     „    ...   0 

S 

6 

20 

...    0  II 

10     „    ...   0 

6 

0 

21 

jj 

...    0  II 

11     „    ...   0 

6 

6 

22 

jj 

...   0   12 

12     „    ...   0 

7 

0 

23 

jj 

...   0  12 

13     „    ...    0 

7 

6 

24 

..    0  13 

14     „    ...    0 

8 

0 

25 

..   0  13 

AND  SIXPSN 

CB    F 

OR  EV 

IRY  ADDI 

riONA 

I(  Kt  across  CO 

iimr 

IS,  the 

lowest  charee 

Page 

.A9 

Half  Page 

0  0 

Column 

•      3 

5   0 

OAKDENEKS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

25  words  IX.  fid.,  and  fid.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORT.iNT  NOTICE.— Advertisers  are  eaulhned 
against  ha-'ing  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ees,  as 
alt  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  atitliorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  5J.  each  insertion. 

MUST  rttKh  the  Office 


AH  Sutiacrlptlons  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,   £\   3s,  lOd. 

6  Months.  11a.  lid.  ;    3  Momhs,  63. 

Foreign   (exceptine    India   and    China)  :    incltidine    PosUge, 

£1  68.  lor  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at   DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Pi'BLiSHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

GOLD   MEDAL   AWARDED 

from  fi<>  Irtornat'.onal  Exhibition.  1885,  to 

'      WOOD  &  CO.. 

,1-  tX    '"r  it"^"  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 

A       -r-i^iP^Si'^  BUSTION  TUBULAR  BOILERS 
Mt^:.^':^^^^       ^"  GREENHOUSES. 

T.     WOOD,  Hot-water  Eogioeer, 
RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    E.\STVILLF.,    BRISTOL. 

Agenis  Warned  lo  stil  Woid'>  P.n'ers. 

BOULTON    &    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

GREENHOUSES.    GARDEN    FRAMES. 


SfF.CIAL    PRr.fS 

i^fi    application. 


LISTS    POST-FREE. 


DEANE    &    CO.'S 
"GEM"  CONSERVATORY. 


lo  ft.  long,  S  ft.  wide,  lo  ft.  6  in.  high. 

Price    complete,   with   'taEing.  coloured   glass,    gutter,    and 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Apparatus.     Eiecled  complete  within 

iSiniles  of  London  Bridge,  or  delivered  carriag-  free  to  any 

s      lOninErgand.  ^^^ 

LARQER  SIZES,  complete  as  above 

«2  ft.  by  8  ft.       .5  ft.  by  9  ft.       20 ',.  by  lo  fl.       25  It.  by  .2  ft. 

£28.  £35  103.  £44  108.  £66. 

ILLUSTRATED    SHEETS     of    Conservatories      Green 

On'aP^^ICA^^On""  '°'  ^""'°«  ""■'   ""'•'"«■    f-«EE- 

Surveys  made  ajid  Plans  and  Estimates  Free. 

DEANE~¥~CO, 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers 

^'•s.^ief.S'.'J!:^-?  LONDON  BRIDGE. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121.    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desc.ipiion  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCtLLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  BunhilJ  Row,  and  35.  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paihs,  and  Stages 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


CHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 
U-^^^  BUILDINGS 

JS^\^^  Fijied  in  any  part  of  ihe 

-^      Qjt>^^^         Kingdom  with  Hot  water 
^^^  W^~^^  Apparatus  complete. 

Numerousjaedair\^Qj^>^  CATALOGUE 

NORTH  OF  ENGLAND    ^\.  <&  ^^~\       ''"■ 
HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,         ^\.^0'/J 

DAKLINGTON 


III 


Kosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


rpi 


uch  cheaper. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

<""  made  in  maieiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th»y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  '  grown"   Edging-:,  consequently  beine 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  AVtificiai  sl 

fenfRtrE.'    ^^-^-^      ''■"'^■^    Ro.ad.'CheTsra.^s'°W°1 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMpc; 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    HQXEsLo 

BRICK^*^^^    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

lllu-traied  Pr.ce  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

r)RNAMENTAL     PAVING     TILES 

iZ  '^  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies  &c.! 
from  3f.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
°"?;f  J,",  ii"'.;,   'i'S"'  "''h  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

LaTd^r  'Kitc^he^i""  ^^-1''  ?'  J^'"'°^  ^""^  °f  dairies 
Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  S;c.  Grooved  and  other  Siahle 

ofTfindf  "r  ^T'^'-fV  >^'="  Copings.  Drain  Pipes  and  Tdes 
F   ROSH°?R  ^       r'A"  K">t  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 
t.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants 
See  Addresses  above. 

GIL     V      E      R  s"    AND, 

■,^iS.  '^^''^^  "'  '-°^"   '"""''^  "  lowest  rates  b  any 

N  R   ''h^°^"'^'^  "i"^  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 
IM.C.— Urders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves 
A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


QARDEN  REQUISITES.-Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Coilc,    Raffia    Mats.    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WATSON^Nn'^ril?",'"-'^?-      Cheapest  pnceso^'  '" 

WATSON  and  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E  C 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  si7,^s    ,.,  ,™, 1  t       t 

3ds  arid  4ths  q/alities,  afwayrkeprm' s,°  ck^  "''  ""  '"'  ■"'"• 
ao^fe«1°oxis        °'  ^""''"  '"""'  ''^"  °'   l"-""-   Slass  ia 

GEOEQE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS. 

34    St    T^h!;.^'^^'  °i^4,°''  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

- — --  — . '-^'^"ifiuazton.     *  >\ioie  ChromcU. 

Q.REENHOUSE;GLASS,"ii^.  per  fooi;!,, 

"•^-^      D->xes.       Suitable      for      Frames      t*nn<^r>i-u'i  )»„:„.■       o. 
PATENT  NON-POISONOUS  PAINT  for  Gieei^hous;,  W 

Hon  Paint  no  Longer  NeoessaryT 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH. 
for  Preserving  Ironwoi  k.  Wood,  or  Stone. 
(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 


Thi.  VARNISH  IS  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  on 
outdoor  wo, k.whieu  is  full,  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
itroducra  upwards  of  thirty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
i;f„„J  '^  ^?°,f  l''^'")'.  "O'^'ths'andinga  host  of  unprincipled 
iitators,  IS  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasine  sale  It 
ay  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
ming,  and  is  u-ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the^grounis  a! 
or  Caslle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  manv 
ds  of  the  Nobiliiy  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most 
-....  .ng  testimonials  have  been  received. 
,°i,  M  '^'f''  °'  "''■'"'  3°  eallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
the  Manufactory,  or  ,s.  Sd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  ?o  anjj 


Wind 


ID  Testimonial. 
■  21,  1876— Sirs,  I  have  this  day 
your  adoress  a  black  varnish  cask, 
;h  as  good  Varnish  as  the  last  we 
the  best  we  ever  had.  Address 
1,  Sirs,  yours  re- 


s  been  an  article  of  common  use  on  most 
he  kingdom  for  upwaids  of  thirty  years: 
icieasing  trade  in  it,  and  the  numerous 
ve  stamp  It  as  a  truly  genuine  article, 
lib  their  name  and  Registered 


Station  in  the  Kingd    .^ 

Unsolici 

"  Piercefiela  Pari;    Ju 
lorwarried  from  Chepstow  1 
to  be  filled  and  returned  v 
had,  which  I  candidly  adm..  .,„,  ...^  „„,  „ 
Varnish  to  PierceSeld  Paik,  Chepstow  —I 
specifully.  Wm.  Cox  ' 

CA  Cr/O.V.-Hiui.  &  Smith  would  particularly 
CustLmirs  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  no 
advertised. 

H.  ((rS.'s  Varnish  h 
of  the  large  estates  in 
and  their  constantly  i 
Testimonials  they  reci 
Every  cak  is  legibly 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  wiihout  which  none  is  -enuin- 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  of  Fencing  Hurdles   Field 
and  Entrance  Gales  S;c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL  AND  SMITH    Brierley  H.ll  Ironworks.  Staffordshire  ■ 
S.reet:Gl"gIw.'°"^  '        ""''"'•  ^^^  '  ^"''  "'  E''"''"k 

E      P      P     S^  S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

C_0_j^_0     A 

^^^       GIRDWOOD's'     s».i,«,s*i 
PATENT     ASTHMA      REMEDY. 

CM  and  most  wonderful 

DISCOVERY. 
ires    perfecily,    without 


iichitis 
Inllu 


ich  du 
Who 


t  =  ver.  Diphtheria,' &c. 

23.  3d.  per  box, 

with  lull  directions  for  use 
Sold  by  all  Chemists  and 
Medicine  Vendors, 


Pat 


(wh; 


led). 


cannot  readily  be  obtai 
upon  receipt  of  remilt«..^.i, 
to  any  part  of  the    world", 
from    the    who'esale   deput. 

JOHN   GIRDWOOD. 

Inventor,  Patentee  and  Sole 
Manulacturer, 

1 9,  DonegaU  Sqre.  West, 
Belfast. 


December  26,  1885.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


823 


Fawkes'  Slow  Combustion 

HEATING    APPARATUS. 

Most  efficitnt  and  chraprst  in  existence. 
Rtqmrts  no  sunk   Mckchole 
titht    wuhoiit    atiention  ;     wu 
C'liaers  ;    costs  nothinR  ftir  fuel 


ckchole;    will  lasc  all 


don: 
servaiil  can  sioke  it.    Frice  ol  Boiler  to  heit  :  — 

55  feet  4-lncli  Pipe  ..  £2  lOs. 

110  feet  4-inch  Pipe   ..  £3  153. 

200  feet  4-lncli  Pipe   . .  £J  78.  6d. 

Complete  Apparatus,  with  2  rows  of 

4-uicli  Pipe,  from  £4  12a.  Sd. 


The 


U^M 


app^i 


the 


parliculars  and  prices  ot  every  sized  Apparat 
post-lree  The  ODiy  slow  combusllOQ  apparatu 
o^the  kind. 
Be-ware  o/ifuomfi'ete  ineffcient  af^paratus, 
vjhkh  -unit  not  last  alt  night 


Fu 


CROMPTON  &  FAWKES. 


The   Original  and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler.    • 

Becently  Improved  and  Keduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating, 


HOT-WATER     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  deicriotion  for  Heatine  Appaiatiis. 
■       THE     LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffjrdshire. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "  Easy  Tip," 

No,  14,  Japanned,  i8j.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  2tr   ; 

G,ilvanised  all  over,  25s. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Cairiage  Paid,  to  aiy  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payab'e  to 

BBIERLEY     &     SON,     BIRMINGHAW. 

JURY'S  VERY  OLD  WHISKEYS 

{iFisn  and  score//). 

"  Jury  "  WhisVev,  Svearsi,lJ,  31.  6;^,  bollle  ;  421.  dozen. 

"  Bpeclfl-l  Jury"  \^  h^skey,  7  years  oU.  4s  botcle  ;  43-.  dozen, 

,,  _  .    ,  ,,  -iir  ■  1        (  n  years  old,  w-  bottle  :    6as.  doz. 

•Grand  Jury"  Wm^key-^  ^3  j'^,,^^^;  |^  b.ttl,;  7,s.doz. 

So  confident  is  Mr.  Jury  of  ihe  excellence  of  hi*  Whiskeys  that 
he  will  pay  the  carriage  upon  a  sami  li  bottle  (Irish  or  Scotch), 
to  any  t  art  of  the  Uniied  KineHnin  upon  receipt  of  remittance, 

W.    J.    JURY,    Belfast. 

OW     TO     GROW      ASPARAGUS. 

A  popular  E.vplanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture, 
By  William  Eaelev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London:  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO.,  Bouvetie 
Street.  E.C. 


A  New  Year's  Gift  for  Gardeners. 


THE   BEST   BOOK   ON   GRAPES. 


Dem^  Svo,  Highly  Illustratei  and  Handsomely  Bound 
in  Cloth,   loj,  6,/.,  post-free, 

VINES  AND  VINE  CULTURE. 

By  ARCHIBALD   F.  BARRON, 

Superintendent  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens. 


Opinions  of  tbe  Horticultural  Press  :— 

The  Jonrmil  of  Iloriicuiturc  s2Lys:-~- U  is  the  most  cum- 
plete,  and  it  will  be  accepted  as  the  standard  work  on  the 
Vine." 

The  Gnrdenefs'  Chmmkk  says  ■ — "  It  is  eminently  practical 
and  useful." 

The  Caracn  say^  : — "  It  is  undoubtedly  the  most  exhaustive 
vohime  upon  Vines  and  Vine  culture  ever  published." 

The  Gardtturs  Magazine  says  :— "  It  will  certainly  take, 
and  probably  keep,  a  leading  place  In  the  class  of  literature  to 
which  it  belongs." 

The  Finn's i  and  Pomologtst  says :— *'  There  is  nowhere  to  be 
found  in  onr  language  so  complete  and  thorough  a  descriptive 
list  of  the  best  varieties  of  Grapes." 

The  Midland  CojiniUt  Herald  says  :— "  The  whole  subject 
is  dealt  with  exhaustively  and  authoritatively  in  plain,  expres- 
sive, and  singularly  concise  language." 

The  Irish  Farmers  Gazette  calls  it : — "  The  most  complete 
work  of  its  kind  that  has  ever  been  issued  from  the  British 
Pres^" 


''JOURNAL   or  HORTICULTURE'' 

OFFICE,    i7(,   FLEET  STREET,  E.C.  ; 

A.       F,       BARRON, 

ROV.\L  HORTICULTURAL  GARDENS,  CHISWICK. 
Useful  all  tde  Year  Round, 

To  every  GARUENEK-AM  Al  EUR  or  PROFESSIONAL. 
Forty-ninth  is-ne,  now  ready,  t)rice  u.,  post-free  u.  aa'.. 

GLEN  NY'S  GARDEN  ALMANAC 
and  FLORIST'S  l>lRtCrORY,  i884  Profusely 
Illustrated  with  Charactetistic  Engravings  of  New  Fruits, 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  containing  Lists  of  Novelties  in 
the  Horticultural  and  Floral  World.  Special  Tables  of  variom 
kinds  for  Gardeners,  Wrinkles  tor  Cottage  Gardeners  ai  d 
Amateur*,  and  much  information  likely  to  be  of  use  to  Gardeners, 
both  amateur  a  id  professi.  nil  everv  day  in  the  year. 

London  :  WaRIi,  LOCK,  AND  CO  ,  Salisbury  Square,  E.C 

REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  EIRANOERE  (Helgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Revie*)--I3th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
-\.  Allard,  E.  AndriS,  C.  Haltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F,  Cr^pin. 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kicks,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  t.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  VoKem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P,  Wolkenstein, 

1  his  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings, 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :-One  year, 
I4.r.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-oece  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
GhenL 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER  in  a  Country 
Business,  owing  to  death  of  -senior  paitrer.  Trade 
consisis  of  Seed.  Nur  erv,  atd  Flori..t  Business.  —  For 
particulars,  apply  to  E,  H,  S,,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Co.,  152. 
Houndsdiich,  London,  E, 

WANTED,  a  steady  experienced  HEAD 
WORKING  GARDENER  married,  not  over  40 years 
cf  age.  Accustomed  to  Flower  atid  Kitchen  Gardens.  Con- 
servatory, Stove,  Vmeiy,  Melon  and  Orchud  Houses. 
Applv,  stating  wages  and  particulars  of  last  situation,  to 
ROBERT  BURRtLL,  Westley  Hall,  Bury  St,  Edmunds, 
Suffolk, 

ANTED,   a   GARDENER,    for   a  small 

place.  Help  given  when  necessary.  Kitchen  Garden, 
Lawn  and  Shrubbeiy,  small  Conservatory,  two  Gicenhouses. 
and  Frames.  Wages  l\.  and  cottage.  A  suitable  man  would 
find  this  a  comfortable  and  permanent  place. -ROBERT 
GRAHAM,  The  Newmaiket  Nuisery,  Newmaiket, 

ANTED,  a  WORKING  GARDENER.— 

Must  Grow  Grapes,  Peaches,  Roses,  Stove  and  Speci. 
men  Plants  thoroughly,  and  be  a  ihjrough  good  all. round  work- 
man in  Gaidens  and  under  Glass,  keeping  all  in  perfect  order. — 
State  full  particulars  and  wages  to  W.  A.  GLYNN,  Esq  , 
Sea  View,  Ryde. 

W"  "anted  IMMEDiATELYTlL  competent 
p.actical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  understands. 
Maiket  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  references  required — Apply  in  the  first  instance,  stat^ 
ing  age,  experience,  salary,  and  f^ull  particulars,  to  W.  J.  S.. 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants",  152,  Houndsilitch,  E. 


Fruit  Foreman. 

WILLIAM  PAUL  AND  SON  are  in  WANT 
of  a  thoroughly  practical  MAN,  who  can  give  good 
references  as  to  character  and  ability  to  Grow  Fruit  Tiees  for 
sale.-Apply  by  letter  to  WM,  PAUL  and  SON,  Waltham 
Cross,  Herts,  __ 

"\17ANTED,   OUTDOOR   PROPAGATOR 

'V  and  GROUND  FOREMAN,  Must  be  will  up  in 
Conifera:,  Rhododendrons,  Roses,  and  Fruit  Trees.  Wages 
25J.  per  week.— W.  BARRON  and  SON,  Elvaston  Nurseries 
Borrowa^h.  near  Derby, 

WANTED,    a  thoroughly  efficient    HEAD 
PACKER,      None  but  an  experienced  man  treated 
with. — Apply  in  own  hand,   stating  age,    wage    and  where  last 
iployed,  to  JAMES   DICKSON   and  SONS,  'Newton" 


Nui! 


,  Che: 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important 
in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be 
filled  in  payable  at  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  itiade  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  meani  oj  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER 

letters  addressed  ''  Poste  Restantc"  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  imf  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

SCOTCH  GARDt-NEKS 
—John  Downie.  Seedsman,  14),  Princes  Street  Edin- 
bureh.  has  at  present  on  his  LUt  a  number  of  SlOI'CH 
GARDENERS,  wailing  re.engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  compeleot  Gardener. 

f^pO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

-L      MclNTVRS  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Gjrden  and   Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

IIS,  Listria  fark,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

OICHARD     SMITH     AND     CO. 

JLV     bee:  to  announce    that    they  are    constantly 
applications    from    Gardeners,    seeking    situations, 
they  will   be    able   to  supply  any    Lady   or   Gentle 
particulars.  &c  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


ng 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Regi<tter 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  siiuaiion  of 
HfcAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirine  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  tull  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N, 

/■4ARDENER    (Head).— Age    30;    can    be 

Vj  highly  recommended  as  a  high-c  ass  Plantsman.  Fruit 
Grower,  Fljwer  and  Kitchen  Gardener,  Excellent  perjtuil 
testimonials.— JESSE  JONE'i,  Chirk,  Denbighshire. 

GARDENER  (He.ad)  ;  age  35,  married.— 
Advertiser  can  be  highly  rtcomraended  to  any  Lady  or 
Geotletnan  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all  brauclies. 
Sober,  industtrious,  and  iru^tworth, — A.  R.,  Mrs.  Lawrence, 
School  Lane,  Ringwood,  Hants. 

GARDENER  (Head).— A  Gentleman 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Head  Gardener  to  any  one 
requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fes!>ion.  Understands  Land  and  Stock  if  required.  Highest 
references.  — r.  HUNTER,  The  Gardens.  Rock  Mount, 
Anslon,  Rotherham. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  several  men 
are  kept.  —  Married,  no  locumbrance  ;  thoroughly 
practical,  high  honours  for  Grapes,  other  Fruits,  and  PJants. 
Having  a  small  income,  willing  to  accept  jCi  weekly,  with 
house  and  fuel.  Total  abstainer.— WM.  ALURIDGE,  Fern 
Bank,  Timperley.  Cheshire. 

TRAVELLER,     MANAGER,     or     HEAD 
SHOPMAN.— Thoroughly  experienced  in  every  depart- 
ment of  the  Seed  Trade.     Fair  knowledge  of   Plants.     Good 


SHOPMAN. — Age  25  ;  eleven  years'  experi- 
ence.    Well  educated,  and  of  good  address.      Fust-class 
references.- K.   KNO.\,  High  Street,  Acton,  W. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,  Wholesale  or 
Retail  Trade.-  Age  26  ;  good  Counter-hand.      First-class 
references.  —  L.    F.,  13,  Albeit  Road.  Plymouth. 

jiJHOPMAN    (Assistant).— Age     23  ;     nine 

all  branches.       For  reference.  &c., 
D  SONS,  Seed  Merchants.  Brechin. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
Counsel  for  the  delicate. — Those  to  whom  the  change- 
able temperature  is  a  protracted  period  of  trial  should  seek  the 
earliest  opportunity  of  removing  a;l  obstacles  to  f,ood  health. 
'I  his  cooling  Oii.tmcut.  per^cveringly  rubbed  upon  the  skin,  is 
the  most  leliable  remedy  for  overcoming  all  diseases  of  the 
throat  and  chest.  Quinsey.  relaxed  tonsils,  sore  throat, 
swollen  glands,  ordinaty  catarrh,  and  bronchitis,  usually  pre- 
vailing at  this  season,  may  be  arrested  as  soon  as  discovered, 
and  every  symptom  banished  by  Hotloway's  simple  and 
effective  treatment.  This  Ointment  and  Pills  are  highly  com- 
mended  for  the  Iricility  with  which  they  successfully  contend 
with  influenza  ;  they  allay  in  an  iocredibly  short  t>me  the 
distressing  fever  and  teasing  cough. 


824 


THE       GARDENERS'       CHRONICLE  [December  26,  .885. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,  SLEAFORD. 


SHARPE'S    SIR    F.    A.    MILBANK    PEA. 


This,  ihe  latest  of  Mr.  CUlverwell's  many  excellent  introductions,  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  much  of  the  Paragon  type  in  habit  and  growth,  but  earlier,  and  differing  in  b^iog  of  a  beautiful 
dark  grass-green  colour,  and  even  more  prolific  than  that  celebrated  variety;  the  pods  are  produced  in  abundance,  are  Urge,  square,  and  closely  filled  wlih  the  extra  large  dark  giejn  Peas, 
so  cloiely  packed  that  it  would  appear  when  opened  as  if  the  pods  could  scarcely  have  contained  them.  The  flavour  is  all  that  could  be  desired  by  the  most  fastidious  connoisieur.  and  in  every 
respect  it  is  a  variety  that  we  can  wiih  the  greatest  confidence  recommend,  either  for  exhibition  or  uble  purposes.  It  is  robust  and  hardy  in  conslilutioo,  and  may  be  sown  early:  for  Market 
Garden  purposes  it  cannot  fail  to  prove  a  great  acquisition.  j,^.^.^^    ^^    ^^^   (luarUr  Pint  SCakd  Packet,  fOSt-/>,e. 


SHARPE'S       TRIUMPH       PEA. 


Triumph  is  i 
curvedf  and  are  ' 


a«  of  the  very  best   oi  ii 
ell  filled  with  large  Pea; 


my  line  varieties  Mr.  Culverwell  has  given  to  tlis  pul>ac.  It  is  a  E  uri  Wtiu'uled  M.irrjw  r  ca  i,i  cv  j^imit  ll.ivour  ;  the  pods  are  large,  very  much 
tly  packed  in  the  p^d.  The  habit  is  gxid,  btiog  dense  and  bushy,  attaining  a  height  of  2  to  3  feef.  The  plant  ii  covered  with  pods  from  the 
ground  to  the  extreme  top  of  the  haulm.  On  one  plant  no  less  than  six'.y-n'iie  pods  have  been  emoted,  containing  from  nine  to  eleven  Peas  in  a  pod.  The  pods  are  of  a  bright  green,  in 
clusters  of  two  or  three  ;  and  are  not  easily  affected  by  drought,  remaining  green  for  a  long  time.  In  C3a;tilu(ion  it  is  robust  and  havdy  ;  and,  without  hesitation,  we  can  say  that  it  is  the  perfection  of 
Peas  for  either  the  Market  Gardener  or  the  Private  Grower— for  exhibition,  or  for  ordinary  use. 


Price^  2  r.  />cr  Half-pirit  sealed  packet.,  post-free. 


SHARPE'S     EARLY     PARAGON     PEA. 


FIR5T.CL\S3    CERTIFICATE.    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIET\,    1881 
Chiswlck  Report,  1884,  accompanied  with  First-class  Certificate  :— "PARAGON— A  very  fin-  Second  Early  Variety,  and  of  good  quahtj      Pods  Iarg>,  and  weU  filled." 

Price.^  zs.  per  Pint  Packet^  \s.  per  Half-pint  Packet,  post-Jree. 

PARAGON,  one  of  Mr.  Culverwell's  recent  iniroductiDns,  shows  in  many  respects  a  great  improvement  upoa  any  variety  at  p-esent  in  the  trade.  It  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  of  fine 
iir ;  height  from  4  to  5  feet.  The  pods  are  produced  two  and  three  together  in  such  abundance  as  to  almost  conceal  the  fjliag;.  They  are  of  an  unusual  size,  broad  and  thick-backed,  containing 
twelve  to  fourteen  large  Peas. 


PAR.AGGV  is  the  eailiest  of  th=  hrge  WriakKd  Ma 
vi»y  hardy,  and  will  stand  earlier  s-awing  than  ar  y  Pea 
obtained  from  this  one  vajiety. 


.  being  ready  berore  Pnz.tak;r  ;    in  fact  in  the  Gardens  at  Taorpe  Perrcw  it  wa;  gathered  at  the  same  time  as  William  the  Fir 
s  class.     It  is  most  valuable  lor  succession  crops  as  it  is  not  liable  to  mldew,  and  a  constant  supply  of  Peas  for  four  montli 


TRADE   PRICE  and   SPECIAL   LIST  of  NOVELTIES  for   1885  and   1886, 


POST-FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,   SLEAFORD. 


the  said  William  Richa 


should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor ;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  ,*i,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
lARDs,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbi'ry,  Agnew,  &  Co.    Lombard  Street    Precinct  of  Whuefhars,  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by 
-  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  December  z6.  1885. 
f  f«.  M,„«»,„.«_     r IT — ^.QQj,^  Agents  for  Scotland— Messrs.  J.  Menzibs  &  Co.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


Agent  for  Manchester— jo